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æ²¢ãžã£ã â« | {
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Kari Russell-Pool (born 1967) is an American artist known for work in contemporary glass art. She was born in Salem, Massachusetts. She studied at the Cleveland Institute of Art.
Her work is included in the collections of the Seattle Art Museum, the Mint Museum in Charlotte, North Carolina and the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
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Christus (S.3, composed 1862-1866) is an oratorio by the Hungarian composer and pianist Franz Liszt. The oratorio takes the traditional plot of Jesus Christ's life from his birth to his passion and resurrection, using Bible texts, and is thus somewhat reminiscent of another famous religious work, Messiah by George Frideric Handel.
Composing
When Liszt, after his prolific Weimar years, moved to Rome in 1861, the majority of his works for the next ten years would be religious music for choir. The composition of his most famous oratorio, Christus, occupied Liszt from 1862 to 1866, with shorter or longer pauses. He finished the score by the end of September 1866, but he wished to make some revisions and corrections, and therefore the work was not completed until the December of that year. 'Christus' was published in 1872 and premiered in the Protestant church at Weimar on 29 May 1873.
Structure of the work
The oratorio is of around three hours in duration and requires significant orchestral and vocal forces, which makes it rather a rarity in concert halls of today, and despite this most of the work is of almost chamber proportions and quite personal in mood.
For the text Liszt uses the Bible, the Catholic liturgy and some ancient Latin hymns; in that sense he did not want to experiment. It is of note that the role of the orchestra in the oratorio is really more significant than that of the chorus, the orchestra being the moving force of growth and development (like in Wagner's operas). This is unlike earlier, baroque and classical oratorios, where the chorus prevails, and the orchestra simply acts as a commentary, providing harmonic texture. The oratorio lacks recitative sections, although the score is periodically annotated with Latin passages as though explaining what the music is depicting, or the underlying emotional or religious relevance. It is unclear whether or not these passages are meant to be spoken by a narrator during the music. Some performances have done this to great effect, although the majority omit them.
The work consists of three parts:
Part One: Christmas Oratorio (of five movements)
Part Two: After Epiphany (of five movements)
Part Three: Passion and Resurrection (of four movements)
The movements are so few (unlike 'Messiah') because of their length and structural span, in which the only exception is the 'O filii et filiae' from the Part Three, lasting merely two minutes. In his earlier works Liszt had often used the idea of musical motifs and themes undergoing transformations and modifications in order to achieve greater coherence and inter-connection: in this respect 'Christus' is no exception. Also, many motifs from Gregorian chants have been recognised, which greatly add to the unity of the work. The most obvious motif underpinning the entire oratorio is that of the simple perfect fifth interval, heard as the opening of the plainchant for Advent of the Rorate coeli at the very beginning of the oratorio, occurring in the majority of movements in some way, sometimes as a melodic gesture, sometimes with harmonic implications, and ending up as the main subject for the great fugue which closes the whole oratorio.
Part One: Christmas Oratorio
I. Motivum - Introduction
II. Pastorale and Annunciation
III. Stabat Mater speciosa ('Stood the beautiful Mother')
IV. Song of the Shepherds at the Manger
V. The Three Kings
The narrator (see above) brings the 'motivum' of the work at the very opening, speaking in Latin, and then follows the introduction by the orchestra, once more punctuated by the voice of the narrator, bringing the words from Isaiah, 45:8. The introduction is largely of light, pastoral atmosphere, and its duration is around 18 minutes. It is a kind of free polyphonic fantasy on the plainchant for Advent 'Rorate coeli', building from a quiet start seamlessly to a climax.
In the 'Pastorale and Annunciation', we hear the soprano and tenor soloists and the choir for the first time. Supported and coloured by the orchestra, they sing of the angels coming among some shepherds, heralding the birth of Jesus Christ (Luke, 2:10-14). The Angelus music is based upon the perfect-fifth derived from the 'Rorate coeli'.
'Stabat Mater speciosa' is a long, nearly a capella movement for chorus and some organ passages. The Latin hymn which is sung is a 'sister-hymn' to 'Stabat Mater dolorosa', and is to be sung to a rather similar melody, yet is in brighter, calmer mood and the words are different, describing Mary watching little Jesus in his cradle and at play.
In the 'Song of the Shepherds at the Manger', the pastoral atmosphere reaches its climax in gentle and merry melodies of the oboes, clarinets and bassoons, again based on the perfect-fifth interval. The music constantly builds up and by the end of the movement reaches its joyous and dance-like peak. This movement, it is important to add, is entirely instrumental.
The closing movement of this part, 'The Three Kings', is in fact a march on a grand scale which starts with a quiet but steady and springy tread and moves inexorably on to close fortissimo with the full orchestra. The movement includes the narrator (see above), with words of the journey of the Three Kings (Matthew 2:9,11). There are three main themes of this movement. While all the themes are independent, all begin with the same germ idea. The first one begins with a rising perfect fifth, depicting the march. Another one, depicting the star, on a descending arpeggio of the triad outlining the fifth (so this is the fifth in inversion, and transformation). And the third is more sinuous, its opening rising phrase outlining the intervalic rise to the fifth, and then descending the fifth back to the tonic as an arpeggio (and is thus also a motivic combination of the other two). All three themes are developed and Part One ends magnificently and optimistically.
Part Two: After Epiphany
VI. The Beatitudes
VII. Pater noster: The Lord's Prayer
VIII. The Foundation of the Church
IX. The Miracle
X. The Entry into Jerusalem
Part Two opens with 'The Beatitudes', composed for baritone, chorus and organ. It is pensive, calm and meditative, the sound not so rich as in Part One, as this movement represents a model of restraint and economy of means. It was in fact written earlier, in 1855, and Liszt simply decided to use it as a part of the oratorio.
The next movement is a setting of the Lord's Prayer for chorus and organ. The murmuring of Latin text and pensiveness of mood is much alike the first movement.
'The Foundation of the Church', however, 'wakes up' the chorus and Christ's words 'Tu es Petrus, et super hanc petram...' (Matthew 16,18) sound firm and decisive. To this is contrasted the other part of the movement, more gentle, with words from John, 21:15-17.
'The Miracle' describes the scene of Christ walking on the waters of the lake of Gallilee. It is scored for narrator baritone, chorus and orchestra, but vocal resources are limited in their use and orchestra plays the main role of depiction. The music is at first dramatic, as the storm rises huge waves, and the apostles cry to Jesus their pleads of 'Domine, salva nos, perimus!' ('Save us, Lord, for we will perish!'). Then, Jesus stops the storm and winds and the rest of the movement passes in great tranquillity.
'The Entry into Jerusalem' employs soloists, chorus and orchestra, celebrating the arrival of the son of David and King of Israel, and brings Part Two of 'Christus' to a glorious close amidst cries of 'Hosanna!'.
Part Three: Passion and Resurrection
XI. Tristis est anima mea ('Sad is my soul')
XII. Stabat Mater dolorosa ('Stood the grievous Mother')
XIII. O filii et filiae ('O sons and daughters')
XIV. Resurrexit! ('He has risen!')
The final part of the oratorio begins with a sombre and pain-filled movement 'Tristis est anima mea'. Here Jesus talks to his Father, meditates over all the horrors that await him, however 'sed non quod ego volo, sed quod tu'. The sparing use of the baritone soloist makes the words even more effective and meaningful. The orchestra once more plays the significant part.
After this follows 'Stabat Mater dolorosa', an ancient Latin hymn, doleful and gloomy. This is the longest single movement of the entire work (approx. 30 mins.), and employs all the orchestra and vocal forces, but in a mood quite opposite to many usual oratorios where using all the vocals heralds glory and joy. The movement is in fact a long, painful lament of Mary's fate - to see the death of her son. Yet towards the end the music gathers strength, becomes at some places furious, passionate and victorious in tone. This, of course, anticipates Christ's resurrection, the victory of life over death.
The short Easter hymn 'O filii et filiae' is a contrast to 'Stabat Mater', for it is very short (2 mins.), uses only the female chorus with just the harmonium, and is of much brighter, expectant mood. The words tell us of Mary Magdalene finding Christ's grave opened, and the chamber empty.
The final movement of the oratorio is 'Resurrexit!', a joyous, jubilant chorus backed up by the entire orchestra, celebrating Christ's resurrection. It is, in fact, a parallel to HÀndel's famous 'Hallelujah!', and quite similar in overall mood. So Liszt's greatest oratorio closes, using the full vocal and orchestral forces, with proclamations that 'Christ is risen!'. The motivic rising fifth is used to symbolise the "rising of Christ" as a fugal subject, unadorned, and this is the main subject. The fifth is stated once, then repeated a tone higher, then again a tone higher still. Six notes only, all derived from the same place as the very start of the oratorio. In this way Liszt, like Bach, uses his treatment of music to expound theological messages.
Complete recordings
1970: Miklós Forrai (conductor), on Hungaroton. Hungarian State Orchestra, Budapest Choir.
1985: James Conlon (conductor), on Erato Records. Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra, Slovak Philharmonic Chorus.
1986: Antal Doráti (conductor), on Hungaroton. Hungarian State Orchestra, Hungarian Radio & Television Chorus.
1997: Helmuth Rilling (conductor), on HÀnssler Classic. Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra, GÀchinger Kantorei.
2001: Joshard Daus (conductor), on GLOR Classics. Jenaer Philharmonie, EuropaChorAkademie.
2006: Roman Kofman (conductor), on MD&G. Beethoven Orchester Bonn, Czech Philharmonic Choir.
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"title": "Christus (Liszt)",
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Pankhali Union is a union parishad of Dacope Upazila in Khulna District of Bangladesh.
| {
"id": "62859949",
"title": "Pankhali Union",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankhali%20Union",
"docId": null,
"date": null
} |
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SlafkovskÜ is a Slovak surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander SlafkovskÜ (born 1983), Slovak slalom canoeist
Juraj SlafkovskÜ (born 2004), Slovak professional ice hockey forward
Slovak-language surnames | {
"id": "72560383",
"title": "SlafkovskÜ",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slafkovsk%C3%BD",
"docId": null,
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The strip search phone call scam was a series of incidents, mostly occurring in rural areas of the United States, that extended over a period of at least ten years, starting in 1994. The incidents involved a man calling a restaurant or grocery store, claiming to be a police officer, and then convincing managers to conduct strip searches of employees (or at least in two known cases, a customer), and to perform other bizarre and humiliating acts on behalf of "the police". The calls were most often made to fast-food restaurants in small towns.
More than 70 such phone calls were reported in 30 U.S. states. A 2004 incident in Mount Washington, Kentucky led to the arrest of David Richard Stewart, a resident of Florida. Stewart was acquitted of all charges in the Mount Washington case despite phone cards linked to some of the calls being found in his residence, and video of a man co-workers identified as Stewart purchasing the cards. He was suspected of, but never charged with, having made other, similar scam calls. Police reported that the scam calls ended after Stewart's arrest.
Before the Mount Washington incident
There were numerous prior incidents in many states which followed the pattern of the fraudulent call to a McDonald's restaurant in Mount Washington, Kentucky. The majority of the calls were made to fast-food chain restaurants, but some were made to grocery stores and video rental stores.
With every hoax, a male caller who identified himself as a police officer or other authority figure would contact a manager or supervisor and would solicit their help in detaining an employee or customer who was suspected of a crime, such as theft or drug possession. He would then provide a generic description of the suspect (typically a young female employee, but a few victims have been male or older) which the manager would recognize, and he would then ask the manager to search the suspected person. The tasks would initially start as strip searches before gradually becoming more invasive and sexual in nature as the "investigation" continued. Eventually, the caller would have groomed the manager to the point where they would do almost anything asked by the caller, such as spanking, kissing, inappropriate touching, oral sex, and even sexual assault and rape. Many of the incidents would last hours before either the participants of the strip search realized the call is a hoax or by the intervention of a bystander.
Some notable hoaxes were:
On August 4, 1994, a man claiming to be a sheriff's deputy called a McDonald's restaurant in Saybrook Township, Ohio, stating that a customer's purse was stolen from the restaurant. The caller told two minor females working at the restaurant to allow the manager to strip search them.
Two calls were reported in 1995: one in Devils Lake, North Dakota, and another in Fallon, Nevada.
A man claiming to be an Oktibbeha County deputy sheriff called a Pizza Hut in Starkville, Mississippi and accused an employee of stealing money from a restaurant customer. The manager of the restaurant was summoned to the restaurant in an order to strip search the employee.
On January 20, 1999, a manager for a Burger King in Fargo, North Dakota slapped the naked buttocks of a 17-year-old female employee after being instructed by someone on the phone claiming to be a police officer.
On December 16, 1999, in Blackfoot, Idaho; a 16-year-old female server working at a local pizza parlor was taken to the manager's office after a phone call made by an individual only identifying as "Officer Davis" for the Blackfoot Police Department, accused an employee of stealing a woman's purse with a $50 bill in it earlier that evening. The caller convinced the manager to strip-search the employee and to provide detailed descriptions of her naked body, including her breasts and genitalia. The incident ended when a 22-year-old male colleague of the victim came into the room and intervened, with the male employee confronting the "officer" on the phone before the caller hung up.
On November 30, 2000, a female McDonald's manager in Leitchfield, Kentucky, undressed herself in the presence of a customer. The caller had convinced her that the customer was a "suspected sex offender" and that the manager, serving as bait, would enable undercover police officers to arrest him.
In 2001, the manager of a Hooters restaurant in Charleston, West Virginia told two female employees that a police officer had called the restaurant and reported a stolen change purse. The caller told the women to strip in front of the manager and threatened them with arrest if they did not do so.
In December 2001, a supervisor for a Indianapolis-area Burger King restaurant strip-searched a part-time, 15-year-old female employee in front of a male co-worker after a call was made to the business by a "policeman" claimed an employee stole a purse. The caller asked for a description of the employee's hair and tan lines. The search was also allegedly conducted in a room where other crew members could observe.
On May 29, 2002, an 18-year-old female McDonald's employee in Iowa on her first day on the job was forced to strip naked, jog in place, and assume several poses, at the direction of a caller on the phone.
In November 2002, A manager for a Taco Bell restaurant in Statesboro, Georgia received a call from a "detective" claiming that a purse had been stolen from the lobby. The manager then took a 19-year-old female employee (based on the caller's description) to the manager's office, where he completely stripped the victim of her uniform, reading the clothing tags for the caller on the other end, and put them in a safe. During the incident, at the caller's orders, the manager also forced the employee to exercise before rubbing and inspecting most of her body, especially the orifices. The caller claimed this was to see if any sweat had revealed signs of "green residue" on her body, indicating that she had made contact with the supposedly stolen money.
On January 26, 2003, an Applebee's assistant manager in Davenport, Iowa subjected a waitress to a 90-minute strip-search after receiving a collect call from someone who purported to be a regional manager for Applebee's.
In February 2003, a phone call was made to a McDonald's in Hinesville, Georgia. The female manager (who believed she was speaking to a police officer who was with the director of operations for the restaurant's upper management) took a female employee into the women's bathroom and strip-searched her. She also brought in a 55-year-old male janitor, who conducted a body cavity search of the woman to "uncover hidden drugs". The cavity search entailed the janitor probing the employee's vagina with his fingers. McDonald's and GWD Management Corporation (owner and operator of the involved McDonald's restaurant) were taken to court over the incident. In 2005, John Francis Nangle, a senior judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, granted summary judgment to McDonald's and denied, in part, a summary judgment to GWD Management. In 2006, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the judgments.
On June 3, 2003, a Taco Bell manager in Juneau, Alaska received a call from a man who claimed to be working for the company and investigating drug abuse at the restaurant where the manager worked. The manager then picked a 14-year-old female customer, whom he believed to be the suspect, where he preceded to strip-search the customer and made her perform several lewd acts at the caller's request.
In another incident on June 5, 2003, a Hardee's manager in Rapid City, South Dakota was manipulated into strip-searching a female server and holding her against her will in his office for 3 hours after being told by a caller, claiming to be a officer for the city police, that an employee had stolen money from a customer. After searching her and finding no evidence of theft, the caller then instructed the manager to check the employee for drugs instead, before telling him to touch intimate areas of the victim's body.
In July 2003, a Winn-Dixie grocery store manager in Panama City, Florida, received a phone call instructing him to bring a female cashier (who matched a description provided by the caller) into an office where she was to be strip-searched. The cashier was forced to undress and assume various poses as part of the search. The incident ended when another manager entered the office to retrieve a set of keys.
On October 16, 2003, in Salt Lake City, Utah, a shift supervisor for an Applebee's restaurant strip-searched a 42-year-old waitress after a "police officer" on the phone threatened to arrest staff members if they did not comply with his orders.
On December 18, 2003, a call was placed to a Blockbuster Video franchise in Bismarck, North Dakota. The caller claimed to be an officer for the local police and alleged an employee of theft, stating that the employee could be searched by a manager because of Blockbuster's "privacy policy". A female employee was then taken to the back office where she was subsequently strip-search both by the manager and a male co-worker.
In February 2004, four separate Wendy's restaurant branches within Plymouth County, Massachusetts (West Bridgewater, Abington, Whitman, and Wareham) were the targets of a strip-search phone call hoax in the course of a single night.
On March 22, 2004, another young female customer (a 17-year-old high school student on her spring break vacation enjoying lunch with her two friends) at a Taco Bell in Fountain Hills, Arizona, was strip-searched by a 39-year-old male manager in the backroom supposedly at the request of a police officer on the phone.
The Mount Washington incident
On April 9, 2004, a call was made to a McDonald's restaurant in Mount Washington, Kentucky. According to assistant manager Donna Summers, the caller identified himself as a policeman, "Officer Scott". The caller gave Summers a vague description of a slightly built young white woman with blonde hair, who was suspected of theft. Summers believed the description provided was that of Louise Ogborn, a then eighteen-year-old who was currently on duty at the restaurant.
The police impersonator demanded that Ogborn be searched at the restaurant because no officers were available at the moment to handle such a minor matter. Ogborn was brought into an office and ordered to remove her clothes, which Summers then placed in a bag and took to her car, as instructed. Ogborn then put on an apron to partially cover herself. Kim Dockery, another assistant manager, was present at that time; Dockery believed she was there as a witness to the search.
Dockery left after an hour, and Summers told the caller that she needed to be working at the restaurant's counter. The caller then told Summers to bring in someone whom she trusted to assist with the investigation. Summers first asked Jason Bradley, one of the restaurant's cooks, to watch Ogborn. When the caller told Bradley to remove Ogborn's apron and describe her, Bradley refused but took no further action, leaving the office. Summers then called her own fiancé, Walter Nix, Jr. to help, who went to the restaurant and took over from Summers. After being told that a police officer was on the phone, Nix could be seen obeying the caller's instructions for the next two hours.
Nix removed the apron that Ogborn was wearing and ordered her to dance and perform jumping jacks while she was naked. Nix then ordered her to insert her fingers into her vagina and expose it to him as part of the "search". He also ordered her to sit on his lap and kiss him, and when she refused to do so, he spanked her until she promised to do so. The caller also spoke to Ogborn and demanded that she do as she was told or face worse punishment. Recalling the incident later, Ogborn said: "I was scared for my life."
After Ogborn had been in the office for two and a half hours, she was ordered to perform oral sex on Nix. Summers returned to the office periodically, and during these times, Ogborn was instructed by the caller to cover herself with the apron. The caller then permitted Nix to leave on condition that Summers would find someone to replace him. After Nix left, he called a friend and told him, "I have done something terribly bad."
With Nix having left, and short on staff due to the dinnertime rush, Summers needed someone to take Nix's place in the office. She spotted Thomas Simms, the restaurant's maintenance man, who had stopped in at the restaurant for dessert. She told Simms to go into the office and watch Ogborn. Simms, however, refused to go along with any of the caller's demands. At this point, Summers became suspicious and decided to call a higher-level manager (whom the caller earlier had claimed to have been speaking to on another phone line).
Speaking with her boss, Summers discovered that she had been sleeping and had not spoken to any police officer. She realized that the call had been fraudulent. The caller then abruptly ended the call. An employee dialed *69 before another call could ring in, thus obtaining the number of the caller's telephone. Summers was now hysterical and began apologizing. Ogborn (shivering and wrapped in a blanket) was released from the office after three and a half hours. The police were called to the restaurant; they arrested Nix on a charge of sexual assault and began an investigation to find the perpetrator of the scam call.
The entire incident was recorded by a surveillance camera in the office. Summers watched the tape later that night and, according to her attorney, broke off her engagement with Nix.
Investigation, arrest, and trial
Mount Washington police, after doing a simple word search on the Internet, quickly realized that this was only the latest in a long series of similar incidents that extended over a period of about 10 years. None of those incidents had continued as long, or with as many people involved, as the one in the Mount Washington McDonald's.
Although their initial suspicion was that the call had originated from a pay phone near the McDonald's restaurant (from which the perpetrator could see both the police station and the restaurant), police later determined that the call had originated from a supermarket pay phone in Panama City, Florida. Having learned that the call was made with an AT&T phone card and that the largest retailer of such cards was Walmart, they contacted the police in Panama City.
The Panama City police informed the Mount Washington police that Detective Flaherty in Massachusetts was already conducting an investigation. Several similar scam calls had been placed to Boston-area restaurants, and Flaherty had already pulled surveillance camera footage from a Walmart in Panama City. Following Flaherty's lead, the Mount Washington police used the serial number of the phone card to find out that it had been purchased from a different Walmart than the Walmart that sold the card used for calls to Massachusetts restaurants.
Using the records of the Panama City Walmart, which showed the cash register and the time of purchase of the phone card, Mount Washington police were able to find surveillance camera footage of the purchaser of the card. The Massachusetts investigation had gone cold when their surveillance video failed to show the purchaserâthe cameras had been trained on the store's parking lot and not on the cash registers.
The purchaser in the Panama City video was wearing a correctional officer's uniform of the kind used by Corrections Corporation of America, a private security firm. Videos and still photographs from the two Walmarts were compared, and the same man was seen entering and exiting the Panama City FL Walmart at the time when a phone card was purchased there. Police used these images to produce front-and-back composite images of the suspect. Subsequent queries directed to the private security firm's human resources department led to the identification of the phone card buyer as David R. Stewart â a married man with five children â who was then arrested.
During his questioning by police, Stewart insisted he never had bought a phone card, but detectives found one in his home that had been used to call nine restaurants in the past yearâincluding a call to a Burger King in Idaho Falls, Idaho on the same day when that restaurant's manager was reportedly duped by a scam call. Police also found in Stewart's home dozens of applications for police department jobs, hundreds of police magazines, and police-style uniforms, guns, and holsters. This was thought to indicate that the suspect had fantasized about being a police officer.
Stewart was extradited to Kentucky to be tried on charges of impersonating a police officer and solicitation of sodomy. If convicted, Stewart faced up to 15 years in prison. On October 31, 2006, he was acquitted of all charges. Both the defense and the prosecution attorneys speculated that a lack of direct evidence, such as a recording of the caller's voice, might have led to the jury finding him not guilty.
Stewart remained a suspect in similar cases throughout the United States. Police stated later that after Stewart's arrest, the scam calls stopped.
Aftermath
Louise Ogborn, the victim, underwent therapy and medication to address post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. She abandoned her plans to attend the University of Louisville, where she had anticipated becoming a pre-med student. In an interview with ABC News, she said that after the abuse she "felt dirty" and had difficulty making and maintaining friendships because she wouldn't "allow anyone to get too close to her".
Donna Summers ended her engagement with Nix soon after the incident. She was fired from McDonald's for violating corporate policies prohibiting both strip searches and for allowing a non-McDonald's employee to enter the restaurant's office. Summers entered an Alford guilty plea to a single count of unlawful imprisonment as a misdemeanor and was sentenced to one year probation.
Kim Dockery was transferred to work at another location. Walter Nix pleaded guilty to sexual abuse, sexual misconduct and unlawful imprisonment. The judge agreed to a plea deal for Nix in exchange for his testimony against David Stewart. Due to the level and length of his involvement in the physical crimes, Nix was sentenced to five years in prison.
Lawsuits
Three years after the incident, still undergoing therapy, Louise Ogborn sued McDonald's for $200 million for failing to protect her during her ordeal. Her grounds for the suit were:
that McDonald's corporate headquarters were aware of the danger of a possible hoax because they had defended themselves against lawsuits over similar incidents at its restaurants in four other states
that McDonald's had been subjected to similar hoaxes at least two years before the Mount Washington incident and they had not taken appropriate action as directed by their own chief of security and as outlined in his memo to McDonald's upper management
Donna Summers also sued McDonald's, asking for $50 million, for failing to warn her about the previous hoaxes.
McDonald's based its defense on four points:
Summers deviated from the company's management manual, which prohibits strip-searches, and therefore McDonald's should not be held responsible for any action of Summers outside the scope of her employment;
workers' compensation law prohibited employees from suing their employer;
Nix, who actually performed the acts, was not a McDonald's employee; and
the victim did not remove herself from the situation, contrary to common sense.
The civil trial began September 10, 2007, and ended on October 5, 2007, when a jury awarded Ogborn $5 million in punitive damages and $1.1 million in compensatory damages and expenses. Summers was awarded $1 million in punitive damages and $100,000 in compensatory damages.
The jury decided that McDonald's and the unnamed caller were each 50% at fault for the abuse to which the victim was subjected. McDonald's and their attorneys were sanctioned for withholding evidence pertinent to the outcome of the trial. In November 2008, McDonald's also was ordered to pay $2.4 million in legal fees to plaintiffs' lawyers.
On November 20, 2009, the Kentucky Court of Appeals upheld the jury's verdict but reduced the punitive damages award to Summers to $400,000. McDonald's then appealed to the Kentucky Supreme Court. While its petition was pending in 2010, Ogborn settled with McDonald's for $1.1 million and abandoned her claim for punitive damages. After the court decisions, McDonald's revised its manager-training program to emphasize awareness of scam phone calls and protection of employees' rights.
Fictional portrayals and documentaries
The Mount Washington McDonald's scam has been the basis of the following:
Episode 17 of season 9 of the television show Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (first aired April 29, 2008) featured Robin Williams as the caller. The character played by Williams identified himself as Detective Milgram, a reference to the famous Milgram experiment, which studied unreasonable obedience to authority.
The 2012 feature film Compliance, directed by Craig Zobel.
The 2016 play Mai Dang Lao, written by David Jacobi, which opened at the Victory Gardens Theatre in Chicago.
Let's Go To Court Podcast featured the scam in an episode in March, 2019, episode titled "Episode 58: The Sleepwalker & the McDonald's Strip Search."
Casefile True Crime Podcast featured the scam in an episode in September 2020, episode titled âCase 157: The Strip Search Scamâ.
My Favorite Murder featured the scam in an episode in August 2022, episode titled â341 - If You Were Godzilla...â.
Don't Pick Up The Phone, a 2022 Netflix docuseries
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| {
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Toangoma (Kata ya Toangoma , in Swahili) is an administrative ward in the Temeke district of the Dar es Salaam Region of Tanzania. Kijichi and Kibada, the latter of which is a ward of Kigamboni MC, form the ward's northern and western boundaries. The west the ward is bordered by Mianzini and Mbagala Kuu. The ward is bordered to the east by Kisarawe II of Kigamboni MC. The ward is bordered to the south by the Pwani Region's Tambani and Vikindu. According to the 2012 census, the ward has a total population of 44,578.
Administration
The postal code for Toangoma Ward is 15118.
The ward is divided into the following neighborhoods (Mitaa):
Changanyikeni
Goroka "A"
Goroka "B"
Kongowe
Malela
Masaki
Masuliza
Mikwambe
Mwapemba
Mzinga "A"
Mzinga "B"
Ponde
Toangoma
Vikunai
Government
Like every other ward in the country, the ward has local government offices based on the population served. The Toangoma Ward administration building houses a court as per the Ward Tribunal Act of 1988, including other vital departments for the administration of the ward. The ward has the following administration offices:
Toangoma Police Station (Kituo cha Polisi)
Toangoma Government Office (Ofisi ya Afisa Mtendaji wa Kata)
Toangoma Tribunal (Baraza La Kata) is a Department inside Ward Government Office
In the local government system of Tanzania, the ward is the smallest democratic unit. Each ward comprises a committee of eight elected council members, including a chairperson, one salaried officer (with no voting rights), and an executive officer. One-third of seats are reserved for women councilors.
Demographics
The ward serves as the Zaramo people's ancestral home, along with much of the district. As the city developed over time, the ward became a cosmopolitan ward with a population of 44,578 as of 2012.
Education and health
Education
The ward is home to these educational institutions:
Toangoma Primary School
Taneem Primary School
Agape Mbagala Primary School
Rainbow Primary School
Stanley Secondary School, Toangoma
Joyland International School, Toangoma
Healthcare
The ward is home to the following health institutions:
Pasaka Health Center
Toangoma Health Center
DSK Health Center
Kesheni Mission Health Center
Tumaini Mission Health Center
Stella Health Polyclini
Emarat Health Center
Mtiro Health Center
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ãäœè³ãå¬ããçŸå³ãããå¿ã«ãã¿ãé·åæçã®å³ãã | {
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Just Loomis (born January 1957 in Reno, Nevada) is a fine art photographer known for his portraiture and fashion photography. His work has been published and exhibited internationally and has appeared in Harper's Bazaar, British Vogue, Vanity Fair, The New Yorker, and The New York Times Magazine. His book of American portraits, "As We Are" was published in 2010 by Hatje Cantz.
Career
Early work
Just Loomis began taking photographs in the 1970s. His earliest work, taken when he was in high school, focused on the people and landscapes around Reno, Nevada, where he was raised.
Recent work
Hatje Cantz in Berlin published Loomis' work in a book. "As We Are" was published in 2010, was nominated for the Deutscher Fotobuchpreis, and was named "Photobook of the Year" by Communication Arts and PDN magazines. The publication of "As We Are" led to a one-man exhibit of the work at the Stenersen Museum in Oslo, Norway.
Loomis has just completed a project on the Volksbuehne theater in Berlin and is preparing his second book with Hatje Cantz.
Awards
1986 - Nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Recording Package for A-ha's Hunting High and Low
Exhibitions
March 2017, Rausch und Kontrolle, Volksbuehne Theater, Berlin
November 2013, Women, Hiltawsky Gallery, Berlin
June 2012, Three Boys, Williamson Gallery, Art Center College of Design, Pasadena
February 2010, As We Are and Aha the Photographs, Stenersen Museum, Oslo
June 2009, Three Boys, Helmut Newton Foundation, Berlin
May 2009, Walk Away, Lincoln Center, New York
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Prentis Hall is a historic building located on the Manhattanville campus of Columbia University at 632 West 125th Street. It houses the university's department of music and the Computer Music Center, as well as facilities for the School of the Arts. It is one of three historic buildings that survived in the university's Manhattanville plan, the others being the Studebaker Building and the Nash Building.
History
Prentis Hall was built from 1909 to 1911 as a pasteurization and bottling plant for the Sheffield FarmsâSlawsonâDecker Company. Designed by Frank A. Rooke, who designed several other buildings for Sheffield Farms, the building costed $500,000 to construct and could process 75,000 quarts of milk per day. The building is noted for its façade of white glazed terracotta, which is ornately designed in a French style. Its walls are brick with steel frame covered with concrete. The entire building was built to be vermin-proof and fire-proof. Its bottling room had a 27-foot ceiling with a skylight and large dome.
It was acquired by Columbia in 1949 as part of a $12,000,000 expansion plan for its School of Engineering and Applied Science, and since the 1950s has hosted the university's Computer Music Center. During the Manhattan Project, Prentis Hall housed the Heat Transfer Research Facility, which performed may critical heat flux tests in order to determine the temperature a nuclear reactor would melt down. The building was investigated, along with Pupin Hall, in either 1967 or 1977 by the Energy Research and Development Administration for possible radiation contamination.
Prentis Hall houses the RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer, the first programmable music synthesizer, which takes up an entire office wall. It was moved from RCA by to the university by Otto Luening and Vladimir Ussachevsky, who helped design the instrument, and pioneers of electronic music.
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Putikhali Union is a Union Parishad under Morrelganj Upazila of Bagerhat District in the division of Khulna, Bangladesh. It has an area of 22.35 km2 (8.63 sq mi) and a population of 22,666.
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"title": "Putikhali Union",
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