Added Final processed data with embeddings

diseases_dataset_with_embeddings.parquet

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:534d77389dab0f0cb33acb0fb9a04dee0f9a2119f2da633f96ccf2fcab40b426
+size 1140816

everything_about_dogs_administering_medicine.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+
+
+Administering  Medicine. — It  is  foolish  to  force  medicine  down  a  dog's 
+throat  if  he  can  be  "tricked"  into  taking  it  naturally,  without  even  being 
+aware  that  he  is  doing  so.  Even  when  force  is  necessary  there  is  no  need 
+for  opening  a  dog's  teeth  when  liquid  is  to  be  given,  for  if  poured  into  the 
+patient's  cheek  it  will  drain  through  the  teeth.  When  a  dog  refuses  to  swal- 
+low whatever  is  placed  in  his  mouth — as  he  is  liable  to  do — all  that  is  neces- 
+sary is  to  hold  his  head  up  and  close  his  nostrils  and  jaws  for  a  couple  of 
+seconds. 
+
+Giving  pills  to  some  dogs  is  a  more  difficult  matter.  Hold  the  dog's 
+head  well  up,  open  mouth  with  your  left  hand,  and  place  the  pill  well  down 
+his  throat  on  the  base  of  the  tongue,  quickly  close  his  jaws  for  a  second 
+and  slightly  chuck  your  hand  or  finger  agaist  his  throat  and  he  is  bound 
+to  make  a  gulp  and  swallow  it.  Some  dogs  are  very  cute  and  will  keep  the 
+pill  inside  or  on  one  side  and  when  you  are  not  looking  will  quickly  spit 
+it  out,  so  watch  them  for  a  minute  or  so  to  be  sure  the  pill  has  gone  down. 
+Pills  can  also  be  given  hid  in  a  piece  of  meat  (providing  the  dog  is  not  so 
+sick  that  he  has  refused  food),  but  if  you  give  them  pills  this  way,  fool 
+the  dog  by  giving  him  first  a  few  pieces  of  meat  one  at  a  time,  having  your 
+prepared  piece  handy  when  he  will  not  suspect  and  will  take  it,  following 
+it  up  with  a  few  more  pieces  of  meat. 
+
+A  great  many  dogs  will  take — when  not  too  sick — castor  oil,  cod  liver 
+oil,  syrup  of  phosphates,  and  many  powders  even,  in  a  little  savory  broth  or 
+porridge.  When  powders  are  refused  in  food,  mix  them  in  a  little  butter, 
+honey  or  syrup,  and  place  well  back  on  the  tongue.  With  large  and  pow- 
+erful dogs  the  mouth  can  be  held  open  by  twisting  a  towel  around  the 
+upper  jaw,  and  an  assistant  is  generally  necessary  except  with  small  toy 
+dogs,  which  can  be  held  tightly  between  the  knees  while  giving  the  med- 
+icine. As  soon  as  the  medicine  is  placed  on  the  tongue,  close  the  mouth 
+and  hold  it  shut  till  dog  is  seen  to  swallow,  but  must  not  be  held  so  as  to 
+interfere  with  his  breathing  through  the  nostrils.  The  best  way  to  give 
+liquid  medicine  is  to  gently  raise  the  dog's  head  and  form  a  pouch  or  pocket 
+by  drawing  outwards  -and  slightly  upwards  the  lower  lip  at  the  corner  of 
+the  mouth,  and  gradually  pouring  into  the  funnel  thus  formed. 
+
+Gelatine  capsuls  are  very  handy  in  administering  powders.  If  the 
+dose  is  bulky  it  is  better  to  divide  it  up  among  several  small  capsules  than 
+it  is  to  try  to  inclose  it  in  a  single  large  one.  Powders  are  also  adminis- 
+tered by  mixing  with  butter,  syrup  or  glycerine. 
+
+Injections. — Use  a  rubber  syringe,  never  a  glass  one,  as  they  are  dan- 
+gerous.    A  bulb  syringe  with  a  flexible  tube  two  or  three  inches  long  I  find 
+
+
+
+the  best,  as  you  can  so  handily  hold  the  bulb  in  your  hand  and  work  it 
+quickly  when  ready  before  the  dog  can  get  out  of  position.  The  regular 
+fountain  syringe  is  also  very  good.  For  injection  in  the  ear  there  is  a 
+regular  ear  syringe  made. 
+
+
+"There  is  nothing  analogous  between  the  dog  and  the  horse.  The  vet- 
+erinarian who  treats  a  dog  from  an  equine  standpoint  is  a  failure.  In  tem- 
+perament and  nervous  organization  the  dog  resembles  man,  but  his  diges- 
+tive organs  differ  so  radically  taht  medicine  does  not  act  on  each  alike.  As 
+an  instance,  common  salt  has  no  particular  effect  upon  man.  On  the  dog, 
+in  small  doses,  it  is  an  emetic;  in  large  doses,  a  poison.  Castor  oil  is  a 
+mild  laxative  on  man;  on  the  dog  it  is  an  active  purge.  Epsom  salts  act 
+only  mildly  on  man;  on  dogs  it  acts  violently,  producing  copious,  watery 
+stools.  Aloes  and  rhubarb,  recognized  as  purgatives  on  man,  have  no 
+particular  effect  o  ndogs,  and  so  with  numerous  other  drugs. 
+
+"The  dog  is  particularly  susceptible  to  the  action  of  chloroform.  This 
+is  on  account  of  the  irregular  heart  action  previously  mentioned.  His 
+sensitive  nervous  system  responds  quickly  to  the  smallest  doses  of  strych- 
+nine, and  a  minute  quanty  of  mercury  produces  profuse  salivation.  These 
+drugs  should  only  be  administered  by  an  expert.  Opium  is  not  particu- 
+larly dangerous  in  its  action  on  dogs. 
+
+"Between  human  exclamations,  canine  howling,  coughing  and  gasping 
+and  occasionally  biting,  the  dog  generally  escapes  without  the  medicine. 
+Kindness  and  strategy  are  the  only  safe  methods  for  giving  medicine.  Aim 
+to  get  the  dog  to  take  his  medicine  without  knowing  that  he  is  getting  it. 
+This  can  be  accomplished  by  having  the  medicine  in  pill  form.  One  of 
+the  pills  can  be  introduced  into  a  slit  made  in  a  small  cube  of  meat.  Disarm 
+the  patient  of  suspicion  by  preparing  several  similar  cubes  of  meat  without 
+the  pills.  Give  him  one  of  these.  He  may  examine  it,  but  finding  it  all 
+right,  will  swallow  it.  Another  should  be  given  him.  If  he  swallows  it 
+without  examination,  give  him  the  cube  containing  the  pill  and  it  will 
+follow  its  predecessor.  Do  not  use  fluids  if  it  is  possible  to  avoid  them. 
+Gelatine  capsuls  can  be  had  in  various  sizes  to  accommodate  all  drugs. 
+It  is  better  to  give  two  small  capsules  than  one  large  one.  To  give  a 
+capsule  have  an  attendant  take  a  small  dog  in  his  lap;  a  large  dog  should 
+be  gently  backed  into  a  corner.  Stroke  the  dog's  head  and  face  gently; 
+then  with  the  left  hand  held  over  the  head  just  in  front  of  the  eyes,  press 
+the  lips  against  the  teeth  just  enough  to  cause  him  to  open  his  mouth. 
+Moisten  the  capsule,  place  it  as  far  back  on  the  tongue  as  possible,  which 
+can  be  inserted  well  down  the  throat  without  danger  to  either  the  dog  or 
+the  physician.  Close  the  mouth  quickly  and  the  capsule  will  be  swallowed." 
+The  following  was  published  in  the  Dog  Fancier,  written  by  their 
+veterinarian,  Dr.  D.  H.  Hall,  and  is  worth  publishing,  containing  many  good 
+ideas: 
+
+
+
+"In  the  treatment  of  dogs  or  other  domestic  animals  one  great  obstacle 
+to  successful  medication  is  the  difficulty  often  encountered  in  the  adminis- 
+tration of  remedies. 
+
+Dogs  frequently  refuse  to  swallow  liquids  or  offer  such  strenuous  ob- 
+jections that  a  portion  of  the  medicine  is  spilled  and  the  quantity  admin- 
+istered becomes  merely  speculative.  Hence  it  is  not  advisable  to  use  liquid 
+medicines  at  all  for  dogs  if  it  can  be  avoided. 
+
+Hypodermic  injections  of  alkaloidal  "solutions  are  the  most  prompt,  effi- 
+cient and  reliable  method  of  administration  we  have,  but  as  it  pre-supposes 
+the  possession  of  a  hypodermic  syringe  the  plan  is  not  feasible  in  the  ma- 
+jority of  instances. 
+
+Other  methods  are  to  have  the  remedies  incorporated  in  tablet  or 
+granule  form  or  given  in  gelatin  capsules.  For  ordinary  purposes  this  is 
+the  most  convenient  method.  The  tablet  or  capsule  can  be  placed  toward 
+the  back  of  the  tongue  and  readily  forced  back  with  the  finger  far  enough 
+so  that  to  swallow  is  the  only  thing  the  patient  can  do. 
+
+Always  treat  him  kindly  and  give  an  approbative  pat  on  the  head 
+and  when  the  time  for  the  next  dose  arrives  he  will  be  ready  for  it. 
+
+At  times  liquid  medicines  are  necessary,  especially  saline  laxatives,  and 
+as  they  are  decidedly  of  unpleasant  taste  and  the  dose  necessarily  large  it 
+is  frequently  quite  a  difficult  matter  to  convince  the  patient  that  it  is  "not 
+bad  to  take."  Rochelle  salts  is  the  least  nauseating  of  the  saline  laxatives 
+and  when  given  largely  diluted  with  water  its  action  is  increased  and  the 
+taste  not  so   disagreeable. 
+
+In  giving  liquids  place  the  patient  in  a  corner,  but  do  not  handle  rough- 
+ly. Have  the  medicine  in  a  bottle  or  hard  rubber  syringe.  Take  hold  of 
+the  fold  at  the  angle  of  the  mouth  and  pull  out  to  form  a  pouch,  then  pour 
+in  a  small  quantity  at  a  time,  repeating  as  it  is  swallowed. 
+
+A  dose  of  castor  oil  is  sometimes  required,  especially  to  supplement 
+the  action  of  a  vermicide.  If  this  is  given  in  about  four  parts  of  milk 
+the  taste  will  be  largely  disguised  and  the  administration  more  pleasantly 
+effected. 
+
+In  applying  lotions  to  the  eye  the  lids  can  be  separated  by  the  thumb 
+and   finger  and   the   solution   dropped   in   from   a   medicine   dropper. 
+
+When  the  nasal  passages  are  occluded  by  adherent  discharges,  appli- 
+cations of  warm  water  and  steaming  will  be  of  benefit.  For  the  latter,  the 
+patient  can  be  held  with  the  nose  over  a  vessel  containing  hot  water  (med- 
+icated if  the  case  demands)  and  enclosing  head  and  vessel  with  a  towel. 
+Care  must  be  taken  though  to  allow  sufficient  air. 
+
+In  applying  remedies  to  the  ear  the  most  useful  implement  is  a  blunt, 
+hard  rubber  syringe.  If,  however,  it  is  necessary  to  apply  dry  powder  a 
+"blower"  will  be  found  of  great  service. 
+
+In  treating  wounds  the  watchword  should  be  antisepsis,  but  in  the 
+use  of  such  preparations  one  must  always  bear  in  mind  the  danger  that 
+may  result  from  the  patient  licking  the  dressing.  Of  antiseptics  iodoform 
+should   never   be   used    for   the   dog   except   in    minute   quantities,    owing   to 
+liability  of  absorption  and  poisoning.  In  applying  remedies  other  than 
+per  orem  it  sometimes  becomes  necessary  to  restrain  the  patient  from  biting 
+his  would-be  benefactor.  This  can  be  accomplished  by  tying  a  long  piece 
+of  tape  tightly  around  the  paws,  having  the  knot  on  the  under  side.  Then 
+carry  the  ends  back  of  the  ears  and  tie  again. 
+
+In  the  application  of  unguents  to  the  skin  of  long-haired  dogs  time 
+is  really  sometimes  saved  by  clipping.  The  skin  can  be  more  thoroughly 
+cleansed  and  dried  and  the  remedy  more  evenly  applied  and  consequently 
+better  results  obtained. 
+
+In  the  writer's  experience,  no  appreciable  difference  could  ever  be 
+observed  in  the  texture  or  color  of  the  hair  when  it  had  grown  out  again. 
+The  clipping,  however,  should  not  be  resorted  to  except  in  obstinate  cases 
+and  during  favorable  weather. 
+
+Rectal  injections  are  frequently  indicated,  especially  in  house  dogs 
+where  from  lack  of  exercise  and  irregular  habits  the  faeces  becomes  im- 
+pacted. In  cases  of  collapse,  extreme  weakness  and  refusal  of  food  it 
+sometimes  becomes  necessary  to  introduce  predigested  foods  and  medi- 
+cines per  rectum.  The  ordinary  bulb  syringe  or  those  of  the  hard  rubber 
+variety  can  be  used  for  this  purpose,  but  the  nozzle  must  not  be  pointed 
+enough  to  injure  the  mucus  membrane  as  abrasions  of  the  latter  might 
+prove  troublesome. 
+
+In  connection  with  the  administration  of  medicine,  it  will  be  well  to 
+remember  that  all  drugs  act  more  powerfully  on  an  empty  stomach  than 
+when  it  holds  food,  either  liquid  or  solid.  Therefore,  powerful  remedies  and 
+those  which  are  of  irritating  character,  such,  as  arsenic,  iron,  nux  vomica 
+and  cod-liver  oil,  should  be  given  after  feeding,  so  that  they  will  mingle 
+"with  the  food  and  be  absorbed  slowly.  Oil  can  be  administered  easily  if 
+floated  on  milk.  Whisky,  alcohol  and  all  fluids  of  strong  taste  should  be 
+freely  diluted  with  water  before  administering,  at  least  four  parts  of  water 
+to  one  of  whisky. 

everything_about_dogs_breeding.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,654 @@
+
+
+BREEDING  AND  RAISING  OF  PUPPIES 
+
+
+Bitches  come  in  season  on  an  average  of  twice  a  year,  about  every  five 
+to  seven  months,  and  the  question  is  often  asked  whether  it  is  advisable 
+to  bceed  a  bitch  during  the  first  period  of  oestrum.  The  answer  depends 
+much  upon  the  breed  and  state  of  maturity.  As  a  general  thing,  it  is  not 
+well  for  a  young  bitch,  which  can  not  be  fully  developed  at  the  age  of  ten 
+months,  to  undergo  the  strain  on  vitality,  which  maternity  causes.  Some 
+terriers  mature  quickly,  but  the  large  breeds  should  certainly  not  be  bred 
+until  at  least  eighteen  months  old,  and  in  any  case  it  is  wise  to  allow  the 
+first  period  to  pass. 
+
+Another  question  asked,  is  whether  a  bitch  should  be  bred  at  every 
+period,  or  rather,  whether  it  is  wise  to  do  so.  This  depends  a  good  deal 
+upon  the  vigor  of  the  bitch,  but  unless  a  bitch  be  looked  upon  as  a  mere 
+machine  to  produce  puppies  for  the  benefit  of  the  owner's  pocket,  it  is  well 
+to  allow  the  bitch  to  be  served  every  other  period.  When  a  bitch  is  bred 
+twice  a  year  and  has  a  litter  each  time,  the  strain  upon  her  vitality  must  be 
+very  great,  and  unless  the  mother  is  more  than  ordinarily  vigorous,  later 
+litters  will  show  a  corresponding  weakness. 
+
+A  bitch  first  shows  signs  of  coming  in  season  by  bleeding.  Now,  if  you 
+are  watching  for  her  and  take  note  of  the  clay  the  bleeding  begins,  then 
+one  method  to  determine  when  she  is  ready  to  take  the  dog  is  to  count 
+from  this  day,  and  from  the  tenth  to  twelfth  day  she  is  ready  for  the  dog. 
+This  rule  does  not  always  work,  however,  for  I've  had  bitches  that  were  ready 
+and  willing  to  be  served  even  in  the  sixth  day  and  yet  others  would  not  take 
+the  dog  till  the  fifteenth  day.  Quite  a  good  plan  is  to  take  her  out  for  a 
+walk  on  chain  when  you  think  she  is  about  ripe,  and  let  her  meet  the  first 
+d  )£  she  sees,  or,  if  you  have  a  dog  on  your  place,  allow  her  near  this  dog 
+for  a  minute,  and  if  she  would  accept  this  dog,  then  you  can  be  certain  that 
+she  Is  ready  to  be  bred  and  take  her  to  the  dog  you  have  selected.  If  you 
+try  this  plan,  be  careful  or  else  she  might  fool  you  and  get  served  by  this 
+dr?  »he  had  met.     Dogs  are  quick  workers. 
+
+After  a  visit  to  the  dog,  the  mother  will  carry  her  progeny  about  63 
+or  64  days,  as  a  rule,  but  they  sometimes  whelp  a  few  days  sooner  or  later, 
+and  you  need  not  be  alarmed  unless  they  go  by  from  five  days  to  a  week, 
+when  very  likely  trouble  is  in  store  and  assistance  to  be  given,  or  better  yet, 
+call  in  a  good  veterinarian.  I  have  had  bitches  whelp  a  week  ahead  of  time; 
+such  cases  are  rare,  however,  and  have  raised  the  pups  by  extra  attention 
+given  for  a  few  days  as  to  often  putting  the  pups  to  the  teats  to  nurse  if 
+thay  did  not  get  there  themselves.  We  can  no  reckon  the  time  exactly.  Much 
+depViVs  upon  the  health  and  strength,  and  even  mental  idiosyncrasy. 
+
+The  best  time  for  the  visit  is  early  spring,  as  the  puppies  have  then 
+all  the  long  summer  before  them  to  romp  and  get  strong  in. 
+
+At  the  time  of  mating,  particularly,  exercise  should  be  well  regulated, 
+and  must  be  insisted  on.  Whilst  at  this  period  exercise  is  essential,  ex- 
+haustive work  would  be  detrimental.  The  amount  of  exercise  should  de- 
+pend on  the  individual,  a  gross  and  lusty  bitch  needs  plenty  of  freedom, 
+while  one  the  reverse  would  need  less  exercise,  in  proportion  to  her  physical 
+strength. 
+
+For  a  couple  weeks  before  bitch  is  due  to  whelp,  she  must  have  a  daily 
+walk  up  to  within  a  day  or  so  of  the  time  due,  but  this  must  be  gentle  as 
+she  is  very  heavy. 
+
+tp  have  a  goed  litter  of  puppies,  a  bitch  must  not  onky  possess  blood 
+free  from  all  taint  of  disease,  but  she  must  be  strong  and  in  good  condition 
+about  the  time  of  oestrum,  or  heat. 
+
+If  you  have  in  any  way  neglected  her,  or  if,  through  circumstances 
+over  which  you  have  probably  had  no  control,  she  has  fallen  off  a  bit,  begin 
+to  get  her  in  form  three  months  before  the  time  of  her  coming  on.  It  will 
+pay  you  to  do  so. 
+
+The  following  as  to  giving  the  bitch  some  medicine  to  open  her  bowels 
+I  found  in  Field  and  Fancy,  but  who  written  by  I  do  not  know: 
+
+"Some  there  are  who  deem  it  wrong  to  give  a  mild  cathartic  Imme- 
+diately before  the  time  of  whelping.  A  violent  purge  is  certainly  to  be  de- 
+precated, but  it  is  the  firm  opinion  of  the  writer  that  the  bitch  is  mater- 
+ially helped  and  benefited  by  a  little  opening  medicine.  At  any  rate,  that 
+course  is  invariably  followed  by  the  most  successful  accouchers  among 
+women,  and  it  must  be  obvious  to  the  merest  novice  that  when  the  system 
+is  greatly  upset,  or  about  to  undergo  a  severe  ordeal,  the  condition  of  the 
+stomach  and  bowels  is  of  the  highest  importance.  A  moderate  dos«J  of 
+castor  oil,  say  a  dessertspoonful  for  a  30-lb.  dog,  or  even  some  sweet  olive 
+oil,  will  do  all  that  is  required  without  inducing  excessive  straining.  Such 
+has  been  my  custom  for  a  good  many  years,  and  events  have  proved  its 
+value." 
+
+My  plan  is  to  watch  the  passages  of  bitch  just  before  she  whelps,  and 
+if  she  is  constipated,  to  then  give  her  a  mild  dose  of  castor  and  olive  oil. 
+
+I  believe  when  a  bitch  is  just  ready,  that  one  service  is  sufficient,  and 
+rarely  ever  allow  my  own  to  be  served  but  once,  but  to  -make  assurance 
+doubly  sure,  a  second  service  after  an  interval  of  twenty-four-  hours,  would 
+be  advisable.  If  you  are  sending  her  away  to  some  kennel  to  be  bred,  ship 
+her  not  later  than  the  eighth  day. 
+
+It  would  be  as  well  if  you  could  go  with  your  favorite  instead  of  send- 
+ing her,  but  most,  if  not  all,  good  breeders  are  not  only  gentlemen,  but  lovers 
+of  dogs  and  will  take  the  greatest  care  of  the  bitch. 
+
+The  length  of  time  of  a  bitch  being  in  season  is  from  fifteen  to  twenty 
+days  as  a  rule,  but  there  are  exceptions  to  this.  If  a  bitch  is  served  late  in 
+season,  the  service  generally  prolongs  the  season  or  period  in  which  she 
+would  willingly  accept  the  dog.  A  very  fat  bitch  should  never  be  bred, 
+as  in  so  doing  you  are  liable  to  lose  not  only  the  pups,  but  the  bitch  her- 
+self. After  the  mating,  the  bitch  should  be  kept  secluded  (no  food  or  water 
+having  boen  given  her  directly  before),  nor  any  food  for  six  hours  after. 
+
+Now,  for  the  next  two  months  the  bitch  must  require  every  attention. 
+For  safety's  sake  she  should  be  kept  away  from  her  old  canine  friends  for 
+about  a  week.  She  must  not,  however,  be  denied  exercise,  and.  all  through- 
+out the  time  she  is  carrying  her  puppies  she  must  have  plenty  of  exercise  and 
+fresh  air.  But  it  must  not  be  of  too  boisterous  a  character;  .and:. I  would  not 
+permit  a  bitch  in  whelp  to  play  with  a  dog  of  her  own  size,  or  a  larger  dog, 
+too  much.  A  collision  between  her  and  a  heavy  companion  might  be  very 
+serious  indeed. 
+
+If  your  bitch  is  a  house  pet  and  has  been  accustomed  to  jumping  upon 
+chairs,  the  safest  plan  to  guard  against  accidents  is  to  tip  the  chairs  up 
+against  the  wall  for  a  week  or  two  before  she  is  due  to  whelp — if  you  are 
+yet  keeping  her  in  the  house.  When  very  heavy,  she  can  not  always  make 
+the  same  jump,  and  should  she  miss,  striking  against  chair  and  fall  back, 
+it  would  likely  mean  the  death  of  her  and  the  pups. 
+
+For  a  few  days  after  being  bred,  quietude  and  exercise  on  chain  is  ad- 
+visable for  safety,  and  should  then  follow  exercise  twice  daily,  in  proportion 
+to  constitution,  temperament  and  condition,  and  as  she  nears  the  time  of 
+whelping,  the  chain  may  be  again  necessary,  as  a  restraint. 
+
+From  the  time  bitch  is  bred,  the  food  need  not  be  different  from  usual 
+until  five  or  six  weeks  gone,  and  showing  heavy  with  pUps,  when  she  will 
+of  course  need  more  to  eat.  Feed  her  now  more  liberally  with  a  fair  pro- 
+portion of  beef  and  mutton.  Raw  beef  cut  up  fine,  is  very  gxrod  in  winter, 
+a  little  once  a  day  as  she  approaches  the  time  of  whelping.  Bread  and  milk 
+and  especially  soups  will  be  very  good  for  the  other  meals;  soft  foods  and 
+of  an  opening  nature  being  desirable.     A  large  beef  or  veal  bone  to  gnaw 
+on  is  good.  Plenty  of  milk  is  also  what  she  needs.  The  nearer  her  time 
+gets  the  more  she  will  need  to  eat.  Feed  her  three  times  a  day  during  the 
+last  two  weeks.  On  the  feeding  of  the  bitch  during  this  time  will  depend 
+the  size  and  healthfulness  of  the  coming  litter,  and  when  the  pups  are  born, 
+a  warm  pan  of  milk  will  be  relished  by  the  dam,  in  which  may  be  put  a 
+little  baking  soda.  Soft  food  should  be  continued  for  a  few  days,  when  a 
+return  to  ordinary  diet  will  be  safe. 
+
+Many  times  a  female,  after  giving  birth  to  her  young,  refuses  to  eat 
+and  loses  her  appetite.  A  few  drops  of  assafcetida  given  in  water  and  a 
+little  rubbed  on  her  gums  usually  restores  her  appetite,  and  with  a  good 
+appetite  usually  comes  a  good  flow  of  milk. 
+
+It  is  usually  after  a  lapse  of  sixty-three  days  that  the  pups  come,  and 
+some  days  before  the  event  a  suitable  secluded  place  should  be  provided 
+for  her.  It  is  important  that  a  record  should  be  kept  of  date  she  was  bred. 
+Have  her  stall  or  kennel  prepared  a  week  before  she  is  due.  If  in  winter 
+this  must  be  warm,  but  with  light  and  ventilation.  The  latter  must  only 
+be  furnished  from  the  top. 
+
+I've  found  the  best  plan  to  be,  to  securely  tack  down  an  old  carpet  or 
+blanket. on  the  floor  which  enables  the  puppies  to  get  a  foothold  when  first 
+born,  and  thus  crawl  to  their  mother.  The  bitch  will  scratch  and  dig  for 
+several  days  before  whelping  and  try  her  best  to  scratch  up  the  carpet,  so 
+put  in  plenty  of  tacks.  This  carpet  should  be  exchanged  for  a  clean  one,  the 
+next  day  after  she  whelps.  A  little  of  Clayton's  or  the  Vermilax  Co.'s  flea 
+powder  sprinkled  around  in  her  box  shoufcl  be  clone  daily.  A  loose  carpet 
+in  box  is  not  advisable,  as  a  puppy  is  liable  to  get  under  it  and  get  smothered. 
+
+Not  all  bitches  are  good  mothers,  some  being  too  nervous,  and  through 
+this  nervousness  and  from  fear  that  they  may  lose  some  of  their  children, 
+or  that  you  might  take  one  away,  they  get  excited,  and  lay  on  a  pup  or  two. 
+
+A  very  safe  plan  I've  found,  and  I  always  so  fit  up  the  stall  or  box, 
+is  to  fasten  a  shelf  a  few  inches  from  the  floor  to  the  sides  and  back  of  box, 
+extending  out  a  few  inches  so  that  if  she  gets  nervous  and  turns  around  too 
+often  to  get  a  place  to  suit  her,  the  pups  are  protected  from  being  laid  on 
+by  this  shelf. 
+
+It  is  generally  best  not  to  disturb  the  bitch  at  the  time  of  whelping, 
+but  in  case  of  fever  or  excitement,  or,  in  fact,  if  anything  indicating  trouble 
+be  detected,  it  may  be  necessary  for  some  one  to  remain  with  her,  and  for 
+the  pups  to  be  taken  away  and  kept  warm  until  normal  conditions  return. 
+Veterinarian  skill  may  be  necessary  in  some  conditions,  but  as  a  warm  place 
+for  the  pups  is  all  that  is  needed  for  a  couple  of  hours  after  birth,  it  is  easy 
+to  take  the  milk  from  the  teats  with  the  hand  if  the  fever  is  likely  to  have 
+rendered  it  injurious  to  the  pups  and  the  fever  may  be  quickly  remedied, 
+and  a  non-injurious  flow  made  in  time  for  the  pups  to  rejoin  their  mother. 
+
+The  very  best  advice  I  can  give  the  breeder  is,  do  not  interfere;  the  few 
+cases  where  it  will  be  necessary  to  do  so  will  only  add  force  to  this  rule. 
+When  help  is  called  for,  find  a  verterinary  surgeon  who  understands  treat- 
+ment of  dogs,  or  one  who  makes  dogs  a  specialty.  Many  veterinarians  are 
+all  right  as  to  horses  and  cows,  but  woefully  ignorant  as  to  dogs.  If  manual 
+assistance  has  to  be  given,  avoid  unnecessary  force.  When  labor  is  protract- 
+ed and  bitch  seems  to  need  assistance  to  create  more  labor  pains,  then  give 
+her  Fellows'  Compound  Syrup  of  Hypophosphate,  two  hours  apart;  the  dose 
+would  be  a  half  teaspoonful  for  a  bitch  of  15  to  25  lbs.,  and  three-quarters  of 
+"a  teaspoonful  for  a  25  to  40-lb.  bitch,  with  a  teaspoonful  for  larger  ones  up 
+to  60  lbs.,  while  for  very  large  bitches  such  as  a  St.  Bernard,  a  teaspoonful 
+and  a  half  would  be  the  dose.  Get  one  ounce  of  the  Fellows'  Compound 
+Syrup  of  Hypophosphate  and  have  your  druggist  add  to  it  four  grains  of 
+quinine.  I  have  found  this  very  valuable,  much  better  and  safer  than  ergot 
+(the  liquid  extract  of  rye),  which  is  liable  to  work  both  ways,  favorable 
+and  otherwise,  expanding  or  contracting  the  womb.  Such  medicine  is  not 
+always  necessary,  as  in  very  many  cases  Nature  takes  care  of  the  matter, 
+and  it  is  only  needed  and  advised  to  be  given  when  bitch  requires  assistance 
+— the  object  being  to  create  more  labor  pains  if  bitch  needs  the  same.  In 
+several  cases  of  bitches  that  required  the  Fellows'  Syrup  of  Hypophosphate 
+
+I   also   gave   an   injection   per  vagina   of  glycerine  put   into   hot   water  and 
+injected  luke  warm,  but  of  course  not  hot. 
+
+The  cases  of  greatest  danger  are  where  a  bitch  has  been  allowed  to 
+stray  during  cestrum,  and  was  bred  to  a  dog  of  much  larger  size  than  her- 
+self; and  very  finely  bred  and  highly  pampered  bitches  often  suffer  greatly, 
+and  die  in  the  act  of  giving  birth.  In  healthy  parturition  even,  considerable 
+time  is  often  occupied,  the  rest  between,  being  of  great  service  in  supporting 
+her  against  the  prostration  consequent  in  the  event.  The  bitch  should  not 
+be  interfered  with  in  these  intervals,  and  it  is  then  foolish  to  try  and  force 
+food  upon  her.  In  all  cases  where  difficulty  from  wrong  presentation  or 
+the  disproportioned  size  of  the  pups  occur,  both  from  motives  of  prudence 
+and  humanity  the  veterinary  surgeon  should  be  consulted  for  his  obstertic 
+knowledge,  and  skill  in  manipultion  will  save  much  unnecessary  suffering, 
+and  probably  the  lives  of  mother  and  pups. 
+
+Sometimes  there  are  one  or  two  very  late.  You  may  go  away,  assur- 
+ing yourself  all  is  over,  and  that  your  bitch  has  a  litter  of  only  five,  and 
+come  back  in  the  morning  to  find  seven  all  sucking  away  like  as  many 
+leeches,  and  the  mother  looking  so  proud  and  pleased  she  wouldn't  ex- 
+change places  with  a  princess  royal. 
+
+Should  the  clam's  supply  of  milk  prove  to  be  inadequate,  it  will  be 
+necessary  either  to  place  her  puppies  under  the  care  of  a  foster  mother 
+or  else  to  do  the  best  possible  under  the  circumstances  with  artificial  food. 
+The  former  is  always  a  risky  alternative  as  it  is  not  every  bitch  that  will 
+take  kindly  to  the  whelps  of  another,  and  unless  she  has  been  upon  the 
+premises  for  some  time  so  as  to  be  accustomed  to  the  surroundings  it  is 
+unlikely  that  she  will  do  them  justice.  Then,  too,  if  she  has  not  whelped 
+at  very  nearly  the  same  time  as  the  other,  there  is  likely  to  be  trouble  over 
+her  milk  supply.  Consequently  it  is  safest  and  best,  though  possibly  a  little 
+more  troublesome,  to  bring  the  puppies  up  by  hand  if  their  mother  has  not 
+enough  milk  to  provide  them    with   nourishment. 
+
+Fortunately,  however,  for  the  dog  owner,  Sprabt's  Patent  step  in  here 
+to  assist  him  in  his  dilemma,  as,  in  the  orphan  Puppy  Food  prepared  by  this 
+Company,  a  most  excellent  substitute  for  mothers'  milk  will  he  found;  in 
+fact,  there  is  nothing  procurable  that  can  compare  with  it.  In  the  case  of 
+many  substitutes  for  the  natural  nourishing  fluid  of  pups,  it  will  be  found 
+that  the  stomachs  of  the  youngsters  are  liable  to  be  upset  by  some,  while 
+in  other  instances  the  puppies  do  not  thrive,  but  in  fact  dwindle  away. 
+Wtten  Spratt's  Puppy  Food  is  used  in  a  kennel  there  is  no  prospect  of 
+either  of  these  evils,  if  the  food  is  prepared  in  the  proper  manner  and 
+ordinary  attention  is  paid  to  matters  of  detail.  In  the  first  place  infant 
+puppies  should  be  fed  frequently,  every  care  being  at  the  same  time  taken 
+to  avoid  their  stomachs  being  overtaxed.  Then,  too,  it  must  be  remembered 
+that  even  the  best  of  cooked  food  is  apt  to  turn  sour  and  become  unwhole- 
+some'if  allowed  to  stand  too  long,  or  if  the  vessels  it  is  kept  in  are  not 
+perfectly  clean.  The  stomachs  of  young  puppies  are  so  easily  upset  that 
+too  much  care  cannot  be  exercised  in  the  preparation  of  their  food.  An 
+indigestible  diet  is  no  doubt  responsible  for  many  untimely  deaths  among 
+young  stock. 
+
+Provided  that  all  goes  well  with  the  whelps,  they  will  begin  to  crawl  about 
+soon  after  their  eyes  are  open,  which  will  be  at  the  age  of  nine  days. 
+
+When  the  pups  are  a  day  old  the  mother  should  be  encouraged  to  leave 
+them  for  an  hour's  daily  exercise;  but  this  should  never  be  of  a  violent 
+character,  likely  to  cause  milk  fever. 
+
+When  the  pups  ai«e  six  to  seven  weeks  of  age  the  weaning  should  com- 
+mence, and  it  is  a  good  plan  to  commence  this  by  removal  of  the  bitch  for 
+a  few' hours  at  first,  and  afterward  by  keeping  her  apart  the  whole  day, 
+only  permitting  her  to  he  with  the  family  at  night.  The  puns  should  then 
+be  fed  on  goat's  or  cow's  milk,  boiled,  with  one-third  as  much  warm  water 
+added  and  bread  crumbled  and  soak  in  it  and  given  while  still  slightly 
+warm.  I  prefer  condensed  milk  to  either,  which  is  sure  to  be  uniform  and 
+not  as  conducive  to  worms  as  cow's  milk.  This  should  be  slightly  reduced 
+with  warm  water.     After  a  few  days,  and  when  the  pups  have  taken  to  this 
+
+diet  a  little  meal  may  be  used  instead  of  bread;  oatmeal,  wheat  middlings 
+and  cornmeal,  mixed,  is  good;  and  in  case  of  looseness  of  the  bowels  a 
+little  rice  should  be  substituted.  At  this  period  it  is  also  well  to  add  a 
+little  lime  water  to  the  milk  or  give  fish  scraps,  for  this  supplies  phos- 
+phorous necessary  for  bone  forming.  If  fish  is  given  be  careful  and  sure 
+that  all  bones  are  first  removed.  Pups  thus  fed  rarely  get  rickets,  or  the 
+giving  way  of  the  pasterns  or  lower  leg  joints,  because  the  bone  is  not 
+strong  enough  to  carry  the  weight  of  the  body.  This  should  never  occur 
+in  any  well-regulated  kennel  where  the  pups  are  properly  nourished,  but  if 
+it  does,  two-thirds  of  lime  water  with  the  milk,  a  teaspoonful  of  cod  liver 
+oil  twice  daily,  or  more  if  the  breed  is  a  large  one,  will  soon  remedy  it. 
+After  awhile  soups  and  a  little  vegetable  matter  may  be  substituted. 
+
+I  give  puppies  when  weaning  them  boiled  milk  in  which  some  bread 
+has  been  well  mixed  and  soaked,  gravy  with  bread  mixed  in  it — chicken 
+gravy  they  eat  with  a  relish — and  a  little  later  on,  add  to  the  milk  and 
+bread,  or  gravy  and  bread,  just  a  little  cooked,  and  cut  up  fine,  beef  or  mut- 
+ton. Remember,  however,  that  after  a  pup  once  gets  a  taste  of  meat  tbat 
+it  is  very  liable  to  want  meat  and  refuse  anything  else.  See  article  on 
+Feeding. 
+
+In  case  of  the  mother  dying  a  few  days  after  birth  of  her  puppies, 
+always  use  condensed  milk  thinned  with  warm  water  and  add  lime  water 
+at  the. rate  of  a  teaspoonful  for  each  puppy.  Lime  water  is  one  of  the  best 
+worm  destroyers  for  young  puppies. 
+
+Should  a  mother  dog  lose  her  milk  or  not  have  enough  at  any  time 
+after  a  puppy  has  its  eyes  open,  make  a  gruel  of  corn  starch,  putting  a 
+little  sugar  in  it;  teach  the  little  fellows  to  eat  it,  which  can  be  readily  done 
+by  putting  their  noses  in  it  and  allowing  them  to  lick  their  lips,  and  you 
+will  find  them  to  soon  learn  to  like  it  and  thrive  on  it.  Or,  feed  them  with 
+Spratt's  Orphan  Puppy  Food,  as  mentioned  previously. 
+
+When  I  have  a  litter  of  puppies  that  are  weak  in  bone,  their  legs  not 
+strong  enough  to  sustain  the  body,  I  give  the  mother  three  times  a  day  until 
+pups  are  weaned,  some  precipitated  phosphate  of  lime  which  creates  bone. 
+Dose  for  toy  dogs,  a  pug  for  instance,  would  be  an  even  teaspoonful.  For 
+dogs  the  size  of  a  pointer,  one  and  a  half  teaspoonful,  and  for  large  breeds 
+like  a  St.  Bernard  or  mastiff,  two  teaspoonfuls.  Mix  the  lime  up  In  a  little 
+milk  and  all  bitches  will  readily  drink  it  down,  as  it  is  of  a  pleasant  taste. 
+Better,  however,  do  the  mixing  where  they  do  not  see  you,  for  if  they  got 
+the  idea  that  it  was  medicine  they  might  not  take  it.  Many  a  dog  will  run 
+and  hide  at  the  sight  of  a  spoon,  so  great  being  their  aversion  to  taking 
+medicine. 
+
+Other  troubles  sometimes  arise  at  this  time,  which  are  often  caused  by 
+worms,  but  still  more  frequently  result  from  unsuitable  food  or  foods  of 
+innocent  nature  that  have  undergone  noxious  changes,  and  still  oftener  by 
+overloading  the  stomach,  until  indigestion  sets  in  and  then  the  food,  Instead 
+of  supplying  nutriment,  becomes  an  irritant;  pains  arise,  swelling  of  the 
+organs  occur,  and  unless  quickly  relieved  the  pups  quickly  succumb.  These 
+symptoms  are  usually  attributed  to  worms,  which  frequently  cause  similar 
+troubles.  Another  difficulty  with  like  symptoms  is  a  slight  chill,  sending  the 
+blood  from  the  surface  to  the  internal  organs,  producing  congestion  therein, 
+and  it  is  sometimes  that  serious  disorders,  not  easily  distinguished  from 
+any  of  these,  are  caused  by  worm  remedies  being  given,  without  knowledge 
+of  their  effects,  or  due  preparation  on  the  part  of  the  patient.  All  these 
+troubles  may  be  classed  as  gastro-enteritis,  and  the  same  treatment  applied. 
+There  should  be  an  immediate  cleaning  out  of  the  bowels  with  castor  or 
+sweet  oil,  and  the  use  of  opiates  afterward  generally  give  best  results, 
+either  paregoric  or  laudanum,  the  former  preferred,  because  of  the  camphor 
+in  it. 
+
+The  opiate  should  be  given  every  hour,  until  the  pain  is  relieved,  and 
+then  nourishment  in  the  form  of  warm  milk  should  follow,  with  the  appli- 
+cation of  artificial  heat,  or  stimulation,  in  case  of  any  tendency  to  chill. 
+
+Raw  milk  should  never  be  given  to  any  puppies,  always  boil  or  scald 
+it.     Under  the  heading  of  "Worms,"  you  can  now  find  proper  treatment  for 
+puppies. 
+
+The  following  article  on  "Parturition,"  and  a  valuable  one  indeed — ■ 
+coming  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  A.  J.  Sewell,  the  celebrated  English  dog  veter- 
+inarian, was  lately  published  in  the  American  Stock-Keeper,  and  I  herewith 
+reproduce  it: 
+
+"So  little  practical  knowledge  on  this  subject  is  abroad  in  our  kennels, 
+judging  from  the  large  number  of  dams  and  puppies  that  have  been  annu- 
+ally lost,  that  it  is  important  when  we  come  across  such  articles  as  Mr.  A.  J. 
+Sewell's,  the  noted  English  dog  'Vet.,'  on  the  above  subject,  that  others  than 
+the  readers  of  the  English  Kennel  Gazette  should  be  allowed  an  opportunity 
+to  read  them.  From  such  hints  the  intelligent  Kennel  man  may  prepare 
+himself  to  meet  emergencies  which  can  not  be  foreseen,  and  which  often 
+happen  when  a  'vet's'  services  are  not  immediately  available.  The  follow- 
+ing will  meet  such  cases:  "  'It  occasionally  happens  in  cases  of  head  pre- 
+sentation that  the  hind  legs  are  bent  forward  on  the  body,  which  renders  the 
+delivery  difficult,  and  without  the  passage  is  large  and  the  pains  are  very 
+strong,  the  bitch  cannot  bring  the  pup  without  assistance.  This  is  best 
+rendered  by  grasping  the  puppy  across  the  hips  with  a  small  pair  of  thin- 
+bladed  parturition  forceps,  and  by  gently  pulling  at  the  puppy  during  each 
+throe. 
+
+"  'It  frequently  occurs  that  though  a  puppy  may  lie  in  a  normal  position 
+the  mother  is  unable  to  give  birth  to  it,  in  consequence  of  its  being  too 
+large.  The  nose  may  be  just  inside  the  vagina,  and  there  become  fixed  in 
+spite  of  the  bitch  straining  for  hours.  I  have  seen  hundreds  of  such  cases. 
+It  is  a  mistake  to  leave  these  cases  too  long,  thinking  they  will  come  all 
+right,  as  it  is  wasting  time  and  the  mother's  strength;  and  if  there  are 
+other  puppies  to  some  she  probably  will  not  have  strength  either  to  expel 
+them  herself,  or  help  anyone  who  may  try  to  assist  her. 
+
+"'In  these  instances  the  head  is  so  firmly  fixed  in  the  mouth  of  the 
+womb  that  it  is  impossible  to  take  hold  of  it  with  forceps,  however  small 
+or  thin  the  blades  may  be,  but  the  hook  of  the  crochet  may  generally  be 
+passed  into  the  mouth  of  the  puppy,  and  by  fixing  it  well  into  the  pallet  a 
+good  hold  may  be  obtained,  and  the  puppy  drawn  through  the  passage  by 
+main  force.  If  care  be  taken  it  is  astonishing  what  amount  of  force  may 
+be  used  in  promoting  delivery  without  at  all  injuring  the  bitch,  but  it  is 
+best  not  to  pull  on  the  puppy  except  during  the  labor  pains,  if  there  are  any. 
+
+"  'It  is  the  custom  of  some  veterinary  surgeons  to  give  the  ditch  during 
+labor  a  hot  bath  if  the  parts  are  not  considered  sufficiently  relaxed  or  if 
+the  pains  are  dull;  at  the  proper  time  the  tissues  always  do  become  prop- 
+erly and  sufficiently  dilated,  providing  that  parts  are  in  a  normal  state — 
+that  is,  bar  a  stricture  in  the  vagina  or  something  of  that  kind — and  if 
+there  is  any  abnormal  condition  a  warm  bath,  in  my  opinion,  does  more 
+harm  than  good,  by  often  checking  the  pains. 
+
+"  'Sometimes  when  ergot  fails  to  induce  or  stimulate  the  throe — (here 
+is  where  I  mucJi  prefer  to  use  the  Fellows'  Compound  Syrup  of  Hypo- 
+phosphate) — I  irave  applied  with  advantage  to  the  abdomen  an  ice  bag;-  but 
+what  I  fteid  the  best  of  all  when  one  or  two  subcutaneous  injections  of  ergo- 
+tine  have  not  worked  satisfactorily,  is  to  put  the  bitch  in  some  vehicle  and 
+give  her  a  drive,  and  if  nothing  else  will  induce  the  labor  pains  this  will 
+do  so  in  most  cases. 
+
+"  'The  worst  cases  are  those  which  when  the  bitch  is  due  to  pup  and 
+the  parts  become  relaxed,  there  are  no  labor  pains  to  expel  the  fceta.  Ex- 
+amined per  vaginum  no  puppy  can  be  felt  and  no  amount  of  excitement  of 
+the  parts  by  passing  a  cold  instrument  into  the  passage  or  injection  of 
+ergot  will  cause  contraction  of  the  womb.  If  the  patient  seems  all  right 
+it  is  best  to  wait  some  hours,  during  which  time  everything  should  be  done 
+to  try  and  excite  contraction  of  the  parts.  If  the  means  taken  do  not 
+succeed,  then  there  is  nothing  to  be  done  except  the  Csesarean  operation, 
+as  it  is  not  safe  to  attempt  delivery  with  forceps  or  crochet  when  the  pup- 
+pies cannot  be  felt  with  the  finger.' 
+
+"Then  follows  a  description  of  the  Csesarean  operation,  which,  of  course, 
+no  one  but  an  experienced  veterinary  surgeon  should  be  allowed  to  perform; 
+so  it  is  not  necessary  to  give  it  here. 
+
+"Prolapsus  or  inversion  of  the  womb  or  uterus  into  the  vagina  some- 
+times, but  very  rarely,  occurs  during  parturition,  due  to  very  severe  strain- 
+ing, or  as  the  result  of  too  much  force  being  used  to  remove  a  puppy  with 
+forceps  or  by  other  artificial  means.  Care  must  be  taken  in  these  cases 
+not  to  mistake  protrusion  of  the  uterus  with  prolapsus  of  the  vagina,  or  a 
+polypus.  The  latter  may  be  recognized  as  a  solid  pear-shaped  body  with 
+a  narrow  neck,  whilst  a  prolapsed  vagina  is  generally  a  large  solid  oval 
+body  which  almost  fills  the  vaginal  canal  if  it  does  not  protrude  externally; 
+it  has  a  broad  base  and  rises  at  the  back  part  of  the  passage  just  behind 
+the  meatus  or  opening  of  the  bladder.  The  uterus  is  soft,  reducible,  and 
+rough  and  tubular  in  shape,  besides  showing  dark-colored  patches  where 
+the  placentae  have  been  attached. 
+
+"After  the  womb  has  been  cleansed  by  being  sponged  with  a  weak, 
+tepid  solution  of  Condy's  Fluid  or  permanganate  of  potash,  it  should,  if 
+possible,  be  returned  by  gentle  pressure  on  the  fundus  of  the  uterus  with  a 
+piece  of  whalebone  with  the  point  covered  with  sponge;  the  returning  is 
+assisted  if  the  hind  legs  are  raised  in  part  by  the  bitch  being  held  upside 
+down.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to  use  undue  force  or  the  uterus  may  be 
+ruptured.  After  the  return  it  is  a  good  plan  to  inject  a  quantity  of  cold 
+water  into  the  vagina  to  act  as  an  astringent. 
+
+"When  the  protruding  uterus  shows  signs  of  having  been  injured  or 
+is  much  congested,  or  decomposition  has  set  in,  amputation  is  advisable. 
+This  is  best  done  by  drawing  the  part  gently  out  and  applying  a  strong  lig- 
+ature as  high  up  as  possible  and  cutting  off  the  free  portion." 
+
+In  the  June  number  of  the  Kennel  Gazette  (Eng.)  Mr.  Sewell  takes  up 
+the  care  of  the  mother  and  puppies,  and,  judging  from  the  serious  losses 
+which  occur  in  almost  every  kennel  from  carelessness,  or  worse,  kennel 
+managers  cannot  read  the  following  too  carefully,  and  even  the  veterans 
+may  gain  a  wrinkle  or  two: 
+
+"When  the  bitch  has  finished  pupping  she  should  be  made  comfortable 
+by  renewing  her  bedding  and  given  some  warm  milk.  As  to  the  bedding, 
+there  is  nothing  better  than  straw,  laid  straight  across  the  box  and  changed 
+daily.  I  do  not  like  mats  or  cloths  even  for  small  dogs  in  these  cases,  for 
+they  become  so  quickly  foul.  When  the  bitch  has  had  a  large  litter  or 
+has  had  a  bad  time,  it  is  a  good  plan  to  give  the  yolk  of  an  egg,  beaten  up 
+with  milk  and  a  little  brandy;  or,  if  the  bitch  is  inclined  to  vomit,  some  beef 
+tea  or  Bovine — a  small  quantity  every  hour.  This  may  even  be  occasionally 
+given  before  the  bitch  has  finished  having  all  her  puppies,  if  she  appears 
+very  exhausted.  A  few  hours  later  in  ordinary  cases,  when  all  is  going 
+well,  some  thin  oatmeal  gruel,  which  is  the  best  food  for  the  next  two  or 
+three  days,  may  be  given.  When  the  bitch  seems  disinclined  to  take  suf- 
+ficient milk  gruel,  sheep's  head'  broth,  thickened  with  fine  oatmeal,  may 
+be  ordered,  and  even  bread  and  milk  or  gravy.  After  the  third  day,  more 
+.solid  food  may  be  given,  as  crushed  biscuit  or  boiled  rice,  with  sheep's  head 
+broth  and  .the  meat  from  the  bones  added;  also  a  little  fish,  and  if  the 
+bitiJh  is  not  feeding  well,  milk  may  be  given  to  drink  instead  of  water.  As 
+time  goes  on,  especially  when  there  is  a  large  litter,  more  nourishment  is 
+required,  and  the  food  must  be  increased  by  degrees  so  that  the  bitch 
+is  kept  in  fairly  good  condition,  though  of  course  not  made  fat,  or  the 
+secretion  of  milk  may  be  checked  and  the  puppies  will  suffer. 
+
+Some  bitches  are  so  zealous  in  their  care  of  the  puppies,  more  espe- 
+cially at  first,  that  their  health  suffers  in  consequence.  In  such  cases  the 
+dam  must  be  made  to  go  out  to  relieve  herself,  particularly  the  bladder.  I 
+have  seen  very  severe  cases  of  illness  caused  by  the  mother  not  leaving  her 
+puppies,  and  in  two  instances  death  was  the  result  of  the  bladder  becom- 
+ing over-distended  and  not  being  emptied.  The  condition  of  the  bowels 
+also  sometimes  requires  attention,  but,  as  a  rule,  when  the  bitch  has  been 
+allowed  to  follow  her  natural  desires  and  she  has  eaten  the  foetal  mem- 
+branes, the  bowels  are  often  relaxed  in  the  course  of  a  day  or  two,  and  so 
+long  as  it  is  not  severe,  no  notice  may  be  taken  of  it,  but  when  there  is much  purging  it  is  a  good  plan  to  give  a  small  dose  of  castor  oil  to  carry 
+it  off  and  if  after  this  has  worked  off,  very  loose  motions  continue  and 
+are  frequently  passed,  some  carbonate  of  bismuth,  from  five  to  fifteen 
+grains  shaken  dry  on  the  tongue,  may  be  given  three  or  four  times  a  day. 
+In  these  cases  the  milk,  or  broth,  should  be  thickened  with  arrowroot  in- 
+stead of  oatmeal  so  long  as  the  bowels  continue  troublesome. 
+
+After  pupping,  a  bitch  naturally  has  a  great  deal  of  discharge  from 
+the  womb,  which  continues,  as  a  rule,  for  about  a  fortnight,  sometimes  a 
+good  deal  longer.  I  find  it  a  good  plan  when  the  last  puppy  is  born  to 
+syringe  the  uterus  out  with  a  tepid  solution  of  permanganate  of  potash. 
+When  the  discharge  is  very  copious  and  offensive,  it  is  a  good  plan  to  repeat 
+the  syringing  every  day  for  the  first  week;  and  the  coat  surrounding  the 
+passage,  when  the  bitch  does  not  keep  herself  clean,  should  be  washed  oc- 
+casionally with  warm  water  and  carbolic  soap  and  afterwards  carefully 
+dried.  —   *««« 
+
+When  the  discharge  from  the  passage  continues  after  three  weeks, 
+astringent  injections  are  necessary,  as  a  teaspoonful  of  powdered  burnt  alum 
+dissolved  in  a  pint  of  tepid  water  and  repeated  morning  and  evening. 
+
+Occasionally,  after  the  usual  discharge  has  ceased,  a  bitch  will  have 
+a  blood-like  discharge,  the  same  as  is  seen  in  bitches  when  in  oestrum,  and 
+this  may  continue  for  weeks.  It  is  due  to  a  relaxed  condition  of  the  parts, 
+and  when  very  profuse  the  bitch  becomes  much  emaciated  and  weakened. 
+The  alum  injection  should  be  given  and  from  two  to  five  drops  of  witch 
+hazel  bark,  administered  three  times  a  day  in  a  little  water.  When  this 
+does  not  stop  the  discharge,  ergotine,  from  cne-half  to  two  grains,  made 
+into  a  pill,  may  be  given  twice  a  day. 
+
+The  mammary  or  milk  glands  often  require  attention,  more  especially 
+if  all,  or  nearly  ail,  the  puppies  die.  Then  the  milk,  which  often  accumu- 
+lates in  quantities,  becomes,  as  it  were,  caseated,  the  glands  are  swollen, 
+inflamed  and  very  tender  and  abscesses  may  form.  The  same  thing  some- 
+times occurs  when  the  bitch  has  a  large  litter,  in  one  or  more  glands,  the 
+puppies  seeming  to  take  a  dislike  to  the  milk  in  these  parts;  or  perhaps  the 
+parts  are  tender  and  the  bitch  refuses  to  let  the  puppies  suck  there.  Many 
+bitches  who  have  never  been  in  pup,  or  even  served  by  a  dog,  often  have 
+a  large  accumulation  of  milk  about  nine  weeks  after  being  in  heat,  and 
+unless  the  parts  are  carefully  watched  to  see  the  glands  do  not  become 
+swollen  and  hard,  a  good  deal  of  trouble  may  follow,  and  subsequently 
+gradular  tumors  form,   necessitating  an   operation. 
+
+When  the  glands  become  swollen  and  inflamed,  hot  water  fomentations 
+should  be  applied  three  or  four  times  a  day,  and  after  each  fomentation 
+the  glands,  especially  the  hard  lumps,  should  be  rubbed  with  warm  cam- 
+phorated oil,  and  the  milk  drawn  off.  Castor  oil  should  be  given  also 
+every  three  or  four  days.  When  the  bitch  affected  is  rearing  uppies,  it  is 
+necessary  to  wash  the  camphorated  oil  off  with  warm  water  and  soap  before 
+she  is  allowed  to  return  to  the  little  ones. 
+
+.  While  some  bitches  have  too  much  milk,  others  have  none  at  all; 
+the  latter  conditions  may  only  continue  for  a  day  or  two,  but  sometimes 
+it  i&  permanent,  and  though  the  mother  may  be  anxious  to  nurse  the  pup- 
+pies, she  is  unable  to  do  so.  In  such  cases  treatment  is  of  little  use;  a 
+diet  of  oatmeal  gruel  and  boiled  fish  may  be  tried,  and  is  occasionally 
+successful.  In  other  instances  when  this  has  failed,  I  have  found  a  stim- 
+ulating diet  of  lean  raw  meat  of  some  use. 
+
+Bitches  of  a  nervous  disposition,  especially  those  of  the  smaller  breeds 
+of  dogs,  are  occasionally  subject  to  convulsions  when  nursing  puppies. 
+It  is  generally  put  down  to  weeakness,  but  I  do  not  think  this  is  the  cause, 
+for  I  have  seen  these  attacks  occur  when  the  mother  has  been  in  good 
+condition  and  when   only  rearing  two  or  three  puppies. 
+
+The  complaint  is  called  parturient  eclampsia,  and  though  the  symptoms 
+are  very  distressing,  it  is  very  seldom  that  death  occurs  as  a  result.  The 
+only  signs  are  restlessness  and  excitement,  the  bitch  keeps  leaving  her 
+puppies  and  walks  about  panting.  Presently  she  falls  over  on  her  side, 
+the  whole  body  being  convulsed,  looking  very  much  like  an  animal  which has  been  poisoned  with  strychnine.  The  legs  are  stretched-  out  and  rigid, 
+the  tail  is  often  curled  tightly  over  the  back  and  the  head  is  drawn  back. 
+The  mouth  is  generally  kept  wide  open,  the  dog  panting  violently,  but 
+there  is  no  loss  of  consciousness. 
+
+With  respect  to  treatment,  it  is  seldom  medicine  can  be  given  by  the 
+mouth  in  these  cases,  but  when  it  is  possible,  a  large  dose  of  bromide  of 
+potassium — say  one  scruple  for  a  bitch  the  size  of  a  fox  terrier,  in  a  table- 
+spoonful  of  water,  should  be  given.  Great  care  must  be  used  in  giving 
+the  liquid,  or  the  patient  will  be  choked.  The  bromide  may  be  repeated 
+in  an  hour.  When  it  is  impossible  to  give  the  medicine  by  the  mouth,  an 
+enema,  containing  hydrated  chloral  should  be  used.  The  dose  for  a  dog 
+the  size  of  a  fox  terrier,  in  an  urgent  case  like  this,  should  be  half  a  dram 
+dissolved  in  about  four  tablespoonfuls  of  warm  water  and  given  when  tepid. 
+
+Smaller  dogs — say  spaniels  and  Yorkshire  terriers — may  have  a  scru- 
+ple of  chloral  dissolved,  of  course  in  less  water.  When  the  attack  has 
+passed  off,  to  prevent  a  recurence  it  is  advisable  to  give  a  course  of  bromide 
+— say  from  three  to  five  grains  for  dogs  the  size  of  toy  spaniels  and  fox 
+terriers  in  a  little  water  three  or  four  times  a  day,  and  feed  on.  a  light 
+diet,  as  bread  and  milk,  or  the  latter  thickened  with  Genger's  food. 
+
+If  the  convulsions  do  return  the  puppies  ought  to  be  weaned  and 
+means  taken  to  disperse  the  milk.  Trouble  sometimes  occurs  in  doing  this 
+even  when  the  puppies  have  been  gradually  weaned,  and  such  is  particu- 
+larly the  case  when  bitches  have  milk  without  having  puppies.  Aperient 
+medicines  should  always  be  given,  castor  oil  being  the  best.  A  full  dose 
+should  be  administered  about  every  four  days.  The  glands  should  be  rub- 
+bed twice  a  day  with  camphorated  spirits,  or  the  balsam  of  Peru  ointment. 
+What  suits  one  dog  does  not  always  suit  another,  therefore  when  the  milk 
+does  not  seem  to  be  dispersing  as  quickly  as  it  should,  other  external  rem- 
+edies may  be  tried,  as  rubbing  the  glands  with  whisky  or  brandy,  or  even 
+eau-de-cologne,  and  I  have  often  had  good  success  by  dabbing  the  glands 
+frequently  with   the   following  simple  lotion   applied   cold : 
+
+Recipe. — Methylated  spirits  (wood  alcohol)  one  ounce;  cold  water  eight 
+ounces. 
+
+The  milk,  unless  it  is  secreted  in  very  large  quantitiesV-'and  is  caus- 
+ing pain,  or  is  becoming  hard,  should  not  be  drawn  off,  as  to  do  so  only 
+stimulates  the  secretion.  Sometimes  these  cases  are  extreme-ly  obstinate 
+and  will  last  five  or  six  weeks,  or  even  longer.  In  such  Iiista'ricies,  iodide  of 
+soda  is  useful  in  closes  from  half  to  two  grains,  according  to  the  size  of 
+the  bitch,  given  in  a  little  water,  and  repeated  twice  daily;  •  The  diet  in 
+these  cases  should  be  light  and  of  a  stimulating  character,  as  bread  and 
+milk,   dry  biscuits,  milk  pudding,  etc." 
+
+One  never  knows  when  some  untoward  circumstance  will  arise  in 
+parturition.  Pups  come  the  wrong  way,  are  too  large,,  or  something  or  other 
+happens  that  nonplusses  even  the  best  of  us  sometimes. 
+
+A  bitch  should  be  made  to  come  out  to  empty,  herself,  if  only  for  a 
+few  moments  on  the  first  day,  or  if  she  whelps  at  night,  then  on  the  next 
+day,  as  many  bitches  through  strong  maternal  instinct,  love  for  their  pup- 
+pies, and  through  fear  that  some  harm  may  befall  her  children,  will  often 
+"hold  in"  and  damage  result  from  no  relief  to  the  kidneys  or  stomach. 
+
+The  following  is  copied  from  the  American  Field,  and-is  valuable  on 
+this  subject: 
+
+"Bitches  at  such  times  often  become  a  little  distressed,  when  their 
+labor  is  at  hand,  and  will  crawl  or  creep  into  any  hole  or  corner  in  order 
+to  seek  relief,  and  will  sometimes  whelp  in  the  most  unsuitable  places — ■ 
+on  a  cold  floor,  for  instance.  The  bench  should  be  protected  on  all  sides, 
+so  that  the  puppies  are  not  subject  to  the  danger  of  being  thrown  "over- 
+board," and  the  bench  should  not  be  too  large,  for  fear  of  the  puppies 
+getting  pushed  away  from  their  dam  and  getting  cold,  before  they  are 
+properly  dry.     Dry,  clean  wheat  straw  makes  the  best  bedding. 
+
+"The  latter  contingency  is  one  that  frequently  happens.  While  the 
+earlier  puppies  are  yet  moist  they  are  pushed  away  from  their  dam  in 
+her   efforts   to   give   birth   to    succeeding   puppies,    cold    strikes   into    their 
+tender  little  system,  they  gradually  lose  the  vigor  which  Nature  has  given 
+them  to  aid  them  in  securing  the  dam's  teats,  and  drawing  from  them 
+their  natural  sustenance,  they  whine,  and  gradually  pine  away  and  die, 
+to  the  consternation  and  dismay  of  an  anxious  and  expectant  owner. 
+
+"Some  breeders,  in  order  to  avert  the  possibility  of  what  we  have 
+just  described,  take  away  the  puppies  as  they  are  born  into  a  kitchen, 
+saddle  room  or  other  place,  in  which  there  is  a  fire  to  dry  them,  putting 
+them  back  when  the  bitch  has  either  finished  whelping,  or  at  intervals  of 
+rest  from  her  labor. 
+
+"A  bitch,  shortly  before  she  is  due  to  whelp  and  afterward,  should  be 
+kept  upon  sloppy  food  rather,  such  as  porridge  and  milk,  bread  and  milk, 
+hound  meal  soaked  in  sheep's  head  broth,  etc.  While  whelping  she  should 
+simply  be  given  some  warm  milk.  The  bitch  should  be  allowed  out  Tor 
+a  short  run  of  a  few  minutes  on  the  second  day,  the  duration  of  which 
+may  be  increased  each  day. 
+
+"The  secret  of  success  in  rearing  puppies  is  fresh  air,  pure  water, 
+free  and  unrestrained  exercise,  good  food,  given  often  and  a  little  at  a 
+time,  access  to  grass,  and  a  dry,  warm  bed  at  night.  The  fewer  puppies 
+are  kept  in  kennels  the  better,  and  the  more  the  foregoing  table  of  hygiene 
+can  be  observed  the  better  will  puppies  come  on." 
+
+Especially  should  the  puppy  quarters  be  kept  sweet  and  clean,  for 
+a  dozen  flies  will  take  more  out  of  suckling  puppies  than  a  night's  rest 
+will  put  back.  Here  is  where  a  cool  cellar  or  other  darkened  building  will 
+be  found  almost  imperative  when  the  mercury  is  trying  to  do  a  century. 
+The  brooding  quarters  should  be  kept  cool  and  in  semi-gloom,  and  more 
+than  ordinary  attention  should  be  paid  to  cleanliness  of  the  bedding  so  as 
+not  to  attract  flies.  Next  to  worms  there  is  nothing  more  irritating  and 
+calculated  to  retard  a  puppy's  well  doing  than  flies. 

everything_about_dogs_distemper.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,1232 @@
+
+
+Distemper. — This  disease  trouble  breeders  more  and  causes  more  deaths 
+than  anything  else,  except  perhaps  worm.  It  is  the  hardest  subject  I  have 
+to  handle  in  this  book,  and  as  too  much  information  on  this  dreaded  dis- 
+ease we  cannct  know,  I  have  secured  for  this  article  about  all  I  could  get. 
+Read  and  study  up  this  subject  before  distemper  appears,  so  as  to  be  then 
+prepared  to  attend  to  it  when  your  dogs  are  so' unfortunate  as  to  have  it. 
+It  is  not  a  foregone  conclusion  that  a  dog  must  die,  because  he  has  dis- 
+temper; I  have  had  many  dogs  get  it  and  get  well,  and  I  now  have  dogs 
+in  my  kennel  that  got  safely  over  it,  and-  these  same  dogs  afterwards  ex- 
+posed to  it  several-  times  and  did  not  again  have  it.  As  to  this,  I  believe 
+that  it  does  not  necessarily  follow  that  a  grown  dog  will  have  it  the  second 
+time,  if  exposed,  any  more  than  a  man  is  in  danger  of  getting  smallpox 
+after  having  passed  safely  through  it.  Lately  I  had  two  cases  of  distemper 
+in  my  kennel,  one  being  a  boarder,  a  Cocker  spaniel,  and  the  other,  one 
+of  my  own  poodles,  both  young  dogs  of  six  months.  Unfortunately  both 
+cases  proved  fatal,  but  I  checked  it  up  here  and  not  another  one  of  the 
+fifty  other  dogs  in  the  kennel  had  it  at  all,  which  was  indeed  lucky,  as  it 
+was  impossible  to  prevent  most  of  them  from  exposure  at  the  first  stages 
+of  the  disease  when  these  two  were  taken  down  with  it.  What  I  did  do, 
+however,  was  to  immediately  take  steps  to  prevent,  especially  the  young- 
+er dogs  from  getting  it.  This  I  did  by  at  once  isolating  the  ones  that  had 
+It,  thoroughly  disinfecting  all  kennels,  destroying  the  bedding  that  had  been 
+see  how  they  ate,  and  condition  of  passages,  and  am  glad  to  say  that  this 
+time  I  confined  it  to  the  two  that  died. 
+
+It  is  a  wise  plan  to  have  this  remedy  on  hand,  so  that  when  distemper 
+used,  and  then  putting  every  dOg  that  had  been  exposed  on  either  Clayton's 
+few  clays,  watching  every  dog  for  any  signs  of  distemper  coming,  also  as  to 
+Distemperine,  which  has  been  my  standby  for  years.  This  I  kept  up  for  a 
+comes,  you  can  go  to  work  on  the  dog  at  once,  and  not  make  it  worse  by 
+having  to  wait  till  you  can  get  the  remedy.  Since  writing  my  first  book 
+I  have  used  the  "Onion  Remedy"  of  my  friend,  William  Saxby,  the  Beagle 
+breeder  of  Ilion,  N.  Y.  This,  in  addition  to  other  treatment,  and  with  good 
+results,  as  it  can  do  no  harm  and  will  surely  do  good.  It  is  called  the 
+"Home   Made  Distemper   Cure,"   and   was   published   in   all   the  dog   papers: 
+
+Slice  a  sound  raw  onion  (the  stronger  the  better)  and  put  into  a 
+stocking  leg  and  with  safety  pins  fasten  around  the  dog's  neck,  with  the 
+onions  under  the  chin.  This  will  cause  the  discharge  to  be  watery;  renew 
+often  enough  to  keep  it  watery  (say  every  other  day)  and  with  careful 
+nursing  you  will  be  surprised  at  your  success. 
+
+How  to  diet  a  clog  during  distemper  is  a  question  to  which  the  answer 
+must  vary  according  to  the  circumstances  of  the  case.  It  goes  without 
+say  ng,  however,  that  in  all  cases  srd'd  meat  must  be  tabooed — anything 
+likely  to  raise  the  temperature  being  highly  unsuitable.  If  the  dog  is 
+purged  violently,  milk,  with  a  small  percentage  of  l-'me  water  added,  would 
+be  good,  as  would  also  port  wine  beaten  up  with  egg.  As  a  general  rule 
+tbe  safest  plan  is  to  dispense  with  solids  altogether,  and  feed  on  gruels, 
+broths,  beef  tea,  etc.,  remembering  that,  as  with  a  human  invalid  so  with  a 
+canine,  it  is  equally  of  importance  to  p  ovide  only  light,  easily-digested 
+nourishment,  since  the  stomach  is  affected  with  the  rest  of  the  body,  and 
+what  it  could  easily  assimilate  during  health,  it  has  no  means  of  dealing 
+with  during  sickness. 
+
+Dog  biscuits  and  all  farinaceous  solids  are  to  be  avoided  now.     A  little 
+
+
+gruel  made  with  fine  Oatmeal  and  boiling  milk  will  usually  be  taken,  espe- 
+cially if  not  too  thick.  Again,  though  we  dispense  with  meat,  gravy  may 
+be  offered  and  soup  made  by  boiling  bones.  As  the  animal  regains  his 
+strength  meat  may  be  recommended,  by  slow  degrees,  but  it  should  be 
+thoroughly  cooked,  and  it  might  also  be  minced  with  advantage,  as  the 
+dog,  even   in  sickness,  is  prone  to  his  natural  habit  of   "bolting"   food. 
+
+Another  excellent  food  we  have  found  for  invalid  dogs  is  the  family 
+rice  pudding — rice  baked  with  milk.  A  dog  will  generally  accept  this  and 
+it  forms  both  a  satisfying  and  nutritious  meal. 
+
+Keeping  them  eating  is  the  great  trouble — and  eat  they  must,  in  order 
+to  sustain  sufficient  strength  to  get  through  this  trying  ordeal.  When  the 
+dog  quits  eating  and  refuses  food,  try  and  coax  him  to  eat  by  getting  and 
+cooking  him  something  new  and  delicate  that  he  has  not  been  used  to 
+getting  ordinarily.  I  have  often  gone  out  and  bought  a  quail,  or  some 
+delicacy  like  this,  and  he  would  eat  it  when  he  had  refused  everything  else. 
+Gravy  made  with  flour  in  it,  from  stewed  chicken  giblets,  they  will  often  eat. 
+It  requires  patience  on  the  owner's  part  and  too  much  care  and  kind- 
+ness can  hardly  be  exercised,  as  they  materially  help  and  encourage  the 
+dog  to  pull  through.  Some  dogs  give  up  much  easier  than  others,  for  a 
+dog  with  distemper  is  a  very  sick  dog,  and  here  is  where  you  can  do 
+them  a  lot  of  good  in  keeping  up  their  courage  by  the  attention  you  bestow 
+on  them.  The  after  results  of  distemper  are  numerous  and  much  to  be 
+dreaded,  especially  in  cases  that  have  not  been  promptly  treated.  Chorea 
+is  the  worst  of  all  and  so  frequently  follows  distemper. 
+
+Now,  as  an  after  medicine  to  build  the  dog  up,  Eberhart's  Tonic  Pills 
+will  work  wonders.  By  this  I  mean  after  your  dog  is  over  distemper, 
+yet  weak  and  very  much  run  down.  I  invariably  keep  my  dogs  on  these 
+pills  for  a  few  weeks  until  they  are  again  themselves,  and  look  and  act 
+like  well  dogs. 
+
+Distemper  is  not  necessarily  fatal  if  proper  care  and  treatment  is  given, 
+and  when  I  have  discovered  it  in  my  kennels,  I  do  not  give  up  and  think 
+they  will  die,  but  I  go  to  work  at  the  first  signs  and  try,  and  expect  to  save 
+them.  The  careful  nursing  and  attention  is  highly  important,  and  as  to 
+this,  every  authority  on  the  subject  will  agree.  The  dog  has  to  go  through 
+a  regular  siege  and  cannot  be  cured  in  a  few  days  by  any  medicine,  and 
+too  much  medicine  would  be  even  worse  than  none  at  all — here  is  where 
+the  good  nursing  comes  in.  If  you  do  this  part  all  right  and  can  keep 
+the  dog  eating  enough  of  the  proper  food  to  keep  its  strength  up,  and  the 
+surroundings  and  care  are  all  properly  looked  after,  the  dog  need  not  die. 
+
+There  is  another  important  point,  and  that  is  in  regard  to  a  dog's  bed- 
+ding. The  more  frequently  this  can  be  .changed  during  sickness  the  better. 
+When  I  have  taken  a  lot  of  dogs  to  a  bench  show,  my  own  and  others, 
+especially  if  I  knew  they  had  never  had  distemper,  I  have  always  made 
+it  a  rule  to  give  these  dogs  either  one  or  the  other  of  these  remedies  during 
+the  show,  and  for  a  few  days  after,  as  a  safeguard  against  their  contracting 
+distemper  at  the  show,  and  with  only  one  exception  in  many  years  of 
+exhibiting,  I  have  never  lost  a  dog  from  its  being  at  a  show.  I  believe, 
+if  this  was  made  a  practice  by  all  exhibitors  at  dog  shows,  that  we  would 
+not  hear  of  so  many  cases  of  distemper  as  an  after-result  of  exhibiting. 
+
+The  following  article  on  this  disease  was  written  by  Wm.  A.  Bruette, 
+D.  V.  S.,  ("Dent."),  the  well-  known  veterinary  surgeon  of  Chicago.  It 
+is  a  very  complete  and  comprehensive  treatise  on  the  subject  by  a  man 
+who  has  had  experience  with  dogs  for  years,  and  who,  besides  being  a 
+qualified  veterinarian,  is  also  a  gradute  in  human  practice  and  is  consid- 
+ered  reliable  authority  by  many  dog  fanciers: 
+
+"Distemper.  (By  Dent.)  Of  the  various  diseases  that  dogdom  is 
+heir  to  distemper  is  the  one  particular  black  cloud  to  the  breeder,  as  its 
+ravages  are  greater  among  the  finely  bred  dogs  kept  in  large  kennels,  or  as 
+pets,  whose  systems  are  weakened  by  in-and-in  breeding,  or  the  highly 
+artificial  life  they  are  forced  to  lead.  Dogs  of  low  degree  are  susceptible 
+to  the  malady,  but  rarely  succumb.  The  common  cur  when  attacked  re- 
+tires for  a  few  days  under  the  first  available  house  or  porch,  to  reappear 
+
+
+perhaps  a  little  thinner  and  more  careworn,  but  with  his  usual  indepen- 
+dence and   aggressiveness. 
+
+"The  disease  has  been  compared  to  typhoid  fever  in  man,  but  I  can 
+see  but  little  analogy  between  them.  Distemper  is  an  infantile  disorder; 
+typhoid  fever  is  not.  The  diseases  are  communicated  in  an  entirely  dif- 
+ferent manner.  The  characteristic  lesion  of  typhoid  fever  is  a  congestion 
+and  tumefaction  of  Pyer's  patches  (i.  e.,  small  collections  of  intestinal 
+glands).  In  distemper  the  mucous  membrane  lining  the  bowels,  when 
+the  alimentary  tract  is  the  seat  of  the  action  of  the  virus,  may  be  ulcerated 
+along  its  entire  course,"  but  the  patches  of  Pyer  are  not  particularly  affected 
+and  never  display  those  lesions  so  characteristic  of  typhoid. 
+
+"Of  the  various  diseases  man  is  subject  to,  measles  most  closely  re- 
+sembles distemper  in  dogs.  Both  are  infectious  infantile  disorders  trans- 
+mitted through  similar  channels,  and  one  attack  successfully  overcome 
+renders  immunity  from  a  second  through  the  course  of  the  animal's  life, 
+with  but  a  few  exceptions.  Catarrhal  symptoms,  pulmonary  complications 
+and  dysentery  are  common  to  both;  convulsions  also  appear  in  both  measles 
+and  distemper;  and  finally  the  principal  characteristic  of  measles,  viz:  the 
+rash,  which  develops  on  the  face  coincident  with  the  disease,  spreading 
+in  twenty-four  hours  to  all  parts  of  the  body,  resembles  the  rash  and 
+pinkish  prickly  condition  of  the  skin  noticeable  in  some  cases  of  distemper 
+in  the  first  stages,  and  the  pimples  that  break  out  along  the  back  and 
+under  the  belly  and  thighs,  and  the  dandruff  and  desquamation  of  the 
+cuticle  in  the  latter  stages  of  distemper. 
+
+"The  cause  of  distemper  has  been  and  is  a  subject  that  has  been  dis- 
+cussed and  disagreed  upon  by  authorities  and  breeders  of  experience  in  a 
+very  interesting  manner.  Some  hold  to  the  opinion  that  it  may  arise 
+spontaneously,  or  as  a  result  of  damp,  cold,  poorly  ventilated  kennels, 
+defective  drainage,  exposure,  general  neglect,  improper  putrescent  food 
+and  other  anti-hygienic  conditions.  More  modern  writers  hold  tenaciously 
+to  the  germ  theory,  discarding  altogether  and  scoffing  at  the  theory  of 
+spontaneity  as  being  based  solely  upon  negative  evidence  and  insist  that  the 
+disease  arises  and  exists  solely  as  a  result  of  infection  of  the  system  by 
+the  specific  virus  or  contagion  of  distemper,  and  claim  the  earlier  ideas 
+of  spontaneous  origin  are  based  solely  upon  failure  to  account  for  the 
+disease  by  infection,  and  to  observe  and  appreciate  the  remarkable  vitality 
+of  the  germ  and  the  ease  and  innumerable  channels  by  which  it  can  be 
+transmitted  from  an  infected  animal  to  one  that  was  to  all  intents  com- 
+pletely isolated. 
+
+"In  the  face  of  recent  scientific  investigation  and  discoveries,  and  in 
+a  disease  so  specifically  contagious  as  distemper,  it  is  impossible  to  discard 
+the  germ  theory.  The  distinctive  microbe  which  causes  the  disease — pro- 
+bably a  bacillus — has  not  been  isolated;  but  the  virus  has  been  cultivated, 
+and  in  the  seventh  generation  will  produce  the  disease  when  inoculated 
+in  dogs,  and  still  further  attenuations  of  the  virus  will  produce  the  disease 
+in  a  mild  form  which  affords  the  animal  protection  from  future  attacks. 
+These  experiments,  while  not  successful  in  all  ways,  point  conclusively  to 
+the  fact  that  it  is  only  a  question  of  time  when  this  disease  will  be  as 
+successfully   inoculated   against   as   smallpox   is   in   the   human   family. 
+
+"Most  dog  breeders  are  firm  in  the  conviction  that  they  have  had  cases 
+arise  spontaneously,  and  the  rapid  dissemination  the  disease  works  under 
+anti-hygenic  surroundings  will,  as  a  more  intimate  knowledge  of  the  life 
+and  manner  in  which  specific  disease  producing  micro-organisms  operate, 
+entitle  hygienic  surroundings,  such  as  food,  light  and  air,  to  an  equal 
+footing  with  the  morbid  poison  so  far  as  the  severity  or  mortality  of  the 
+disease   is   concerned. 
+
+"Germs  and  microbes  of  various  kinds,  capable  of  producing  specific 
+diseases,  are  found  everywhere  in  earth,  air  and  water.  All  animals  swal- 
+low them  in  their  food,  breathe  them  into  their  lungs  in  countless  num- 
+bers, and  the  body  is  at  all  times  in  contact  with  them,  nevertheless  they 
+produce  no  disturbance  of  the  system.  In  experiments  microbes  introduced 
+Into   the   blood   of   healthy   animal*   were   Inactive,   whereas   if   the   same 
+
+
+
+an'mal  became  impoverished  and  weakened  through  foul  air,  impure  food 
+or  water,  or  defective  elimination,  the  blood  became  impure  or  loaded 
+with  decomposed  matter;  and  an  appropriate  pabulum  was  created  in 
+which  the  germs  lived,  multiplied  and  set  up  their  specific  morbid  action 
+to  the  detr.ment  and  possible  destruction  of  the  economy.  The  natural 
+ccnclus  en  is  that  while  the  specific  germ  is  necessary  for  the  production 
+of  a  specific  disease,  it  is  equally  essential  that  the  system  be  in  such  a 
+condition  as  to  afford  a  proper  pabulum  for  the  reproduction,  which  is 
+necessary  for  its  specific  action,  otherwise  it  would  be  overcome  by  the 
+economy  and  eliminated  from  the  system;  just  as  grains  of  wheat  reproduce 
+ihemseives  and  are  potent  under  proper  conditions  of  earth,  air,  water  and 
+heat,  or  are  inert  and  disintegrate  when  thier  surroundings  are  unsuitable. 
+"Germs  do  not  at  all  times  attack  the  same  organs  and  membranes. 
+But  the  discharge  from  the  particular  set  affected  contains  the  virus  in  its 
+most  concentrated  form.  This  accounts  for  the  dread  breeders  have  formed, 
+through  experience,  of  the  nasal  discharges  of  an  affected  animal,  and  for 
+the  v'gorous  objection  frequently  raised  at  a  dog  show  by  some  veteran 
+owner  who  has  observed  a  careless  attendant  allowing  the  dogs  to  drink 
+from  a  bucket  he  is  carrying  from  stall  to  stall  instead  of  filling  the  dogs' 
+pans.  * 
+
+"Distemper  is  not  transmissible  to  man,  but  is  to  cats,  wolves,  foxes, 
+jackals,  hyenas  and  monkeys;  and  as  is  the  case  in  many  highly  conta- 
+gious diseases,  one  attack  successfully  overcome  with  but  few  exceptions 
+renders  immunity  from  a  second  attack  of  the  malady.  One  of  the  theo- 
+ries advanced  as  an  explanation  of  this  fact  is  that  in  contagious  diseases 
+the  specific  poison  combines  with  some  chemical  constituent  of  the  sys- 
+tem which  is  essent'al  to  the  production  of  the  disease,  and  that  after 
+tlrs  constituent  has  been  destroyed — as  it  will  be  through  combining  with 
+the  germ- — and  the  animal  has  recovered  It  is  impossible  for  the  germ  to 
+produce  system'c  disturbances  again  because  the  constituent  necessary  for 
+its  combination   is  absent  from  the  system. 
+
+"There  are  innumerable  channels  through  which  a  dog  may  be  infected 
+with  distemper.  The  germ  is  of  remarkable  vitality,  and  is  conveyed 
+through  the  air  or  on  a  person's  clothes,  or  a  dog  which  has  already  had 
+the  disease  can  convey  the  germ  in  its  coat  from  a  sick  dog  to  a  well  one. 
+The  use  of  kennels,  feeding  dishes,  or  shipping  crates  that  have  been 
+previously  used  by  an  affected  animal  are  common  modes  of  inoculation. 
+Dog  shows  are  a  fertile  source  of  the  spread  of  the  disease,  and  no  matter 
+how  carefully  the  portable  benching  has  been  cleaned  and  disinfected  it  is 
+always  more  or  less  a  conveyance  for  the  germs  that  produce  the  disease. 
+"The  popular  fallacy  of  a  meat  diet  being  productive  of  distemper 
+is  entirely  at  variance  with  all  scientific  knowledge,  as  all  carnivorous 
+animals  are  markedly  free  from  specific  germ   diseases. 
+
+"The  morbid  poison  of  distemper  attacks  dogs  in  different  ways,'  but 
+breeders  and  pract;ticners  as  a  rule  recognize  as  typical  only  those  cases 
+in  wh'ch  the  virus  affects  the  mucous  membranes  of  the  eyes  and  nasal 
+passage  and  produces  a  catarrhal  discharge.  In  some  cases  the  intestinal 
+tract  is  the  particu'ar  field  upon  which  the  virus  exerts  itself;  or  the 
+liver  mav  be  affected,  or  the  bronchial  tubes."  But  the  action  of  the  virus 
+that  i?  least  understood,  and  the  symptoms  most  commonly  ascribed  to 
+some  other  cause,  is  when  it  is  concentrated  upon  the  brain  and  ner- 
+vous system,  the  animal  dying  from  collapse  without  any  premonitory 
+s  mptoms  or  developing  epileptic  spasms  and  convulsions,  and  other 
+symptoms  that  the  breeder  ascribes  to  worms;  and  the  puppy  is  dosed 
+accord  ngly.  I  have  lnd  such  cases  in  my  own  experience  as  a  breeder, 
+a  d  mv  attention  has  been  frequently  called  to  this  condition  of  things 
+bv  others  whose  puppies  have  died  in  from  a  few  hours  to  a  week  with 
+all  th?  svmptoms  of  worm-fits,  careful  dissection,  however,  failing  to  reveal 
+th  presence  of  th<*se  pests  or  any  other  exciting  cause;  and  distemper, 
+from  an  absence  of  all  catarrhal  and  febril  symptoms,  would  be  the  last 
+thing  thought  of. 
+
+"An  attack  of  distemper  of  the  ordinary  catarrhal  form  is  usually  pre- 
+
+
+ceded  by  listlessness  and  loss  of  appetite;  the  animal  avoids  the  light 
+and  courts  solitude;  all  the  symptoms  of  a  common  cold  will  then  mani- 
+fest themselves  rapidly,  as  sneezing,  a  dry  husky  cough  and  a  watery 
+discharge  from  the  eyes  and  nose;  the  animal  shivers,  seeks  warmth  and 
+is  feverish,  the  pulse  rang.ng  from  one  hundred  and  twenty  to  one  hundred 
+and  fifty  beats  per  minute;  the  nose  is  hot  and  dry,  the  lining  of  the 
+eye  reddened,  and  the  small  veins  that  radiate  through  the  white  portion 
+are  injected  with  blood;  the  tongue  is  coated,  the  secretion  of  saliva  is  dim  n- 
+ished,  thiist  is  excessive,  food  is  rejected  and  prostiation  is  well  marked 
+and  so  rapid  that  at  the  end  of  a  week  the  dog  can  hardly  stand;  the  bowels 
+are  irregular;  in  the  early  stages  of  the  disease  there  is  a  tendency  to  con- 
+stipation, but  the  matter  in  the  intestines-  through  failure  to  digest  sets 
+up  an  irritation,  and  the  discharges  are  more  frequent  and  looser  than  in 
+health,  and  the  feces  are  dark  colored  and  fetid.  The  discharges  from  the 
+eyes  and  nose  become  purulent,  the  nostrils  are  covered,  with  a  glassy, 
+yellowish  fluid,  the  cough  increases  in  frequency,  the  bronchial  tubes  fill 
+with  mucus,  which  is  coughed  up,  giving  temporary  relief;  the  animal  vomits 
+frothy  yellow  matter  and  is  unable  to  retain  food  upon  the  stomach;  the 
+eyelids  become  glued  together,  resulting  in  blinding  the  patient;  breathing 
+is  obstructed  by  matter  in  the  nostrils;  the  breath  becomes  fetid  and  has  a 
+smell  that  is  peculiar  to  the  disease;  the  lips  are  covered  with  ulcers,  and 
+the  animal  either  becomes  weaker  and  weaker  and  finally  succumbs,  or  at 
+the  end  of  twelve  or  fourteen  days  the  symptoms  mentioned  above  abate 
+in  intensity  and  the  animal  slowly  retails  its  strength.  Complications, 
+however,  frequently  develop  early  in  the  disease,  and  result  in  the  death 
+of  the  animal. 
+
+"One  of  the  complications  of  distemper  is  pneumonia,  or  inflammation 
+of  the  lungs,  brought  on  by  exposure  to  cold  or  by  a  weakened  heart  action. 
+The  animal  will  not  lie  down,  but  assumes  a  sitting  position  with  the  fore- 
+legs braced  and  separated,  the  head  hangs  heavily,  breathing  is  labored, 
+lapid  and  heavy,  and  upon  application  of  the  ear  to  the  chest,  a  dry  cracking 
+sound  will  be  heard  similar  to  that  made  when  walking  upon  dry  snow 
+with   a   clean   boot. 
+
+"Epileptic  fits  are  another  complication,  These  as  a  rule  come  on 
+suddenly.  There  is  a  slight  quivering  of  the  muscles  of  the  face,  and 
+an  anxious  look  around,  a  few  staggering  steps,  and  the  animal  falls  upon 
+its  side  and  loses  consciousness;  the  face  becomes  distorted,  the  limbs 
+work  violently,  and  there  is  a  continued  champing  of  the  jaws  as  well 
+fts  a  frothy  mucus  coming  from  the  mouth;  the  head,  limbs  and  body 
+jerk  violently,  the  convulsions  gradually  become  less  and  less,  though 
+sometimes  the  animal  comes  out  of  them  suddenly  and  appears  dazed  and 
+scared,  and  will  attempt,  to  hide  in  some  out  of  the  way  place. 
+
+"Vomiting  and  purging  are  prominent  complications,  and  sometimes 
+there  is  true  dysentery  in  which  the  feces  are  streaked  with  blood. 
+
+"In  summing  up  this  disease  and  arriving  at  a  proper  treatment  we 
+must  be  rn'ndful  of  the  fact  that  all  the  symptoms  of  the  disease  are  the 
+direct  results  of  a  morbid  virus  existing  in  the  system,  and  that  the  course 
+it  runs,  although  indefinite,  is  nevertheless  certain,  and  the  a'm  should 
+be  directed  not  only  at  the  disease,  but  at  sustaining  the  system  so  as  to 
+enable  it  to  withstand  the  debilitating  effects  of  the  virus  and  the  febrile 
+condition  it  gives  rise  to.  The  promiscuous  administrations  of  exhaust- 
+ing and  dangerous  medicines,  such  as  many  dog  owners  and  veterinar- 
+ians are  to  indulge  in,  cannot  be  too  highly  condemned. 
+
+"Warm  quarters,  good  care  and  nursing  are  the  prime  factors  in  the 
+successful  treatment  of  this  disease.  Judicious  medical  treatment  is  of 
+unquestionable  service  in  hold'ng  the  disease  in  check,  a'laviating  alarm- 
+ing symptoms,  preventing  destructive  complication  and  hastening  convales- 
+cence. But  no  matter  how  skillfully  applied  it  will  be  without  ava;l  if 
+the  nursing  and  attendance  are  neglected,  whereas,  many  dogs,  properly 
+cared  for,  make  nice  recoveries  without  medical  assistance.  Place  the 
+patient  in  warm,  comfortable  quarters,  absolutely  free  from  drafts;  see 
+that  his  bedding  is  changed,  daily,  and  all  discharge  from  the  nose  and 
+
+
+eyes  sponged  away  as  gently  as  possible  with  warm  water,  bo  as  not  to 
+disturb  the  patient.  The  food  offered  should  be  highly  nutritious  and 
+easily  digestible,  such  as  beef  tea  or  mutton  broth  thickened  with  rice  or 
+well  boiled  oatmeal.  The  feeding  dishes  and  drinking  pans  must  be 
+scrupulously  clean,  as  dirty  pans  will  nauseate  a  sick  animal  and  destroy 
+what  little  appetite  it  may  have.  Scraped  raw  beef  is  very  nutritious 
+and  can  be  mixed  with  gelatine;  a  dog  will  frequently  eat  this  when  it 
+will  refuse  everything  else.  "When  the  appetite  fails  altogether  and  the 
+animal  refuses  to  eat,  food  must  be  forced  down  its  throat  at  least  four 
+times  a  day.  For  this  use  beef  extracts  or  beef  tea  with  the  addition  of  a 
+raw  egg,  a  cupful  at  a  time  four  times  a  day  for  a  fifty-pound  dog;  and 
+if  that  quantity  irritates  the  stomach  it  must  be  divided  and  given  oftener. 
+If  the  patient  becomes  very  weak  a  little  sherry  or  brandy  must  be  given 
+in  milk  punches  to  keep  up  the  general  strength. 
+
+"In  the  first  stage  of  the  disease  the  bowels  are  generally  irregular, 
+due  to  the  accumulation  of  undigested  matter  in  the  intestines;  it  is  ad- 
+visable to  move  this  by  a  dose  of  castor  oil,  varying  in  quantiy  from  a  tea- 
+spoonful  for  a  small  dog  to  an  ounce  and  a  half  for  a  large  dog. 
+
+"After  this  has  operated  the  most  useful  drug  I  have  found  for  rati- 
+fying the  system  against  the  ravages  of  the  poison  and  checking  what 
+would  otherwise  be  a  severe  attack  is  hyposulphite  of  soda.  The  particular 
+property  of  this  drug  either  within  or  without  the  system  is  to  destroy  fer- 
+ments and  bacteria,  and  experiments  have  conclusively  proven  its  benefits 
+in  all  diseases  where  morbid  poisons  are  at  work.  Blood  drawn  from  dogs 
+that  have  been  given  thirty  grains  a  day  for  five  days  kept  fresh  for  three 
+weeks;  the  blood  of  dogs  similarly  treated  with  the  exception  of  not  having 
+the  sulphate  became  putrid  in  three  or  four  days.  Dogs  that  had  re- 
+ceived the  sulphite  in  thirty  grain  dosps  with  their  food  for  five  days  and 
+were  then  injected  with  fetid  pus  or  the  purulent  discharge  from  a  glan- 
+dered  horse  reeled,  tottered,  and  were  unable  to  walk  for  a  few  hours, 
+but  at  the  end  of  five  davs  recovered  their  health  and  appetite,  the  wound 
+where  the  injection  had  been  made  healing  nicely.  Dogs  treated  similarly 
+in  every  way  with  the  exception  of  not  having  previously  received  the 
+hyposulphite  died  in  from  the  fourth  to  the  sixth  day  with  a  purulent  dis- 
+charge from  the  eyes  and  nostrils,  and  the  point  where  the  injection  was 
+made  became  gangrenous.  The  dose  of  this  drug  is  from  two  to  twenty 
+grains,  depending  upon  the  age  and  size  of  the  patient,  and  the  condition 
+of  the  bowels;   if  they  become  too  loose  the  dose  must  be  decreased. 
+
+"Quinine  Is  another  drug  of  great  value  in  the  treatment  of  distemper 
+and  all  febrile  conditions.  Its  use  is,  however,  abused  from  a  failure  to 
+understand  its  real  action!  as  a  rule  too  large  doses  are  given  and  at  too 
+frequent  intervals.  The  action  of  quinine,  besides  lowering  temperature 
+and  pulsation,  is  in  small  doses  tonic  and  stimulating,  increasing  the 
+apnetite  and  all  digestive  secretions;  in  large  doses  continued  it  is  de- 
+pressing and  destrovs  the  appetite.  It  has  remarkable  antiseptic  proner- 
+ti>s,  attacking  and  destroying  all  pernicious  micro-organisms.  A  full  dose 
+(five  grains  for  a  St.  Bernard)  given  at  the  first  sign  of  lassitude  and  de- 
+fection of  nremonitorv  svmptoms  of  an  attack  of  distemper,  while  it  mav 
+Tint  prevpnt  the  disease,  will  certainly  moderate  it.  Its  use  should 
+then  be  discontinued  until  the  fifth  or  sixth  day  of  the  disease,  when 
+small  doses  of  from  one  to  five  grains  should  be  given  three  times  a  day, 
+but  discontinued  if  any  signs  of  disagreeing  with  the  dog  are  shown. 
+
+"Pulmonary  complications  can  be  relieved  bv  applying  hot  flannels  to 
+the  sides  or  the  use  of  hot  water  bags.  Hot  fomentations  or  bandages 
+wrung  out  of  warm  water  do  more  harm  than  good,  as  the  animal  gen- 
+erally gets  chilled  while  they  are  being  used. 
+
+"Nitrate  of  potash  may  be  given  in  the  dog's  drinking  water  or  in 
+s'x  to  fifteen  grain  doses;  it  reduces  fever  and  stimulates  the  action  of  the 
+kidneys. 
+
+"If  the  pulse  and  temperature  are  very  high  a  few  doses  of  veratrum 
+can  be  given  with  advantage,  but  not  continued  for  more  than  two  daya. 
+
+
+The  dose  is  from  one-tenth  to  one-third  of  a  grain  of  the  powder,  at  in- 
+tervals of  three  or  four  hours. 
+
+"Epileptic  fits  and  nervous  symptoms  are  difficult  to  treat  with  any 
+degree  of  success  during  the  course  of  the  disease.  If  they  are  due  to 
+reflex  action,  as  from  the  patient  cutting  teeth,  lance  the  gums;  if  due  to 
+worms,  the  system  is  generally  too  debilitated  to  stand  the  powerful  drugs 
+necessary  to  remove- or  destroy  these  pests.  The  patient,  however,  can  be 
+temporarily  relieved  by  bromide  in  doses  of  from  five  to  twenty  grains, 
+four  or  five  times  a  day,  either  in  a  capsule  or  a  watery  solution.  If  the 
+excitement  is  extreme  the  bromide  can  be  combined  with  from  three  to 
+ten  grains  of  chloral.  The  latter  drug,  when  administered,  should  be  mixed 
+with   syrup   of  mucilage  to   prevent  its  irritating  the  throat. 
+
+"Vomiting  should,  if  possible,  be  prevented  by  carefully  selecting 
+those  foods  that  ihe  stomach  seems  best  able  to  digest,  but  if  it  is  so 
+irritable  as  to  expel  the  most  easily  digested  foods,  give  from  two  to  four 
+drops  of  Scheele's  strength  of  hydrocyanic  acid,  combined  with  from  two 
+to  eight  grains  of  pepsin,  which  will  relieve  the  irritability  of  the  digestive 
+organs   and   stop    the   vomiting. 
+
+"Diarrhea  must  not  be  too  hurriedly  checked,  unless  the  discharges  are 
+so  frequent  as  to  debilitate  the  animal.  In  mild  cases  give  paregoric  in  from 
+one-half  to  two  teaspoonful  doses,  and  if  that  is  not  effectual  a  mixture 
+of  from  five  to  ten  grains  of  chalk  and  from  five  to  fifteen  drops  of  ether 
+and  laudanum  may  be  given  in  a  little  milk  or  soup. 
+
+"In  arriving  at  the  proper  close  of  the  various  drugs  I  have  recom- 
+mended, the  minimum  dose  is  suitable  for  clogs  weighing,  when  developed, 
+from  fifteen  to  thirty  pounds,  and  the  maximum  is  for  clogs  that  will  weigh 
+in  the  vicinity  of  one  hundred  pounds.  Larger  or  smaller  animals  should 
+have  the  dose  correspondingly  increased  or  decreased,  as  the  case  may  be. 
+Puppies  six  months  of  age  will  stand  half  the  dose  given  a  grown  animal 
+of  the  same  breed,  and  for  puppies  under  six  months  a  corresponding  di- 
+minution of  the  dose  must  be  made. 
+
+"In  conclusion  I  again  desire  to  caution  the  owner  against  exposing 
+puppies  to  cold  during  the  course  of  the  disease,  or  when  the  patient  begins 
+to  convalesce.  Frequently  in  cases  of  distemper  a  very  decided  improve- 
+ment in  the  condition  of  the  patient  will  be  observed,  and  the  owner  cor- 
+respondingly elated  and  encouraged  by  a  spring-like,  sunny  day,  particu- 
+larly if  the  weather  has  been  previously  damp  and  stormy,  he  will  admit 
+the  puppy  to  the  kennel  yard  for  breath  of  fresh  air.  The  puppy  in  most 
+cases,  after  blinking  at  the  sun  and  stretching,  will  select  the  dampest  spot 
+that  the  sun  strikes  in  the  kennel  yard  and  curl  itself  up.  A  few  moment's 
+exposure  under  these  conditions  is  sufficient,  and  the  next  morning  the  old 
+symptoms,  with  incerased  severity,  are  present,  or  the  little  fellow's  la- 
+bored breathing  indicates  too  plainly  the  fatal  inflammation  and  conges- 
+tion of  the  lungs." 
+
+The  following  is  valuable  on  this  disease:  A.  J.  Sewell,  M.  D.  C.  V.  S., 
+who  has  lately  been  appointed  veterinarian  surgeon  to  the  King  of  Eng- 
+land, gives  the  following  advice  regarding  the  spreading  of  distemper: 
+
+"As  distemper  just  now  seems  particularly  prevalent,  and  the  largo 
+shows  recently  held  are  sure  to  increase  the  number  of  cases,  this  article 
+will  assist  readers  in  recognizing  the  disease  at  the  commencement,  so  that 
+the  infected  animal  may  be  isolated  early,  and  thus  prevent,  if  possible,  the 
+spread  of  the  disease  to  other  dogs,  especially  young  puppies,  which  have 
+always  a  very  poor  chance  of  recovering. 
+
+"I  know  some  few  people,  if  they  get  a  case  of  distemper  in  their 
+kennels,  take  no  means  of  preventing  it  spreading;  on  the  contrary,  I  have 
+heard  them  say  that  they  let  all  those  puppies  which  have  not  had  the 
+disease  come  purposely  in  contact  with  the  sick, one,  so  as  to  let  all  those 
+have  it  that  will,  and  get  over  it  for  the  time  being.  I  must  confess  this 
+is  not  my  practice  with  my  own  dogs;  on  the  contrary,  I  take  every  possible 
+precaution  T  can  to  prevent  them  having  it,  and  I  know  most  breeders  are 
+as  ^anxious   as   myself avoid   it. 
+
+"As  shows  are  no  doubt   the  greatest  source  of  spreading   distemper, 
+
+I  advise  that  all  clogs  coming  from  these  places  which  have  not  had  the 
+disease  should  not  be  returned  home  if  there  is  any  young  stock  in  the 
+kennels  that  one  does  not  wish  to  be  infected,  and  the  farther  they  are 
+kept  away  the  better.  Not  only  is  this  necessary,  but  a  separate  attendant 
+is  required.  If  you  have  the  same  man,  you  may  as  well  have  the  same 
+kennel.  If  these  suggestions  are  adopted  there  will  not  be  the  least  danger 
+of  the  disease  spreading,  and  I  feel  pretty  sure,  if  people  would  properly 
+isolate  all  distemper  cases  the  disease  might  be  almost,  if  not  entirely, 
+eradicated    from    the   country. 
+
+"The  first  symptom  of  distemper  is  a  rise  of  temperature — if  a  dog 
+is  dull  and  off  his  food,  take  his~"temperature.  It  is  best  to  take  it  in  the 
+rectum,  where  the  normal  is  about  one  hundred  and  one  to  one  hundred 
+and  one  and  one-half  degrees  Fahrenheit;  if  taken  under  the  arm  or  inside 
+the  thigh  it  is  one  degree  lower.  If  the  thermometer-  registers  two  or 
+three  degrees  of  temperature  above  normal  you  may  be  sure  there  is  some- 
+thing wrong,  and  the  dog  should  be  isolated  at  once;  and  by  doing  this  the 
+infection  may  often  be  prevented  spreading.  If  the  disease  is  distemper 
+other  symptoms  will  soon  develop,  as  a  husky  cough,  loss  of  appetite  and 
+condition,  and  occasionally  vomiting.  The  eyes  are  weak  and  sensitive  to 
+light,  and  there  is  often  a  little  gummy  discharge  which  collects  along  the 
+edges  of  the  lids;  the  breath  is  offensive,  and  the  teeth  become  furred. 
+Diarrhea  may,  or  may  not,  occur.  If  the  illness  is  only  some  passing  ail- 
+ment the  temperature  will  soon  be  normal,  and  the  dog  assume  his  usual 
+condition.  But  the  temperature,  even  in  distemper,  after  two  or  three 
+days,  may  go  down  to  normal;  but  do  not  be  deceived  by  this,  and  think 
+the  dog  is  all  right,  but  look  out  for  some  of  the  other  symptoms  men- 
+tioned, and  if  the  dog  is  in  for  that  disease  they  are  sure  to  appear,  and 
+the  fever  will  return  again  in  a  couple  of  days  or  so. 
+
+"People  often  think  a  dog  cannot  have  distemper  without  there  is  a 
+discharge  from  the  nose;  this  is  a  mistake,  but  it  certainly  does  occur 
+in  most  cases,  though  it  does  not  appear  as  a  rule  until  the  dog  has  been 
+ill  for  some  time.  If  the  lungs  become  affected  the  breathing  is  short 
+and  quick,  not  panting  with  the  mouth  open,  the  chest  is  tender  on  pres- 
+sure. At  first  there  is  no  cough,  but  after  two  or  three  days  there  is  a 
+suppressed  painful  cough,  with  retching.  The  pulse  is  often  much  acceler- 
+ated, the  beats  varying  from  one  hundred  and  ten  to  one  hundred  and 
+forty  per  minute.  In  some  cases  the  pulse  is  very  slow,  and  may  only 
+be  forty-eight  to  the  minute;  of  course,  this  refers  to  a  big  dog.  A  pulse 
+of  this  kind  is  worse  than  a  fast  one  with  pneumonia.  When  it  is  between 
+sixty  and  seventy  in  a  small  dog  it  is  also  serious  with  lung  complications. 
+The  heart's  action  in  dogs  is  very  frequently  intermittent  even  in  health. 
+The  eyes  during  distemper  are  often  a  source  of  anxiety,  and  in  those  dogs 
+with  prominent  orbits,  as  spaniels,  pugs,  etc.,  there  is  always  a'n  inclination 
+for  ulcers  to  form,  which  are  extremely  painful." 
+
+The  following  was  written  by  "Westerner"  and  published  in  Field 
+and  Fancy.  We  cannot  know  too  much  on  this  most  dreaded  disease  so  I 
+give   the   article   entire: 
+
+Distemper  in  Dogs. 
+
+"Each  year  brings  around  its  popular  dog  shows,  and  in  these  days 
+when  nothing  is  thought  of  high  prices  being  paid  for  good  specimens  in 
+most  all  the  breeds,  many  of  which  after  winning  fame  in  public  competition 
+succumb  to  distemper,  the  American  pulic  is  in  need  of  some  sound  advice, 
+which  will,  if  faithfully  followed,  save  the  lives  of  innumerable  dogs.  It 
+is  said  (hat  whoever  discovers  a  sure  specific  cure  for  distemper  in  dogs 
+will  have  made  his  fortune,  for  probably  60  per  cent  of  all  the  thorough- 
+bred dogs  bred  annually  die  of  this  dread  disease,  at  periods  generally 
+following  the  large  shows  in  Eastern  cities.  The  following  practical  sug- 
+gestions and  observations  based  upon  the  experience  of  many  years  .of 
+breeding  and  raising,  are  likely  not  new  to  some  owners,  but  will  be  found 
+
+
+most  helpful  by  the  yearly  increasing  number  of  novices,  and  result  in  an 
+absolute  knowledge  of  how  to  avoid  fatal  results. 
+
+"We  know  that  distemper  commonly  develops  during  the  first  year 
+of  life,  either  at  periods  known  to  be  associated  with  teeth  formation  or 
+approaching  physical  maturity. 
+
+"Primarily,  distemper,  at  its  inception,  shows  a  disturbed  and  inflam- 
+ed condition  of  the  membraneous  tissue  of  the  alimentary  canal.  It  is 
+likely  a  condition  corresponding  to  typhoid,  as  some  maintain.  Its  germ 
+certainly  finds  ready  cultivation  in  the  unhealthy  conditions  which  result 
+from  worms.  Its  first  usual  symptom  is  a  hard  bronchial  cough,  with 
+some  retching,  irritated  by  excitement  or  nervousness,  all  no  doubt  caused 
+by  the  stomach's  disturbed  membraneous  condition.  Whether  at  two  or 
+three  months,  or  at  six  or  ten  months,  or  any  age,  the  first  thing  to  do  when 
+this  cough  appears  is  to  chain  the  dog  up  in  some  inside  quarters  where  air 
+is  good  and  floor  dry.  Here  is  where  the  first  mistake  generally  takes  place. 
+The  fond  owner,  thinking  because  the  dog  is  lively,  that  his  cough  is  noth- 
+ing more  than  some  slight  throat  irritation  or  cold,  allows  the  dog  to  sleep 
+out  in  all  kinds  of  weather,  which  conditions  soon  develop  acute  bronchial 
+troubles,  generally  pneumonia,  and  in  most  every  case  pneumonia  is  fatal 
+in  dog-life. 
+
+"Distemper  develops  much  slower  than  generally  thought  for.  A  dog 
+is  first  noticed  to  be  'off  his  food;'  soon  the  cough  is  noticed  in  the  morning 
+and  toward  night,  and  in  a  week  or  ten  days  it  is  more  than  likely  that 
+the  eyes  show  a  sticky  discharge  and  the  nose  sooner  or  later  begins  per- 
+haps to  discharge  likewise  thick  purulent  yellow  mucus.  Many  a  strong 
+healthy  dog  will  not  show  the  effects  of  the  early  stages  of  the  disease, 
+but  later  break  down  all  at  once,  as  it  gradually  increases  to  some  climax 
+with  him.  If  the  mucous  discharge  stage  is  reached,  the  owner  can  count 
+on  a  month  or  more  of  close  confinement. 
+
+
+PURE  food  is  the  dog's  greatest  need.  The 
+foremost  veterinarians  agree  that  nearly 
+all  ordinary  dog  troubles  are  traceable  to  impro- 
+per feeding.  Foods  manufactured  from  waste 
+products  and  scraps  are  not  proper  foods. 
+
+
+
+"Of  great  importance  is  the  isolation  of  the  patient,  chained  up  free 
+from  activity  and  excitement  from  other  dogs.  If  your  puppy  is  young, 
+and  you  have  an  old  bitch  (that  has  had  the  distemper),  no  harm  can 
+follow  shutting  her  in  with  the  patient.  She  will  aid  the  puppy  in  keeping 
+clean  and  be  very  helpful  in  quieting  him.  Your  chances  are  that  if  this 
+first  move  is  made  promptly,  and  faithfully  adhered  to,  your  dog  will  have 
+but  a  'mild  case,'  and  thus  be  saved  all  of  the  deleterious  effects  of  the 
+ravages  of  the  disease  in  its  worst  forms,  and  in  a  couple  of  weeks  be  over 
+it.  The  dog  that  is  kept  chained  up  from  the  very  first  symptoms,  stores 
+up  his  vital  energy  and  strength,  and  has  the  benefit  of  it  when  any  climax 
+of  the  disease  develops. 
+
+"In  treatment,  the  writer  does  not  believe  in  the  speedy  use  of  any 
+medicine;  the  less  used  the  better  you  are  off,  and  the  clog,  generally. 
+If  at  first  your  dog  is  suddenly  prostrated,  as  is  common,  one  good,  large 
+dose  of  rochelle  salts  or  castor  oil  is  a  good  beginning.  If  indications  of 
+worms  are  present  treat  for  their  removal.  If  the  patient  refuses  food  for 
+a  couple  of  days,  it  will  do  no  harm  to  let  him  go  without,  but  rather 
+good.  The  first  stage  is  no  time  to  force  food,  but  on  the  contrary,  does 
+injury.  Should  much  mucous  discharge  develop  at  the  eyes  and  nose,  and 
+a  general  fevered  condition  exist,  with  quick  breathing  and  much  loss 
+of  energy,  quinine  in  moderate  doses,  or  any  tried  'grippe'  tablet  that 
+has  been  found  good  in  family  use  will  prove  beneficial.  In  giving  any  such 
+medicines  use  caution  as  to  overdosing,  considering  well  the  age  and  size 
+of  the  patient,  and  not  oftener  than  once  in  three  or  four  hours,  bearing  in 
+mind  its  irritating  effect  on  the  stomach  tissues.  The  condition  of  the  stom- 
+ach is  the  most  important  factor  to  keep  in  mind,  for  on  getting  the  dog 
+back  to  a  good  appetite  depends  his  recovery.  He  must  have  the  ability 
+to  digest  and  assimilate  his  food,  as  well  as  to  eat  it,  in  order  that  its 
+strength-giving  properties  can  help  overcome  the  deleterious  effects  of  the 
+disease,  as  the  effect  of  this  foreign  germ  life  in  the  system  advances  in 
+its  attack  on  the  system. 
+
+"Right  here,  begin  at  once,  something  that  will,  if  followed  up  regu- 
+larly, allay  the  development  of  the  worst  tendencies  of  the  disease.  After 
+the  general  cleansing,  begin  to  give,  three  or  four  times  a  day  for  several 
+days  and  continually  as  long  as  its  helpfulness  is  indicated  a  tablet  that 
+can  be  purchased  from  any  druggist,  being  a  compound  of  pepsin  (one  or 
+two  grains,  according  to  age),  bismuth  and  charcoal.  These  tablets  are 
+inexpensive  and  should  be  given  after  each  meal,  if  the  patient  takes 
+food,  and,  if  not,  four  times  a  day.  They  are  easily  taken  or  given,  and 
+their  beneficial  effect  will  soon  be  observed.  They  will  soothe  the  inflamed 
+membraneous  tissues  and  aid  the  proper  digestion  of  food  and  its  assimi- 
+lation. 
+
+"In  distemper,  the  feces  are  usually  of  a  greenish,  rank,-  pungent  char- 
+acter, indicating  a  decidedly  unhealthy  condition  of  the  bowels,  in  the  cause 
+of  which  both  stomach  indigestion  and  intestinal  indigestion  and  lack  of 
+assimilation  undoubtedly  share.  This  condition,  if  allowed  to  remain  with- 
+out attention  results  in  what  is  known  as  the  ulcerous  and  intestinal  form 
+of  the  disease  which  commonly  develops  when  owners  are  too  anxious  to 
+keep  their  clogs  eating  rich  food,  when  the  dog's  system  cannot  properly 
+handle  it.  There  is  no  necessity  for  this  form  of  the  disease  ever  develop- 
+ing.    It  is  its  worst  form  when  advanced,  and  results  in  most  cases  fatally. 
+
+"These  simple  and  harmless  tablets  will  first  digest  the  food  and  en- 
+able the  dos  to  assimilate  it.  They  soothe  and  tone  up  the  inflamed  intes- 
+tinal conditions  and  gradually  make  a  dog's- appetite  good  again  and  slowly 
+but  surelv  brins  about  the  conditions  which  permit  healthy,  well  formed 
+feces.  When  this  is  accomplished  more  than  half  the  battle  is  fought,  for 
+so  long  as  the  dog  is  running  off  in  a  diarrheal  condition  the  distemper 
+germ  seems  to  thrive,  producing  all  sorts  of  gastrical  and  intestinal  trou- 
+bles, which  are  difficult  to  cure.  Many  make  the  mistake  of  treating  with 
+stringents  for  diarrhea,  which  naturally  only  cause  more  harm,  as  the  cause 
+is  not  first  removed.  There  need  be  no  fear  whatever  in  the  moderate 
+use  of  these  tablets,  for  they  can  produce  no  harmful  effects  whatever,  and 
+
+even  should  they  be  given  without  sufficient  cause  therefor  existing,  they 
+would  be  but  a  tonic  and  help  to  any  normal  conditions.  All  dogs  (espe- 
+cially puppies)  are  prone  to  overeat,  bolt  their  food  and  tax  too  greatly 
+their  digestive  organs.  Dogs  in  their  tramp  and  native  state  have  no  such 
+troubles.  While  our  modern  blooded  breeding  has  given  us  unbroken 
+lineage  in  fine  pedigrees,  the  dog  constitution,  due  perhaps  to  the  con- 
+fined kennel  life  most  have  to  put  up  with,  is  not  as  vigorous  at  it  would 
+otherwise  be.  Many  a  stud  dog  and  brood  bitch  hardly  ever  get  out  of  a 
+kennel  yard!  need  it  be  wondered  at,  then,  that  the  blue-blooded  puppies 
+inherit  digestive  organs  that  need  some  help  now  and  then,  and  are  sus- 
+ceptible subjects  of  contagion  which  develops  at  most  shows?  Fresh  air 
+and  nice  quarters  tend  to  produce  a  healthy  environment  in  a  kennel,  but 
+as  the  young  puppie  adds  bone  and  tissue  much  faster  than  is  generally 
+considered,  the  organs  that  are  responsible  for  this  growth,  great  in  pro- 
+portion to  size  as  it  is,  and  speedy  development,  need  as  much  general 
+support  as  it  is  possible  to  give  them. 
+
+"If  your  patient  is  well  advanced  in  the  purulent  mucus  discharge  or 
+acute  bronchial  stage,  before  you  get  at  him,  which  is  usual  in  the  exper- 
+ience of  amateurs,  begin  at  once  and  conform  rigidly  to  treat  as  here- 
+tofore suggested,  adding  the  possible  help  of  some  distemper  medicine. 
+While  these  undoubtedly  when  properly  used  are  very  helpful,  they  are  at 
+best  but  stimulating  tonics  and  fever  medicines,  and  it  is  well  to  have  on 
+hand  whichever  one  you  find  gives  good  results.  Should  the  patient  show 
+general  debility  and  indications  of  the  disease  rather  generally  poisoning 
+the  system — in  fact,  if  the  nasal  form  develops,  lose  no  time  in  arranging 
+to  put  in  a  seton.  Any  veterinary  can  do  it,  but  you  can  do  it  yourself 
+fully  as  well,  as  follows:  Clip  the  hair  on  neck  back  of  skull  close  to  skin 
+for  three  or  four  inches  square.  Secure  a  piece  of  ordinary  (tarred)  tar- 
+paulin or  common  hemp  cord,  which  should  be  soaked  in  a  solution  of 
+carbolic  acid  and  water.  Cut  cord  at  length  of  eight  or  ten  inches.  Catch 
+one  end  of  it  in  the  joint  of  a  pair  of  small  curved  sharp-pointed  nail 
+scissors  or  sail-cloth  needle;  hold  skin  just  below  occiput  of  skull  bone, 
+well  up  away  from  inner  tissues  and  puncture  point  through  from  one 
+side  of  neck  to  the  other,  drawing  cord  through  so  that  holes  will  be  about 
+two  inches  apart;  tie  good  large  knots  in  each  end  of  cord,  dressing  at 
+nrst  with  antiseptic  vaseline,  and  leave  it  in  for  from  five  to  ten  days, 
+dependent  upon  profuseness  of  discharge.  Draw  cord  from  knot  to  knot 
+each  day  often,  in  order  to  keep  outlet  free.  The  insertion  of  this  seton  is 
+not  particularly  painful,  as  it  passes  through  the  outer  skin  covering  only, 
+and  can  do  no  harm  whatever.  It  should  be  kept  as  clean  as  possible.  It 
+acts  as  a  counter  irritant  and  drains  off  from  the  system  a  large  amount 
+of  poisonous  accumulations  and  will  very  soon  relieve  the  head  of  the  acute 
+troubles  there  concentrated. 
+
+In  almost  all  cases  where  the  seton  is  used  soon  enough  its  aid  is 
+largely  responsible  for  safe  recovery.  The  writer  has  seen  most  wonderful 
+cures  by  its  assistance  in  the  last  stages  of  the  disease.  It  use  is  of  Eng- 
+lish origin,  and  one  theory  advanced  to  explain  its  benefit  in  dogs  is  that 
+as  a  dog  perspires  only  through  the  glands  of  nose  and  mouth,  and  never 
+through  the  outer  skin  and  coat,  this  outlet  affords  an  immediate  drain 
+much  needed  to  carry  off  the  poisonous  accumulations  about  the  inner  body 
+tissues.  When  the  system  is  generally  much  poisoned  with  effects  of  dis- 
+temper, this  drain  is  very  beneficial  and  never  harmful.  Leave  it  in  until 
+the  discharge  begins  to  subside,  then  cut  one  end  of  the  cord  and  take 
+it  out.  Keep  sore  clean  until  healed,  which  will  be  accomplished  within 
+a  few  days,  and  in  a  month  a  new  growth  of  coat  will  have  covered  up 
+the  effect  of  this  treatment,  so  that  no  scars  are  left  as  a  blemish  on  the 
+patient's  neck. 
+
+Many  dog  owners  have  special  food  theories  for  distemper,  a  popular 
+delusion  being  that  meat  fed  to  young  dogs  produces  distemper.  All  young 
+dogs  should  have  meat  in  moderation,  and  don't  forget  that  dogs  need  salt 
+in  their  food,  as  well  as  the  human  race  and  animals.  The  frequent  con- 
+tinual diet  absolutely  without  salt  is  sufficient  to  cause  most  any  kind  of 
+
+ailment.  The  writer's  observation  has  been  that  a  dog  in  distemper  gets 
+along  best  when  given  limited  quantities  of  what  it  craves,  three  to  five 
+times  daily,  always  bearing  in  mind  the  aim  to  make  the  stomach's  work 
+easy.  Raw  (fresh)  beef  cut  fine  on  bread,  fed  three  or  four  times  daily, 
+is  most  excellent.  If  milk  is  relied  upon,  sterilize  it  (rather  than  boil) 
+and  give  in  moderate  quantities.  Raw  eggs  with  milk  is  generally  very 
+good  and  strengthening.  Avoid  alcoholic  stimulants,  except  when  dog  is 
+badly  off,  then  give  whiskey  and  quinine  as  tonic,  and  maybe  a  little  port 
+wine  with  milk.  The  following  few  important  and  brief  "dont's"  will  aid 
+some  as  occasional  reminders  and  cautions,  viz.: 
+
+Don't  pour  food  down  a  sick  dog  when  he  hasn't  the  ability  to  either 
+hold  or  digest  it.     It  only  makes  him  worse. 
+
+Don't  exercise  a  dog  sick  with  distemper. 
+
+Don't  let  a  day  pass  without  proper  use  of  compound  tablets  (pepsin, 
+bismuth  and  charcoal). 
+
+Don't  get  scared  if  your  dog  won't  eat.  It's  better  for  him  not  to  eat 
+until  he  can  handle  his  food  rightly.     He  won't  die  of  starvation. 
+
+Don't  allow  him  to  get  his  feet  wet.  This  is  likely  to  bring  on  pneu- 
+monia, which  is  generally  fatal. 
+
+Don't  wash  a  dog,  no  matter  how  foul  he  may  be,  when  down  with 
+distemper  or  convalescent.  Brush,  comb  and  clean  with  powder  (flour). 
+Many  a  dog  has  contracted  incurable  chorea  and  its  twitches  from  a  bath 
+too  soon  after  distemper.  Keep  him  away  from  the  water  for  three  months 
+at  least. 
+
+Don't  let  your  dog  off  chain  as  soon  as  he  begins  to  feel  better.  Keep 
+him  there  till  well,  leading  him  for  exercise  only  when  convalescent.  Re- 
+lapses are  common  and  often  fatal. 
+
+When  your  patient  is  once  well  over  distemper  you  can  risk  him  any- 
+where, for  dogs  do  not  have  the  real  thing  but  once.  If  your  dog's  sys- 
+tem is  left  very  much  run  down,  blood  tonics  are  good,  according  to  indi- 
+vidual  needs,    Scott's    Emulsion    being   especially    beneficial. 
+
+The  most  important  safeguards  to  bear  in  mind  are:  (1)  Absolute  quiet 
+on  chain  in  dry  quarters.  (2)  Tablets  regularly  given  and  constant  care. 
+(3)  The  seton  promptly  put  in  before  the  case  has  advanced  to  the  fatal 
+or  acute  form  of  the  disease.  Distemper  in  itself  is  not  fatal,  but  the  com- 
+plications and  collateral  developments  it  leads  to  are.  Whoever  faithfully 
+follows  the  suggestions  given  in  this  article  need  have  no  fear  of  any  fatal 
+results  from  distemper.  The  ideas  herein  formulated  are  but  the  result 
+of  years  of  practical  experience  of  varying  results  with  young  setters. 
+Common  sense  is  the  underlying  principle  of  it  all,  which  after  all,  if  used 
+in  time,  is  far  better  than  medicine.  We  hear  of  all  kinds  of  "cures," 
+including  those  who  still  have  faith  in  "coffee,"  the  pellet  of  "buckshot," 
+or  dose  of  "gunpowder,"  together  with  other  harsher  specifics  and  meth- 
+ods of  treatment.  Should  we  not  give  our  priceless  clogs,  whose  value 
+every  year  is  increasing  with  their  educated  usefulness  and  close  com- 
+panionableness,  the  benefit  of  up-to-date  intelligent  care,  rather  than  the 
+"guess  at  it"  methods  of  the  past? 
+
+"Modestly  submitted  for  the  benefit  of  somebody's  faithful  dog,  some- 
+time,  somewhere." 
+
+The  following  very  complete  and  exhaustive  article  on  Distemper  was 
+written  especially  for  this  book  by  Dr.  George  W.  Clayton: 
+
+Distemper. 
+
+"History. — The  disease  now  known  as  canine  distemper  made  its  ap- 
+pearance at  a  very  early  period.  According  to  Laosson,  it  was  known  at 
+the  time  of  Aristotle,  and  the  epizootic  that  invaded  Bohemia  during  the 
+year  1028  and  decimated  the  canine  species  of  that  country  is  now  known 
+to  have  been  canine  distemper.  It  made  its  appearance  in  England  and 
+on  the  Continent  of  Europe  during  the  Seventeenth  Century,  first  in  Spain, 
+and  traveled  from  there  to  the  other  countries.  It  appeared  in  England 
+and  France  about  1740,  in  Germany  in   1748,  in  Italy  about  1764,  and  in 
+
+
+
+
+Russia  in  1770.  Distemper  now  exists  all  over  the  world  wherever  the  dog 
+is  found.  From  the  time  of  its  first  appearance  it  has  been  considered  one 
+of  the  most  fatal  diseases  to  which  the  dog  is  subject. 
+
+"Definition. — Distemper  is  an  acute  contagious  disease,  caused  by  the 
+introduction  of  a  specific  poison  into  the  system.  It  has  been  known  under 
+various  names.  Opinions  differ  as  to  its  nature.  Some  authors  have  com- 
+pared it  to  typhoid  or  typhus  in  man,  others  to  variola.  A  number  of  dif- 
+ferent authors  describe  it  as  a  catarrhal  fever,  as  it  affects  all  the  mem- 
+branes of  the  body.  The  nervous  system  is  generally  if  not  always  involved, 
+and  there  is  also  a   characteristic  skin   eruption. 
+
+"Causes. — That  a  germ  constitutes  the  exciting  cause  of  distemper  we 
+are  convinced  by  recent  investigations.  Some  authorities  believe  there  may 
+be  several  germs  or  different  forms  of  the  same  germ.  As  the  disease  is 
+very  highly  contagious,  clearly  defined,  and  well  characterized,  the  exis- 
+tence of  a  specific  germ  must  be  conceded.  According  to  this  theory 
+the  spontaneous  origin  of  distemper  is  not  tenable,  and  that  the  disease 
+may  be  perpetuated  and  continued  in  existence,  there  must  be  a  continued 
+propagation  of  the  poison,  and  a  continual  transmission  of  this  poison. 
+
+"The  poison  exists  in  the  air  in  a  fixed  and  volatile  state,  and  enters 
+the  system  by  the  nose  and  mouth. 
+
+"The  virus  can  be  communicated  from  one  animal  to  another,  and 
+transmission  by  cohabitation  is  more  easily  effected  than  by  inoculation. 
+
+"The  germ  has  great  vitality  and  great  power  of  resistance.  It  may 
+undergo  dessication  in  the  air  and  still  retain  its  virulence.  It  can  exist 
+a  long  time  outside  the  body  without  destruction,  and  communicate  the 
+disease  when  brought  into  contact  with  susceptible  individuals. 
+
+"It  has  been  found  that  the  virulent  properties  of  the  germs  are  not 
+lost  in  any  degree  when  dried  at  a  normal  temperature,  or  when  exposed 
+to  a  temperature  of  20  degrees  Centigrade,  but  does  lose  some  of  its  power 
+if  preserved  in  a  dray  state  and  kept  for  any  length  of  time. 
+
+"Under  proper  conditions  the  poison  of  distemper  can  reproduce  itself 
+without  limit. 
+
+"The  blood  of  the  affected  animal  has  been  found  to  be  contagious; 
+also  the  secretions  from  the  eyes  and  nose. 
+
+"Vaccination  of  young  animals  by  means  of  the  secretory  fluid  from 
+animals  affected  with  the  disease  has  been  tried  and  has  produced  the  dis- 
+ease artificially.  The  disease  when  produced  from  vaccination  generally 
+runs  a  mild  course.  The  liability  of  dogs  to  contract  distemper  is  not  the 
+same  at  all  ages,  and  under  all  circumstances  and  conditions.  Old  dogs 
+have  a  greater  chance  of  escape,  this  being  more  a  disease  of  youth. 
+Young  animals  generally  contract  the  disease  jn  the  course  of  their  first 
+year.  Sometimes  whole  litters  of  puppies  being  carried  off  by  it.  Some 
+animals  seem  to  possess  immunity  from  the  malady,  and  one  attack  suc- 
+cessfully overcome  produces  immunity  from  another.  In  very  rare  cases 
+there  are  exceptions  to  this  rule.  Distemper  is  found  in  all  localities,  and 
+at  all  seasons,  in  the  country  it  may  be  more  rife  at  some  seasons  than 
+others,  but  in  large  cities  it  exists  permanently. 
+
+"Predisposing  Causes. — In  distemper,  as  in  all  similar  diseases,  there 
+are  predisposing  causes.  Anything  that  weakens  the  constitution,  or  that 
+tends  to  debilitate,  or  lessen  the  animal's  resisting  power  would  be  pre- 
+disposing causes.  An  animal  that  has  a  weakened  constitution  inherited 
+from  the  sire  or  dam,  from  any  cause,  for  instance  from  in-breeding,  in- 
+judicious mating,  or  from  diseased  parents.  We  will  say,  then,  that  age, 
+environment,  condition  of  the  constitution  at  the  time  of  exposure,  indi- 
+viduality, etc:,  are  all  important.  The  sudden  alteration  in  the  environ- 
+ment, like  a  change  of  weather,  or  of  feeding,  exposure  to  damp  and  cold, 
+exhaustion,  a  long  journey,  the  exciting  and  unnatural  conditions  of  shows 
+generally,  with  the  crowding  together  of  large  numbers  of  dogs  that  have 
+lived  under  different  conditions,  etc.,  badly  drained,  ill-ventilated  kennels 
+with  insufficient  disinfecting  and  feeding,  poor  food  or  over  feeding,  and 
+too  little  exercise,  are  all  favorable  to  the  spread  of  the  disease. 
+
+"Animals  Affected — Distemper  is  found  in  the  dog,  cat,  fox,  wolf, 
+hyena,  prairie  dog  and  monkey. 
+
+"Clinical  Symptoms. — Symptoms  of  canine  distemper  are  manifold  and 
+rather  complicated.  They  involve  the  ocular,  respiratory  and  digestive  mu- 
+cous membranes;  also  the  nervous  system  and  outer  integument  of  skin. 
+For  the  purpose  of  description  we  will  divide  them  under  the  following 
+different  heads: 
+
+"Symptoms  of  Commencement. — The  period  of  incubation  is  usually 
+from  four  to  fourteen  days.  Elevation  of  temperature  is  the  first  symptom 
+noticeable  in  this  disease.  The  next  symptom  that  will  be  noticed  is  some 
+disturbance  in  the  general  condition.  The  animal  will  seem  to  be  chilly 
+and  have  shivering  spells,  the  nose  is  hot  and  dry,  the  skin  is  hard  and 
+the  hair  becomes  harsh  and  dry.  The  animal  loses  his  appetite,  is  restless 
+and  seems  depressed,  and  soon  tires  on  slight  exertion.  Vomiting  may 
+occur. 
+
+"Symptom  on  the  Outer  Integument. — There  is  sometimes  a  charac- 
+teristic skin  eruption  in  distemper.  The  eruption  generally  occurs  on  the 
+inner  facia  of  the  thighs,  and  on  the  abdomen,  or  it  may  cover  the  whole 
+body.  It  first  appears  as  small  red  spots,  generally  scattered.  Sometimes, 
+but  very  rarely,  they  are  confluent,  then  there  is  a  change  and  they  appear 
+as  small  blisters  filled  with  serum,  and  later  on  this  changes  to  pus.  They 
+are  about  the  size  of  a  small  bean,  then  dry  up  very  soon  and  form  yellow- 
+ish scabs  and  crusts.  These  scabs  fall  off  and  leave  a  red,  circular  spot  on 
+the  skin,  and  these  spots  are  some  time  in  disappearing.  Sometimes  pit 
+and  ulcerations  are  formed,  on  account  of  the  dog  scratching  these  spots. 
+Occasionally  this  trouble  is  only  slight  and  confined  to  parts  of  the  body, 
+but  at  times  it  extends  over  the  whole  surface  of  th«  bodr.     When   the 
+
+
+
+trouble  is  very  extensive  there  is  a  fetid  odor  given  off  from  the  body,  the 
+hair  falling  off  in  places.  Occasionally  a  slight  skin  eruption  is  the  only 
+symptom  that  is  observed,  but  in  these  cases  the  disease  is  of  a  very  mild 
+form. 
+
+"Symptoms  Shown  by  the  Eyes. — In  the  majority  of  cases  there  is  a 
+catarrhal  conjunctivitis.  The  eye  watery,  the  eyelids  injected,  the  con- 
+junctiva is  red  and  swollen,  and  as  the  light  cause's  the  animal  pain  he 
+seeks  the  dark.  At  first  the  exudate  is  serious,  later  on  it  becomes  mucous, 
+and  still  later  on  it  becomes  purulent,  in  color  light  gray  or  yellowish.  This 
+discharge  collects  in  the  corner  of  the  eye  or  runs  down  over  the  face, 
+forms  yellowish  crusts  on  the  edges  of  the  eyelids,  and  very  frequently 
+glues  the  lids  together  during  the  night.  Lesions  of  the  cornea  may  be 
+caused  by  the  corrosive  action  of  the  secretion,  and  the  resulting  inflam- 
+mation of  the  surrounding  membranes.  The  animal  scratching  and  rubbing 
+the  parts  producing  further  injury.  Nutritive  troubles  which  follow  also 
+assist.  There  is  at  first  a  slight  swelling  which  afterward  forms  an  ulcer- 
+ation. After  this  process  has  ceased  and  healing  takes  place  there  is  left 
+white  spots  or  dark  pigmentation  on»  the  cornea.  The  inflammation  may 
+extend  when  the  whole  eye  becomes  acutely  inflamed  and  breaks  down. 
+The  eye  symptom  accompanied  by  a  fever  is  sometimes  the  only  symptoms 
+of  the  disease. 
+
+"Respiratory  Symptoms. — There  is  usually  an  inflammation  of  the 
+mucous  membrane  of  the  air  passages  of  a  catarrhal  nature.  We  have, 
+first,  catarrh  of  the  nose,  marked  by  sneezing,  and  the  animal  will  rub 
+or  wipe  his  nose  with  his. paws.  There  is  generally  an  increasing  discharge 
+from  both  nostrils,  at  first  serous,  then  mucous,  and  later  on  purulent,  and 
+generally  quite  an  odor  to  this  discharge.  There  is  a  sniffling  respiration. 
+The  nose  sometimes  dry  and  cracked,  and  ulceration  covering  the  membranes 
+of  the  nasal  fossa.  When  the  discharge  is  very  profuse  the  trouble  extends 
+to  the  turbinated  bones  and  sinuses.  In  catarrh  of  the  larynx  we  have 
+a  loud,  hoarse,  dry  cough,  which  causes  the  animal  a  great  deal  of  dis- 
+comfort. Later  on  it  becomes  moist  and  looser,  and  there  is  usually  a 
+discharge.  On  account  of  reflex  action  this  cough  sometimes  produces  vom- 
+iting. There  is  not  much  difficulty  in  respiration  when  the  larynx  alone 
+is  affected,  but  when  the  bronchial  tubes  become  involved  and  the  inflam- 
+mation extends  downward  and  produces  bronchitis,  there  is  a  very  great 
+increase  in  respiration,  and  a  very  painful,  distressing  cough. 
+
+"Symptoms  of  the  Digestive  Tract. — In  catarrh  of  the  stomach,  which 
+occurs  in  this  disease,  there  is  generally  complete  loss  of  appetite,  and  the 
+animal  vomits  a  frothy  liquid.  There  is  a  fetid  diarrhea,  or  infrequent 
+defecation  and  intense  thirst.  The  discharge  from  the  bowels  is  of  a 
+liquid  consistency,  generally  muco-purulent,  and  may  be  streaked  with 
+blood,  while  the  abdomen  will  be  found  to  be  very  painful  on  pressure. 
+
+"Nervous  Symptoms. — The  animal's  senses  are  very  dull  and  he  seems 
+much  depressed.  There  may  be  deep  coma,  or  periods  of  excitement  occur, 
+nervousness  and  delirium;  these  periods  generally  short,  terminating  in 
+depression.  There  may  be  twitching  of  the  muscles,  especially  of  the 
+head  and  limbs.  At  times  there  is  twitching  of  the  muscles  of  the  lower 
+jaw  that  causes  the  saliva  to  foam;  again  there  will  be  only  a  chatter- 
+ing of  the  teeth.  The  animal  will  wander  without  aim,  or  run  around 
+as  if  lost.  A  haggard  appearance  of  the  eyes,  the  head  thrown  backward, 
+the  animal  perhaps  having  convulsions.  There  may  be  motor  paralysis, 
+the  animal  unsteady  in  its  actions,  may  drag  his  legs  or  there  may  be 
+loss  of  power  in  the  posterior  extremities,  the  animal  being  unable  to  stand. 
+There  is  sometimes  loss  of  control  of  the  bladder  and  lower  bowel,  when 
+the  urine  and  feces  are  involuntarily  evacuated.  When  an  animal  is  in 
+a  poor  state  of  health,  being  aenemic  and  in  a  generally  run  down  condi- 
+tion, he  is  generally  attacked  with  very  severe  nervous  symptoms.  Serious 
+weakness  of  the  heart  may  occur.  Some  constitutions  seem  to  succumb 
+easily,  while  others  seem  to  withstand  more  acute  attacks. 
+
+"Complications. — Gome   of   the  complications  that   occur  in   distemper 
+
+
+
+
+are  capilliary  bronchitis,   pneumonia,   diarrhea,     jaundice,      paralysis,  and 
+worst  of  all,  chorea. 
+
+"Diagnosis. — When  the  animal  is  dull,  has  a  poor  appetite,  and  loses 
+flesh  rapidly,  the  disease  should  be  suspected,  especially  if  there  has  been 
+exposure  to  the  disease.  The  harsh  dry  cough  is  characteristic,  and  the 
+eye  symptoms  when  accompanied  by  fever  are  diagnostic  of  this  disease. 
+The  thermometer  should  be  used  in  these  cases. 
+
+"Prognosis, — The  prognosis  of  distemper  we  regard  as  favorable  if 
+the  case  is  seen  early  and  properly  treated.  The  danger  increases  with 
+the  severity  of  the  symptoms  at  the  onset  of  the  disease.  A  persistent 
+high  temperature,  or  a  subnormal  temperature  are  both  serious  symptoms. 
+The  following  are  unfavorable  occurrences:  Much  emaciation  and  the 
+animal  refuses  food,  or  when  there  are  grave  complications  such  as  pneu- 
+monia, etc.,  or  when  the  animal  is  very  young  or  weak,  and  senemic,  or 
+when  the  disease  attacks  different  organs  at  the  same  time.  Death  may 
+occur  from  paralysis  of  the  brain  or  oedema  of  the  lungs,  from  septicaemia 
+or  from  general  exhaustion.  Among  the  favorable  circumstances  are  the 
+mature  age  of  the  patient,  good  constitution  of  the  animal,  mildness  of 
+the  attack,  and  when  the  disease  is  confined  to  circumscribed  regions,  or 
+to  one  organ  of  the  body. 
+
+"Prophylaxis. — Due  attention  to  hygienics  is  one  of  the  most  impor- 
+tant considerations.  It  is  a  good  plan  to  have  a  small  kennel  or  room 
+where  there  will  be  plenty  of  fresh  air  without  draught  into  which  cases 
+of  suspected  distemper  may  be  put  under  observation,  housing  all  distem- 
+per cases  during  the  whole  course  of  the  illness  in  a  separate  kennel  or 
+room.  Everything  that  has  been  about  the  animal  and  all  quarters  where 
+the  animal  has  been  should  be  burned  if  possible.  If  it  is  not  desirable  to 
+burn  the  quarters  there  should  be  a  thorough  disinfecting  of  them,  and 
+especially  all  bedding  burned.  All  utensils  that  have  been  used  in  con- 
+nection with  the  case,  such  as  feeding  and  drinking  pans,  should  be  thor- 
+oughly disinfected.  A  dog  with  distemper  should  not  be  allowed  to  mingle 
+with  others,  however  well  he  may  seem,  so  long  as  he  has  any  discharge 
+from  eyes  or  nose,  and  never  before  from  four  to  eight  weeks  have  elapsed. 
+Then,  after  the  nose  and  eyes  have  been  especially  disinfected  by  washing 
+or  injecting  a  suitable  solution,  the  animal  should  be  washed  all  over,  the 
+water  being  medicated  with  Clayton's  Ceoline  Dog  Wash,  Sanitas,  or  the 
+Standard  Disinfectant.  As  an  animal  in  a  run-down,  debilitated  condi- 
+tion will  contract  distemper  more  easily  than  one  in  perfect  health,  it  is 
+essential  that  the  animal  be  kept  in  as  perfect  health  as  possible.  As  all 
+dogs  are  subject  to  constipation,  especially  if  confined  in  the  house,  his 
+bowels  should  be  seen  to  and  kept  open,  and  there  is  nothing  so  good  for 
+this   purpose   as    Clayton's   Laxative   Pills. 
+
+"Pathological  Anatomy. — Lesions  of  the  respiratory  tract  are  as  fol- 
+lows: The  pituitary  membrane  or  lining  membrane  of  the  nasal  fossa  is 
+injected,  infiltrated  and  covered  with  a  muco-purulent  exudate;  numerous 
+eccymosecl  spots  are  found  on  the  membrane.  The  mucous  membrane  of 
+the  larynx,  trachea  and  bronchi  shows  various  inflammatory  alterations. 
+The  large  bronchi  are  filled  with  bloody  mucous,  the  smaller  filled  with 
+a  thick,  tenacious  exudate.  The  pleura  is  covered  with  a  rose  or  citron 
+colored  exudate.  The  bronchial  lymphatics  are  infiltrated,  tumefied,  and 
+in  rare  cases  purulent.  The  surface  of  the  lungs  are  covered  with  red 
+spots  and  the  lungs  are  collapsed  or  distended  with  air.  Lesions  of  the 
+digestive  tract  are  as  follows:  The  mucous  membrane  of  the  small  intes- 
+tines is  red,  and  numerous  eccymosed  spots  are  found,  also  hemorrhages 
+in  the  subucous  tissue.  Occasionally  the  contents  of  the  intestines  are 
+found   to  be  bloody. 
+
+"In  the  brain  there  are  the  alterations  of  the  cerebral  oedema,  the 
+nervous  substance  is  soft,  the  convoltions  are  flattened.  There  is  an  exu- 
+date of  a  serious  character  in  the  lateral  ventricles  and  dilation  of  the 
+blood  vessels  of  the  brain.  We  also  have  found  evidences  of  fatty  degenera- 
+tion of  the  heart,  liver,  kidneys  and  an  abnormal  swelling  of  the  lymphatic 
+gin  nds. 
+
+
+
+
+"Treatment. — The  treatment  of  distemper  is  principally  symptomatic. 
+We  have,  however,  a  remedy  that  is  capable  of  destroying  the  contagious 
+germ.  Our  researches  have  established  the  fact  that  Clayton's  Distem- 
+perine  and  Distemperine  Tablets  enables  us  to  combat  the  disease  suc- 
+cessfully. As  soon  as  symptoms  of  distemper  are  observed,  careful  at- 
+tention to  all  hygienic  conditions  should  be  given  immediately.  There 
+should  be  comfortable,  well-ventilated  quarters  furnished  for  the  animal, 
+and  more  especially  there  should  be  plenty  of  fresh  air,  but  no  draught. 
+These  quarters  should  be  thoroughly  disinfected  (See  Clayton's  Ceoline 
+Dog  Wash),  with  changes  of  bedding  daily.  The  administration  of  Clay- 
+ton's Distemperine  or  Clayton's  Distemperine  Tablets  should  be  commenced 
+at  once  and  given  according  to  directions.  The  discharge  from  the  nose 
+and  eyes  should  be  looked  after  and  removed  several  times  daily,  or  as 
+often  as  it  collects.  The  eyes  should  be  bathed  with  warm  water  often, 
+as  it  is  a  great  relief.  This  matter  is  too  often  neglected.  If  there  are 
+occular  complications  Clayton's,  or  Eberhart's  'No.  2*  Eye  Lotion  should 
+be  applied  to  prevent  those  serious  lesions  that  so  often  occur  in  this  dis- 
+ease. If  there  are  skin  manifectations  Clayton's,  or  Eberhart's  Mange  or 
+Skin  Cure  should  be  applied  carefully,  and  will  not  disturb  the  animal.- 
+The  skin  eruption  sometimes  causes  the  animal  much  distress.  In  cases 
+where  the  disease  is  localized  in  the  organs  of  digestion,  very  careful  at- 
+tention should  be  given  to  the  ailment.  Careful  nursing  and  feeding  are 
+of  the  utmost  importance.  The  dog's  strength  must  be  looked  after 
+and  a  highly  nutritious,  easily  digested  diet  given.  Chopped  raw  beef  is 
+often  taken  when  all  else  is  refused,  sheep's  head  broth  with  oatmeal  or 
+rice  is  very  good..  If  the  animal  is  very  weak,  beef  tea,  raw  eggs  and  port 
+wine  should  be  given  often  but  in  small  quantities.  If  food  is  refused 
+enough  nourishment  must  be  forced  down  him  to  sustain  life.  Should  the 
+stomach  refuse  to  retain  the  food  he  may  be  fed  per  enema.  Strong  purga- 
+tives are  to  be  avoided  in  this  disease.  Exercise  is  injurious,  the  animal 
+should  be  kept  quiet. 
+
+"When  the  animal  is  convalescent  his  system  should  be  built  up,  and 
+cod  liver  oil  is  valuable  in  these  cases,  while  Clayton's  Condition  Pills 
+with  pepsin  give  remarkably  good  results." 
+
+The  following  valuable  article  on  Distemper  was  published  in  Field 
+and  Fancy  and  written  by  F.  J.  Skinner,  the  editor.  We  cannot  get  too 
+much   knowledge   on  this   disease: 
+
+"As  soon  as  the  disease  makes  its  appearance  the  affected  animal 
+should  be  placed  in  specially  prepared  quarters,  which  are  dry  and  well 
+ventilated,  but  free  from  drafts  and  not  liable  to  great  changes  in  tem- 
+perature. Unless  the  weather  is  warm  abundant  bedding  of  wheat  straw 
+should  be  supplied,  and  the  patient  made  as  comfortable  as  possible.  Dis- 
+infectants should  be  in   constant   use. 
+
+"The  bedding  should  be  changed  at  least  once  each  day,  and  oftener, 
+if  the  patient  is  greatly  prostrated  and  unable  to  move  about.  It  is  also 
+best  to  slightly  darken  the  quarters  so  that  the  patient  may  not  be  dis- 
+turbed by  the  light  or  the  flies,  which  are  apt  to  congregate  about  him. 
+
+"As  the  disease  progresses  it  is  probable  that  the  dog's  appetite  will 
+fail,  and  while  at  first  he  may  eat  sparingly  of  finely  chopped  meat,  broth 
+thickened  with  rice,,  or  toasted  bread  or  slightly  heated  milk,  the  time  may 
+come  when  he  will  have  to  be  urged  or  compelled   to  partake  of  food. 
+
+"When  the  stomach  is  decidedly  weak,  beef  tea,  raw  eggs  and  milk 
+to  which  lime  water  has  been  added  must  be  depended  upon.  When  hand 
+feeding  must  be  resorted  to  it  is  well  to  remember  that  the  continued 
+forcing  of  food  upon  the  patient  will  disturb  and  excite  and  overcome  the 
+good   effects   which   might   result   from   the   administration   of   food. 
+
+"Raw  eggs  are  easily  fed,  as  it  is  only  necessary  to  break  off  the 
+ends  of  the  shell,  open  the  dog's  mouth  with  the  fingers  of  the  left  hand, 
+and  withdrawing  the  tongue  somewhat  with  one  or  two  fingers  of  the  right 
+hand  allow  the  contents  of  the  egg  to  run  down  his  throat.  If  he  refuses 
+to  swallow  relaxing  the  tongue  will   usually  have  the  desired   effect. 
+
+"Where  great  debility  is  noted  it  is  well  to  accompany  the  eggs  with 
+
+
+ 
+
+a  tablespoonful  of  sherry  wine,  or  if  exhaustion  is  very  great  he  may  be 
+stimulated  by  the  same  quantity  of  brandy.  Unless  the  dog  takes  food 
+without  forcing,  two  eggs  morning  and  evening,  together  with  a  little 
+lean  chopped  beef,  milk  or  broth  in  the  middle  of  the  day  should  be  suffi- 
+cient. By  avoiding  continual  disturbance  of  the  sufferer  he  will  progress 
+much  better  than  if  subjected  to  undue  attention. 
+
+"His  temperature  must  not  be  allowed  to  get  too  high.  To  guard 
+against  this  and  other  things  throughout  his  ordeal  until  the  appetite  re- 
+turns, he  should  have  strict  attention  throughout.  It  is  well,  too,  to  have 
+listerine  in  a  small  jam  pot  with  a  scrap  of  sponge  changed  twice  a  day, 
+with  which  to  wash  the  mouth,  eyes  and  nose,  and  the  discharge  from  the 
+latter  can  be  much  lessened,  relieved  and  finally  dried  up  by  the  admin- 
+istration of  powdered  camphor  in  the  form  of  snuff. 
+
+"Also  the  bowels  must  be  watched,  opening  medicine  given  if  at  all 
+costive,  and  on  recovery  the  patient  must  not  be  allowed  to  go  out  too  soon 
+or  exert  himself  violently  unless  you  want  a  relapse.  Very  great  benefit 
+will  be  derived  from  burning  a  cresoline  lamp,  placed  fairly  near  to  the 
+patient  during  the  whole  illness.  It  acts  as  a  disinfectant,  is  good  for  the 
+respiratory  organs,  and  generally  tends  to  the  curtailment,  occasionally  even 
+the  prevention  of  the  malady. 
+
+"The  fact  is  that  every  case  of  distemper  needs  to  be  treated  on  its 
+own  merits,  according  to  the  symptoms  which  it  presents.  When  any  com- 
+bination of  symptoms  such  as  sickness,  diarrhoea,  or  cough,  or  fits  present 
+itself,  it  must  be  dealt  with  in  the  order  of  severity — that  is  to  say,  the 
+most  distressing  symptoms  must  be  taken  first,  and. have  particular  atten- 
+tion paid  to  it,  while  the  less  serious  symptoms  can  be  dealt  with  as  oppor- 
+tunity offers. 
+
+"There  are,  however,  certain  points  connected  with  the  treatment  of 
+distemper  which  apply  to  all  cases  alike.  One  of  the  most  important  of 
+these  points  has  reference  to  diet.  When,  by  the  aid  of  a  veterinary  clinical 
+thermometer,  it  has  been  ascertained  that  a  dog  supposed  to  be  suffering 
+from  distemper  is  in  a  feverish  condition,  it  becomes  important  that  no 
+solid  food  whatever  should  be  given  until  the  fevered  condition  has  been 
+reduced.     A  dog  must  be  kept  on  liquid  food,  such  as  gravy  and  milk. 
+
+"Another  point  of  importance  in  all  cases  of  distemper  is  with  regard 
+to  exercise.  The  greatest  care  chould  be  taken  not  to  allow  a  dog  to  con- 
+tract a  chill,  and  it  should  only  be  exercised  if  the  weather  be  perfectly 
+fine  and  dry,  and  not  even  then  if  there  is  much  feverishness.  Where 
+valuable  dogs  are  concerned,  the  owners  must  attend  to  all  these  matters, 
+and  treat  patients  with  as  much  care  as  a  human  patient  requires,  because 
+the  more  highly  bred  a  dog  is,  as  a  rule,  the  more  delicate  he  will  be,  and 
+a  greater  difficulty  there  will  be  to  get  him  safely  through  a  severe  attack 
+of  distemper. 
+
+"Many  dogs  when  suffering  from  distemper  have  a  disposition  more 
+or  less  pronounced  to  roughness  of  the  skin,  and  in  many  cases  absolutely 
+to  eczema.  The  eczematous  eruption  which  so  often  appears  during  dis- 
+temper is  liable  to  be  mistaken  for  mange,  because  it  usually  appears  as  an 
+eruption  of  small  pustules  filled  with  a  watery  fluid,  which  discharges  and 
+makes  the  animal's  coat  very  unpleasant.  It  may  also  be  said  at  the  out- 
+set that  the  appearance  of  an  eruption  during  distemper  should  always  be 
+regarded  with  satisfaction,  inasmuch  as  that  is,  practically  speaking,  na- 
+ture's way  of  throwing  off  the  ill  humors  with  which  the  body  is  charged. 
+The  efforts  of  the  owner  of  a  dog  which  is  suffering  in  this  way  should  be 
+directed  rather  to  modifying  the  severity  of  the  skin  trouble,  and  of  giving 
+the  dog  comfort  while  that  lasts,  than  checking  it.  It  is  a  dangerous  thing 
+to  try  to  drive  back,  as  it  were,  an  outbreaking  complaint  into  the  sys- 
+tem. It  is  far  better  to  let  it  run  its  course,  subject  to  a  local  alleviative 
+treatment. 
+
+"During  the  time  that  a  dog  is  suffering  from  distemper,  it  is  well 
+to  watch  carefully  for  any  symptoms  of  paralysis,  which  would  be  indicated 
+by  twitching  of  the  muscles  and  sometimes  by  a  fit.  There  are  a  great  many 
+Of  these  cases  nowadays — more  than  there  used  to  be  by  far.     Skin  disease 
+
+
+
+
+ii  should  be  regarded  as  kind  of  a  safety  valve,  for  dogs  that  suffer  from  skin 
+complaint  rarely,  if  ever,  develop  paralysis  or  chorea. 
+
+The  following  valuable  article  was  taken  from  Field  and  Fancy: 
+
+After  -Effects  of  Distemper — Distemper  in  itself  is  not  so  serious  a 
+matter  as  are  the  troubles  which  follow  in  its  wake.  The  most  deadly  of 
+these  is  the  complaint  known  as  chorea,  or  paralysis,  sometimes  called 
+"twitch,"  which  is  an  involuntary  jerking  of  the  nerves,  affecting  sometimes 
+the  head,  sometimes  the  legs,  sometimes  the  whole  body.  It  usually  comes 
+about  in  this  way:  A  dog  has  distemper,  and,  as  the  owner  believes,  has 
+it  very  mildly;  he  merely  shows  signs  of  a  little  cold,  or  perhaps  he  is  merely 
+"off  color,"  as  the  expression  is,  loses  his  appetite  and  seems  not  to  be 
+himself  for  a  few  days,  no  other  symptoms  in  particular  making  their  ap- 
+pearance. 
+
+After  a  few  days  he  is  better,  and  the  owner  thinks  he  has  had  dis- 
+temper and  is  getting  over  it,  and  nothing  more  is  thought  of  the  matter 
+until  a  little  later  on — probably  after  the  lapse  of  week  or  two — he  has  a 
+fit,  and  on  recovering  from  the  fit  it  is  found  that  he  is  twitching  all  over. 
+This  is  not  always  what  happens.  In  many  cases  the  first  symptoms  of  any- 
+thig  wrong  takes  the  form  of  this  involuntary  twitching  of  the  muscles; 
+bpt  the  disease  is  very  insidious  and  comes  on  in  various  ways,  although  it 
+seems  to  be  almost  entirely  connected  with  distemper,  and  the  moral  to 
+be  learned  from  this,  therefore,  is  that  any  case  of  distemper,  however  mild, 
+should  be  treated  as  seriously  as  if  it  were  a  bad  attach,  because  this  chorea 
+or  paralysis  ought  almost  to  be  described  as  a  sort  of  suppressed  distemper, 
+which,  if  the  case  is  thoroughly  treated,  is  brought  out  of  the  system  instead 
+of  being  allowed  to  lie  dormant  there  until  it  affects  the  brain  and  causes 
+the  distressing  symptoms  of  twitching,  which  in  many  cases  last  till  the 
+end  of  the  dog's  life. 
+
+With  regard  to  carelessness  in  dealing  with  dogs  which  are  convales- 
+cent. The  most  dangerous  cases  of  distemper,  apart  from  those  in  which 
+there  has  been  chorea  or  paralysis,  are  the  cases  in  which  the  liver  is  very 
+seriously  affected.  Jaundice,  as  every  one  knowrs  who  has  had  experience 
+with  it,  is  a  very  bad  complaint,  and  it  carries  off  a  good  many  dogs.  It 
+very  often  occurs  in  combination  with  distemper,  and  when  a  dog  which  has 
+been  suffering  in  that  way  with  a  combination  of  distemper  and  liver  com- 
+plaint has  taken  a  turn  for  the  better  great  care  will  be  needed  for  some 
+time. 

everything_about_dogs_dog_papers.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+DOG  PAPERS  YOU  NEED 
+
+
+There  are  several  published  devoted  to  dogs.  (I  take  them  all),  and 
+even  if  you  only  own  one  dog,  it  will  be  of  great  benefit  to  you  to  read  these 
+dog  journals: 
+
+"Field  and  Fancy,"  (weekly),  you  can't  well  do  without. 
+
+"American  Fancier,"  edited  by  Harry  W.  Lacy,  comes  out  fifty-two  times 
+a  year,  and  as  a  fearless  writer  is  not  surpassed  by  any  one. 
+
+"Dogdom,"  a  handsomely  gotten  up  monthly  magazine,  profusely  il- 
+lustrated, is  the  best  dollar  investment  a  dog  owner  can  make. 
+
+Then  there  is  "The  Dog  Fancier,"  another  monthly,  published  for  many 
+years  by  Eugene  Glass,  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  full  of  dog  news,  and  costs 
+only  a  dollar. 
+
+"The  American  Field,  (weekly),  the  oldest  dog  paper  of  all,  their 
+specialty  is  hunting  dogs,  and  if  you  are  interested  in  sporting  dogs,  you 
+can't  afford  to  not  get  this  paper. 
+
+A  new  monthly,  "Dog  "World,"  handsomely  gotten  up  and  very  read- 
+able, costs  only  a  dollar  a  year. 
+
+"Hounds  and  Hunting,"  devoted  to  Beagles  and  Hounds,  is  just  the 
+paper  for  anyone  interested  in  these  breeds,  to  read. 
+
+All  these  papers  have  advertisements  in  the  book,  but  if  you  prefer 
+you  can  remit  the  subscription  price  to  me,  and  I  will  see  that  you  get 
+the  paper. 

everything_about_dogs_drugs.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+
+
+
+DRUGS 
+
+Table  for  Mixing  Standard  Oil  of  Tar. 
+
+%  Teaspoonful  Standard  Oil  of  Tar  in  Tumbler  of  Water  is  1  part  to 100. 
+
+
+1  Teaspoonful  in  Pint  of  Water  is  1  to  100. 
+%   Pint  to  6  Gallons  of  Water  is  1  to  100. 
+1  Pint  to  12  Gallons  of  Water  is  1  to  100. 
+It  will  be  easy  to  get  other  proportions  by  using  this  as  a  base. 
+
+Acetic  Acid.— '-Used  in  making  Mindererous'  spirit,  which  enters  into 
+fever  mixture,  distemper  mixture,  etc.;  also  as  a  cooling  lotion,  combined 
+with  sal  ammoniac  and  spirit,  for  application  to  swellings  and  bruises,  to 
+reduce  local  inflammation  where  the  skin  is  not  broken. 
+
+Cooling  Lotion. — The  following  is  the  formula:  Take  sal  ammoniac  4 
+ounces,  strong  acetic  acid  10  ounces,  boiling  water  10  ounces,  methylated 
+spirit  2  ounces.  Powder  the  sal  ammoniac  and  dissolve  in  the  boiling  water 
+and  acetic  acid,  and  add  the  spirit. 
+
+Before  applying  the  lotion  it  must  be  mixed  with  eight  or  ten  parts  of 
+cold  water,  and  the  part  kept  constantly  wetted  with  it  until  heat,  pain  and 
+other  inflammatory  symptoms  have  disappeared.  N.  B. — An  intermittent 
+use  of  such  lotions  by  causing  reaction  often  does  more  harm  than  good. 
+
+Gallic  Acid — Astringent  and  Stypic. — Given  in  diabetes  and  for  in- 
+ternal hemorrhage.  Dose,  three  to  eight  grains.  The  following  powders 
+are  a  useful  form  in  which  to  administer  it. 
+
+Styptic  Powders. — Take  gallic  acid  3  grains,  powdered  alum  4  grains, 
+powdered  opium  %  grain,  to  make  one  powder.  One  to  be  given  twice  or 
+thrice"  a  day. 
+
+Aconite — The  common  name  of  this  plant  is  monk's-hood,  and  both 
+the  leaves  and  root  are  used  in  medicine.  The  liniment  of  aconite  of  the 
+British  Pharmacopoeia  often  proves  of  great  value  in  assuaging  the  pangs 
+of  rheumatism,  and  the  tincture  added  to  the  distemper  mixture  is,  in  cases 
+where  there  is  nervous  excitement,  of  great  value.  It  must  always  be 
+given  with  great  caution.  The  dose  of  the  tincture  is  from  one-half  to  three 
+drops,  according  to  age  and  size. 
+
+j        Aio©e.»-Thi8  is  one  of  the  safest  and  best  purgatives  for  the  dog,  the 
+
+
+
+dose  is  from  ten  grains  up  to  twenty  grains,  the  dog  requiring  a  propor- 
+tionately much  larger  dose  of  this  drug  than  man;  it  is,  however,  always 
+advisable  to  try  the  effects  of  the  smaller  dose  first,  as  the  lives  of  many 
+dogs  are  sacrificed  to  a  rash  boldness  in  administering  overdoses.  Aloes 
+are  generally  given  in  conjunction  with  other  purgatives,  as  jalap,  rhubarb, 
+etc.,  and  they  enter  into  the  composition  of  most  aperient  pills  made  for 
+the  dog.     The  following  is  a  useful  mild  aperient  bolus: 
+
+Mild  Aperient  Bolus. — Take  aloes  socotrine,  iy2  drams;  powdered  jalap, 
+2  scruples;  powdered  ginger,  1  scruple;  Castile  soap,  y%  dram;  make  into 
+twelve  balls.     Dose,  one  or  two.     Or  for  small  dogs,  into  24  pills. 
+
+Alum. — Astringent;  dose  four  to  eight  grains,  given  in  diabetes  and 
+internal  hemmorrhage  (see  Acid,  gallic).  Alum  is  also  given  in  cases  of 
+obstinate  diarrhea,  in  conjunction  with  opium,  and  it  may  be  advanta- 
+geously given  in  such  cases  as  a  clyster,  dissolved  in  gruel.  Burnt  alum  is  a 
+very  mild  caustic  applied  to  fungus  growths. 
+
+Ammonia,  Aromatic  Spirits  of  (Spirit  of  Sal  Volatile). — A  diffusible 
+stimulant  and  antacid.  It  is  useful  in  colic,  and  is  given  in  cases  of  de- 
+pression of  the  vital  powers.  The  dose  is  from  ten  drops  to  a  teaspoonful. 
+It  must  always  be  largely  diluted  before  it  is  given. 
+
+Ammonia,  Muriate. — Sal  ammoniac.     For  uses  see  Acetic  acid. 
+
+Ammonia,  Solution  gf  Acetate  of  (Mindererus'  Spirit). — Given  in  febrile 
+and  inflammatory  disorders,  distemper,  pneumonia,  etc.  The  following  mix- 
+ture for  distemper  which  may  be  given  in  any  case  where  feverishness  or 
+inflammation  is  present: 
+
+Distemper  Mixture. — Take  chlorate  of  potash  2  drams,  sweet  spirit  of 
+nitre  2  drams,  Mindererus'  spirit  1  ounce,  tincture  of  henbane  2  drams,  wa- 
+ter sufficient  to  make  4  ounces.  Dose,  from  one-half  to  three  teaspoonfuls 
+three  or  four  times  a  day. 
+
+Ammonia,  Strong  Liquid. — This  is  used  as  a  blister  to  the  dog  (see 
+Blisters).  Diluted  with  three  parts  of  distilled  water,  it  forms  the  spirit 
+of  hartshorn  of  the  shops,  which,  with  other  articles,  is  used  as  a  liniment 
+for  sprains,  bruises,  rheumatism,  etc. 
+
+Liniment  for  Sprains. — Equal  parts  of  spirit  of  hartshorn,  turpentine, 
+rape  oil,  and  laudanum,  make  a  generally  useful  liniment  for  the  above 
+purposes.     If  in  a  glass-stoppered  bottle  it  will  not  be  impaired  by  keeping. 
+
+Antimonial  Powder  (True  James'  Powder). — This  is  given  as  a  febri- 
+fuge and  diaphoretic  in  doses  of  from  four  to  six  grains;  it  is  preferred  to 
+tartar  emetic,  as  not  being  so  likely  to  excite  the  dog's  stomach.  It  is  by 
+some  relied  on  as  a  cure  for  distemper. 
+
+Antimony,  Tartarated  (Tartar  Emetic). — This,  as  its  name  implies,  is 
+an  emetic.  On  the  dog's  stomach  it  acts  very  quickly;  but,  indeed,  vomiting 
+appears  to  be  quite  a  natural  act  in  the  dog,  and  no  doubt  it  is  attended 
+with  beneficial  results  when  he  is  his  own  doctor  and  applies  to  his  natural 
+physic,  the  couch  or  dog  grass;  but  this  habit  in  the  dog  has  been  used  to 
+his  injury,  and  the  use  of  emetics  shamefully  abused,  and  from  being  treat- 
+ed as  a  panacea  for  all  dog  ills,  has  done  much  harm.  Emetics  are,  however, 
+of  use,  and  it  is  not  bad  practice  to  give  one  on  the  first  appearance  of  dis- 
+temper or  jaundice,  and  in  cases  of  poisoning  they  are  our  sheet  anchor. 
+The  dose  of  tartar  emetic,  as  an  emetic,  is  from  one  to  three  grains  given 
+dissolved  in  warm  water,  and  the  dog  freely  drenched  with  it.  It  is  also  used 
+as  a  febrifuge  in  doses  of  one-eighth  of  a  grain  to  half  a  grain;  but  for 
+
+
+this  purpose  the  James's  Powder,  another  preparation  of  antimony,  is  to  be 
+preferred. 
+
+Arnica,  Tincture  of. — This  is  applied  externally  as  a  stimulant  in 
+sprains,  bruises  and  rheumatic  lameness  ,and  also  for  dispersing  tumors.  It 
+should  be  used  as  a  lotion  diluted  with  from  ten  to  twenty  parts  of  cold 
+water. 
+
+Arsenic,  Fowler's  Solution  of. — This  is,  I  believe,  the  only  way  in 
+which  arsenic  is  given  to  the  dog.  It  is  an  alterative,  and,  as  such,  is  of 
+great  value  in  some  cases  of  mange  and  other  obstinate  skin  diseases.  The 
+dose  is  from  two  to  eight  drops.  It  should  always  be  given  on  a  full  stom- 
+ach, and  it  must  be  withheld  for  a  week  or  so  if  it  has  produced  redness  of 
+the  eyes,  running  of  watery  fluid  from  the  nose,  and  a  loathing  of  food. 
+I  generally  give  it  with  a  tonic  to  prevent  this  last  result.  Give  each  dose 
+in  a  teaspoonful  of  tincture  of  gentian  or  Peruvian  bark,  immediately  after 
+a  meal. 
+
+Belladonna Deadly   nightshade.      This   is   a   narcotic   and   sedative   of 
+
+very  powerful  action,  and,  like  aconite,  must  be  used  with  great  caution.  The 
+tincture  is  the  most  useful  preparation  of  it.     Dose,  from  two  to  six  drops. 
+
+Bonzoin,  Tincture  of  (Friar's  Balsam). — An  excellent  application  to 
+cuts,  tears,  bites,  &c.  It  should  be  applied  as  soon  as  the  parts  are  cleaned 
+from  dirt,  &c,  to  stop  bleeding  and  protect  the  exposed  surface.  The  tinc- 
+ture is  also  given  in  chronic  coughs.     Dose,  ten  or  fifteen  drops  on  sugar. 
+
+Bismuth — The  subnitrate  of  bismuth  has  a  soothing  effect  in. stomach 
+disorders,  and  in  long-continued  diarrhea  is  often  most  beneficial.  Three 
+to  ten  grains  of  it  may  in  such  cases  be  given  twice  a  day  in  chalk  mixture. 
+
+Bromide  of  Potassium — This  is  very  useful  in  epileptic  fits  and  to  allay 
+excitement.  It  may  be  given  in  doses  of  from  five  to  twenty  grains,  and 
+where  a  dog  is  subject  to  fits,  continued  for  two  or  three  weeks.  It  has, 
+however,   a   debilitating   effect. 
+
+Buckthorn  (Syrup  of). — This  is  a  time-honored  purgative  for  the  dog, 
+and  a  very  good  one,  although  it  has  got  into  disrepute,  as  I  believe, 
+through  the  rubbish  that  is  too  commonly  sold  under  the  name;  or  since  it 
+became  obsolete  as  a  medicine  for  man  druggists  have  been  less  careful  in  its 
+preparation.  The  syrup  should  be  made  from  the  fresh  juice  of  the  berries 
+of  buckthorn  (Rhamous  catharticus),  a  shrub  or  tree  which  grows  plenti- 
+fully in  our  woods  and  hedges.  The  average  dose  is  one  tablespoonful,  and 
+to  prevent  griping  a  teaspoonful  of  syrup  of  white  poppies  should  be  added. 
+
+Calomel Acts    as    an     emetic  and    purgative;     it   is   at  all   times  an 
+
+uncertain  and  unsafe  medicine  for  the  dog.  Youatt  and  others  say  it  should 
+never  be  given  in  larger  doses  than  three  grains.  Country  farriers  and 
+others  often  give  it  in  much  larger  doses — indeed,  by  the  rule  of  thumb — ■ 
+and  the  consequence  is  the  death  or  utter  ruin  of  many  valuable  dogs.  As 
+a  remedy  in  the  yellows  and  other  affections  of  the  liver,  podophyllin,  or 
+"vegetable  calomel,"  is  safer  and  more  effective. 
+
+Camphor — Calmative  and  antispasmodic.  May  be  given  in  cases 
+of  excitement  and  restlessness,  and  also  in  severe  diarrhea.  The  dose  is 
+from  two  to  eight  grains. 
+
+Carren  Oil A  most  useful  application  to  scalds  or  burns.     It  is  made 
+
+by  mixing  equal  parts  of  raw  linseed  oil  and  lime  water. 
+
+
+Castor  Oil Purgative.     Dose,  from  a  teaspoonful  to  a  wineglassful. 
+
+It  is  a  mistake  to  give  very  large  doses,  as  such  are  useless,  the  excess  being 
+carried  off  by  the  bowels. 
+
+Cayenne  Pepper — Stimulant  and  stomachic. 
+
+Chalk,  prepared — Anticid  in  its  effects;  it  is  particularly  useful  in 
+diarrhea,  for  which  it  may  be  given  alone  if  nothing  better  can  be  conven- 
+iently had.     Dose,  as  much  as  will  lie  on  a  quarter. 
+
+Chloral  Hydrate — Antispasmodic  and  soporific.  May  be  given  in  cases 
+of  fits,  also  when  the  dog  suffers  great  pain.  Dose,  from  five  to  twenty 
+grains,  according  to  size  of  dog,  and  the  result  it  is  desired  to  produce.  The 
+larger  dose  would  induce  sleep. 
+
+Chloroform. — Principally  used  as  an  anoesthetic  in  painful  operations. 
+It  also  acts  as  an  anodyne  and  antispasmodic  in  colic,  etc.  As  such  it  is 
+generally  given  in  the  form  of  chloric  ether,  the  dose  of  which  is  from  ten 
+to  thirty  drops  in  water  or  other  fluid. 
+
+Uhinchoiia,  or  Peruvian  Bark. — This  is  a  well  known  medicine,  and, 
+as  a  tonic,  suits  the  dog  admirably.  It  is  especially  useful  after  distemper 
+and  other  lowering  diseases,  and  works  wonders  in  getting  dogs  into  high- 
+class  condition  for  shows  or  work.  The  following  preparation  of  the  bark 
+is  most  convenient,  being  in  concentrated  form,  and  will  keep  good  for 
+years: 
+
+Concentrated  Bark  Tonic. — Take  concentrated  decoction  of  yellow  cin- 
+chona bark,  compound  tincture  of  bark,  equal  parts;  dose,  one  to  two  tea- 
+sponfuls  twice  daily  in  water,  as  a  drench. 
+
+Cod  .Liver  Oil. — This  well  known  medicine  is  given  to  the  dog  in 
+cases  of  debility  and  emaciation  supervening  inflammatory  attacks,  and  to 
+arrest  the  progress  of  chronic  diseases  of  the  respiratory  organs.  It  is  also 
+given  in  scrofulous  affections.  Excellent  for  ricketty  and  weakly  dogs; 
+but  it  is  injurious  to  give  it  to  strong  growing  pups  of  the  larger  breeds,  as 
+it  makes  fat,  and  the  pups  get  so  heavy  the  legs  often  give  way.  Dose, 
+from  a  teaspoonful  to  a  tablespoonful.     Large  doses  are  a  mistake. 
+
+Copper,  Sulphate  of  (Blue  Stone). — Externally  applied,  it  is  a  mild 
+caustic;  internally  administered,  astringent  and  tonic;  dose  from  %  to  2 
+grains,  but  is  apt  to  cause  vomiting.  In  applying  it  to  proud  flesh  in  sores, 
+choose  a  crystal  with  a  smooth  surface,  which  wet  and  rub  on  the  part,  or 
+scrape  a  little  into  fine  powder  and  dust  over  the  sore. 
+
+Cream  of  Tartar — A  cooling  laxative  and  diuretic.  Dose,  ten  to 
+twenty  grains,  given  daily. 
+
+Dandelion. — Given  in  jaundice,  and  other  liver  affections.  The  extract 
+is  the  most  convenient  form,  or  the  decoction  made  as  follows  may  be 
+given:  Fresh  dandelion  roots,  sliced,  6  ounces;  water,  iy2  pints;  boil 
+slowly  down  to  half  a  pint.     Dose,  half  a  wineglass. 
+
+Digitalis — See  Foxglove. 
+
+Idpsom  Salts — Purgative.  Dose,  one  to  three  drams.  A  convenient 
+form  for  giving  this  salts  is  the  ordinary  black  draught  of  the  shops. 
+
+
+
+Ergot  of  Kye Useful  in  cases  of  protracted  parturition.  Five  to  fifteen grains  may  be  given  in  a  little  warm  water  with  a  teaspoonful  of  brandy 
+added.     The  dose  repeated  in  an  hour  if  needed. 
+
+Ether,  Spirit  of  Nitrous  (Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre). — Diaphoretic  and 
+diuretic.     It  is  given  in  distemper,  fevers,  influenza,  etc.

everything_about_dogs_feeding.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+
+Feeding. — Here  is  an  important  subject  which  should  be  well  understood. 
+No  dog  over  six  months  old  should  ever  have  over  two  meals'  per  day,  and 
+regularity  in  eating  is  just  as  important  in  dogs  as  it  is  in  human  beings. 
+Dogs  should  have  plain  food,  but  don't  be  afraid  of  giving  them  some  meat 
+once  a  day,  cooked,  and  cut  up  small,  avoiding  fat,  and  also  not  feeding 
+veal  or  pork,  neither  of  which  are  good  for  dogs,  beef  and  mutton  are  both 
+good — we  eat  meat  every  day,  and  why  not  our  dogs.  Never  feed  lights,  not 
+digestible,  and  you  might  as  well  feed  leather.  Cooked  liver  is  always  rel- 
+ished by  a  clog,  and  once  a  week  of  cooked  liver  is  a  treat,  it  also  acting  as 
+a  laxative,  but  not  much  nourishment  in  liver  and.  a  dog  fed  too  much  liver 
+would  not  thrive,  gain  much  flesh,  or  keep  in  good  condition.  Now  as  to 
+milk — I  don't  go  much  on  too  much  sweet  milk,  don't  think  it  is  good  for  a 
+dog,  and  if  given  milk  daily,  would  soon  get  very  tired  of  it.  Sour  milk 
+once  in  a  while,  is  better.  Buttermilk  is  better  yet,  and  in  summer  time 
+I  give  my  dogs  all  around,  some  buttermilk  as  an  "extra.'  once  a  week.  As 
+to  feeding,  I  am  writing  now  as  to  the  older,  or  matured  dogs,  and  not  as 
+to  the  puppies,  as  to  their  feeding  being  advised   upon   elsewhere. 
+
+I  have  on  an  average  of  seventy-five  dogs  in  my  kennel,  and  here  is 
+their  bill  of  fare.  For  breakfast,  winch  is  served  about  seven  o'clock  in 
+summer  and  eight  o'clock  in  winter,  they  get  Spratt's  Patent  Dog  Cakes  for 
+their  breakfast,  fed  dry.  but  broken  up  into  small  pieces  (excepting  to  young 
+puppies  that  yet  require  soft  food  and  to  be  fed  oftener  than  twice  a  day). 
+This  I  break  up  with  a  hammer  on  the  board  walk  in  their  yards,  or  in 
+wet  weather,  on  the  kennel  floor,  spreading  it  out  so  the  dog's  don't  get  to 
+fighting.  I  let  them  all  pitch  in  and  cat,  which  they  do  with  a  relish,  and 
+why  shouldn't  they?  It  is  a  prepared  food  for  dogs,  composed  of  beef,  flour, 
+oatmeal,  bone  meal,  etc.,  in  fact  articles  that  a'dog  needs.  When  your  pup- 
+pies' teeth  are  developed  sufficiently  then  they  can  have  it,  but  broken  up 
+smaller.  Spratt's  Patent  make  a  special  prepared  Puppy  Cake,  which  is 
+more  suitable  for  the  youngsters.  See  their  page  advertisement  in  front  of 
+book,  or  I  can  furnish  you  with  it. 
+
+Spratts  now  Kibble  their  dog  cakes,  run  them  through  a  machine,  so 
+they  are  about  the  size  of  a  hickory  nut,  and  this  saves  the  trouble  of  break- 
+ing it  up — the  dogs  like  it,  although  some  of  my  larger  dogs  will  take  a 
+whole  cake  and  chew  it  up  like  a  bone. 
+
+As  a  rule,  it  is  best  to  feed  it  dry,  although  occasionally  it  is  a  good 
+plan  to  moisten  it  with  either  hot  or  cold  water  or  with  soup.  Dry,  it 
+serves  the  purpose  of  a  bone  and  good  for  cleaning  teeth,  sweetening  breath 
+and  is  digestible.  I  let  my  dogs  eat  about  what  they  want  for  breakfast, 
+but  if  any  is  left,  don't  let  it  lay,  but  pick  it  up  and  save  for  next  morning,  in 
+action  it  is  a  perfect  regulator,  and  its  use  will  give  a  dog  a  good  coat,  a 
+clean  breath  and  sound,  handsome  teeth.  Until  supper  time,  about  five 
+o'clock,  they  get  nothing,  and  this  is  as  it  should  be.  The  F.  H.  Bennett 
+Biscuit  Co.  (see  their  advertisement),  make  a  very  good  dog  cake,  called 
+Maltoid  Milk — Bone,  made  in  the  shape  of  a  bone,  and  I  have  used  this 
+also,  and  the  dogs  like  it.  Now  as  to  supper,  the  main  meal,  as  it  should 
+be  for  a  dog,  here  is  the  bill  of  fare  as  fed  for  years  in  my  kennel.  I  get 
+meat  sent  out  from  my  butcher  in  Cincinnati  daily,  beef,  mutton,  and  some- 
+times, a  sheep  or  calves  head  or  two  and  a  big  lot  of  fresh  bones,  and  my 
+man  cooks  this  up  in  a  big  kettle,  then  cuts  the  meat  up  into  small  pieces 
+and  trims  the  bones  down  some,  then  in  the  soup  we  put  Conner's  Cooked 
+Dog  Food,  which  is  a  cereal,  (see  their  advertisement),  and  makes  a  medium 
+thick  mush.     Now  when  feeding  time  comes  for  supper,  each  dog  is  fed  a 
+pan  of  this  mush  in  which  is  put  some  of  the  cut-up  cooked  meat,  and  this 
+well  mixed  or  stirred  up  in  the  mush,  so  the  dog  can't  pick  out  just  the 
+meat.  After  supper,  then  the  hones,  every  dog  getting  one  or  two  to  gnaw 
+on — as  their  desert,  and  they  all  love  a  hone  to  chew  up,  which  is  good 
+for  all  dogs.  If  any  chicken  bones,  or  small  bones  that  they  would  be  likely 
+to  split  up  and  make  slivers  of,  these  are  put  in  the  stove,  as  they  are 
+dangerous.  The  soup  is  occasionally  varied  by  adding  to  the  cooking  of  the 
+meat,  vegetables,  but  which  are  hard  to  get  here,  and  this  adds  a  relish  to 
+it.  You  must  use  your  judgment  as  to  how  much  meat  to  give  each  dog, 
+some  dogs  that  are  too  fat,  and  too  greedy,  must  not  be  given  all  they 
+would  eat.  If  a  dog  leaves  any  of  his  meal  in  his  pan,  don't  let  it  remain 
+there  to  get  stale,  but  gather  it  up.  -Quite  a  lot  of  the  dogs,  those  I  can 
+depend  on  to  not  fight  at  meal  time,  are  fed  together  in  the  main  yard 
+from  traps  or  larger  pans.  Pans  are  all  gathered  up  and  washed  that  night 
+so  as  to  be  sweet  and  clean  for  next  day — cleanliness  very  important  always. 
+Now  comes  the  "dessert" — the  bones,  which  we  throw  out  in  the  yards  so 
+that  each  one  has  a  large  bone  to  gnaw  on — and  don't  they  enjoy  this.  We 
+watch  them  while  they  are  at  the  bones,  where  "the  push"  are  together,  to 
+guard  against  fights  that  might  occur,  as  dogs,  like  some  children,  are  sel- 
+fish and  greedy,  and  try  to  take  the  other  dog's  bone  from  him.  Generally, 
+a  word  from  me  will  stop  this  trouble,  but  if  not  there  is  a  whip  handy  and 
+it  is  properly  used  to  quell  the  disturbance  promptly.  Chicken  bones,  or 
+any  small  bones  like  from  a  lamb  chop,  are  very  dangerous — bones  that 
+they  can  chew  up  into  slivers;  as  you  must  know  that  all  such  must  pass 
+down  and  through  all  the  intestines,  which  means  a  dangerous,  risky  trip, 
+as  it  is  not  straight,  but  a  very  winding  and  crooked  one,  the  great  danger  in 
+this  sliver,  if  it  passes  through  the  throat,  is  in  puncturing  or  getting  lodged 
+in  its  trip  through,  which  would  mean  death  to  the  dog.  Burn  all  your 
+Chicken  Bones  excepting  the  necks. 
+
+Vegetables  and  rice  mixed  in  the  mush  you  have  made  are  very  good 
+for  a  change,  and  the  bill  of  fare  can  be  thus  varied  once  a  week  or  so, 
+which  will  be  appreciated  by  the  dog.  Carrots  and  beets  are  the  beat  to 
+use,  cabbage  not  agreeing  with  all  dogs;  potatoes  are  too  fattening  and 
+possess  very  little  nourishment.  A  baked  sweet  potato  is  relished  by  dogs, 
+but  the  same  objection  applies  here,  besides  leaving  a  sweet  taste,  and  dogs 
+should  never  have  anything  sweet. 
+
+All  dogs  should  have  more  or  less  hard  feed  two  or  three  times  a  week 
+at  any  rate,  a  bone  or  a  biscuit,  or  something  they  can  use  their  teeth  upon 
+and  not  bolt.  A  dog's  teeth  are  just  as  Important  to  its  continued  well- 
+being  as  those  of  a  human  being,  and  as  we  cannot  provide  our  four  footed 
+friends  with  a  false  set,  every  care  should  be  exercised  in  order  to  preserve 
+the  teeth. 
+
+Of  vegetables,  onions,  carrots,  turnips,  beet  root,  and  a  few  potatoes 
+are  the  most  nutritious  and  fat  forming.  Cabbages  and  similar  kinds  are 
+good  for  the  blood,  but  contain  few  positive  properties.  Oatmeal  is  fatten- 
+ing but  heating;  rice  forms  an  ideal  food  for  toys,  being  very  easily  digested, 
+satisfying,  but  not  too  stimulative;  pearl  barley,  sago,  tapioca,  and  semolina 
+may  all  be  made  use  of  as  changes.  If  you  do  use  milk,  see  it  is  fresh,  and 
+then  boil  it.  Milk,  in  combination  with  other  material,  as  for  instance  in  the 
+way  of  a  rice  or  bread  pudding,  would  be  all  right,  or,  used  with  eggs. 
+
+Eggs  are  especially  useful  when  nourishment  has  to  be  given  with  a 
+spoon.  Cooked  liver  is  not  a  bad  thing  to  mix  in  the  food  once  in  awhile, 
+but  not  oftener  than  once  a  week. 
+
+Cornmeal  much  or  baked  corn  bread  for  a  change  in  winter  is  all  right, 
+but  much  too  heating  to  the  blood  in  summer.  Candy,  cake,  or  anything 
+sweet  or  too  greasy  should  never  be  given  a  dog — you  might  just  as  well 
+give  them  poison  in  small  doses.  Many  a  dog  has  died  before  its  time  due 
+to  this  mistaken  kindness  of  its  master  or  mistress.  When  darling  Fido  so 
+frightens  his  mistress  with  that  low  moan,  succeeded  by  that  painful  and 
+prolonged  howl,  with  his  back  arched,  his  feet  tucked  in  towards  each  other, 
+and  vainly  trying  every  possible  posture  to  escape  the  pain,  he  is  merely 
+suffering  the  natural  result  of  that  last  lump  of  sugar.     True,  Fido  may 
+
+have  had  sugar  frequently  without  suffering  in  this  way,  hut  the  last  lump 
+is  the 'straw  that  breaks  the  camel's  back;  and  no  surprise  need  be  felt  if 
+persistence  in  the  kindly-meant  but  objectionable  practices  induces  repeated 
+attacks  of  colic,  ending  in  inflammation  and  death. 
+
+I  have  been  called  in  many  a  time  to  see  a  sick  dog  that  was  in  misery 
+due  solely  to  improper  and  over-feeding,  but  could  do  it  no  good,  for  it 
+was  so  fat,  asthmatical  and  wheezy  that  it  could  hardly  walk  or  get  its 
+breath;  no  medical  skill  could  avail  and  the  pet  had  to  die — not  its  fault, 
+but  its  owner's.  Take  my  advice  and  warning — don't  feed  your  pet  these 
+poisons  every  time  it  begs  you,  perhaps  by  "sitting  up"  or  "speaking,"  but 
+treat  it  with  true  kindness  by  feeding  as  I  have  advised,  and  never  oftener 
+than  twice  a  day.  Always  keep  clean,  fresh  water  handy,  and  in  summer 
+see  that  it  is  never  exposed  to  the  sun.  Eggs  are  good  for  dogs,  but  I  have 
+found  that  in  cases  of  a  sick  dog  with  a  weak  stomach  very  few  of  them 
+can  hold  it  down.  Chicken  gravy,  or  the  gravy  with  a  little  flour  in  it,  as 
+the  wife  makes  it  in  stewing  chicken  giblets,  is  often  accepted  by  a  sick  dog 
+after  refusing  everything  else  that  has  been  offered  it. 
+
+A  sick  dog  will  sometimes  eat  a  stewed  beef  kidney. 
+
+If  you  feed  potatoes,  feed  mashed  potatoes,  as  these  the  dog  can  digest 
+easier.  If  you  have  only  one  dog,  get  him  used  to  eating  dog  cakes  dry, 
+for  his  breakfast,  and  for  his  supper,  you  may  have  enough  left  from  your 
+lunch  and  dinner  for  the  one  dog,  and  that  bone  from  the  porterhouse  steak, 
+or  from  the  roast,  will  be  appreciated  by  him. 
+
+Quite  a  valuable  article  is  the  following,  taken  from  American  Fancier 
+and  Stock-keeper,  as  to  feeding  of  Toy  Dogs.  In  it  are  good  ideas,  especially 
+applicable  to  dogs  at  bench  shows,  but  good  to  adopt  even  for  dogs  at  home. 
+
+"The  proper  way  to  feed  toy  dogs  is  an  everlasting  subject  of  debate 
+where  two  or  three  are  gathered  together  in  show  corners.  There  is  no 
+proper  way  per  se.  The  question  of  suitable  feed  all  depends,  both  upon 
+the  breed  and  the  individual.  Sloppy  food,  for  toys  as  well  as  in  the  inter- 
+ests of  bigger  dogs,  must  be  avoided,  and  food  that  is  solid  and  somewhat 
+concentrated  is  indicated.  In  the  case  of  Pomeranians  and  other  long  coated 
+dogs  stronger  food  is  more  desirable  than  for  smooths.  That  is,  the  drain 
+of  the  coat  on  the  dog's  system  must  be  met.  Likewise  the  nervous  energy 
+of  these  small  dogs  must  be  taken  into  consideration.  The  Pomeranian,  for 
+instance,  will  wear  himself  to  a  shadow  much  sooner  than  the  easy  going 
+pug  or  toy  spaniel.  In  the  former's  case  a  diet  varied,  digestible  and  nutri- 
+tious, much  in  a  little,  is  the  proper  thing,  and  nothing  is  better  than  under- 
+done (rare),  roast  beef  and  chicken,  which  to  vary  the  diet  may  be  alternated 
+with  fresh  tripe  and  white  fish,  from  which  all  bones  must  be  taken  out. 
+
+Pet  dogs,  whose  vigorous  constitutions  and  active  appetites  call  for  a 
+greater  bulk  of  food,  should  be  fed  on  boiled  rice  or  crumbled  stale  bread 
+in  conjunction  with  the  meat,  the  meat  being  fed  last.  It  is  not  good  to 
+fill  these  little  gluttons  out  with  milk  or  as  much  meat  as  they  will  eat. 
+Plain  rice  is  not  heating  and  does  not  fatten  like  meals.  Should  a  toy  dog 
+take  to  the  dog  biscuit  these  may  also  be  given  chopped  dry. 
+
+"A  great  many  toy  dogs  suffer  more  or  less  from  cankered  teeth  brought 
+on  by  fermentation  in  the  stomach,  in  most  cases  due  entirely  to  an  indiscreet 
+diet  of  sloppy,  sweet  foods.  Eschew  all  these  and  bring  the  little  chaps 
+down  to  a  dry,  hard  diet  if  possible,  or  a  diet  which  will  make  them  chew 
+and  not  lap  or  bolt  their  foods.  Nature  provided  the  dog  in  its  natural 
+state  with  a  stomach  that  would  digest  nails,  as  the  saying  goes,  but  civili- 
+zation has  altered  all  this  for  the  pet  dog,  as  well  as  his  owner,  and  modern 
+excesses  work  their  ills  on  both.     So  the  different  conditions  must  be  met." 
+
+The  following  written  by  Dent,  is  especially  intended  to  apply  as  to 
+Feeding  of  Hunting  Dogs: 
+
+"The  dog  is  a  carniverous  animal,  and  although  domestication  and 
+association  with  man  have,  in  some  respects,  altered  or  affected  his  organs 
+of  digestion,  he  thrives  best  upon  a  mixed  diet  or  one  containing  both  meat, 
+grain  and  vegetables.  The  proportions  of  these  depend  altogether  upon  the 
+individual's  constitution,  peculiar  existing  state  of  health,  and  the  work  he 
+is  called  upon  to  do.    These  matters  can  only  be  determined  by  experiment 
+
+and  observation.  Food  and  water  are  to  the  muscular  system  what  fuel  and 
+steam  are  to  the  locomotive.  Muscular  exertion  calls  for  a  destruction  of 
+muscular  elements;  the  destruction  of  muscular  elements  generates  heat  in 
+varying  degrees  and  a  large  amount  of  effete  poisonous  matter  that  the  kid- 
+neys and  bowels  are  called  upon  to  remove. 
+
+"If  the  clog  is  in  good  condition,  the  muscles  firm,  elastic  and  properly 
+nurtured  by  a  fit  diet,  muscular  effort  will,  if  severe,  produce  only  the 
+minimum  amount  of  heat  and  effete  matter.  If  the  animal  is  in  poor  condi- 
+tion, the  muscles  soft  and  flabby,  surrounded  by  fat,  slight  exercise  will 
+consume  a  large  amount  of  this  tissue  and  produce  a  corresponding  amount 
+of  heat  and  waste  products.  And  it  is  these  poisonous  waste  products  that 
+the  athlete,  horse  and  dog  have  to  contend  with,  and,  no  matter  how  carefully 
+trained  it  is,  these  waste  products  eventually  limit  their  performance. 
+
+"A  dog's  wind  may  be  all  right,  he  is  ready  to  go  and  wants  to  go, 
+but  if  the  production  of  these  waste  products  is  too  rapid  for  their  removal 
+by  the  kidneys  and  other  organs,  they  remain  in  the  system  and  partially 
+paralyze  the  nerves  controlling  the  muscles  and  they  refuse  to  act. 
+
+"The  fat  or  muscle-making  possibilities  of  various  foods  and  the  ani- 
+mal's actual  condition  can  be  studied  very  intelligently  by  the  use,  after  ex- 
+ercise or  work,  of  a  small  clinical  thermometer.  When  the  maximum  amount 
+of  work  short  of  actual  exhaustion  produces  the  minimum  degree  of  heat 
+as  registered  by  the  thermometer,  the  animal  is  in  the  best  condition  and 
+the  foods  that  will  afford  these  results  are  the  foods  to  be  adopted,  and  the 
+foods  that  produce  the  largest  amount  of  heat  for  a  given  amount  of  work 
+are  to  be  avoided,  as  a  general  working  system. 
+
+"It  can  be  laid  down  that  the  quantity  of  meat  can  be  reduced  during 
+the  close  season  and  increased  during  the  working  season  to  almost  an  all- 
+meat  diet  with  satisfactory  results.  Oatmeal  and  unbolted  wheat  flour  are 
+the  most  desirable  of  grains.  Wheat  dour,  rye  or  barley  shorts  should 
+be  baked  as  bread  pones  and  allowed  to  cool  and  afterward  broken  up  and 
+softened  with  meat  liquor,  soup  or  milk.  Cornmeal  is  a  popular  food  with 
+trainers,  probably  on  account  of  its  price,  ease  of  obtaining  and  preparing, 
+but  it  is  a  fat  producer  and  not  a  muscle  builder.  No  horse  trainer  would 
+feed  it  to  a  thoroughbred  when  conditioning  him  for  a  race,  and  while 
+trainers  may  feel  satisfied  with  the  way  their  dogs  thrive,  I  am  sure  they 
+would  be  capable  of  greater  muscular  effort  if  fed  on  one  of  the  other  grains. 
+"A  very  good  way  of  preparing  food  for  a  siring  of  dogs  is  to  purchase 
+a  few  sheeps'  heads,  a  couple  of  beeves'  heads,  or  a  liver  or  two,  or  twenty 
+or  thirty  pounds  of  chucks  or  neck  pieces  chopped  fine.  Boil  the  heads  in  a 
+kettle  until  they  are  thoroughly  cooked,  and  the  meat  can  easily  be  scraped 
+from  the  bones.  This  meat  should  then  be  chopped  or  shredded  into  small 
+pieces  and  mixed  with  from  three  to  six  times  its  weight  of  whole  wheat 
+flour,  rye  or  corn  meal,  softened  and  worked  up  with  soup  liquor.  To  this 
+may  be  added  enough  black  molasses  to  slightly  sweeten  the  whole  and 
+then  it  is  to  be  thoroughly  baked  over  a  slow  fire  and  afterward  allowed 
+to  not  only  cool,  but  partially  dry,  in  which  condition  it  will  keep  indefi- 
+nitely. When  it  is  to  be  fed,  break  it  up  into  pieces,  and  feed  dry  or  soften  it 
+with  meat  or  vegetable  soup.  This  food  can  also  be  improved  by  adding 
+vegetables,  such  as  carrots,  turnips,  beets,  onions  or  cabbage,  in  the  propor- 
+tion of  one  pound  of  vegetables  to  from  five  to  ten  pounds  of  meat  and 
+grain. 
+
+"The  sportsman  owning  only  one  or  two  dogs,  who  will  condition  his 
+dogs  on  food  prepared  in  this  way,  and  who  will  carry  with  him  a  suffi- 
+cient quantity  to  provide  for  his  dogs  while  on  a  hunting  trip,  will  be  amply 
+repaid  by  their  superior  condition,  and  he  will  never  go  back  to  the  make- 
+shift diet  of  table  scraps  that  is  too  often  resorted  to. 
+
+"Dog  biscuits  simplify  the  feeding  problem  and  the  professional  trainer 
+or.  sportsman  who  uses  them  as  a  staple  diet  can  go  on  an  extended  hunting 
+trip  or  even  to  remote  sections  of  the  country,  where  there  are  no  conven- 
+iences for  preparing  food,  and  feel  sure  of  his  dog  having  a  properly  bal- 
+anced ration.  The  ordinary  dog  biscuit  contains  only  a  small  proportion  of 
+meat,   hardly  sufficient  for  a  dog  during  the  close  season.     When  hunting 
+
+or  training  it  is  advisable  to  have  a  special  biscuit  prepared  with  the  pro- 
+portion of  meat  doubled  or  trebled,  or  feed  fresh  meat  in  addition  to  the 
+regular-biscuit. 
+
+"The  number  of  meals  a  dog  should  be  given  daily  is  a  matter  fre- 
+quently discussed.  I  prefer  to  give  a  light  meal  in  the  morning  (fed  dry), 
+such  as  two  or  three  dog  biscuits  or  their  equivalent,  and  a  full  meal  at 
+night.  The  morning  meal  should  be  given  at  least  one  hour  before  the  dog 
+is  put  down  in  the  field,  so  as  to  enable  the  stomach  juices  to  partially  digest 
+it.  Under  no  circumstances  should  a  dog  be  worked  directly  after  feeding 
+a  full  meal.  The  stomach,  like  all  muscles  and  organs,  requires  during 
+action  an  increased  blood  supply.  During  exercise  the  blood  is  drawn  from 
+the  stomach  and  other  internal  organs  to  other  parts  of  the  body  and  the 
+food,  instead  of  being  digested,  lies  as  a  heavy  load  with  a  liability  to  fer- 
+ment and  produce  diarrhea  or  dysentery  that  will  incapacitate  the  animal. 
+Table  scraps  and  'pick  ups,'  if  clean  and  fresh,  free  from  fat  and  grease 
+(they  seldom  are),  may  be  tolerated  for  house  or  pet  dogs,  but  the  sports- 
+man who  attempts  to  take  his  dog  through  a  hard  season's  hunting  on  such 
+food  is  blind  to  his  own  and  his  dog's  interests." 
+
+Feeding  Puppies. — Now  as  to  feeding  of  puppies.  As  soon  as  they  are 
+weaned,  which  should  be  done  gradually,  and  which  you  will  find  under 
+head  of  "Breeding,"  their  food  should  consist  of  boiled  or  scalded  milk 
+(never  feed  raw  milk  to  puppy)  in  which  soak  some  bread.  Potatoes  and 
+gravy,  bread  and  gravy,  and  soups  with  plenty  of  vegetables  in,  such  as 
+carrots,  turnips,  beets  and  rice.  Chicken  gravy  or  the  gravy  from  stewed 
+giblets  in  which  some  flour  has  been  added,  is  a  very  nourishing  and  fa- 
+vorite food  for  puppies.  If  the  scalded  milk  is  found  to  be  too  constipating, 
+add  some  oatmeal  porridge  to  thicken  it.  When  he  is  cutting  his  teeth, 
+crumbs  of  toast,  hard  cracker  or  crusts  of  stale  bread  are  needed.  No  one 
+cares  to  eat  the  outside  slice  of  a  loaf,  so  that  may  be  made  stale,  hard,  and 
+broken  up  for  the  liUle  dog,  well  soaked  in  the  soup  or  milk.  Spratt's 
+Patent  makes  a  special  puppy  biscuit  that  is  very  good  to  feed  to  the  young- 
+sters as  soon  as  their  teeth  will  admit  of  chewing  same,  which  biscuit 
+should  be  broken  up  into  small  pieces.  You  can  also  feed  this  softened  in 
+soup.  When  the  puppy  is  about  up  to  three  months  old,  1  would  then  give 
+this  biscuit  for  one  meal  a  day,  fed  dry  but  broken  into  small  pieces.  A 
+very  little  cooked  beef  and  mutton,  cut  up  very  fine  can  now  be  given 
+mixed  in  with  their  other  foods,  and  some  of  the  mush  of  stale  bread  (see 
+article  on  Feeding)  will  be  all  right  to  give  them,  in  which  you  can  mix 
+thoroughly  the  finely  cut  up  meat,  but  not  too  much  meat  until  a  little 
+older.  Puppies  up  to  three  months  of  age  should  be  fed  four  times  a  day 
+and  then  gradually  cut  down  to  three  meals  a  day,  which  will  generally  be 
+often  enough  to  feed  until  they  get  to  be  from  four  to  five  months  old.  At 
+six  months  old,  or  about  there,  I  put  them  on  the  regular  bill  of  fare  with 
+the  grown  dogs,  excepting  that  their  portion  of  cooked  meat  is  not  so 
+liberally  dealt  out  at  supper,  but  the  large  bones  they  have  free  access  to 
+with  the  older  dogs.  I  don't  believe  in  keeping  a  puppy  on  a  milk  diet  too 
+long,  and  think  it  best  to  break  them  off  from  this  when  they  get  along  to  be 
+three  or  four  months  old  and  let  water  be  their  drink. 
+
+Burn  all  your  chicken,  turkey  and  fish  bones  or  any  small  bones  like 
+those  from  a  lamb  chop.  Small  bones  are  dangerous.  Dogs  chew  them  up 
+rapidly  and  being  tender,  make  slivers  of  them,  and  if  one  of  these  small 
+slivers  gets  into  a  dog's  throat  the  wrong  way  or  fails  to  pass  through 
+without  any  detention — it's  generally  a  case  of  "good-bye  dog."  Many  dogs 
+have  died  from  this  alone. 
+
+Avoid  sharp  bones,  especially  fish  and  chicken  bones,  as  you  would 
+poison,  for  they  frequently  are  more  effective  in  killing  a  dog  than  is 
+strychnine  or  some  other  deadly  agent;  in  that  poison  can  be  neutralized 
+by  powerful  antidotes  or  removed  by  the  use  of  emetics,  while  a  bone  finds 
+its  way  into  the  intestines  and  does  its  deadly  work  without  hindrance. 
+
+Confections,  cake  and  dainties  of  all  sorts  should  also  be  tabooed  from 
+the  bill  of  fare;  they  are  not  the  natural  food  of  a  dog,  and  beside  their 
+weakening  effect  create  a  false  and  dainty  appetite  which  interferes  with 
+
+the  regular  meals,  causing  a  smaller  quantity  to  be  consumed  owing  to 
+desire  to  get  something  nice  or  an  artificial  repugnance  to  substantial  food' 
+if  there  is  a  possibility  that  "sugar"  will  be  forthcoming.

everything_about_dogs_medicle_terms.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+-
+
+(This  classification  of  drugs  and  explanations  is  given  because  the 
+terms  are  used  to  avoid  verbosity). 
+
+Alteratives. — Medicines  which,  if  given  in  small  and  repeated  doses 
+gradually  bring  about  a  healthy  state  of  the  system  without  seriously  aug- 
+menting the  secretions — such  as  arsenic  and  its  preparations,  iodide  of  po- 
+tassium, etc. 
+
+Anesthetics. — Chloroform,  or  ether,  drugs  that  deprive  of  sensation  or 
+feeling.  t  ..^^ 
+
+Anodynes. — Morphine   or   cocaine,   drugs   that   assuage  pain. 
+
+Antiseptics. — Medicines  that  resist  or  check  putrefaction,  such  as  chlor- 
+ide of  lime,  carbolic  acid,  soda,  creosote,  etc. 
+
+Antispasmodics. — Medicine  that  overcomes  inordinate  muscular  action, 
+from  their  sedative  effects  allaying  spasms  and  convulsions,  as  chloroform 
+or  opium. 
+
+Aperients. — See  Cathartics. 
+
+Astringents. — Drugs   used   internally  that  contract  muscular   fiber  and 
+
+check  diarrhea,  hemorrhage  and  diabetes,  used  extensively  to  stop 
+bleeding  and  diminish  discharge  from  wounds,  such  as  alum,  gallic  acid,  etc. 
+
+Blisters. — Agents  used  as  counter  irritants  for  internal  inflammation. 
+Strong  liquid  ammonia  being  a  good  and  quick  blister  for  a  dog;  it  may  be 
+applied  on  a  cloth  or  sponge  held  on  the  part  to  be  blistered  for  about  ten 
+minutes.  Spirits  of  turpentine  is  also  good;  wring  a  piece  of  red  flannel 
+out  of  hot  water,  sprinkle  with  turpentine,  and  apply  to  the  part.  Pure 
+olive  oil  should  afterward  be  applied  to  blistered  parts. 
+
+Cordials. — Medicines  that  increase  strength,  stimulate  the  stomach 
+and  animate  the  spirits.  Cordials  are  often  given  to  hunting  dogs  after 
+a  hard  day's  work  in  the  field.     Here  is  a  good  one  to  use. 
+
+Cordiane  Ball. — Take  powdered  cardamon  seeds  1  dram,  oil  of  carra- 
+ways  10  drops,  oil  of  cloves  5  drops,  powdered  gum  acacia  %  dram,  made 
+into  a  paste  with  syrup;  dose  for  a  greyhound  or  hunting  dogs  is  one- 
+fourth  of  this,  given  wrapped  in  an  ounce  of  lean  mutton. 
+
+Carminatives. — Medicines  that  expel  wind,  such  as  oil  of  peppermint, 
+ginger,   etc. 
+
+Cathartics,  Purgatives,  Aperients. — Medicines  to  cause  discharges, 
+cleansing  stomach   and  bowels.      Laxatives  and  mild  aperients. 
+
+Caustics. — Agents  that  destroy  or  decompose  parts  to  which  they  are 
+applied,  used  for  proud  flesh  in  wounds,  to  destroy  warts,  to  sear  the  parts 
+and  prevent  absorption  of  virus  in  case  of  bites,  etc.,  etc.  Nitrate  of  silver, 
+carbolic  acid,  nitric  acid  or  the  hot  iron  are  the  most  active. 
+
+Demulcents. — Agents  to  soften  effecs  of  irritants,  by  sheathing  the 
+surface,  such  as  glycerine,  gum  acacia,  and  are  used  as  a  vehicle  in  giving 
+such  irritating  articles  as  turpentine,  oil  of  male  fern,  and  many  others. 
+
+Diaphoretics. — Medicines  to  produce  sweating,  as  sweet  spirits  of  nitre. 
+
+Diuxetics, — Remedies  which  increase  discharge  of  urine,  such  as  nitrate 
+of  potash,  Venice  turpentine,  balsam  copabia,  etc. 
+
+Emetics. — Agents  used  to  produce  vomiting.  A  dog's  stomach  is  very 
+easily  acted  on.  Numerous  medicines  are  used.  Ipecacuanha  wine  is  easy 
+in  its  effects.  Emetic  tartar  and  common  salt  are  useful  emetics.  .  Dogs 
+eat   grass   to   produce   vomiting. 
+
+Emollients. — Agents  that  soften  or  relax  the  parts  applied  to,  such  as 
+poultices,  camphorated  oil,  olive  oil  and  fomentations. 
+
+Laxatives. — See  Cathartics. 
+
+Narcotics. — Medicines  to  produce  sleep  and  relieve  pain.  Morphine  is 
+used  mostly  for  the  dog. 
+
+Purgatives. — See  Cathartics. 
+
+Stimulants. — Medicine  and  liquors  used  to  produce  immediate  but  tem- 
+porary increase  of  strength;  given  in  collapse,  exhaustion,  or  in  excessive 
+debility,  when  fever  is  not  present.  Sherry  wine  clear,  whisky  with  a  little 
+water  added,   or   good  port  wine,   are   good. 
+
+Stomachics  and  Tonics. — Medicines  to  excite  and  strengthen  the  stom- 
+ach. Tonics  are  especially  good  in  cases  of  debility  following  fever,  dis- 
+temper and  lowering  diseases;  mostly  used  for  the  dog  are,  quinine,  iron, 
+gentian,  rhubarb  ,etc.  There  are  several  condition  pills  now  put  up,  espe- 
+cially for  dogs.  Sergeants'  Condition  Pills,  Glover's  Tonic  and  Dent's 
+Condition  Pills  are  all  good.  Dr.  Glover's  is  in  liquid  form.  Either  of 
+these  will  do  the  work. 
+
+Vermifuge. — Medicines  to   destroy   or   expel   worms. 
+
+Clysters  or  Enemas. — These  agents  are  mostly  in  the  liquid  form,  and 
+are  administered  for  various  purposes,  as  the  softening  and  removal  of 
+hardened  fceces,  the  allaying  of  spasm  or  colic  in  the  bowels,  the  destruction 
+of  worms,  for  checking  diarrhea,  and  more  rarely  for  nourishing  the  body. 
+The  forms  for  clysters  will  be  found  in  the  parts  of  the  work  treating  of 
+these  ailments  in  which  they  are  used.  The  means  of  injecting  the  clyster 
+is  usually  the  common  bladder  and  pipe  sold  by  druggists  at  2  5  cents 
+each,  or  what  is  greatly  better,  an  india  rubber  bottle  enema,  which  gives 
+the  operator  greater  power,  and  is  itself  less  trouble,  being  self-filling.

everything_about_dogs_start_note.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+AT  LAST!  The  crowning  and  final  effort  of  my  life — 
+for  dogs — is  accomplished,  and  this  third  and  final  edition 
+of  "EVERYTHING  ABOUT  DOGS"   is   out. 
+
+Many  days  and  nights  'till  the  clock  would  strike  up  to  three  in  the 
+morning,  have  I  sat  at  my  desk  and  written,  handicapped  by  my  eyes,  (one 
+of  them  having  been  operated  on  and  a  cataract  removed),  and  when  1 
+started  this  book  I  was  afraid  the  strain  on  them  would  be  more  than  they 
+could  stand,  but  took  the  chance,  for  I  felt  it  was  my  duty  to  dogs,  because 
+I  knew  how  much  good  it  would  do  dogs,  to  get  to  the  dog  owners  of  this 
+country  what  is  in  this  book,  and  my  reward  for  all  this  labor  of  love  is 
+ever  present  within  me,  and  I  am  now  fully  repaid,  aside  from  the  profit 
+consideration  part  of  it  in  dollars,  and  this  part  not  so  great  as  it  should 
+have  been,  due  to  the  inflated  cost  of  paper  and  everything  else  pertaining 
+to  attempting  to  get  out  a  book  in  war  times,  but  I  never  started  to  do 
+anything  and  changed  my  mind,  or  failed  to  get  through  with  it.  I've  had 
+human  friends  "change  their  minds" — and  fail  me — in  time  of  need,  but 
+never  a  dog — and  this  is  another  "difference"  between  a  man  and  a  dog. 
+The  word  "man"  used  here,  applies  to  both  sexes  in  humans — as  I  have 
+found  it,  even  if  the  women  are  now  voting  in  several  states.  I  want  to 
+say,  before  going  any  further,  that  I  am  not  writing  through  any  spirit  of 
+egotism  or  self-flattery,  not  "throwing  bouquets  at  myself" — (never  could 
+stand  for  this  in  anyone),  and  I  hope  you  will  not  misjudge  me  as  to  this, 
+for  I've  been  truthful  and  honest  all  my  life,  and  will  keep  it  up  this  way. 
+There  never  was  another  "dog  book"  just  like  this — others  may  be  larger, 
+more  pretentious,  the  language  used  of  a  higher  grade — and  all  that,  but 
+this  book  is  what  I  believe,  and  feel,  will  accomplish  its  ami— to  do  good 
+to  dogs — and  that's  what  I  wrote  it  for.  There  is  so  much  in  the  book 
+that  is  good  (not  all  my  own  real  knowledge),  but  this  book  means,  and  isr^— 
+
+
+the  best  knowledge  that  could  be  gathered  together,  from  my  experience  of 
+all  my  life  in  dogs,  and  of  others,  more  wise  than  I. 
+
+It  has  all  been  done  for  dogs,  my  love  for  dogs,  my  earnest  and  upper- 
+most desire  through  all  the  many  years  of  my  life — do  good  to  dogs,  and  1 
+have  been  hunting  for — saving  up — trying  and  digesting  carefully,  every- 
+thing herein,  so  as  to  feel  reasonably  sure  it  was  good  for  dogs,  and  the 
+book  is  put  out  with  a  most  comfortable  feeling  that  it  will  do  a  mighty 
+lot  of  good  to  dogs.  Humans  may  "bite"  you,  (watch  out  for  that  bite, 
+for  I  know),  but  never  will  your  dog  bite  you — and  harm  you.  Often 
+bitten  by  dogs  I  have  been,  but  the  dog  did  not  know  he  was  biting  his 
+best  friend,  but  the  humans  who  did  "bite"  me — they  knew. 
+
+My  father  was  a  minister  for  forty  years,  and  I  used  to  have  the  idea 
+that  I  would  get  into  Heaven  on  the  "family  ticket,"  but  I  now  believe, 
+that  should  I  fail  on  this,  that  what  I've  done  for  dogs  will  pass  me  in — 
+(or  ought  to) — anyhow,  I've  two  chances.  I  made  my  will  not  long  ago, 
+and  in  it  a  provision  as  to  a  home  for  each  of  the  dogs  in  the  kennel  when 
+I  am  called  away,  (you  should  do  the  same),  and  when  it's  time  to  go  to  the 
+mysterious  beyond,  about  the  last  comforting  feeling  will  be,  that  my  loved 
+dogs  will  be  cared  for  nearly  as  well  as  I  have  done  for  them. 
+
+In  a  preface  to  a  former  edition  I  said  to  own  a  thoroughbred  dog, 
+so  as  not  to  have  to  apologise  to  your  friends  when  they  saw  your  dog, 
+but  I  want  to  change  this  now — to,  own  a  dog — any  kind  of  a  dog,  even  if 
+not  pedigreed — just  so  it's  a  dog — so  you  can  make  that  one  dog  happy.  My 
+heart  aches,  often,  when  I  see  a  poor  homeless  cur  on  the  streets,  hungry 
+and  thirsty — and  if  it  were  possible,  I  would  take  that  dog  home — but  there 
+is  a  limit  to  everything.  That  night,  after  in  bed,  I  lay  awake,  thinking  of 
+that  poor,  homeless  dog  I  met  on  the  street  in  the  city  today. 
+
+By  this  time  many  who  read  this  will  have  decided  that  I  am  a 
+"krank" — so  I  am — as  to  dogs —  and  proud  of  it.  The  "curs"  you  see  on 
+the  streets,  homeless  and  friendless,  are  to  be  blamed  for,  because  of  the 
+owners  of  female  dogs,  that  were  not  kept  up,  but  were  allowed  to  run 
+loose  on  the  street  when  in  season,  (but  should  have  been),  and  here  is 
+where  the  mongrels  come  from.  There  ought  to  be  a  law  in  every  state 
+that  when  a  female  is  in  season,  she  must  be  kept  confined  till  over  it,  or, 
+a  penalty  of  a  fine  of  twenty-five  dollars,  for  here  is  where  these  "curs" 
+come  from.  If  you  see  or  meet  one  of  these  poor  "unfortunates,"  if  you 
+can't  give  him  a  home  yourself,  try  to  get  some  friend  to  take  the  dog  and 
+give  it  the  home  any  and  every  dog  deserves. 
+
+Twenty-two  thousand  of  my  former  two  editions  of  this  book  were  sold, 
+a  wonderful  record,  beating  the  combined  sales  of  all  the  other  dog  books 
+ever  published,  and  I  only  wish  it  were  possible  to  publish  the  thousands  of 
+letters  I  have  received  unsolicited — for  they  have  made  my  heart  glad — 
+often — when  it  needed  it  too. 
+
+
+You  can't  do  too  much  for  dogs,  and  all  you  do  for  them  they  will  re- 
+pay you  a  hundred  fold. 
+
+When  you  get  a  dog,  arrange  to  care  for  it  properly;  provide  a  suitable 
+place  for  it  to  live  and  sleep,  and  especially  see  to  it  that  your  dog  gets 
+plenty  of  exercise,  which  is  as  essentially  necessary  as  food  and  water  to 
+keep  it  in  health. 
+
+When  you  take  your  dog  for  a  walk,  teach  him  to  mind  you;  if  he 
+runs  too  far  ahead,  call  him  back,  and  never  allow  him  to  cross  over  the 
+street  ahead  of  you,  as  any  dog  is  liable  to  do  should  he  see  another  dog  on 
+the  other  side.  A  dog's  judgment  is  faulty  as  to  how  quick  he  can  get  over  . 
+In  front  of  a  car  coming,  and  when  he  sees  the  other  dog  he  forgets  all 
+this  and  doesn't  see  or  hear  the  electric  car  or  auto  that  is  rapidly  coming  up 
+or  down  the  street.  Many  a  dog  has  been  killed  this  way,  even  when  out 
+with  his  master  or  mistress,  because  they  were  not  watching  out  for  their 
+dog.  When  you  come  to  a  street  crossing,  look  and  see  if  any  car  is  coming; 
+stop  a  second,  see  that  your  dog  is  behind  you  and  that  it  stops;  then,  if 
+the  coast  is  clear  say  "All  right,  come  on,  Jack!"  Your  dog  can  soon  be 
+taught  to  follow  and  mind  you.  The  writer  has  for  years  past  taken  out 
+from  fifteen  to  twenty  dogs  at  a  time  every  afternoon  for  a  walk  on  the 
+streets  of  Cincinnati,  and  all  under  such  control  that  by  the  crack  of  a  whip 
+they  would  all  stop  at  a  crossing,  and  a  second  crack  and  say  "Go!"  over 
+they  flew,  and  enjoyed  it,  too.  With  only  one  dog  for  a  walk  no  danger  need 
+ever  befall  him  if  you  are  watching  out  for  him  as  you  should  do. 
+
+If  your  dog  gets  into  the  bad  habit  of  running  and  barking  at  a  horse, 
+bicycle  or  a  person,  break  him  of  this  at  once  by  calling  him  to  you  there 
+and  then;  scold  him  and  switch  him  sharply  over  his  back — any  dog  can 
+soon  be  broken  of  this  by  proper  punishment  at  the  time,  or  of  any  fault 
+if  he  is  punished  and  knows  what  it  is  for.  Whipping  a  dog  after  the 
+fault  does  no  good  and  is  only  an  unnecessary  infliction.  Whipping  is  not 
+necessarily  cruelty  any  more  than  it  would  be  to  punish  your  child  when 
+it  needed  it,  and  children  need  it  oftener  than  dogs  do.  Get  a  rawhide,  keep 
+it  handy,  and  when  your  dog  needs  it  give  him  a  few  sharp  cuts  across  the 
+rump  or  back,  which  will  smart  and  sting,  and  he'll  remember  it.  Never 
+strike  him  over  the  head  or  kick  him,  which  is  brutal.  Don't  get  angry 
+yourself,  keep  cool,  for  the  dog  can  notice  this  the  same  as  your  child  could, 
+and  the  punishment  loses  its  effect.  Your  dog  loves  you  from  the  first  hour 
+you  have  him,  and  he'll  love  you  none  the  less  for  a  deserved  punishment. 
+
+Whipping  is  not  necessary  with  all  dogs,  scolding  answering  the  pur- 
+pose in  many  cases.  Dogs  possess  so  much  intelligence  that  a  good  scolding, 
+especially  in  older  ones,  will  do  just  as  well,  and  I  consider  it  preferable. 
+I  have  dogs  now  that  act  heart-broken  when  I  scold  them  and  continue  so 
+till  I  again  talk  to  them  and  "make  up"  by  saying,  "Don't  you  know,  Jack, 
+that  you  were  a  very  bad  dog?"  and.  "Now  if  you'll  be  good  I'll  forgive  you, 
+
+
+but  you  mustn't  do  so  any  more."     Then  see  how  happy  Jack  is  and  how  he'll 
+jump  all  over  you  for  joy. 
+
+You  can  reason  with  all  dogs.  The  "punishment  should  fit  the  crime," 
+and  therefore  use  judgment.  When  your  dog  deserves  praise,  don't  be 
+stingy  about  giving  it,  but  talk  to  him;  he'll  understand  your  words  and 
+oaresses,  and  by  his  actions,  the  loving  looks  from  his  eyes  and  the  wag  of 
+his  tail,  he'll  show  you  how  much  he  appreciates  it. 
+
+As  to  giving  sulphur  to  dogs,  this  is  an  old  tradition  handed  down 
+from  no  one  knows  where,  and  here  is  where  many  dog  owners  make  a 
+mistake.  If  your  dog  gets  sick  your  neighbor  will  say:  "Oh,  give  it  some 
+sulphur."  Whoever  invented  this  idea  knew  very  little  about  dogs.  Sul- 
+phur in  its  place  is  all  right,  but  a  continual  use  of  it  to  excess  thins  the 
+blood,  weakens  the  dog,  and  does  harm  far  more  than  good.  Many  a  poor 
+dog  has  been  overdosed  with  sulphur  when  it  did  not  need  it  at  all.  I've 
+heard  of  people  keeping  a  lump  of  sulphur  in  the  dog's  drinking  pan,  and 
+in  this  case  it  did  no  harm  nor  any  good,  for  you  can  leave  a  lump  of  it 
+in  water  for  ten  years  and  the  dog  never  gets  any  of  it,  because  sulphur  and 
+water  do  not  mix,  and  it  only  serves  to  give  the  water  a  nasty  taste  in  the 
+imagination  of  the  dog.  Sulphur  given  about  once  a  month  in  summer  is 
+all  right  for  grown  dogs;  the  proper  dose  being  for  large  breeds,  a  good 
+teaspoonful  of  flour  of  sulphur  smoothly  mixed  in  milk,  to  be  given  before 
+breakfast;  an  even  teaspoonful  for  smaller  breeds.  It  can  also  be  given 
+mixed  up  in  molasses,  which  will,  however,  act  more  quickly  as  a  physic. 
+
+If  you  live  in  a  flat,  or  have  no  yard  so  the  dog  can  get  grass,  you  can 
+plant  some  grass  seed  in  a  box  and  have  it  all  the  year  around  for  your  dog 
+to  eat.  Get  the  seed  of  the  kind  of  grass  that  dogs  like — any  seed  store 
+has  it — and  you  can  just  as  well  raise  and  keep  grass  for  your  dog  as  you 
+can  raise  flowers  indoors.  Keep  box  sitting  on  floor  so  dog  can  go  to  it  when 
+he  wants  to.     You  provide  the  grass,  and  he'll  do  the  rest. 
+
+This  preface  or  introductory,  is  about  all  I  can  say — it  seems  to  me  it 
+has  covered  the  subject,  but  read  all  the  rest  in  the  book,  under  the  several 
+headings,  so  you  don't  miss  anything  of  all  the  good  things  this  book  con- 
+tains. 
+
+So  I'll  close,  by  dedicating  the  book  to  dogs,  and  their  owners. 
+
+Faithfully  yours, 
+
+AL.  G.  EBERHART. 

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+{
+    "everything_about_dogs_administering_medicine.txt": "Here is a summary of the document everything_about_dogs_administering_medicine.txt:\n\n*   It is better to trick a dog into taking medicine naturally rather than forcing it.\n*   Liquids can be poured into the patient's cheek to drain through the teeth.\n*   To make a dog swallow, hold their head up, close their nostrils and jaws for a couple of seconds.\n*   Pills can be placed at the back of the tongue, and the jaws closed quickly to make the dog swallow.\n*   Pills can be hidden in a piece of meat.\n*   Castor oil, cod liver oil, syrup of phosphates, and many powders can be mixed with savory broth or porridge.\n*   Powders can be mixed with butter, honey or syrup, and placed at the back of the tongue.\n*   Gelatine capsules are useful for administering powders.\n*   Use a rubber syringe, not a glass one, for injections.\n*   Dogs resemble man in temperament and nervous organization, but their digestive organs differ, so medicine does not act on each alike.\n*   The dog is particularly susceptible to the action of chloroform.\n*   Kindness and strategy are the only safe methods for giving medicine.\n*   Hypodermic injections of alkaloidal solutions are the most prompt, efficient and reliable method of administration.\n*   For ordinary purposes, tablets or capsules are the most convenient method.\n*   Liquid medicines should be avoided if possible, but if necessary, Rochelle salts are the least nauseating saline laxative.\n*   Castor oil can be given in about four parts of milk to disguise the taste.\n*   For nasal passages, use warm water and steaming.\n*   For the ear, use a blunt, hard rubber syringe or a \"blower\" for dry powder.\n*   In treating wounds, antisepsis is important, but avoid iodoform.\n*   In the application of unguents to the skin of long-haired dogs, clipping may be necessary.\n*   Rectal injections are indicated in cases of collapse, extreme weakness and refusal of food.\n*   All drugs act more powerfully on an empty stomach.\n*   Powerful remedies and those which are of irritating character should be given after feeding.",
+    "everything_about_dogs_breeding.txt": "Here is a summary of the document everything_about_dogs_breeding.txt in points:\n\n*   Bitches typically come into season twice a year, and breeding during the first oestrum depends on breed and maturity. It's generally advised to wait until at least eighteen months for larger breeds.\n*   Breeding a bitch at every period is not recommended unless she is exceptionally vigorous; allowing service every other period is preferable.\n*   Signs of a bitch being in season include bleeding, with readiness for the dog typically between the tenth and twelfth day from the start of bleeding.\n*   Gestation lasts approximately 63 or 64 days, with variations possible, but veterinary assistance may be needed for significant deviations.\n*   Spring is considered the best time for mating, allowing puppies to grow strong during the summer.\n*   Regulated exercise is crucial both at mating and throughout pregnancy, adjusted to the individual bitch's needs.\n*   A bitch should be in good condition before oestrum to produce a healthy litter, with attention to diet and health three months prior if needed.\n*   A mild cathartic may be beneficial before whelping to ensure proper bowel condition.\n*   One service is usually sufficient when the bitch is ready, but a second service after 24 hours can provide assurance.\n*   After mating, the bitch needs careful attention, including seclusion and regulated exercise.\n*   Diet should be adjusted as the bitch becomes heavy with pups, increasing the amount and providing beef, mutton, bread, milk and soups.\n*   Loss of appetite after giving birth can be addressed with assafetida to restore appetite and milk flow.\n*   Provide a secluded and prepared stall or kennel a week before the due date, ensuring warmth, light, and ventilation.\n*   Secure an old carpet or blanket to the floor of the stall to provide puppies with a foothold.\n*   Protect pups from being laid on by fastening a shelf a few inches from the floor to the sides and back of the box.\n*   Minimize disturbance during whelping, but be prepared to provide assistance or veterinary care if complications arise.\n*   Avoid unnecessary force if manual assistance is required, and consider Fellows' Compound Syrup of Hypophosphate to aid labor pains if needed.\n*   Dangers are greater when a bitch is bred to a much larger dog or in finely bred, pampered bitches.\n*   Consult a veterinary surgeon for wrong presentations or disproportionate pup size.\n*   Ensure adequate milk supply; if inadequate, use a foster mother or artificial food like Spratt's Orphan Puppy Food.\n*   Weaning should commence at six to seven weeks, gradually separating the bitch and feeding pups goat's or cow's milk, boiled with water, and bread. Condensed milk is preferred.\n*   After weaning, supplement with oatmeal, wheat middlings, cornmeal, and lime water for bone formation.\n*   Address bone weakness with precipitated phosphate of lime for the mother.\n*   Gastro-enteritis in puppies should be treated with castor or sweet oil and opiates.\n*   Dr. A.J. Sewell's advice includes using parturition forceps or a crochet for difficult deliveries, avoiding hot baths, and considering an ice bag or a drive to stimulate labor.\n*   Prolapsus or inversion of the womb requires veterinary attention, and amputation may be necessary in severe cases.\n*   Post-whelping care involves providing fresh bedding, warm milk, and easily digestible foods like oatmeal gruel.\n*   Ensure the bitch goes out to relieve herself to prevent complications.\n*   Address issues like excessive discharge with astringent injections or mammary gland problems with hot water fomentations and camphorated oil.\n*   Parturient eclampsia can be managed with bromide of potassium or hydrated chloral.\n*   Maintain cleanliness in puppy quarters to minimize flies.\n*   Protect the bench on all sides and keep it at the right size, preventing puppies from getting cold before drying.",
+    "everything_about_dogs_diseases.txt": "Here's a summary of everything_about_dogs_diseases.txt in points:\n\n*   **Asthma:** Discusses causes, symptoms, and treatments involving diet, antispasmodic drops, aperients, and pills.\n*   **Abscess:** Defines abscesses, their causes (blows, accidents, inflammation), and treatments including hot fomentations, poultices, and surgical lancing.\n*   **Peri-Rectal Abscess:** Recommends a method for handling rectal abscesses, common in distemper, by applying pressure to extract pus.\n*   **Abortion:** Discusses causes of abortion and premature birth in dogs, including diet, exercise, and injuries, and emphasizes preventative measures.\n*   **Anaemia:** Identifies symptoms like pale mucous membranes and provides treatment through diet and tonics.\n*   **Asphyxia:** Details treatment for inability to breathe due to drowning, including artificial respiration.\n*   **Bladder Inflammation:** Describes symptoms and treatments using purgatives, clysters, and specific medications.\n*   **Bladder Paralysis:** Explains causes and treatments, including using a catheter and medication.\n*   **Bleeding from the Stomach:** Discusses causes and treatments, emphasizing stomach rest and specific remedies.\n*   **Boils:** Mentions boils, their causes (poverty of system, plethora, distemper, worms), and treatment involving diet reform and antiseptics.\n*   **Bites:** Gives advice on treating dog bites, including washing, applying tincture of iodine and salve, and isolating the biting dog if rabies is suspected.\n*   **Bowels Inflammation:** Details symptoms and treatments, advocating veterinary care and providing information on diet and medication.\n*   **Back Stiffness:** Suggests treatments like rest and liniments for stiffness due to old age or injury.\n*   **Bad Breath:** Lists causes (disordered stomach, teeth, lung issues) and treatments, including dental care and medication.\n*   **Balanatis:** Describes the disease and treatment focusing on diet regulation, cleanliness and medication.\n*   **Bruises:** Suggests warm water and liniment for bruises.\n*   **Burns and Scalds:** Recommends linseed oil and lime water.\n*   **Baldness:** Offers treatment for hair loss.\n*   **Blain:** Describes symptoms and treatment for malignant sore mouth.\n*   **Brain Inflammation:** Mentions symptoms such as drowsiness and recommends veterinary care.\n*   **Blisters:** Use poultice for boils.\n*   **Blotch:** Differentiates from other skin conditions and recommends boric acid.\n*   **Breeding (to prevent):** Gives instruction on how to prevent pregnancy in dogs after mating.\n*   **Bronchocele:** Recommends treatment for bronchitis and sore throat.\n*   **Bronchitis:** Details causes, symptoms, and treatments, including creating a warm, moist environment and using expectorants.\n*   **Bowels, Intussusception:** Describes the condition, causes, symptoms and treatment with medication or surgery.\n*   **Breasts (Inflammation):** Offers advice on treatment, including feeding puppies, emetics and a dose of medication.\n*   **Biliousness:** Give patient warm and comfortable quarters, and give attention to patient's diet.\n*   **Bed Sores:** The parts affected from further injury. First clean the parts with a warm.\n*   **Irritable Bladder:** For treatment take the patient slow walking exercise and secure the best physical condition.\n*   **Broken Bones:** Adjust the fractured parts to their natural form and applying splints to keep the parts set.\n*   **Constipation:** Give for food broths or porridge, with bits of boiled liver added.\n*   **Black Tongue:** A very quick and almost fatal disease.\n*    **Colic:** Proper course to follow is, when the dog is in great pain, administer a dose of the anti-spasmodic drops.\n*   **Coryza:** Inhale the fumes from a large sponge and add eye solution of Hydrastes and Camphor water.\n*   **Claws Inflammation:** Foment parts night and morning with warm water.\n*   **Concussion of the Brain:** Inject stimulants under the skin such as from ten to twenty drops of Brandy.\n*   **Cough Pill:** Dose for a 15-lb to 40-lb one pill night and morning.\n*   **Cuts, Tears or Wounds:** First thing to do is to stop the bleeding with friars balsam.\n*   **Chorea:** Treatment consists in getting the bowels relieved and getting the bowels relieved as speedily as possible.\n*   **Cramp:** Rub area with cloth.\n*   **Crooked Limbs:** See Fits.\n*   **Cancer:** Treated by veterinary surgeon only.\n*   **Choking:** Remove any obstruction and keep them there.\n*   **Chloroforming Dogs:** Need to have careful anesthetics who understand that it must not last for longer than 15 minutes.\n*   **Balanitis:** A purulent discharge from the prepuce.\n*   **Breeding to prevent:** Use syringe filled with pure cider vinegar after loose.\n*   **Bowels Obstruction:** Clog may steal into a quiet corner stretch legs behind and before.\n*   **Bowels (Intussusception):** Warm comfortable quarters are of the first importance.\n*   **Bronchitis (Chronic Husk):** Give apertinent medicine to keep bowels open.\n*   **Bruises:** Mix equal parts of spirits turpentine and liquid ammoniac.\n*   **Claws Overgrown:** Get nail clippers and cut the dead white ends off.\n*   **Destruction of dogs:** Destroy pupies by drowning and matured dogs get injections of Brandy.\n*   **Distemper:** Very dangerous and one of the biggest concerns.\n*   **Docking Tails:** Dock tails to comfort and size.\n*   **Dropsy:** Results of in suitable diet or drastics.\n*   **Dog Lice:** Most effective and safest is washing with Eberhart's Dog Soap.\n*   **Deafness:** Congential and if failed try cathater.\n*   **Diabetes:** Is an increased abnormal flow of urine.\n*   **Depression and Wasting:** Condition pills should be taking care of.\n*   **Dysentery:** Give equal parts olive oil and castor oil to be added from 10 to 20 drops of Laudanum for each ounce of the oils.\n*   **Eczema:** First make change in diet with the main cause of irritation.\n*   **Eye, Amaurosis of the:** Give Eberhart's Lotion no.2.\n*   **Epilepsy:** The main issue is the general health that does not affect the patient.\n*   **Eye, Diseases of the:** Should be given attention and follow direction.\n*   **Eye Balls Protrusion:** Bathe the parts with warm infusion of poppy heads or water alone.\n*   **Enlarged Joints:** The patient walks with difficulty or may start out all right and in the best of spirits.\n*   **Eyelids, Inversion of the,:** Feed small quantities of kerosene oil and be sure to keep in a safe area.\n*   **Excessive Fatness:** Diet and exercise that must be altered to make sure it gets better.\n*   **Fits (Various Types):** Describes different types of fits (apoplectic, distemper, epileptic, suckling) and appropriate treatments.\n*   **Feet Sore:** Bathe areas well with water for an hour drying well and rubbing.\n*   **Foreign bodies:** Consists of having some hard subtense.\n*   **Fracture Ribs:** There is a tear that it may be necessary to bandage or draw together with a few stitches of silk.\n*   **Follow Through:** What happened as results of ill usage and how to do things.\n*   **Flatulency:** The treatment should consist in getting the bowels relieved as speedly.\n*   **Glossitis Tongue:** This consists of tepid water with injections to a purge.\n*   **Goitre:** Bronchocele this is a enlargement of the thyroid glands, the principle Cartilage of the Larynx.\n*   **Heart, Valular Disease of:** Is a very fatal form of Heart disease.\n*   **Harvest Bugs:** Apply with Eberhart's Skin cure.\n*   **Honie Sickness:** Try Injecting a stimulants under the skin.\n*   **Hookworms:** Give injection of Luke water and Castile soap.\n*   **Injury Brain:** Injections with small drop of brandy to get started.\n*   **Incontinence of urine:** This consists of bathing and drenching.\n*   **Intussusception:** Keep it as a warm comfortable area.\n*   **Influenza:** Treat the patient that that they will have no danger when starting the infection.\n*   **Joints Enlarged:** Absolute rest and the use of good liniment.\n*   **Kidney Inflammation:** Call in good Doctor to examine the issues.\n*   **Keeps flies off ear and nose:** There are many products to get to have the ear and noses clean and clear.\n*   **Laryngitis:** Give dog one does of three to five grains of true James powder.\n*   **Leucorrhoea:** This can be aided by keeping dog clean and washing the anus.\n*   **Lacteal Tumors:** In Lacteal tumors they do not yield to the treatment.\n*   **Labor Premature:** Should be attended to the health both in regard to water and food.\n*   **Limbs Lameness:** Absolute rest and a good liniment applied to area.\n*   **Lice:** Are to be washed out with soap and hot water and rinse with clean warm water.\n*   **Lock Jaw Tetanus:** Treat under and with the heading of medical terms.\n*   **Lumbago Rheumatism:** absolute rest and massage the area with liniment.\n*   **Mammitis:** The milk gland in acute causes is swollen.\n*   **Mouth Cancer:** Should try opening up the area and do a scraping of it.\n*   **Mammitis:** Keep area clean with water to assist healing.   \n*   **Mange:** Remove all discharge from the nostrils by frequent washing with a saturated solution of boracic acid.\n*   **Milk Fever:** Wash all areas affected with the wash and keep them cool.\n*   **Navel Hernia:** Should not be bothered too much.\n*   **Poisoning:** Never let a dog ingest a unknown fluid or ingest.\n*   **Periostitis:** You may find heat or tenderness on dog.\n*   **Pulse temperature:** Must have the correct levels, must not exceed. \n*   **Prolapsus Ani:** These parts need to be bathed continuously with a worm infusion of poppy-heads or warm water alone.\n*   **Pharyngitis:** Should take care to remove of causes with hot linseed poultices to the chest and sides.\n*   **Polypus Ear** Put into a glass bottle to look at and remove with care.\n*   **Rheumatism:** This would need careful minute observation.\n*   **Ribs Fracture:** Make sure with a X-RAY with this concern.\n*   **Rickets:** Must have cod liver and mineral oil.\n*   **Scrotal Irritation:** Feed good dog food, regulate food intake.\n*   **Sprains:** Take equal parts liquid ammonia and turpintine.\n*   **Spinial Meningitis:** Treatment by the amateur is of no avail.\n*   **Spongia Piline:** Useful in the under parts of access.\n*   **Stringhalt Disease:** Must not eat string or anything too complex.\n*   **Scalds:** Give good washing and cover with antibiotic, keep away from hair.\n*   **Salivation:** Give at least 24 hours rest, try with milk and water.\n*   **Scurf:** When dogs are affected with Scurf wash 2 times a day till dried up.\n*   **Teeth broken:** In such case where you need to clean.\n*   **Ticks and External parasites:** Use a lime and sulphur solution .          \n*   **Uterus Disease Chronic:** This is where there is is no danger in confounding with other chest issues.\n*   **Tumors:** Involving the respiratory tract.\n*   **Water Belly:** See to help the area and keep clear.  \n*   **Tetanus:** This need absolute rest with a good liniment.          \n*   **worms: Should give good dose of Worm medication to take care of it.         \n*   **Turnside Disease:** Has some brain and eye disorders.\n*   **Thorns:** Remove at once and bathe/poutice the foot.\n*   **Tongue inflammation :** Bathe it with warm water for an hour.",
+    "everything_about_dogs_distemper.txt": "Here's a summary of the document everything_about_dogs_distemper.txt: \n\n*   **Distemper Overview:** Distemper is a significant disease in dogs, often leading to death, and requires careful management.\n*   **Prevention and Control:** Isolate infected dogs, disinfect kennels, and use remedies like Clayton's Distemperine. Early intervention is crucial.\n*   **Onion Remedy:** A home remedy involves placing sliced raw onions in a stocking around the dog's neck to promote watery discharge.\n*   **Diet During Distemper:** Avoid solid meats and foods that raise temperature. Feed gruels, broths, and beef tea. Rice pudding is also a good option.\n*   **Importance of Encouraging Eating:** Coax the dog to eat by offering new and tempting foods like quail or gravy from stewed chicken giblets.\n*   **After-effects:** Be cautious of after-effects like chorea. Eberhart's Tonic Pills can help rebuild the dog's strength.\n*   **Veterinarian's Perspective (Dent):** Distemper is compared to measles, not typhoid. It spreads easily in kennels due to weakened immune systems. Germ theory is emphasized.\n*   **Transmission:** Distemper spreads through air, clothing, contaminated kennels, and dog shows. It is not transmissible to humans but can affect other animals like cats and wolves.\n*   **Symptoms:** Symptoms include catarrhal discharge, intestinal issues, and nervous system involvement (e.g., epileptic spasms). A typical attack begins with listlessness, loss of appetite, and fever.\n*   **Complications:** Pneumonia and epileptic fits are common complications.\n*   **Treatment:** Warm quarters, good nursing, and judicious medical treatment are key. Hyposulphite of soda and quinine can be beneficial. Avoid exhausting medicines.\n*   **A.J. Sewell's Advice:** Isolate infected dogs early and prevent contact with young puppies. Shows are a major source of spread.\n*   **",
+    "everything_about_dogs_dog_papers.txt": "Here's a summary of the document everything_about_dogs_dog_papers.txt in points:\n\n*   The document lists several dog-related publications.\n*   \"Field and Fancy\" (weekly) is highly recommended.\n*   \"American Fancier\" (weekly), edited by Harry W. Lacy, is noted for its fearless writing.\n*   \"Dogdom\" (monthly) is a well-illustrated magazine and a good investment.\n*   \"The Dog Fancier\" (monthly), published by Eugene Glass, offers dog news.\n*   \"The American Field\" (weekly) specializes in hunting dogs.\n*   \"Dog World\" (monthly) is a readable and affordable magazine.\n*   \"Hounds and Hunting\" is dedicated to Beagles and Hounds.\n*   Subscriptions can be sent to the author of the document, who will ensure delivery of the papers.",
+    "everything_about_dogs_drugs.txt": "Here is a summary of the document everything_about_dogs_drugs.txt: \n\n- Mixing Standard Oil of Tar: Provides proportions for mixing Standard Oil of Tar with water.\n- Acetic Acid: Used in making Mindererous' spirit for fever mixtures and as a cooling lotion for swellings and bruises.\n- Cooling Lotion: Formula includes sal ammoniac, acetic acid, boiling water, and methylated spirit; must be diluted before applying.\n- Gallic Acid: Astringent and styptic, used for diabetes and internal hemorrhage.\n- Styptic Powders: Contains gallic acid, powdered alum, and powdered opium.\n- Aconite: Liniment used for rheumatism; tincture added to distemper mixture for nervous excitement (use cautiously).\n- Aloes: Purgative for dogs; start with a smaller dose.\n- Mild Aperient Bolus: Contains aloes, powdered jalap, powdered ginger, and Castile soap.\n- Alum: Astringent for diabetes and internal hemorrhage; also used for diarrhea and as a mild caustic for fungus growths.\n- Ammonia, Aromatic Spirits of: Stimulant and antacid for colic and depression.\n- Ammonia, Muriate: Sal ammoniac (see Acetic acid).\n- Ammonia, Solution of Acetate of: For febrile and inflammatory disorders.\n- Distemper Mixture: Contains chlorate of potash, sweet spirit of nitre, Mindererus' spirit, tincture of henbane, and water.\n- Ammonia, Strong Liquid: Used as a blister; diluted for liniment for sprains, bruises, etc.\n- Liniment for Sprains: Contains spirit of hartshorn, turpentine, rape oil, and laudanum.\n- Antimonial Powder: Febrifuge and diaphoretic.\n- Antimony, Tartarated: Emetic; also used as a febrifuge (James's Powder preferred).\n- Arnica, Tincture of: Stimulant for sprains, bruises, and tumors (external use).\n- Arsenic, Fowler's Solution of: Alterative for mange and skin diseases (use cautiously).\n- Belladonna: Narcotic and sedative (use cautiously).\n- Bonzoin, Tincture of: For cuts, tears, bites, and chronic coughs.\n- Bismuth: Soothing for stomach disorders and diarrhea.\n- Bromide of Potassium: For epileptic fits and to allay excitement.\n- Buckthorn: Purgative; syrup made from fresh juice of buckthorn berries.\n- Calomel: Uncertain and unsafe medicine for dogs.\n- Camphor: Calmative and antispasmodic for excitement and diarrhea.\n- Carren Oil: For scalds or burns (linseed oil and lime water).\n- Castor Oil: Purgative.\n- Cayenne Pepper: Stimulant and stomachic.\n- Chalk, prepared: Antacid for diarrhea.\n- Chloral Hydrate: Antispasmodic and soporific for fits and pain.\n- Chloroform: Anesthetic; also anodyne and antispasmodic (as chloric ether).\n- Chinchona, or Peruvian Bark: Tonic, especially after distemper.\n- Concentrated Bark Tonic: Concentrated decoction of yellow cinchona bark, compound tincture of bark.\n- Cod Liver Oil: For debility, emaciation, and scrofulous affections (use cautiously in strong growing pups).\n- Copper, Sulphate of: Mild caustic (external); astringent and tonic (internal).\n- Cream of Tartar: Cooling laxative and diuretic.\n- Dandelion: For jaundice and liver affections.\n- Epsom Salts: Purgative.\n- Ergot of Rye: For protracted parturition.\n- Ether, Spirit of Nitrous: Diaphoretic and diuretic for distemper, fevers, etc.",
+    "everything_about_dogs_feeding.txt": "Here is a summary of the document everything_about_dogs_feeding.txt in points:\n\n*   Dogs over six months old should have two meals per day at regular times.\n*   Dogs should eat plain food, including cooked meat like beef and mutton, but avoid veal and pork. Never feed lights.\n*   Cooked liver can be given once a week as a treat and laxative, but it's not very nourishing.\n*   Buttermilk is better than sweet milk, especially in the summer.\n*   Breakfast should consist of Spratt's Patent Dog Cakes, fed dry and broken up.\n*   Supper, the main meal, should include cooked meat (beef, mutton, sheep, or calves' heads) mixed with Conner's Cooked Dog Food (a cereal) to make a medium-thick mush, followed by bones.\n*   Avoid chicken bones or small bones that can splinter.\n*   Vegetables like carrots and beets can be added to the soup.\n*   Hard feed, like bones or biscuits, should be given two or three times a week to help maintain teeth.\n*   Toy dogs need solid, concentrated food. Rare roast beef and chicken, fresh tripe, and white fish (bones removed) are suitable. Avoid sloppy, sweet foods.\n*   Hunting dogs thrive on a mixed diet of meat, grain, and vegetables, adjusted based on the dog's condition and work level.\n*   For hunting dogs, a light morning meal (dog biscuits) and a full evening meal are recommended, with the morning meal given an hour before work.\n*   Puppies should be gradually weaned onto boiled or scalded milk with bread, potatoes and gravy, and soups with vegetables. Spratt's Patent puppy biscuits are also good. Feed puppies four times a day, gradually reducing to three, and then transition to the adult diet around six months old.\n*   Burn all chicken, turkey, and fish bones to prevent slivers from harming the dog.\n*   Avoid confections, cake, and dainties, as they are not natural and create a false appetite.",
+    "everything_about_dogs_hydrophobia.txt": "Here is a summary of the document everything_about_dogs_hydrophobia.txt in points:\n\n*   The author expresses strong disbelief in hydrophobia, citing personal experiences of being bitten by dogs without contracting the disease.\n*   The author criticizes the overreliance on ",
+    "everything_about_dogs_medicle_terms.txt": "Here is a summary of the document everything_about_dogs_medicle_terms.txt:\n\n- **Alteratives:** Medicines that gradually bring about a healthy state without augmenting secretions (e.g., arsenic, iodide of potassium).\n- **Anesthetics:** Drugs that deprive of sensation or feeling (e.g., chloroform, ether).\n- **Anodynes:** Drugs that assuage pain (e.g., morphine, cocaine).\n- **Antiseptics:** Medicines that resist or check putrefaction (e.g., chloride of lime, carbolic acid).\n- **Antispasmodics:** Medicine that overcomes inordinate muscular action, allaying spasms (e.g., chloroform, opium).\n- **Astringents:** Drugs that contract muscular fiber and check diarrhea/hemorrhage (e.g., alum, gallic acid).\n- **Blisters:** Agents used as counter-irritants for internal inflammation (e.g., strong liquid ammonia, spirits of turpentine).\n- **Cordials:** Medicines that increase strength and stimulate the stomach, often given to hunting dogs.\n- **Carminatives:** Medicines that expel wind (e.g., oil of peppermint, ginger).\n- **Cathartics/Purgatives/Aperients:** Medicines to cause discharges, cleansing stomach and bowels.\n- **Caustics:** Agents that destroy or decompose parts, used for proud flesh, warts, etc. (e.g., nitrate of silver, carbolic acid).\n- **Demulcents:** Agents to soften effects of irritants by sheathing the surface (e.g., glycerine, gum acacia).\n- **Diaphoretics:** Medicines to produce sweating (e.g., sweet spirits of nitre).\n- **Diuretics:** Remedies which increase discharge of urine (e.g., nitrate of potash, Venice turpentine).\n- **Emetics:** Agents used to produce vomiting (e.g., ipecacuanha wine, emetic tartar, common salt).\n- **Emollients:** Agents that soften or relax the parts applied to (e.g., poultices, camphorated oil, olive oil).\n- **Narcotics:** Medicines to produce sleep and relieve pain (e.g., morphine).\n- **Stimulants:** Medicines and liquors used to produce immediate but temporary increase of strength (e.g., sherry wine, whisky).\n- **Stomachics and Tonics:** Medicines to excite and strengthen the stomach (e.g., quinine, iron, gentian).\n- **Vermifuge:** Medicines to destroy or expel worms.\n- **Clysters or Enemas:** Liquid agents administered for various purposes like softening feces, allaying spasm, destroying worms, etc.",
+    "everything_about_dogs_start_note.txt": "Here is a summary of the document everything_about_dogs_start_note.txt:\n\n*   The author has completed the third and final edition of \"EVERYTHING ABOUT DOGS\".\n*   The author wrote the book out of a sense of duty to dogs, hoping to share valuable information with dog owners.\n*   The book contains the best knowledge gathered from the author's life experience with dogs and from others.\n*   The author expresses a deep love for dogs and a desire to do good for them.\n*   The author discusses making a will to provide for the care of their dogs after they are gone.\n*   The author encourages people to own any kind of dog and make that dog happy.\n*   The author discusses the importance of keeping female dogs confined when in season to prevent unwanted litters.\n*   The author emphasizes the importance of exercise, training, and discipline for dogs.\n*   The author advises against excessive use of sulphur for dogs.\n*   The author suggests growing grass indoors for dogs to eat if they do not have access to a yard.\n*   The author dedicates the book to dogs and their owners."
+}