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[ "Oceania" ]

[ { "id": "151402", "text": "Guam Guam (; Chamorro: \"\" ) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States in Micronesia in the western Pacific Ocean. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States, along with the Northern Mariana Islands. The capital city of Guam is Hagåtña and the most populous city is Dededo. The inhabitants of Guam are called Guamanians, and they are American citizens by birth. Indigenous Guamanians are the Chamorros, who are related to other Austronesian natives to the west in the Philippines and Taiwan. In 2016, 162,742 people resided on Guam. Guam has an area of", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151426", "text": "recognized under the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Guam temporarily hosted 100,000 Vietnamese refugees in 1975, and 6,600 Kurdish refugees in 1996. In August 2017, North Korea warned that it might launch mid-range ballistic missiles into waters within of Guam, following an exchange of threats between the governments of North Korea and the United States. Guam lies between 13.2° and 13.7°N and 144.6° and 145.0°E. It is long and wide, giving it an area of (three-fourths the size of Singapore) and making it the 32nd largest island of the United States. It is the southernmost and largest island in", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151403", "text": "and a population density of . In Oceania, it is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest population density at , whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at . The highest point is Mount Lamlam at above sea level. Since the 1960s, the economy has been supported by two industries: tourism and the United States Armed Forces. The indigenous Chamorros settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, while in the service of Spain, was the first European to visit the", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151427", "text": "the Marianas as well as the largest in Micronesia. Guam's highest point is Mount Lamlam at . Challenger Deep, at the deepest surveyed point in the Oceans, lies southwest of Guam. The Mariana chain of which Guam is a part was created by collision of the Pacific and Philippine Sea tectonic plates. Guam is the closest land mass to the Mariana Trench, the deep subduction zone that runs east of the Marianas. Due to its location on the Mariana Plate just westward of where the Pacific Plate subducts the Mariana and the Philippine Sea Plates, Guam occasionally experiences earthquakes. In", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151428", "text": "recent years, most with epicenters near Guam have had magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 8.7. Unlike Anatahan in the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam is not volcanically active, though vog (volcanic smog) from Anathan affects it due to proximity. A coral table reef surrounds most of Guam, and the limestone plateau provides the source for most of the island's fresh water. Steep coastal cliffs dominate the north, while mountains inform the topography of the island's southern end; lower hills typify the area in between. Guam experiences a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen \"Af\") – though its driest month of March almost averages", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151404", "text": "island, on March 6, 1521. Guam was colonized by Spain in 1668 with settlers, including Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Catholic Jesuit missionary. Between the 16th century and the 18th century, Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons. During the Spanish–American War, the United States captured Guam on June 21, 1898. Under the Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10, 1898. Guam is among the seventeen non-self-governing territories listed by the United Nations. Before World War II, there were five American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean: Guam and Wake Island", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151411", "text": "the largest islands between the island of Kyushu (Japan), New Guinea, the Philippines, and the Hawaiian Islands. Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668, with the arrival of Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod, who established the first Catholic church. The islands were part of the Spanish East Indies governed from the Philippines, which were in turn part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. Other reminders of colonial times include the old Governor's Palace in Plaza de España and the Spanish Bridge, both in Hagatña. Guam's Cathedral Dulce Nombre de Maria was formally opened", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151466", "text": "States except in American Samoa. Delimiting surveys performed September 13–25, 2007, indicated that the infestation was limited to Tumon Bay and Faifai Beach, an area of approximately . Guam Department of Agriculture (GDA) placed quarantine on all properties within the Tumon area on October 5 and later expanded the quarantine to about on October 25; approximately radius in all directions from all known locations of CRB infestation. CRB is native to Southern Asia and distributed throughout Asia and the Western Pacific including Sri Lanka, Upolu, Samoa, American Samoa, Palau, New Britain, West Irian, New Ireland, Pak Island and Manus Island", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "301901", "text": "Northern Mariana Islands The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI; ; Refaluwasch or Carolinian: \"Commonwealth Téél Falúw kka Efáng llól Marianas\"), is an insular area and commonwealth of the United States consisting of 14 islands in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The CNMI includes the 14 northernmost islands in the Mariana Archipelago except the southernmost island of the chain, Guam, which is a separate U.S. territory. The CNMI and Guam are the westernmost point (in terms of jurisdiction) and territory of the United States. The United States Department of the Interior cites a landmass of", "title": "Northern Mariana Islands" }, { "id": "151460", "text": "Inc. whose container ships connect Guam with Honolulu, Hawaii, Los Angeles, California, Oakland, California and Seattle, Washington. The port is also the regional transhipment hub for over 500,000 customers throughout the Micronesian region. The port is the shipping and receiving point for containers designated for the island's U.S. Department of Defense installations, Andersen Air Force Base and Commander, Naval Forces Marianas and eventually the Third Marine Expeditionary Force. Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport. The island is outside the United States customs zone, so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151430", "text": "The dry season runs from December to June. The remaining months (July to November) constitute the wet season with an average annual rainfall between 1981 and 2010 of around . The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of and generally less oppressive humidity levels. The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was on April 18, 1971, and April 1, 1990, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was on February 8, 1973. Guam is located in \"Typhoon Alley\" and it is common for the island to be threatened by tropical", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151444", "text": "taxes paid by local taxpayers (including military and civilian federal employees assigned to Guam). Lying in the western Pacific, Guam is a popular destination for Japanese tourists. Its tourist hub, Tumon, features over 20 large hotels, a Duty Free Shoppers Galleria, Pleasure Island district, indoor aquarium, Sandcastle Las Vegas–styled shows and other shopping and entertainment venues. It is a relatively short flight from Asia or Australia compared to Hawaii, with hotels and seven public golf courses accommodating over a million tourists per year. Although 75% of the tourists are Japanese, Guam receives a sizable number of tourists from South Korea,", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "6189482", "text": "Cocos Island (Guam) Cocos Island () is an island off the southern tip of the United States territory of Guam, located within the Merizo Barrier Reef, part of the municipality of Merizo. The island is uninhabited, long in a southwest-northeast direction, between and wide, and has an area of . It sits atop the southwestern coral reef rim of Cocos Lagoon. The east coast of the island is a day resort with a pool, volleyball court, cafe, ice cream parlor, restaurant and bar, and water sports equipment rentals. Visitors to the resort can snorkel, dive, kayak, dolphin watch, parasail, jet", "title": "Cocos Island (Guam)" }, { "id": "2030024", "text": "Hagåtña, Guam Hagåtña (; , formerly in English: Agana and in Spanish: Agaña), is the capital village of the United States territory of Guam. From the 18th through mid-20th century, it was Guam's population center, but today it is the second smallest of the island's 19 villages in both area and population. However, it remains one of the island's major commercial districts in addition to being the seat of government. \"Hagåt\" (also romanized as \"haga\"', with a glottal stop instead of a syllable-final \"t\") means \"blood\" in the Chamorro language. The suffix \"-ña\" can be translated as either the possessive", "title": "Hagåtña, Guam" }, { "id": "151418", "text": "failed 1872 Cavite mutiny. After almost four centuries as part of the Kingdom of Spain, the United States occupied the island following Spain's defeat in the 1898 Spanish–American War, as part of the Treaty of Paris of 1898. Guam was transferred to the United States Navy control on December 23, 1898, by from 25th President William McKinley. Guam came to serve as a station for American merchant and warships traveling to and from the Philippines (another American acquisition from Spain) while the Northern Mariana Islands were sold by Spain to Germany for part of its rapidly expanding German Empire, then", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "155389", "text": "History of Guam The history of Guam involves phases including the early arrival of Austronesian people known today as the Chamorros around 2000 BCE, the development of \"pre-contact\" society, Spanish colonization in the 17th century and the present American rule of the island since the 1898 Spanish–American War. Guam's history of colonialism is the longest among the Pacific islands. It is believed that Guam was first discovered by seafaring people who migrated from Southeast Asia around 2000 BC. The original inhabitants of Guam are believed to be descendants of Austronesian people originating from Southeast Asia as early as 2000 BC,", "title": "History of Guam" }, { "id": "151429", "text": "dry enough to qualify as a tropical monsoon climate – moderated by seasonal easterly trade winds. However, due to its proximity to the equator, high sea surface temperature and warm ocean current that transports heat and moisture, the weather is generally hot and humid throughout the year with little seasonal temperature variation. Hence, Guam is known to have equable temperatures year round. The mean high temperature is and mean low is . Temperatures rarely exceed or fall below . The relative humidity commonly exceeds 84 percent at night throughout the year, but the average monthly humidity hovers near 66 percent.", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151405", "text": "in Micronesia, American Samoa and Hawaii in Polynesia, and the Philippines. On December 7, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, who occupied the island for two and a half years. During the occupation, Guamanians were subjected to beheadings, forced labor, rape, and torture. American forces recaptured the island on July 21, 1944; Liberation Day commemorates the victory. An unofficial but frequently used territorial motto is \"Where America's Day Begins\", which refers to the island's close proximity to the international date line. The original inhabitants of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands were", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "155405", "text": "11,490 (11,159 natives), Hagåtña, the capital, contains about 8,000. Possessing a good harbor, the island serves as a United States naval station, the naval commandant acting also as governor. The products of the island are maize, copra, rice, sugar, and valuable timber.\" Military officers governed the island as \"USS \"Guam\"\", and the United States Navy opposed proposals for civilian government until 1950. During World War II, Guam was invaded by the Imperial Japanese Army on December 8, 1941 shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The Japanese immediately renamed the island \"Omiya Jima\" (Great Shrine Island). The Japanese military occupation", "title": "History of Guam" }, { "id": "151457", "text": "mobile phone services and high-speed internet widely available through either cable or DSL. Guam was added to the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) in 1997 (country code 671 became NANP area code 671), removing the barrier of high-cost international long-distance calls to the U.S. mainland. Guam is also a major hub for submarine cables between the Western U.S., Hawaii, Australia and Asia. Guam currently serves twelve submarine cables, with most continuing to China. In 1899, the local postage stamps were overprinted \"Guam\" as was done for the other former Spanish colonies, but this was discontinued shortly thereafter and regular U.S.", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "437936", "text": "are many volcanoes. Hawaii, far to the south of Alaska in the Pacific Ocean, is a chain of tropical, volcanic islands, popular as a tourist destination for many from East Asia and the mainland United States. The territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands encompass a number of tropical isles in the northeastern Caribbean Sea. In the Pacific Ocean the territories of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands occupy the limestone and volcanic isles of the Mariana archipelago, and American Samoa (the only populated US territory in the southern hemisphere) encompasses volcanic peaks and coral atolls in the", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "id": "151410", "text": "los Ladrones\" (\"Islands of thieves\").\" Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until January 26, 1565, by General Miguel López de Legazpi. From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outposts in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, were an important resting stop for the Manila galleons, a fleet that covered the Pacific trade route between Acapulco and Manila. To protect these Pacific fleets, Spain built several defensive structures that still stand today, such as Fort Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in Umatac. Guam is the biggest single segment of Micronesia,", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "6189485", "text": "Guard announced their findings on 20 February 2006 and warned people not to eat fish caught in the lagoon. Cocos Island is one of the few locations to have had the endangered Guam rail reintroduced to it. Cocos Island (Guam) Cocos Island () is an island off the southern tip of the United States territory of Guam, located within the Merizo Barrier Reef, part of the municipality of Merizo. The island is uninhabited, long in a southwest-northeast direction, between and wide, and has an area of . It sits atop the southwestern coral reef rim of Cocos Lagoon. The east", "title": "Cocos Island (Guam)" }, { "id": "151478", "text": "years, a number of films have been shot on Guam, including \"Shiro's Head\" (directed by the Muna brothers) and the government-funded \"\" (2004). Although set on Guam, \"No Man Is an Island\" (1962) was not shot there, but in the Republic of the Philippines. Likewise, in the 2015 film \"Pixels\", the scene of the first alien attack takes place at Andersen AFB. Guam Guam (; Chamorro: \"\" ) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States in Micronesia in the western Pacific Ocean. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States, along with the Northern", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151463", "text": "the snake has no natural predators on the island. The brown tree snake, known locally as the \"kulebla\", is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. It is slightly venomous, but relatively harmless to human beings; it is nocturnal. Although some studies have suggested a high density of these serpents on Guam, residents rarely see them. The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow. The United States Geological Survey also has dogs that can detect snakes in forested environments around", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "2170271", "text": "by humans. The Mariana Islands are the southern part of a submerged mountain range that extends from Guam to near Japan. Geographically, the Marianas are the northernmost islands of a larger island group called Micronesia, situated between 13° and 21°N latitude and 144° and 146°E longitude. The Mariana Islands have a total land area of . They are composed of two administrative units: The island chain geographically consists of two subgroups, a northern group of ten volcanic main islands, all are currently uninhabited; and a southern group of five coralline limestone islands (Rota, Guam, Aguijan, Tinian and Saipan), all inhabited", "title": "Mariana Islands" }, { "id": "452610", "text": "Wake Island Wake Island (also known as Wake Atoll) is a coral atoll in the western Pacific Ocean in the northeastern area of the Micronesia subregion, east of Guam, west of Honolulu and southeast of Tokyo. The island is an unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States that is also claimed by the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Wake Island is one of the most isolated islands in the world and the nearest inhabited island is Utirik Atoll in the Marshall Islands, to the southeast. Wake Island, one of 14 U.S. insular areas, is administered by the United States Air", "title": "Wake Island" }, { "id": "437927", "text": "is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia had also donated land, but it was returned in 1849.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization: in the Caribbean the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and in the Pacific the inhabited territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, along with a number of uninhabited island territories. The eastern United States has a varied topography. A broad, flat coastal plain lines the Atlantic and Gulf shores from the Texas-Mexico border to New", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "id": "20758574", "text": "water levels less than eight feet. In some cases, the lens extends into fractures in the volcanic rock, but for the most part, it is contained in limestone in the north. Minor areas of perched water occur in limestone, atop nearly impermeable volcanic rocks at different points. The island has some ability to extract groundwater for drinking water and other uses, but there is a constant risk of saltwater intrusion. Well measurements indicate that further inland, thicker rocks moderate the effect of tide cycles in wells, such that wells within one mile of the coast had a range of half", "title": "Geology of Guam" }, { "id": "452701", "text": "the claims of the Kingdom of EnenKio are fraudulent. Wake Island Wake Island (also known as Wake Atoll) is a coral atoll in the western Pacific Ocean in the northeastern area of the Micronesia subregion, east of Guam, west of Honolulu and southeast of Tokyo. The island is an unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States that is also claimed by the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Wake Island is one of the most isolated islands in the world and the nearest inhabited island is Utirik Atoll in the Marshall Islands, to the southeast. Wake Island, one of 14 U.S.", "title": "Wake Island" }, { "id": "151446", "text": "the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of \"free association\" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "4686733", "text": "Rota (island) Rota (Chamorro: Zarpana) also known as the \"Friendly Island\", is the southernmost island of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) and the second southernmost of the Marianas Archipelago. The name Rota is believed to have come from the Spaniards possibly naming the island after the municipality of Rota, Spain. It lies approximately north-northeast of the United States territory of Guam. Sinapalo village is the largest and most populated followed by Songsong village (Songsong). Rota is long and wide. Its coastline is about long. The highest point on Rota is Mt. Sabana which is .", "title": "Rota (island)" }, { "id": "2170269", "text": "Mariana Islands The Mariana Islands (; also the Marianas) are a crescent-shaped archipelago comprising the summits of fifteen mostly dormant volcanic mountains in the western North Pacific Ocean, between the 12th and 21st parallels north and along the 145th meridian east. They lie south-southeast of Japan, west-southwest of Hawaii, north of New Guinea and east of the Philippines, demarcating the Philippine Sea's eastern limit. They are found in the northern part of the western Oceanic sub-region of Micronesia, and are politically divided into two jurisdictions of the United States: the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and, at the southern", "title": "Mariana Islands" }, { "id": "151453", "text": "in [United States] policy to its Non-Self-Governing Territories such as Guam, where they will be more willing to engage in discussions about our future and offer true support to help push us towards true self-governances and self-determination.\" Guam is divided into nineteen municipalities called villages: The U.S. military maintains jurisdiction over its bases, which cover approximately , or 29% of the island's total land area: In addition to on-shore military installations, Guam, along with the rest of the Mariana Islands, is being prepared to be the westernmost military training range for the U.S. Guam is currently viewed as a key", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "437922", "text": "Geography of the United States The term \"United States\", when used in the geographical sense, is the contiguous United States, the state of Alaska, the island state of Hawaii, the five insular territories of Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa, and minor outlying possessions. The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and maritime borders with Russia, Cuba, and the Bahamas in addition to Canada and Mexico. The United States's northern border with Canada is the world's longest bi-national land border. From 1989 through 1996, the total area of the US was", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "id": "151467", "text": "(New Guinea), Fiji, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Mauritius, and Reunion. From the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries, the Spanish introduced pigs, dogs, chickens, the Philippine deer (\"Rusa mariannus\"), black francolins, and carabao (a subspecies of water buffalo), which have cultural significance. Herds of carabao obstruct military base operations and harm native ecosystems. After birth control and adoption efforts were ineffective, the U.S. military began culling the herds in 2002 leading to organized protests from island residents. Other introduced species include cane toads introduced in 1937, the giant African snail (an agricultural pest introduced during World War II by Japanese occupation troops) and", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "11812733", "text": "Retrieved June 12, 2006.<br> United States Courts for the Ninth Circuit Public Information Office (April 26, 2006). \"Guam Supreme Court Justice Nominated for Federal Judgeship.\" Press release.<br> Guam Organic Act Amendment, per THOMAS (Library of Congress reports) Guam is affiliated to the ESCAP (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), IOC, and Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC).. Commissions: Government of Guam The Government of Guam (GovGuam) is a presidential representative democratic system, whereby the President is the head of state and the Governor is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States with", "title": "Government of Guam" }, { "id": "2762562", "text": "Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands; San Juan in Puerto Rico; and, Charlotte Amalie in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The current governors of these territories are the following: Lolo Matalasi Moliga (American Samoa), Eddie Baza Calvo (Guam), Ralph Torres (Northern Mariana Islands), Ricardo Rosselló (Puerto Rico), and Kenneth Mapp (U.S. Virgin Islands). Except for Guam, the inhabited territories have had negative population growth between 2010 and 2017. The inhabited territories also have high poverty rates, but also high Human Development Index (HDI) rankings. All poverty rates are higher than the mainland United States. Four of the five territories have an", "title": "Territories of the United States" }, { "id": "11095626", "text": "has the Desventuradas Islands and the Juan Fernández Islands, also located in the Eastern Pacific and to the East of Easter Island. Akin to Clipperton, these are nominally associated with South America. The United States of America controls numerous territories in Oceania, including the state of Hawaii and the territories of Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and American Samoa. The Malay Archipelago is usually divided between Asia and Australasia, most commonly along the anthropologic Melanesian line or Weber's Line. Indonesia controls the western half of New Guinea, geographically part of Australasia. The eastern half of the island is part of", "title": "Boundaries between the continents of Earth" }, { "id": "10381478", "text": "forest in the north of the island and wooded hills in the south. Much of the island's coastline is edged with coral reefs and cliffs, though beaches suitable for landing troops exist in the center of the west coast. Guam has a tropical climate, though December forms part of the dry season. The United States captured Guam from the Kingdom of Spain on 21 June 1898 during the Spanish–American War. The next year Spain sold the other islands in the Marianas chain to Germany. The United States Navy established a facility near the village of Piti on Guam in 1899,", "title": "Battle of Guam (1941)" }, { "id": "3736367", "text": "Seal of Guam The Seal of Guam appears in the middle of the flag of the United States territory of Guam. It depicts Agaña Bay near Hagåtña, a local proa and a palm tree. Charles Alan Pownall approved the seal in 1946. It depicts a coconut palm on the shore with a sailboat nearby on the water. The name \"Guam\" appears in red across the center of the seal. The coconut tree, also known as the Tree of Life, holds a dominant position on Guam's symbol. The shape of the seal is that of a Chamorro sling stone used as", "title": "Seal of Guam" }, { "id": "2030034", "text": "entire island of Guam. Hagåtña residents are zoned to: Private schools in Hagåtña include: Guam Public Library System operates the Nieves M. Flores Memorial Library at 254 Martyr Street in Hagåtña. Hagåtña, Guam Hagåtña (; , formerly in English: Agana and in Spanish: Agaña), is the capital village of the United States territory of Guam. From the 18th through mid-20th century, it was Guam's population center, but today it is the second smallest of the island's 19 villages in both area and population. However, it remains one of the island's major commercial districts in addition to being the seat of", "title": "Hagåtña, Guam" }, { "id": "2762557", "text": "political union with the Northern Mariana Islands in 1986, they too are treated as a part of the U.S. An executive order adopted in 2007 includes American Samoa in the U.S. \"geographical extent\" as reflected in U.S. Department of State documents. The U.S. has five territories that are permanently inhabited: Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the Caribbean Sea; Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Marianas archipelago in the western North Pacific Ocean; and American Samoa in the South Pacific Ocean. Approximately 4 million people in these territories are U.S. citizens. U.S. citizenship at birth is", "title": "Territories of the United States" }, { "id": "20758573", "text": "of the wave-break corals of the Mariana limestone continued through the Pleistocene. Numerous terraces formed around the island in the middle and late Pleistocene. Groundwater supplies about 80% of the island's freshwater needs, with greater reliance on surface water in the south. Streams are only found in southern Guam, where volcanic rock with low-permeability slows the infiltration of rainwater into the ground. In the north, a limestone karst landscape quickly absorbs water. On Guam, freshwater forms a lens, with a transitional zone of brackish water to salt water underneath it. Throughout the island, the freshwater lens is nearly flat, with", "title": "Geology of Guam" }, { "id": "151445", "text": "the U.S., the Philippines, and Taiwan. Significant sources of revenue include duty-free designer shopping outlets, and the American-style malls: Micronesia Mall, Guam Premier Outlets, the Agana Shopping Center, and the world's largest Kmart. The economy had been stable since 2000 due to increased tourism. It is expected to stabilize with the transfer of U.S. Marine Corps' 3rd Marine Expeditionary Force, currently in Okinawa, Japan, (approximately 8,000 Marines, along with their 10,000 dependents), to Guam between 2010 and 2015. In 2003, Guam had a 14% unemployment rate, and the government suffered a $314 million shortfall. The Compacts of Free Association between", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "17378817", "text": "Agana Spanish Bridge The Agana Spanish Bridge () is a stone arch bridge built in 1800 in Hagåtña, Guam (formerly known as Agana), during the administration of Spanish governor Manuel Muro. It is the only surviving Spanish bridge in Hagåtña, which is the capital of the United States territory of Guam. Also known as Sagon I Tolai Acho, it is located at the southwest corner of Aspenall St. and Rte. 1 and was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Originally it crossed the Hagåtña River, which had been diverted, and it connected the San Ignacio", "title": "Agana Spanish Bridge" }, { "id": "259047", "text": "a year previously. Micronesia is a region that includes approximately 2100 islands, with a total land area of , the largest of which is Guam, which covers . The total ocean area within the perimeter of the islands is . There are four main island groups in Micronesia: Plus the island country of Nauru. The Caroline Islands are a widely scattered archipelago consisting of about 500 small coral islands, north of New Guinea and east of the Philippines. The Carolines consist of two states: the Federated States of Micronesia, consisting of approximately 600 islands on the eastern side of the", "title": "Micronesia" }, { "id": "155403", "text": "which are of great historical value today. The Galleon Era ended in 1815 following the Mexican Independence. Guam later was host to a number of scientists, voyagers, and whalers from Russia, France, and England who also provided detailed accounts of the daily life on Guam under Spanish rule. Through the Spanish colonial period, Guam inherited food, language, and surnames from Spain and Spanish America. On June 21, 1898, the United States captured Guam in a bloodless landing during the Spanish–American War. By the Treaty of Paris, Spain officially ceded the island to the United States. Guam became part of an", "title": "History of Guam" }, { "id": "3736370", "text": "not visible from the point in Agana Bay. Seal of Guam The Seal of Guam appears in the middle of the flag of the United States territory of Guam. It depicts Agaña Bay near Hagåtña, a local proa and a palm tree. Charles Alan Pownall approved the seal in 1946. It depicts a coconut palm on the shore with a sailboat nearby on the water. The name \"Guam\" appears in red across the center of the seal. The coconut tree, also known as the Tree of Life, holds a dominant position on Guam's symbol. The shape of the seal is", "title": "Seal of Guam" }, { "id": "259049", "text": "result of the western edge of the Pacific Plate moving westward and plunging downward below the Mariana plate, a region which is the most volcanically active convergent plate boundary on Earth. The Marianas were politically divided in 1898, when the United States acquired title to Guam under the Treaty of Paris, 1898, which ended the Spanish–American War. Spain then sold the remaining northerly islands to Germany in 1899. Germany lost all of her colonies at the end of World War I and the Northern Mariana Islands became a League of Nations Mandate, with Japan as the mandatory. After World War", "title": "Micronesia" }, { "id": "12881522", "text": "Orote Peninsula The Orote Peninsula is a four kilometer-long peninsula jutting from the west coast of the United States territory of Guam. The entire peninsula is part of the village of Santa Rita. It forms the southern coast of Apra Harbor, and its westernmost tip, Point Udall, is also Guam's westernmost point. The south coast of Orote Peninsula meets the rest of the island at the long sweep of Agat Bay. Orote Peninsula is the site of Naval Base Guam, and is also the location of the small settlement of Lockwood Terrace. The peninsula was also featured in the epilogue", "title": "Orote Peninsula" }, { "id": "805517", "text": "their southern end. Guam's longitude of 144°45'E is east of the Moluccas' longitude of 127°24'E by 17°21', which is remarkably close by 16th-century standards to the treaty's 17° east. This longitude passes through the eastern end of the main north Japanese island of Hokkaidō and through the eastern end of New Guinea, which is where Frédéric Durand placed the demarcation line. Moriarty and Keistman placed the demarcation line at 147°E by measuring 16.4° east from the western end of New Guinea (or 17° east of 130°E). Despite the treaty's clear statement that the demarcation line passes 17° east of the", "title": "Treaty of Tordesillas" }, { "id": "12758050", "text": "Catholic Church in Guam The Catholic Church in the United States unincorporated territory of Guam is part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome and locally administered by the Archdiocese of Agaña. Catholicism on the island was a product of centuries of Spanish colonial control as the island was part of the Spanish East Indies until 1898, when the United States acquired it after the Spanish–American War. On October 14, 1965, the vicariate apostolic was raised to a diocese. The first supreme pontiff to visit the island was Pope John Paul II in", "title": "Catholic Church in Guam" }, { "id": "151450", "text": "Other movements advocate U.S. statehood for Guam, union with the state of Hawaii, or union with the Northern Mariana Islands as a single territory, or independence. In a 1982 plebiscite, voters indicated interest in seeking commonwealth status. The island has been considering another non-binding plebiscite on decolonization since 1998. Governor Eddie Baza Calvo intended to include one during the island's November 2016 elections but it was delayed again. A Commission on Decolonization was established in 1997 to educate the people of Guam about the various political status options in its relationship with the U.S.: statehood, free association and independence. The", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "437959", "text": "to the Atlantic Ocean. The United States holds many areas for the use and enjoyment of the public. These include National Parks, National Monuments, National Forests, Wilderness areas, and other areas. For lists of areas, see the following articles: Geography of the United States The term \"United States\", when used in the geographical sense, is the contiguous United States, the state of Alaska, the island state of Hawaii, the five insular territories of Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa, and minor outlying possessions. The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "id": "11804184", "text": "a different geographical coding system than for passenger plates. These codes were based on more specific geographical areas or geographical features, rather than political jurisdictions. Bus, dealer, taxi, and trailer plates were coded only by type, not location of issuance. Vehicle registration plates of Guam The U.S. unincorporated territory of Guam first required its residents to register their motor vehicles and display license plates in 1916. In 1956, the United States, Canada and Mexico came to an agreement with the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, the Automobile Manufacturers Association and the National Safety Council that standardized the size for", "title": "Vehicle registration plates of Guam" }, { "id": "11812708", "text": "Government of Guam The Government of Guam (GovGuam) is a presidential representative democratic system, whereby the President is the head of state and the Governor is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States with policy relations between Guam and the US under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs. The governor and lieutenant governor are elected on the same sad ticket by popular vote for four-year terms. The current Governor of Guam is Eddie Baza Calvo. The current Lt. Governor of Guam is Raymond Tenorio. The next gubenatorial", "title": "Government of Guam" }, { "id": "2127491", "text": "Geography of Tibet The geography of Tibet consists of the high mountains, lakes and rivers lying between Central, East and South Asia. Traditionally, Western (European and American) sources have regarded Tibet as being in Central Asia, though today's maps show a trend toward considering all of modern China, including Tibet, to be part of East Asia. Tibet is often called \"the roof of the world,\" comprising table-lands averaging over 4,950 metres above the sea with peaks at 6,000 to 7,500 m, including Mount Everest, on the border with Nepal. It is bounded on the north and east by the Central", "title": "Geography of Tibet" }, { "id": "2127476", "text": "Geography of Tibet The geography of Tibet consists of the high mountains, lakes and rivers lying between Central, East and South Asia. Traditionally, Western (European and American) sources have regarded Tibet as being in Central Asia, though today's maps show a trend toward considering all of modern China, including Tibet, to be part of East Asia. Tibet is often called \"the roof of the world,\" comprising table-lands averaging over 4,950 metres above the sea with peaks at 6,000 to 7,500 m, including Mount Everest, on the border with Nepal. It is bounded on the north and east by the Central", "title": "Geography of Tibet" }, { "id": "155416", "text": "Politics of Guam Guam is a presidential representative democracy, whereby the Governor is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States with policy relations between Guam and the US under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs. The economy of Guam is greatly dependent on the U.S. military bases there. The U.S. connection also contributes to Guam's status as a Japanese tourist destination. Some assume the Guamanian population is sympathetic toward the United States, based on common tribulations during World War II, and on relations with the U.S. military", "title": "Politics of Guam" }, { "id": "155394", "text": "either from population growth or the arrival of new people. The theory remains tenuous, however, due to lack of evidence, but if proven correct, will further support the idea that Pre-Contact Chamorros lived in a vibrant and dynamic environment. The first known contact between Guam and Western Europe occurred when a Spanish expedition led by Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer sailing for the Holy Roman Emperor King Charles I of Spain, arrived with his 3-ship fleet in Guam on March 6, 1521 after a long voyage across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, from Spain. History credits the village of Umatac", "title": "History of Guam" }, { "id": "155419", "text": "also listed on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories. Politics of Guam Guam is a presidential representative democracy, whereby the Governor is head of government, and of a multi-party system. Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States with policy relations between Guam and the US under the jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs. The economy of Guam is greatly dependent on the U.S. military bases there. The U.S. connection also contributes to Guam's status as a Japanese tourist destination. Some assume the Guamanian population is sympathetic toward the United States, based on common tribulations during", "title": "Politics of Guam" }, { "id": "2615121", "text": "Flag of Guam The flag of the United States territory of Guam was adopted on February 9, 1948. The territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all sides (border was a later addition). Narrow red border represents the blood that it ravaged in World War 2 and Spanish sovereignty. In the center of the flag is the coat of arms; an almond shaped emblem, which depicts a proa sailing in Agana Bay near Hagåtña, and \"GUAM\" colored in red letters. The shape of the emblem recalls the slingshot stones used by the islanders' ancestors. The landform", "title": "Flag of Guam" }, { "id": "14494344", "text": "Guam Highway 3 Guam Highway 3 (GH-3) is one of the primary automobile highways in the United States territory of Guam. It runs in a south to north direction, from a junction with GH-1 near the Micronesia Mall in the southern community of Tamuning in a general northeasterly direction to the community of Dededo, where it meets GH-3A and GH-9. In between, it passes the United States Naval Communications Station Finegayan and the Federal Aviation Administration headquarters on the island. Guam Highway 3A (GH-3A) connects GH-3 and GH-9 to Ritidan Point at the northern tip of the island of Guam", "title": "Guam Highway 3" }, { "id": "12119788", "text": "Guam Highway 4 Guam Highway 4 (GH-4) is one of the primary automobile highways in the United States territory of Guam. GH-4 is the major highway along the southeastern coast of Guam, comprising the majority of a loop around the southern half of the island (the rest is taken up by GH-1, GH-2A, and GH-2). The highway begins at the south end of GH-2 at the Magellan Monument in Umatac (the road officially changes designations at the crossing of the Umatac River). The road then begins its counterclockwise journey around the southern half of the island, first going south to", "title": "Guam Highway 4" }, { "id": "2962185", "text": "Tamuning, Guam Tamuning, also known as Tamuning-Tumon-Harmon () is a Municipality/ Town/ City or village located on the western shore of the United States territory of Guam. The village of Tamuning can be viewed as the economic center of Guam, containing Tumon (the center of Guam's tourist industry), Harmon Industrial Park, and commercial districts in other parts of the municipality. Its central location along Marine Corps Drive (the island's main thoroughfare) has aided in its development. Tamuning is the site of the access roads and the old passenger terminal of Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, the passenger airport for", "title": "Tamuning, Guam" }, { "id": "5934432", "text": "Tumon, Guam Tumon () is a district located along the northwest coast of the United States unincorporated territory of Guam. Located in the municipality of Tamuning, it is the center of Guam's tourist industry. When the Spaniards first arrived in Guam in 1668, \"Tomhom\" was one of the most prominent villages. The first Roman Catholic missionaries to the island, the Jesuit Padre (\"Pålé\"), the Spanish priest Blessed Diego Luis de San Vitores and his sacristan, the Visayan Saint Pedro Calungsod were killed in Tumon by the village chief Mata'pang after San Vitores had baptised the chief's daughter without permission, but", "title": "Tumon, Guam" }, { "id": "5996821", "text": "Umatac, Guam Umatac (), formerly called Umata, is a village on the southwestern coast of the United States territory of Guam. The month of March in the Chamorro language is \"Umatalaf,\" or \"to catch guatafi,\" which is believed to be the root word of Umatac. The village's population has decreased since the island's 2000 census. Mount Bolanos, at an elevation of , is the 3rd highest peak of Guam and lies away. Prior to Spanish arrival on the island, an annual celebration was held north of the village at Fouha Rock where the first humans were created according to the", "title": "Umatac, Guam" }, { "id": "5935061", "text": "Villages of Guam The United States territory of Guam is divided into nineteen municipalities, called villages. Each village is governed by an elected mayor. Village populations range in size from under 1,000 to over 40,000. As of the 2000 census, the total population of Guam was 154,805. However, the entire island is counted as a single county equivalent by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes. Many villages have rich histories reaching back thousands of years. Artifacts from ancient Chamorro settlements can be found in every village of Guam. When the Spanish Empire colonized the Marianas Islands as part", "title": "Villages of Guam" }, { "id": "12636725", "text": "the U.S. Coast Guard seized a $3,000,000 purse seiner two miles from the Howland-Baker EEZ border with Kiribati, and a year later the case went to the federal District Court of Guam. The jurisdiction in Guam is provided by the 1976 Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. Based on nautical time, the Howland and Baker islands are the last part of the U.S. to bring in the New Year, being the only territory of the U.S. in UTC−12. They are 24 hours behind the Wake Island Time Zone. The area is also in the equatorial band above which satellites can", "title": "Howland and Baker islands" }, { "id": "10381477", "text": "Battle of Guam (1941) The First Battle of Guam was an engagement during the Pacific War in World War II, and took place from 8 December to 10 December 1941 on Guam in the Mariana Islands between Japan and the United States. The American garrison was defeated by Japanese forces on 10 December, which resulted in an occupation until the Second Battle of Guam in 1944. Guam is the southernmost part of the Mariana Islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is the largest of the islands, with an area of 225 square miles. Guam's interior is rugged, with heavy tropical", "title": "Battle of Guam (1941)" }, { "id": "4019324", "text": "Battle of Guam (1944) The Second Battle of Guam (21 July – 10 August 1944) was the American recapture of the Japanese-held island of Guam, a U.S. territory in the Mariana Islands captured by the Japanese from the U.S. in the 1941 First Battle of Guam during the Pacific campaign of World War II. Guam, at 212 square miles (543 square kilometers), is the largest island of the Marianas, with a length of 32 miles (52 km) and a width ranging from 12 miles (19.31 km) to four miles (6.44 km) at different points of the island. It had been", "title": "Battle of Guam (1944)" }, { "id": "9047887", "text": "Guam Highway 1 Guam Highway 1 (GH-1), also known as Marine Corps Drive, is one of the primary automobile routes in the United States territory of Guam. It runs in a southwest-to-northeast direction, from the main gate of Naval Base Guam in the western community of Santa Rita in a general northeasterly direction to the main gate of Andersen Air Force Base in the community of Yigo. It passes through Guam's capital, Hagåtña, as well as intersecting various other territorial highways. Along its route, the highway runs through tropical forest areas, urbanized commercial areas, and residential neighborhoods. The US Military", "title": "Guam Highway 1" }, { "id": "151424", "text": "World War II, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968, when the Guam Elective Governor Act provided for the office's popular election. Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing on Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a non-voting member. They do, however, get to vote for party delegates in presidential primaries. Andersen Air Force Base played", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "15334014", "text": "Merizo, Guam Merizo (), is the southernmost village in the United States territory of Guam. Cocos Island (Chamorro: Islan Dåno) is a part of the municipality. The village's population has decreased since the island's 2000 census. During the first Spanish missionary efforts on Guam, Merizo was the site of resistance encouraged by Choco, a Chinese resident of the village. The parish of Merizo was the second established by the Spanish on Guam. A large population of Chamorros from the Mariana Islands were relocated to the village during Spanish rule. The village covers an area of and is located on the", "title": "Merizo, Guam" }, { "id": "16090733", "text": "representation in Congress for residents of Guam has been an issue since the foundation of the federal district. The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) is a United States federal law dealing with elections and voting rights for United States citizens residing overseas. The act requires that all U.S. states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the U.S. Virgin Islands allow certain U.S. citizens to register to vote and to vote by absentee ballot in federal elections. The act is Public Law 99-410 and was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on August", "title": "Voting in Guam" }, { "id": "11812726", "text": "well as local jurisdiction. Guam's Federal District Court is housed on the 4th floor of the U.S. Courthouse, 520 West Soledad Avenue, in Hagåtña, Guam. Its lone federal District Court Chief Judge is one of the few Article IV territorial judgeships, appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate to a ten-year term. The current Chief Judge of the U.S. District Court of Guam is The Hon. Frances Marie Tydingco-Gatewood, the first female Chamorro federal judge for the United States. Other former district judges include: The district also seats one federal Magistrate, currently", "title": "Government of Guam" }, { "id": "15334000", "text": "Yigo, Guam Yigo, Guam (; pronounced ) is the northernmost village of the United States territory of Guam, and is the location of Andersen Air Force Base. The municipality of Yigo is larger than any other village on the island in terms of area. It contains a number of populated places, including Asatdas and Agafo Gumas. Yigo is historically one of Guam's richest farming areas. During World War II, the village was the site of a concentration camp during Japanese occupation of the island. It was also the site of the island's final battle during the war. The South Pacific", "title": "Yigo, Guam" }, { "id": "10623621", "text": "Cocos Lagoon Cocos Lagoon appears as a small incomplete coral atoll attached to the south-western coast of Guam near the area of the village of Merizo. It stretches about east-west and north-south, covering an area of more than . Cocos Island and Babe Island sit atop the southern portion of the Merizo Barrier Reef and separate Cocos Lagoon from the open ocean in the south. In the east, Cocos Lagoon is separated from Achang Reef by narrow Manell Channel that leads to Achang Bay. In the north-west, Mamaon Channel separates Cocos Lagoon from the main island of Guam and allows", "title": "Cocos Lagoon" }, { "id": "151412", "text": "on February 2, 1669, as was the Royal College of San Juan de Letran. Guam, along with the rest of the Mariana and Caroline Islands, were treated as part of Spain's colony in the Philippines. While the island's Chamorro culture has indigenous roots, the cultures of both Guam and the Northern Marianas have many similarities with Spanish culture due to three centuries of Spanish rule. Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670, until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000, finally to", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "16231466", "text": "Guamblin Island Guamblin Island, also known as Socorro Island, Nuestra Señora del Socorro or Huamblin, is a Chilean island. It is part of the Chonos Archipelago, although it is some 25 km distant from the other islands of the archipelago, far out in the Pacific Ocean. The island is a National Park, and listed as an Important Bird Area. It is a breeding ground of the sooty shearwater. In June 1973, the Liberian oil tanker \"Napier\" ran aground on the island and sparked an oil spill releasing 30,000 tons of oil. After the rescue of the crew, \"Napier\" was fired", "title": "Guamblin Island" }, { "id": "146496", "text": "Federated States of Micronesia The Federated States of Micronesia (; abbreviated FSM and also known simply as Micronesia) is an independent republic associated to the United States. It consists of four states from west to east, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosraethat are spread across the Western Pacific Ocean. Together, the states comprise around 607 islands (a combined land area of approximately ) that cover a longitudinal distance of almost just north of the equator. They lie northeast of New Guinea, south of Guam and the Marianas, west of Nauru and the Marshall Islands, east of Palau and the Philippines, about", "title": "Federated States of Micronesia" }, { "id": "10359726", "text": "a land area of approximately containing a population of approximately 4 million people; Puerto Rico alone comprises the vast majority of both the total area and total population. Of the 13 territories, five are inhabited. These are either organized or self-governing, but unincorporated. These are Puerto Rico, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. There are also nine uninhabited U.S. possessions, of which only Palmyra Atoll is incorporated. (See Territories of the United States, Unorganized territory and insular area.) All modern inhabited territories under the control of the federal government can be considered as part of the", "title": "Unincorporated territories of the United States" }, { "id": "9561455", "text": "1986, and still remains in the book today despite federal overlap. Chamorro Time Zone The Chamorro Time Zone, formerly the Guam Time Zone, is a United States time zone which observes standard time ten hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (). The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time of the 150th meridian east of the Greenwich Observatory. The zone includes the U.S. territories of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, where the Chamorro people are the original inhabitants. Since Daylight Saving Time (DST) is not observed anywhere in this zone, the time is always", "title": "Chamorro Time Zone" }, { "id": "16231467", "text": "upon and set ablaze by Chilean Hawker Hunters with the purpose of burning the oil to avoid further pollution. Guamblin Island Guamblin Island, also known as Socorro Island, Nuestra Señora del Socorro or Huamblin, is a Chilean island. It is part of the Chonos Archipelago, although it is some 25 km distant from the other islands of the archipelago, far out in the Pacific Ocean. The island is a National Park, and listed as an Important Bird Area. It is a breeding ground of the sooty shearwater. In June 1973, the Liberian oil tanker \"Napier\" ran aground on the island", "title": "Guamblin Island" }, { "id": "151420", "text": "the first in the Pacific. Pan American World Airways established a seaplane base on the island for its trans-Pacific San Francisco-Manila-Hong Kong route, and the Commercial Pacific Cable Company had earlier built a telegraph/telephone station in 1903 for its trans-oceanic communication line. During World War II (1939-1945), Guam was attacked and invaded by Japan on Monday, December 8, 1941, shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor's American Pacific fleet and naval/air bases in Hawaii, hours before. In addition, Japan made major military moves into Southeast Asia and the East Indies islands of the South Pacific Ocean against the British and", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "151465", "text": "were common in Guam before World War II. Other bird species threatened by the brown tree snake include the Mariana crow, the Mariana swiftlet, and the Micronesian starling, though populations are present on other islands, including Rota. Guam is said to have many more insects and 40 times more spiders than neighboring islands, because their natural predators birds are severely diminished, and the forests are almost completely silent due to lack of birdsong. An infestation of the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), \"Oryctes rhinoceros\", was detected on Guam on September 12, 2007. CRB is not known to occur in the United", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "15334008", "text": "Barrigada Barrigada () is a village in the United States territory of Guam. A largely residential municipality, its main village is located south of the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport near the intersections of Routes 8, 10, and 16. The community east of the airport known as Barrigada Heights is considered an affluent neighborhood on the island, where homes have excellent views overlooking much of Guam including the island's airport and hotels along Tumon Bay. Another significant location is Mount Barrigada, nearly 200 meters above sea level. Its location in the center of the island means it houses most", "title": "Barrigada" }, { "id": "5996824", "text": "use by the Umatac Mayor's Office. Southern High School in Santa Rita serves the village. Umatac, Guam Umatac (), formerly called Umata, is a village on the southwestern coast of the United States territory of Guam. The month of March in the Chamorro language is \"Umatalaf,\" or \"to catch guatafi,\" which is believed to be the root word of Umatac. The village's population has decreased since the island's 2000 census. Mount Bolanos, at an elevation of , is the 3rd highest peak of Guam and lies away. Prior to Spanish arrival on the island, an annual celebration was held north", "title": "Umatac, Guam" }, { "id": "18041302", "text": "Gun laws in Guam Gun laws in Guam regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in Guam, an unincorporated territory of the United States. As Guam is a territory of the United States, many U.S. federal laws apply, as well as Constitutional rulings and protections. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> A Firearms ID card, valid for 3 years from date of issue, allows possession and open carry of all legal firearms in Guam. One may open carry handguns or long guns. Guam was previously a may-issue jurisdiction, and generally approved very few permits (~50/year). Bill 296-32 was introduced by senators", "title": "Gun laws in Guam" }, { "id": "4603038", "text": "Myers, later known for his command during the Boxer Rebellion, marched the Marines through the boathouse and lined them up so that the Spanish and native troops were between the Americans and the ocean. The 54 Spanish regulars and two lieutenants were disarmed, placed in a sampan, and transported to \"City of Sydney\". Glass went ashore and raised an American flag over the fortifications while the bands aboard \"Australia\" and \"City of Peking\" played \"The Star-Spangled Banner\". His orders included destroying the island's forts, but Glass decided that they were in such disrepair that he left them as they were.", "title": "Capture of Guam" }, { "id": "14664691", "text": "Guam Highway 18 Guam Highway 18 (GH-18) is one of the primary automobile highways in the United States territory of Guam. In spite of its main highway designation, GH-18 is a short spur route, running westward from GH-1 across from the Guam Veterans Cemetery and along onto Drydock Island, a small peninsula located in the middle of Apra Harbor and just to the south of Cabras Island. This peninsula forms the northern edge of Sasa Bay; its south edge is formed by Polaris Point, a Naval site. The waters of Sasa Bay are a marine preserve, making the peninsula a", "title": "Guam Highway 18" }, { "id": "301943", "text": "December to June, and the rainy season from July to November and can include typhoons. The Guinness Book of World Records has cited Saipan as having the most equable climate in the world. Geography of the Northern Mariana Islands This article is about the geography of the Northern Mariana Islands. The Northern Mariana Islands, together with Guam to the south, compose the Mariana Islands. The southern islands are limestone, with level terraces and fringing coral reefs. The northern islands are volcanic, with active volcanoes on Anatahan, Pagan and Agrihan. The volcano on Agrihan has the highest elevation at . About", "title": "Geography of the Northern Mariana Islands" }, { "id": "151432", "text": "when fell. Since Super Typhoon Pamela in 1976, wooden structures have been largely replaced by concrete structures. During the 1980s wooden utility poles began to be replaced by typhoon-resistant concrete and steel poles. After the local Government enforced stricter construction codes, many home and business owners built their structures out of reinforced concrete with installed typhoon shutters. Based on a 2010 estimate, the largest ethnic group are the native Chamorros, accounting for 37.3% of the total population. Other significant ethnic groups include those of Filipino (26.3%), White (7.1%), and Chuukese (7%) ethnicities. The rest are from other Pacific Islands or", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "5811453", "text": "Agat, Guam Agat () is a village in the United States territory of Guam. It is located south of Apra Harbor on the island's western shore. The village's population has decreased since the island's 2000 census. The village is southwest of Hagåtña, with most of the residents ethnic Chamorros, the indigenous people of Guam. Some of Agat's most notable sites are Mount Alifan, the Agat Marina, the Spanish Bridge, and War In The Pacific National Historical Park. In 1565, the Spanish explorer Miguel López de Legazpi claimed Guam for Spain. Agat was founded between 1680 and 1684, by the Spanish", "title": "Agat, Guam" }, { "id": "155412", "text": "among the most strategically vital in the Pacific Ocean. When the United States closed its Naval and Air Force bases in the Philippines after the expiration of their leases in the early 1990s, many of the forces stationed there were relocated to Guam. The removal of Guam's security clearance by President John F. Kennedy in 1963 allowed for the development of a tourism industry. The island's rapid economic development was fueled both by rapid growth in this industry as well as increased U.S. Federal Government spending during the 1980s and 1990s. On August 6, 1997, Korean Air Flight 801, a", "title": "History of Guam" }, { "id": "151440", "text": "finished 7th of 22 countries and 14th at the 2011 Games. The Guam national football team was founded in 1975 and joined FIFA in 1996. Guam was once considered one of FIFA's weakest teams, and experienced their first victory over a FIFA-registered side in 2009, when they defeated Mongolia in the East Asian Cup. Guam entered the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification Group D. Guam hosted qualifying games on the island for the first time in 2015. During the qualifying round, Guam clinched their first FIFA World Cup Qualifying win by defeating Turkmenistan. Since then, the team has experienced moderate", "title": "Guam" }, { "id": "155424", "text": "Transportation in Guam The United States territory of Guam has no railways or freeways, nor does it have a merchant marine. The largest port is Apra Harbor, which serves almost all commercial traffic including cruise, cargo and fishing vessels. There are smaller harbors located on the island (most notably one in Hagatna and one in Agat) which serve recreational boaters. Roads are primarily paved by a coral/oil mixture that when it gets wet, the oil tends to float to the surface of the roads making them dangerous. This is one of the reasons the speed limit on most of the", "title": "Transportation in Guam" }, { "id": "2170272", "text": "except Aguijan. In the northern volcanic group a maximum elevation of about is reached; there are craters showing signs of activity, and earthquakes are not uncommon. Coral reefs fringe the coasts of the southern isles, which are of slight elevation. The lowest point on the Earth's crust, the Mariana Trench, is near the islands and is named after them. The islands are part of a geologic structure known as the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc system, and range in age from 5 million years old in the north to 30 million years old in the south (Guam). The island chain arises as a", "title": "Mariana Islands" }, { "id": "151456", "text": "U.S. Marine Corps service members and their families from Okinawa to Guam. The transfer may be as late as 2020. In addition, the Defense Authorization Act cut approximately $320 million from the 2011 budget request. Villagers and the military community are interconnected in many ways. Many villagers serve in the military or are retired. Many active duty personnel and Defense Department civilians also live in the villages outside of the military installation areas. The military and village communities have \"adoption\" programs where Guam's population and military personnel stationed on Guam perform community service projects. Most of the island has state-of-the-art", "title": "Guam" } ]

[ "Antarctic toothfish", "Patagonian toothfish" ]

[ { "id": "17022421", "text": "names around the world. For instance, Patagonian toothfish (\"Dissostichus eleginoides\"), also known in the U.S. as Chilean sea bass, may be labeled as Merluza negra in Argentina and Uruguay, Bacalao in Chile, Mero in Japan, Légine australe in France, Marlonga-negra in Portugal, and Tandnoting in Sweden. The Chileans were the first to market toothfish commercially in the United States, earning it the name Chilean sea bass, although it is really not a bass and it is not always caught in Chilean waters. Chilean sea bass is a different species type than the sea bass caught in U.S. waters and is", "title": "Seafood mislabelling" }, { "id": "13608494", "text": "Dissostichus Dissostichus, the toothfish, is a genus of cod icefishes found in the southern oceans. Individuals may live over 50 years, reach lengths over 2 m and weigh over 200 kg. Toothfish are vital to the sustaining of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and as a result on 4 September a national day is dedicated to the toothfish. Two species in this genus are recognized: Both species are marketed in the United States as Chilean sea bass (or Chilean seabass) or less frequently as white cod. \"Chilean sea bass\" is a marketing name, coined in 1977 by Lee", "title": "Dissostichus" }, { "id": "2437724", "text": "50 years and to reach a length up to . Several commercial fisheries exist for Patagonian toothfish which are detailed below. This species is also sold in the trade under the culinary names Chilean seabass in the United States and Canada; in Argentina, Peru and Uruguay; legine australe in France; mero in Korea, Japan, and Spain, and bacalao de profundidad in Chile. The name \"Chilean seabass\" was invented by a fish wholesaler named Lee Lantz in 1977. He was looking for a name that would make it attractive to the American market. He considered \"Pacific sea bass\" and \"South American", "title": "Patagonian toothfish" }, { "id": "19422647", "text": "Bandit 6 The Bandit 6 was a group of six vessels which were illegally fishing Patagonian toothfish in the Southern Ocean. Actions by the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society and national governments resulted in all six vessels being detained or sunk. Patagonian toothfish and the related Antarctic toothfish are relatives of cod that are sold under the name \"Chilean Sea Bass.\" Illegal fishing vessels like the Bandit 6 do not report their catch, violating the regulations set by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. They often also use banned, environmentally damaging fishing methods such as gill nets", "title": "Bandit 6" }, { "id": "13608495", "text": "Lantz, a fish wholesaler who wanted a more attractive name for selling the Patagonian toothfish to Americans. In 1994, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accepted \"Chilean sea bass\" as an \"alternative market name\" for Patagonian toothfish. Dissostichus Dissostichus, the toothfish, is a genus of cod icefishes found in the southern oceans. Individuals may live over 50 years, reach lengths over 2 m and weigh over 200 kg. Toothfish are vital to the sustaining of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and as a result on 4 September a national day is dedicated to the toothfish. Two species", "title": "Dissostichus" }, { "id": "16352909", "text": "Chilean jack mackerels. Chilean jack mackerels are the most commonly fished species which is not a true mackerel. They are caught commercially with surround nets designed for small pelagic purse seining, or with midwater trawls, or by trolling or longlining. In the early 1970s, Chilean jack mackerels started flourishing along the west coast of South America, and became important as a commercial species. The mackerel then expanded in a westward movement out into and across the open ocean, eventually reaching the coastal waters around New Zealand and Australia. During 1997 and 1998, a precipitous decline occurred in the catch (see", "title": "Chilean jack mackerel" }, { "id": "64862", "text": "Chile Chile (; ), officially the Republic of Chile (), is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty. The arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral", "title": "Chile" }, { "id": "12368986", "text": "Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic ecosystem, led officials to enact regulations on fishing. The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), a treaty that came into force in 1980, requires that regulations managing all Southern Ocean fisheries consider potential effects on the entire Antarctic ecosystem. Despite these new acts, unregulated and illegal fishing, particularly of Patagonian toothfish (marketed as Chilean Sea Bass in the U.S.), remains a serious problem.", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "id": "3475713", "text": "vessel, causing death. In 2013 Whole Foods began selling farm-raised arapaima in the United States as a cheaper alternative to halibut or Chilean sea bass. In Thailand there is only one legal breeding farm located in Tambon Phrong Maduea, Amphoe Mueang Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Pathom Province. This has been approved by both the Department of Fisheries and CITES since early 2018, and has been exported to worldwide as an aquarium fish. The status of the arapaima population in the Amazon River Basin is unknown, hence it is listed on the IUCN red list as Data Deficient. It is difficult to", "title": "Arapaima" }, { "id": "11686439", "text": "Fishing in Chile Fishing in Chile is a major industry with a total catch of 4,442,877 tons of fish in 2006. As of 2010, Chile has the seventh largest commercial catch in the world. With over 4,000 km (2,500 miles) of viable coastline, fishing has been a vital resource for small-scale business and family development for hundreds of years. Due to the Humboldt Current, the Chilean Sea is considered among the most productive marine ecosystems in the world as well as the largest upwelling system. Artisan fishing is practised all over Chile's 6,435 km long coastline and combines industrial techniques", "title": "Fishing in Chile" }, { "id": "9067238", "text": "50.1% reside in Argentina, 4.9% in Sweden, and around 2% in Australia, with the remaining 20% being scattered in smaller numbers across the globe, particularly the countries of the European Union. Chilean Americans Chilean Americans (, or ) are Americans who have full or partial origin from Chile. Following the devastating earthquake, the Chilean population at the U.S. census was 126,810, since 2010. In the United States, Chileans are the fourth smallest Hispanic group from South America and the fifth smallest overall amongst all Hispanic groups. Chilean Americans live mainly in the New York Metropolitan Area, South Florida, Los Angeles", "title": "Chilean Americans" }, { "id": "2437725", "text": "sea bass\" before settling on \"Chilean sea bass\". In 1994, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accepted \"Chilean Seabass\" as an \"alternative market name\" for Patagonian toothfish, and in 2013 for Antarctic toothfish. In the UK, the approved commercial designations for \"D. eleginoides\" and \"D. mawsoni\" are \"icefish\" and \"toothfish\". This has created some confusion as there is a genuine \"icefish\" (\"Champsocephalus gunnari\") caught in subantarctic waters, which does not resemble toothfish in any way. Patagonian toothfish spawn in deep water (around 1,000m) during the austral winter, producing pelagic eggs and larvae. Larvae switch to a demersal habitat at", "title": "Patagonian toothfish" }, { "id": "9067230", "text": "Chilean Americans Chilean Americans (, or ) are Americans who have full or partial origin from Chile. Following the devastating earthquake, the Chilean population at the U.S. census was 126,810, since 2010. In the United States, Chileans are the fourth smallest Hispanic group from South America and the fifth smallest overall amongst all Hispanic groups. Chilean Americans live mainly in the New York Metropolitan Area, South Florida, Los Angeles County, San Francisco Bay Area (esp. San Mateo County) and the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area, with high population concentrations found in Queens in New York City; Northern New Jersey; Miami, Florida; and", "title": "Chilean Americans" }, { "id": "10648972", "text": "Chilean swallow The Chilean swallow (\"Tachycineta leucopyga\") is a species of bird in the family Hirundinidae. It breeds in Chile and Patagonia, migrating north as far as Bolivia, Paraguay, and Rio Grande do Sul. The new genus \"Tachycineta\" was created for this group of swallows by German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1850. The current genus name \"Tachycineta\", is from Ancient Greek \"takhukinetos\", \"moving quickly\", and the specific \"meyeni\" commemorates Prussian botanist and collector Franz Meyen. Some consider the species name to be \"leucopyga\", which is what the species name originally was. This species, along with the white-rumped swallow, \"T. leucorrhoa\",", "title": "Chilean swallow" }, { "id": "13787223", "text": "of about 148. The land mammals are mostly nocturnal and avoid human contact. National parks, which provide protection to the mammals, are the most likely locations where these animals can be seen. There are 18 endemic mammal species. Marine mammals (such as whales, otters, sea lions, dolphins) and birds are quite easily seen along the long coastline in the Pacific Ocean to the west of the country. Of the more than 600 vertebrate species in the country, only two dozen are considered to be exotic. Notable mammal species include guanacos (a form of the wild llama), feral minks, armadillos, culpeo", "title": "Wildlife of Chile" }, { "id": "6775622", "text": "Chilean horse The Chilean horse or Chilean Corralero is a horse breed from South America. It is the oldest registered native American breed, the oldest registered breed of Iberian origin, the oldest registered horse breed in South America and the oldest registered stock horse breed in the Western Hemisphere. The Chilean Horse's genealogy originates in the Governorate of New Castile (Peru). Most of the horses came from the fertile valleys of Charcas (now Sucre, Bolivia), but some of the finest stallions were selected from throughout the kingdom. The breed probably started around 1544 when the first Chilean horse breeder, Father", "title": "Chilean horse" }, { "id": "10816355", "text": "Chilean cuisine Chilean gastronomy stems mainly from the combination of traditional Spanish cuisine, Chilean Indigenous Mapuche culture and local ingredients, with later important influences from other European cuisines, particularly from Germany, Italy and France. The food tradition and recipes in Chile are notable for the variety of flavours and ingredients, with the country’s diverse geography and climate hosting a wide range of agricultural produce, fruits and vegetables. The long coastline and the peoples' relationship with the Pacific Ocean add an immense array of seafood products to Chilean cuisine, with the country's waters home to unique species of fish, molluscs, crustaceans", "title": "Chilean cuisine" }, { "id": "64866", "text": "a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), joining in 2010. Currently it also has the lowest homicide rate in South America. Chile is a founding member of the United Nations, the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC). There are various theories about the origin of the word \"Chile\". According to 17th-century Spanish chronicler Diego de Rosales, the Incas called the valley of the Aconcagua \"Chili\" by corruption of the name of a Picunche tribal chief (\"cacique\") called \"Tili\", who ruled the area at the time of", "title": "Chile" }, { "id": "64922", "text": "the puma or cougar, the llama-like guanaco and the fox-like chilla. In the forest region, several types of marsupials and a small deer known as the pudu are found. There are many species of small birds, but most of the larger common Latin American types are absent. Few freshwater fish are native, but North American trout have been successfully introduced into the Andean lakes. Owing to the vicinity of the Humboldt Current, ocean waters abound with fish and other forms of marine life, which in turn support a rich variety of waterfowl, including several penguins. Whales are abundant, and some", "title": "Chile" }, { "id": "13199508", "text": "areas have a better chance to survive than those who remain in coastal areas. The area of estuaries is smaller and its environmental conditions are more variable, allowing them to have higher growth rate, a lower starvation rate, and less risk of predation. The Japanese sea bass is also commonly referenced to as Suzuki when it comes to food. It is widely fished and even farmed in order to be used as a delicacy that is served as sushi. However, not to be confused, there is a Japanese Suzuki, and a Chinese Suzuki, both out of different species, but in", "title": "Japanese sea bass" }, { "id": "18529304", "text": "MasterChef Chile MasterChef Chile is a Chilean television competitive cooking show based on the original British MasterChef. It is presented by Diana Bolocco accompanied by French chef Yann Yvin, Chilean chef Christopher Carpentier, and Italian Chef Ennio Carota as the show's main judges. It is produced and broadcast on Canal 13. The first episode aired on 26 October 2014, and the series one finale was broadcast on 2 February 2015. The first winner was Daniela Castro, a 26-year-old artist. The second season premiered on 18 October 2015 and ended on 28 January 2016. The winner was Alfonso Castro, a 63-year-old", "title": "MasterChef Chile" }, { "id": "64867", "text": "the Incan conquest in the 15th century. Another theory points to the similarity of the valley of the Aconcagua with that of the Casma Valley in Peru, where there was a town and valley named \"Chili\". Other theories say Chile may derive its name from a Native American word meaning either \"ends of the earth\" or \"sea gulls\"; from the Mapuche word \"chilli,\" which may mean \"where the land ends;\" or from the Quechua \"chiri\", \"cold\", or \"tchili\", meaning either \"snow\" or \"the deepest point of the Earth\". Another origin attributed to \"chilli\" is the onomatopoeic \"cheele-cheele\"—the Mapuche imitation of", "title": "Chile" }, { "id": "10576853", "text": "toothfish and Antarctic cod) also known as Chilean sea bass. Realtime VMS is required for most exploratory VMS, with delayed reporting for other longline fisheries and for finfish trawling. The flag state VMS architecture is used, where the national FMCs of vessel registry, starting in 2005, transmit to the CCAMLR regional FMC. Member states under the agreement are Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, European Community, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Namibia, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, and Uruguay. In", "title": "Vessel monitoring system" }, { "id": "6324285", "text": "Chilean skua The Chilean skua, also called the cinnamon skua (\"Stercorarius chilensis\"), is a large predatory seabird, which breeds in Argentina and Chile, but ranges as far north as Brazil and Peru when not breeding. A relatively distinctive skua, it has a dark cap that contrasts with its cinnamon throat and lower face. Hybrids with the brown skua are known from southern Argentina. While nowhere near the size of birds such as the wandering albatross, the Chilean skua makes up for it in sheer aggression towards other birds. Chilean skuas feed on fish and other seabirds, as well as scraps,", "title": "Chilean skua" }, { "id": "21004049", "text": "Anahi Hormazabal Anahí Hormazabal Garay (born December 2, 1997) is a Chilean model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss World Chile 2018. She represented Chile at the Miss World 2018 competition. She's a first year student of Foreign Trade Engineering and also a part-time model. She enjoys travelling, yoga, trekking, Zumba, fitness and Kagaya Art and has special talents for singing and dancing. Her favourite food is spaghetti and her Personal Motto is \"Everything you have done with love returns to you with greater proportion no matter how others pay you, the reward comes from above and it", "title": "Anahi Hormazabal" }, { "id": "10648977", "text": "enough to be vulnerable under the population size criterion. Chilean swallow The Chilean swallow (\"Tachycineta leucopyga\") is a species of bird in the family Hirundinidae. It breeds in Chile and Patagonia, migrating north as far as Bolivia, Paraguay, and Rio Grande do Sul. The new genus \"Tachycineta\" was created for this group of swallows by German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1850. The current genus name \"Tachycineta\", is from Ancient Greek \"takhukinetos\", \"moving quickly\", and the specific \"meyeni\" commemorates Prussian botanist and collector Franz Meyen. Some consider the species name to be \"leucopyga\", which is what the species name originally was.", "title": "Chilean swallow" }, { "id": "13199501", "text": "tend to disappear as fish grows larger. This species can reach a length of , though most do not exceed . The greatest weight recorded for this species is . This species is important commercially, popular as a game fish, and farmed. Japanese seabass have shiny white flesh with an easily recognizable, broad-flaked structure and a mild flavor. They have traditionally been one of the most popular targets for Japanese anglers. In the Kantō region, including Shizuoka Prefecture, it is called \"seigo\" when under 25 cm. At three years of age, when it has attained a length of near 60", "title": "Japanese sea bass" }, { "id": "6775632", "text": "that has maintained a closed registry since its inception. Chilean horse The Chilean horse or Chilean Corralero is a horse breed from South America. It is the oldest registered native American breed, the oldest registered breed of Iberian origin, the oldest registered horse breed in South America and the oldest registered stock horse breed in the Western Hemisphere. The Chilean Horse's genealogy originates in the Governorate of New Castile (Peru). Most of the horses came from the fertile valleys of Charcas (now Sucre, Bolivia), but some of the finest stallions were selected from throughout the kingdom. The breed probably started", "title": "Chilean horse" }, { "id": "9730487", "text": "of the population, there are now hundreds of thousands of Chileans with German, British, French, Croatian, Italian or Palestinian ancestry, though these have also been mostly miscegenated with other groups within the country. Though the majority of Chileans reside in Chile, significant communities have been established in multiple countries, most noticeably Argentina, United States, Australia and Canada and countries of the European Union. Although small in number, Chilean people also make up a substantial part of the permanent population of Antarctica and the Falkland Islands (see: Chileans in the Falkland Islands). As in other Latin American countries, in Chile, from", "title": "Chileans" }, { "id": "17475736", "text": "Machas a la parmesana Machas la parmesana or “Parmesan machas” is a dish made with the \"macha\". This is a saltwater clam, a bivalve that is native to Chile. This bivalve is known scientifically as \"Mesodesma donacium\" and in English is called either the pink clam, or the surf clam. The dish also includes Parmesan cheese. This classic of Chilean cuisine was created more than 50 years ago in Viña del Mar by the Italian immigrants Edoardo Melotti Ferrari and Adelfo Garuti at the italian restaurant San Marco. There is no previous record of the dish before the 1950s. The", "title": "Machas a la parmesana" }, { "id": "4138139", "text": "growth and expansion of the naval service as more vessels became part of it, the Marines strengthened and the Navy's special forces unit raised. The 25,000-person navy, including 5,200 Marines, is directed by Admiral Julio Leiva Molina Martin as of 2017. Of the fleet of sixty-six surface vessels (soon to be increased to seventy-four), twenty-one are major combatant ships based in Valparaíso. The navy operates its own aircraft for transport and patrol; there are no fighter or bomber aircraft. The Navy also operates four submarines and a tender ship to support them, all based in Talcahuano. The Navy permits the", "title": "Chilean Navy" }, { "id": "4198553", "text": "Chilean rock Chilean rock refers to rock music and its corresponding subgenres produced in Chile or by Chileans. Chilean rock lyrics are usually sung in Spanish. Rock music was first produced in Chile in the late 1950s by bands that imitated, and sometimes translated, international rock and roll hits from the U.S. This movement was known as the \"Nueva Ola\" (New Wave). During the second half of the 1960s, after the success of rock and roll music, the \"Fusión latinoamericana\" (Latin American fusion) and \"Nueva Canción\" (New Song) genres were born in Chile, bringing to fame artists like Violeta Parra", "title": "Chilean rock" }, { "id": "18804276", "text": "Prosopis chilensis Prosopis chilensis is a species of tree in the genus \"Prosopis\", belonging to the family Fabaceae. It is found in parts of central Chile, southern Peru, Bolivia, and Andean (northwestern) Argentina. Its common names include Chilean mesquite (\"algarrobo chileno\", in Spanish), cupesí (in eastern Bolivia), and Chilean algarrobo. It is used for providing shade, for animal feed and for firewood. \"Prosopis chilensis\" is a medium-sized deciduous tree reaching a height of about . The trunk is stout and gnarled, and can reach a metre (yard) in diameter. The bark is pale brown and thick, with cracks and vertical", "title": "Prosopis chilensis" }, { "id": "16352914", "text": "of farmed salmon. Chilean jack mackerels are classified under the genus \"Trachurus\" of the family Carangidae. The species was first described by the American ichthyologist John Treadwell Nichols in 1920. The Chilean jack mackerel has been recognised as a sister species of the Pacific jack mackerel, \"Trachurus symmetricus\", since 2004. However, in its statistical returns, the FAO still treats the Pacific jack mackerel as though it were a subspecies. The capture graph in the fisheries section above is based on the figures supplied by the FAO for the capture of Chilean jack mackerel, and presumably includes also the capture amounts", "title": "Chilean jack mackerel" }, { "id": "20259261", "text": "Brama australis Brama australis also known as Brama chilensis, the southern rays bream also known as reineta (queensfish), is a Perciformes fish species of the Bramidae family. It is endemic to the south of Chile (II and IX Regions). There is high demand for it in culinary uses due to its meat and relatively low price, as well as a viable alternative to hake. It began to be fished commercially in Chile in the 1990s. Males may reach 18.5 inches (47 cm) long and females 14.5 inches (37 cm). It is a regular sized fish with a tall compressed body", "title": "Brama australis" }, { "id": "13199500", "text": "Japanese sea bass The Japanese seabass, also (\"Lateolabrax japonicus\"), is a species of Asian seabass native to the western Pacific Ocean, where it occurs from Japan to the South China Sea. They inhabit fresh, brackish, and marine waters of inshore rocky reefs and in estuaries at depths of at least . This species is catadromous, with the young ascending rivers and then returning to the sea to breed. Its tail is slightly forked and the mouth is large with the lower jaw projecting beyond the upper. Young fish have small black spots on the back and dorsal fin. These spots", "title": "Japanese sea bass" }, { "id": "64868", "text": "the warble of a bird locally known as trile. The Spanish conquistadors heard about this name from the Incas, and the few survivors of Diego de Almagro's first Spanish expedition south from Peru in 1535–36 called themselves the \"men of Chilli\". Ultimately, Almagro is credited with the universalization of the name \"Chile\", after naming the Mapocho valley as such. The older spelling \"Chili\" was in use in English until at least 1900 before switching to \"Chile\". Stone tool evidence indicates humans sporadically frequented the Monte Verde valley area as long as 18,500 years ago. About 10,000 years ago, migrating indigenous", "title": "Chile" }, { "id": "17930925", "text": "Chilean Argentines Chilean Argentines are Argentine citizens of Chilean descent or Chile-born people who reside in Argentina. Argentina is home to the largest Chilean diaspora group. According to the Argentine 2010 census, there are 191.147 Chileans living in the country (born in Chilean territory). An estimate 2003-2004 estimated Chilean descendants, born in Argentina to a Chilean father or mother, in 190,000. Other figures, such as those by The World Factbook, show a total population (including those born in Chile and their descendants) of 429,708 people. Chilean immigration to Argentina dates back to colonial times. During the War of Independence of", "title": "Chilean Argentines" }, { "id": "18462160", "text": "Chileans in Uruguay Chilean Uruguayans are people born in Chile who live in Uruguay, or Uruguayan-born people of Chilean descent. There are lots of Chilean-born persons living in Uruguay, for a number of reasons. Both countries are located in the Southern Cone and share the Spanish language; their historical origins are common (part of the Spanish Empire); circulation is relatively easy. Uruguay is a very small, quiet country, with wide beaches on the Atlantic Ocean, so some well-off Chileans choose Uruguay as their usual holiday destination, some of them even as permanent residence. Chilean students have to pay high university", "title": "Chileans in Uruguay" }, { "id": "12163963", "text": "Japanese Chileans Japanese Chileans ( or \"Nipo-chileno\"; \"Nikkei Chiri-jin\") are Chileans with ethnic origin from Japan. The first Japanese in Chile were 126 immigrants hired to work in the mining industry in 1903. , Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimated there to be a total of roughly 2,600 Japanese people living in Chile. Among them were 1,108 temporary residents, 504 permanent residents, and approximately a thousand born locally. The number of Japanese settlers in Chile never exceeded 900 between 1910 and 1940. Among those who entered the nation, there was a wide diversity of occupations ranging from professionals and businessmen", "title": "Japanese Chileans" }, { "id": "18581085", "text": "New Mexico chile New Mexico chile or New Mexican chile (, ) is a group of cultivars of the chile pepper from the US State of New Mexico, first grown by Pueblo and Hispano communities throughout Santa Fe de Nuevo México, the modern peppers were developed by pioneer horticulturist Fabián Garcia at New Mexico State University in 1894, then known as the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. The New Mexico chile peppers, which typically grow from a green to a ripened red, are popular in the cuisine of the Southwestern United States, the broader Mexican cuisine, and", "title": "New Mexico chile" }, { "id": "4256937", "text": "continued to evolve. Due to the dance's popularity in the region, the Peruvian evolution of the zamacueca was nicknamed \"la chilena\", \"the Chilean\", due to similarities between the dances. Later, after the Pacific War, the term marinera, in honor of Peru's naval combatants and because of hostile attitude towards Chile, was used in place of \"la chilena.\" In March 1879 the writer and musician Abelardo Gamarra renamed the “chilena” as the “marinera”. The Marinera, Zamba and the Cueca styles are distinct from each other and from their root dance, the zamacueca. Another theory is that Cueca originated in the early", "title": "Cueca" }, { "id": "4138141", "text": "case of a tsunami. The most important naval bases and supply depots are (from north to south) in the Pacific Ocean: Iquique, Easter Island, Valparaíso, Talcahuano, Puerto Montt, in the Atlantic zone: Strait of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego : Punta Arenas, in the Beagle Channel, Cape Horn and Drake Passage: Puerto Williams, and in Antarctica: Captain Arturo Prat Base. These are now spread into 5 Naval Zones: the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th Naval Zones. The Chilean Marines or (Infanteria de Marina de Chile) are the land/amphibious attack force of the Chilean Navy. The 5,000 man force combines", "title": "Chilean Navy" }, { "id": "1477393", "text": "Chilean peso The peso is the currency of Chile. The current peso has circulated since 1975, with a previous version circulating between 1817 and 1960. Its symbol is defined as a letter S with either one or two vertical bars superimposed prefixing the amount, $ or ; the single-bar symbol, available in most modern text systems, is almost always used. Both of these symbols are used by many currencies, most notably the United States dollar, and may be ambiguous without clarification, such as CLP$ or US$. The ISO 4217 code for the present peso is CLP. It is officially subdivided", "title": "Chilean peso" }, { "id": "9211750", "text": "Hil Hernández Hil Yesenia Hernández Escobar (born December 1, 1984) is a Chilean journalist, model, environmentalist, and beauty queen who won Miss Earth 2006 pageant becoming the first Chilean to win the coveted crown. Hernández was born in Castro, Chile on 1 December 1984. She spent her childhood years in the Chiloé Island, the second-largest island in South America. The youngest of three children, her father died when she was young. She was raised by her mother, Yorki Escobar. Hernández studied tourism and took up modelling, then advanced her studies in Journalism. She once spent a month working as a", "title": "Hil Hernández" }, { "id": "13199503", "text": "of lateolabrax. The genus also includes the sister species of L. maculatus, which along with L. japonicus was used to determine the history of the genus and the specific species. Compared to L. maculatus, which is found along the Chinese coast all the way to North Korea, the Japanese sea bass is more geographically restricted, as its habit ranges from Japan to the Southern coast of Korea. The species can both be found in some coastal areas of South Korea. Related to the genus, almost all Lateolabrax species are found in rocky reefs with constant moving waters. However, it is", "title": "Japanese sea bass" }, { "id": "20761019", "text": "the thick skin closes over the wound to heal it. Like other echinoids, pollution can affect this species. The opening of a new sea outlet from a copper mine at Caleta Palito in Chile in 1975 caused mass mortality of the starfish \"Stichaster striatus\", \"Meyenaster gelatinosus\" and \"Patiria chilensis\" and the sea urchin \"Tetrapygus niger\", which disappeared completely from the area. Patiria chilensis Patiria chilensis is a species of starfish in the family Asterinidae. It is found in the southeastern Pacific Ocean along the coasts of South America. It is a broadly pentagonal, cushion-like starfish with five short arms. \"P.", "title": "Patiria chilensis" }, { "id": "10546195", "text": "Chilean woodstar The Chilean woodstar (\"Eulidia yarrellii\") is a small bird in the hummingbird family, Trochilidae. It is restricted to northernmost Chile with reports from southern Peru. Its natural habitats are dry shrubland and rural gardens. It is threatened by habitat loss and is classed as a critically endangered species. It is usually classified in its own genus Eulidia, but is sometimes placed with the purple-collared woodstar in the genus \"Myrtis\". In 2013, it was classed as endangered, but recently, it was classed as critically endangered by the IUCN Red List. It is the smallest bird in Chile, 7.2 to", "title": "Chilean woodstar" }, { "id": "17737064", "text": "2017 Chilean general election General elections in Chile were held on Sunday November 19, 2017, including presidential, parliamentary and regional elections. Voters went to the polls to elect: In the presidential election, opposition candidate and former president Sebastián Piñera took a lower than expected 36% of the vote—though nearly 14 points ahead of his closest contender, senator Alejandro Guillier, backed by the sitting administration. In the runoff election, held on December 17, 2017, Piñera beat the lawmaker with a surprising 54% of the vote, with turnout two points higher than in the first round. In the parliamentary elections, the Chile", "title": "2017 Chilean general election" }, { "id": "9710717", "text": "Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute Peru v Chile (also called the Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute) is a public international law case concerning a territorial dispute between the South American republics of Peru and Chile over the sovereignty of an area at sea in the Pacific Ocean approximately in size. Peru contended that its maritime boundary delimitation with Chile was not fixed, but Chile claimed that it holds no outstanding border issues with Peru. On January 16, 2008, Peru brought forth the case to the International Court of Justice at The Hague, the Netherlands, which accepted the case and formally filed it as the", "title": "Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute" }, { "id": "10049625", "text": "Chilean icebreaker Almirante Óscar Viel Almirante Óscar Viel is an icebreaker in service with the Chilean Navy since 1995. Originally in service with the Canadian Coast Guard as CCGS \"Norman McLeod Rogers\", it was named for former Canadian Member of Parliament and cabinet minister Norman McLeod Rogers (1894–1940). It is currently named for Counter Admiral Oscar Viel Toro (1837–1892), who was the commander of the Chilean naval forces from 1881–1883 and 1891. \"Contraalmirante Oscar Viel Toro\" is long overall with a beam of and a draught of . The ship has a fully loaded displacement of , gross register tonnage", "title": "Chilean icebreaker Almirante Óscar Viel" }, { "id": "21004051", "text": "2 of the Head-to-Head Challenge competing against Lebanon. Anahi Hormazabal Anahí Hormazabal Garay (born December 2, 1997) is a Chilean model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss World Chile 2018. She represented Chile at the Miss World 2018 competition. She's a first year student of Foreign Trade Engineering and also a part-time model. She enjoys travelling, yoga, trekking, Zumba, fitness and Kagaya Art and has special talents for singing and dancing. Her favourite food is spaghetti and her Personal Motto is \"Everything you have done with love returns to you with greater proportion no matter how others pay", "title": "Anahi Hormazabal" }, { "id": "6324286", "text": "and carrion. Chilean skua The Chilean skua, also called the cinnamon skua (\"Stercorarius chilensis\"), is a large predatory seabird, which breeds in Argentina and Chile, but ranges as far north as Brazil and Peru when not breeding. A relatively distinctive skua, it has a dark cap that contrasts with its cinnamon throat and lower face. Hybrids with the brown skua are known from southern Argentina. While nowhere near the size of birds such as the wandering albatross, the Chilean skua makes up for it in sheer aggression towards other birds. Chilean skuas feed on fish and other seabirds, as well", "title": "Chilean skua" }, { "id": "1368852", "text": "Araucaria araucana Araucaria araucana (commonly called the monkey puzzle tree, monkey tail tree, piñonero, or Chilean pine) is an evergreen tree growing to 1–1.5 m (3–5 ft) in diameter and 30–40 m (100–130 ft) in height. It is native to central and southern Chile, western Argentina. \"Araucaria araucana\" is the hardiest species in the conifer genus \"Araucaria\". Because of the longevity of this species, it is described as a living fossil. It is also the national tree of Chile. Its conservation status was changed to Endangered by the IUCN in 2013 due to the dwindling population caused by logging, forest", "title": "Araucaria araucana" }, { "id": "11814288", "text": "Loxechinus albus Loxechinus albus is an echinoderm of the family Parechinidae, native to coastal southern South America, ranging from Ecuador, along the entire coasts of Peru and Chile, to Argentina, as well as the Falkland Islands. It is known as the Chilean sea urchin or red sea urchin, but the latter name is typically used for the North Pacific \"Mesocentrotus franciscanus\" and it is not the only species of sea urchin in Chile (although it is the most common and widespread large sea urchins in that country). \"L. albus\" is found on rocky reefs and shores in the intertidal and", "title": "Loxechinus albus" }, { "id": "18492320", "text": "Alberto van Klaveren Albert Leo (Alberto) van Klaveren Stork (born 27 October 1948) is a Dutch-born Chilean political scientist, lawyer and diplomat. He served as Assistant Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Chile between 2006 and 2009. Van Klaveren also represented Chile in the International Court of Justice in the case regarding the Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute. He currently teaches at the University of Chile. Van Klaveren's parents were Jewish World War II survivors in the Netherlands. In 1950 they decided to emigrate to Chile, bringing along their child Albert. Relatives of Van Klaveren's mother were already present in the country. Van", "title": "Alberto van Klaveren" }, { "id": "11686449", "text": "mature stock has shrunk from 37 centimeters a decade ago to 28 centimeters today. Efforts have been made to block the “Fisheries Act” through petitions to the Constitutional Court sponsored by a number of Congress representatives, but these efforts have yet to see progress. Most of these protests come from indigenous communities, but also from artisanal coalitions. There are no reliable statistics of the pastimes of Chileans, but it is believed that fishing is the third or fourth most popular hobby. Simple and low-cost fishing gear is the most popular. The most popular bait used includes earthworms, fresh-water crab, shrimp,", "title": "Fishing in Chile" }, { "id": "10689880", "text": "Chilean devil ray The Chilean devil ray (\"Mobula tarapacana\"), also known as the box ray, greater Guinean mobula, sicklefin devil ray or the spiny mobula, is a species of ray in the family Mobulidae. It is found worldwide in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate oceans, and mainly occurs offshore, only occasionally appearing near the coast. These fish have been discovered to feed at depths up to during deep dives, and are among the deepest-diving ocean animals. There are two distinct deep dive patterns; the first, which is usually only performed once every 24 hours, is diving to the maximum depth", "title": "Chilean devil ray" }, { "id": "2210065", "text": "Chilean dolphin The Chilean dolphin (\"Cephalorhynchus eutropia\"), also known as the black dolphin, is one of four dolphins in the genus \"Cephalorhynchus\". The dolphin is only found off the coast of Chile; it is commonly referred to in the country as \"tonina\". The Chilean dolphin is small at around 1.7 m (5.6 ft) in length, with a blunt head. These characteristics often make for its incorrect identification as a porpoise. This dolphin is thickly shaped with its girth up to two-thirds its length. The dorsal fin and flippers are small in proportion to body size in comparison with other dolphins.", "title": "Chilean dolphin" }, { "id": "13199502", "text": "cm, it is called \"fukko\" or \"suzuki\". Because their name changes as they grow – in Japanese such fish are called – the Japanese have associated them with advancement in life and believe Japanese seabass symbolizes good fortune. Like \"hirame\", \"suzuki\" makes an elegant paper-thin \"sashimi\", \"suzuki usu zukuri\". Suzuki sashimi is often served with \"ponzu\", a citrus-flavored mild soy sauce, or served in the summertime on a bed of ice cubes with tangy perilla leaf and a scattering of red pepper flakes. Lateolabrax japonicus, more commonly known as \"Japanese Sea Bass\", is a species that falls under the genus", "title": "Japanese sea bass" }, { "id": "13199509", "text": "the same genus. The Japanese Suzuki is more appreciated as a rinsed sashimi as it is more favored than other fish used for sashimi because of the clean white flesh of the fish. The name Suzuki refers to type of Asian seabass that is used for sushi. However, the fish mainly depends on chopped trash fish, which deteriorates quickly and could result in the spread of diseases. The fish can also be used as Chinese medicine. L. japonicus in comparison to its sister species, L. maculatus, has little dispersal, therefore resulting in a centered population with little genetic variation. The", "title": "Japanese sea bass" }, { "id": "10721120", "text": "Telephone numbers in Chile The following telephone numbers in Chile are geographic area codes for all national and international calls terminating in Chile. Country Code: +56 32 (partial)<br> International Call Prefix: 00 Telephone numbers in Easter Island use ranges owned by Chile. Format: +56 32 XXXXXXX In 2012 and 2013, land lines were renumbered, with an additional digit 2 prepended. The change was rolled out gradually by area code; first in Santiago (Region Metropolitana) and Arica in late 2012, then throughout all remaining regions between March and July 2013. Now when calling a landline, area code and an extra 2", "title": "Telephone numbers in Chile" }, { "id": "17475738", "text": "be made using other types of clams rather than \"machas\". Machas a la parmesana Machas la parmesana or “Parmesan machas” is a dish made with the \"macha\". This is a saltwater clam, a bivalve that is native to Chile. This bivalve is known scientifically as \"Mesodesma donacium\" and in English is called either the pink clam, or the surf clam. The dish also includes Parmesan cheese. This classic of Chilean cuisine was created more than 50 years ago in Viña del Mar by the Italian immigrants Edoardo Melotti Ferrari and Adelfo Garuti at the italian restaurant San Marco. There is", "title": "Machas a la parmesana" }, { "id": "1477415", "text": "in August and September 2001, coinciding with Argentina's convertibility crisis and with the September 11 attacks in the United States, and in October 2002, during Brazil's presidential election. Chilean peso The peso is the currency of Chile. The current peso has circulated since 1975, with a previous version circulating between 1817 and 1960. Its symbol is defined as a letter S with either one or two vertical bars superimposed prefixing the amount, $ or ; the single-bar symbol, available in most modern text systems, is almost always used. Both of these symbols are used by many currencies, most notably the", "title": "Chilean peso" }, { "id": "18581103", "text": "command a higher price. New Mexico chile New Mexico chile or New Mexican chile (, ) is a group of cultivars of the chile pepper from the US State of New Mexico, first grown by Pueblo and Hispano communities throughout Santa Fe de Nuevo México, the modern peppers were developed by pioneer horticulturist Fabián Garcia at New Mexico State University in 1894, then known as the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. The New Mexico chile peppers, which typically grow from a green to a ripened red, are popular in the cuisine of the Southwestern United States, the", "title": "New Mexico chile" }, { "id": "11686446", "text": "Act”, named after the Economy Minister who created it. The beneficiaries are the Angelini, Sarkis, Stengel, Cifuentes, Jiménez, Izquierdo and Cruz families, who will enjoy no less than three million dollars in annual profits. The new legislation amends the scope of the sustainability of hydro-biological resources and access to industrial and artisanal fishing, as well as regulating the investigation and oversight of the industry. It creates 20-year renewable contracts to not only Chilean industrial fisheries but also to foreign companies, primarily from northern Europe and Asia Minor. The main argument used by Minister Longueira to defend the legislation was that", "title": "Fishing in Chile" }, { "id": "17635993", "text": "Graus nigra Graus nigra is a species of sea chub endemic to the Pacific waters off the coast of Chile. This species grows to a length of TL. It is also popular as a game fish. This species is the only known member of its genus, and is known locally as \"vieja negra\" (meaning “old black” in Spanish). \"Graus nigra\" is found in the forests of giant kelp off the coast of Chile. Associated with it in this habitat are the Chilean abalone (\"Concholepas concholepas\"), keyhole limpets (\"Fissurella\" spp.), the Chilean sea urchin \"Loxechinus albus\", and the labrid fish Galápagos", "title": "Graus nigra" }, { "id": "6006741", "text": "Ugni molinae Ugni molinae, commonly known as Chilean guava, or strawberry myrtle, is a shrub native to Chile and adjacent regions of southern Argentina. The local Spanish name is \"murta\", and the Mapuche Native American name is \"\"Uñi\"\" or \"Uñiberry\". It is in the same botanical family as the guava. The fruit is sometimes marketed as \"Ugniberry\", as \"New Zealand cranberry\" in New Zealand, and the name \"Tazziberry\" has been trademarked in Australia, but it is not a native plant to these countries. \"Ugni\" is a shrub from 30 cm to 170 cm tall with evergreen foliage. In some exceptional", "title": "Ugni molinae" }, { "id": "8899689", "text": "mainly fished in Mexican waters. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed this species as Near Threatened, as the Californian population is largely protected and recovering, while the impact of Mexican fisheries is unknown. The Pacific angelshark was first scientifically described in 1859 by William Orville Ayres, the first Curator of Ichthyology at the California Academy of Sciences. He gave it the specific epithet \"californica\", as the originally-described specimen was caught off San Francisco. Locally, this species may also be referred to as angel shark, California angel shark, or monkfish. The Chilean angelshark (\"Squatina armata\") of the", "title": "Pacific angelshark" }, { "id": "1477412", "text": "pesos (can also apply to 100 000 pesos). These names are old: For example, gamba and luca applied to 100 and 1000 escudos before 1975. The term \"gamba\" is a reference of color by one hundred pesos banknote issued between 1933 and 1959. Also, some banknotes are called informally by the name of the notable citizen printed on it. For example, the five thousand-peso banknote is sometimes called a \"gabriela\", for Gabriela Mistral, the ten thousand-peso banknote \"arturo\" or \"arturito\" (little Arturo) for Arturo Prat; the one thousand-peso note is frequently referred as \"luca\", meaning \"a thousand\", therefore, the two", "title": "Chilean peso" }, { "id": "3982311", "text": ".cl .cl is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Chile. It was created in 1987 and is administered by the University of Chile. Registration of second-level domains under this TLD is open to anyone, as established by the current regulation for the operation of the Domain Name Registration .CL since December 2013, which it eliminated the requirement for foreign registrants to have a local contact with a RUN, the Chilean national identification number. Registration of names including accented letters (á, é, í, ó, ú), ñ and ü was opened up in 2005. Since April 2011, it supports DNSSEC,", "title": ".cl" }, { "id": "18281897", "text": "Catalina Cáceres Catalina Paz Cáceres Ríos (born May 16, 1990), simply known as Catalina Cáceres, is a Chilean model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Nuestra Belleza Chile and Miss Universo Chile in 2016. She represented Chile at the Miss Universe 2016 pageant. Catalina is an interior designer and was raised in Huechuraba. Her father is an engineer and her mother is an artist. Caceres volunteers for Alzheimer Chilean Corporation and supports LGBT rights. Her answer after being asked about LGBT adoption and marriage rights during Miss Universo Chile made international headline news. Catalina is a vegetarian and she", "title": "Catalina Cáceres" }, { "id": "20785738", "text": "Pinguipes chilensis Pinguipes chilensis, commonly known as the Chilean sandperch, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Pinguipedidae. It is found in the southeastern Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Peru and Chile. \"P. chilensis\" can grow to a maximum length of . The dorsal fin has six spines and twenty-eight soft rays, and the anal fin has a single spine and twenty-five soft rays. A specimen caught by Charles Darwin during the \"Beagle\" voyage was described as being more elongated than \"Pinguipes brasilianus\", being about six and a half times as long as the body is deep", "title": "Pinguipes chilensis" }, { "id": "9730505", "text": "peoples of Chile disappeared product from acculturation and miscegenation, as is the case of peoples Picunches, Diaguitas and Chonos, whereas a large number of Selknam or Onas disappeared by the extermination carried out by settlers in Tierra del Fuego in the early 20th century. Other factors that contributed to their extinction were diseases brought by Europeans, such as smallpox. The folk culture of Chile has mostly Spanish origins, especially the huaso culture of the central part of the country, as it arose in the colonial period due to cattle ranching. It could therefore be considered an offshoot of Spanish popular", "title": "Chileans" }, { "id": "3803687", "text": "Chilean rose tarantula The Chilean rose tarantula (\"Grammostola rosea\"), also known as the rose hair tarantula, the Chilean fire tarantula, or the Chilean red-haired tarantula (depending on the color morph), is probably the most common species of tarantula available in American and European pet stores today, due to the large number of wild-caught specimens exported cheaply from their native Chile into the pet trade. The species is also known from Bolivia and Argentina. \"G. rosea\" is a common pet of tarantula hobbyists. Females have been known to live as long as 20 years, but due to the limited time they", "title": "Chilean rose tarantula" }, { "id": "2172600", "text": "Correa; Nina Frick Ajenjo; Carlos Isamitt; Juan Orrego-Salas; Alfonso Letelier; Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt; Sergio Ortega; Leon Schidlowsky; Leni Alexander; Fernando García; Juan Allende-Blin; Cirilo Vila; Santiago Vera-Rivera; Andrés Alcalde; René Amengual; Próspero Bisquertt; Gabriel Brncic; Salvador Candiani; Acario Cotapos; Alejandro Guarello; Hans Helfritz; María Elena Hurtado; Tomás Lefever; Eduardo Maturana; Claudio Spies; Jorge Urrutia Blondel and Darwin Vargas, among many others. Among the most prominent conductors are Fernando Rosas Pfingsthorn, Armando Carvajal, Juan Pablo Izquierdo, Sebastián Errázuriz and Víctor Tevah. One of the best-known performers is pianist Claudio Arrau, known for his vast repertoire spanning from baroque to 20th-century composers, especially", "title": "Music of Chile" }, { "id": "11821172", "text": "Chilean mussel The Chilean mussel or Chilean blue mussel (\"Mytilus platensis\") is a species of blue mussel native to the coasts of Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, the Falkland Islands and the Kerguelen islands. In the scientific literature, it has also been referred to as Southern \"Mytilus edulis\", or \"Mytilus edulis platensis\", or \"Mytilus chilensis\". \"M. platensis\" is under intensive aquaculture in Chile. From 2004 to 2008 the annual commercial harvest increased from 80,000 to 200,000 tonnes. Following a decrease in 2009, the production was back at high level in 2010. Over 45,000 tonnes of mussels were exported from Chile in 2008,", "title": "Chilean mussel" }, { "id": "64932", "text": "Maule with 240 km. Their waters mainly flow from Andean snowmelt in the summer and winter rains. The major lakes in this area are the artificial lake Rapel, the Colbun Maule lagoon and the lagoon of La Laja. Chile's 2017 census reported a population of 17,574,003. Its rate of population growth has been decreasing since 1990, due to a declining birth rate. By 2050 the population is expected to reach approximately 20.2 million people. About 85 percent of the country's population lives in urban areas, with 40 percent living in Greater Santiago. The largest agglomerations according to the 2002 census", "title": "Chile" }, { "id": "20761017", "text": "Patiria chilensis Patiria chilensis is a species of starfish in the family Asterinidae. It is found in the southeastern Pacific Ocean along the coasts of South America. It is a broadly pentagonal, cushion-like starfish with five short arms. \"P. chilensis\" occurs in the rocky intertidal zone in temperate seas off the coast of Chile. It is mainly present in the lower algal zone, dominated by the kelps \"Lessonia nigrescens\" and \"Durvillaea antarctica\" and various encrusting coralline algae. Echinoids occurring in this zone include \"Loxechinus albus\" and \"Tetrapygus niger\", and starfish include \"Stichaster striatus\", \"Meyenaster gelatinosus\" and the dominant \"Heliaster helianthus\".", "title": "Patiria chilensis" }, { "id": "18492324", "text": "two grown up children. Alberto van Klaveren Albert Leo (Alberto) van Klaveren Stork (born 27 October 1948) is a Dutch-born Chilean political scientist, lawyer and diplomat. He served as Assistant Secretary for Foreign Affairs of Chile between 2006 and 2009. Van Klaveren also represented Chile in the International Court of Justice in the case regarding the Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute. He currently teaches at the University of Chile. Van Klaveren's parents were Jewish World War II survivors in the Netherlands. In 1950 they decided to emigrate to Chile, bringing along their child Albert. Relatives of Van Klaveren's mother were already present", "title": "Alberto van Klaveren" }, { "id": "13725689", "text": "bottoms. Other common names for the shortjaw lizardfish include anoli (French), chile espinoso, guaripete, lagarto dientón, lagarto espinoso (Spanish), kitsune-aka-eso (Japanese), and kortkæbet øglefisk (Danish). Shortjaw lizardfish The shortjaw lizardfish (\"Saurida normani\") is a species of lizardfish that lives mainly in tropical waters. The shortjaw lizardfish is found on reefs around 25 – 550 meters deep. The maximum recorded length of the shortjaw lizardfish is about 45 centimeters (17.7 inches), and the common length is about 30 centimeters (11.8 inches). The maximum recorded weight is about 500 grams (1.1 pounds). This species is native to the western Atlantic Ocean from", "title": "Shortjaw lizardfish" }, { "id": "18108702", "text": "Uncancylus foncki Uncancylus foncki is a species of small, freshwater, air-breathing limpet, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails and their allies. Some authors consider \"U. foncki\" a synonym of \"U. concentricus\" due to the similarity of their shell shapes. \"U. foncki\" is endemic to Chile, where it occurs in lake Llanquihue and the Maullín river, which originates as the outflow of the lake, in the Llanquihue province. The type locality of the species is lake Llanquihue. \"U. foncki\" is known only from museum specimens. Attempts to locate the species in its type locality", "title": "Uncancylus foncki" }, { "id": "15860544", "text": "Chilean National Zoo The Chilean National Zoo (\"Zoológico Nacional de Chile\") is a zoo that was founded in 1925 in Santiago, Chile. Located at the foot of San Cristóbal Hill in what is known as the Santiago Metropolitan Park (\"Parque Metropolitano de Santiago\"), the zoo is home to thousands of animals representing 158 species. Unique exhibits feature Chilean native animals and birds including rare and endangered species. The Chilean National Zoo has a dual focus: to conserve and research species held at the zoo, and to educate and provide activities for the visiting public. The history of the national zoo", "title": "Chilean National Zoo" }, { "id": "14070552", "text": "Marine. Beginning on June 18, 2009 was promoted to admiral and became Commander in Chief of the Chilean Navy. Admiral Gonzalez is married to Mrs. Patricia Corssen Macchiavello, with whom he has five children. Edmundo González Admiral Edmundo González Robles, Chilean admiral; former commander in chief of the Chilean Navy, appointed by the Supreme Government of Chile for the period June 2009 - June 2013. Admiral González was born in Valparaíso on April 17, 1956 and after studying at \"\"The Mackay School\"\" in Viña del Mar, he entered the Naval Academy \"Arturo Prat\", and graduated as second lieutenant on 1", "title": "Edmundo González" }, { "id": "4138121", "text": "as the Marine Corps and the Supply Commissary. The first commander of the Chilean Navy was Manuel Blanco Encalada. However the famous British naval commander Lord Cochrane who formerly had been a Captain in the Royal navy, was hired by Chileans to organize and command the Navy. Cochrane recruited an almost all-anglophone complement of officers and midshipmen and crews of British, Irish and American seamen. He became a key figure in the war against loyalist forces in Peru and was instrumental in taking control of the fortresses of Valdivia even though he failed in his attempt to conquer Chiloé Island.", "title": "Chilean Navy" }, { "id": "16352908", "text": "high seas; a central Pacific stock which exists solely in the high seas; and, a southwest Pacific stock which straddles the high seas and both the New Zealand and Australian EEZs.\" Chilean jack mackerels mainly eat fish larvae, shrimp, and other small crustaceans such as copepods, although they also eat squid and small fishes. They can live up to 16 years. Not a lot is known about their predators, though they have been found in the stomachs of albacore tuna and swordfish. Tunas, billfish, and sharks are known to prey on other carangid mackerels, and will presumably also prey on", "title": "Chilean jack mackerel" }, { "id": "767011", "text": "Geography of Chile The geography of Chile is extremely diverse as the country extends from a latitude of 17° South to Cape Horn at 56° (if Chilean claims on Antarctica are included Chile would extend to the South Pole) and from the ocean on the west to Andes on the east. Chile is situated in southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean and a small part of the South Atlantic Ocean. Chile's territorial shape is among the world's most unusual. From north to south, Chile extends , and yet it only averages east to west. Chile reaches from the", "title": "Geography of Chile" }, { "id": "6214361", "text": "Chiles en nogada Chiles en nogada is a dish, traditionally served at room temperature with cold cream sauce, from Mexican cuisine. The name comes from the Spanish word for the nut tree, \"nogal\". It consists of poblano chilis filled with \"picadillo\" (a mixture usually containing shredded meat, aromatics, fruits and spices) topped with a walnut-based cream sauce, called \"nogada\", and pomegranate seeds, giving it the three colors of the Mexican flag: green from the chili, white from the nut sauce and red from the pomegranate. The walnut used to prepare \"nogada\" is a cultivar called \"Nogal de Castilla\" or Castillan", "title": "Chiles en nogada" }, { "id": "4138138", "text": "Merino became part of the Government Junta led by Army commander in chief Augusto Pinochet, and upon the latter's resignation from the Junta leadership in 1981, Adm. Merino became its chairman until March 1990, presiding over its sessions and those of the Legislative Commission, and was also concurrently the National Defense Minister. The training ship functioned as a floating prison and torture chamber for political prisoners during the 1973–1980 period of the military dictatorship. It is claimed that probably over a hundred persons were kept there at times and subjected to hideous treatment. It was also an unprecedented period of", "title": "Chilean Navy" }, { "id": "4138124", "text": "the Navy to its country, after his death while leading a boarding party onto the enemy ironclad at the naval battle of Iquique on 21 May 1879, during the War against Peru and Bolivia. The anniversary of this battle is celebrated every year as a public holiday called \"Día de las Glorias Navales\". Prat is also considered to be one of the co-founders of the Naval Seaman Training School in 1868, which began operating a year later, and was one of the Naval Academy's finest graduate officers that in 1943 it became the National Naval School \"Arturo Prat\" in his", "title": "Chilean Navy" }, { "id": "849621", "text": "star; and rectangle (white), whose lengths are in proportion 1:2. The star may represent a guide to progress and honor while other interpretations refer to its reference to an independent state; blue symbolizes the sky and the Pacific Ocean, white is for the snow-covered Andes, and red stands for the blood spilled to achieve independence. According to the epic poem \"La Araucana\", the colors were derived from those from the flag flown by the Mapuche during the Arauco War. \"Flag Day\" is held each year on the ninth of July to commemorate the 77 soldiers who died in the 1882", "title": "Flag of Chile" }, { "id": "1991146", "text": "Cecilia Bolocco Cecilia Bolocco (born Cecilia Carolina Bolocco Fonck on May 19, 1965) is a Chilean actress, TV Host and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Universo Chile 1987 and Miss Universe 1987. She has worked as a journalist on the Spanish language edition of CNN, on Telemundo and on various programs for Chilean Television and she acted on the soap opera \"Morelia\". Between 2001 and 2011 she was married to former Argentine president Carlos Menem. Bolocco was born in Santiago, Chile to Enzo Bolocco Cintolesi, a businessman of Arbëreshë origin, and Rose Marie Fonck Assler. She attended primary and", "title": "Cecilia Bolocco" }, { "id": "767046", "text": "the most powerful earthquakes in history with the Valdivia Earthquake in 1960 at 9.5 on the Richter scale and the Maule Earthquake at 8.8 in 2010. The top three countries that Chilean emigrants are moving to are Argentina, Peru, and the United States. Chile's natural hazards include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. The natural hazards are attributed to Chile's location along the Ring of Fire. Severe earthquakes can trigger tsunamis for this country with 6,435 km of coastline. There are also more than three-dozen active volcanoes in Chile with the most active being the Llaima in the north Chilean Andes.", "title": "Geography of Chile" }, { "id": "2210068", "text": "Valparaíso at 33°S to Cape Horn at 55°S. The species appears to prefer areas of shallow water (less than 200 m depth) and in particular enjoys fast-flowing tidal areas and mouths of rivers. The Chilean dolphin is listed on Appendix II Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). It is listed on Appendix II as it has an unfavourable conservation status or would benefit significantly from international co-operation organised by tailored agreements. In the early part of the 20th century, the Chilean dolphin was commonly known as the black dolphin. This was later agreed to be", "title": "Chilean dolphin" }, { "id": "16619983", "text": "Pyura chilensis Pyura chilensis, called piure in Spanish, is a tunicate of the family Pyuridae. It was described in 1782 by Juan Ignacio Molina. \"Pyura chilensis\" is a tunicate that somewhat resembles a mass of organs inside a rock. It is often found in dense aggregations in the intertidal and subtidal coast of Chile and Peru. It is a filter feeder that eats by sucking in seawater and filtering out microorganisms. \"P. chilensis\" has some basic characteristics common to chordates, such as the notochord and a perforated pharynx. It is born male, becomes hermaphroditic at puberty, and reproduces by tossing", "title": "Pyura chilensis" }, { "id": "2172531", "text": "Music of Chile Chilean music refers to all kinds of music developed in Chile, or by Chileans in other countries, from the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors to the modern day. It also includes the native pre-Columbian music from what is today Chilean territory. Prior to the arrival of the European conquerors, the modern national borders that make up the Americas did not exist, so one cannot refer to music from \"Chile\", or any other South American country, from this time. However, music existed in the Americas for centuries before European conquest, and many of the characteristics and instruments of", "title": "Music of Chile" }, { "id": "9706071", "text": "training-ship \"Esmeralda\". In 1966, was designed as Naval Attache to London. Since 1967, he was the Navy Chief of Staff. In 1973, he was the Armed Forces General Chief of Staff. Following the coup, he was appointed as Minister of Defense in 1973 and again from 1983 to 1990. He was also Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1974 to 1978. Carvajal committed suicide after a long bout with cancer. Patricio Carvajal Vice Admiral Patricio Carvajal Prado (16 July 1916 – 15 July 1994), was a Chilean admiral, several times Minister and one of the principal leaders of the 1973", "title": "Patricio Carvajal" }, { "id": "16352904", "text": "Chilean jack mackerel The Chilean jack mackerel (\"Trachurus murphyi\") sometimes called the Inca scad, is a species of jack mackerel in the genus \"Trachurus\" of the family Carangidae. Since the 1970s, it has become one of the world's more important commercial fish species. High volumes have been harvested, but the fishery may now be in danger of collapsing. Chilean jack mackerels are commonly long, though they can grow to . They have elongated and laterally compressed bodies. The head is large with well-developed transparent protective membranes (the adipose eyelid) covering the eyes. The mouth is also large, with the rear", "title": "Chilean jack mackerel" }, { "id": "10648975", "text": "it seems to winter in northern Argentina, southern Brazil, Uruguay, and possibly Bolivia. This species has been seen to nest in both artificial and natural cavities, usually near water. They are usually solitary, although they will occasionally nest in loose groups if nest sites are near each other. Their nests are made from mud or dry grass and are lined with feathers. This swallow is a seasonal breeder. It usually breeds from September and sometimes early October, especially near the tip of South America, to February. In Chile, it usually raises two to three broods. The Chilean swallow usually has", "title": "Chilean swallow" }, { "id": "9067233", "text": "Names of Chilean towns and places are often found in the names of streets in Northern California: Valparaiso, Santiago, and Calera. Many of San Francisco's streets carry names of former residents of Chile: Atherton, Ellis, Lick, Larkin, and others. Chilean women also left their names: Mina and Clementina. Manuel Briseño, an early journalist in the mines was one of the founders of the San Diego Union. Juan Evangelista Reyes was a Sacramento pioneer as were the Luco brothers. Luis Felipe Ramírez was one of the City Fathers in Marysville. The Leiva family owned at one time, much of the land", "title": "Chilean Americans" } ]

[ "1871" ]

[ { "id": "5249012", "text": "basis of the buggy, which he began building in 1865, was a high-wheeled carriage with bracing to support a two-cylinder steam engine mounted on the floor. One of the first \"real\" automobiles was produced by Frenchman Amédée Bollée in 1873, who built self-propelled steam road vehicles to transport groups of passengers. The first carriage-sized automobile suitable for use on existing wagon roads in the United States was a steam-powered vehicle invented in 1871 by Dr. J.W. Carhart, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in Racine, Wisconsin. It induced the State of Wisconsin in 1875 to offer a $10,000 award", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "5249028", "text": "production that year. In the United States, brothers Charles and Frank Duryea founded the Duryea Motor Wagon Company in 1893, becoming the first American automobile manufacturing company. The Autocar Company, founded in 1897, established a number of innovations still in use and remains the oldest operating motor vehicle manufacturer in the United States. However, it was Ransom E. Olds and his Olds Motor Vehicle Company (later known as Oldsmobile) who would dominate this era with the introduction of the Oldsmobile Curved Dash. Its production line was running in 1901. The Thomas B. Jeffery Company developed the world's second mass-produced automobile,", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "11009123", "text": "patent application expired because the vehicle was never built. After a delay of sixteen years and a series of attachments to his application, on 5 November 1895, Selden was granted a United States patent () for a two-stroke car engine, which hindered, more than encouraged, development of cars in the United States. His patent was challenged by Henry Ford and others, and overturned in 1911. In 1893, the first running, gasoline-powered American car was built and road-tested by the Duryea brothers of Springfield, Massachusetts. The first public run of the Duryea Motor Wagon took place on 21 September 1893, on", "title": "Car" }, { "id": "2471208", "text": "1888 in Germany and, under licence from Benz, in France by Emile Roger. The time line is not exact but Thomas Davenport as well as Robert Anderson (of Scotland) built a battery electric car between 1832 and 1839. The era of automobiles began in the U.S. when George Selden of Rochester, NY filed a patent on May 8, 1879, but the patent was not approved until November 5, 1895. This was the first U.S. patent for an automobile. By the time a patent was approved many automobiles were in production. Charles Duryea built a three-wheeled, gasoline-powered vehicle in 1893, and", "title": "Antique car" }, { "id": "1418766", "text": "first came into use with reference to automobiles in 1898. The automotive industry began in the 1860s with hundreds of manufacturers that pioneered the horseless carriage. For many decades, the United States led the world in total automobile production. In 1929, before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the U.S. automobile industry produced over 90% of them. At that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons. After World War II, the U.S. produced about 75 percent of world's auto production. In 1980, the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and then became world's leader", "title": "Automotive industry" }, { "id": "5249026", "text": "4-wheeled car. Selden filed a series of amendments to his application which stretched out the legal process, resulting in a delay of 16 years before the patent was granted on 5 November 1895. This patent did more to hinder than encourage development of autos in the United States. Selden licensed his patent to most major American automakers, collecting a fee on every car they produced. The first production of automobiles was by Karl Benz in 1888 in Germany and, under license from Benz, in France by Emile Roger. There were numerous others, including tricycle builders Rudolf Egg, Edward Butler, and", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "15838587", "text": "1893, when J. Frank Duryea had the first road test of the car that later bore his name, since considered the first vehicle in operation in the United States. Century Motor Vehicle Company were manufacturers of both an electric model and a steam powered model from 1899 to 1903. In 1900, Herbert H. Franklin, founder of the H. H. Franklin Manufacturing Company and the first in the world in the machine die-casting business, moved his company to the \"Lipe Shop\". Later, Franklin teamed with Syracuse resident, John Wilkinson and established the Franklin Automobile Company. In February 1903, J. S. Leggett,", "title": "Vehicle manufacturers in Syracuse, New York" }, { "id": "2825197", "text": "Nicolaus Otto created a four-stroke internal combustion engine, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach modified the Otto engine to run at higher speeds, and Karl Benz pioneered the electric ignition. The Duryea brothers and Hiram Percy Maxim were among the first to construct a \"horseless carriage\" in the US in the mid-1890s, but these early cars proved to be heavy and expensive. Henry Ford revolutionized the automobile manufacturing process by employing interchangeable parts on assembly lines—the beginning of industrial mass production. In 1908, the Ford Motor Company released the Ford Model T which could generate 20 horsepower, was lightweight, and easy", "title": "Technological and industrial history of the United States" }, { "id": "5249029", "text": "and 1,500 Ramblers were built and sold in its first year, representing one-sixth of all existing motorcars in the United States at the time. Within a year, Cadillac (formed from the Henry Ford Company), Winton, and Ford were also producing cars in the thousands. The Studebaker brothers, having become the world's leading manufacturers of horse-drawn vehicles, made a transition to electric automobiles in 1902, and gasoline engines in 1904. They continued to build horse-drawn vehicles until 1919. The first motor car in Central Europe was produced by the Austro-Hungarian company Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau (later renamed to Tatra in today's Czech Republic)", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "13572529", "text": "1987. Periodically, other entrepreneurs would found automobile companies, but most would soon fail and none achieved major sales success. Some of the best known included Preston Tucker's 1948 sedan, Earl Muntz's Muntz Car Company, Malcolm Bricklin's Bricklin SV-1, the modern Stutz Blackhawk, Clénet Coachworks, Zimmer, Excalibur, and John DeLorean's DMC-12. Initial auto production after the WWII was slowed by the retooling process, shortages of materials, and labor unrest. However, the American auto industry reflected the post-war prosperity of the late-1940s and the 1950s. Cars grew in overall size, as well as engine size during the 1950s. The Overhead valve V-8", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "15838586", "text": "two-passenger, one-cylinder gasoline-operated \"affair\" and was built largely of bicycle and buggy parts, but it caused quite a lot of comment in the community. The actual date of completion is unknown and ranges anywhere from 1884 to 1895. If the automobile was built before 1893, it might have been one of the first successful automobiles made in America, predating the automobile designed by J. Frank Duryea of Duryea Motor Wagon Company which is the current record holder. The Onondaga Historical Society in Syracuse has been trying to find proof for several years that the vehicle was running before September 22,", "title": "Vehicle manufacturers in Syracuse, New York" }, { "id": "13572511", "text": "1919, 1921, and 1924 there were absolute declines in automotive production. The automotive industry caused a massive shift in the industrial revolution because it accelerated growth by a rate never before seen in the U.S. economy. The combined efforts of innovation and industrialization allowed the automotive industry to take off during this period and it proved to be the backbone of United States manufacturing during the 20th century. The practicality of the automobile was initially limited because of the lack of suitable roads. Travel between cities was mostly done by railroad, waterways, or carriages. Roads were mostly dirt and hard", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "13572515", "text": "Motors each played a role in their target market and what social status each consumer belonged to. Henry Ford began building cars in 1896 and started his own company in 1903. The Ford Motor Company improved mass-production with the first conveyor belt-based assembly line in 1913, producing the Model T (which had been introduced in 1908). These assembly lines significantly reduced costs. The first models were priced at $850, but by 1924 had dropped to $290. The Model T sold extremely well and Ford became the largest automobile company in the U.S. By the time it was retired in 1927,", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "5183904", "text": "the Johnstown Flood. Clarke sold his interest in Autocar in 1929 and retired from business. He died in Palm Beach, Florida, on January 6, 1957, and is buried in Allegheny Cemetery, in Pittsburgh. Autocar experimented with a series of vehicles from 1897, with a tricycle, \"Autocar No. 1\", now in the collection of the Smithsonian. In 1899 Autocar built the first motor truck ever produced for sale in North America. The first production Autocar automobile was a 1900 single cylinder chain drive runabout. About 27 were made. In 1901 Autocar built the first car in North America to use shaft", "title": "Autocar Company" }, { "id": "13572546", "text": "Manufacturing, Inc.). Despite the financial and marketing upheavals during the 1970s and 1980s, the decades led to technological innovations and/or widespread use of such improvements as disc brakes, fuel injection, electronic engine control units, and electronic ignition. Front-wheel drive became the standard drive system by the late 1980s. By the mid-1980s, oil prices had fallen sharply, helping lead to the revitalization of the American auto industry. Under the leadership of Lee Iacocca, Chrysler Corporation mounted a comeback after its flirtation with bankruptcy in 1979. The Minivan was introduced in the 1984 model year by Chrysler with the Plymouth Voyager and", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "13572524", "text": "noticeably on the Auburn Speedster and the Cord 810/812. Radical air-streamed design was introduced on the Chrysler Airflow, a sales flop, and the Lincoln-Zephyr (both of which used unit-body construction). Packard introduced their \"Air Cool-ditioned\" car in 1940. When the U.S. entered World War II, all domestic passenger automobile production ceased by February 1942. The industry received $10 billion in war-related orders by that month, compared to $4 billion before the attack on Pearl Harbor. All factories were enlarged and converted, many new ones such as Ford's Willow Run and Chrysler's Detroit Arsenal Tank Plant were built, and hundreds of", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "11009126", "text": "conventional piston and crankshaft design, only Mazda's version of the Wankel engine has had more than very limited success. All in all, it is estimated that over 100,000 patents created the modern automobile and motorcycle. Large-scale, production-line manufacturing of affordable cars was started by Ransom Olds in 1901 at his Oldsmobile factory in Lansing, Michigan and based upon stationary assembly line techniques pioneered by Marc Isambard Brunel at the Portsmouth Block Mills, England, in 1802. The assembly line style of mass production and interchangeable parts had been pioneered in the U.S. by Thomas Blanchard in 1821, at the Springfield Armory", "title": "Car" }, { "id": "5249047", "text": "Vanguard (1947), United States Studebaker Champion and Kaiser (1946), as well as the low-production Czech luxury Tatra T600 Tatraplan (1946) and the Italian Cisitalia 220 sports car (1947). Automobile design and production finally emerged from the military orientation and other shadow of war in 1949, the year that in the United States saw the introduction of high-compression V8 engines and modern bodies from General Motors' Oldsmobile and Cadillac brands. Hudson introduced the \"step-down\" design with the 1948 Commodore, which placed the passenger compartment down inside the perimeter of the frame, that was one of the first new-design postwar cars made", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "9666005", "text": "by Denmark (1923), Germany (1925), Austria (1925), and Argentina (1925). A factory was opened in Japan (1925) at Yokohama, and also in South Africa (1924) and Australia (1925) as subsidiaries of Ford of Canada due to preferential tariff rules for Commonwealth countries. By the end of 1919, Ford was producing 50 percent of all cars in the United States, and 40% of all British ones; by 1920, half of all cars in the U.S. were Model Ts. (The low price also killed the cyclecar in the U.S.) The assembly line transformed the industry; soon, companies without it risked bankruptcy. Of", "title": "History of Ford Motor Company" }, { "id": "5249036", "text": "United States in 1903. This period lasted from roughly 1905 through to 1914 and the beginning of World War I. It is generally referred to as the Edwardian era, but in the United States is often known as the Brass era from the widespread use of brass in vehicles during this time. Within the 15 years that make up this era, the various experimental designs and alternate power systems would be marginalised. Although the modern touring car had been invented earlier, it was not until Panhard et Levassor's \"Système Panhard\" was widely licensed and adopted that recognisable and standardised automobiles", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "13572506", "text": "Automotive industry in the United States The automotive industry in the United States began in the 1890s and, as a result of the size of the domestic market and the use of mass production, rapidly evolved into the largest in the world. However, the United States was overtaken as the largest automobile producer by Japan in the 1980s, and subsequently by China in 2008. The U.S. is currently second among the largest manufacturer in the world by volume, with approximately 8-10 million manufactured annually. Notable exceptions were 5.7 million automobiles manufactured in 2009 (due to crisis), and peak production levels", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "5249043", "text": "elements was introduced in small series but mass production of such cars was started much later (after WWII). American auto companies in the 1920s expected they would soon sell six million cars a year, but did not do so until 1955. Numerous companies disappeared. Between 1922 and 1925, the number of U.S. passenger car builders decreased from 175 to 70. H. A. Tarantous, managing editor of \"MoToR Member Society of Automotive Engineers\", in a \"New York Times\" article from 1925, suggested many were unable to raise production and cope with falling prices (due to assembly line production), especially for low-priced", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "15839130", "text": "it was foolish and a waste of time. The automobile was a two-passenger, one-cylinder gasoline operated \"affair\" and was built largely of bicycle and buggy parts, but it caused quite a lot of comment in the community. The actual date of completion is unknown and ranges anywhere from 1884 to 1895. If the automobile was built before 1893, it might have been one of the first successful automobiles made in America, predating the automobile built by J. Frank Duryea of Duryea Motor Wagon Company, which is the current record holder. Research by local historian, Richard N. Wright, in 1954, \"revealed", "title": "Frederick C. Brower" }, { "id": "3712981", "text": "around since the 1940s with the Crosley, and in the 1950s with the captive import, the Nash Metropolitan. A number of imported models, notably the Volkswagen Beetle and various small British cars, were also marketed as \"economy\" cars during the 1950s and 1960s. The US automakers responded to the growing popularity of small imported cars from Europe and Japan during the late 1960s. The AMC Gremlin was described at its April 1970 introduction as \"the first American-built import\" and the first U.S. built subcompact car. The Chevrolet Vega and Ford Pinto subcompacts were introduced in September 1970 for the 1971", "title": "Subcompact car" }, { "id": "5249053", "text": "of engineering and manufacturing problems, as well as the lessons from the 1973 oil crisis. The 1970s were turbulent years for automakers and buyers with major events reshaping the industry such as the 1973 oil crisis, stricter automobile emissions control and safety requirements, increasing exports by the Japanese and European automakers, as well as growth in inflation and the stagnant economic conditions in many nations. Smaller-sized grew in popularity. The United States saw the establishment of the subcompact segment with the introduction of the AMC Gremlin, followed by the Chevrolet Vega and Ford Pinto. The station wagons (estate, break, kombi,", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "13572507", "text": "of 13-15 million units during the 1970s and early 2000s. The motor vehicle industry began with hundreds of manufacturers, but by the end of the 1920s it was dominated by three large companies: General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler, all based in Metro Detroit. After the Great Depression and World War II, these companies continued to prosper, and the U.S. produced nearly three quarters of all automobiles in the world by 1950 (8,005,859 of 10,577,426). Beginning in the 1970s, a combination of high oil prices and increased competition from foreign auto manufacturers severely affected the companies. In the ensuing years, the", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "12815748", "text": "Buckeye gasoline buggy The Buckeye gasoline buggy or Lambert gasoline buggy was the first practical gasoline automobile available for sale in America, according to automobile historians. John William Lambert made America's first such automobile in 1891, according to a five-year extensive study by L. Scott Bailey, a well-known automobile historian, editor, and publisher. The study found substantial evidence to enter this claim on Lambert's behalf. The evidence from Bailey's study shows that Lambert designed, built, and ran a gasoline engine automobile in the early part of 1891 that he put on the market. It shows that neither Henry Ford nor", "title": "Buckeye gasoline buggy" }, { "id": "6683617", "text": "first of its kind, developed the phonograph, the first long-lasting light bulb, and the first viable movie camera. The latter led to emergence of the worldwide entertainment industry. In the early 20th century, the automobile companies of Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford popularized the assembly line. The Wright brothers, in 1903, made the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight. The rise of fascism and Nazism in the 1920s and 1930s led many European scientists, including Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, and John von Neumann, to immigrate to the United States. During World War II, the Manhattan Project developed nuclear", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "13572528", "text": "all auto production in 1966. Kaiser-Frazer Corporation was started in 1945 and acquired Willys-Overland Motors (maker of the Jeep) in 1953. Production of passenger cars was discontinued in 1955. In 1970, the company was sold to American Motors Corporation. In 1954, Nash-Kelvinator and Hudson merged to form American Motors Corporation (AMC). The company introduced numerous product and marketing innovations, but its small size made it difficult to compete with the Big Three and struggled financially. The French auto maker Renault took control of AMC in the early 1980s, but financial difficulties continued and AMC was purchased by Chrysler Corporation in", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "14922026", "text": "Fit, Insight, Odyssey, Pilot and Ridgeline. Acura-brand models are the RL, TLX, RLX, ILX, MDX, RDX, TSX, TL and ZDX. Honda claims several firsts for a Japanese car maker in the United States. The company was the first to create a subsidiary to market and sell its vehicles in the country, and the first to manufacture automobiles in North America. The headquarters in 1959 were at 4077 West Pico Boulevard in Los Angeles. The office was moved to the nearby suburb of Gardena at 100 West Alondra in 1963. In 1990, they relocated to 1919 Torrance Boulevard in Torrance, California", "title": "American Honda Motor Company" }, { "id": "5249010", "text": "vehicle on the roads in Camborne. The first automobile patent in the United States was granted to Oliver Evans in 1789. During the 19th century attempts were made to introduce practical steam powered vehicles. Innovations such as hand brakes, multi-speed transmissions and better steering developed. Some commercially successful vehicles provided mass transit until a backlash against these large vehicles resulted in the passage of legislation such as the United Kingdom Locomotive Act (1865), which required many self-propelled vehicles on public roads to be preceded by a man on foot waving a red flag and blowing a horn. This effectively halted", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "7253522", "text": "Thomas Blanchard (inventor) Thomas Blanchard (June 24, 1788 – April 16, 1864) was an American inventor who lived much of his life in Springfield, Massachusetts, where in 1819, he pioneered the assembly line style of mass production in America, and also invented the first machining lathe for interchangeable parts. Blanchard worked, for much of his career, with the Springfield Armory. In 1825, Blanchard also invented America's first car, which he called a \"horseless carriage,\" powered by steam. During Blanchard's lifetime, he was awarded over twenty-five patents for his creations. He was born in Sutton, Massachusetts. He had a fondness for", "title": "Thomas Blanchard (inventor)" }, { "id": "14922031", "text": "the United States was sold and retired at the same dealership at Manly Honda in Santa Rosa, California; however, sales of the vehicle and subsequent model, the Z600 coupe, only reached 20,000 units in 1972. During the 1970s energy crisis, however, lightweight, fuel-efficient cars experienced a surge in demand. The Honda Civic, introduced in 1973, became popular in the U.S., leading a significant expansion of Honda into the U.S. market. By 1976, the company had 630 automobile dealers, and Honda followed the Civic with the Accord hatchback, which became the best-selling passenger car in the United States from 1990 to", "title": "American Honda Motor Company" }, { "id": "5249013", "text": "to the first to produce a practical substitute for the use of horses and other animals. They stipulated that the vehicle would have to maintain an average speed of more than over a course. The offer led to the first city to city automobile race in the United States, starting on 16 July 1878 in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and ending in Madison, Wisconsin, via Appleton, Oshkosh, Waupun, Watertown, Fort Atkinson, and Janesville. While seven vehicles were registered, only two started to compete: the entries from Green Bay and Oshkosh. The vehicle from Green Bay was faster, but broke down before", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "13572516", "text": "more than 15 million Model Ts had been sold. Ford introduced the Model A in 1927 (after a six-month production stoppage to convert from the Model T), and produced it through 1931. However, while the Model A was successful, Ford lost ground to GM and eventually Chrysler, as auto buyers looked to more upscale cars and newer styling. Ford was also a pioneer in establishing foreign manufacturing facilities, with production facilities created in England in 1911, and Germany and Australia in 1925. Ford purchased the luxury Lincoln automaker in 1922 and established the Mercury division in 1938. General Motors Corporation", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "5249039", "text": "become standard equipment until 1926, on a Rickenbacker.) Between 1907 and 1912 in the United States, the high-wheel motor buggy (resembling the horse buggy of before 1900) was in its heyday, with over seventy-five makers including Holsman (Chicago), IHC (Chicago), and Sears (which sold \"via\" catalog); the high-wheeler would be killed by the Model T. In 1912, Hupp (in the United States, supplied by Hale & Irwin) and BSA (in the UK) pioneered the use of all-steel bodies, joined in 1914 by Dodge (who produced Model T bodies). While it would be another two decades before all-steel bodies would be", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "13572523", "text": "engines) going out of business. Errett Lobban Cord, who controlled the Auburn Automobile Company (which also sold the Cord) and the Duesenberg Motor Company, was under investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Internal Revenue Service. His auto empire collapsed in 1937 and production ceased. Major technological innovations were introduced or were widely adopted during the 1930s, such as synchromesh manual transmissions, semi-automatic transmissions, automatic transmissions, hydraulic brakes, independent front suspension, and overhead-valve engines. The Cord 810 used front-wheel drive, had hidden headlights, and was offered with a supercharger. Exterior styling designs were more flowing, as shown most", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "13572510", "text": "a larger scale in factories with broader market distribution. Ransom E. Olds and Thomas B. Jeffery began mass production of their automobiles. Henry Ford focused on producing an automobile that many middle class Americans could afford. Originally purchased by wealthy individuals, by 1916 cars began selling at $875. Soon, the market widened with the mechanical betterment of the cars, the reduction in prices, as well as the introduction of installment sales and payment plans. During the period from 1917 to 1926, the annual rate of increase in sales was considerably less than from 1903 to 1916. In the years 1918,", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "1206551", "text": "carriage\", as it was then called) was on the London & Birmingham and Grand junction Railways between London and Lancashire, England. This was made available to first class passengers in 1838. The Cumberland Valley Railroad pioneered sleeping car service in the spring of 1839, with a car named \"Chambersburg\", between Chambersburg and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. A couple of years later a second car, the \"Carlisle\", was introduced into service. In 1857, the Wason Manufacturing Company of Springfield, Massachusetts – one of the United States' first makers of railway passenger coach equipment – produced America's first specifically designed sleeping car. The man", "title": "Sleeping car" }, { "id": "3729572", "text": "combined passenger and cargo interior volume in sedans and or more in station wagons. A majority of U.S. automakers manufactured full size automobiles were constructed using a body-on-frame platform (with the exception of the Chrysler C platform and AMC's Ambassador). This design was phased out in 2011 when vehicles using the Ford Panther platform ended production. Use of the full-size term in North America became popular after the introduction of compact-sized cars by the U.S. \"Detroit Big Three\" for the 1960 model year, and then a few years later the introduction of what became known as mid-size cars. While length", "title": "Full-size car" }, { "id": "13572514", "text": "responsible for approving a refocusing of military vehicles to road maintenance equipment. It was followed by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1921 provided additional funding for road construction. By 1924, there were 31,000 miles of paved road in the U.S. About 3,000 automobile companies have existed in the United States. In the early 1900s, the U.S. saw the rise of the Big Three automakers; Ford, GM, and Chrysler. In the late 19th century Thorstein Veblen introduced his Theory of the Leisure Class which introduced conspicuous consumption and demonstrated that wealth was the basis for social status. Ford and General", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "3487047", "text": "six. American was commonly advertised as a 'Smile Car' because the company believed their cars offered trouble-free miles for their owners. In 1923 the company became associated with the Bessemer Truck Corporation; that October, the company became Amalgamated Motors, incorporating Northway and Winther as well. Before spring of 1924 American car was out of production. The total number of cars produced was about 6000 cars. For a brief time, famed racing driver and future automobile designer Louis Chevrolet worked as a vice-president and the head of American's engineering department. American (1917 automobile) The American was an American automobile, built in", "title": "American (1917 automobile)" }, { "id": "2103917", "text": "requests from fire departments all over the country. He was also given a medal from the International Association of Fire Engineers, which made him an honorary member. Morgan's invention of the safety hood was featured on the television show \"Inventions that Shook the World\". and \"Mysteries at the Museum\" (S08E05). The first American-made automobiles were introduced to consumers just before the turn of the twentieth century, and pedestrians, bicycles, animal-drawn wagons and motor vehicles all had to share the same roads. To deal with the growing problem of traffic accidents, a number of versions of traffic signaling devices began to", "title": "Garrett Morgan" }, { "id": "5249016", "text": "his new motor. In 1834, Vermont blacksmith Thomas Davenport, the inventor of the first American DC electric motor, installed his motor in a small model car, which he operated on a short circular electrified track. In 1835, Professor Sibrandus Stratingh of Groningen, the Netherlands and his assistant Christopher Becker created a small-scale electrical car, powered by non-rechargeable primary cells. In 1838, Scotsman Robert Davidson built an electric locomotive that attained a speed of . In England, a patent was granted in 1840 for the use of tracks as conductors of electric current, and similar American patents were issued to Lilley", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "7989206", "text": "the Z3 roadster, later replaced by the Z4 model. Since 2000, the plant also manufactures the X3, X5 and X6 SUV. All those models are made exclusively at Spartanburg for both the domestic market and worldwide exports (not counting CKD operations in some countries). Honda was the first Japanese automaker to build a factory in the United States. Following the success of the Civic and Accord, the company opened a new plant in Marysville, Ohio in 1982 to assemble the model, which went on to become the most popular car in the US in 1989. Honda expanded their operations and", "title": "Passenger vehicles in the United States" }, { "id": "11658296", "text": "not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. The electric vehicle stock peaked at approximately 30,000 vehicles at the turn of the 20th century. In 1897, electric cars found their first commercial use in the US. Based on the design of the Electrobat II, a fleet of twelve hansom cabs and one brougham were used in New York City as part of a project funded in part by the Electric Storage Battery Company of Philadelphia. During the 20th century, the main manufacturers of electric vehicles in the US were Anthony Electric, Baker, Columbia, Anderson, Edison, Riker, Milburn, Bailey", "title": "Electric car" }, { "id": "11000466", "text": "visit the factories of Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz, then the leading automobile manufacturers in the world (albeit with less than 200 each). He returned to Detroit convinced of the automobile's future, and immediately sold his share in Huber & Metzger. Metzger built the first U. S. automobile retail showroom, which opened 7 June, 1897, selling Waverley electric cars. The following year, Metzger added steamers, then gasoline-powered cars built by various companies. In 1899, Metzger started selling automobiles built by Oldsmobile; in June, Metzger sold the first automobile built by the company. In 1899, Metzger helped organize the Detroit Auto", "title": "William E. Metzger" }, { "id": "1866897", "text": "Locomobile Company of America The Locomobile Company of America was a pioneering American automobile manufacturer founded in 1899, and known for its dedication to precision in the pre-assembly-line era. It was one of the earliest car manufacturers in the advent of the automobile age. For the first two years after its founding, the company was located in Watertown, Massachusetts. Production was transferred to Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1900, where it remained until the company's demise in 1929. The company manufactured affordable, small steam cars until 1903, when production switched entirely to internal combustion-powered luxury automobiles. Locomobile was taken over in 1922", "title": "Locomobile Company of America" }, { "id": "13572534", "text": "1958 Ford Thunderbird (second generation) was arguably the first personal luxury car, which became a large market segment. Pony cars were introduced with the Ford Mustang in 1964. This car combined sporty looks with a long hood, small rear deck, and a small rear seat. The car proved highly successful and imitators soon arose, including the Chevrolet Camaro, Pontiac Firebird, Plymouth Barracuda (actually introduced two weeks prior to the Mustang), AMC Javelin, and the two-seat AMX, as well as the \"luxury\" version of the Mustang, the Mercury Cougar. Muscle cars were also introduced in 1964 with the Pontiac GTO. These", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "741266", "text": "with overhead valves, set the standard for the entire American automotive industry in 1949. In July 1917, the United States Army needed a dependable staff car and chose the Cadillac Type 55 Touring Model after exhaustive tests on the Mexican border. 2,350 of the cars were supplied for use in France by officers of the American Expeditionary Force in World War I. General Motors of Canada had built Cadillacs from 1923 until 1936 and LaSalles from 1927 until 1935. Pre-World War II Cadillacs were well-built, powerful, mass-produced luxury cars aimed at an upper-class market. In the 1930s, Cadillac added cars", "title": "Cadillac" }, { "id": "16842061", "text": "the 1990s. During the decade, many smaller manufacturers could not compete with the Big Three and either went out of business or merged. In 1954, American Motors was formed when Hudson merged with Nash-Kelvinator Corporation in a deal worth almost $200 million, the largest corporate merger in United States history at that time. The muscle-car era is deeply rooted in the 1950s, although there is some debate as to the exact beginning. The 1949 Oldsmobile Rocket 88, created in response to public interest in speed and power, is often cited as the first muscle car. It featured America's first high-compression", "title": "1950s American automobile culture" }, { "id": "1644601", "text": "based on the Mazda 121, and the Avella, which were sold in North America and Australasia as the Ford Festiva and Ford Aspire.In 1992, Kia Motors America was incorporated in the United States. The first Kia-branded vehicles in the United States were sold from four dealerships in Portland, Oregon, in February 1994. Since then, Kia methodically expanded one region at a time. Dealers in 1994 sold the Sephia; and a few years later, the United States segment expanded their line with the addition of the Sportage. Over one hundred Kia dealerships existed across thirty states by 1995, selling a record", "title": "Kia Motors" }, { "id": "15699890", "text": "Gottfried Schloemer His principal claim to fame rests on the \"motor wagon\" that he built there in 1889, which some have hailed as the first workable gasoline-engine automobile ever built in the United States, four years ahead of Charles and Frank Duryea, who are most often identified with this achievement. At the time of his death certain local reports even claimed him as the designer and maker of the first gasoline-powered automobile in the world, although that honor is usually given to the German Karl Benz in 1885. Schloemer was born near Cologne on the Rhine river August 25, 1842.", "title": "Gottfried Schloemer" }, { "id": "4739208", "text": "and put under control of the United States Railroad Administration (USRA). The USRA ordered 1,930 new standardized steam locomotives and over 100,000 railcars. The USRA's control over the railroads ended in March 1920. By the dawn of the 20th century, automobiles had begun to replace horse-drawn carriages. Numerous companies were building cars, but car manufacturing was challenging. Consequently, prices were high and production was low. Mass production techniques of the mid 1910s brought down the cost of automobiles and sales grew dramatically. By 1919 automobile registrations were 6.6 million and truck registrations were 898,000. Replacing horses with cars and trucks", "title": "Economic history of the United States" }, { "id": "5183903", "text": "for automobiles, and the first design of a useful oil circulation system. Clarke's initiative to place the driver on the left hand side of the vehicle was ahead of its time but eventually became the standard in much of the automotive industry worldwide. Clarke also developed the first porcelain-insulated spark plugs in America and the Autocar thread specification became the standard in the U.S. automotive industry. Clarke was also a talented photographer. His family were members of the exclusive South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club above Johnstown, Pennsylvania, whose earthen dam at Lake Conemaugh burst on May 31, 1889, causing", "title": "Autocar Company" }, { "id": "12815749", "text": "the Duryea Brothers have the distinction of building the first such practical working internal combustion gasoline engine automobile in the United States. In Europe Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler produced the first gasoline automobiles in 1885/1886. The Duryea brothers made their automobile in 1893 and started the Duryea Motor Wagon Company in 1895 mass-producing cars. Henry Ford started mass-producing cars in 1899 at the Detroit Automobile Company. Lambert initially designed and built his \"horseless carriage\" gasoline automobile in 1890. He successfully tested it in January 1891 inside an farm implement showroom he owned in Ohio City, Ohio. Lambert's three-wheeled surrey-top", "title": "Buckeye gasoline buggy" }, { "id": "12815762", "text": "distribution of the vehicle before 1891. Huntington's 1889 patent was four years before the Duryea brothers built their first car in 1893. Huntington's patent number 411,196 states: Buckeye gasoline buggy The Buckeye gasoline buggy or Lambert gasoline buggy was the first practical gasoline automobile available for sale in America, according to automobile historians. John William Lambert made America's first such automobile in 1891, according to a five-year extensive study by L. Scott Bailey, a well-known automobile historian, editor, and publisher. The study found substantial evidence to enter this claim on Lambert's behalf. The evidence from Bailey's study shows that Lambert", "title": "Buckeye gasoline buggy" }, { "id": "17500506", "text": "Hyundai Motor America Hyundai Motor America is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hyundai Motor Company. Along with Hyundai's USA manufacturing plant in Montgomery, Alabama called Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama, Hyundai has total of 19 manufacturing plants globally. Hyundai's automotive history in America started in 1968 when Hyundai trained with Ford Motor Company. Then in 1985, Hyundai established its US headquarters in Garden Grove, California, while the Hyundai American Technical Center, Inc. was established in Chino, California. The First car to be exported to the United States was the Hyundai Excel. Hyundai Motor America began selling cars in the USA on", "title": "Hyundai Motor America" }, { "id": "9602789", "text": "grandfather of Margaret Hillis, founder and director of the Chicago Symphony Chorus, and Elwood Hillis, an eight term Congressman representing Indiana's 5th District. Elwood Haynes Elwood Haynes (October 14, 1857 – April 13, 1925) was an American inventor, metallurgist, automotive pioneer, entrepreneur and industrialist. He invented the metal alloys stellite and martensitic stainless steel and designed one of the earliest automobiles made in the United States. He is recognized for having created the earliest American design that was feasible for mass production and, with the Apperson brothers, he formed the first company in the United States to produce automobiles profitably.", "title": "Elwood Haynes" }, { "id": "5249050", "text": "Japan emerged as a car-producing nation. Japanese companies began to export some of their more popular selling cars in Japan internationally, such as the Toyota Corolla, Toyota Corona, Nissan Sunny, and Nissan Bluebird in the mid-1960s. The success of American Motors' compact-sized Rambler models spurred GM and Ford to introduce their own downsized cars in 1960. Performance engines became a focus of marketing by United States automakers, exemplified by the era's muscle cars. In 1964, the Ford Mustang developed a new market segment, the pony car. New models to compete with the Mustang included the Chevrolet Camaro, AMC Javelin, and", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "14922037", "text": "10,000 miles per year via a daily, eight-hour (overnight) fill. In the 1980s, Honda established its own automobile plants in the U.S., becoming the first Japanese automaker to build cars in the U.S. Honda already had begun producing motorcycles in the U.S., in 1979 in Marysville, Ohio and in 1982, Honda began producing Accord sedans at its first U.S. auto plant, also in Marysville. The plant cost nearly $300 million to build. As of 2010, the plant measured with cumulative capital investment of $3.8 billion. During the next 10 years, Honda expanded its auto manufacturing presence, and as of 2010,", "title": "American Honda Motor Company" }, { "id": "3497298", "text": "km) at an average 7.5 mph (12 km/h), marking the first U.S. auto race in which any entrants finished. That same year, the brothers began commercial production, with thirteen cars sold by the end of 1896. Their first ten production vehicles were the first automobiles sold in the United States. Banking on the idea that future racing successes would propel their market share, the brothers entered two vehicles in Britain's London to Brighton Veteran Car Run. Frank placed first and beat out the nearest competition by 75 minutes. The brothers went their separate ways by the end of the century,", "title": "Duryea Motor Wagon Company" }, { "id": "3432648", "text": "from a 1953 concept car. Production doubled soon after its introduction, becoming the car most imported into the U.S. More than 445,000 Initially the stylish Renault Dauphine derived from the Renault 4CV, looked like it would follow the VWs footsteps, but then was a failure due to mechanical breakdowns and body corrosion. This failure on the U.S. market in the late 1950s, may have harmed the acceptance of small cars generally in America. In 1955, the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry set a goal to all Japanese makers to create what was called a \"national car\" that was", "title": "Economy car" }, { "id": "16458176", "text": "generations of skilled laborers to the city, making it the United States' longtime center for precision manufacturing (comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution). The Armory's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year. Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary (1805, Noah Webster), the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing (1819, Thomas Blanchard), the first American horseless car (1825, again Thomas Blanchard), vulcanized rubber (1844, Charles Goodyear), the first American gasoline-powered car (1893, Duryea Brothers),", "title": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts" }, { "id": "15699899", "text": "parade that was ever held on the streets of Milwaukee. There were seven automobiles in the car parade. There is a debate even to this day as to who should get the credit for making the first practical workable gasoline-powered automobile. Karl Benz is a claimant to the world's first self-propelled velocipede with a three-wheeled motorwagon in Germany in 1885. Some that take the claim of making the first gas-fueled car in America are Henry Nadig and Charles H. Black. Popular credit usually goes to the Duryea Brothers for the first commercially manufactured gasoline-powered \"horseless carriage\" in the U.S. with", "title": "Gottfried Schloemer" }, { "id": "16844728", "text": "offered advanced features such as automatic transmission as standard equipment, its overall body designs were considered dated. Four years after the 1954 merger with Studebaker, production under the Packard marque ceased as the company was unable to keep up with the advances and sales of the Big Three. Crosley produced cars from 1939 to 1952, including the only compact cars in an era of bigger and more powerful cars. They were unique in that they were sold through the Crosley's network of appliance stores. Peak production was in 1948, with almost 29,000 vehicles produced, followed by a sharp drop off", "title": "American automobile industry in the 1950s" }, { "id": "9602721", "text": "Elwood Haynes Elwood Haynes (October 14, 1857 – April 13, 1925) was an American inventor, metallurgist, automotive pioneer, entrepreneur and industrialist. He invented the metal alloys stellite and martensitic stainless steel and designed one of the earliest automobiles made in the United States. He is recognized for having created the earliest American design that was feasible for mass production and, with the Apperson brothers, he formed the first company in the United States to produce automobiles profitably. He made many advances in the automotive industry. Early in his career, while serving as a field superintendent at gas and oil companies", "title": "Elwood Haynes" }, { "id": "3688050", "text": "in the hands of its owner E.W. Hart. The first electric car in the United States was developed in 1890-91 by William Morrison of Des Moines, Iowa; the vehicle was a six-passenger wagon capable of reaching a speed of . It was not until 1895 that consumers began to devote attention to electric vehicles, after A.L. Ryker introduced the first electric tricycles to the U.S., by which point Europeans had been making use of electric tricycles, bicycles, and cars for almost 15 years. Interest in motor vehicles increased greatly in the late 1890s and early 1900s. Electric battery-powered taxis became", "title": "History of the electric vehicle" }, { "id": "6683616", "text": "by the U.S. War Department by the Federal Armories during the first half of the 19th century. This technology, along with the establishment of a machine tool industry, enabled the U.S. to have large-scale manufacturing of sewing machines, bicycles and other items in the late 19th century and became known as the American system of manufacturing. Factory electrification in the early 20th century and introduction of the assembly line and other labor-saving techniques created the system called mass production. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone. Thomas Edison's research laboratory, one of the", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "2471209", "text": "his company built 13 cars of the same design in 1896. Gasoline automobiles were produced by Elwood Haynes in 1894, by Ransom Olds in 1895, Charles King and Henry Ford in 1896. Automobile races stirred the public interest and bicycle and buggy manufacturers began to convert to making automobiles. Racing began shortly after the production of the automobile. The first official auto race in the world was a 732-mile, round trip race, in the Paris–Bordeaux–Paris race. The first race in the U.S. was the six car, 54.36 mile race, from Chicago’s Jackson Park to Evanston, Illinois and back. Racing helped", "title": "Antique car" }, { "id": "11577", "text": "assembly lines (or dis-assembly lines) to be utilized in the United States starting in 1867. Workers would stand at fixed stations and a pulley system would bring the meat to each worker and they would complete one task. Henry Ford and others have written about the influence of this slaughterhouse practice on the later developments at Ford Motor Company. According to Domm, the implementation of mass production of an automobile via an assembly line may be credited to Ransom Olds, who used it to build the first mass-produced automobile, the Oldsmobile Curved Dash. Olds patented the assembly line concept, which", "title": "Assembly line" }, { "id": "16844698", "text": "to the total population of the United States by the end of the decade, 179,323,175, that is almost one new vehicle for every three living persons of all ages. Production numbers are sometimes conflicting, depending on how they are calculated and how vehicles are classified, but according to Ward's, the number of actual autos and duty trucks manufactured in North America for each year, including domestic production intended for export, are represented below: Many innovations were introduced or refined in the 1950s to make driving safer and more comfortable. Combined with lower prices and the growth of the suburbs, car", "title": "American automobile industry in the 1950s" }, { "id": "1499802", "text": "1960, was the third most popular brand of automobile in the United States, behind Ford and Chevrolet. After two model years (1963 and 1964) of only producing compact cars, AMC focused back to larger and more profitable cars like the Ambassador line from the perceived negative of the Rambler's economy car image. In the face of deteriorating financial and market positions, Roy D. Chapin, Jr., took charge to revitalize the company, and designer Richard A. Teague economized by developing several vehicles from common stampings. While prices and costs were cut, new and more sporty automobiles were introduced, and from 1968", "title": "American Motors Corporation" }, { "id": "5249049", "text": "the United States. At the same time, Nash introduced the Nash Rambler, the first successful modern compact car made in the United States, while the standard models produced by the \"Big Three\" domestic automakers grew ever larger in size, featuring increasing amounts of chrome trim, and luxury was exemplified by the Cadillac Eldorado Brougham. The markets in Europe expanded with new small-sized automobiles, as well as expensive grand tourers (GT), like the Ferrari America. The market changed in the 1960s, as the United States \"Big Three\" automakers began facing competition from imported cars, the European makers adopted advanced technologies and", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "1298823", "text": "became sporters after tuning by H.M. and W. O. Bentley) and Delage, the Italian Isotta Fraschini, and the Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. In the U.S., where the type was variously called roadster, speedster, runabout, or raceabout, there was Apperson, Kissel, Marion, Midland, National, Overland, Stoddard-Dayton, and Thomas among small models, while Chadwick, Mercer, Stutz, and Simplex were among large models. After the Great War, Europe returned to manufacturing automobiles from around 1920, the following decade becoming known as the Vintage era and featuring rapid technical advances over the Edwardian traditions. The vintage decade witnessed the adoption of more modern and higher-speed", "title": "Sports car" }, { "id": "13572544", "text": "developed quickly and suffered from massive recalls and poor quality. In 1981, Japanese automakers entered into a so-called \"Voluntary restraint agreement\" limiting the number of autos that they could import to the U.S. to 1.68 million per year. One side effect of this quota was that the Japanese car companies began developing luxury cars that had higher profit margins, such as Toyota's Lexus, Honda's Acura, and Nissan Motor Company's Infiniti divisions. Another consequence was that the Japanese car makers began opening auto production plants in the U.S., with the three largest Japanese auto manufacturers all opening production facilities by 1985.", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "9726958", "text": "John William Lambert John William Lambert (January 29, 1860 – May 20, 1952) was an American automotive pioneer, inventor, automobile manufacturer, and the inventor of the first American gasoline automobile. Lambert was born on January 29, 1860, in Champaign County, Ohio on a farm near Mechanicsburg, Ohio. As a teenager Lambert moved with his family to Hillgrove in Darke County, Ohio near Union City. At the age of 16 Lambert devised a clever handheld corn planter that the Lamberts sold nationwide. It revolutionized farming for a brief time, before larger machines were developed. This first successful product started the long", "title": "John William Lambert" }, { "id": "7989208", "text": "2008 all CR-V's sold in the Americas are made in Mexico, in the early 2000s. In 2009, production of 4-door Civic sedans began at a new factory in Greensburg, Indiana. Hyundai Motor Company started manufacturing in the United States in 2005, when their plant in Montgomery, Alabama started the production of the Sonata sedan. It was joined in 2006 by the new Santa Fe SUV. Kia Motor Company, partially owned by Hyundai, has built a manufacturing plant in West Point, Georgia, which produces the Optima sedan and the Kia Sorento SUV. The last Mazda 6 rolled off the line on", "title": "Passenger vehicles in the United States" }, { "id": "1934060", "text": "made enormous strides and it was now possible to produce consumer goods in quantities and levels of sophistication unseen before 1945. Acquisition of technology from occupied Germany also proved an asset, as it was sometimes more advanced than its American counterpart, especially in the optics and audio equipment fields. The typical automobile in 1950 was an average of $300 more expensive than the 1940 version, but also produced in twice the numbers. Luxury makes such as Cadillac, which had been largely hand-built vehicles only available to the rich, now became a mass-produced car within the price range of the upper", "title": "History of the United States (1945–1964)" }, { "id": "16842030", "text": "1950s American automobile culture 1950s American automobile culture has had an enduring influence on the culture of the United States, as reflected in popular music, major trends from the 1950s and mainstream acceptance of the \"hot rod\" culture. The American manufacturing economy switched from producing war-related items to consumer goods at the end of World War II, and by the end of the 1950s, one in six working Americans were employed either directly or indirectly in the automotive industry. The United States became the world's largest manufacturer of automobiles, and Henry Ford's goal of 30 years earlier—that any man with", "title": "1950s American automobile culture" }, { "id": "9602754", "text": "Quadricycle, and preceded only by Charles Duryea's Motorized Wagon less than a year earlier. Unlike Duryea's car, which was an adapted buckboard wagon that was designed to run under its own power but still able to be pulled by horse, Haynes' car was designed only to run on its own. Some automotive historians use this difference to determine that Haynes' car was the first true American automobile. The Sintz company continued to be intrigued by Haynes' use of their motor and sent representatives to photo his vehicle and published the images as an advertisement for one of their engine's possible", "title": "Elwood Haynes" }, { "id": "1499828", "text": "of Hudson Motors founder Roy D. Chapin). Chapin quickly instituted changes to AMC's offerings and tried to regain market share by focusing on younger demographic markets. Chapin's first decision was to cut the price of the Rambler to within US$200 of the basic Volkswagen Beetle. Innovative marketing ideas included making air conditioning standard on all 1968 Ambassador models (available as a delete option). This made AMC the first U.S. automaker to make air conditioning standard equipment on a line of cars, preceding even luxury makes such as Lincoln, Imperial, and Cadillac. The company introduced exciting entries for the decade's muscle", "title": "American Motors Corporation" }, { "id": "4115508", "text": "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant The Ford Piquette Avenue Plant is a former factory located within the Milwaukee Junction area of Detroit, Michigan, in the United States. Built in 1904, it was the second center of automobile production for the Ford Motor Company, after the Ford Mack Avenue Plant. At the Piquette Avenue Plant, the company created and first produced the Ford Model T, the car credited with initiating the mass use of automobiles in the United States. Prior to the Model T, several other car models were assembled at the factory. Early experiments using a moving assembly line to make", "title": "Ford Piquette Avenue Plant" }, { "id": "5249033", "text": "the first presidential candidate to campaign in a car (a donated Mueller), in Decatur, Illinois. Three years later, Jacob German would start a tradition for New York City cabdrivers when he sped down Lexington Avenue, at the \"reckless\" speed of . Also in 1899, Akron, Ohio, adopted the first self-propelled paddy wagon. By 1900, the early centers of national automotive industry developed in many countries, including Belgium (home to Vincke, which copied Benz; Germain, a pseudo-Panhard; and Linon and Nagant, both based on the Gobron-Brillié), Switzerland (led by Fritz Henriod, Rudolf Egg, Saurer, Johann Weber, and Lorenz Popp), Vagnfabrik AB", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "11484229", "text": ". As the number of motor vehicles reached tens of thousands, state and local governments assumed a new power: authorizing vehicles and drivers. In 1901, New York became the first state to register automobiles; by 1918 all states required license plates. States were slower to require licenses for drivers. Only 39 states issued them by 1935 and few required a test, despite widespread concern about incompetent drivers. Early motorists were taught to drive by automobile salesmen, family and friends, or organizations like the YMCA. By the 1930s, many high schools offered driver education. Some states also have additional classifications. Hawaii,", "title": "Driver's licenses in the United States" }, { "id": "4282551", "text": "Frank (1869–1967) were initially bicycle makers in Washington, D.C., but later became world-renowned as the first American gasoline-powered car manufacturers, headquartered in Springfield, Massachusetts. Generally speaking, Charles engineered the automobiles, while Frank built, tested and raced them. On September 21, 1893, the Duryea Brothers road-tested the first-ever, working American gasoline-powered automobile on the Howard Bemis farm in Chicopee, Massachusetts. The Duryea's \"motor wagon\" was a used horse drawn buggy that the brothers had purchased for $70 and into which they had installed a 4 HP, single cylinder gasoline engine. The car (buggy) had a friction transmission, spray carburetor and low", "title": "Charles Duryea" }, { "id": "7989207", "text": "the scope of models manufactured in the US, building the Anna engine plant and East Liberty automobile assembly plant, and in 2001 opening Honda Manufacturing of Alabama in Lincoln. Most models sold under the Honda and Acura brands in North America are currently manufactured in either the U.S. or Canada. Others, such as the Honda Fit, Honda S2000, Acura TSX, and Acura RL, were imported from Japan. Some vehicles, such as the older CR-V (in the eastern United States) and the Civic SI hatchback, were imported from the UK. Some Accord passenger cars were imported from Mexico and starting from", "title": "Passenger vehicles in the United States" }, { "id": "7989213", "text": "also markets electric powertrain components, including lithium-ion battery packs, to other automakers, including Daimler and Toyota. Toyota's first foray into automobile manufacturing in the United States was NUMMI, a joint venture with General Motors based on the latter's production facility in California, which started in 1984 and has been manufacturing Toyota models and their versions branded as Geo, Chevrolet and Pontiac until GM withdrew in August 2009 and Toyota shut the doors in March 2010. Toyota went on to establish a number of wholly owned plants in states such as Kentucky, Indiana, California, Texas, West Virginia and Alabama. More than", "title": "Passenger vehicles in the United States" }, { "id": "1874207", "text": "Nash Motors Nash Motors Company was an American automobile manufacturer based in Kenosha, Wisconsin, in the United States from 1916 to 1937. From 1937 to 1954, Nash Motors was the automotive division of the Nash-Kelvinator Corporation. Nash production continued from 1954 to 1957 after the creation of American Motors Corporation. Nash pioneered some important innovations; in 1938 they debuted the heating and ventilation system which is still used today, unibody construction in 1941, seat belts in 1950, a US built compact car in 1950, and muscle cars in 1957. Nash Motors was founded in 1916 by former General Motors president", "title": "Nash Motors" }, { "id": "13572547", "text": "Dodge Caravan, and proved very popular. These vehicles were built on a passenger-car chassis and seated up to seven people as well as being able to hold bulky loads. Chrysler also introduced their \"K-cars\" in the 1980s, which came with front-wheel drive and fuel-efficient OHC engines. In 1987, Chrysler bought American Motors Corporation, which produced the Jeep. This proved to be excellent timing to take advantage of the Sport utility vehicle boom. Ford also began a comeback after losses of $3.3 billion in the early 1980s. In 1985, the company introduced the very successful, aerodynamic Taurus. General Motors, under the", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "1499812", "text": "engines and transmissions were comparatively expensive, AMC began development of its own V8. AMC also spent US$40 million developing its Double Safe Single Unit monocoque, which debuted in the 1956 model year. In mid-1956, the Packard V8 and transmission were phased out and replaced by AMC's new V8 and by GM Hydra-Matic and Borg-Warner transmissions. By 1964, Studebaker production in the United States had ended, and its Canadian operations ceased in 1966. The \"Big Three\", plus the smaller AMC, Kaiser Jeep, International Harvester, Avanti, and Checker companies were the remaining North American auto manufacturers. American Motors combined the Nash and", "title": "American Motors Corporation" }, { "id": "16844714", "text": "became standard equipment on Michelin's auto making subsidiary Citroën. Use spread to 100% of the US auto population by the 1980s, following Consumer Reports 1968 evaluation of competing technologies, noting the technology's superiority in tread life, safety, handling and fuel economy. The 1968 Pontiac GTO offered optional OEM radial tires, but only for one year; they became standard on all 1970 Lincoln Continental Mark IIIs. The 1953 Chrysler Imperial was the first production car in twelve years to offer air conditioning, following tentative experiments by Packard in 1940 and Cadillac in 1941. In actually installing optional Airtemp air conditioning units", "title": "American automobile industry in the 1950s" }, { "id": "626029", "text": "company produced 635 cars, making it the first high-volume gasoline-powered automobile manufacturer. (Electric car manufacturers such as Columbia Electric and steam powered car manufacturers such as Locomobile had higher volumes a few years earlier). Oldsmobile became the top selling car company in the United States for a few years around 1903-4. Ransom Olds left the company in 1904 because of a dispute and formed the REO Motor Car Company. The 1901 to 1904 Oldsmobile Curved Dash was the first mass-produced car, made from the first automotive assembly line, an invention that is often miscredited to Henry Ford and the Ford", "title": "Oldsmobile" }, { "id": "5249040", "text": "standard, the change would mean improved supplies of superior-quality wood for furniture makers. The 1908 New York to Paris Race was the first circumnavigation of the world by automobile. German, French, Italian and American teams began in New York City 12 February 1908 with three of the competitors ultimately reaching Paris. The US built Thomas Flyer with George Schuster (driver) won the race covering 22,000 miles in 169 days. Also in 1908, the first South American automobile was built in Peru, the \"Grieve\". In 1909, Rambler became the first car company to equip its cars with a spare tire that", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "14707708", "text": "the amount of time taken to assemble a product, thus reducing production, material, and labor costs so that an affordable product cost can be passed onto consumers. According to a book entitled \"Michigan Yesterday & Today\" authored by Robert W. Domm, the assembly line and its basic concept is credited to Ransom Olds, who used it to build the first mass-produced automobile, the Oldsmobile Curved Dash. Olds patented the assembly line concept, which he put to work in his Olds Motor Vehicle Company factory in 1901. This development is often overshadowed by Henry Ford, who perfected the assembly line by", "title": "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945)" }, { "id": "11009122", "text": "foundation of the automotive industry in France. In 1891, Auguste Doriot and his Peugeot colleague Louis Rigoulot completed the longest trip by a gasoline-powered vehicle when their self-designed and built Daimler powered Peugeot Type 3 completed from Valentigney to Paris and Brest and back again. They were attached to the first Paris–Brest–Paris bicycle race, but finished 6 days after the winning cyclist, Charles Terront. The first design for an American car with a gasoline internal combustion engine was made in 1877 by George Selden of Rochester, New York. Selden applied for a patent for a car in 1879, but the", "title": "Car" }, { "id": "5249025", "text": "of Sherbrooke, Quebec built a single-cylinder gasoline car in 1896 which he drove for 4 years, ignoring city officials' warnings of arrest for his \"mad antics.\" In all the turmoil, many early pioneers are nearly forgotten. In 1891, John William Lambert built a three-wheeler in Ohio City, Ohio, which was destroyed in a fire the same year, while Henry Nadig constructed a four-wheeler in Allentown, Pennsylvania. It is likely they were not the only ones. The American George B. Selden filed for a patent on 8 May 1879. His application included not only the engine but its use in a", "title": "History of the automobile" }, { "id": "13572535", "text": "combined an intermediate-sized body with a large high-output engine. Competitors were also quickly introduced, including the Chevrolet Chevelle SS, Dodge R/T (Coronet and Charger), Plymouth Road Runner/GTX, Ford Torino, and AMC's compact SC/Rambler. Muscle cars reached their peak in the late-1960s, but soon fell out of favor due to high insurance premiums along with the combination of emission controls and high gas prices in the early 1970s. While the personal luxury, pony, and muscle cars got most of the attention, the full sized cars formed the bulk of auto sales in the 1960s, helped by low oil prices. The styling", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "13572549", "text": "Corp. (a savings and loan). Chrysler purchased Lamborghini, an interest in Maserati, and Gulfstream Aerospace jets.) GM started the Saturn brand in the late 1980s as a way to retake sales from imported cars. While Saturn initially succeeded, GM later neglected to provide it much support. Around this time GM also began development on the General Motors EV1 electric car, which debuted in 1996. The 1990s began the decade in a recession, which resulted in weak auto sales and operating losses. In addition, the Invasion of Kuwait by Iraq caused a temporary jump in oil prices. However, the automakers recovered", "title": "Automotive industry in the United States" }, { "id": "4189974", "text": "in 1899 ACF acquired Bloomsburg Car Manufacturing Company (of Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania). Two years later, ACF acquired Jackson and Sharp Company (founded 1863 in Wilmington, Delaware), and the Common Sense Bolster Company (of Chicago, Illinois). The unified company made a great investment in the former Jackson & Woodin plant in Pennsylvania, spending about $3 million. It was at this plant that ACF built the first all-steel passenger car in the world in 1904. The car was built for the Interborough Rapid Transit system of New York City, the first of 300 such cars ordered by that system. 1904 and 1905 saw", "title": "American Car and Foundry Company" } ]

[ "April 18, 1994" ]

[ { "id": "5282175", "text": "on Broadway on April 18, 1994, starring Susan Egan and Terrence Mann as the eponymous Belle and Beast, respectively. The musical opened to mixed reviews from theatre critics, but was a massive commercial success and well received by audiences. \"Beauty\" ran on Broadway for 5,461 performances for thirteen years (1994 - 2007), becoming Broadway's tenth longest-running production in history. The musical has grossed more than $1.4 billion worldwide and played in thirteen countries and 115 cities. It has also become a popular choice for junior, amateur & high school productions. Still recovering from Walt Disney's demise, Disney's animated films continued", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "1208688", "text": "\"Beauty and the Beast\" premiered in a joint production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatricals at the Music Hall, Houston, Texas, from November 28, 1993 through December 26, 1993. On April 18, 1994, \"Beauty and the Beast\" premiered on Broadway at the Palace Theatre in New York City to mixed reviews. The show transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 11, 1999. The commercial (though not critical) success of the show led to productions in the West End, Toronto, and all over the world. The Broadway version, which ran for over a decade, received a Tony Award, and", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "5282234", "text": "with an official opening date of November 16, 1999. The musical closed on July 29, 2007, after 46 previews and 5,461 performances, and is Broadway's tenth-longest running production in history (). The production holds the record of being the longest running production at both the Palace Theatre, where it opened, and the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, where it closed its Broadway run. The production cost an estimated $12 million, arguably higher, becoming the most costly Broadway musical at the time. However, some analysists estimate the cost to be closer to $20 million. Directed by Robert Jess Roth with choreography by Matt West", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "1208689", "text": "became the first of a whole line of Disney stage productions. The original Broadway cast included Terrence Mann as the Beast, Susan Egan as Belle, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumière, Heath Lamberts as Cogsworth, Tom Bosley as Maurice, Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts, and Stacey Logan as Babette the feather duster. Many well-known actors and singers also starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, including Kerry Butler, Deborah Gibson, Toni Braxton, Andrea McArdle, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Christy Carlson Romano, Ashley Brown, and Anneliese van der Pol as Belle; Chuck Wagner, James Barbour, and Jeff McCarthy as", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "1208690", "text": "the Beast; Meshach Taylor, Patrick Page, Bryan Batt, Jacob Young, and John Tartaglia as Lumière; and Marc Kudisch, Christopher Sieber, and Donny Osmond as Gaston. The show ended its Broadway run on July 29, 2007 after 46 previews and 5,461 performances. , it is Broadway's tenth-longest-running show in history. In June 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that a live-action film adaptation of the original film was in the works, with Bill Condon directing and Evan Spiliotopoulos writing the script. Condon originally planned on not only drawing inspiration from the original film, but also to include most, if not all, of", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "5282242", "text": "as Maurice, and Drew Varley as LeFou. Madison Sqaure Garden Starrs Alan Bosley as Gaston A Los Angeles production opened at the Shubert Theatre on April 12, 1995, and closed on September 29, 1996. Most of the original Broadway cast, including Susan Egan, Terrence Mann, Gary Beach, Beth Fowler, Burke Moses and Tom Bosley reprised their roles. Notable replacements included James Stacy Barbour as the Beast. The sets in this production were widely considered to be the largest out of all the musical's productions in the world. After the show closed in Los Angeles, all of the sets were transferred", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "1208633", "text": "that category. It also became the first animated film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 64th Academy Awards, where it won the Academy Award for Best Original Score and Best Original Song for its title song and received additional nominations for Best Original Song and Best Sound. In April 1994, \"Beauty and the Beast\" became Disney's first animated film to be adapted into a Broadway musical. The success of the film spawned two direct-to-video follow-ups: \"\" (1997) and \"Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World\" (1998), both of which take place in the timeline", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "17628853", "text": "The musical was directed by Robert Jess Roth, produced by Disney Theatrical, and written by Linda Woolverton. Beauty and the Beast ran on Broadway for 5,461 performances between 1994 and 2007, becoming Broadway's eighth longest-running production in history. The musical has grossed more than $1.4 billion worldwide and played in thirteen countries and 115 cities. The stage version included many songs not included in the musical, such as the deleted songs Human Again (whose demo was 9 minutes long) and Gaston (Reprise), a Beast number - If I Can't Love Her, and a Maurice number - No Matter What. The", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise)" }, { "id": "18553278", "text": "original animated film, as well as elements from the Broadway musical, visual style, production values, and score, though it received criticism for some of the character designs and its excessive similarity to the original. The film grossed over $1.2 billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing live-action musical film, and making it the second-highest-grossing film of 2017, the tenth-highest-ever-grossing film in North America and the 14th-highest-grossing film of all time. The film received four nominations at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards and two nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards. It also received Academy Award nominations for Best Production Design and", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "17628848", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise) Beauty and the Beast is a Disney media franchise comprising a film series and additional merchandise. The success of the original 1991 American animated feature, \"Beauty and the Beast\", directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, led to three direct-to-video follow-up films, a live-action spin-off television series, a Disney World stage show, a Disney World restaurant, several video games, merchandise, and the 9th longest-running musical in Broadway history, which was nominated for nine Tony Awards, winning for Best Costume Design. In March 2017, Disney released a live-action remake of the film. Belle was also added", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise)" }, { "id": "5282240", "text": "and Justin Glaser as the Beast. Under the direction of the original Broadway creative team, the show featured all new sets and costumes. The tour was the longest in the show's history, running until July 2016. The UK National tour (prior to the closure of the West End Production in 1999) began on November 2, 2001, at the Empire Theatre in Liverpool with stops in Bristol, Birmingham, Dublin, Southampton, Manchester and ended on April 12, 2003, at the Playhouse Theatre in Edinburgh. The tour starred Annalene Beechey (reprising her role from the London production) as Belle, Alistair Robins as the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "6915983", "text": "(2013) features a cover by singers Garou and Camille Lou while \"We Love Disney\" Australia (2014) features a cover by operatic pop vocal group Sole Mio (2014). (2015) featured a cover by Chilla Kiana, while \"We Love Disney\" Latino (2016) featured a cover by Jencarlos and Paula Rojo. The song appears in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, which premiered in 1994. When the song first premiered on Broadway, there were few Broadway musicals at the time that featured ballads about love. Originally covered live by actress Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts, \"Beauty and the Beast\" was included on", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "6915914", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) \"Beauty and the Beast\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). The film's theme song, the Broadway-inspired ballad was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better. Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "5282173", "text": "learn to love a bright, beautiful young woman whom he has imprisoned in his enchanted castle before it is too late. Critics, who hailed it as one of the year's finest musicals, immediately noted the film's Broadway musical potential when it was first released in 1991, encouraging Disney CEO Michael Eisner to venture into Broadway. All eight songs from the animated film were reused in the musical, including a resurrected musical number which had been cut from the motion picture. Original songwriter Menken composed six new songs for the production alongside lyricist Rice, replacing Ashman who had died during production", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "8426531", "text": "Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage Beauty and the Beast: Live on Stage! is a Broadway-style musical at the Theater of the Stars, on Sunset Boulevard, at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Walt Disney World and formerly at Disneyland Park and Disneyland Paris. It is based on the popular animated film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (the show opened on the same day as the film's premiere), including many of the original songs and characters. While most of the soundtrack is prerecorded, the actors playing Belle and Gaston speak and sing live. Two versions of the show have been presented since opening", "title": "Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage" }, { "id": "20071670", "text": "shared on Twitter. Groban's version was released as the second single from \"Beauty and the Beast\"'s soundtrack on March 3, 2017, several days before the album, on which Stevens' original rendition appears, was released. Groban promoted the song with a performance on \"Good Morning America\" on March 14, 2017. The occasion marked both the song's first televised performance, as well as the first time an original song from the remake was performed live on television. Musically, Groban's single remains a \"Broadway-like\" operatic pop ballad that features the same lyrics, beginning \"I was the one who had it all\". Written in", "title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)" }, { "id": "5282273", "text": "the opposite. According to theatrical producer Stuart Oken, Disney's success with \"Beauty and the Beast\" is responsible for today's biggest Broadway hits and making the medium \"better than it has ever been\". The groundbreaking performance of \"Beauty and the Beast\" inspired other major Hollywood studios to produce Broadway renditions of some of their own films. Disney soon began to commission Broadway adaptations of several of the studio's most popular musical films, namely \"The Lion King\" (1997), \"Mary Poppins\" (2004), \"Tarzan\" (2006), \"The Little Mermaid\" (2008), \"Newsies\" (2012) and \"Aladdin\" (2014), in addition to producing the musical \"Aida\". After completing her", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "1208692", "text": "Tucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively. Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical. Filming began on May 18, 2015 in London, and production officially wrapped in August 2015. The film was released on March 17, 2017. \"Beauty and the Beast\" merchandise cover a wide variety of products, among them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic book based on the film", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "8316067", "text": "the events that occurred between \"Kingdom Hearts\" and \"Kingdom Hearts II\", such as Belle and Beast attempting to resume their normal lives and Beast's first encounter with Xaldin. The Beast appears in the Broadway musical adaptation of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", originally portrayed by Terrence Mann. Other actors who have taken on the role include Chuck Wagner (1997), James Barbour (1998), Jeff McCarthy (2004), and Steve Blanchard. The movie and others never made mention of his real name. A CD-ROM game said \"The Prince's name is Adam.\" In the 2011 ABC series \"Once Upon a Time\", the show's version", "title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "7917123", "text": "was cast in the Disney touring production \"On the Record\". This in turn led to her Broadway debut on September 20, 2005, replacing Brooke Tansley as the lead character, Belle, in the Disney Theatrical production of \"Beauty and the Beast\". She departed the role on May 28, 2006, after eight months and she was succeeded by Sarah Litzsinger. On November 16, 2006, \"Mary Poppins\" opened on Broadway with Brown starring as the title character. Brown left the Broadway company on October 5, 2008, after playing the role for two years and was replaced by Scarlett Strallen who previously played the", "title": "Ashley Brown" }, { "id": "20574228", "text": "Miss Saigon won many awards around the world, including the Tony Awards, the premier award for American theater. In 2009, once again starring in a blockbuster Broadway hit, Lissah played the character Belle, \"Beauty and the Beast\". Based on Walt Disney's two-Oscars design and the first animation to run for the main prize (Best Picture), Broadway's stage set has surpassed 13,000 performances worldwide, seen by 16 million viewers in more than 13 countries, including Canada, Japan, Mexico, and Argentina. In 2010, Lissah also appeared in \"Jekyll & Hyde - The Doctor and the Monster\". Another Broadway musical, based on the", "title": "Li Martins" }, { "id": "5282185", "text": "accepting a new version of such an immensely popular work. \"Beauty and the Beast\" became Disney's first Broadway venture, although \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", a stage adaptation of Disney's animated film of the same name, had premiered in New York in 1979, produced by Radio City Music Hall Productions, Inc. Theatre Under the Stars' executive director Frank Young campaigned heavily to have the show open in Houston, Texas even getting Governor Ann Richards involved in order to secure the stage rights. Roth summarized \"Beauty and the Beast\" as a story about \"seeing past the exterior of a person", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "18553301", "text": "in 3D on March 17, 2017. The first official presentation of the film took place at Disney's three-day D23 Expo in August 2015. The world premiere of \"Beauty and the Beast\" took place at Spencer House in London, England on February 23, 2017; and the film later premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California, on March 2, 2017. The stream was broadcast onto YouTube. A sing along version of the film released in over 1,200 US theaters nationwide on April 7, 2017. The United Kingdom received the same version on April 21, 2017. The film was re-released in", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "5282191", "text": "against this practice for \"Beauty and the Beast\". Eisner concluded that most of the film's original voice actors would be too busy to reprise their roles onstage. In her Broadway debut, then-22-year-old actress Susan Egan was cast as the musical's original Belle. Egan, who had not yet seen the film, had been auditioning for several other Broadway projects at the time – namely \"My Fair Lady\", \"Carousel\" and \"Grease\" – in which she was much more interested. Despite longing to originate a Broadway role, the actress was initially reluctant to audition for \"Beauty and the Beast\" because she thought that", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "9978609", "text": "its songs have also been influenced by French, classical, pop and Broadway music. Credited to Various Artists, \"Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\" features performances by the film's main cast – Paige O'Hara, Richard White, Jesse Corti, Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and Robby Benson – in order of appearance. Additionally, the album features recording artists Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson, who perform a pop rendition of the film's title and theme song, \"Beauty and the Beast\", which simultaneously serves as the soundtrack's only single. Following a difficult period during where Walt Disney Feature Animation struggled to release successful", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)" }, { "id": "5282264", "text": "into a big-budget kiddie show or magic act with its overdone showbiz glitz and sparkly stage-illusion effects\"at times, but in the end predicted that \"'Beauty and the Beast' could well be the big new musical hit this Broadway season has been waiting for.\" However, in 1994, \"Beauty and the Beast\" finally premiered on Broadway to reviews that ranged from mixed to negative, leaving critics mostly unimpressed. Reactions from the New York theatre community and Broadway producers were particularly harsh, ridiculing Disney for deciding to produce the musical themselves as opposed to enlisting traditional theatre companies. Egan recalled that \"the same", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "3746039", "text": "Paige O'Hara Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, voice actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical \"Showboat\". In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", in which she voiced the film's heroine, Belle. Following the critical and commercial success of \"Beauty and the Beast\", O'Hara reprised her role as Belle in the film's two direct-to-video follow-ups, \"\" (1997) and \"Belle's Magical World\" (1998), and for a cameo appearance", "title": "Paige O'Hara" }, { "id": "5840556", "text": "Broadway productions. His first role on Broadway was in \"The Three Musketeers\" in 1984 as Athos. He went on to originate the role of Rapunzel's Prince in the original Broadway cast of Stephen Sondheim's \"Into the Woods\" (1987). The recording of that show, on which Wagner appears, won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album. Wagner has appeared on Broadway (replacement) and in the U.S. national tour (1992) of \"Les Misérables\" as Inspector Javert. In 1994, he began a four-year stint as \"The Beast\", in Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", in both the Broadway (replacement) and Toronto productions. Wagner", "title": "Chuck Wagner" }, { "id": "5282272", "text": "tale. In 1995, some of Hould-Ward's costumes, namely Lumiere, were put on display in Nordstrom stores. Meanwhile, Belle and the Beast's ballroom costumes were exhibited at Westside Pavilion, and Mrs. Potts and LeFou appeared at South Coast Plaza. Largely due to audience reception, \"Beauty and the Beast\" remains one of Broadway's biggest successes of the current era. \"Beauty and the Beast\" established itself as a musical that could survive on Broadway despite its unenthusiastic reviews. Several detractors had thought that musicals like \"Beauty and the Beast\" would be a one-time event, but the results ultimately turned out to be quite", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "5282253", "text": "and Michel Altieri as the Beast. The Broadway production played a second time in Mexico City beginning in September 2007 and in Hiroshima, Japan, beginning in February 2008. The Broadway production opened in South Africa in September 2008 and ran until March 2009. In 2004, Disney began to license the show to other companies for touring, and the show has been performed by professional and amateur companies in many countries. On October 24, 2013, \"Beauty and the Beast\" opened at Théâtre Mogador in Paris, France. Beginning October 2014, Disney Theatrical Productions, NETworks and Broadway Entertainment Group launched an international tour", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "5282233", "text": "two of them sing of how their lives have changed because of love and they dance once more as the company, now changed back to their human form, gathers in the ballroom (\"Beauty and the Beast (Reprise)\"). \"Beauty and the Beast\" premiered in a joint production of Theatre Under The Stars and Disney Theatrical at the Music Hall, Houston, Texas, from November 28, 1993, through December 26, 1993. The musical opened on Broadway at the Palace Theatre on April 18, 1994, and ran there until September 5, 1999. The show then transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on November 11, 1999,", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "7426465", "text": "latter of whom became Broadway's final Belle when the show ended its thirteen-year-long run in 2007. Actress Sarah Litzsinger remains Broadway's longest-running Belle. A best-selling R&B singer, Braxton made her Broadway debut when she was cast as Belle in 1998, turning down actress Halle Berry's role in the film \"Why Do Fools Fall In Love\" (1998). Braxton's desire to pursue an acting career stemmed from a series of conflicts with the singer's record label at the time, in turn making her the only African American to portray Belle in the show's history. Belle's ballad \"A Change in Me\" was written", "title": "Belle (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "18553291", "text": "were revealed to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively, and Watson confirmed their casting the following day through tweets. The rest of the principal cast, including Josh Gad, Emma Thompson, Kevin Kline, Audra McDonald, Ian McKellen, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ewan McGregor and Stanley Tucci were announced between March and April to play LeFou, Mrs. Potts, Maurice, Madame de Garderobe, Cogsworth, Plumette, Lumière and Cadenza, respectively. Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle on Broadway, commented on the casting of Watson as \"perfect\". Paige O'Hara, who voiced Belle in the original animated film and its sequels, offered", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "7426417", "text": "heroes in film ranking. The character also appears in the film's several sequels and spin-offs, as well as her own live-action television series. American actress Susan Egan originated the role of Belle in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, for which she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. Emma Watson plays a live-action version of the character in a 2017 live action adaptation of the original 1991 film. After the success of Walt Disney Productions' first feature-length animated film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937), filmmaker Walt Disney himself made several attempts", "title": "Belle (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "3746045", "text": "25th anniversary. O'Hara reprised the role of Belle in the 2018 film \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\". O'Hara is married to actor Michael Piontek. The couple first met in 1989; after six years of dating, they married in 1995. Paige O'Hara Donna Paige Helmintoller, better known as Paige O'Hara (born May 10, 1956), is an American actress, voice actress, singer and painter. O'Hara began her career as a Broadway actress in 1983 when she portrayed Ellie May Chipley in the musical \"Showboat\". In 1991, she made her motion picture debut in Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", in which she voiced the", "title": "Paige O'Hara" }, { "id": "5282274", "text": "run in \"Beauty and the Beast\", Egan would famously go on to voice Meg in Disney's animated musical \"Hercules\" (1997), establishing herself as a popular voice and film actress. Following the success of \"Human Again\", the song was later incorporated into reissues of the animated film in the form of an animated musical sequence. \"Beauty and the Beast\" is considered to be Broadway's first legitimate family show, responsible for birthing an entirely new generation of young theatregoers. The family demographic of the musical established inspired international productions of \"Aladdin\" and \"Matilda\". According to \"The Complete Book of 1990s Broadway Musicals\"", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "18553331", "text": "\"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\"). \"Beauty and the Beast\" received generally positive reviews, with praise for its ensemble cast, visuals, production values, musical score, songs, and faithfulness to the original film with a few elements of the Broadway musical version, while the designs of the Beast and the servants' household object forms received mixed reviews. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 71% based on 336 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"With an enchanting cast, beautifully crafted songs, and a painterly eye for detail, \"Beauty and the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "2723712", "text": "which he specially wrote and composed for Braxton, and was still being used in the musical as of late July 2014. She left the production on February 28, 1999 and was succeeded by Andrea McArdle. Her role in \"Beauty and the Beast\" marked the first (and only) time a black woman commanded the leading role of Belle on Broadway. (In the UK, Michelle Gayle played the role in the West End.) It also marked the first time a black woman would star in a Disney musical on Broadway. In 1999, the lawsuit against LaFace Records was settled and Toni was", "title": "Toni Braxton" }, { "id": "3234372", "text": "In 2004, he guest-starred in the film \"The Girl Next Door\". He additionally guest-starred on ABC's \"Hope & Faith\" and, from May 2006 through August 20, 2006, starred in Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\" on Broadway, in the role of Lumiere. In April 2006, Young and his longtime girlfriend, Christen Steward, a model, announced their engagement. They were married on May 13, 2007, at the Westmount Country Club in Woodland Park, New Jersey. The couple have three children. Jacob Young Jacob Wayne Young (born September 10, 1979) is an American actor and singer. He is perhaps best known for his", "title": "Jacob Young" }, { "id": "9424040", "text": "Rex Everhart Rex Everhart (June 13, 1920 – March 13, 2000) was an American film and musical theatre actor and singer. Everhart appeared in such films as \"Superman\", in 1978. He was also known for his role as Enos the Truck-Driver in the horror film, \"Friday the 13th\" (1980) and its sequel. He provided the voice of Maurice, Belle's father, in the 1991 musical animated Disney film, \"Beauty and the Beast\". Everhart performed in numerous roles on Broadway including \"1776\", \"Chicago\", \"Woman of the Year\" and the revival of \"Anything Goes\". He was nominated for a 1978 Tony Award as", "title": "Rex Everhart" }, { "id": "3186469", "text": "money. Vestron's parent company, Vestron Inc., went bankrupt in 1989, and was bought out in January 1991 by LIVE Entertainment for $26 million. The rights to \"Dirty Dancing\" now rest with Lionsgate Entertainment, which purchased Artisan Entertainment in 2003. Orbach, already known as a successful Broadway actor, continued in different genres. He was the voice of the candelabrum \"Lumiere\" in the Disney animated film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991), before taking on his best known role, detective Lennie Briscoe in the TV crime drama \"Law & Order\", which he played from 1992 until his death in 2004. Choreographer Ortega went", "title": "Dirty Dancing" }, { "id": "5282236", "text": "Disney's next musical venture, \"The Little Mermaid\". With Disney set to open its Broadway version of \"The Little Mermaid\" on November 3, 2007, at the time, it was believed that having two Disney princess films on Broadway at the same time would divide audiences and cause competition between the two shows. At this point, Disney also had three other shows running at the same time: \"The Lion King\", \"Tarzan\", and \"Mary Poppins\". It was reported that Disney Theatrical planned to revive the show on Broadway for the 2008 holiday season, but Disney did not pursue this. The West End production", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "17628855", "text": "the castle with Beast). A 1995 article by the LA Times regarding the then-new Broadway musical adaption of the 1991 movie (the first Disney film to be adapted for the stage), asked if the property was \"Disney's Newest Franchise\". The original Beauty and the Beast film, as well as the stage musical and live-action remake, have received overwhelmingly positive feedback. The various other aspects of the franchise, such as the direct-to-video sequels, have received mixed to negative reviews. Beauty and the Beast (franchise) Beauty and the Beast is a Disney media franchise comprising a film series and additional merchandise. The", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise)" }, { "id": "18553297", "text": "film as a \"straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical\". Menken returned to score the film's music, which features songs from the original film by him and Howard Ashman, plus new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. Menken said the film would not include songs that were written for the Broadway musical and instead, created four new songs. However, an instrumental version of the song \"Home\", which was written for the musical, is used during the scene where Belle first enters her room in the castle. On January 19, 2017, it was confirmed by both Disney and Céline Dion—singer of the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "5282238", "text": "on December 11, 1999. The production won the 1998 American Express Award for Best New Musical Olivier Award, against other nominees \"Enter the Guardsman\", \"The Fix\" and \"Lady in the Dark\". The show had four US national tours. The first opened on November 15, 1995, and closed in 1999. It featured Kim Huber as Belle, Fred Inkley as the Beast, Patrick Page as Lumiere and Paige Davis as Babette. Patrick Page and Paige Davis met and fell in love during the tour and married. A second national tour opened in 1999 with Susan Owen as Belle and Grant Norman as", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "5433740", "text": "1997, recorded for Sony Music. He is perhaps best known in the theater for his creation of Officer Lockstock in the Broadway production of \"Urinetown\", which opened on Broadway in September 2001. From 1995 - 97, McCarthy played the \"Beast\" in the Broadway production of \"Beauty and the Beast\" . He played Dubhdara in the musical \"The Pirate Queen\" which opened on Broadway in April 2007. In 2008, 2009 and 2011, McCarthy played Billy Flynn in \"Chicago\", the long-running Broadway revival. McCarthy created the role of Lola Cola in the premiere of the bluegrass musical, \"Southern Comfort\" which opened at", "title": "Jeff McCarthy" }, { "id": "5282196", "text": "show starring comedian Carol Burnett. It was only at Burnett's insistence that Beach finally accepted. Amidst a cast of relatively obscure actors, Tom Bosley, famous for his roles on the television series \"Happy Days\" and \"Murder, She Wrote\", became the show's most recognizable performer when he was cast as Belle's father Maurice. All eight of the film's original songs were retained for the Broadway adaptation. The song \"Human Again\" had originally been written for the film, but it was ultimately abandoned due to time and story constraints; the musical number was finally resurrected for and included in the production. Composer", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "2037655", "text": "Susan Egan Susan Farrell Egan (born February 18, 1970) is an American actress, singer and dancer, known for her work on the Broadway stage. She is best known for originating the role of Belle in the Broadway musical adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1994), as well as for providing the voice of Megara in \"Hercules\" (1997), and the voice for Rose Quartz on \"Steven Universe\". Egan was born in Seal Beach, California on February 18, 1970. She attended Los Alamitos High School and the co-located Orange County High School of the Arts and UCLA. Having long desired to become", "title": "Susan Egan" }, { "id": "2723711", "text": "bankruptcy. Public reaction to these events was very harsh, having been expressed most clearly in an interview on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show.\" Upon successfully filing for bankruptcy, Braxton relinquished the rights to many of her valued possessions, including the Grammys and American Music Awards she had previously been granted. Braxton has appeared in two Disney Broadway shows: She made her Broadway debut as Belle in \"Beauty and the Beast\" beginning September 9, 1998 when she replaced Kim Huber. During her run in the show Alan Menken wrote and composed a new song for the musical, titled \"A Change in Me\",", "title": "Toni Braxton" }, { "id": "1208691", "text": "the Menken/Rice songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a \"straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical\". In September 2014, it was announced that Stephen Chbosky (\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\") would re-write the script. In January 2015, Emma Watson announced on her Facebook page that she would portray Belle in the new live action remake film. In March 2015, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively. The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Stanley", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "5282259", "text": "clarinet in B-flat, and the fifth on bassoon and contrabassoon. The excised reed parts were used for the synthesizer parts upon their removal for the licensed orchestration. The optional reduced orchestration is scored for two synthesizers, a percussion section, double bass, three woodwind players, a trumpet, a French horn, and solo violin and cello. Notable Broadway cast replacements (approximate dates given where available) The Original Broadway Cast Recording was released on April 26, 1994. The CD included Susan Egan as Belle, Terrence Mann as Beast, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumière and Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts. The", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "18553277", "text": "McKellen, and Emma Thompson in supporting roles. Principal photography began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England on May 18, 2015, and ended on August 21. With an estimated budget of around $255 million, it is one of the most expensive films ever made. \"Beauty and the Beast\" premiered at Spencer House in London on February 23, 2017, and was released in the United States in standard, Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D formats, along with Dolby Cinema on March 17, 2017. The film received generally favorable reviews, with many praising the performances and its faithfulness to the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "2037657", "text": "of Belle in the original Broadway cast of \"Beauty and the Beast\", for which she was nominated for the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award, Outstanding Actress in a Musical. On Broadway, Egan portrayed Belle for one year and reprised the role in the Los Angeles production in 1995, along with many of the original Broadway cast members. At the Sacramento Music Circus, she portrayed Maria in \"The Sound of Music\" in 1996 and Molly Brown in \"The Unsinkable Molly Brown\" in 2002. Egan joined \"Thoroughly Modern Millie\" in February 2004 as Millie. Egan has performed in one-woman, cabaret-style", "title": "Susan Egan" }, { "id": "6915960", "text": "ballad Disney's fifth greatest love song. Similarly, \"Beauty and the Beast\" is the fourth greatest Disney song according to \"M\". \"Beauty and the Beast\" finished 14th on GamesRadar's \"30 best Disney songs in history\" ranking. On the website's list of the \"Top 25 Disney Songs\", IGN ranked \"Beauty and the Beast\" 22nd. While Broadway.com ranked the song the second greatest Academy Award-winning Disney song, \"Spin\" placed \"Beauty and the Beast\" at number 30 on the magazine's ranking of \"Every Oscar Winner for Best Original Song\". On her list of the \"11 Highest-Charting Songs From Disney Movies\", author Nicole James of", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "5282177", "text": "Menken had previously amassed great live musical success with their Off-Broadway production \"Little Shop of Horrors\", but the performance of Ashman's first Broadway venture \"Smile\" had been disappointing. Eager to redeem himself, Ashman agreed to work on Disney's animated film \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989), which he and Menken would famously decide to approach as though they were scoring a Broadway musical. Upon release, \"The Little Mermaid\" was a massive critical and commercial success, garnering two Academy Awards, both of them for Ashman and Menken's original music. Disney established a successful renaissance period, during which Ashman and Menken became responsible for", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "2674198", "text": "received more Oscars than Menken. He is tied for third place with late costume designer Edith Head. He currently holds the record for the most wins for a living person. He was named a Disney Legend in 2001. Menken debuted on Broadway with a musical theatre adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\" that opened in 1994 and ran for 13 years before closing in 2007. In 1997, he collaborated with lyricist Tim Rice on a musical, \"King David\", based on the biblical character, which was performed in a concert version on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theatre. \"Little Shop of", "title": "Alan Menken" }, { "id": "7426427", "text": "her voice\", envisioning a voice similar to that of American entertainer Judy Garland. American actress and singer Paige O'Hara was performing on Broadway when she first read about Disney's then-upcoming animated project \"Beauty and the Beast\" in an article in \"The New York Times\". Upon discovering that the studio was holding auditions for the lead role of Belle and, at the behest of lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken, specifically recruiting Broadway performers, O'Hara immediately insisted that her agent get her an audition. Familiar with O'Hara's Broadway stint as Ellie May Chipley in the musical \"Show Boat\"; Ashman had", "title": "Belle (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "7758954", "text": "McCartney, Eric Clapton, Phil Collins, Mark Knopfler and Sting. In November 1997, John performed in the BBC's Children in Need charity single \"Perfect Day\", which reached number one in the UK. In the musical theatre world, \"The Lion King\" musical debuted on Broadway in 1997 and the West End in 1999. In 2014, it had grossed over $6 billion and became the top-earning title in box-office history for both stage productions and films, surpassing the record previously held by Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical \"The Phantom of the Opera\". In addition to \"The Lion King\", John also composed music for", "title": "Elton John" }, { "id": "7898830", "text": "the Magic Kingdom, and as a tagline for promoting the 2017 film. The song has been parodied in an episode of \"The Simpsons\" and the film \"\". Originally, \"Beauty and the Beast\", under the direction of Richard Purdum, was not intended to be a musical. Then-studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg made the decision to turn the film into a Broadway-style musical similar to \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989), Disney's previous animated film, after he, displeased with the film's initial story reel, ordered the film scrapped and restarted from scratch. As a result, Purdum resigned, and first-time feature film directors Kirk Wise and", "title": "Be Our Guest" }, { "id": "5282235", "text": "and assisted by Dan Mojica, the original Broadway cast included Susan Egan as Belle, Terrence Mann as the Beast, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumière and Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts. Orchestrations were by Danny Troob (after his own orchestrations and arrangements of the film), scenic designer was Stan Meyer, costume designer Ann Hould-Ward, lighting designer Natasha Katz, sound was by T. Richard Fitzgerald, hair designer David H. Lawrence, and prosthetics were by John Dods. Illusions were by Jim Steinmeyer and John Gaughan, and pyrotechnic design was by Tyler Wymer. The Broadway production closed to make way for", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "1208647", "text": "early 1990, Katzenberg had approved the revised script, and storyboarding began again. The production flew story artists back and forth between California and New York for storyboard approvals from Ashman, though the team was not told the reason why. Disney had originally considered casting Jodi Benson from \"The Little Mermaid\" as Belle. They eventually decided upon Broadway actress and singer Paige O'Hara in favor of having a heroine who sounded \"more like a woman than a girl\". According to co-director Kirk Wise, O'Hara was given the role because she \"had a unique quality, a tone she would hit that made", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "17628852", "text": "Josh Gad as LeFou. \"Sing Me a Story with Belle\" was a live-action spin-off series created by Patrick Davidson and Melissa Gould. It featured Belle, who now owns and manages the bookshop in the village. The show ran for 65 episodes on The Disney Channel from September 8, 1995 to December 11, 1999. Two episodes from the first season were released with an episode of an abandoned \"Beauty and the Beast\" cartoon series and were released direct-to-video as Belle's Tales of Friendship. A musical, based on the original animated film, debuted April 18, 1994, on Broadway at the Palace Theatre.", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise)" }, { "id": "6528838", "text": "an instant success before premiering on Broadway at the New Amsterdam Theater on October 15, 1997 in many previews with the official opening on November 13, 1997. On June 13, 2006, the Broadway production moved to the Minskoff Theatre to make way for the musical version of \"Mary Poppins\", where it is still running after more than 8,500 performances. It is Broadway's third longest-running show in history, and has grossed more than $1 billion, making it the highest grossing Broadway production of all time. Over 95 million people worldwide have seen the musical and it has earned numerous awards and", "title": "The Lion King (musical)" }, { "id": "18553313", "text": "biggest outside of summer, save for \"\", not accounting for inflation. It became the forty-third film to debut with over $100 million and the fifteenth film to open above $150 million. Its three-day opening alone surpassed the entire original North American run of the first film ($146 million; before the 3D re-release), instantly becoming the second-biggest film of the year, behind \"Logan\" ($184 million), and also the second-highest-grossing musical, behind \"Grease\"'s $188 million cumulative gross in 1978. Seventy percent of the total ticket sales came from 2D showings signifying that people who don't go to theaters frequently came out in", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "7426463", "text": "Teen Choice Awards. She also received nominations for the Empire Award for Best Actress, the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award for \"Favorite Movie Actress\" and the Saturn Award for Best Actress. Belle appeared in the Broadway musical adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\". The role was originated by actress Susan Egan, who was initially reluctant to audition for \"Beauty and the Beast\" because she \"thought it was a terrible idea for Disney to put a cartoon on Broadway.\" However, her agent managed to convince her otherwise, and Egan ultimately turned down callbacks for roles in the musicals \"My Fair Lady\", \"Carousel", "title": "Belle (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "1208656", "text": "place of \"Human Again.\" Menken would later revise \"Human Again\" for inclusion in the 1994 Broadway stage version of \"Beauty and the Beast\", and another revised version of the song was added to the film itself in a new sequence created for the film's Special Edition re-release in 2002. Ashman died of AIDS-related complications at the age of 40 on March 14, 1991, eight months before the film's release. He never saw the finished film, though he did get to see it in its unfinished format. Ashman's work on \"Aladdin\" was completed by another lyricist, Tim Rice. Before Ashman's death,", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "4310789", "text": "back to Burbank after Disney decided to shutter the London satellite office and retool the film into a musical-comedy format similar to \"The Little Mermaid\". Alan Menken and Howard Ashman were retained to write the song score, though Ashman died before production was completed. Debuting first in a work-in-progress version at the 1991 New York Film Festival before its November 1991 wide release, \"Beauty and the Beast\", directed by Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale, was an unprecedented critical and commercial success, and would later be seen as one of the studio's best films. The film earned six Academy Award nominations,", "title": "Walt Disney Animation Studios" }, { "id": "5684846", "text": "production of \"Beauty and the Beast\" in 1992. She made her Broadway debut in the 2003 original production of \"The Boy from Oz\", playing Liza Minnelli. Having read the part of Elphaba in the first reading of \"Wicked\" in 2000, she was the first actress to play the role in the US touring production from 2005–06, winning the Helen Hayes Award for Best Actress in a Non-Resident production. She later reprised the role on Broadway from 2007–08. She received Drama Desk nominations for the Off-Broadway productions of \"By the Way, Meet Vera Stark\" (2011) and \"Little Miss Sunshine\" (2013), and", "title": "Stephanie J. Block" }, { "id": "5309487", "text": "Disney Theatrical Productions Disney Theatrical Productions Limited (DTP), also known as Disney on Broadway, is the flagship stageplay and musical production company of the Disney Theatrical Group, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, a major business unit of The Walt Disney Company. Founded in 1993 by longtime Disney Entertainment veteran Ron Logan as Walt Disney Theatrical, the division has gained a reputation within the industry for creating professional and popular (both critically and financially) performances, starting with the acclaimed \"Beauty and the Beast\" in April 19th, 1994 and most recently with \"The Jungle Book\" in September 23rd, 2019. The", "title": "Disney Theatrical Productions" }, { "id": "1208632", "text": "served as the film's executive producer, died of AIDS-related complications six months before the film's release, and the film is thus dedicated to his memory. \"Beauty and the Beast\" premiered as an unfinished film at the New York Film Festival on September 29, 1991, followed by its theatrical release as a completed film at the El Capitan Theatre on November 13. The film grossed $425 million at the box office worldwide on a $25 million budget. \"Beauty and the Beast\" won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the first animated film to ever win", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "5309522", "text": "2015. The television special \"Backstage with Disney On Broadway: Celebrating 20 Years\" aired in December 2014. Disney Theatrical Productions Disney Theatrical Productions Limited (DTP), also known as Disney on Broadway, is the flagship stageplay and musical production company of the Disney Theatrical Group, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, a major business unit of The Walt Disney Company. Founded in 1993 by longtime Disney Entertainment veteran Ron Logan as Walt Disney Theatrical, the division has gained a reputation within the industry for creating professional and popular (both critically and financially) performances, starting with the acclaimed \"Beauty and the Beast\"", "title": "Disney Theatrical Productions" }, { "id": "6915965", "text": "Afanasieff for successfully making the song his own. Actress and singer Paige O'Hara, who voices Belle, was among the first artists to express interest in recording the pop version of \"Beauty and the Beast\", but Disney dismissed her for being \"too Broadway\". Unable to afford to hire a \"big singer\" at the time, Disney settled for rising Canadian recording artist Celine Dion. Because she was relatively unknown to American audiences at the time, the studio doubted that Dion would have much of an impact in the United States on her own and subsequently hired the more well-known American singer Peabo", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "5282203", "text": "especially enjoyed the song, demanding that it be included in international productions as well, to which he personally traveled in order to teach it to the cast. Music supervision was handled by Michael Kosarin, with sound design by John Petrafesa Jr. Unlike in the film, Belle actually performs and dances alongside the enchanted objects during \"Be Our Guest\", which resembles \"a high-energy Vegas number\" similar to the musical \"Ziegfeld Follies\". The original Broadway cast recording of \"Beauty and the Beast\" was released by Walt Disney Records in 1994. Similar cast albums followed suit, including Australian and Japanese recordings in 1994", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "18553287", "text": "featured in the deleted scenes. Previously, Disney had begun work on a film adaptation of the 1994 Broadway musical. However, in a 2011 interview, composer Alan Menken stated the planned film version of the \"Beauty and the Beast\" stage musical \"was canned\". By April 2014, Walt Disney Pictures had already begun developing a new live-action version of \"Beauty and the Beast\" after making other live-action fantasy films such as \"Alice in Wonderland\", \"Maleficent\", \"Cinderella\" and \"The Jungle Book\". In June 2014, Bill Condon was signed to direct the film from a script by Evan Spiliotopoulos. Later in September of that", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "2296256", "text": "breakthrough stage role was New York mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia in the long-running Broadway musical \"Fiorello!\" (1959), for which he won a Tony Award. In 1994, he originated the role of Maurice in the Broadway version of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\". Bosley toured as Cap'n Andy in Harold Prince's 1994 revival of \"Show Boat\". Bosley's first motion picture role was in 1963, as the would-be suitor of Natalie Wood in \"Love with the Proper Stranger.\" Other films include \"The World of Henry Orient\", \"Divorce American Style\", \"Yours, Mine and Ours\", \"Gus\" and the made-for-television \"The Triangle Factory Fire", "title": "Tom Bosley" }, { "id": "17628849", "text": "to Disney Consumer Products' Disney Princess franchise. \"Beauty and the Beast\" is the original film of the franchise. It was directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and released in 1991. \"Beauty and the Beast\" is the 30th Disney animated feature film and belongs to an era known as the Disney Renaissance. The plot of the film is based on the fairy tale \"Beauty and the Beast\" by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont. \"\" is the first direct-to-video installment of the film series and served as a holiday special. It was directed", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise)" }, { "id": "8316034", "text": "beautiful young woman named Belle who he imprisons in his castle. All this must be done before the last petal falls from the enchanted rose on his twenty-first birthday. In all animated film appearances, the Beast is voiced by American actor Robby Benson. The 1991 animated film was adapted into a Broadway musical in 1994, with the role being originated by American actor Terrence Mann. Dan Stevens portrays the character in a 2017 live-action adaptation of the original 1991 film. Determining a suitable appearance for the Beast proved challenging. Although entirely fictional, supervising animator Glen Keane felt it essential for", "title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "14462957", "text": "J. B. Adams J.B. Adams (born September 29, 1954) is an American character stage and film actor, director, and singer. He has credits in film, television and, most notably, musical theatre. Originally from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, he attended Oklahoma City University, where he studied voice, piano, opera, and musical theatre, after which he became a New York-based Broadway actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles in the Broadway productions of \"Beauty and the Beast\" (as Maurice, the father), \"Annie\" (as Rooster/Drake/Bert Healy/FDR), \"Parade\" (as Luther Rosser), \"Me And My Girl\" (as Sir Jasper), and \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\"", "title": "J. B. Adams" }, { "id": "5161117", "text": "Pol would be making her Broadway debut as Belle, in \"Beauty and the Beast\". Van der Pol was the musical's 17th (and final) Belle. She played the role from April 3, 2007 to July 29, 2007 as the show reached its 5,464th (and final) performance. During her run as Belle, van der Pol also performed at Bryant Park's Broadway in Bryant Park on July 12, 2007 along \"Beauty and the Beast\" co-stars Chris Hoch and Jeanne Lehmann, performing songs from the show. Prior to \"Beauty\"'s final show, van der Pol appeared on \"Live with Regis and Kelly\" for a small", "title": "Anneliese van der Pol" }, { "id": "5282276", "text": "While these musicals flourished on Broadway, it seems as though more serious, adult-oriented fare struggled to perform as well. New York theatre critic Howard Kissel famously despised \"the Kiddy Komponent of New York theatergoing\" spearheaded by the successful 13-year Broadway run of \"Beauty and the Beast\". The success of \"Beauty and the Beast\" inspired Eisner invest in his own theatre to house future stage adaptations of the studio's animated classics. Cedar Rapids, IA at Beauty and the Beast (musical) Beauty and the Beast is a musical with music by Alan Menken, lyrics by Howard Ashman and Tim Rice, and book", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "18553296", "text": "the best Broadway musical of 1991. The animated version was already darker and more modern than the previous Disney fairytales. Take that vision, put it into a new medium, make it a radical reinvention, something not just for the stage because it's not just being literal, now other elements come into play. It's not just having real actors do it\". Condon initially prepared on only drawing inspiration from the original film, but he also planned to include most of the songs composed by Alan Menken, Howard Ashman and Tim Rice from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "1208645", "text": "and the Beast\" into a Broadway-style musical film in the same vein as \"Mermaid\". Ashman, who at the time had learned he was dying of complications from AIDS, had been working with Disney on a pet project of his, \"Aladdin\", and only reluctantly agreed to join the struggling production team. To accommodate Ashman's failing health, pre-production of \"Beauty and the Beast\" was moved from London to the Residence Inn in Fishkill, New York, close to Ashman's New York City home. Here, Ashman and Menken joined Wise, Trousdale, Hahn, and Woolverton in retooling the film's script. Since the original story had", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "6915982", "text": "on Broadway: Celebrating 20 Years\", which documents the development of eight of Disney's Broadway musicals. Both known for their roles in the television musical drama \"Nashville\", Bowen, a fan of the film, arranged the cover herself to satisfy the documentary producers' vision, who \"were looking for performers who could offer unexpected interpretations of the [musicals'] familiar tunes.\" Hilary Lewis of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" observed that Bowen and Palladio's rendition \"is more stripped down\" than the stage, Lansbury and Dion-Bryson versions. The song has been covered multiple times as part of the We Love Disney album series. \"We Love Disney\" France", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "6915920", "text": "adaptation; sung by Emma Thompson as Mrs. Potts during the film and also as a duet cover version by Ariana Grande and John Legend during the end credits. Grande and Legend's version of the song is an homage to the cover performed by Dion and Bryson for the 1991 film. \"Beauty and the Beast\" was written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken in 1990. Intending for the song to be \"the height of simplicity\", the songwriters drew much of its influence from Broadway music. Due to Ashman's failing health, some of \"Beauty and the Beast\"'s pre-production was relocated", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "13821315", "text": "closed after a week, and Blanchard did not get the opportunity to perform the role. Blanchard's first Broadway appearance was in the role of Lancelot Du Lac in the 1993 revival of \"Camelot\" and subsequent national tour. He then starred in the musical \"Beauty and the Beast\" as Gaston and the Beast, playing the latter role, both on Broadway and on tour for eleven years, ending in 2007. Blanchard toured in the U.S. National companies of \"A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum\" in 1987, Ken Hill's \"Phantom of the Opera\" in 1989 (in which he performed", "title": "Steve Blanchard" }, { "id": "8426532", "text": "day. The stage show changed considerably from the original version to the currently running version, causing it to more closely resemble 1991 film of the same name. However, because the show is condensed to approximately 25 minutes, many cuts and edits are made. The show opens like the Broadway musical: An old beggar woman asks a spoiled and selfish prince if he will allow her to stay in his castle for the night from the bitter cold, in exchange for a single rose; to which the prince turns her away. Because his heart is cold, the old beggar woman turns", "title": "Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage" }, { "id": "7008055", "text": "role of Ado Annie. Other New York roles included Vicki in the workshop of \"Bright Lights, Big City\", Barrow in \"The \"I\" Word\" and Claudia in \"The Folsom Head\". She also has done work on various commercials. Butler made her Broadway debut in 1993 in the role of Ms. Jones in the musical \"Blood Brothers\", where she also understudied the role of Linda. In 1995, Butler originated the role of Belle for the Toronto production of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", where she was nominated for the DORA Award for her performance, and eventually transferred to Broadway. After playing Belle", "title": "Kerry Butler" }, { "id": "6915968", "text": "quickly recorded their vocals at The Power Station in New York over the Labor Day long weekend, while mixing was completed at The Record Plant in Los Angeles. The song was released as the only single from the film's soundtrack, on which the song appears alongside Lansbury's version, on November 25, 1991. The single is a pop ballad that lasts a total of four minutes and three seconds. It begins in the key of F major at a moderately slow tempo of 72 beats per minute, before modulating to D major, then G major, and ending in E major. The", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "9019172", "text": "in Me\" was introduced. She covered the song for her debut studio album \"So Far\" in 2002. Arranged and produced by Craig Barna, Egan's version of \"A Change in Me\" was the first English-language studio recording of the song. In her role as Kristen, actress Ashley Brown performed the song in the jukebox musical \"Disney's On the Record\" in 2005, which also appears on the original cast recording. Brown would eventually play Belle in the Broadway production of \"Beauty and the Beast\", performing \"A Change in Me\" several times during her tenure. Brown also sang the song live in the", "title": "A Change in Me" }, { "id": "4310790", "text": "including one for Best Picture, a first for an animated work, winning for Best Song and Best Original Score. Its $145 million box office gross set new records and merchandising for the film – including toys, cross-promotions, and soundtrack sales – was also lucrative. The successes of \"The Little Mermaid\" and \"Beauty and the Beast\" established the template for future Disney releases during the 1990s: a musical-comedy format with Broadway-styled songs and tentpole action sequences, buoyed by cross-promotional marketing and merchandising, all carefully designed to pull audiences of all ages and types into theatres. In addition to John Musker, Ron", "title": "Walt Disney Animation Studios" }, { "id": "1208677", "text": "inventor rather than a merchant. In 2010, IGN named \"Beauty and the Beast\" as the greatest animated film of all time, directly ahead of \"WALL-E\", \"The Incredibles\", \"Toy Story 2\", and \"The Iron Giant\". Several critics regard the 1991 animated film as superior to the 2017 live-action remake. Michael Phillips of the \"Chicago Tribune\" said that the 1991 film \"worked wonderfully because it was pure Broadway, written for the screen, blending comedy and romance and magic and just enough snark in the margins\", while the 2017 remake got lost in translation since \"The movie takes our knowledge and our interest", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "8341676", "text": "French musical fable. After \"Amour\" closed, Litzsinger returned to the role of Belle on February 11, 2003. In 2006, she played Eva Peron in the 25th U.S. national tour of \"Evita\". From May 30 – September 17, 2006, she once again appeared in Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\" replacing Ashley Brown as Belle. Litzsinger holds the distinction of being Broadway's longest-running Belle. In 2004, Litzsinger released a self-titled solo album. She is also a member of the band TASTiSKANK, along with another Broadway actress, Kate Reinders. In 2007, they won the Breakout Award at the HBO Aspen Festival. They were", "title": "Sarah Litzsinger" }, { "id": "5282180", "text": "Ashman and Menken's music. Several critics noticed the film's live musical potential, among them prolific \"New York Times\" theatre critic Frank Rich. Lamenting the Broadway selection at the time, Rich famously praised the songwriting duo for having written \"[t]he best Broadway musical score of 1991\", while hailing the film as a \"better [musical] ... than anything he had seen on Broadway\" in 1991. Rich's review would ultimately provide Eisner and Katzenberg with the confidence needed to seriously consider the film as a potential Broadway project. Disney was also inspired by the successes of Broadway musicals such as \"Cats\", \"Les Misérables\"", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "6915941", "text": "recluse into [Belle's] true love.\" The original film version of \"Beauty and the Beast\" performed by Lansbury was written in the key of G-flat major at a \"moderately slow\" tempo of 84 beats per minute (Andante), at a duration of two minutes and forty-six seconds. An \"eloquent\" rock-influenced pop song with a \"calm\" and \"lilting\" melody, Stephen Whitty of NJ.com described \"Beauty and the Beast\" as a \"Broadway ballad.\" Film critic Roger Ebert described the song's melody as \"haunting\", while \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s Lisa Schwarzbaum dubbed the song as a \"lullaby\". \"The Disney Song Encyclopedia\" author Thomas S. Hischak described Menken's", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "6915986", "text": "the song \"set the template for the quivering love theme in ’90s Disney movies\". \"Beauty and the Beast\" was the first Disney song to undergo a complete pop rearrangement for commercial purposes. After the success of Disney's \"The Little Mermaid\" revived the Disney musical in 1989, Gary Trust of \"Billboard\" determined that \"Once \"Beauty and the Beast\" followed in 1991 ... Disney was dominating charts like never before\". The single ended a thirty year-long absence of Disney-released chart hits between the 1960s and 1990s, and inspired several similar hits; popular recording artists such as Elton John, Vanessa Williams, Michael Bolton,", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "16862021", "text": "song\". \"The song was similarly featured in the Broadway musical based on the film, originally performed by American actress and singer Susan Egan. In an attempt to replicate the unprecedented success of \"The Little Mermaid \"(1989), Walt Disney Animation Studios decided to adapt the traditional fairy tale \"Beauty and the Beast\" into an animated feature film. Although originally conceived as an animated film with \"no songs in it whatsoever\" under the direction of Richard Purdum, Disney CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg was unsatisfied with the dark and somber direction in which the film was headed, and ultimately ordered that it be re-written", "title": "Belle (Disney song)" }, { "id": "2883183", "text": "graduated from the Louisville Youth Performing Arts School. She graduated from the Meadows School of the Arts at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. While in college, her mother and stepfather moved to Pittsburgh. Much of her training has been in musical theater as well as dancing, and she spent two-and-a-half years in the national touring company of the Broadway musical \"Beauty and the Beast\" playing the role of Babette the Feather Duster for her second year. During this period, she was sometimes credited as Mindy Paige Benson, following her 1994 marriage to actor Greg Benson. In Los Angeles, California,", "title": "Paige Davis" }, { "id": "12058943", "text": "Fred Applegate (actor) Frederick Applegate (born February 20, 1953) is an American actor, singer and dancer. He grew up in Maplewood, New Jersey and South Orange, New Jersey. He graduated from Northwestern University. Fred played Lumiere in the National Tour of Beauty and the Beast (musical) Applegate originated the roles of Inspector Kemp and The Blind Hermit in the Broadway musical \"Young Frankenstein\" (2007). He originated the role of the Monsignor in the Broadway production of \"Sister Act\" (2011) and the role of Father Jack O'Brien in \"The Last Ship\", which premiered on Broadway in October 2014. Other Broadway credits", "title": "Fred Applegate (actor)" }, { "id": "2800789", "text": "disease. Sigler played the title role in \"Cinderella\" on tour and at The Theatre at Madison Square Garden in 2001. She then spent five months on Broadway from October 2002 through February 2003 playing Belle in \"Beauty and the Beast\". She has continued to appear in theatrical roles. In 2004, she starred as \"Hollywood Madam\" Heidi Fleiss in the USA television movie \"\". In that same year, she had her first starring feature film role, \"Extreme Dating\", an independent film. In 2005, Sigler starred in \"Love Wrecked\" and the following year in \"Homie Spumoni\", when she played the role of", "title": "Jamie-Lynn Sigler" }, { "id": "272880", "text": "for $20 front row tickets, and some saw the show dozens of times. Other shows on Broadway followed \"Rent\"'s lead by offering heavily discounted day-of-performance or standing-room tickets, although often the discounts are offered only to students. The 1990s also saw the influence of large corporations on the production of musicals. The most important has been Disney Theatrical Productions, which began adapting some of Disney's animated film musicals for the stage, starting with \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1994), \"The Lion King\" (1997) and \"Aida\" (2000), the latter two with music by Elton John. \"The Lion King\" is the highest-grossing musical", "title": "Musical theatre" } ]

[ "Mr. Ademola Andrew Magbojuri" ]

[ { "id": "20646128", "text": "more than 140 scientific presentations. On November 11, 2017, Adeyeye was named the Director general of the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), taking over from Ademola Andrew Magbojuri. In 1983, she was awarded a graduate fellowship by the American Association of University Women (AAUW). She was listed in the Marquis Who's Who of American Women in 1991/1992. She was awarded the J. William Fulbright Scholar Award for African Regional Research Program on AIDS and AIDS-Related Research from 2004 to 2005. Since 2006, she has been a J. William Fulbright Senior Specialist Candidate. She became a", "title": "Mojisola Adeyeye" }, { "id": "7686534", "text": "National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) is a federal agency under the Federal Ministry of Health that is responsible for regulating and controlling the manufacture, importation, exportation, advertisement, distribution, sale and use of food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, chemicals and packaged water in Nigeria. The organization was formed to checkmate illicit and counterfeit products in Nigeria in 1993 under the country's health and safety law. Adulterated and counterfeit drugs are a problem in Nigeria. In one 1989 incident, over 150 children died as a result of", "title": "National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control" }, { "id": "7686536", "text": "governing council was formed. The council was chaired by Tanimu Saulawa. In January 1993, supporting legislation was approved as legislative Decree No. 15 of 1993. On January 1, 1994 NAFDAC was officially established as a “parastatal of the Federal Ministry of Health”. NAFDAC replaced an earlier Federal Ministry of Health body, the Directorate of Food and Drug Administration and Control, which had been deemed ineffective, partially because of lack of laws concerning fake drugs. “(NAFDAC) is headed by a chairman who presides over a governing council appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Minister of Health.”Other council members", "title": "National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control" }, { "id": "7686542", "text": "to keep in touch with the international scene for information, training, co-operation assistance, aid and for financing of specific projects, especially in these days of global and national austerity, the agency maintains close relationship with a number of international agencies some of which include: National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) is a federal agency under the Federal Ministry of Health that is responsible for regulating and controlling the manufacture, importation, exportation, advertisement, distribution, sale and use of food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, chemicals and packaged water", "title": "National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control" }, { "id": "20646122", "text": "Mojisola Adeyeye Mojisola Christianah Adeyeye is a Nigerian pharmacist and professor. She was appointed the Director-General of National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) on 3 November 2017 by the President of The Federal Republic of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari. Before her appointment as NAFDAC boss, she was the founding Chair of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and a Professor of Pharmaceutics, Manufacturing Science and Drug Product Evaluation at the College of Pharmacy, Roosevelt University in Schaumburg, Illinois, where she spent 7 years. She was also a Professor of Pharmaceutics and Manufacturing for 21 years at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,", "title": "Mojisola Adeyeye" }, { "id": "20646130", "text": "Extended Family Homes for Children, a home that caters for children from kindergarten up to university level. It is located in Osogbo, Osun State and Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Mojisola Adeyeye Mojisola Christianah Adeyeye is a Nigerian pharmacist and professor. She was appointed the Director-General of National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) on 3 November 2017 by the President of The Federal Republic of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari. Before her appointment as NAFDAC boss, she was the founding Chair of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and a Professor of Pharmaceutics, Manufacturing Science and Drug Product Evaluation at the College of Pharmacy,", "title": "Mojisola Adeyeye" }, { "id": "7686537", "text": "are: Three people from the general public are also represented on the council. Several units make up NAFDAC: NAFDAC has various basic functions. According to the requirements of its enabling decree, the Agency was authorized to: NAFDAC envisions that by making these functions known, that its actions will be apparent “in all sectors that deal with food, cosmetics, medical devices, bottled water, and chemicals to the extent of instilling extra need for caution and compulsion to respect and obey existing regulations both for healthy, living and knowledge of certain sanctions or default.Despite the establishment of NAFDAC, the sale and use", "title": "National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control" }, { "id": "13306558", "text": "Anne Schuchat Anne Schuchat (born 1960) is an American medical doctor who serves as the Principal Deputy Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). She previously served as Acting Director of the CDC (and as acting Administrator for the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) from January 20, 2017 through July 7, 2017; and again from January 31, 2018 through March 26, 2018, when she was succeeded by Robert R. Redfield as Director. She is an Assistant Surgeon General holding the rank of rear admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. Having worked", "title": "Anne Schuchat" }, { "id": "7686538", "text": "of fake drugs did not end. Dissatisfied with progress in combating fake drugs, President Olusegun Obasanjo's administration dissolved the management of NAFDAC in August 2000. In April 2001, a new management team, with Dora Akunyili as director-general, was inaugurated. The team re-organized the agency, which has been successful in the recent past due to three new federal policies: NAFDAC has made several achievements over the years, including Although the project has been launched, there are serious concerns of complicity, compromise and lack of professionalism in the delivery of the project; it does not however appear that the Presidency is aware", "title": "National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control" }, { "id": "19996825", "text": "of Distinguished Executive Award, the 2003 Presidential Rank of Meritorious Executive Award, and 4 NIH Director’s Awards. Colleen Barros Colleen Barros served as the acting United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services from 20 January 2017 until 6 October 2017, before being succeeded by Eric Hargan. She served as the deputy for Norris Cochran (acting), Tom Price and Don J. Wright (acting). Barros has also served as Deputy Director for Management and Chief Financial Officer for the National Institutes of Health. She began her career at the NIH in 1979 as a Budget Analyst. Barros has an M.A.", "title": "Colleen Barros" }, { "id": "18366415", "text": "Avengers: Infinity War Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and 2015's \"\", and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Benedict Cumberbatch, Don Cheadle, Tom Holland, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Anthony", "title": "Avengers: Infinity War" }, { "id": "18796260", "text": "3, 2017 that Robert W. Patterson, who had been serving as the DEA's Principal Deputy Administrator since November 2016, had succeeded Rosenberg as Acting Administrator for the DEA. On November 13, 2017, Rosenberg initiated his role as an MSNBC News contributor with an interview on \"The Rachel Maddow Show\". Chuck Rosenberg Charles Philip \"Chuck\" Rosenberg is the former acting head of the Drug Enforcement Administration. He was appointed in May 2015 following the resignation of Michele Leonhart. Rosenberg received his B.A. from Tufts University, his M.P.P. from Harvard University and his J.D. from the University of Virginia. He was hired", "title": "Chuck Rosenberg" }, { "id": "19996824", "text": "Colleen Barros Colleen Barros served as the acting United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services from 20 January 2017 until 6 October 2017, before being succeeded by Eric Hargan. She served as the deputy for Norris Cochran (acting), Tom Price and Don J. Wright (acting). Barros has also served as Deputy Director for Management and Chief Financial Officer for the National Institutes of Health. She began her career at the NIH in 1979 as a Budget Analyst. Barros has an M.A. in Public Administration from the American University. While at NIH, in 2008 she won the Presidential Rank", "title": "Colleen Barros" }, { "id": "9353333", "text": "Dora Akunyili Dora Nkem Akunyili was the Director General of National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) of Nigeria. She was born in Markurdi, Benue State on July 14, 1954 to Chief and Mrs. Paul Young Edemobi. She became the Nigerian Minister of Information and Communications from 2008 to 2010. She was a pharmacist and governmental administrator who gained international recognition. She won several awards for her work in pharmacology, public health and human rights. Akunyili ran for election as Senator for Anambra Central for the APGA in April 2011 but was defeated by Chris Ngige of", "title": "Dora Akunyili" }, { "id": "20239973", "text": "gaining 43% of the vote. During the campaign she and Newt Gingrich threw symbolic crates of tea into the Chattahoochee River as a bit of political theater. In July 2017, Fitzgerald was appointed by Health and Human Services Secretary, Tom Price, to succeed Thomas R. Frieden as the director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Anne Schuchat had been acting as interim director since Dr. Frieden's resignation was effective on January 20, 2017. Fitzgerald was replaced as Georgia's Commissioner of the Department of Public Health by Dr. J. Patrick O’Neal as an interim commissioner. \"The Washington", "title": "Brenda Fitzgerald" }, { "id": "19829225", "text": "as acting Secretary of Health and Human Services. Kirstjen Nielsen succeeded Kelly as Secretary in December 2017. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson was fired via a tweet in March 2018; Trump appointed Mike Pompeo to replace Tillerson and Gina Haspel to succeed Pompeo as the Director of the CIA. In the wake of a series of controversies, Scott Pruitt resigned as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in July 2018. Deputy Administrator Andrew Wheeler is slated to serve as acting administrator beginning July 9, 2018. At the time of Pruitt's resignation, he is the fifth member of Trump's cabinet to", "title": "Presidency of Donald Trump" }, { "id": "7686539", "text": "of this. The above is buttressed by the following: The activities of NAFDAC have been the subject of considerable scrutiny in recent years. The agency has drawn fire for being susceptible to overt government interference, subject to bribery, internal feuding and constant rumours and or allegations abound concerning misappropriation of funds. In one high-profile (and typical) case, the former NAFDAC director of finance and accounts, Andrew Ademola Mogbojuri, alleged mass fraud in 2015 against the agency's director-general, Dr. Paul Orhii. The agency claimed sour grapes was behind the allegation and labelled Mogbojuri's claim \"misleading and cheap blackmail\". Orhii was also", "title": "National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control" }, { "id": "16659559", "text": "Avengers: Age of Ultron Avengers: Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and the eleventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany, Cobie Smulders, Anthony Mackie, Hayley Atwell, Idris Elba, Stellan Skarsgård,", "title": "Avengers: Age of Ultron" }, { "id": "20254696", "text": "Arnáez Vadillo, appointed in February 2017. Former Directors have been Ismael Crespo Martínez (founder, 2002-2004), Francisco Marcellán (2004-2006), Gemma Rauret (2006-2009), Zulima Fernández Rodríguez (2009-2012), and Rafael van Grieken Salvador (2012-2016). The governing statutes lay down that the Director shall be appointed for a four-year term by the Governing Council on the instance of the Minister of Education, Social Policy and Sport. The structure of the agency is: The governing council is the corporate governing body responsible for controlling and monitoring ANECA's activities, and for maintaining stakeholders in higher education informed of these, as provided for in the Statutes and", "title": "National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation" }, { "id": "487355", "text": "600 weather stations. Since October 25, 2017 Timothy Gallaudet, Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, has served as acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere at the US Department of Commerce and NOAA's interim administrator. Gallaudet succeeded Benjamin Friedman, who served as NOAA's interim administrator since the end of the Obama Administration on January 20, 2017. In October 2017, Barry Lee Myers, CEO of AccuWeather, was proposed to be the agency's administrator by the Trump Administration. NOAA works toward its mission through six major line offices, the National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS), the", "title": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" }, { "id": "5403195", "text": "the Secretary of Defense’s Distinguished Service Award in 1996. She also received the League of Women Voters-Bay Area Chapter's Women of the Year Award in 2011. Sullivan lives in Washington, DC. Farallon Capital Management<br> Tom Steyer Margaret Sullivan Margaret C. Sullivan (born 1962) serves as the U.S. Agency for International Development's (USAID) Chief Operating Officer as well as Chief of Staff. Prior to joining the Obama Administration, she served as Director of Political Risk Management at Farallon Capital Management., a large investment firm based in San Francisco, California. Sullivan began her federal career on Capitol Hill, where she served as", "title": "Margaret Sullivan" }, { "id": "9353335", "text": "Akunyili Dead From Cancer At Age 59\" Dora Akunyili Dora Nkem Akunyili was the Director General of National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) of Nigeria. She was born in Markurdi, Benue State on July 14, 1954 to Chief and Mrs. Paul Young Edemobi. She became the Nigerian Minister of Information and Communications from 2008 to 2010. She was a pharmacist and governmental administrator who gained international recognition. She won several awards for her work in pharmacology, public health and human rights. Akunyili ran for election as Senator for Anambra Central for the APGA in April 2011", "title": "Dora Akunyili" }, { "id": "7686535", "text": "paracetamol syrup containing diethylene glycol. The problem of fake drugs was so severe that neighbouring countries such as Ghana and Sierra Leone officially banned the sale of drugs, foods and beverages products made in Nigeria. Such problems led to the establishment of NAFDAC, with the goal of eliminating counterfeit pharmaceuticals, foods and beverages products that are not manufactured in Nigeria and ensuring that available medications are safe and effective. The formation of NAFDAC was inspired by a 1988 World Health Assembly resolution requesting countries' help in combating the global health threat posed by counterfeit pharmaceuticals. In December 1992, NAFDAC's first", "title": "National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control" }, { "id": "6443368", "text": "was pushing for the universal vaccination despite the vaccine's health risks, primarily exaggerate the risk of biological terrorism. RADM W. Craig Vanderwagen, M.D., was sworn into office on March 27, 2007 as the first Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response and recently retired. RADM Nicole Lurie, MD, MSPH served as the ASPR until January 20, 2017. Dr. George Korch currently serves as the Acting Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services The United States National Response Framework (NRF) is part of the National Strategy for Homeland Security that presents the guiding principles", "title": "Public Health Emergency Preparedness" }, { "id": "9674673", "text": "the Wafa Kidney Center in Namas and was renamed after the death of Fahd bin Salman. His father, Salman bin Abdulaziz, serves as its chairman, and his brother, Abdulaziz bin Salman, is its current secretary general. His wife was Nuf bint Khalid bin Abdallah Al Saud (born 1962), a first cousin of his through his paternal aunt Al Jawhara bint Abdulaziz and her husband Khalid ibn Abdullah. Fahd bin Salman's children are Sultan, Sarah, Ahmad and Rima. One of his daughters, Princess Sarah, married Talal bin Abdulaziz, a grandson of Bandar bin Abdulaziz on 26 May 2011. Their marriage ceremony", "title": "Fahd bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud" }, { "id": "2741052", "text": "to head the agency on a permanent basis. On January 12, 2017, Bolden announced his resignation from NASA during a town hall meeting at NASA Headquarters in Washington D.C. His last day would be January 19, and Robert M. Lightfoot Jr. was announced as acting NASA Administrator. Bolden graduated from C. A. Johnson High School in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1964. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Science from the United States Naval Academy in 1968, where he was a contemporary of future Marine officers Oliver North, Jim Webb and Michael Hagee and future Chief of Naval", "title": "Charles Bolden" }, { "id": "5478984", "text": "Reed Diamond Reed Edward Diamond (born July 20, 1967) is an American actor. He is best known for the roles of Det. Mike Kellerman on \"\", in season 8 of \"24\", and recurring character Laurence Dominic on \"Dollhouse\". He also appeared in \"The Shield\", \"Journeyman\", \"Bones\", \"The Mentalist\", \"Franklin & Bash\", \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" and \"Underground\". He currently has a recurring role on \"Designated Survivor\" as John Foerstel, Director of the FBI. Diamond was born in Brooklyn, the son of Allison, an astrologer, and Bob Diamond, a stage manager and director of shows such as \"The Joe Franklin Show\". He", "title": "Reed Diamond" }, { "id": "18212629", "text": "to campaign issues until the permanent deputy attorney general, Rod J. Rosenstein, was confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn into office which took place on April 25, 2017. On October 27, 2017 Boente announced his intention to resign as U.S. Attorney and as acting assistant attorney general for the National Security Division; he said he would remain in the positions until a replacement is confirmed. On January 23, 2018, Boente was named general counsel to the FBI by the director Christopher Wray, filling the vacancy after James Baker's reassignment to another part of the bureau. On April 11,", "title": "Dana Boente" }, { "id": "18366485", "text": "to be released on April 26, 2019, with the Russos returning to direct, and Markus and McFeely once again writing the screenplay. Avengers: Infinity War Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and 2015's \"\", and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey", "title": "Avengers: Infinity War" }, { "id": "10557227", "text": "Eric Hargan Eric David Hargan (born June 3, 1968) is an American lawyer and government official who served as the United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services from October 6, 2017 to January 29, 2018. A member of the Republican Party, Hargan previously acted in this role in 2007 under the George W. Bush administration. On October 10, 2017, President Donald Trump appointed Hargan as acting United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, which he held until January 29, 2018, when Alex Azar assumed the office. Hargan was born in 1968 and raised in Mounds, Illinois. He", "title": "Eric Hargan" }, { "id": "20312735", "text": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In October 2017, Wheeler was nominated by President Donald Trump, renominated in January 2018 and confirmed as Deputy Administrator of the EPA in April 2018. On July 9, 2018, Wheeler became the Acting Administrator after the resignation of Scott Pruitt. On November 16, 2018, President Trump announced he would nominate Wheeler to serve as the EPA's permanent administrator. Wheeler was born in Hamilton, Ohio on December 23, 1964. In 1987 he obtained a Bachelor of Arts in English and biology from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio and a Juris Doctor from the Washington", "title": "Andrew R. Wheeler" }, { "id": "7686541", "text": "herbal gin accreditation, knowing that Nigerians who had been patronizing them will desist once they are not accredited by the agency. The bribes amount to millions of Naira.\"Guinness was back in the NAFDAC glare in 2016. Having been fined about ₦1 billion in November 2015 for allegedly re-validating and using expired raw materials without prior approval, the multinational brewer responded with a lawsuit, which was quietly dropped in March 2016. NAFDAC ensures it maintains very close contact with a number of national and international organizations whose activities relate to the functions of NAFDAC. Such Organizations include the following. In order", "title": "National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control" }, { "id": "18707874", "text": "Stephen Ostroff Stephen Ostroff is an American physician. He served as acting commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration from April 1, 2015, to February 21, 2016. Ostroff is a 1981 graduate of the University of Pennsylvania of Medicine. He completed residencies in internal medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and in preventive medicine at Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). He worked at the CDC, the US Public Health Service, and at the Bureau of Epidemiology of Pennsylvania. In 2013, Ostroff joined the FDA as chief medical officer in the Center for Food Safety", "title": "Stephen Ostroff" }, { "id": "19810142", "text": "Andrew McCabe Andrew George McCabe (born March 18, 1968) is a retired American attorney who served as the Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from February 2016 to January 2018. From May 9, 2017 to August 2, 2017, McCabe served as the Acting Director of the FBI following James Comey's dismissal by President Donald Trump. U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions stated that McCabe was one of several candidates under consideration for Director. President Trump ultimately chose Christopher A. Wray, the former Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department's Criminal Division, to succeed Comey. Once Wray was sworn in,", "title": "Andrew McCabe" }, { "id": "17689564", "text": "Robert Piper Robert Piper (born 1966) is an Australian development aid coordinator for the United Nations. Since March 2018, he has been acting as a United Nations Assistant Secretary-General and Director of External Relations and Advocacy in the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). He is currently based in New York with his wife, Maggie, and four children, Martha, Jack, Finbar and Hamish. Born in Canberra, Piper studied arts (majoring in political science) at the Australian National University. During his studies, he was an accomplished street performer, and together with friends Richard Fidler and Tim Ferguson, formed a comedy busking trio", "title": "Robert Piper" }, { "id": "20734776", "text": "Mark Tatum Mark A. Tatum is an American sports and business executive who is currently serving as the incumbent Deputy Commissioner of the National Basketball Association under Adam Silver. Additionally, Tatum also currently holds the position of the NBA's Chief Operating Officer. For his work in these capacities, Forbes has ranked him at #8 on its list of \"Most Influential Minorities in Sports\". Mark Tatum attended Cornell University, where he played collegiate baseball for the Big Red. He graduated in 1991 and earned a bachelor's degree in business management and marketing from CU. He also graduated from Harvard Business School", "title": "Mark Tatum" }, { "id": "19433799", "text": "Roderick Allison Roderick \"Rod\" Allison is the Acting Deputy Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration and Director of the Federal Air Marshal Service. Allison received a Bachelor of Science in Psychology from Fayetteville State University in Fayetteville, North Carolina. He attended graduate school at Webster University's St. Louis, Missouri campus, earning a Master of Arts in Business and Organizational Security Management. He has also attended executive development courses at Duke University, Harvard University, and the Federal Executive Institute. Allison began his career in 1985 in the United States Army, serving for 13 years. His service included assignments with the National", "title": "Roderick Allison" }, { "id": "153669", "text": "President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Commissioner reports to the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Scott Gottlieb, M.D. is the current commissioner, who took over in May 2017. The FDA has its headquarters in unincorporated White Oak, Maryland. The agency also has 223 field offices and 13 laboratories located throughout the 50 states, the United States Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. In 2008, the FDA began to post employees to foreign countries, including China, India, Costa Rica, Chile, Belgium, and the United Kingdom. In recent years, the agency began undertaking a large-scale effort to consolidate", "title": "Food and Drug Administration" }, { "id": "19404590", "text": "James Cole Jr. James Cole Jr. is an American politician who served as the acting Deputy Secretary of Education from 2016 to 2017, serving under the Obama administration. Cole received his Bachelor of Science in finance with honors from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and his Juris Doctor from the University of Chicago Law School, where he served as a comment editor of the University of Chicago Law School Roundtable. On June 10, 2013 President Barack Obama nominated Cole as General Counsel. He was then confirmed by the Senate as the Department's general counsel in December 2014. Delegated the", "title": "James Cole Jr." }, { "id": "547309", "text": "Health and Director of the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, as acting Secretary until Deputy Secretary Eric Hargan was sworn in on October 10, 2017. On November 13, 2017, Trump nominated former pharmaceutical executive Alex Azar to fill the position permanently. Azar's confirmation hearing before the Senate Finance Committee took place on January 9, 2018, and on January 24, 2018, Azar was confirmed by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 55 to 43. Azar was sworn in on January 29, 2018. The duties of the secretary revolve around human conditions and concerns in the United States. This", "title": "United States Secretary of Health and Human Services" }, { "id": "5678005", "text": "Naval Air Systems Command The Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) provides material support for aircraft and airborne weapon systems for the United States Navy. It is one of the various Navy systems commands, and was established in 1966 as the successor to the Navy's Bureau of Naval Weapons. NAVAIR is headquartered in Patuxent River, Md., with military and civilian personnel stationed at eight locations across the continental United States and one site overseas. The current commander as of 31 May 2018 is Vice Admiral G. Dean Peters. The vice commander is Rear Admiral (Lower Half) (Sel) John S. Lemmon. The", "title": "Naval Air Systems Command" }, { "id": "20364955", "text": "Don J. Wright Don J. Wright is an American physician and government official. Wright served as the acting United States Secretary of Health and Human Services for twelve days in 2017. He was designated by President Donald Trump after his predecessor, Tom Price, resigned on September 29, 2017, amid a charter-flight scandal. Wright was replaced as acting Secretary by newly-confirmed Deputy Secretary Eric Hargan on October 10, 2017. Wright received his undergraduate degree from Texas Tech University and his medical degree from the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. He completed his family medicine residency training at Baylor College", "title": "Don J. Wright" }, { "id": "1702773", "text": "Stackley served as acting Secretary of the Navy, following Mabus' departure in January 2017. In August 2017, Richard V. Spencer was sworn in as the next Secretary. He was Chairman and CEO of Foamex International and helped lead it out of bankruptcy. Ray Mabus serves as a Google Ventures Advisor. Mabus has been awarded the U.S. Department of Defense Distinguished Public Service Award, the U.S. Army's Distinguished Civilian Service Award, the Martin Luther King Social Responsibility Award from the King Center in Atlanta, the National Wildlife Federation Conservation Achievement Award, the King Abdul Aziz Award from the Kingdom of Saudi", "title": "Ray Mabus" }, { "id": "8925131", "text": "been denied entry. It directs the Secretary of HHS and the Secretary of Agriculture to coordinate the surveillance of zoonotic diseases. It authorizes the Secretary to commission employees of other federal departments or agencies, pursuant to a memorandum of understanding between the Secretary and the head of the other department or agency to conduct examinations and inspections for the Secretary under the FFDCA. It amends the FFDCA to mandate electronic annual registration of foreign manufacturers and importers of drug and device products into United States. It mandates a chain of custody for those entities that seek to import components of", "title": "Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act" }, { "id": "17300208", "text": "and Prevention (CDC). In 2010, the CDC awarded a four-year cooperative agreement to NOFAS to increase FASD support services. Tom Donaldson serves as director of NOFAS. He has been interviewed for \"the Chicago Tribune\". Kathy Mitchell serves as vice president and national spokesperson. Ms. Mitchell has written about FASD for The Partnership at Drugfree.org. The NOFAS Advisory Board includes many prominent supporters, including U.S. Senators Lisa Murkowski, John McCain, Orrin Hatch, and Tom Coburn, FASD experts Sterling Clarren, Kenneth Jones, and Philip May, TV producer Neal Baer, and others. NOFAS takes the position that no amount of alcohol is safe", "title": "National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome" }, { "id": "2133069", "text": "organized in 1985. Although ATSDR is an independent operating agency within the Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) performs many of its administrative functions. The CDC director also serves as the ATSDR administrator, and ATSDR has a joint Office of the Director with the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH). The ATSDR headquarters are located in Atlanta, Georgia, at the CDC Chamblee campus. In fiscal year 2010, ATSDR had an operating budget of $76.8 million and had roughly 300 full-time employees (not including contractors). ATSDR is an agency within the US Department", "title": "Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry" }, { "id": "18212623", "text": "Dana Boente Dana James Boente ( ; born February 7, 1954) is the former United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia. He also served as acting assistant attorney general for the National Security Division of the United States Department of Justice. On October 27, 2017, Boente announced he would resign from the Department of Justice after a successor is in place. On January 23, 2018, Boente was named general counsel to the FBI by the director Christopher A. Wray, filling the vacancy after James Baker's reassignment to another part of the bureau. Boente was born in Carlinville, Illinois", "title": "Dana Boente" }, { "id": "2133075", "text": "ATSDR administrator and CDC director since March 26, 2018. Patrick N. Breysse, PhD. has been director of NCEH/ATSDR since December 2014. The ATSDR administrator, who provides overall leadership of the agency, is appointed by the president of the United States, and the appointment does not require Senate approval. The ATSDR administrator appoints the NCEH/ATSDR director, who is responsible for managing the agency's programs and activities. \"*Joint with NCEH\" The Division of Community Health Investigations manages an office in Washington, D.C., as well as offices in each of the 10 EPA regions: The regional offices work cooperatively with EPA, state and", "title": "Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry" }, { "id": "12608028", "text": "he made to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary during his confirmation process. On November 7, 2018, Trump transferred command of this oversight to acting US Attorney General Matthew Whitaker. Rod J. Rosenstein was born in Philadelphia on January 13, 1965, to Robert, who ran a small business, and Gerri Rosenstein, a bookkeeper and school board president. He grew up in Lower Moreland Township, Pennsylvania. He has one sister, Dr. Nancy Messonnier, director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rosenstein attended the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania,", "title": "Rod Rosenstein" }, { "id": "17347116", "text": "is looming larger. Bruntland has moved quickly to revitalize top management, mostly from outside the organization, including from the private sector. She also strengthened country offices and to make the regional offices more responsive to central direction. WHO is increasing its focus on the fight against resurgent malaria, while a better-funded EMC is expanding efforts to establish a global surveillance and response system in cooperation with UNAIDS, UNICEF, and national entities such as the U.S. CDC, the U.S. DoD, and France's Pasteur Institute. Margaret Chan, the current Director-General, is still being assessed; there were questions about her performance as chief", "title": "National Intelligence Assessments on Infectious Diseases" }, { "id": "16749358", "text": "AM Vice Patrons Mr James Pitt Hon Commander Lance Batchelor RNR President Admiral Sir Jonathon Band GCB DL Vice-Presidents Lieutenant General Sir Robert Fulton KBE Vice Admiral Sir Alan Massey KCB CBE Sir John Parker GBE FREng Chairman Bill Thomas Vice Chairman Commodore Annette Picton Royal Navy Trustees WO1 MEM(SM) Gary Nicolson MBE Honorary Captain Stephen Watson Royal Navy Reserve Captain James Parkin Royal Navy Ms Oona Muirhead CBE Ms Jenny Rowe CB Sub Lt Harriet Delbridge RN Mr Mark Dowie Mr Mark Lewthwaite Mr Jamie Webb Mr Rod Birkett Colonel Mike Tanner Mr William John Stocks RNRMC RNRMC (full", "title": "RNRMC" }, { "id": "13430523", "text": "Sean Stackley Sean Gerard Joseph Stackley (born August 7, 1957) is an American engineer and former naval officer who served as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development and Acquisition from July 2008 to August 3, 2017. He also served as the acting Secretary of the Navy from January 20 to August 3, 2017. Currently L-3 Technologies SVP and President, Communications & Networked Systems Segment. (Sept. 2018) Prior to his appointment to ASN (RDA), Stackley served as a professional staff member of the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services. During his tenure with the committee, he was", "title": "Sean Stackley" }, { "id": "487353", "text": "Corps. Since October 2017, NOAA has been headed by Timothy Gallaudet, as acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA interim administrator. NOAA plays several specific roles in society, the benefits of which extend beyond the US economy and into the larger global community: The five \"fundamental activities\" are: NOAA traces its history back to multiple agencies, some of which were among the oldest in the federal government: Another direct predecessor of NOAA was the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), into which several existing scientific agencies such as the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Weather", "title": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" }, { "id": "10364543", "text": "Director-General of Security The Director-General of Security is the executive officer of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO), Australia's national security agency. The Director-General, through ASIO, has overall responsibility for the protection of the country and its citizens from espionage, sabotage (especially sabotage of critical infrastructure), politically motivated violence, attacks on the Australian defence system, terrorism and acts of foreign interference. The Director-General is assisted by two Deputy Directors-General, although only one of the former Deputies, David Fricker, has been publicly identified. David Fricker left ASIO in 2011. The Director-General is subject to the directions of the Attorney-General, although convention", "title": "Director-General of Security" }, { "id": "6775802", "text": "Susan Y. Desjardins Major General Susan Y. Desjardins is the Director, Plans and Policy (J5), Headquarters U.S. Strategic Command, Offutt Air Force Base, Neb. Desjardins graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1980. She holds a master's degree in industrial psychology from Louisiana Tech University, and a master's degree in national security and strategic studies from the Naval Command and Staff College. She graduated from the Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, in 1997 and from the General Manager Program at the Harvard Business School, Harvard University in 2004. Desjardins has held a variety of", "title": "Susan Y. Desjardins" }, { "id": "8391205", "text": "Matthew Whitaker (attorney) Matthew George Whitaker (born October 29, 1969) is an American lawyer and politician and the current Acting United States Attorney General. He was appointed by President Donald Trump on November 7, 2018, after Jeff Sessions resigned at Trump's request. Whitaker previously served as Chief of Staff to Sessions from September 2017 to November 2018. Trump announced his nomination of William P. Barr for Attorney General on December 7, 2018, leaving Whitaker's future at the Department of Justice in doubt. In 2002, Whitaker was the candidate of the Republican Party for Treasurer of Iowa. From 2004 to 2009", "title": "Matthew Whitaker (attorney)" }, { "id": "17884548", "text": "Mark Lowcock Sir Mark Andrew Lowcock (born 25 July 1962) is the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator and the Head of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Prior to his appointment by United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres on the 12 May 2017, Lowcock was the Permanent Secretary of the Department for International Development (DFID) from June 2011 to September 2017. Lowcock attended Culford School in Suffolk before attending Oxford University, where he graduated with a degree in Economics and History. He was later awarded a Master’s degree in Economics from Birkbeck", "title": "Mark Lowcock" }, { "id": "20233730", "text": "is still ongoing. Task Force Bangon Marawi is an inter-agency task force with its members affiliated to several executive departments. The creation of the task force was made known to the media on July 3, 2017. Administrative Order no. 9 dated October 27, 2017 designated the Chairman of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council as the chairperson of the task force replacing the Secretary of National Defense who became the vice-chairman along with the Secretary of Public Works and Highways. Source: Task Force Bangon Marawi Task Force Bangon Marawi () is a government inter-agency task force group organized to", "title": "Task Force Bangon Marawi" }, { "id": "4872881", "text": "options for hosting the NGC ]; should that happen, it will return to the web. Gopal Khanna, MBA was appointed as Agency director on May 9, 2017. Prior to that, Dr. Andrew Bindman was the director of AHRQ from April 2016 until January 2017. Prior to joining AHRQ, Dr. Bindman served as faculty of UCSF School of Medicine. Sharon Arnold Ph.D. was acting director from February - April 2016, replacing Richard Kronick in February 2016. Richard Kronick, Ph.D. was director from 2013 to March 2016. Carolyn Clancy M.D. was the director from 2002- 2014. The Agency has multiple offices and", "title": "Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality" }, { "id": "687780", "text": "United States Cabinet appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. The Secretary is assisted in managing the Department by the Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services, who is also appointed by the President. The Secretary and Deputy Secretary are further assisted by seven Assistant Secretaries, who serve as top Departmental administrators. As of Jan. 20, 2018, this is the top level of the organizational chart. HHS provides further organizational detail on its website. Several agencies within HHS are components of the Public Health Service (PHS), as noted below. The Office", "title": "United States Department of Health and Human Services" }, { "id": "20332965", "text": "Anthony Kurta Anthony Kurta is a retired United States Navy Rear Admiral and government official. Having served as the Acting Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness for most of 2017, he is President Donald Trump's nominee to become Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness. Kurta previously served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy and Director of Navy Flag Officer Management and Development. Kurta served 32 years on active duty as a Navy Surface Warfare Officer, during which time he commanded the USS Sentry (MCM-3), USS Guardian (MCM-5), USS Warrior (MCM-10),", "title": "Anthony Kurta" }, { "id": "17816897", "text": "NSA Inspector General Act of 2013 The NSA Inspector General Act is a proposed bill introduced by Mark Sanford on October 30, 2013. It would \"require the Director of the National Security Agency and the Inspector General of the National Security Agency to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate\". The bill was authored in light of the Global Surveillance Disclosures of 2013. Currently, the Inspector General is appointed by the Director of the NSA. Supporters of the bill argue that this arrangement \"curbs their oversight effectiveness because the Director can remove", "title": "NSA Inspector General Act of 2013" }, { "id": "10947572", "text": "United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services The Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services (formerly the Under Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1953–1979, and the Under Secretary of Health and Human Services, 1979–1990) is the chief operating officer of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The Deputy Secretary oversees all operations within the Department, including overseeing Medicare, Medicaid, public health, medical research, food and drug safety, welfare, child and family services, disease prevention, Indian health, and mental health services. The incumbent Deputy Secretary is Eric Hargan. The Deputy Secretary is also the Regulatory", "title": "United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services" }, { "id": "16078596", "text": "Kenneth E. Melson Kenneth E. Melson is the former acting director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) in the United States. He was appointed to this post by Attorney General Eric Holder in 2009. He resigned as head of the ATF in the aftermath of the ATF gunwalking scandal and was replaced by B. Todd Jones, a former Marine who has twice served as the U.S. attorney in Minnesota. Previously, Melson was appointed by Attorney General Alberto Gonzales as Director of the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA) at the Department of Justice effective on", "title": "Kenneth E. Melson" }, { "id": "13168502", "text": "Mary Wakefield Mary Wakefield (born August 12, 1954) is an American nurse and health care administrator, who served in the Obama administration as acting United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2015 to 2017, and as head of the Health Resources and Services Administration from 2009 to 2015. Wakefield was born in Devils Lake, North Dakota in 1954. She completed a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from the University of Mary in Bismarck, North Dakota in 1976, and completed a Master of Science degree in 1978 and a PhD in 1985, in nursing at the University of", "title": "Mary Wakefield" }, { "id": "19996739", "text": "Nicholas Rasmussen Nicholas J. Rasmussen was the Director of the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), a United States government organization. He was sworn in on December 18, 2014 and was replaced by Russell Travers on December 24, 2017 Rasmussen received a B.A. degree with high honors from the College of Social Studies at Wesleyan University and was awarded a Masters in Public and International Affairs from the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton University. He joined the Department of State in 1991 as a Presidential Management Intern in the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs and for more than a decade served in a", "title": "Nicholas Rasmussen" }, { "id": "687773", "text": "advice and consent of the Senate. The United States Public Health Service (PHS) is the main division of the HHS and is led by the Assistant Secretary for Health. The current Secretary, Alex Azar, assumed office on January 29, 2018, upon his appointment by President Trump and confirmation by the Senate. The United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the uniformed service of the PHS, is led by the Surgeon General who is responsible for addressing matters concerning public health as authorized by the Secretary or by the Assistant Secretary of Health in addition to his or her primary mission", "title": "United States Department of Health and Human Services" }, { "id": "2973819", "text": "President regarding changes in the organization, management, budgeting, and personnel of federal agencies that affect U.S. anti-drug efforts; and regarding federal agency compliance with their obligations under the National Drug Control Strategy, an annual report required by law. The most recent director is Michael Botticelli, who took over from former director Gil Kerlikowske in March 2014, but departed the role in January 2017. The Fiscal Year 2011 National Drug Control Budget proposed by the Obama Administration would devote significant new resources to the prevention and treatment of drug abuse. These resources are complemented by an aggressive effort to enhance domestic", "title": "Office of National Drug Control Policy" }, { "id": "547310", "text": "includes advising the president on matters of health, welfare, and income security programs. The Secretary strives to administer the Department of Health and Human Services to carry out approved programs and make the public aware of the objectives of the department. The was reorganized into a Department of Education and a Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS). The Department of Health and Human Services oversees 11 agencies including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Disease Control (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Administration for Children and Families (ACF) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).", "title": "United States Secretary of Health and Human Services" }, { "id": "16285246", "text": "David L. Heymann from Chatham House. In 2018, she was appointed by WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom to serve on the Independent High-level Commission on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), co-chaired by President Tabaré Vázquez of Uruguay; President Maithripala Sirisena of Sri Lanka; President Sauli Niinistö of Finland; Veronika Skvortsova, Minister of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; and Sania Nishtar, former Federal Minister of Pakistan. Kickbusch was also involved in the formulation of the Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World in 2005, and served on the advisory group for the World Conference on Social Determinants of Health 2011. She", "title": "Ilona Kickbusch" }, { "id": "5478989", "text": "to actress Marnie McPhail. Reed Diamond Reed Edward Diamond (born July 20, 1967) is an American actor. He is best known for the roles of Det. Mike Kellerman on \"\", in season 8 of \"24\", and recurring character Laurence Dominic on \"Dollhouse\". He also appeared in \"The Shield\", \"Journeyman\", \"Bones\", \"The Mentalist\", \"Franklin & Bash\", \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" and \"Underground\". He currently has a recurring role on \"Designated Survivor\" as John Foerstel, Director of the FBI. Diamond was born in Brooklyn, the son of Allison, an astrologer, and Bob Diamond, a stage manager and director of shows such as \"The", "title": "Reed Diamond" }, { "id": "15426438", "text": "Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are the co-chairs. Other agencies include the Coast Guard, Environmental Protection Agency, Army Corps of Engineers, Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the National Park Service. FWS provides an Executive Secretary who is essentially the leader of the Task Force, responsible for not only issuing guidelines and regulations, but also for maintaining records and submitting reports to Congress. The overarching role of the Task Force is to coordinate efforts among the various agencies to achieve NISA goals, which, in addition to earlier stated activities, include supporting individual", "title": "National Invasive Species Act" }, { "id": "19758385", "text": "Neeraj Pandey’s national award winner film titled Baby), Ghalib Danger (movie adaptation of Neeraj Pandey’s novel) & films helmed by Shivam Nair, Chandra Prakash Dwivedi, Anurag Singh (director), Anvita Dutt Guptan & Shree Narayan Singh. Naam Shabana was released on 31 March 2017. , starring Akshay Kumar and Bhumi Pednekar was released worldwide on 11 August 2017. It is a love story with a satirical flavor directed by Shree Narayan Singh and produced by Aruna Bhatia, Plan C Studios and Abundantia. It is presented by Viacom 18 and KriArj Entertainment. Aiyaary, starring Sidharth Malhotra and Manoj Bajpayee was released on", "title": "Plan C Studios" }, { "id": "18673334", "text": "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame \"\" and \"\" are American superhero films based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. They are the sequels to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012) and \"\" (2015), and serve as the nineteenth and twenty-second films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), respectively. Both films are directed by Anthony and Joe Russo from screenplays by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and feature an ensemble cast composed of many previous MCU actors. Development of the films began", "title": "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame" }, { "id": "687786", "text": "governments, and tribal councils. The directors from each regional office are appointed directly by the active president. The follow is a list of who runs each regional office: Region 1: John McGough Region 6: Mervin Turner Region 2: Dennis González Region 7: Jeff Kahrs Region 3: Matt Baker Region 8: Brian Shiozawa Region 4: Renee Ellmers Region 9: Unknown Region 5: Douglas O' Brien Region 10: John R. Graham The Department of Health and Human Services was authorized a budget for fiscal year 2015 of $1.020 trillion. The budget authorization is broken down as follows: The Department of Health and", "title": "United States Department of Health and Human Services" }, { "id": "20239969", "text": "Brenda Fitzgerald Brenda Fitzgerald is an American obstetrician-gynecologist who was the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between July 2017 and January 2018. Previously, she was the Commissioner of the Georgia Department of Public Health from 2011 to 2017. In 1972, Fitzgerald received her Bachelor of Science degree in Microbiology from Georgia State University. She went on to medical school at Emory University, where she graduated in 1977, completed post-graduate training and became an assistant clinical professor. She then joined the United States Air Force, where she served first at Wurtsmith Air Force Base and later", "title": "Brenda Fitzgerald" }, { "id": "17011574", "text": "Richardson was nominated by President Barack Obama to be the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), was confirmed August 5, and began serving as CNO on September 18, 2015. In 2001, Richardson received the James Bond Stockdale Leadership Award. John M. Richardson (admiral) John Michael Richardson (born April 8, 1960) is an admiral in the United States Navy who currently serves as the 31st Chief of Naval Operations. He previously served as the Director of the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program from November 2, 2012 to August 14, 2015. While serving as Director of Naval Nuclear Propulsion (itself a joint Department of", "title": "John M. Richardson (admiral)" }, { "id": "10557231", "text": "and their two sons. Hargan served as a professor at Loyola University Chicago School of Law, teaching healthcare regulations and administrative law. Eric Hargan Eric David Hargan (born June 3, 1968) is an American lawyer and government official who served as the United States Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services from October 6, 2017 to January 29, 2018. A member of the Republican Party, Hargan previously acted in this role in 2007 under the George W. Bush administration. On October 10, 2017, President Donald Trump appointed Hargan as acting United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, which he", "title": "Eric Hargan" }, { "id": "18366417", "text": "title to \"Avengers: Infinity War\". Filming began in January 2017 at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, with a large cast consisting mostly of actors reprising their roles from previous MCU films, including Brolin as Thanos. The production lasted until July 2017, shooting back-to-back with a direct sequel, \"\". Additional filming took place in Scotland, England, the Downtown Atlanta area, and New York City. With an estimated budget in the range of $316–400 million, it is one of the most expensive films ever made. \"Avengers: Infinity War\" held its world premiere on April 23, 2018 in Los Angeles and", "title": "Avengers: Infinity War" }, { "id": "14422422", "text": "As of 2014, NAVAIR and NAVSEA are each led by a Vice Admiral; SPAWAR, NAVFAC, and NAVSUP are each led by a Rear Admiral; and MCSC is led by a Colonel. In addition, the commanders of NAVFAC and NAVSUP are the highest-ranking members of two of the eight Navy staff corps, the Civil Engineer Corps and Supply Corps respectively, while all the other commanders are line officers. Ultimate responsibility for procurement lies with the civilian Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition) in the Department of the Navy through several Program Executive Officers. Each oversees a specific acquisition", "title": "United States Navy systems commands" }, { "id": "2107281", "text": "Jon Favreau Jonathan Kolia Favreau (; born October 19, 1966) is an American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. As an actor, he is known for roles in films such as \"Rudy\" (1993), \"Swingers\" (1996) (which he also wrote), \"Very Bad Things\" (1998), \"The Break-Up\" (2006), \"Friends\" (1994-2004), \"Couples Retreat\" (2009), and \"Chef\" (2014) (which he also directed). He has additionally directed the films \"Elf\" (2003), \"\" (2005), \"Iron Man\" (2008), \"Iron Man 2\" (2010), \"Cowboys & Aliens\" (2011), and \"The Jungle Book\" (2016), and served as an executive producer on \"The Avengers\" (2012), \"Iron Man 3\" (2013), \"\" (2015), \"\"", "title": "Jon Favreau" }, { "id": "17816898", "text": "them.\" Co-sponsors in the House include Paul Broun, Mick Mulvaney, Alan Grayson, Kerry Bentivolio, Tom Rice, Eleanor Holmes Norton, Thomas Massie, Justin Amash, Trey Gowdy, Jeff Duncan Joe Wilson, and James Sensenbrenner. NSA Inspector General Act of 2013 The NSA Inspector General Act is a proposed bill introduced by Mark Sanford on October 30, 2013. It would \"require the Director of the National Security Agency and the Inspector General of the National Security Agency to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate\". The bill was authored in light of the Global Surveillance", "title": "NSA Inspector General Act of 2013" }, { "id": "20381342", "text": "September 11 attacks. She was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 21, 2017 to become an Assistant Secretary of Administration at the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) after being nominated by President Donald Trump in October 2017. Tufts resigned on October 16, 2018. Tufts graduated \"summa cum laude\" with an A.B. in bio-medical ethics from Princeton University in 1977, and received her J.D. in 1982 from the University of Virginia School of Law, where she was awarded a Dillard Fellowship in legal writing and research. Tufts lives in New York with her husband, Bob", "title": "Suzanne Israel Tufts" }, { "id": "21008582", "text": "and the former United States Ebola response coordinator. They have three children. Monica Medina Monica Medina (born 1961) is an American lawyer and environmental activist who served as Principal Deputy Undersecretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, Deputy U.S. Attorney General, General Counsel of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and U.S. Commissioner to the International Whaling Commission. Medina received an Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps scholarship in 1979 and graduated with honors from Columbia University Law School and Georgetown University. Medina began her career in the Army General Counsel’s Office, where she served on active duty in the United", "title": "Monica Medina" }, { "id": "17590017", "text": "Luciana Borio Luciana Borio is an American physician and medical/public health administrator. She currently serves as the Director for Medical and Biodefense Preparedness at the National Security Council. Previously, she served as Acting Chief Scientist of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Assistant Commissioner for Counterterrorism Policy of the FDA, and Director of FDA's Office of Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats. She is known for her work advancing clinical trials, the development of medical countermeasures for health emergencies, and the public health responses to Ebola and Zika outbreaks. Prior to joining FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research in 2008,", "title": "Luciana Borio" }, { "id": "20364957", "text": "Health and Director of the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. He continues in those positions after being replaced as acting Secretary of HHS. Don J. Wright Don J. Wright is an American physician and government official. Wright served as the acting United States Secretary of Health and Human Services for twelve days in 2017. He was designated by President Donald Trump after his predecessor, Tom Price, resigned on September 29, 2017, amid a charter-flight scandal. Wright was replaced as acting Secretary by newly-confirmed Deputy Secretary Eric Hargan on October 10, 2017. Wright received his undergraduate degree from Texas", "title": "Don J. Wright" }, { "id": "17826853", "text": "and the Inspector General of the National Security Agency to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate\". Currently, the Inspector General is appointed by the Director of the NSA. Supporters of the bill argue that this arrangement \"curbs their oversight effectiveness because the Director can remove them.\" The USA Freedom Act (, ) is a U.S. law enacted on June 2, 2015 that restored in modified form several provisions of the Patriot Act, which had expired the day before. The act imposes new limits on the bulk collection of telecommunication metadata on", "title": "Proposed reforms of mass surveillance by the United States" }, { "id": "18673379", "text": "accent he\" used for the Red Skull. Actors expected to return for \"Endgame\" include: Downey, Hemsworth, Ruffalo, Evans, Johansson, Cumberbatch, Cheadle, Holland, Boseman, Bettany, Olsen, Mackie, Stan, Hiddleston, Wong, Klementieff, Gillan, Bautista, Saldana, Cooper, Paltrow, Brolin, Pratt, and Wright. They will be joined by Jeremy Renner as Clint Barton, Evangeline Lilly as Hope van Dyne / Wasp, Favreau as \"Happy\" Hogan, Paul Rudd as Scott Lang / Ant-Man, Brie Larson as Carol Danvers / Captain Marvel, Michelle Pfeiffer as Janet van Dyne, Jeff Goldblum as Grandmaster, Michael Douglas as Hank Pym, and Frank Grillo as Brock Rumlow / Crossbones. Stellan", "title": "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame" }, { "id": "19976719", "text": "Elaine Duke Elaine Costanzo Duke (born June 26, 1958) is an American civil servant and former United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security, serving from April 10, 2017 until April 15, 2018. She became acting Secretary of Homeland Security on July 31, 2017, when John F. Kelly assumed the office of White House Chief of Staff. She left the acting position on December 6, 2017, upon the confirmation of Kirstjen Nielsen. The daughter of Francesco (Frank) Costanzo Duke and Concetta Scherma, Duke is a native of Ohio. Her maternal grandparents (Scherma) emigrated from Aidone, Sicily and her Costanzo family roots", "title": "Elaine Duke" }, { "id": "19968602", "text": "bachelor's degree from Rider University. Craig Clemmensen Craig T. Clemmensen is the Director of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development's Departmental Enforcement Center, and was the Acting Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from late January to early March 2017 during the transition of the Trump Administration. He has worked in the Department of Housing and Urban Development since 1998, initially as part of the management team that established the Departmental Enforcement Center. He moved to the Federal Housing Administration Office of Housing in 2002, and then returned to the Departmental Enforcement Center as its director in", "title": "Craig Clemmensen" }, { "id": "18217953", "text": "Aquaman (film) Aquaman is a 2018 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the sixth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by James Wan, with a screenplay by David Leslie Johnson-McGoldrick and Will Beall, from a story by Geoff Johns, Wan and Beall, it stars Jason Momoa as the title character, with Amber Heard, Willem Dafoe, Patrick Wilson, Dolph Lundgren, Yahya Abdul-Mateen II, and Nicole Kidman in supporting roles. It is the third live-action theatrical film featuring Aquaman, following \"\" (2016) and \"Justice League\" (2017),", "title": "Aquaman (film)" }, { "id": "19404593", "text": "York City, where, in 2004, he became a partner in the corporate department. He has advised a broad range of public and private companies in a variety of industries in the United States and around the world. Prior to joining Wachtell, Lipton, Cole clerked for Judge Stephanie K. Seymour of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. James Cole Jr. James Cole Jr. is an American politician who served as the acting Deputy Secretary of Education from 2016 to 2017, serving under the Obama administration. Cole received his Bachelor of Science in finance with honors from the", "title": "James Cole Jr." }, { "id": "16913450", "text": "Attorney General of the United States. The Associate Attorney General is the third highest ranking official at the Department of Justice, and oversees virtually all non-criminal matters. Jesse Panuccio Jesse Michael Panuccio (born November 1, 1980) is the acting Associate Attorney General of the United States. He previously served as general counsel to Governor Rick Scott of Florida and as the executive director of the Florida Department of Economic Opportunity. Panuccio received a B.A. from Duke University, and a J.D. from Harvard Law School \"magna cum laude\" in 2006. Panuccio is a member of the Florida and District of Columbia", "title": "Jesse Panuccio" }, { "id": "16208900", "text": "Sandra Finan Sandra E. Finan is the Deputy Chief Information Officer for Command, Control, Communications and Computers (C4) and Information Infrastructure Capabilities, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Pentagon, Washington D.C. Finan entered the Air National Guard in 1982 as an enlisted cryptographic equipment repairperson. She received her Air Force commission in 1985 as a distinguished graduate through Officer Training School. During her career, Finan has served in a variety of space and missile assignments in missile crew operations; training and evaluations; satellite command and control; and satellite operations. She has held staff assignments as executive assistant to the Director", "title": "Sandra Finan" }, { "id": "18673401", "text": "3,000 visual effects shots. Production of Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame \"\" and \"\" are American superhero films based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. They are the sequels to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012) and \"\" (2015), and serve as the nineteenth and twenty-second films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), respectively. Both films are directed by Anthony and Joe Russo from screenplays by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and feature an ensemble cast composed of many previous MCU actors. Development", "title": "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame" }, { "id": "441078", "text": "retired Vice Admiral Harvey E. Johnson, Jr. served as Deputy Administrator and Chief Operating Officer of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) under President George W. Bush. Rear Admiral Stephen W. Rochon was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve as the Director of the Executive Residence and White House Chief Usher, beginning service on 12 March 2007, and continued to serve in the same capacity under President Barack Obama. Two Coast Guard aviators, Commander Bruce E. Melnick and Captain Daniel C. Burbank, have served as NASA astronauts. Signalman First Class Douglas Albert Munro was awarded the Medal of", "title": "United States Coast Guard" }, { "id": "20716121", "text": "Julie Okah-Donli Julie Okah-Donli (born 30 December 1966) is a Nigerian lawyer, chartered secretary and administrator, who serves as the Director General of the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP), an agency established by the Federal Government of Nigeria in 2003 to tackle human trafficking and other related matters. She is the founder of the Julie Donli Kidney Foundation, an NGO that supports people with kidney disease. Julie Okah-Donli was born on 30 December 1966 to the family of Mr. and Mrs. Okah; she comes from Bayelsa State, Nigeria. She obtained a Diploma in Law and", "title": "Julie Okah-Donli" }, { "id": "16561368", "text": "career member of the Senior Service for more than 20 years. He is highly decorated and has been recognized with numerous awards throughout his career for his strong program and management skills. Ambassador Todd is married to Ann Buckingham-Todd and has four children. He holds a B.S. from Longwood College and is also a Certified Public Accountant, licensed in the State of Virginia. William E. Todd William Edward \"Bill\" Todd (born 1961) was appointed in February 2018 as Deputy Under Secretary for Management. He also serves as the Acting Under Secretary of State for Management and the Acting Director General", "title": "William E. Todd" }, { "id": "18112520", "text": "career public administrator, he was appointed director of the federal agency on December 21, 2011 by Attorney General Eric Holder, and is the eighth director since the BOP's establishment in 1930. Samuels was born on June 7, 1966 in Birmingham, Alabama at Lloyd Noland Hospital to Gwendolyn and Charles E. Samuels Sr. He grew up in Forestdale, Alabama with two siblings, Camise and Crystal. He attended Minor High School in Adamsville before transferring and graduating early from Ensley High School. Samuels earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice from the University of Alabama at Birmingham's College of Social", "title": "Charles E. Samuels Jr." }, { "id": "16659634", "text": "of the cast returns for \"Infinity War\" with additional cast and characters joining from other MCU films. Avengers: Age of Ultron Avengers: Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and the eleventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don", "title": "Avengers: Age of Ultron" } ]

[ "six months" ]

[ { "id": "4910592", "text": "Deciduous teeth Deciduous teeth, commonly known as milk teeth, baby teeth and temporary teeth, are the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and other diphyodont mammals. They develop during the embryonic stage of development and erupt—that is, they become visible in the mouth—during infancy. They are usually lost and replaced by permanent teeth, but in the absence of permanent replacements, they can remain functional for many years. Primary teeth start to form during the embryo phase of human life. The development of primary teeth starts at the sixth week of tooth development as the dental lamina.", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "4910593", "text": "This process starts at the midline and then spreads back into the posterior region. By the time the embryo is eight weeks old, there are ten buds on the upper and lower arches that will eventually become the primary (deciduous) dentition. These teeth will continue to form until they erupt in the mouth. In the primary dentition there are a total of twenty teeth: five per quadrant and ten per arch. The eruption of these teeth (\"teething\") begins at the age of six months and continues until twenty-five to thirty-three months of age during the primary dentition period. Usually, the", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "4910594", "text": "first teeth seen in the mouth are the mandibular centrals and the last are the maxillary second molars. The primary teeth are made up of central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, first molars, and secondary molars; there is one in each quadrant, making a total of four of each tooth. All of these are gradually replaced with a permanent counterpart except for the primary first and second molars; they are replaced by premolars. The replacement of primary teeth begins around age six, when the permanent teeth start to appear in the mouth, resulting in mixed dentition. The erupting permanent teeth cause", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "3578261", "text": "Teething Teething is the process by which an infant's first teeth (the deciduous teeth, often called \"baby teeth\" or \"milk teeth\") sequentially appear by emerging through the gums, typically arriving in pairs. The mandibular central incisors are the first primary teeth to erupt, usually between 6 and 10 months of age. It can take several years for all 20 teeth to complete the tooth eruption. Though the process of teething is sometimes referred to as \"cutting teeth\", when teeth emerge through the gums they do not cut through the flesh. Instead, hormones are released within the body that cause some", "title": "Teething" }, { "id": "14142323", "text": "for chewing and grinding. Carnivores, on the other hand, have canine teeth to kill prey and to tear meat. Mammals, in general, are diphyodont, meaning that they develop two sets of teeth. In humans, the first set (the \"baby,\" \"milk,\" \"primary\" or \"deciduous\" set) normally starts to appear at about six months of age, although some babies are born with one or more visible teeth, known as neonatal teeth. Normal tooth eruption at about six months is known as teething and can be painful. Kangaroos, elephants, and manatees are unusual among mammals because they are polyphyodonts. In Aardvarks, teeth lack", "title": "Tooth" }, { "id": "9567413", "text": "Tooth eruption Tooth eruption is a process in tooth development in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible. It is currently believed that the periodontal ligament plays an important role in tooth eruption. The first human teeth to appear, the deciduous (primary) teeth (also known as baby or milk teeth), erupt into the mouth from around 6 months until 2 years of age, in a process known as \"teething\". These teeth are the only ones in the mouth until a person is about 6 years old creating the primary dentition stage. At that time, the first permanent tooth", "title": "Tooth eruption" }, { "id": "4910596", "text": "to develop. Teething age of primary teeth: Primary teeth are essential in the development of the mouth. The primary teeth maintain the arch length within the jaw, the bone and the permanent teeth replacements develop from the same tooth germs as the primary teeth. The primary teeth provide guides for the eruption pathway of the permanent teeth. Also the muscles of the jaw and the formation of the jaw bones depend on the primary teeth to maintain proper spacing for permanent teeth. The roots of primary teeth provide an opening for the permanent teeth to erupt. The primary teeth are", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "775176", "text": "mammal species. Humans, like other mammals, are diphyodont, meaning that they develop two sets of teeth. The first set (called the \"baby\", \"milk\", \"primary\", or \"deciduous\" set) normally starts to appear at about six months of age, although some babies are born with one or more visible teeth, known as natal teeth. Normal tooth eruption at about six months is known as teething and can be painful. Dental anatomy is a field of anatomy dedicated to the study of tooth structure. The development, appearance, and classification of teeth fall within its field of study, though dental occlusion, or contact between", "title": "Human tooth" }, { "id": "4910595", "text": "root resorption, where the permanent teeth push on the roots of the primary teeth, causing the roots to be dissolved by odontoclasts (as well as surrounding alveolar bone by osteoclasts) and become absorbed by the forming permanent teeth. The process of shedding primary teeth and their replacement by permanent teeth is called exfoliation. This may last from age six to age twelve. By age twelve there usually are only permanent teeth remaining. However, it is not extremely rare for one or more primary teeth to be retained beyond this age, sometimes well into adulthood, often because the secondary tooth fails", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "14526628", "text": "commonly are maximum crown length and maximum crown breadth. \"Linking to the Past\" by Kenneth L. Feder states that \"Dental development...provides a valuable gauge of the level of physical maturity and age.\" The first set of teeth, or the lower central incisors, does not begin to appear until the infant is approximately six-and-a-half months old. The rest of the baby teeth, which are called deciduous teeth, will then appear “fairly consistently across the species”, until the child is about two-years-old, when the second upper molars appear; at this point in development, there are twenty teeth in all. From the age", "title": "Odontometrics" }, { "id": "2283046", "text": "teeth (often referred to as \"milk teeth\", \"baby teeth\" or \"puppy teeth\"). The second set is the 42-piece permanent or adult teeth. Sometimes the number of permanent or adult teeth may vary, which is fine as long as they do not cause bad bite. When puppies are born, they have no teeth because milk is the only food they need. The deciduous teeth will grow from the age of 3 to 8 weeks old, in the order of incisors, canine/ fangs and premolars. Yorkie puppies have no molar teeth. Yorkie puppies will start to lose their deciduous or baby teeth", "title": "Yorkshire Terrier" }, { "id": "589970", "text": "or baby teeth) soon after birth, with these being replaced by permanent teeth by the age of approximately five years old. The horse will normally have 24 deciduous teeth, emerging in pairs, and eventually pushed out by the permanent teeth, which normally number between 36 and 40. As the deciduous teeth are pushed up, they are termed \"caps\". Caps will eventually shed on their own, but may cause discomfort when still loose, requiring extraction. It is possible to estimate the age of a young horse by observing the pattern of teeth in the mouth, based on which teeth have erupted,", "title": "Horse teeth" }, { "id": "6508793", "text": "Permanent teeth Permanent teeth or adult teeth are the second set of teeth formed in diphyodont mammals. In humans and old world simians, there are thirty-two permanent teeth, consisting of six maxillary and six mandibular molars, four maxillary and four mandibular premolars, two maxillary and two mandibular canines, four maxillary and four mandibular incisors. The first permanent tooth usually appears in the mouth at around six years of age, and the mouth will then be in a transition time with both primary (or deciduous dentition) teeth and permanent teeth during the mixed dentition period until the last primary tooth is", "title": "Permanent teeth" }, { "id": "4910597", "text": "important for the development of the child's speech, for the child's smile and play a role in chewing of food, although children who have had their primary teeth removed (usually as a result of Dental caries) can still eat and chew to a certain extent. In almost all European languages the primary teeth are called \"baby teeth\" or \"milk teeth\". In the United States and Canada, the term \"baby teeth\" is common. In some Asian countries they are referred to as \"fall teeth\" since they will eventually fall out. Various cultures have customs relating to the loss of deciduous teeth.", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "6023745", "text": "spines stiffen within a few hours, and further spines emerge over the first few days of life as the skin, initially swollen and edematous, begins to dry and contract. The eyes open at fifteen days, when the young begin to become more active. The deciduous teeth appear at about three weeks, with the permanent teeth following at seven to nine weeks. The young are weaned by six weeks and leave the mother not long after. They can become sexually mature at two to three months of age, although in the wild they will not typically breed during the first year", "title": "Four-toed hedgehog" }, { "id": "14526629", "text": "of two-and-a-half until about six years, the deciduous teeth maintain stability, until a set of molars (also called “Six Year Molars”) appear in the lower jaw; these are the child’s first permanent teeth. From this point on, for the approximate next twelve years, the rest of the deciduous teeth will be replaced by all of the permanent teeth. Additional permanent teeth will erupt in the back of the mouth in order to enlarge the mouth. When the process of all permanent teeth coming in is over, the adult mouth will have thirty-two teeth. The “fairly consistent” rate at which deciduous", "title": "Odontometrics" }, { "id": "6506450", "text": "than the previous two, and the right permanent maxillary lateral incisor is known as \"12\", and the left one is known as \"22\". The primary tooth will begin to show signs of development between 14 weeks and 16 weeks in utero, at an average of 16 weeks. The permanent tooth typically will erupt between when the child is 8 or 9 years old, while the root will continue to mineralize until around 11 years old.. The tooth's crown will conclude its development around the age of 4 or 5. There are two maxillary lateral incisors in the deciduous dentition. The", "title": "Maxillary lateral incisor" }, { "id": "2283047", "text": "when the permanent or adult teeth come in. The permanent or adult grow when the Yorkie puppies are 4 to 8 months old. By around 8 months old, those teeth should fully develop. The permanent or adult teeth will grow in the order of incisors, canine/fangs, premolars and molars. Molar teeth will develop at around 6 to 8 months old. Yorkies and other small dog breeds may have problems if the deciduous or baby teeth do not fall out as the permanent or adult teeth grow. This is caused by the new teeth not growing right underneath the deciduous teeth.", "title": "Yorkshire Terrier" }, { "id": "975329", "text": "mammals the infants have a set of teeth that fall out and are replaced by adult teeth. These are called deciduous teeth, primary teeth, baby teeth or milk teeth. Animals that have two sets of teeth, one followed by the other, are said to be diphyodont. Normally the dental formula for milk teeth is the same as for adult teeth except that the molars are missing. Because mammal teeth are specialised for different functions, many mammal groups have lost teeth not needed in their adaptation. Tooth form has also undergone evolutionary modification as a result of natural selection for specialised", "title": "Dentition" }, { "id": "9906701", "text": "Tooth loss Tooth loss is a process in which one or more teeth come loose and fall out. Tooth loss is normal for deciduous teeth (baby teeth), when they are replaced by a person's adult teeth. Otherwise, losing teeth is undesirable and is the result of injury or disease, such as dental avulsion, tooth decay, and gum disease. The condition of being toothless or missing one or more teeth is called \"edentulism\". Tooth loss typically begins around age six and continues until age twelve. The upper and lower central incisors are shed at age six to seven years. The upper", "title": "Tooth loss" }, { "id": "9567420", "text": "months, and lasts until the first permanent molars appear in the mouth, usually at six years. There are 20 primary teeth and they typically erupt in the following order: (1) central incisor, (2) lateral incisor, (3) first molar, (4) canine, and (5) second molar. As a general rule, four teeth erupt for every six months of life, mandibular teeth erupt before maxillary teeth, and teeth erupt sooner in females than males. During primary dentition, the tooth buds of permanent teeth develop inferior to the primary teeth, close to the palate or tongue. Mixed dentition stage starts when the first permanent", "title": "Tooth eruption" }, { "id": "6506361", "text": "Maxillary central incisor The maxillary central incisor is a human tooth in the front upper jaw, or maxilla, and is usually the most visible of all teeth in the mouth. It is located mesial (closer to the midline of the face) to the maxillary lateral incisor. As with all incisors, their function is for shearing or cutting food during mastication (chewing). There is typically a single cusp on each tooth, called an incisal ridge or incisal edge. Formation of these teeth begins at 14 weeks in utero for the deciduous (baby) set and 3–4 months of age for the permanent", "title": "Maxillary central incisor" }, { "id": "4910599", "text": "the Igbo in a similar custom expects a visiting relative or guest to make a gift or donation to an infant upon the visitor's sighting of the infant's deciduous teeth. Hausa culture has it that a child with a fallen tooth should not let a lizard see his or her toothless gum because if a lizard does see it, no tooth will grow in its place. Other traditions are associated with mice or other rodents because of their sharp, everlasting teeth. The character Ratón Pérez appears in the tale of The Vain Little Mouse. A Ratoncito Pérez was used by", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "8486671", "text": "form the unusual looking \"cone head\" appearance in a newborn when delivered in a natural, or vaginal, delivery. Humans normally will produce two sets of teeth called primary dentition, or deciduous teeth, and secondary dentition, or permanent teeth. A tooth is the toughest known substance in the body exceeding bones in density and strength. Tooth enamel lends great strength to the tooth structure. The formation of a developing tooth includes the process of dentin formation, (see: Dentinogenesis) and enamel formation, (see: amelogenesis). The tooth breaks through the gum into the mouth in a process called eruption. The formation of teeth", "title": "Head and neck anatomy" }, { "id": "5355492", "text": "while several forces might be involved in eruption, the periodontal ligaments provide the main impetus for the process. Theorists hypothesize that the periodontal ligaments promote eruption through the shrinking and cross-linking of their collagen fibers and the contraction of their fibroblasts. Although tooth eruption occurs at different times for different people, a general eruption timeline exists. Typically, humans have 20 primary (baby) teeth and 32 permanent teeth. Tooth eruption has three stages. The first, known as deciduous dentition stage, occurs when only primary teeth are visible. Once the first permanent tooth erupts into the mouth, the teeth are in the", "title": "Human tooth development" }, { "id": "4910604", "text": "Middle Eastern countries (including Iraq, Jordan, Egypt and Sudan). It may originate in a pre-Islamic offering and certainly dates back to at least the 13th century, when Izz bin Hibat Allah Al Hadid mentions it. In premodern Britain, lost teeth were commonly burnt to destroy them. This was partly for religious reasons connected with the Last Judgement and partly for fear of what might happen if an animal got them. A rhyme might be said as a blessing: <poem style=\"margin-left:2em\"> \"Old tooth, new tooth\" \"Pray God send me a new tooth\" </poem> Deciduous teeth Deciduous teeth, commonly known as milk", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "589966", "text": "Horse teeth Horse teeth refers to the dentition of equine species, including horses and donkeys. Equines are both heterodontous and diphyodontous, which means that they have teeth in more than one shape (there are up to five shapes of tooth in a horse's mouth), and have two successive sets of teeth, the deciduous (\"baby teeth\") and permanent sets. As grazing animals, good dentition is essential to survival, and continued grazing creates specific patterns of wear, which can be used along with patterns of eruption to estimate the age of the horse. A fully developed horse of around five years of", "title": "Horse teeth" }, { "id": "6111478", "text": "mating, a copulatory plug forms, which is expelled about 48 hours later. Gestation lasts around 94 days, and results in the birth of a litter of up to three young, although over half of births are of singletons. Newborn young weigh , and initially have soft quills. Although they are born with their incisor teeth fully erupted, the remaining teeth begin to appear at 14 days, with the full set of adult teeth present by 25 months. They are weaned at around 100 days of age, and grow rapidly for the first twenty weeks, reaching the full adult size, and", "title": "Cape porcupine" }, { "id": "6512443", "text": "is tearing of food. The canine teeth are able to withstand the tremendous lateral pressures from chewing. There is a single cusp on canines, and they resemble the prehensile teeth found in carnivorous animals. Though relatively the same, there are some minor differences between the deciduous (baby) mandibular canine and that of the permanent mandibular canine. The mandibular canines begin to show calcification at age 4 months and the enamel of the crown is completely formed by age 7 years. The permanent mandibular canines erupt at around 9 to 10 years of age. The mandibular and maxillary canines are the", "title": "Mandibular canine" }, { "id": "6506362", "text": "set. There are some minor differences between the deciduous maxillary central incisor and that of the permanent maxillary central incisor. The deciduous tooth appears in the mouth at 8–12 months of age and shed at 6-7 years, and is replaced by the permanent tooth around 7–8 years of age. The permanent tooth is larger and is longer than it is wide. The maxillary central incisors contact each other at the midline of the face. The mandibular central incisors are the only other type of teeth to do so. The position of these teeth may determine the existence of an open", "title": "Maxillary central incisor" }, { "id": "14142332", "text": "at a given time, and as each tooth wears out, another tooth moves forward to take its place in a process similar to a conveyor belt. The last and largest of these teeth usually becomes exposed when the animal is around 40 years of age, and will often last for an additional 20 years. When the last of these teeth has fallen out, regardless of the elephant's age, the animal will no longer be able to chew food and will die of starvation. Rabbits and other lagomorphs usually shed their deciduous teeth before (or very shortly after) their birth, and", "title": "Tooth" }, { "id": "10671642", "text": "reproductively isolated. Gestation lasts about three to four months, but in some populations, delayed implantation of the embryo causes birth of the young until five to seven months after mating. The female gives birth to a single young, which is initially blind and partially hairless. Although the pups develop deciduous teeth while still in the womb, these have already disappeared by the time they are born. They begin to fly at about one month of age, and are fully weaned at about three months, when they are close to the adult size. They reach sexual maturity at one or two", "title": "Sundevall's roundleaf bat" }, { "id": "589969", "text": "do normally only have one or two, and these may be only partially erupted. Between 13 and 32% of horses, split equally between male and female, also have wolf teeth, which are not related to canine teeth, but are vestigial premolars. Wolf teeth are more common on the upper jaw, and can present a problem for horses in work, as they can interfere with the bit. They may also make it difficult during equine dentistry work to rasp the second premolar, and are frequently removed. Horses are diphyodontous, erupting a set of first deciduous teeth (also known as milk, temporary,", "title": "Horse teeth" }, { "id": "4910598", "text": "In English-speaking countries, the tooth fairy is a popular childhood fiction that a fairy rewards children when their baby teeth fall out. Children typically place a tooth under their pillow at night. The fairy is said to take the tooth and replace it with money or small gifts while they sleep. In some parts of Australia, Sweden and Norway, the children put the tooth in a glass of water. In medieval Scandinavia there was a similar tradition, surviving to the present day in Iceland, of \"tannfé\" ('tooth-money'), a gift to a child when it cuts its first tooth. In Nigeria,", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "6551005", "text": "Diphyodont A diphyodont is any animal with two successive sets of teeth, initially the \"deciduous\" set and consecutively the \"permanent\" set. Most mammals are diphyodonts—as to chew their food they need a strong, durable and complete set of teeth. Diphyodonts contrast with polyphyodonts, whose teeth are constantly replaced. Diphyodonts also differ from monophyodonts which are animals who have only one set of teeth that do not change over a long period of growth. In diphyodonts, the number of teeth that are replaced varies from species to species. In humans, a set of twenty deciduous teeth, or \"milk teeth\", are replaced", "title": "Diphyodont" }, { "id": "6506596", "text": "4 months of age. The enamel of the tooth is completely formed by around 6 to 7 years of age and the permanent maxillary canines erupt at around 11 to 12 years of age. The root is completely formed by 13 to 15 years of age. The maxillary canine teeth are slightly wider than the mandibular canine teeth. The maxillary canines have one root, usually the longest root of any tooth in the mouth. In the \"universal system of notation\", the deciduous maxillary canines are designated by a letter written in uppercase. The right deciduous maxillary canine is known as", "title": "Maxillary canine" }, { "id": "5355493", "text": "mixed (or transitional) dentition. After the last primary tooth falls out of the mouth—a process known as exfoliation—the teeth are in the permanent dentition. Primary dentition starts on the arrival of the mandibular central incisors, usually at eight months, and lasts until the first permanent molars appear in the mouth, usually at six years. The primary teeth typically erupt in the following order: (1) central incisor, (2) lateral incisor, (3) first molar, (4) canine, and (5) second molar. As a general rule, four teeth erupt for every six months of life, mandibular teeth erupt before maxillary teeth, and teeth erupt", "title": "Human tooth development" }, { "id": "2157794", "text": "Incisor Incisors (from Latin \"incidere\", \"to cut\") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, whereas armadillos have none. Adult humans normally have eight incisors, two of each type. The types of incisor are: Children with a full set of deciduous teeth (primary teeth) also have eight incisors, named the same way as in permanent teeth. Young children may have from zero to eight incisors depending on the stage of their tooth", "title": "Incisor" }, { "id": "5355456", "text": "Human tooth development Tooth development or odontogenesis is the complex process by which teeth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt into the mouth. For human teeth to have a healthy oral environment, all parts of the tooth must develop during appropriate stages of fetal development. Primary (baby) teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth week of prenatal development, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth week. If teeth do not start to develop at or near these times, they will not develop at all, resulting in Hypodontia or Anodontia. A significant amount of research has", "title": "Human tooth development" }, { "id": "11232750", "text": "Neonatal teeth Natal teeth are teeth that are present above the gumline (have already erupted) at birth, and neonatal teeth are teeth that emerge through the gingiva during the first month of life (the neonatal period). The incidence of neonatal teeth varies considerably, between 1:700 and 1:30,000 depending on the type of study; the highest prevalence is found in the only study that relies on personal examination of patients. Natal teeth, and neonatal teeth, can be the baby's normal deciduous teeth, sprouting prematurely. These should be preserved, if possible. Alternately, they could be supernumary teeth, extra teeth, not part of", "title": "Neonatal teeth" }, { "id": "765223", "text": "grow short and nights are cool, but remain above freezing. These other pigments include carotenoids that are yellow, brown, and orange. Anthocyanin pigments produce red and purple colors, though they are not always present in the leaves. Rather, they are produced in the foliage in late summer, when sugars are trapped in the leaves after the process of abscission begins. Parts of the world that have showy displays of bright autumn colors are limited to locations where days become short and nights are cool. In other parts of the world, the leaves of deciduous trees simply fall off without turning", "title": "Deciduous" }, { "id": "19103341", "text": "than males, partly because females' teeth are smaller, and therefore there is less bulk of dentin, partially visible through the enamel layer. For the same reason, larger teeth such as the molars and the canine (cuspid) teeth tend to be darker. Baby teeth (deciduous teeth) are generally whiter than the adult teeth that follow, again due to differences in the ratio of enamel to dentin. Intrinsic discoloration tends to accompany aging. Throughout life deposition of secondary dentin occurs along the internal walls of the pulp chamber. Secondary dentin is darker and more opaque than primary dentin. This gives the dentin", "title": "Tooth discoloration" }, { "id": "4910602", "text": "be thrown straight down to the ground and lower teeth straight up into the air or onto the roof of a house; the idea is that incoming teeth will grow in straight. Some parts of China follow a similar tradition by throwing the teeth from the lower jaw onto the roof and burying the teeth from the upper jaw underground, as a symbol of urging the permanent teeth to grow faster towards the right direction. The Sri Lankan tradition is to throw the baby teeth onto the roof or a tree in the presence of a squirrel (\"Funambulus palmarum\"). The", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "4910601", "text": "Korea, Nepal, the Philippines, and Vietnam, when a child loses a tooth, the usual custom is that he or she should throw it onto the roof if it came from the lower jaw, or into the space beneath the floor if it came from the upper jaw. While doing this, the child shouts a request for the tooth to be replaced with the tooth of a mouse. This tradition is based on the fact that the teeth of mice grow for their entire lives, a characteristic of all rodents. In Japan, a different variation calls for lost upper teeth to", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "9585133", "text": "canine is the tooth located laterally from both maxillary lateral incisors of the mouth but mesially from both maxillary first premolars. It is the longest tooth in total length, from root to the incisal edge, in the mouth. The mandibular canine is the tooth located distally from both mandibular lateral incisors of the mouth but mesially from both mandibular first premolars. Premolars are found distal to canines and mesial to molars. They are divided into first and second premolars. The functions of premolars vary. There are no deciduous premolars. Instead, the teeth that precede the permanent premolars are the deciduous", "title": "Dental anatomy" }, { "id": "775178", "text": "CEJ and is covered with cementum. As with the crown, dentin composes most of the root, which normally has pulp canals. A tooth may have multiple roots or just one root (single-rooted teeth). Canines and most premolars, except for maxillary first premolars, usually have one root. Maxillary first premolars and mandibular molars usually have two roots. Maxillary molars usually have three roots. Additional roots are referred to as supernumerary roots. Humans usually have 20 primary (deciduous, \"baby\" or \"milk\") teeth and 32 permanent (adult) teeth. Teeth are classified as incisors, canines, premolars (also called \"bicuspids\"), and molars. Incisors are primarily", "title": "Human tooth" }, { "id": "5355494", "text": "sooner in females than males. During primary dentition, the tooth buds of permanent teeth develop below the primary teeth, close to the palate or tongue. Mixed dentition starts when the first permanent molar appears in the mouth, usually at six years, and lasts until the last primary tooth is lost, usually at eleven or twelve years. Permanent teeth in the maxilla erupt in a different order from permanent teeth on the mandible. Maxillary teeth erupt in the following order: (1) first molar (2) central incisor, (3) lateral incisor, (4) first premolar, (5) second premolar, (6) canine, (7) second molar, and", "title": "Human tooth development" }, { "id": "9585107", "text": "human teeth to have a healthy oral environment, enamel, dentin, cementum, and the periodontium must all develop during appropriate stages of fetal development. Primary (baby) teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth weeks in utero, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth week in utero. If teeth do not start to develop at or near these times, they will not develop at all. A significant amount of research has focused on determining the processes that initiate tooth development. It is widely accepted that there is a factor within the tissues of the first branchial arch that", "title": "Dental anatomy" }, { "id": "4910603", "text": "child then tells the squirrel to take the old tooth in return for a new one. In some parts of India, young children offer their discarded baby teeth to the sun, sometimes wrapped in a tiny rag of cotton turf. In the Assam state of India, children throw their baby teeth to the roof of their house and urge a mouse to take it, to exchange with its teeth (permanent ones). The tradition of throwing a baby tooth up into the sky to the sun or to Allah and asking for a better tooth to replace it is common in", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "2467059", "text": "In some instances, caries is described in other ways that might indicate the cause. The G.V. Black classification is as follows: Early childhood caries (ECC), also known as \"baby bottle caries,\" \"baby bottle tooth decay\" or \"bottle rot,\" is a pattern of decay found in young children with their deciduous (baby) teeth. This must include the presence of at least one carious lesion on a primary tooth in a child under the age of 6 years. The teeth most likely affected are the maxillary anterior teeth, but all teeth can be affected. The name for this type of caries comes", "title": "Tooth decay" }, { "id": "12704761", "text": "pulp of primary or deciduous teeth, which only have to survive until an adult teeth come in, and because they have a better blood supply, can sometimes be saved. Primary/deciduous (baby) teeth in children have relatively large pulp spaces. Caries do not have to develop significantly before they reach the pulp chamber. When the soft tissue in the pulp chamber is \"infected\" (has bacteria in it) or \"affected\" (is inflamed), it can be removed by a dentist or dental therapist under local anaesthetic. If the soft tissue in the canals is still healthy enough, a special medicated filling can be", "title": "Pulpotomy" }, { "id": "16395541", "text": "followed while carrying out serial extractions. Careful diagnosis and continuous re-evaluation during the course of treatment is mandatory to achieve required results. However based on the usual eruption sequence of teeth, deciduous canines are extracted at the age of 8–9 years to create space for proper alignment of incisors, followed by extraction of deciduous first molars a year later so that the eruption of first premolars is accelerated and lastly extraction of the erupting first premolars to give space for the alignment of permanent canines. In some cases a modified technique is followed in which the first premolars are enucleated", "title": "Serial extraction" }, { "id": "2784984", "text": "and weigh , with cubs from large litters being smaller. By three to five days, their claws become pigmented, and individual dark hairs begin to appear. Their eyes open at four to five weeks and their milk teeth erupt about the same time. They emerge from their setts at eight weeks of age, and begin to be weaned at twelve weeks, though they may still suckle until they are four to five months old. Subordinate females assist the mother in guarding, feeding and grooming the cubs. Cubs fully develop their adult coats at six to nine weeks. In areas with", "title": "European badger" }, { "id": "9567421", "text": "tooth appears in the mouth, usually at five or six years with the first permanent molar, and lasts until the last primary tooth is lost, usually at ten, eleven, or twelve years. There are 32 permanent teeth and those of the maxillae erupt in a different order from permanent mandibular teeth. Maxillary teeth typically erupt in the following order: (1) first molar (2) central incisor, (3) lateral incisor, (4) first premolar, (5) second premolar, (6) canine, (7) second molar, and (8) third molar. Mandibular teeth typically erupt in the following order: (1) first molar (2) central incisor, (3) lateral incisor,", "title": "Tooth eruption" }, { "id": "2823456", "text": "can live for 20–30 years and females become sexually active at two years of age. Female ovulation occurs from October through September, after the female mates the gestation period ranges from 8–9 months with an initial 3-5 month diapause period where the fetus growth is slowed; this diapause period is controlled by hormones. The female gives birth to a single pup, which has both open ears, open eyes, the first set of deciduous teeth and fully furred at birth. Among species that roost in groups, there is evidence for a social hierarchy with higher ranking individuals gaining access to preferred", "title": "Leaf-nosed bat" }, { "id": "1724255", "text": "milk teeth start to erupt at about 2–3 weeks after birth, and are slowly replaced by permanent dentition from 8.5–9.5 weeks of age onwards. They suckle for 3–6 months, and begin to eat small amounts of solid food at about 2 months of age. At this time, they follow their mother on her hunting expeditions and begin to take part in hunting at 5–6 months of age. At the age of 2–3 years, they slowly start to separate from the family group and become transient — looking out for an area, where they can establish their own territory. Young males", "title": "Bengal tiger" }, { "id": "9567419", "text": "20 primary teeth and 32 permanent teeth. The dentition goes through three stages. The first, known as primary dentition stage, occurs when only primary teeth are visible. Once the first permanent tooth erupts into the mouth, the teeth that are visible are in the mixed (or transitional) dentition stage. After the last primary tooth is shed or exfoliates out of the mouth, the teeth are in the permanent dentition stage. Each patient should be assigned a dentition period to allow for effective dental treatment. Primary dentition stage starts on the arrival of the mandibular central incisors, typically from around six", "title": "Tooth eruption" }, { "id": "9585110", "text": "to categorize changes that take place along a continuum; frequently it is difficult to decide what stage should be assigned to a particular developing tooth. This determination is further complicated by the varying appearance of different histologic sections of the same developing tooth, which can appear to be different stages. Teeth are named by their sets and also arch, class, type, and side. Teeth can belong to one of two sets of teeth: primary (\"baby\") teeth or permanent teeth. Often, \"deciduous\" may be used in place of \"primary\", and \"adult\" may be used for \"permanent\". \"Succedaneous\" refers to those teeth", "title": "Dental anatomy" }, { "id": "4048481", "text": "Females generally have slightly whiter teeth than males, partly because females' teeth are smaller, and therefore there is less bulk of dentin, partially visible through the enamel layer. For the same reason, larger teeth such as the molars and the canine (cuspid) teeth tend to be darker. Baby teeth (deciduous teeth) are generally whiter than the adult teeth that follow, again due to differences in the ratio of enamel to dentin. As a person ages the adult teeth often become darker due to changes in the mineral structure of the tooth, as the enamel becomes less porous and phosphate-deficient. The", "title": "Tooth whitening" }, { "id": "7231524", "text": "and M. Left or right has to be specified. The lower teeth are I, I, C, Pm, Pm, M, M, and M. The reason the premolars are labeled 3 and 4 is that in earlier primates there were two other premolars between them and the canines. In this system, also known as \"alpha-numeric notation\", the four quadrants are designated as follows: Within each quadrant, the teeth are numbered as in the Palmer notation: 1-8 for permanent and A-E for deciduous, both starting at the midline. For example, the permanent left maxillary first molar is designated UL6. To prevent uncertainty or", "title": "Dental notation" }, { "id": "775192", "text": "connect teeth to the alveolar bone through cementum. Tooth eruption in humans is a process in tooth development in which the teeth enter the mouth and become visible. Current research indicates that the periodontal ligaments play an important role in tooth eruption. Primary teeth erupt into the mouth from around six months until two years of age. These teeth are the only ones in the mouth until a person is about six years old. At that time, the first permanent tooth erupts. This stage, during which a person has a combination of primary and permanent teeth, is known as the", "title": "Human tooth" }, { "id": "975331", "text": "for example, the formula 2.1.2.3 for upper teeth indicates 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars on one side of the upper mouth. The deciduous dental formula is notated in lowercase lettering preceded by the letter d: for example: di:dc:dp. An animal's dentition for either deciduous or permanent teeth can thus be expressed as a dental formula, written in the form of a fraction, which can be written as , or I.C.P.M / I.C.P.M. For example, the following formulae show the deciduous and usual permanent dentition of all catarrhine primates, including humans: The greatest number of teeth in", "title": "Dentition" }, { "id": "14789811", "text": "of teeth may also be affected by diet, natural abnormalities, and cribbing. Two horses of the same age may have different wear patterns. A horse's incisors, premolars, and molars, once fully developed, continue to erupt as the grinding surface is worn down through chewing. A young adult horse will have teeth which are 4.5-5 inches long, with the majority of the crown remaining below the gumline in the dental socket. The rest of the tooth will slowly emerge from the jaw, erupting about 1/8\" each year, as the horse ages. When the animal reaches old age, the crowns of the", "title": "Mammal tooth" }, { "id": "9585139", "text": "tooth located laterally from both the maxillary first molars of the mouth but mesially from both maxillary third molars. This is true only in permanent teeth. In deciduous teeth, the maxillary second molar is the last tooth in the mouth and does not have a third molar behind it. The deciduous maxillary second molar is also the most likely of the deciduous teeth to have an oblique ridge. There are usually four cusps on maxillary molars, two buccal and two palatal. The maxillary third molar is the tooth located laterally from both the maxillary second molars of the mouth with", "title": "Dental anatomy" }, { "id": "6506365", "text": "of numbering system from the previous two. Thus, the right deciduous maxillary central incisor is known as \"51\", and the left one is known as \"61\". For the permanent maxillary central incisor, the right one is known as \"11\", and the left one is known as \"21\". The aggregate of cells which eventually form a tooth are derived from the ectoderm of the first branchial arch and the ectomesenchyme of the neural crest. As in all cases of tooth development, the first hard tissue to begin forming is dentin, with enamel appearing immediately afterwards. The deciduous maxillary central incisor begins", "title": "Maxillary central incisor" }, { "id": "4465991", "text": "first premolar, maxillary second premolar, mandibular first premolar, and the mandibular second premolar. Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth distal to the canines, preceded by deciduous molars. There is always one large buccal cusp, especially so in the mandibular first premolar. The lower second premolar almost always presents with two lingual cusps. The lower premolars and the upper second premolar usually have one root. The upper first usually has two roots, but can have just one root, notably in Sinodonts, and can sometimes have three roots. In primitive placental mammals there are four premolars per quadrant, but the most", "title": "Premolar" }, { "id": "8947813", "text": "dentition (also called deciduous, milk or baby teeth) were depicted with a quadrant grid using Roman numerals I, II, III, IV, V to number the teeth from the midline. Palmer changed this to A, B, C, D, E. This makes it less confusing and less prone to errors in interpretation. The Palmer notation consists of a symbol (┘└ ┐┌) designating in which quadrant the tooth is found and a number indicating the position from the midline. Adult teeth are numbered 1 to 8, with deciduous (baby) teeth indicated by a letter A to E. Hence the left and right maxillary", "title": "Palmer notation" }, { "id": "18901982", "text": "teeth may rarely occur. The most commonly affected tooth is the mandibular (lower) second deciduous molar. Partial root resorption first occurs and then the tooth fuses to the bone. This prevents normal exfoliation of the deciduous tooth and typically causes impaction of the permanent successor tooth. As growth of the alveolar bone continues and the adjacent permanent teeth erupt, the ankylosed deciduous tooth appears to submerge into the bone, although in reality it has not changed position. Treatment is by extraction of the involved tooth, to prevent malocclusion, periodontal disturbance or dental caries. In healthy teeth, the periodontal ligament (PDL)", "title": "Tooth ankylosis" }, { "id": "13926249", "text": "of the tissue. Abnormal findings are asymmetricality, cyanosis, a cherry-red or pale color or dryness. Diseases include mucocele, aphthous ulcer, angular stomatitis, carcinoma, cleft lip, leukoplakia, herpes simplex and chelitis. Tooth condition indicates a person's general health. Teeth should be clean with no decay, white with shiny enamel and smooth surfaces and edges. Adults should have a total of 32 teeth (16 teeth in each arch). By the age of , children have a total of 20 deciduous teeth (10 in each arch). Abnormal findings are missing, loose, broken and misaligned teeth. Diseases of the teeth include baby-bottle tooth decay,", "title": "Mouth assessment" }, { "id": "5747874", "text": "lasts a relatively long time considering the small body size of the species, at gestation length of approximately 5.5 months. Females give birth to usually only one young, called a pup. Pups are born with their eyes open and a set of deciduous teeth. There are fewer deciduous teeth than permanent teeth (20 compared to 26), with a deciduous dental formula of Females who have lost their pups will continue to lactate, and females have been observed nursing the young of unrelated females. Pups will fledge at approximately 57 days old, though they will continue to nurse and seek regurgitated", "title": "Hairy-legged vampire bat" }, { "id": "4910600", "text": "Colgate in marketing toothpaste in Venezuela and Spain. In Italy, the Tooth Fairy (\"Fatina\") is also often replaced by a small mouse (\"topino\"). In France and in French-speaking Belgium, this character is called \"la petite souris\" (\"The Little Mouse\"). From parts of lowland Scotland comes a tradition similar to the fairy mouse: a white fairy rat who purchases the teeth with coins. Several traditions concern throwing the shed teeth. In Turkey, Cyprus, Mexico, and Greece, children traditionally throw their fallen baby teeth onto the roof of their house while making a wish. Similarly, in some Asian countries, such as India,", "title": "Deciduous teeth" }, { "id": "1489715", "text": "not subject to continual remodelling and so their isotopic oxygen ratios remain constant from the time of formation. The isotopic oxygen ratios, then, of teeth represent the ratios of the region in which the individual was born and raised. Where deciduous teeth are present, it is also possible to determine the age at which a child was weaned. Breast milk production draws upon the body water of the mother, which has higher levels of O due to the preferential loss of O through sweat, urine, and expired water vapour. While teeth are more resistant to chemical and physical changes over", "title": "Isotope analysis" }, { "id": "6512339", "text": "central incisor. The mandibular central incisors are usually the first teeth to appear in the mouth, typically around the age of 6-8 months. In the universal system of notation, the deciduous mandibular central incisors are designated by a letter written in uppercase. The right deciduous mandibular central incisor is known as \"P\", and the left one is known as \"O\". The international notation has a different system of notation. Thus, the right deciduous mandibular central incisor is known as \"81\", and the left one is known as \"71\". In the universal system of notation, the permanent mandibular central incisors are", "title": "Mandibular central incisor" }, { "id": "6511979", "text": "Maxillary second premolar The maxillary second premolar is one of two teeth located in the upper jaw, laterally (away from the midline of the face) from both the maxillary first premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both maxillary first molars. The function of this premolar is similar to that of first molars in regard to grinding being the principal action during mastication, commonly known as chewing. There are two cusps on maxillary second premolars, but both of them are less sharp then those of the maxillary first premolars. There are no deciduous (baby)", "title": "Maxillary second premolar" }, { "id": "6506366", "text": "to undergo mineralization 14 weeks in utero, and at birth 5/6ths of the enamel is formed. The crown of the tooth is completed 1.5 months after birth and erupts into the mouth at around 10 months of age, making these teeth usually the second type of teeth to appear. The root completes its formation when the child is 1.5 years old.. The permanent maxillary central incisor begins to undergo mineralization when a child is 3–4 months of age. The crown of the tooth is completed at around 4–5 years of age and erupts into the mouth at 7–8 years of", "title": "Maxillary central incisor" }, { "id": "775179", "text": "used for biting pieces from foods such as raw carrots or apples and peeled but uncut bananas, while molars are used primarily for grinding foods after they are already in bite size pieces inside the mouth. Most teeth have identifiable features that distinguish them from others. There are several different notation systems to refer to a specific tooth. The three most common systems are the FDI World Dental Federation notation, the universal numbering system, and Palmer notation method. The FDI system is used worldwide, and the universal is used widely in the United States. Among deciduous (primary) teeth, ten are", "title": "Human tooth" }, { "id": "1642106", "text": "longer than the lower, and usually present a distinct basal ridge. Eruption typically occurs between the ages of eleven and twelve years. Occasionally they are congenitally missing. From a facial aspect, maxillary canines are approximately one millimetre narrower than the central incisor. Their mesial aspects resemble the adjacent lateral incisors, while their distal aspects anticipate the first premolars. They are slightly darker and more yellow in color than the other anterior teeth. From a lingual aspect, they have well developed mesial and distal marginal ridges and a well-developed cingulum. A prominent lingual ridge divides the lingual aspect in half and", "title": "Canine tooth" }, { "id": "5930637", "text": "In the long bones, there is an abrupt change from a normal appearance in the shaft (diaphysis) to uncalcified regions near the ends (metaphysis), which suggests the occurrence of an abrupt metabolic change. In addition, serial radiography studies suggest that defects in skeletal mineralization (i.e. rickets) persist and become more generalized. Mortality is estimated to be 50% in the first year of life. Hypophosphatasia in childhood has variable clinical expression. As a result of defects in the development of the dental cementum, the deciduous teeth (baby teeth) are often lost fore the age of 5. Frequently, the incisors are lost", "title": "Hypophosphatasia" }, { "id": "3578279", "text": "most powders in 1954 when it was shown to cause \"pink disease\" (acrodynia), a form of mercury poisoning. Teething toys have a long history. In England in the 17th–19th centuries, a \"coral\" meant a teething toy made of coral, ivory, or bone, often mounted in silver as the handle of a rattle. A museum curator has suggested that these substances were used as \"sympathetic magic\" and that the animal bone could symbolize animal strength to help the child cope with pain. Teething Teething is the process by which an infant's first teeth (the deciduous teeth, often called \"baby teeth\" or", "title": "Teething" }, { "id": "6512145", "text": "usually four cusps on maxillary molars, two on the buccal (side nearest the cheek) and two palatal (side nearest the palate). There are great differences between the deciduous (baby) maxillary molars and those of the permanent maxillary molars, even though their function are similar. The permanent maxillary molars are not considered to have any teeth that precede it. Despite being named molars, the deciduous molars are followed by permanent premolars. The deciduous maxillary second molar is the most likely deciduous tooth to have an oblique ridge. In the universal system of notation, the deciduous maxillary second molars are designated by", "title": "Maxillary second molar" }, { "id": "9585138", "text": "Permanent maxillary molars are not considered to have any teeth that precede them. Despite being named \"molars\", the deciduous molars are followed by permanent premolars. The third molars are commonly called \"wisdom teeth.\" The maxillary first molar is the tooth located laterally from both the maxillary second premolars of the mouth but mesially from both maxillary second molars. There are usually four cusps on maxillary molars, two on the buccal and two palatal. Most times there is also a fifth cusp, called the Cusp of Carabelli, located on the mesiolingual aspect of the tooth. The maxillary second molar is the", "title": "Dental anatomy" }, { "id": "9557944", "text": "has been found to range from 1% to 6% of the population. Talon cusp tends to occur on permanent teeth only. They are vary rare in (deciduous) baby teeth. In most cases the involved teeth are the permanent maxillary lateral incisors (55%), followed by maxillary central incisors (33%), mandibular incisors (6%), and maxillary canines (4%). The exact mechanism of the formation of dens evaginatus and talon cusp is unknown. It has been suggested that the anomaly is caused by an evagination. The formation of the \"cusp\" is due to excess layering of the internal enamel epithelium and dental papilla into", "title": "Talon cusp" }, { "id": "14142330", "text": "fully developed, continue to erupt as the grinding surface is worn down through chewing. A young adult horse will have teeth which are 4.5-5 inches long, with the majority of the crown remaining below the gumline in the dental socket. The rest of the tooth will slowly emerge from the jaw, erupting about 1/8\" each year, as the horse ages. When the animal reaches old age, the crowns of the teeth are very short and the teeth are often lost altogether. Very old horses, if lacking molars, may need to have their fodder ground up and soaked in water to", "title": "Tooth" }, { "id": "775189", "text": "permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth week. If teeth do not start to develop at or near these times, they will not develop at all. A significant amount of research has focused on determining the processes that initiate tooth development. It is widely accepted that there is a factor within the tissues of the first pharyngeal arch that is necessary for the development of teeth. Tooth development is commonly divided into the following stages: the bud stage, the cap, the bell, and finally maturation. The staging of tooth development is an attempt to categorize changes that take place", "title": "Human tooth" }, { "id": "6780124", "text": "whereas the mandibular first premolar resembles a small canine, the mandibular second premolar is more alike to the first molar. There are no deciduous (baby) mandibular premolars. Instead, the teeth that precede the permanent mandibular premolars are the deciduous mandibular molars. Anatomy: The mandibular second premolar most commonly has three cusps but can have two as well. The three cusp variety has one large cusp on the buccal with two smaller lingual cusps. The mesiolingual cusp is twice the size of the distolingual cusp. Viewed from the occlusal (looking down onto the biting surface of the tooth) the tooth is", "title": "Mandibular second premolar" }, { "id": "589975", "text": "wild forebears never faced. Typical wear patterns in horses include: A horse's incisors, premolars, and molars, once fully developed, continue to erupt as the grinding surface is worn down through chewing. A young adult horse's teeth are typically 4.5–5 inches long, but the majority of the crown remaining below the gumline in the dental socket. The rest of the tooth slowly emerges from the jaw, erupting about 1/8\" each year, as the horse ages. When the animal reaches old age, the crowns of the teeth are very short and the teeth are often lost altogether. Very old horses, if lacking", "title": "Horse teeth" }, { "id": "765224", "text": "the bright colors produced from the accumulation of anthocyanin pigments. The beginnings of leaf drop starts when an abscission layer is formed between the leaf petiole and the stem. This layer is formed in the spring during active new growth of the leaf; it consists of layers of cells that can separate from each other. The cells are sensitive to a plant hormone called auxin that is produced by the leaf and other parts of the plant. When auxin coming from the leaf is produced at a rate consistent with that from the body of the plant, the cells of", "title": "Deciduous" }, { "id": "975325", "text": "animals with two successions of teeth (deciduous, permanent) is referred to as \"diphyodont\", while the dentition of animals with only one set of teeth throughout life is \"monophyodont\". The dentition of animals in which the teeth are continuously discarded and replaced throughout life is termed \"polyphyodont\". The evolutionary origin of the vertebrate dentition remains contentious. Current theories suggest either an \"outside-in\" or \"inside-out\" evolutionary origin to teeth, with the dentition arising from odontodes on the skin surface moving into the mouth, or vice versa. Despite this debate, it is accepted that vertebrate teeth are homologous to the dermal denticles found", "title": "Dentition" }, { "id": "9585111", "text": "of the permanent dentition that replace primary teeth (incisors, canines, and premolars of the permanent dentition). Succedaneous would refer to these teeth as a group. Further, the name depends upon which arch the tooth is found in. The term, \"maxillary\", is given to teeth in the upper jaw and \"mandibular\" to those in the lower jaw. There are four classes of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Premolars are found only in permanent teeth; there are no premolars in deciduous teeth. Within each class, teeth may be classified into different traits. Incisors are divided further into central and lateral incisors.", "title": "Dental anatomy" }, { "id": "10280980", "text": "of giving birth, and may give birth to several litters over the course of her life. The young are born hairless and blind, weighing an average of . They begin to grow fur within five days of birth, and their eyes open at 9 days, although they are capable of sensing light before this. The young are weaned at around two weeks of age, and have a full set of adult teeth by three weeks. Females reach sexual maturity after as little as three weeks, while males become sexually mature after six weeks. The lifespan is correspondingly short, with individuals", "title": "California vole" }, { "id": "12785414", "text": "eyes open after 13–15 days, during which time their ear canals open and their upper teeth erupt, with the lower teeth emerging 3–4 days later. Their eyes are initially blue, but change to amber at 4–5 weeks. Coat colour begins to change at three weeks of age, when the black eye streak appears. By one month, red and white patches are apparent on their faces. During this time, their ears erect and their muzzles elongate. Kits begin to leave their dens and experiment with solid food brought by their parents at the age of 3–4 weeks. The lactation period lasts", "title": "Red fox" }, { "id": "6550974", "text": "Polyphyodont A polyphyodont is any animal whose teeth are continually replaced. In contrast, diphyodonts are characterized by having only two successive sets of teeth. Polyphyodonts include most toothed fishes, many reptiles such as crocodiles and geckos, and most other vertebrates, mammals being the main exception. New, permanent teeth grow in the jaws, usually under or just behind the old tooth, from stem cells in the dental lamina. Young animals typically have a full set of teeth when they hatch; there is no tooth change in the egg. Within days, tooth replacement begins, usually in the back of the jaw continuing", "title": "Polyphyodont" }, { "id": "765219", "text": "in deer, deciduous teeth (baby teeth) in some mammals (including humans); or decidua, the uterine lining that sheds off after birth. Wood from deciduous trees is used in a variety of ways in several industries including lumber for furniture, construction and flooring (oak), ornamental, bowling pins and baseball bats (maple) and furniture, cabinets, plywood and paneling (birch). In botany and horticulture, deciduous plants, including trees, shrubs and herbaceous perennials, are those that lose all of their leaves for part of the year. This process is called abscission. In some cases leaf loss coincides with winter—namely in temperate or polar climates.", "title": "Deciduous" }, { "id": "326962", "text": "return forces water from her fur and allows the burrow to remain dry. After about five weeks, the mother begins to spend more time away from her young and, at around four months, the young emerge from the burrow. A platypus is born with teeth, but these drop out at a very early age, leaving the horny plates it uses to grind food. The platypus and other monotremes were very poorly understood, and some of the 19th century myths that grew up around them—for example, that the monotremes were \"inferior\" or quasireptilian—still endure. In 1947, William King Gregory theorised that", "title": "Platypus" }, { "id": "6506641", "text": "are no deciduous maxillary premolars. Around 10-11 years of age, the primary molars are shed and the permanent premolars erupt in their place. It takes about 3 years for the adult premolar and its root to fully calcify. In the universal system of notation, the permanent maxillary premolars are designated by a number. The right permanent maxillary first premolar is known as \"5\", and the left one is known as \"12\". In the Palmer notation, a number is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found. For this tooth, the left and right first", "title": "Maxillary first premolar" }, { "id": "1363442", "text": "the general population grind their teeth to a degree at some point during their life, although only 5% will develop a clinical condition. Some studies have reported that awake bruxism affects females more commonly than males, while in sleep bruxism, males and females are affected equally. Children are reported to brux as commonly as adults. It is possible for sleep bruxism to occur as early as the first year of life – after the first teeth (deciduous incisors) erupt into the mouth, and the overall prevalence in children is about 14–20%. The ICSD-R states that sleep bruxism may occur in", "title": "Bruxism" }, { "id": "11893076", "text": "rate of growth and mature weight is a heritable trait that is often selected for in breeding. Ewes typically weigh between , and rams between . When all deciduous teeth have erupted, the sheep has 20 teeth. Mature sheep have 32 teeth. As with other ruminants, the front teeth in the lower jaw bite against a hard, toothless pad in the upper jaw. These are used to pick off vegetation, then the rear teeth grind it before it is swallowed. There are eight lower front teeth in ruminants, but there is some disagreement as to whether these are eight incisors,", "title": "Sheep" }, { "id": "18901981", "text": "Tooth ankylosis Tooth ankylosis is the pathological fusing of cementum or dentine of a tooth root to the alveolar bone. Ankylosis of teeth is uncommon, it more often occurs in deciduous teeth than permanent teeth. Tooth ankylosis can be recognised clinically by the loss of physiological mobility, and a high P note. It may also be detected radiographically, loss of periodontal ligament space and evidence of replacement resorption. Ankylosis usually initially occurs on the labial and lingual root surfaces making radiographic detection in the early stages difficult. Early diagnosis allows the practitioner to plan for future complications. Ankylosis of deciduous", "title": "Tooth ankylosis" }, { "id": "2157797", "text": "humans, the incisors serve to cut off pieces of food, as well as in the grip of other food items. Incisor Incisors (from Latin \"incidere\", \"to cut\") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, whereas armadillos have none. Adult humans normally have eight incisors, two of each type. The types of incisor are: Children with a full set of deciduous teeth (primary teeth) also have eight incisors, named the same way", "title": "Incisor" }, { "id": "2283048", "text": "(Usually, a puppy’s body will absorb the roots of puppy teeth.) If the puppy tooth does not yield to the incoming tooth, it should be removed because it can cause a malocclusion or bad bite. Retained teeth can cause tooth decay because food can be easily caught in between the deciduous and permanent teeth. Sometimes the new teeth are forced to grow into an abnormal position and further cause a bad bite. The retained teeth may stay or fall weeks after the new teeth have developed. When necessary, the retained deciduous or baby teeth need to be removed surgically. Like", "title": "Yorkshire Terrier" } ]

[ "28" ]

[ { "id": "79335", "text": "since 1999. Through the end of the 2017 season, the Browns' win–loss record since returning to the NFL in 1999 is 88–216. In 2017, the Browns became only the second team in league history to finish a season 0–16, joining the 2008 Detroit Lions. Through the 2017 season, the Browns hold the longest active playoff drought in the NFL, at 15 seasons. The history of the Cleveland Browns American football team began in 1944 when taxi-cab magnate Arthur B. \"Mickey\" McBride secured a Cleveland franchise in the newly formed All-America Football Conference (AAFC). Paul Brown was the team's namesake and", "title": "Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "9864749", "text": "years of suspension while the old municipal stadium was demolished and Cleveland Browns Stadium took its place, the Browns started play again in 1999 under new owner Al Lerner. Since resuming operations, the Browns have made the playoffs only once, as a wild-card team in 2002. The Browns are only one of 12 NFL franchises to predate the 1960 launch of the American Football League, and are only one of three such teams in the AFC. In 1944 Arch Ward, the influential sports editor of the \"Chicago Tribune\", proposed a new professional football league called the All-America Football Conference. The", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "14144991", "text": "2010 Cleveland Browns season The 2010 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 62nd season as a professional sports franchise and its 58th season as a member of the National Football League (NFL). The team failed to break the longest playoff appearance drought in franchise history, a current streak of eight seasons without reaching the playoffs. The team finished 5–11, matching its win total from the 2009 season and placed third in the AFC North. As of 2018, this remains the most recent season that the Browns did not finish in 4th place in the AFC North. This season marked the", "title": "2010 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10058383", "text": "2002 Cleveland Browns season The 2002 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 54th season and 50th with the National Football League. The Browns made their only playoff appearance since their re-activation. It was only the Browns’ fourth year since returning to the league effectively as an expansion team, and their first winning season. It would also prove to be the only time that the team made the NFL playoffs in the 2000s, and as of 2018, the Browns have not made it back to the NFL playoffs. The close loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Wildcard round kept the", "title": "2002 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10802269", "text": "departure from the Browns after the 2003 season. Although only winning 22 games in 59 starts, Couch led the Browns to their only playoff berth since their return, in 2002. By the end of the 2017 season, the Browns had started 28 different quarterbacks since their 1999 return to the NFL, a league-high in that period. The Browns have not won a playoff game since , and have lost nine or more games each season since 2008. On November 30, 2015, the Browns played the Baltimore Ravens in their first \"Monday Night Football\" game in six years. After trailing 17–3", "title": "Cleveland sports curse" }, { "id": "20474845", "text": "2018 Cleveland Browns season The 2018 season is the Cleveland Browns' 70th season as a professional sports franchise, their 66th season as a member of the NFL, and their first full season under general manager John Dorsey. It was their third and final season under head coach Hue Jackson. The Browns improved upon their 2017 campaign in which they went a franchise worst 0–16. They will also look to end their franchise-record and league-high 15-year playoff drought and enter the postseason for the first time since 2002. On September 9, the Browns opened their season against the Pittsburgh Steelers with", "title": "2018 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "19820333", "text": "of the 2017 season. Later that afternoon, the Buffalo Bills' win over the Miami Dolphins - coupled with the Cincinnati Bengals win over the Baltimore Ravens - gave the Bills a playoff berth, ending their 17-year playoff drought. As a result, the Browns now hold the longest active postseason drought of any NFL team going back to 2002. This is the second longest playoff drought in the four major American sports, ahead of the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball who last made the playoffs in 2001. Despite the team's historically awful performance, LB Joe Schobert was named to the", "title": "2017 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10058384", "text": "Browns from advancing in the postseason. Apart from their AFC North division games, the Browns played against the AFC South and NFC South according to the NFL’s new conference rotation, and played the Chiefs and Jets based on 2001 standings with respect to the newly aligned divisions. 2002 Cleveland Browns season The 2002 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 54th season and 50th with the National Football League. The Browns made their only playoff appearance since their re-activation. It was only the Browns’ fourth year since returning to the league effectively as an expansion team, and their first winning season.", "title": "2002 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10057667", "text": "three times, once on the ground, as five different Cleveland backs combined for over 100 rushing yards and two additional scores in a 35–7 rout of the Seahawks. With vaunted 1993 rookie Rick Mirer faltering, two different Seahawks quarterbacks combined for 229 yards and a pick. As of 2018, this is the Browns' most recent home playoff game and their most recent playoff victory. 1994 Cleveland Browns season The 1994 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 45th season with the National Football League. It was the only season that the Browns qualified for the playoffs under head coach Bill Belichick.", "title": "1994 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "9864854", "text": "of the team, meanwhile, passed to his son Randy. Cleveland finished the season with a 9–7 record, earning a spot in the playoffs as a wild-card team. Couch suffered a broken leg in the final game of the season, however, and backup Kelly Holcomb started in the Browns' first playoff game versus the Steelers. Cleveland held the lead for most of the game as Holcomb passed for 429 yards. But a defensive collapse helped Pittsburgh come charging back in the fourth quarter and win 36–33 to end the Browns' season. To date, this is the only postseason appearance for the", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "10058348", "text": "1969 Cleveland Browns season The 1969 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 20th season with the National Football League and the last before the 1970 AFL-NFL Merger. The Browns made it to the 1969 NFL Championship Game, where they fell to the Minnesota Vikings. The 1969 season would be the last year that Cleveland would win a postseason game until 1986. In addition, that victory over Dallas would also be the last time the Browns won a postseason game on the road as of 2017. The following were selected in the 1969 NFL Draft. On August 30, a crowd of", "title": "1969 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "79339", "text": "history. After three years of suspension while Cleveland Stadium was demolished and Cleveland Browns Stadium built in its place, the Browns started play again in 1999 under new owner Al Lerner. The Browns struggled throughout the 2000s and 2010s, posting a record of 88–216 () since their 1999 return. The Browns have only posted two winning seasons and one playoff appearance (2002) since returning to the NFL. The team's struggles have been magnified since 2012, when the Lerner family sold the team to businessman Jimmy Haslam. In six seasons under the Haslam ownership, the Browns went through four head coaches", "title": "Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "79333", "text": "in each of the Browns' first ten years of existence. From 1965 to 1995, they made the playoffs 14 times, but did not win another championship or appear in the Super Bowl during that period. In 1995, owner Art Modell, who had purchased the Browns in 1961, announced plans to move the team to Baltimore. After threats of legal action from the city of Cleveland and fans, a compromise was reached in early 1996 that allowed Modell to establish the Baltimore Ravens as a new franchise while retaining the contracts of all Browns personnel. The Browns' intellectual property, including team", "title": "Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "79334", "text": "name, logos, training facility, and history, were kept in trust and the franchise was regarded by the NFL as suspended, with a new team to be established by 1999 either by expansion or relocation. The Browns were announced as an expansion team in 1998 and resumed play in 1999. Since resuming operations in 1999, the Browns have struggled to find success. They have had only two winning seasons (in 2002 and 2007), one playoff appearance (2002), and no playoff wins. The franchise has also been noted for a lack of stability with quarterbacks, having started 30 players in the position", "title": "Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "10058394", "text": "2003 Cleveland Browns season The 2003 Cleveland Browns season was the team’s 55th season and 51st with the National Football League. The Browns were unable to replicate the success from the previous season, and they ended up winning only five games. From 2003 to present (as of 2018), the Browns have missed the playoffs and had only one winning season in 2007. Apart from their AFC North division games, the Browns played against the AFC West and NFC West according to the NFL’s conference rotation, and played the Colts and Patriots based on 2002 standings in their respective AFC divisions.", "title": "2003 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "19820291", "text": "team to have gone winless playing eight games or more and the fourth since the AFL-NFL merger in 1970. In going 0–16, the Browns became the first franchise in NFL history to have multiple seasons with 15 or more losses and the first to start consecutive seasons with at least 14 losses. They were mathematically eliminated from the AFC North title contention in Week 11, extending an active NFL record drought of 25 consecutive seasons without a division title. They were then eliminated from playoff contention in Week 12, extending their franchise record playoff drought to 15 consecutive seasons. With", "title": "2017 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "19820292", "text": "the Buffalo Bills qualifying for the postseason for the first time since 1999, the Browns now have the longest postseason drought in the NFL and the second longest in the four major American sports leagues, only behind the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball. The Browns finished 4th place in the AFC North for the seventh consecutive season in addition to finishing the season with a losing record for the tenth consecutive season, extending a franchise record. It was the first season in which the team lost every home game since 1999. The Browns also extended their road losing streak", "title": "2017 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "17736733", "text": "2014 Cleveland Browns season The 2014 Cleveland Browns season was the franchise's 66th season as a professional sports franchise and its 62nd as a member of the National Football League. It was the first under new head coach Mike Pettine, as former head coach Rob Chudzinski was fired after a 4–12 campaign, as well as the first under new general manager Ray Farmer. The Browns improved upon their overall record, going 7–9 and securing their first season without double digit losses since 2007. However, they failed to make the playoffs for the twelfth consecutive year, the longest postseason drought in", "title": "2014 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "9864747", "text": "The team subsequently reached the playoffs three times in the late 1980s, but fell short of playing in the Super Bowl, the inter-league championship game between the NFL and the rival American Football League (AFL) that started in 1966. When the AFL and NFL merged before the 1970 season, Cleveland became part of the new American Football Conference (AFC). While the Browns made it back to the playoffs in 1971 and 1972, they fell into mediocrity through the mid-1970s. A revival of sorts took place in 1979 and 1980, when quarterback Brian Sipe engineered a series of last-minute wins and", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "10057885", "text": "drought without a division title is the longest active drought in the NFL. 1989 Cleveland Browns season The 1989 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 40th season with the National Football League. It was the Browns' first season with head coach Bud Carson, who had been the defensive coordinator of the New York Jets the previous season. The Browns reached their third AFC Championship Game in four seasons, and for the third time lost to the Denver Broncos. It would be the Browns's fifth consecutive season making the playoffs, but it would be their last playoff season until 1994. Bud", "title": "1989 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "79338", "text": "Browns came to be called the \"Kardiac Kids\". Under Sipe, however, the Browns did not make it past the first round of the playoffs. Quarterback Bernie Kosar, who the Browns drafted in 1985, led the team to three AFC Championship games in the late 1980s but lost each time to the Denver Broncos. In 1995, Modell announced he was relocating the Browns to Baltimore, sowing a mix of outrage and bitterness among Cleveland's dedicated fan base. Negotiations and legal battles led to an agreement where Modell was allowed to move the team, but Cleveland kept the Browns' name, colors and", "title": "Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "10961855", "text": "overall series, 50–40. The two teams have never met in the postseason. The Browns were founded in 1946 as a member of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and named after their head coach, Paul Brown. The Browns dominated the AAFC in its four years of existence and joined the NFL in 1950. Brown lead the Browns to three NFL titles in 1950, 1954, and 1955. In 1963, he was fired by new team owner Art Modell. Brown founded the Bengals, who played their first AFL season in 1968. Two years later, after the AFL-NFL merger, both the Bengals and the", "title": "Bengals–Browns rivalry" }, { "id": "10057975", "text": "1972 Cleveland Browns season The 1972 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 23rd season with the National Football League. 1972 marked the end of a nine-year span in which the Browns made the playoffs seven times; it would be the Browns' last playoff appearance until 1980. The 1972 Cleveland Browns not only made it to the postseason as a wild card team with a 10–4 record, but also nearly pulled off what would have been one of the biggest upsets in team and NFL playoff history. Playing in the AFC divisional round in Miami against a Dolphins team that would", "title": "1972 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10057659", "text": "1994 Cleveland Browns season The 1994 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 45th season with the National Football League. It was the only season that the Browns qualified for the playoffs under head coach Bill Belichick. The Browns finished as the NFL's number one defense in terms of points surrendered per game (12.8 points per game). In the playoffs, Belichick got his first playoff victory as a head coach in the AFC Wild Card Game against his eventual current team, the New England Patriots. Both Vinny Testaverde and falling third-year Bengal David Klingler were picked off twice. Testaverde got the", "title": "1994 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10058104", "text": "1980 Cleveland Browns season The 1980 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 35th overall, and 31st season in the National Football League. The Browns finished the regular season with eleven wins and five losses, and their first division title in since 1971, winning a tiebreaker with the Houston Oilers. The 1980 Cleveland Browns were known as the Kardiac Kids for having several games decided in the final moments. The 1980 season was the first time that Cleveland had qualified for the postseason since 1972. Also, for the second straight year, Browns head coach Sam Rutigliano was named NFL Coach of", "title": "1980 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "9864748", "text": "the Browns came to be called the \"Kardiac Kids\". Under Sipe, however, the Browns did not make it past the first round of the playoffs. Quarterback Bernie Kosar, who the Browns drafted in 1985, led the team to three AFC Championship games in the late 1980s but lost each time. In 1995, Modell announced he was relocating the Browns to Baltimore, sowing a mix of outrage and bitterness among Cleveland's dedicated fan base. Negotiations and legal battles led to an agreement where Modell was allowed to move the team, but Cleveland kept the Browns' name, colors and history. After three", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "79337", "text": "fired Brown before the 1963 season, but the team continued to win behind running back Jim Brown. The Browns won the championship in 1964 and reached the title game the following season, losing to the Green Bay Packers. When the AFL and NFL merged before the 1970 season, Cleveland became part of the new American Football Conference (AFC). While the Browns made it back to the playoffs in 1971 and 1972, they fell into mediocrity through the mid-1970s. A revival of sorts took place in 1979 and 1980, when quarterback Brian Sipe engineered a series of last-minute wins and the", "title": "Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "74048", "text": "pennant, making the World Series in the 1954, 1995, 1997, and 2016 seasons. Between 1995 and 2001, Progressive Field (then known as Jacobs Field) sold out 455 consecutive games, a Major League Baseball record until it was broken in 2008. Historically, the Browns have been among the winningest franchises in American football history winning eight titles during a short period of time—1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1954, 1955, and 1964. The Browns have never played in a Super Bowl, getting close five times by making it to the NFL/AFC Championship Game in 1968, 1969, 1986, , and . Former owner", "title": "Cleveland" }, { "id": "10961862", "text": "the move. The Browns returned to the NFL in 1999. Both teams struggled throughout the next decade. The Browns made a playoff appearance in 2002, while the Bengals made it to the playoffs in 2005 and 2009, although neither team won a playoff game during this time. Both teams had years in which they finished with the worst record in the NFL (the Browns in 1999 and the Bengals in 2002), and thus were awarded the top pick in the following year's draft. On October 10, the teams met for the first time since the Browns' return. The Bengals won", "title": "Bengals–Browns rivalry" }, { "id": "16977103", "text": "2013 Cleveland Browns season The 2013 Cleveland Browns season was the franchise's 65th season as a professional sports franchise and its 61st season as a member of the National Football League. They failed to improve on their 5–11 record from 2012, finishing the year at 4-12 their sixth consecutive 11+ loss season. They also extended their franchise record playoff drought to 11 years. This was the first season under head coach Rob Chudzinski (who was later fired after the season) and new general manager Michael Lombardi (who was later fired in February 2014). This also marked the first full season", "title": "2013 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10057767", "text": "1982 Cleveland Browns season The 1982 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 33rd season with the National Football League. The Browns were among 8 teams that qualified for the playoffs during this strike shorted season, and became one of only four teams to ever qualify for the playoffs despite having a losing record. Browns and the Detroit Lions from the same year are the only two teams with a losing record to qualify as wildcards. In 2010, the Seattle Seahawks became the third team with a losing record to qualify for the playoffs and the first team to win a", "title": "1982 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "16977125", "text": "Browns fell to 4-6. With the loss, the Browns fell to 4-10 (a 3-5 home record) and were eliminated from postseason contention for the eleventh straight season, extending their franchise record for most consecutive seasons without a playoff berth. 2013 Cleveland Browns season The 2013 Cleveland Browns season was the franchise's 65th season as a professional sports franchise and its 61st season as a member of the National Football League. They failed to improve on their 5–11 record from 2012, finishing the year at 4-12 their sixth consecutive 11+ loss season. They also extended their franchise record playoff drought to", "title": "2013 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10057979", "text": "over 30 points only twice all year, posted a shutout and kept foes to 17 points or less eight times. 1972 Cleveland Browns season The 1972 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 23rd season with the National Football League. 1972 marked the end of a nine-year span in which the Browns made the playoffs seven times; it would be the Browns' last playoff appearance until 1980. The 1972 Cleveland Browns not only made it to the postseason as a wild card team with a 10–4 record, but also nearly pulled off what would have been one of the biggest upsets", "title": "1972 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10057834", "text": "the Browns in Three Rivers Stadium. After a week seven loss at home against the Green Bay Packers, the Browns won eight of their last nine regular season games to capture the AFC Central division title and finish the year with a franchise-record 12 wins (against 4 losses). The first round opponent for the Browns in the playoffs was the New York Jets. In a marathon game that lasted over four hours, the Browns won their first playoff game in 18 years, 23–20, on a 27-yard Mark Moseley field goal in double overtime. Eight days later, the Browns hosted the", "title": "1986 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10058341", "text": "1968 Cleveland Browns season The 1968 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 19th season with the National Football League. The Browns made it to the playoffs for the 2nd straight year thanks to an 8-game winning streak and the brilliant play of quarterback Bill Nelsen who replaced Frank Ryan as the starting quarterback prior to week 4 of their season. In a relative sense Browns had not done much since 1965, when they lost to the Green Bay Packers 23–12 in the NFL Championship Game. They finished 9–5 in 1966 and '67, but made the playoffs only in the second", "title": "1968 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10058110", "text": "as one of the franchises sadder moments. 1980 Cleveland Browns season The 1980 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 35th overall, and 31st season in the National Football League. The Browns finished the regular season with eleven wins and five losses, and their first division title in since 1971, winning a tiebreaker with the Houston Oilers. The 1980 Cleveland Browns were known as the Kardiac Kids for having several games decided in the final moments. The 1980 season was the first time that Cleveland had qualified for the postseason since 1972. Also, for the second straight year, Browns head coach", "title": "1980 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "9864794", "text": "a 32-year-old Ryan was benched in favor of Bill Nelsen, the Browns finished with a 10–4 record but lost to the Colts in the playoffs. Another playoff loss ended the Browns' season in 1969, this time to the Minnesota Vikings. After the American Football League's merger with the NFL was finalized in early 1970, the Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers and Baltimore Colts moved to the new American Football Conference along with the 10 teams of the former AFL. The Browns were slotted in the AFC Central in the 26-team league, alongside the Steelers, the Houston Oilers and the Cincinnati Bengals, a", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "4554528", "text": "a punt 66 yards for a touchdown. In his first career playoff game, Holcomb completed 26 of 43 passes for 429 yards, three touchdowns, and an interception. Johnson caught four passes for 140 yards, while Northcutt caught six passes for 92 yards and two touchdowns, and returned two punts for 70 yards. As of the 2017 season, this is the Browns' most recent appearance in the playoffs. The Steelers' comeback earlier in the day was matched by San Francisco's similar late drive, overcoming a 38–14 deficit by scoring 25 unanswered points in the second half. In the first quarter, 49ers", "title": "2002–03 NFL playoffs" }, { "id": "79332", "text": "and coach Paul Brown as a charter member of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). The Browns dominated the AAFC, compiling a 47–4–3 record in the league's four seasons and winning its championship in each. When the AAFC folded after the 1949 season, the Browns joined the National Football League along with the San Francisco 49ers and the original Baltimore Colts. The Browns won a championship in their inaugural NFL season, as well as in the 1954, 1955, and 1964 seasons, and in a feat unequaled in any of the North American major professional sports, played in their league championship game", "title": "Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "10057880", "text": "1989 Cleveland Browns season The 1989 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 40th season with the National Football League. It was the Browns' first season with head coach Bud Carson, who had been the defensive coordinator of the New York Jets the previous season. The Browns reached their third AFC Championship Game in four seasons, and for the third time lost to the Denver Broncos. It would be the Browns's fifth consecutive season making the playoffs, but it would be their last playoff season until 1994. Bud Carson begins his Browns head coaching career with a memorable 51-0 victory over", "title": "1989 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "19122800", "text": "0–10. It was their worst start in franchise history. They are also the first team to begin the season 0–10 since the 2014 Oakland Raiders. The Browns' overall NFL record fell to 461–461–10, marking the first time in franchise history they did not have a record above .500. The Browns hosted the Pittsburgh Steelers, who were coming off a loss against the Cowboys. The Steelers defeated the Browns 24–9, dropping the Browns to 0–11. With the loss, the Browns were mathematically eliminated from postseason contention for the 14th consecutive season. For the second consecutive season, they were the first NFL", "title": "2016 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "9864861", "text": "to contention in 2007. After opening with a 34–7 loss to the Steelers, the Browns traded Frye to the Seahawks and put Anderson in as the starter. In his first start, Anderson led the Browns to a surprise 51–45 win over the Cincinnati Bengals, throwing five touchdown passes and tying the franchise record. More success followed, and the Browns finished the regular season with a 10–6 record, the team's best mark since finishing 11–5 in 1994. While the Browns tied with the Steelers for first place in the AFC North, the team missed the playoffs because of two tie-breaking losses", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "20474867", "text": "quarterback Jeff Driskel, who filled in for an injured Dalton, but the Browns held on for the win. With the win, the Browns improved to 4–6–1. The Browns won consecutive games for the first time since 2014, snapped a 7-game losing streak to the Bengals, and ended their 25-game losing streak in away games, one short of tying the 2007–10 Detroit Lions record of 26 straight away losses. This win also assured the Browns will not be swept by any of their division opponents in a season for the first time since returning to the NFL in 1999. Mayfield was", "title": "2018 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "9864808", "text": "games followed, including one against Green Bay on October 19 in which the team won on a touchdown to receiver Dave Logan on the last play of the game. After a close win over the Steelers and a victory over the Bears in which Sipe broke Otto Graham's club record for career passing yards, the Browns met the Colts and eked out a 28–27 win. The team ended with an 11–5 record. That was good for first place in the AFC Central and a trip to the postseason for the first time since 1972. The Browns began their playoff run", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "19820293", "text": "to 21 games and their losing streak within the division to 17 games, both date back to the 2015 season. A Week 13 loss moved the Browns to 1–27 in their first 28 games under Jackson, surpassing the 1976–77 Tampa Bay Buccaneers for the worst 28 game start (2–26) for a regime in NFL history. The Browns finished the 2017 season with a combined record of 1–31 over the previous two seasons, an NFL record for worst winning percentage over any two season span. After starting 2014 with a 6–3 record heading into Week 11, the Browns went 5–50 in", "title": "2017 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "79336", "text": "first coach. The Browns began play in 1946 in the AAFC. The Browns won each of the league's four championship games before the league dissolved in 1949. The team then moved to the more established National Football League (NFL), where it continued to dominate. Between 1950 and 1955, Cleveland reached the NFL championship game every year, winning three times. McBride and his partners sold the team to a group of Cleveland businessmen in 1953 for a then-unheard-of $600,000. Eight years later, the team was sold again, this time to a group led by New York advertising executive Art Modell. Modell", "title": "Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "11368601", "text": "2008 Cleveland Browns season The 2008 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 60th season as a professional sports franchise and its 56th season as a member of the National Football League (NFL). The Browns finished with a 4–12 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs. The season marked Romeo Crennel's fourth (and what would be final) year as head coach of the Browns. Cleveland played all of their home games at Cleveland Browns Stadium in Cleveland, Ohio. In the 2008 season, the Browns failed to score a touchdown for 24 consecutive quarters. Also from 2008 to present, the Browns", "title": "2008 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "5193514", "text": "Buccaneers after the team's 1976 establishment to win Super Bowl XXXVII in early 2003); none of the four that have been added since 1995 have ever won that contest, with only one, the Carolina Panthers (who reached the game eight years after their founding, and again 12 years later) even playing in the NFL's championship game. The transplantation of the Cleveland Browns' roster to Baltimore and its restocking via expansion has so far crippled the franchise, with it ranking among the worst in league history since the expansion and only appearing in the NFL playoffs once, having yet to win", "title": "Expansion team" }, { "id": "19820290", "text": "2017 Cleveland Browns season The 2017 season was the Cleveland Browns' 69th as a professional sports franchise, their 65th season as a member of the National Football League, their second under head coach Hue Jackson and their second and final season under GM Sashi Brown. The Browns failed to improve upon their 1–15 record from the previous season, losing all sixteen games in 2017 and continuing a losing streak dating to the final game of the previous season. They became the second team in NFL history to go 0–16 after the 2008 Detroit Lions. The Browns became the twelfth NFL", "title": "2017 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10058320", "text": "1967 Cleveland Browns season The 1967 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 18th season with the National Football League. The Browns were back in the playoffs after a one-year absence. They finished 9–5, the same as in 1966, but this time, it was good enough for them to get in as they won the Century Division championship in the first year of play after the NFL split the Eastern and Western conferences into two divisions each. The division race was not close, as the Browns finished two games ahead of the runner-up New York Giants (7–7), their old arch rival", "title": "1967 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10057884", "text": "since the introduction of overtime in regular season games in 1974 The Browns would not record another tie until Week 1 of the 2018 season. With the AFC Central title and a wild-card berth at stake, The Browns blow a 17-point lead before bouncing back to defeat the Oilers, 24-20 at the Astrodome. The Browns march 58 yards with no timeouts and Kevin Mack scores on a 4-yard touchdown run with 39 seconds left to save the day. As of December 2018, the 1989 season marks the last time that the Browns have won a division title. The 26 season", "title": "1989 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "19820329", "text": "season. The Browns became the first team since the 1999 and 2000 Browns to have the #1 overall pick in back-to-back drafts, and the first non-expansion team to do so since the 1994 and 1995 Cincinnati Bengals. In one last effort to avoid a 0-16 season, the Browns played their final regular season game against their divisional rivals the Pittsburgh Steelers at Heinz Field. The Browns were competitive throughout the game due to the Steelers, who had been effectively locked into the #2 seed in the playoffs, resting most of their starters. The Steelers took an early lead in the", "title": "2017 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "9864799", "text": "Cleveland in playoff contention through most of the 1960s. Gene Hickerson, an anchor on the offensive line in the 1960s, retired at the end of the 1973 season. An aging Leroy Kelly left the same year to play in the short-lived World Football League. Offensive lineman Dick Schafrath, a six-time Pro Bowl selection, retired in 1971. Against that backdrop, the Browns finished the 1974 season with a 4–10 record, only the second losing season in the team's history. Phipps' woes persisted, and he shared playing time with rookie quarterback Brian Sipe, who Cleveland selected in the 13th round of the", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "10057829", "text": "AFC Championship games that the Browns would reach in four seasons, all losses to Denver. It remains the best post-merger Browns season as of 2017. The 1986 Browns finished 12–4 to not only win the division again, but also set a franchise record for regular-season victories in the NFL in addition to securing home-field advantage throughout the AFC playoffs. In one of the most pulsating games in club history, the Browns edged the New York Jets 23–20 in double-overtime in the divisional playoffs. Then, in maybe the most disappointing contest in team annals, the Browns lost to the Denver Broncos", "title": "1986 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "20474871", "text": "first alternate, RB Nick Chubb and P Britton Colquitt second alternates, WR Jarvis Landry a third alternate, and QB Baker Mayfield and G Kevin Zeitler were named fourth alternates at their respective positions. 2018 Cleveland Browns season The 2018 season is the Cleveland Browns' 70th season as a professional sports franchise, their 66th season as a member of the NFL, and their first full season under general manager John Dorsey. It was their third and final season under head coach Hue Jackson. The Browns improved upon their 2017 campaign in which they went a franchise worst 0–16. They will also", "title": "2018 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "9864888", "text": "season, Brown was fired as executive vice president of football operations on December 7, 2017, and hired John Dorsey as general manager the same day, making him the ninth general manager/head of personnel since the Browns' return in 1999, and the fifth in the Haslam ownership era. The Browns finished the 2017 season with an 0–16 record, becoming only the second team in league history to do so, and for the second straight season giving the team the #1 pick in the 2018 NFL Draft (along with the #4 pick, which was previously acquired via trade from Houston). On opening", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "9619966", "text": "giving up their third- and fourth-round picks in the 2007 draft and swapping sixth-round picks with the Cowboys. During the off-season, the Browns signed key free agents Eric Steinbach (Cincinnati, offensive guard), Jamal Lewis (Baltimore, running back), and Robaire Smith (Tennessee, defensive end). The Browns ultimately finished the season with a 10–6 record but nevertheless failed to qualify for the playoffs. They were beaten for the division title on a tiebreaker by the Pittsburgh Steelers and lost another tiebreaker for a wildcard berth to the Tennessee Titans. As of the 2017 NFL season, this remains the best record and the", "title": "2007 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "14145020", "text": "Hillis, who became the first white running back to rush for over 1,000 yards in a season in 25 years. With the loss, the Browns fell to 5–8 and were eliminated from playoff contention. This marks the eighth consecutive season in which the Browns failed to make the playoffs, a franchise record. First quarter Second quarter Fourth quarter Colt McCoy returned for the Cleveland Browns' week 15 Battle of Ohio against the Cincinnati Bengals. The Browns scored on their opening drive on a 20-yard pass from McCoy to Robert Royal. The Bengals answered with Cedric Benson's 18-yard run to tie", "title": "2010 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "19799730", "text": "donations to his charity, the P.U.N.T. Foundation, which has extensive operations in Western New York. As a result of Buffalo making it into the NFL playoffs for the first time since 1999, the Cleveland Browns now hold the longest NFL postseason drought at 15 seasons. MLB's Seattle Mariners hold the longest such drought in all North American sports at 17 seasons. The Bills were looking to win their first playoff game since 1995, as they faced the #3-seeded Jacksonville Jaguars, another team that has recently ended a lengthy playoff drought. Despite taking a 3–0 lead shortly before halftime on a", "title": "2017 Buffalo Bills season" }, { "id": "10058345", "text": "hand Baltimore its only loss in a 13–1 season. The following were selected in the 1968 NFL Draft. 1968 Cleveland Browns season The 1968 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 19th season with the National Football League. The Browns made it to the playoffs for the 2nd straight year thanks to an 8-game winning streak and the brilliant play of quarterback Bill Nelsen who replaced Frank Ryan as the starting quarterback prior to week 4 of their season. In a relative sense Browns had not done much since 1965, when they lost to the Green Bay Packers 23–12 in the", "title": "1968 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "15190094", "text": "2011 Cleveland Browns season The 2011 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 63rd season as a professional sports franchise and its 59th season as a member of the National Football League (NFL). The team had hoped to improve on its 2010 season, where it finished with a record of 5–11 and placed third in the AFC North, however, the team was eliminated from playoff contention in Week 14. This season marked the second season under the leadership of team president Mike Holmgren and general manager Tom Heckert, as well as the first season under head coach Pat Shurmur. The Browns", "title": "2011 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "17736755", "text": "in a season for the first time since 2010, snapped a 5-game road losing streak to the Bengals and a 17-game road losing streak to division foes (both of which began in 2008). The Browns’ 6–3 record is the franchise's best 9-game start since returning to the league in 1999, and their best start since the 1994 season when the Browns opened the season with a 7–2 record. With the convincing win on Thursday night in front of a national audience, and after a Steelers loss on Sunday, the Browns held sole possession of first place in the AFC North,", "title": "2014 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "2435461", "text": "Otto Graham Otto Everett Graham Jr. (December 6, 1921 – December 17, 2003) was an American football quarterback who played for the Cleveland Browns in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and National Football League (NFL). Graham is regarded by critics as one of the most dominant players of his era, having taken the Browns to league championship games every year between 1946 and 1955, winning seven of them. With Graham at quarterback, the Browns posted a record of 114 wins, 20 losses, and four ties, including a 9–3 win–loss record in the playoffs. While most of Graham's statistical records have", "title": "Otto Graham" }, { "id": "9864879", "text": "in which Ravens safety Will Hill return a blocked field goal 64 yards for a touchdown on the game's final play. The Browns lost at home 37-3 to the division-rival Cincinnati Bengals the following week, dropping the team´s record to 2-10 and making them the first team in the 2015 season to be mathematically eliminated from playoff contention. On January 3, 2016, soon after the final game of the season (a 28-12 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers), both Ray Farmer and Mike Pettine were fired from their respective positions as general manager and head coach. Cleveland started the season with", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "10802271", "text": "hit rock-bottom in the 2017 season, where, under head coach Hue Jackson, the Browns went a league-worst and franchise record-worst 0-16, becoming just the second team in NFL history since the implementation of the 16-game season (after the 2008 Detroit Lions) to lose every game in a season. The Cleveland Cavaliers are a professional basketball team who have played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) since 1970. Over the franchise's first 16 years, the team produced just three winning seasons, the highlight being the 1975–76 \"Miracle at Richfield\" team, whose improbable playoff run was doomed by an injury to Jim", "title": "Cleveland sports curse" }, { "id": "9864830", "text": "the clock. The victory set up the third AFC championship matchup in four years between the Browns and Broncos. The Broncos led from start to finish, and a long Elway touchdown pass to Sammy Winder put the game way in the fourth quarter. Denver won 37–21. The defeat in Mile High Stadium proved to be the last of Cleveland's streak of playoff appearances in the mid- to late-1980s. Kosar played through numerous injuries in 1989, including bruising on his right arm and a bad knee. Strong defense had carried the Browns to the playoffs even when the offense faltered, but", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "10057931", "text": "1971 Cleveland Browns season The 1971 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 22nd season with the National Football League. After missing the playoffs the previous year, the Browns got off to a good start at 4–1 only to stumble losing 4 straight to fall to 4–5. However, the Browns would rebound to win the final 5 games of the season for the AFC Central Division title. Just as the 1967 Browns returned to the playoffs following a one-year absence, so, too, did the '71 club, which was in its first season under new head coach Nick Skorich after Blanton Collier's", "title": "1971 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "19820332", "text": "the Steelers on downs and sealing the Browns' fate. With the loss, the Browns became the second team in NFL history to finish 0-16 after the 2008 Detroit Lions. Hue Jackson's career record with the Browns fell to 1-31, the worst 32-game record since the league adapted a 16-game schedule in 1978. The Browns tied their franchise record of 17 straight losses. It also was their 21st consecutive road loss, 17th consecutive loss against a divisional opponent, and 14th consecutive loss in Pittsburgh. The Browns lost 50 of 55 games between Week 10 of the 2014 season and the end", "title": "2017 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "7852592", "text": "spent seven years with the Bengals. On January 13, 2016, Jackson was hired as head coach of the Cleveland Browns. On December 18, 2016, Jackson became the first NFL coach since Rod Marinelli in 2008 to start a season 0–14. Jackson got his first win with the Browns in a 20–17 victory over the San Diego Chargers on December 24, 2016. The Browns finished the season with a 1–15 record, finishing last in the NFL. The Browns finished the 2017 season without a single win, making the Browns the second team in league history to finish with a 0–16 record.", "title": "Hue Jackson" }, { "id": "16177464", "text": "a 93-yard punt return by Travis Benjamin (the longest punt return for a touchdown in franchise history), the Browns defeated the Kansas City Chiefs 30–7 for their first three-game win streak since 2009, improving their current season to 5–8 and 3–0 against the AFC West. With losses by the Bengals and Steelers (both 7–6), the Browns still remain in playoff contention moving up to only two games behind their two longest rivals. This remained the Browns' only December victory until a 24–10 win over the San Francisco 49ers in 2015. With the loss, the Browns fell to 5–9 and were", "title": "2012 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "12708269", "text": "playoffs, and a 10–6 finish in 2007 while barely missing the playoffs. Meanwhile, the Ravens have been more successful, reaching the playoffs eight times since 2000 and winning Super Bowl XXXV and Super Bowl XLVII, often to the dismay of Browns fans. Longtime placekicker Matt Stover was the last remaining Ravens player that played for the Modell-owned Browns – he departed the Ravens following the 2008 season when the team chose not to re-sign him, finishing his career with the Indianapolis Colts. General manager and former Browns tight end Ozzie Newsome (who was in a front-office role under Modell in", "title": "Cleveland Browns relocation controversy" }, { "id": "19820335", "text": "parade organization raised over $17,000 of charitable donations which went to the Cleveland Food Bank. 2017 Cleveland Browns season The 2017 season was the Cleveland Browns' 69th as a professional sports franchise, their 65th season as a member of the National Football League, their second under head coach Hue Jackson and their second and final season under GM Sashi Brown. The Browns failed to improve upon their 1–15 record from the previous season, losing all sixteen games in 2017 and continuing a losing streak dating to the final game of the previous season. They became the second team in NFL", "title": "2017 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "16177435", "text": "2012 Cleveland Browns season The 2012 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 64th season as a professional sports franchise and its 60th season as a member of the National Football League (NFL). Although the team improved on its record to 5–11 this 2012 season from its 4–12 finish in 2011, the team still placed fourth in the AFC North. The team also failed to break its 9-year playoff drought, the longest in franchise history. The 2012 season was the third season under the leadership of team president Mike Holmgren and general manager Tom Heckert and the second season under head", "title": "2012 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10062612", "text": "All-America Football Conference playoffs The All-America Football Conference (AAFC) was an American football league which challenged the established National Football League (NFL) from 1946 to 1949. From 1946 to 1948, the AAFC determined its champion in a title game between the winners of its two divisions. In 1948, a special playoff game was needed to break a first-place tie in one of the divisions. In 1949, the league contracted to a single division, so it determined its champion by a four-team single-elimination tournament. The Cleveland Browns won all four AAFC titles, however their domination and the lack of balance that", "title": "All-America Football Conference playoffs" }, { "id": "9864801", "text": "losing streak in Cleveland's history. Gregg's first win did not come until November 23 against Paul Brown's Cincinnati Bengals, and Cleveland finished with a 3–11 record. The team improved the following year, ending with a 9–5 record but missing the playoffs. The highlight of that season was an 18–16 victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers on October 10. Kicker Don Cockroft booted four field goals, while defensive end Joe \"Turkey\" Jones' pile-driving sack of quarterback Terry Bradshaw added fuel to the heated rivalry between the teams. While Gregg won the NFL's Coach of the Year award for turning the Browns around", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "19820295", "text": "on March 14, 2018 following the season. The season saw the Browns play in London for the first time in franchise history, where they lost to the Minnesota Vikings 33–16 on October 29. On January 7, the Browns fired defensive coordinator Ray Horton. A day later, they hired Gregg Williams as his replacement. Williams had previously served as the defensive coordinator for the Los Angeles Rams. On January 9, associate head coach Pep Hamilton left the Browns to become assistant head coach at the University of Michigan. Hamilton was also the Browns' quarterbacks coach. On January 10, the Browns fired", "title": "2017 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "9864887", "text": "games, which combined with losing their last three games in 2015, gave the team a franchise record 17 game losing streak. On December 24, in a game that has since been dubbed \"The Christmas Miracle\", the Browns defeated the San Diego Chargers 20-17. The Browns then lost their last game of the season to finish 1-15 - then the worst record in team history. With that final game loss, the Browns clinched the #1 pick in the 2017 NFL Draft, with which the Browns selected Myles Garrett, a defensive end from Texas A&M. In the midst of a disappointing 2017", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "9864789", "text": "season. Collins was named the game's MVP. This would be the last time that any professional sports team from Cleveland would win a league title until 2016, when the NBA's Cleveland Cavaliers won the 2016 NBA Finals. To date, this remains the last time that the Browns have won the NFL title. The following year was a strong one as Jim Brown gritted out another league-leading rushing season. The Browns ended with an 11–3 record and comfortably won the eastern division. That set up a second straight appearance in the NFL Championship game against the Packers on a slippery, mucky", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "16177468", "text": "alternates at their respective positions. 2012 Cleveland Browns season The 2012 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 64th season as a professional sports franchise and its 60th season as a member of the National Football League (NFL). Although the team improved on its record to 5–11 this 2012 season from its 4–12 finish in 2011, the team still placed fourth in the AFC North. The team also failed to break its 9-year playoff drought, the longest in franchise history. The 2012 season was the third season under the leadership of team president Mike Holmgren and general manager Tom Heckert and", "title": "2012 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "19122809", "text": "the NFL and secured the #1 overall pick in the 2017 NFL Draft. This marked the beginning of a 17 game losing streak continuing through the 2017 season and ending with a tie in Week 1 of the 2018 season. 2016 Cleveland Browns season The 2016 Cleveland Browns season was the franchise's 68th season as a professional sports franchise, its 64th as a member of the National Football League and its first under head coach Hue Jackson and \"de facto\" general manager Sashi Brown. The Browns failed to improve upon their 3–13 record from their previous season, finishing 1–15, their", "title": "2016 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10057674", "text": "1995 Cleveland Browns season The 1995 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 50th season overall and 46th in the National Football League. After finishing 11–5 in 1994 under head coach Bill Belichick and winning a playoff game for the first time since 1989, the Browns were favored by many to reach Cleveland's first ever Super Bowl. The Browns started by winning three of their first four games, but lost three straight in the middle of the season and finished the first half of the season at 4–4. The day after the Browns recorded their fifth loss, a 10–37 blowout to", "title": "1995 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10057828", "text": "1986 Cleveland Browns season The 1986 Cleveland Browns season was the team’s 37th season with the National Football League. The death of Don Rogers, a promising young defensive back who was preparing to enter his third season in the NFL, cast a black cloud over the team as it prepared for the 1986 season. Cleveland won their first postseason game since 1969, and for the first time in franchise history, the Browns reached the AFC Championship Game, where they would eventually fall to the Denver Broncos, in the game famous for “The Drive.” It would be the first of three", "title": "1986 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "79370", "text": "enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame with a total of 16 enshrined players elected based on their performance with the Browns, and eight more players or coaches elected who spent at least one year with the Browns franchise. No Browns players were inducted in the inaugural induction class of 1963. Otto Graham was the first Browns player to be enshrined as a member of the class of 1965, and the most recent Browns player to be included in the Pro Football Hall of Fame is Gene Hickerson, who was a member of the class of 2007. All of", "title": "Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "10057900", "text": "1970 Cleveland Browns season The 1970 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 21st season with the National Football League. The Browns attempted to improve on its 10-3-1 record from 1969. The team would fail to do so, and they finished with an even 7-7 record and missed the postseason. This was the first season that the Browns would play the Cincinnati Bengals, their new arch-rival in the AFC Central. The 2 teams split their 2 meetings in the first season series. The merger between the NFL and AFL was complete, with the leagues now playing each other in the regular", "title": "1970 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "9864817", "text": "Kosar and a cast of talented players on offense and defense, the team reached greater heights than Rutigliano and Sipe ever did. Though they became consistent playoff contenders in this era, the Browns did not reach the Super Bowl, falling one win short three times in the late 1980s. Kosar, who wanted to play for Cleveland because his family lived in a suburb of nearby Youngstown, Ohio, signed a five-year contract worth nearly $6 million in 1985 and was immediately embraced by the Browns organization and the team's fans. \"It's not an everyday occurrence that somebody \"wants\" to play in", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "10058293", "text": "defeated the defending champion Golden State Warriors in a seven-game NBA Finals. Not only is it remembered in Cleveland but ESPN ranks the '64 title game as the second-greatest NFL postseason upset, behind only Joe Namath's guaranteed win over the Colts in Super Bowl III four seasons later. Notes: Notes: Notes: Pro Bowl 1964 Cleveland Browns season The 1964 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 19th season, and 15th season with the National Football League. The Browns won the NFL Championship, despite having not made the playoffs in six seasons. The regular season was a success with the Browns finishing", "title": "1964 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "17736779", "text": "on IR; practice squad QB Connor Shaw is taking first-team reps, and Tyler Thigpen was signed to a temporary contract. On December 26, due to injuries to both Hoyer and Manziel, Connor Shaw was announced to be the starting quarterback for the Browns’ Week 17 matchup against the Ravens. On December 27, Browns’ WR Josh Gordon was suspended for the season finale for a violation of team rules. He will be the first player to lead the NFL in receiving and then fail to score a touchdown the following season since Raymond Berry in 1961. In the season finale against", "title": "2014 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "20474870", "text": "the Broncos that dated back to 1990. On the following day, the Steelers defeated the Patriots to improve to 8–5–1 and mathematically eliminated the Browns from AFC North title contention. This will be the Browns' 26th consecutive season without a division title, the longest active streak in the NFL. Two Browns players, DE Myles Garrett and CB Denzel Ward, were named to the AFC Roster for the 2019 Pro Bowl. Garret will start in the game, while Ward will be a reserve. This marks the first Pro Bowl appearance for both players In addition, G Joel Bitonio was named a", "title": "2018 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "9864792", "text": "nine-year career, Brown held records for most rushing yards in a game, a season and a career. He also owned the record for all-purpose yards in a career and best average per carry for a running back at 5.22 yards, a mark that still stands. With Brown gone, halfback Leroy Kelly became the team's primary rusher in 1966. Kelly, an eighth-round draft choice who saw limited playing time in two years as a backup, ably filled his predecessor's shoes. Cleveland missed the playoffs in 1966, but made it to the postseason the following year after a realignment of the NFL's", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "9864763", "text": "Behind an offense that featured Graham, Groza, Motley, Lavelli and running back Dub Jones, Cleveland finished the 1950 season with a 10–2 record, tied for first place in the Eastern Conference. After winning a playoff game against the New York Giants, the Browns advanced to the NFL championship match against the Los Angeles Rams in Cleveland. The Browns won 30–28 on a last-minute Groza field goal. Fans stormed the field after the victory, carting off the goalposts, ripping off one player's jersey and setting a bonfire in the bleachers. \"It was the greatest game I ever saw\", Brown later said.", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "811390", "text": "the Browns played three games in eight days. New Dodgers' part-owner Branch Rickey (of baseball fame) suggested this experiment, and the Browns were chosen as the guinea pigs. They survived unscathed, and went on to complete an unprecedented 14–0 regular season. The 49ers finished a heartbreaking second (and out of the postseason) at 12–2. Los Angeles followed at 7–7, and Chicago again finished last at 1–13. The quarterbacks of the two outstanding teams, Cleveland's Otto Graham and San Francisco's Frankie Albert, shared the MVP. In the East, Buffalo and Baltimore tied at a mediocre 7–7, just ahead of 6–8 New", "title": "All-America Football Conference" }, { "id": "9864889", "text": "day of the 2018 NFL season, the Browns tied the Pittsburgh Steelers with 21 points after neither team scored in overtime, ending the Browns losing streak at 17 games. However, their winless streak extended to 18 games. On September 20, the Browns defeated the Jets, 21-17 to win their first game since week 16 of the 2016 season, ending their winless streak at 19 games, which was the 4th longest in NFL history. History of the Cleveland Browns The history of the Cleveland Browns American football team began in 1944 when taxi-cab magnate Arthur B. \"Mickey\" McBride secured a Cleveland,", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "16177438", "text": "From 2003–2005, he was the offensive coordinator of the Philadelphia Eagles, where he worked with current Browns' head coach Pat Shurmur. The draft occurred from April 26–28. The Browns had an NFL-high eleven selections. NOTES: On July 12, the Browns selected WR Josh Gordon of Baylor with a second round pick in the supplemental draft. The Browns will forfeit their second round pick in the 2013 NFL Draft. Gordon became only the second player drafted by the Browns in the supplemental draft, the other being QB Bernie Kosar in 1985. On May 2, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell announced a three-game", "title": "2012 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "16177465", "text": "eliminated from the postseason contention. This loss clinched the team's fifth straight losing season and 12th in the 14 years since rejoining the NFL. The Browns were 4–4 in home games. With the loss, the Browns dropped to 5–10 on the season, and as a result they officially clinched fourth place in the AFC North for the second straight season since they still remained two games behind the third-placed Steelers (7–8), who got booted from the playoff race by the Bengals earlier that day. Next week the Browns look to win in Pittsburgh for the first time since 2003, and", "title": "2012 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "20474849", "text": "as special teams coordinator, Todd Haley as offensive coordinator, and Freddie Kitchens as running backs/assistant head coach. On February 8, the Browns hired Sam Shade as assistant special teams coach. On March 9, the Browns hired former return specialist Josh Cribbs as special teams intern. Trade notes The Browns added and released the following players during the 2018 off-season: <nowiki>*</nowiki> Browns claimed player off waivers after he signed as an undrafted free agent with another team and was waived. The Browns opened training camp on July 26. The Browns' training camp and preseason was featured on the HBO series \"Hard", "title": "2018 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "17736774", "text": "With the loss, the Browns dropped their third consecutive game as they fell to 7–7 on the season (4–4 at home), remained in 4th place in the AFC North, and were mathematically eliminated from AFC North title contention. The Browns have now gone 22 consecutive seasons without a division title, the longest active drought in the league. After a 6–3 start, they went 1–4 in their last five games, including an 0–3 record in their last three home games. It was the fourth time in five games that the offense failed to score more than 10 points. On Saturday, December", "title": "2014 Cleveland Browns season" }, { "id": "10802266", "text": "the AFC Championship game in the 1989–90 season, again . As of the 2017 NFL season, the Browns have not returned to the AFC Championship Game since and remain one of four teams to never play in a Super Bowl, along with the Detroit Lions, Houston Texans, and Jacksonville Jaguars. The Browns were at the center of a relocation controversy in 1995. The decision by then-Browns owner Art Modell to move the Browns, which had been an 11–5 team the previous season, to Baltimore infuriated and confused Browns fans. After negotiations with the NFL and the city of Cleveland, Modell", "title": "Cleveland sports curse" }, { "id": "9864853", "text": "ended the game with 48 seconds on the clock and left the field as objects rained down on them from the stands. After most of the fans had left, NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue called and ordered the game to be completed. Jacksonville ran down the clock for the win, and the Browns finished the season at 7–9. Cleveland improved again in 2002, but Lerner did not live to see his team make the playoffs. He died in October 2002 at 69 of brain cancer. Browns players wore a patch with the initials \"AL\" for the remainder of the season. Ownership", "title": "History of the Cleveland Browns" }, { "id": "4432266", "text": "a slow start, the Browns rose to the top of the divisional standings, twice beating the Pittsburgh Steelers and ending a 16-game losing streak at Three Rivers Stadium. A 12–4 record earned Cleveland home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. The Browns' first opponents in the 1986 playoffs were the New York Jets. Kicker Mark Moseley made a field goal and won the game for the Browns 23–20. It was the team's first playoff victory in 17 years. The following week, the Browns matched up against the Denver Broncos in the AFC Championship game in Cleveland. Denver got out to an early", "title": "Marty Schottenheimer" }, { "id": "10058092", "text": "1979 Cleveland Browns season The 1979 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 30th season with the National Football League. In a season which could be titled \"The Birth of The Kardiac Kids\" the Browns, who finished 9–7, nearly made the playoffs while involved in a number of close games. They won their first three contests, all by three points, over the New York Jets in overtime 25–22, Kansas City Chiefs 27–24 and Baltimore Colts 13–10. They lost to the Washington Redskins by four points, 13–9, midway through the season, then beat the Cincinnati Bengals by one, 28–27, the following Sunday", "title": "1979 Cleveland Browns season" } ]

[ "Nora Arnezeder" ]

[ { "id": "15581690", "text": "In November 2014, Arnezeder was cast in the CBS series \"Zoo\", based on the novel by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge. \"Zoo\" premiered in June 2015. Recently, Arnezeder participated in the series \"Mozart in the Jungle\" playing Anna Maria, the wife of the main character, Rodrigo (Gael Garcia Bernal). The show won two Golden Globes. In 2017, Arnezeder was named among top 3 most influential French actresses in Vanity Fair alongside Marion Cotillard and Isabelle Huppert. On April 26, 2018, it was announced that Arnezeder was cast in the series regular role of Evelyn Rey on the YouTube science fiction", "title": "Nora Arnezeder" }, { "id": "17812502", "text": "Gustavo Dudamel, alongside Lola Kirke, Malcolm McDowell, Saffron Burrows, Hannah Dunne, Peter Vack, and Bernadette Peters. The first season premiered in full on December 23, 2014. The show's renewal for a second season was announced by Amazon on February 18, 2015. All episodes of the second season were made available online on December 30, 2015. On February 9, 2016 a third season was announced. All episodes of the third season were made available online on December 9, 2016. On January 30, 2017, Amazon announced that the series had been renewed for a fourth season, which was released on February 16,", "title": "Mozart in the Jungle" }, { "id": "5683166", "text": "divorced about seven years later. On March 11, 2016, Martínez sang Bach/Gounod's \"Ave Maria\" and \"Pie Jesu\" from Fauré's Requiem during the funeral services of First Lady Nancy Reagan. She provided the singing voice for Monica Bellucci's character in the third season of \"Mozart in the Jungle\". Martínez has won prizes including the Pepita Embil Award, Operalia, and first prize at the Eleanor McCollum Awards. She won a Latin Grammy in 2001 for Classical Album for Isaac Albéniz's \"Merlin\" with Carlos Álvarez, Plácido Domingo, Jane Henschel and conductor José de Eusebio with the Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid. Ana María Martínez", "title": "Ana María Martínez" }, { "id": "17812506", "text": "Vítězslava Kaprálová, Isabella Leonarda, Nannerl Mozart and Fanny Mendelssohn. The fourth season featured Pulitzer Prize-winning contemporary composer Caroline Shaw appearing as herself (and the characters perform one of her actual compositions). Composer Paola Prestini also makes a brief cameo in season four, playing one of her own compositions. The first season of the series received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the series a 'fresh' 95% rating based on 20 critic reviews, with the critical consensus \"Though confined to the isolated world of classical music, Mozart in the Jungle's Gael Garcia Bernal makes this charming little show", "title": "Mozart in the Jungle" }, { "id": "17812501", "text": "Mozart in the Jungle Mozart in the Jungle is an American comedy-drama web television series developed by Roman Coppola, Jason Schwartzman, Alex Timbers, and Paul Weitz for the video on demand service Amazon Video. The show received a production order in March 2014. The story was inspired by \"Mozart in the Jungle: Sex, Drugs, and Classical Music\", oboist Blair Tindall's 2005 memoir of her professional career in New York, playing various high-profile gigs with ensembles including the New York Philharmonic and the orchestras of numerous Broadway shows. The series stars Gael García Bernal as Rodrigo, a character based on conductor", "title": "Mozart in the Jungle" }, { "id": "17812503", "text": "2018. On April 6, 2018, Amazon canceled the show after four seasons. The many oboe solos played by the protagonist and other characters throughout the series are performed by Lelie Resnick, principal oboist of the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra, while the character of Rodrigo is loosely based on Gustavo Dudamel, the Venezuelan music director of the Los Angeles Philharmonic. Dudamel coached García Bernal before the latter conducted, in the character of Rodrigo, for a real performance of the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the Hollywood Bowl, scenes of which were used for the second season opener. Dudamel has a cameo in that", "title": "Mozart in the Jungle" }, { "id": "18236772", "text": "Lola Kirke Lola Clementine C Kirke (born 27 September 1990) is an English-born American actress and singer-songwriter, best known for her starring roles in \"Mistress America\" and the Amazon Studios television series \"Mozart in the Jungle.\" She is also known for her supporting role in David Fincher's \"Gone Girl.\" Kirke was born in Westminster, London, England, and raised in New York City from the age of five. Her father, Simon Kirke, was drummer for the rock bands Bad Company and Free. Her mother is Lorraine (née Dellal) Kirke, the owner of Geminola, a vintage boutique in New York City that", "title": "Lola Kirke" }, { "id": "1624591", "text": "Roses\" (from \"\") at the urging of the workshop cast. She also appeared in the season 1 finale, \"Bombshell\" (May 2012), to celebrate Ivy's presumed role as Marilyn, in \"The Parents\" episode (April 2013), where, as Leigh, she sings an original Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman song, \"Hang the Moon\", and in the episodes \"Opening Night\" (April 2013) and \"The Phenomenon\" (May 2013). From 2014 to 2018, Peters played Gloria, the chairwoman of the orchestra board in \"Mozart in the Jungle\", a web video series by Amazon Studios based on Blair Tindall's memoir of the same name. The show was", "title": "Bernadette Peters" }, { "id": "3307862", "text": "first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor — Television Series Musical Or Comedy for \"Mozart in the Jungle\". In 2016, \"Time\" Magazine named him in the annual \"Time 100\" most influential people list. García Bernal was born in Guadalajara, Mexico, the son of Patricia Bernal, an actress and former model, and José Ángel García, an actor and director. His stepfather is Sergio Yazbek, whom his mother married when García Bernal was young. He started acting at just a year old and spent most of his teen years starring in telenovelas. When he was fourteen, he taught indigenous people in Mexico", "title": "Gael García Bernal" }, { "id": "17812508", "text": "what will become of them without expecting or rooting for any particular outcome.\" Kory Grow of \"Rolling Stone\" also praised the series, writing that \"[t]hanks to quirky scripts and a smart ensemble cast... it comes off whimsical without ringing off-pitch.\" Tim Goodman of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" also gave the first season a positive review. \"Bernal is both likable and magnetic, and makes the eclectic maestro surge on the screen. He alone is worth streaming the series, but, thankfully, there's a lot more going on here.\" Brian Lowry, writing for \"Variety\", also lauded the series. \"While Mozart is surely a niche", "title": "Mozart in the Jungle" }, { "id": "17812504", "text": "episode, acting as a stagehand trying to convince Rodrigo to move to Los Angeles. Other musicians that have cameos in the series are violinist Joshua Bell, pianists Emanuel Ax and Lang Lang, composers Anton Coppola and Nico Muhly, Broadway star Brian d'Arcy James and conductors Alan Gilbert and Bernard Uzan. Blair Tindall, oboist and writer of the book on which the series is based, also appears in a cameo. Much of the original music for the show (most notably \"Impromptu,\" and other work presented within the show's continuity as by Thomas Pembridge) is composed by acclaimed contemporary composer Missy Mazzoli.", "title": "Mozart in the Jungle" }, { "id": "18236775", "text": "10 August 2018, by Downtown Records. Lola Kirke Lola Clementine C Kirke (born 27 September 1990) is an English-born American actress and singer-songwriter, best known for her starring roles in \"Mistress America\" and the Amazon Studios television series \"Mozart in the Jungle.\" She is also known for her supporting role in David Fincher's \"Gone Girl.\" Kirke was born in Westminster, London, England, and raised in New York City from the age of five. Her father, Simon Kirke, was drummer for the rock bands Bad Company and Free. Her mother is Lorraine (née Dellal) Kirke, the owner of Geminola, a vintage", "title": "Lola Kirke" }, { "id": "17812509", "text": "confection, the show generally shines by proving long on charm even when it's short on laughs.\" In a more mixed review, Jeff Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the series a B-. While socially-minded critics have praised the show's push for gender equity, the almost all-white orchestra and main cast has drawn fire from critics at NPR for being unrealistic, given the prevalence of East Asian musicians in real-life orchestras. Mozart in the Jungle Mozart in the Jungle is an American comedy-drama web television series developed by Roman Coppola, Jason Schwartzman, Alex Timbers, and Paul Weitz for the video on demand", "title": "Mozart in the Jungle" }, { "id": "5269087", "text": "Saffron Burrows Saffron Dominique Burrows (born 22 October 1972) is a British-American actress and model. Burrows has appeared in films such as \"Circle of Friends,\" \"Wing Commander,\" \"Deep Blue Sea,\" \"Gangster No. 1,\" \"Enigma,\" \"Troy,\" \"Reign Over Me\" and \"The Bank Job.\" On the small screen she has starred as Lorraine Weller on \"Boston Legal,\" Dr. Norah Skinner on \"My Own Worst Enemy,\" and Detective Serena Stevens on \".\" She appeared as Cynthia Taylor on the Amazon Video series \"Mozart in the Jungle.\" An only child, Burrows was born in London, England. Both her parents are socialists. Her father is", "title": "Saffron Burrows" }, { "id": "5269096", "text": "and Los Angeles. In 2013 and 2014, Burrows joined the ranks of the Marvel Cinematic Universe on the ABC television show \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" where she played the S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Victoria Hand in a recurring role. She starred in the Amazon Video show \"Mozart in the Jungle\" as Cynthia Taylor, a philandering cellist with the New York Symphony. The series ran for four seasons from 2014 to 2018. Burrows has written diaries, book reviews and newspaper and magazine articles for \"The Guardian\", \"The Independent\", and \"The Times\" and the \"New Statesman\". Burrows lived in Paris for five years as a", "title": "Saffron Burrows" }, { "id": "3307870", "text": "in the lead role of Rodrigo de Souza in the Amazon Studios comedy-drama television series \"Mozart in the Jungle\". His performance in the show was met with rave reviews, earning him a Golden Globe Award in 2016. In 2016, he starred in two movies selected to enter the competition for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, \"Desierto\" (Mexico) and \"Neruda\" (Chile). In 2017, he was announced as a member of the U.S. Dramatic Jury at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival. That same year, he provided the voice of Héctor, an undead trickster and one of the main protagonists", "title": "Gael García Bernal" }, { "id": "19915159", "text": "and Karl was wanted by the authorities. On February 10, 2016, Daniel Radcliffe joined the cast. On March 21, 2016, Thomas Kretschmann and Alex Russell also joined the cast. Principal photography began on March 19, 2016 and ended on April 13, 2016. The film premiered at the Melbourne International Film Festival on August 3, 2017. It was released in Australia on November 9, 2017, by Umbrella Entertainment. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 54%, based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 48 out", "title": "Jungle (2017 film)" }, { "id": "17812505", "text": "For Pembridge's more experimental music in Season 4, the show turned to another female composer, Laura Karpman. Irish composer and conductor E%C3%ADmear Noone served as Lola Kirke's real-life conducting coach in season four. Interior shots of the home concert hall were filmed at the Performing Arts Center at SUNY Purchase. In addition to behind-the-scenes contributions from Mazzoli, Karpman and Noone, the theme of underrepresented, or unjustly forgotten or overlooked women composers and conductors in the world of classical music has become central on screen in the show's third and fourth seasons. Historical female composers who appear in the show include", "title": "Mozart in the Jungle" }, { "id": "10043157", "text": "Peter Vack Peter S. Brown (born September 19, 1986), better known by the stage name Peter Vack, is an American actor, writer, director and producer. He is known for portraying Jason Strider in the MTV comedy series \"I Just Want My Pants Back\" (2011–12), and Alex Merriweather in the Amazon Video comedy-drama series \"Mozart in the Jungle\" (2014–2015). Vack was born in the West Village, New York City, to Jane (née Spivack) and Ronald Brown, a movie producer and writer. He has one younger sister who is an actress and writer. He grew up in New York City. Vack is", "title": "Peter Vack" }, { "id": "3128431", "text": "won both the Tony and Drama Desk Awards twice. Baranski has also starred in various roles in films. Some of her better known roles are as Katherine Archer in \"The Birdcage\" (1996), Martha May Whovier in \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\" (2000), Mary Sunshine in \"Chicago\" (2002), and Connie Chasseur in \"The Ref\" (1994). She received further recognition for her role as Tanya Chesham-Leigh in the hit musical film \"Mamma Mia!\" (2008), and its sequel, \"Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again\" (2018). She also played Cinderella's stepmother in the 2014 film adaptation of the musical, \"Into the Woods\". Baranski also", "title": "Christine Baranski" }, { "id": "8468006", "text": "the show until April 2, 2009. She most recently reprised the role again in early-December 2009 on a recurring basis, after taking a leave of absence from the show and ultimately leaving once more on June 15, 2010. In July 2016, it was reported that Hunley was to again reprise the role of Anna in the upcoming new year, with her return date set for January 9, 2017. Hunley departed on February 16, 2017. In December 2017, it was announced that Hunley would return to the role, beginning January 5, 2018. She last appeared February 14, 2018. For her work", "title": "Anna DiMera" }, { "id": "18394838", "text": "Caroline Baron Caroline Baron is a Golden Globe winning American film producer and philanthropist. She is best known for producing \"Mozart in the Jungle\" (2014), \"Capote\" (2005) and \"Monsoon Wedding\" (2001). Baron received an Academy Award nomination for producing \"Capote\" (2005) and is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Caroline Baron founded FilmAid International in 1999, an organization dedicated to helping refugees and other communities around the world through the use of film. Baron is a professor at NYU's Tisch School of the Arts in the undergraduate film program. Caroline began her career as a", "title": "Caroline Baron" }, { "id": "1619018", "text": "Hospital\" (1982). He has appeared in films such as \"Time After Time\" (1979), \"Cat People\" (1982), \"Star Trek Generations\" (1994), \"Tank Girl\" (1995), \"Gangster No. 1\" (2000), the 2007 remake of \"Halloween\" and its 2009 sequel, \"Halloween II\", \"Easy A\" (2010) and \"The Artist\" (2011). McDowell has had a string of roles on numerous television series such as \"Entourage\" (2006–2007; 2009–2011), \"Heroes\" (2007–2008), \"Franklin & Bash\" (2011–2014) and \"Mozart in the Jungle\" (2014–2018). He narrated the documentary \"The Compleat Beatles\" (1982), and in recent years has become a prolific voice actor in films, television series and video games such as", "title": "Malcolm McDowell" }, { "id": "1624564", "text": "Movie\", \"The Jerk\", \"Pennies from Heaven\" and \"Annie\". In the 1980s, she returned to the theatre, where she became one of the best-known Broadway stars over the next three decades. She also has recorded six solo albums and several singles, as well as many cast albums, and performs regularly in her own solo concert act. In the 2010s, Peters continues to act on stage, in films and television in such series as \"Smash\" and \"Mozart in the Jungle\". She has been nominated for three Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards, winning once. Peters was born into a Sicilian American", "title": "Bernadette Peters" }, { "id": "5667895", "text": "Enough\", on the EP for Rain Phoenix's band Papercranes, and on the score to \"\" (2006), \"\" (2011), and \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" (2013). Most recently, he portrayed a cello soloist in the second and third seasons of \"Mozart in the Jungle\". Mulroney was included in \"People\"'s Sexiest Men of the Year issue in 2005 as its \"Sexiest Jack of Arts\". Dermot Mulroney Dermot Mulroney (born October 31, 1963) is an American actor, musician, and voice actor. He is best known for his roles in romantic comedy, western, and drama films. Appearing on screen since the mid 1980s, he is", "title": "Dermot Mulroney" }, { "id": "3307861", "text": "Gael García Bernal Gael García Bernal (; born 30 November 1978) is a Mexican film actor, director, model, and producer. García Bernal is best known for his performances in the films \"Bad Education\", \"The Motorcycle Diaries\", \"Amores perros\", \"Y Tu Mamá También\", \"Babel\" and \"Coco\", and for his role as Rodrigo de Souza in the Amazon Studios' web television series \"Mozart in the Jungle\". He and Diego Luna founded Canana Films in Mexico City. García Bernal was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for \"The Motorcycle Diaries\" in 2005, and in 2016 won his", "title": "Gael García Bernal" }, { "id": "7152413", "text": "Dancing as Fast as I Can\", \"The Escape Artist\", and \"The Whales of August\". She also appeared in Broadway shows, like \"My Sweet Charlie\" and \"Sheep on the Runway\". Ladd is best known for playing Emma Channing in the 1980s CBS primetime soap opera, \"Falcon Crest\" throughout its nine-year run from 1981 to 1990. Her last role was a small part in the film \"What's up, Scarlet?\" (2005); her first appearance after a hiatus of 14 years. In 2014, she appeared in two episodes of Amazon comedy-drama, \"Mozart in the Jungle\". In 2016, Ladd was cast in the Woody Allen", "title": "Margaret Ladd" }, { "id": "4558881", "text": "Maria Bello Maria Elena Bello (born April 18, 1967) is an American actress and writer. Her many film roles include \"Permanent Midnight\" (1998), \"Payback\" (1999), \"Coyote Ugly\" (2000), \"The Cooler\" (2003), \"A History of Violence\" (2005), \"\" (2008), \"Prisoners\" (2013), and \"Lights Out\" (2016). Bello is known for her television roles as Dr. Anna Del Amico on the medical drama \"ER\" (1997–1998), with other starring roles including that as Lucy Robbins on the series \"Touch\" in 2013, as Michelle McBride on the first season of the series \"Goliath\" in 2016, and since 2017 as Special Agent Jacqueline \"Jack\" Sloane on", "title": "Maria Bello" }, { "id": "4483767", "text": "starred as a young immigrant mother in the segment \"Loin du 16e\". In 2007, she starred Hildebranda Sánchez in \"Love in the Time of Cholera\", based in novel of the same name by Gabriel García Márquez, where she appeared alongside Javier Bardem and Fernanda Montenegro. In 2008, she appeared alongside Benicio del Toro in Steven Soderbergh's \"Che\", playing the role of Aleida March de Guevara, the second wife of Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara. This film was acclaimed by the critics. She was in the premiere in 2008 Cannes Film Festival. In 2010, she played the role of female Vampire Maria in", "title": "Catalina Sandino Moreno" }, { "id": "9438712", "text": "Writers Guild of Canada awards, in 2006 and 2007 and 2015, and won three. She wrote the screenplay for the 2017 film,\"The Man Who Invented Christmas\", starring Dan Stevens and Christopher Plummer. Other television writing credits include \"Mozart in the Jungle\", \"The Best Laid Plans\", and \"L.M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables\". A veteran of the Toronto theatre scene, she acted for several seasons at the Stratford Festival, was one of the founding members of the Soulpepper Theatre Company and is currently a playwright-in-residence at the Tarragon Theatre. Her two best-known plays are \"Kingfisher Days\", an adaptation of her critically", "title": "Susan Coyne" }, { "id": "16540168", "text": "Rabbit\" premiered at Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2018. In television, Wein directed \"Mozart in the Jungle\" for Amazon, which won a Golden Globe award. Wein is represented by WME entertainment. In 2013, Wein married Zoe Lister-Jones. Daryl Wein Daryl Wein (born December 23, 1983) is an American artist, filmmaker, producer and actor. He is a graduate of NYU Tisch School of the Arts and USC School of Cinematic Arts. Wein was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of Jan Sparling and Mitchell Wein, and was raised in Westport, Connecticut. His father worked as a creative director in", "title": "Daryl Wein" }, { "id": "2399308", "text": "Performance. In 2013, Bell accompanied Scarlett Johansson in the song \"Before My Time\". Written by J. Ralph for the documentary \"Chasing Ice\", the song received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. In other media, Bell played himself in three episodes of Mozart in the Jungle in 2014, 2015, and 2016: the pilot episode, \"Touché Maestro, Touché,\" and \"Creative Solutions for Creative Lives\". In 2016, he played a cameo role on the penultimate musical episode of Royal Pains. He also appeared as himself in episode 8 (\"Quacktice Makes Perfect\") of the 2017 Netflix original series Julie's Greenroom.", "title": "Joshua Bell" }, { "id": "5293134", "text": "Sarita Choudhury Sarita Catherine Louise Choudhury (born 18 August 1966) is a British Indian actress, best known for her roles in the Mira Nair-directed feature films \"Mississippi Masala\" (1992), \"The Perez Family\" (1995) and \"\" (1996). In the late 1990s, Choudhury added to her repertoire with supporting roles in the thriller \"A Perfect Murder\", \"3 A.M\", and the John Cassavetes retread \"Gloria\". In 2002, she starred in \"Just a Kiss\". She played a lesbian virgin in Spike Lee's \"She Hate Me\" and acted as Anna Ran in \"Lady in the Water\", a 2006 thriller by M. Night Shyamalan. She also", "title": "Sarita Choudhury" }, { "id": "4709971", "text": "Mía Maestro Mía Maestro (born June 19, 1978) is an Argentine actress and singer-songwriter. She is known for her role as Nora Martinez in \"The Strain\", Nadia Santos in the television drama \"Alias\", as Christina Kahlo in \"Frida\", and as Carmen in \"The Twilight Saga\". Maestro was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1978. She made her screen debut in Carlos Saura’s \"Tango\", which received Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations for Best Foreign Film. Initially trained in Argentina, Maestro traveled to Berlin to develop a vocal repertoire of the works of Kurt Weill and Hanns Eisler. Her first proper", "title": "Mía Maestro" }, { "id": "3803698", "text": "June 21, 2007, recurring on the series until early 2017. Leann Hunley Leann Hunley (born February 25, 1955) is an American television actress. Although she has worked in numerous productions, she is perhaps best known for portraying Anna DiMera on NBC's \"Days of Our Lives\" and Dana Waring on the ABC primetime soap opera, \"Dynasty\". Hunley was born in Forks, Washington (located 120 miles NW of Seattle near the Washington Coast), and later attended the University of Washington in Seattle. Her first television appearance was on \"Hawaii Five-O\". She was a regular on \"The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo\" in 1979", "title": "Leann Hunley" }, { "id": "8468005", "text": "Anna DiMera Anna Brady DiMera is a fictional character on the NBC daytime drama \"Days of Our Lives\". She is the ex-wife of Roman Brady, and the biological mother of Carrie Brady. Created by head writers Margaret DePriest and Sheri Anderson, Anna is portrayed by Leann Hunley. Anna is known for being a member of the powerful, upper class, DiMera family. She was married to Count Antony DiMera until his death in 2009. Hunley initially portrayed Anna from 1982–86. After a twenty-one year absence, Hunley reprised the role of Anna beginning on June 20, 2007, and remained on contract with", "title": "Anna DiMera" }, { "id": "3803696", "text": "Leann Hunley Leann Hunley (born February 25, 1955) is an American television actress. Although she has worked in numerous productions, she is perhaps best known for portraying Anna DiMera on NBC's \"Days of Our Lives\" and Dana Waring on the ABC primetime soap opera, \"Dynasty\". Hunley was born in Forks, Washington (located 120 miles NW of Seattle near the Washington Coast), and later attended the University of Washington in Seattle. Her first television appearance was on \"Hawaii Five-O\". She was a regular on \"The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo\" in 1979 and 1980. Her role as Anna DiMera on \"Days of", "title": "Leann Hunley" }, { "id": "7989455", "text": "(\"The Americans\"), George Mastras (\"Breaking Bad\"), Dana Calvo (\"Good Girls Revolt\"), Tom Spezialy (\"The Leftovers\"), Steven Katz (\"The Knick\"), Jim Leonard (\"Major Crimes\"), Theresa Rebeck (\"Smash\"), John Strauss (\"Mozart in the Jungle\"), Frank Pugliese and Melissa James Gibson (\"House of Cards\"), David Jenkins (\"People of Earth\"), Warren Leight (\"\" ), Jason Horwitch (\"Berlin Station\"), Sal Stabile (\"Waco\"), Jeff Eastin (\"White Collar\"), and Cameron Porsandeh (\"Helix\"). Management also represents writers on shows such as \"NCIS\", \"Bates Motel\", \"Secrets and Lies\", \"\", \"The Last Tycoon\", \"The Romanoffs\", \"The Sinner\", \"Quantico\", \"Shameless\", \"Genius\", \"Colony\", \"The Exorcist\", \"13 Reasons Why\", \"\", and \"The Man", "title": "Dan Halsted" }, { "id": "20141661", "text": "\"Hamlet\", Madame Therese Defarge in \"A Tale of Two Cities\", Mrs. Danvers in \"Rebecca\", Empress Myeongseong in \"The Last Empress\" and Donna in \"Mamma Mia!\". When she sang the musical number 'Gold von den Sternen (Gold star)' in \"Mozart!\" astonishingly well, she gained a nickname 'Ms. Gold star'. She was beloved for the role of Mrs. Danvers and Baroness Valdstatten, earning Golden Ticket Awards and Korea Musical Awards as the best supporting actress for these roles. In 2015, Shin came back as title role to her debut musical \"The Last Empress\". Shin Youngsook Shin Youngsook (申榮淑, born November 26, 1975)", "title": "Shin Youngsook" }, { "id": "9863627", "text": "Ampil\" was recorded in Abbey Road Studios in London and her second, \"Try Love\", in the Philippines. She was also a stage play actress for \"The Sound of Music\" in Newport Performing Arts Theater in Resorts World Manila as Maria from 2011–2012. In addition to her stage work, Ampil has done a few on-screen roles such as in \"One Day\" and on several episodes of \"Broken News\". In 2013–2014, she was on tour with \"Cats\" as Grizabella. Joanna Ampil Joanna Ampil (born June 1, 1975 in Manila), is an awarded musical theatre and film actress from the Philippines. Ampil has", "title": "Joanna Ampil" }, { "id": "12044652", "text": "Marianela González Marianela González (born 23 July 1978 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan actress. Her parents are María del Carmen Álvarez \"Carmenchu\" and José Rafael González. She has one sister named María Alejandra. She is best known for her role as Pandora Villenueva in the telenovela \"Mi Gorda Bella\". Marianela's birth name was Marianela Aime González Álvarez. Her eyes and hair are dark brown colored and she is 1,70 metres (5' 7\") high. Her father is an airline pilot and because of it her family has had the opportunity to travel. Her mother is Spanish from Asturias, Spain. In", "title": "Marianela González" }, { "id": "834542", "text": "to me. I still like it when I see it,\" writes Kazan. For her performance in \"Splendor in the Grass,\" Wood received nominations for the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. In 1961, Wood played Maria in the Jerome Robbins and Robert Wise musical \"West Side Story,\" which was a major box office and critical success. Tibbetts notes similarities in her role in this film and the earlier \"Rebel Without a Cause.\" Here, she plays the role of a restless Puerto Rican girl on the West Side of Manhattan. She was", "title": "Natalie Wood" }, { "id": "5948220", "text": "the biopic film \"Wilde\", alongside Stephen Fry, Vanessa Redgrave and Gemma Jones in 1997. In 2003, she played Maria Thins in \"Girl with a Pearl Earring\". The role earned her a BAFTA nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She played the domineering American dowager, Mrs van Schuyler, opposite David Suchet, James Fox, Frances de la Tour and David Soul in a feature-length episode of \"Agatha Christie's Poirot\" in the 2004 edition of \"Death on the Nile\". In 2008, she appeared as the primary villainess in \"Little Dorrit\", as the cruel Mrs Clennam, alongside Alun Armstrong, Sue Johnston and", "title": "Judy Parfitt" }, { "id": "8532688", "text": "Summer Strallen Summer Peta Vaigncourt-Strallen (born 21 December 1985) is an English actress who has performed various roles on stage and screen. Her most notable theatre credits include Meg Giry in the West End production of \"Love Never Dies\" and Maria von Trapp in Andrew Lloyd Webber's revival of \"The Sound of Music\" at the London Palladium. Strallen was born in London in 1985 and has been dancing since she was 18 months old. She has three sisters who are also actresses: Saskia (Sasi), Zizi Strallen, and Scarlett. Her parents, performers Sandy Strallen and Cherida Langford, both performed in the", "title": "Summer Strallen" }, { "id": "4900599", "text": "the Amazon series \"Mozart in the Jungle\". Rozema is openly lesbian and has two daughters with her former partner, film composer Lesley Barber. She is in a long-term relationship with Heather Conway, head of CBC Radio. Patricia Rozema Patricia Rozema (born August 20, 1958) is a Canadian film director, writer and producer. She was part of a loosely-affiliated group of filmmakers to emerge in 1980s from Toronto known as the Toronto New Wave. Rozema was born in Kingston, Ontario and raised in Sarnia, Ontario. Her parents, Jacoba Berandina (née Vos) and Jan Rozema, were Dutch Calvinists. Television was severely restricted", "title": "Patricia Rozema" }, { "id": "6215019", "text": "Wendy Makkena Wendy Rosenberg Makkena (born October 4, 1958) is an American actress. Born in Manhattan, she started her acting career in 1986 and appeared in the TV show \"Santa Barbara\". She later landed her first movie role in \"Eight Men Out\". She has made various guest or recurring roles on such television shows as \"Law & Order\", \"Monsters\", \"NYPD Blue\", \"House\", and \"NCIS\". In 1992 she had a supporting role in the movie \"Sister Act\" as the shy but talented singing nun Sister Mary Robert, a role she reprised in \"\" the following year. (In both films, singer Andrea", "title": "Wendy Makkena" }, { "id": "4938886", "text": "of the leads, Mary Abacus, in the miniseries adaptation of Bryce Courtenay's \"The Potato Factory\", which earned her a nomination for an AFI award for Best Actress in a TV Drama. In July 1999, a couple of months before finishing on \"Blue Heelers\", she starred alongside John Wood in \"She Loves Me\". Immediately after finishing \"Blue Heelers\", she starred alongside John Waters, Bert Newton, Nikki Webster, Rachel Marley and later Rob Guest in a stage version of \"The Sound of Music\", as Maria von Trapp. In 2001, while she was pregnant with her first child, her portrait by Shaun Clark", "title": "Lisa McCune" }, { "id": "15803087", "text": "and a Critics' Choice Movie Award. In 2016, Vikander was listed by \"Forbes\" in its 30 Under 30 list. She has since held a supporting role in the action film \"Jason Bourne\" (2016) and starred as Lara Croft in the adventure film \"Tomb Raider\" (2018). Vikander was born in Gothenburg, the daughter of Maria Fahl Vikander, a stage actress, and Svante Vikander, a psychiatrist. Her parents are from small villages in the north and south of Sweden, respectively. They separated when Vikander was two months old, and she was mostly raised by her single mother. She has five half-siblings on", "title": "Alicia Vikander" }, { "id": "5247633", "text": "Day\"). The song again appears in season 5, episode 4 (“Revenge ‘o the Nerds”), sung by Erica Goldberg at a Revenge of the Nerds-style musical finale. The song is performed by the New Directions on an episode of the hit television show \"Glee\" . (Season 6, Episode 11) The song is performed as part of a Broadway musical in \"Mozart in the Jungle\"'s first episode. Hailey plays the oboe section of the piece along with Cynthia at the cello. (Season 1, Episode 1) In Modern Family’s episode Spring-a-Ding-Fling, a parody of the song is sang by realtor Phil Dunphy played", "title": "Come Sail Away" }, { "id": "5669726", "text": "and rejected the offer. The roles went to Donna Reed and Montgomery Clift. Linda Christian died on July 22, 2011, at the age of 87. Linda Christian Linda Christian (November 13, 1923 – July 22, 2011) was a Mexican film actress, who appeared in Mexican and Hollywood films. Her career reached its peak in the 1940s and 1950s. She played Mara in the last Johnny Weissmuller Tarzan film, \"Tarzan and the Mermaids\" (1948). She is also noted for being the first Bond girl, appearing in a 1954 television adaptation of the James Bond novel \"Casino Royale\". In 1963 she starred", "title": "Linda Christian" }, { "id": "507887", "text": "Mary Martin Mary Virginia Martin (December 1, 1913 – November 3, 1990) was an American actress, singer, and Broadway star. A muse of Rodgers and Hammerstein, she originated many leading roles over her career including Nellie Forbush in \"South Pacific\" and Maria von Trapp in \"The Sound of Music\". She was named a Kennedy Center Honoree in 1989. She was the mother of actor Larry Hagman. Martin was born in Weatherford, Texas. Her life as a child as she describes it in her autobiography \"My Heart Belongs\" was secure and happy. She had close relationships with both her mother and", "title": "Mary Martin" }, { "id": "10711721", "text": "Emma Davies (actress) Emma-Kate Davies, known as Emma Davies, (born 7 March 1970) is an English actress. She is the daughter of actor Geoffrey Davies, from the television comedy series Doctor in the House. She is most notably recognised for her role of Anna De Souza in the ITV soap \"Emmerdale\" and for her portrayal of Diana Mitford-Guinness (later Lady Diana Mosley) in the Channel 4 mini series \"Mosley\". She currently resides in Barnes, South-West London with her husband Ross Allen, a garden designer and their daughter Camille. Davies' father, the stage and television actor Geoffrey Davies, influenced her choice", "title": "Emma Davies (actress)" }, { "id": "18236773", "text": "supplied a number of outfits for the television series \"Sex and the City\". Her maternal grandfather, Jack Dellal, was a British businessman of Iraqi Jewish descent, and Kirke's maternal grandmother was Israeli; Kirke has described herself as Jewish. Kirke has two older sisters, singer Domino and actress Jemima, and an older half-brother from a previous relationship of her mother's. She is a cousin of curator Alexander Dellal and model Alice Dellal. Kirke graduated from Saint Ann's School and Bard College in 2012. Kirke's breakout role came in the Amazon series \"Mozart in the Jungle\", playing the main character Hayley Rutledge.", "title": "Lola Kirke" }, { "id": "18394839", "text": "production manager for the film \"The Toxic Avenger\" (1984). She was an associate producer on the television series \"The Wonder Years\" from 1988-1989. Her producing work includes \"The Santa Clause\" (1994), \"Monsoon Wedding\" (2001), \"Capote\" (2005), \"Being Flynn\" (2012), \"Admission\" (2013), \"A Master Builder\" (2013), and the upcoming Amazon Studios original series \"Mozart in the Jungle\". Baron founded her production company named A-Line Pictures in 2005 with her husband, screenwriter and director, Anthony Weintraub. A-Line was the co-production company for \"Capote\" (2005). Caroline Baron currently supervises production for the children's media company Yummico. She founded the company with creators Anthony", "title": "Caroline Baron" }, { "id": "6447596", "text": "the Limba people of Sierra Leone. Her first major role in television was as a producer for the PBS show \"Soul!\", hosted by Ellis Haizlip, which aired between 1967 and 1973. Horsford made guest appearances on such sitcoms as \"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\", \"Sparks\", \"Moesha\", \"The Bernie Mac Show\", \"The Shield\", \"Girlfriends\", and \"Everybody Hates Chris\". She had main roles on the sitcoms \"The Wayans Bros.\" as \"Dee Baxter\" and \"Thelma Frye\" on \"Amen\". She appeared on the drama \"Judging Amy\". More recently, she was seen in the first season of \"Grey's Anatomy\". She returned to the big screen", "title": "Anna Maria Horsford" }, { "id": "4159113", "text": "In 2013 she performed the role of Mother Superior in \"The Sound of Music Live!\" opposite Carrie Underwood as Maria. She has twice been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her portrayals of Susie Monahan in \"Wit\" opposite Emma Thompson in 2001 and for her performance of Ruth Younger in \"A Raisin in the Sun\" in 2008. In 2016 she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance in \"Lady Day", "title": "Audra McDonald" }, { "id": "8621056", "text": "a few alterations to suit Malaysian cultural sensitivity, the 75-episode serial was shown every Monday to Thursday at 6.30 p.m. on TV3. The series starred Jehan Miskin, Emelda Rosmila as Manjalara, Sheila Rusly, Mustapha Kamal and former national gymnast Raja Farah. \"Llena de amor\" (2010) - The Mexican remake premiered on May 3, 2010 in Mexico (August 9, 2010 on Univision in the U.S.) and is produced by Televisa. This adaptation stars Ariadne Díaz (Marianela Ruiz y de Teresa Pavón / Victoria de la Garza Montiel), Valentino Lanus (Emmanuel Ruiz y de Teresa Curiel / Emmanuel Sevilla Pérez \"Lirio de", "title": "Mi gorda bella" }, { "id": "8248715", "text": "at New York's Westside Theatre. Katic starred as Rachel Rozman in the 2016 film, \"The Rendezvous\", directed by Amin Matalqa and co-starring Raza Jaffrey. In 2016, Katic was cast in the horror film \"Cadaver\" In January 2017, Katic appeared as Anna in the film \"Lost in Florence.\" Katic was cast as Emily Byrne in the AXN series \"Absentia\" that premiered in 2017. She lives in Los Angeles. Katic speaks English, Serbo-Croatian, French, Italian, and Slovenian fluently. Katic founded \"The Alternative Travel Project\" in 2010 which is an initiative to encourage people to Go Car Free for just one day and", "title": "Stana Katic" }, { "id": "17812507", "text": "sing.\" Metacritic gave the series a 73 out of 100, indicating 'generally favorable reviews.' Cory Barker, writing for \"TV.com\", praised the series. \"What works so well is that \"Mozart\" isn't afraid to throw you into a world you're likely unfamiliar with, but it doesn't swim so far into the deep end that you immediately drown in jargon and distanced dramatic stakes.\" Robert Lloyd, writing for \"The Los Angeles Times\", also lauded the first season. He stated that \"Characters who were mouthpieces for attitudes start to seem like people, more complicated than a thumbnail description can accommodate. You grow interested in", "title": "Mozart in the Jungle" }, { "id": "13993532", "text": "Hollie Chapman Hollie Chapman (born , possibly in Gaddesby in Leicestershire, England) is an English actress. She was trained in acting at the Sylvia Young Theatre School in London. Around 1996 she appeared as Tessie in a West End production of \"Annie\". She acted also in \"The Sound of Music\" as Maria, in \"Annie\" (village production), the title role, in Whistle Down the Wind (West End production) and in \"Smike\". She got her first TV role in 2001, in an episode of the UK TV serial \"Holby City\". In 2002 she played in the Channel 5 TV serial \"Don't Blame", "title": "Hollie Chapman" }, { "id": "10043159", "text": "Alex Merriweather in the Amazon Video comedy-drama series \"Mozart in the Jungle\", alongside Malcolm McDowell, Lola Kirke and Bernadette Peters. Peter Vack Peter S. Brown (born September 19, 1986), better known by the stage name Peter Vack, is an American actor, writer, director and producer. He is known for portraying Jason Strider in the MTV comedy series \"I Just Want My Pants Back\" (2011–12), and Alex Merriweather in the Amazon Video comedy-drama series \"Mozart in the Jungle\" (2014–2015). Vack was born in the West Village, New York City, to Jane (née Spivack) and Ronald Brown, a movie producer and writer.", "title": "Peter Vack" }, { "id": "5429500", "text": "Perry's \"Madea's Family Reunion\" (2006). Whitfield also appeared in \"The Women\" (2008), \"The Rebound\" (2009) and \"Mama, I Want to Sing\" (2011), and had many roles in a low-profile B-Movies. She also starred as Dorothea Garibaldi in both Disney Channel films \"The Cheetah Girls\" and \"The Cheetah Girls 2\". On television, Whitfield had recurring roles on \"Boston Public\" and \"Without a Trace\" in the 2000s. From 2014 to 2015, she appeared in the ABC legal drama, \"How to Get Away with Murder\" as villainous Mary Walker. She also had the recurring role on \"Hit the Floor\", and appeared as April's", "title": "Lynn Whitfield" }, { "id": "11073573", "text": "Artistic Director of the New York-based company Les Freres Corbusier. Timbers is a co-creator of the Amazon series \"Mozart in the Jungle\" which won the 2016 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series - Musical or Comedy. Timbers grew up in New York City. He graduated from Yale University. In 2014, Timbers directed \"Rocky\" on Broadway at the Winter Garden Theatre, for which he was nominated for Drama Desk and Outer Critics Circle Awards for Best Director. In 2013 and again in 2014, Timbers directed \"Here Lies Love\" at the Public Theater in New York City, an immersive club musical", "title": "Alex Timbers" }, { "id": "18394841", "text": "(UNHCR) and other global aid organizations to assist refugees in countries around the world including Guinea, Kenya, Afghanistan, Thailand, and Haiti. Baron lives in New York City with her husband Anthony Weintraub, and her two kids Asher and Emmanuel. Anthony Weintraub is a writer and director best known for writing the animated film adaptation of \"Tekkonkinkreet\" (2006). Caroline Baron's son Asher is the creator of the Menurkey, a menorah, shaped like a turkey, for Thanksgivukkah. Caroline Baron Caroline Baron is a Golden Globe winning American film producer and philanthropist. She is best known for producing \"Mozart in the Jungle\" (2014),", "title": "Caroline Baron" }, { "id": "20250723", "text": "Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again is a 2018 jukebox musical romantic comedy film written and directed by Ol Parker, from a story by Parker, Catherine Johnson, and Richard Curtis. It is a follow-up to the 2008 film \"Mamma Mia!\", which in turn is based on the musical of the same name using the music of ABBA. The film features an ensemble cast, including Lily James, Amanda Seyfried, Christine Baranski, Julie Walters, Pierce Brosnan, Andy García, Dominic Cooper, Colin Firth, Stellan Skarsgård, Jessica Keenan Wynn, Alexa Davies, Jeremy Irvine, Josh Dylan, Hugh Skinner, Cher,", "title": "Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again" }, { "id": "16022143", "text": "and, eventually, Italy. In Rome she studied at the Silvio D'Amico Academy of Dramatic Arts with the director Silvio D'Amico, director, and Orazio Costa. After graduating in 1952, she appeared in \"\" at the Piccolo Teatro Della Città Di Roma and starred at the Piccolo Teatro di Milano the world premiere of Diego Fabbri's \"Processo a Gesù\" (\"The Trial of Jesus\"). Returning to Argentina in 1958, she performed in many successful plays including The Dog in the Manger, with Alfredo Alcón and Osvaldo Bonet, and Les Troyens, which received the Critics Award from the National Endowment for the Arts. Television", "title": "María Rosa Gallo" }, { "id": "10288751", "text": "Mamie Gummer Mary Willa \"Mamie\" Gummer (born August 3, 1983) is an American actress. She starred in the title role of The CW series \"Emily Owens, M.D.\" (2012–13), and played the recurring role of Nancy Crozier on \"The Good Wife\" (2010–15) and its spin-off, \"The Good Fight\" (2018). She has also appeared in the films \"Evening\" (2007), \"Side Effects\" (2013), \"Cake\" (2014), and \"Ricki and the Flash\" (2015). She was nominated for the 2016 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for the original production of \"Ugly Lies the Bone\". Gummer was born in New York City, New", "title": "Mamie Gummer" }, { "id": "18456214", "text": "Ana Maria in Novela Land Ana Maria in Novela Land is a 2015 romantic comedy film about a titular superfan switching places with her favorite telenovela character, Ariana Tomosa. It opened theatrically on February 27, 2015 in select markets through AMC, and stars Edy Ganem, Luis Guzmán, Michael Steger, Juan Pablo Gamboa and Elizabeth Peña in her final film role. It was developed and distributed by Fluency, as part of NBC Universal. Ana Maria (Edy Ganem) is a bored twentysomething living in Los Angeles. After she gets fired from her job, bails on her best friend (Carla Morrison), and blows", "title": "Ana Maria in Novela Land" }, { "id": "12044655", "text": "someone who would appreciate her as she is. She believes in marriage, but not in love at first sight. Marianela González Marianela González (born 23 July 1978 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan actress. Her parents are María del Carmen Álvarez \"Carmenchu\" and José Rafael González. She has one sister named María Alejandra. She is best known for her role as Pandora Villenueva in the telenovela \"Mi Gorda Bella\". Marianela's birth name was Marianela Aime González Álvarez. Her eyes and hair are dark brown colored and she is 1,70 metres (5' 7\") high. Her father is an airline pilot and", "title": "Marianela González" }, { "id": "6599147", "text": "the viewers may assume is Maria. She is looking in the mirror and later joins the party. Side A Side B It was sampled by Brazilian pagode group Molejo. In 2017, it was also heavily sampled by DJ Khaled on his song \"Wild Thoughts\", which features Rihanna and Bryson Tiller. Maria Maria \"Maria Maria\" is a song by Santana featuring The Product G&B. The song was produced by Wyclef Jean and Jerry Duplessis. At the 2000 Grammy Awards, the song won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. Despite other lead singers from", "title": "Maria Maria" }, { "id": "18456219", "text": "back in time to serve as her sister’s maid of honor – the supporting role she refused to play before the start of her journey. The film was written by Georgina Garcia Riedel (\"How the Garcia Girls Spent Their Summer\") and Jose Nestor Marquez (\"ISA\") from a story by Jose Nestor Marquez. The movie was directed by Riedel. The picture was shot by Tobias Datum and edited by Phillip Bartell (\"Dear White People\"). It was produced by Synthetic Cinema International for Fluency. The film premiered in the select markets of Los Angeles, Houston and Miami on February 27, 2015. The", "title": "Ana Maria in Novela Land" }, { "id": "17208411", "text": "Liza Soberano Hope Elizabeth \"Liza\" Soberano ( ; born January 4, 1998) is a Filipino-American actress. She started in a range of television series and films, including \"Wansapanataym\" (2011), \"Kung Ako'y Iiwan Mo\" (2012), \"She's the One\" (2013), \"Must Be... Love\" (2013). She rose to prominence after playing the protagonist Maria Agnes Calay in the romantic comedy television series \"Forevermore\" (2014–2015) with Enrique Gil. Since then, she has taken on starring roles with Gil in romantic comedy films \"Just The Way You Are\" and \"Everyday I Love You\" (2015), \"My Ex and Whys\" (2017), and the television series \"Dolce Amore\"", "title": "Liza Soberano" }, { "id": "8404857", "text": "of the collection. MAMBA was fully restored in 35mm by the UCLA Film & Television Archive and The Film Foundation in 2016 under a grant from the George Lucas Family Foundation,and the Franco-American Cultural Fund, a unique partnership between the Directors Guild of America (DGA) , the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), Société des Auteurs, Compositeurs et Editeurs de Musique and the Writers Guild of America, West (WGAW). Mamba (film) Mamba is a 1930 American pre-Code film, released by Tiffany Pictures. It was shot entirely in Technicolor and stars Jean Hersholt, Eleanor Boardman, Ralph Forbes, Josef Swickard, Claude Fleming,", "title": "Mamba (film)" }, { "id": "20954900", "text": "June 2018 she performed with Renato Diz trio at one of the most iconic festivals in the world, the Summerstage, in Central Park, where names such as Sonic Youth, Joni Mitchell, Sting, Stevie Wonder and Bobby McFerrin also performed in previous years. Since the beginning of her musical career, she has had the opportunity to act as a soloist and guest at some of the most important stages and festivals in Europe, North and South America with names like Jon Faddis, John Benitez, Steve Turre, Tia Fuller, David Kikowski, Kyioshi Kitagawa, Marvin Sewell, Jeff Haynes, Mark Peterson, Steve Gluzband, Melvin", "title": "Maria Quintanilla" }, { "id": "5459845", "text": "Brahms-Haydn Variations. She gave her final performance with ABT on May 18, 2013. In May, she made her Broadway debut as Vera Baronova in the Encores! production of \"On Your Toes\" at NY City Center. In March 2018 she returned to Encores! as Elizaveta Grushinskaya in \"Grand Hotel\" followed by her dramatic debut in the Susan Stroman/John Kander play-with-music \"The Beast in the Jungle\" at the Vineyard Theater where she starred as May Bartam. She has appeared in the television series \"Forever\", \"Flesh and Bone\", \"The Blacklist\", \"Power\", and \"The Americans\". Dvorovenko is married to Maxim Beloserkovsky, a fellow ABT", "title": "Irina Dvorovenko" }, { "id": "18282097", "text": "film is scheduled for a fall 2019 release. In August 2018, Adrian Grunberg was announced as the director. In September 2018, Adriana Barraza was added to the cast as Maria. In October 2018, Paz Vega, Yvette Monreal, Sergio Peris-Mencheta, Oscar Jaenada, and Joaquín Cosío were cast in the film. Principal photography began on October 2, 2018 in Bulgaria. It was previously scheduled to begin on September 1, 2018, and before that on October 27, 2014, in Shreveport, Louisiana. Barraza filmed her scenes in the Canary Islands. Principal photography wrapped on December 4, 2018. Stallone confirmed that the film is targeted", "title": "Rambo V: Last Blood" }, { "id": "4995522", "text": "placenta, and its subsequent enforced removal at that time posed an extreme risk of fatal infection. The two surviving children achieved fame. The daughter Maria Anna was called \"Nannerl\" as a child. She was a talented musician who performed with her brother on tour, but whose later life was very limited in its experiences and possibilities. The son, Wolfgang Amadeus, born 27 January 1756, achieved distinction first as a child prodigy, later as one of the most celebrated of all composers. Assessing the evidence of the surviving letters, Abert writes of her role as spouse: \"she understood her husband's phlegmatic", "title": "Anna Maria Mozart" }, { "id": "5668245", "text": "Roman Coppola Roman François Coppola (born April 22, 1965) is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, and entrepreneur. With the 2012 film \"Moonrise Kingdom\", he and co-writer Wes Anderson were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. In 2016, his television series \"Mozart in the Jungle\" won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Comedy. Coppola serves as president of the San Francisco-based film company American Zoetrope. He is also founder and owner of The Directors Bureau, a commercial and music video production company. Roman Coppola is the son of set decorator/artist Eleanor Coppola (née Neil) and", "title": "Roman Coppola" }, { "id": "7733094", "text": "Amy Hunter Amy Hunter (born May 6, 1966) is an American actress and model. She has had roles on a number of television series and daytime soaps. She co-hosted The Comedy Channel's \"Night After Night,\" and went on location for ESPN's \"Women in Sports.\" Hunter was a special guest host on \"Soul Train,\" the weekly series where she met her husband, Tony Cornelius, son of creator-producer Don Cornelius. They had a daughter, Christina Marie, and later divorced. Her theater work includes the starring role of Maria in \"West Side Story,\" Beneathea in \"A Raisin in the Sun\", and the green-eyed", "title": "Amy Hunter" }, { "id": "16927586", "text": "New Opera in 2017. In 2018, Mazzoli will premiere her third opera with librettist Royce Vavrek, an adaptation of Karen Russell's short story of the same title. The work has been commissioned by Washington National Opera, Opera Omaha and Miller Theatre. The opera is being written for baritone John Moore and Grammy-nominated soprano Talise Trevigne. Mazzoli wrote and performed several songs for the soundtrack of the acclaimed classical music exposé, \"Mozart in the Jungle\", most notably \"Impromptu\", and other work presented within the show's continuity as by character Thomas Pembridge, retired conductor of the (fictional) New York Symphony. Mazzoli was", "title": "Missy Mazzoli" }, { "id": "3237055", "text": "Leslie Mann Leslie Mann (born March 26, 1972) is an American actress and comedian. She is known for her roles in such films as \"The Cable Guy\" (1996), \"George of the Jungle\" (1997), \"Big Daddy\" (1999), \"Timecode\" (2000), \"Perfume\" (2001), \"Stealing Harvard\" (2002), \"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\" (2005), \"Knocked Up\" (2007), \"17 Again\" (2009), \"Funny People\" (2009), \"I Love You Phillip Morris\" (2009), \"Rio\" (2011), \" The Change-Up\" (2011), \"This Is 40\" (2012), \"The Bling Ring\" (2013), \"The Other Woman\" (2014), \"Vacation\" (2015), \"How to Be Single\" (2016), and \"Blockers\" (2018). Mann was born in San Francisco, California, and grew up", "title": "Leslie Mann" }, { "id": "20720576", "text": "Sol Miranda Sol Miranda is a Puerto Rican actress. She plays \"mole woman\" Donna Maria on \"Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt\" (2015–2018). She is an assistant professor at Hostos Community College and the founder of Embark Peekskill, a nonprofit which supports the arts in Peekskill, New York. Miranda was born in Puerto Rico. She received a BA in drama from the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, and an MFA in acting from the University of California, San Diego. She later moved to Brooklyn, New York City, and worked in English-language Latino theater productions and briefly with the Puerto Rican Traveling", "title": "Sol Miranda" }, { "id": "12914125", "text": "the door remains open for her. On June 11, 2011, Raymund married writer Neil Patrick Stewart. Raymund and Stewart separated in early 2013 and divorced in 2014. Raymund is an ardent supporter of LGBT rights. In February 2014, she came out publicly as bisexual for the first time via Twitter. Before that, she had been out privately for over ten years. On September 16, 2015, Raymund announced via Twitter that she had begun dating Tari Segal. Monica Raymund Monica Raymund (born July 26, 1986) is an American actress known for her roles as Maria \"Ria\" Torres in the Fox crime", "title": "Monica Raymund" }, { "id": "4960677", "text": "injuries sustained in a car accident. Since departing the show, she has made several guest appearances as Cassie's spirit. In 2014, she began a new role on the series, playing a woman with a resemblance to Cassie, named Mariah Copeland, later revealed to be Cassie's twin sister. It was announced on May 5, 2014, that Grimes was put on contract with \"The Young and the Restless\". Grimes played the part of Holly in the 2001 movie \"Swordfish\" alongside Hugh Jackman, Halle Berry, and John Travolta. She guest-starred on \"Medium\", \"JAG\", and \"ER\", on which her maternal uncle, Scott Grimes, was", "title": "Camryn Grimes" }, { "id": "13093957", "text": "You\", directed by Michael Urie, which she co-wrote with Ryan Spahn and executive produced. She also co-created and stars in the 2015 Stage17.tv web series \"What's Your Emergency?\", the first season of which was directed by Urie. In 2014, Feiffer became a writer for the Starz series \"The One Percent\", co-created by Academy Award-winner Alejandro González Iñárritu, which is scheduled to begin filming in early 2016. She is a writer/producer for the Amazon Studios series \"Mozart in the Jungle\". Feiffer is a producer on the new comedy series \"Kidding\" starring Jim Carrey for Showtime. Halley Feiffer Halley Feiffer (born November", "title": "Halley Feiffer" }, { "id": "18756027", "text": "page: Gennie James Sara Genevieve James (born December 27, 1976), billed professionally as Gennie James, is an American former child actress. James is a native of Navasota, Texas. She acted in several television movies and series between 1984 and 1988 and had the main role in 1987's The Secret Garden as young Mary Lennox. She was nominated for three Young Artist Awards, in 1985 for Places in the Heart, in 1987 for and in 1989 for The Secret Garden, and won another in 1987 for Papa Was a Preacher. According to IMDb, she is now married to Justin Busse. Her", "title": "Gennie James" }, { "id": "15864582", "text": "the newly created role of the mother of Daniel Goddard's character, Cane Ashby, on \"The Young and the Restless\". The casting would reunite her with several of her former \"General Hospital\" alumni, including Tristan Rogers, Stephen Nichols, Judith Chapman and Kin Shriner. In a statement on how she received the newly created role, Francis revealed that Maria Arena Bell, the series' executive producer and head writer, called her (having seen her appearance on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\") and offered her a role personally, to which Francis accepted. Francis also expressed her disappointment in her former daytime role on \"General Hospital\".", "title": "Genevieve Atkinson" }, { "id": "17441502", "text": "2013. The track was released as a single on 3 May 2013. The complete track listing was revealed on A.R. Rahman's official website on 4 May 2013. The complete soundtrack album was released at the composer's recording studio in Chennai on 13 May 2013. The album was also made available as mastered for iTunes version. The dubbed Telugu version of the original soundtrack was released digitally on June 12, 2015. A. R. Reihana, Abhay Jodhpurkar, , Dr. Narayanan, Senthildass, Malavika, Santosh Hariharan, Deepak Subramaniyam, Nakash Aziz. Kids chorus as \"Madras Youth Choir\" — A. R. Ameen, Sai, R. Ameena, K.", "title": "Maryan (soundtrack)" }, { "id": "5175395", "text": "film roles include Laura in \"Chilly Scenes of Winter\"; Helen Holm Garp in \"The World According to Garp\"; and as Regina Beaufort in Martin Scorsese's \"The Age of Innocence\". Hurt also played Jean Seberg, in voice-over, in Mark Rappaport's 1995 documentary \"From the Journals of Jean Seberg\". Hurt was nominated for Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female for her performance in 2006 movie \"The Dead Girl\" and has also been nominated for a BAFTA, Drama Desk and earned an Obie Award for her role in \"Crimes of the Heart\" (1981). Hurt was married to actor William Hurt from 1971", "title": "Mary Beth Hurt" }, { "id": "4709978", "text": "was recorded in Iceland. NPR's Alt.Latino referred to her voice as one of Alt.Latino's favorites of 2014. She won an ACE Award for her performance in the stage production of \"Pandora's Box\". Mía Maestro Mía Maestro (born June 19, 1978) is an Argentine actress and singer-songwriter. She is known for her role as Nora Martinez in \"The Strain\", Nadia Santos in the television drama \"Alias\", as Christina Kahlo in \"Frida\", and as Carmen in \"The Twilight Saga\". Maestro was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1978. She made her screen debut in Carlos Saura’s \"Tango\", which received Golden Globe and", "title": "Mía Maestro" }, { "id": "10991783", "text": "Machine\" (1960). Her most famous film roles were in the Tarzan films starring Johnny Weissmuller. She voiced one of the roses in Disney's \"Alice in Wonderland\" (1951), later making small appearances in \"Mary Poppins\" and \"The Sound of Music\" which both starred Julie Andrews. Lloyd died on 21 May 1968, aged 71, in Santa Barbara, California. Her interment was in Glendale's Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery. Doris Lloyd Hessy Doris Lloyd (3 July 1896 – 21 May 1968) was an English-American actress of screen and stage. She is perhaps best known for her roles in \"The Time Machine\" (1960) and", "title": "Doris Lloyd" }, { "id": "20176619", "text": "Kim Roberts (actress) Kim Roberts is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Christine in \"The Handmaids Tale\" (2017), Regina from \"Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs\" (2017), Marnie in \"Schitt's Creek\" (2015), Neeva in \"The Strain\" (2014), Gloria in \"Lucky Seven\" (2013), Camilla in \"Being Erica\" (2010), Mazz in \"The Doodlebops\" (2004–05), Mrs. Arvin in \"I'm Not There\" (2007), Deborah in \"Saw III\" (2006) and \"Saw IV\" (2007) and Mrs. Bosco in \"The Cheetah Girls\" (2003). Kim’s parents are from the Caribbean. Her mother, Josephine (nee Charles), is from the creole island of Dominica and her late", "title": "Kim Roberts (actress)" }, { "id": "12659868", "text": "of 11. Lucas left the company of \"Fun Home\" on October 4, 2015. Lucas played Mary Lennox in \"The Secret Garden\" with Manhattan Concert Productions on February 21 and 22, 2016 at Lincoln Center’s David Geffen Hall. Lucas has portrayed the younger version of two different characters played by Kristen Wiig in the films \"Girl Most Likely\" (2012) and \"The Skeleton Twins\" (2014). Her television credits include guest roles on \"\", \"Royal Pains\", \"Saturday Night Live\", and \"Team Umizoomi\". She has also appeared as Malcolm's Daughter in Giuseppe Verdi's \"Macbeth\" at the Metropolitan Opera in 2012. Sydney Lucas Sydney Ellen", "title": "Sydney Lucas" }, { "id": "18960083", "text": "Jasmine Cephas Jones Jasmine Cephas Jones (born July 21, 1989) is an American stage and screen actress, best known for originating the dual roles of Peggy Schuyler and Maria Reynolds in the 2015 Broadway musical \"Hamilton\". Jones is the daughter of actor Ron Cephas Jones and British-born jazz singer Kim Lesley. She attended Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts and graduated from The Neighborhood Playhouse in 2011. She grew up in Brooklyn, where she still lives today. Jones has made small appearances in multiple independent films, including \"Titus\" (2013) and \"Fairfield\" (2014). She has", "title": "Jasmine Cephas Jones" }, { "id": "13962206", "text": "Bethany Whitmore Bethany Sarah Whitmore (born 7 December 1999) is an Australian actress, best known for portraying Jaden Kagan in the US TV mini-series \"The Starter Wife\" and also known for her lead voice role of 8-year-old Mary Daisy Dinkle in Adam Elliot's \"Mary and Max\" (2009), Jane Moochmore in PJ Hogan's \"Mental\" (2012), Greta Driscoll in \"Girl Asleep\" (2015), Melissa in \"The Family Law\" (2016) Seasons 1, (2017) Season 2, (2018) Season 3 and Blanche Gifford in the TV series remake of \"Picnic at Hanging Rock\" (2017). Finalist for the Heath Ledger Scholarship 2018. Whitmore was born in Melbourne,", "title": "Bethany Whitmore" }, { "id": "2965096", "text": "recorded artist in music history. Popular Indian singers include: Popular playback singers of Nepal include: Famous Pakistani playback singers include: Playback singing is not as common in contemporary Hollywood as musicals are less frequent. It was, however, more widely used in the past. Notable Hollywood performances include Marni Nixon in \"West Side Story\" for Natalie Wood's portrayal of Maria, in \"The King and I\" for Deborah Kerr's Anna Leonowens, and for Audrey Hepburn's Eliza in \"My Fair Lady\"; Bill Lee singing for John Kerr's Lieutenant Cable in \"South Pacific\" and for Christopher Plummer's Captain von Trapp in \"The Sound of", "title": "Playback singer" }, { "id": "16159000", "text": "2016 film, \"Abducted\", as villainess Maria Jimenez. She was in a relationship to actor and Gregorio Pernia, whom she lived with for 5 years until their split and had a son, Emiliano. Premios India Catalina Col. 2005 Best Supporting Actress Premios TV y Novelas Col. 2005 Best Supporting Actress Premio Colombian Young Professionals Association of the USA 2002 Best Dramatic Actress. Houston, Texas. Premios TV y Novelas Col. 1998 Best Actress in a Television Series Premios Shock Col. 1998 Best New Actress Theater Marcela Mar Marcela Gardeazabal Martínez, better known by her stage name, Marcela Mar (born March 16, 1979)", "title": "Marcela Mar" }, { "id": "3581335", "text": "to Branson, Missouri, and opened the Osmond Family Theater, where he and his brothers performed until 2002. They appear in Branson during the Christmas season. Marie recorded a number of successful duets with Donny and continued to sing country music; she had several Top 40 country hits in the mid-1980s, the biggest of which was \"Meet Me in Montana\" with Dan Seals (#1). She starred in the Broadway revivals of the musicals \"The King and I\" (as the lead, Anna) and \"The Sound of Music\" (as the lead, Maria) in the mid-1990s. She returned to television first in the short-lived", "title": "The Osmonds" }, { "id": "17989052", "text": "Asyla Asyla, Op. 17, is an orchestral composition by the British composer Thomas Adès. It was finished in 1997 and has been performed widely, especially by the British conductor Simon Rattle. It has been described as a symphony, the third movement being its unacknowledged scherzo. The Third Movement Ecstasio is featured in season 4 episode 10 of the Amazon Prime series Mozart in the Jungle. The title of the composition is the Latin plural form of asylum, which here means both \"sanctuary\" and \"madhouse\". It was commissioned by the John Feeney Charitable Trust and was premiered by the City of", "title": "Asyla" }, { "id": "15263988", "text": "John J. Strauss John J. Strauss (born 1957), is an American producer and writer of film and television. He has written and produced for the television series \"Boy Meets World\" (and known as the writer who came up with the character name for Topanga Lawrence, naming her after Topanga Canyon), \"Me and the Boys\" and \"Odd Man Out\". He has also written several episodes of the Amazon series \"Mozart in the Jungle\", which received a Golden Globe Award nomination for \"Best TV Series Comedy\" in 2015. He is an executive producer for \"The Breaks\". Since 1998, Strauss has mainly focused", "title": "John J. Strauss" } ]

[ "Daniel Peacock" ]

[ { "id": "1901253", "text": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves is a 1991 American romantic action adventure film, based on the English folk tale of Robin Hood which originated in the 15th century. The film is directed by Kevin Reynolds, and stars Kevin Costner as Robin Hood, Morgan Freeman as Azeem, Christian Slater as Will Scarlett, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Maid Marian, and Alan Rickman as Sheriff of Nottingham. The screenplay was penned by Pen Densham and John Watson. The film received mixed reviews from critics who praised Freeman and Rickman's performances as well as the music but criticized the", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "1901268", "text": "and playsets. All but one of the figures were derived by slight modifications to Kenner's well known Super Powers line, while Friar Tuck, as well as the vehicles and playset, were modified from \"\" toys. Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves is a 1991 American romantic action adventure film, based on the English folk tale of Robin Hood which originated in the 15th century. The film is directed by Kevin Reynolds, and stars Kevin Costner as Robin Hood, Morgan Freeman as Azeem, Christian Slater as Will Scarlett, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Maid Marian, and Alan Rickman", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "6436381", "text": "Princess of Thieves Princess of Thieves is a romantic adventure TV movie starring Keira Knightley, produced by Granada Productions in 2001 and first broadcast on \"The Wonderful World of Disney\" on ABC in the United States that same year. Co-starring in the film are Malcolm McDowell as the Sheriff, Jonathan Hyde as Prince John, Stuart Wilson as Robin Hood, Del Synnott as Froderick, and Stephen Moyer as Philip. The movie was directed by Peter Hewitt and filmed in Romania. The film's plotline draws inspiration from the classic Robin Hood legend, which has been adapted many times for screen. Years after", "title": "Princess of Thieves" }, { "id": "17592220", "text": "The Prince of Thieves The Prince of Thieves is a 1948 film nominally inspired by Alexandre Dumas' 1872 novel \"Le Prince des voleurs\". Produced by Sam Katzman for Columbia Pictures and starring Jon Hall as Robin Hood with stuntwork by Jock Mahoney, the film was shot in the Cinecolor process that features an inability to reproduce the colour green. Sequences were shot reusing several of the sets of Columbia's \"The Bandit of Sherwood Forest\" and at Corriganville. Patricia Morison and Adele Jergens co-star. After fighting in the Crusades alongside King Richard I of England, Sir Allan Claire is returning home", "title": "The Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "1901267", "text": "grossed $25 million in its opening weekend and $18.3 million in its second. The film eventually made $390,493,908 at the global box office, making it the second-highest grossing film of 1991, immediately behind \"\". It enjoyed the second-best opening for a nonsequel, at the time. Tie-in were released in 1991 for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy. Developed by Sculptured Software Inc. and Bits Studios, respectively, and published by Virgin Games, Inc., they were featured as the cover game for the July 1991 issue of \"Nintendo Power\" magazine. A toy line was released by Kenner, consisting of action figures", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "1901254", "text": "screenplay, overall execution and Costner's performance. Despite that it was a box office success, grossing over $390 million worldwide, ranking as the second-highest-grossing film of 1991 worldwide. For his role as George, Sheriff of Nottingham, Rickman received the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. The film's theme song, \"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You\", by Bryan Adams, was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song and won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television. Costner's performance as Robin Hood garnered poor reviews and won him the", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "1901266", "text": "movie unsatisfactory, as well. Costner was criticized for not attempting an English accent. Lanre Bakare, writing in \"The Guardian\", calls Rickman's Sheriff, for which he won a BAFTA, a \"genuinely great performance\". \"Prince of Thieves\" was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards: Kevin Costner won the Worst Actor award for his performance as Robin Hood, while Christian Slater received a nomination for Worst Supporting Actor for his performances in this film and \"Mobsters\", but lost to Dan Aykroyd for \"Nothing but Trouble\". In 2005, the American Film Institute nominated this film for AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores. The film", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "18828311", "text": "Robin Hood (2018 film) Robin Hood is a 2018 American action-adventure film directed by Otto Bathurst and written by Ben Chandler and David James Kelly, from a story by Chandler. It is based on the tale of Robin Hood, and follows his training by John to steal from the Sheriff of Nottingham. The film stars Taron Egerton, Jamie Foxx, Ben Mendelsohn, Eve Hewson, Tim Minchin, and Jamie Dornan. The film was announced in February 2015, with Egerton signing on as the lead role that September. Hewson, Foxx and Mendleson all joined the cast over the following year, and principal photography", "title": "Robin Hood (2018 film)" }, { "id": "1901264", "text": "from the British Board of Film Classification which required fourteen seconds to be cut from the film to obtain a PG rating. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 51% based on 53 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 51 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale. \"Chicago Sun-Times\" critic Roger Ebert praised Freeman's performance as well as Rickman's, but", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "1901262", "text": "the medieval walls and towers of the Cité de Carcassonne in the town of Carcassonne in Aude, France, for the portrayal of Nottingham and its castle. Locksley Castle was Wardour Castle in Wiltshire – restored in an early shot using a matte painting. Marian's manor was filmed at Hulne Priory in Northumberland. Scenes set in Sherwood Forest were filmed at various locations in England: Burnham Beeches in Buckinghamshire was used for the outlaws' encampment, Aysgarth Falls in Yorkshire for the fight scene between Robin and Little John, and Hardraw Force in North Yorkshire was the location where Marian sees Robin", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "4939814", "text": "The Barbarian\" (2004–05). McShane gained exposure in the early 1990s from semi-regular appearances on the British show \"Whose Line Is It Anyway?\". He later appeared with fellow \"Whose Line\" players Tony Slattery in the comedy sketch show \"S&M\" and Sandi Toksvig in the sitcom \"The Big One\". Other TV roles include a guest appearance on \"Seinfeld\" as Kramer's nemesis Franklin Delano Romanowski (FDR). McShane played Friar Tuck in \"Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves\" in 1991, had a small role as a doomed hypnotherapist in the 1999 film \"Office Space\", and played the friendly scientist, Professor Keenbean, in the 1994 movie", "title": "Mike McShane" }, { "id": "17592225", "text": "the film \"mainly a kiddie picture\" and noted that, \"Of the Merry Men, it is Mowbray as Friar Tuck who steals the show with a performance that borders on slapstick.\" The Prince of Thieves The Prince of Thieves is a 1948 film nominally inspired by Alexandre Dumas' 1872 novel \"Le Prince des voleurs\". Produced by Sam Katzman for Columbia Pictures and starring Jon Hall as Robin Hood with stuntwork by Jock Mahoney, the film was shot in the Cinecolor process that features an inability to reproduce the colour green. Sequences were shot reusing several of the sets of Columbia's \"The", "title": "The Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "11030433", "text": "Robin Hood (2010 film) Robin Hood is a 2010 British-American epic war drama film based on the Robin Hood legend, directed by Ridley Scott and starring Russell Crowe, Cate Blanchett, William Hurt, Mark Strong, Mark Addy, Oscar Isaac, Danny Huston, Eileen Atkins, and Max von Sydow. It was released in 12 countries on 12 May 2010, including the United Kingdom and Ireland and was also the opening film at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival the same day. It was released in a further 23 countries the following day, among them Australia, and an additional 17 countries on 14 May 2010,", "title": "Robin Hood (2010 film)" }, { "id": "8458937", "text": "Robin Hood (1991 British film) Robin Hood is a 1991 British adventure film directed by John Irvin, executive produced by John McTiernan and starring Patrick Bergin, Uma Thurman, Jürgen Prochnow, Jeroen Krabbé and Edward Fox. Although originally intended for a theatrical release in the United States and South America, the film was premiered on the Fox network in those territories a month before the release of \"\". It was released in cinemas in several countries in Europe and elsewhere, including Australia, New Zealand and Japan. The film begins when a miller, who is poaching deer on lands belonging to the", "title": "Robin Hood (1991 British film)" }, { "id": "1901263", "text": "bathing. Sycamore Gap on Hadrian's Wall was used for the scene when Robin first confronts the sheriff's men. Chalk cliffs at Seven Sisters, Sussex were used as the locale for Robin's return to England from the Crusades. Interior scenes were completed at Shepperton Studios in Surrey. The original music score was composed, orchestrated and conducted by Michael Kamen. An excerpt from the main title music was subsequently used as the logo music for Morgan Creek, and has been used by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment in intros for trailers on DVD/Blu-ray. \"Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves\" was submitted for classification", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "10555533", "text": "Del Synnott Del Synnott (born 1977) is an Irish actor, perhaps best known for playing Froderick in \"Princess of Thieves\" and DC Alan Carter in \"Murphy's Law\". He was born and raised in Dublin, Ireland and when he was 11 years old, he and his family moved to Essex, England. He has also appeared in the TV version of \"Lock Stock and Two Smoking Barrels\" titled \"Lock Stock\" and the Samuelson Productions feature \"Stormbreaker\". In 2013, he appeared in \"The Great Train Robbery\" as Brian Field. His very first tv role was in the mini series \"Every woman knows a", "title": "Del Synnott" }, { "id": "1901255", "text": "Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor. During the Third Crusade, Richard the Lionheart, King of England is away in France, leaving the cruel Sheriff of Nottingham -aided by his cousin Guy of Gisbourne, the witch Mortianna, and the corrupt Bishop of Hereford- to rule the land. Robin of Locksley, a nobleman, chose to follow the king in his Crusade. At Locksley Castle, Robin's father, who is loyal to King Richard, is attacked by the Sheriff's men after refusing to join them. Robin, meanwhile, has been imprisoned in Jerusalem along with his comrade, Peter Dubois. They break free from Ayyubid prison", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "7961523", "text": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (video game) Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves is a console game released in 1991 for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy developed by Sculptured Software, Inc. and Bits Studios, respectively, and published by Virgin Games, Inc. It was based on the . The game was featured as the cover game for the July 1991 issue of \"Nintendo Power\" magazine. However, this issue was notorious for the fact that the game was not released until 6 months after the issue was released. Around the same time, a Robin Hood game was also featured in an", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (video game)" }, { "id": "9001496", "text": "Harry Lloyd Harry Charles Salusbury Lloyd (born 17 November 1983) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Will Scarlet in the 2006 BBC drama \"Robin Hood\", Jeremy Baines in the 2007 \"Doctor Who\" episodes \"Human Nature\" and \"The Family of Blood\", and Viserys Targaryen in the first season of the HBO series \"Game of Thrones\". He has also appeared on stage, and in films including \"The Theory of Everything\" and \"Anthropoid\". Lloyd was born in London, the son of Marion Evelyn (née Dickens), a children's publisher, and Jonathan Lloyd, who heads a literary agency. He is", "title": "Harry Lloyd" }, { "id": "354275", "text": "Nasir, in the figures of Azeem and Djaq, respectively. Spoofs have also followed this trend, with the 1990s BBC sitcom \"Maid Marian and her Merry Men\" parodying the Moorish character with Barrington, a Rastafarian rapper played by Danny John-Jules, and Mel Brooks comedy \"\" featuring Isaac Hayes as Asneeze and Dave Chappelle as his son Ahchoo. The 2010 movie version \"Robin Hood\", did not include a Saracen character. The 2018 adaptation \"Robin Hood\" portrays the character of Little John as a muslim named Yahya, played by Jamie Foxx. The character Azeem in the 1991 movie \"Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves\"", "title": "Robin Hood" }, { "id": "20702652", "text": "Otto Bathurst Otto Benjamin Charles Bathurst (born June 1971) is a British television and film director. In 2014 he won a BAFTA for his work on BBC drama \"Peaky Blinders\". He was also previously BAFTA nominated for his work on BBC series \"Criminal Justice\" and \"Five Days\". In 2011, Bathurst directed \"The National Anthem\", the first episode of science fiction anthology series \"Black Mirror\". In 2018, he directed \"Robin Hood\", starring Jamie Dornan as Will Scarlett, Jamie Foxx as Little John, Tim Minchin as Friar Tuck, Eve Hewson as Maid Marian and Taron Egerton as the eponymous hero. The film", "title": "Otto Bathurst" }, { "id": "1901265", "text": "ultimately decried the film as a whole, giving it two stars and stating, \"\"Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves\" is a murky, unfocused, violent, and depressing version of the classic story... The most depressing thing about the movie is that children will attend it expecting to have a good time.\" \"The New York Times\" gave the film a negative review, with Vincent Canby writing that the movie is \"a mess, a big, long, joyless reconstruction of the Robin Hood legend that comes out firmly for civil rights, feminism, religious freedom, and economic opportunity for all.\" The \"Los Angeles Times\" found the", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "20702654", "text": "television. Otto Bathurst Otto Benjamin Charles Bathurst (born June 1971) is a British television and film director. In 2014 he won a BAFTA for his work on BBC drama \"Peaky Blinders\". He was also previously BAFTA nominated for his work on BBC series \"Criminal Justice\" and \"Five Days\". In 2011, Bathurst directed \"The National Anthem\", the first episode of science fiction anthology series \"Black Mirror\". In 2018, he directed \"Robin Hood\", starring Jamie Dornan as Will Scarlett, Jamie Foxx as Little John, Tim Minchin as Friar Tuck, Eve Hewson as Maid Marian and Taron Egerton as the eponymous hero. The", "title": "Otto Bathurst" }, { "id": "9001502", "text": "opposite Glenn Close and Jonathan Pryce (the latter playing the older Joe). Harry Lloyd Harry Charles Salusbury Lloyd (born 17 November 1983) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Will Scarlet in the 2006 BBC drama \"Robin Hood\", Jeremy Baines in the 2007 \"Doctor Who\" episodes \"Human Nature\" and \"The Family of Blood\", and Viserys Targaryen in the first season of the HBO series \"Game of Thrones\". He has also appeared on stage, and in films including \"The Theory of Everything\" and \"Anthropoid\". Lloyd was born in London, the son of Marion Evelyn (née Dickens), a", "title": "Harry Lloyd" }, { "id": "1901261", "text": "his life-debt to Robin. Tuck finds the Bishop attempting to flee with bundles of gold; Tuck burdens him with the treasure before defenestrating him. Robin and Marian profess their love for each other and are to be married in the forest, though they are briefly interrupted by the return of King Richard, who blesses the marriage and thanks Robin for his deeds. Rickman turned down the role of the sheriff twice before he was told he could have \"carte blanche\" with his interpretation of the character. Principal exteriors were shot on location in the United Kingdom. A second unit filmed", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "11030454", "text": "not have the potential for a sequel?\" and \"Let's say we might presume there's a sequel.\" At the world premiere in Cannes, Crowe declared he was willing \"if I had the opportunity to address what happens next with Ridley and Cate, then great, let's do it.\" Robin Hood (2010 film) Robin Hood is a 2010 British-American epic war drama film based on the Robin Hood legend, directed by Ridley Scott and starring Russell Crowe, Cate Blanchett, William Hurt, Mark Strong, Mark Addy, Oscar Isaac, Danny Huston, Eileen Atkins, and Max von Sydow. It was released in 12 countries on 12", "title": "Robin Hood (2010 film)" }, { "id": "12322811", "text": "skilled with a sword. He was also quick to quarrel with anyone who slighted him, deprived him of his food or made fun of his girth. In the film \"The Bandit of Sherwood Forest\" (1946) he was portrayed by Edgar Buchanan. In the film \"The Prince of Thieves\" (1948) he was portrayed by Alan Mowbray. In the film \"Rogues of Sherwood Forest\" (1950) he was portrayed by Billy House. In the late 1950s British television series \"The Adventures of Robin Hood,\" he was played by Alexander Gauge as a fat friar a tad too devoted to good eating. He is", "title": "Friar Tuck" }, { "id": "18828323", "text": "February 14, 2017, it was announced that Tim Minchin had been cast as Friar Tuck. Filming began on February 20, 2017 at different locations in Dubrovnik, Croatia, and in Le Raincy, France. Filming concluded on May 19. \"Robin Hood\" was released in the United States in standard theatres by Lionsgate's Summit Entertainment on November 21, 2018. The film was originally scheduled to be released on March 23, 2018 but in November 2016 was pushed back to the November date. , \"Robin Hood\" has grossed $30.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $42.7 million in other territories, for a", "title": "Robin Hood (2018 film)" }, { "id": "10318254", "text": "Charles H. Schneer Charles H. Schneer (May 5, 1920 – January 21, 2009) was a film producer most widely known for working with Ray Harryhausen, known for his work in stop motion model animation. Born in Norfolk, Virginia, he graduated from Columbia University in 1940. Serving in the US Army's Signal Corps Photographic Unit during the war, and moved to Hollywood following demobilisation. Schneer joined Columbia Pictures, where he wrote the script for the Robin Hood film \"The Prince of Thieves\" (1948) for Sam Katzman. He later adapted Byron's \"The Corsair\" for Katzman but it was not made. Schneer was", "title": "Charles H. Schneer" }, { "id": "17592221", "text": "to marry his betrothed Lady Christabel. He and his sister Lady Marian Claire are intercepted by Robin Hood and his band of Merry Men. Recognising a friend of King Richard, Robin informs them that Lady Christabel is to be married to another against her will in the interest of politics and her father's fortune. The three team up to rescue the fair lady. Alexander Dumas' 1872 novel was based on an 1836 romance by Pierce Egan. The idea for making the film came from Charles Schneer who worked for producer Sam Katzman. Katzman enjoyed making films from books in the", "title": "The Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "1963129", "text": "cameraman), Noel Rowland (camera operator), Pip Pearson (sound), and directors including Compton Bennett, Gordon Parry, Terry Bishop, Robert Day, Peter Seabourne, and Anthony Squire, plus stuntman Rupert Evans. The show aired on the Nine Network in Australia, CBC in Canada, and on CBS in the US. Many familiar faces pop up, including: Lionel Jeffries (\"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\"), Leslie Phillips, Jane Asher, Anne Reid (\"Coronation Street\" and \"Dinnerladies\"), Edward Mulhare (\"Knight Rider\"), Patrick Troughton (the Second Doctor), Irene Handl, Nicholas Parsons, Desmond Llewelyn (Q in the early Bond films), Sid James, Joan Sims and Bernard Bresslaw (Carry On films), Leo", "title": "The Adventures of Robin Hood (TV series)" }, { "id": "8759017", "text": "musicians Sarah Jane Morris, Anni Hogan and Joe Elliot of the band Def Leppard. Conceived, curated, co-written and directed by Strange, the production received a standing ovation from the sell-out crowd. Strange has worked as an actor since 1984, appearing extensively on stage, in films and on television. His numerous film appearances include \"Batman\" by Tim Burton, \"Mona Lisa\" by Neil Jordan, \"Robin Hood Prince of Thieves\", and \"Gangs of New York\" by Martin Scorsese. He can be seen in the Harmony Korine film \"Mr Lonely\", playing the part of Abraham Lincoln, and in the film \"Inkheart\", with Helen Mirren", "title": "Richard Strange" }, { "id": "1901256", "text": "guards and save the life of a Moor named Azeem, but Peter is mortally wounded in the process. After making Robin swear to protect his sister, Marian, Peter sacrifices himself so Robin can fully escape the city. Robin returns to England with Azeem, who has vowed to accompany him until his life-debt to Robin is repaid. After a run-in with Gisbourne, Robin returns home, finding his father dead and the castle in ruins. Robin tells Marian of Peter's demise and, after fleeing the Sheriff's forces, encounters a band of outlaws hiding in Sherwood Forest, led by Little John. Among the", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "7961528", "text": "Robin Hood takes his last mission to get rid of the Sheriff of Nottingham. Once Robin defeats the Sheriff, the game is won and concludes with a wedding of Robin Hood and Maid Marian, which is interrupted by King Richard, who has just returned to England. Richard gives Marian away and she and Robin are married. Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (video game) Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves is a console game released in 1991 for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy developed by Sculptured Software, Inc. and Bits Studios, respectively, and published by Virgin Games, Inc. It was", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (video game)" }, { "id": "9181050", "text": "Owen Teale Owen Teale (born 20 May 1961) is a Welsh actor best known for his role as Ser Alliser Thorne in the HBO fantasy TV series \"Game of Thrones\". Trained at the Guildford School of Acting, Teale made his television debut in \"The Mimosa Boys\" in 1984. in 1985, he appeared in the \"Doctor Who\" serial \"Vengeance on Varos\" as \"Maldak\". His film debut was in \"War Requiem\" in 1989. He later appeared in \"Knights of God\" (1989), \"Great Expectations\" (1989), and \"Boon\" (1990) before being cast as Will Scarlet in the 1991 film \"Robin Hood\". He went on", "title": "Owen Teale" }, { "id": "9181046", "text": "Owen Teale Owen Teale (born 20 May 1961) is a Welsh actor best known for his role as Ser Alliser Thorne in the HBO fantasy TV series \"Game of Thrones\". Trained at the Guildford School of Acting, Teale made his television debut in \"The Mimosa Boys\" in 1984. in 1985, he appeared in the \"Doctor Who\" serial \"Vengeance on Varos\" as \"Maldak\". His film debut was in \"War Requiem\" in 1989. He later appeared in \"Knights of God\" (1989), \"Great Expectations\" (1989), and \"Boon\" (1990) before being cast as Will Scarlet in the 1991 film \"Robin Hood\". He went on", "title": "Owen Teale" }, { "id": "7961526", "text": "perspectives, as the horse must be guided to jump over debris and ultimately beat the competitor. The game also had a loose equipping system, where nearly any object could be held as a weapon. When Duncan first joins Robin's band, he comes brandishing a chicken leg for attack. The game opens in an Arab prison in Jerusalem. Robin Hood is in prison along with Peter Dubois and Azeem. Robin must free both of them and then they must make their escape. Peter is mortally wounded in the escape process, but Robin and Azeem escape to England. Upon arrival in England,", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (video game)" }, { "id": "19147419", "text": "a February 16, 2018, release. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 100%, based on 7 reviews, and an average rating of 7.5/10. The Scent of Rain and Lightning (film) The Scent of Rain and Lightning is a 2017 American drama film directed by Blake Robbins and written by Jeff Robison and Casey Twenter, based on the novel of same name by Nancy Pickard. The film stars Maika Monroe, Maggie Grace, Justin Chatwin, Mark Webber, Logan Miller, Will Patton, and Brad Carter. The film had its world premiere at the Atlanta Film Festival on", "title": "The Scent of Rain and Lightning (film)" }, { "id": "1418058", "text": "the series \"The Felony Squad\". In 1968, McDowall appeared in one of his memorable roles when he was cast in \"Planet of the Apes\" as the ape Cornelius. He would later go on to appear in three sequels and a TV spin-off from the film. He was Prince John in \"The Legend of Robin Hood\" (1968) for TV, and appeared in \"5 Card Stud\" (1968), \"Journey to the Unknown\", \"It Takes a Thief\", \"Midas Run\" (1969), \"Hello Down There\" (1969), \"Angel, Angel, Down We Go\" (1969), \"Night Gallery\" (1969), \"The Name of the Game\" and \"Medical Center\". McDowall made his", "title": "Roddy McDowall" }, { "id": "501653", "text": "list as the 46th best villain in film history, though he revealed he almost did not take the role as he did not think \"Die Hard\" was the kind of film he wanted to make. His performance as the Sheriff of Nottingham in \"Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves\" also earned him praise as one of the best actors to portray a villain in films. Rickman took issue with being typecast as a villain, even though he was known for playing \"unsympathetic characters\". His portrayal of Severus Snape, the potions master in the \"Harry Potter\" series (2001–2011), was dark, but the", "title": "Alan Rickman" }, { "id": "16165012", "text": "in films. From 2014 to 2015, she co-starred in Steven Soderbergh's Cinemax TV series \"The Knick\". In October, 2015 she appeared as Carol Donovan in Steven Spielberg's Cold War movie \"Bridge of Spies\". Her character is daughter of the main character in the movie, played by Tom Hanks. She appeared as Maid Marian in the Otto Bathurst version of Robin Hood, released in November 2018. Taron Egerton, Jamie Foxx, and Jamie Dornan co-star. Hewson lives in Brooklyn, New York. She received her degree from New York University on 22 May 2013; her father, Bono, declined an honorary Doctorate of Humane", "title": "Eve Hewson" }, { "id": "12637096", "text": "voice actor, dubbing films into German, including Fred Astaire (\"Funny Face\" and \"Daddy Long Legs\"); Gary Cooper (\"Cloak and Dagger\", among others); Errol Flynn (\"The Adventures of Robin Hood\", \"Adventures of Don Juan\", among others); Cary Grant (\"Crisis\"); Rex Harrison (\"Cleopatra\"); Phil Silvers (\"Cover Girl\"); David Niven (\"The King's Thief\", among others), Tyrone Power (\"The Mark of Zorro\" and \"Prince of Foxes\", among others); James Stewart (in \"The Philadelphia Story\" and \"Anatomy of a Murder\", among others); Robert Taylor (\"Quo Vadis)\", Spencer Tracy (\"Malaya\"); Orson Welles (\"Citizen Kane\") and Trevor Howard (\"The Third Man\"). Hans Nielsen (actor) Hans Nielsen (30", "title": "Hans Nielsen (actor)" }, { "id": "5650264", "text": "Beast\" (6th), \"Cape Fear\" (10th), \"The Prince of Tides\" (18th), \"JFK\" (21st), \"Boyz n the Hood\" (22nd), \"Thelma and Louise\" (27th), \"The Fisher King\" (30th), and \"Bugsy\" (32nd) were nominated for Best Picture, directing, acting, or screenwriting. The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were \"Terminator 2: Judgment Day\" (1st), \"Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves\" (2nd), \"Hook\" (5th), \"The Addams Family\" (7th), \"Backdraft\" (12th), and \"Star Trek VI: the Undiscovery Country\" (13th). Several days before the ceremony, LGBT activist groups such as Queer Nation and Out in Film announced plans to stage a protest outside the Dorothy", "title": "64th Academy Awards" }, { "id": "19147417", "text": "The Scent of Rain and Lightning (film) The Scent of Rain and Lightning is a 2017 American drama film directed by Blake Robbins and written by Jeff Robison and Casey Twenter, based on the novel of same name by Nancy Pickard. The film stars Maika Monroe, Maggie Grace, Justin Chatwin, Mark Webber, Logan Miller, Will Patton, and Brad Carter. The film had its world premiere at the Atlanta Film Festival on March 25, 2017. It is scheduled to be released in a limited release and through video on demand on February 16, 2018, by SP Releasing. On July 23, 2015,", "title": "The Scent of Rain and Lightning (film)" }, { "id": "3742814", "text": "product of less sophisticated studios; and except for Peter Ustinov's plummy Prince John, the voice characterisations are as insipid as the animation is unoriginal.\" Decades since the film's release, the film has been heavily noted for the recycled scenes of animation. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that the film received a 52% approval rating with an average rating of 5.4/10 based on 27 reviews. The website's consensus states that \"One of the weaker Disney adaptations, \"Robin Hood\" is cute and colorful but lacks the majesty and excitement of the studio's earlier efforts.\" On its initial release, \"Robin Hood\"", "title": "Robin Hood (1973 film)" }, { "id": "15376438", "text": "Afemo Omilami Afemo Omilami (born December 13, 1950) is an American actor. Also played iIn The Heat Of The Night He has appeared in many films such as \"Glory\" (1989), \"The Firm\" (1993), \"Gordy\" (1995), \"Remember the Titans\" (2000), \"Hounddog\" (2007), \"The Blind Side\" (2009), and \"Terminator Genisys\" (2015). He is perhaps best known for his role as the Drill Sergeant in \"Forrest Gump\" (1994). He was nominated for \"Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special\" in the 2013 NAACP Image Awards for his performance in Lifetime's \"Steel Magnolias\" as Drum Eatenton. He married his wife Elisabeth Omilami", "title": "Afemo Omilami" }, { "id": "639833", "text": "starring film role in \"Popeye\" (1980), Williams starred in numerous films that achieved critical and financial success, including \"Good Morning, Vietnam\" (1987), \"Dead Poets Society\" (1989), \"Aladdin\" (1992), \"The Birdcage\" (1996), and \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997). He also starred in widely acclaimed films, such as \"The World According to Garp\" (1982), \"Moscow on the Hudson\" (1984), \"Awakenings\" (1990), \"The Fisher King\" (1991), \"One Hour Photo\" (2002), and \"World's Greatest Dad\" (2009), as well as box office hits, such as \"Hook\" (1991), \"Mrs. Doubtfire\" (1993), \"Jumanji\" (1995), and the \"Night at the Museum\" trilogy (2006–2014). Williams was nominated four times for", "title": "Robin Williams" }, { "id": "721497", "text": "The Adventures of Robin Hood The Adventures of Robin Hood is a 1938 American Technicolor swashbuckler film from Warner Bros., produced by Hal B. Wallis and Henry Blanke, directed by Michael Curtiz and William Keighley, that stars Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, and Claude Rains. Written by Norman Reilly Raine and Seton I. Miller, the film concerns a Saxon knight who, in King Richard's absence in the Holy Land during the Crusades, fights back as the outlaw leader of a rebel guerrilla band against Prince John and the Norman lords oppressing the Saxon commoners. \"The Adventures of Robin", "title": "The Adventures of Robin Hood" }, { "id": "721520", "text": "famous climactic duel between Robin and Sir Guy is reduced to a couple of frames. The Adventures of Robin Hood The Adventures of Robin Hood is a 1938 American Technicolor swashbuckler film from Warner Bros., produced by Hal B. Wallis and Henry Blanke, directed by Michael Curtiz and William Keighley, that stars Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Basil Rathbone, and Claude Rains. Written by Norman Reilly Raine and Seton I. Miller, the film concerns a Saxon knight who, in King Richard's absence in the Holy Land during the Crusades, fights back as the outlaw leader of a rebel guerrilla band", "title": "The Adventures of Robin Hood" }, { "id": "5966218", "text": "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman. Directed by Zack Snyder, the film is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU), following 2013's \"Man of Steel\". It was written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Jesse Eisenberg, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Jeremy Irons, Holly Hunter, and Gal Gadot. \"Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice\" is the first live-action film to feature Batman and Superman together,", "title": "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice" }, { "id": "637777", "text": "It's a romance horror film very loosely based on the folk tale \"Little Red Riding Hood.\" It stars Amanda Seyfried in the title role. Co-stars include Gary Oldman, Billy Burke, Virginia Madsen, Shiloh Fernandez, etc. He was also an executive producer for \"The Ides of March\" (2011), an American political drama film directed by George Clooney. The film is an adaptation of Willimon's 2008 play \"Farragut North\". It stars Ryan Gosling, George Clooney, Evan Rachel Wood, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Marisa Tomei, Paul Giamatti, and Jeffrey Wright. In 2012, DiCaprio starred as villainous Calvin Candie in Quentin Tarantino's spaghetti western, \"Django", "title": "Leonardo DiCaprio" }, { "id": "19655809", "text": "Jim Daly (actor) Jim Daly (born 1934/35, Adelaide) is an Australia actor, famously known for his role as Dugal in \"Pirate Islands\". Jim Daly was born in Adelaide. He started acting in 1955, appearing as Robin Hood in the play \"The King's Thief\" where he was talent-spotted at the Speech Night of his school, CBC, Wakefield St, in Adelaide. His professional career began that year with Dame Joanna Priest at The Studio Theatre, Adelaide, in a production of Benjamin Britten's \"Let's Make an Opera\". For three years he learnt ballet under Dame Joanne. In 1964, Daly completed a course in", "title": "Jim Daly (actor)" }, { "id": "10365412", "text": "to TV next, directing the first two hours of the mini-series \"Wild Palms\". He directed Disney's \"Tom and Huck\" in 1995 which was based on Mark Twain's \"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\". Hewitt returned to Britain to film \"The Borrowers\", loosely based on a children's novel by Mary Norton of the same name. He remained in England to helm \"Whatever Happened to Harold Smith?\" (1999), then tried his hand at TV work again with \"The Princess of Thieves\" (2001), filmed in Romania but featuring a mostly British cast, including a young Keira Knightley as Robin Hood's daughter, Gwyn. Hewitt co-wrote", "title": "Peter Hewitt (director)" }, { "id": "1963130", "text": "McKern (\"Rumpole of the Bailey\"), Alfie Bass, Harry H. Corbett and Wilfrid Brambell (\"Steptoe and Son\"), Richard O'Sullivan (\"Man About the House\"), Billie Whitelaw, Ronald Allen, and Gordon Jackson. John Schlesinger as an actor appeared in three episodes as singing minstrels (Hale and Alan a Dale (series 2)). A number of actors appeared in supporting roles in most episodes, for series 1 these include: Victor Woolf, Willoughby Gray, and John Longden, and for later series include: Paul Hansard, Morris Barry, Patrick Troughton, Wilfrid Brambell, Nigel Davenport, Kevin Stoney, Ronald Hines, and Max Faulkner, who also did stunt/double work. Frank Maher", "title": "The Adventures of Robin Hood (TV series)" }, { "id": "17592223", "text": "Hall's casting was announced in March. The censor objected to depictions of Friar Tuck being interested in worldly pleasures and the character had to be toned down. \"Allmovie\" called the film a \"decided B-picture effort,\" and wrote that its Cinecolor, \"lacked the glowing luster\" of the Technicolor used in the earlier \"The Bandit of Sherwood Forest\"; and regretted that the soundtrack \"was mostly stock music from the Columbia library.\" The reviewer also noted \"The movie's aim at younger audiences (and escapist male filmgoers),\" and concluded, \"The one true oddity in the movie, and its most offbeat element, is the presence", "title": "The Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "10344800", "text": "Patrick Van Horn Patrick Van Horn (born August 19, 1969) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Sue in the 1996 film \"Swingers\", starring alongside real-life friends Jon Favreau, Vince Vaughn and Ron Livingston. He had previously appeared in the Dirty Harry film \"The Dead Pool\" (1988), in the Pauly Shore comedy \"Encino Man\" (1992), and on the TV series \"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\" in 1990. From 1992 to 1993 he hosted the series \"I Witness Video\". After \"Swingers\" he had roles in the Neve Campbell/Matthew Perry comedy \"Three To Tango\" (1999), the 2002", "title": "Patrick Van Horn" }, { "id": "19571722", "text": "Den of Thieves (film) Den of Thieves (released in some countries as Criminal Squad) is a 2018 American heist film written, directed, and produced by Christian Gudegast and starring Gerard Butler, Curtis \"50 Cent\" Jackson, Pablo Schreiber, O'Shea Jackson Jr., Evan Jones, Dawn Olivieri, Mo McRae, and Max Holloway. In the film, an elite group of County Sheriff Deputies look to stop a gang of thieves planning to rob the Federal Reserve in Los Angeles. The film was released in the United States on January 19, 2018, distributed by STXfilms, received mixed reviews and grossed $80 million worldwide. A sequel", "title": "Den of Thieves (film)" }, { "id": "2880206", "text": "gave the film half of one star out of four and called it \"a most disappointing Mel Brooks movie parody that suggests that the once hilarious Brooks has lost his way. The pacing is agonizingly slow, and many of the jokes are recycled from his earlier, better work.\" Rita Kenmpley of \"The Washington Post\" called it \"a pointless and untimely lampoon of 'Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves' from the increasingly creaky spoofmeister Mel Brooks.\" Peter Rainer of the \"Los Angeles Times\" was mixed, writing that \"what's enjoyable about the best parts of 'Men in Tights' is its grab-bag, throwaway style,\"", "title": "Robin Hood: Men in Tights" }, { "id": "8666281", "text": "Craig Fairbrass Craig Fairbrass (born 15 January 1964) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Dan Sullivan in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" and Pat Tate in the \"Rise of the Footsoldier\" film series. Fairbrass had other notable roles in the films \"Cliffhanger\" (1993), \"\" (2007), \"The Bank Job\" (2008), \"Devil's Playground\" (2010), \"St George's Day\" (2012), \"The Outsider\" (2014), \"Breakdown\" (2016) and \"London Heist\" (2017). Internationally he is known for voicing several leading characters in the \"Call of Duty\" video game franchise. Fairbrass was born in Mile End Hospital in East London, the son", "title": "Craig Fairbrass" }, { "id": "4987444", "text": "\"The Dark Knight Rises\" (2012) as Bane, and \"Dunkirk\" (2017). He starred as Eddie Brock / Venom in the antihero film \"Venom\" (2018). Hardy's television roles include the HBO war drama miniseries \"Band of Brothers\" (2001), the BBC historical drama miniseries \"The Virgin Queen\" (2005), ITV's \"Wuthering Heights\" (2008), the Sky 1 drama series \"The Take\" (2009), and the BBC historical crime drama series \"Peaky Blinders\" (2013–2017). He created, co-produced, and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series \"Taboo\" (2017) on BBC One and FX. Hardy has performed on both British and American stages. He was nominated for", "title": "Tom Hardy" }, { "id": "18828312", "text": "began in February 2017, lasting through May. \"Robin Hood\" was released by Lionsgate on November 21, 2018. The film received generally negative reviews from critics, who criticized the direction, narrative and wasting of the cast, and has grossed over $72 million against a production budget of $100 million. Due to its critical and financial shortcomings, partnered with its modern take on a classic source material, numerous publications compared the film to 2017's \"\". Lord Robin of Loxley lives in Nottingham and enjoys a good life with his lover, Marian, before he is drafted by the corrupt Sheriff of Nottingham to", "title": "Robin Hood (2018 film)" }, { "id": "18285303", "text": "Velibor Topić Velibor Topić (born 1970 in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina) is a Bosnian–Herzegovinian and English actor. He is known for his roles in \"Snatch\" (2000), \"Kingdom of Heaven\" (2005), \"Robin Hood\" (2010), \"The Counselor\" (2013), \"\" (2014), as well as for his work in British TV dramas such as \"Sharpe's Peril\" (2002), \"The Bill\" (2002) and \"Ambassadors\" (2013). Throughout his career, Topić has worked three times with Ridley Scott as well as other well-known directors such as Guy Ritchie, Tom Hooper, Matthew Vaughn, Anthony Minghella and William Monahan. Topić was born in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina (former SFR Yugoslavia),", "title": "Velibor Topić" }, { "id": "17322939", "text": "office hit. It earned over $3 million in the US and was the 14th most popular movie of the year in France in 1948. The sets built for the film were reused in the Three Stooges shorts \"Squareheads of the Round Table\", \"Fiddlers Three\", and \"The Hot Scots\", and again for the 1948 film \"The Prince of Thieves\". The Bandit of Sherwood Forest The Bandit of Sherwood Forest is a 1946 American Technicolor adventure film directed by Henry Levin & George Sherman and starring Cornel Wilde, Anita Louise, Jill Esmond and Edgar Buchanan. Robin Hood's son (Cornel Wilde) returns to", "title": "The Bandit of Sherwood Forest" }, { "id": "6456594", "text": "Order of the British Empire (OBE) \"for services to Drama\". He is an Ambassador for Survival International, the global movement for tribal peoples' rights. Simon McBurney Simon Montagu McBurney, OBE (born 25 August 1957) is an English actor, writer and director. He is the founder and artistic director of the Théâtre de Complicité, London. He has had roles in the films \"The Manchurian Candidate\", \"Friends with Money\", \"The Golden Compass\", \"The Duchess\", \"Robin Hood\", \"\", \"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\", \"Magic in the Moonlight\", \"The Theory of Everything\" and \"\". McBurney was born in Cambridge, England. His father, Charles McBurney, was", "title": "Simon McBurney" }, { "id": "1447991", "text": "career as a dramatist continued, his best-known play being \"Romanoff and Juliet\" (1956). His film roles include Roman emperor Nero in \"Quo Vadis\" (1951), Lentulus Batiatus in \"Spartacus\" (1960), Captain Vere in \"Billy Budd\" (1962) and an old man surviving a totalitarian future in \"Logan's Run\" (1976). Ustinov voiced the anthropomorphic lions Prince John and King Richard in the 1973 Disney animated film \"Robin Hood\". He also worked on several films as writer and occasionally director, including \"The Way Ahead\" (1944), \"School for Secrets\" (1946), \"Hot Millions\" (1968) and \"Memed, My Hawk\" (1984). In half a dozen films, he played", "title": "Peter Ustinov" }, { "id": "15116316", "text": "Douglas Fairbanks Douglas Fairbanks (born Douglas Elton Thomas Ullman; May 23, 1883 – December 12, 1939) was an American actor, screenwriter, director, and producer. He was best known for his swashbuckling roles in silent films including \"The Thief of Bagdad\", \"Robin Hood\", and \"The Mark of Zorro\" but spent the early part of his career making comedies. Fairbanks was a founding member of United Artists. He was also a founding member of The Motion Picture Academy and hosted the first Oscars Ceremony in 1929. With his marriage to Mary Pickford in 1920, the couple became Hollywood royalty and Fairbanks was", "title": "Douglas Fairbanks" }, { "id": "12501365", "text": "to assist in building the company, including CAA co-founder Michael Ovitz, music industry veterans Jimmy Iovine, Shelly Yakus, music producer Bob Ezrin, film producer, George J. Folsey and Warner Bros. director Salah Hassanein. Todd-Ao/Glen Glenn Studios then the world's largest motion picture and television sound studios became a large stakeholder which led QSound to be utilized in various feature film productions including, Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves. In 1991, Ryckman took a break from the entertainment industry and purchased and privatized the Calgary Stampeders Football Club of the Canadian Football League (CFL). At the time the team was struggling financially", "title": "Larry Ryckman" }, { "id": "4987443", "text": "Tom Hardy Edward Thomas Hardy, (born 15 September 1977) is an English actor, producer, and former model. Hardy made his film debut in Ridley Scott's \"Black Hawk Down\" (2001) and has since played in such films as \"\" (2002), \"RocknRolla\" (2008), \"Bronson\" (2008), \"Warrior\" (2011), \"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\" (2011), \"Lawless\" (2012), \"Locke\" (2013), \"The Drop\" (2014), and \"The Revenant\" (2015), for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2015, Hardy portrayed \"Mad\" Max Rockatansky in \"\" and both Kray twins in \"Legend\". He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films: \"Inception\" (2010),", "title": "Tom Hardy" }, { "id": "1901257", "text": "band is Will Scarlett, who holds a belligerent grudge against Robin. Robin assumes command of the group, training them into a formidable force in opposition of Nottingham. They rob any convoys that pass through the forest and distribute the stolen wealth among the poor. Friar Tuck, once a member of a convoy, joins the group after coming to understand Robin's cause. Marian sympathizes with the band and offers Robin any aid she can muster; the two grow close and begin to fall in love. Robin's successes infuriate the Sheriff, who increases the mistreatment of the people, resulting in greater local", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "18264584", "text": "Phelim McDermott Phelim McDermott (born 21 August 1963) is an English actor and stage director. He has directed plays and operas in Britain, Germany, Spain, the United States, and Australia. McDermott was a co-founder of the Improbable theatre in 1996. McDermott was born in Manchester, England. His screen debut was as Jester in the 1991 film \"Robin Hood\", followed by further minor roles in \"The Baby of Mâcon\" (1993) and other films. He has appeared on stage, including in 1991 at the Nottingham Playhouse production of Sandi Toksvig's \"The Pocket Dream\" and in Shakespeare's \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\". He also", "title": "Phelim McDermott" }, { "id": "3473976", "text": "he played a supporting role in the 2016 film \"Hit List\". In 2017, he appeared in the films \"Fake News\", \"The Last Full Measure\" and James Franco's \"In Dubious Battle,\" and on the popular television show \"Twin Peaks.\" In 2018, he appeared on the television show \"Goliath\". In 2017, Savage spoke at a tribute honoring director Richard Donner, held by The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. John Savage (actor) John Savage (born John Smeallie Youngs; August 25, 1949) is an American actor, best known for his roles in the films \"The Deer Hunter\", \"The Onion Field\", \"Hair\" and", "title": "John Savage (actor)" }, { "id": "6456588", "text": "Simon McBurney Simon Montagu McBurney, OBE (born 25 August 1957) is an English actor, writer and director. He is the founder and artistic director of the Théâtre de Complicité, London. He has had roles in the films \"The Manchurian Candidate\", \"Friends with Money\", \"The Golden Compass\", \"The Duchess\", \"Robin Hood\", \"\", \"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\", \"Magic in the Moonlight\", \"The Theory of Everything\" and \"\". McBurney was born in Cambridge, England. His father, Charles McBurney, was an American archaeologist and academic. Charles McBurney was the grandson of the American surgeon Charles McBurney (who was credited with describing the medical sign", "title": "Simon McBurney" }, { "id": "3742811", "text": "of appealing cartoon animals with perfect voices for the part makes \"Robin Hood\" an excellent evening out for the whole family.\" Also writing in the \"New York\" magazine, Ruth Gilbert called it \"a sweet, funny, slam-bang, good-hearted Walt Disney feature cartoon with a fine cast\" and wrote it was \"a feast for the eyes for kiddies and Disney nostalgics.\" Charles Champlin of the \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that the Disney \"hallmarks are there as they ever were: the incomparably rich, full animation, the humanized animal characters perky, individual and enchanting, and the wild, inventive slapstick action.\" Awarding the film four", "title": "Robin Hood (1973 film)" }, { "id": "880218", "text": "Nick Nolte Nicholas King Nolte (born February 8, 1941) is an American actor, producer, author, and former model. He won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1991 film \"The Prince of Tides\". He went on to receive Academy Award nominations for \"Affliction\" (1998) and \"Warrior\" (2011). His other film appearances include \"The Deep\" (1977), \"Who'll Stop The Rain\" (1978), \"North Dallas Forty\" (1979), \"48 Hrs.\" (1982), \"Teachers\" (1984), \"Down and Out in Beverly Hills\" (1986), \"Another 48 Hrs.\" (1990), \"Everybody Wins\" (1990), \"Cape", "title": "Nick Nolte" }, { "id": "18264585", "text": "appeared in the BBC Radio 4 improvisational show \"The Masterson Inheritance\" (1993 to 1995). He was made an Honorary Doctor of Middlesex University in 2007. Phelim McDermott Phelim McDermott (born 21 August 1963) is an English actor and stage director. He has directed plays and operas in Britain, Germany, Spain, the United States, and Australia. McDermott was a co-founder of the Improbable theatre in 1996. McDermott was born in Manchester, England. His screen debut was as Jester in the 1991 film \"Robin Hood\", followed by further minor roles in \"The Baby of Mâcon\" (1993) and other films. He has appeared", "title": "Phelim McDermott" }, { "id": "16958212", "text": "feature films \"Robin Hood\" (1973), \"The Rescuers\" (1976) and \"The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh\" (1977), one of many Disney to draw on A. A. Milne's characters. Many UK actors have achieved international fame and critical success, including Julie Andrews, Christian Bale, Richard Burton, Helena Bonham Carter, Kenneth Branagh, Michael Caine, Charlie Chaplin, Ronald Colman, Sean Connery, Daniel Day-Lewis, Denholm Elliott, Ralph Fiennes, Albert Finney, Colin Firth, Joan Fontaine, Cary Grant, John Gielgud, Alec Guinness, Rex Harrison, Olivia de Havilland, Audrey Hepburn, Anthony Hopkins, Bob Hoskins, John Hurt, Jeremy Irons, Ben Kingsley, Angela Lansbury, Stan Laurel, Vivien Leigh, James", "title": "Hollywood and the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "10763701", "text": "Rick Zumwalt Richard Lee Zumwalt Jr. (September 24, 1951 – March 19, 2003) was an American professional multiple world champion arm-wrestler and actor. He is known for playing the character of Bob \"Bull\" Hurley in the 1987 Sylvester Stallone movie \"Over the Top\". He appeared in several movies in small roles, such as the 1988 film \"The Presidio\" and in 1990, he appeared in an episode of the TV series \"Night Court,\" and a small role in \"Batman Returns\" in 1992 as one of the Penguin's henchmen. He also co-starred as \"Judge Mental\" on the kids' gameshow \"Pictionary\". In his", "title": "Rick Zumwalt" }, { "id": "13768285", "text": "Chuck Hogan Charles Patrick Hogan (born August 4, 1967) is an American novelist, screenwriter, and television producer. He is best known as the author of \"Prince of Thieves\", and as the co-author of \"The Strain\" trilogy with Guillermo del Toro. Alongside del Toro, Hogan created the television series \"The Strain\" (2014–2017), adapting their trilogy of vampire novels. Hogan also wrote the crime novels \"The Standoff\" (1995), \"The Blood Artists\" (1998), \"The Killing Moon\" (2007), and \"The Devils In Exiles\" (2010), and the screenplay for the war film \"\" (2016). \"Prince of Thieves\" (2004) was adapted into Ben Affleck's Academy Award-nominated", "title": "Chuck Hogan" }, { "id": "4987463", "text": "to drama. Tom Hardy Edward Thomas Hardy, (born 15 September 1977) is an English actor, producer, and former model. Hardy made his film debut in Ridley Scott's \"Black Hawk Down\" (2001) and has since played in such films as \"\" (2002), \"RocknRolla\" (2008), \"Bronson\" (2008), \"Warrior\" (2011), \"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\" (2011), \"Lawless\" (2012), \"Locke\" (2013), \"The Drop\" (2014), and \"The Revenant\" (2015), for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2015, Hardy portrayed \"Mad\" Max Rockatansky in \"\" and both Kray twins in \"Legend\". He has appeared in three Christopher Nolan films:", "title": "Tom Hardy" }, { "id": "5397467", "text": "Tracy-Katharine Hepburn vehicle, \"Without Love\" (1945), and the Deanna Durbin comedy-mystery \"Lady on a Train\" (1945). She played formidably villainous roles in the final installments of Universal's Sherlock Holmes series and MGM's The Thin Man series — respectively, \"Dressed to Kill\" (1946), and \"Song of the Thin Man\" (1947). She played the female antagonist in \"Tarzan and the Huntress\" (1947), the penultimate film starring Johnny Weissmuller as Edgar Rice Burroughs' title character. Her few leading roles during this time were in \"B\" pictures, notably as Maid Marian opposite Jon Hall's Robin Hood in the Cinecolor production \"The Prince of Thieves\"", "title": "Patricia Morison" }, { "id": "8666290", "text": "two sons together Jack and Luke. Craig Fairbrass Craig Fairbrass (born 15 January 1964) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Dan Sullivan in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" and Pat Tate in the \"Rise of the Footsoldier\" film series. Fairbrass had other notable roles in the films \"Cliffhanger\" (1993), \"\" (2007), \"The Bank Job\" (2008), \"Devil's Playground\" (2010), \"St George's Day\" (2012), \"The Outsider\" (2014), \"Breakdown\" (2016) and \"London Heist\" (2017). Internationally he is known for voicing several leading characters in the \"Call of Duty\" video game franchise. Fairbrass was born in Mile End", "title": "Craig Fairbrass" }, { "id": "51915", "text": "Bruce Campbell Bruce Lorne Campbell (born June 22, 1958) is an American actor, producer, writer, comedian and director. One of his best-known roles is portraying Ash Williams in Sam Raimi's \"Evil Dead\" franchise, beginning with the 1978 short film \"Within the Woods\". He has starred in many low-budget cult films such as \"Crimewave\" (1985), \"Maniac Cop\" (1988), \"\" (1989), and \"Bubba Ho-Tep\" (2002). In television, Campbell had lead roles in \"The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.\" (1993–94) and \"Jack of all Trades\" (2000), starred as Autolycus (the King of Thieves) in \"\" and \"\" (1995–99), Sam Axe on the USA", "title": "Bruce Campbell" }, { "id": "14916806", "text": "the Canadian Screen Awards in 2014. Petronijevic also performed the role of Thad Guerwitcz in ESPN's 2003 sports drama \"Playmakers\". He played a closeted professional football player who is outed by his boyfriend. Petronijevic's other roles include Brody in \"Todd and the Book of Pure Evil\" (TV series and film) and Ronald Stiviletto in \"Happy Town\". He also worked on the shows \"PSI Factor\", \"\", \"Republic of Doyle\", \"Saving Hope\", and \"Rookie Blue\". Petronijevic played the role of Bull in the films \"\" and \"\". Along with Malin Akerman, he co-starred in Cottage Country. Other films he has appeared in", "title": "Dan Petronijevic" }, { "id": "1901260", "text": "comfort with a peasant woman. Robin's anger over what he saw as a betrayal of his mother’s memory caused his father to leave her, thereby leaving Will fatherless. Robin is overjoyed to learn that he has a brother and reconciles with Will. On the day of the wedding and hangings, Robin and his men infiltrate Nottingham Castle and free the prisoners as Azeem inspires the peasants to revolt. The Sheriff retreats with Marian into a chapel to be married; Robin pursues him and, after a fierce fight, kills the Sheriff. Mortianna attacks him, but she is slain by Azeem, fulfilling", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "13768286", "text": "film \"The Town\" (2010). The work won the 2005 Hammett Prize and was called one of the ten best novels of the year by Stephen King. Chuck Hogan Charles Patrick Hogan (born August 4, 1967) is an American novelist, screenwriter, and television producer. He is best known as the author of \"Prince of Thieves\", and as the co-author of \"The Strain\" trilogy with Guillermo del Toro. Alongside del Toro, Hogan created the television series \"The Strain\" (2014–2017), adapting their trilogy of vampire novels. Hogan also wrote the crime novels \"The Standoff\" (1995), \"The Blood Artists\" (1998), \"The Killing Moon\" (2007),", "title": "Chuck Hogan" }, { "id": "16981334", "text": "Flynn movies, he appeared in \"The Adventures of Robin Hood\", \"The Prince and the Pauper\" and \"Captain Blood\". Ivan F. Simpson starred in over 100 Hollywood films, his last was \"My Girl Tisa\" from 1948. He died three years later at the age of 76 years and was buried in Kensico Cemetery. His daughter was actress Pamela Simpson (1905-2002). Ivan Simpson Ivan F. Simpson (8 February 1875 – 12 October 1951) was a Scottish film and stage actor. Ivan Simpson was born in Scotland and went as a young man to New York City, where he worked for four decades", "title": "Ivan Simpson" }, { "id": "18828327", "text": "be relevant... Jamie Foxx must have lost a bet. The plot is twisty in a perfunctory way, the action predictably explosive, the sought-after exhilaration nonexistent.\" Peter Bradshaw of \"The Guardian\" summarised the film a \"beardless and bloated prequel (which) should be outlawed.\" Michael O'Sullivan, writing for \"The Washington Post\", described the film as amounting to \"a chilly and flavorless frappé of historical speculation, revisionist folklore and every lazy action-movie cliche ever written\". Robin Hood (2018 film) Robin Hood is a 2018 American action-adventure film directed by Otto Bathurst and written by Ben Chandler and David James Kelly, from a story", "title": "Robin Hood (2018 film)" }, { "id": "2707120", "text": "natural beauty of the Beeches have made it a desirable filming location. \"Robin Hood Prince of Thieves\", \"The Crying Game\", \"First Knight\", \"Goldfinger\", \"The Princess Bride\", the 1952 Disney film \"The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men\", \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\" and \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" are among the films and TV productions that have been shot at Burnham Beeches. Filming is tightly controlled in recognition of the Beeches' international importance for wildlife. Filming is restricted to no more than twenty days per year and to certain times of", "title": "Burnham Beeches" }, { "id": "18828324", "text": "total worldwide gross of $72.9 million, against a production budget of $100 million. In the United States and Canada, \"Robin Hood\" was released alongside \"Creed II\" and \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\", as well as the wide expansion of \"Green Book\", and was projected to gross $13–15 million from 2,827 theaters in its five-day opening weekend. The film made $3.2 million on its first day, including $1.2 million from early previews ($800,000 from Tuesday night previews and an additional $400,000 from advanced Monday night screenings). It went on to debut to $9.1 million (a five-day total of $14.2 million), finishing seventh", "title": "Robin Hood (2018 film)" }, { "id": "2880196", "text": "Robin Hood: Men in Tights Robin Hood: Men in Tights is a 1993 American musical adventure comedy film and a parody of the Robin Hood story. The film was produced and directed by Mel Brooks, co-written by Brooks, Evan Chandler, and J. David Shapiro based on a story by Chandler and Shapiro, and stars Cary Elwes, Richard Lewis, and Dave Chappelle in his film debut. It includes frequent comedic references to previous \"Robin Hood\" films (particularly \"\", upon which the plot is loosely structured, Disney's \"Robin Hood\", and the 1938 Errol Flynn adaptation, \"The Adventures of Robin Hood\"). The film", "title": "Robin Hood: Men in Tights" }, { "id": "11576792", "text": "Boris Khmelnitsky Boris Alexandrovich Khmelnitsky (; born on 27 June 1940 in Ussuriysk, died on 16 February 2008 in Moscow) was a Russian theatre and movie actor. He worked many years in the Taganka Theatre in Moscow. In cinema, he was known for many of his roles in Soviet adventure films. He played Robin Hood, Prince Igor, Captain Grant and many other characters. The last film he participated in was the 2008 film about Taras Bulba by Vladimir Bortko. Played Robin Good in 1976 film \"Robin Good's Arrows\" () and 1983 film \"Ballad of valiant knight Ivanhoe\" (). He married", "title": "Boris Khmelnitsky" }, { "id": "1470063", "text": "(1996) garnered him a second Academy Award nomination, for Best Actor, as well as BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations. Since then, Fiennes has been in a number of notable films, including \"Quiz Show\" (1994), \"Strange Days\" (1995), \"The End of the Affair\" (1999), \"Red Dragon\" (2002), \"Maid in Manhattan\" (2002), \"The Constant Gardener\" (2005), \"In Bruges\" (2008), \"The Reader\" (2008), \"Clash of the Titans\" (2010), \"Great Expectations\" (2012) and \"The Grand Budapest Hotel\" (2014). He voiced Rameses in \"The Prince of Egypt\" (1998) and Alfred Pennyworth in \"The Lego Batman Movie\" (2017). Fiennes is also known for his roles in", "title": "Ralph Fiennes" }, { "id": "7961527", "text": "Robin finds that his father has been murdered and that the Sheriff of Nottingham is ruling England oppressively in the absence of King Richard. Maid Marian tells Robin that there are rumours that men are hiding out in Sherwood Forest from the sheriff and tells him to go there, seek them out and join them. Once Robin joins the camp in Sherwood, it becomes Robin Hood’s home base for the remainder of the game. He continually leaves camp to undertake various missions. Upon completing each mission, Robin must return to camp to find out what mission to undertake next. Eventually,", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (video game)" }, { "id": "7320776", "text": "Jones, the second husband of Jane Hawking. Cox has portrayed Matt Murdock in Marvel's \"Daredevil\" TV series as well as the 2017 team-up miniseries event \"The Defenders\", produced and released through Netflix. His performance was praised and given a Helen Keller Achievement Award for his role by the American Foundation for the Blind. Between filming seasons of \"Daredevil\", Cox made his New York theater debut co-starring in the off-Broadway production of \"Incognito\" at the Manhattan Theatre Club. His most recent feature film role was opposite Michael Caine, Jim Broadbent, Ray Winstone and others in \"King of Thieves\", based on the", "title": "Charlie Cox" }, { "id": "8458942", "text": "done near Betws-y-Coed in North Wales other filming locations were Beeston Castle and various locations within the Frodsham area including Heathercliffe and St Lawrence church Robin Hood (1991 British film) Robin Hood is a 1991 British adventure film directed by John Irvin, executive produced by John McTiernan and starring Patrick Bergin, Uma Thurman, Jürgen Prochnow, Jeroen Krabbé and Edward Fox. Although originally intended for a theatrical release in the United States and South America, the film was premiered on the Fox network in those territories a month before the release of \"\". It was released in cinemas in several countries", "title": "Robin Hood (1991 British film)" }, { "id": "8497626", "text": "Joe Armstrong (actor) Joe Armstrong (born 7 October 1978) is an English actor. His notable television roles include Allan A Dale in three series of \"Robin Hood\", Hotspur in \"Henry IV, Part I\", Ashley Cowgill in \"Happy Valley\" and Bairstow in \"The Village\". On stage, he played the lead role in D. C. Moore's \"The Empire\" and appeared in the 2011 revival of \"Flare Path\". He co-starred with Maxine Peake in \"Miss Julie\" at the Royal Exchange and with Louise Brealey in a touring production of \"Constellations\". Armstrong is the son of actor Alun Armstrong and his wife Sue. He", "title": "Joe Armstrong (actor)" }, { "id": "6678781", "text": "special episode (\"A Christmassy Ted\") of the Channel 4 sitcom \"Father Ted\". His film credits include \"The Constant Gardener\", and he was also cast as Queenan in \"The Departed\" but had to pull out (Martin Sheen took over the role). McSorley most recently played the role of Robert Aske in the Showtime historical drama \"The Tudors\". He appeared in the 2010 movie \"Robin Hood\", directed by Ridley Scott and starring Russell Crowe. Gerard McSorley Gerard McSorley (born 1950) is an Irish theatre, television and film actor. He was born in Omagh, County Tyrone, and after attending a Christian Brothers school", "title": "Gerard McSorley" }, { "id": "11030434", "text": "among them the United States and Canada. The film received mixed reviews and made more than $320 million at the box office. In the year 1199, Robin Longstride (Russell Crowe) serves as a common archer in the army of King Richard the Lionheart (Danny Huston). A veteran of Richard's crusade, he now takes part in the siege of Chalus Castle. Disillusioned and war-weary, he gives a frank but unflattering appraisal of the King's conduct when the King asks his opinion, and Robin and his comrades—archers Allan A'Dayle (Alan Doyle) and Will Scarlett (Scott Grimes) and soldier Little John (Kevin Durand)—find", "title": "Robin Hood (2010 film)" }, { "id": "19440508", "text": "Kingsman: The Golden Circle Kingsman: The Golden Circle is a 2017 action spy comedy film produced and directed by Matthew Vaughn and written by Vaughn and Jane Goldman. It is a sequel to \"\" (2014) which is based on the comic book series \"Kingsman\", created by Dave Gibbons and Mark Millar. The film features Colin Firth, Taron Egerton, Mark Strong, Edward Holcroft, Hanna Alström and Sophie Cookson reprising their roles from the first film with Julianne Moore, Halle Berry, Pedro Pascal, Elton John, Channing Tatum and Jeff Bridges joining the cast. The plot follows the members of Kingsman needing to", "title": "Kingsman: The Golden Circle" }, { "id": "12106954", "text": "Clive Standen Clive James Standen (born 22 July 1981) is a British actor best known for playing Bryan Mills in the NBC series \"Taken\", based on the movie of the same name, as well as Rollo in the History Channel series \"Vikings\", Sir Gawain in the Starz series \"Camelot\", Archer in the BBC TV series \"Robin Hood\", and Private Carl Harris in the British sci-fi show \"Doctor Who.\" Clive James Standen was born on a British Army base in Holywood, County Down, Northern Ireland, and grew up in Leicestershire, East Midlands, England. He went to school at the King Edward", "title": "Clive Standen" } ]

[ "Congress" ]

[ { "id": "610927", "text": "Congress the power to establish post offices and post roads, which has been interpreted as a de facto Congressional monopoly over the delivery of first-class residential mail—which has been defined as non-urgent residential letters (not packages). Accordingly, no other system for delivering first-class residential mail—public or private—has been tolerated, absent Congress's consent. The mission of the Postal Service is to provide the American public with trusted universal postal service. While not explicitly defined, the Postal Service's universal service obligation (USO) is broadly outlined in statute and includes multiple dimensions: geographic scope, range of products, access to services and facilities, delivery", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "610875", "text": "United States Postal Service The United States Postal Service (USPS; also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service) is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, including its insular areas and associated states. It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution. The U.S. Mail traces its roots to 1775 during the Second Continental Congress, when Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first postmaster general. The Post Office Department was created in 1792 from Franklin's operation, elevated to a cabinet-level department", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "7719128", "text": "Postal Regulatory Commission The United States Postal Regulatory Commission (or PRC), formerly called the Postal Rate Commission, is an independent regulatory agency created by the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970. Like the Postal Service, it was defined in law as an independent establishment of the executive branch. The Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 created the PRC—originally named the Postal Rate Commission—to set the rates for different classes of mail by holding hearings on rates proposed by the USPS. From 1970 through 2006, the PRC also had oversight authority over the USPS in areas besides rates changes. Specifically, that additional oversight", "title": "Postal Regulatory Commission" }, { "id": "610923", "text": "Operating Officer, to the eleventh and last remaining open seat. The independent Postal Regulatory Commission (formerly the Postal Rate Commission) is also controlled by appointees of the President confirmed by the Senate. It oversees postal rates and related concerns, having the authority to approve or reject USPS proposals. The USPS is often mistaken for a government-owned corporation (e.g., Amtrak) because it operates much like a business. It is, however, an \"establishment of the executive branch of the Government of the United States\", () as it is controlled by Presidential appointees and the Postmaster General. As a government agency, it has", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "610879", "text": "operated in Boston as early as 1639, with a Boston to New York City service starting in 1672. A central postal organization came to the colonies in 1691, when Thomas Neale received a 21-year grant from the British Crown for a North American Postal Service. On February 17, 1691, a grant of \"letters patent\" from the joint sovereigns, William III and Mary II, empowered him: to erect, settle, and establish within the chief parts of their majesties' colonies and plantations in America, an office or offices for receiving and dispatching letters and pacquets, and to receive, send, and deliver the", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "11425710", "text": "to political materials. The First Amendment thus provided a check on the Postal Power. Postal Clause Article I, Section 8, Clause 7 of the United States Constitution, known as the Postal Clause or the Postal Power, empowers Congress \"To establish Post Offices and post Roads\". The Postal Clause was added to the Constitution to facilitate interstate communication as well as to create a source of revenue for the early United States. There were some early disagreements as to the boundaries of the Postal Power. John Jay, in a letter to George Washington, opined that the postal service should not be", "title": "Postal Clause" }, { "id": "11425706", "text": "Postal Clause Article I, Section 8, Clause 7 of the United States Constitution, known as the Postal Clause or the Postal Power, empowers Congress \"To establish Post Offices and post Roads\". The Postal Clause was added to the Constitution to facilitate interstate communication as well as to create a source of revenue for the early United States. There were some early disagreements as to the boundaries of the Postal Power. John Jay, in a letter to George Washington, opined that the postal service should not be burdened with the responsibility for handling newspaper delivery, and also suggested that the Post", "title": "Postal Clause" }, { "id": "12237194", "text": "Postal Services Act 2000 The Postal Services Act 2000 (c.26) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, relating to the postal industry. It established an industry regulator, Postcomm (s.1), a consumer watchdog, Postwatch (s.2), required a \"universal service\" of post to be provided (ss.3-4) and set up rules for licensing postal services operators (ss.6-41). It also converted the public branch of the postal industry, the Post Office, from a statutory corporation to a public limited company, wholly owned by the government. Second Reading of the Bill, and debate, introduced by Secretary of State for Trade and Industry,", "title": "Postal Services Act 2000" }, { "id": "11319971", "text": "of the U.S. Constitution changed this, as Article I, Section Eight, known as the Postal Clause, specifically authorizes Congress the enumerated power \"to establish post offices and post roads.\" This was generally interpreted liberally, to include all public highways. U.S. Supreme Court justice Joseph Story defended the broad interpretation that had become dominant in his influential \"Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States\" (1833). Notable American post roads built for the purpose include: Post road A post road is a road designated for the transportation of postal mail. In past centuries, only major towns had a post house and", "title": "Post road" }, { "id": "610991", "text": "conduct. Unions of the U.S. Postal Service History International associations Mail bag types Workplace violence United States Postal Service The United States Postal Service (USPS; also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service) is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, including its insular areas and associated states. It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution. The U.S. Mail traces its roots to 1775 during the Second Continental Congress, when Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first postmaster general. The", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "3221102", "text": "are granted to it (e.g., the power to \"establish Post Offices and Post Roads\" includes the power to punish those who interfere with the postal system so established). The Court has recognized the federal government's supreme power over those limited matters entrusted to it. Thus, no state may interfere with the federal government's operations as though its sovereignty is superior to the federal government's (discussed more below); for example, states may not interfere with the federal government's near absolute discretion to sell its own real property, even when that real property is located in one or another state. The federal", "title": "Preamble to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "7286547", "text": "contractor. The authority to purchase is not one of the explicitly enumerated powers given to the Federal Government by Section 8 of Article One of the United States Constitution, but courts found that power implicit in the Constitutional power to make laws that are necessary and proper for executing its specifically granted powers, such as the powers to establish post offices, post roads, banks, an army, a navy, or militias. Behind any Federal Government acquisition is legislation that permits it and provided money for it. These are normally covered in authorization and appropriation legislation. Generally, this legislation does not affect", "title": "Government procurement in the United States" }, { "id": "11425707", "text": "Office be placed under the supervision of the executive branch (a suggestion which later led to the creation of the Post Office Department). Thomas Jefferson feared that the postal service would become a source of patronage and a waste of money. Jefferson also expressed doubt at granting Congress the power to designate post roads, as he considered road building to be a state responsibility. The Clause has been construed to give Congress the enumerated power to designate mail routes and construct or designate post offices, with the implied authority to carry, deliver, and regulate the mails of the United States", "title": "Postal Clause" }, { "id": "616276", "text": "Mail The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems. Since the mid-19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as government monopolies, with a fee on the article prepaid. Proof of payment is often in the form of adhesive postage stamps, but postage meters are also used for bulk mailing. Modern private postal systems are typically distinguished from national postal agencies by the names \"courier\" or \"delivery service\". Postal authorities often have functions other than transporting letters.", "title": "Mail" }, { "id": "14924917", "text": "about the extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history. Congress also has the power to establish post offices and post roads, issue patents and copyrights, fix standards of weights and measures, establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court, and \"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.\" Article Four gives Congress the power to admit new states into the Union.", "title": "Powers of the United States Congress" }, { "id": "610926", "text": "2018, the President proposed a sweeping government reorganization that would sharpen the focus on workforce training, consolidate government-assistance programs and shrink federal agencies. As part of this proposal, he recommended restructuring the postal service with an eye toward privatization. According to his proposal, privatization would cut costs and give the financially burdened agency greater flexibility in adjusting to the digital age. Article 8, Section 1, Clause 7 of the United States Constitution provides for the establishment of a postal service but does not specify how it is funded. Article I, section 8, Clause 7 of the United States Constitution grants", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "6556210", "text": "guard; regulate interstate and foreign commerce; establish post offices and post roads; advise and consent on treaties and presidential nominations (Senate); and impeach (House) and try (Senate) the President, Vice President, and civil officers for treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Reinforcing these powers is Congress’s broad authority “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof”. The authority to oversee derives from these constitutional powers. Congress could", "title": "Congressional oversight" }, { "id": "6480060", "text": "Section 51(v) of the Constitution of Australia Section 51(v) of the Constitution of Australia (commonly referred as the post and telegraph power) is a subsection of Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia that gives the Australian Parliament power to legislate on \"postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and other like services\". In 1901, one of the first Acts of the federal parliament was the Post and Telegraph Act 1901, relying on Section 51(v). The Act created the Postmaster-General's Department (PMG) which took over the colonial mail systems. The PMG was responsible for telegraph and domestic telephone operations as well as postal mail.", "title": "Section 51(v) of the Constitution of Australia" }, { "id": "1874255", "text": "Postal Reorganization Act The Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 was a law passed by the United States Congress that abolished the then United States Post Office Department, which was a part of the cabinet, and created the United States Postal Service, a corporation-like independent agency with an official monopoly on the delivery of mail in the United States. President Richard Nixon signed the Act in law on August 12, 1970. The legislation was a direct outcome of the U.S. postal strike of 1970. The first paragraph of the Act reads: The Postal Reorganization Act (at 39 USC 410(c)(2)) exempts the", "title": "Postal Reorganization Act" }, { "id": "16804594", "text": "\"authority for the conduct of postal and telegraphic business\". The corporation was to consist of a chairman and between six and twelve full or part-time members. The chairman was to be appointed by the minister and the other members by the minister following consultation with the chairman. The first Chairman of the Post Office was Viscount Hall of Cynon Valley. The main powers given to the new body were: Post Office Act 1969 The Post Office Act 1969 (c.48) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that changed the General Post Office from a department of state", "title": "Post Office Act 1969" }, { "id": "11425708", "text": "as a whole. An early controversy was whether Congress had the power to actually build post roads and post offices, or merely designate which lands and roads were to be used for this purpose, and to what extent that power could be delegated to the Postmaster General. The U.S. Supreme Court construed the power narrowly during the early part of the 19th century, holding that the power consisted mostly of designation of roads and sites, but gradually gave way later on, allowing appropriation of land for postal purposes. The Postal Power also includes the power to designate certain materials as", "title": "Postal Clause" }, { "id": "563504", "text": "held much influence within the party. In 1971, the Post Office Department was re-organized into the United States Postal Service, an independent agency of the executive branch. Therefore, the Postmaster General is no longer a member of the Cabinet and is no longer in the line of presidential succession. The postmaster general is now appointed by nine \"governors,\" appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The governors, along with the postmaster general and the deputy postmaster general, constitute the full Postal Service Board of Governors. The Postmaster General is the second-highest paid U.S. government official,", "title": "United States Postmaster General" }, { "id": "7719138", "text": "unique in the federal government, although state-level public utility commissions have similar arrangements. Since 2007, the Commission has used the method of appointing a staff member, on a case-by-case basis, to represent the public interest before the Commission for the duration of that particular case. This appointee is called the Public Representative. The Public Representative can obtain legal or technical support if necessary to fulfill that responsibility, but no one working in the Public Representative role can participate in the Commission's decision-making process. Postal Regulatory Commission The United States Postal Regulatory Commission (or PRC), formerly called the Postal Rate Commission,", "title": "Postal Regulatory Commission" }, { "id": "7719130", "text": "for a modern system of rate regulation, consult with the Postal Service on delivery service standards and performance measures, consult with the Department of State on international postal policies, prevent cross-subsidization or other anti-competitive postal practices, promote transparency and accountability, and adjudicate complaints. The law also assigns new and continuing oversight responsibilities to the Postal Regulatory Commission, including annual determinations of USPS compliance with applicable laws, development of accounting practices and procedures for the Postal Service, review of the Universal Service requirement, and assurance of transparency through periodic reports. New enforcement tools given to the PRC include subpoena power, authority", "title": "Postal Regulatory Commission" }, { "id": "610922", "text": "private-sector workers. The Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service sets policy, procedure, and postal rates for services rendered, and has a similar role to a corporate board of directors. Of the eleven members of the Board, nine are appointed by the President and confirmed by the United States Senate (see ). The nine appointed members then select the United States Postmaster General, who serves as the board's tenth member, and who oversees the day-to-day activities of the service as Chief Executive Officer (see ). The ten-member board then nominates a Deputy Postmaster General, who acts as Chief", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "12237126", "text": "Postal Services Commission The Postal Services Commission, known as Postcomm, was a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom charged with overseeing the quality and universal service of post in the United Kingdom. It was established in 2000 under the Postal Services Act 2000. Postcomm was merged into the communications regulator Ofcom on 1 October 2011. Most of Postcomm's role involved regulating Royal Mail (for letter delivery and to guarantee a universal postal service) and its two subsidiaries, Post Office Ltd and Parcelforce. Postcomm was also charged with the licensing of the UK's postal operators. It was set", "title": "Postal Services Commission" }, { "id": "1929396", "text": "Private Express Statutes The Private Express Statutes (PES) are a group of United States federal civil and criminal laws placing various restrictions on the carriage and delivery of letters by all organizations other than the United States Postal Service. The United States Congress originally passed the PES in 1792, under powers granted it in the United States Constitution to \"establish Post Offices and Post Roads.\" The PES granted the government the power for the carriage and delivery of letter mail. Today the USPS is empowered to suspend the PES, if it believes such a private postal service would be in", "title": "Private Express Statutes" }, { "id": "7719129", "text": "consisted of conducting public, on-the-record hearings concerning proposed mail classification or major service changes and of recommending actions to be taken by the postal Governors. The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-435) enacted on December 20, 2006, made several changes to the Postal Regulatory Commission. Besides giving the body its current name, the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act significantly strengthened the Commission's authority to serve as a counterbalance to new flexibility granted to the Postal Service in setting postal rates. The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act requires the Postal Regulatory Commission to develop and maintain regulations", "title": "Postal Regulatory Commission" }, { "id": "16804593", "text": "Post Office Act 1969 The Post Office Act 1969 (c.48) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that changed the General Post Office from a department of state to a public corporation, known as the Post Office. It also abolished the office of Postmaster General of the United Kingdom. The powers of the Postmaster General were transferred to a new cabinet member, the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications. The incumbent Postmaster, John Stonehouse, became the first Minister of Post and Telecommunications on 1 October 1969. The act created a new public corporation, the Post Office, as the", "title": "Post Office Act 1969" }, { "id": "1602832", "text": "name special, or select, committees to study specific problems. Today, much of the congressional workload is borne by the subcommittees, of which there are around 150. The Constitution grants numerous powers to Congress. Enumerated in Article I, Section 8, these include the powers to levy and collect taxes; to coin money and regulate its value; provide for punishment for counterfeiting; establish post offices and roads, issue patents, create federal courts inferior to the Supreme Court, combat piracies and felonies, declare war, raise and support armies, provide and maintain a navy, make rules for the regulation of land and naval forces,", "title": "Federal government of the United States" }, { "id": "2259365", "text": "George W. Bush signed the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act, which changed the terms of subsequently appointed Governors from nine to seven years. The Board directs the exercise of the powers of the Postal Service, directs and controls its expenditures, reviews its practices, conducts long-range planning and sets policies on all postal matters. The Board takes up matters such as service standards, capital investments and facilities projects exceeding $25 million. It also approves officer compensation. The Board generally meets once a month. Each January, the Governors elect a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman. Each Governor receives $300 per day for not", "title": "Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "610883", "text": "and William Goddard were the colonial postmasters who managed the mails then and were the general architects of a postal system that started out as an alternative to the Crown Post. The official post office was created in 1792 as the Post Office Department (USPOD). It was based on the Constitutional authority empowering Congress \"To establish post offices and post roads\". The 1792 law provided for a greatly expanded postal network, and served editors by charging newspapers an extremely low rate. The law guaranteed the sanctity of personal correspondence, and provided the entire country with low-cost access to information on", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "7719133", "text": "the Senate, similar to many other high-level Executive Branch office holders. As with Postal Governors, PRC commissioners are permitted to serve for one additional \"holdover\" year beyond the end of their term if a replacement has not been nominated and confirmed. The President designates one Commissioner as Chairman of the Commission. The Commissioners together designate one of their number as a Vice-Chairman for a one-year term. No more than three of the Commissioners can be from any one political party. The current members are: Commissioners Langley and Hammond were confirmed by the Senate in December 2014, and Taub and Acton", "title": "Postal Regulatory Commission" }, { "id": "610882", "text": "new laws, political intelligence, and military orders circulated with a new urgency, and a postal system was necessary. Journalists took the lead, securing post office legislation that allowed them to reach their subscribers at very low cost, and to exchange news from newspapers between the thirteen states. Overthrowing the London-oriented imperial postal service in 1774–1775, printers enlisted merchants and the new political leadership, and created a new postal system. The \"United States Post Office\" (USPO) was created on July 26, 1775, by decree of the Second Continental Congress. Benjamin Franklin headed it briefly. Before the Revolution, individuals like Benjamin Franklin", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "2259363", "text": "Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service The Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service is an eleven-seat board comparable to a board of directors of a private corporation, except in service of the American postal system. Nine members are appointed by the President of the United States, subject to confirmation by the Senate (and usually first deliberated in the Senate's Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs). The nine presidentially appointed Governors choose the Postmaster General, who also serves as a member of the Board. These ten then choose a Deputy Postmaster General, who becomes", "title": "Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "12237128", "text": "prices. Royal Mail staff are to be offered the remaining 10% shares with the Government to take on the group's pension liabilities. The changes were enabled by the Postal Services Act 2011. As part of the plans, the roles fulfilled by Postcomm were absorbed into the communications regulator Ofcom from 1 October 2011. The authority for Postcomm was found in the Postal Services Act 2000, s.1 and Sch.1. Postal Services Commission The Postal Services Commission, known as Postcomm, was a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom charged with overseeing the quality and universal service of post in", "title": "Postal Services Commission" }, { "id": "610880", "text": "same under such rates and sums of money as the planters shall agree to give, and to hold and enjoy the same for the term of twenty-one years. The patent included the exclusive right to establish and collect a formal postal tax on official documents of all kinds. The tax was repealed a year later. Neale appointed Andrew Hamilton, Governor of New Jersey, as his deputy postmaster. The first postal service in America commenced in February 1692. Rates of postage were fixed and authorized, and measures were taken to establish a post office in each town in Virginia. Massachusetts and", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "1874256", "text": "USPS from Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) disclosure of \"information of a commercial nature, including trade secrets, whether or not obtained from a person outside the Postal Service, which under good business practice would not be publicly disclosed\". Postal Reorganization Act The Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 was a law passed by the United States Congress that abolished the then United States Post Office Department, which was a part of the cabinet, and created the United States Postal Service, a corporation-like independent agency with an official monopoly on the delivery of mail in the United States. President Richard Nixon signed", "title": "Postal Reorganization Act" }, { "id": "610943", "text": "from crime and protect the nation's mail system from criminal misuse. Postal Inspectors enforce over 200 federal laws providing for the protection of mail in investigations of crimes that may adversely affect or fraudulently use the U.S. Mail, the postal system or postal employees. The USPIS has the power to enforce the USPS monopoly by conducting search and seizure raids on entities they suspect of sending non-urgent mail through overnight delivery competitors. According to the American Enterprise Institute, a private conservative think tank, the USPIS raided Equifax offices in 1993 to ascertain if the mail they were sending through Federal", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "7719137", "text": "budgeting and accounting, strategic planning, contracting, human resources and personnel, and serves as a point of contact for audits. It also manages facilities and infrastructure, and provides support services. The \"Office of Inspector General\" is a watchdog office that seeks out fraud, waste and abuse in the PRC programs and operations, and conducts audits of programs to identify areas of potential improvement. The Office of Inspector General also investigates allegations and complaints. The law (39 U.S.C. 505) requires that the Commission designate an individual to represent the interest of the general public in every public proceeding. This obligation is likely", "title": "Postal Regulatory Commission" }, { "id": "6480061", "text": "In 1975 the Postmaster-General's Department was separated into the Australian Telecommunications Commission (now Telstra) which was responsible for telephone services, and the Australian Postal Commission (now Australia Post) which was responsible for postal services. The power also supports the issue of Australian postal stamps. The power has supported Australia’s regulatory environment for telecommunications in Australia, such as the telecommunications part of the Trade Practices Act. (See Communications in Australia.) The most problematic part of this power has been the words “other like services”. The High Court has taken a flexible approach to interpreting this provision that has recognised that technology", "title": "Section 51(v) of the Constitution of Australia" }, { "id": "6600713", "text": "Postal Service Act The Postal Service Act was a piece of United States federal legislation that established the United States Post Office Department. It was signed into law by President George Washington on February 20, 1792. William Goddard, a Patriot printer frustrated that the royal postal service was unable to reliably deliver his \"Pennsylvania Chronicle\" to its readers or deliver critical news for the paper to Goddard, laid out a plan for the \"Constitutional Post\" before the Continental Congress on October 5, 1774. Congress waited to act on the plan until after the Battle of Lexington and Concord on April", "title": "Postal Service Act" }, { "id": "14924920", "text": "States; 2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States; 3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Native American tribes; 4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States; 5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures; 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States; 7. To establish post offices and post roads; 8. To promote the progress", "title": "Powers of the United States Congress" }, { "id": "6600717", "text": "cost between 6 and 25 cents depending on distance. This subsidy amounted to roughly 0.2 percent of US Gross Domestic Product (GDP), according to McChesney and Nichols. The postmaster general's position was considered a plum patronage post for political allies of the president until the Postal Service was transformed into a corporation run by a board of governors in 1971 following passage of the Postal Reorganization Act. JD Thomas said the Postal Service Act was shaped in part by the desire to avoid censorship employed by the Crown to try to suppress their political opponents in colonial times. He also", "title": "Postal Service Act" }, { "id": "610924", "text": "many special privileges, including sovereign immunity, eminent domain powers, powers to negotiate postal treaties with foreign nations, and an exclusive legal right to deliver first-class and third-class mail. Indeed, in 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a unanimous decision that the USPS was not a government-owned corporation, and therefore could not be sued under the Sherman Antitrust Act. The U.S. Supreme Court has also upheld the USPS's statutory monopoly on access to letter boxes against a First Amendment freedom of speech challenge; it thus remains illegal in the U.S. for \"anyone\", other than the employees and agents of the", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "5072038", "text": "figure excludes headquarters staff.) In 2008, the U.S. Postal Inspection Service had 2,288 full-time personnel with the authority to make arrests and carry firearms on duty. This represented a 23.1% drop over the previous five years. The Postal Inspection Service has the oldest origins of any federal law enforcement agency in the United States. It traces its roots back to 1772 when colonial Postmaster General Benjamin Franklin first appointed a \"surveyor\" to regulate and audit the mails. Thus, the Service's origins—in part—predate the Declaration of Independence, and therefore the United States itself. As Franklin was appointed Postmaster General under the", "title": "United States Postal Inspection Service" }, { "id": "610928", "text": "frequency, affordable and uniform pricing, service quality, and security of the mail. While other carriers may claim to voluntarily provide delivery on a broad basis, the Postal Service is the only carrier with a \"legal obligation\" to provide all the various aspects of universal service. Proponents of universal service principles claim that since any obligation must be matched by the financial capability to meet that obligation, the postal monopoly was put in place as a funding mechanism for the USO, and it has been in place for over a hundred years. It consists of two parts: the Private Express Statutes", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "14797660", "text": "law passed on September 22, 1789, (1 Stat. 70) which created the federal Post Office under the new government of the United States and authorized the appointment of a Postmaster General who was subject to the direction of the President Four days later President Washington appointed the post of Postmaster General to Samuel Osgood who became the first Postmaster General under the new United States Constitution. Along with the efforts of Benjamin Franklin who pioneered the colonial mail system, Goddard and the Constitutional Post influenced Franklin greatly and helped him in the endeavor of producing a system of mail delivery", "title": "William Goddard (U.S. patriot/publisher)" }, { "id": "336091", "text": "Post office A post office is a customer service facility forming part of a national postal system. Post offices offer mail-related services such as acceptance of letters and parcels; provision of post office boxes; and sale of postage stamps, packaging, and stationery. In addition, many post offices offer additional services: providing and accepting government forms (such as passport applications), processing government services and fees (such as road tax), and banking services (such as savings accounts and money orders). The chief administrator of a post office is called a postmaster. Prior to the advent of postal and ZIP codes, postal systems", "title": "Post office" }, { "id": "3958820", "text": "India Post The Department of Posts (DoP), trading as India Post, is a government-operated postal system in India under the Department of Posts, which is part of the Ministry of Communications of the Government of India. Generally called \"the post office\" in India, it is the most widely distributed postal system in the world. It is involved in delivering mails, remitting money by money orders, accepting deposits under Small Savings Schemes, providing life insurance cover under Postal Life Insurance (PLI) and Rural Postal Life Insurance (RPLI) and providing retail services like bill collection, sale of forms, etc. The DoP also", "title": "India Post" }, { "id": "4906749", "text": "ruled in favor of the U.S. government. Joined by Chief Justice Melville Fuller and Associate Justices Stephen Johnson Field, John Marshall Harlan, Horace Gray, Henry Billings Brown, George Shiras, Jr., Howell Edmunds Jackson and Edward Douglass White, the court ruled that the government had a right to regulate interstate commerce and ensure the operations of the Postal Service, along with a responsibility to \"ensure the general welfare of the public.\" The constitution is interpreted by the government and the people. However, the limits of inherent powers were articulated in \"Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer\", 343 U.S. 579 (1952)[1].", "title": "Inherent powers (United States)" }, { "id": "610944", "text": "Express was truly \"extremely urgent.\" It was found that the mail was not, and Equifax was fined $30,000. Lastly, the PIS oversees the activities of the Postal Police Force who patrol in and around selected high-risk postal facilities in major metropolitan areas in the United States and its territories. The United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General (OIG) was authorized by law in 1996. Prior to the 1996 legislation, the Postal Inspection Service performed the duties of the OIG. The Inspector General, who is independent of postal management, is appointed by and reports directly to the nine presidentially appointed,", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "8687870", "text": "United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General The United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General (OIG) of the United States Postal Service was created by federal statute in 1996, assuming internal oversight duties over the United States Postal Service (previously carried out by the United States Postal Inspection Service, in addition to their federal law enforcement duties). The Inspector General of the United States Postal Service, who is independent of postal management, is appointed by and reports to the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service. The current Acting Inspector General is Tammy L. Whitcomb. As", "title": "United States Postal Service Office of Inspector General" }, { "id": "610876", "text": "in 1872, and transformed in 1971 into the U.S. Postal Service as an independent agency. The USPS as of 2017 has 644,124 active employeees and operated 211,264 vehicles in 2014. The USPS is the operator of the largest civilian vehicle fleet in the world. The USPS is legally obligated to serve all Americans, regardless of geography, at uniform price and quality. The USPS has exclusive access to letter boxes marked \"U.S. Mail\" and personal letterboxes in the United States, but now has to compete against private package delivery services, such as United Parcel Service and FedEx. Since the early 1980s,", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "7719132", "text": "methodology, such payments would be projected to fund the liability over a period in excess of 50 years, from 2007 through 2056 and beyond (with rolling 15-year amortization periods after 2041). This pre-funding method is unique to the USPS. In June 2011, the United States Postal Service had to suspend its weekly payment of $115 million into the fund because it had reached $8 billion in debt and the retirement plan had a surplus of $6.9 billion. The PRC is composed of five Commissioners—each of whom is appointed to a six-year term of office by the President and confirmed by", "title": "Postal Regulatory Commission" }, { "id": "5072039", "text": "Second Continental Congress, his system continued. One of Franklin's first acts as Postmaster General was to appoint William Goddard as the first Postal Surveyor of the newly founded American postal system, in charge of inspecting the integrity and security of postal routes, regulating post offices, and auditing their accounts. A letter from Franklin to Goddard, dated August 7, 1775, authorized a total of $170.00 for Goddard to carry out these duties, and so August 7 is recognized as the \"birthday\" of the U.S. Postal Inspection Service. In 1801, the title of \"surveyor\" was changed to \"Special Agent\". In 1830, the", "title": "United States Postal Inspection Service" }, { "id": "777878", "text": "infrastructure and subsidisation of regional access, generally with bipartisan support. Government-operated post office and telegraph networks - the largest parts of the bureaucracy - were combined into a single department in each colony on the model of the UK Post Office: South Australia in 1869, Victoria in 1870, Queensland in 1880 and New South Wales in 1893. At Federation, the colonial networks (staff, switches, wires, handsets, buildings etc.) were transferred to the Commonwealth Postmaster-General's Department responsible for domestic postal, telephone and, telegraph services becoming the responsibility of the first Postmaster-General (PMG), a federal. With 16,000 staff (and assets of over", "title": "Telecommunications in Australia" }, { "id": "9301329", "text": "the larger colonies, such as Massachusetts and Virginia, but the available services remained limited in scope and disjointed for many years. Central postal organization first came to the colonies in 1691 when Thomas Neale received a 21-year grant from the British Crown for a North American Postal Service. On 17 February 1691, a grant of \"letters patent\" from the joint sovereigns, William III and Mary II, empowered Thomas Neale, \"to erect, settle, and establish within the chief parts of their majesties' colonies and plantations in America, an office or offices for receiving and dispatching letters and pacquets, and to receive,", "title": "Thomas Neale" }, { "id": "616277", "text": "In some countries, a postal, telegraph and telephone (PTT) service oversees the postal system, in addition to telephone and telegraph systems. Some countries' postal systems allow for savings accounts and handle applications for passports. The Universal Postal Union (UPU), established in 1874, includes 192 member countries and sets the rules for international mail exchanges. The word \"mail\" comes from the Medieval English word \"male\", referring to a travelling bag or pack. It was spelled that way until the 17th century, and is distinct from the word male. The French have a similar word, \"malle\" for a trunk or large box,", "title": "Mail" }, { "id": "620803", "text": "to sit as a member of the Cabinet in 1829. The Post Office Act of 1872 () elevated the Post Office Department to Cabinet status. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), postal services in the Confederate States of America were provided by the Confederate States of America Post-office Department, headed by Postmaster General John Henninger Reagan. The Postal Reorganization Act was signed by President Richard Nixon on August 12, 1970. It replaced the cabinet-level Post Office Department with the independent United States Postal Service on July 1, 1971. The regulatory role of the postal services was then transferred to the", "title": "United States Post Office Department" }, { "id": "616326", "text": "point. It is a type of mail growing in popularity with some Post Office operations and individual businesses venturing into this market. In some countries, these services are available to print and deliver emails to those who are unable to receive email, such as the elderly or infirm. Services provided by Hybrid mail providers are closely related to that of mail forwarding service providers. Components of a postal system: Mail The mail or post is a system for physically transporting postcards, letters, and parcels. A postal service can be private or public, though many governments place restrictions on private systems.", "title": "Mail" }, { "id": "308504", "text": "is based on deliveries and revenue of the post office. Levels are from EAS (Executive and Administrative Service) 18 through 26. Smaller remotely managed post offices no longer have postmasters and report to a nearby larger office. Larger metropolitan post offices are PCES (Postal Career Executive Service). Postmaster A postmaster is the head of an individual post office. When a postmaster is responsible for an entire mail distribution organization (usually sponsored by a national government), the title of Postmaster General is commonly used. Responsibilities of a postmaster typically include management of a centralized mail distribution facility, establishment of letter carrier", "title": "Postmaster" }, { "id": "434157", "text": "described the American response as a \"police action\". According to \"Time\" magazine in 1970, \"U.S. presidents [had] ordered troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149 times.\" In 1993, Michael Kinsley wrote that \"Congress's war power has become the most flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution,\" and that the \"real erosion [of Congress's war power] began after World War II.\" Disagreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history.\" Congress can establish post offices and post roads, issue patents and copyrights, fix standards of", "title": "United States Congress" }, { "id": "308502", "text": "Postmaster A postmaster is the head of an individual post office. When a postmaster is responsible for an entire mail distribution organization (usually sponsored by a national government), the title of Postmaster General is commonly used. Responsibilities of a postmaster typically include management of a centralized mail distribution facility, establishment of letter carrier routes, supervision of letter carriers and clerks, and enforcement of the organization's rules and procedures. In Canada, many early places are named after the first postmaster. In the days of horse-drawn carriages, a postmaster was an individual from whom horses and/or riders (known as postilions or \"post-boys\")", "title": "Postmaster" }, { "id": "19712622", "text": "Post Office Act 1908 The Post Office Act 1908 (c.48) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom This was an extensive act covering many aspect of the mail system and some of the main provisions were: reaffirmation of the General Post Office monopoly for the carrying of mail and it gave the power to fix the postage rates to The Treasury with a minimum rate of at least one penny for an inland letter, a half-penny for a postcard, a book packet should not cost more than one halfpenny for every two ounces in weight in addition", "title": "Post Office Act 1908" }, { "id": "1947470", "text": "the Indian Post Office was established in 1837, Asia's first adhesive stamp, the Scinde Dawk, was introduced in 1852 by Sir Bartle Frere, the British East India Company's administrator of the province of Sind. The Indian postal system developed into an extensive, dependable and robust network providing connectivity to almost all parts of India, Burma, the Straits Settlements and other areas controlled by the British East India Company (EIC). Based on the model postal system introduced in England by the reformer, Rowland Hill, efficient postal services were provided at a low cost and enabled the smooth commercial, military and administrative", "title": "Postage stamps and postal history of India" }, { "id": "2230545", "text": "a monopoly on the postal service, which was effectively enforced by Protector Oliver Cromwell's government, and thanks to the improvements necessitated by the war Manley ran a much improved Post Office service. In July 1655 the Post Office was put under the direct government control of John Thurloe, a Secretary of State, and best known to history as Cromwell's spymaster general. Previous English governments had tried to prevent conspirators communicating, Thurloe preferred to deliver their post having surreptitiously read it. As the Protectorate claimed to govern all of Great Britain and Ireland under one unified government, on 9 June 1657", "title": "Royal Mail" }, { "id": "6587179", "text": "section 75, to provide false information when making an application, or to make false entries in records. Companies operating in the UK outside London are required either to be licensed by HMRC or supervised by an authorised body, such as the Financial Conduct Authority. They also must keep records under the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations. United States Postal Service (USPS) is an independent federal agency that provides postal services, such as mail forwarding, to the public. When using a private forwarder to forward mail, USPS form 1583 is required. Private mail forwarding services are also offered by private forwarding companies, who", "title": "Mail forwarding" }, { "id": "2230552", "text": "UK and Egypt. The service was later extended to: Canada (1941), East Africa (1941), Burma (1942), India (1942), South Africa (1942), Australia (1943), New Zealand (1943) Ceylon (1944) and Italy (1944). Under the Post Office Act 1969 the General Post Office was changed from a government department to a statutory corporation, known simply as the Post Office. The office of Postmaster General was abolished and replaced with the positions of chairman and chief executive in the new company. The two-class postal system was introduced in 1968, using first-class and second-class services. The Post Office opened the National Giro Bank that", "title": "Royal Mail" }, { "id": "13928089", "text": "the Granadine Confederation, where they were called \"federal states\". In the United States of Colombia they were called \"sovereign states\". The Congress of the Grenadine Confederation passed a law on 3 June 1859 authorising the sovereign states to establish their own postal services. In 1863 the United States of Colombia, as it had now become, made up of eight sovereign states, confirmed and authorised the states’ power to operate their own postal services and issue postage stamps. These were only valid for postage within the state, although a few examples are known of stamps that were sent to other states", "title": "Postage stamps and postal history of Colombia" }, { "id": "616296", "text": "annum in 2006. Some countries have organized their mail services as public limited liability corporations without a legal monopoly. The worldwide postal system comprising the individual national postal systems of the world's self-governing states is co-ordinated by the Universal Postal Union, which among other things sets international postage rates, defines standards for postage stamps and operates the system of International Reply Coupons. In most countries a system of codes has been created (referred to as \"ZIP codes\" in the United States, \"postcodes\" in the United Kingdom and Australia, and \"postal codes\" in most other countries), in order to facilitate the", "title": "Mail" }, { "id": "1947469", "text": "Postage stamps and postal history of India This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of India. Indian postal systems for efficient military and governmental communications had developed long before the arrival of Europeans. When the Portuguese, Dutch, French, Danish and British displaced The Marathas who had already defeated the Mughals, their postal systems existed alongside those of many somewhat independent states. The British East India Company gradually displaced other powers and brought into existence a British administrative system over most of India, with a need to establish and maintain both official and commercial mail systems. Although", "title": "Postage stamps and postal history of India" }, { "id": "610904", "text": "strike ended without any concessions from the Federal government, it did ultimately allow for postal worker unions and the government to negotiate a contract which gave the unions most of what they wanted, as well as the signing of the Postal Reorganization Act by President Richard Nixon on August 12, 1970. The Act replaced the cabinet-level Post Office Department with a new federal agency, the United States Postal Service, and took effect on July 1, 1971. The United States Postal Service employs some 617,000 workers, making it the third-largest civilian employer in the United States behind the federal government and", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "563502", "text": "United States Postmaster General The Postmaster General of the United States is the chief executive officer of the United States Postal Service; Megan Brennan is the current Postmaster General. Appointed members of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service select the Postmaster General and Deputy Postmaster General, who then join the Board. The office, in one form or another, is older than both the United States Constitution and the United States Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Franklin was appointed by the Continental Congress as the first Postmaster General in 1775, serving just over 15 months. Until 1971, the", "title": "United States Postmaster General" }, { "id": "7719134", "text": "were confirmed for second terms in December 2016. The PRC is organized into five operating offices: Accountability and Compliance, General Counsel, Public Affairs and Government Relations, Secretary, and Inspector General. The \"Office of Accountability & Compliance\" (OAC) provides analytic support to the Commission for the review of various Postal Service proposed actions: rate changes, negotiated service agreements (NSAs), classification of products and services, the Annual Compliance Determination, the Annual Report to President and Congress, changes to postal services, post office closings and other issues before the Commission. Areas of expertise include economic and econometric analysis, analysis of operational characteristics of", "title": "Postal Regulatory Commission" }, { "id": "5749127", "text": "Ruth Y. Goldway Ruth Yannatta Goldway is a member of the Postal Regulatory Commission, and served as its chairman from 2009-2014. She was first appointed by President Bill Clinton in April 1998, and reappointed in 2002 and 2008 by President George W. Bush to serve until 2014. She was selected as chairman by President Barack Obama on August 6, 2009. Goldway is currently the longest serving Senate-confirmed presidential appointee in a full-time political position in the executive branch of the United States Government. She has written on postal matters for national newspapers and submitted congressional testimony. Goldway is widely credited", "title": "Ruth Y. Goldway" }, { "id": "343720", "text": "preferable to the price board bureaucracy. The controls produced food shortages, as meat disappeared from grocery stores and farmers drowned chickens rather than sell them at a loss. Despite the failure to control inflation, controls were slowly ended, and on April 30, 1974, their statutory authorization lapsed. Nixon advocated a \"New Federalism\", which would devolve power to state and local elected officials, though Congress was hostile to these ideas and enacted few of them. He eliminated the Cabinet-level United States Post Office Department, which in 1971 became the government-run United States Postal Service. Nixon was a late supporter of the", "title": "Richard Nixon" }, { "id": "6600715", "text": "publication of private letters of Massachusetts Royal Governor Thomas Hutchinson in Massachusetts; Franklin admitted to acquiring the letters (probably from a third party, and not in any sort of official capacity) and sending them to Massachusetts. While postmaster, Franklin streamlined postal delivery with properly surveyed and marked routes from Maine to Florida (the origins of Route 1), instituted overnight postal travel between the critical cities of New York and Philadelphia and created a standardized rate chart based upon weight and distance. Samuel Osgood held the postmaster general's position in New York City from 1789, when the U.S. Constitution came into", "title": "Postal Service Act" }, { "id": "1519790", "text": "a federal government department (The \"Act for the Regulation of the Postal Service\") headed by a Cabinet minister, the Postmaster General of Canada. The Act took effect April 1, 1868, providing uniform postal service throughout the newly established dominion. The Canadian post office was designed around the British service as created by Sir Rowland Hill, who introduced the concept of charging mail by weight and not destination along with creating the concept of the postage stamp. The new service traded under the name The Royal Mail Canada. Prior to rural mail delivery, many Canadians living outside major cities and towns", "title": "Canada Post" }, { "id": "610945", "text": "Senate–confirmed members of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service. The primary purpose of the OIG is to prevent, detect and report fraud, waste and program abuse, and promote efficiency in the operations of the Postal Service. The OIG has \"oversight\" responsibility for all activities of the Postal Inspection Service. All mailable articles (e.g., letters, flats, machinable parcels, irregular parcels, etc.) shipped within the United States must comply with an array of standards published in the USPS Domestic Mail Manual (DMM). Before addressing the mailpiece, one must first comply with the various mailability standards relating to attributes", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "610918", "text": "and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013, passed in March, reversed the cuts to Saturday delivery. The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006 (PAEA) obligates the USPS to fund the present value of earned retirement obligations (essentially past promises which have not yet come due) within a ten-year time span. In contrast, private businesses in the United States have no legal obligation to pay for retirement costs at promise-time rather than retirement-time, but about one quarter do. The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is the main bureaucratic organization responsible for the human resources aspect of many federal agencies and their", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "18159917", "text": "the Postal Regulatory Commission, (17) the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, (18) the Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board, (19) the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), (20) the Selective Service System, (21) the Small Business Administration (SBA), (22) the United States Postal Service (USPS), and (23) the United States Tax Court. The bill would specify certain uses and limits or prohibitions against the use of funds appropriated by this Act. The House accepted in a voice vote an amendment offered by Rep. Paul Gosar (R-AZ) to reduce funding for the Internal Revenue Service by $353 million. The Financial Services and", "title": "Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2015" }, { "id": "20051996", "text": "Postal Service Board of Contract Appeals The Postal Service Board of Contract Appeals (PSBCA) is a neutral, independent tribunal with the authority to hear and decide any appeal from a decision of a contracting officer of the United States Postal Service (USPS) or the Postal Regulatory Commission related to a contract with either agency. The PSBCA is within the USPS Judicial Officer Department, with the Judicial Officer also serving as the PSBCA Chairman. The PSBCA’s jurisdiction over contract disputes parallels that of the United States Court of Federal Claims with the contractor generally having the option of filing an appeal", "title": "Postal Service Board of Contract Appeals" }, { "id": "6600719", "text": "tidings came from loved ones, they did their best to suppress the silent tears that would often betray their sadness.\" Researchers have claimed that the widespread availability of newspapers contributed to a high literacy rate in the US. This in turn helped increase the rate of economic growth, thereby contributing to its dominant position in the international economy today. Postal Service Act The Postal Service Act was a piece of United States federal legislation that established the United States Post Office Department. It was signed into law by President George Washington on February 20, 1792. William Goddard, a Patriot printer", "title": "Postal Service Act" }, { "id": "6600716", "text": "effect, until the government moved to Philadelphia in 1791. Timothy Pickering took over and, about a year later, the Postal Service Act gave his post greater legislative legitimacy and more effective organization. Pickering continued in the position until 1795, when he briefly served as secretary of war, before becoming the third U.S. secretary of state. Because news was considered crucial to an informed electorate, the 1792 law distributed newspapers to subscribers for 1 penny up to 100 miles and 1.5 cents over 100 miles; printers could send their newspapers to other newspaper publishers for free. Postage for letters, by contrast,", "title": "Postal Service Act" }, { "id": "5072041", "text": "and prepare them for court. For example, on all international mail Postal Inspectors work closely with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) while on domestic mail Postal Inspectors work closely with state and local law enforcement agencies. There are approximately 1,200 Postal Inspectors stationed throughout the United States and abroad who enforce more than 200 federal laws covering investigations of crimes that adversely affect or fraudulently use the U.S. Mail and postal system. The USPIS has responsibility to safeguard over 600,000 Postal Service employees and billions of pieces of mail transported worldwide yearly", "title": "United States Postal Inspection Service" }, { "id": "19712625", "text": "whole and some in part: Post Office Act 1908 The Post Office Act 1908 (c.48) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom This was an extensive act covering many aspect of the mail system and some of the main provisions were: reaffirmation of the General Post Office monopoly for the carrying of mail and it gave the power to fix the postage rates to The Treasury with a minimum rate of at least one penny for an inland letter, a half-penny for a postcard, a book packet should not cost more than one halfpenny for every two", "title": "Post Office Act 1908" }, { "id": "9251481", "text": "via self service) results from well designed service systems. Service systems range from an individual person equipped with tools of the trade (e.g., architect, entrepreneur) to a portion of a government agency or business (e.g., branch office of a post office or bank) to complete multinational corporations and their information systems (e.g., Domino's Pizza, Federal Express). Hospitals, universities, cities, and national governments are designed service systems. The language, norms, attitudes, and beliefs of the people that make up a service system may evolve over time, as people adjust to new circumstances. In this sense, service systems are a type of", "title": "Service system" }, { "id": "308506", "text": "Postmaster General of the United Kingdom, by Henry VIII. In 1609 it was decreed that letters could only be carried and delivered by persons authorised by the Postmaster General. Other examples include: Postmaster General A Postmaster General, in many countries, is the chief executive officer of the postal service of that country, responsible for oversight over all other Postmasters. The practice of having a government official responsible for overseeing the delivery of mail throughout the nation originated in England, where a \"Master of the Posts\" is mentioned in the \"King's Book of Payments\", with a payment of £100 being authorised", "title": "Postmaster General" }, { "id": "5963539", "text": "oversight responsibility for postal services and telecommunications. After the dissolution of that ministry on 1 January 1998, those tasks were taken over by a new federal network regulatory agency (\"Bundesnetzagentur\", formerly \"RegTP\") under the federal ministry for economics and technology. Other functions (such as the issuance of postage stamps) were taken over by the federal ministry of finance. Some telecommunications functions (including BOS radio) were turned over to the federal ministry of the interior. For certain official and legal purposes (including certain financial, medical and other services for former postal civil servants), a \"federal institution for post and telecommunication\" (\"Bundesanstalt", "title": "Deutsche Bundespost" }, { "id": "20773986", "text": "Federation in 1901, the Commonwealth Government took over responsibility for Post, Telegraph and Telephone offices, with the Department of Home Affairs Works Division being made responsible for Post Office construction. In 1916 construction was transferred to the Department of Works and Railways, with the Department of the Interior responsible during World War II. On 22 December 1975 the Postmaster General's Department was abolished and replaced by the Postal and Telecommunications Department, with Telecom and Australia Post being created. In 1989, the Australian Postal Corporation Act established Australia Post as a self-funding entity, which heralded a new direction in property management,", "title": "Broken Hill Post Office" }, { "id": "428005", "text": "for medicinal purposes. The court held that, as with the agricultural production in the earlier case, home-grown cannabis is a legitimate subject of federal regulation because it competes with marijuana that moves in interstate commerce. Congress may establish uniform laws relating to naturalization and bankruptcy. It may also coin money, regulate the value of American or foreign currency and punish counterfeiters. Congress may fix the standards of weights and measures. Furthermore, Congress may establish post offices and post roads (the roads, however, need not be exclusively for the conveyance of mail). Congress may promote the progress of science and useful", "title": "Article One of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "46924", "text": "returned from England and was appointed chairman of a Committee of Investigation to establish a postal system. The report of the Committee, providing for the appointment of a postmaster general for the 13 American colonies, was considered by the Continental Congress on July 25 and 26. On July 26, 1775, Franklin was appointed Postmaster General, the first appointed under the Continental Congress. It established a postal system that became the United States Post Office, a system that continues to operate today. In December 1776, Franklin was dispatched to France as commissioner for the United States. He took with him as", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "610878", "text": "sources of revenue while cutting costs to reduce its budget deficit. In the early years of the North American colonies, many attempts were made to initiate a postal service. These early attempts were of small scale and usually involved a colony, Massachusetts Bay Colony for example, setting up a location in Boston where one could post a letter back home to England. Other attempts focused on a dedicated postal service between two of the larger colonies, such as Massachusetts and Virginia, but the available services remained limited in scope and disjointed for many years. For example, informal independently-run postal routes", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "id": "4056048", "text": "the name Post Office Department, and the Postmaster General was member of the Cabinet. The rate of postal pay was set by the Congress by federal law, meaning that the Postal Service and its employees were deeply affected by Congress. The NALC strongly supported the Postal Reorganization Act. NALC's expertise has traditionally been in lobbying than in traditional labor-management relations and collective bargaining. Like all federal agencies under the Taft–Hartley Act, the Postal Service is an \"open shop,\" and no one can be compelled to join the NALC or any other union as a condition of gaining or continuing employment", "title": "National Association of Letter Carriers" }, { "id": "1649606", "text": "(P&T) were divided between An Post and Telecom Éireann, the telecommunications operator now called Eir. At its inception, during the early years of the Irish Free State, the Department of Posts and Telegraphs was the country's largest department of state, and its employees (most of them postmen) constituted the largest sector of the civil service. Prior to this the Post Office in Ireland had been under the control of various Postmasters General, Irish and British, with the appointment of Evan Vaughan as postmaster in Dublin in 1638, generally accepted as the date for the establishment of a semi-formal postal system", "title": "An Post" }, { "id": "1947478", "text": "Bishop Marks' after Colonel Henry Bishop, the Postmaster General of the United Kingdom who introduced this practice in Britain. The Post Office Department of the East India Company was first established on 31 March 1774 at Calcutta, followed in 1778 at Madras and in 1792 at Bombay. After 1793, when Cornwallis introduced the Regulation of the Permanent Settlement, the financial responsibility for maintaining the official posts rested with the zamindars. Alongside these, private \"dawk\" mail systems sprang up for the commercial conveyance of messages using hired runners. Also, the East India Company created its own infrastructure for the expansion and", "title": "Postage stamps and postal history of India" }, { "id": "14335375", "text": "Bhutan Postal Corporation Bhutan Postal Corporation Ltd., or \"Bhutan Post\", is the company in Bhutan responsible for the operation of the postal system. Until 1996 the post in Bhutan was run by the \"Department of Posts and Telegraphs\", part of the \"Ministry of Communications\", but in line with the Government of Bhutan's policy of giving autonomy to organisations able to operate independently, Bhutan Post was created on 1 October 1996. Under the \"Bhutan Postal Corporation Act 1999\" (BPCA), the Directors of the corporation are appointed by the Bhutan government and the Chairman is the relevant government minister. Bhutan has been", "title": "Bhutan Postal Corporation" }, { "id": "7562793", "text": "on the convergence of regulation resulting in the merging of the IBA and SATRA. ICASA functions under the Department of Communications (DoC). It was initially composed of seven Council members. The ICASA amendment Act of 2006 included the Postal services, previously regulated by the Postal Authority into ICASA’s mandate. It increased the Council members from seven to nine to accommodate the new members from the Postal Authority. ICASA’s mandate is to regulate electronic communications (i.e. broadcasting and telecommunications) and postal services in the public interest. It derives its mandate from the following primary pieces of legislation (and subsequent amendments thereto):", "title": "Independent Communications Authority of South Africa" }, { "id": "2423123", "text": "\"Circuit Court of this district had not power to issue writ in question, and consequently, was of opinion that the judgment demanding a peremptory mandamus should by reversed.\" Even though the Postmaster General was subject to direction and control of the President with respect of the duties imposed by law, when the law is 'ministerial,' Congress can limit and regulate the executive officials. Because Congress created the executive office, then Congress could monitor executive decisions, but the President is not controlled by the federal courts. While the opinion of the case served to further define separation of powers by holding", "title": "Philip Pendleton Barbour" } ]

[ "The silicate minerals" ]

[ { "id": "9015288", "text": "ft). The water's peculiarly blue color, varying in intensity due to weather and flow, is the result of physical properties of the nanoscale limestone densely distributed in the water. The particles are so small that the so-called Rayleigh scattering of light takes place, preferentially scattering the blue color in the visible light. Similar effect is observed at the Blue Lagoon in Reykjavik, Iceland, where the blue color originates from nanoscale silica particles. Near the Blautopf is a hammermill fed by the water of the spring. A film, which documents the exploration of the cave, is shown at the same location.", "title": "Blautopf" }, { "id": "5864238", "text": "Blue Lagoon (geothermal spa) The Blue Lagoon (Icelandic: \"Bláa lónið\") is a geothermal spa in southwestern Iceland. The spa is located in a lava field near Grindavík on the Reykjanes Peninsula, in a location favourable for geothermal power, and is supplied by water used in the nearby Svartsengi geothermal power station. The Blue Lagoon is approximately from Keflavík International Airport, and is one of the most visited attractions in Iceland. The warm waters are rich in minerals like silica and sulfur and bathing in the Blue Lagoon is reputed to help some people suffering from skin diseases such as psoriasis.", "title": "Blue Lagoon (geothermal spa)" }, { "id": "5864243", "text": "Blue Lagoon was used for the thermal spa scenes in the filming of \"\". It was also shown in the Incubus documentary \"Look Alive\", when the band visited Iceland, in the fifth cycle of \"Britain's Next Top Model\" which used as photoshoot location as well as Keeping up with the Kardashians. The Blue Lagoon is situated close to the world's first renewable methanol plant, which uses Carbon Recycling International's carbon dioxide to process methanol fuel. In 1976, a pool formed at the site from the waste water of the geothermal power plant that had just been built there. In 1981,", "title": "Blue Lagoon (geothermal spa)" }, { "id": "5864241", "text": "into the water and a shower chair. There is also a private changing room available for those with special needs, complete with a roll-in shower. The rich mineral content is provided by the underground geological layers and pushed up to the surface by the hot water (at about pressure and temperature) used by the plant. Because of its mineral concentration, water cannot be recycled and must be disposed of in the nearby landscape, a permeable lava field that varies in thickness from to . The silicate minerals is the primary cause of that water's milky blue shade. After the minerals", "title": "Blue Lagoon (geothermal spa)" }, { "id": "1066892", "text": "attractions such as the Blue Lagoon. The geothermal water originates 2,000 metres below the surface, where freshwater and seawater combine at extreme temperatures. It is then harnessed via drilling holes at a nearby geothermal power plant, Svartsengi, to create electricity and hot water for nearby communities. This Blue Lagoon is entirely powered by geothermal energy. Geothermal power in Iceland Due to the geological location of Iceland (over a rift in continental plates), the high concentration of volcanoes in the area is often an advantage in the generation of geothermal energy, the heating and making of electricity. During winter, pavements near", "title": "Geothermal power in Iceland" }, { "id": "15768832", "text": "Blue iceberg A blue iceberg is visible after the ice from above the water melts, causing the smooth portion of ice from below the water to overturn. The rare blue ice is formed from the compression of pure snow, which then develops into glacial ice. Icebergs may also appear blue due to light refraction and age. Older icebergs reveal vivid hues of green and blue, resulting from a high concentration of color, microorganisms, and compacted ice. One of the better known blue icebergs rests in the waters off Sermilik fjord near Greenland. It is described as an electric blue iceberg", "title": "Blue iceberg" }, { "id": "5986949", "text": "Blue ice (glacial) Blue ice occurs when snow falls on a glacier, is compressed, and becomes part of the glacier. Air bubbles are squeezed out and ice crystals enlarge, making the ice appear blue. Small amounts of regular ice appear to be white because of air bubbles inside them and also because small quantities of water appear to be colourless. In glaciers, the pressure causes the air bubbles to be squeezed out, increasing the density of the created ice. Large quantities of water appear to be blue, as it absorbs other colours more efficiently than blue. A large piece of", "title": "Blue ice (glacial)" }, { "id": "5864244", "text": "people started bathing in it after its supposed healing powers were popularized. In 1992, the Blue Lagoon company was established, and the bathing facility was opened for the public. In recent years, several cosmetics companies have begun marketing skin care products using mud purportedly extracted from the Blue Lagoon, their effectiveness still subject to debate. Blue Lagoon (geothermal spa) The Blue Lagoon (Icelandic: \"Bláa lónið\") is a geothermal spa in southwestern Iceland. The spa is located in a lava field near Grindavík on the Reykjanes Peninsula, in a location favourable for geothermal power, and is supplied by water used in", "title": "Blue Lagoon (geothermal spa)" }, { "id": "5864240", "text": "a heat exchanger to provide heat for a municipal water heating system. Then the water is fed into the lagoon for recreational and medicinal users to bathe in. Iceland has a strict code of hygiene and guests are required to shower prior to enjoying the geothermal spa. The communal showers are split up by gender. Children age 8 and under are only allowed entry with the use of arm floaters, provided free of charge. The lagoon is not suitable for children under the age of 2 years. The Blue Lagoon is accessible for wheelchair users with a ramp that extends", "title": "Blue Lagoon (geothermal spa)" }, { "id": "12075978", "text": "such as smoking pipes, plates, cups and tea pots. The pit became disused before the First World War, but ball clay is still extracted from other pits in the area. The title 'blue' arose because there are minute particles of clay in colloidal suspension within the water. These suspensions variously diffract the light depending on the particles' size (with differences in size often linked to changes in concentration and pH), yielding colours from red-brown, through grey and green, to the more typical turquoise. The metallic blue sometimes found in photographs is more likely to be a reflection of the sky,", "title": "Blue Pool, Dorset" }, { "id": "2726194", "text": "include Islam, Judaism, and various and folk religions such as Ásatrúarfélagið. There are also folk beliefs concerning elves that do not rise to the level of religion, but have gained some note. One of the most popular tourist attractions in Iceland is visiting the geothermal spas and pools that can be found all around the country, such as \"Bláa Lónið\" (The Blue Lagoon) on the Reykjanes Peninsula near the Keflavík International Airport. There are no railways in Iceland. The country has an extensive road network, and a ring road follows the coast, making it theoretically possible to traverse the entire", "title": "Culture of Iceland" }, { "id": "5986950", "text": "compressed ice, or a glacier, similarly appears blue. The blue color is sometimes wrongly attributed to Rayleigh scattering, which is responsible for the color of the sky. Rather, water ice is blue for the same reason that large quantities of liquid water are blue: it is a result of an overtone of an oxygen–hydrogen (O−H) bond stretch in water, which absorbs light at the red end of the visible spectrum. In the case of oceans or lakes, some of the light hitting the surface of water is reflected back directly, but most of it penetrates the surface, interacting with its", "title": "Blue ice (glacial)" }, { "id": "6329427", "text": "of Keflavík International Airport, the major point of entry for Iceland, and also the Blue Lagoon health spa. The peninsula is marked by active volcanism under its surface, and large lava fields, allowing little vegetation. There are numerous hot springs and sulphur springs in the southern half of the peninsula, around the Kleifarvatn lake and the Krýsuvík geothermal area. There is also a geothermal power station at Svartsengi. Near the power station a luxury spa and pool area has been installed using the hot and mineralized water coming down from the power station; it is known as the \"Blue Lagoon\"", "title": "Southern Peninsula (Iceland)" }, { "id": "15768834", "text": "in the ice by falling snow. Therefore, icebergs that have been formed from older glaciers have little internal air or reflective surfaces. When long wavelength light (i.e. red) from the sun hits the iceberg, it is absorbed, rather than reflected. The light transmitted or refracted through the ice returns as blue or blue-green. Older glaciers also reflect incident light preferentially at the short wavelength end of the spectrum (i.e. blue) due to Rayleigh scattering, much in the same way that makes the sky blue. Light is absorbed and reflected in water. Visible white light is made up of a spectrum", "title": "Blue iceberg" }, { "id": "158321", "text": "long-term climatic changes, e.g., precipitation, mean temperature, and cloud cover, glacial mass changes are considered among the most sensitive indicators of climate change and are a major source of variations in sea level. A large piece of compressed ice, or a glacier, appears blue, as large quantities of water appear blue. This is because water molecules absorb other colors more efficiently than blue. The other reason for the blue color of glaciers is the lack of air bubbles. Air bubbles, which give a white color to ice, are squeezed out by pressure increasing the density of the created ice. The", "title": "Glacier" }, { "id": "18677870", "text": "the Blue Lagoon in Iceland as an entry pass, storage locker key, and payment method for food and drinks. However, similarly to the TapuTapu, the Blue Lagoon's RFID wristbands must be returned at the end of one's stay, and a recovery mechanism is appropriately installed in the exit turnstiles. MagicBands MagicBands are plastic bracelets that contain RFID radios, in use at Walt Disney World Resort. The MagicBands form the central part of the MyMagic+ experience, providing a way for the system to connect data to guests. This includes connecting park tickets, hotel room keys, payments, and PhotoPass information to the", "title": "MagicBands" }, { "id": "15768833", "text": "and is known to locals as \"blue diamond\". Commonly seen white icebergs generally derive their color from the snow and frost remaining on the surface which results in the uniform reflection of incident light. Young glaciers that have not undergone years of compression, may also appear white. Due to the age of the iceberg, there remains a tremendous amount of air and reflective surfaces. The iceberg easily reflects the sun as white light. Blue icebergs develop from older, deep glaciers which have undergone tremendous pressure experienced for hundreds of years. The process releases and eliminates air that was originally caught", "title": "Blue iceberg" }, { "id": "10839868", "text": "Climate of Iceland The climate of Iceland is subarctic (Köppen climate classification: Cfc) near the southern coastal area and tundra inland in the highlands. The island lies in the path of the North Atlantic Current, which makes its climate more temperate than would be expected for its latitude just south of the Arctic Circle. This effect is aided by the Irminger Current, which also helps to moderate the island’s temperature. The weather in Iceland can be notoriously variable. The aurora borealis is often visible at night time during the winter. The midnight sun can be experienced in summer on the", "title": "Climate of Iceland" }, { "id": "14153523", "text": "Reykjanes Power Station The Reykjanes Power Station (known as \"Reykjanesvirkjun\") is a geothermal power station located in Reykjanes at the southwestern tip of Iceland. The Reykjanes Peninsula is an area of high geothermal activity and several volcanoes are evident. Two power plants have been constructed to take advanatge of this geothermal activity; Svartsengi, whose runoff creates the famous Blue Lagoon and the Reykjanes Power Station completed in 2012. As of 2012, the Reykjanes Power Plant generates 100MWe from two 50MWe turbines, using steam and brine from a reservoir at 290 °C to 320 °C, which is extracted from 12 wells", "title": "Reykjanes Power Station" }, { "id": "5760246", "text": "and lakes often reflect blue skylight, making them appear bluer. The relative contribution of reflected skylight and the light scattered back from the depths is strongly dependent on observation angle. Glaciers are large bodies of ice and snow formed in cold climates by processes involving the compaction of fallen snow. While snowy glaciers appear white from a distance, up close and when shielded from direct ambient light, glaciers usually appear a deep blue due to the long path lengths of the internal reflected light. Relatively small amounts of regular ice appear white because plenty of air bubbles are present, and", "title": "Color of water" }, { "id": "19185598", "text": "Resources and the Blue Lagoon. Other stops include The Icelandic Museum of Rock 'n' Roll, Duushús : culture and art center, Sudurnes Science and Learning Center Sandgerði, Flösin Garðskaga, Stafnes church and the Svartsengi and Reykjanesvirkjun geothermal power plants. Blue Diamond (Iceland) The Blue Diamond is a rapidly growing tourist route in Iceland covering about 50 km looping from Reykjavik into the Reykjanes Peninsula and back. This tour also runs straight from the International Airport into the Blue Diamond route. Tours and travel related activities in this route are rapidly growing in Iceland. The Blue Diamond route is situated in", "title": "Blue Diamond (Iceland)" }, { "id": "15768835", "text": "of colors from the rainbow, ranging from red to violet. As the light travels through the water, the waves of light from the red end of the spectrum dissipate (i.e. are absorbed), while those from the blue end, become more prominent. Underwater divers have direct experience of these effects. Above the water, all the colors remain visible. As the diver swims deeper under water, the colors begin to disappear, starting with red. At an approximate depth of , red is no longer visible to the naked eye. At , yellow looks greenish-blue, because the water has absorbed the yellow light.", "title": "Blue iceberg" }, { "id": "5864239", "text": "The water temperature in the bathing and swimming area of the lagoon averages . The Blue Lagoon also operates a research and development facility to help find cures for other skin ailments using the mineral-rich water. The lagoon is a man-made lagoon which is fed by the water output of the nearby geothermal power plant Svartsengi and is renewed every two days. It is the largest in the world. Superheated water is vented from the ground near a lava flow and used to run turbines that generate electricity. After going through the turbines, the steam and hot water passes through", "title": "Blue Lagoon (geothermal spa)" }, { "id": "5986951", "text": "molecules. The water molecule can vibrate in different modes when light hits it. The red, orange, yellow, and green wavelengths of light are absorbed so that the remaining light is composed of the shorter wavelengths of blue and violet. This is the main reason why the ocean is blue. So, water owes its intrinsic blueness to selective absorption in the red part of its visible spectrum. The absorbed photons promote transitions to high overtone and combination states of the nuclear motions of the molecule, i.e. to highly excited vibrations. An example of blue ice was observed in Tasman Glacier, New", "title": "Blue ice (glacial)" }, { "id": "196586", "text": "ice to water is known as the \"heat of fusion\". As with water, ice absorbs light at the red end of the spectrum preferentially as the result of an overtone of an oxygen–hydrogen (O–H) bond stretch. Compared with water, this absorption is shifted toward slightly lower energies. Thus, ice appears blue, with a slightly greener tint than liquid water. Since absorption is cumulative, the color effect intensifies with increasing thickness or if internal reflections cause the light to take a longer path through the ice. Other colors can appear in the presence of light absorbing impurities, where the impurity is", "title": "Ice" }, { "id": "16518058", "text": "via Zodiac boat excursions and landings to see glaciers, icebergs, fjords, and the world’s northernmost communities and research stations. Expeditions beginning in Iceland have in the past included land-based activities such as a day in Reykjavík; visits to the Blue Lagoon, active geysers, Iceland’s icecap, ancient fishing villages, the volcanic Vestmannaeyjar, or Westman Islands; a tour of a geothermal power plant; a hike in Thingvellir National Park, a UNESCO world heritage site or along the shores of Skagafjörður, aka the Skaga Fjord, Saudarkrokur; a trip to Hvammstangi, home of the Icelandic Seal Centre, or the Husavik Whale Museum, located on", "title": "Students on Ice" }, { "id": "189927", "text": "glaciers cover 14.3% of its surface; only 23% is vegetated. The largest lakes are Þórisvatn reservoir: and Þingvallavatn: ; other important lakes include Lagarfljót and Mývatn. Jökulsárlón is the deepest lake, at . Geologically, Iceland is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a ridge along which the oceanic crust spreads and forms new oceanic crust. This part of the mid-ocean ridge is located above a mantle plume, causing Iceland to be subaerial (above the surface of the sea). The ridge marks the boundary between the Eurasian and North American Plates, and Iceland was created by rifting and accretion through volcanism along", "title": "Iceland" }, { "id": "158329", "text": "of years, layers of firn undergo further compaction and become glacial ice. Glacier ice is slightly less dense than ice formed from frozen water because it contains tiny trapped air bubbles. Glacial ice has a distinctive blue tint because it absorbs some red light due to an overtone of the infrared OH stretching mode of the water molecule. Liquid water is blue for the same reason. The blue of glacier ice is sometimes misattributed to Rayleigh scattering due to bubbles in the ice. A glacier originates at a location called its glacier head and terminates at its glacier foot, snout,", "title": "Glacier" }, { "id": "10553055", "text": "so that no large ice shelves occur. On the ice sheet, temperatures are generally substantially lower than elsewhere in Greenland. The lowest mean annual temperatures, about −31 °C (−24 °F), occur on the north-central part of the north dome, and temperatures at the crest of the south dome are about −20 °C (−4 °F). During winter, the ice sheet takes on a strikingly clear blue/green color. During summer, the top layer of ice melts leaving pockets of air in the ice that makes it look white. Positioned in the Arctic, the Greenland ice sheet is especially vulnerable to global warming.", "title": "Dye 3" }, { "id": "11259787", "text": "However, the organization was not a major success and made few notable accomplishments. The Icelandic New Business Venture Fund was founded in 1998 with an allocation of ISK 5 billion. It was formed as part of substantial alterations to the structure of the Icelandic financial market. These alterations included the merging four investment credit funds owned by the state into the fund and the Icelandic Investment Bank. The organization did poorly due to a global stock market decline. However, it did manage to fund the Blue Lagoon, a major tourist attraction in Iceland. According to the \"OECD Economic Surveys: Iceland", "title": "The Icelandic New Business Venture Fund" }, { "id": "158265", "text": "green pigment in green eyes; like the color of blue eyes, it is an optical illusion; its appearance is caused by the combination of an amber or light brown pigmentation of the stroma, given by a low or moderate concentration of melanin, with the blue tone imparted by the Rayleigh scattering of the reflected light. Green eyes are most common in Northern and Central Europe. They can also be found in Southern Europe, West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia. In Iceland, 89% of women and 87% of men have either blue or green eye color. A study of Icelandic", "title": "Green" }, { "id": "4856297", "text": "about respectively. The bottom water temperatures are below . The surface water salinity is 3.30–3.45% in the eastern and below 3.20% in the western parts, increasing to 3.49% toward the bottom. The water is green. Tides are semidiurnal with the average height of . Together with the water currents, they break up the floating ice sheets and mix various water layers both laterally and along the depth. The progressively colder waters of North Atlantic Current sink in the Arctic Ocean, returning south in the form of cold East Greenland Current, an important part of the Atlantic conveyor belt, which flows", "title": "Greenland Sea" }, { "id": "5760247", "text": "also because small quantities of water appear to be colorless. In glaciers, on the other hand, the pressure causes the air bubbles, trapped in the accumulated snow, to be squeezed out increasing the density of the created ice. Large quantities of water appear blue, therefore a large piece of compressed ice, or a glacier, would also appear blue. Dissolved and particulate material in water can cause discoloration. Slight discoloration is measured in Hazen units (HU). Impurities can be deeply colored as well, for instance dissolved organic compounds called tannins can result in dark brown colors, or algae floating in the", "title": "Color of water" }, { "id": "20957768", "text": "Wildlife of Iceland The wildlife of Iceland is the wild plant and animal life found on the island of Iceland, located in the north Atlantic Ocean just south of the Arctic Circle. The flora and fauna is limited by the geography and climate of the island. The habitats on the island include high mountains, lava fields, tundras, rivers, lakes and a coastal plain of varying width. There is a long coastline, much dissected by fiords, especially in the west, north and east, with many offshore islets. Iceland is of volcanic origin with the landscape being influenced by water and wind", "title": "Wildlife of Iceland" }, { "id": "291708", "text": "This water may cool enough in the Norwegian Sea to submerge into the deeper layers; there it displaces water that flows back into the North Atlantic. Arctic water from the East Iceland Current is mostly found in the southwestern part of the sea, near Greenland. Its properties also show significant annual fluctuations, with long-term average temperature being below 3 °C and salinity between 34.7 and 34.9‰. The fraction of this water on the sea surface depends on the strength of the current, which in turn depends on the pressure difference between the Icelandic Low and Azores High: the larger the", "title": "Norwegian Sea" }, { "id": "4033231", "text": "Fiji. The flora and fauna featured in the film includes an array of animals from multiple continents. As it turned out, the iguanas filmed on Fiji were a species hitherto unknown to biologists; this was noted by the herpetologist John Gibbons when he watched the film and after traveling to the island where the iguanas were filmed, he described the Fiji crested iguana (\"Brachylophus vitiensis\") in 1981. The lagoon scenes were shot in Comino Island, Malta and Champagne Bay, Vanuatu. All of Brooke Shields' nude scenes were performed by the film's 32-year-old stunt coordinator, Kathy Troutt. Shields did many of", "title": "The Blue Lagoon (1980 film)" }, { "id": "3210942", "text": "Grindavík Grindavík is a fishing town on the Southern Peninsula of Iceland. It is one of the few cities with a harbour at this coast. Most of the inhabitants work in the fishing industry. The Blue Lagoon, Grindavík's premiere attraction, is located from the town centre. Landnáma or \"The Book of Settlements\" mentions that around 934 two Viking settlers, Molda-Gnúpur Hrólfsson and Þórir Haustmyrkur Vígbjóðsson, arrived in the Reykjanes area. Þórir settled in Selvogur, and Krísuvík and Molda-Gnúpur in Grindavík. The sons of Moldar-Gnúpur established three settlements; Þórkötlustaðahverfi, Járngerðarstaðarhverfi and Staðarhverfi. The modern version of Grindavik is situated mainly in", "title": "Grindavík" }, { "id": "4351926", "text": "is found on the mountains of north Wales, northern England, Scotland and south-west Ireland. In North America its range extends through Arctic regions, from Alaska to Newfoundland, and south in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado, and to the Appalachian Mountains of New England. In commerce it is a light-grey harsh cartilaginous body, almost colorless, and tastes slightly bitter. It contains about 70% of lichenin or lichen-starch, a body isomeric with common starch, but without structure. It also yields a peculiar modification of chlorophyll (called \"thallochlor\"), fumaric acid, lichenostearic acid, and cetraric acid (which gives it the bitter taste). It forms", "title": "Iceland moss" }, { "id": "17223864", "text": "water was restored to the fountain as a test run, with the intention that it will stay on until November, when the ice rink reopens. The water has been dyed with the 'Blue Lagoon' aquatic dye to control the growth of algae and bacteria. The nontoxic aquatic dye attenuates the penetration of light into the water, and tints the water blue. The fountain has been considered controversial since its construction, and criticism of it has continued over the years. Hoving, in his dedication speech, said of the fountain had some of the daring of Baroque sculpture and that \"A work", "title": "Vaillancourt Fountain" }, { "id": "16710747", "text": "dyed black in April 2016. Harpur Hill Quarry Harpur Hill Quarry is a disused quarry on Harpur Hill, Derbyshire. It has flooded and became known locally as \"The Blue Lagoon\". The attractive blue colour is from caustic chemicals in the stone. The quarry lake is a popular swimming spot, despite pollution and its pH level being 11.3, which is highly alkaline (ammonia is 11.5 and bleach is 12.6). In 2013 the water was dyed black to deter swimmers, but as of 2015 the water had clarified and the lagoon has its natural blue appearance again. The water remained a lush", "title": "Harpur Hill Quarry" }, { "id": "5986952", "text": "Zealand in January 2011. Blue ice is exposed in areas of the Antarctic where there is no net addition or subtraction of snow. That is, any snow that falls in that area is counteracted by sublimation or other losses. These areas have been used as runways (e.g. Wilkins Runway, Novolazarevskaya, Patriot Hills Base Camp) due to their hard surface, which is suitable for aircraft fitted with wheels rather than skis. Blue ice (glacial) Blue ice occurs when snow falls on a glacier, is compressed, and becomes part of the glacier. Air bubbles are squeezed out and ice crystals enlarge, making", "title": "Blue ice (glacial)" }, { "id": "744387", "text": "Geography of Iceland Iceland ( )is an island country at the confluence of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, east of Greenland and immediately south of the Arctic Circle, atop the constructive boundary of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge about from Scotland and from New York City. One of the world's most sparsely populated countries, Iceland's boundaries are almost the same as the main island – the world's 18th largest in area and possessing almost all of the country's area and population. It is the westernmost European country with more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe. Island", "title": "Geography of Iceland" }, { "id": "4078698", "text": "particular melt may be part of cyclical behavior; however, Lora Koenig, a Goddard glaciologist suggested that \"...if we continue to observe melting events like this in upcoming years, it will be worrisome.\" Global warming is increasing growth of algae on the ice sheet. This darkens the ice causing it to absorb more sunlight and potentially increasing the rate of melting. Meltwater around Greenland may transport nutrients in both dissolved and particulate phases to the ocean. Measurements of the amount of iron in meltwater from the Greenland ice sheet show that extensive melting of the ice sheet might add an amount", "title": "Greenland ice sheet" }, { "id": "16710746", "text": "Harpur Hill Quarry Harpur Hill Quarry is a disused quarry on Harpur Hill, Derbyshire. It has flooded and became known locally as \"The Blue Lagoon\". The attractive blue colour is from caustic chemicals in the stone. The quarry lake is a popular swimming spot, despite pollution and its pH level being 11.3, which is highly alkaline (ammonia is 11.5 and bleach is 12.6). In 2013 the water was dyed black to deter swimmers, but as of 2015 the water had clarified and the lagoon has its natural blue appearance again. The water remained a lush blue until it was again", "title": "Harpur Hill Quarry" }, { "id": "11237251", "text": "traces of the industry remain. Most visible are the two smaller quarry lakes north of the lake. The northwest of these lakes, \"The Blue Lagoon\", is a well visited swimming site. The lake's outflow in the north was dammed up and led through a culvert for production of hydroelectricity following a decision in 1939. only the culvert remains. In winter the lake is sometimes used for tour skating. Lake Bästeträsk Lake Bästeträsk is a freshwater lake located in the northern part of the Swedish island of Gotland. It is the largest lake on the island. The lake is located at", "title": "Lake Bästeträsk" }, { "id": "10839872", "text": "deep lows from the southwest in wintertime. Lightning can usually be observed in connection with ash plumes erupting from the island’s volcanoes. There is a persistent area of low pressure near Iceland known as the Icelandic Low, found between Iceland and Greenland. This area affects the amount of air brought into the Arctic to the east, and the amount coming out of the Arctic to the west. It is part of a greater pressure system known as the North Atlantic Oscillation. Climate of Iceland The climate of Iceland is subarctic (Köppen climate classification: Cfc) near the southern coastal area and", "title": "Climate of Iceland" }, { "id": "3209314", "text": "Tjörnin Tjörnin (, \"The Pond\") is a small, prominent lake in central Reykjavík, the capital of Iceland. Most visitors to the city pass along its shore, as it is situated in the city centre next to the Reykjavik City Hall and several museums. \"Tjörnin\" means \"the lake\" or \"the pond\". The popular pastime of feeding the birds on the lake shore has led to the lake being called \"the biggest bread soup in the world\" (\"stærsta brauðsúpa í heimi\"). Tjörnin is described as a lagoon next to a barrier beach. The lake’s formation is attributed to the lagoon which was", "title": "Tjörnin" }, { "id": "4033223", "text": "McKern), survive a shipwreck in the South Pacific and reach a lush tropical island. Paddy cares for the children and forbids them by \"Law\" from going to the other side of the island, as he had found remains from bloody human sacrifices on an altar. He also warns them against eating a deadly scarlet berry. Several years later, Paddy dies after a drunken binge. Now alone, the children go to another part of the island and rebuild their home. Years pass and they grow into tall, strong teenagers. They live in their hut, spending their days fishing, swimming and diving", "title": "The Blue Lagoon (1980 film)" }, { "id": "4078697", "text": "years. When the meltwater seeps down through cracks in the sheet, it accelerates the melting and, in some areas, allows the ice to slide more easily over the bedrock below, speeding its movement to the sea. Besides contributing to global sea level rise, the process adds freshwater to the ocean, which may disturb ocean circulation and thus regional climate. In July 2012, this melt zone extended to 97 percent of the ice cover. Ice cores show that events such as this occur approximately every 150 years on average. The last time a melt this large happened was in 1889. This", "title": "Greenland ice sheet" }, { "id": "1735835", "text": "involve understanding the connections that exist between these systems, various aspects cannot be viewed in isolation. Often changes in one part of the overall system can propagate and cause changes in another part. Thus, you can only understand a problem if you look at its parts in relation to the whole. Based on this framework, IE looks at environmental issues with a \"systems thinking\" approach. A good IE example with these societal impacts can be found at the Blue Lagoon in Iceland. The Lagoon uses super-heated water from a local geothermal power plant to fill mineral-rich basins that have become", "title": "Industrial ecology" }, { "id": "4347736", "text": "water temperature drops to . During December to March, the lake turns to a vibrant cobalt blue colour, returning to a colder steel grey colour for April to November. The exact cause of this phenomenon is still a matter of conjecture, but it is generally considered likely that it revolves around the warming of the surface layers of the lake during the summer months to around , causing calcium carbonate to precipitate out of the solution and enabling micro-crystallites of calcium carbonate to form. This results in scatter of the blue wavelengths of sunlight. During winter the lake becomes well", "title": "Blue Lake (South Australia)" }, { "id": "12363191", "text": "by Greenland Sea Deep Water, which forms during the passage of winter storms. As temperatures cool dramatically in the winter, ice forms and intense vertical convection allows the water to become dense enough to sink below the warm saline water below. Arctic Bottom Water is critically important because of its outflow, which contributes to the formation of Atlantic Deep Water. The overturning of this water plays a key role in global circulation and the moderation of climate. In the depth range of is a water mass referred to as Atlantic Water. Inflow from the North Atlantic Current enters through the", "title": "Arctic Ocean" }, { "id": "3806869", "text": "by the ancient Egyptians known as \"Egyptian blue.\" This color, derived from calcium copper silicate, absorbs visible light, and emits light in the near-infrared range, helping keep roofs and walls cool. Blue roof A blue roof is a roof design that is explicitly intended to store water, typically rainfall. Blue roofs that are used for temporary rooftop storage can be classified as \"active\" or \"passive\" depending on the types of control devices used to regulate drainage of water from the roof. A number of blue roof pilot projects have been implemented around the United States. Active blue roofs for storm", "title": "Blue roof" }, { "id": "3210946", "text": "masts. The mast situated at 63°51′1″N 22°28′0″W was built in 1993 and is 304.8 meters tall. The other mast at 63°51′3″N 22°27′6″W was built in 1983 and is 182.9 meters tall. The taller mast replaced a 243.8 meter tall mast, and the second replaced a mast of same height. Grindavík Grindavík is a fishing town on the Southern Peninsula of Iceland. It is one of the few cities with a harbour at this coast. Most of the inhabitants work in the fishing industry. The Blue Lagoon, Grindavík's premiere attraction, is located from the town centre. Landnáma or \"The Book of", "title": "Grindavík" }, { "id": "5229814", "text": "cook on an island in the South Pacific following a shipwreck. The galley cook, Paddy Button, assumes responsibility for the children and teaches them how to survive, cautioning them to avoid the \"arita\" berries, which he calls \"the never-wake-up berries.\" Two-and-a-half years after the shipwreck, Paddy dies following a drinking binge. The children survive on their resourcefulness and the bounty of their remote paradise. They live in a hut and spend their days fishing, swimming, diving for pearls, and exploring the island. As the years pass, Dicky and Emmeline grow into physically mature young adults and begin to fall in", "title": "The Blue Lagoon (novel)" }, { "id": "6645920", "text": "Iceland, Poland, Sweden, China, Brazil and many more countries. She crowned her successor, Taťána Kuchařová of Czech Republic, the next Miss World on 30 September 2006. Unnur has starred as Anna in the movie \"The Higher Force\" as Anna – the girl on the dance floor. In 2009, she portrayed a character named Tóta in a movie named \"Jóhannes\". In 2011, Unnur is featured in a new ad, which promotes The Blue Lagoon, a famous geothermal spa and tourist attraction in Iceland. Unnur has hosted the \"Miss Reykjavik 2010\" pageant. On 4 August 2014, Unnur married her long term partner", "title": "Unnur Birna Vilhjálmsdóttir" }, { "id": "11252034", "text": "the ice will melt and break up, exposing the ocean water, which absorbs almost all of the solar radiation that reaches it, storing the energy in the water column. By July and August, most of the land is bare and absorbs more than 80% of the sun's energy that reaches the surface. Where sea ice remains, in the central Arctic Basin and the straits between the islands in the Canadian Archipelago, the many melt ponds and lack of snow cause about half of the sun's energy to be absorbed, but this mostly goes toward melting ice since the ice surface", "title": "Climate of the Arctic" }, { "id": "12363201", "text": "the Arctic Ocean is fairly constant, near the freezing point of seawater. Because the Arctic Ocean consists of saltwater, the temperature must reach before freezing occurs. The density of sea water, in contrast to fresh water, increases as it nears the freezing point and thus it tends to sink. It is generally necessary that the upper of ocean water cools to the freezing point for sea ice to form. In the winter the relatively warm ocean water exerts a moderating influence, even when covered by ice. This is one reason why the Arctic does not experience the extreme temperatures seen", "title": "Arctic Ocean" }, { "id": "11252048", "text": "which is ice free, and the inland ice sheet. The Greenland Ice Sheet covers about 80% of Greenland, extending to the coast in places, and has an average elevation of and a maximum elevation of . Much of the ice sheet remains below freezing all year, and it has the coldest climate of any part of the Arctic. Coastal areas can be affected by nearby open water, or by heat transfer through sea ice from the ocean, and many parts lose their snow cover in summer, allowing them to absorb more solar radiation and warm more than the interior. Coastal", "title": "Climate of the Arctic" }, { "id": "4953767", "text": "Return to the Blue Lagoon Return to the Blue Lagoon is a 1991 American romance and adventure film directed and produced by William A. Graham and starring Milla Jovovich and Brian Krause. The film is a sequel to \"The Blue Lagoon\" (1980). The screenplay by Leslie Stevens was based on the novel \"The Garden of God\" by Henry De Vere Stacpoole. The original music score was composed by Basil Poledouris. The film's closing theme song \"A World of Our Own\" is performed by Surface featuring Bernard Jackson. The music was written by Barry Mann, and the lyrics were written by", "title": "Return to the Blue Lagoon" }, { "id": "20957769", "text": "erosion, abrasion and frost action. The Highlands form a plateau some above sea level, lying in the central and southeastern part of the island, and occupy about 40% of the landmass; they consist largely of volcanic deserts interspersed with glaciers. Other parts of the country consist of mountains and hills surrounded by coastal lowlands, cut by steep-sided valleys and fiords. There are many small lakes and short, fast-flowing rivers. Only about 25% of the land has a complete cover of vegetation and two fifths of this is marshland. Another 60% is sparsely or very sparsely vegetated. The climate is subarctic.", "title": "Wildlife of Iceland" }, { "id": "54395", "text": "of red and reflects and scatters the blue, which comes to the eye of the viewer. The colour of the sea is also affected by the colour of the sky, reflected by particles in the water; and by algae and plant life in the water, which can make it look green; or by sediment, which can make it look brown. The farther away an object is, the more blue it often appears to the eye. For example, mountains in the distance often appear blue. This is the effect of atmospheric perspective; the farther an object is away from the viewer,", "title": "Blue" }, { "id": "15857439", "text": "Much of the land located under the ice sheets is actually below sea level, and would be under the ocean if the ice is removed. However, it is the weight of the ice itself that forces this land below sea level. If the ice was removed, the land would rise back up in an effect called post-glacial rebound. This effect is creating new land in formerly ice cap areas such as Sweden. The extreme pressure exerted by the ice allows for the formation of liquid water at low temperatures that would otherwise result in ice, while the ice sheet itself", "title": "Ice cap climate" }, { "id": "11261786", "text": "Water sky Water sky is a phenomenon that is closely related to ice blink. It forms in regions with large areas of ice and low-lying clouds and so is limited mostly to the extreme northern and southern sections of earth, in Antarctica and in the Arctic. When light hits the blue oceans or seas, some of it bounces back and enables the observer to physically see the water. However, some of the light also is reflected back up on to the bottoms of low-lying clouds and causes a dark spot to appear underneath some clouds. These clouds may be visible", "title": "Water sky" }, { "id": "4033235", "text": "box office hit of 1980 in North America according to \"Box Office Mojo\", grossing US$58,853,106 in the United States and Canada on a $4.5 million budget. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: \"The Blue Lagoon\" was based on Henry De Vere Stacpoole's novel of the same name, which first appeared in 1908. The first film adaptation of the book was the British silent 1923 film of that name. There was another British adaptation in 1949. The 1980 version includes much more nudity and sex scenes than the 1949 version, though far less than the book.", "title": "The Blue Lagoon (1980 film)" }, { "id": "17226288", "text": "Holtsós Holtsós, sometimes anglicised as Holtsos, is a tidal lagoon south of Eyjafjallajökull in south Iceland. It is fed by the Holtsá river and separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a narrow strip of sand. It is approximately long by wide and approximately deep at its deepest point. The lagoon has a sedimented bottom and no appreciable salt gradient. Species found there include \"Gammarus zaddachi\" and \"Gammarus duebeni\". Eurasian oystercatchers frequent it. Above Holtsós is a deep freshwater pool called Hellisvatn after the cave that overlooks it, Steinahellir, which was the location of the district assembly for Eyjafjöll from 1818", "title": "Holtsós" }, { "id": "744388", "text": "in Northern Europe, straddling the Eurasian and North American plates between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the British Isles Geographic coordinates: Extent (locations outside mainland in parentheses) Area: 39,769 sq miles (103,001 km²) Fish, diatomite, hydrothermal power Volcanism, earthquakes, avalanches, and glacial lake outburst flooding (or \"jökulhlaups\") Water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment Iceland consists of eight geographical regions, Capital Region, Southern Peninsula, West, Westfjords, Northwest, Northeast, East and South. Twenty per cent of the land is used for grazing, while only one per cent is cultivated. Iceland has lost most of the", "title": "Geography of Iceland" }, { "id": "6313948", "text": "latter is assumed to be metamorphosed, very old oceanic crust which sank into the mantle several hundreds of millions of years ago during the subduction of an ocean, then upwelled from deep within the mantle. Studies using the major and trace-element compositions of Icelandic volcanics showed that the source of present-day volcanism was about 100 °C greater than that of the source of mid-ocean ridge basalts. The variations in the concentrations of trace elements such as helium, lead, strontium, neodymium, and others show clearly that Iceland is compositionally distinct from the rest of the north Atlantic. For instance, the ratio", "title": "Iceland plume" }, { "id": "4033237", "text": "his recurring nightmare inspired by the movie. The end of the dream spoofs Christopher Atkins' masturbation scene when Candy is spotted masturbating by the jeering passengers of a ship that happens to pass by. On December 9, 2011, the cable TV network Lifetime greenlit the television film \"\". It premiered on the channel on June 16, 2012. Atkins appears in the 2012 film as one of the teachers on the shipborne field trip where Emma and Dean are lost at sea and end up on an island. The Special Edition DVD, with both widescreen and fullscreen versions, was released on", "title": "The Blue Lagoon (1980 film)" }, { "id": "2615159", "text": "divine right. Upon Iceland's independence, they continued to use the Christian symbol. The civil flag of Iceland had been used as an unofficial symbol since 1913. It was officially adopted on 19 June 1915, to represent Iceland, and has been in use at sea since 1 December 1918, when Iceland became a separate Kingdom in the family of Scandinavian countries. Other symbolic meanings refer to the natural features of Iceland itself. Blue is the colour of the mountains when looked at from the coast, white represents the snow and ice covering the island for most of the year, and red", "title": "Flag of Iceland" }, { "id": "17226291", "text": "wrecked off Holtsós. Holtsós Holtsós, sometimes anglicised as Holtsos, is a tidal lagoon south of Eyjafjallajökull in south Iceland. It is fed by the Holtsá river and separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a narrow strip of sand. It is approximately long by wide and approximately deep at its deepest point. The lagoon has a sedimented bottom and no appreciable salt gradient. Species found there include \"Gammarus zaddachi\" and \"Gammarus duebeni\". Eurasian oystercatchers frequent it. Above Holtsós is a deep freshwater pool called Hellisvatn after the cave that overlooks it, Steinahellir, which was the location of the district assembly for", "title": "Holtsós" }, { "id": "6313938", "text": "Iceland plume The Iceland plume is a postulated upwelling of anomalously hot rock in the Earth's mantle beneath Iceland. Its origin is thought to lie deep in the mantle, perhaps at the boundary between the core and the mantle at approximately 2,880 km depth. Opinions differ as to whether seismic studies have imaged such a structure. In this framework, the volcanism of Iceland is attributed to this plume, according to the theory of W. Jason Morgan. According to the plume model, the source of Icelandic volcanism lies deep beneath the center of the island. The earliest volcanic rocks attributed to", "title": "Iceland plume" }, { "id": "19212558", "text": "Truttman Sink due to the contact with the ocean and high amounts of precipitation. Mélange zones generally have a clay-rich matrix and are broken down easily from the forces of mass wasting and weathering. The clay component of the matrix is what causes most of the slope failures due to the absorption of large amounts of water combined with increased weight. These slope failures cause large rock conglomerates and trees to move down from higher up the slope, become deposited on the beach, and washed into the ocean or lagoon. Weathered mélange forms a sticky clay soil known as \"blue", "title": "Truttman Sink" }, { "id": "5010735", "text": "second largest), and several eruptions beneath ice caps, which have generated devastating glacial bursts, most recently in 2010 after the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull. Iceland's location astride the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the Eurasian and North American Plates are moving apart, is partly responsible for this intense volcanic activity, but an additional cause is necessary to explain why Iceland is a substantial island while the rest of the ridge mostly consists of seamounts, with peaks below sea level. As well as being a region of higher temperature than the surrounding mantle, it is believed to have a higher concentration of water. The", "title": "Iceland hotspot" }, { "id": "5986939", "text": "Blue ice (aviation) Blue ice, in the context of aviation, is frozen sewage material that has leaked mid-flight from commercial aircraft lavatory waste systems. It is a mixture of human biowaste and liquid disinfectant that freezes at high altitude. The name comes from the blue color of the disinfectant. Airlines are not allowed to dump their waste tanks in mid-flight, and pilots have no mechanism by which to do so; however, leaks sometimes do occur. There were at least 27 documented incidents of blue ice impacts in the United States between 1979 and 2003. These incidents typically happen under airport", "title": "Blue ice (aviation)" }, { "id": "11252031", "text": "a significant impact because it is mostly reflected away without warming the surface. By May, temperatures are rising, as 24-hour daylight reaches many areas, but most of the Arctic is still snow-covered, so the Arctic surface reflects more than 70% of the sun's energy that reaches it over all areas but the Norwegian Sea and southern Bering Sea, where the ocean is ice free, and some of the land areas adjacent to these seas, where the moderating influence of the open water helps melt the snow early. In most of the Arctic the significant snow melt begins in late May", "title": "Climate of the Arctic" }, { "id": "15082", "text": "back into space than what they absorb, effectively cooling the Earth. This has been a concern since arctic ice and snow has been melting at higher rates due to higher temperatures, creating regions in the arctic that are notably darker (being water or ground which is darker color) and reflects less heat back into space. This feedback loop results in a reduced albedo effect. Albedo affects climate by determining how much radiation a planet absorbs. The uneven heating of Earth from albedo variations between land, ice, or ocean surfaces can drive weather. When an area's albedo changes due to snowfall,", "title": "Albedo" }, { "id": "19185597", "text": "issues facing society in the context of the dynamic planet we all live on. The peninsula, with its diversity of volcanic and geothermal activity is the only place in the world where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is visible above sea level. The primary stops on the Blue Diamond route in the Reykjanes Geopark are Gunnuhver (largest mud geyser in Iceland), Valahnúkur, Walk inside a crater – Stamparnir, The Raven Rift (just like in Þingvellir – Almannagjá), The Bridge Between Continents, Reykjanes lighthouse, Friðrik VIII, Presidents hill, Power Plant Earth, Fire Island, Krísuvík, Seltún, Vikingworld, Kvikan – House of Culture and Natural", "title": "Blue Diamond (Iceland)" }, { "id": "2716943", "text": "ice-sheet response on global warming. In 2018, scientists discovered channels between the East and West Antarctic ice sheets that may allow melted ice to flow more quickly to the sea. The effects on ice sheets due to increasing temperature may accelerate, but as documented by the IPCC the effects are not easily projected accurately and in the case of the Antarctic, may trigger an accumulation of additional ice mass. If an ice sheet were ablated down to bare ground, less light from the sun would be reflected back into space and more would be absorbed by the land. The Greenland", "title": "Ice sheet" }, { "id": "10839869", "text": "island of Grimsey off the north coast; the remainder of the country, since it lies just south of the polar circle, experiences a twilight period during which the sun sets briefly, but still has around 2 weeks of continuous daylight during the summer. The Icelandic winter is relatively mild for its latitude. The southerly lowlands of the island average around in winter, while the Highlands of Iceland tend to average around . The lowest temperatures in the northern part of the island range from around . The lowest temperature on record is . The average July temperature in the southern", "title": "Climate of Iceland" }, { "id": "190013", "text": "based on fish, lamb, and dairy products, with little to no utilisation of herbs or spices. Due to the island's climate, fruits and vegetables are not generally a component of traditional dishes, although the use of greenhouses has made them more common in contemporary food. Þorramatur is a selection of traditional cuisine consisting of many dishes, and is usually consumed around the month of Þorri, which begins on the first Friday after 19 January. Traditional dishes also include skyr (a yoghurt-like cheese), hákarl (cured shark), cured ram, singed sheep heads, and black pudding, Flatkaka (flat bread), dried fish and dark", "title": "Iceland" }, { "id": "8844947", "text": "Ölüdeniz Ölüdeniz (literally \"Dead Sea\", due to its calm waters even during storms; official translation name Blue Lagoon) is a small village and beach resort in the Fethiye district of Muğla Province, on the Turquoise Coast of southwestern Turkey, at the conjunction point of the Aegean and Mediterranean seas. It is located to the south of Fethiye, near Mount Babadağ. It has a sandy bay at the mouth of Ölüdeniz, on a blue lagoon. The beach itself is a pebble beach. The lagoon is a national nature reserve and construction is strictly prohibited. The seawater of Ölüdeniz is famous for", "title": "Ölüdeniz" }, { "id": "744397", "text": "has a variety of volcanic types (composite and fissure), many producing more evolved lavas such as rhyolite and andesite. Iceland has hundreds of volcanoes with approximately thirty volcanic systems active. Party to: Signed, but not ratified: Geography of Iceland Iceland ( )is an island country at the confluence of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, east of Greenland and immediately south of the Arctic Circle, atop the constructive boundary of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge about from Scotland and from New York City. One of the world's most sparsely populated countries, Iceland's boundaries are almost the same as the main island", "title": "Geography of Iceland" }, { "id": "4078700", "text": "Researchers have considered clouds to enhance Greenland ice sheet melt. A study published in \"Nature\" in 2013 found that optically thin liquid-bearing clouds extended this July 2012 extreme melt zone, while a \"Nature Communications\" study in 2016 suggests that clouds in general enhance Greenland ice sheet's meltwater runoff by more than 30% due to decreased meltwater refreezing in the firn layer at night. A 2015 study by climate scientists Michael Mann of Penn State and Stefan Rahmstorf from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research suggests that the observed cold blob in the North Atlantic during years of temperature records", "title": "Greenland ice sheet" }, { "id": "11030241", "text": "Pacific Ocean, more precipitation falls on the Blue Glacier than any other glacier in the lower 48 United States. About of precipitation falls on the upper reaches of Mount Olympus and Blue Glacier each year. During winter, most of the precipitation on Blue Glacier consists of snow. In addition, a significant amount of rain falls on the Blue Glacier as well, especially during spring and summer. Because of this high precipitation and the volume of this body of ice, the Blue Glacier contributes a significant amount of water to the Hoh River via Glacier Creek. The Hoh River eventually discharges", "title": "Blue Glacier" }, { "id": "20956113", "text": "Iceland and the International Monetary Fund Iceland is an arctic island nation in the North Atlantic ocean with a population of 352,000 and a GDP of 23.91 billion USD (2017) according to World Bank . Iceland joined the IMF on Dec 27th, 1945, becoming one of the IMF’s founding members. As a part of the IMF, Iceland has rights in accordance with its contributions, borrowing rights which help facilitate the stability of global financial markets. Iceland’s quota is 321.8 million SDR, and its Special Drawing Rights are 112 million. This is a relatively small quota and its vote share comprises", "title": "Iceland and the International Monetary Fund" }, { "id": "2512485", "text": "populations), it often does not retain stratigraphic information. Cores are often drilled in areas such as Antarctica and central Greenland where the temperature is almost never warm enough to cause melting, but the summer sun can still alter the snow. In polar areas, the sun is visible day and night during the local summer and invisible all winter. It can make some snow sublimate, leaving the top inch or so less dense. When the sun approaches its lowest point in the sky, the temperature drops and hoar frost forms on the top layer. Buried under the snow of following years,", "title": "Ice core" }, { "id": "7952786", "text": "the techniques used to manufacture it. It is now generally regarded as a multiphase material that was produced by heating together quartz sand, a copper compound, calcium carbonate, and a small amount of an alkali (ash from salt-tolerant, halophyte plants or natron) at temperatures ranging between (depending on the amount of alkali used) for several hours. The result is cuprorivaite or Egyptian blue, carbon dioxide, and water vapor: In its final state, Egyptian blue consists of rectangular blue crystals together with unreacted quartz and some glass. From the analysis of a number of samples from Egypt and elsewhere, the weight", "title": "Egyptian blue" }, { "id": "7324300", "text": "around . The diameter of the top entrance ranges typically from (Dean's Blue Hole) to (Great Blue Hole in Belize). Blue holes formed during past ice ages, when sea level was as low as lower than at present. At those times, these formations were targets of the same erosion from rain and chemical weathering common in all limestone-rich terrains; this ended once they were submerged at the end of the ice age. Most blue holes contain freshwater and saltwater. The halocline is the point in these blue holes where the freshwater meets the saltwater and where a corrosive reaction takes", "title": "Blue hole" }, { "id": "11079465", "text": "been sounded and found to be about deep. Water temperature is about throughout the year. Floods and droughts have no effect on temperature or water level. The Blue Hole is fed by a passing underground stream which discharges of water daily into Sandusky Bay to the north, feeding into Lake Erie. The water contains lime, soda, magnesia and iron, and because the Blue Hole is anoxic, it cannot naturally sustain fish. The surrounding terrain is developed on limestone bedrock and exhibits karst topography due to dissolution of the limestone by ground water, creating water-filled sinkholes. The Blue Hole was known", "title": "Blue Hole (Castalia)" }, { "id": "2784075", "text": "Rock flour Rock flour, or glacial flour, consists of fine-grained, silt-sized particles of rock, generated by mechanical grinding of bedrock by glacial erosion or by artificial grinding to a similar size. Because the material is very small, it becomes suspended in meltwater making the water appear cloudy, which is sometimes known as glacial milk. When the sediments enter a river, they turn the river's colour grey, light brown, iridescent blue-green, or milky white. If the river flows into a glacial lake, the lake may appear turquoise in colour as a result. When flows of the flour are extensive, a distinct", "title": "Rock flour" }, { "id": "6313953", "text": "processes related to plate tectonics and is restricted to the upper mantle. According to one of those models, a large chunk of the subducted plate of a former ocean has survived in the uppermost mantle for several hundred million years, and its oceanic crust now causes excessive melt generation and the observed volcanism. This model, however, is not backed by dynamical calculations, nor is it exclusively required by the data, and it also leaves unanswered questions concerning the dynamical and chemical stability of such a body over that long period or the thermal effect of such massive melting. Another model", "title": "Iceland plume" }, { "id": "11252035", "text": "cannot warm above freezing. Frequent cloud cover, exceeding 80% frequency over much of the Arctic Ocean in July, reduces the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface by reflecting much of it before it gets to the surface. Unusual clear periods can lead to increased sea-ice melt or higher temperatures (NSIDC). \"Greenland:\" The interior of Greenland differs from the rest of the Arctic. Low spring and summer cloud frequency and the high elevation, which reduces the amount of solar radiation absorbed or scattered by the atmosphere, combine to give this region the most incoming solar radiation at the surface", "title": "Climate of the Arctic" }, { "id": "6313950", "text": "two to six times higher in the Iceland region than in undisturbed parts of the mid-oceanic ridges, where it is regarded to lie at about 150 parts per million. The presence of such a large amount of water in the source of the lavas would tend to lower its melting point and make it more productive for a given temperature. The north Atlantic is characterized by strong, large-scale anomalies of the gravity field and the geoid. The geoid rises up to 70 m above the geodetic reference ellipsoid in an approximately circular area with a diameter of several hundred kilometers.", "title": "Iceland plume" }, { "id": "4078702", "text": "of meltwater around Greenland is highly sensitive to the glacier grounding line depth it is released at. Retreat of Greenland's large marine-terminating glaciers inland will diminish the fertilizing effect of meltwater- even with further large increases in freshwater discharge volume. Two mechanisms have been utilized to explain the change in velocity of the Greenland Ice Sheets outlet glaciers. The first is the enhanced meltwater effect, which relies on additional surface melting, funneled through moulins reaching the glacier base and reducing the friction through a higher basal water pressure. (It should be noted that not all meltwater is retained in the", "title": "Greenland ice sheet" }, { "id": "2615158", "text": "people the flag's colouring represents a vision of their country's landscape. The colours stand for 3 of the elements that make up the island. Red is the fire produced by the island's volcanoes, white recalls the ice and snow that covers Iceland, and blue is for the ocean and the sky. According to a legend described in Andrew Evans' \"Iceland\", a red cloth with a white cross fell from the heavens, ensuring Danish victory at the Battle of Valdemar in the 13th century. Denmark then used the cross on its flag throughout its territories in Scandinavia as a sign of", "title": "Flag of Iceland" }, { "id": "20957770", "text": "In general, the southern part of the island is warmer, wetter, and windier than the north. The coldest part of the country is the Central Highlands. The low-lying inland areas further north are the driest part but these areas of the country get the heaviest snowfalls in winter. The climate is rendered warmer than other places at similar latitudes by the North Atlantic Current and the coast normally remains free of ice. The flora of Iceland is limited. At one time a well-forested island, the arrival of settlers was followed by the felling of trees for construction and firewood and", "title": "Wildlife of Iceland" }, { "id": "5217465", "text": "Launder attached to direct. Extensive location searches were undertaken before deciding to make the movie in Fiji. Plans to make the film were postponed due to Britain's currency difficulties, but eventually plans were re-activated. The evil traders were invented for this film and are not part of the novel. Jean Simmons was attached to the project at an early stage off the back of her success in \"Great Expectations\" (1946). Donald Houston was selected as the male lead over 5,000 applicants, 100 of whom were screen-tested. The film was shot on location in Fiji, Yasawa Islands, and at Pinewood Studios,", "title": "The Blue Lagoon (1949 film)" }, { "id": "9755176", "text": "ocean waters often appear blue is due to the absorption and scattering of light. The blue wavelengths of light are scattered, similar to the scattering of blue light in the sky but absorption is a much larger factor than scattering for the clear ocean water. In water, absorption is strong in the red and weak in the blue and so red light is absorbed quickly in the ocean leaving blue. Almost all sunlight that enters the ocean is absorbed, except very close to the coast. The red, yellow, and green wavelengths of sunlight are absorbed by water molecules in the", "title": "Ocean color" }, { "id": "4078709", "text": "year on the southeast flank, and less precipitation or none on the 25–80 percent (depending on the time of year) of the island that is cooler. Several factors determine the net rate of growth or decline. These are Explanation of accelerated glacial coastward movement and iceberg calving fails to consider another causal factor: increased weight of the central highland ice sheet. As the central ice sheet thickens, which it has for at least seven decades, its greater weight causes more horizontal outward force at the bedrock. This in turn appears to have increased glacial calving at the coasts. Visual evidence", "title": "Greenland ice sheet" } ]

[ "Parvati Vaze" ]

[ { "id": "20267924", "text": "who is a multimillionaire and the owner of Chopra industries, who is studying in college falls in love with a girl named Jaya (Parvati Vaze). He, however, has lied to Jaya that he is poor (because when his father was in college he had also lied to a girl (Jai's mother) whom he loved and after marriage revealed that he is not poor but rich). After college both decide to get married and go to their parents. Jai has a welcome party for Jaya. Meanwhile, at Jaya's house, Jai learns that her father, Lalit Rao Lokhande (Sharad Ponkshe) abhors the", "title": "Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "20267925", "text": "rich. He devises an elaborate ruse to play the part of a poor man and comes up with a fake mother Miss Monica Malpani, their innocent and boastful neighbour (Rakhee Tandon), fake sister Urmila, a sales girl, (Urmila Tiwari), fake caretaker 'Daima' KK Paramveer Chopra's friend's daughter and his personal assistant (Priya Raina) and his best friend Deepak Tijori (Gaurav Dubey) acts as sage uncle. Jai constructs a fake poor house beside his mansion with different door to enter from one house to another. Jaya, Lokhande and his servant Sudhakar (Amish Tanna) arrive at their house. Lokhande is impressed with", "title": "Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "20267923", "text": "Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo Sajan Re Phir Jhoot Mat Bolo (SRPJMB) (English: \"Do not lie again, honey\") is an Indian sitcom which is being broadcast on SAB TV from 23 May 2017 to 14 September 2018. It is the sequel series of the show \"Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo\". This show stars Hussain Kuwajerwala, Parvati Vaze, Tiku Talsania and Sharad Ponkshe. Rerun of the show started on Sony Pal on 18 June 2018. The show is actor Hussain Kuwajerwala's return to the small screen. Jaiveer Paramveer Chopra (Hussain Kuwajerwala), a wealthy man, son of Paramveer Chopra (Tiku Talsania)", "title": "Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "20267927", "text": "she over hears Jai and KK talk about Jai's companies. Jaya, heartbroken and confused, tries to further investigate the truth. She disguises as a maid and get to know about their secret but Jai gets to know about her disguise and catches her. Jaya reveals herself to the family and leaves. Meanwhile, Lokhande and Sudhakar are in captivity of some tribals. After that Sudhakar has been forcefully made to marry the chief's daughter 'Jimnak Jhimkari' (Shruti Rawat) and are now on their way to the house. Jaya starts packing her bag while Jai tries to stop her but, Jaya falls", "title": "Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "20267928", "text": "from the stairs and becomes unconscious. Jai quickly carries her to a hospital as Lokhande enters. They soon learn that Jaya has amnesia and has left the hospital and is at Lokhande's ashram and has forgotten everything and only remembers events of 2012. Lokhande brings her back to Jai's house and has to lie with Jai's family to Jaya that she is still in the year 2012. The after,Jai tries to convince Jaya into marrying him but she refuses and also refers to Jai as mendhak(frog). But Jai uses Gyanchand Mahabapu (who is none other than Deepak) to convince Jaya", "title": "Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "20267932", "text": "Indian Television Academy Awards Hussain Kuwajerwala-Jaiveer Chopra-Popular Star Male 2018(Nominated) Sajan Re Phir Jhoot Mat Bolo-Best TV & Web Show 2018(Nominated) Zee Gold Awards Rakhee Tandon -Monica Malpani-Popular actress in a comic role Female(Nominated) Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo Sajan Re Phir Jhoot Mat Bolo (SRPJMB) (English: \"Do not lie again, honey\") is an Indian sitcom which is being broadcast on SAB TV from 23 May 2017 to 14 September 2018. It is the sequel series of the show \"Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo\". This show stars Hussain Kuwajerwala, Parvati Vaze, Tiku Talsania and Sharad Ponkshe. Rerun of the", "title": "Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "14364526", "text": "Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo (SRJMB), is a Hindi sitcom telecast on SAB TV. The serial name was based on a famous song \"Sajan re jhoot mat bolo\" from the movie \"Teesri Kasam'. A sequel series, \"Sajan Re Phir Jhoot Mat Bolo\" began airing from 23 May 2017. Apoorva is looking for a job. He lands a job with the Dhirubhai's Global Sanskar Group of Industries. Apoorva meets Aarti (niece of Dhirubhai) and falls in love with her. Apoorva lies to Dhirubhai and Aarti about his family. Raju, Apoorva's best friend, builds up a fake", "title": "Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "20267931", "text": "serious with jaya trying to call the police and get jai arrested. Lokhande unable to tolerate jaya's rudeness and arrogance towards jai gets infuriated and reveals the truth in a shocking climax that jaiveer is her husband and she's the one suffering from memory loss because of which she has misjudged everyone from the past few months.Deepak,urmila,Miss malpani and premchand all convince jaya to approach jai even as she realises her mistakes and reunites with jai.Jai in an attempt to revive her memory decorates his room with all precious moments of the both of them and Jai jaya happily reunite.", "title": "Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "20267929", "text": "to marry Jai. Though Jai tries hard to please her like before jaya is still unwilling to marry jai because of her doubts about jai and his family.In a series of new events however when jaya agrees to marry jaiveer, the plan flops as gyanchand/deepak mistakenly fix the wedding date to be in 2018 when jaya is still living in the year 2012. The plot moves forward with Jai and Jaya sharing a few romantic moments but Lokhande discovers the truth that Jai and his family are rich.Even as a climax arises in which the Chopras are scared that their", "title": "Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "20267930", "text": "truth is finally going to be exposed Jaiveer finds out that the real lokhande has been kidnapped and the plotter is an imposter.The real Lokhande embraces Jai and Jaya thanks him but the web of lies begin again.Meanwhile lokhande is suffering from a sleep related condition that the chopras mistakenly consider to be his death.Jai is shattered to hear his father in law aka Lokhande is now no more but realises their mistaken predicament after Lokhande is himself revived and clears the air about his condition.Later jaya finds out that jai is lying along with deepak and the comedy turns", "title": "Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "20267926", "text": "Jai's family and start to live there. But during there stay the family have to lie a lot to hide their secret. Soon Jai and Jaya are married but during the ceremony Lokhande finds himself in the mansion and gets to know about the lies but when he tries to stop the marriage, he gets hit by a coconut due to Sudhakar's clumsiness and forgets the incident. Now his married life seems to be going okay but Jai still wishes he could tell the truth. One day Lokhande and Sudhakar leave for the forest and Jaya is at home were", "title": "Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "20595690", "text": "Saat Phero Ki Hera Pherie Saat Phero Ki Hera Pherie was an Indian Hindi sitcom having been premiered on SAB TV on 27 February 2018. It is produced by 'Playtime Creationn' production company. The story revolves around the lives of five neighborhood friends, two couples and one bachelor boy. The show was taken off-air on 14th August 2018. it will be replaced by Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo. The story is based on Mr. Bhoopi & Mrs. Neeta Tandon, the couple of 80s, Mr. Parimal & Mrs. Rupal Desai, the couple of 90s, and Goldie Sharma, the modern bachelor.", "title": "Saat Phero Ki Hera Pherie" }, { "id": "14364531", "text": "What follows is a series of attempts by Apoorva to make him believe that doubles do exist in this world. Dhirubhai refuses to accept it but, in the end, as Apoorva was about to unfold the secret of his family, Dhirubhai meets his own look-alike and believes Apoorva. Once again the family is saved from being destroyed. Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo (SRJMB), is a Hindi sitcom telecast on SAB TV. The serial name was based on a famous song \"Sajan re jhoot mat bolo\" from the movie \"Teesri Kasam'. A sequel series, \"Sajan Re", "title": "Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "14364528", "text": "levels of normalcy and are unbelievably rigid. Apoorva was raised in an orphanage and, to get the job in Dhirubhai’s company, lies that he has a full-fledged family in India. Apoorva’s description of his imaginary family makes Dhirubhai fall in love with each and every member. Dhirubhai has a niece Aarti, who is young, beautiful and believes in the same values as her uncle. They both trust Apoorva blindly: He has earned this trust and respect on the basis of his hard work. Over time he has become the Man Friday for Dhirubhai as well as Aarti. Apoorva has also", "title": "Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "14364527", "text": "family. After a month Aarti gets married to Apoorva. It shows how Apoorva and other family members try to hide the truth of this fake family from Dhirubhai and his niece Aarti. \"Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo\" revolves around the humor that comes from situational lies and liars. It is a situational comedy that arises from a small lie that the protagonist, Apoorva, had to tell his employer Dhirubhai Jhaveri to get a job. Dhirubhai is a very successful businessman who hates lies and liars and believes in family bonding and values. His belief in these values at times crosses", "title": "Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "14364529", "text": "developed a liking for Aarti but has refrained from expressing his feelings to her. Dhirubhai fixes Aarti’s marriage but, in a dramatic turn of events, it is called off at the last moment. Dhirubhai decides to marry Aarti with Apoorva. He announces that the marriage will take place in India, in the presence of Apoorva’s family. Apoorva tries to convey the truth to Aarti but realizes that it will break her heart. He asks his best friend Raju to set up his fake family in India before the marriage, which has to take place in a few days. Raju does", "title": "Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "9961133", "text": "also a participant in Khatron Ke Khiladi 2015 and reached the semifinals and also in Nach Baliye.Kuwajerwala made his Bollywood debut in 2013 with the film \"Shree\". In early 2010, Kuwajerwala signed to play in \"Zangoora\" at Kingdom of Dreams, Gurgaon. Kuwajerwala has also appeared in many advertisements over the years and is now featuring in serial \"Sajan Re Phir Jhoot Mat Bolo as Jaiveer Chopra aired on Sab TV. Hussain has been widely appreciated for his good looks and fitness oriented lifestyle and physique. Hussain Kuwajerwala Hussain Kuwajerwala is an Indian television actor, anchor and dancer. After several modeling", "title": "Hussain Kuwajerwala" }, { "id": "15105634", "text": "also working in Mumbai. During this time she realized acting gave her much more creative satisfaction and an ability to live different lives and characters. She is married to actor Bhanu Uday. Shalini Khanna Shalini Khanna (Punjabi: ਸ਼ਾਲਿਨੀ ਖੰਨਾ) is an Indian actress working in TV and Bollywood industry. She debuted with the Hindi soap drama Kutumb, and is mostly known for work of Pallavi in Comedy series Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo. She hails from a Punjabi background. As a part of her summer training, she worked as a copywriter on contract with an advertising firm in Mumbai. She", "title": "Shalini Khanna" }, { "id": "15105633", "text": "Shalini Khanna Shalini Khanna (Punjabi: ਸ਼ਾਲਿਨੀ ਖੰਨਾ) is an Indian actress working in TV and Bollywood industry. She debuted with the Hindi soap drama Kutumb, and is mostly known for work of Pallavi in Comedy series Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo. She hails from a Punjabi background. As a part of her summer training, she worked as a copywriter on contract with an advertising firm in Mumbai. She then worked for Times Of India (Bombay Times) in the marketing department, and also worked with Zee TV as a copywriter. While still a student, she performed theatre work in Bhopal while", "title": "Shalini Khanna" }, { "id": "14364530", "text": "the needful and when Apoorva arrives in India with Dhirubhai and Aarti, he comes face to face with family for the first time. From here starts a non-stop comical journey in which the family members, who are from varied backgrounds, try to find their feet in their new characters and live up to Dhirubhai and Aarti’s expectations.And the fake family never speaks truth to Dhirubhai . In a series of episodes particularly for a Valentine's Day special, the family was shown on a trip to Goa. On the trip, Dhirubhai crashes with Preeti who is roaming around in modern clothes.", "title": "Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo" }, { "id": "13882605", "text": "Ki\". He acted in many successful serials until the very recent \"Uttaran\". He is currently seen in the SAB TV Sitcom \"Sajan Re Phir Jhooth Mat Bolo\". Tiku started his Bollywood career with Rajeev Mehra's \"Pyaar Ke Do Pal\" in 1986. He continued to play his role as comedian in movies such as \"Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin\", \"Umar 55 Ki Dil Bachpan Ka\", \"Bol Radha Bol\", \"Andaz Apna Apna\" and \"Mr. Bechara\" from 1991 to 1996. Breaking from his comedian roles, he donned the cap of a serious character in the movie \"Waqt Hamara Hai\" in 1993. He then", "title": "Tiku Talsania" }, { "id": "15121611", "text": "category for Best Actress in a Comic Role. \"Papad Pol\" ended on 13, September 2011. Trivedi also portrayed the role of \"\"Tulika\"\" in SAB TV's another comedy serial \"Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo\". The show ended on 6 January 2012 after successfully running for 2 years. Trivedi also appeared as a guest in famous dance class show \"Nachle Ve with Saroj Khan\" hosted by Saroj Khan, on 21 December 2011. Since 2012, Trivedi kept a distance from television as she got busy with her marriage and pregnancy until she made a comeback in July 2013 with Zee TV's horror show", "title": "Ami Trivedi" }, { "id": "19139104", "text": "Re Phir Jhoot Mat Bolo\", where she plays the role of Urmila. Marriage Urmila Tiwari Urmila Tiwari (born 31 July in Mumbai) is an Indian stage and television actress. She started her acting career from the age of 14 and was associated with Panorama art theatre and has done many shows in Prithvi and NCPA theaters till her first appearance on TV as an anchor for a game show channel Play TV Her work includes playing the lead role in the TV serial \"Hum Ladkiyaan\", and the role of Neetika Joshi in \"2025 Jaane Kya Hoga Aage\". She is currently", "title": "Urmila Tiwari" }, { "id": "16747240", "text": "Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai is an Indian romcom that was aired on SAB TV. It is a reboot of former comedy series Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo with the cast from the original one. Dhanwantrilal Dhyanchand Dholakia, alias 3D, is entirely against love marriages and has decreed that no member of the family can marry till his beloved unmarried sister Pari, a Music lover, well past middle age, finds her perfect match. Sachin is a simple Marathi guy who loves 3D's niece Dhwani. 3D wants his niece to marry a man who", "title": "Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai" }, { "id": "20418578", "text": "\"Kaanch na Sambandh\", \"Haarkh padudi hansa\", and \"Jantar mantar\". She played a comic role in the SAB TV show \"Sajan Re Jhooth Mat Bolo\" as Usha Aunty. She played a role in Marathi TV show named \"Lagori-Maitri Returns\" which aired on STAR Pravah in 2014. Pradhan appeared in the recent show \"Bahu Hamari Rajni Kant\" as Surili Kant. Currently she is playing the main antagonist role of Uttara Devi Rawat in \"Jiji\" \"Maa\" on Star Bharat. Pallavi Pradhan Pallavi Pradhan is an Indian television and film actress. She has done several TV shows and is known for her roles in", "title": "Pallavi Pradhan" }, { "id": "16747244", "text": "huge reconsideration, dumps his 'guna or quality theory' and endorses everyone will be married with their loved ones. Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai is an Indian romcom that was aired on SAB TV. It is a reboot of former comedy series Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo with the cast from the original one. Dhanwantrilal Dhyanchand Dholakia, alias 3D, is entirely against love marriages and has decreed that no member of the family can marry till his beloved unmarried sister Pari, a Music lover, well past middle age, finds her perfect match. Sachin is", "title": "Golmaal Hai Bhai Sab Golmaal Hai" }, { "id": "19087773", "text": "TV shows like \"The Sword of Tipu Sultan\" and \"The Great Maratha\" in the early 1990s alongside theater work in Jaipur. After marriage, she moved to Mumbai and took a break from her professional career in order to focus to her family. She made a comeback in 2005 and joined a theater group called Yatri and continued to work on more stage projects. She then progressed to television, and was signed for shows like \"Lucky\" and \"Kumkum\". Her first breakthrough roles were playing Mandodari in the epic drama \"Ramayan\", and a major role in the sitcom \"Angrezi Mein Kehte Hain\".", "title": "Jaya Ojha" }, { "id": "3096712", "text": "Thomas Brodie-Sangster Thomas Brodie-Sangster (born 16 May 1990), also credited as Thomas Sangster, is an English actor and former child actor known for playing Sam in \"Love Actually\" (2003), Simon in \"Nanny McPhee\" (2005), Ferb in \"Phineas and Ferb\" (2007-2015), Jojen Reed in \"Game of Thrones\" (2013-2014) and Newt in the \"Maze Runner\" film series (2014-2018). Sangster also grew in popularity for starring in critically acclaimed cult films such as \"Death of a Superhero\" (2011), \"Bright Star\" (2009) and as Paul McCartney in \"Nowhere Boy\" (2009). He also had a cameo appearance in \"\" (2015) and a role as Whitey", "title": "Thomas Brodie-Sangster" }, { "id": "2181036", "text": "Jayaprakash Narayan Jayaprakash Narayan (; 11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), popularly referred to as JP or Lok Nayak (Hindi for The People's Leader), was an Indian independence activist, theorist, communist and political leader, remembered especially for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, for whose overthrow he called a \"total revolution\". His biography, \"Jayaprakash,\" was written by his nationalist friend and an eminent writer of Hindi literature, Ramavriksha Benipuri. In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social work. Other awards include the Magsaysay award for Public", "title": "Jayaprakash Narayan" }, { "id": "18452387", "text": "Sanam Re Sanam Re () is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film directed by Divya Khosla Kumar and produced by Bhushan Kumar, Krishan Kumar and co-produced by Ajay Kapoor. The film features Urvashi Rautela, Pulkit Samrat and Yami Gautam as the lead roles while Rishi Kapoor appears in a crucial supporting role. The film released worldwide on 12 February 2016 on Valentine's Day weekend. Upon release, the film received mixed to negative reviews. The story begins just before New Year is about to set in. Akash works for a private firm in Mumbai and leads a monotonous life. When", "title": "Sanam Re" }, { "id": "5798392", "text": "Hot 100 chart. María Luisa Ramsey was born on March 21, 1970 in Manila, Philippines. Her mother is Elizabeth Ramsey, a Filipino comedian and singer of Jamaican descent. Ramsey's father is Reynaldo Kagahastian, a Filipino. Her parents separated when she was young, while her father migrated to the United States. He now resides in Alberta, Canada. She started show business at the age of ten as a backup dancer of her mother and at the age of 12 she started to be a backup singer and frontacts in some minor and major shows. She began performing solo in 1982, using", "title": "Jaya (singer)" }, { "id": "14783647", "text": "V.I.P and the duo was declared as runner's up of the show. Later, he was the contestant of various seasons of \"Comedy Circus\" like \"Comedy Circus-Chinchpokli To China\", \"Comedy Circus- 20-20\", \"Comedy Circus Ke Superstars\", \"Comedy Circus Ke Tansen\" and more. In the eighth season of the show named \"Comedy Circus- Maha Sangram\", he became victorious along with his partner VIP. Joshi also hosted the comedy show \"Ladies Special\" on Zee TV. He also played a small role in Sab TV’s comedy show \"Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo\". He played the role of Sameer on DD National’s show \"Bajega Band", "title": "Swwapnil Joshi" }, { "id": "8409025", "text": "song \"Bole Re Papihara\", featuring Jaya Bachchan in the lead role, became a talk-of-the-town song and gave her instant recognition. Composed in Miyan Ki Malhar raag, the song showcased her classical prowess and subsequently fetching her many laurels and awards including the Tansen Samman (for best classical-based song in a Hindi film), the Lions International Best Promising Singer award, the All India Cinegoers Association award, and the All India Film-goers Association award for the Best Playback Singer in 1971. She toured entire Maharashtra state accompanying her mentor, Desai, and taught many Marathi songs for school children. She went on to", "title": "Vani Jairam" }, { "id": "4025505", "text": "Jaya Bachchan Jaya Bachchan (\"née\" Bhaduri) also known as Jaya Bhabhi born on April 09, 1948 is an Indian film actress and politician. She is currently the Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha from the Samajwadi Party, notably serving four terms since 2004. She is recognised as one of the finest Hindi film actresses of her time, particularly known for reinforcing a naturalistic style of acting in both mainstream and \"middle-of-the-road\" cinema. During her career, she won nine Filmfare Awards: including three for Best Actress and three for Best Supporting Actress, which makes her the overall most-awarded performer in the", "title": "Jaya Bachchan" }, { "id": "11670512", "text": "Jaya (film) Jaya is a South Indian Tamil film released in 2002 directed by Senthilnathan. Ramya Krishnan plays the title role in 'Jaya' and sharing frames with her is Sherin of 'Thulluvatho Ilamai' fame. Shriman, Ambika, Karunas, Anu Mohan, Madan Bob, Suryakant, Manorama, Vani Viswanath, Trilok and K. Mari Muthu form the supporting cast. Directed by the duo of Ratnaraj-Kalanathan, 'Jaya' is produced by R.C. Venkatadri for Ratna Films. The story centers round the murder of a college student and the hunt for her killer by her friend and senior Jaya. Ramya Krishnan plays Jaya and Sherin plays Preithy, the", "title": "Jaya (film)" }, { "id": "18033397", "text": "Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon (Lit: \"I Wish Yesterday Were Still Tomorrow\" / English: \"Tomorrow Belongs to Me\") is a 2014 Philippine melodrama television series directed by Jerome C. Pobocan and Trina N. Dayrit, the series stars Bea Alonzo in her very first dual role with Paulo Avelino, Maricar Reyes, and Albert Martinez, together with an ensemble cast consisting of Susan Roces, Anita Linda, Eddie Garcia, Tonton Gutierrez, Dina Bonnevie, and Michelle Vito. Based on 1983 film of the same name, courtesy of Viva Films. The series premiered on ABS-CBN's \"Primetime Bida\" evening block and", "title": "Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon" }, { "id": "5159164", "text": "Sanjay Kapoor Sanjay Kapoor (born 17 October 1965) is an Indian film actor and producer. He is known for starring in the Bollywood hit film Raja as Raja and Anant Mathur on Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara that aired on Star Plus. He is the founder and director of Sanjay Kapoor Entertainment Private Limited company with his wife Maheep Sandhu. The debut movie produced by their production house was Tevar. Kapoor was born in 1965 to Nirmal Kapoor and film producer Surinder Kapoor. He has 3 older siblings Boney Kapoor, Anil Kapoor and Reena Marwah. He married his longtime NRI girlfriend", "title": "Sanjay Kapoor" }, { "id": "14037862", "text": "Jhootha Hi Sahi Jhootha Hi Sahi (English: \"Even if it's a lie / False is True\") is a 2010 Indian romantic comedy film co produced and directed by Abbas Tyrewala under the banner of Sa Re Ga Ma. It stars John Abraham, Pakhi Tyrewala, Raghu Ram, Manasi Scott and Alishka Varde in the leads roles. R. Madhavan makes an extended Cameo appearance along with Nandana Sen in a Cameo appearance. It features a successful score and soundtrack by A. R. Rahman. The film is about a suicidal woman, whose \"final\" call mistakenly connects her to a man who gives her", "title": "Jhootha Hi Sahi" }, { "id": "14037873", "text": "of its theatrical run, it had collected 15.6 crore (156 million) worldwide. Jhootha Hi Sahi Jhootha Hi Sahi (English: \"Even if it's a lie / False is True\") is a 2010 Indian romantic comedy film co produced and directed by Abbas Tyrewala under the banner of Sa Re Ga Ma. It stars John Abraham, Pakhi Tyrewala, Raghu Ram, Manasi Scott and Alishka Varde in the leads roles. R. Madhavan makes an extended Cameo appearance along with Nandana Sen in a Cameo appearance. It features a successful score and soundtrack by A. R. Rahman. The film is about a suicidal woman,", "title": "Jhootha Hi Sahi" }, { "id": "16443971", "text": "Deblina Chatterjee Deblina Chatterjee (or Debolina Chatterjee) is an Indian film and television actress. She started her career in the performing industry in 2010 after being cast as Aadu in the Bengali feature \"Ami Aadu\" (2011), marking her film and acting debut. The movie was directed by Somnath Gupta and was screened at the 2011 IFFI (International Film Festival of India). It went on to win the 58th National Film Award for the Best Feature Film in Bengali. In 2012, she made her television debut in the Star Plus show \"Sajda Tere Pyaar Mein\" as Aaliya Hassan. Currently, she is", "title": "Deblina Chatterjee" }, { "id": "18625982", "text": "the film is \"Maine Socha Ki Chura Loon\" released on 23 January 2018. The song \"Rozana\" was gifted to Kunal Kohli by T-Series manager Bhushan Kumar. Kunal Kohli tweeted the theatrical poster of his film on 13 October 2014. It was first time any information about the film was revealed. The first look of the film was also revealed then. The trailer was released through the movie's official Facebook and Twitter accounts and the T-Series YouTube channel on 7 April 2015. Celebrities including Karan Johar, Rishi Kapoor, Gautam Singhania, Farhan Akhtar, Priyanka Chopra, and Uday Chopra among many others tweeted", "title": "Phir Se..." }, { "id": "17511320", "text": "Gautami Kapoor Gautami Kapoor (Born: Gautami Gadgil) is an Indian television and film actress and model. She is well known for playing the role of Jaya in \"Kehta Hai Dil\" on STAR Plus. She also gained popularity playing the lead in TV drama \"Ghar Ek Mandir\" and more recently in \"Parvarrish - Season 2\" on Sony TV. She has also acted in many Marathi Movies. Gautami Kapoor is married to her \"Ghar Ek Mandir\" costar and actor Ram Kapoor. They met on the sets of the TV show \"Ghar Ek Mandir\" and dated for a while before tying the knot", "title": "Gautami Kapoor" }, { "id": "14787267", "text": "Satyamev Jayate (film) Satyamev Jayate () is a 1987 Bollywood action film, directed by Raj N. Sippy, starring Vinod Khanna and Meenakshi Sheshadri in the lead roles. The other cast members include Madhavi, Anita Raj, A. K. Hangal, Renu Joshi, Alankar, Neeta Puri, Saahil Chadha, Satyen Kappu,Sudhir Dalvi, Vinod Mehra, Shakti Kapoor and Anupam Kher. The film is a remake of the Malayalam film \"Aavanazhi\", starring Mammootty. Inspector Arjun Singh (Vinod Khanna) of Mumbai Police has attained the sordid reputation of being one of the most ruthless policemen in India. He is known for his torture and brutality. When a", "title": "Satyamev Jayate (film)" }, { "id": "3096721", "text": "2006 with his mother, Tasha Bertram, \"to create opportunities in the film industry for new British talent; innovative writers, actors and directors.\" The company was dissolved in May 2013. Sangster plays bass guitar, and in January 2010 joined the band Winnet, in which his mother sings the vocals. Thomas Brodie-Sangster Thomas Brodie-Sangster (born 16 May 1990), also credited as Thomas Sangster, is an English actor and former child actor known for playing Sam in \"Love Actually\" (2003), Simon in \"Nanny McPhee\" (2005), Ferb in \"Phineas and Ferb\" (2007-2015), Jojen Reed in \"Game of Thrones\" (2013-2014) and Newt in the \"Maze", "title": "Thomas Brodie-Sangster" }, { "id": "18293477", "text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII – The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson. It is the second installment of the \"Star Wars\" sequel trilogy and the eighth installment of the main \"Star Wars\" film franchise, following \"\" (2015). It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film's ensemble cast includes Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Adam Driver, Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, Andy Serkis, Lupita Nyong'o, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Gwendoline Christie, and", "title": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi" }, { "id": "10242174", "text": "Ram Kapoor Ram Kapoor (राम कपूर) (; born 1 September 1973) is an Indian television and film actor. He gained popularity portraying Jai Walia in the television series \"Kasamh Se\" and the character of Ram Kapoor in \"Bade Achhe Lagte Hain\". He played multiple characters Mamaji / Kunwar Amar Nath Singh (KANS) / Johnny / Balbir in the Bollywood film \"Humshakals\" and hosted the reality show \"Rakhi Ka Swayamwar\", based loosely on \"The Bachelorette\". He won the Indian Telly Awards for best actor, consecutively in 2006, 2007 and 2008. He spent his formative years at the reputed Sherwood College, in", "title": "Ram Kapoor" }, { "id": "18625980", "text": "Phir Se... Phir Se (English: \"Once Again\") is a 2018 Indian romance film, directed by Kunal Kohli and Ajay Bhuyan. Initially slated for 2015 release, the film released after 3 years on video streaming platform Netflix in 2018. The web film stars Kunal Kohli, Jennifer Winget and Sumona Chakravarti. Rajit Kapoor, Dalip Tahil, Kanwaljeet Singh and Sushmita Mukherjee are in supporting roles. This is the first web film of director Kunal Kohli as an actor and the debut web film of Jennifer Winget. The tagline of the film is \"I'm not 40—I'm 18 with 22 years experience.\" The trailer was", "title": "Phir Se..." }, { "id": "6356651", "text": "\"Santhosh Subramaniam\" (2008), \"Thillalangadi\" (2010) and \"Thani Oruvan\" (2015). Ravi's parents are the veteran film editor Mohan and Varalakshmi Mohan; he was born in Tirumangalam, Madurai. He has two siblings; his elder brother Mohan Raja is a film director, with most of his films featuring Ravi in the lead role, while his sister Roja is a dentist. He completed his schooling at Jawahar Vidyalaya in Ashok Nagar, Chennai. He studied dancing under the Bharatnatyam dancer Nalini Balakrishnan and performed his arangetram at the age of 12. After completing his degree in Visual Communication from Loyola College, Chennai, he decided to", "title": "Jayam Ravi" }, { "id": "16413152", "text": "Thoroughly researched covers all aspects touches emotional chord n forces us to reexamine ourselves.\" While film producer Ekta Kapoor proclaimed the show as \"the best show of the decade\", film directors Madhur Bhandarkar and Farhan Akhtar also praised the show commenting that the show brought the \"desired change\" to the small screen and that it is \"a show with a heart\" respectively. Other high personalities who lauded the show included Salman Khan, Dilip Kumar Preity Zinta, Dia Mirza, Boman Irani, Neha Dhupia, Mandira Bedi, Kabir Bedi, Mini Mathur, Kabir Khan, Maria Goretti, Vishal Dadlani, Ken Ghosh, Harsha Bhogle & Pritish", "title": "Satyamev Jayate (TV series)" }, { "id": "18625983", "text": "about the movie and its trailer release. Phir Se... Phir Se (English: \"Once Again\") is a 2018 Indian romance film, directed by Kunal Kohli and Ajay Bhuyan. Initially slated for 2015 release, the film released after 3 years on video streaming platform Netflix in 2018. The web film stars Kunal Kohli, Jennifer Winget and Sumona Chakravarti. Rajit Kapoor, Dalip Tahil, Kanwaljeet Singh and Sushmita Mukherjee are in supporting roles. This is the first web film of director Kunal Kohli as an actor and the debut web film of Jennifer Winget. The tagline of the film is \"I'm not 40—I'm 18", "title": "Phir Se..." }, { "id": "11972531", "text": "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (English: \"A Match Made By God\"), also known as RNBDJ, is a 2008 Indian romantic comedy film written and directed by Aditya Chopra and produced by Yash Chopra and Aditya Chopra under the banner Yash Raj Films. The film stars Shah Rukh Khan and newcomer Anushka Sharma in the lead roles. Khan plays a mild-mannered office worker named Surinder Sahni, whose love for the beautiful and vivacious Taani (Anushka Sharma) causes him to transform himself into the loud and fun-loving \"Raj\" to win her love. It was released worldwide on", "title": "Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi" }, { "id": "5798394", "text": "attended John Marshall High School in Los Angeles, which at the time already had a large Filipino-American student population. She ran away from home in 1988 after finishing high school, moving to New York with a friend and landing a job as a backup vocalist for Stevie B's group of musicians. Ramsey was re-christened \"Jaya\" in 1989 by her American producer after signing a record deal in the United States. After one year, Jaya moved to Florida, where she was offered to be a ghost-singer for an album but after listening to her voice, the management decided to do the", "title": "Jaya (singer)" }, { "id": "17511321", "text": "on Valentines Day in 2003. They have two children, daughter Sia and son Aks. Gautami Kapoor Gautami Kapoor (Born: Gautami Gadgil) is an Indian television and film actress and model. She is well known for playing the role of Jaya in \"Kehta Hai Dil\" on STAR Plus. She also gained popularity playing the lead in TV drama \"Ghar Ek Mandir\" and more recently in \"Parvarrish - Season 2\" on Sony TV. She has also acted in many Marathi Movies. Gautami Kapoor is married to her \"Ghar Ek Mandir\" costar and actor Ram Kapoor. They met on the sets of the", "title": "Gautami Kapoor" }, { "id": "16755017", "text": "Jayati Bhatia Jayati Bhatia is a television actress, who was born in 1970. She acted in serials like \"Itihaas\", \"Kanyadaan\", \"Kutumb\", \"Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii\" and \"Jassi Jaisi Koi Nahi\". Apart from television and films, she also does theatre plays. She has played Kirron Kher's daughter in the serial \"Kanyadaan\". She gave notable performance in the play \"Mad about Money\". She has been crowned the \"Kitchen Champion\" of Season 4 and also been the contestant of \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5\". She played the Main Supporting Role of Nirmala Devi Kumud Bharadwaj / Mataji, the Most Senior Member of the Bharadwaj", "title": "Jayati Bhatia" }, { "id": "9089149", "text": "collaboration with Shakib Khan. Filming began on 4 August 2012 and was wrapped-up by June 2013. The film released on 16 October 2013 of Eid al-Adha. On its release, the film received positive reviews and was a huge box office success. The original production team announced plans to make a sequel titled, \"Purno Doirgho Prem Kahini 2\". It retained the leads Shakib Khan and Ahsan while Mamnun Hasan Emon and Mousumi Hamid are new additions to the cast. The movie released in October 2015. Ahsan began working in an action-science-fiction film titled \"Parle Theka,\" directed by Samurai Maruf in 2013-14", "title": "Jaya Ahsan" }, { "id": "10933418", "text": "their parts. The trade experts said the film was just being released for the sake of making a quick buck. This film was a box office disaster. Dushant (Shah Rukh Khan), Jaya (Raveena Tandon), Sujit (Mohnish Behl) and Nisha (Navneet Nishan) are childhood friends. Dushant aspires to become a successful singer but has little money. Jaya helps him to realize his ambitions. As Dushant achieves success, a rift is created between the two of them. Sujit and Nisha take undue advantage of this to get close to Dushant and create a misunderstanding between him and Jaya. Kamlesh Dhingra (Avtar Gill),", "title": "Yeh Lamhe Judaai Ke" }, { "id": "20689203", "text": "Satyameva Jayate (2018 film) Satyameva Jayate ( Truth alone triumphs; ) is a 2018 Indian vigilante action film directed by Milap Milan Zaveri. The film features John Abraham and Manoj Bajpayee in lead roles. It is the second collaboration between Abraham and Bajpayee who previously appeared together on screen in Shootout at Wadala. It was released on 15 August 2018 along with Akshay Kumar's film \"Gold\". The shooting for the film began on 5 March 2018 and it premiered on 5 April 2018. The official trailer for the film was released on 28 June 2018. The film was released on", "title": "Satyameva Jayate (2018 film)" }, { "id": "14787269", "text": "However, he is abandoned by his lover Vidya (Anita Raj) and a determined Pooja (Madhvi) is doing all she can to bring justice to her brother's murder. Arjun finds solace in alcoholism and a prostitute, Seema (Meenaskhi Sheshadri). Satyamev Jayate (film) Satyamev Jayate () is a 1987 Bollywood action film, directed by Raj N. Sippy, starring Vinod Khanna and Meenakshi Sheshadri in the lead roles. The other cast members include Madhavi, Anita Raj, A. K. Hangal, Renu Joshi, Alankar, Neeta Puri, Saahil Chadha, Satyen Kappu,Sudhir Dalvi, Vinod Mehra, Shakti Kapoor and Anupam Kher. The film is a remake of the", "title": "Satyamev Jayate (film)" }, { "id": "17599304", "text": "This web series is based on the classic novel little women by Louisa May Alcott into modern day tale of Kashmir & Parul has essayed the role of Jo March . Parul Gulati Parul Gulati (, ) is a Rohtak born Indian actress who primarily appears in Punjabi films. She is a trained actor who has studied at Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), London. Gulati has appeared as lead actress in Punjabi films \"Burraahh\" (2012), \"Romeo Ranjha\" (2014) and \"Zorawar\" (2016). \" In (2017) Gulati appeared in the TV series \"P.O.W.- Bandi Yuddh Ke\", and \"Haq Se\" (2018) Web", "title": "Parul Gulati" }, { "id": "14198654", "text": "Sushma Shrestha Poornima Shrestha ( born c. 1960), also known as Sushma Shrestha, is a noted Bollywood playback singer who has sung many superhit songs in Indian music industries. Sushma started her career as a child singer in Ramesh Sippy's 1971 film \"Andaz\". In that film, she sang under the music direction of Shankar Jaikishan the song \"Hai Na Bolo Bolo\" along with Mohammed Rafi, Suman Kalyanpur and Pratibha. The song went on to become a hit. She sang numerous Nepali songs; the most popular one is from the 1980 Nepali movie \"Sindoor\", 'Ali Ali Haar Ho'. She is mostly", "title": "Sushma Shrestha" }, { "id": "13794054", "text": "to get married with an Indian lad. However, Anna is deeply involved in a platonic relationship with a half-British boy Harry. Anna's brother, Sid (Tota Roy Choudhury) is in a relationship with a British girl and wants to marry her. However, his father refuses to let him marry her and which makes Sid choose to leave his parents' home. Meanwhile, Anna's father manages to bring his wife and daughter to India where he can find a suitable groom for his daughter. They meet Raj, a quintessential charming Bengali lad who falls in love with Anna and their marriage is finalized", "title": "Paran Jai Jaliya Re" }, { "id": "20561713", "text": "as the Best Child Actor. Otherside, Mohit Malik has won the Stellar Performer of the Year award for his exhibiting role. Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala () is an Indian musical television series, which premiered on 19 March 2018 and airs on StarPlus and Hotstar. The show is produced by Gul Khan, Karishma Jain, Nilanjana Purkayastha and Herumb Khot, directed by Pradeep Yadav, Yashraj Shukla, written by Sahana Bajpaie and Faizal Aziz and features an ensemble cast including Aakriti Sharma, Mohit Malik, Anjali Anand, Myra Singh, Vishal Aditya Singh and Shruti Sharma. The soundtrack is composed by Sargam Jassu", "title": "Kullfi Kumarr Bajewala" }, { "id": "5798406", "text": "the songs were presented with new arrangements in various musical genres. The first single was \"Is It Over?\" originally sung by Ronnie Milsap which received Platinum award in 2009. After her Platinum Record solo album, \"Cool Change, \" Ramsey released her ninth studio album entitled, \"Real.Love.Stories.\" It contains 14 love songs carefully picked and beautifully revived by the Philippine's Queen of Soul, such as Breathe Again originally sung by Toni Braxton; Old Friend by Phyllis Hyman and Save the Best For Last by Vanessa Williams. The concept album will be released initially on a limited edition micro secure digital format", "title": "Jaya (singer)" }, { "id": "6660051", "text": "Jaya Prada Jaya Prada (born 3 April 1962) is an Indian film actress and politician. Jaya Prada is the recipient of three Filmfare Awards South and has starred in many Telugu, Tamil, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali and Marathi films. She was one of the most successful actresses and ruled the silver screen in the late 1970s,1980s and early 1990s in both Hindi and South Indian films. She left the film industry at the peak of her career, as she joined the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) in 1994 and entered politics. She was a Member of Parliament (MP) from Rampur from", "title": "Jaya Prada" }, { "id": "9089150", "text": "but the director stopped filming. The film became a much anticipated film of the year for a video song called \"Jongoler Daak\" which created a buzz in the media when the work for the movie began few years ago. The shooting began near the end of 2012 but by 2015 shooting was not completed. In 2015, sshooting for the film began again but this time with the title \"Mesidona\". After a one-year break \"Zero Degree\" was her next venture. The film is a psychological thriller written and directed by Animesh Aich and was released on 15 January 2015. It was", "title": "Jaya Ahsan" }, { "id": "20170615", "text": "and abusive. Priya's ex-lover Sanket Sharma takes up a job in Vikrant's office with a fake identity as Aniket. He swears to Priya that he will save her from Vikrant. In love with Sanchi, Veer is about to propose to her when he discovers Sanchi is actually Jaya's daughter. Sanchi is suspended but gets her licence back. While Sanchi tries to send Anand to jail, Savitri wakes up and while a battle ensues in court, Jaya and Savitri's friendship suffers. Anand wins the case and as a frustrated Jaya tries to shoot him, she mistakenly shoots at Savitri. As Jaya", "title": "Savitri Devi College & Hospital" }, { "id": "8264820", "text": "Biswajit Chatterjee Biswajit (full name Biswajit Ranjitkumar Chatterjee) is a Bengali/Hindi actor. He was born in Calcutta, West Bengal and later went to Bombay to do Hindi films. After films in Calcutta including \"Mayamrigo\" (1960) and \"Dui Bhai\" (1961), Biswajit relocated to Bombay. In 1962, he performed in the film \"Bees Saal Baad\", which was followed by \"Kohraa\", \"Bin Badal Barsat\", \"Majboor\", \"Kaise Kahoon\" and \"Paisa Ya Pyaar\". His filmography includes \"Mere Sanam\" (1965), \"Shehnai\", \"Aasra\" (1964), \"Night in London\", \"Yeh Raat Phir Naa Aaygi\" (1966), \"April Fool\" (1964), \"Kismat\" (1968), \"Do Kaliyan\" (1968), \"Ishq Par Zor Nahin\" and \"Sharaarat\"", "title": "Biswajit Chatterjee" }, { "id": "6089795", "text": "and she is devastated. Meanwhile unknown to Sakshi and Bhanwarlal, Vicky is alive and reaches Manali where he is constantly confused for Rohit. On discovering Rohit's wealth Vicky realizes that he has hit the jackpot and decides to play along. Soon Rohit's dad, Pratap Verma (Vikram Gokhale), arrives home to find Vicky in his bed. Vicky tries to trick Pratap Verma, but he already knows that Rohit is dead. He convinces Vicky to pose as Rohit for the sake of his daughter-in-law, Neha (Madhuri Dixit) who is in denial/shock to the fact that her husband died on the same day", "title": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke" }, { "id": "3668416", "text": "Amrita Rao Amrita Rao ( is an Indian film actress and model. She has appeared as the leading lady in several Hindi films of Bollywood and one movie in Telugu. Rao was born and raised in Mumbai; she made her screen debut in \"Ab Ke Baras\" (2002), for which she was nominated for the Filmfare Best Female Debut Award in 2003. One of her most popular roles was in the romance film \"Vivah\" (2006). Rao's roles in \"Welcome to Sajjanpur\" (2008) and \"Main Hoon Na\" (2004) earned her a Stardust Best Actress Award and a Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award", "title": "Amrita Rao" }, { "id": "10942836", "text": "guitarist and fan of the fictional band Sex Bob-omb. In 2011, he was cast in a supporting role for the Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum led comedy \"21 Jump Street\" (2012). The film opened at South by Southwest on March 12, and was released theatrically on March 16, 2012. Also in 2012, Simmons co-starred as the closeted quarterback Brad Hayes, alongside Logan Lerman, Emma Watson, and Ezra Miller, in the teen drama \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\". The film is an adaptation of the Stephen Chbosky novel of the same name. In February 2013, he was cast in The", "title": "Johnny Simmons" }, { "id": "9898298", "text": "Jacqueline Fernandez Jacqueline Fernandez (born 11 August 1985) is a Sri Lankan actress, former model, and the winner of the Miss Universe Sri Lanka pageant of 2006. In 2009 she started her career in Bollywood with the movie Aladin and since then has made a place in Bollywood. Jacqueline is also known as the Jacq of hearts in India. Born into a multiracial family of Canadian, Sri Lankan, and Malaysian descent, Fernandez was raised in Bahrain. After graduating in mass communication from the University of Sydney and working as a television reporter in Sri Lanka, she joined the modeling industry.", "title": "Jacqueline Fernandez" }, { "id": "15198907", "text": "indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". The lead cast also received positive notices. Ian Buckwalter of \"The Atlantic\" said \"The primary trio of actors delivers outstanding performances, starting with Watson, who sheds the memory of a decade playing Hermione in the \"Harry Potter\" series with an about-face as a flirtatious but insecure free spirit. Miller also plays against his most recent performance, which was as the tightly wound eponymous teenage psychopath in \"We Need to Talk About Kevin\", to deliver a giddy, scene-stealing turn as Patrick. Lerman, best known from the \"Percy Jackson\" series, shines as Charlie, a role that demands he", "title": "The Perks of Being a Wallflower (film)" }, { "id": "19153936", "text": "Seraph Sun Seraphine Sng Sin Pei (; 30 December 1988), better known as Seraph Sun, is a Mediacorp actress. She prominently a full-time Mediacorp artiste from 2013 to 2017. She is best known for winning the \"Ms Popularity\" title in \"S.N.A.P.\" in 2012, and starring in dramas such as Peace & Prosperity and films such as \"Miss J Contemplates Her Choice\". Sun graduated with Honours in Sociology from National University of Singapore. She had been acting in numerous school plays, and started part-time modelling with Upfront Models during her university days. She is effectively trilingual and studied in Osaka, Japan.", "title": "Seraph Sun" }, { "id": "19087772", "text": "Jaya Ojha Jaya Ojha is an Indian film, stage and television actress and singer known for her work in Indian soap operas. She is widely remembered for her role as Mandodari in the 2000s epic TV series \"Ramayan\". She played a supporting role in the long-running soap opera \"Saath Nibhaana Saathiya\" on channel Star Plus. She played the role of Malti in \"Badho Bahu.\" Jaya did her graduation from Jaipur and during her studies she developed an interest in music and acting. She completed her Masters in Hindustani vocal music. While completing her studies, she worked in a couple of", "title": "Jaya Ojha" }, { "id": "16755019", "text": "was pulled off-air to revamp the Channel. Jayati Bhatia Jayati Bhatia is a television actress, who was born in 1970. She acted in serials like \"Itihaas\", \"Kanyadaan\", \"Kutumb\", \"Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii\" and \"Jassi Jaisi Koi Nahi\". Apart from television and films, she also does theatre plays. She has played Kirron Kher's daughter in the serial \"Kanyadaan\". She gave notable performance in the play \"Mad about Money\". She has been crowned the \"Kitchen Champion\" of Season 4 and also been the contestant of \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 5\". She played the Main Supporting Role of Nirmala Devi Kumud Bharadwaj / Mataji,", "title": "Jayati Bhatia" }, { "id": "20487803", "text": "Jayam (1999 film) Jayam is a 1999 Tamil horror film directed and produced by the duo Ravi-Raja, making their directorial debut. The film features Sangita, Mansoor Ali Khan, Ishaq Hussaini and Vichithra in lead roles, with Bhavana, Ragul, Rocky, Karikalan, Shanmugasundaram and Vadivukkarasi playing supporting roles. The film had musical score by Pradeep Ravi and was released on 15 October 1999. The Tamil Nadu police are looking for professor Saamy (Rocky), a lunatic scientist who committed multiple terrorist attacks in Tamil Nadu. The inspector of Police Rathnam (Suryakanth), also an informer, informs each stage of the investigation to professor Saamy,", "title": "Jayam (1999 film)" }, { "id": "20487799", "text": "Jayam (1999 film) Jayam is a 1999 Tamil horror film directed and produced by the duo Ravi-Raja, making their directorial debut. The film features Sangita, Mansoor Ali Khan, Ishaq Hussaini and Vichithra in lead roles, with Bhavana, Ragul, Rocky, Karikalan, Shanmugasundaram and Vadivukkarasi playing supporting roles. The film had musical score by Pradeep Ravi and was released on 15 October 1999. The Tamil Nadu police are looking for professor Saamy (Rocky), a lunatic scientist who committed multiple terrorist attacks in Tamil Nadu. The inspector of Police Rathnam (Suryakanth), also an informer, informs each stage of the investigation to professor Saamy,", "title": "Jayam (1999 film)" }, { "id": "11670513", "text": "murdered girl. A set resembling a college auditorium was erected at a cost of about Rs. 10 lakhs at a studio in Chennai. It was a college scene, celebrating the International Women's day, that was shot. The variety programme had a dance item by Jaya, Preithy and gang. Jaya (film) Jaya is a South Indian Tamil film released in 2002 directed by Senthilnathan. Ramya Krishnan plays the title role in 'Jaya' and sharing frames with her is Sherin of 'Thulluvatho Ilamai' fame. Shriman, Ambika, Karunas, Anu Mohan, Madan Bob, Suryakant, Manorama, Vani Viswanath, Trilok and K. Mari Muthu form the", "title": "Jaya (film)" }, { "id": "12511178", "text": "\"So Happy Together\". He portrayed the minor role of Brent, a young man who later became Kris Aquino's love interest in the movie. In summer 2005, he was cast on another episode of \"Love to Love\", entitled \"Haunted Lovehouse\". He played Bogart, a guy who inherited his grandfather's land. Unfortunately, Nadia (Chynna Ortaleza) built a house on his land, forcing them to share the house together. He later starred on a feature film, \"Hari ng Sablay\", which was released on November 30, 2005. Before the year ended, he played the antagonist role of Haring Bagulbol on \"\". The film was", "title": "Jay R" }, { "id": "17382418", "text": "to his Punjabi film debut, \"Heer & Hero\", which is currently under production. Manoj Pahwa Manoj Pahwa (born 1 September 1963) is an Indian film and television actor who is noted for his role as Bhatia in the comedy series \"Office Office\" (2001). He has acted in over 45 films as a character actor, including \"7½ Phere\" (2005), \"Being Cyrus\" (2005), \"Singh Is Kinng\" (2008), \"Dabangg 2\" (2012), \"Jolly LLB\" (2013) , \"Dil Dhadakne Do\" (2015) and \"Mulk\" (2018). Manoj Pahwa was raised in a Punjabi family in Delhi. His father migrated to Punjab, India after Partition. He did his", "title": "Manoj Pahwa" }, { "id": "16972729", "text": "the role of Sita, a household name. Lata Mangeshkar sang two of the most top-class semi-classical songs in this movie, namely \"San Sanan, Sanan, Sanana, Ja Re O Pawan\" and \"Badalon Barso Nayan Ki Or Se\", which are still very popular. Films music was by Vasant Desai and lyrics by Bharat Vyas Sampoorna Ramayana Sampoorna Ramayana (English: \"The Complete Ramayana\") is a 1961 Hindi language Indian mythological film directed by Babubhai Mistry, based on the Hindu epic \"Ramayana\" by Valmiki, starring Mahipal and Anita Guha as Rama and Sita respectively. The film was a box office hit, and became a", "title": "Sampoorna Ramayana" }, { "id": "6660053", "text": "cinema. So much so, that even the reticent cinematic maestro Satyajit Ray is said to have called her “the most beautiful face on the Indian screen\". Jaya Prada was born as Lalita Rani in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh. Her father, Krishna Rao, was a Telugu film financier. Her mother, Neelaveni, was a home-maker. The young Lalitha attended a Telugu medium school in Rajahmundry and was also enrolled in dance and music classes at an early age. When Jaya Prada was 14 years old, she performed a dance at her school's annual function. A film director in the audience offered her a", "title": "Jaya Prada" }, { "id": "13839449", "text": "Duniya\", where he played the lead role, apart from \"Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi\" (1984) and \"Nukkad\". He has also acted for more than 40 years in over 30 plays, many of them jubilee hits, including \"Bakri\", \"Moteram Ka Satyagrah\", \"Shatranj Ke Mohre\", \"Ek Aur Dronacharya\" and \"Chakkar Pe Chakkar\". One of his serials is \"Bharat Ek Khoj\", based upon Pt. Nehru's \"Discovery of India\", wherein he played various roles. He was born and brought up in Calcutta (now Kolkata), into a family from Uttar Pradesh and his father was a respected banker with Allahabad Bank. Anjan did his B.Com. and", "title": "Aanjjan Srivastav" }, { "id": "17700627", "text": "Urvashi Rautela Urvashi Rautela (born 25 February 1994) is an Indian film actress and Supermodel who predominantly appears in Bollywood films. Rautela was crowned Miss Diva - 2015 and represented India at the Miss Universe 2015 pageant. She made her Bollywood debut with \"Singh Saab the Great\" (2013) and appeared in films like \"Sanam Re\" (2016), \"Great Grand Masti\" (2016) and \"Hate Story 4\" (2018). Urvashi Rautela was born in Kotdwara, Uttarakhand on 25 February 1994 to Meera Rautela and Manwar Singh Rautela, both of whom are engaged in business. Her brother Yashraj Rautela is a pilot. Born and brought", "title": "Urvashi Rautela" }, { "id": "20579728", "text": "Sajjan Singh Rangroot Sajjan Singh Rangroot is a 2018 Indian war drama film directed by Pankaj Batra. photography done by shonki singh. It stars Diljit Dosanjh, Yograj Singh and Sunanda Sharma. The movie is based on a true story about the experiences of Sikh soldiers of the British Indian Army fighting on the Western Front during World War I. The movie was released on 23 March 2018. On release, film got positive reviews from both critics and audience.The movie is expected to be dubbed into Hindi and English. Sajjan Singh Rangroot is eighth highest Punjabi grossing film of all time", "title": "Sajjan Singh Rangroot" }, { "id": "19318854", "text": "Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki (Swear by your love) was an Indian Hindi romantic television series. Kratika Sengar and Sharad Malhotra play the roles of Tanu/Tanuja/Kratika and Rishi/Ranbir respectively. The show went off air on 27 July 2018. It is the story of two childhood friends Rishi and Tanushree, who grow up separately but are destined to be together as star-crossed lovers till Eternity. After 17 years, Rishi marries Tanushree but she is shot to death. She is reincarnated as Tanuja. Both Rishi & Tanuja die in a car accident and were reborn as Ranbir & Kritika", "title": "Kasam Tere Pyaar Ki" }, { "id": "668177", "text": "roles as Senator Bail Organa, Chewbacca, Sio Bibble, Jar Jar Binks, Boss Nass, Nute Gunray and Ki-Adi-Mundi, respectively from the previous films. Joel Edgerton and Bonnie Piesse also reprise their roles as Owen Lars and Beru Lars, respectively from \"Attack of the Clones\". Sound engineer Matthew Wood provides the voice of General Grievous, the fearsome cyborg commander of the Separatists' droid army; Temuera Morrison portrays the Clone Troopers and Commander Cody, who are clones of the bounty hunter, Jango Fett; Bruce Spence portrays Tion Medon, local administrator of Utapau; Jeremy Bulloch, who played Boba Fett in \"The Empire Strikes Back\"", "title": "Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith" }, { "id": "17969751", "text": "S/O Satyamurthy S/O Satyamurthy (read as \"Son of Satyamurthy\") is a 2015 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by Trivikram Srinivas and produced by S. Radha Krishna for Haarika & Haasine Creations. It features an ensemble cast of Allu Arjun, Upendra, Samantha Ruth Prabhu, Sneha, Adah Sharma, Nithya Menen, Rajendra Prasad, Brahmanandam and Ali. Prakash Raj makes a cameo appearance as Satyamurthy. The film revolves around three characters; the first follows his heart, the second uses his brain and the third uses his brawn. The first is Viraj Anand, the son of a billionaire named Satyamurthy, who gives his money to", "title": "S/O Satyamurthy" }, { "id": "19762254", "text": "joins as a maid in Jaya's house to spend time with Jaya and her grandson. After some time, Jaya gets to know that the maid is none other than her mother-in-law and feels bad for treating her as a maid. Bava & Jaya's Nepali Boss Rekha (who is known for her hilarious Malapropisms, much to the discomfort of her colleagues), a kind-hearted lady, concots a plan to rid of Bava's stinginess leading to a situation where Bava is admitted to the hospital and he is made to believe that he has an incurable brain tumor and very little time to", "title": "Edurmaneli Ganda Pakkadmaneli Hendthi" }, { "id": "9089153", "text": "to begin from November 2015 and the entire shoot took place in the hilly areas. Ahsan is also a singer and took diploma courses in Indian classical music and Rabindra Sangeet. She did playback in several films, such as \"Tomer Khola Hawa\" in \"Dubshatar\" and \"Jongoler Daak\" in \"Mesidona\". Besides media, she is also good at crafting and painting, which she demonstrated in art house productions like \"Anechy Shurjer Hashi\". She was chosen to be a brand ambassador for USAID (US Agency for International Development) to help women and children. National Film Awards Meril Prothom Alo Awards Filmfare Awards East", "title": "Jaya Ahsan" }, { "id": "18241532", "text": "start the regular shooting in early November 2014. In early November 2016, the filming was announced to start in December 2016 once Sreenivas undergoes the transformation envisioned by Boyapati Srinu. The principal photography began in mid-November 2016. After a much delay of two years the shooting commenced in November 2016. It released on 11 August 2017. The film was also dubbed into Hindi as \"Khoonkhar\" and premiered on Zee Cinema on 7 July 2018. Jaya Janaki Nayaka Jaya Janaki Nayaka is a 2017 Telugu romantic action film, produced by M. Ravinder Reddy on Dwaraka Creations banner and directed by Boyapati", "title": "Jaya Janaki Nayaka" }, { "id": "20438406", "text": "and Lawson Entertainment. Initially, Mamta Mohandas was cast as the female lead paired opposite Prithviraj Sukumaran, but was replaced by Isha Talwar as the former was unable to allocate dates due to her prior commitment for \"Carbon\". The film's schedule was postponed following certain technical issues. Tamil Actors Sampath Raj and Ashwin K. Kumar was confirmed by director on March 2017. Malayalam actor Rahman replaced actor Sampath in the role and had joined the cast on October 2017. The filming began in Atlanta, Georgia on 22 August 2017. Later the crew shifted to Augusta, Georgia and Detroit, Michigan to shoot", "title": "Ranam (2018 film)" }, { "id": "16142856", "text": "Jaya Madhavan Jaya Madhavan (born 1 October 1972) is an Indian author, \"The New Indian Express\" columnist and comic creator. She is a winner of The Children's Book Trust's All India Competition for Writers of Children's Books. Jaya Madhavan was born in Madras, India, to Narayanswamy and Visalam. She is the second of four siblings (one of whom is film-maker Karthik Ganesh, and another her co-author for Antidep). She is married to Carnatic musician Madhavan Gopalarathnam, and has two children. She currently resides in Chennai. She is the granddaughter of Seetha doraiswamy. Her first novel, \"Sita and the Forest Bandits\",", "title": "Jaya Madhavan" }, { "id": "13749749", "text": "Duniya Vijay Vijay Kumar, known professionally as Duniya Vijay, is an Indian actor who appears in Kannada films. He started off as a junior film artist in the industry playing small roles, before he got his big break in \"Duniya\" (2007). He is noted for his performances in films such as \"Chanda\" (2007), \"Junglee\" (2009), \"Johny Mera Naam Preethi Mera Kaam\" (2011) and \"Jayammana Maga\" (2013). Vijay's net worth was according to the \"Forbes\" list in 2018. Vijay started off with a role in Yograj Bhat's \"Ranga SSLC\" with Sudeep. He then acted in films like \"Jogi\", \"Shree\" and \"Ee", "title": "Duniya Vijay" }, { "id": "20487800", "text": "thus Saamy managed to escape from the police each time. The commissioner of Police Sankar (Raviraj) who handles the case, calls in Anand (Mansoor Ali Khan) and Vijay (Ishaq Hussaini) to find and arrest Saamy. In the past, Anand and Vijay arrested Saamy but he was eventually released because of his political influence. Saamy then kills Rathnam in his lab for an experiment, but the experiment went horribly wrong and Saamy dies on the spot. The story shifts to a remote village where the villagers are mysteriously killed. Durga (Sangita) is a goddess believer and she is cherished by the", "title": "Jayam (1999 film)" }, { "id": "19215977", "text": "Kamal Rai is reunite this entire wealth is the sole aim of Mohit's life. To achieve this, he successfully wins the heart of Tejal (Jaya Prada) who is the daughter of Kamal Rai. Rohit becomes a formidable obstacle between the two lovers & wants to eliminate Mohit. During this tense drama of vengeance, Vinny gets killed at the hands of Rohit and Mohit kills Romu. Sone Ki Lanka Sone Ki Lanka (English: Golden Island; Hindi: सोने की लंका) is a 1992 Bollywood Action film, produced by Rajendra Patel on R.S.Films banner and directed by Ajay Kashyap. Starring Jeetendra, Jayapradha, Chunky", "title": "Sone Ki Lanka" }, { "id": "19526485", "text": "& 8, USJ 9 & USJ 10, USJ 11, USJ 12, USJ 13, USJ 14 & 15, SS 19/2 - SS 19/5, SS 19/6 - SS 19/19. 2016–present: The constituency contains the polling districts of PJS 7 Bandar Sunway, SS 12, SS 15, SS 16 & SS 17, SS 19/1, SS 18, SS 14/1-4, SS 13, USJ 1, USJ 2/1-4, USJ 3, USJ 4, USJ 5, USJ 6, USJ 7 & 8, USJ 9 & USJ 10, USJ 11, USJ 12, USJ 13, USJ 14 & 15, SS 19/2 - SS 19/5, SS 19/6 - SS 19/19, PJS 9 &", "title": "Subang Jaya (state constituency)" }, { "id": "19971641", "text": "Katyayani Sharma Katyayani Sharma (also known as Renu Sharma) is an Indian film actress and model from Punjab. She started her career at a very early age, as a character of a rich girl 'Natasha' in Karam Apna Apna on Star Plus. She also starred as a lead actress in Sajan Ghar Jaana Hai on Star Plus. After then got a chance for \"Sathiya\" as a lead character, but she had to refuse that show, for a Tamil movie Parvathipuram in 2010. She made her foray on the Tollywood in 2011 as a lead actress with Bhanu Chander's son, Jayanth", "title": "Katyayani Sharma" }, { "id": "17499375", "text": "end of 2013 she appeared in her new music video \"Jhoota\" with young-rapper Arbaz Khan, released on 31 December 2013. In 2014 she acted in a film directed by \"Vipin Sharma\". In 2015, she has featured in a song \"Piya Re\" with Furqan and Imran by paying the tribute to Adnan Sami Khan's song \"Bheegi Bheegi Raaton Mein\". As of 2017, she is playing a supporting character in Geo Kahani's series \"Naagin.\" She will be seen in upcoming romance-thriller film \"Tum Hi To Ho\" opposite Danish Taimoor. Mathira married Punjabi singer Farran J Mirza (also known as Flint J) in", "title": "Mathira" }, { "id": "15018807", "text": "Sanam Teri Kasam (2009 film) Sanam Teri Kasam is a 2009, Indian romantic drama film directed by Lawrence D'Souza and starring Saif Ali Khan, Pooja Bhatt, Atul Agnihotri and Sheeba Akashdeep. The film was released in 2009, although it was produced in 1994. A long legal battle canned it for the next fifteen years, from 1994 to 2009. The film was previously titled \"Sambandh\" and \"Yeh Pyar Hi To Hai\". The audio cassettes were released as \"Sambandh\". Vijay Verma (Saif Ali Khan) is a rich and selfish playboy who enjoys playing with women by giving a fake name to every", "title": "Sanam Teri Kasam (2009 film)" } ]

[ "The Refreshments" ]

[ { "id": "5091818", "text": "The Refreshments (U.S. band) The Refreshments were an alternative rock band from Tempe, Arizona. The band is best known for the single \"Banditos\" from their 1996 breakthrough album \"Fizzy Fuzzy Big & Buzzy\", and also for \"Yahoos and Triangles\", the theme song to the long-running animated series \"King of the Hill\". The latter was a piece the band traditionally performed at soundchecks. The Refreshments disbanded in 1998, although Roger Clyne and P.H. Naffah continue to tour and play Refreshments songs along with new music as Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers. Originally The Mortals in 1992, Roger Clyne and Dustin \"Dusty\"", "title": "The Refreshments (U.S. band)" }, { "id": "5091828", "text": "within the band and the music industry that led to their sudden end. The Refreshments (U.S. band) The Refreshments were an alternative rock band from Tempe, Arizona. The band is best known for the single \"Banditos\" from their 1996 breakthrough album \"Fizzy Fuzzy Big & Buzzy\", and also for \"Yahoos and Triangles\", the theme song to the long-running animated series \"King of the Hill\". The latter was a piece the band traditionally performed at soundchecks. The Refreshments disbanded in 1998, although Roger Clyne and P.H. Naffah continue to tour and play Refreshments songs along with new music as Roger Clyne", "title": "The Refreshments (U.S. band)" }, { "id": "10577633", "text": "film, \"Juice\" starring Tupac Shakur, as well as producing on the film’s certified platinum soundtrack. Since then, G-Wiz has contributed songs and score to Spike Lee's \"He Got Game\", \"Bulworth\" with Warren Beatty, Paramount Pictures \"Mad City\", Fox Television's \"King of the Hill\", and a collaboration with Chuck D to create the main title theme to Fox's \"Dark Angel\" starring Jessica Alba. G-Wiz's \"Harder than you think\" independently climbed to #4 on the UK pop charts and #1 on the UK hip hop and Indie chart. The highest charting Public Enemy position to date. Public Enemy Run–D.M.C. Chuck D (solo)", "title": "Gary G-Wiz" }, { "id": "17404183", "text": "Art Edwards Arthur Eugene \"Buddy\" Edwards III (born May 4, 1969) is an American writer and musician. He has written three novels and the screenplay for the movie adaptation of his first novel \"Stuck Outside of Phoenix\". He was co-founder, co-songwriter and bass player with The Refreshments, a band that sold over 400,000 units worldwide, had a hit single \"Banditos\", and wrote and recorded the theme song for the Fox television series \"King of the Hill\". Edwards was born and grew up in Moline, Illinois, where he went to public school. In 1988 he gigged in his first original band,", "title": "Art Edwards" }, { "id": "6882165", "text": "Roger Clyne Roger Allyn Clyne (born January 13, 1968) is the lead singer, primary songwriter, and rhythm guitar player for the American rock band Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers. His previous bands include The Refreshments and the Mortals. Clyne and the Peacemakers (also known as RCPM) released their eighth full-length studio album, \"Native Heart\", on June 30th, 2017. His musical career has spanned over two decades, including several hits with The Refreshments and penning the theme song for the animated television series \"King of the Hill\". He wrote and recorded the victory song for his hometown Major League Baseball club,", "title": "Roger Clyne" }, { "id": "12789964", "text": "King of the Hill (soundtrack) King of the Hill is a soundtrack album to the animated Fox sitcom \"King of the Hill\". It was released in 1999 via Asylum Records. The album includes covers of southern rock songs and original songs, performed by country and rock artists (some of which have appeared on the show). Two songs from the album were released as singles: Travis Tritt and George Thorogood's cover of Hank Williams' \"Move It On Over\" and Barenaked Ladies' \"Get in Line\". Both songs were made into music videos. Brooks & Dunn's cover of Bob Seger's \"Against the Wind\"", "title": "King of the Hill (soundtrack)" }, { "id": "12789965", "text": "also charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart at number 53 from unsolicited airplay. King of the Hill (soundtrack) King of the Hill is a soundtrack album to the animated Fox sitcom \"King of the Hill\". It was released in 1999 via Asylum Records. The album includes covers of southern rock songs and original songs, performed by country and rock artists (some of which have appeared on the show). Two songs from the album were released as singles: Travis Tritt and George Thorogood's cover of Hank Williams' \"Move It On Over\" and Barenaked Ladies' \"Get in Line\".", "title": "King of the Hill (soundtrack)" }, { "id": "17404190", "text": "shorter work has appeared in \"The Writer\" and \"Salon\", among many others. Art Edwards Arthur Eugene \"Buddy\" Edwards III (born May 4, 1969) is an American writer and musician. He has written three novels and the screenplay for the movie adaptation of his first novel \"Stuck Outside of Phoenix\". He was co-founder, co-songwriter and bass player with The Refreshments, a band that sold over 400,000 units worldwide, had a hit single \"Banditos\", and wrote and recorded the theme song for the Fox television series \"King of the Hill\". Edwards was born and grew up in Moline, Illinois, where he went", "title": "Art Edwards" }, { "id": "5091824", "text": "as Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers. The group was known for its \"Southwestern Sound,\" similar to other bands hailing from Arizona such as The Sidewinders, Gin Blossoms, The Meat Puppets and Dead Hot Workshop. The group had two charting singles, both from 1996's \"Fizzy Fuzzy Big & Buzzy\" (both written by Roger Clyne): \"Banditos\" (U.S. Mainstream Rock No. 11, Modern Rock No. 14), and \"Down Together\" (Modern Rock No. 38). Roger Clyne also wrote the opening theme song to Mike Judge's animated series \"King of the Hill\". Lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, and primary songwriter Roger Clyne and drummer Paul \"P.H.\"", "title": "The Refreshments (U.S. band)" }, { "id": "15919396", "text": "piece from the \"Swan Lake\" ballet is played during the \"Black Swan\" parody. For the \"King of the Hill\" visual gag, the \"Simpsons\" staff acquired the rights to use the actual theme song from that show. The music that is played as Krusty performs his new show in front of adults at the theater is a mixture of the old Krusty theme and the theme from \"Playboy After Dark\", a television show hosted by Hugh Hefner that started airing in the 1960s and featured parties from a \"Playboy\" club. This musical combination was composed by Alf Clausen after \"The Simpsons\"", "title": "The Ten-Per-Cent Solution" }, { "id": "2376796", "text": "was certified gold. It was later chosen as the theme song for the Australian version of reality series \"The Biggest Loser\". Two further singles were released from the album, \"Now I Run\" which peaked at number six and \"Lonely\" which peaked at number eight. Noll received two nominations at the 2006 ARIA Music Awards, including Highest Selling Single for \"Shine\" and Best Pop Release for \"Lift\". He embarked on his second solo headlining tour titled the Lift Tour in January 2006 to promote the album. Noll was set to star in the film \"King of the Mountain\", based loosely on", "title": "Shannon Noll" }, { "id": "4942846", "text": "Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers Roger Clyne & The Peacemakers are a rock band from Tempe, Arizona, USA. The band is typically referred to by the fans as the abbreviation \"RCPM\". The music is known to cross genres with songs showing an Adult Alternative Rock/Pop/Americana/Reggae/Mariachi influence. After a lineup shift of The Refreshments, a rock band of the 1990s known for their top radio hit \"Banditos,\" and also for the theme song to the long-running animated series King of the Hill, frontman, rhythm guitarist and songwriter Roger Clyne and drummer Paul \"P.H.\" Naffah retooled and set out under the moniker", "title": "Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers" }, { "id": "4655899", "text": "1993 (for Capitol Records). From the latter, an electronic duet with Tony Bennett was produced for Sinatra's \"Duets\" album. The lyrics of the Sinatra versions differ slightly from Ebb's original lyrics. Notably, the phrase \"A-number-one\", which does not appear at all in the original lyrics, is sung twice at the song's rallentando climax. (Ebb has said he \"didn't even like\" Sinatra's use of \"A-number-one\"). The phrase is both the first and fourth on a list of three superlative titles the singer strives to achieve — \"A-number-one, top of the list, king of the hill, A-number-one\" — where Ebb's original lyrics", "title": "Theme from New York, New York" }, { "id": "9091923", "text": "its soundtrack. In the animated television series \"King of the Hill\" episode \"Arlen City Bomber\", Lucky Kleinschmidt (voiced by Tom Petty) says \"I'm gonna help you run down that dream, Bobby\" of getting Bobby a freshly made corn chip off the production line. The song was used in the \"Family Guy\" episode \"The Book of Joe\" when Brian achieves his \"runner's high\". NBC currently uses a version of this song as their theme for \"NASCAR on NBC\" in the summer of 2018. This song is covered by ZZ Ward. Runnin' Down a Dream \"Runnin' Down a Dream\" is a song", "title": "Runnin' Down a Dream" }, { "id": "5709046", "text": "Girls Who Run The World, number 51 on Top 100 Pop Breakthroughs, number 14 on Top 100 Sexy Beats. and number 17 on 4Music's Biggest R&B Hits of the Naughties. The song is featured in Disney's 2009 animation movie \"G-Force\", \"Date Movie\", and \"Norbit\". It was also used in the 2010 comedy film \"Easy A\". The song was used in a 2007 commercial for Heineken beer. In the United Kingdom, the song for was featured as a background music for a 2015 television commercial for Moneysupermarket.com; it stars Sharon Osbourne. The song was featured in the \"King of the Hill\"", "title": "Don't Cha" }, { "id": "6656951", "text": "For season finales there is a slight variation for seasons 1–11. Season one's finale featured an opening guitar riff one octave higher. Season two's fifteenth episode has the three note guitar. Season two's finale added a \"yeehaw\" to the beginning, the 3–11 finales accompanied the \"yeehaw\" with a dinner triangle, and the Season five finale has the first part of the full version of the theme song, with the exception of the season six, season ten, season twelve, and season thirteen finales. Season 13 and the series finale used the regular theme song. Two 1998 and 2004 Christmas episodes also", "title": "King of the Hill" }, { "id": "4287987", "text": "on the Hot 100. Michael Peterson (who recorded for Warner Bros.' Reprise label at the time) co-wrote and sang backing vocals on the title track, which went to number 38 country in early 1999. The album's third and final single was a cover of Jude Cole's \"Start the Car\" (previously the B-side to \"If I Lost You\"), which peaked at number 52. Late in 1999, Tritt recorded a cover of Hank Williams's \"Move It On Over\" with George Thorogood for the soundtrack to the cartoon \"King of the Hill\". This cut peaked at number 66 on the country charts from", "title": "Travis Tritt" }, { "id": "6440909", "text": "version– a No. 70 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart – closely resembled the Clapton original. Many of Sovine's biggest truck driving hits were covered by artists such as, Del Reeves, Dave Dudley, Ferlin Husky, Boxcar Willie, Tex Williams and Australian country singer Nev Nicholls. Mike Judge covered \"Teddy Bear\" as Hank Hill for the \"King of the Hill\" soundtrack. Some of Sovine's songs were covered by Dutch artists and became big hits in the Netherlands (Teddy Bear, Giddy Up Go and Deck of Cards by Gerard de Vries, Phantom 309 (Stille Willie) by the B B Band,", "title": "Red Sovine" }, { "id": "4607660", "text": "Toby Huss Toby Huss (born December 9, 1966) is an American actor known for portraying Artie in the Nickelodeon series \"The Adventures of Pete & Pete\" (1993–1996). He is also known for his voice-over work on the long-running animated series \"King of the Hill\" (1997–2010) and his role as Felix \"Stumpy\" Dreifuss on HBO's \"Carnivàle\" (2003–2005). He played John Bosworth on the AMC original period drama \"Halt and Catch Fire\". Huss was born in Marshalltown, Iowa, to Gerald and Elma Huss. He attended the University of Iowa, where he participated in No Shame Theatre before moving to Los Angeles to", "title": "Toby Huss" }, { "id": "883408", "text": "illness resulted in him missing the first several months of the \"Stunt \" tour. The band toured, with friends Chris Brown and Greg Kurstin both filling in on keyboards until Kevin recovered enough to rejoin them on the road. The singles \"It's All Been Done\" (used as the opening theme song on the short lived animated TV series \"Baby Blues\") and \"Call and Answer\" (which later appeared in the film \"EdTV\") were also modest hits. The band was also asked to contribute a song (\"Get in Line\") to the soundtrack of the Fox cartoon \"King of the Hill.\" Barenaked Ladies", "title": "Barenaked Ladies" }, { "id": "6656950", "text": "outside his house in the morning. When he opens his can of beer, the playback speed increases greatly and depicts other main and secondary characters carrying out various daily activities around them in a time-lapse. Meanwhile, the four continue drinking beer and a nearby recycling bin fills with their empty cans. When Peggy brings a bag of garbage out to Hank, the other three leave and the playback returns to normal speed as he takes it to the trash can and gathers with Peggy and Bobby. The opening theme is \"Yahoos and Triangles\" by the Arizona rock band The Refreshments.", "title": "King of the Hill" }, { "id": "2521650", "text": "Night Long\" with Montgomery Gentry (Eddie Montgomery and Troy Gentry) for their debut album, \"Tattoos and Scars,\" which was a commercial success. Daniels' distinctive speaking voice was used in Frank Wildhorn's 1999 musical, \"The Civil War\". He is featured in the Prologue and \"In Great Deeds\". Daniels was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 1999. In 2000, he composed and performed the score for the feature film \"Across the Line\" starring Brad Johnson. He guest starred as himself on two episodes of \"King of the Hill\", \"Peggy's Fan Fair,\" which aired on May 21, 2000 and", "title": "Charlie Daniels" }, { "id": "16528978", "text": "and \"Transcendence\" (2014) with Morgan Freeman. His television work includes playing Officer Thomas \"Tom\" Hanson, Jr. in the crime drama \"21 Jump Street\" from 1987 to 1990. He has also lent his voice to the animated series \"King of the Hill\" in 2004, \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" in 2009, and \"Family Guy\" in 2012. Depp has been described as one of the most versatile and prolific actors of his generation. Johnny Depp filmography John Christopher Depp II is an American actor, director, screen writer, film producer,art director and musician. He started his film career by playing Glen Lantz in the 1984 horror", "title": "Johnny Depp filmography" }, { "id": "8109032", "text": "and the band later signed to Warner Bros. Records. D'Anda and the band released three records with Warner Bros., performed a track featured on the \"Wayne's World\" soundtrack, and toured the world with the likes of Cheap Trick, Ozzy, Bon Jovi, Ian Hunter and Mick Ronson, Living Colour, Tesla, Cinderella, Poison and Winger. BulletBoys songs and videos are still played on outlets such as: VH-1, Sirius-XM radio, Last.fm, iLike, Yahoo Music, AOL, Pandora, Rhapsody and Music Choice. Their songs can be heard in several films and TV shows, most recently \"Beerfest\" and \"King of the Hill\". D'Anda was selected as", "title": "Jimmy D'Anda" }, { "id": "1437684", "text": "In the 2000s Murphy appeared in \"Don't Say a Word\" (2001) alongside Michael Douglas, and alongside Eminem in \"8 Mile\" (2002), for which she gained critical recognition. Her later roles included \"Riding in Cars with Boys\" (2001), \"Spun\" (2002), \"Uptown Girls\" (2003), \"Sin City\" (2005), and \"Happy Feet\" (2006). Murphy also voiced Luanne Platter on the animated television series \"King of the Hill\" (1997–2009). Her final film, \"Something Wicked\", was released in April 2014. In December 2009, Murphy died of pneumonia at the age of 32. Brittany Anne Bertolotti was born in Atlanta, Georgia, to Sharon Kathleen Murphy and Angelo", "title": "Brittany Murphy" }, { "id": "3466910", "text": "Ross also starred in \"The Evening Star\" (1996), for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. Since the 1990s, Ross has been known for voice-over work on animated television series such as \"King of the Hill\" and \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" among others, and recurring roles on \"The Drew Carey Show\", \"That '70s Show\", \"Gilmore Girls,\" and \"Brothers & Sisters\", and guest spots. Marian Ross was born in Watertown, Carver County, Minnesota, the daughter of Gordon and Ellen (Hamilton) Ross, natives of Saskatchewan, Canada She lived in Waconia, then moved to Willmar, and eventually to Albert", "title": "Marion Ross" }, { "id": "22693", "text": "Friend's Wedding\". She guest starred on a 1998 episode of the Fox sitcom \"King of the Hill\", as the voice of Peggy's feminist guitar teacher, Emily. Beginning in 1999, Righteous Babe Records began releasing albums by other artists including Sara Lee, Sekou Sundiata, Michael Meldrum, Arto Lindsay, Bitch and Animal, That One Guy, Utah Phillips, Hamell on Trial, Andrew Bird, Kurt Swinghammer, Buddy Wakefield, Anais Mitchell and Nona Hendryx. On September 11, 2001, DiFranco was in Manhattan and later penned the poem \"Self Evident\" about the experience. The poem was featured in the book \"It's a Free Country: Personal Freedom", "title": "Ani DiFranco" }, { "id": "6656924", "text": "King of the Hill King of the Hill is an American animated sitcom created by Mike Judge and Greg Daniels that ran from January 12, 1997, to May 6, 2010, on Fox. It centers on the Hills, a middle-class American family in the fictional city of Arlen, Texas. Patriarch and main character Hank Hill is the everyman and general protagonist of the series. His modest conservative views and biases often clash with that of his wife, Peggy; his son, Bobby; his father, Cotton; his niece, Luanne; and his neighbor, Kahn. Hank is friends with the other residents on his block,", "title": "King of the Hill" }, { "id": "3634726", "text": "featured prominently in the Bruce Willis movie \"Blind Date\". He appeared in one episode of a TV series, \"Wiseguy\" and had several other roles on shows such as \"Baywatch\", \"Boy Meets World\", and a recurring role as Duke on \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" as well as nine appearances on \"The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson\". These roles would lead him into singing theme songs for TV shows, such as \"Empty Nest\" and \"The King of Queens\", as well as voice acting on Cartoon Network cartoons. He served as band leader on Rick Dees' short-lived late-night talk show \"Into the Night\" on", "title": "Billy Vera" }, { "id": "18172100", "text": "role of Vice President, Soundtracks at the same company. In this role, Paar worked on many soundtracks including The Coen Brothers’ \"The Big Lebowski\" and Gregg Araki’s \"Nowhere\", as well as placing numerous songs in films and creating opportunities for Polygram artists to write themes for TV shows including \"King of the Hill\" and \"Ellen\". Paar next joined Richard Branson’s V2 Records as Head of Film & TV where he worked closely with artists such as Moby until 1999 when he became an independent music supervisor. He continued to work with Moby whose album \"Play\", became the first in history", "title": "Howard Paar" }, { "id": "4607662", "text": "Hill and Kahn Souphanousinphone on \"King of the Hill\" and a boyfriend of Elaine Benes in the episode \"The Junk Mail\" of \"Seinfeld\". From his parodies of Frank Sinatra, which were featured in the films \"Vegas Vacation\" and \"Down Periscope\", Huss has created a Sinatra-inspired character named Rudy Casoni. Toby Huss Toby Huss (born December 9, 1966) is an American actor known for portraying Artie in the Nickelodeon series \"The Adventures of Pete & Pete\" (1993–1996). He is also known for his voice-over work on the long-running animated series \"King of the Hill\" (1997–2010) and his role as Felix \"Stumpy\"", "title": "Toby Huss" }, { "id": "16202255", "text": "released in 2006. He also co-wrote the two most recent Alan Parsons singles with Parsons and P.J. Olsson, \"Fragile,\" and \"Do you Live at All.\" Erez has songs in over 100 films and TV shows. His entre into TV was with a song called \"Boom da Boom,\" which both Fox and Disney used to promote current shows including The Simpsons & King of the Hill. This led to first MTV, then others bringing in Erez to compose on shows for them including The Tom Green Show, The Andy Dick Show (theme song & score), The Whitest Kids U'Know and others.", "title": "Guy Erez" }, { "id": "3147241", "text": "regular roles on \"King of the Hill\", where she voiced Minh and Connie Souphanousinphone and later \"Futurama\", where she voices Amy and Inez Wong. Since first playing the character on stage in the 1983 Doonesbury musical, Tom has periodically voiced the character Honey Huan in media related to Doonesbury, most notably in a series of animated shorts satirizing the 2000 U.S. presidential election. She has also lent her voice to \"All Grown Up!\", \"Rocket Power\", \"Max Steel\", \"Handy Manny\" as Mrs. Lee and Nelson, \"Samurai Jack\", \"Johnny Bravo\", \"Justice League Unlimited\", \"Kim Possible\" and \"Legion of Super Heroes\". She has", "title": "Lauren Tom" }, { "id": "3466918", "text": "also frequently appeared on \"Hollywood Squares\". During the 1990s, Ross became active in voice-over work. She played Ms. Wakefield on the Fox animated series \"King of the Hill\", Grandma SquarePants on Nickelodeon's \"SpongeBob SquarePants\", Crane's mother on \"\" and Mrs. Lopart on \"Handy Manny\". She also guest-starred on \"The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries\", \"The Wild Thornberrys\", and \"Generator Rex\". In 2007, Ross appeared in \"Music Within\". In 2007 and 2010, she played Ida Holden on ABC's \"Brothers & Sisters\". In June 2008, the Albert Lea Civic Theater in Albert Lea, Minnesota changed its name to the Marion Ross Performing Arts", "title": "Marion Ross" }, { "id": "6656961", "text": "on Hulu. The show airs in syndication on broadcast networks. From 2001 to 2009, FX aired the series daily nationwide. The show aired on Adult Swim (the Cartoon Network programming block) from January 1, 2009 to June 30, 2018. The series began airing on Comedy Central beginning July 24, 2018. \"King of the Hill\" received critical acclaim over its 13-year run. Early reviews of the show were positive. Diane Holloway at the \"Chicago Tribune\" considered it the \"most Texan television series since \"Dallas\",\" and praised the show's \"sly sense of humor and subversive sensibility.\" At the \"Los Angeles Times\", writer", "title": "King of the Hill" }, { "id": "1348682", "text": "his famous song. Mangione had a recurring voice-acting role on the animated television series \"King of the Hill\". In it he portrays himself as a celebrity spokesman for Mega Lo Mart, almost always wearing the white and red jacket from the cover of his \"Feels So Good\" album. The first episode of \"King of the Hill\" with Mangione originally aired on February 16, 1997. The episode featured an original score specifically recorded for the occasion. He continued to appear in episodes, a total of ten more up until 2003. In the context of the series, Mangione chafes under an oppressive", "title": "Chuck Mangione" }, { "id": "8728289", "text": "Victor Aaron Victor Aaron Ramirez (September 11, 1956 – September 4, 1996) was a Native American actor of the Yaqui tribe. He was the original voice of John Redcorn on \"King of the Hill\", which was taken over by Jonathan Joss in the show's second season following Aaron's death. He died in a road accident in 1996, 7 days before his 40th birthday. The \"King of the Hill\" episode \"The Order of the Straight Arrow\" is dedicated to his memory. Victor Aaron Ramirez was born on September 11, 1956 in Odessa, Texas. His parents were members of the Yaqui tribe.", "title": "Victor Aaron" }, { "id": "7404359", "text": "it charted at number 13 on the Hot Ringtones chart, it charted at number 42 on the Pop 100 Airplay chart, it charted at number 2 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart, and at number 39 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart. The song also serves as the theme song to the 2006 film \"ATL\" in which T.I. stars. \"What You Know\" won for \"Best Rap Solo Performance\" and was nominated for \"Best Rap Song\" at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards. What You Know\" was performed at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards, where its music video was nominated for", "title": "King (T.I. album)" }, { "id": "4657215", "text": "to Kirk Gleason. She has also done voice acting, being in the PSP game Jeanne d'Arc. She also voiced roles in four episodes of the animated television series \"King of the Hill\". Rini Bell Honorine Bell (born March 21, 1981) is an American actress. Bell was born in Rome, Italy and spent most of her childhood in Europe before her family relocated to the United States where she grew up in New Orleans, Louisiana. She attended Louise S. McGehee school. She is named after the French Saint Honorine. Bell has been in movies such as \"Ghost World\", \"The Terminal\", \"Bring", "title": "Rini Bell" }, { "id": "13197380", "text": "that it is. The song can be heard in the \"King of the Hill\" episode, \"The Redneck on Rainey Street\", in which Adkins voices the character Elvin Mackelston. Deborah Evans Price, of \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the song favorably, calling a \"thumpin' ode to appreciation of one's good ole gal, particularly when sleeping kids provide opportunity.\" She goes on to say that Adkins \"wraps his muscular baritone around a bold production and a lyric heavy on domestic-life testosterone.\" William Ruhlmann of Allmusic gave the song a favorable review, saying that it \"has a frisky appeal and, with its erotically charged tag", "title": "Hot Mama" }, { "id": "4655900", "text": "(performed by Minnelli) were \"king of the hill, head of the list, cream of the crop, at the top of the heap.\" Despite Sinatra's version becoming more familiar, original singer Minnelli had two of the tune's most memorable live performances – during the July 4, 1986 ceremony marking the rededication of the Statue of Liberty after extensive renovations, and in the middle of the seventh inning of a New York Mets game, that was the first pro sports event in the metro area after the September 11, 2001 attacks. She also sang it in the Olympic stadium during the 1984", "title": "Theme from New York, New York" }, { "id": "6656939", "text": "Strickland Propane; Joe Jack (voiced by Toby Huss) and Enrique (Danny Trejo), Hank's co-workers at Strickland; Carl Moss (voiced by Dennis Burkley), Bobby's principal at Tom Landry Middle School; and Reverend Karen Stroup (voiced by Mary Tyler Moore, later Ashley Gardner), the female minister of Arlen First Methodist. Following the show's slice of life format, which was consistently present throughout its run, the show presented itself as being more down to earth than other competing animated sitcoms, e.g. \"The Simpsons\", due to the way the show applied realism and often derived its plots and humor from mundane topics. Critics also", "title": "King of the Hill" }, { "id": "6524984", "text": "a 2013 television series set during the first Reagan administration. The song is also featured in the 1998 \"King of the Hill\" episode \"Hank's Dirty Laundry\" and the 2017 \"South Park\" episode \"Splatty Tomato\". In 1982, Austrian artist Nickerbocker () released the German rendering \"Puppe (du bist a moderne Hex')\" (\"Doll \") which reached #3 in Austria.\"(source in German)\" Queen of Hearts (Hank DeVito song) Queen of Hearts is a country-pop song written by Hank DeVito, the pedal steel guitarist in Emmylou Harris' backing group The Hot Band, and was first recorded by Dave Edmunds on his 1979 album \"Repeat", "title": "Queen of Hearts (Hank DeVito song)" }, { "id": "9559379", "text": "the UK Singles Chart, and in Norway. Miller recalled that the song was inspired when he was driving and saw a sign on the side of a barn that read, \"Trailers for sale or rent\". This would become the opening line of the song. The song has been covered by many other artists, including George Jones, Dean Martin, Val Doonican, Jack Jones, James Booker, The Fabulous Echoes, Boney M., R.E.M., Johnny Paycheck, Glen Campbell, Alvin and the Chipmunks, Boxcar Willie, Randy Travis, Rangers, James Kilbane, John Stevens, the Statler Brothers, Rufus Wainwright & Teddy Thompson, Giant Sand, Peligro, The Proclaimers,", "title": "King of the Road (song)" }, { "id": "7203052", "text": "University with a degree in theater and speech. Joss is also a musician, and performs as part of the Red Corn Band, an alternative blues group which has won a Grammy Award for Best Native American Music Album. Jonathan Joss Jonathan Joss (born December 22, 1965) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying the voice of John Redcorn from season 2 to 13 of the animated series \"King of the Hill\", and for his recurring role as Chief Ken Hotate in \"Parks and Recreation\". Born in San Antonio, Texas, Joss is of Spanish, Comanche and White Mountain", "title": "Jonathan Joss" }, { "id": "2595694", "text": "Kathy Najimy Kathy Ann Najimy ( ; born February 6, 1957) is an American actress. She is best known for voicing Peggy Hill on the animated television series \"King of the Hill\" (1997–2010), and for her roles in the films \"Sister Act\" (1992) and \"Hocus Pocus\" (1993), as well as her portrayal of Olive Massery on the NBC sitcom \"Veronica's Closet\" (1997–2000). Prior to achieving wider recognition, she was known for her professional partnership with Mo Gaffney, working as the duo \"Kathy and Mo\". Najimy was born on February 6, 1957 in San Diego, California, the daughter of Lebanese American", "title": "Kathy Najimy" }, { "id": "11284763", "text": "Allman provided the voice of Big H in \"CB Bears\" on CBS and played Norm Miller in \"Harris Against the World\" on NBC. He provided music on the game show \"Three for the Money\" on NBC, and he was the singing voice for TV's \"Mister Ed\", for which he also wrote and recorded \"The Pretty Little Filly with the Ponytail\" and \"The Empty Feedbag Blues\". Mr. Allman wrote longer versions of these songs, but never recorded the longer versions. He was the lyricist for the theme song to \"George of the Jungle\".. Additionally, Allman worked with Stan Worth, co-writer of", "title": "Sheldon Allman" }, { "id": "1454668", "text": "guest appearances from celebrities such as John Farnham, Johanna Griggs, Sia Furler, Michael Palin, Ian Thorpe, Lleyton Hewitt, Paulini, Nick Grimshaw, Eliza Doolittle, Ed Sheeran, and Jessica Mauboy. The theme song to \"Home and Away\" was written by Mike Perjanik. There have been nine different versions of the theme song used throughout the years. The lyrics remained the same since the show's inception, but a number of verses were gradually cut back over the years due to time restrictions. The original version was sung by Karen Boddington and Mark Williams, and was used from 1988 until mid-1995. Their version was", "title": "Home and Away" }, { "id": "3974508", "text": "Rocks\", which played at Epcot from 1994 to 2004. In this latter role, he sang the song \"Always Read the Wrapper\", a parody of his second hit single \"Funky Cold Medina\". Tone Lōc has performed in several feature films, including 'm ' (Heat)\"Poetic Justice\", \"Blank Check\" and \"Posse\". As a voice actor, Tone Lōc has voiced characters in several television cartoon series such as \"King of the Hill\" and \"C-Bear and Jamal,\" and was featured in the animated film \"Bébé's Kids\", playing the wise-cracking baby Pee Wee. He voiced the character Lou the Goanna in the 1992 film \"\". He", "title": "Tone Loc" }, { "id": "2785093", "text": "of songs by Leonard Cohen, Band of Horses, Jefferson Airplane and others. Fleming appears on the soundtrack of the 2011 Steven Spielberg animated film \"\" as the singing voice of opera diva Bianca Castafiore, singing Juliette's waltz from Gounod's \"Romeo et Juliette\". She recorded Alexandre Desplat's theme song \"Still Dream\" for the 2012 DreamWorks animated feature, \"Rise of the Guardians\". Fleming features in the song \"You'll Never Know\" of the soundtrack of the 2017 film \"The Shape of Water\". Fleming appeared on the children's show \"Sesame Street\" singing a lively rendition of \"Caro nome\" from \"Rigoletto\", replacing the traditional Italian", "title": "Renée Fleming" }, { "id": "12054362", "text": "Casey Dunmore Casey Dunmore (born in Brooklyn, NY) is an American musician, composer, producer and recording artist. He is the Music Producer also known as Schpilkas, based in Los Angeles, California. Dunmore is known for versatile styles ranging from Urban Electronic, Jazz, Rock, Psychedelic, Indie and Classical music, both on albums as well as television and film soundtracks. Theme Songs:<BR> Tia & Tamera • (Style Network)<BR> Toronto Raptors • (NBA)<BR> Celebracadabra • (VH1) Television (selected credits): The Oprah Winfrey Show • (ABC)<BR> One Tree Hill • (CW)<BR> Fly Girls • (CW)<BR> High Society • (CW)<BR> The City • (MTV)<BR> Live", "title": "Casey Dunmore" }, { "id": "7203051", "text": "Jonathan Joss Jonathan Joss (born December 22, 1965) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying the voice of John Redcorn from season 2 to 13 of the animated series \"King of the Hill\", and for his recurring role as Chief Ken Hotate in \"Parks and Recreation\". Born in San Antonio, Texas, Joss is of Spanish, Comanche and White Mountain Apache descent. He attended McCollum High School and later enrolled at Texas State University–San Marcos (then Southwest Texas State University) but left before graduating. Joss later attended San Antonio College, before graduating from Our Lady of the Lake", "title": "Jonathan Joss" }, { "id": "9042718", "text": "#36, \"Wind Beneath My Wings\" from \"Beaches\" at #44, \"Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah\" from \"Song of the South\" at #47, and \"Beauty and the Beast\" from \"Beauty and the Beast\" at #62). A shortened version of \"Hakuna Matata\" was used as the theme song of the spinoff \"Timon & Pumbaa\" TV show. Another shortened version of \"Hakuna Matata\" was also used on the TV series \"The Lion Guard\" in the first-season episode \"Bunga and the King\" (2016), and was sung by the characters of the show. Hakuna Matata (song) \"Hakuna Matata\" is a song from Disney's 32nd animated feature \"The Lion King\". The", "title": "Hakuna Matata (song)" }, { "id": "18051976", "text": "top the Billboard Gospel chart and crack the top 10 on the Rap and Christian charts. It also contained the cut 'King In Me' which was used as the theme song to American Idol’s Super Bowl commercial in 2014. On March 25, 2014, Gray released his 2nd studio album entitled \"School of Roses\". It included fan favorites ‘Vanish’ (feat. Swoope) and ‘Wanna’ (feat. JGivens) which peaked at #15 on the Billboard Live Trending chart. This was more of an R&B album than \"Body Art\", and it debuted at the top of the overall charts on iTunes, and hit #44 on", "title": "Christon Gray" }, { "id": "5091632", "text": "Pamela Adlon Pamela Fionna Adlon (\"née\" Segall; born July 9, 1966) is an American actress, voice actress, screenwriter, producer, and director. She voiced Bobby Hill on the animated comedy series \"King of the Hill\" (1997–2010), for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award. She voiced Ashley Spinelli on the animated comedy series \"Recess\" (1997–2003), and the title character from the \"Pajama Sam\" video game series. Adlon is also known for her role as Dolores in the musical film \"Grease 2\" (1982), and for her roles on the comedy-drama series \"Californication\" (2007–2014) and \"Louie\" (2010–2015), on which she was also a", "title": "Pamela Adlon" }, { "id": "2366768", "text": "The Lion Sleeps Tonight (which appears briefly in the original film as well) performed by Lebo M. and Vinx. Other songs featured in the film that aren't in the soundtrack include the song \"Sunrise, Sunset\" from the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\" and the eponymous theme song from the television show \"Peter Gunn\" composed by Henry Mancini. The film contains original score composed by Don Harper, and also features the instrumental theme \"The Good, the Bad and the Ugly\" composed by Ennio Morricone. A video game based on the film was published in 2003 for the Game Boy Advance, featuring", "title": "The Lion King 1½" }, { "id": "18100275", "text": "Raney Shockne Raney Shockne is an American music composer and producer based in Los Angeles. He has written and produced songs for Giorgio Moroder, Britney Spears, Foxes, Matthew Koma, Leona Lewis and others. His score and songwriting collaborations have appeared in over 30 films and 100 televisions shows to date. Shockne is perhaps best known as the composer of USA drama \"Queen of the South\", CBS primetime comedy \"Kevin Can Wait\", \"Anger Management\" (FX Network) starring Charlie Sheen, the film \"The To Do List\" (Aubrey Plaza), and \"Fame\", where his remake of the title song reached the American \"Billboard\" Hot", "title": "Raney Shockne" }, { "id": "13902590", "text": "New Age Albums. In 1997, 20th Century Fox and Judgmental Films invited him to create the music for the first episode of a new animated television series, \"King of the Hill\" for the Fox television network. He became one of three regular composers for the Emmy award-winning show. The show ran for 13 seasons, ending in 2010. It remains in syndication. In 1998 he won the BMI TV Music Award. Recently produced a guitar CD \"It's Like This\", with pedal steel guitarist Greg Leisz, produced by Gabe Moffat. Currently performing in the Santa Barbara area, both solo and with bands.", "title": "John O'Connor (musician)" }, { "id": "12681086", "text": "Bill Dauterive Bill Dauterive (born William Fontaine de La Tour Dauterive, otherwise known as French for \"William Fountain of the Tower of the High Bank\"; June 22, 1957) is a fictional character on the Fox animated series \"King of the Hill\". He is the Hills' overweight, divorced, and clinically depressed neighbor, voiced by Stephen Root and named for series producer Jim Dauterive. Stephen Root used his background in Southern theater to help him develop the voice of Bill. Root attended the University of Florida, and had performed in Southern plays in New York City prior to being chosen for the", "title": "Bill Dauterive" }, { "id": "5570681", "text": "the song as the Dead's \"most requested number\". The alternative country band Old 97's have also covered this song but instead of in the traditional 3/4 time, they hammered it out in 4/4. Their cover appears on as well as the \"King of the Hill\" original TV soundtrack. Grady Martin released an instrumental version in 1965 on his \"Instrumentally Yours\" album. El Paso has also been recorded by Max Stalling, Michael Martin Murphey, Tom Russell, The Mills Brothers, and Jason and the Scorchers. After Lolita along with her Western Trio had a hit in the US with Seemann (Deine Heimat", "title": "El Paso (song)" }, { "id": "6656926", "text": "2018. As of July 24, 2018, reruns aired on Comedy Central. The show became one of Fox's longest-running series (third-longest as an animated series, behind \"The Simpsons\" and \"Family Guy\").. A total of 259 episodes aired over the course of its 13 seasons. The final episode aired on Fox on September 13, 2009. Four episodes from the final season were to have aired on Fox, but later premiered in nightly syndication from May 3 to 6, 2010. In 2007, it was named by \"Time\" magazine as one of the top 100 greatest television shows of all time. \"King of the", "title": "King of the Hill" }, { "id": "14537071", "text": "Ashley Gardner Ashley Gardner (born April 11, 1964) is a South African-born American stage, film, television and voice actress. She provided the voice of Nancy Gribble and Didi Hill in the animated series \"King of the Hill\". She appeared in the sitcom \"Seinfeld\" in the episode \"The Library\" as Marion; and in the pilot of \"Madman of the People\". John Simon in his review of Keith Curran's 1991 play \"Walking the Dead\" , stated that Gardner \"does wonders\" as Veronica, a lesbian who has a sex change and becomes a man. She had previously appeared in Curran's \"Dalton's Back\" and", "title": "Ashley Gardner" }, { "id": "10557416", "text": "in 2006. He has also done commercials for Carl's Jr. and Dunkin' Donuts. He has performed in various theater roles such as \"On Golden Pond\", \"Prairie Lights\", \"\", \"Les Misérables\" and \"Guys and Dolls\". Zachar provided voices for the movie \"Surf's Up\" and an episode of the animated television series \"King of the Hill\" where he was a cashier. In 2005, Zachar completed the film \"Drunkboat\" in which he stars along with Dana Delany, John Malkovich and John Goodman. While living in Chicago, he was in a metal band called Megaband. Zachar also sang in a punk/ska group Not Too", "title": "Jacob Zachar" }, { "id": "14827948", "text": "Far Longer than Forever \"Far Longer than Forever\" is the theme song from the animated movie \"The Swan Princess\", written by Lex de Azevedo, David Zippel and composed by Lex de Azevedo. The song is performed by Regina Belle and Jeffrey Osborne. It was nominated for a Golden Globe in 1995 for Best Original Song, but lost to \"Can You Feel The Love Tonight\" by Elton John and Tim Rice from \"The Lion King\". The Regina Belle song \"Eternity\" was used as the B-side for this song. A writer for \"The New York Times\" noted, \"The melody of 'Far Longer", "title": "Far Longer than Forever" }, { "id": "5476152", "text": "and his second No. 1, \"Some Fools Never Learn\". He also collaborated with pop singer Nicolette Larson on her Top 10 country hit \"That's How You Know When Love's Right\", her only Top 40 country single. It was also during this time that Steve recorded the theme song for the ABC television sitcom, \"Who's the Boss?\". Wariner's version of \"Brand New Life\", used from 1986 to 1990, is the most widely recognized rendition of the song. His next album, \"Life's Highway\", accounted for two consecutive Number 1s in \"You Can Dream of Me\" and the title track, while all three", "title": "Steve Wariner" }, { "id": "8314304", "text": "voice actors, such as \"Beavis and Butthead\" and \"King of the Hill\" creator and lead voice artist Mike Judge, who got his start as an engineer for a weapons contractor); Bart Simpson's voice actress Nancy Cartwright, an Ohio native who became the star protégé of Daws Butler (voice artist for Yogi Bear, Huckleberry Hound, and Quick Draw McGraw); and Wayne Allwine and Russi Taylor, the real-life husband-and-wife duo who, at the time of this book's publication, were the current voice actors for Mickey and Minnie Mouse, respectively. In the earliest days of cartoons, voice actors were seldom credited for their", "title": "The Magic Behind the Voices" }, { "id": "20599952", "text": "The single was used as the theme song for the television drama \"Bukatsu, Suki Janakya Dame Desu ka?\" starring members Takahashi, Jinguji, and Iwahashi. Another song included in the single, \"High On Love\", was used as the theme song for the film \"You, I Love\" which stars member Hirano. \"Memorial\" sold more than 400,000 copies in its first week, and topped the Oricon Singles Chart. In the same month of release, it was certified 2x Platinum by the RIAJ for shipments of 500,00 units. In November 2018, Genki Iwahashi went on hiatus to concentrate on treatment for his panic disorder.", "title": "King & Prince" }, { "id": "12355863", "text": "1968 film \"Bullitt\". The songs \"Rock the Boat\" by The Hues Corporation and \"Jive Talkin'\" by the Bee Gees are played in the episode, while he selects \"Colour My World\" by Chicago as the class song. 6.82 million people watched the episode. Coupled with that night's episode of \"King of the Hill\", it won its hour in the 18-49 demographic. Since airing, the episode has received mixed reviews from television critics. Rene Rosa of UGO wrote: \"When the self-referential jokes about the episode’s switch to HD were the things that made me laugh the most, and they last only a", "title": "Take My Life, Please" }, { "id": "1652445", "text": "found on the album \"Tammy Wynette Remembered\"(a posthumous tribute album to Tammy Wynette). It was released on September 8, 1998. Wynette lent her vocals on the UK No. 1 hit Perfect Day in 1997, which was written by Lou Reed. Wynette was also the voice for the character Tilly Hill (Hank Hill's mother) on the animated series \"King of the Hill\" until her death. Actress K Callan took over the voice role. She appeared as herself in the \"Married... with Children\" episode \"The Juggs Have Left The Building\", which originally aired on December 1, 1996. Wynette was married five times:", "title": "Tammy Wynette" }, { "id": "2580270", "text": "Press Secretary Tony Snow's band Beats Workin' at the Congressional Picnic held on the White House South Lawn. JBL's Peter Chaikin interviewed CJ Vanston about his collaboration with Baxter on their forthcoming album \"Skunk.\" Baxter worked on the animated TV series \"King of the Hill \" in 1997, composing songs for three episodes: \"Peggy the Boggle Champ\", \"Hank's Unmentionables Problem\", and \"Square Peg\". Also in 1997, he worked on two other TV series as a composer: \"The Blues Brothers Animated Series\" and \"The Curse of Inferno\". He composed for \"Shelley Duvall's Bedtime Stories\" TV series episode \"Bootsie Barker Bites/Ruby the", "title": "Jeff Baxter" }, { "id": "5091636", "text": "Hill on the animated TV show \"King of the Hill\", for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance in 2002. Though she is mostly known for voicing young boys, Adlon has voiced two girl characters (both of which have boylike qualities): Margaret \"Moose\" Pearson in \"Pepper Ann\" and Ashley Spinelli in \"Recess\". Notable live-action roles include Girl Joey in the 1984 teen film \"Bad Manners\", Kelly Affinado on \"The Facts of Life\", Marcy Runkle on Showtime's \"Californication\", and Pamela on FX's \"Louie\" (she is also a consulting producer for the show). Adlon was nominated for an Annie", "title": "Pamela Adlon" }, { "id": "5397038", "text": "singer and recording artist, including the introductory song to \"21 Jump Street.\" She contributed a variety of songs to the soundtrack of the film \"Howard the Duck\". (She appeared as a musician/singer in a minor role in the film.) She recorded the theme song \"We Got Our Love\" for the 1988 film \"Three for the Road\". She and Dawnn Lewis, along with R&B quartet En Vogue, performed the theme song for the first season of \"Hangin' with Mr. Cooper\". In 2006, she won, along with fellow writer Daniel Paisner, the Quills Award in Sports for the book \"Get Your Own", "title": "Holly Robinson Peete" }, { "id": "18209068", "text": "York City and London on July 26, 1951, and features the voices of Kathryn Beaumont (who later voiced Wendy Darling in the 1953 film \"Peter Pan\") as Alice, and Ed Wynn as the Mad Hatter. The theme song, \"Alice in Wonderland\", has since become a jazz standard. \"Alice in Wonderland\" is a 2010 American fantasy film directed by Tim Burton and written by Linda Woolverton. Released by Walt Disney Pictures, the film stars Mia Wasikowska as Alice Kingsleigh, Johnny Depp, Anne Hathaway and Helena Bonham Carter. The film was shot in the United Kingdom and the United States. \"Alice Through", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (franchise)" }, { "id": "18107852", "text": "featured on the film's soundtrack. The song was recorded at the Red Deer Studio in Berlin. \"He's the King\" was released on a maxi CD in December 1997. The fourth track is the theme to \"Der König von St. Pauli\", composed by Harold Faltermeyer. Tyler's vocals do not feature on this track. Credits and personnel adapted from album liner notes. He's the King \"He's the King\" is a song recorded by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler for her twelfth studio album, \"All in One Voice\" (1998). It was released in December 1997 by EastWest Records as the lead single of the", "title": "He's the King" }, { "id": "2289722", "text": "Ben E. King Benjamin Earl King (born Benjamin Earl Nelson, September 28, 1938 – April 30, 2015), known as Ben E. King, was an American soul and R&B singer and record producer. He was perhaps best known as the singer and co-composer of \"Stand by Mea US Top 10 hit, both in 1961 and later in 1986 (when it was used as the theme to the film of the same name), a number one hit in the UK in 1987, and no. 25 on the RIAA's list of Songs of the Century—and as one of the principal lead singers of", "title": "Ben E. King" }, { "id": "20095898", "text": "Down\". Ruelle's best-performing song on the \"Billboard\" charts is \"I Get to Love You\", which reached #15 on the Spotify Viral 50 on March 5, 2016. Ruelle also was in the song \"10 Feet Down\" by NF, part of the album \"Perception\" which hit #1 on the Billboard 200 Chart in 2017. Ruelle (singer) Margaret \"Maggie\" Eckford (born November 21, 1985), better known by her stage name Ruelle, is an American electronic pop singer-songwriter. Her music is widely used on many television series, and she is the singer of the opening theme songs of \"Shadowhunters\" (\"This Is the Hunt\") and", "title": "Ruelle (singer)" }, { "id": "5639105", "text": "and the second began, critics began giving the series praise. The show has generally been viewed as a spiritual successor to \"King of the Hill\", which carried less emphasis on shock comedy and focused more on character-driven humor. A film adaptation based on the animated TV series is in the works and is scheduled for a July 17, 2020 release. Bouchard lives in Los Angeles with his wife, Holly Kretschmar. The couple married on September 3, 2006. Loren Bouchard Loren Hal Bouchard (born October 10, 1969) is an American animator, writer, producer, television director, and composer. He is best known", "title": "Loren Bouchard" }, { "id": "10302471", "text": "Won't You Pimai Neighbor? \"Won't You Pimai Neighbor?\" is the 18th episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series \"King of the Hill\". The 78th episode of the series overall, it originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 19, 2000. The name of the episode alludes to the theme song of the public television series \"Mr. Roger's Neighborhood\", \"Won't You Be My Neighbor?\" Hosting a neighborhood Pimai party to celebrate the beginning of the Laotian lunar year, Kahn soon learns that a group of Buddhist monks is searching for the reincarnated lama", "title": "Won't You Pimai Neighbor?" }, { "id": "16614398", "text": "a detailed, heartbreaking story.\" Matt Bjorke of \"Roughstock\" also gave the song four and a half stars out of five, saying that \"there are great harmonies wrapped up in a melody that is both contemporary country and traditional country-leaning at the same time.\" The music video was animated by \"Beavis and Butthead\" and \"King of the Hill\" creator Mike Judge and premiered in July 2012. It features animated versions of the band, with Zac Brown transformed into \"a beer chugging cyborg\". \"The Wind\" debuted at number 27 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of June", "title": "The Wind (Zac Brown Band song)" }, { "id": "2762472", "text": "Knight\". After being replaced in later seasons, his original theme song for the hit TV show \"ER\" returned for the final episode of the series. In September 2010, he was appointed visiting professor of media composition at the Royal Academy of Music in London. From 2012-2015, James Newton Howard scored the music for the critically acclaimed \"Hunger Games\" franchise. From 2014-2015, Howard saw major success with \"\" when he composed the score for the movie, which included \"The Hanging Tree\", featuring vocals from actress Jennifer Lawrence. The song peaked at number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the highest-charting", "title": "James Newton Howard" }, { "id": "1903948", "text": "the tracks, \"Webster Hall\", is co-written by Robertson and Garth Hudson. Robertson also worked with Scorsese on selecting the film's opening theme music, choosing the intermezzo from \"Cavalleria Rusticana\" by Italian opera composer Pietro Mascagni. The soundtrack was finally released by Capitol Records in 2005 as a 37 track, 2-CD set. Robertson worked with Scorsese again on his next film, \"The King of Comedy\" (1983), and is credited in the film's opening credits for \"Music Production\". Robertson contributed one original song, \"Between Trains,\" to the film's soundtrack. The song was written in tribute to \"Cowboy\" Dan Johnson, an assistant of", "title": "Robbie Robertson" }, { "id": "2700643", "text": "as the voice for recurring character Elvin on \"King of the Hill\", and in television commercial voice-overs for the \"KFC\" fast food restaurant chain and the \"Firestone Tire and Rubber Company\". In addition, Adkins has written an autobiography entitled \"A Personal Stand: Observations and Opinions from a Free-Thinking Roughneck\", which was released in late 2007. He has appeared in numerous films, including \"The Lincoln Lawyer\", \"Moms' Night Out\" and \"I Can Only Imagine\". Adkins was born in Sarepta, Louisiana. His paternal grandparents were Rayford D. Adkins (1921-1987) and the former Mavis Giles, later Mavis Tilley (1923-1999). His parents are the", "title": "Trace Adkins" }, { "id": "18639982", "text": "Backstreet Boys, O Town, Jessica Simpson, Cece Winans and The Saturdays. In the Film and TV world, Sheyne has written end titles for Disney’s ‘The Princess Diaries’, ‘Confessions of A Teenage Drama Queen’ and the Golden Globe nominated film ‘The Young Victoria’ . TV shows that have featured Sheyne’s songs include ‘Hannah Montana’, ‘Jump In’, ‘Camp Rock’, ’’, ‘Sonny with a Chance’, ‘Lizzie Maguire’, ‘Beverly Hills 90210’, ‘Roswell’, ‘King of the Hill’, ‘American Idol’, ‘Canadian Idol’, ‘X Factor’, ‘The Voice’, ‘Good Morning America’, ‘Fame’ and ‘General Hospital’ to name but a few. Sheyne additionally wrote and sang the theme tune", "title": "Pam Sheyne" }, { "id": "1901254", "text": "screenplay, overall execution and Costner's performance. Despite that it was a box office success, grossing over $390 million worldwide, ranking as the second-highest-grossing film of 1991 worldwide. For his role as George, Sheriff of Nottingham, Rickman received the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. The film's theme song, \"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You\", by Bryan Adams, was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song and won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television. Costner's performance as Robin Hood garnered poor reviews and won him the", "title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" }, { "id": "3147236", "text": "Lauren Tom Lauren Tom (born August 4, 1961) is an American actress and voice actress. Her roles include Lena St. Clair in \"The Joy Luck Club\", Julie in the NBC sitcom \"Friends\", Dot in the final season of \"Grace Under Fire\", and the voices for both mother and daughter characters on three animated TV comedy series: on \"Futurama\" she voiced Amy Wong and her mother Inez, on \"King of the Hill\" as Minh and Connie Souphanousinphone. She portrays Celia Mack in the Disney Channel series \"Andi Mack\". Tom was born in the Chicago suburb of Highland Park, Illinois, the daughter", "title": "Lauren Tom" }, { "id": "737336", "text": "himself as a tutor to Homer Simpson on the art of lyric writing, composing a brief song about a drunk girl driving down the road while concerned with the state of public schools. Later in the episode, he loses a toe during a riot. Petty had a recurring role as the voice of Elroy \"Lucky\" Kleinschmidt in the animated comedy series \"King of the Hill\" from 2004 to 2009. In 2010, Petty made a five-second cameo appearance with comedian Andy Samberg in a musical video titled \"Great Day\" featured on the bonus DVD as part of The Lonely Island's new", "title": "Tom Petty" }, { "id": "9141902", "text": "Center in Saratoga Springs. In January 2012, DeGraw reported that he had made a full recovery from his injuries. In September 2017, DeGraw's mother, Lynne DeGraw, died of pancreatic cancer. Gavin DeGraw Gavin Shane DeGraw (born February 4, 1977) is an American musician, singer and songwriter. He rose to fame with the single \"I Don't Want to Be\" from his debut album \"Chariot\" which became the theme song for the television drama series \"One Tree Hill\". Other singles from the album included notably \"Chariot\" and \"Follow Through\". His second self-titled album was released in 2008 and included the top-twenty single", "title": "Gavin DeGraw" }, { "id": "4501039", "text": "band's bassist was Mike Judge, future animator and creator of \"Beavis and Butt-head\" and \"King of the Hill\". Their song \"Can We Get Together\" was also featured in the film, \"21 Grams\" in 2003. In 2007, Funderburgh played on and produced John Németh's album, \"Magic Touch\". Németh had briefly replaced Myers in Funderburgh's backing band. In 2011, \"The Mill Block Blues\" album was released. The CD was unique in that a portion of the sales of the album was donated to help fellow musicians in need via the HART Fund. The HART Fund (Handy Artist Relief Trust) is a service", "title": "Anson Funderburgh" }, { "id": "4065403", "text": "based on reviews from 31 critics with an average score of 7.9/10, the site's critical consensus reads: \" A subtle, affecting, character-driven coming-of-age story, \"King Of The Hill\" is one of Steven Soderbergh's best and most criminally overlooked films.\" King of the Hill (film) King of the Hill is a 1993 drama film written and directed by Steven Soderbergh. It is the second he directed from his own screenplay following his 1989 Palme d'Or-winning film \"Sex, Lies, and Videotape.\" It too was nominated for the Palme d'Or, at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival. Based on the Depression-era bildungsroman memoir of", "title": "King of the Hill (film)" }, { "id": "5674649", "text": "and \"Remember the Feeling\"), and sang (with Cetera) the hit single \"Hard Habit to Break\". In 1988 Champlin's voice appeared prominently on several major hit singles from \"Chicago 19\": \"Look Away\", \"I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love\", and \"You're Not Alone\". That year he also sang the theme to the television show \"In the Heat of the Night\". In 1990 Champlin wrote, produced, and sang lead on \"Hearts in Trouble\", a song for the movie soundtrack of \"Days of Thunder\". Originally a solo song, the producers of the movie decided, for marketing purposes, that it be released under the", "title": "Bill Champlin" }, { "id": "3634987", "text": "was next to step back into the group's life in 1980. He'd just come off back to back successes with Gloria Gaynor and Peaches & Herb and had won a Grammy for Gaynor's huge hit I Will Survive. RCA expressed interest in the band's new project and gave them an advance to go ahead and start recording. The project was originally to be titled \"King of the Mountain\", with the title track slated to be the theme of a 1981 movie of the same name that starred Harry Hamlin. But the movie people passed on the song, and when the", "title": "Rare Earth (band)" }, { "id": "6656925", "text": "including Bill, Dale, and Boomhauer. It attempts to maintain a realistic approach, seeking humor in the conventional and mundane aspects of everyday life. Judge began creating \"King of the Hill\" during his time making the MTV series \"Beavis and Butthead\", which he also created and voiced. After pitching the pilot to Fox, Judge was paired with Greg Daniels, an experienced writer who previously worked on \"The Simpsons\". The series debuted on the Fox network as a mid-season replacement in 1997, quickly becoming a hit. The series' popularity led to worldwide syndication, and reruns aired on Adult Swim from 2009 until", "title": "King of the Hill" }, { "id": "13118412", "text": "Clock Strikes \"Clock Strikes\" is a hip hop song by hip-hop duo Timbaland & Magoo, released as the third single from their debut studio album, \"Welcome to Our World\", on April 14, 1998. The track features rapper Mad Skillz. The single remix of the track uses a sample of theme tune to the hit television show \"Knight Rider\". The song peaked at #37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart, making it their second top 40 hit on the chart after their debut single \"Up Jumps da Boogie\". It also peaked at on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "Clock Strikes" }, { "id": "12128331", "text": "single \"King of the Hill\". In addition, several members of the Heartbreakers provide musical backing on a number of the album's tracks. Other prominent songwriters on the album—besides McGuinn and his wife Camilla—are Elvis Costello, Jules Shear and Dave Stewart of the Eurythmics. The album was generally well received by music critics and it peaked at #44 on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart. Two singles were drawn from the album: \"King of the Hill\" and \"Someone to Love\", which peaked at #2 and #12 respectively, on the \"Billboard\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. In Europe, \"Back from Rio\" was released", "title": "Back from Rio" }, { "id": "5027549", "text": "film \"Son of the Mask,\" and she performed \"The Wish Song\" on the 2006 charity album \"Unexpected Dreams – Songs From the Stars.\" In 2007, she joined Nikki Blonsky and Ricki Lake in singing \"Mama, I'm a Big Girl Now\" on the \"Hairspray\" soundtrack; in director John Waters's original film, Lake had originated the role that Winokur (on stage) and Blonsky (on screen, in the film version of the musical) had respectively reprised, that of Tracy Turnblad. Winokur has also lent her voice to several cartoon shows, including \"American Dad!\" and \"King of the Hill.\" Winokur was featured on Season", "title": "Marissa Jaret Winokur" }, { "id": "9048486", "text": "\"Billions\" and \"The Knick\". Errico has had roles in a number of films, including \"Mockingbird Don't Sing\", \"Frequency\", and \"Life or Something Like It\". In 2013, Errico recorded the theme song for the movie \"Max Rose\". The soundtrack features an original score by Michel Legrand, and Errico sang the main title track, \"Hurry Home\". Errico's recording of a song from David Shire's new musical \"Table\" was aired in April 2015 on NPR radio on The Jonathan Schwartz show for WYNC. She reprised her performance as Venus at City Center Encores! Broadway Bash! in November 2001. Errico made her London debut", "title": "Melissa Errico" }, { "id": "1954084", "text": "Mike Judge Michael Craig Judge (born October 17, 1962) is an American actor, voice actor, comedian, animator, writer, producer, and director. Judge is the creator of the television series \"Beavis and Butt-Head\" (1993–97, 2011), and co-creator of the television series \"King of the Hill\" (1997–2010), \"The Goode Family\" (2009), \"Silicon Valley\" (2014–present), and \"\" (2017). He also wrote and directed the films \"Beavis and Butt-Head Do America\" (1996), \"Office Space\" (1999), \"Idiocracy\" (2006), and \"Extract\" (2009). Raised in New Mexico, Judge graduated from University of California, San Diego, where he studied physics. After becoming uninterested in his career in science,", "title": "Mike Judge" }, { "id": "4143670", "text": "(2007 film). In 2011 Jones appeared in the documentary film \"Looking for Lenny\" in which he talks about Lenny Bruce and freedom of speech. In 2012, Jones starred in Joe Penna's original interactive thriller series \"Meridian\" created in conjunction with Fourth Wall Studios. Jones has been featured in many voice acting projects over the years. In 1993, Jones appeared in \"Yuletide in the 'hood\" and in 1998, he made a guest appearance in the animated comedy TV Series, King Of The Hill. More recently, he lent his voice to the TV series \"Father of the Pride\" and the video games", "title": "Orlando Jones" }, { "id": "2221546", "text": "\"A Good Medium is Rare,\" a 1972 episode of \"The New Scooby-Doo Movies\". In 1998, Diller provided the voice of the Queen in \"A Bug's Life\". Among her other animated films are \"The Nutcracker Prince\" (1990, as Mousequeen), \"Happily Ever After\" (1990, as Mother Nature), and \"Casper's Scare School\" (2006, as Aunt Spitzy). She voiced characters in several television series, including \"Robot Chicken\", \"Family Guy\", \"Wait Till Your Father Gets Home\", \"Captain Planet\", \"Cow and Chicken\", \"Hey Arnold!\" as Arnold's grandpa's sister Mitzi, \"The Powerpuff Girls\", \"Animaniacs\", \"\" as Jimmy's grandmother, \"The Wild Thornberrys\", and \"King of the Hill\". She", "title": "Phyllis Diller" }, { "id": "20166901", "text": "Murray Miller Murray Selig Miller (born December 2, 1976) is an American producer, writer and filmmaker. Miller has produced and written for many television programs, including \"King of the Hill\" (2006), \"American Dad!\" (2010), \"Girls\" (2013), \"7 Days in Hell\" (2015), and \"Tour de Pharmacy\" (2017). Miller was born to a Jewish family, the son of Gary and Zoe Miller. He is a graduate of Monte Vista High School in Danville, California. He has one sister, Geneva Wasserman, and one brother, writer Judah Miller, who is married to Marissa Jaret Winokur. He attended New York University, where Andy Samberg was", "title": "Murray Miller" } ]

[ "Virat Kohli (India)" ]

[ { "id": "15661472", "text": "the award is shared. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 ICC ODI Player of the Year Award The ICC One-day Player of the Year is an annual award presented since 2004 by the International Cricket Council to the best One Day International player. It is one of the annual ICC Awards. The recipient of the annual award is selected by an \"academy\" of 56 individuals (expanded from 50 in 2004), including the current national team captains of the Test-playing nations (10), members of the elite panel of ICC umpires and referees (18),", "title": "ICC ODI Player of the Year Award" }, { "id": "14961279", "text": "2010 ICC Awards The 2010 ICC Awards were held on 6 October 2010 in Bengaluru, India, in association with the Federation of International Cricketers' Associations. The International Cricket Council has been hosting the ICC Awards since 2004. Previous events have been held in London, Sydney, Mumbai, Johannesburg and Dubai. The ICC awards the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy to the Cricketer of the Year, which is considered to be the most prestigious award in world cricket. The nominations for seven of the awards were made by a five-man ICC selection panel chaired by ICC Cricket Hall of Famer, Clive Lloyd. The", "title": "2010 ICC Awards" }, { "id": "3358417", "text": "ICC Awards The ICC Awards are a set of sports awards for cricket. The awards recognise and honor the best international cricket players of the previous 12 months. The awards have been institutionalised by International Cricket Council since 2004. Between 2011 and 2014 the awards were known, for sponsorship reasons, as the LG ICC Awards. The following awards have been or currently are presented: In December 2016, ICC Development Programme Awards was announced for ICC's Associate and Affiliate Members aimed at creating improving structures within the 95 member federations. The judging/voting period was originally from 1 August of the current", "title": "ICC Awards" }, { "id": "3358424", "text": "into account players' performance between 21 September 2016 and 31 December 2017. The announcement of the World Test XI and World ODI XI, along with the winners of the men's individual ICC awards, was made on 18 January 2018. Award winners were: The voting panel will take into account players' performance between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018. ICC Awards The ICC Awards are a set of sports awards for cricket. The awards recognise and honor the best international cricket players of the previous 12 months. The awards have been institutionalised by International Cricket Council since 2004. Between 2011", "title": "ICC Awards" }, { "id": "3358418", "text": "year to 31 July of the next year. It has since undergone two changes and now takes place presently between September of the current year and September of the next year. The ICC Selection committee comprises eminent former players and select the finalists for the ICC Cricketer of the Year, ICC Test Player of the Year, ICC ODI Player of the Year, ICC Emerging Player of the Year. The committee selects the final ICC Test Team of the Year and ICC ODI Team of the Year. The final selection for the award is voted for by an academy of 56", "title": "ICC Awards" }, { "id": "15600200", "text": "ICC Test Player of the Year The ICC Test Player of the Year is an annual award, presented since 2004 by the International Cricket Council to the best Test player over the year in question. It is one of the annual ICC Awards. The recipient of the annual award is selected by an \"academy\" of 56 individuals (expanded from 50 in 2004), including the current national team captains of the Test-playing nations (10), members of the elite panel of ICC umpires and referees (18), and certain prominent former players and cricket correspondents (28). In the event of a tie in", "title": "ICC Test Player of the Year" }, { "id": "15661471", "text": "ICC ODI Player of the Year Award The ICC One-day Player of the Year is an annual award presented since 2004 by the International Cricket Council to the best One Day International player. It is one of the annual ICC Awards. The recipient of the annual award is selected by an \"academy\" of 56 individuals (expanded from 50 in 2004), including the current national team captains of the Test-playing nations (10), members of the elite panel of ICC umpires and referees (18), and certain prominent former players and cricket correspondents (28). In the event of a tie in the voting,", "title": "ICC ODI Player of the Year Award" }, { "id": "13760164", "text": "into their sixth year. The previous ones were held in London, Sydney, Mumbai and Dubai, with Johannesburg having hosted twice now. The ICC awards the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy to the Cricketer of the Year, that of which is considered to be the most prestigious award in world cricket. As the logo of these awards now suggests, LG, one of the world's leading electronic brand is sponsoring these awards along with other ICC sponsors. The ICC Awards selection panel were given a difficult task; providing a long-list of nominations to the 25 members of the voting academy to cast their", "title": "2009 ICC Awards" }, { "id": "15600201", "text": "the voting, the award is shared. ICC Test Player of the Year The ICC Test Player of the Year is an annual award, presented since 2004 by the International Cricket Council to the best Test player over the year in question. It is one of the annual ICC Awards. The recipient of the annual award is selected by an \"academy\" of 56 individuals (expanded from 50 in 2004), including the current national team captains of the Test-playing nations (10), members of the elite panel of ICC umpires and referees (18), and certain prominent former players and cricket correspondents (28). In", "title": "ICC Test Player of the Year" }, { "id": "6212024", "text": "Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy The Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy is a cricket trophy awarded annually by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to its chosen world player of the year. It is considered to be the most prestigious of the annual ICC Awards and was first awarded in 2004 to Rahul Dravid. The trophy is named after former West Indies cricket captain Sir Garfield Sobers, whose name was chosen by a panel consisting of Richie Benaud, Sunil Gavaskar and Michael Holding. They were asked by the ICC to select \"an individual with whom to honour cricket's ultimate individual award\". The recipient", "title": "Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy" }, { "id": "11635193", "text": "the Year) in 2017; ICC ODI Player of the Year in 2012, 2017 and Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World in 2016, 2017. He was given the Arjuna Award in 2013, the Padma Shri under the sports category in 2017 and the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, the highest sporting honour in India, in 2018. Alongside his cricket career, Kohli co-owns FC Goa in the ISL, the IPTL franchise UAE Royals and the PWL team Bengaluru Yodhas. He also has other business ventures and over 20 brand endorsements. Kohli is ranked as one of the world's most famous athletes by ESPN", "title": "Virat Kohli" }, { "id": "16368538", "text": "2012 LG ICC Awards The 2012 LG ICC Awards were held on 15 September 2012 in Colombo in Sri Lanka. The International Cricket Council (ICC) has been hosting ICC Awards since 2004 and now is in its ninth year. The previous ones were held in London (2004), Sydney (2005), Mumbai (2006), Johannesburg (2007, 2009), Dubai (2008), Bengaluru (2010) and London (2011). The ICC awards Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy to the Cricketer of the Year which is considered the most prestigious award in world cricket. The Selection Panel members were: Michael Clarke was selected as the captain of the World Test", "title": "2012 LG ICC Awards" }, { "id": "15860825", "text": "2011 LG ICC Awards The 2011 LG ICC Awards were held on 12 September 2011 in London in England. The awards were presented in association with Federation of International Cricketers' Associations. The International Cricket Council has been hosting the ICC Awards since 2004 and was then in its eighth year. The previous ones were held in London (2004), Sydney (2005), Mumbai (2006), Johannesburg (2007, 2009), Dubai (2008) and Bengaluru (2010). The ICC awards the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy to the Cricketer of the Year, that of which is considered to be the most prestigious award in world cricket. Selection Panel", "title": "2011 LG ICC Awards" }, { "id": "14961281", "text": "the International Cricket Council also announced dream teams in different formats of the game of cricket. They are the following: The following is the shortlist for the 2010 ICC Awards: Pakistan 2010 ICC Awards The 2010 ICC Awards were held on 6 October 2010 in Bengaluru, India, in association with the Federation of International Cricketers' Associations. The International Cricket Council has been hosting the ICC Awards since 2004. Previous events have been held in London, Sydney, Mumbai, Johannesburg and Dubai. The ICC awards the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy to the Cricketer of the Year, which is considered to be the", "title": "2010 ICC Awards" }, { "id": "15860827", "text": "the following: 2011 LG ICC Awards The 2011 LG ICC Awards were held on 12 September 2011 in London in England. The awards were presented in association with Federation of International Cricketers' Associations. The International Cricket Council has been hosting the ICC Awards since 2004 and was then in its eighth year. The previous ones were held in London (2004), Sydney (2005), Mumbai (2006), Johannesburg (2007, 2009), Dubai (2008) and Bengaluru (2010). The ICC awards the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy to the Cricketer of the Year, that of which is considered to be the most prestigious award in world cricket.", "title": "2011 LG ICC Awards" }, { "id": "3358421", "text": "Sri Lanka. For the first time, honors for both Women's Cricketer of the Year and Captain of the Year were awarded. Award winners were: The fourth ICC awards ceremony was held in Johannesburg, South Africa. For the first time, honor for Associate Player of the Year was awarded. Award winners were: The fifth ICC awards ceremony was held in Dubai, U.A.E. on 10 September 2008 and saw the Twenty20 International Performance of the Year award inaugurated. Award winners were: The sixth ICC awards ceremony was held in Johannesburg, South Africa on 1 October 2009. Award winners were: The seventh ICC", "title": "ICC Awards" }, { "id": "3358419", "text": "(expanded from 50 in 2004), which includes current national team captains of Test playing nations (10), members of the Elite panel of ICC umpires and referees (18), prominent former players and cricket correspondents (28). In the event of a tie in the voting, the award is shared. The inaugural ICC awards ceremony was held on 7 September 2004, in London. The judging period covered was from 1 August 2003 to 31 July 2004 and included all Test matches and One Day Internationals played during that period. Award winners were: The second ICC awards ceremony was held at the Four Seasons", "title": "ICC Awards" }, { "id": "14010885", "text": "by the President of India. In 2009, he was the number one ranked batsman in ICC Test rankings. The same year, he was the recipient of the ICC Test Player of the Year award. In October 2018, during the quarter-finals of the 2018–19 Vijay Hazare Trophy, he scored his 10,000th run in List A cricket. In December 2018, he announced his retirement from all forms of cricket. Gambhir was born in New Delhi to Deepak Gambhir, who manages a textiles business, and Seema Gambhir, a housewife. Gambhir has a sister, Ekta, who is two years younger to him. Gambhir was", "title": "Gautam Gambhir" }, { "id": "19640039", "text": "to complete a hat-trick. Apart from Lara, three cricketers have won the award more than once: Shivnarine Chanderpaul (2008 and 2009), Chris Gayle (2007 and 2011) and Marlon Samuels (2013 and 2016). Chanderpaul has won the Test Player of the Year award four times (2008, 2009, 2013 and 2014), the most by any player, while the ODI Player of the Year has been won twice each by Chanderpaul, Gayle and Samuels. The T20I Player of the Year award was introduced in 2010 and only Sunil Narine has won it more than once (in 2013 and 2014). The only award in", "title": "WICB/WIPA Awards" }, { "id": "6376980", "text": "\"Heyhoe-Flint\"). Their son Ben (born 1982) also played cricket but emigrated to Singapore in 2001 where he runs businesses related to sports and entertainment. She was also stepmother to Derrick Flint's children: Simon, Hazel and Rowan Flint. Her death, after a short illness, was announced by Lord's on 18 January 2017. She was remembered during the \"in memoriam\" at the 2017 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Awards. In memory of Heyhoe Flint, in 2017 the International Cricket Council named their ICC Women’s Cricketer of the Year accolade, the Rachael Heyhoe Flint Award. With Netta Rheinberg, she co-authored a history", "title": "Rachael Heyhoe Flint, Baroness Heyhoe Flint" }, { "id": "16491036", "text": "by nine different players. Stafanie Taylor and Sarah Taylor have won it three times each and Meg Lanning twice, making them the only multiple recipients of the awards. Stafanie Taylor have been short listed nine times (winning three times) the most by any player. Lisa Sthalekar have been short listed on the most occasions (3) without winning the award. In total, 22 players have been nominated from six different teams. Jhulan Goswami (2007 winner), Stafanie Taylor (2011, 2013 ODI, 2015 T20I winner) and Suzie Bates (2013 ODI winner) are the only winners not to play for either Australia or England,", "title": "ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year" }, { "id": "16491037", "text": "representing India, the West Indies and New Zealand respectively. ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year The International Cricket Council (ICC) Women's Cricketer of the Year is an award given annually as part of the ICC Awards ceremony. Although the Awards were first held in 2004, the first women's award was made in 2006. Karen Rolton, the inaugural winner of the award commented that it was \"great for women's cricket... that the ICC has included a women's award this year\". The award is based upon the players' performances in the voting period, typically from August for a year. Prior to 2009,", "title": "ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year" }, { "id": "7062703", "text": "Lance Cairns, Ewen Chatfield, Jeremy Coney, Jeff Crowe, Martin Crowe, Richard Hadlee, Paul McEwan, John Reid, Ian Smith, Martin Snedden, John Wright. Javed Miandad (captain), Anil Dalpat, Azeem Hafeez, Imran Khan, Mohsin Khan, Mudassar Nazar, Qasim Omar, Rameez Raja, Rashid Khan, Saleem Malik, Tahir Naqqash, Wasim Akram, Wasim Raja, Zaheer Abbas. Duleep Mendis (captain), Ashantha de Mel, Somachandra de Silva, Roy Dias, Vinothen John, Uvais Karnain, Ranjan Madugalle, Arjuna Ranatunga, Rumesh Ratnayake, Ravi Ratnayeke, Amal Silva. Clive Lloyd (captain), Winston Davis, Jeff Dujon, Joel Garner, Larry Gomes, Roger Harper, Desmond Haynes, Michael Holding, Gus Logie, Malcolm Marshall, Thelston Payne, Viv", "title": "World Championship of Cricket" }, { "id": "11924658", "text": "the Year for 2016. In the process, he became the third Indian to win the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for the ICC Cricketer of the Year after Rahul Dravid and Sachin Tendulkar, and also the second cricketer ever after Dravid to win the two awards in the same year. When India tour Australia , in first test's second innings Ashwin bowled 52.5 overs while conceding just 92 runs and taking 3 wickets at an economy at 1.74 per over. Ashwin started his IPL career with Chennai Super Kings in 2009. He went on to win two consecutive IPL titles with", "title": "Ravichandran Ashwin" }, { "id": "12868756", "text": "ICC Cricket Hall of Fame The ICC Cricket Hall of Fame \"recognises the achievements of the legends of the game from cricket's long and illustrious history\". It was launched by the International Cricket Council (ICC) in Dubai on 2 January 2009, in association with the Federation of International Cricketers' Associations (FICA), as part of the ICC's centenary celebrations. The initial inductees were the 55 players included in the FICA Hall of Fame which ran from 1999 to 2003, but further members are added each year during the ICC Awards ceremony. The inaugural inductees ranged from W. G. Grace, who retired", "title": "ICC Cricket Hall of Fame" }, { "id": "11924635", "text": "BCCI's international cricketer of the year for the 2012–13 season. He also won the ICC Cricketer of the year 2016 along with ICC Test Cricketer of the year 2016 in December 2016. Ashwin was born on 17 September 1986 in a Tamil family. He lives in West Mambalam, Chennai. He did his schooling from Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan and St. Bede's. He attended SSN College of Engineering and graduated with a BTech in Information Technology. His father Ravichandran played cricket at the club level as a fast bowler. His career took a big turn when he shifted schools and joined", "title": "Ravichandran Ashwin" }, { "id": "16616466", "text": "Quinton de Kock Quinton de Kock (born 17 December 1992) is a South African professional cricketer who plays for the Titans at the domestic level and the South African national team. He also plays for Mumbai Indians in Indian Premier League. He was named the Cricketer of the Year at Cricket South Africa's 2017 Annual Awards. He is widely regarded as one of the best wicket-keeper batsmen in the world and has drawn comparisons with former Australian great Adam Gilchrist. An opening batsman and wicket-keeper, de Kock made his domestic debut for the Highveld Lions during the 2012/2013 season. He", "title": "Quinton de Kock" }, { "id": "9776445", "text": "Sehwag (India), Muttiah Muralitharan (Sri Lanka). Winner: Rahul Dravid (India) (\"2003–04 Performance\": 9 Matches, 1241 Runs, 3x100, 4x50, 11 Catches) <br>Nominees: Andrew Flintoff (England), Steve Harmison (England), Ricky Ponting (Australia), Matthew Hayden (Australia), Adam Gilchrist (Australia), Jason Gillespie (Australia), Jacques Kallis (South Africa), Brian Lara (West Indies), VVS Laxman (India), Virender Sehwag (India), Muttiah Muralitharan (Sri Lanka). Winner: Andrew Flintoff (England) <br>Nominees: Stephen Fleming (New Zealand), Daniel Vettori (New Zealand), Ricky Ponting (Australia), Matthew Hayden (Australia), Adam Gilchrist (Australia), Jason Gillespie (Australia), Andrew Symonds (Australia), Jacques Kallis (South Africa), Shaun Pollock (South Africa), Chris Gayle (West Indies), VVS Laxman (India),", "title": "2004 ICC Awards" }, { "id": "11848167", "text": "a book written in 1973. \"...Eventually I see the Iverson method being best employed by an On 10 September 2008, Ajantha Mendis has won the \"Emerging Player of the Year\" award at the ICC Awards ceremony in Dubai. Mendis was the top choice of the 25-person Voting Academy, coming in ahead of England's up-and-coming Stuart Broad, South Africa fast bowler Morne Morkel and fast bowler Ishant Sharma of India. The Emerging Player of the Year Award was one of eight individual prizes given at the 2008, ICC Awards. Players eligible for this award must be under 26 years of age", "title": "Ajantha Mendis" }, { "id": "7062702", "text": "Final while the winners contested the Final. Allan Border (captain), Terry Alderman, Peter Faulkner, Rodney Hogg, Kim Hughes, Dean Jones, Robbie Kerr, Geoff Lawson, Rod McCurdy, Craig McDermott, Simon O'Donnell, Wayne B. Phillips, Kepler Wessels, Graeme Wood. David Gower (captain), Jonathan Agnew, Norman Cowans, Chris Cowdrey, Paul Downton, Phil Edmonds, Richard Ellison, Neil Foster, Graeme Fowler, Mike Gatting, Allan Lamb, Vic Marks, Martyn Moxon, Tim Robinson. Sunil Gavaskar (captain), Mohinder Amarnath, Mohammad Azharuddin, Roger Binny, Kapil Dev, Madan Lal, Chetan Sharma, Ravi Shastri, Laxman Sivaramakrishnan, Krishnamachari Srikkanth, Dilip Vengsarkar, Sadanand Viswanath, Manoj Prabhakar, Ashok Malhotra. Geoff Howarth (captain), John Bracewell,", "title": "World Championship of Cricket" }, { "id": "11924631", "text": "Ravichandran Ashwin Ravichandran Ashwin (; born 17 September 1986) is an Indian international cricketer. An all-rounder who bats right-handed and bowls right-arm off break, Ashwin plays for Tamil Nadu in domestic cricket and captains Kings XI Punjab in the Indian Premier League. He is the fastest Indian bowler (also in some records the fastest in the world) to reach the 50-, 100-, 150-, 200-, 250- and 300-wicket mark in Test cricket. In 2016, he became the third Indian to win the ICC Cricketer of the Year award. Having achieved little success as an opening batsman at junior-level cricket, Ashwin dropped", "title": "Ravichandran Ashwin" }, { "id": "6304734", "text": "He is a three-time ICC ODI player of the year, winning the award in 2010, 2014 and 2015. He succeeded Graeme Smith after the 2011 Cricket World Cup for the ODI captaincy and Hashim Amla after the Second Test of the England in South Africa series for the Test captaincy. He stepped down from Test captaincy in December 2016 due to an elbow injury which kept him out of the team for a long period. De Villiers became the second-youngest and second-fastest South African to reach 1,000 test runs after Graeme Pollock. In his Test career so far has batted,", "title": "AB de Villiers" }, { "id": "16491034", "text": "ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year The International Cricket Council (ICC) Women's Cricketer of the Year is an award given annually as part of the ICC Awards ceremony. Although the Awards were first held in 2004, the first women's award was made in 2006. Karen Rolton, the inaugural winner of the award commented that it was \"great for women's cricket... that the ICC has included a women's award this year\". The award is based upon the players' performances in the voting period, typically from August for a year. Prior to 2009, each of the top ten women's national teams nominated", "title": "ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year" }, { "id": "3358423", "text": "as a TV show. The voting panel took into account players' performance between 26 August 2013 and 17 September 2014. The show was broadcast globally on 15/16 November. Award winners were: The voting panel took into account players' performance between 18 September 2014 and 13 September 2015. Award winners were: The voting panel took into account players' performance between 14 September 2015 and 20 September 2016. The announcement of the World Test XI and World one-day XI, along with the winners of the men's individual ICC awards, was made on 21 December 2016. Award winners were: The voting panel took", "title": "ICC Awards" }, { "id": "18086006", "text": "2006 ICC Awards The 2006 ICC Awards were held on November 3, 2006 in Mumbai, India. The annual awards had been instigated in London in 2004 and in 2005 they were announced in Sydney. They were conducted during the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy. For the first time, honours for both Women's Cricketer of the Year and Captain of the Year were awarded. Selection panel members: The winners and nominees of various individual awards were: Rahul Dravid was selected as the captain of the Test team. In addition to a wicket-keeper, 9 other players and a 12th man were also announced", "title": "2006 ICC Awards" }, { "id": "2051381", "text": "Australia. Among the awards that Sobers won during his playing career were: In 2000 Sobers was named by a 100-member panel of experts as one of the five \"Wisden Cricketers of the Century\". He received 90 votes out of a possible 100. The other four cricketers selected for the honour were Don Bradman (100 votes), Jack Hobbs (30), Shane Warne (27) and Viv Richards (25). In 2004, the International Cricket Council (ICC) inaugurated the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy which is awarded annually to the player selected by ICC as its Player of the Year. The recommendation to name the award", "title": "Garfield Sobers" }, { "id": "13760166", "text": "Dhoni was also selected as the captain and wicketkeeper of the World one-day XI. Other players are: The shortlist for the 2009 ICC Awards were announced by International Cricket Council on 15 September 2009 directly from Dubai. They are the following: The following are the nominations for the 2009 ICC Awards in different categories. They were announced by Virender Sehwag and Ravi Shastri in the presence of ICC CEO Haroon Lorgat. 2009 ICC Awards The 2009 ICC Awards were held on 1 October 2009 in Johannesburg, South Africa for before the semi-finals of 2009 ICC Champions Trophy. Nominations were announced", "title": "2009 ICC Awards" }, { "id": "12868759", "text": "and Claire Taylor inducted in 2018. Inaugural member inducted in January 2009. General Specific ICC Cricket Hall of Fame The ICC Cricket Hall of Fame \"recognises the achievements of the legends of the game from cricket's long and illustrious history\". It was launched by the International Cricket Council (ICC) in Dubai on 2 January 2009, in association with the Federation of International Cricketers' Associations (FICA), as part of the ICC's centenary celebrations. The initial inductees were the 55 players included in the FICA Hall of Fame which ran from 1999 to 2003, but further members are added each year during", "title": "ICC Cricket Hall of Fame" }, { "id": "9776446", "text": "Sachin Tendulkar (India), Muttiah Muralitharan (Sri Lanka), Chaminda Vaas (Sri Lanka), Abdul Razzaq (Pakistan), Heath Streak (Zimbabwe). Winner: Irfan Pathan (India) <br> Nominees: Tino Best (West Indies), Devon Smith (West Indies), Michael Clarke (Australia), Imran Farhat (Pakistan), Umar Gul (Pakistan), Yasir Hameed (Pakistan), Hamish Marshall (New Zealand). Simon Taufel (Australia) New Zealand 2004 ICC Awards The 2004 ICC Awards were held at Alexandra Palace, in London on 7 September 2004. They were the inaugural episode and were aimed at recognizing the best individual and team performances of the previous year. Presenting Sponsors: Hyundai Other Sponsors & Partners Winner: Rahul Dravid", "title": "2004 ICC Awards" }, { "id": "1863377", "text": "Bhushan award, India's fourth and third highest civilian awards respectively. In 2014, Rahul Dravid joined the GoSports Foundation, Bangalore as a member of their board of advisors. In collaboration with GoSports Foundation he is mentoring India's future Olympians and Paralympians as part of the Rahul Dravid Athlete Mentorship Programme. Indian badminton player Prannoy Kumar, Para-swimmer Sharath Gayakwad and young Golfer S. Chikkarangappa was part of the initial group of athletes to be mentored by Rahul Dravid. In July 2018, Dravid became the fifth Indian cricketer to be inducted into ICC Hall of Fame. Dravid was born in a Marathi Deshastha", "title": "Rahul Dravid" }, { "id": "7062712", "text": "Ryan ten Doeschate Ryan Neil ten Doeschate (; born June 30, 1980) is a Dutch professional cricketer who has represented the Netherlands at both One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) level. Considered \"one of the finest players the non-Test world has ever produced\", he has been named ICC Associate Player of the Year on a record three occasions, in 2008, 2010, and 2011. Ten Doeschate holds the highest batting average in ODI cricket by a batsman with more than 20 innings. Born and raised in South Africa, ten Doeschate signed with Essex CCC for the 2003 English season,", "title": "Ryan ten Doeschate" }, { "id": "7062723", "text": "opening batsmen Ravi Bopara and Luke Wright and being the not out batsman with a score of 22. October 2010, ten Doeschate was named Associate and Affiliate Player of the Year at the ICC Awards in Bangalore. He had previously won this award in 2008. During the qualifying period, he made one century and three half centuries in ODIs. Ten Doeschate won over Afghanistan's Mohammad Shahzad and the Irish duo of Trent Johnston and Kevin O'Brien. In 2011 he was chosen ahead of Afghanistan fast bowler Hamid Hassan and the Irish centurions in the 2011 Cricket World Cup, Paul Stirling", "title": "Ryan ten Doeschate" }, { "id": "4862427", "text": "been the recipient of many awards, including the ICC ODI Player of the Year award in 2008 and 2009 (the first player to win the award twice), the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2007, the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour, in 2009 and the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour, in 2018. He was named as the captain of the ICC World Test XI in 2009, 2010 and 2013. He has also been selected a record 8 times in ICC World ODI XI teams, 5 times as captain. The Indian Territorial Army conferred the honorary rank", "title": "MS Dhoni" }, { "id": "6212025", "text": "of the annual award is selected by an \"academy\" of 56 individuals (expanded from 50 in 2004), including the current national team captains of the Test-playing nations (10), members of the elite panel of ICC umpires and referees (18), and certain prominent former players and cricket correspondents (28). In the event of a tie in the voting, the award is shared. The inaugural recipient of the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy was Indian Test batsman Rahul Dravid. Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy The Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy is a cricket trophy awarded annually by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to its chosen", "title": "Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy" }, { "id": "3366165", "text": "wickets in the tournament. Shikhar Dhawan received the \"Golden Bat\" for scoring the most runs in the series and was also adjudged the Man of the Series for his consistent outstanding performances. MS Dhoni became the first captain in history to win all three major ICC trophies – World Cup in 2011, World T20 in 2007 and this edition of the Champions Trophy. Won by In the lead-up to the 2013 tournament, the ICC announced that the 2013 Champions Trophy was to be the last, with its place in the cricketing calendar to be taken by a new ICC World", "title": "ICC Champions Trophy" }, { "id": "18086007", "text": "as follows: Mahela Jayawardene was selected as the captain of the ODI Team of the Year, which is as follows: 2006 ICC Awards The 2006 ICC Awards were held on November 3, 2006 in Mumbai, India. The annual awards had been instigated in London in 2004 and in 2005 they were announced in Sydney. They were conducted during the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy. For the first time, honours for both Women's Cricketer of the Year and Captain of the Year were awarded. Selection panel members: The winners and nominees of various individual awards were: Rahul Dravid was selected as the", "title": "2006 ICC Awards" }, { "id": "16171877", "text": "Cricket Superstar Cricket Superstar is an Australian cricket-based reality television series that airs on Fox8. Working on a weekly elimination format (known on the show as dismissals), the winner will receive a rookie-contract with his state and a scholarship to the Centre of Excellence. The winner was 21-year-old Victorian, Ian Holland. The first series is hosted by Lee Furlong. Former Australian captain Allan Border is the chief judge and Graham Manou is the mentor. It was filmed in Brisbane and featured guest appearances by current and former players including Matthew Hayden and Ricky Ponting. It first aired on 4 January", "title": "Cricket Superstar" }, { "id": "14154183", "text": "Full Members) and T20I lists. The International Cricket Council (ICC), which has its headquarters in Dubai, is the global governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965, and took up its current name in 1989. The ICC in 2017 has 105 member nations, twelve of which hold full membership and can play Test cricket. The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, notably the men's and women's versions of the Cricket World Cup.", "title": "Cricket" }, { "id": "14961280", "text": "ICC Awards panel consists of top cricket players and administrators from around the world. It was charged with two main tasks: providing a long-list of nominations to the 25 members of the voting academy to cast their votes in the individual player award categories and, using their experience and knowledge, select the ICC World Test and ODI teams. Its members are the following: The winners of the 2010 ICC Awards were announced on 6 October 2010 in a grand ceremony in Bengaluru by the International Cricket Council. The following are the winners of the different awards: Apart from individual awards,", "title": "2010 ICC Awards" }, { "id": "2350045", "text": "Ed Rosten, an expert on computer vision and technology, to BCCI to remove the scepticism about the use of DRS technology. These regional bodies aim to organise, promote and develop the game of cricket: Two further regional bodies were disestablished following the creation of the African Cricket Association: The ICC organizes various international first-class, one-day and Twenty20 cricket competitions: The ICC has instituted the ICC Awards to recognise and honour the best international cricket players of the previous 12 months. The inaugural ICC Awards ceremony was held on 7 September 2004, in London. The ICC Player Rankings are a widely", "title": "International Cricket Council" }, { "id": "18870140", "text": "Chairman of the International Cricket Council The Chairman of the International Cricket Council is the highest-ranked official of the International Cricket Council (ICC), the governing body of world cricket. The position was established in 2014 after a revamp of the management of ICC. The president heads the ICC board of directors. Earlier, the ICC president headed the council but it has become a largely honorary position since the changes pushed through to the ICC constitution in 2014 handed control to the so-called 'Big Three' of England Cricket Board, Board of Control for Cricket in India and Cricket Australia. Former BCCI", "title": "Chairman of the International Cricket Council" }, { "id": "14235919", "text": "Shashank Manohar Shashank Vyankatesh Manohar (; ; born 29 September 1957) is a prominent Indian lawyer and cricket administrator. He twice served as the President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India, from 2008 to 2011, and from November 2015 to May 2016. He served as the chairman of the International Cricket Council from November 2015 to March 2017. On 24 March 2017, a resolution was passed to reinstate him as the chairman until a successor was elected. During his presidency India became the No 1 Test side & won the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup defeating Sri", "title": "Shashank Manohar" }, { "id": "2051382", "text": "after Sobers was made by a panel consisting of Richie Benaud, Sunil Gavaskar and Michael Holding, who were asked by the ICC \"to select an individual with whom to honour cricket's ultimate individual award\". In 2007 \"Wisden\" retrospectively selected the Leading Cricketer in the World for every year dating back to 1900 (except 1915–18 and 1940–45), Sobers being selected for eight years (1958, 1960, 1962, 1964–66, 1968 and 1970). Only Sobers and Bradman (10) received the accolade more than three times. Garfield Sobers Sir Garfield St Aubrun Sobers, AO, OCC (born 28 July 1936), also known as Gary or Garry", "title": "Garfield Sobers" }, { "id": "17579533", "text": "first batsman to score 2 centuries against a same opposition in T20I history as well. In February 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named Lewis as one of the ten players to watch ahead of the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament. In June 2018, he was named the T20 International Cricketer of the Year at the annual Cricket West Indies' Awards. Evin Lewis Evin Lewis (born 27 December 1991) is a Trinidadian cricketer who plays for the West Indies in limited over internationals. He plays as a left-handed opening batsman. Generally a fast scoring left handed batsman, Lewis is", "title": "Evin Lewis" }, { "id": "18738398", "text": "of the Match awards on both Test and ODI debuts. The governing body of cricket, the International Cricket Council, included Rahman on the ICC ODI Team of the Year in 2015, recognizing him as one of the top cricketers of that year. He is the first Bangladeshi cricketer to achieve this and the second to be selected for any ICC team after Shakib Al Hasan. In December 2016, he was named the ICC Emerging Cricketer of the Year, becoming the first Bangladeshi player to win one of the ICC's annual awards. Rahman was also included as the 12th man in", "title": "Mustafizur Rahman" }, { "id": "3579621", "text": "there was a chance for Boucher to recover some vision in the damaged eye. After undergoing two operations on his injured eye, surgeons announced that they were \"cautiously optimistic\". Tributes included comments from Shaun Pollock and Kevin Pietersen. Pollock congratulated him on a great career, while Pietersen called for more support from fans and those involved in sports, saying \"Let’s keep it going! Bouch is a fighter!\". In May 2017, he was named Coach of the Year at Cricket South Africa's annual awards. he was appointed as wicket keeping consultant for Kolkata Knight Riders Mark Boucher Mark Verdon Boucher (born", "title": "Mark Boucher" }, { "id": "2350046", "text": "followed system of rankings for international cricketers based on their recent performances. The current sponsor is MRF Tyres who signed a 4-year deal with the ICC that will last until 2020. In the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup; Australia, the title winner, won the prize money of 3,975,000 US dollars. While New Zealand as Runners-up won 1,750,000 US dollars as prize money . The ICC has also had to deal with drugs and bribery scandals involving top cricketers. Following the corruption scandals by cricketers connected with the legal and illegal bookmaking markets, the ICC set up an Anti-Corruption and Security", "title": "International Cricket Council" }, { "id": "18308610", "text": "to Division Five. Jersey's Corey Bisson was the leading run-scorer, while Denmark's Aftab Ahmed and American pace bowler Timil Patel were the equal leading wicket-takers. Oman's Khawar Ali, an all-rounder, was named player of the tournament. After the conclusion of the tournament, the United States captain Steven Taylor said that \"this victory means a lot to us, especially as it came with the home crowd behind us\". The United States coach Pubudu Dassanayake said \"I wouldn't have settled for runner-up in the final\" and that he was \"very happy how things went in the final\". The following teams qualified: All", "title": "2016 ICC World Cricket League Division Four" }, { "id": "16491035", "text": "two players, and the final selection was made by a 16-person panel. Since 2009, a long list has been chosen by the ICC Awards voting panel, composed of cricket administrators, journalists and former players. This is then trimmed to create a short list by a different, 25-person, board. Between 2006 and 2011 it ran as a single category (Women's Player of the Year) award. From 2012 onwards it was divided into two categories (Women's ODI Player of the Year and Women's T20I Player of the Year). In the ten years that the award has been presented, it has been won", "title": "ICC Women's Cricketer of the Year" }, { "id": "16757365", "text": "Indian Cricketer of the Year Award. In the second stage, a 'ballot form' comprising the names of the five nominees and a summary of their performances in tests and one-day internationals (with stats) is sent to all the living cricketers who have represented India in at least one test or five one-day internationals. They are asked to 'vote' for one of the five nominees and the player who receives the highest number of votes is declared the winner. The voting is by secret ballot and is monitored by Professional Management Group. Performances of under-19 cricketers in under-19 / under-17 /", "title": "Castrol Awards for Cricketing Excellence" }, { "id": "2350021", "text": "was announced as the first chairman of the council. The role of ICC president has become a largely honorary position since the establishment of the chairman role and other changes were made to the ICC constitution in 2014. It has been claimed that the 2014 changes have handed control to the so-called 'Big Three' nations of England, India and Australia. The last ICC president was Zaheer Abbas, who was appointed in June 2015 following the resignation of Mustafa Kamal in April 2015. The post of ICC president was abolished in April 2016 and Shashank Manohar who replaced Mr. Srinivasan in", "title": "International Cricket Council" }, { "id": "19094326", "text": "of the match. In January 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named him as the Associate Cricketer of the Year. The following month, he was named as the stand-in captain of the Afghanistan team for the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament, while Afghanistan's regular captain, Asghar Stanikzai, recovered from having his appendix removed. In February 2018, the ICC named Khan as one of the ten players to watch ahead of the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament. In April 2018, he was named in the Rest of the World XI squad for the one-off T20I against the West Indies,", "title": "Rashid Khan (cricketer)" }, { "id": "2631252", "text": "ICC Cricket Code of Conduct The ICC Cricket Code of Conduct is a regulation regarding the conduct of professional players in the sport of cricket. Traditionally, cricket requires \"gentlemanly\" conduct from all players. The Code of Conduct is written and enforced by the International Cricket Council. Under the ICC regulations, players may be fined a percentage of the salary, banned for number of matches, or even banned for a number of years or life. The ICC appoints a match referee for each Test match, One Day International and Twenty20; the Referee has the power to set penalties for most offences,", "title": "ICC Cricket Code of Conduct" }, { "id": "20309844", "text": "in the 2017–18 Big Bash League season on 30 December 2017. In March 2018, Cricket Australia named Rogers in their Sheffield Shield team of the year. Rogers holds Education and Arts degrees from the University of New South Wales and is a qualified secondary school teacher. 2009 Under 15 Australian Schoolboys Tour of India - Player of the Series 2010-2011 Under 17 National Championships - Player of the Championships 2012-2013 Under 19 National Championships NSW Captain 2016-2017 Sydney University 1st Grade Premiers 2016-2017 Futures League Player of the Year 2017-2018 Sheffield Shield Team of the Year Tom Rogers (cricketer) Thomas", "title": "Tom Rogers (cricketer)" }, { "id": "19640038", "text": "which WIPA and the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) agreed to jointly organize and fund the awards with the function being renamed as \"WICB/WIPA Awards\". The winners of the awards are selected by a panel of judges which mainly consists of eminent former cricketers from the West Indies. The panel of judges for the inaugural awards in 2004 included Ian Bishop, Joey Carew, Tony Cozier, Gordon Greenidge, Gus Logie, Vivian Richards and Ricky Skerritt. Brian Lara won the first ever WIPA Player of the Year Award in 2004 and went on to win it the following two years as well", "title": "WICB/WIPA Awards" }, { "id": "5894926", "text": "disciplines: Athletics, Badminton, Billiards, Boxing, Chess, Cricket, Field hockey, Gymnastics, Shooting, Snooker, Tennis, Wrestling, Weightlifting, and Yacht racing. The most recent recipients of the award are Weightlifter Saikhom Mirabai Chanu and Cricketer Virat Kohli. The nominations for the award are received from all government recognised National Sports Federations, the Indian Olympic Association, the Sports Authority of India (SAI), the Sports Promotion and Control Boards, and the state and the union territory governments with not more than two eligible sportspersons nominated for each sports discipline. In case of cricket, the nominations are received from the Board of Control for Cricket in", "title": "Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna" }, { "id": "16616482", "text": "March 2014, South Africa played a 3-match Twenty20 series against Australia. De Kock was named the 'Player of the Series' in the tournament although South Africa lost the series by 0–2. Quinton de Kock married his girlfriend of four years, Sasha Hurly, in September 2016. Quinton de Kock Quinton de Kock (born 17 December 1992) is a South African professional cricketer who plays for the Titans at the domestic level and the South African national team. He also plays for Mumbai Indians in Indian Premier League. He was named the Cricketer of the Year at Cricket South Africa's 2017 Annual", "title": "Quinton de Kock" }, { "id": "6034866", "text": "the award was made jointly to Ashley Metcalfe of Nottinghamshire and James Whitaker of Leicestershire. The 1995 winner, Andrew Symonds, went on to make over 200 international appearances for Australia, but at the time of his award was eligible to play for England, as he was born in Birmingham. , representatives of seventeen of the eighteen first-class cricket counties have won the award; no player from Worcestershire has ever won. Yorkshire players have collected the award most frequently, doing so on eleven occasions. Only eight winners have not gone on to play international cricket. On ten occasions, the Cricket Writers'", "title": "Cricket Writers' Club Young Cricketer of the Year" }, { "id": "2350019", "text": "International Cricket Council The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the global governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from Australia, England and South Africa. It was renamed as the International Cricket Conference in 1965, and took up its current name in 1989. The ICC has 105 members: 12 Full Members that play Test matches and 93 Associate Members. The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, most notably the Cricket World Cup. It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test", "title": "International Cricket Council" }, { "id": "2432730", "text": "by another Indian opening batsmen, Rohit Sharma, who scored 264 runs from 173 deliveries (33x4 | 9x6) against Sri Lanka in Kolkata. In 2013, MS Dhoni became the first captain in history to win all three major ICC trophies- ICC Cricket World Cup in 2011, ICC World Twenty20 in 2007 and ICC Champions Trophy in 2013. In 2014, Virat Kohli became the first cricketer to win back-to-back man of the series awards in the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 and 2014 ICC World Twenty20. In 2017, Ravichandran Ashwin became the fastest cricketer in history to reach 250 wickets. He and Ravindra", "title": "India national cricket team" }, { "id": "2916224", "text": "the year. The award was shared with Andrew Flintoff of England, his only serious competitor as the world's leading all-rounder, after the votes of the academy were tied. Kallis also won the \"ICC Test Player of the Year\" award that year. Kallis was awarded the captaincy of South Africa for the third and final Test match against Australia in 2006 when Graeme Smith stood down with an injury. Kallis currently holds a number of South African cricket records, including most ODI and Test runs, highest ODI and second highest Test batting average and most Test centuries by a South African.", "title": "Jacques Kallis" }, { "id": "14407177", "text": "awarded the Reg Hayter Cup, named after a sports journalist who was also a member of the Marylebone Cricket Club, a Lord's Taverner, and a life-member of Surrey County Cricket Club. The award is well regarded by its recipients; the 2014 winner, Adam Lyth exemplified this by claiming that \"it's a very proud moment to be voted for by your peers who you’ve played against all year.\" The award was first presented in 1970, when Mike Proctor of Gloucestershire and Jack Bond of Lancashire were joint winners. Seven players have won the award more than once, but only Sir Richard", "title": "PCA Player of the Year" }, { "id": "6366883", "text": "A second volume, published in 1991 as \"Padwick's Bibliography of Cricket, Volume 2\", was compiled by Stephen Eley and Peter Griffiths and covers works published between 1980 and 1990 (). The Cricket Society began naming a book of the year in 1970. Since 2009 the award has been made in partnership with MCC. It carries a prize of £3000, which is presented at an awards evening each spring in the Long Room at Lord's. • 1945-1946 F. A. Mackinnon, The Mackinnon of Mackinnon<br> • 1947-1959 Hubert Preston<br> • 1960-1961 H. S. Altham<br> • 1961-1962 Lord Birkett<br> • 1963-1968 A. A.", "title": "The Cricket Society" }, { "id": "3580465", "text": "victory for England; Sangakarra scored a century in the match, his first against England in nine Tests. Sangakkara was named the man of the series in Test series with Pakistan in 2011/12—his first man of the series award in Test cricket. He made 516 runs in the 3 match series which was won by Pakistan 1–0. On August in 2013, he was named the ODI Cricketer of the Year, wicket keeper-captain of the ICC World XI Test team, and won the ICC People's Choice Award in 2011 ICC Awards. In 2012, he was named one of the Wisden's five Cricketers", "title": "Kumar Sangakkara" }, { "id": "2350020", "text": "matches, One Day International and Twenty20 Internationals. It promulgates the ICC Code of Conduct, which sets professional standards of discipline for international cricket, and also co-ordinates action against corruption and match-fixing through its Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU). The ICC does not control bilateral fixtures between member countries (which include all Test matches), it does not govern domestic cricket in member countries, and it does not make the laws of the game, which remain under the control of the Marylebone Cricket Club. The Chairman heads the board of directors and on 26 June 2014, N.Srinivasan, the former president of BCCI,", "title": "International Cricket Council" }, { "id": "3583514", "text": "20,000 runs in international cricket, and in 2008 he was named as one of the five Cricketers of the Year by the \"Wisden Cricketers' Almanack\", and awarded Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (ICC Cricketer of the Year) by the International Cricket Council. He made his international debut at the age of 19, but did not score a century in international cricket for three years, prompting some criticism. Early in his career, he was plagued by injuries, and was even dubbed a hypochondriac until he had a piece of floating bone removed from his foot in 2000. Since then he has enjoyed", "title": "Shivnarine Chanderpaul" }, { "id": "19247947", "text": "College Cricket made the first broadcast of Cricket in the United States via web streaming in March 2010. From October 2011, American College Cricket has broadcast its matches through TV Asia across the USA & Canada. At the end of each season, a set of awards are given out. These include The Bart King Award (the best one or two students who have played cricket having mainly played another sport and not having any previous experience), Newcomer of the Year and Player of the Year.& College Players of the Year. The organization was founded in November 2008 by Lloyd Jodah,", "title": "American College Cricket" }, { "id": "6474752", "text": "South African Cricket Annual Cricketer of the Year in 1995, an award he had previously won in 1989. A popular player, de Villiers was known by the nickname \"Vinnige Fanie\" (Fast Fanie) by his Afrikaans-speaking fans. De Villiers attended school at the Heidelberg Volkskool and matriculated in 1982. While there, he represented South African Schools as a javelin thrower. Since his retirement, De Villiers has worked as a television commentator in South Africa and also works as a corporate speaker. He was a judge in the 1995 Miss World pageant in Sun City. De Villiers has become involved in raising", "title": "Fanie de Villiers" }, { "id": "1949421", "text": "of 18.73. Kumble was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour in 2005. After having played for 18 years, he announced his retirement from international cricket in November 2008. In October 2012, Kumble was appointed the chairman of International Cricket Council (ICC)'s cricket committee. Between 2012 and 2015, Kumble held positions as a chief mentor for the teams Royal Challengers Bangalore and Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League. He was also a former head coach of the Indian cricket team as well. In February 2015, he became the fourth Indian cricketer to be inducted into ICC Hall", "title": "Anil Kumble" }, { "id": "7235626", "text": "highest score in a women's test match with her innings of 242. The Pakistan Cricket Board controls both the men's and women's games. Notable cricketers from Pakistan include Aaqib Javed, Ramiz Raja, Shoaib Akhtar, Younis Khan, Saqlain Mushtaq, Mushtaq Ahmed, Abdul Qadir, Wasim Akram, Zaheer Abbas, Javed Miandad, Saeed Anwar, Muhammad Yousaf, Inzamam-ul-Haq, Waqar Younis, Shahid Afridi, the Mohammad brothers (Hanif, Mushtaq, Sadiq and Wazir) and Imran Khan. Imran Khan has been named in the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. Saeed Anwar's 194 runs against India remained the record for most runs by a batsman in an ODI for 11", "title": "Sport in Pakistan" }, { "id": "91022", "text": "awarded to: Cricket World Cup The ICC Cricket World Cup is the international championship of One Day International (ODI) cricket. The event is organised by the sport's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC), every four years, with preliminary qualification rounds leading up to a finals tournament. The tournament is one of the world's most viewed sporting events and is considered the \"flagship event of the international cricket calendar\" by the ICC. The first World Cup was organised in England in June 1975, with the first ODI cricket match having been played only four years earlier. However, a separate Women's", "title": "Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "14407176", "text": "PCA Player of the Year The Reg Hayter Cup for the NatWest PCA Player of the Year is an annual cricket award. It is presented to the player who is adjudged to have been the best of the year in English county cricket. The award has been given since the 1970 season and the winner is chosen by a vote amongst the members of the players' trade union, the Professional Cricketers' Association (PCA). With the exception of the first year, when a joint award was made, the award has been bestowed upon one individual each season. The winning player is", "title": "PCA Player of the Year" }, { "id": "14154191", "text": "established until 1890. The most successful club has been Yorkshire, who had won 32 official titles (plus one shared) to 2017. Australia established its national first-class championship in 1892–93 when the Sheffield Shield was introduced. In Australia, the first-class teams represent the various states. New South Wales has the highest number of titles. The other ICC full members have national championship trophies called the Ahmad Shah Abdali 4-day Tournament (Afghanistan); the National Cricket League (Bangladesh); the Ranji Trophy (India); the Inter-Provincial Championship (Ireland); the Plunket Shield (New Zealand); the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy (Pakistan); the Currie Cup (South Africa); the Premier Trophy", "title": "Cricket" }, { "id": "19260097", "text": "Regional Four Day Competition. In June 2018, he was named the Emerging Cricketer of the Year at the annual Cricket West Indies' Awards. In October 2018, Cricket West Indies (CWI) awarded him a development contract for the 2018–19 season. In December 2018, he was bought by the Delhi Capitals in the player auction for the 2019 Indian Premier League. On 9 March 2018, Paul was added to the West Indies squad for the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament, after Sheldon Cottrell suffered an injury. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut for the West Indies against Afghanistan in", "title": "Keemo Paul" }, { "id": "3358422", "text": "awards ceremony was held in Bengaluru, India on 6 October 2010. Award winners were: The eighth ICC awards ceremony was held in London, England on 12 September 2011. Award winners were: The ninth ICC awards ceremony was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 15 September 2012. Award winners were: The 2013 edition of the awards were replaced by a TV show. Rather than a formal event, the winners were broadcast in a special TV show which was aired on Award winners were: The 2014 edition of the LG ICC Awards followed the same formal event which was implemented in 2013", "title": "ICC Awards" }, { "id": "2631254", "text": "number of Tests applies; if an offence occurred in an ODI, then the ban for a number of ODIs applies. ICC Cricket Code of Conduct The ICC Cricket Code of Conduct is a regulation regarding the conduct of professional players in the sport of cricket. Traditionally, cricket requires \"gentlemanly\" conduct from all players. The Code of Conduct is written and enforced by the International Cricket Council. Under the ICC regulations, players may be fined a percentage of the salary, banned for number of matches, or even banned for a number of years or life. The ICC appoints a match referee", "title": "ICC Cricket Code of Conduct" }, { "id": "3021243", "text": "surviving recipient of the award is Sonny Ramadhin (1951), which he became in August 2015 with the death of Arthur Morris. The longest that a recipient has lived after receiving the award is 77 years by Harry Calder (1918), who died in 1995. Calder, however, uniquely for a recipient, played no first-class cricket. Among first-class players, the longest lived after receipt of the award is 74 years by Wilfred Rhodes (1899). Five women have been chosen: Claire Taylor (2009), Charlotte Edwards (2014), Heather Knight (2018), Natalie Sciver (2018) and Anya Shrubsole (2018). General Specific Wisden Cricketers of the Year The", "title": "Wisden Cricketers of the Year" }, { "id": "2593793", "text": "The Australian cricketer of the year now receives the Allan Border Medal, with the inaugural award having been won by Glenn McGrath in 2000. The India–Australia test series has been named the Border Gavaskar Trophy. Two cricket grounds have been renamed in Border's honour. The oval in Mosman, which was directly across from the Border family home and where Border played his early grade cricket, was renamed the Allan Border Oval and remains the home ground of the Mosman District Cricket Club. The Neumann Oval in Brisbane has been renamed Allan Border Field and is occasionally used by Queensland as", "title": "Allan Border" }, { "id": "6034865", "text": "when a joint award was made, the accolade has been presented to one individual each season. The award has been described by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) as \"prestigious\". Although not a firm rule, once a player has won the award, they are considered ineligible to receive it in the future. Archie Ledbrooke, a sports reporter for the \"Daily Mirror\" and the first treasurer of the Cricket Writers' Club, came up with the idea for the award. It was first presented in 1950, when Roy Tattersall of Lancashire was the recipient. In 1986, the vote was tied, and", "title": "Cricket Writers' Club Young Cricketer of the Year" }, { "id": "41183", "text": "the Year, the other two being Sir Garfield Sobers and Shane Warne. Brian Lara was appointed honorary member of the Order of Australia on 27 November 2009. On 14 September 2012 he was inducted to the ICC's Hall of Fame at the awards ceremony held in Colombo, Sri Lanka as a 2012–13 season inductee along with Australians Glenn McGrath and former England women all-rounder Enid Bakewell. In 2013, Lara received Honorary Life Membership of the MCC becoming the 31st West Indian to receive the honor. Brian Lara is popularly nicknamed as \"The Prince of Port of Spain\" or simply \"The", "title": "Brian Lara" }, { "id": "4377113", "text": "opposition, whereas the ratings are weighted towards recent form and account for match conditions and the quality of the opponent using statistical algorithms. Initially the rankings were for Test cricket only, but separate One Day International rankings were introduced in 1998. Both sets of rankings have now been calculated back to the start of those forms of the game. The rankings include the top 10 Test, ODI and T20I batsmen, bowlers and all-rounders based on the rating of each player. ICC Player Rankings The International Cricket Council Player Rankings is a widely followed system of rankings for international cricketers based", "title": "ICC Player Rankings" }, { "id": "17912235", "text": "Tom Curran (cricketer) Thomas Kevin Curran (born 12 March 1995) is a South African-born English cricketer who represents England in Tests and One Day Internationals. He plays for Surrey in English domestic cricket and the Kolkata Knight Riders in the Indian Premier League. He is a right-arm fast-medium bowler who bats right-handed. He won the Cricket Writers' Club Young Cricketer of the Year award for his performances in 2015. He is the son of former Zimbabwe international Kevin Curran, and the brother of both Northamptonshire batsman Ben Curran and England and Surrey all-rounder Sam Curran. Born in Cape Town, Curran", "title": "Tom Curran (cricketer)" }, { "id": "9776444", "text": "2004 ICC Awards The 2004 ICC Awards were held at Alexandra Palace, in London on 7 September 2004. They were the inaugural episode and were aimed at recognizing the best individual and team performances of the previous year. Presenting Sponsors: Hyundai Other Sponsors & Partners Winner: Rahul Dravid (India) <br>Dravid's 2003–04 Performance: <br>\"Test Matches\": 9 Matches, 1241 Runs, 3x100, 4x50, 11 Catches <br>\"ODI Matches\" : 30 Matches, 960 Runs, 1x100, 8x50, 15 Catches, 4 Stumpings <br>Nominees: Andrew Flintoff (England), Steve Harmison (England), Ricky Ponting (Australia), Matthew Hayden (Australia), Jacques Kallis (South Africa), Brian Lara (West Indies), VVS Laxman (India), Virender", "title": "2004 ICC Awards" }, { "id": "18682949", "text": "Shai Hope Shai Diego Hope (born 10 November 1993) is a Barbadian cricketer, who plays Tests and ODIs for the West Indies cricket team. At the age of 21, he was called into the West Indies squad after he scored a double century against the Windwards Islands at the Kensington Oval on the last day of the 2014–15 Regional Four Day Competition. In June 2018, he was named the Men's Cricketer of the Year, Test Cricketer of the Year and the ODI Cricketer of the Year at the annual Cricket West Indies' Awards. Hope was educated at Bedes Senior School", "title": "Shai Hope" }, { "id": "6404478", "text": "the last occasion. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Chauhan received the Arjuna award in 1981. Chetan Chauhan Chetan Pratap Singh Chauhan (born 21 July 1947) is a former cricketer who played 40 Test matches for India. He played Ranji Trophy for Maharashtra and Delhi. He played most of his international cricket in the late 1970s and was the regular opening partner of Sunil Gavaskar during that period. Chetan Chauhan was appointed as Chairman of NIFT (National Institute of Fashion Technology) from June 2016 to June 2017. He was also twice elected as a Member of Parliament,", "title": "Chetan Chauhan" }, { "id": "18299505", "text": "(Pakistan), Afsar Zazai (wk), Dawlat Khan, Fazal Zazai, Imran Mohammadi, Hamilton Masakadza (Zimbabwe), Mohammad Alam, Najeeb Tarakai, Nasir Totakhil, Nawab Khan, Richard Ngarava (Zimbabwe), Noor-ul-Haq Malekzai, Perwez Malikzai, Rahmatullah Sahaq, Sharafuddin Ashraf, Tahir Khan, Yamin Ahmadzai and Yousuf Zazai Band-e-Amir Dragons Owner: Paragons Coach: Umesh Patwal (India) Full Squad: Rashid Khan (c), Amin Shinwari, Arif Khan, Fitratullah Khawari, Habib Sultani, Hazratullah, Javed Ahmadi, Luke Jongwe (Zimbabwe), Muslim Musa, Najibullah Zadran, Qasim Orya-Khalil (wk), Rahmat Shah, Denesh Ramdin (West Indies) (wk), Samim Sultani, Shahidullah, Glenton Anric Stuurman (South Africa), Tahsin Sultani and Wahab Shinwari Boost Defenders Owner: Arif Azim Group of", "title": "Shpageeza Cricket League" }, { "id": "11146804", "text": "consecutive hundreds. In December 2017, she won the inaugural ICC Women's ODI Player of the Year award. In September 2018, Suzie Bates stepped down as captain of New Zealand and was replaced by Satterthwaite. Satterthwaite was born in Christchurch in 1986 and grew up in Culverden in north Canterbury. Her father, Michael Satterthwaite, represented Canterbury Country in cricket and is a former chairman of Canterbury Cricket. She states that she grew up with cricket and \"had a love for the game from when [she] could walk!\" Satterthwaite was for many years office manager for a veterinary practice, and since 2015", "title": "Amy Satterthwaite" }, { "id": "16045874", "text": "hosted Alastair Campbell. During the Pakistan tour of Sri Lanka in 2015, the show hosted Sanath Jayasuriya followed by Dean Jones, Mark Butcher and Herschelle Gibbs for the England tour of UAE against Pakistan in December of the same year. Most recently during the entire duration of the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy, the show featured Ian Chappell of Australia, as well as Viv Richards and Brian Lara of the West Indies. \"Sports Circle\" is the flagship program of PTV Sports. The show is hosted by Muhammad Ali Sanwal and he is accompanied by retired cricketer Aamir Sohail. The show was", "title": "PTV Sports" }, { "id": "6642244", "text": "was the strongest in the world in both Test and One Day International cricket. A number of cricketers who were considered among the best in the world have hailed from the West Indies: Sir Garfield Sobers, Lance Gibbs, Gordon Greenidge, George Headley, Brian Lara, Clive Lloyd, Malcolm Marshall, Sir Andy Roberts, Alvin Kallicharran, Rohan Kanhai, Sir Frank Worrell, Sir Clyde Walcott, Sir Everton Weekes, Sir Curtly Ambrose, Michael Holding, Courtney Walsh, Joel Garner and Sir Viv Richards have all been inducted into the ICC Hall of Fame. The West Indies have won the ICC Cricket World Cup twice, in 1975", "title": "West Indies cricket team" }, { "id": "16984000", "text": "Indian ancestry to represent Australia in an international tournament. His parents emigrated to Australia in the 1980s. In March 2013, Sandhu was voted the Australian Cricketers' Association player of the month. Gurinder Sandhu was selected by the Delhi Daredevils in the IPL 2015 Auction as an Overseas Player. It was announced on 26 April 2018 that Sandhu had signed for Tasmania for the upcoming season, ending a five year stint with New South Wales. Sandhu played three games for New South Wales in the 2017–18 JLT One-Day Cup, taking 5 wickets but conceding 6.13 runs per over. His best performance", "title": "Gurinder Sandhu" } ]

[ "Barry Bonds" ]

[ { "id": "2282932", "text": "the Giants faced in their final series at Candlestick Park), and the Giants were swept in three games. In the first game of that series, the Giants lost 6–5, highlighted by three home runs from the Dodgers' Kevin Elster. On May 1, 2000, Barry Bonds became the first player to hit a \"splash hit\" home run into McCovey Cove. In just its first few years of existence, the ballpark saw its share of historic events primarily due to veteran Giants outfielder Barry Bonds. On April 17, 2001, Bonds hit his 500th career home run at then-Pacific Bell Park. Later that", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "2282917", "text": "player on September 30, 2018 On June 27, 2010, David Ortiz of the Boston Red Sox became the first American League player to hit a splash hit. The only other AL players who have done it are Mitch Moreland of the Texas Rangers on June 9, 2012 and Adam Dunn of the Chicago White Sox on August 13, 2014. Barry Bonds is the Giant who has hit the most home runs into \"The Cove\" as Giants fans call it and is the only one to have had hit 2 splash hits in one game (a feat he accomplished twice). Behind", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "2282916", "text": "fly 42 times; Todd Hundley of the Los Angeles Dodgers was the first visitor to do so on June 30, 2000. Curtis Granderson of the New York Mets, Luis Gonzalez of the Arizona Diamondbacks and Cliff Floyd of the Chicago Cubs are the only visiting players to do so twice, while Carlos Delgado of the New York Mets has performed the feat three times. Adam LaRoche has also hit three splash hits, twice with the Arizona Diamondbacks and once with the Pittsburgh Pirates. Max Muncy of the Los Angeles Dodgers most recently hit one into the water as a visiting", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "9996992", "text": "AT&T Park in San Francisco and PNC Park in Pittsburgh, there were occasional \"splash hits\" here. The first and most famous was a blast by Willie Stargell on July 23, 1969—leading locals to call the pool \"Willie's pool\" (French: \"la piscine de Willie\"). One of those was hit by Willie McCovey during a 6-4 win over the Expos on August 24, 1969. The idea of the swimming pool itself was later replicated in Chase Field in Phoenix. The stadium was rather sparse, given that it was intended to be only a temporary home for a maximum of four years. The", "title": "Jarry Park Stadium" }, { "id": "2282915", "text": "dubbed McCovey Cove after famed Giants first baseman and left-handed slugger Willie McCovey, and into which a number of home runs have been hit on the fly. As of December 1st, 2018, 78 \"splash hits\" (all by a lefty batter) have been knocked into the Cove by Giants players since the park opened; 35 of those were by Barry Bonds, and the most recent being Brandon Belt hitting one off Tyler Mahle of the Cincinnati Reds on May 15, 2018. These hits are tallied on an electronic counter on the right field wall. Opponents have hit the water on the", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "9520452", "text": "19, 2015. On January 7, 2016, Span signed a three-year, $31 million, contract with the San Francisco Giants that included a mutual option for 2019 and $5 million in performance bonuses. On June 13, 2016 at AT&T Park, Span became the first San Francisco Giant to hit a leadoff splash hit home run in the first inning into McCovey Cove and joined the San Diego Padres' Brian Giles () as the only two players in the history of the ballpark to accomplish the feat. On December 20, 2017, the Giants traded Span, Christian Arroyo, Matt Krook, and Stephen Woods to", "title": "Denard Span" }, { "id": "4701394", "text": "Hit\" on September 14, 2011, marked his 300th career home run. Klesko is currently the only player to have splash hits as both a Giant and as an opposing player through the 2012 season. Tyler Colvin's \"splash hit\" on May 12, 2014, was also his first hit for the Giants and came off his first at bat at AT&T Park since joining the team. When AT&T Park hosted the 2007 Home Run Derby, McCovey Cove was heavily featured in promotional materials, and the namesake slugger presented each participant with special bats before the competition. However, the difficulty of hitting McCovey", "title": "McCovey Cove" }, { "id": "2282920", "text": "tons. The Valencia, California firm, Technifex, engineered, fabricated and programmed Rusty to appear after major plays, during games, as a fully animated giant 1920's era tin \"toy\". After technical problems arose with Rusty, it was removed from the \"Old Navy Splash Landing\", though the enclosure that housed him remained for years. In 2006 the Old Navy sponsorship of the wall was terminated and renamed \"Levi's Landing\". In 2008, the enclosure was removed as that area near the right field foul pole was renovated for a new luxury party suite called the \"McCovey Cove Loft\". Behind the left field bleachers is", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "2282904", "text": "before the final design was complete. When the ballpark was brought to the ballot box in the fall of 1996 for voter approval, the stadium was 15° clockwise from its current position. Also the center-field scoreboard was atop the right-field wall and the Giants Pavilion Building were two separate buildings. Groundbreaking on the ballpark began on December 11, 1997, in the industrial waterfront area of San Francisco known as China Basin in the up-and-coming neighborhoods of South Beach and Mission Bay. The stadium cost $357 million to build and supplanted the Giants' former home, Candlestick Park, a multi-use stadium in", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "2282902", "text": "AT&T Park AT&T Park is a baseball park located in the South Beach neighborhood of San Francisco, California. Since 2000, it has served as the home of the San Francisco Giants, the city's Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise. Originally named Pacific Bell Park, then SBC Park in 2003 after SBC Communications acquired Pacific Bell, the stadium was ultimately christened AT&T Park in 2006, following AT&T's buyout of SBC. The park stands along the San Francisco Bay, a segment of which is named McCovey Cove in honor of former Giants player Willie McCovey. AT&T Park has also played host to both", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "8698916", "text": "4, Lewis hit another grand slam against the Cincinnati Reds, becoming the first player in San Francisco Giants history to hit two grand slams in his rookie season.<ref name=\"5/13/07\"></ref> On April 26, 2008, Lewis hit the 46th Splash Hit at AT&T Park. Lewis led the majors in steals of home in 2008 with 2, but was also caught twice while attempting to steal home. On April 16, 2010, Lewis was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays. Lewis had a somewhat successful stay with Toronto, batting first in the batting order on a regular basis with a .276 batting average. On", "title": "Fred Lewis" }, { "id": "11457520", "text": "the entire year in the majors. He was placed on the disabled list on April 27 with a strained left hamstring. After a rehab assignment, he was activated on May 26. On June, 15 he hit the 48th \"Splash Hit\" home run at AT&T Park, against John Lackey in a 9–7 loss to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He was again placed on the disabled list on July 31 with the same injury he suffered earlier in the year; he was out until September 1. On September 20, he hit two home runs against Randy Wolf in a 6–2", "title": "Andrés Torres" }, { "id": "2282934", "text": "the third member of baseball's 700 club. On May 28, 2006, Bonds hit his 715th home run at the park to pass Babe Ruth for second place on the all-time list. On August 7, 2007, Bonds hit his 756th home run, breaking Hank Aaron's record. The park hosted games three through five of the 2002 World Series against the Anaheim Angels, which the Giants lost four games to three. It also hosted the 2007 MLB All-Star Game, which the American League won 5–4 over the National League. On July 10, 2009, the Giants' Jonathan Sánchez pitched the first no-hitter at", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "4701398", "text": "7, 2014 to tie the game. Kevin Correia is the only pitcher to have given up a splash hit both as a Giant and as a visiting pitcher (while pitching for the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2014). On May 12, 2014, players from opposite teams hit home runs into McCovey Cove in the same game for the first time. McCovey Cove McCovey Cove is the unofficial name of a section of San Francisco Bay beyond the right field wall of AT&T Park, home of the San Francisco Giants, named after famed Giants first baseman Willie McCovey. The proper name for", "title": "McCovey Cove" }, { "id": "2282907", "text": "seats have been added. In April 2010, the stadium became the first MLB ballpark to receive LEED Silver Certification for Existing Buildings, Operations and Maintenance. The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Company, a local telephone company in the San Francisco Bay Area, purchased the naming rights for the park for $50 million over 24 years in the Winter of 1996. Pacific Bell had been recently purchased by SBC Communications when the naming rights deal was agreed upon. SBC eventually dropped the Pacific Bell name and reached an agreement with the Giants to change the stadium's name to \"SBC Park\" on January", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "2282919", "text": "would come to the plate.) Just beyond the wall is a public waterfront promenade, where fans can watch three innings of a game through the wall's archways, free of charge, albeit with a somewhat obstructed view. Across the cove from the ballpark is McCovey Point and China Basin Park, featuring monuments to past Giants legends. When the park opened in 2000, taking residence on the right field wall was \"Rusty\", the Mechanical Man based on a theme of Old Navy since the wall was sponsored by the company. Rusty was a two-dimensional robotic ballplayer that stood tall and weighed 5½", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "2282943", "text": "with Giants Enterprises to do three broadcasts, most recently \"Tosca\", in June and September 2009. In October 2013, rapper Kanye West rented out the stadium and the scoreboard for a private event, which turned out to be an elaborate marriage proposal to his girlfriend, reality personality Kim Kardashian. Starting in 2014, the stadium is host to the commencement exercises of San Francisco State University. AT&T Park AT&T Park is a baseball park located in the South Beach neighborhood of San Francisco, California. Since 2000, it has served as the home of the San Francisco Giants, the city's Major League Baseball", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "2048204", "text": ".200 in April, but his numbers improved as the season progressed. On May 9, 2007, he hit a home run into McCovey Cove during a game against the San Francisco Giants, becoming the first visiting player to have hit three splash home runs at AT&T Park. Delgado ended the season tied with Cal Ripken, Jr. for 37th place on the all-time career home run list with 431. During spring training 2008, Delgado was diagnosed with a hip impingement, however, the Mets decided to keep him on the active roster. As in the previous year, Delgado began the season in an", "title": "Carlos Delgado" }, { "id": "12046354", "text": "third baseman Juan Uribe) and struck out a career-high eleven hitters in the game, which was also his first major league complete game and shutout and the first no-hitter ever thrown at AT&T Park. He threw 110 pitches to complete the game, with a final score of 8–0 for the Giants. The team faced a tragic note on July 19, when the club announced that Sue Burns, the team's senior general partner who was a virtual fixture in her seat adjacent to the Giants' dugout, died early Sunday morning of cancer. Burns was the widow of Harmon Burns, a financier", "title": "History of the San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "2196869", "text": "Sharon Stone. Principal photography began on March 1, 1983 and completed on June 30, 1983 in Los Angeles, California and New York City, New York. The beach where Tom Hanks first encounters the nude Daryl Hannah is on the former Gorda Cay in the Bahamas, which now is known as Castaway Cay, the private island of Disney Cruise Line. Darryl Hannah's mermaid tail was designed and created by Academy Award-winning visual effects artist Robert Short. The tail was fully functional. Hannah swam with the mermaid tail so fast that her safety team could not keep pace with her. According to", "title": "Splash (film)" }, { "id": "2282914", "text": "also infamous for bad bounces, most notably when Ichiro Suzuki hit the first-ever inside-the-park home run in an All-Star Game by lining the ball off one of the archways and sideways past the outfielders. Nate Schierholtz performed the same feat in the 2009 season as a pinch hitter. Aubrey Huff did it again in the 2010 season, as did Conor Gillaspie in 2011. Ángel Pagán ended a game in May 2013 with a two-run walk-off inside-the-park home run, the first of its kind at AT&T Park. Beyond right field is China Basin, a section of San Francisco Bay, which is", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "8555230", "text": "For basketball events played in Cowboys Stadium, such as the 2010 NBA All-Star Game, the video board is actually larger than the court. It has since been surpassed in size by the video boards at TIAA Bank Field. During the debut preseason game of Cowboys Stadium on August 21, 2009, a punt by Tennessee Titans punter A. J. Trapasso hit the 175 feet (53.34 m) wide screen above the field. The punt deflected backwards and was ruled in-play until Titans coach Jeff Fisher informed the officials that the punt struck the scoreboard. By rule, the down was replayed. Jerry Jones", "title": "AT&T Stadium" }, { "id": "13528524", "text": "hit in a single season when he won away the award from St. Louis Cardinal slugger Mark McGwire who had done so in 1998. Bonds would finish his career with 1,996 RBI, one ahead of legendary Yankee Lou Gehrig. Years later, the Giants hosted the Yankees at AT&T Park for the first time ever and won the series that included Bonds, Roger Clemens, Mariano Rivera, Derek Jeter and Alex Rodriguez. Former Yankee hero Dave Righetti was the Giants pitching coach for the series that saw Bonds hit his 749th home run as he eventually moved towards becoming the all-time home", "title": "Giants–Yankees rivalry" }, { "id": "2282906", "text": "games, despite the higher average temperature. When it opened on March 31, 2000, the ballpark was the first Major League ballpark built without public funds since the completion of Dodger Stadium in 1962. However, the Giants did receive a $10 million tax abatement from the city and $80 million for upgrades to the local infrastructure (including a connection to the Muni Metro). The Giants have a 66-year lease on the ballpark site, paying $1.2 million in rent annually to the San Francisco Port Commission. The park opened with a seating capacity of 40,800, but this has increased over time as", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "8108386", "text": "Splish Splash (song) \"Splish Splash\" is a 1958 song performed and co-written by Bobby Darin. It was written with DJ Murray the K (Murray Kaufman), who bet that Darin could not write a song that began with the words, \"Splish Splash, I was takin' a bath\", as suggested by Murray's mother, Jean Kaufman. The song was credited to Darin and \"Jean Murray\" (a combination of their names) to avoid any hint of payola. It was Darin's first hit and the song helped to give him a major boost in his career, reaching No. 3 on the U.S. pop singles chart", "title": "Splish Splash (song)" }, { "id": "8108392", "text": "cut off by Toto the Chimpanzee. Sky diver Andre Tayir performs this song on the Kidsongs Kids’ 1990 video: \"Ride the Roller Coaster\". Splish Splash (song) \"Splish Splash\" is a 1958 song performed and co-written by Bobby Darin. It was written with DJ Murray the K (Murray Kaufman), who bet that Darin could not write a song that began with the words, \"Splish Splash, I was takin' a bath\", as suggested by Murray's mother, Jean Kaufman. The song was credited to Darin and \"Jean Murray\" (a combination of their names) to avoid any hint of payola. It was Darin's first", "title": "Splish Splash (song)" }, { "id": "2196857", "text": "Splash (film) Splash is a 1984 American fantasy romantic comedy film directed by Ron Howard, written by Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel, and starring Tom Hanks, Daryl Hannah, John Candy, and Eugene Levy. The film involves a young man who falls in love with a mysterious woman who is secretly a mermaid. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. The film is notable for being the first film released by Touchstone Pictures, a film label created by Walt Disney Studios that same year in an effort to release films targeted at adult audiences, with mature", "title": "Splash (film)" }, { "id": "1486162", "text": "New Orleans. In , the Giants moved to the new Pacific Bell Park (now called AT&T Park) in the China Basin neighborhood, leaving the 49ers as the sole professional sports team to use Candlestick. The final baseball game was played on September 30, 1999, against their long time rivals the Los Angeles Dodgers, who won 9–4. In that game, all nine Dodgers starters had at least one base hit, while the stadium's final home run came from Dodgers' right fielder Raúl Mondesí in the 6th inning. The National League rivalry between the Giants and Dodgers, one of the oldest and", "title": "Candlestick Park" }, { "id": "8555239", "text": "was also backed by Wall Street investment firm Goldman Sachs and Dallas private equity firm CIC Partners LP. The Jones family commissioned 18 contemporary artists to create site-specific artworks for the stadium. The stadium features paintings, sculptures, and installations by Franz Ackerman, Doug Aitken, Ricci Albenda, Mel Bochner, Daniel Buren, Olafur Eliasson, Teresita Fernandez, Wayne Gonzales, Terry Haggerty, Trenton Doyle Hancock, Jacqueline Humphries, Jim Isermann, Annette Lawrence, Dave Muller, Gary Simmons, and Lawrence Weiner. The fees for premium parking at Dallas Cowboys games are estimated at $75 per game, based on season ticket holder parking charges. The fees to park", "title": "AT&T Stadium" }, { "id": "1341163", "text": "theme song himself, using an old music hall number. The series was briefly revived by London Weekend Television in 1978 as a series of short sketches on \"Bruce Forsyth's Big Night\", with Drake and McGee reprising their roles. Drake made a number of records, most of them produced by George Martin for the Parlophone label. The first, \"Splish Splash\", a cover version of a rock and roll song originally recorded by Bobby Darin, got into the Top 10 of the UK Singles Chart, reaching number 7 in 1958. An edited version of \"My Boomerang Won't Come Back\", became a mid-chart", "title": "Charlie Drake" }, { "id": "386290", "text": "was being built. (Candlestick Park remained the home of the San Francisco 49ers football team through the 2013 season.) In 2000, after 40 years, the Giants left Candlestick Park and, as long advocated, moved into a privately financed downtown stadium (AT&T Park, originally Pacific or \"Pac\" Bell Park and later renamed SBC Park) on that part of the shoreline of China Basin known as McCovey Cove, at the corner of 3rd and King Streets (with an official address of 24 Willie Mays Plaza in honor of the longtime Giants superstar), ushering in a new era for the Giants and their", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "17765039", "text": "later for $9.1 million. The park was immediately branded Knott's Oasis Water Park, with additional advertising driving revenues for the remainder of the year. At the conclusion of the 2001 season Cedar Fair reported the park was down 13% at the time of acquisition, however, this was turned around to a 13% increase by the end of the season under the park's new owners. The opening scenes of the 1987 film \"North Shore\" were filmed at the Oasis Water Park wave tank. In the film, the wave tank location where the surf contest takes place was actually depicted as Arizona.", "title": "Wet'n'Wild Palm Springs" }, { "id": "19852742", "text": "Splash and Bubbles Splash and Bubbles is an American computer-animated children's television series created by John Tartaglia. The series debuted on PBS Kids on November 23, 2016, after \"Wild Kratts: Creatures of the Deep Sea\". It is produced using motion capture that blends with animatronic interfaces which enables the crew to make animation. \"Splash and Bubbles\" follows a yellowback fusilier (though at times he and the narrator claim that he is a yellowtail fusilier), Splash, who settles in Reeftown after looking all over the ocean. He then befriends Bubbles, a mandarin dragonet, and the duo, along with friends Dunk and", "title": "Splash and Bubbles" }, { "id": "2282905", "text": "southeastern San Francisco that was also home to the National Football League's San Francisco 49ers until 2014, when they relocated to Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara. A team of engineers from UC Davis was consulted in the design process of the park, resulting in wind levels that are approximately half those at Candlestick. Fans had shivered through 40 seasons at \"The 'Stick\" and looked forward to warmer temperatures at the new ballpark. But because AT&T Park, like its predecessor, is built right on San Francisco Bay, cold summer fog and winter jackets in July are still not unusual at Giants", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "809361", "text": "his parents' divorce in 1960. In 1980, Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project \"Night Skies\". It was filmed from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of $10.5million USD. Unlike most films, it was shot in rough chronological order, to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast. Released on June 12, 1982, by Universal Pictures, \"E.T.\" was an immediate blockbuster, surpassing \"Star Wars\" to become the highest-grossing film of all time—a record it held for eleven years until \"Jurassic Park\", another Spielberg-directed film, surpassed it in 1993. It", "title": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial" }, { "id": "2282931", "text": "the wall, thus altering the dimensions of the field. There have actually been instances where potential over-the-wall catches to take away home runs have been thwarted because of these cars: for example, during Game 3 of the 2016 NLDS against the Chicago Cubs, Kris Bryant hit a ball well into left field. Giants left-fielder Gregor Blanco attempted to catch the ball but the ball landed on the roof of a Chevron Car, out of his reach: thus the ball counted as a home run . The opening series took place April 11–13, 2000 against the Los Angeles Dodgers (the team", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "2282927", "text": "Giant. Rich Aurilia and Shawn Estes were added in 2010. Jason Schmidt and Marvin Benard were added in 2011, and Barry Bonds was added in 2017. Outside the ballpark are six statues, five of which are dedicated to San Francisco Giants all-time greats. The Willie Mays Statue is located in front of the ballpark entrance at 24 Willie Mays Plaza and is surrounded with 24 palm trees, in honor of his number 24 uniform, retired by the Giants. It was dedicated at noon on March 31, 2000, prior to the opening of the ballpark and was commissioned by Giants Managing", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "2196871", "text": "while her legs were \"shrink-wrapped.\" The film was a huge financial success. It was produced on an US$8 million budget, grossing $6,174,059 in its opening weekend and finished its domestic run with $69,821,334, making it the tenth highest-grossing film of 1984. The movie was also well received by critics and is considered to be one of the best films of 1984. It earned a 90% \"Fresh\" rating from the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes based on 40 reviews. A negative review came from Roger Ebert of \"The Chicago Sun-Times\" who gave the movie 1.5 stars out of 4 and thought", "title": "Splash (film)" }, { "id": "2282903", "text": "professional and collegiate American football games. The stadium was the home of the Foster Farms Bowl, an annual college postseason bowl game, from its inaugural playing in 2002 until 2013 and also served as the temporary home for the University of California's football team in 2011. Professionally, AT&T Park was the home of the San Francisco Demons of the XFL and the California Redwoods of the United Football League. The stadium can be reached via San Francisco's Muni Metro; the 2nd and King Station is directly outside the ballpark. Originally designed to be a 42,000-seat stadium, there were slight modifications", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "2282918", "text": "the scoreboard in center field there is a pier where ferries can tie up and let off fans right at the park. On game days, fans take to the water of McCovey Cove in boats and even in kayaks, often with fishing nets in the hope of collecting a home run ball. (This echoes what used to happen during McCovey's playing days. Before Candlestick Park's upper deck was extended, the area behind right field was occupied by three small bleacher sections and a lot of open space. Kids in those bleachers would gather behind the right field fence when \"Stretch\"", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "1833401", "text": "surged onto the Homestead plant grounds. Some in the crowd threw stones at the barges, but strike leaders shouted for restraint. The Pinkerton agents attempted to disembark, and shots were fired. Conflicting testimony exists as to which side fired the first shot. John T. McCurry, a boatman on the steamboat \"Little Bill\" (which had been hired by the Pinkerton Detective Agency to ferry its agents to the steel mill) and one of the men wounded by the strikers, said: \"The armed Pinkerton men commenced to climb up the banks. Then the workmen opened fire on the detectives. The men shot", "title": "Homestead strike" }, { "id": "17765040", "text": "Actor Matt Adler portrays Arizona surfer Rick Kane who wins the state surfing competition and uses his contest winnings to travel to Hawaii's North Shore. The film also starred Nia Peeples, John Philbin, Gerry Lopez, and Gregory Harrison - though none of these actors appear in any of the films opening sequences. In the 2001-2002 winter off-season, Cedar Fair invested $2 million into refurbishing and rebranding the park into a Knott's Soak City park, joining other locations in Chula Vista and Buena Park. The refurbishment included the park's gas chlorine sanitation system being replaced by a liquid chlorine equivalent, as", "title": "Wet'n'Wild Palm Springs" }, { "id": "18523822", "text": "O'Koyea Dickson O'Koyea Dickson (born February 9, 1990) is an American professional baseball outfielder who is a free agent. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers during the 2017 season, and the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) in 2018. Dickson graduated from George Washington High School in San Francisco, California, where he was the Player of the Year in 2008. As a sophomore at George Washington High, playing in the city championship game, he became the first high school player to hit a homerun in AT&T Park. He hit a ground", "title": "O'Koyea Dickson" }, { "id": "18451191", "text": "first water show, \"Splash\", which was a long-running hit for 20 years and paved the way for \"O\". His unique brand of \"Street Dancing\" is credited with invigorating Las Vegas' shows for a younger audience, innovating a format that had been held by French-themed revues that filled the nightclubs. Jeff currently resides in Las Vegas, NV. In September 1997, he testified in a trial denying accusations of bribing a judge for a favorable outcome concerning his show \"Splash\" in Las Vegas. Jeff Kutash Jeff Kutash is an American dancer and choreographer. Jeff was born in Cleveland, Ohio. As a teen,", "title": "Jeff Kutash" }, { "id": "8108387", "text": "and No. 2 on the R&B Best Sellers chart. \"Splish Splash\" was Darin's only entry on the C&W Best Sellers in Stores chart, where it peaked at No. 14. In a 1967 interview, Darin claimed that he was so happy about having his first hit that his skin condition cleared up. \"Splish Splash\" was recorded in a session at New York's Atlantic Studios on the evening of April 10, 1958. The personnel on the original recording included Jesse Powell on tenor sax, Al Caiola, Billy Mure on guitar, Wendell Marshall on bass, and Panama Francis on drums. Original copies of", "title": "Splish Splash (song)" }, { "id": "2554440", "text": "his debut album, \"The Lonely Bull\" by \"Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass\". Originally the Tijuana Brass was just Alpert overdubbing his own trumpet, slightly out of sync. The title cut reached No. 6 on the \"Billboard\" Pop Singles chart. This was A&M's first album with the original release number being #101, although it was recorded at Conway Records. For this album and subsequent releases, Alpert recorded with the group of L.A. session musicians known as The Wrecking Crew, whom he holds in high regard. By the end of 1964, because of a growing demand for live appearances by the", "title": "Herb Alpert" }, { "id": "188298", "text": "Baseball All-Star Game at AT&T Park in San Francisco on July 10, 2007. Ichiro Suzuki of the American League team hit a fly ball that caromed off the right-center field wall in the opposite direction from where National League right fielder Ken Griffey, Jr. was expecting it to go. By the time the ball was relayed, Ichiro had already crossed the plate standing up. This was the first inside-the-park home run in All-Star Game history, and led to Suzuki being named the game's Most Valuable Player. Home runs are often characterized by the number of runners on base at the", "title": "Home run" }, { "id": "16311280", "text": "the Cool Uncle song \"Break Away (featuring Jessie Ware)\" as one of the \"Best Tracks of 2015\". The second side-group Splash formed in 2014 (with Los Angeles hip hop musician Ras Kass) is called Semi Hendrix. The duo released their debut album \"Breakfast At Banksy's\" in 2015 on Mello Music Group. The Semi Hendrix album featured guest appearances from CeeLo Green, Kurupt, Teedra Moses, Ras Austin, Taj Austin, Alice Russell (singer), Wrekonize and more. The title track, \"Breakfast At Banksy's\", features a video directed by Jay Brown & animated by Ruffmercy, and in 2016 the song was used to launch", "title": "Jack Splash" }, { "id": "2167596", "text": "On April 11, 1990, pitching the eighth and ninth innings in relief of Mark Langston, Witt earned a save in another 1–0 no-hit victory for the Angels over the Seattle Mariners. Vida Blue, Kent Mercker, Kevin Millwood, and Cole Hamels are the only pitchers to start both a complete game no-hitter and a combined no-hitter. Vida Blue no-hit the Minnesota Twins on September 21, 1970, while pitching for the Oakland Athletics. He combined with Glenn Abbott, Paul Lindblad, and Rollie Fingers to no-hit the California Angels on September 28, 1975. While with the Atlanta Braves in 1991, Mercker, Mark Wohlers", "title": "No-hitter" }, { "id": "12650969", "text": "early example of a novelty genre including pop song titles. This formula was later used for Bobby Darin's \"Splish Splash\" and Bob Kayli's \"Everyone Was There\", as well as both of Billy and Lillie's hits, \"La Dee Dah\" and \"Lucky Ladybug\". The song was also covered by Billy Preston, The Beatles, Little Richard, Frankie Lymon & The Teenagers, Curtis Johnson, Ronnie Self, The Dovells and Johnny Winter. Frankie Avalon also recorded the song. The track was also a favorite of Levon Helm, drummer of The Band. He would sing the song often while touring as the Hawks, and even played", "title": "Short Fat Fannie" }, { "id": "3293066", "text": "won the game by the final score of 8–2. The first pitch—a ball—was thrown from Pittsburgh's Todd Ritchie to Barry Larkin. In the top of the first inning, Pittsburgh native Sean Casey's two-run home run was the first hit in the park. The first Pirates' batter, Adrian Brown, struck out; however, later in the inning Jason Kendall singled—the first hit by a Pirate in their new stadium. PNC Park had an average attendance of 30,742 people per game throughout its inaugural season, though it would drop approximately 27% the following season to 22,594 spectators per game. Throughout the 2001 season,", "title": "PNC Park" }, { "id": "2282921", "text": "\"The Coca-Cola Fan Lot\". The ballpark features an long Coca-Cola bottle with playground slides that lights up with every Giants home run, and a miniature version of the stadium. \"The Coca-Cola Superslide\" is popular with children as is with adults, and the terraced levels of the slides are a fun way to catch the game. Bubbles originally accompanied the bottle, but never worked as intended and were removed. If one were viewing the outfield promenade from home plate, directly to the bottle's right is another oversized representation of a ballpark stalwart, the \"Giant 1927 Old-Time Four-Fingered Baseball Glove\" — this", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "12040411", "text": "as Millennium Park. Today, Millennium Park trails only Navy Pier as a Chicago tourist attraction. The plaza is located above Park Grill, above and behind the McCormick Tribune Plaza & Ice Rink, adjacent to the Chase Promenade, and between the North and South Boeing Galleries. The plaza and sculpture sit atop the 300-seat $6 million Park Grill, which opened in November 2003 behind the McCormick Tribune Plaza & Ice Rink. The surface of the plaza is concrete. The plaza is composed of of concrete pavers. Each paver is , and each is thick. The plaza was originally named Ameritech Plaza", "title": "AT&T Plaza" }, { "id": "12040412", "text": "for Ameritech Corporation, the corporate sponsor, who donated $3 million for the sculpture-hosting plaza's naming rights. By the time the park officially opened in 2004, Ameritech had merged with SBC Communications and the plaza was called SBC Plaza. When SBC acquired AT&T and subsequently changed the name from SBC to AT&T in 2005, the name of the plaza changed again. \"Cloud Gate\" was originally estimated to weigh because it was impossible to estimate the thickness of the steel compatible with the desired aesthetics. The final piece, however, weighs and care had to be taken in supporting it. The roof of", "title": "AT&T Plaza" }, { "id": "10955794", "text": "from the splash pad at Ontario Place in Canada and the wave pool at Point Mallard Park in Alabama. His desire was to combine these two elements and build upon it in order to achieve a good return on investment. Due to his prior success with SeaWorld, he was able to form a team of investors to fund the project. The park opened in Orlando, Florida on March 13, 1977. Although it opened to rain and suffered a $600,000 loss in its first year of operation, Millay kept it open. He later claimed it \"started making money the second year", "title": "Wet 'n Wild Orlando" }, { "id": "19187215", "text": "Margaret Cardin Margaret Cardin (1906–1998), more commonly known as Maggie Cardin, was an Australian film editor and negative cutter, who worked on films such as \"Picnic at Hanging Rock\" (1975), the original \"Mad Max\" (1979) and the sequel, \"\"(1981) Cardin was born in 1906 in London, to French parents. She attended school in England, being educated at a convent in London and she finished her schooling in France. Her mother died whilst on the \"RMS Titanic\", the cruise ship that struck a large iceberg in the Atlantic Ocean on its maiden voyage in 1912. Cardin worked in the technical area", "title": "Margaret Cardin" }, { "id": "4355274", "text": "the Jarawa were bombed by Japanese forces for their hostility. In 1974, a film crew and anthropologist Triloknath Pandit attempted friendly contact by leaving a tethered pig, some pots and pans, some fruit, and toys on the beach at North Sentinel Island. One of the islanders shot the film director in the thigh with an arrow. The following year, European visitors were repulsed with arrows. On 2 August 1981, the Hong Kong freighter ship \"Primrose\" grounded on the North Sentinel Island reef. A few days later, crewmen on the immobile vessel observed that small black men were carrying spears and", "title": "Andamanese" }, { "id": "4256279", "text": "batting average, 40 home runs and 343 RBI in 1148 games played. In 2007, Viña joined ESPN as an analyst for \"Baseball Tonight\" to do about 60 shows during the 2007, 2008, and 2009 seasons. He was inducted into the Arizona State Hall of Fame in 2011 and Milwaukee Brewers Wall of Honor in 2014.Hit the 1st inside the park homerun ever in both AT&T Park and Miller Park. On December 13, 2007, Viña was mentioned in the Mitchell Report in connection with steroid use. The report cited an interview with former Mets clubhouse attendant Derek Sprang, who claimed Viña", "title": "Fernando Viña" }, { "id": "5868551", "text": "knee and send the game into overtime, but quarterback Joel Lanning was sacked on second down and lost possession of the ball, ultimately leading to a game-winning field goal by the Wildcats. Iowa State coach Paul Rhoads' play-calling in the final 90 seconds of the game, the culmination of a difficult 2015 season for ISU, ultimately led to his firing. On September 23, 1991, in a Monday Night game between the New York Jets and the Chicago Bears, the Jets were leading 13–6 and had the ball with two minutes remaining. With thousands of fans already having given up and", "title": "Miracle at the Meadowlands" }, { "id": "144076", "text": "throughout the 1960s. In the U.S., a post-WW2 tendency toward questioning the establishment and societal norms and the early activism of the civil rights movement was reflected in Hollywood films such as \"Blackboard Jungle\" (1955), \"On the Waterfront\" (1954), Paddy Chayefsky's \"Marty\" and Reginald Rose's \"12 Angry Men\" (1957). Disney continued making animated films, notably; \"Cinderella\" (1950), \"Peter Pan\" (1953), \"Lady and the Tramp\" (1955), and \"Sleeping Beauty\" (1959). He began, however, getting more involved in live action films, producing classics like \"20,000 Leagues Under the Sea\" (1954), and \"Old Yeller\" (1957). Television began competing seriously with films projected in", "title": "History of film" }, { "id": "16650120", "text": "Run–D.M.C., System of a Down, Iggy Pop, Mötley Crüe, Limp Bizkit, Chicago, Scorpions, Foreigner, 7 Seconds, Mary J. Blige, Jessica Simpson, Avenged Sevenfold, John Fogerty, Courtney Love, Kid Rock, Pat Benatar, White Zombie, Brandy, Tito Puente, Coolio, Black Label Society, Dwight Yoakam, Pink and Dishwalla. Studio was purchased by Paramount Recording Studios in 2010. Track Record Studios Track Record Studios is a recording studio, originally established around 1970 and located in North Hollywood, California. Many gold or platinum records were recorded or mixed at Track Record: The Offspring's \"Ignition\" and the follow-up \"Smash\" (which has gone platinum six times), Emmylou", "title": "Track Record Studios" }, { "id": "16966714", "text": "Thompson were announced as hosts. The shows were filmed in Riverside, California at the Aquatics Complex on the Riverside City College campus. A humorous, personalized walkout song was composed for each celebrity by supervising producer and lyricist Rick Austin with music by Jingle Punks. The show's producers decided to write original pieces to avoid the cost of obtaining rights to hit songs. Austin said the idea was create songs that were \"intentionally bad\", but \"fun\". The challenge this week was to do a dive with a partner. Kendra Wilkinson withdrew from the competition due to personal reasons prior to Week", "title": "Splash (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "7017503", "text": "a month later came to San Diego, where they built a self-recording tidal gauge station at La Playa in September and left Cassidy in charge. He remained in charge of the tidal gauge and weather observations for seventeen years. He also collected specimens for the Smithsonian Institution. This gauge recorded a tsunami from Japan in December 1854 and a local earthquake in July 1854. This is believed to be the earliest recorded earthquake. In 1863 Cassidy married his first wife Rosa Serrano, daughter of José Antonio Serrano and Rafaela Nieves Aquilar. Rosa was only 15 at the time, and she", "title": "Andrew Cassidy" }, { "id": "12046327", "text": "especially after it was redesigned in the early 1970s to accommodate the NFL 49ers. AT&T Park is the centerpiece of a \"renaissance\" in San Francisco's South Beach and Mission Bay neighborhoods, known for what has been called sustainable design. Despite inaugural game festivities at the new ballpark, those pesky Dodgers spoiled the 2000 season opener with an unexpected three-HR outburst by little-known, light-hitting shortstop Kevin Elster. But the Giants rebounded after losing their first six games in their new home with a solid effort all season long, culminating with not only the NL West Division title but the best record", "title": "History of the San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "5919682", "text": "formed in Sydney, Australia, in mid-1976, initially as a studio-only pop rock band, by Harry Vanda and George Young both on guitar, keyboards and vocals. The duo had been members of the Easybeats, and subsequently worked as songwriters and producers, Vanda & Young, both in Australia and in the United Kingdom (UK). They were A&R agents for Albert Productions, and its in-house producers at Albert Studios in Sydney, from mid-1973. Flash and the Pan's debut single, \"Hey, St. Peter\" was issued in September 1976 on Albert Productions, which they had co-written and co-produced \"as an engaging diversion from the real", "title": "Flash and the Pan" }, { "id": "3800931", "text": "Legislature, the group borrowed $60 million to build the park. Construction began in March 1997, and the park opened for business on May 23, 1998. The park opened with four major areas, including \"Celebration City Theme Park\", \"Steel Waters Water Park\", a children's area called \"Marvel City\", and a shopping/dining area known as \"Main Street\". In 1999, the park expanded, adding Wild River Gorge, a river rapids attraction. Dino Domain, a walk through exhibit featuring animatronic dinosaurs, was built in the woods behind Main Street but closed after the season. In 2001, Wild River Gorge reopened with minor adjustments along", "title": "Alabama Splash Adventure" }, { "id": "3372396", "text": "it was below the top of the wall and it was hit a couple of times over the years. On May 27, 1991, the stadium received national attention when Vancouver Canadians outfielder Rodney McCray, while attempting to catch a fly ball, crashed through a wooden advertisement behind the warning track in right-center field; a real-life version of an incident in the fictional book and film, \"The Natural\". While McCray failed to make the out, he only suffered scrapes and bruises and remained in the game. Highlight reels of that play ran for weeks on cable channels such as CNN and", "title": "Providence Park" }, { "id": "13905680", "text": "Cotton Bowl stadium opened in 1932. Originally known as the Fair Park Bowl, it is located in Fair Park, site of the State Fair of Texas. Due to the immense crowds that SMU running back Doak Walker drew to the stadium during his college career in the late 1940s, the stadium became known as \"The House That Doak Built.\" The Cotton Bowl Classic called the stadium home from the bowl's inception in 1937 until the 2009 game, after which it moved to what is now AT&T Stadium. The stadium also served as the original home of Dallas' first, ill-fated National", "title": "First Responder Bowl" }, { "id": "1486150", "text": "Candlestick Park Candlestick Park was an outdoor sports and entertainment stadium in the West Coast of the United States, located in San Francisco, in the Bayview Heights area. The stadium was originally the home of Major League Baseball's San Francisco Giants, who played there from 1960 until moving into Pacific Bell Park (since renamed AT&T Park) in 2000. It was also the home field of the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League from 1971 through 2013. The 49ers moved to Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara for the 2014 season. The last event held at Candlestick was a concert", "title": "Candlestick Park" }, { "id": "10860705", "text": "new infotainment system. Maruti Ritz models Suzuki Splash The Suzuki Splash () is a city car introduced to the market in 2008. It was jointly developed by Suzuki Motor Corporation and Adam Opel AG, which market their version under the name of Agila. Its debut as a concept car took place in 2006 Paris Auto Show, making its production form debut at the 2007 Frankfurt Auto Show. In the European market lineup, the Splash was located below the Swift and used a shortened wheelbase version of its chassis. In the Japanese market lineup, however, the car was situated between the", "title": "Suzuki Splash" }, { "id": "11058659", "text": "the Cincinnati Reds and the Pittsburgh Pirates, on April 9, 2001. The Reds won the game by the final score of 8–2. The first pitch was thrown by Todd Ritchie, a ball to Barry Larkin. In the top of the first inning, Sean Casey's two-run home run was the first hit in the park. The first Pirates' batter, Adrian Brown, struck out; however, later in the inning Jason Kendall singled, the first hit by a Pirate. Two days later, John Vander Wal became the first Pirate to hit a home run in the park. Upon opening in 2001, PNC Park", "title": "2001 Pittsburgh Pirates season" }, { "id": "9349669", "text": "on the cover of the CD \"The Marvelettes: The Very Best of the Motor City Recordings\". As a lead vocalist, Mashay has released many tracks that have performed well on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart and the Hot Dance Airplay chart. Those singles include \"Something to Feel\" (1995), \"Happiness\" (1997), \"Step Into My Life\" (1998), \"Sextacy\" (2000) and \"Send Me an Angel\" (2005). Her voice is probably best known from the \"Let's get soaking wet!\" chanting throughout the Barry Harris track \"Dive in the Pool\", made famous by its inclusion in the American television series \"Queer as Folk\".", "title": "Pepper MaShay" }, { "id": "8555241", "text": "an experimental program which commenced in April 2013 and was replaced by a ride-sharing service in December 2017. AT&T Stadium AT&T Stadium, formerly Cowboys Stadium, is a retractable roof stadium in Arlington, Texas, United States. It serves as the home of the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL) and was completed on May 27, 2009. It is also the home of the Cotton Bowl Classic and the Big 12 Championship Game. The facility, owned by the city of Arlington, can also be used for a variety of other activities such as concerts, basketball games, college and high school", "title": "AT&T Stadium" }, { "id": "386292", "text": "hitters. Its design minimizes wind-chill, and it is served by mass transit and has views of the bay and the city skyline; traits all lacking at Candlestick especially after it was redesigned in the early 1970s to accommodate the NFL 49ers. AT&T Park is the centerpiece of a \"renaissance\" in San Francisco's South Beach and Mission Bay neighborhoods, known for what has been called sustainable design. Despite inaugural game festivities at the new ballpark, the Dodgers spoiled the 2000 season opener with an unexpected three-HR outburst by little-known, light-hitting shortstop Kevin Elster. But the Giants rebounded after losing their first", "title": "San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "5566426", "text": "Nationals defeated the Braves 3–2 with a walk-off home run from Ryan Zimmerman, giving the Nationals their first opening day win since moving to Washington. Chipper Jones of the Braves hit the first batted ball and first home run, while the Nationals' Cristian Guzman got the first base hit. According to the Elias Sports Bureau, Zimmerman's game-winning home run was the third walk-off home run in major-league history to be hit in the first MLB game played at a stadium. The game was the most-watched MLB opening night in the history of ESPN. In their first season at Nationals Park,", "title": "Nationals Park" }, { "id": "11025661", "text": "outs in the 9th inning, off of Troy Percival. The biggest home run of the night, however, was hit by Tim Salmon, a longtime Angel, with 2 outs and one on in the bottom of the 8th. The dramatic blast won the game for the Angels. October 22, 2002 at Pacific Bell Park in San Francisco Anaheim won 10-4 in the first game at Pacific Bell Park (now AT&T Park). The Angels batted around twice without a home run in either of their 4-run innings. Barry Bonds hit another home run, becoming the first man to homer in his first", "title": "2002 San Francisco Giants season" }, { "id": "7575937", "text": "run ever hit into the left-field upper deck of Three Rivers Stadium—one of only 13 upper-deck home runs in the stadium's history. His shot came off San Diego Padre pitcher Steve Arlin on July 16, 1971. Pirate announcer Bob Prince called Robertson \"The Mount Savage Strongboy\" and once said of him, \"Robertson could hit a ball out of any park—including Yellowstone.\" Robertson was born in Frostburg, Maryland on October 2, 1946 and raised in Mount Savage, Maryland where he graduated from Mount Savage High School. Robertson lives in LaVale, Maryland with his wife, Carolyn. They have seven grandchildren. Bob Robertson", "title": "Bob Robertson" }, { "id": "320943", "text": "screeching sound effects (see \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\", among many others). \"78/52: Hitchcock's Shower Scene\", a documentary on its production by Alexandre O. Philippe, was released on October 13, 2017, including interviews with and analysis by Guillermo del Toro, Peter Bogdanovich, Bret Easton Ellis, Jamie Lee Curtis, Karyn Kusama, Eli Roth, Oz Perkins, Leigh Whannell, Walter Murch, Danny Elfman, Elijah Wood, Richard Stanley, and Neil Marshall. \"Psycho\" is considered by some to be the first film in the slasher film genre, though some critics and film historians point to Michael Powell's Peeping Tom, a lesser-known film with very similar", "title": "Psycho (1960 film)" }, { "id": "2666235", "text": "entire sport. Flood collected the first hit in a major league regular season game in Canada. He doubled off Montreal Expos pitcher Larry Jaster in the first inning of the Expos' inaugural home game, on April 14, 1969, at Jarry Park. (Jaster, a Cardinal teammate of Flood's just the year before, had been selected by the Expos in the expansion draft.) Despite his outstanding playing career, Flood's principal legacy developed off the field. He believed that Major League Baseball's decades-old reserve clause was unfair in that it kept players beholden for life to the team with which they originally signed,", "title": "Curt Flood" }, { "id": "20051812", "text": "barrage of bricks, bottles, stones, sticks and chairs, but Hispanic witnesses charged that policemen stormed the park with nightsticks and attacked many picnickers, including families with children.\" The account continues to state that the riot escalated because police were outnumbered (Chicago police officers were stationed in large numbers at Soldier Field for a rock concert that day). Another account describes police arriving to respond to reports of gang activity in part of Humboldt Park, to find a park full of Spanish-speaking people congregating. The presence of police, and perhaps some provocation by police, started the riot. During the first day", "title": "Humboldt Park riot" }, { "id": "6074118", "text": "group from St. Petersburg, now home to the Tampa Bay Rays. Magowan made his mark on the team immediately, signing free agent superstar Barry Bonds, a San Francisco Bay Area-native whose father began his career as a Giant. Magowan is also noted for spearheading the construction of the Giants' current home, AT&T Park (previously SBC Park and Pacific Bell Park). Previously, several initiatives to build tax-supported stadiums had been rejected by San Francisco voters. In December 1995, Magowan unveiled his plan for a 42,000 seat ballpark in China Basin, which would be privately funded - the first ballpark built without", "title": "Peter Magowan" }, { "id": "4843716", "text": "24 February. The greeting was set to the soundtrack of \"Dosvedanya Mio Bombino\"—one of Pink Martini's signature songs—and was mixed with footage of the docking. Pink Martini's debut album \"Sympathique\" was released independently in 1997 on the band's own label, Heinz Records (named after Lauderdale's dog), and became an international phenomenon, garnering the group nominations for \"Song of the Year\" and \"Best New Artist\" in France's Victoires de la Musique Awards in 2000. Pink Martini released \"Hang On Little Tomato\" in 2004, \"Hey Eugene!\" in 2007 and \"Splendor in the Grass\" in 2009. In November 2010 the band released Joy", "title": "Pink Martini" }, { "id": "144108", "text": "became famous. These Hong Kong action trends were later adopted by many Hollywood action films in the 1990s and 2000s. The early 1990s saw the development of a commercially successful independent cinema in the United States. Although cinema was increasingly dominated by special-effects films such as \"\" (1991), \"Jurassic Park\" (1993) and \"Titanic\" (1997), the latter of which became the highest-grossing film of all time at the time up until \"Avatar\" (2009), also directed by James Cameron, independent films like Steven Soderbergh's \"Sex, Lies, and Videotape\" (1989) and Quentin Tarantino's \"Reservoir Dogs\" (1992) had significant commercial success both at the", "title": "History of film" }, { "id": "770039", "text": "the gross. Warner Bros. and Tim Burton, Columbia Pictures and Richard Donner, and 20th Century Fox and Joe Dante bid for the rights, but Universal Studios eventually acquired them in May 1990 for Spielberg. After completing \"Hook\", Spielberg wanted to film \"Schindler's List\". Sid Sheinberg, president of Music Corporation of America (then Universal Pictures' parent company) gave the green light to \"Schindler's List\" on the condition Spielberg make \"Jurassic Park\" first. He said later by choosing a creature-driven thriller, \"I was really just trying to make a good sequel to \"Jaws\", on land.\" To create the dinosaurs, Spielberg thought of", "title": "Jurassic Park (film)" }, { "id": "5611571", "text": "iron were used for armor as well as for different weapons such as swords, daggers, spears, and maces. According to the assyriologist Stephanie Dalley, the earliest pump was the Archimedes' screw, first used by Sennacherib, King of Assyria, for the water systems at the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Nineveh in the 7th century BCE. This attribution, however, is refuted by the historian of ancient water-lifting devices Olseon in the same paper, who still credits, as well as most other scholars, Archimedes with the invention. Perhaps the most important advance made by the Mesopotamians was the invention of writing by", "title": "Ancient technology" }, { "id": "2282912", "text": "above which are several rows of arcade seating. The fence angles quickly away from home plate; right-center field extends out to from home plate. Atop the fence are four pillars with fountains atop. Jets of water burst from the four pillars at the end of the National Anthem and also when the Giants hit a home run or win a game. In the past, rubber chickens put up by fans whenever a Giants player (especially Barry Bonds) was intentionally walked, would line the foul portion of the wall. The fans would do this to show that the opposing team is", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "9861285", "text": "on August 6, 1960, against the Los Angeles Chargers at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. The Titans kicked off to begin the game, and Chargers running back Paul Lowe returned the kick 105 yards for a touchdown. New York lost, 27–7. On September 11, 1960, the opening regular season game was played in a heavy downpour, the remains of Hurricane Diana. Water poured off Coogan's Bluff, situated above the Polo Grounds, swamping the field, which had poor drainage. The Titans' offense was less affected by the mud than that of the visiting Buffalo Bills. The Titans won the game 27–3 before", "title": "History of the New York Jets" }, { "id": "7957681", "text": "Splish Splash Splish Splash is a water park in Calverton, New York. It features 30 rides and runs from May through September. Travel Channel ranked Splish Splash the third best water park in the United States. Splish Splash was built in 1989, headed by Chip Cleary with the original owners being the same as Adventureland. It opened in May 1991 with three body slides, two speed slides, two kiddie pools, two tube slides, a lazy river, and a restaurant. In 1995, the Lazy River opened. The park has been owned and operated by Palace Entertainment since 2001. Today the lazy", "title": "Splish Splash" }, { "id": "2282929", "text": "set into the wall. A third statue, dedicated in 2005, honors former Giants pitcher Juan Marichal, and is located outside the ballpark at the Lefty O'Doul Gate entrance. The fourth statue is located at the park's ferry plaza behind center field, also known as Seals Plaza; a statue of a seal bobbing a baseball on its nose honors the memory of the San Francisco Seals, the minor league baseball club that played before the arrival of the Giants in 1958. On September 6, 2008, during a series against the Pittsburgh Pirates, a fifth statue depicting former Giants great Orlando Cepeda", "title": "AT&T Park" }, { "id": "8378739", "text": "never took the FSF or Open Source movement seriously, in spite of the fact that some of its original engineering staff had assisted the FSF in the early days. Mike Grinder, one of the few employees left from the first phase of Microport, took over as head of Microport during this phase. Microport Microport (1985–2002) created the first version of AT&T UNIX System V for the IBM 286 and 386 Personal Computers, as well as IBM's PS/2 systems. Together, these IBM families formed the backbone of what is now known as the Intel x86 architecture. By taking a new (at", "title": "Microport" }, { "id": "5153861", "text": "directorial debut, the short horror film \"Cursed Part 3\", which was filmed in Los Angeles. Pratt's first regular television role was as Harold Brighton \"Bright\" Abbott on the series \"Everwood\". After \"Everwood\" cancellation, he joined the cast of \"The O.C.\" for its fourth season, playing activist Winchester \"Ché\" Cook. He also had an appearance in the 2008 action film \"Wanted\", where James McAvoy hits him with a keyboard. In 2009, Pratt began playing Andy Dwyer on the NBC comedy series \"Parks and Recreation\". Originally meant to be a temporary character, producers liked Pratt so much they asked him to become", "title": "Chris Pratt" }, { "id": "1691339", "text": "55 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 16 on the chart. It received tremendous airplay worldwide, played frequently in the \"Baywatch\" television series, is featured in several feature films (including Real Genius), received heavy rotation on MTV as well as MTV’s top video playlists, and gets regular airplay today on classic rock radio stations throughout the United States. Leonard Haze was replaced by Jimmy DeGrasso in 1986 and Joey Alves was replaced by Stef Burns in 1989. DeGrasso and Burns later played together with Alice Cooper in the 1990s. Y&T's studio album \"Ten\" was released in 1990. The album", "title": "Y&T" }, { "id": "5706599", "text": "1996 with 41 home runs, which was also the single-season record for the Mets. He hit a home run on Opening Day four seasons in a row, 1994 through 1997. As a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers, was the first visitor to hit a home run into McCovey Cove at AT&T Park, on June 30, 2000. Todd Hundley Todd Randolph Hundley (born May 27, 1969) is a former Major League Baseball catcher and outfielder. He is the son of former Chicago Cubs catcher Randy Hundley. Hundley is a graduate of William Fremd High School and attended William Rainey Harper", "title": "Todd Hundley" }, { "id": "11492597", "text": "On June 7, he hit the first grand slam of his career, against Luis Ayala, in a 6–0 victory over the Washington Nationals. On July 2, Bowker hit a two-run \"Splash Hit\" home run into McCovey Cove against Ryan Dempster in a 6–5 loss to the Chicago Cubs. He was batting .274 before the All-Star break, but after batting .152 with two RBI in 21 games after the break, he was optioned to Fresno on August 13 to make room on the roster for Travis Ishikawa, who replaced him as the Giants' first baseman. He was recalled by the Giants", "title": "John Bowker (baseball)" }, { "id": "12046324", "text": "to the new grounds where the downtown stadium was being built. In 2000, after forty years, the Giants bade farewell to Candlestick Park and, as long advocated, moved into a privately financed downtown stadium (AT&T Park, originally Pacific or \"Pac\" Bell Park and later renamed SBC Park) on that part of the shoreline of China Basin known to Giant fans as McCovey Cove, at the corner of 3rd and King Streets (with an official address of 24 Willie Mays Plaza in honor of the longtime Giant superstar), ushering in a new era for the Giants and their fans. While Candlestick", "title": "History of the San Francisco Giants" }, { "id": "6232099", "text": "bus. EISA versions always supported 256MB RAM. Interactive Systems Corporation Interactive Systems Corporation (styled INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation, abbreviated ISC) was a US-based software company and the first vendor of the Unix operating system outside AT&T, operating from Santa Monica, California. It was founded in 1977 by Peter G. Weiner, a RAND Corporation researcher who had previously founded the Yale University computer science department and had been the Ph. D. advisor to Brian Kernighan, one of Unix's developers at AT&T. Weiner was joined by Heinz Lycklama, also a veteran of AT&T and previously the author of a Version 6 Unix port", "title": "Interactive Systems Corporation" }, { "id": "10506641", "text": "geh' voran\" (a translation of \"Fox on the Run\", also by Sweet). Bodybuilder/hard rock singer Jon Mikl Thor once performed the song on \"The Mike Douglas Show\". \"Action\" was covered by British hard rock band Def Leppard on their album \"Retro Active\". \"Andy \"[Scott]\" said that our version of 'Action' was the best cover of a Sweet song he'd ever heard,\" noted singer Joe Elliott. The music video was directed by Phil Tuckett from NFL entertainment. The approximate shooting date was between June and December 1993; in Sheffield, Ottawa, and Joe Elliott's home in Ireland. The band 'discovered' the masked", "title": "Action (Sweet song)" }, { "id": "5107972", "text": "Diego, after the AFCA was convinced that Lubbock's advantages as a college town without competing entertainment would fill the stands with existing college football fans from West Texas. The first game held at Jones Stadium took place only 47 days after downtown Lubbock was hit by a tornado in 1970. The stadium's newly installed AstroTurf was unharmed, but some of the light towers on the east side—which had recently been fitted with extra lights for the color telecast of the All-America Game—were bent or snapped off. Even with the surrounding circumstances, the inaugural Jones Stadium game drew 42,150 in attendance,", "title": "Jones AT&T Stadium" }, { "id": "16900611", "text": "of debt. AT&T acquired MediaOne for $54 billion in cash and stock, after a bidding war with Comcast. In 1998, AT&T announced a US$1 billion alliance with BT to offer global voice over IP (VoIP) services, called Concert, sparking rumors of a potential merger. But the parties fought for control of the project and could not even agree on the alliance's name. By mid-2001, customers were being directed to sign contracts with the parent companies, and Concert Communications Services, as the venture was eventually known, was scrapped in October that year. In 1999, AT&T acquired the Olivetti & Oracle Research", "title": "History of AT&T" }, { "id": "8555228", "text": "was criticized by the Arlington mayor), \"Cowboys Cathedral\", \"Jerrassic Park\" and others. There was also a petition by some fans to have the stadium named after longtime Cowboys' coach Tom Landry. On May 13, 2009, Jerry Jones announced the official name as Cowboys Stadium. On July 25, 2013, Jerry Jones announced that the Dallas Cowboys had agreed to grant naming rights to AT&T. The name change from Cowboys Stadium to AT&T Stadium took effect immediately. The sponsorship deal was reported to be worth about $17–19 million per year. Facility Solutions Group installed the \"AT&T Stadium\" letters on the top of", "title": "AT&T Stadium" } ]

[ "Denver Broncos" ]

[ { "id": "385659", "text": "play in the Pro Bowl, as the Seahawks defeated the New Orleans Saints 23–15 and the San Francisco 49ers 23–17, in the playoffs to advance to Super Bowl XLVIII against the Denver Broncos. On February 2, 2014, the Seahawks won the franchise's first Super Bowl Championship, defeating Denver 43–8. The Seahawks' defense performance in 2013 was acclaimed as one of the best in the Super Bowl era. The following season, Seattle advanced to Super Bowl XLIX, their second consecutive Super Bowl, but they were dethroned of their title by the New England Patriots by a score of 28–24. They got", "title": "Seattle Seahawks" }, { "id": "17074547", "text": "2014 NFL season The 2014 NFL season was the 95th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on Thursday, September 4, 2014, with the annual kickoff game featuring the defending Super Bowl XLVIII champion Seattle Seahawks hosting the Green Bay Packers, which resulted with the Seahawks winning, 36–16. The season concluded with Super Bowl XLIX, the league's championship game, on Sunday, February 1, 2015, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, with the New England Patriots defeating the Seattle Seahawks, 28–24. The 2014 league year began at 4 pm EST on March 11,", "title": "2014 NFL season" }, { "id": "7141011", "text": "the Seahawks and the fifth Super Bowl loss for the Broncos, tied with the New England Patriots for the most of any team. The game was played on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey, the first Super Bowl played outdoors in a cold-weather city and the first Super Bowl to be played on February 2. This marked the third time the number one seed from each conference met in the league championship, joining Super Bowl XXVIII (1994) and Super Bowl XLIV (2010). The Seahawks posted a 13–3 record and were", "title": "Super Bowl XLVIII" }, { "id": "17074635", "text": "new officials were hired, including Shawn Hochuli, son of referee Ed Hochuli. 2014 NFL season The 2014 NFL season was the 95th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on Thursday, September 4, 2014, with the annual kickoff game featuring the defending Super Bowl XLVIII champion Seattle Seahawks hosting the Green Bay Packers, which resulted with the Seahawks winning, 36–16. The season concluded with Super Bowl XLIX, the league's championship game, on Sunday, February 1, 2015, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, with the New England Patriots defeating the Seattle Seahawks, 28–24.", "title": "2014 NFL season" }, { "id": "14903042", "text": "the Seahawks secured the top playoff seed in the NFC with a conference-best 13-3 record. After a bye week, Seattle defeated the New Orleans Saints in the playoffs. The Seahawks then beat the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Championship Game to advance to Super Bowl XLVIII. On February 2, 2014, Maragos and the Seahawks defeated the Denver Broncos 43–8 in the third-most lopsided Super Bowl in history. It was the most-watched program in the history of American television. On March 12, 2014, Maragos signed a three-year, $4 million contract with the Philadelphia Eagles. On December 6, 2015, his blocked", "title": "Chris Maragos" }, { "id": "14822496", "text": "2013 NFL season The 2013 NFL season was the 94th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season saw the Seattle Seahawks capture the first championship in the franchise's 38 years in the league with a lopsided 43-8 victory over the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII, the league's championship game. The Super Bowl was played at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey on Sunday, February 2, 2014. It was the first Super Bowl hosted by New Jersey and the first to be held outdoors in a cold weather environment. The Seahawks scored 12 seconds", "title": "2013 NFL season" }, { "id": "14822559", "text": "including the following: 2013 NFL season The 2013 NFL season was the 94th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season saw the Seattle Seahawks capture the first championship in the franchise's 38 years in the league with a lopsided 43-8 victory over the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII, the league's championship game. The Super Bowl was played at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey on Sunday, February 2, 2014. It was the first Super Bowl hosted by New Jersey and the first to be held outdoors in a cold weather environment. The Seahawks", "title": "2013 NFL season" }, { "id": "9869691", "text": "final minute. With 36 seconds left to play, however, Kaepernick's throw to receiver Michael Crabtree in the end zone was deflected by Sherman into the hands of Malcolm Smith, securing the victory for the Seahawks in a play that has since gone down in Seahawks lore as \"The Tip\". The Seahawks won by a final score of 23-17, sending the Seahawks to Super Bowl XLVIII as the NFC representative, their second trip to the Super Bowl in franchise history. On February 2, 2014, the Seahawks played in Super Bowl XLVIII against the Denver Broncos, pitting the league's #1 defense (Seattle)", "title": "History of the Seattle Seahawks" }, { "id": "12304557", "text": "Seahawks became the fourth defending Super Bowl champions to lose in the following year's title game, after the 1978 Dallas Cowboys, 1983 Washington Redskins and the 1997 Green Bay Packers. After finishing the previous season by defeating the Denver Broncos, 43–8, in Super Bowl XLVIII, Seattle completed the 2014 regular season with a 12–4 record. The Patriots, who also posted a 12–4 record, joined the Dallas Cowboys and Pittsburgh Steelers as one of the three teams to have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl. For the second straight season, but only the third time in the prior 21 seasons,", "title": "Super Bowl XLIX" }, { "id": "12304556", "text": "Super Bowl XLIX Super Bowl XLIX was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2014 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks, 28–24, to earn their fourth Super Bowl title and their first in ten years. The game was played on February 1, 2015 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. It was the second time the stadium has hosted a Super Bowl, and the third one held in the Phoenix metropolitan area. With the loss, the", "title": "Super Bowl XLIX" }, { "id": "2978682", "text": "Divisional Round of the playoffs by a score of 23-15. In the NFC Championship Game, cornerback Richard Sherman tipped a Colin Kaepernick pass into the waiting arms of Malcolm Smith to secure a 23-17 win over the 49ers. On February 2, 2014, Carroll led the Seattle Seahawks to their first Super Bowl win in franchise history after defeating the Denver Broncos, 43–8, in Super Bowl XLVIII. Carroll joined Barry Switzer and Jimmy Johnson as the only coaches to win both an NCAA championship and a Super Bowl. At age 62, Carroll was the third-oldest coach to win a Super Bowl.", "title": "Pete Carroll" }, { "id": "376025", "text": "Jersey's MetLife Stadium in February 2014, was the first Super Bowl held outdoors in a cold weather environment. The Seattle Seahawks won their first NFL title with a 43–8 defeat of the Denver Broncos, in a highly touted matchup that pitted Seattle's top-ranked defense against a Peyton Manning-led Denver offense that had broken the NFL's single-season scoring record. In Super Bowl XLIX, the Patriots beat the defending Super Bowl champions, the Seahawks, 28–24 as Malcolm Butler intercepted a Seattle pass in the end zone with the Seahawks poised to take the lead. In Super Bowl 50, the Broncos, led by", "title": "Super Bowl" }, { "id": "17736238", "text": "to Doug Baldwin, and the second a touchdown pass from Wilson to Jermaine Kearse to win the game 28-22. With the win, the Seahawks became the first defending champion to return to the Super Bowl since the 2004 Patriots. Additionally, they ended the Packers' season the same way it began, as they lost to the Seahawks at CenturyLink Field in the Kickoff Game. 2014 Seattle Seahawks season The 2014 Seattle Seahawks season was the franchise's 39th season in the National Football League and the fifth under head coach Pete Carroll. The Seahawks started the season as the defending Super Bowl", "title": "2014 Seattle Seahawks season" }, { "id": "12880210", "text": "2013, but the Seahawks finished the season 13-3. In the playoffs, the Seahawks beat both the New Orleans Saints and San Francisco 49ers to reach Super Bowl XLVIII. The Seahawks won the Super Bowl 43-8 after they beat the Denver Broncos to give Okung his first Super Bowl ring. Okung started 14 games in the 2014 season and help the Seahawks finish with a 12-4 record. The Seahawks beat both the Carolina Panthers and Green Bay Packers to reach Super Bowl XLIX. The Seahawks failed to repeat as Super Bowl champions after they lost 28–24 to the New England Patriots.", "title": "Russell Okung" }, { "id": "17074566", "text": "the NFC Championship Game at 3:00 pm Eastern Time on Fox and the AFC Championship Game following at 6:30 pm Eastern on CBS. In the NFC Championship, the Seahawks, trailing 16–0 at halftime and then 19–7 with under three minutes left in the game, were led by Russell Wilson, who, despite throwing four interceptions, rallied the team to 15 unanswered points and won the game on a 35-yard touchdown pass to Jermaine Kearse in overtime to become the first team to make consecutive Super Bowl appearances since the 2004 New England Patriots, and the first NFC team to make consecutive", "title": "2014 NFL season" }, { "id": "17736231", "text": "conference champions, the first NFC team since the 1997 Green Bay Packers to repeat as NFC Champions, the first team to go to consecutive Super Bowls as the #1 seed in the playoffs since the 1990–1991 Buffalo Bills, and the first NFC team to go to consecutive Super Bowls as the #1 seed in the playoffs since the 1982–1983 Washington Redskins. In Super Bowl XLIX, the Seahawks were defeated by the Patriots 28–24, thereby being dethroned and failing to become the first repeat champion since the 2004 New England Patriots. Notes The Seahawks started their 2014 season at home against", "title": "2014 Seattle Seahawks season" }, { "id": "17736228", "text": "2014 Seattle Seahawks season The 2014 Seattle Seahawks season was the franchise's 39th season in the National Football League and the fifth under head coach Pete Carroll. The Seahawks started the season as the defending Super Bowl champions for the first time in franchise history. The season began with a 36–16 victory over the Green Bay Packers in their first meeting since the controversial Fail Mary Game. After struggling to a 3–3 record, which included a rare home loss to the Dallas Cowboys, they went on a 9–1 run to finish the season, which included a sweep of their division", "title": "2014 Seattle Seahawks season" }, { "id": "12304621", "text": "gain Receptions Times targeted Super Bowl XLIX had nine officials. The numbers in parentheses below indicates their uniform numbers. Super Bowl XLIX Super Bowl XLIX was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2014 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks, 28–24, to earn their fourth Super Bowl title and their first in ten years. The game was played on February 1, 2015 at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. It was the second time the stadium", "title": "Super Bowl XLIX" }, { "id": "79966", "text": "team led by rookie quarterback Russell Wilson, 16–12. In the 2013 season, the Panthers opened the season at home versus Seattle. They again lost a close game, with the final score 12–7. The Seahawks would go on to win Super Bowl XLVIII. In the 2014 season, once more at Bank of America Stadium, the Seahawks defeated the Panthers in week eight, 13–9. In the divisional round of the playoffs, the Panthers faced Seattle in Seattle, notorious for being a tough opposing field to play in, and lost 31–17. The Seahawks would go on to lose Super Bowl XLIX. In the", "title": "Carolina Panthers" }, { "id": "17736230", "text": "NFL team to do so since the 2013 Denver Broncos. The Seahawks opened the playoffs with a win over the Carolina Panthers in the Divisional round, becoming the first defending champion since the 2005 Patriots to win a playoff game the following season. In one of the greatest comebacks in NFL history, the Seahawks advanced to Super Bowl XLIX by defeating the Green Bay Packers 28–22 in overtime after trailing 16–0 at halftime and 19–7 with less than three minutes left in regulation. In doing so, they became the first team since the 2004 New England Patriots to repeat as", "title": "2014 Seattle Seahawks season" }, { "id": "13752770", "text": "16 games with 10 starts. Carpenter earned a Super Bowl ring with the Seahawks in Super Bowl XLVIII where they defeated the Denver Broncos 43–8, giving Carpenter his first career championship title and the Seahawks their first Super Bowl win in franchise history. In the offseason, Seattle declined the fifth-year option for Carpenter. In the 2014 season, Carpenter started all 13 games he appeared in and participated in the Seahawks making it to Super Bowl XLIX, where they lost to the New England Patriots by a score of 28–24. On March 10, 2015, Carpenter signed a four-year contract with the", "title": "James Carpenter (American football)" }, { "id": "17074568", "text": "balls before the game, giving the game the title 'Deflategate'. This was the most lopsided AFC championship victory since the Buffalo Bills defeated the Los Angeles Raiders 51–3 in the 1990 season. Super Bowl XLIX, the 49th contesting of the Super Bowl, decided the 2014 NFL champion on February 1, 2015, with the New England Patriots defeating the defending Super Bowl XLVIII champions Seattle Seahawks, who were looking to repeat, by a score of 28–24. With a controversial play call by Seattle's head coach, Pete Carroll, they decided to try to pass the ball in for a touchdown at the", "title": "2014 NFL season" }, { "id": "17736233", "text": "2011. This would be the first Super Bowl rematch (Super Bowl opponents in the previous year who face each other again in the current year) since 1997. Although the Broncos would rally in the 4th quarter to send the game into overtime, the Seahawks scored a touchdown in overtime to win. They entered their bye week at 2–1. Percy Harvin had three touchdowns in this game negated by penalties. This was his penultimate game with the Seahawks. The Cowboys defeated the Seahawks 30-23. The Seahawks suffered only their second home loss since Russell Wilson became the starting quarterback at the", "title": "2014 Seattle Seahawks season" }, { "id": "17736236", "text": "throughout the playoffs for the second consecutive season. Seattle entered the postseason as the #1 seed in the NFC. The Seahawks defeated the Panthers 31-17, becoming the first defending Super Bowl champion to win a playoff game since the 2005 Patriots, and advanced to their second consecutive NFC Championship game. They hosted the Green Bay Packers, who defeated the Dallas Cowboys 26-21. After trailing 16-0 in the 3rd quarter and 19-7 with just over 2 minutes remaining, Russell Wilson, who threw 4 interceptions in the game, rallied Seattle to a much needed touchdown to bring the score to 19-14 with", "title": "2014 Seattle Seahawks season" }, { "id": "7953500", "text": "the NFC West. They won the NFC championship in 2006, earning them their first trip to Super Bowl XL, where they lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers 21-10. In 2014, the Seahawks defeated the San Francisco 49ers at CenturyLink Field, to clinch their second NFC title and a berth in Super Bowl XLVIII, where they routed the Denver Broncos 43–8 to win their first Lombardi trophy. The following season, the Seahawks overcame a deficit in the NFC championship game with the Green Bay Packers in the final minutes of the fourth quarter to claim their first back-to-back George Halas trophies. In", "title": "Sports in Seattle" }, { "id": "12804207", "text": "of 43–8. In 2013, he also made his second Pro Bowl team. In 2014, the Seahawks finished the season with a 12–4 record and made it back to the Super Bowl. The Seahawks failed to repeat as Super Bowl champions after they lost 28–24 to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX. On March 10, 2015, Unger, along with the Seahawks' first round selection in the 2015 NFL Draft, were traded to the New Orleans Saints in exchange for tight end Jimmy Graham. On May 8, 2017, it was reported that Unger suffered a foot injury and was expected", "title": "Max Unger" }, { "id": "17736229", "text": "rivals, the Arizona Cardinals, who battled with them the whole season. They repeated as NFC West champions and finished in a three-way tie with the Packers and Cowboys for the NFC's best record, but earned the No. 1 seed based on tiebreakers, securing home-field advantage for the second consecutive season. This was the first time that a defending Super Bowl champion retained the No. 1 seed in the next season since the 1990 San Francisco 49ers. They were also the first team overall to repeat as the #1 seed in the NFC since the 2004 Philadelphia Eagles; and the first", "title": "2014 Seattle Seahawks season" }, { "id": "12421134", "text": "45-yard field goal to give the Seahawks a come-from-behind overtime victory against the Houston Texans at Reliant Stadium. The final score was 23–20, after trailing the Texans, 20–3, in the first half. Thanks to Hauschka's game-winning kick, the Seahawks went 4–0 for the first time in franchise history. The Seahawks finished 13–3 and reached Super Bowl XLVIII, where they defeated the Denver Broncos, 43–8. On March 17, 2014, the Seahawks re-signed Hauschka to a three-year contract worth $9.15 million, of which $3.35 million was guaranteed. He began the 2015 season by hitting his first 16 field-goal attempts, including four from", "title": "Steven Hauschka" }, { "id": "14822535", "text": "The interception preserved a 23–17 Seahawks victory. In an on-field interview immediately after the game with Fox sideline reporter Erin Andrews, Sherman famously directed a rant at Crabtree whom Sherman called a \"sorry receiver.\" Super Bowl XLVIII featured the top seeded team from each conference for just the second time in twenty years. The Broncos possessed the league's best offense (in terms of both scoring and yards) while the Seahawks had the league's top defense (also in both scoring and yardage). The game was played on February 2, 2014 at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, just outside New", "title": "2013 NFL season" }, { "id": "385680", "text": "reached the playoffs in 16 separate seasons, including in the 2005 season when they lost Super Bowl XL to the Pittsburgh Steelers, the 2013 season when they defeated the Denver Broncos to win Super Bowl XLVIII, and the 2014 season when they lost Super Bowl XLIX to the New England Patriots. In the 2010 season, the Seahawks became the first team in NFL history to earn a spot in the playoffs with a losing record (7–9, .438) in a full season; this was by virtue of winning the division. The Seahawks would go on to defeat the reigning Super Bowl", "title": "Seattle Seahawks" }, { "id": "9869689", "text": "seasons. In addition, six Seahawks were named to the 2014 Pro Bowl as a result of their performances: QB Russell Wilson, RB Marshawn Lynch, C Max Unger, CB Richard Sherman, SS Kam Chancellor and FS Earl Thomas. Their first playoff game was played on January 11 against the New Orleans Saints, in a rematch of both the Week 13 regular season game as well as the 2011 Wild Card game. Once again, the Seahawks prevailed on the back of a late rushing touchdown by Marshawn Lynch, and staved off a furious comeback attempt by the Saints to win 23-15. On", "title": "History of the Seattle Seahawks" }, { "id": "16479334", "text": "2013 NFL season, Lane won his first Super Bowl ring as a member of the Seahawks. In Super Bowl XLVIII, the Seahawks defeated the Denver Broncos by a score of 43–8. Lane suffered a groin injury in Week 1 of the 2014 season against the Green Bay Packers. Lane recorded his first career interception in Super Bowl XLIX, picking off quarterback Tom Brady on a pass at the goal-line in the first quarter. The play proved costly as on the interception return, Lane suffered a severe arm injury and a torn ACL after being tackled by Julian Edelman during the", "title": "Jeremy Lane" }, { "id": "16950169", "text": "day. On November 27, 2013, Shead was promoted to the active roster from the practice squad, and participated in Super Bowl XLVIII in February 2014, as the Seahawks defeated the Denver Broncos 43–8. After Seattle's loss in Super Bowl XLIX in February 2015, cornerback Byron Maxwell left for Philadelphia in free agency, leaving a starting position open opposite All-Pro CB Richard Sherman. The Seahawks signed Cary Williams in the offseason, but he was benched in Week 12 and later released. With Jeremy Lane and Tharold Simon still recovering from injuries, Shead was inserted as the second cornerback against Pittsburgh in", "title": "DeShawn Shead" }, { "id": "5525230", "text": "Man flag at Qwest Field before the Seahawks' wild card matchup against the New Orleans Saints. The 7–9 Seahawks went on to defeat the defending Super Bowl champion Saints 41–36. On February 2, 2014, Jones served as the Seahawks' Honorary Captain at Super Bowl XLVIII at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, prior to their 43-8 victory over the Broncos. This coincided with his election onto the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He also helped former Giant and fellow Hall of Famer Michael Strahan toss the coin to end the pregame ceremonies. Walter Jones (American football) Walter Jones Jr.", "title": "Walter Jones (American football)" }, { "id": "15792512", "text": "second stint with the Seattle Seahawks. Lockette won Super Bowl XLVIII with the Seahawks on February 2, 2014, where he had one catch for 19 yards in the 43–8 win over the Denver Broncos. In Super Bowl XLIX, Lockette had 3 catches for 59 yards, but the Seahawks lost 28–24 to the New England Patriots. He was the intended receiver on the Seahawks last offensive play as it was intercepted by Malcolm Butler. Seattle's offensive coordinator Darrell Bevell said afterwards in a post-game interview that Lockette \"could have done a better job staying strong on the ball.\" On March 9,", "title": "Ricardo Lockette" }, { "id": "13666551", "text": "a first round bye. On January 11, 2014, Chancellor started his first career playoff game and recorded 14 combined tackles (four solo) and two pass deflections during the Seahawks' 23–15 victory against the New Orleans Saints in the NFC Divisional round. The Seahawks defeated the San Francisco 49ers 23–17 in the NFC Championship and went on to Super Bowl XLVIII. On February 2, 2014, Chancellor made ten combined tackles (six solo), deflected two passes, and intercepted a pass by quarterback Peyton Manning as the Seahawks won Super Bowl XLVIII 43–8 against the Denver Broncos. Chancellor began the season being selected", "title": "Kam Chancellor" }, { "id": "15576103", "text": "23–17 in the NFC Championship Game. On February 2, 2014, Maxwell started in Super Bowl XLVIII and made four solo tackles and forced a fumble in the third quarter of the Seahawks' 43–8 victory against the Denver Broncos. Maxwell was a key member of the Seahawks' \"Legion of Boom\" secondary during the end of the season and their playoff run to their first Super Bowl victory in franchise history. Maxwell entered training camp slated as a starting cornerback after Brandon Browner departed for the New England Patriots during free agency. Head coach Pete Carroll officially named Maxwell and Richard Sherman", "title": "Byron Maxwell" }, { "id": "17762142", "text": "the league with eight interceptions. Seattle finished the season with the most interceptions in the NFL. Sherman and Thomas were named first-team AP All-Pro, while Chancellor was named to the second team. Sherman, Chancellor, and Thomas were also named to the 2014 Pro Bowl, but did not play due to the Seahawks playing in Super Bowl XLVIII. In their rout of the Denver Broncos, they held Peyton Manning and the record-setting Broncos offense to only eight points, intercepting Manning twice, forcing two fumbles, and playing a major part in securing the first Super Bowl championship in franchise history. On June", "title": "Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)" }, { "id": "14211043", "text": "roster transactions, including trading for Marshawn Lynch. On February 2, 2014, the Seahawks won Super Bowl XLVIII, their first championship in their existence. Of those on the championship roster, only Max Unger, Red Bryant, Jon Ryan and Brandon Mebane were Seahawks prior to Schneider's arrival in Seattle. Schneider and Seattle followed their Super Bowl win with another NFC Championship, but lost to New England in Super Bowl XLIX. In 2015, the Seahawks clinched a wild card berth, but fell in the NFC Divisional Round to the Panthers. Schneider signed a 5-year contract extension with the Seahawks in July 2016 that", "title": "John Schneider (American football executive)" }, { "id": "17736130", "text": "1960–64; Dan Reeves, who coached the Broncos from 1981–92 and led the team to three Super Bowl appearances in 1986, 1987 and 1989; wide receiver Rick Upchurch, who played with the Broncos from 1975–83. Coming off back-to-back home wins to start the season, the Broncos traveled to CenturyLink Field for an interconference duel against the Seattle Seahawks, hoping to avenge their 43–8 blowout loss to the Seahawks in Super Bowl XLVIII. On the Broncos' first possession, Seahawks' safety Kam Chancellor forced a fumble off running back Montee Ball deep in Broncos' territory. The ensuing Seahawks' drive culminated in placekicker Steven", "title": "2014 Denver Broncos season" }, { "id": "17736232", "text": "the Packers, the first meeting since the controversial 'Fail Mary' game in 2012. With the win, they became the first defending Super Bowl champion team since 2011 (also Packers) to win their regular season opening game for a 1-0 start. This is the first game in NFL history to end in a score of 36-16. In all five years that Pete Carroll was head coach of the Seahawks, so far, he has had at least one game end in a score never before achieved. This would be their largest margin of defeat since their 13-23 loss to the Cowboys in", "title": "2014 Seattle Seahawks season" }, { "id": "17736273", "text": "team since the league switched to a 12-team playoff format in 1990 (surpassing the 1992–95 Dallas Cowboys). They finished fourth in the NFL in scoring (468 points) and eighth in points allowed (313), and first in point differential (with an average margin of victory of 9.7 points). The Patriots defeated the Baltimore Ravens 35–31 in the Divisional Round of the playoffs, advancing to their fourth straight AFC Championship game. There, they defeated the Indianapolis Colts 45–7 to advance to their 8th Super Bowl and 6th under Bill Belichick. On February 1, 2015, the Patriots played the Seattle Seahawks in Super", "title": "2014 New England Patriots season" }, { "id": "16977751", "text": "to San Francisco where they took a loss to the 49ers. Russell Wilson was intercepted to end the game and continued the Seahawks' losing streak in Candlestick Park in which they haven't won since 2008. It was their last appearance at Candlestick, as the Niners move to Levi's Stadium for the 2014 season. With the loss, the Seahawks' record dropped into 11-2. In what many pundits dubbed a \"Super Bowl dress rehearsal\", the Seahawks faced the New York Giants at MetLife Stadium, where the Super Bowl would be held at the end of the season. The Legion of Boom intercepted", "title": "2013 Seattle Seahawks season" }, { "id": "10286810", "text": "three times: 2005, 2013 and 2014. The team played in the Kingdome until it was imploded in 2000 and moved into Qwest Field (now CenturyLink Field) at the same site in 2003. The Seahawks lost Super Bowl XL in 2005 to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Detroit, but won Super Bowl XLVIII in 2013 by defeating the Denver Broncos 43–8 at MetLife Stadium. The team advanced to the Super Bowl the following year, but lost to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX on a last-minute play. Seahawks fans have set stadium noise records on several occasions and are collectively", "title": "Seattle" }, { "id": "9869705", "text": "Buffalo Bills, and the first NFC team to go to consecutive Super Bowls as the #1 seed in the playoffs since the 1982–1983 Washington Redskins. On Sunday, February 1, 2015, in Super Bowl XLIX, the Seahawks faced off against Tom Brady and the New England Patriots, seeking to become the first team to win two consecutive Super Bowls since the Patriots themselves won Super Bowl XXXVIII and Super Bowl XXXIX following the 2003 and 2004 seasons, respectively. After a scoreless first quarter, both teams scored two touchdowns in the second quarter, and the game was tied 14-14 at halftime. In", "title": "History of the Seattle Seahawks" }, { "id": "385664", "text": "Gore. The Seahawks had not won in San Francisco since 2008 until defeating the 49ers in convincing 19–3 fashion on Thanksgiving Day in 2014. In the 2013 NFC Championship Game, the Seahawks defeated the 49ers 23 to 17, thanks to Malcolm Smith's interception, which was tipped by Richard Sherman. This clinched the Seahawks' berth into Super Bowl XLVIII. The Seahawks have developed a rivalry with the Carolina Panthers. The two teams have played each other in the NFL playoffs three times: during the 2005 NFC Championship Game, which Seattle won 34–14; the 2014 NFC Divisional playoffs, which the Seahawks won", "title": "Seattle Seahawks" }, { "id": "5863043", "text": "He was voted to the Pro Bowl for the third straight year, but had to decline the appearance due to his participation in Super Bowl XLVIII. He would end up rushing for 39 yards during that game, including a touchdown score, resulting in the team's first Super Bowl victory by defeating the Denver Broncos by a score of 43–8. He was ranked 14th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2014. On July 24, 2014, former Seahawks fullback and good friend Michael Robinson announced on NFL Network's Inside Training Camp, that Lynch would hold out of Training Camp while he", "title": "Marshawn Lynch" }, { "id": "17005333", "text": "2013–14 NFL playoffs The National Football League playoffs for the 2013 season began on January 4, 2014. The postseason tournament concluded with the Seattle Seahawks defeating the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII, 43–8, on February 2, at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. In a change from previous seasons, CBS was given both late games during the Divisional Playoffs (as opposed to CBS and Fox each having both an early game on one day and a late game on the other day). In the United States, NBC broadcast the first two Wild Card playoff games, then CBS broadcast", "title": "2013–14 NFL playoffs" }, { "id": "17762155", "text": "whistled dead by a penalty. Richard Sherman recorded an interception as well, and Earl Thomas forced a fumble. Seattle won, 31–17. In a rematch against Green Bay, the Pack scored 22 points and gained 308 yards. Sherman and Maxwell each recorded an interception. The Seahawks offense and special teams turned the ball over five times in the game, but the defense forced overtime, and the 28–22 victory sent the Seahawks to a second straight Super Bowl, where their season ended in a loss to the New England Patriots, 28-24. The 2014 Seahawks defense did not allow a single 300-yard passer", "title": "Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)" }, { "id": "16012829", "text": "yards including a 23-yard touchdown catch in the third quarter, breaking four tackles to get into the endzone. The Seahawks won 43–8, giving Kearse and the team their first Super Bowl win in franchise history. In the 2014 regular season, Kearse played 15 games with 537 receiving yards and a touchdown. In Week 5, against the Washington Redskins, he caught his lone touchdown of the season in the 27–17 victory. In Week 3, in a Super Bowl XLVIII rematch against the Denver Broncos, Kearse threw the first pass of his NFL career, a 17-yard pass to Russell Wilson, in the", "title": "Jermaine Kearse" }, { "id": "17738456", "text": "an onside kick to determine the outcome. Unfortunately for Oakland, their onside kick try was recovered by Seattle's Jermaine Kearse, and the Seahawks hung on to claim the victory, 30–24. With the loss, the Raiders dropped to 0–8 on the season. After battling the Super Bowl champions in Week 9, the winless Raiders went back home for Week 10 to take on their divisional rival and the defending AFC Champion Denver Broncos for the first time all year. Broncos QB Peyton Manning was immediately picked off by cornerback D.J. Hayden on his second pass of the game 30 seconds in.", "title": "2014 Oakland Raiders season" }, { "id": "12927370", "text": "17 to finish the season with a 13–3 record, the NFC West title, and the No. 1 seed in the playoffs. Wilson finished the season with 26 touchdown passes, 9 interceptions, and a 101.2 passer rating, becoming the first quarterback in the Super Bowl era to post a 100+ passer rating in each of his first 2 seasons. Wilson was named to his second Pro Bowl on December 27, 2013. On January 19, 2014, Wilson and the Seahawks defeated the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Championship Game 23–17, advancing to Super Bowl XLVIII. Wilson threw for 206 yards, 2", "title": "Russell Wilson" }, { "id": "17736394", "text": "For his career, Luck fell to 0–4 against the Patriots, including two playoff losses. They would lose 34-27 in 2015. In those four games, the Patriots have outscored the Colts 189–73. Luck has thrown 9 career interceptions in three games played at Gillette Stadium. The Patriots faced the defending-Super Bowl champion Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl 49. For the second year in a row the Seahawks boasted the #1 ranked defense (1st against the pass, 3rd against the run). This was the Patriots' first Super Bowl appearance since 2011, when they lost to the Giants. This was the stadium where", "title": "2014 New England Patriots season" }, { "id": "385665", "text": "31–17; and the 2015 NFC Divisional playoffs, which the Panthers won 31–24. The Seahawks lead the Panthers in the all-time series 9–4. From the 1980s to the 2002 league realignment, the Denver Broncos were a major rival for the Seahawks. With John Elway, the Broncos were one of the best teams in the NFL, going 200–124–1 overall, and were 32–18 against the Seahawks. Since 2002, Seattle has won two of four interconference meetings, and the teams met in Super Bowl XLVIII on February 2, 2014, where the Seahawks won 43–8. During the Seahawks' first ten seasons (1976–85), the team's headquarters", "title": "Seattle Seahawks" }, { "id": "9869696", "text": "over 700,000 Seahawks fans. For the first time in franchise history, the Seahawks started a season as the defending Super Bowl champions. As such, they earned the right to host the NFL Kickoff Game, where they defeated the Green Bay Packers 36-16. Then in Week 2, they traveled to San Diego, where the Chargers defeated them by a score of 30-21. This was Seattle's worst defeat since a 23-13 loss to the Dallas Cowboys in Week 9 of the 2011 season. Then in Week 3, they returned home to face the Denver Broncos in a rematch of Super Bowl XLVIII.", "title": "History of the Seattle Seahawks" }, { "id": "16336724", "text": "Moda Center, while serving as an Alternate Governor for the Trail Blazers and representing the franchise at NBA owners meetings. In 2016, McLoughlin’s seventh season with Seattle, the Seahawks reached the playoffs for the fifth-consecutive year while finishing the season with 122-consecutive sellouts. The Seahawks won their first NFL title in Super Bowl XLVIII, defeating the Denver Broncos, 43–8. In 2014, Seattle reached the Super Bowl for the second-consecutive season as the Seahawks faced the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX. In September 2018, left the position on amicable terms, being succeeded by Chuck Arnold. McLoughlin graduated from Deerfield", "title": "Peter McLoughlin" }, { "id": "9869713", "text": "was sidelined for several games with a back injury. In week 12, the Seahawks faced the Pittsburgh Steelers for the third time since losing to them in Super Bowl XL. The game ended up being an offensive shootout, and a late touchdown by Doug Baldwin sealed a 39-30 victory, getting them over .500 for the first time in 2015. It was their first win against the Steelers since SB XL (and indeed their first time not being shut out since then). However, the team suffered another devastating injury as Jimmy Graham suffered a broken patella early in the game, and", "title": "History of the Seattle Seahawks" }, { "id": "16012828", "text": "a safety in the 34–28 loss. In Week 10 against the Atlanta Falcons, he scored a 43-yard touchdown after a trick play when Marshawn Lynch threw the ball back to Russell Wilson in the 33–10 victory. In 2013, Kearse played 15 games with 346 receiving yards and 4 touchdowns. In the 2013 NFC Championship Game on January 19, 2014, against division rival San Francisco 49ers, Kearse caught a 35-yard touchdown pass from Wilson. The Seahawks eventually won the game 23–17 and advanced to Super Bowl XLVIII. During the Super Bowl against the Denver Broncos, Kearse had four catches for 65", "title": "Jermaine Kearse" }, { "id": "7993879", "text": "or sports venue, that deserves recognition for an outstanding performance over a 12-month period. On May 25, 2010, it was announced that Super Bowl XLVIII was awarded to the stadium, the first time a Super Bowl would be played in the New York metropolitan area, and the first time that a non-domed stadium in a cold-weather city would host it. The Seattle Seahawks defeated the Denver Broncos 43–8 for their first Super Bowl victory, when MetLife Stadium hosted Super Bowl XLVIII on February 2, 2014. Normally, Super Bowls must be held in indoor climate-controlled stadiums if they are held in", "title": "MetLife Stadium" }, { "id": "8683676", "text": "he caught six passes for 99 yards and the one touchdown, keeping the Seahawks in contention for a wild-card berth with a 7-5 record. With the trade and signing of wide receiver Percy Harvin and cornerback Antoine Winfield, Rice was again reunited with two of his Minnesota teammates. On October 28, 2013, in a game against the St. Louis Rams, Rice tore his ACL, rendering him out for the remainder of the season. Without Rice, the Seahawks would win Super Bowl XLVIII after defeating the Denver Broncos by a score of 43–8. On February 28, 2014, the Seahawks released Rice.", "title": "Sidney Rice" }, { "id": "16261011", "text": "his first career Super Bowl and made ten combined tackles as the Seahawks routed the Denver Broncos 43-8 and won Super Bowl XLVIII. Wagner, K. J. Wright, and Bruce Irvin returned as the starting linebacker corps in 2014. He started the Seattle Seahawks' season-opener against the Green Bay Packers and recorded a season-high 14 combined tackles during a 36-16 victory. Unfortunately, he missed five games (Weeks 7-11) after suffering turf toe. On December 14, 2014, Wagner recorded his fourth game with at least ten combined tackles and sacked Colin Kaepernick during a 17-7 victory over the San Francisco 49ers. Wagner", "title": "Bobby Wagner" }, { "id": "13519782", "text": "in the NFC Championship Game. On February 2, 2014, Thomas started in Super Bowl XLVIII and made seven combined tackles and a pass deflection during a 43–8 victory against the Denver Broncos. On April 28, 2014, the Seattle Seahawks signed Thomas to a four-year, $40 million contract extension with $27.72 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $9.50 million. On November 9, 2014, Thomas recorded six combined tackles, deflected a pass, and made his only interception of the season during a 38–17 victory against the New York Giants in Week 10. Thomas intercepted a pass by quarterback Eli Manning, that", "title": "Earl Thomas (defensive back)" }, { "id": "11650053", "text": "the Seahawks' Super Bowl XLVIII win. He set a Super Bowl record by scoring only twelve seconds into the game with a safety stemming from a botched opening snap by the Broncos, and he later forced an interception that led to a touchdown. Following the Seahawks' victory, Avril became the first player in NFL history to win a Super Bowl after having been on a winless team. In the 2014 season, after recording just 2 sacks over the first 10 games, Avril would register 3 in the last 6 games, coinciding with a 6-game winning streak during which the Seahawks", "title": "Cliff Avril" }, { "id": "12927349", "text": "as a second baseman. Wilson was selected by the Seahawks with the 12th pick in the third round (75th overall) of the 2012 NFL Draft. In 2012, he tied Peyton Manning's record for most passing touchdowns by a rookie (26) and was named the Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Year. In 2013, he led the Seahawks to their first ever Super Bowl victory in Super Bowl XLVIII over the Denver Broncos, and in 2014, led them to a second straight Super Bowl berth. Wilson has won more games (65) than any other NFL quarterback in his first six seasons, and", "title": "Russell Wilson" }, { "id": "6569717", "text": "the Super Bowl when the Seahawks defeated the Denver Broncos 43–8 in Super Bowl XLVIII. In the 2014 season, Ryan finished with 61 punts for 2,688 net yards for a 44.07 average. In the third quarter of the NFC Championship Game, in which the Seahawks were losing 16–0, Ryan threw a 19-yard touchdown pass to Garry Gilliam on a fake field goal. He is the first punter to throw a touchdown pass in an NFL playoff game and the first Canadian to do so since quarterback Mark Rypien in 1993. The Seahawks ultimately won the NFC Championship by a score", "title": "Jon Ryan" }, { "id": "13697792", "text": "against the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Championship Game. He intercepted a pass by quarterback Colin Kaepernick, that was intended for wide receiver Michael Crabtree. The pass was deflected by Richard Sherman and caught in the endzone for a touchback by Smith with the Seahawks up by six points with 30 seconds remaining. On February 2, 2014, Smith recorded ten combined tackles (six solo), deflected a pass, recovered a fumble, and returned an interception for a touchdown in the Seahawks' 43–8 victory against the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII. Smith intercepted a pass by quarterback Peyton Manning, that", "title": "Malcolm Smith (American football)" }, { "id": "12259464", "text": "a lasagna.\" The 3D artworks are finished off by hand with glitter and Swarovski crystals. NFL Super Bowl Charles Fazzino's art has been featured in every Super Bowl for the National Football League since the 2001 Super Bowl XXXV in Tampa Bay, Florida. Fazzino was profiled by CBS News Sunday Morning with Charles Osgood on Charles Osgood Sunday in New Orleans, Louisiana on February 3, 2013. He also created a painting for Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014, where the Seattle Seahawks defeated the Denver Broncos at MetLife Stadium, as well as The New England Patriots 2015 win in Super Bowl", "title": "Charles Fazzino" }, { "id": "17736274", "text": "Bowl XLIX. After tying the game 14–14 at halftime and falling behind ten points in the third quarter, the Patriots rallied in the final quarter of the game to secure a 28–24 lead. The win secured their fourth championship in franchise history. The game is widely considered by many to be one of the greatest Super Bowls ever played. Draft trades Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. The Patriots traveled to Miami to face their division rival Miami Dolphins in the 2014 season opener. The Patriots featured several key additions: Brandon LaFell, Darrelle Revis, and Brandon Browner (even though", "title": "2014 New England Patriots season" }, { "id": "15876402", "text": "Orleans Saints in the NFC Divisional round. The next week, the Seahawks defeated the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Championship. On February 2, 2014, Irvin played in Super Bowl XLVIII and made two solo tackles as the Seahawks routed the Denver Broncos 43-8. Irvin returned as the strongside linebacker in 2014 with Bobby Wagner at middle linebacker and K. J. Wright at weakside linebacker. Irvin missed the Seahawks' Week 3 victory over the Denver Broncos because of a rib injury. On October 26, 2014, Irvin recorded three combined tackles and made two consecutive sacks in the fourth quarter to", "title": "Bruce Irvin (American football)" }, { "id": "313934", "text": "Times\" about Allen's decision to buy the team, \"I'm not sure anybody else in this community would have done what [Allen] did.\" The Seahawks are valued at $1.33 billion in August 2014 by \"Forbes\", which says the team has \"one of the most rabid fan bases in the NFL\". Under the helm of Allen, the Seahawks went to the Super Bowl three times winning Super Bowl XLVIII and three NFC Championships (2005, 2013, 2014). Allen's Vulcan Sports & Entertainment is part of the ownership team of the Seattle Sounders FC, a Major League Soccer (MLS) franchise that began play in", "title": "Paul Allen" }, { "id": "15570605", "text": "the N-word now.\" On February 2, 2014, Sherman started in Super Bowl XLVIII and made three combined tackles and a pass deflection as the Seahawks defeated the Denver Broncos 43–8. He held wide receiver Eric Decker to one reception for a total of six-yards during the game. On May 7, 2014, the Seattle Seahawks signed Sherman to a four-year, $56 million contract extension with $40 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $11 million. The agreement made him the highest paid cornerback in league history. On June 6, 2014, Sherman was announced as the cover athlete for \"Madden 15\". Defensive", "title": "Richard Sherman (American football)" }, { "id": "13519781", "text": "Pro Bowl, but was later replaced by Antrel Rolle due to his participation in Super Bowl XLVIII. Thomas started in all 16 games and recorded a career-high 105 combined tackles. (78 solo), nine pass deflections, five interceptions, and two forced fumbles. The Seattle Seahawks finished first in the NFC West with a 13–3 record and earned a first round bye. On January 11, 2014, Thomas recorded 11 combined tackles (seven solo) and broke up two passes as the Seahawks defeated the New Orleans Saints 23–15 in the NFC Divisional Round. The following week, they defeated the San Francisco 49ers 23–17", "title": "Earl Thomas (defensive back)" }, { "id": "15570183", "text": "the San Francisco 49ers in the NFC Championship with Wright making his return from injury. He recorded two combined tackles as the Seahawks won 23–17. On February 2, 2014, Wright started in Super Bowl XLVIII with the Seattle Seahawks and made seven combined tackles as they routed the Denver Broncos 43–8. On December 18, 2014, the Seattle Seahawks signed Wright to a four-year, $27 million extension that includes $10.18 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $5 million. He became the second highest paid outside linebacker behind only Lance Briggs, and the contract has the largest total value of any", "title": "K. J. Wright" }, { "id": "15576102", "text": "pass deflections, and four interceptions in 16 games and five starts. He received an overall grade of 85.5 from Pro Football Focus, which was the highest grade of his career and ranked 11th among all qualifying cornerbacks in 2013. The Seattle Seahawks finished first in the NFC West with a 13–3 record and earned a first round bye. On January 11, 2014, Maxwell made his first postseason start and recorded five combined tackles during a 23–15 win against the New Orleans Saints in the NFC Divisional Round. The Seahawks advanced to the Super Bowl after defeating the San Francisco 49ers", "title": "Byron Maxwell" }, { "id": "17261706", "text": "Seahawks' 43–8 victory over the Denver Broncos. Willson's second season in 2014 saw an increased role when starting tight end Zach Miller was injured after a Week 4 Super Bowl rematch against Denver, eventually ending up on injured reserve. Willson caught a game-winning 23 yard touchdown pass with less than a minute left in week 8 against the Carolina Panthers. He later starred in a week 16 game against the Arizona Cardinals, catching three passes for 139 yards and two touchdowns. Willson ended the season with 22 catches for 362 yards and three touchdowns. In that season's playoffs, Willson caught", "title": "Luke Willson" }, { "id": "17762143", "text": "6, 2014, Richard Sherman won the \"Madden NFL 15\" cover vote against Carolina Panthers quarterback Cam Newton. During the 2014 season, the Legion of Boom helped their team reach their second straight Super Bowl, which ended in a loss to the New England Patriots, 28–24. Thomas, Chancellor, and Sherman were selected to the 2015 Pro Bowl, marking the second year in a row in which all three were named to the Pro Bowl together. Thomas and Sherman were again named first-tt 9 points and 339 yards, coming up with a last-second goal line stand to seal the victory 14–9. Sherman", "title": "Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)" }, { "id": "17738430", "text": "Greatest Show on Turf\" at halftime. But the 49ers ruined their party as they would go on to stun the Rams at home 31-17. Hoping to rebound from the heartbreaking Monday Night loss at home, the Rams face the defending Super Bowl champion Seahawks. Highlighted by a series of fake punts and long returns, the Rams managed to squeeze past the Super Bowl champions, 28-26. The Rams travel to Kansas City to face their in-state rival and the first of four AFC West opponents of the season, the Chiefs. Things would get ugly for the Rams as more injuries continue", "title": "2014 St. Louis Rams season" }, { "id": "18366229", "text": "2014–15 NFL playoffs The National Football League playoffs for the 2014 season began on January 3, 2015. The postseason tournament concluded with the New England Patriots defeating the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX, 28–24, on February 1, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. Under the new U.S. television broadcast contracts that took effect starting this season, TV network coverage was slightly altered. The AFC playoffs were split between CBS and NBC. Each network televised one AFC game in the first two rounds of the playoffs, while CBS held exclusive rights to the AFC Championship Game. The NFC", "title": "2014–15 NFL playoffs" }, { "id": "16261013", "text": "points per game without Wagner and 6.5 points per game in the six games after he returned from an injury. On February 1, 2015, the Seattle Seahawks played in Super Bowl XLIX after defeating the Carolina Panthers and then the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship. Wagner recorded 12 combined tackles, deflected a pass, and intercepted a pass attempt by Tom Brady in the Seahawks 28–24 last-second loss to the New England Patriots. He is the current all-time career leader for tackles in Super Bowls with 22. Wagner made the NFL Top 100 Players for the first time in", "title": "Bobby Wagner" }, { "id": "9873357", "text": "an undrafted free-agent. McDaniel played in 11 games as reserve defensive tackle for the Jaguars during the 2006 season. McDaniel finished the year with 21 tackles and one sack. He was inactive for the final five games of the season while battling a hip injury. On March 19, 2009, McDaniel was traded to the Miami Dolphins for a seventh-round pick in the 2009 NFL Draft. On March 28, 2013, McDaniel signed a one-year contract with the Seattle Seahawks. McDaniel and the Seahawks won Super Bowl XLVIII 43-8 over the Denver Broncos in February 2014, and would lose Super Bowl XLIX", "title": "Tony McDaniel" }, { "id": "7141010", "text": "Super Bowl XLVIII Super Bowl XLVIII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2013 season. The Seahawks defeated the Broncos 43–8, the largest margin of victory for an underdog and tied for the third largest point differential overall (35) in Super Bowl history with Super Bowl XXVII (1993). It was the first time the winning team scored over 40 points, while holding their opponent to under 10. This became the first Super Bowl victory for", "title": "Super Bowl XLVIII" }, { "id": "10145813", "text": "next 4 games. In the first 4 games he had 8 tackles and 1 sack. Mebane has been a constant in the middle and helped the 2013-2014 Seahawks defense reach dominant heights, as they had one of the best seasons in NFL history. The Seahawks eventually won Super Bowl XLVIII against the Denver Broncos, 43–8. Mebane, along with defensive linemen Red Bryant, center Max Unger and punter Jon Ryan, were the only 4 holdovers on this Super Bowl team from pre-Carroll/Schneider era. Fellow Seahawks teammate Richard Sherman was quoted as saying of Mebane: \"He's an incredibly technical player in his", "title": "Brandon Mebane" }, { "id": "9862424", "text": "to attempt (and complete) a 2-point conversion in the Super Bowl. The 8-point play was scored when the game was already out of reach. The Broncos' team that scored an NFL-record 606 points in the regular season, along with another 50 in the playoffs, was held to just 8 points in the game by the No. 1-ranked Seahawks' defense. In 2014, the Broncos attempted to return to the Super Bowl and win. They beat Manning's previous team, the Indianapolis Colts, and then defeated the Kansas City Chiefs. Their week 3 game was billed as a Super Bowl rematch against the", "title": "History of the Denver Broncos" }, { "id": "4158988", "text": "was completed by wideout DeSean Jackson returning a punt 65 yards as time expired to give them the improbable 38-31 victory. This game had serious playoff implications and the Eagles ended up advancing where they lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion Green Bay Packers in the wild card round. In the 2014 NFC Championship Game, the Green Bay Packers choked in the 4th quarter against the defending champions, the Seattle Seahawks and their league-best shutdown defense. The Packers led 19-7 with a little under four minutes remaining. Seahawks quarterback Russell Wilson scored a rushing touchdown to cut the lead", "title": "Choke (sports)" }, { "id": "9869659", "text": "the first time in the team's history. They were the NFC representative in Super Bowl XL, a game they lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Seahawks compiled a 13-3 record in the regular season, easily winning the NFC West and clinching home field advantage in the NFC playoffs. There, they beat the Washington Redskins and Carolina Panthers to win the George Halas Trophy and advance to the Super Bowl, the first in franchise history. Seattle fell short in its bid for its first NFL title, losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers at Super Bowl XL in Detroit, Michigan on February 5,", "title": "History of the Seattle Seahawks" }, { "id": "4990156", "text": "2011, he was suspended for only 2 games under the rules of the new Collective Bargaining Agreement. On June 12, 2014, Williams signed a one-year contract with the Seattle Seahawks in excess of $2 million. He would play all 16 games for the Seahawks that season, recording 30 tackles, 3 sacks, 2 pass deflections, and 6 tackles for loss on the #1 defense in points allowed in the league. Williams played in his first career Super Bowl in Super Bowl XLIX. In the Super Bowl, Williams recorded 3 tackles, but the Seahawks lost 28–24 to the New England Patriots. The", "title": "Kevin Williams (defensive tackle)" }, { "id": "13748886", "text": "the first week of the 2014 NFL season against the Minnesota Vikings, Davis entered the game at the start of the second half in relief of starter Shaun Hill. A week later, due to Hill's injury, Davis made his NFL starting debut on September 14, in a winning effort against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Following the Rams' 28–26 upset win over the defending Super Bowl champion Seattle Seahawks in Week 7, former All-Pro quarterback and legend Brett Favre tabbed Davis as a potential Tom Brady or Kurt Warner of the future, both of whom won Super Bowls despite a bleak", "title": "Austin Davis" }, { "id": "17736235", "text": "fell to 3-2 on the season. This was the first Seahawks road game to be televised by CBS since 2001, their last year in the AFC West. Thanksgiving Day game With the win, not only did the Seahawks knock the 49ers out of the playoffs, but they also swept the 49ers for the first time since 2007. With this win, the Seahawks completed a comeback against the Cardinals they started in week 12 from 3 games back in the division with 6 to play. With this win, Seattle clinched the NFC West, a first round bye, and home field advantage", "title": "2014 Seattle Seahawks season" }, { "id": "4282812", "text": "playoff game, and one touchdown pass. He was ranked #11 by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2014. The Packers' 2014 regular season debut came against the defending Super Bowl champion Seattle Seahawks—a game in which they would go on to lose 36–16. In Week 2, the team began the game with a 21–3 deficit against the New York Jets, but came back and won 31–24. The 18-point comeback marked the biggest comeback in Rodgers's career. In the third week of the season, the Packers offense was shut down by the Detroit Lions' defense, 19–7. The", "title": "Aaron Rodgers" }, { "id": "13666552", "text": "as a team captain by his teammates, along with Russell Wilson, Jon Ryan, and Steven Hauschka. He started the Seattle Seahawks' season-opener against the Green Bay Packers and recorded a season-high 11 combined tackles (eight solo) during a 36-16 victory. On September 21, 2014, in a Super Bowl XLVIII rematch with the Denver Broncos, Chancellor recorded 9 tackles, an interception, a forced fumble, and 2 passes defended in a 26-20 victory, winning the NFC Defensive Player of the Week Award. At the end of the regular season he was selected for the third Pro Bowl of his career and voted", "title": "Kam Chancellor" }, { "id": "6477339", "text": "of the playoffs each time. The series was George Karl's only Finals appearance in his coaching career to date. In 2008, the Sonics franchise moved to Oklahoma City and became the Thunder. They would make the finals four years later after the move. This was also the last time a Seattle-based team played for a major professional sports championship until Super Bowl XL in 2006, when the Seattle Seahawks lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers. The Seahawks would go on to handily defeat Denver in Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014 and lose to the New England Patriots the following year in", "title": "1996 NBA Finals" }, { "id": "7000828", "text": "for any team since the league switched to a 12-team playoff format in 1990 (surpassing the 1992–95 Dallas Cowboys). The Patriots defeated the Baltimore Ravens 35–31 in the Divisional Round of the playoffs, advancing to their fourth consecutive AFC Championship game. There, they defeated the Indianapolis Colts 45–7 to advance to their eight Super Bowl appearance, making them only the third team to reach the Super Bowl eight times, with the other teams being the Pittsburgh Steelers and Dallas Cowboys. On February 1, 2015, the Patriots played the defending Super Bowl champions Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLIX. After a", "title": "History of the New England Patriots" }, { "id": "12304618", "text": "left. Writing for Grantland, Bill Simmons said the Seahawks \"took too much heat for the final play call\" and noted Carroll opted to run the ball on fourth down at the end of the 2006 Rose Bowl, costing his team the game. Butler's interception, thanks to his quick \"read-and-react to Ricardo Lockette's underneath route\", has been considered one of the top clutch plays in Super Bowl history. In the game, Lynch had gained at least one yard on 22 of 24 carries. While the Patriots in 2014 were ranked fifth-worst (28th overall) in the league in holding opposing backs for", "title": "Super Bowl XLIX" }, { "id": "17251450", "text": "recorded a season-high three combined tackles during a 37-22 win at the Buffalo Bills. On December 14, 2014, Harmon returned an interception by Ryan Tannehill for 60-yards as the Patriots defeated the Miami Dolphins 41-13. In the divisional round of the 2014 playoffs, Harmon intercepted Joe Flacco's pass with less than two minutes remaining in the game allowing the Patriots to hold onto a 35–31 win over the Baltimore Ravens. \"That’s the biggest pick of my life,” Harmon said after the game. Harmon and the Patriots would go on to win Super Bowl XLIX over the Seattle Seahawks. In the", "title": "Duron Harmon" }, { "id": "17736395", "text": "the 18-0 Patriots lost to the Giants in Super Bowl XLII. After both teams punted on their initial drive, the Patriots marched 58 yards in 13 plays, in just under 8 minutes, reaching the Seahawks 10-yard line, but on third and goal, facing a blitz, Brady was intercepted by Jeremy Lane in the end zone, who returned it to the Seahawks 15. Lane suffered a broken wrist on the play and didn't return to the game. The Seahawks were able to get their first first down on their next drive, but nothing more and punted. Taking over at their own", "title": "2014 New England Patriots season" }, { "id": "11877621", "text": "13, 2013, he was released by the Bears. On March 22, 2013 Davis signed with the Cleveland Browns. He was released on September 1, 2013. On September 11, 2013 Davis signed with the Seattle Seahawks. In the 2013 season, he collected his first Super Bowl ring, as the Seahawks defeated the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XLVIII. Davis signed with the New York Giants on April 4, 2014. He was released during final roster cuts. Davis signed with the Detroit Lions on October 20, 2014. He was waived on November 25, 2014 and re-signed on December 10, 2014 Davis was", "title": "Kellen Davis" }, { "id": "17736424", "text": "the first six games of the 1958 season. With the victory, the Cowboys improved to 5-1 on the season, their best record since the 2007 campaign. Dallas became the first team outside the NFC West to win in Seattle since 2011. Five days after Seattle's loss at home to the Cowboys, the Seahawks traded WR Percy Harvin to the New York Jets for an undisclosed draft selection. It was reported that the surprisingly sudden move by Seattle was due in large part to Harvin refusing to return to the game in the fourth quarter. While Percy Harvin had a 46-yard", "title": "2014 Dallas Cowboys season" }, { "id": "106562", "text": "were members of the AFC West from 1977 to 2001, prior to the Seahawks' move to the NFC West as part of the NFL's re-alignment. During the 25 years in which the Seahawks resided in the AFC West, the Broncos went 32–18 against the Seahawks, including a loss at Seattle in the 1983 NFL playoffs. Since 2002, the Broncos have won three of five interconference meetings, and the two teams met in Super Bowl XLVIII on February 2, 2014, with the Seahawks winning by a score of 43–8. Aside from the aforementioned AFC West teams, the Broncos have had intra-conference", "title": "Denver Broncos" }, { "id": "16752452", "text": "he made his first career catch in the postseason after catching a pass from Colin Kaepernick and taking it for six yards during a victory over the Green Bay Packers. The San Francisco 49ers made it to the NFC Championship game that season, but lost to the eventual Super Bowl XLVIII champions, the Seattle Seahawks, by a score of 23–17. He started the 2014 season, missing the first 11 games with back and hamstring injuries. On November 27, he started his first game of the season during a loss to the Seattle Seahawks. The next game, he made his first", "title": "Garrett Celek" }, { "id": "9153409", "text": "NFL's schedule release.) The Super Bowl XLVIII champion Seattle Seahawks averted this conflict for the season opener, as their MLB counterparts, the Seattle Mariners, played on the road; their respective venues also share the same parking lot. The Seattle Sounders FC also played on the road during the opening week of the 2014 NFL season, assuring no scheduling conflicts. The Buffalo Bills also hosted one game a year at the Rogers Centre, which is the home of the Toronto Blue Jays, but this was only an issue in the preseason, since all such regular season games were scheduled after the", "title": "NFL regular season" } ]

[ "surface of the knee joint" ]

[ { "id": "2080042", "text": "Patella The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. The patella is found in many tetrapods, such as mice, cats and birds, but not in whales, or most reptiles. In humans, the patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body. Babies are born with a patella of soft cartilage which begins to ossify into bone at about three years of age. The patella is a sesamoid bone roughly triangular in shape, with the apex of the", "title": "Patella" }, { "id": "2080051", "text": "shallow dish. Patella The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. The patella is found in many tetrapods, such as mice, cats and birds, but not in whales, or most reptiles. In humans, the patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body. Babies are born with a patella of soft cartilage which begins to ossify into bone at about three years of age. The patella is a sesamoid bone roughly triangular in shape, with the apex", "title": "Patella" }, { "id": "2080044", "text": "and serves for the attachment of the tendon of the quadriceps and often has exostoses. The middle third has numerous vascular canaliculi. The lower third culminates in the apex which serves as the origin of the patellar ligament. The posterior surface is divided into two parts. The upper three-quarters of the patella articulates with the femur and is subdivided into a medial and a lateral facet by a vertical ledge which varies in shape. In the adult the articular surface is about and covered by cartilage, which can reach a maximal thickness of in the centre at about 30 years", "title": "Patella" }, { "id": "2080043", "text": "patella facing downwards. The apex is the most inferior (lowest) part of the patella. It is pointed in shape, and gives attachment to the patellar ligament. The front and back surfaces are joined by a thin margin and towards centre by a thicker margin. The tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle attaches to the base of the patella., with the vastus intermedius muscle attaching to the base itself, and the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis are attached to outer lateral and medial borders of patella respectively. The upper third of the front of the patella is coarse, flattened, and rough,", "title": "Patella" }, { "id": "2080046", "text": "has been rejected. Partite patellas occur almost exclusively in men. Tripartite and even multipartite patellas occur. The upper three-quarters of the patella articulates with the femur and is subdivided into a medial and a lateral facet by a vertical ledge which varies in shape. Four main types of articular surface can be distinguished: In the patella an ossification centre develops at the age of 3–6 years. The patella originates from two centres of ossification which unite when fully formed. The primary functional role of the patella is knee extension. The patella increases the leverage that the quadriceps tendon can exert", "title": "Patella" }, { "id": "2080047", "text": "on the femur by increasing the angle at which it acts. The patella is attached to the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, which contracts to extend/straighten the knee. The patella is stabilized by the insertion of the horizontal fibres of vastus medialis and by the prominence of the lateral femoral condyle, which discourages lateral dislocation during flexion. The retinacular fibres of the patella also stabilize it during exercise. Patellar dislocations occur with significant regularity, particular in young female athletes. It involves the patella sliding out of its position on the knee, most often laterally, and may be associated with", "title": "Patella" }, { "id": "12676432", "text": "is defined as trochlear dysplasia. Not having a groove because the trochlear bone has flattened out can cause the patella to slide because nothing is holding the patella in place. Patellar dislocations occur by: The patella is a triangular sesamoid bone which is embedded in tendon. It rests in the patellofemoral groove, an articular cartilage-lined hollow at the end of the thigh bone (femur) where the thigh bone meets the shin bone (tibia). Several ligaments and tendons hold the patella in place and allow it to move up and down the patellofemoral groove when the leg bends. The top of", "title": "Patellar dislocation" }, { "id": "2080045", "text": "of age. Due to the great stress on the patellofemoral joint during resisted knee flexion, the articular cartilage of the patella is among the thickest in the human body. The lower part of the posterior surface has vascular canaliculi filled and is filled by fatty tissue, the infrapatellar fat pad. Emarginations (i.e. \"patella emarginata\", a \"missing piece\") are common laterally on the proximal edge. Bipartite patellas are the result of an ossification of a second cartilaginous layer at the location of an emargination. Previously, bipartite patellas were explained as the failure of several ossification centres to fuse, but this idea", "title": "Patella" }, { "id": "2080050", "text": "present in the living monotremes, the platypus and the echidna. In more primitive tetrapods, including living amphibians and most reptiles (except some Lepidosaurs), the muscle tendons from the upper leg are attached directly to the tibia, and a patella is not present. In 2017 it was discovered that frogs have kneecaps, contrary to what was thought. This raises the possibility that the kneecap arose 400 million years ago when tetrapods first appeared, but that it disappeared in some animals. The word \"patella\" originated in the late 17th century from the diminutive form of Latin ' or ' or \"paten\", meaning", "title": "Patella" }, { "id": "7295170", "text": "eyes). The heart lies within a pericardium and is composed of a single (morphologically left) auricle, a single ventricle, and bulbous aorta which sends blood to both the anterior and posterior aortae. It lies near the surface of shell on the left, and opposite it on the right are three tubules or \"papillae\" in a row: that of the left kidney, the anus, and that of the right kidney: all three exit near the same place on the right posterior side inside the mantle cavity. Between these papillae and the heart lies the neural \"visceral twist\", a nervous condition called", "title": "Patellogastropoda" }, { "id": "9587815", "text": "Patellar network The patellar network (circulatory anastomosis around the knee-joint, patellar anastomosis, genicular anastomosis, articular vascular network of knee or rete articulare genus) is an intricate network of vessels around and above the patella, and on the contiguous ends of the femur and tibia, forming a superficial and a deep plexus. The arteries which form this plexus are the inferior medial and superior medial genicular arteries, the inferior lateral and superior lateral genicular arteries, the descending genicular artery, the descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery, and the anterior tibial recurrent artery. The genicular anastomosis provides collateral circulation to supply", "title": "Patellar network" }, { "id": "508812", "text": "and adjacent fibula, and these are all long bones. The patella (kneecap) is the sesamoid bone in front of the knee. Most of the leg skeleton has bony prominences and margins that can be palpated and some serve as anatomical landmarks that define the extent of the leg. These landmarks are the anterior superior iliac spine, the greater trochanter, the superior margin of the medial condyle of tibia, and the medial malleolus. Notable exceptions to palpation are the hip joint, and the neck and body, or shaft of the femur. Usually, the large joints of the lower limb are aligned", "title": "Human leg" }, { "id": "8233081", "text": "Patellar ligament The patellar ligament is the distal portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris, which is continued from the patella to the tibial tuberosity. It is also sometimes called the \"patellar tendon\" as it is a continuation of the quadriceps tendon. The patellar ligament is a strong, flat, ligament, which originates on the apex of the patella distally and adjoining margins of the patella and the rough depression on its posterior surface; below, it inserts on the tuberosity of the tibia; its superficial fibers are continuous over the front of the patella with those of the tendon", "title": "Patellar ligament" }, { "id": "8233082", "text": "of the quadriceps femoris. It is about 4.5 cm long in adults (range from 3 to 6 cm). The medial and lateral portions of the quadriceps tendon pass down on either side of the patella to be inserted into the upper extremity of the tibia on either side of the tuberosity; these portions merge into the capsule, as stated above, forming the medial and lateral patellar retinacula. The posterior surface of the patellar ligament is separated from the synovial membrane of the joint by a large infrapatellar pad of fat, and from the tibia by a bursa. The patellar ligament", "title": "Patellar ligament" }, { "id": "648889", "text": "collection of nerve fibres connecting the brain to the rest of the body. Nerves connect the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the body. All major bones, muscles, and nerves in the body are named, with the exception of anatomical variations such as sesamoid bones and accessory muscles. Blood vessels carry blood throughout the body, which moves because of the beating of the heart. Venules and veins collect blood low in oxygen from tissues throughout the body. These collect in progressively larger veins until they reach the body's two largest veins, the superior and inferior vena cava, which", "title": "Human body" }, { "id": "7379890", "text": "stifle joint in different species. These sesamoids assist with the smooth movement of tendon/muscle over the joint. The most well-known sesamoid bone is the patella, more commonly known as the 'knee cap'. It is located cranially to the joint and sits in the trochlear groove of the femur. It guides the patellar ligament of the quadriceps over the knee joint to its point of insertion on the tibia. Caudal to the joint, in the dog for example, are the two fabellae, which lie in the two tendons of origin of gastrocnemius. Fourth, there is often a small sesamoid bone in", "title": "Stifle joint" }, { "id": "1438874", "text": "deposition, but can also refer to both the growth and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Due to the great stress on the patellofemoral joint during resisted knee extension, the articular cartilage of the patella is among the thickest in the human body. The mechanical properties of articular cartilage in load bearing joints such as knee and hip have been studied extensively at macro, micro and nano-scales. These mechanical properties include the response of cartilage in frictional, compressive, shear and tensile loading. Cartilage is resilient and displays viscoelastic properties. Lubricin, a glycoprotein abundant in cartilage and synovial fluid, plays a major", "title": "Cartilage" }, { "id": "5191888", "text": "it may confirm diagnosis or rule out other causes for pain. Commonly used tests are blood tests, MRI scans, and arthroscopy. While the term \"chondromalacia\" sometimes refers to abnormal-appearing cartilage anywhere in the body, it most commonly denotes irritation of the underside of the kneecap (or \"patella\"). The patella's posterior surface is covered with a layer of smooth cartilage, which the base of the femur normally glides smoothly against when the knee is bent. However, in some individuals the kneecap tends to rub against one side of the knee joint, irritating the cartilage and causing knee pain. In the absence", "title": "Chondromalacia patellae" }, { "id": "508829", "text": "the femur. All four muscles unite in a common tendon inserted into the patella from where the patellar ligament extends it down to the tibial tuberosity. Fibers from the medial and lateral vasti form two retinacula that stretch past the patella on either sides down to the condyles of the tibia. The quadriceps is \"the\" knee extensor, but the rectus femoris additionally flexes the hip joint, and articular muscle of the knee protects the articular capsule of the knee joint from being nipped during extension. The sartorius runs superficially and obliquely down on the anterior side of the thigh, from", "title": "Human leg" }, { "id": "16063616", "text": "Venae cavae The venae cavae (; from the Latin for \"hollow veins\", singular \"vena cava\" ) are two large veins (venous trunks) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. In humans there are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, and both empty into the right atrium. They are located slightly off-center, toward the right side of the body. The inferior vena cava (or caudal vena cava in some animals) travels up alongside the abdominal aorta with blood from the lower part of the body. It is the largest vein in the human body. The", "title": "Venae cavae" }, { "id": "1675517", "text": "thumb. Calcification of sesamoid bone is one of the important features of pubertal growth spurt, which is earlier in females than in males. Absence of sesamoid bone indicates delay in reaching puberty. Sesamoid bones can be found on joints throughout the body, including: In equine anatomy, the term sesamoid bone usually refers to the two sesamoid bones found at the back of the fetlock or metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints in both hindlimbs and forelimbs. Strictly these should be termed the proximal sesamoid bones whereas the navicular bone should be referred to as the distal sesamoid bone. The patella is also a form", "title": "Sesamoid bone" }, { "id": "17673338", "text": "thigh (the part of the limb between the hip and the knee) and the leg (which refers only to the area of the limb between the knee and the ankle). The thigh is the femur and the femoral region. The kneecap is the patella and patellar while the back of the knee is the popliteus and popliteal area. The leg (between the knee and the ankle) is the crus and crural area, the lateral aspect of the leg is the peroneal area, and the calf is the sura and sural region. The ankle is the tarsus and tarsal, and the", "title": "Anatomical terminology" }, { "id": "8233084", "text": "of surgery. This patellar ligament method of reconstruction was traditionally the gold standard graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and is still one of the more preferred methods. Its insertion on the tibia is the location of Osgood–Schlatter disease. Patellar ligament The patellar ligament is the distal portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris, which is continued from the patella to the tibial tuberosity. It is also sometimes called the \"patellar tendon\" as it is a continuation of the quadriceps tendon. The patellar ligament is a strong, flat, ligament, which originates on the apex of the patella distally", "title": "Patellar ligament" }, { "id": "2080048", "text": "extremely intense pain and swelling. The patella can be tracked back into the groove with an extension of the knee, and therefore sometimes returns into the proper position on its own. A \"patella alta\" is a high-riding (superiorly aligned) patella. An attenuated patella alta is an unusually small patella that develops out of and above the joint. A \"patella baja\" is a low-riding patella. A long-standing patella baja may result in extensor dysfunction. The kneecap is prone to injury because of its particularly exposed location, and fractures of the patella commonly occur as a consequence of direct trauma onto the", "title": "Patella" }, { "id": "1911189", "text": "mammals, the thorax is the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae, and the ribs. It extends from the neck to the diaphragm, and does not include the upper limbs. The heart and the lungs reside in the thoracic cavity, as well as many blood vessels. The inner organs are protected by the rib cage and the sternum. Thoracic vertebrae are also distinguished in birds, but not in reptiles. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions (or tagmata) of the creature's body, each of which is in", "title": "Thorax" }, { "id": "8162777", "text": "rupture occurs, the patella loses support from the tibia and moves toward the hip when the quadriceps muscle contracts, hindering the leg's ability to extend. This means that those affected cannot stand, as their knee buckles and gives way when they attempt to do so. The upper part of the patellar tendon attaches on the lower part of the knee cap, and the lower part of the patella tendon attaches to the tibial tubercle on the front of the tibia. Above the knee cap the quadriceps muscle via the quadriceps tendon attaches to the top of the knee cap. This", "title": "Patellar tendon rupture" }, { "id": "1570418", "text": "Knee In humans and other primates, the knee joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two joints: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint). It is the largest joint in the human body. The knee is a modified hinge joint, which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation. The knee is vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis. It is often termed a \"compound joint\" having tibiofemoral and patellofemoral components. (The fibular collateral ligament is often considered with tibiofemoral components.) The", "title": "Knee" }, { "id": "7379891", "text": "the tendon of origin of popliteus in many species. Humans possess only the patella. In the horse and ox, the distal part of the tendon of insertion of quadriceps ('below' the patella) is divided into three parts. An elaborate twisting movement of the patella allows the stifle to 'lock' in extension when the medial portion of the tendon is 'hooked' over the bulbous medial trochlear ridge of the distal femur. This locking mechanism enables these animals to sleep while standing up. Stifle joint The stifle joint (often simply stifle) is a complex joint in the hind limbs of quadruped mammals", "title": "Stifle joint" }, { "id": "12676433", "text": "the patella attaches to the quadriceps muscle via the quadriceps tendon, the middle to the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis muscles, and the bottom to the head of the tibia (tibial tuberosity) via the patellar tendon, which is a continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon. The medial patellofemoral ligament attaches horizontally in the inner knee to the adductor magnus tendon and is the structure most often damaged during a patellar dislocation. Finally, the lateral collateral ligament and the medial collateral ligament stabilize the patella on either side. Any of these structures can sustain damage during a patellar dislocation. To", "title": "Patellar dislocation" }, { "id": "5191885", "text": "Chondromalacia patellae Chondromalacia patellae (also known as CMP) is inflammation of the underside of the patella and softening of the cartilage. The cartilage under the kneecap is a natural shock absorber, and overuse, injury, and many other factors can cause increased deterioration and breakdown of the cartilage. The cartilage is no longer smooth and therefore movement and use is very painful. While it often affects young individuals engaged in active sports, it also afflicts older adults who overwork their knees. \"Chondromalacia patellae\" is sometimes used synonymously with patellofemoral pain syndrome. However, there is general consensus that \"patellofemoral pain syndrome\" applies", "title": "Chondromalacia patellae" }, { "id": "3871201", "text": "Patellar reflex The patellar reflex or knee-jerk (myotatic) (monosynaptic) (American spelling knee reflex) is a stretch reflex which tests the L2, L3, and L4 segments of the spinal cord. Striking the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer just below the patella stretches the muscle spindle in the quadriceps muscle. This produces a signal which travels back to the spinal cord and synapses (without interneurons) at the level of L3 in the spinal cord, completely independent of higher centres. From there, an alpha motor neuron conducts an efferent impulse back to the quadriceps femoris muscle, triggering contraction. This contraction, coordinated with", "title": "Patellar reflex" }, { "id": "7379887", "text": "Stifle joint The stifle joint (often simply stifle) is a complex joint in the hind limbs of quadruped mammals such as the sheep, horse or dog. It is the equivalent of the human knee and is often the largest synovial joint in the animal's body. The stifle joint joins three bones: the femur, patella, and tibia. The joint consists of three smaller ones: the femoropatellar joint, medial femorotibial joint, and lateral femorotibial joint. The stifle joint consists of the femorotibial articulation (femoral and tibial condyles), femoropatellar articulation (femoral trochlea and the patella), and the proximal tibiofibular articulation. The joint is", "title": "Stifle joint" }, { "id": "2080049", "text": "knee. These fractures usually cause swelling and pain in the region, bleeding into the joint (hemarthrosis), and an inability to extend the knee. Patella fractures are usually treated with surgery, unless the damage is minimal and the extensor mechanism is intact. An exostosis is the formation of new bone onto a bone, as a result of excess calcium formation. This can be the cause of chronic pain when formed on the patella. The patella is found in placental mammals and birds; most marsupials have only rudimentary, non-ossified patellae although a few species possess a bony patella. A patella is also", "title": "Patella" }, { "id": "8042600", "text": "Nail–patella syndrome Nail–patella syndrome (NPS) is a genetic disorder that results in small, poorly developed nails and kneecaps, but can also affect many other areas of the body, such as the elbows, chest, and hips. The name \"nail–patella\" can be very misleading because the syndrome often affects many other areas of the body, including even the production of certain proteins. Those affected by NPS may have one or more affected areas of the body, and its severity varies depending on the individual. It is also referred to as iliac horn syndrome, hereditary onychoosteodysplasia (HOOD syndrome), Fong disease or Turner–Kieser syndrome.", "title": "Nail–patella syndrome" }, { "id": "1570429", "text": "from inferior edges of the mensici to the periphery of the tibial plateaus. The patellar ligament connects the patella to the tuberosity of the tibia. It is also occasionally called the patellar tendon because there is no definite separation between the quadriceps tendon (which surrounds the patella) and the area connecting the patella to the tibia. This very strong ligament helps give the patella its mechanical leverage and also functions as a cap for the condyles of the femur. Laterally and medially to the patellar ligament the lateral and medial retinacula connect fibers from the vasti lateralis and medialis muscles", "title": "Knee" }, { "id": "17760728", "text": "deal of pressure is generated in a joint. The sesamoid bones protect tendons by helping them overcome compressive forces. Sesamoid bones vary in number and placement from person to person but are typically found in tendons associated with the feet, hands, and knees. The only type of sesamoid bone that is common to everybody is the kneecap (\"patella\", pl. \"patellae\") which is also the largest of the sesamoid bones. A \"condyle\" is the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint – an articulation with another bone. The \"epicondyle\" refers to a projection near", "title": "Anatomical terms of bone" }, { "id": "8042604", "text": "in the failure to normally develop dorsal specific structures such as nails and patellae. Other common abnormalities include elbow deformities, abnormally shaped pelvic (hip) bones, and kidney (renal) disease. Treatment for NPS varies depending on the symptoms observed. Nail–patella syndrome Nail–patella syndrome (NPS) is a genetic disorder that results in small, poorly developed nails and kneecaps, but can also affect many other areas of the body, such as the elbows, chest, and hips. The name \"nail–patella\" can be very misleading because the syndrome often affects many other areas of the body, including even the production of certain proteins. Those affected", "title": "Nail–patella syndrome" }, { "id": "1570422", "text": "eminence composed of a lateral and a medial tubercle. The patella also serves an articular body, and its posterior surface is referred to as the trochlea of the knee. It is inserted into the thin anterior wall of the joint capsule. On its posterior surface is a lateral and a medial articular surface, both of which communicate with the patellar surface which unites the two femoral condyles on the anterior side of the bone's distal end. The articular capsule has a synovial and a fibrous membrane separated by fatty deposits. Anteriorly, the synovial membrane is attached on the margin of", "title": "Knee" }, { "id": "12676434", "text": "assess the knee, a clinician can perform the patellar apprehension test by moving the patella back and forth while the people flexes the knee at approximately 30 degrees. The people can do the \"patella tracking assessment\" by making a single leg squat and standing, or by lying on his or her back with knee extended from flexed position. A patella that slips laterally on early flexion is called the , and indicates imbalance between the VMO and lateral structures. The patella is a floating sesamoid bone held in place by the quadriceps muscle tendon and patellar tendon ligament. Exercises should", "title": "Patellar dislocation" }, { "id": "648888", "text": "blood to produce urine, which carries a variety of waste molecules and excess ions and water out of the body. Human anatomy is the study of the shape and form of the human body. The human body has four limbs (two arms and two legs), a head and a neck which connect to the torso. The body's shape is determined by a strong skeleton made of bone and cartilage, surrounded by fat, muscle, connective tissue, organs, and other structures. The spine at the back of the skeleton contains the flexible vertebral column which surrounds the spinal cord, which is a", "title": "Human body" }, { "id": "2136975", "text": "humans, the diaphragm is slightly asymmetric—its right half is higher up (superior) to the left half, since the large liver rests beneath the right half of the diaphragm. There is also a theory that the diaphragm is lower on the other side due to the presence of the heart. Other mammals have diaphragms, and other vertebrates such as amphibians and reptiles have diaphragm-like structures, but important details of the anatomy vary, such as the position of the lungs in the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm is a C-shaped structure of muscle and fibrous tissue that separates the thoracic cavity from the", "title": "Thoracic diaphragm" }, { "id": "6356331", "text": "Rectus femoris muscle The rectus femoris muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body. The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius (deep to the rectus femoris), and the vastus lateralis. All four parts of the quadriceps muscle attach to the patella (knee cap) via the quadriceps tendon. The rectus femoris is situated in the middle of the front of the thigh; it is fusiform in shape, and its superficial fibers are arranged in a bipenniform manner, the deep fibers running straight () down to the deep aponeurosis. Its functions are to flex the thigh", "title": "Rectus femoris muscle" }, { "id": "8436873", "text": "Patella fracture A patella fracture is a break of the kneecap. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and bruising to the front of the knee. A person may also be unable to walk. Complications may include injury to the tibia, femur, or knee ligaments. It typicals results from a hard blow to the front of the knee or falling on the knee. Occasionally it may occur from a strong contraction of the thigh muscles. Diagnosis is based on symptom and confirmed with X-rays. In children an MRI may be required. Treatment may be with or without surgery, depending on the type of", "title": "Patella fracture" }, { "id": "7295167", "text": "of other members of Mollusca. Their diffuse nervous system is oriented around three principal pairs of ganglia—the cerebral, pleural (which are hypoathroid), and pedal—located in the animal's snout and surrounding its esophagus in a neck ring. The pleural and pedal ganglia each send a nerve cord back through the rest of the body, the pleural nerve cords and the pedal or ventral nerve cords (the latter are embedded in the foot musculature in Patellagastropoda). Just outside the pedal ganglia are each of the two statocysts (though see \"Bathyacmaea secunda\" as an exception to this rule). Like the keyhole limpets, the", "title": "Patellogastropoda" }, { "id": "1455141", "text": "Esophagus The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English) (), commonly known as the food pipe or gullet (gut), is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus is a fibromuscular tube, about 25 centimetres long in adults, which travels behind the trachea and heart, passes through the diaphragm and empties into the uppermost region of the stomach. During swallowing, the epiglottis tilts backwards to prevent food from going down the larynx and lungs. The word \"esophagus\" is the Greek word οἰσοφάγος , meaning \"gullet\". The wall of", "title": "Esophagus" }, { "id": "3125343", "text": "Human musculoskeletal system The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It is made up of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs. The skeletal portion of the system serves as the main storage", "title": "Human musculoskeletal system" }, { "id": "12676431", "text": "than 25 degrees between the patellar tendon and quadriceps muscle can predispose a person to patellar dislocation. In patella alta, the patella sits higher on the knee than normal. Normal function of the VMO muscle stabilizes the patella. Decreased VMO function results in instability of the patella. When there is too much tension on the patella, the ligaments will weaken and be susceptible to tearing ligaments or tendons due to shear force or torsion force, which then displaces the kneecap from its origination. Another cause that patellar dislocation can occur is when the trochlear groove that has been completely flattened", "title": "Patellar dislocation" }, { "id": "2136981", "text": "from the lower internal intercostal arteries. From below, the inferior phrenic arteries supply the diaphragm. The diaphragm drains blood into the brachiocephalic veins, azygos veins, and veins that drain into the inferior vena cava and left suprarenal vein. The sternal portion of the muscle is sometimes wanting and more rarely defects occur in the lateral part of the central tendon or adjoining muscle fibers. The thoracic diaphragm develops during embryogenesis, beginning in the third week after fertilization with two processes known as transverse folding and longitudinal folding. The septum transversum, the primitive central tendon of the diaphragm, originates at the", "title": "Thoracic diaphragm" }, { "id": "17926846", "text": "Bipartite patella Bipartite patella is a condition where the patella, or kneecap, is composed of two separate bones. Instead of fusing together as normally occurs in early childhood, the bones of the patella remain separated. The condition occurs in approximately 12% of the population and is nine times more likely to occur in males than females. It is often asymptomatic and most commonly diagnosed as an incidental finding, with about 2% of cases becoming symptomatic. Saupe introduced a classification system for Bipartite Patella back in 1921. Type 1: Fragment is located at the bottom of the kneecap (5% of cases)", "title": "Bipartite patella" }, { "id": "3684877", "text": "Luxating patella Luxating patella (or trick knee, subluxation of patella, floating patella, or floating kneecap) is a condition in which the patella, or kneecap, dislocates or moves out of its normal location. Patella luxation is a common condition in dogs, particularly small and miniature breeds. The condition usually becomes evident between the ages of 4 and 6 months. It can occur in cats, as well, especially domestic short-haired cats. It also occurs in humans, where it can be associated with damage to the anterior cruciate ligament. Most cases of patellar luxation are medial, and this is frequently a congenital problem", "title": "Luxating patella" }, { "id": "1570419", "text": "knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments: the patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the patella, or \"kneecap\", and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides; and the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations linking the femur, or thigh bone, with the tibia, the main bone of the lower leg. The joint is bathed in synovial fluid which is contained inside the synovial membrane called the joint capsule. The posterolateral corner of the knee is an area that has recently been the subject of renewed scrutiny", "title": "Knee" }, { "id": "369023", "text": "periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage. There are 206 bones in the adult human body and 270 in an infant. During embryogenesis the precursor to bone development is cartilage. Much of this substance is then replaced by bone during the second and third trimester, after the flesh such as muscle has formed around it; forming the skeleton. Cartilage is a stiff and inflexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, including the joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes and the", "title": "Skeleton" }, { "id": "3191152", "text": "is predicted that climate change will wipe out half of all plant and animal species over the next century. Most aspects of human physiology are closely homologous to corresponding aspects of animal physiology. The human body consists of the legs, the torso, the arms, the neck, and the head. An adult human body consists of about 100 trillion (10) cells. The most commonly defined body systems in humans are the nervous, the cardiovascular, the circulatory, the digestive, the endocrine, the immune, the integumentary, the lymphatic, the musculoskeletal, the reproductive, the respiratory, and the urinary system. Humans, like most of the", "title": "Human" }, { "id": "1438870", "text": "Cartilage Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components. It is not as hard and rigid as bone, but it is much stiffer and much less flexible than muscle.The matrix of cartilage is made up of chondrin. Because of its rigidity, cartilage often serves the purpose of holding tubes open in the body. Examples include the rings of the trachea, such", "title": "Cartilage" }, { "id": "22206", "text": "Aorta The aorta ( ) is the main artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation. In anatomical sources, the aorta is usually divided into sections. One way of classifying a part of the aorta is by anatomical compartment, where the thoracic aorta (or thoracic portion of the aorta) runs from the heart to the diaphragm. The aorta then continues downward as the", "title": "Aorta" }, { "id": "7624775", "text": "the fresh state these grooves are covered with cartilage. The Popliteus arises from the depression; its tendon lies in the oblique groove when the knee is flexed and in the vertical groove when the knee is extended. Above and behind the lateral epicondyle is an area for the origin of the lateral head of the Gastrocnemius, above and to the medial side of which the Plantaris arises. The articular surface of the lower end of the femur occupies the anterior, inferior, and posterior surfaces of the condyles. Its front part is named the patellar surface and articulates with the patella;", "title": "Lower extremity of femur" }, { "id": "7295172", "text": "In the Patellogastropoda, the twist is located directly behind (i.e., posterior to) the pleural ganglia; in other closely related groups (e.g., Zeugobranchia, Neritopsina, and Ampullariidae) the twist stretches backwards well into the visceral mass (digestive glands, intestines, gonad, etc.). The digestive gland and interweaving intestine occupy most of the visceral mass behind the head. At the posterior ventral end is the large gonad organ which, when ripe, bursts and empties its gametes into the right kidney from which they are then expelled directly into the surrounding water. One theory of the function of the osphradia is to sense the release", "title": "Patellogastropoda" }, { "id": "75474", "text": "Collagen Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in the body. As the main component of connective tissue, it is the most abundant protein in mammals, making 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. Collagen consists of amino acids wound together to form triple-helices l of elongated fibrils. It is mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendons, ligaments and skin. Depending upon the degree of mineralization, collagen tissues may be either rigid (bone) or compliant (tendon) or have a gradient from rigid to compliant (cartilage). It is also abundant in", "title": "Collagen" }, { "id": "698035", "text": "palm as the palma and palmar, the thumb as the pollex, and the fingers as the digits, phalanges, and phalangeal. The buttocks are the gluteus or gluteal region and the pubic area is the pubis. Anatomists divide the lower limb into the thigh (the part of the limb between the hip and the knee) and the leg (which refers only to the area of the limb between the knee and the ankle). The thigh is the femur and the femoral region. The kneecap is the patella and patellar while the back of the knee is the popliteus and popliteal area.", "title": "Surface anatomy" }, { "id": "17673351", "text": "the skeleton. Together, these fibrous layers, along with tendons and ligaments, constitute the deep fascia of the body. Movement is not limited to only synovial joints, although they allow for most freedom. Muscles also run over symphysis, which allow for movement in for example the vertebral column by compression of the intervertebral discs. Additionally, synovial joints can be divided into different types, depending on their axis of movement. A serous membrane (also referred to as a serosa) is a thin membrane that covers the walls of organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The serous membranes have two layers; \"parietal\"", "title": "Anatomical terminology" }, { "id": "3871205", "text": "October 1921, wrote: \"Itinerant preacher stemming Broadway on a soap box. And gets only an occasional knee-jerk.\" Patellar reflex The patellar reflex or knee-jerk (myotatic) (monosynaptic) (American spelling knee reflex) is a stretch reflex which tests the L2, L3, and L4 segments of the spinal cord. Striking the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer just below the patella stretches the muscle spindle in the quadriceps muscle. This produces a signal which travels back to the spinal cord and synapses (without interneurons) at the level of L3 in the spinal cord, completely independent of higher centres. From there, an alpha motor", "title": "Patellar reflex" }, { "id": "9661652", "text": "Quadriceps tendon In human anatomy, the quadriceps tendon allows the quadriceps femoris muscles (\"rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius\") to converge on the superior aspects of the patella on the anterior of the thigh, which continues as the patellar ligament. A tendon connects muscle to bone, while a ligament connects bone to bone. The quadriceps tendon works with the quadriceps to extend the leg. Injuries are common to this tendon, with tears, either partial or complete, being the most common. If the quadriceps tendon is completely torn, surgery will be required to regain function of the knee.", "title": "Quadriceps tendon" }, { "id": "5191890", "text": "flexibility of the hip and thigh muscles can be undertaken. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication is also helpful to minimize the swelling amplifying patellar pain. Treatment with surgery is declining in popularity due to positive non-surgical outcomes and the relative ineffectiveness of surgical intervention. Chondromalacia patellae Chondromalacia patellae (also known as CMP) is inflammation of the underside of the patella and softening of the cartilage. The cartilage under the kneecap is a natural shock absorber, and overuse, injury, and many other factors can cause increased deterioration and breakdown of the cartilage. The cartilage is no longer smooth and therefore movement", "title": "Chondromalacia patellae" }, { "id": "7449977", "text": "Trochlea of humerus In the human arm, the humeral trochlea is the medial portion of the articular surface of the elbow joint which articulates with the trochlear notch on the ulna in the forearm. In humans and apes it is trochleariform (or trochleiform), as opposed to cylindrical in most monkeys and conical in some prosimians. It presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. The trochlea has the capitulum located on its lateral side and the medial epicondyle", "title": "Trochlea of humerus" }, { "id": "1567629", "text": "Ureter In human anatomy, the ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually long and around in diameter. Histologically, the ureter is lined by the urothelium, a type of transitional epithelium, and has an additional smooth muscle layer in the more distal one-third to assist with peristalsis. In humans, the ureters arise from the pelvis of each kidney, and descend on top of the psoas major muscle to reach the brim of the pelvis. Here, they cross in front of the common iliac", "title": "Ureter" }, { "id": "9435532", "text": "Articular capsule of the knee joint The articular capsule of the knee joint (commonly referred to as capsular ligament) is wide and lax; thin in front and at the side; and contains the patella (\"knee cap\"), ligaments, menisci, and bursae. The capsule consists of a synovial and a fibrous membrane separated by fatty deposits anteriorly and posteriorly. Anteriorly, the reflection of the synovial membrane lies on the femur; located at some distance from the cartilage because of the presence of the suprapatellar bursa. Above, the reflection appears lifted from the bone by underlying periosteal connective tissue. In a standing posture,", "title": "Articular capsule of the knee joint" }, { "id": "6402245", "text": "the descending thoracic aorta lies the root of the left lung, the pericardium, the esophagus, and the diaphragm. The esophagus, which is covered by a nerve plexus lies to the right of the descending thoracic aorta. Lower, the esophagus passes in front of the aorta, and ultimately is situated on the left. The aorta is an artery that conveys oxygenated blood from the heart to other parts of the body. It is one of the largest arteries in the body. The aorta gives off several paired branches as it descends. In descending order, these include the Note: The posterior intercostal", "title": "Descending thoracic aorta" }, { "id": "1570447", "text": "particularly horses, ungulates, and elephants, the layman's term \"knee\" also commonly refers to the forward-facing joint in the foreleg, the carpus, which is homologous to the human wrist. In birds, the \"knee\" refers to the joints between the femur and tibiotarsus, and also the patella (when present). The layman's term \"knee\" may also refer to the (lower and often more visible due to not being covered by feathers) joint between the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus, which is homologous to the human ankle. In insects and other animals, the term knee widely refers to any hinge joint. Knee In humans and other", "title": "Knee" }, { "id": "17760749", "text": "Anatomical terms of muscle Muscles are described using unique anatomical terminology according to their actions and structure. There are three types of muscle tissue in the human body: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal striated muscle, or \"voluntary muscle\", primarily joins to bone with tendons. Skeletal muscle enables movement of the bones of the human skeleton and maintains posture. Smooth muscle tissue is found in parts of the body where it conveys action without conscious intent. The majority of this type of muscle tissue is found in the digestive and urinary systems where it acts by propelling forward food, chyme, and", "title": "Anatomical terms of muscle" }, { "id": "8162776", "text": "the patellar tendon tears at the point where it attaches to the knee cap. Diagnosis is based on symptoms, examination, and medical imaging. Small tears may be treated with rest and splinting, followed by physiotherapy. Larger tears typically require surgery within a couple of weeks. Outcomes are generally good. Rates in the general population are not clear, however in certain high risk groups it occurs about 1 in 10,000 per year. They occur most often in those under the age of 40. The sign of a ruptured patella tendon is the movement of the patella further up the quadriceps. When", "title": "Patellar tendon rupture" }, { "id": "1570446", "text": "procedures, ongoing research is looking into underlying problems which may increase the likelihood of an athlete suffering a severe knee injury. These findings may lead to effective preventive measures, especially in female athletes, who have been shown to be especially vulnerable to ACL tears from relatively minor trauma. Articular cartilage repair treatment: In humans, the term \"knee\" refers to the joints between the femur, tibia, and patella, in the leg. In quadrupeds such as dogs, horses, and mice, the homologous joints between the femur, tibia, and patella, in the hind leg, are known as the stifle joint. Also in quadrupeds,", "title": "Knee" }, { "id": "1911177", "text": "thoracic portion of the spine, collarbone, and the rib cage and floating ribs). External structures are the skin and nipples. In the human body, the region of the thorax between the neck and diaphragm in the front of the body is called the chest. The corresponding area in an animal can also be referred to as the chest. The shape of the chest does not correspond to that part of the thoracic skeleton that encloses the heart and lungs. All the breadth of the shoulders is due to the shoulder girdle, and contains the axillae and the heads of the", "title": "Thorax" }, { "id": "9435536", "text": "are remnants of three embryonic septal divisions of the knee space called synovial plicae: Articular capsule of the knee joint The articular capsule of the knee joint (commonly referred to as capsular ligament) is wide and lax; thin in front and at the side; and contains the patella (\"knee cap\"), ligaments, menisci, and bursae. The capsule consists of a synovial and a fibrous membrane separated by fatty deposits anteriorly and posteriorly. Anteriorly, the reflection of the synovial membrane lies on the femur; located at some distance from the cartilage because of the presence of the suprapatellar bursa. Above, the reflection", "title": "Articular capsule of the knee joint" }, { "id": "1570420", "text": "and research. The knee is the largest joint and one of the most important joints in the body. It plays an essential role in movement related to carrying the body weight in horizontal (running and walking) and vertical (jumping) directions. At birth, the kneecap is just formed from cartilage, and this will ossify (change to bone) between the ages of three and five years. Because it is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body, the ossification process takes significantly longer. The main articular bodies of the femur are its lateral and medial condyles. These diverge slightly distally and posteriorly,", "title": "Knee" }, { "id": "75476", "text": "This refers to the compound's early use in the process of boiling the skin and tendons of horses and other animals to obtain glue. Collagen occurs in many places throughout the body. Over 90% of the collagen in the human body, however, is type I. So far, 28 types of collagen have been identified and described. They can be divided into several groups according to the structure they form: The five most common types are: The collagenous cardiac skeleton which includes the four heart valve rings, is histologically, elastically and uniquely bound to cardiac muscle. The cardiac skeleton also includes", "title": "Collagen" }, { "id": "2178641", "text": "Cannula A cannula (; from Latin \"\"little reed\"\"; plural \"cannulae\" or \"cannulas\") is a tube that can be inserted into the body, often for the delivery or removal of fluid or for the gathering of data. In simple terms, a cannula can surround the inner or outer surfaces of a trocar needle thus extending the effective needle length by at least half the length of the original needle. It is also called an intravenous (IV) cannula. Its size mainly ranges from 14 to 24 gauge. Different-sized cannulas have different colours as coded. Decannulation is the permanent removal of a cannula", "title": "Cannula" }, { "id": "12676426", "text": "Patellar dislocation A patellar dislocation is a knee injury in which the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position. Often the knee is partly bent, painful and swollen. The patella is also often felt and seen out of place. Complications may include a patella fracture or arthritis. A patellar dislocation typically occurs when the knee is straight and the lower leg is bent outwards when twisting. Occasionally it occurs when the knee is bent and the patella is hit. Commonly associated sports include soccer, gymnastics, and ice hockey. Dislocations nearly always occur away from the midline. Diagnosis is typically", "title": "Patellar dislocation" }, { "id": "1780142", "text": "bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and kneecap forming the knee. By most measures the femur is the strongest bone in the body. The femur is also the longest bone in the body. The femur is categorised as a long bone and comprises a diaphysis, the shaft (or body) and two epiphysis or extremities that articulate with adjacent bones in the hip and knee. In cross-section, the thigh is divided up into three separate compartments, divided by fascia, each containing muscles. These compartments use the femur as an axis, and", "title": "Thigh" }, { "id": "1570380", "text": "Femur The femur (, pl. \"femurs\" or \"femora\" ) or thigh bone, is the proximal bone of the hindlimb in tetrapod vertebrates. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and kneecap forming the knee joint. By most measures the femur is the strongest bone in the body. The femur is also the longest bone in the human body. The femur is the only bone in the upper leg. The two femurs converge medially toward the knees, where they articulate", "title": "Femur" }, { "id": "1570392", "text": "patellar surface and articulates with the patella; it presents a median groove which extends downward to the intercondyloid fossa and two convexities, the lateral of which is broader, more prominent, and extends farther upward than the medial. Each condyle is surmounted by an elevation, the epicondyle. The medial epicondyle is a large convex eminence to which the tibial collateral ligament of the knee-joint is attached. At its upper part is the adductor tubercle and behind it is a rough impression which gives origin to the medial head of the gastrocnemius. The lateral epicondyle which is smaller and less prominent than", "title": "Femur" }, { "id": "6737182", "text": "Situs solitus Situs solitus is the normal position of thoracic and abdominal organs. Anatomically, this means that the heart is on the left with the pulmonary atrium on the right and the systemic atrium on the left along with the cardiac apex. Right-sided organs are the liver, the gall bladder and a trilobed lung as well as the inferior vena cava, while left-sided organs are the stomach, single spleen, a bilobed lung, and the aorta. Variants on the normal picture are relatively uncommon. Complete reversal of all organs is known as situs inversus, while reversal of some organs but not", "title": "Situs solitus" }, { "id": "3670984", "text": "Dystrophin Dystrophin is a rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein, and a vital part of a protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the cell membrane. This complex is variously known as the costamere or the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC). Many muscle proteins, such as α-dystrobrevin, syncoilin, synemin, sarcoglycan, dystroglycan, and sarcospan, colocalize with dystrophin at the costamere. The DMD gene, encoding the dystrophin protein, is one of the longest human genes known, covering 2.3 megabases (0.08% of the human genome) at locus Xp21. The primary transcript in muscle measures about 2,100 kilobases and", "title": "Dystrophin" }, { "id": "648876", "text": "Human body The human body is the structure of a human being. It is composed of many different types of cells that together create tissues and subsequently organ systems. They ensure homeostasis and the viability of the human body. It comprises a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), arms and hands, legs and feet. The study of the human body involves anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology. The body varies anatomically in known ways. Physiology focuses on the systems and organs of the human body and their functions. Many systems and mechanisms interact in order to maintain homeostasis,", "title": "Human body" }, { "id": "3614904", "text": "Quadriceps femoris muscle The quadriceps femoris (, also called the quadriceps extensor, quadriceps or quads) is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur. The name derives . It is subdivided into four separate portions or 'heads', which have received distinctive names: All four parts of the quadriceps muscle ultimately insert into the tuberosity of the tibia via the patella, where the quadriceps tendon becomes the patellar ligament. There", "title": "Quadriceps femoris muscle" }, { "id": "16063617", "text": "superior vena cava (or cranial vena cava in animals) is above the heart, and forms from a convergence of the left and right brachiocephalic veins, which contain blood from the head and the arms. Venae cavae The venae cavae (; from the Latin for \"hollow veins\", singular \"vena cava\" ) are two large veins (venous trunks) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. In humans there are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, and both empty into the right atrium. They are located slightly off-center, toward the right side of the body. The inferior", "title": "Venae cavae" }, { "id": "3981594", "text": "such as pitching during baseball involves reducing eccentric braking allowing a greater power to be developed throughout the movement. Eccentric contractions are being researched for their ability to speed rehabilitation of weak or injured tendons. Achilles tendinitis and patellar tendonitis (also known as jumper's knee or patellar tendonosis) have been shown to benefit from high-load eccentric contractions. In vertebrate animals, there are three types of muscle tissues: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscle constitutes the majority of muscle mass in the body and is responsible for locomotor activity. Smooth muscle forms blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, and other areas in the", "title": "Muscle contraction" }, { "id": "6805528", "text": "Collagen, type XI, alpha 2 Collagen alpha-2(XI) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the \"COL11A2\" gene. The COL11A2 gene produces one component of this type of collagen, called the pro-alpha2(XI) chain. Type XI collagen adds structure and strength to the tissues that support the body's muscles, joints, organs and skin (the connective tissue). Type XI collagen is normally found in cartilage as well as the fluid that fills the eyeball, the inner ear, and the center portion of the discs between the vertebrae in the spine (nucleus pulposus). Type XI collagen also helps maintain the spacing", "title": "Collagen, type XI, alpha 2" }, { "id": "1774594", "text": "Sacrum The sacrum ( or ; plural: \"sacra\" or \"sacrums\"), in human anatomy, is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms by the fusing of sacral vertebrae S1S5 between 18 and 30years of age. The sacrum is situated at the upper, back part of the pelvic cavity, between the two wings of the pelvis. It forms joints with four other bones. The two projections at the sides of the sacrum are called the alae (wings), and articulate with the ilium at the L-shaped sacroiliac joints. The upper part of the sacrum connects with the last", "title": "Sacrum" }, { "id": "3341123", "text": "when they are hot and stressed out. The cargo space in an aircraft can rise as high as when waiting on the runway. With a few precautions and special care, you can still fly with your French Bulldog. Patellar luxation is the dislocation of the patella (kneecap). In dogs, the patella is a small bone that shields the front of the stifle joint in its hind legs. This bone is held in place by ligaments. As the knee joint is moved, the patella slides in a groove in the femur. The kneecap may dislocate toward the inside (medial) or outside", "title": "French Bulldog" }, { "id": "10544576", "text": "The bones of the wing are controlled by a single muscle for each action. At the elbow, there is a small bone called the ulna sesamoid, it is similar to the patella. Bats have a 4 chambered heart, similar to that of other mammals. It can be 0.6 – 1.3% of the bats body weight. For more information refer to Circulatory System. It is known to range from North Western and South Western New South Wales However they are only in a few large remnants of habitat that remain in this area. Some specific places the Little Pied bat can", "title": "Little pied bat" }, { "id": "8394433", "text": "Tuberosity of the tibia The tuberosity of the tibia or tibial tuberosity or tibial tubercle is a large oblong elevation on the proximal, anterior aspect of the tibia, just below where the anterior surfaces of the lateral and medial tibial condyles end. It gives attachment to the patellar ligament, which attaches to the patella from where the suprapatellar ligament forms the distal tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscles. The quadriceps muscles consist of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These quadriceps muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve. The tibial tuberosity thus forms the terminal part", "title": "Tuberosity of the tibia" }, { "id": "11950955", "text": "where it accommodates the shape of the diaphragm. The peritoneum folds back on itself to form the falciform ligament and the right and left triangular ligaments. These peritoneal ligaments are not related to the anatomic ligaments in joints, and the right and left triangular ligaments have no known functional importance, though they serve as surface landmarks. The falciform ligament functions to attach the liver to the posterior portion of the anterior body wall. The visceral surface or inferior surface, is uneven and concave. It is covered in peritoneum apart from where it attaches the gallbladder and the porta hepatis. Several", "title": "Liver" }, { "id": "1911175", "text": "Thorax The thorax or chest (from the Greek θώραξ \"thorax\" \"breastplate, cuirass, corslet\" via ) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen. The thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain. In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along", "title": "Thorax" }, { "id": "3038827", "text": "is made up of simple cuboidal cells. Lymphocytes exit the blood stream and enter the lymph nodes via these specialized venules when an infection is detected.Compared with arterioles, the venules are larger with much weaker muscular coat. They are the smallest united common branch in the human body. Venule A venule is a very small blood vessel in the microcirculation that allows blood to return from the capillary beds to drain into the larger blood vessels, the veins. Venules range from 7μm to 1mm in diameter. Veins contain approximately 70% of total blood volume, 25% of which is contained in", "title": "Venule" }, { "id": "473043", "text": "by the taking of a medical history, listening to the heart-sounds with a stethoscope, ECG, and ultrasound. Specialists who focus on diseases of the heart are called cardiologists, although many specialties of medicine may be involved in treatment. The human heart is situated in the middle mediastinum, at the level of thoracic vertebrae T5-T8. A double-membraned sac called the pericardium surrounds the heart and attaches to the mediastinum. The back surface of the heart lies near the vertebral column, and the front surface sits behind the sternum and rib cartilages. The upper part of the heart is the attachment point", "title": "Heart" }, { "id": "1911176", "text": "with its internal organs and other contents. It is mostly protected and supported by the rib cage, spine, and shoulder girdle. The contents of the thorax include the heart and lungs (and the thymus gland); the (major and minor pectoral muscles, trapezius muscles, and neck muscle); and internal structures such as the diaphragm, the esophagus, the trachea, and a part of the sternum known as the xiphoid process). Arteries and veins are also contained – (aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and the pulmonary artery); bones (the shoulder socket containing the upper part of the humerus, the scapula, sternum,", "title": "Thorax" }, { "id": "3038825", "text": "Venule A venule is a very small blood vessel in the microcirculation that allows blood to return from the capillary beds to drain into the larger blood vessels, the veins. Venules range from 7μm to 1mm in diameter. Veins contain approximately 70% of total blood volume, 25% of which is contained in the venules. Many venules unite to form a vein. Venule walls have three layers: An inner endothelium composed of squamous endothelial cells that act as a membrane, a middle layer of muscle and elastic tissue and an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue. The middle layer is poorly", "title": "Venule" }, { "id": "19520912", "text": "in passive extension. In the hind limbs, the major muscles, ligaments and tendons work with the reciprocal joints of the hock and stifle, which are a reciprocal apparatus that forces the hock and stifle to flex and extend in unison. The medial patellar ligament \"locks\" the patella (\"kneecap\") in place and this prevents flexion in both the stifle and the hock. At the stifle joint, a \"hook\" structure on the inside bottom end of the femur cups the patella and the medial patella ligament, prevents the leg from bending. Cattle have a stay apparatus which allows them to rest individual", "title": "Stay apparatus" }, { "id": "12665900", "text": "Patellar subluxation syndrome Patellar subluxation syndrome, also known as patellar instability, or unstable kneecap is an injury that is concerned with the kneecap. Patellar subluxation is more common than patellar dislocation and is just as disabling. In this condition, the patella repetitively subluxates and places strain on the medial restraints and excessive stress/tension on the patellofemoral joint. Patellar subluxation can be caused by osseous abnormalities, such as incorrect articulation of the femoral groove with the patella, trochlear dysplasia, or patella alta, which is a distance of greater than 20 mm between the tibial tubercle and the trochlear groove. It can", "title": "Patellar subluxation syndrome" }, { "id": "648885", "text": "skin provides containment, structure, and protection for other organs, and serves as a major sensory interface with the outside world. The lymphatic system extracts, transports and metabolizes lymph, the fluid found in between cells. The lymphatic system is similar to the circulatory system in terms of both its structure and its most basic function, to carry a body fluid. The musculoskeletal system consists of the human skeleton (which includes bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage) and attached muscles. It gives the body basic structure and the ability for movement. In addition to their structural role, the larger bones in the body", "title": "Human body" } ]

[ "Benjamin Franklin" ]

[ { "id": "18898402", "text": "rod invention to protect wooden buildings such as houses and churches. Watson turned over some of these Franklin letters to the local publisher Edward Cave, who had them printed in \"The Gentleman's Magazine\" in 1750. In April 1751 Cave printed in a publication more of the letters Collinson had received and they included corrections personally added by Franklin. This publication was titled, \"Experiments and Observations on Electricity, Made in Philadelphia in America by Mr. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN and Communicated in several letters to Mr. P. Collinson of London, F.R.S\" (London). It was a 90-page pamphlet of 86 numbered pages. The pamphlet", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898399", "text": "Ebenezer Kinnersley, Thomas Hopkinson, and Philip Syng and developed the first scientific research laboratory in America. He repeated his experiments to obtain the same results and recorded this observation. In this process he showed that anyone could repeat and prove these results themselves of the electrical principle if they did the experiment he detailed. Franklin spent much time studying this new field of electricity, and from 1747 through 1750 sent many letters to Collinson on his findings. The book consists of a collection of these letters. The book came in pamphlet form for the first three editions. The last two", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898420", "text": "more often. Franklin in time proved to the scientific community that his lightning rod invention not only was a protective device, but it also served as a preventive way to divert destructive lightning bolts away from hitting buildings. All editions of the book were being printed in Europe until 1941, when the first publication of it was done in the United States by I. Bernard Cohen. The book is Franklin's only scientific work, and is recognized by historians Gary F. Kurutz and Dennis Smith as America's most important scientific book of the eighteenth century. The publication for his scientific observations", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898395", "text": "period and send them to the printer for publication. This first collection of letters was published in a ninety-page pamphlet in 1751. It was soon followed by other parts that were \"Supplemental\" to the existing edition and eventually a \"New\" publication was sold from the total of all the \"Parts\" produced. Each edition expanded by additional Franklin letters being added. It ultimately became a 496-page volume by 1769. The book inspired others to follow in Franklin's footsteps to do further in-depth research on electricity. Franklin was first attracted to the study of electricity when he saw the showman Archibald Spencer", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898421", "text": "on electricity made Franklin famous throughout Europe as a serious scientist. Eighteenth-century British polymath Joseph Priestley writes in his book \"The History and Present State of Electricity\" (1767) that nobody had written an in-depth study of electricity with the use of scientific experimentation like this of Franklin's that had been translated into most European languages in the eighteenth century. Benjamin Franklin was given the Copley Medal by the Royal Society in 1753 in recognition of his work in electricity as reported in this book. Experiments and Observations on Electricity The book came about through the activities of scientists at the", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18904066", "text": "copies of the electrostatic machine to many of his close associates to encourage them to study electricity. Between 1747 and 1750, Franklin sent many letters to his friend Collinson in London about his experiments with the electrostatic machine and the Leyden jar, including his observations and theories on the principles of electricity. These letters were collected and published in 1751 in a book entitled \"Experiments and Observations on Electricity.\" While Joseph Priestley was writing about the history of electricity, Franklin encouraged him to use an electrostatic machine to perform the experiments he was writing about. Priestly designed and used his", "title": "Franklin's electrostatic machine" }, { "id": "18898403", "text": "included an unsigned preface written by Dr. John Fothergill. This first publication of \"Experiments and Observations on Electricity\" sold for the expensive price of two shillings and sixpence British money, . The eighteenth century book consists of a collection of letters and essays written by Franklin. Most of the 25 letters in the collection were to Collinson. Some had personal content, but most were about his experiments with electricity and what he had observed from them. These talked about the conclusions he came to after doing scientific experimentation on Leyden jars and lightning storm clouds. He many times related the", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898405", "text": "of 1751 was supplemented in 1753 with 20 more pages and called \"Supplemental Experiments and Observations, Part II\". It was numbered 89 to 109 and published by E. Cave. This was again supplemented with an additional 44 pages in 1754, numbered 110 to 154, and titled \"New Experiments and Observations, Part III.\" It was published by R. Cave, the son of E. Cave. The second edition published in 1754 was a reprint of parts I and II of the first edition. The third edition published in 1760, 1762, and 1764 was a reprint of all three parts of the first", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "4567717", "text": "historian Mark Catesby. Collinson maintained an extensive correspondence and was friendly with notable scientists in London and abroad including Sloane, Carl Linnaeus, Gronovius, Dr. John Fothergill, Cadwallader Colden, and Benjamin Franklin. Collinson was a particular patron of the Philadelphia scientific community assisting the fledgling American Philosophical Society founded by Bartram and Franklin in 1743. He also served for many years as the purchasing agent for the Library Company of Philadelphia. It was through Collinson that Franklin first communicated to the Royal Society what would in 1751 be published as \"Experiments and Observations on Electricity.\" He was elected a foreign member", "title": "Peter Collinson (botanist)" }, { "id": "18898406", "text": "edition and numbered 1–154. In this first set of letters Franklin talked about \"electrical fire\", later (1749) changing the terminology to \"electrical fluid\". He wrote to Collinson on June 5, 1747, that his experiments showed that the electrical fire was a new element of matter existing as particles in all ordinary matter. Franklin determined that a friction rubbing process like that of rubbing glass with a cloth does not create these particles, but only temporararily groups them together so that they can be collected and held in a Leyden jar of water and metal. According to Franklin, one side of", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898416", "text": "Electricity. There were five English editions, three French editions, and an edition each in German, Italian and Latin. The first three English editions were similar, but not identical, and consisted of two or three parts. Each of these separate parts were printed and sold individually as a pamphlet. Each had a slight title change (i.e. \"New\", \"Supplemental\") apparently to promote selling additional copies to people that had bought before. The French translation, published in 1752, contained an experiment suggesting that a long, pointed iron rod would attract a lightning bolt from a thunderstorm cloud. In 1750 Hopkinson suggested to Franklin", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898400", "text": "editions were a book volume with hard covers. Franklin's letters explained his experiments and the observations he made from them. He sent these to Collinson to show that the equipment put into the hands of the group of men associated with Library Company of Philadelphia was being put to good use. William Watson, a scientist specializing in the study of electricity, theorized that perhaps electricity was attracted to conductors that were pointed. Watson received in 1746 from Dr. John Mitchell a lengthy Franklin letter on theories about thunderstorms and pointed conductors as related to electricity. He read part of the", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898417", "text": "the concept that electricity is attracted to points. Franklin then carried the idea a step forward and surmised that a pointed iron rod high above a rooftop would attract a lightning bolt, if the bolt was of electricity. Frenchman Thomas-Francois d'Alibald did the actual experiment May 10, 1752, as Franklin had suggested and lightning struck the iron rod. In London it was repeated in Spital Square on July 20, 1752, and again in Chelmsford, Essex, on August 12, 1752. The electricity attraction from a lightning storm was also done by Franklin himself in the kite experiment that he talked about", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "8268690", "text": "units of electrical measurement are named. Others who would advance the field of knowledge included William Watson, Georg Matthias Bose, Smeaton, Louis-Guillaume Le Monnier, Jacques de Romas, Jean Jallabert, Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Tiberius Cavallo, John Canton, Robert Symmer, Abbot Nollet, John Henry Winkler, Benjamin Wilson, Ebenezer Kinnersley, Joseph Priestley, Franz Aepinus, Edward Hussey Délavai, Henry Cavendish, and Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. Descriptions of many of the experiments and discoveries of these early electrical scientists may be found in the scientific publications of the time, notably the \"Philosophical Transactions\", \"Philosophical Magazine\", \"Cambridge Mathematical Journal\", \"Young's Natural Philosophy\", Priestley's \"History of Electricity\", Franklin's", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "18898404", "text": "similarities of how each of these acted and that the principles they followed were identical. This connection ultimately led Franklin to the lightning rod and that the electricity could be diverted harmlessly away from houses and wooden buildings - making it a protection device. There were five English editions to this book. The first three editions were not hard cover volumes, but rather just pamphlets with paper covers of collected letters of Franklin. They were carelessly put together when published. Each of these pamphlet editions had supplements of additional letters that were added later and then republished. The first publication", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898394", "text": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity The book came about through the activities of scientists at the Royal Society of London. Franklin sent letters to members of the Society about his experiments on electricity and the observations he had made. Most of these letters went to Peter Collinson. Some of these were read at the society's meetings. There was much interest shown, so some of them were sent to a printer to be published in a magazine. Public interest in Franklin's letters about electricity led the Society to gather together many of the letters to Collinson from Franklin over a two-year", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "16321805", "text": "Robert Symmer Robert Symmer, FRS (1707–1763) was a Scottish philosopher and physicist, known principally for the now defunct fluid theory of electricity. Symmer was born in Galloway, Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, matriculating in 1719 but not graduating until 1735. He published a four-part treatise in the \"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society\" titled \"New Experiments and Observations concerning Electricity\". His paper suggested that electricity was not a single force, as was believed by, for example Benjamin Franklin and Giambatista Beccaria, but was instead two opposing forces arising from two separate liquids. He reported his observations on", "title": "Robert Symmer" }, { "id": "1746237", "text": "the bust from the statue in the Memorial, the figurehead of Franklin's bust from the \"USS Franklin\", his ceremonial sword used in the court of King Louis XVI, and the odometer that Franklin used to measure the postal routes in Philadelphia. Additionally, the Institute's \"Electricity\" exhibition highlights one of Franklin's lightning rods, his electricity tube, a Franklin Electrostatic Generator, the 1751 publication of Franklin's \"Experiments and Observations on Electricity\", and Thornton Oakley's two 1940 historical murals of Franklin and the \"Kite and Key\" experiment. In 1826, \"The Journal of The Franklin Institute\" was established to publish US Patent information and", "title": "Franklin Institute" }, { "id": "7637202", "text": "translated Franklin's \"Experiments and Observations on Electricity\" into French, performed Franklin's proposed experiment using a 40-foot-tall metal rod at Marly-la-Ville on 10 May 1752. It is said that Dalibard used wine bottles to ground the pole, and he successfully extracted electricity from a low cloud. It is not known whether Franklin ever performed his proposed experiment. Dalibard was the author of \"Florae Parisiensis Prodromus, ou catalogue des plantes qui naissent dans les environs de Paris\" (Florae Parisiensis Prodromus, or catalog of plants native to the area around Paris) (Paris, 1749). Thomas-François Dalibard Thomas-François Dalibard (born in Crannes-en-Champagne, France in 1709,", "title": "Thomas-François Dalibard" }, { "id": "10081018", "text": "in 1751 to devote his energies entirely to the study of meteorology and physics. Galien died in 1762 in the Dominican monastery at Le Puy, or, according to other accounts, in 1782 at Avignon. He published \"Lettres théologiques touchant l'état de pure nature, la distinction du naturel et du sur-naturel, et les autres matières qui en sont de conséquences\" (Avignon, 1745); also the \"Explication physique des effets de l'électricité\" (Avignon, 1747). But Galien's most important contribution was a booklet that he issued anonymously in 1755 at Avignon under the title \"Mémoire touchant la nature et la formation de la grêle", "title": "Joseph Galien" }, { "id": "19348976", "text": "electrical experiments, and it took time for them to discover the secret. They finally worked out the importance of the outside conduction surface provided by the hand which was needed to prevent the development of electrostatic backpressure, and, as a result, it was the Leyden University experimenters who received the bulk of the credit. In 1744, Bose published his major works on electricity in the form of pamphlets released in London and Paris. However, many of his manuscripts were later lost during the Thirty Years War. He is now mainly celebrated for his spectacular demonstrations rather than for his scientific", "title": "Georg Matthias Bose" }, { "id": "18898396", "text": "do magic demonstrations in Boston (1743) and in Philadelphia (1744). He purchased Spencer's equipment and used it for his electricity experiments after these demonstrations were completed. He referred to Spencer as Dr. Spence from Scotland. In 1746, at the age of forty years, Franklin began turning over the affairs of his printing company to his business partner David Hall, and went into semi-retirement so he could carry out research on electricity; initially using Spencer's equipment. Peter Collinson – a wealthy Quaker cloth merchant, a Fellow of the Royal Society and one of the founders of the Society of Antiquaries of", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898414", "text": "experiments. The fifth English edition was published in 1774. There was little difference between the fourth edition and the fifth edition. The only new document added in the fifth edition, that was not in the fourth edition, was the French experiment with lightning done in 1752. There was an advertisement in the \"Public Advertiser\" London newspaper of September 9, 1774, that promoted the fifth edition. The fourth English edition, published in 1769, was personally supervised by Franklin while visiting London from Philadelphia. He made several corrections on different parts of the first three editions and wrote explanatory notes. One important", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "4366421", "text": "Dr. Stephen Gray who believed that electric properties of a body depended on its colour. Du Fay's observations on electricity were reported in a paper written in December 1733 and printed in Volume 38 of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1734. He became a member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1723. Du Fay died of smallpox in 1739. All Du Fay's publications appeared in the journal \"Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences: avec les mémoires de mathématique & de physique pour les mêmes années\" Charles François de Cisternay du Fay Charles François de Cisternay du", "title": "Charles François de Cisternay du Fay" }, { "id": "18898397", "text": "London – donated (in 1746) a Leyden jar battery, a glass tube, and an account of new German experiments in electricity to the Library Company of Philadelphia (founded by Franklin). The account described how to make electricity from the glass tube. Franklin first experimented with static electricity in the middle of 1747, referring to it as \"these new wonders.\" In conducting his initial electrical research, Franklin made use of the unique battery and glass tube provided by Collinson. Thomas Penn, son of William Penn, made an electrostatic machine that supplemented Collinson's equipment. To these Franklin added an electrostatic generating machine", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898401", "text": "letter to fellow members of the Royal Society of London on November 9, 1749. A week later he finished the reading. On December 4 Watson received another similar Franklin letter dated April 29, 1749, from Collinson and read it to the Society on December 21, 1749. Over the next two years Collinson had transmitted to the Society more of Franklin's letters he had received describing electrical experiments done by Franklin and his team of experimenters. Many talked about the tendency of an electrical discharge to be attracted to a pointed conductor that was grounded - the basics to his lightning", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898408", "text": "to electricity such as \"plus,\" \"minus,\" \"positive,\" \"negative,\" \"charge,\" \"discharge,\" \"armature,\" \"electric shock,\" \"electrician,\" \"condenser,\" \"conductor,\" and \"battery.\" Franklin's first experiments explained in this first set of letters to Collinson that the Leyden jar, a type of capacitor, had equal and opposite charges on the inner and outer conductors. This was shown in illustrations in his book. The significant Franklin theory introduced to Collinson in a letter dated April 29, 1747, was the concept of the \"dissectible condenser.\" Today we call this distribution of charges in a device, a capacitor. He observed that a charge was built up on both", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "18898419", "text": "to lightning hits had been discovered. Franklin's lightning conductor invention, with its lightning rod uppermost point, became a model for the lightning-protection system used in America in the eighteenth century. King Louis XV honored Franklin after seeing some of the electrical experiments done in the royal palace at St. Germain near Paris, France. However physicist Jean-Antoine Nollet (1700–1770), a skeptic who had published his own theory on electricity, declared Franklin's ideas were wrong. He claimed in 1753 that Franklin's lightning rod was not only dangerous but useless and would attract lightning bolts to wooden buildings, causing them to be hit", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "2637012", "text": "him election as a fellow of the society. In 1751 he was a recipient of the Copley Medal \"On account of his communicating to the Society, and exhibiting before them, his curious method of making Artificial Magnets without the use of Natural ones.\" He was the first in England to verify Benjamin Franklin's hypothesis of the identity of lightning and electricity, and he made several important electrical discoveries. In 1762 and 1764 he published experiments in refutation of the decision of the Florentine Academy, at that time generally accepted, that water is incompressible. In 1768 he described the preparation, by", "title": "John Canton" }, { "id": "18898418", "text": "in a letter to Collinson dated October 19, 1752. A man by the name of G. W. Richman was killed in 1753 from electrocution doing the kite experiment. Franklin had proven that lightning bolts and electricity were one and the same. He also showed that this \"electric fluid\" was attracted to a sharply pointed object high in the sky. An iron rod could have the other end put into the ground to create a path for safe conduction of the high voltage electricity. Thus, a way of diverting lightning bolts from wooden buildings and preventing them from going aflame due", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "118188", "text": "in Thomas Browne's \"Pseudodoxia Epidemica\" of 1646. Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature.", "title": "Electricity" }, { "id": "8268730", "text": "19th century, indeed up to about 1870, electrical science was, it may be said, a sealed book to the majority of electrical workers. Prior to this time a number of handbooks had been published on electricity and magnetism, notably Auguste de La Rive's exhaustive ' \"Treatise on Electricity\",' in 1851 (French) and 1853 (English); August Beer's \"Einleitung in die Elektrostatik, die Lehre vom Magnetismus und die Elektrodynamik\", Wiedemann's ' \"Galvanismus\",' and Reiss' \"'Reibungsal-elektricitat\".' But these works consisted in the main in details of experiments with electricity and magnetism, and but little with the laws and facts of those phenomena. Henry", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "10089473", "text": "Hugh Ronalds was his uncle, and his nephews included chemistry professor Edmund Ronalds, artist Hugh Carter, and timber merchant and benefactor James Montgomrey. Thomas Field Gibson, a Royal Commissioner for the Great Exhibition of 1851, was one of his cousins. Ronalds was conducting electrical experiments by 1810: those on atmospheric electricity were outlined in George Singer's text \"Elements of Electricity and Electro-Chemistry\" (1814). He published his first papers in the Philosophical Magazine in 1814 on the properties of the dry pile, a form of battery that his mentor Jean-André Deluc helped to develop. The next year he described the first", "title": "Francis Ronalds" }, { "id": "18898413", "text": "is the first complete edition in one volume and had hard covers. He added footnotes to make certain issues clearer. In this edition he also added several of his own philosophical essays and completed the volume with an index. The fourth edition was a book volume with hard covers that increased the number of pages from 154 to 496. Franklin added papers on his lightning rod invention, meteorological observations, human nature, worldwide population increase, waterspouts, experiments on amber, and information on his Pennsylvania fireplace invention. This edition had copper plate illustrations of his lightning rod design, new fireplace, and electrical", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "46880", "text": "population had the fastest growth rate on earth. Emphasizing that population growth depended on food supplies—a line of thought later developed by Thomas Malthus—Franklin emphasized the abundance of food and available farmland in America. He calculated that America's population was doubling every twenty years and would surpass that of England in a century. In 1751, he drafted \"Observations concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, &c.\" Four years later, it was anonymously printed in Boston, and it was quickly reproduced in Britain, where it influenced the economist Adam Smith and later the demographer Thomas Malthus. Franklin's predictions alarmed British", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "12735466", "text": "its reliance on experimental physics, since this branch of physics was still emerging as a reputable field, especially among Jesuit academics. For example, Horvath cites experiments on electricity by Benjamin Franklin (1754). In addition to his physics textbooks, Horvath published the mathematics textbook \"Institutiones Matheseos\", including sections covering arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and conic sections. He was among the most important Eastern European physics textbook authors in the 18th century (see also Andreas Jaszlinszky as well as Leopold Biwald and Joseph Redlhamer), and an innovative proponent of Newtonian mechanics, which in hindsight was the correct theory rather than the Cartesian", "title": "Johann Baptiste Horvath" }, { "id": "2385790", "text": "and developed an interest in electricity and astronomy. In 1750 Bowdoin traveled to Philadelphia to meet with Franklin. Bowdoin was interested in Franklin's experiments on electricity, and Franklin solicited his advice on papers he prepared for submission to the Royal Society. Through the offices of Franklin, some of Bowdoin's letters were read to the Society. Bowdoin was instrumental in gaining support in the provincial assembly for an expedition to Newfoundland to observe the 1761 transit of Venus across the sun, and in the same year published a treatise suggesting improvements to the telescope. In 1785 he published a series of", "title": "James Bowdoin" }, { "id": "46876", "text": "Society on December 21 and printed as such in the \"Philosophical Transactions\". Joseph Priestley published an account with additional details in his 1767 \"History and Present Status of Electricity\". Franklin was careful to stand on an insulator, keeping dry under a roof to avoid the danger of electric shock. Others, such as Prof. Georg Wilhelm Richmann in Russia, were indeed electrocuted in performing lightning experiments during the months immediately following Franklin's experiment. In his writings, Franklin indicates that he was aware of the dangers and offered alternative ways to demonstrate that lightning was electrical, as shown by his use of", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "8268689", "text": "Marley (near Paris), using a vertical iron rod 40 feet long, obtained results corresponding to those recorded by Franklin and somewhat prior to the date of Franklin's experiment. Franklin's important demonstration of the sameness of frictional electricity and lightning doubtless added zest to the efforts of the many experimenters in this field in the last half of the 18th century, to advance the progress of the science. Franklin's observations aided later scientists such as Michael Faraday, Luigi Galvani, Alessandro Volta, André-Marie Ampère and Georg Simon Ohm, whose collective work provided the basis for modern electrical technology and for whom fundamental", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "18898412", "text": "later editions of the book Franklin explained in his letters and showed in illustrations an assembly of Leyden jars that he termed \"electrical battery\" following the military term of the time of a \"battery\" being a group of cannons assembled together. Franklin assembled a number of parallel-plate condensers consisting of 11 plates of glass and each were \"armed\" with a lead metal sheet on each side. He hooked them together with wires in a series and then a master wire was attached that could then discharge (balance) the battery when touched to both sides. The fourth edition, published in 1769,", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "500073", "text": "process of replicating others' experiments, Priestley became intrigued by unanswered questions and was prompted to undertake experiments of his own design. (Impressed with his \"Charts\" and the manuscript of his history of electricity, Canton, Franklin, Watson, and Richard Price nominated Priestley for a fellowship in the Royal Society; he was accepted in 1766.) In 1767, the 700-page \"The History and Present State of Electricity\" was published to positive reviews. The first half of the text is a history of the study of electricity to 1766; the second and more influential half is a description of contemporary theories about electricity and", "title": "Joseph Priestley" }, { "id": "858420", "text": "he found the relationship between the current through a resistor and the heat dissipated, which is also called Joule's first law. His experiments about energy transformations were first published in 1843. James Joule was born in 1818, the son of Benjamin Joule (1784–1858), a wealthy brewer, and his wife, Alice Prescott, on New Bailey Street in Salford. Joule was tutored as a young man by the famous scientist John Dalton and was strongly influenced by chemist William Henry and Manchester engineers Peter Ewart and Eaton Hodgkinson. He was fascinated by electricity, and he and his brother experimented by giving electric", "title": "James Prescott Joule" }, { "id": "403768", "text": "electricity, and added several substances to Gilbert's list of electrics. He left a detailed account of his researches under the title of \"Experiments on the Origin of Electricity\". Boyle, in 1675, stated that electric attraction and repulsion can act across a vacuum. One of his important discoveries was that electrified bodies in a vacuum would attract light substances, this indicating that the electrical effect did not depend upon the air as a medium. He also added resin to the then known list of electrics. This was followed in 1660 by Otto von Guericke, who invented an early electrostatic generator. By", "title": "Scientific Revolution" }, { "id": "1424648", "text": "William Gilbert (astronomer) William Gilbert (; 24 May 1544 – 30 November 1603), also known as Gilberd, was an English physician, physicist and natural philosopher. He passionately rejected both the prevailing Aristotelian philosophy and the Scholastic method of university teaching. He is remembered today largely for his book \"De Magnete\" (1600), and is credited as one of the originators of the term \"electricity\". He is regarded by some as the father of electrical engineering or electricity and magnetism. A unit of magnetomotive force, also known as magnetic potential, was named the \"Gilbert\" in his honour. Gilbert was born in Colchester", "title": "William Gilbert (astronomer)" }, { "id": "19981043", "text": "in six volumes. Decades later, the dictionary was edited and re-issued in 11 volumes (1825–45); its editors being Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes, Leopold Gmelin, Johann Caspar Horner, Carl Ludwig Littrow, Christian Heinrich Pfaff and Georg Wilhelm Muncke. In 1783 he published a German translation of Tiberius Cavallo's \"A complete treatise on electricity\" as \"Vollständige Abhandlung der theoretischen und praktischen Lehre von der Electricität\". In 1796 his translation of Fourcroy's \"Philosophie chimique\" was published with the title \"Philosophie oder Grundwahrheiten der neuern Chemie\". Johann Samuel Traugott Gehler Johann Samuel Traugott Gehler (1 November 1751, in Görlitz – 16 October 1795, in Leipzig)", "title": "Johann Samuel Traugott Gehler" }, { "id": "1424666", "text": "Kepler, who shared Galileo’s admiration for Gilbert’s work, adopted it in his own attempt to extend the idea of magnetic attraction to the planets. William Gilbert (astronomer) William Gilbert (; 24 May 1544 – 30 November 1603), also known as Gilberd, was an English physician, physicist and natural philosopher. He passionately rejected both the prevailing Aristotelian philosophy and the Scholastic method of university teaching. He is remembered today largely for his book \"De Magnete\" (1600), and is credited as one of the originators of the term \"electricity\". He is regarded by some as the father of electrical engineering or electricity", "title": "William Gilbert (astronomer)" }, { "id": "46840", "text": "Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, humorist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As an inventor, he is known for the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, among other inventions. He founded many civic organizations, including the Library Company, Philadelphia's first fire department and the University of", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "8844600", "text": "all in their discoveries. In 1748, Kinnersley demonstrated that the electric fluid actually passed through water, and proved it by a trough ten feet long full of water. He also invented the \"magical picture\" referred to by the Abbé Nollet, and produced the ringing of chimes of bells. In 1751 he began delivering lectures on \"The Newly Discovered Electrical Fire\" — the first of the kind in America or Europe. His advertisement in the \"Pennsylvania Gazette\" of 11 April 1751, is as follows: \"Notice is hereby given to the Curious, that Wednesday next, Mr. Kinnersley proposes to begin a course", "title": "Ebenezer Kinnersley" }, { "id": "1611091", "text": "remainder of his life. In May 1755 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London, and published several papers on electrical subjects in the \"Phil. Trans.\". In 1759, King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, who had invited him to Turin, employed him to measure the degree of meridian arc in Piedmont. Beccaria did much, in the way both of experiment and exposition, to spread a knowledge of the electrical researches of Benjamin Franklin and others. His principal work was the treatise \"Dell’ Elettricismo Naturale ed Artificiale\" (1753), which was translated into English in 1776. Giovanni Battista Beccaria", "title": "Giovanni Battista Beccaria" }, { "id": "188884", "text": "of the earliest experiments with electricity and magnetism, establishing that the Earth itself is magnetic. In 1687, Isaac Newton published the \"Principia Mathematica\", detailing two comprehensive and successful physical theories: Newton's laws of motion, which led to classical mechanics; and Newton's Law of Gravitation, which describes the fundamental force of gravity. During the late 18th and early 19th century, the behavior of electricity and magnetism was studied by Luigi Galvani, Giovanni Aldini, Alessandro Volta, Michael Faraday, Georg Ohm, and others. These studies led to the unification of the two phenomena into a single theory of electromagnetism, by James Clerk Maxwell", "title": "History of science" }, { "id": "18904062", "text": "reported by Hopkinson. Franklin wondered if this discovery could be used in a practical invention. He thought something could be made to attract the electricity out of storm clouds, but first he had to verify that lightning bolts really are giant electric sparks. He wrote Collinson and Cadwallader Colden letters about this theory. The 1752, Franklin letter to Collinson of October 19 of the kite experiment is noted by historian LeMay as a basis how it proved that lightning was electricity. Tom Tucker of the Isothermal Community College doubts the account, however, because of ambiguities in the account and points", "title": "Franklin's electrostatic machine" }, { "id": "18898415", "text": "correction Franklin noted in the Forward was that Letters 1 and 2 had been transposed and he had corrected that. He added a letter that was important to him. It was a letter to Collinson dated March 28, 1747. Franklin had thanked him for the gift of the German \"electric tube\" with directions on how to use it to make electricity. He was much appreciative of this, so he made that particular one Letter #1. This then advanced the numbering sequence of the Letters by one from the first three editions. There were eleven editions of Experiments and Observations on", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "8268669", "text": "draw sparks from his body. The same writer states that a certain philosopher was able while dressing to draw sparks from his clothes, a result seemingly akin to that obtained by Robert Symmer in his silk stocking experiments, a careful account of which may be found in the 'Philosophical Transactions,' 1759. Italian physician Gerolamo Cardano wrote about electricity in \"De Subtilitate\" (1550) distinguishing, perhaps for the first time, between electrical and magnetic forces. Toward the late 16th century, a physician of Queen Elizabeth's time, Dr. William Gilbert, in \"De Magnete\", expanded on Cardano's work and invented the New Latin word", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "14181991", "text": "from 1741 to 1753, and relate to natural history, meteorology, and electricity, in which he made new experiments. He gave assistance to Thomas Birch in his edition (1744) of the works of Robert Boyle. Henry Miles Henry Miles, FRS (2 Jun 1698 – 10 Feb 1763) was an English Dissenting minister and scientific writer; a Fellow of the Royal Society known for experiments on electricity. He was born at Stroud, Gloucestershire, on 2 June 1698. He was educated for the dissenting ministry, probably in London. His first settlement was at Lower Tooting, Surrey, where he succeeded Francis Freeman (died 17", "title": "Henry Miles" }, { "id": "46898", "text": "Education of Youth in Pensilvania.\" He was appointed president of the Academy on November 13, 1749; the Academy and the Charity School opened on August 13, 1751. In 1743, Franklin founded the American Philosophical Society to help scientific men discuss their discoveries and theories. He began the electrical research that, along with other scientific inquiries, would occupy him for the rest of his life, in between bouts of politics and moneymaking. In 1747, Franklin (already a very wealthy man) retired from printing and went into other businesses. He created a partnership with his foreman, David Hall, which provided Franklin with", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "7637201", "text": "Thomas-François Dalibard Thomas-François Dalibard (born in Crannes-en-Champagne, France in 1709, died in 1778) was a French physicist. He first met U.S. scientist Benjamin Franklin in 1767 during one of Franklin's visits to France and it is said that they became friends. In 1750, Benjamin Franklin published a proposal for an experiment to determine if lightning was electricity. He proposed extending a conductor into a cloud that appeared to have the potential to become a thunderstorm. If electricity existed in the cloud, the conductor could be used to extract it. Dalibard, who at the suggestion of Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon,", "title": "Thomas-François Dalibard" }, { "id": "18904052", "text": "in Europe by 1740. In 1745, German cleric Ewald Georg von Kleist and Dutch scientist Pieter van Musschenbroek discovered independently that the electric charge from these machines could be stored in a Leyden jar, named after the city of Leiden in the Netherlands. In 1745, Peter Collinson, a businessman from London who corresponded with American and European scientists, donated a German \"glass tube\" along with instructions how to make static electricity, to Franklin's Library Company of Philadelphia. Collinson was the library's London agent and provided the latest technology news from Europe. Franklin wrote a letter to Collinson on March 28,", "title": "Franklin's electrostatic machine" }, { "id": "10842713", "text": "worked assiduously to establish his expertise in electricity, achieving a reputation sufficient to take part in a meeting with Tiberius Cavallo, William Nicholson and Volta in London in 1782. Bennet published \"New Experiments on Electricity\" in 1789. In it, he described: Bennet described experiments with an electrophorus and the generation of electricity by evaporation. Bennet extended his thinking into various theories about electricity and weather, with electrical explanations of the \"aurora borealis\" and meteors. He interpreted lightning as the release of electrical charge from clouds, and went on to hypothesise that rain was caused by lightning and also that earthquakes", "title": "Abraham Bennet" }, { "id": "7056200", "text": "Miletus observed that amber could be electrified when rubbed with a cloth and attract other objects and produce sparks. In 1671, Leibniz discovered that sparks were associated with electrical phenomena. In 1708, Samuel Wall performed experiments with amber rubbed with cloth to produce sparks. In 1752, Thomas-François Dalibard, acting on an experiment proposed by Benjamin Franklin, arranged for a retired French dragoon named Coiffier in the village of Marly to collect lightning in a Leyden jar thus proving that lightning and electricity were equivalent. In Franklin's famous kite experiment, he successfully extracted sparks from a cloud during a thunderstorm. Electric", "title": "Electric spark" }, { "id": "46875", "text": "for an experiment to prove that lightning is electricity by flying a kite in a storm that appeared capable of becoming a lightning storm. On May 10, 1752, Thomas-François Dalibard of France conducted Franklin's experiment using a iron rod instead of a kite, and he extracted electrical sparks from a cloud. On June 15 , 1752, Franklin may possibly have conducted his well-known kite experiment in Philadelphia, successfully extracting sparks from a cloud. Franklin described the experiment in the \"Pennsylvania Gazette\" on October 19, 1752, without mentioning that he himself had performed it. This account was read to the Royal", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "18904053", "text": "1747, thanking him, and saying the tube and instructions had motivated several colleagues and him to begin serious experiments with electricity. In 1746, Franklin began working on electrical experiments with Ebenezer Kinnersley after he bought all of Archibald Spencer's electrical equipment that he used in his lectures. Later, he was also associated with Thomas Hopkinson and Philip Syng in experimentation with electricity. In the summer of 1747 they had received an electrical system from Thomas Penn. While no records exists to tell exactly what parts were included in the system, historian J. A. Leo LeMay believes it was a combination", "title": "Franklin's electrostatic machine" }, { "id": "46879", "text": "(later the University of Pennsylvania) and the Pennsylvania State House (later Independence Hall) in 1752. Franklin had a major influence on the emerging science of demography, or population studies. Thomas Malthus is noted for his rule of population growth and credited Franklin for discovering it. Kammen (1990) and Drake (2011) say Franklin's \"Observations on the Increase of Mankind\" (1755) stands alongside Ezra Stiles' \"Discourse on Christian Union\" (1760) as the leading works of eighteenth-century Anglo-American demography; Drake credits Franklin's \"wide readership and prophetic insight.\" In the 1730s and 1740s, Franklin began taking notes on population growth, finding that the American", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "8268692", "text": "be the cause of thunder\". Among the more important of the electrical research and experiments during this period were those of Franz Aepinus, a noted German scholar (1724–1802) and Henry Cavendish of London, England. Franz Aepinus is credited as the first to conceive of the view of the reciprocal relationship of electricity and magnetism. In his work \"Tentamen Theoria Electricitatis et Magnetism\", published in Saint Petersburg in 1759, he gives the following amplification of Franklin's theory, which in some of its features is measurably in accord with present-day views: \"The particles of the electric fluid repel each other, attract and", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "6967095", "text": "to St. Elmo's Fire. This effect later became the basis of the gas-discharge lamp, which led to neon lighting and mercury vapor lamps. In 1706 he produced an 'Influence machine' to generate this effect. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. Hauksbee continued to experiment with electricity, making numerous observations and developing machines to generate and demonstrate various electrical phenomena. In 1709 he published \"Physico-Mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects\" which summarized much of his scientific work. Stephen Gray discovered the importance of insulators and conductors. C. F. du Fay seeing his work, developed a \"two-fluid\"", "title": "History of electrical engineering" }, { "id": "18904054", "text": "of an electricity generating machine, a Leyden jar, a glass tube, and a stool that was electrically insulated from the ground. This gave Franklin a complete system to experiment with generating and storing electricity. When amber, sulfur, or glass are rubbed with certain materials, they produce electrical effects. Franklin theorized this \"electrical fire\" was collected from this other material somehow, and not produced by the friction on the object. He decided to retire early from his printing business, still in his early forties, to spend more time studying electricity. In 1748, Franklin turned over his entire printing business to his", "title": "Franklin's electrostatic machine" }, { "id": "18898407", "text": "the Leyden jar had an accumulation of electrical fire, which he labeled as \"positive\" (\"plus\"), and the other side had a deficiency of electrical fire, labeled \"negative\" (\"minus\"). These losses and gains of electrification were exactly equal and are essentially the modern law of charge conservation except that it is now recognized that negative charges exist in their own right, not just as a deficiency of positive charges. It is an important principle in modern science that explains the microphysics of the electrification of gross bodies. In these letters, Franklin introduced technical words that we use today for things related", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "46915", "text": "declared a debt of gratitude to German scientist Otto von Guericke for his early studies of electricity. Franklin also co-authored the first treaty of friendship between Prussia and America in 1785. In September 1767, Franklin visited Paris with his usual traveling partner, Sir John Pringle. News of his electrical discoveries was widespread in France. His reputation meant that he was introduced to many influential scientists and politicians, and also to King Louis XV. One line of argument in Parliament was that Americans should pay a share of the costs of the French and Indian War, and that therefore taxes should", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "15349005", "text": "perusing the original manuscript, and hearing the several parts repeatedly explained and enlarged upon'. The complete manuscript came to this writer's attention only during the year 2012 and has not so far been published; as soon as it is, a reference will be placed on this Wikipedia article. In his Tower of London home Joseph left behind a number of experiments set up to establish the nature of light and of optics. Eleven years later friends published a volume based on as many of the experiments as they could. The volume, published over his name in 1775, was \"A Treatise", "title": "Joseph Harris (astronomer)" }, { "id": "403726", "text": "of divine works\". He explored the far-reaching and world-changing character of inventions, such as the printing press, gunpowder and the compass. Bacon first described the experimental method. William Gilbert was an early advocate of this method. He passionately rejected both the prevailing Aristotelian philosophy and the Scholastic method of university teaching. His book \"De Magnete\" was written in 1600, and he is regarded by some as the father of electricity and magnetism. In this work, he describes many of his experiments with his model Earth called the terrella. From these experiments, he concluded that the Earth was itself magnetic and", "title": "Scientific Revolution" }, { "id": "123577", "text": "the first electrostatic generator. Other European pioneers were Robert Boyle, who in 1675 stated that electric attraction and repulsion can act across a vacuum; Stephen Gray, who in 1729 classified materials as conductors and insulators. In 1733 Charles François de Cisternay du Fay, inspired by Gray's work, made a series of experiments (reported in \"Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences\"), showing that more or less all substances could be 'electrified' by rubbing, except for metals and fluids and proposed that electricity comes in two varieties that cancel each other, which he expressed in terms of a two-fluid theory. When glass", "title": "Electric charge" }, { "id": "12420628", "text": "of Salzburg, where he studied law and theology. In 1737 he completed his study in philosophy and theology with “excellence” and passed the legal exam with honours. Subsequently, he became a professor of philosophy at the University of Erfurt. Gordon soon acquired considerable reputation by his works on electricity, among which were \"Phaenomena electricitatis exposita\" (1744), \"Philosophia utilis et jucunda\" (1745) and \"Physicae experimentalis elementa\" (1751–52). For the sulphur ball of von Guericke (1671) and the glass globe of Isaac Newton (some say Hauksbee), Gordon substituted a glass cylinder which made an efficient frictional machine. Two other inventions in physics", "title": "Andrew Gordon (Benedictine)" }, { "id": "15498157", "text": "sufficient value to be republished in the \"Annales de Chimie et de Physique\" or in the \"Comptes Rendus\". The principal work of De la Rive was his \"Treatise on Electricity in Theory and Practice\" in three volumes published simultaneously in French and English. which appeared in the years 1854-58. De la Rive described his theory of the cause of the Aurora Borealis, first published as a memoir in 1854, and illustrated by the experiment, now familiar to physicists, of rotating the voltaic arc of light around the pole of a magnet as any other ponderable conductor would rotate. The \"Treatise", "title": "Auguste Arthur de la Rive" }, { "id": "722539", "text": "his patients, secured his appointment, in June 1777, as physician to the bodyguard of the comte d'Artois, Louis XVI's youngest brother who was to become king Charles X in 1824. The position paid 2,000 livres a year plus allowances. Marat was soon in great demand as a court doctor among the aristocracy and he used his new-found wealth to set up a laboratory in the marquise de l'Aubespine's house. Soon he was publishing works on fire and heat, electricity and light. He published, first, a summary of his scientific views and discoveries in \"Découvertes de M. Marat sur le feu,", "title": "Jean-Paul Marat" }, { "id": "20024106", "text": "introduced Franklin to the study of electricity through experimentation and was his mentor. Franklin then trained three of his associates on Spencer's Philadelphia electrical illustrations, Samuel Domjen in 1748, Ebenezer Kinnersley in 1749, and Lewis Evans in 1751. Spencer lived in and helped form Anne Arundel County, Maryland. He made investments when he lived in the county. One such investment, with a group of other businessmen, was a supply of tobacco that was kept at Howard's Point Warehouse in the county. It totally burned up in an accidental fire in October 1758. Spencer petitioned the Province of Maryland government on", "title": "Archibald Spencer" }, { "id": "46873", "text": "as positive and negative respectively, and he was the first to discover the principle of conservation of charge. In 1748 he constructed a multiple plate capacitor, that he called an \"electrical battery\" (not to be confused with Volta's pile) by placing eleven panes of glass sandwiched between lead plates, suspended with silk cords and connected by wires. In recognition of his work with electricity, Franklin received the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1753, and in 1756 he became one of the few 18th-century Americans elected as a Fellow of the Society. He received honorary degrees from Harvard and Yale universities", "title": "Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "16743905", "text": "Social contributions and studies by Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin made many social contributions both through his studies and by founding various institutions. In the 1730s and 1740s he began taking notes on population growth, finding that the American population had the fastest growth rates on earth. Emphasizing that population growth depended on food supplies—a line of thought later developed by Thomas Malthus—Franklin emphasized the abundance of food and available farmland in America. He calculated that America's population was doubling every twenty years and would surpass that of England in a century. In 1751, he drafted \"Observations concerning the Increase of", "title": "Social contributions and studies by Benjamin Franklin" }, { "id": "118191", "text": "Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for \"his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\". The", "title": "Electricity" }, { "id": "10830986", "text": "Observations on Man Observations on Man, his Frame, his Duty, and his Expectations is 18th-century British philosopher David Hartley's major work. Published in two parts in 1749 by Samuel Richardson, it puts forth Hartley's principal theories: the doctrine of vibrations and the doctrine of associations. The first part of the text deals with the frame of the human body and mind, and their mutual connections and influences, the second with the duty and expectations of mankind. Hartley's physical theory was drawn from certain speculations as to nervous action which Isaac Newton had published in his \"Principia\" (1687). Elements of Hartley's", "title": "Observations on Man" }, { "id": "13208778", "text": "Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc. Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc. is a short essay written in 1751 by Benjamin Franklin. It was circulated by Franklin in manuscript to his circle of friends, but in 1755 it was published as an addendum in a Boston pamphlet on another subject. It was reissued ten times during the next 15 years. The essay examines population growth and its limits. Writing as, at the time, a loyal subject of the British Empire, Franklin argues that the British should increase their population and power by", "title": "Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc." }, { "id": "16594682", "text": "her children: Herbert Walenn was a cellist and professor at the Royal Academy of Music; Charles Walenn was a singer; another son was an organist, and Gerald Walenn and a daughter were violinists. Two other children found their way into art professions, and a daughter, Isabella, married the designer Arthur Silver. Walenn was one of the earliest abridgers of specifications to the Patent Office, beginning under the then Comptroller, Mr. Woodcroft, for whom he compiled the Series of Abridgments relating to \"Electricity and Magnetism,\" \"Photography,\" and other subjects. In 1866, his book, \"Little Experiments for Little Chemists\", was published, and", "title": "William Henry Walenn" }, { "id": "5161953", "text": "William Watson (scientist) Sir William Watson, FRS (3 April 1715 – 10 May 1787) was an English physician and scientist who was born and died in London. His early work was in botany, and he helped to introduce the work of Carolus Linnaeus into England. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1741 and vice president in 1772. In 1746, he showed that the capacity of the Leyden jar could be increased by coating it inside and out with lead foil. In the same, year he proposed that the two types of electricity—vitreous and resinous—posited by DuFay were", "title": "William Watson (scientist)" }, { "id": "500076", "text": "radiation), and Henry Cavendish (who discovered hydrogen) all relied upon it. Priestley wrote a popular version of the \"History of Electricity\" for the general public titled \"A Familiar Introduction to the Study of Electricity\" (1768). He marketed the book with his brother Timothy, but unsuccessfully. Perhaps prompted by Mary Priestley's ill health, or financial problems, or a desire to prove himself to the community that had rejected him in his childhood, Priestley moved with his family from Warrington to Leeds in 1767, and he became Mill Hill Chapel's minister. Two sons were born to the Priestleys in Leeds: Joseph junior", "title": "Joseph Priestley" }, { "id": "4387114", "text": "to the public in curiosity shops. Many electric machines derived from the \"elekiteru\" were then invented, particularly by Sakuma Shōzan. Japan’s first electricity manual, by Hashimoto Soukichi (), published in 1811, describes electrical phenomena, such as experiments with electric generators, conductivity through the human body, and the 1750 experiments of Benjamin Franklin with lightning. In 1840, Udagawa Yōan published his , a compilation of scientific books in Dutch, which describes a wide range of scientific knowledge from the West. Most of the Dutch original material appears to be derived from William Henry’s 1799 \"Elements of Experimental Chemistry\". In particular, the", "title": "Rangaku" }, { "id": "20024109", "text": "at the age of 62 in Annapolis, Maryland, on January 13, 1760. Archibald Spencer Archibald Spencer (January 1, 1698 – January 13, 1760) was a businessman, scientist, doctor, clergyman, and lecturer. He is noted for introducing the phenomenon of electricity to Benjamin Franklin. Spencer was born on January 1, 1698, in Edinburgh, Scotland, with a given name of Adam which later changed to Archibald. Some writers on Benjamin Franklin's life have stated that Spencer was a medical doctor, and a male midwife and specialized in diseases of the eye. Historian Leo Lemay claims that there are no records that Spencer", "title": "Archibald Spencer" }, { "id": "8268688", "text": "of Franklin's historic kite experiment, the identity of the electricity developed by rubbing and by electrostatic machines (frictional electricity) with lightning had not been generally established. Dr. Wall, Abbot Nollet, Hauksbee, Stephen Gray and John Henry Winkler had indeed suggested the resemblance between the phenomena of \"electricity\" and \"lightning\", Gray having intimated that they only differed in degree. It was doubtless Franklin, however, who first proposed tests to determine the sameness of the phenomena. In a letter to Peter Comlinson of London, on 19 October 1752, Franklin, referring to his kite experiment, wrote, On 10 May 1742 Thomas-François Dalibard, at", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "16518801", "text": "Herschel Clifford Parker Herschel Clifford Parker (born Brooklyn, New York, 9 July 1867; died 1931) was a United States physicist and mountaineer. He graduated from the Columbia School of Mines in 1890, receiving a degree of Ph.B., and was connected with the faculty there in 1891-1911, filling the chair of physics for some time before his resignation. He wrote \"Systematic Treatise on Electrical Measurements\" (1897), and made many contributions to scientific periodicals. He was a member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the American Physical Society, the New York Academy of Sciences, and the Appalachian Mountain Club. He was", "title": "Herschel Clifford Parker" }, { "id": "19306603", "text": "Jacques de Romas Jacques de Romas (13 October 1713 – 21 January 1776) was a French physicist. He held a judiciary office in the présidial of his lifelong hometown of Nérac. As a hobbyist, he was a polymath scientist until specialising in electricity. He became known for physical experiments during thunderstorms and in 1750 proposed a connection between lightning and electricity when the chateau of Tampouy was hit by lightning strike. The same decade, Romas conducted the kite experiment that Benjamin Franklin proposed in 1750 in a letter to Peter Collinson, but that had not yet reached France. Raising a", "title": "Jacques de Romas" }, { "id": "19064951", "text": "Samuel Damian Samuel Damian (also spelled Samuil Domien), was an 18th century Romanian Orthodox priest from Transylvania who emigrated to North America. Damian's name first appears in 1748, when he placed an advertisement in the \"South Carolina Gazette\" announcing the electrical demonstrations he planned to give, and inviting the public to attend. Letters written in 1753 and 1755 by Benjamin Franklin attest to the fact that the two had met, and had carried on discussions in Latin concerning electricity. Before settling in Charleston, South Carolina, Damian spent time in Maryland, North Carolina and Virginia. After living for some years in", "title": "Samuel Damian" }, { "id": "984935", "text": "more on the subject. Cavendish wrote papers on electrical topics for the Royal Society but the bulk of his electrical experiments did not become known until they were collected and published by James Clerk Maxwell a century later, in 1879, long after other scientists had been credited with the same results. Cavendish's electrical papers from the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London have been reprinted, together with most of his electrical manuscripts, in \"The Scientific Papers of the Honourable Henry Cavendish, F.R.S.\" (1921). According to the 1911 edition of Encyclopædia Britannica, among Cavendish's discoveries were the concept of", "title": "Henry Cavendish" }, { "id": "8268680", "text": "friction and that neutralize each other when combined. This picture of electricity was also supported by Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein in his theoretical and experimental works. The two-fluid theory would later give rise to the concept of \"positive\" and \"negative\" electrical charges devised by Benjamin Franklin. The Leyden jar, a type of capacitor for electrical energy in large quantities, was invented independently by Ewald Georg von Kleist on 11 October 1744 and by Pieter van Musschenbroek in 1745—1746 at Leiden University (the latter location giving the device its name). William Watson, when experimenting with the Leyden jar, discovered in 1747 that", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "6967096", "text": "theory of electricity. In the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge, by coming up with the single fluid, two", "title": "History of electrical engineering" }, { "id": "3372058", "text": "Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval (June 8, 1851 – December 31, 1940) was a French physician, physicist, and inventor of the moving-coil D'Arsonval galvanometer and the thermocouple ammeter. D'Arsonval was an important contributor to the emerging field of electrophysiology, the study of the effects of electricity on biological organisms, in the nineteenth century. D'Arsonval was born in the Château de la Borie, in La Porcherie, Haute Vienne, France. He studied medicine in Limoges and Paris and obtained his medical degree in 1877. From 1873 to 1878 he was assistant to Claude Bernard, one of the founders of experimental physiology. After Bernard’s", "title": "Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval" }, { "id": "8844603", "text": "time that Franklin drew the electricity from the clouds. He then visited New York and lectured on the subject. In 1753, Kinnersley was elected chief master in the College of Philadelphia, and in 1755 he was appointed professor of English and oratory, holding the office until 1772, when, owing to failing health, he resigned. Kinnersley continued his experiments, invented an electrical thermometer, and proved that heat could be produced by electricity, which was not known before. In 1764, he published a syllabus of his lectures on electricity, a copy of which is in the Philadelphia Public Library. This pamphlet gave", "title": "Ebenezer Kinnersley" }, { "id": "18904059", "text": "All of the jars in the series could be charged simultaneously, which multiplied the electrical effect. A similar apparatus had been created earlier by Daniel Gralath. Franklin was the first to call the device an \"electrical battery\". At that time, the word \"battery\" was a military term for a group of cannons. Franklin was the first to use \"positive\" and \"negative\" as applied to electricity which is sometimes referred to as \"plus\" and \"minus\". Through his research, Franklin was among first to prove the electrical principal of conservation of charge in 1747: a similar discovery was made independently in 1746", "title": "Franklin's electrostatic machine" }, { "id": "8993228", "text": "Hans Christian Ørsted Hans Christian Ørsted (; ; often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 17779 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism. Oersted's law and the oersted (Oe) are named after him. A leader of the Danish Golden Age, Ørsted was a close friend of Hans Christian Andersen and the brother of politician and jurist Anders Sandøe Ørsted, who served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 1853 to 1854. Ørsted was born in Rudkøbing in 1777. As a young boy", "title": "Hans Christian Ørsted" }, { "id": "5085273", "text": "Appearance of the Electrical Fluid,\" (Memoirs Am. Acad. Vol. 1, 1785, pp. 257–259); and \"Observations on Electricity and an Improved Mode of Constructing Lightning Rods,\" (Memoirs, Vol. 2, pt. 2, 1804, pp. 96–104). The first paper was written in 1783, and the \"curious appearance\" described was produced by raising an electrical kite at the time of a thunder shower. The experiments, however, were tried in July, 1771. At that time the author mentions that there stood some lofty trees near his house, and also a shop near by it. His parents, family, and neighbors witnessed the \"electrical effect\" he succeeded", "title": "Loammi Baldwin" }, { "id": "10935334", "text": "them himself. In the process of replicating others' experiments, however, Priestley became intrigued by the still unanswered questions regarding electricity and was prompted to design and undertake his own experiments. Priestley possessed an electrical machine designed by Edward Nairne. With his brother Timothy he designed and constructed his own machines (see Timothy Priestley#Scientific apparatus). The first half of the 700-page book is a history of the study of electricity. It is parted into ten periods, starting with early experiments \"prior to those of Mr. Hawkesbee\", finishing with variable experiments and discoveries made after Franklin's own experiments. The book takes Franklin's", "title": "The History and Present State of Electricity" }, { "id": "13138201", "text": "used the pseudonym William Rogers (a likely reference to Roger Williams). The content of his books published prior to 1923 is now in the Public Domain. Nehemiah Hawkins Nehemiah Hawkins (1833 – January 15, 1928) was an American inventor, publisher and author (pen name Theodore Audel) was born in Providence, Rhode Island. He started working with the G&C Merriam Company of Springfield, MA. In Chicago he established a magazine called \"Steam\" — soon sold and incorporated into \"Power\" — then moved to New York. He was survived by a son and two daughters. He wrote (or commissioned and published under", "title": "Nehemiah Hawkins" }, { "id": "19072255", "text": "in 1747. The Royal Society, which spelled his name Winkler, published information about his electrical experiments in their \"Philosophical Transactions\". Johann Heinrich Winckler Johann Heinrich Winckler was a German scholar of wide interests. He is perhaps best remembered as a physicist. Winckler attended school in Lubań and went on to study in Leipzig. At the beginning of the 1730s he was a teacher (\"collega quartus\") at the Thomasschule in Leipzig. In 1732 he wrote the libretto of \"Froher Tag, verlangte Stunde\", a cantata to mark the renovation of the school. It was set to music by his colleague Johann Sebastian", "title": "Johann Heinrich Winckler" }, { "id": "6076844", "text": "Awards, awarded in 2010, were given by the Royal Society to the “unsung heroes of science, technology, engineering and mathematics.” Francis Hauksbee Francis Hauksbee the Elder FRS (1660–1713), also known as Francis Hawksbee, was an 18th-century English scientist best known for his work on electricity and electrostatic repulsion. Francis Hauksbee was the son of draper and common councillor Richard Hauksbee and his wife Mary. He was baptized on 27 May 1660 in the parish of St Mary-at-the-Walls, Colchester. He was the fifth of five sons. In 1673 Hauksbee entered Colchester Royal Grammar School. From 1678 to at least 1685 he", "title": "Francis Hauksbee" } ]

[ "19th century" ]

[ { "id": "52531", "text": "British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered , of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political,", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "12588953", "text": "world. After losing its first Empire to the Americans, Britain then turned its attention towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. Following the defeat of Napoleonic France in 1815, Britain enjoyed a century of almost unchallenged dominance and expanded its imperial holdings around the globe. Increasing degrees of internal autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies in the 20th century. A resurgence came in the late 19th century, with the Scramble for Africa and major additions in Asia and the Middle East. Leadership in British imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil", "title": "Historiography of the British Empire" }, { "id": "52534", "text": "soon turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century. Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as \"Pax Britannica\" (\"British Peace\"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; so that by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851, the country was described", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "3343068", "text": "was the period of Queen Victoria's rule between 1837 and 1901 which signified the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. Scholars debate whether the Victorian period—as defined by a variety of sensibilities and political concerns that have come to be associated with the Victorians—actually begins with the passage of the Reform Act 1832. The era was preceded by the Regency era and succeeded by the Edwardian period. Victoria became queen in 1837 at age 18. Her long reign saw Britain reach the zenith of its economic and political power, with the introduction of", "title": "History of the British Isles" }, { "id": "52532", "text": "legal, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, the phrase \"the empire on which the sun never sets\" was often used to describe the British Empire, because its expanse around the globe meant that the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories. During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "20478343", "text": "Economy of the British Empire After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), the British Empire emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century. Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as \"Pax Britannica\" (\"British Peace\"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the \"workshop", "title": "Economy of the British Empire" }, { "id": "20478345", "text": "Economy of the British Empire After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), the British Empire emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century. Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as \"Pax Britannica\" (\"British Peace\"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the \"workshop", "title": "Economy of the British Empire" }, { "id": "52536", "text": "of imperial expansion in Egypt, South Africa, and elsewhere. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand became self-governing dominions. By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States had begun to challenge Britain's economic lead. Subsequent military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily upon its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on the military, financial and manpower resources of Britain. Although the British Empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after World War I, Britain was no longer the world's pre-eminent industrial or military power.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "13738911", "text": "20th-century events The 20th-century events include many notable events which occurred throughout the 20th century, which began on January 1, 1901, and ended on December 31, 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar. In Europe, the British Empire achieved the height of its power. Germany and Italy, which came into existence as unified nations in the second half of the 19th century, grew in power, challenging the traditional hegemony of Britain and France. With nationalism in full force at this time, the European powers competed with each other for land, military strength and economic power. On the very first day of", "title": "20th-century events" }, { "id": "1345375", "text": "and political concerns that have come to be associated with the Victorians—actually begins with the passage of the Reform Act 1832. The era was preceded by the Regency era and succeeded by the Edwardian period. Victoria became queen in 1837 at age 18. Her long reign saw Britain reach the zenith of its economic and political power, with the introduction of steam ships, railroads, photography, and the telegraph. Britain again remained mostly inactive in Continental politics. After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), the UK emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the", "title": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" }, { "id": "52533", "text": "their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain, the dominant colonial power in North America. It then became the dominant power in the Indian subcontinent after the East India Company's conquest of Mughal Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757. The independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "201360", "text": "its attention towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. Following the defeat of Napoleonic France in 1815, Britain enjoyed a century of almost unchallenged dominance and expanded its imperial holdings around the globe. Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as \"Pax Britannica\" (\"British Peace\"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the \"workshop", "title": "Imperialism" }, { "id": "52535", "text": "as the \"workshop of the world\". The British Empire expanded to include most of India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its own colonies, its dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. During the 19th century, Britain's population increased at a dramatic rate, accompanied by rapid urbanisation, which caused significant social and economic stresses. To seek new markets and sources of raw materials, the British government under Benjamin Disraeli initiated a period", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "19682346", "text": "Britain and France declared war; the British Commonwealth followed London's lead. The British built up a very large worldwide British Empire, which peaked in size in 1922, after more than half a century of unchallenged global supremacy. The cumulative costs of fighting two world wars, however, placed a heavy burden upon the UK economy, and after 1945 the British Empire gradually began to disintegrate, with many territories granted independence. By the mid-to-late 1950s, the UK's status as a superpower had been largely diminished by the rise of the United States and the Soviet Union. Many former colonial territories joined the", "title": "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "52577", "text": "India Act 1858, establishing the British Raj, where an appointed governor-general administered India and Queen Victoria was crowned the Empress of India. India became the empire's most valuable possession, \"the Jewel in the Crown\", and was the most important source of Britain's strength. A series of serious crop failures in the late 19th century led to widespread famines on the subcontinent in which it is estimated that over 15 million people died. The East India Company had failed to implement any coordinated policy to deal with the famines during its period of rule. Later, under direct British rule, commissions were", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "52592", "text": "right. The countries continue to commemorate this occasion on Anzac Day. Canadians viewed the Battle of Vimy Ridge in a similar light. The important contribution of the Dominions to the war effort was recognised in 1917 by the British Prime Minister David Lloyd George when he invited each of the Dominion Prime Ministers to join an Imperial War Cabinet to co-ordinate imperial policy. Under the terms of the concluding Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919, the empire reached its greatest extent with the addition of and 13 million new subjects. The colonies of Germany and the Ottoman Empire were distributed", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "52572", "text": "the East India Company, though these exclusions were later repealed). Under the Act, slaves were granted full emancipation after a period of four to six years of \"apprenticeship\". The British government compensated slave-owners. Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's \"imperial century\" by some historians, around of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleon left Britain without any serious international rival, other than Russia in Central Asia. Unchallenged at sea, Britain adopted the role of global policeman, a state of affairs later known as the \"Pax Britannica\", and a", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "164866", "text": "the Renaissance. Both the Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire quickly grew into the first global political and economic systems with territories spread around the world. Subsequent major European colonial empires included the French, Dutch, and British empires. The latter, consolidated during the period of British maritime hegemony in the 19th century, became the largest empire in history because of the improved ocean transportation technologies of the time as well as electronic communication through the telegraph, cable, and radio. At its height in 1920, the British Empire covered a quarter of the Earth's land area and comprised a quarter of its", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "id": "52573", "text": "foreign policy of \"splendid isolation\". Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, Britain's dominant position in world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many countries, such as China, Argentina and Siam, which has been described by some historians as an \"Informal Empire\". British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, called the All Red Line. The East India", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "432705", "text": "when Britain was at the height of its power, serving terms as both Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister. He became controversial at the time, and remains so today, for his aggressive bullying and his \"liberal interventionist\" policies. He was intensely patriotic; he used the Royal Navy to undermine the Atlantic slave trade. Disraeli and Gladstone dominated the politics of the late 19th century, Britain's golden age of parliamentary government. They long were idolized, but historians in recent decades have become much more critical, especially regarding Disraeli. Benjamin Disraeli (1804–1881), prime minister 1868 and 1874–80, remains an iconic hero of the", "title": "History of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "12589044", "text": "that caused widespread distrust of imperialism: British historians of the Second World War have not emphasized the critical role played by the Empire in terms of money, manpower and imports of food and raw materials. In terms of actual engagement with the enemy, there was a great deal in South Asia and Southeast Asia, as recalled by Ashley Jackson: Historians continue to debate when the Empire reached its peak. At one end, the insecurities of the 1880s and 1890s are mentioned, especially the industrial rise of the United States and Germany. The Second Boer War in South Africa, 1899-1902 angered", "title": "Historiography of the British Empire" }, { "id": "201363", "text": "The British Empire was the largest Empire that the world has ever seen both in terms of landmass and population. Its power, both military and economic, remained unmatched. After the First Boer War, the South African Republic and Orange Free State were recognized by Britain but eventually re-annexed after the Second Boer War. World War II had weakened Britain's position in the world, especially financially. Decolonization movements proliferated throughout the Cold War, resulting in Indian independence and the establishment of independent states throughout Africa. British imperialism continued for a few years, notably with its involvement in the Iranian coup d'état", "title": "Imperialism" }, { "id": "432682", "text": "1833. The government purchased the slaves for £20,000,000 (the money went to rich plantation owners who mostly lived in England), and freed the slaves, especially those in the Caribbean sugar islands. Prime Ministers of the period included: William Pitt the Younger, Lord Grenville, Duke of Portland, Spencer Perceval, Lord Liverpool, George Canning, Lord Goderich, Duke of Wellington, Lord Grey, Lord Melbourne, and Sir Robert Peel. Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 at age 18. Her long reign until 1901 saw Britain reach the zenith of its economic and political power. Exciting new technologies such as steam ships, railroads, photography, and", "title": "History of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "429129", "text": "\"Pax Britannica\" (\"British Peace\"), a period of relative peace among the Great Powers (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. By the time of the Great Exhibition of 1851, Britain was described as the \"workshop of the world\". The British Empire was expanded to include India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, British dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America.", "title": "United Kingdom" }, { "id": "1380687", "text": "at Culloden in 1746. In 1763, victory in the Seven Years' War led to the dominance of the British Empire, which was to become the foremost global power for over a century and slowly grew to become the largest empire in history. The Kingdom of Great Britain was replaced by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801 with the Acts of Union 1800. The name \"Britain\" descends from the Latin name for the island of Great Britain, \"Britannia\" or \"Brittānia\", the land of the Britons via the Old French \"Bretaigne\" (whence also Modern French \"Bretagne\")", "title": "Kingdom of Great Britain" }, { "id": "52557", "text": "French throne and Spain lost its empire in Europe. The British Empire was territorially enlarged: from France, Britain gained Newfoundland and Acadia, and from Spain, Gibraltar and Menorca. Gibraltar became a critical naval base and allowed Britain to control the Atlantic entry and exit point to the Mediterranean. Spain also ceded the rights to the lucrative \"asiento\" (permission to sell slaves in Spanish America) to Britain. During the middle decades of the 18th century, there were several outbreaks of military conflict on the Indian subcontinent, the Carnatic Wars, as the English East India Company (often known simply as \"the Company\")", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "131662", "text": "later Africa, with subsequent exploration leading to the rise of the Second British Empire (1783–1815), which was followed by the Industrial Revolution and Britain's Imperial Century (1815–1914). It became the largest empire in world history, encompassing one quarter of the world's land area and one fifth of its population. The impacts of this period are still prominent in the current age \"including widespread use of the English language, belief in Protestant religion, economic globalization, modern precepts of law and order, and representative democracy.\" The term “American Empire” refers to the United States’ cultural ideologies and foreign policy strategies. The term", "title": "Empire" }, { "id": "432643", "text": "1730–42. He built up the First British Empire, strengthening the colonies in the Caribbean and North America. In coalition with the rising power Prussia, the United Kingdom defeated France in the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), and won full control of Canada. George III (1760–1820) never visited Hanover, and spoke English as his first language. Reviled by Americans as a tyrant and the instigator of the American War of Independence, he was insane off and on after 1788, and his eldest son served as regent. He was the last king to dominate government and politics, and his long reign is noted", "title": "History of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "1345374", "text": "enlarge the suffrage to reach the working man. He was intensely moralistic and distrusted the integrity of his opponents. He loathed the aristocracy that continued to rule Britain. He held a few minor cabinet positions, but his reputation rests on his organising skills and his rhetorical leadership for reform. Historian A. J. P. Taylor has summarized Bright's achievements: The Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's rule between 1837 and 1901 which signified the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. Scholars debate whether the Victorian period—as defined by a variety of sensibilities", "title": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" }, { "id": "433151", "text": "as an active participant in the Cold War against Communism, especially as a founding member of NATO. The British had built up a very large worldwide British Empire, which peaked in size in 1922, after more than half a century of unchallenged global supremacy. The cumulative costs of fighting two world wars, however, placed a heavy burden upon the UK economy, and after 1945 the British Empire gradually began to disintegrate, with many territories granted independence. By the mid-to-late 1950s, the UK's status as a superpower had been largely diminished by the rise of the United States and the Soviet", "title": "Foreign relations of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "432644", "text": "for losing the first British Empire in the American Revolutionary War (1783), as France sought revenge for its defeat in the Seven Years' War by aiding the Americans. The reign was notable for the building of a second empire based in India, Asia and Africa, the beginnings of the industrial revolution that made Britain an economic powerhouse, and above all the life and death struggle with the French, in the French Revolutionary Wars 1793–1802, which ended inconclusively with a short truce, and the epic Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), which ended with the decisive defeat of Napoleon. Entrepreneurs gradually extended the range", "title": "History of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "1345338", "text": "and shipbuilding. The second British Empire, founded after the loss of the 13 American colonies in the 1770s, was dramatically expanded in India, other parts of Asia, and Africa. There was little friction with other colonial powers until the 1890s. British foreign policy avoided entangling alliances. Britain from the 1820s to the 1860s experienced a turbulent and exciting “age of reform”. The century started with 15 years of war against France, ending in Wellington's triumph against Napoleon in 1815 at Waterloo. There followed 15 difficult years, in which the Tory Party, representing a small, rich landed aristocracy that was fearful", "title": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" }, { "id": "1345318", "text": "the mid-19th century. The Great Irish Famine, exacerbated by government inaction in the mid-19th century, led to demographic collapse in much of Ireland and increased calls for Irish land reform. The 19th century was an era of rapid economic modernization and growth of industry, trade, and finance, in which Britain largely dominated the world economy. Outward migration was heavy to the principal British overseas possessions and to the United States. The Empire was expanded into most parts of Africa and much of South Asia. The Colonial Office and India Office ruled through a small number of administrators who managed the", "title": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" }, { "id": "12589045", "text": "an influential element of Liberal thought in England, and deprived imperialism of much moral support. Most historians agree that by 1918, at the end of the First World War, permanent long-term decline was inevitable. The dominions largely had freed themselves and began their own foreign and military policies. Worldwide investments had been cashed in to pay for the war, and the British economy was in the doldrums after 1918. A new spirit of nationalism appeared in many of the colonies, most dramatically in India. All historians agree that by the Second World War 1939-45, Britain was no longer a superpower,", "title": "Historiography of the British Empire" }, { "id": "52562", "text": "such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the \"first\" and \"second\" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Adam Smith's \"Wealth of Nations\", published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "52605", "text": "Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America. Though Britain and the empire emerged victorious from the Second World War, the effects of the conflict were profound, both at home and abroad. Much of Europe, a continent that had dominated the world for several centuries, was in ruins, and host to the armies of the United States and the Soviet Union, who now held the balance of global power. Britain was left essentially bankrupt, with insolvency only averted in 1946 after the negotiation of a $US 4.33 billion loan from the United States, the last instalment of which was", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "432634", "text": "First British Empire. With the defeat by the United States, France and Spain in the War of American Independence, Britain lost its 13 American colonies and rebuilt a Second British Empire based in Asia and Africa. As a result, British culture, and its technological, political, constitutional, and linguistic influence, became worldwide. Politically, the central event was the French Revolution and its Napoleonic aftermath from 1793 to 1815, which British elites saw as a profound threat, and worked energetically to form multiple coalitions that finally defeated Napoleon in 1815. The Tories, who came to power in 1783, remained in power (with", "title": "History of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "4157916", "text": "and the Ottoman Empire were distributed to the Allied powers (and to Australia, New Zealand and South Africa) as League of Nations mandates, with the United Kingdom at least gaining control of Palestine and Transjordan, Iraq, parts of Cameroon and Togo, and Tanganyika. Indeed, the British Empire reached its territorial peak after the settlement. History of the United Kingdom during the First World War The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was one of the Allied Powers during the First World War of 1914–1918, fighting against the Central Powers (the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and", "title": "History of the United Kingdom during the First World War" }, { "id": "52629", "text": "United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. Decades, and in some cases centuries, of British rule and emigration have left their mark on the independent nations that arose from the British Empire. The empire established the use of English in regions around the world. Today it is the primary language of up to 460 million people and is spoken by about one and a half billion as a first, second or foreign language. The", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "177535", "text": "epoch in English history of Queen Elizabeth I's reign (1558–1603). Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. The symbol of Britannia was first used in 1572 and often thereafter to mark the Elizabethan age as a renaissance that inspired national pride through classical ideals, international expansion, and naval triumph over the hated Spanish foe. In terms of the entire century, the historian John Guy (1988) argues that \"England was economically healthier, more expansive, and more optimistic under the Tudors\" than at any time in a thousand years. This \"golden age\" represented the apogee of the English", "title": "History of England" }, { "id": "2315418", "text": "powers recognized at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British Empire emerged as the pre-eminent power, due to its navy and the extent of its territories, which signalled the beginning of the \"Pax Britannica\" and of the Great Game between the UK and Russia. The balance of power between the Great Powers became a major influence in European politics, prompting Otto von Bismarck to say \"All politics", "title": "Great power" }, { "id": "52578", "text": "set up after each famine to investigate the causes and implement new policies, which took until the early 1900s to have an effect. During the 19th century, Britain and the Russian Empire vied to fill the power vacuums that had been left by the declining Ottoman Empire, Qajar dynasty and Qing Dynasty. This rivalry in Central Asia came to be known as the \"Great Game\". As far as Britain was concerned, defeats inflicted by Russia on Persia and Turkey demonstrated its imperial ambitions and capabilities and stoked fears in Britain of an overland invasion of India. In 1839, Britain moved", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "13831162", "text": "to an end before the rise of France and Britain. The British beat the Dutch out of North America, British capitalism emerged competing undermining the Netherlands. Under Louis XIV of France, 200,000 French troops overran the Netherlands, wars devastated and the Netherlands lost its golden age. France emerged to build its first global strength in the seventeenth century through the conquest of the central plains of North America but failed in the Seven Years' War, causing France to be expelled by the British colonies. By the time Napoleon came to power in 1799, France attempted to conquer Europe, making a", "title": "Global empire" }, { "id": "12588954", "text": "Rhodes. Other influential spokesmen included Lord Cromer, Lord Curzon, General Kitchner, Lord Milner, and the writer Rudyard Kipling. They all were influenced by Seeley's \"Expansion of England\". The British Empire was the largest Empire that the world has ever seen both in terms of landmass and population. Its power, both military and economic, remained unmatched in 1900. In 1876 Disraeli overcame vehement Liberal opposition and obtained for Queen Victoria the title of \"Empress of India\" (she was not \"Empress of the British Empire.\") British historians focused on the diplomatic, military and administrative aspects of the Empire before the 1960s. They", "title": "Historiography of the British Empire" }, { "id": "7729397", "text": "shop was famously referred to as \"The Jungle.\" Two forces in the nineteenth century came together to make Rowland Ward Ltd. an international powerhouse of taxidermy and book publishing: the global reach of the British Empire and the Industrial Revolution. The British Empire was composed of dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories that were ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. At its height, the British Empire was the largest in history and, for over a century it was the foremost global power. Its apex occurred during the lifetime of James Rowland Ward. At the end of World War", "title": "Rowland Ward" }, { "id": "641434", "text": "market and concomitant dominance of world trade. In France, King Louis XIV (1638–1715) and (Emperor) Napoleon I (1799–1815) attempted French true hegemony via economic, cultural and military domination of most of Continental Europe. However, Jeremy Black writes that, because of Britain, France \"was unable to enjoy the benefits\" of this hegemony. After the defeat and exile of Napoleon, hegemony largely passed to the British Empire, which became the largest empire in history, with Queen Victoria (1837–1901) ruling over one-quarter of the world's land and population at its zenith. Like the Dutch, the British Empire was primarily seaborne; many British possessions", "title": "Hegemony" }, { "id": "4828557", "text": "40,000 men. By the end of the period, the army had been through a series of structural, recruitment, tactical and training reforms and its manpower had vastly increased. At its peak, in 1813, the regular army contained over 250,000 men. The British infantry was \"the only military force not to suffer a major reverse at the hands of Napoleonic France.\" During the long reign of Queen Victoria, British society underwent great changes such as industrialisation and the enactment of liberal reforms within Britain. The period was also marked by the steady expansion and consolidation of the British Empire. The role", "title": "History of the British Army" }, { "id": "19698350", "text": "to the 1994 edition, Skidelsky argues that recent experience of currency crises and capital flight make it hard to be so critical of the politicians who wanted to achieve stability by cutting labour costs and defending the value of the currency. After taking over the League of Nations mandates on certain German and Ottoman territories in 1919, the British Empire reached its territorial peak. The interwar years saw extensive efforts for economic and educational development of the colonies. The Dominions were prosperous and largely took care of themselves. By far the most troublesome areas for London were India and Palestine.", "title": "Interwar Britain" }, { "id": "177443", "text": "Parliamentary republic known as the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653), then a military dictatorship under Oliver Cromwell known as The Protectorate (1653–1659). The Stuarts returned to the restored throne in 1660, though continued questions over religion and power resulted in the deposition of another Stuart king, James II, in the Glorious Revolution (1688). England, which had conquered Wales in the 13th century, united with Scotland in 1707 to form a new sovereign state called Great Britain. Following the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain ruled a colonial Empire, the largest in recorded history. Following a process of decolonisation in the 20th century, mainly", "title": "History of England" }, { "id": "52560", "text": "power effectively ended with the recognition of British claims to Rupert's Land, and the ceding of New France to Britain (leaving a sizeable French-speaking population under British control) and Louisiana to Spain. Spain ceded Florida to Britain. Along with its victory over France in India, the Seven Years' War therefore left Britain as the world's most powerful maritime power. During the 1760s and early 1770s, relations between the Thirteen Colonies and Britain became increasingly strained, primarily because of resentment of the British Parliament's attempts to govern and tax American colonists without their consent. This was summarised at the time by", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "52541", "text": "use the term \"British Empire\") were beginning to press for the establishment of England's own empire. By this time, Spain had become the dominant power in the Americas and was exploring the Pacific Ocean, Portugal had established trading posts and forts from the coasts of Africa and Brazil to China, and France had begun to settle the Saint Lawrence River area, later to become New France. Although England trailed behind other European powers in establishing overseas colonies, it had been engaged during the 16th century in the settlement of Ireland with Protestants from England and Scotland, drawing on precedents dating", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "432635", "text": "a short interruption) until 1830. Forces of reform, often emanating from the Evangelical religious elements, opened decades of political reform that broadened the ballot, and opened the economy to free trade. The outstanding political leaders of the 19th century included Palmerston, Disraeli, Gladstone, and Salisbury. Culturally the Victorian era (Queen Victoria reigned 1837–1901) was a time of prosperity and dominant middle-class virtues when Britain dominated the world economy and maintained a generally peaceful century, 1815–1914. The First World War (1914–1918), in alliance with France, Russia and the United States, was a furious but ultimately successful total war with Germany. The", "title": "History of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "12588961", "text": "metals accords with current ideas regarding the money supply, such as the stimulative effect of a growing money supply. In England, mercantilism reached its peak during the Long Parliament government (1640–1660). Mercantilist policies were also embraced throughout much of the Tudor and Stuart periods, with Robert Walpole being another major proponent. In Britain, government control over the domestic economy was far less extensive than on the Continent, limited by common law and the steadily increasing power of Parliament. Government-controlled monopolies were common, especially before the English Civil War, but were often controversial. With respect to its colonies, British mercantilism meant", "title": "Historiography of the British Empire" }, { "id": "12842187", "text": "British Empire in World War II When the United Kingdom declared war on Nazi Germany at the outset of World War II it controlled to varying degrees numerous crown colonies, protectorates and the Indian Empire. It also maintained unique political ties to four semi-independent Dominions—Australia, Canada, South Africa, and New Zealand—as part of the Commonwealth. In 1939 the British Commonwealth was a global superpower, with direct or de facto political and economic control of 25% of the world's population, and 30% of its land mass. The contribution of the British Empire and Commonwealth in terms of manpower and materiel was", "title": "British Empire in World War II" }, { "id": "131657", "text": "to the collapse of the European colonial imperial system in the late 19th century and the early and mid-20th century. Portuguese discovery of Newfoundland in the New World gave way to many expeditions led by England (later Britain), Spain, France, and the Dutch Republic. In the 18th century, the Spanish Empire was at its height because of the great mass of goods taken from conquered territory in the Americas (nowadays Mexico, parts of the United States, the Caribbean, most of Central America, and South America) and the Philippines. The French emperors Napoleon I and Napoleon III (See: Premier Empire, Second", "title": "Empire" }, { "id": "589657", "text": "avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration. Her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than that of any of her predecessors and is known as the Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire. She was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover. Her son and successor,", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "id": "574867", "text": "Elizabethan era The Elizabethan era is the epoch in the Tudor period of the history of England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603). Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. The symbol of Britannia (a female personification of Great Britain) was first used in 1572, and often thereafter, to mark the Elizabethan age as a renaissance that inspired national pride through classical ideals, international expansion, and naval triumph over the Spanish – at the time, a rival kingdom much hated by the people of the land. In terms of the entire century, the historian", "title": "Elizabethan era" }, { "id": "14834197", "text": "the way for the growing influence of the British Empire, the Russian Empire, the United States, the German Empire (essentially replacing the Holy Roman Empire), the French colonial empire and Meiji Japan, with the British boasting unchallenged dominance after 1815. After the defeat of the French Empire and its allies in the Napoleonic Wars, the British and Russian empires expanded greatly, becoming the world's leading powers. The Russian Empire expanded in central and far eastern Asia. The British Empire grew rapidly in the first half of the century, especially with the expansion of vast territories in Canada, Australia, South Africa", "title": "19th century" }, { "id": "12588965", "text": "that trade was a zero-sum game with one country's gain equivalent to a loss sustained by the trading partner. Whatever the theoretical weaknesses exposed by economists after Adam Smith, it was under mercantilist policies before the 1840s that Britain became the world's dominant trader, and the global hegemon. Mercantilism in Britain ended when Parliament repealed the Navigation Acts and Corn Laws by 1846. Scholars agree that Britain gradually dropped mercantilism after 1815. Free trade, with no tariffs and few restrictions, was the prevailing doctrine from the 1840s to the 1930s. John Darwin has explored the way historians have explained the", "title": "Historiography of the British Empire" }, { "id": "450321", "text": "of the established Church of England. Britain's relations with the other Great Powers were driven by the colonial antagonism of the Great Game with Russia, climaxing during the Crimean War; a \"Pax Britannica\" of international free trade was maintained by the country's naval and industrial supremacy. Britain embarked on global imperial expansion, particularly in Asia and Africa, which made the British Empire the largest empire in history. National self-confidence peaked. Ideologically, the Victorian era witnessed resistance to the rationalism that defined the Georgian period and an increasing turn towards romanticism and even mysticism with regard to religion, social values, and", "title": "Victorian era" }, { "id": "1345376", "text": "19th century (with London the largest city in the world from about 1830). Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as \"Pax Britannica\" (\"British Peace\"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914). By the time of the Great Exhibition of 1851, Britain was described as the \"workshop of the world\". Using the imperial tools of free trade and financial investment, it exerted major influence on many countries outside Europe and the empire, especially in Latin America and Asia. Thus Britain had both a formal Empire based on British rule as well as an informal one", "title": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" }, { "id": "52544", "text": "attention shifted from preying on other nations' colonial infrastructures to the business of establishing its own overseas colonies. The British Empire began to take shape during the early 17th century, with the English settlement of North America and the smaller islands of the Caribbean, and the establishment of joint-stock companies, most notably the East India Company, to administer colonies and overseas trade. This period, until the loss of the Thirteen Colonies after the American War of Independence towards the end of the 18th century, has subsequently been referred to by some historians as the \"First British Empire\". The Caribbean initially", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "432692", "text": "in the Americans' favour. In 1867, Britain united most of its North American colonies as the Dominion of Canada, giving it self-government and responsibility for its internal affairs. Britain handled foreign policy and defence. The second half of the 19th century saw a major expansion of Britain's colonial empire in Asia and Africa as well as the Pacific . In the \"Scramble for Africa\", the boast was having the Union Jack flying from \"Cairo to Cape Town.\" Britain defended its empire with the world's dominant navy, and a small professional army. It was the only power in Europe to have", "title": "History of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "12588946", "text": "is that Imperial history is \"therefore less important than was formerly believed\". Historians agree that the Empire was not planned by anyone. The concept of the British Empire is a construct and was never a legal entity, unlike the Roman or other European empires. There was no imperial constitution, no office of emperor, no uniformity of laws. So when it began, when it ended, and what stages it went through is a matter of opinion, not official orders or laws. The dividing line was Britain's shift in the 1763–93 period from emphasis on western to eastern territories following U.S. independence.", "title": "Historiography of the British Empire" }, { "id": "16043156", "text": "invented the railway system and built much of the equipment used by other nations. As well it was a leader in international and domestic banking, entrepreneurship, and trade. It built a global British Empire. After 1840, it abandoned mercantilism and practised \"free trade,\" with no tariffs or quotas or restrictions. The powerful Royal Navy protected its global holdings, while its legal system provided a system for resolving disputes inexpensively. Between 1870 and 1900, economic output per head of population in Britain and Ireland rose by 500 percent, generating a significant rise in living standards. However, from the late 19th century", "title": "Economic history of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "52570", "text": "by Napoleon in 1810. France was finally defeated by a coalition of European armies in 1815. Britain was again the beneficiary of peace treaties: France ceded the Ionian Islands, Malta (which it had occupied in 1797 and 1798 respectively), Mauritius, Saint Lucia, and Tobago; Spain ceded Trinidad; the Netherlands Guyana, and the Cape Colony. Britain returned Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and Réunion to France, and Java and Suriname to the Netherlands, while gaining control of Ceylon (1795–1815). With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, goods produced by slavery became less important to the British economy. Added to this was the", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "432637", "text": "1942, but finally crushed Germany, Italy and Japan. Britain was no longer a military or economic superpower, as seen in the Suez Crisis of 1956. Britain no longer had the wealth to maintain an empire, so it granted independence to almost all its possessions. The new states typically joined the Commonwealth of Nations. Postwar years saw great hardships, alleviated somewhat by large-scale financial aid from the United States, and some from Canada. Prosperity returned in the 1950s. Meanwhile, in 1945–50 the Labour Party built a welfare state, nationalized many industries, and created the National Health Service. The UK took a", "title": "History of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "433141", "text": "Foreign relations of the United Kingdom The diplomatic foreign relations of the United Kingdom are conducted by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, headed by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. The Prime Minister and numerous other agencies play a role in setting policy, and many institutions and businesses have a voice and a role. Britain was the world's foremost power during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, most notably during the so-called \"Pax Britannica\"a period of totally unrivaled supremacy and unprecedented international peace during the mid-to-late 1800s. The country continued to be widely considered a 'superpower'", "title": "Foreign relations of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "13739008", "text": "and sign the Kyoto treaty, which set mandatory limits on carbon dioxide emissions. The celebration of the ending of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century was at New Year's Day, 2000. 20th-century events The 20th-century events include many notable events which occurred throughout the 20th century, which began on January 1, 1901, and ended on December 31, 2000, according to the Gregorian calendar. In Europe, the British Empire achieved the height of its power. Germany and Italy, which came into existence as unified nations in the second half of the 19th century, grew in power, challenging", "title": "20th-century events" }, { "id": "52590", "text": "were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and German Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoman Empire, which had joined the war on Germany's side, were secretly drawn up by Britain and France under the 1916 Sykes–Picot Agreement. This agreement was not divulged to the Sharif of Mecca, who the British had been encouraging to launch an Arab revolt against their Ottoman rulers, giving the impression that Britain was", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "429110", "text": "mass and was the largest empire in history. British influence can be observed in the language, culture and political systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a developed country and has the world's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It has a high-income economy and has a very high Human Development Index rating, ranking 14th in the world. It was the world's first industrialised country and the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The UK remains a great power, with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and", "title": "United Kingdom" }, { "id": "52574", "text": "Company drove the expansion of the British Empire in Asia. The Company's army had first joined forces with the Royal Navy during the Seven Years' War, and the two continued to co-operate in arenas outside India: the eviction of the French from Egypt (1799), the capture of Java from the Netherlands (1811), the acquisition of Penang Island (1786), Singapore (1819) and Malacca (1824), and the defeat of Burma (1826). From its base in India, the Company had also been engaged in an increasingly profitable opium export trade to China since the 1730s. This trade, illegal since it was outlawed by", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "1447097", "text": "Pax Britannica Pax Britannica (Latin for \"British Peace\", modelled after \"Pax Romana\") was the period of relative peace between the Great Powers during which the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a global police force. Between 1815 and 1914, a period referred to as Britain's \"imperial century\", around of territory and roughly 400 million people were added to the British Empire. Victory over Napoleonic France left the British without any serious international rival, other than perhaps Russia in central Asia. When Russia tried expanding its influence in the Balkans, the British and French defeated", "title": "Pax Britannica" }, { "id": "52607", "text": "colonies once stable, non-Communist governments were available to transfer power to. This was in contrast to other European powers such as France and Portugal, which waged costly and ultimately unsuccessful wars to keep their empires intact. Between 1945 and 1965, the number of people under British rule outside the UK itself fell from 700 million to five million, three million of whom were in Hong Kong. The pro-decolonisation Labour government, elected at the 1945 general election and led by Clement Attlee, moved quickly to tackle the most pressing issue facing the empire: Indian independence. India's two major political parties—the Indian", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "429130", "text": "Domestically, political attitudes favoured free trade and laissez-faire policies and a gradual widening of the voting franchise. During the century, the population increased at a dramatic rate, accompanied by rapid urbanisation, causing significant social and economic stresses. To seek new markets and sources of raw materials, the Conservative Party under Disraeli launched a period of imperialist expansion in Egypt, South Africa, and elsewhere. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand became self-governing dominions. After the turn of the century, Britain's industrial dominance was challenged by Germany and the United States. Social reform and home rule for Ireland were important domestic issues after", "title": "United Kingdom" }, { "id": "13286134", "text": "prospect of a French invasion, and confirmed Britain's reputation as the world's foremost naval power. The succession of victories led Horace Walpole to remark; \"Our bells are worn threadbare with ringing for victories\". Several of the triumphs assumed an iconic place in the mindset of the British public, reinforced by representations in art and music, such as the popular song \"Heart of Oak\" and the later painting \"The Death of General Wolfe\". Frank McLynn identified 1759 as the year which prefigured the rise of the British Empire in eclipsing France as the dominant global superpower. Much of the credit for", "title": "Annus Mirabilis of 1759" }, { "id": "52618", "text": "of 1971, instead of 1975 as earlier planned. By that time over 50,000 British military personnel were still stationed in the Far East, including 30,000 in Singapore. The British withdrew from Aden in 1967, Bahrain in 1971, and the Maldives in 1976. Macmillan gave a speech in Cape Town, South Africa in February 1960 where he spoke of \"the wind of change blowing through this continent\". Macmillan wished to avoid the same kind of colonial war that France was fighting in Algeria, and under his premiership decolonisation proceeded rapidly. To the three colonies that had been granted independence in the", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "718533", "text": "that moment) three states that were superpowers: the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union. The British Empire was the most extensive empire in world history and considered the foremost great power, holding sway over 25% of the world's population and controlling about 25% of the Earth's total land area, while the United States and the Soviet Union grew in power before and during World War II. According to Lyman Miller, \"The basic components of superpower stature may be measured along four axes of power: military, economic, political, and cultural (or what political scientist Joseph Nye has termed", "title": "Superpower" }, { "id": "429132", "text": "social order. After the war, Britain received the League of Nations mandate over a number of former German and Ottoman colonies. The British Empire reached its greatest extent, covering a fifth of the world's land surface and a quarter of its population. However, Britain had suffered 2.5 million casualties and finished the war with a huge national debt. The rise of Irish nationalism, and disputes within Ireland over the terms of Irish Home Rule, led eventually to the partition of the island in 1921. The Irish Free State became independent, initially with Dominion status in 1922, and unambiguously independent in", "title": "United Kingdom" }, { "id": "469830", "text": "1st century The 1st century was the century that lasted from AD 1 to AD 100 according to the Julian calendar. It is often written as the or to distinguish it from the 1st century BC (or BCE) which preceded it. The 1st century is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. During this period, Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire, which continued expanding, most notably conquering Britain under the emperor Claudius (AD 43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire after the", "title": "1st century" }, { "id": "12588952", "text": "its builders: \"The hallmark of British imperialism was its extraordinary versatility in method, outlook and object.\" The British tried to avoid military action in favour of reliance on networks of local elites and businessmen who voluntarily collaborated and in turn gained authority (and military protection) from British recognition. Historians argue that Britain built an informal economic empire through control of trade and finance in Latin America after the independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies about 1820. By the 1840s, Britain had adopted a highly successful policy of free trade that gave it dominance in the trade of much of the", "title": "Historiography of the British Empire" }, { "id": "52555", "text": "and by 1720, in terms of sales, the British company had overtaken the Dutch. Peace between England and the Netherlands in 1688 meant that the two countries entered the Nine Years' War as allies, but the conflict—waged in Europe and overseas between France, Spain and the Anglo-Dutch alliance—left the English a stronger colonial power than the Dutch, who were forced to devote a larger proportion of their military budget on the costly land war in Europe. The 18th century saw England (after 1707, Britain) rise to be the world's dominant colonial power, and France becoming its main rival on the", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "433101", "text": "(aboard HMS \"Victory\") marked the culmination of British maritime supremacy, and left the Navy in a position of uncontested hegemony at sea. By 1815 and the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars, Britain had risen to become the world's dominant great power and the British Empire subsequently presided over a period of relative peace, known as Pax Britannica. With Britain's old rivals no-longer a threat, the nineteenth century saw the emergence of a new rival, the Russian Empire, and a strategic competition in what became known as The Great Game for supremacy in Central Asia. Britain feared that Russian expansionism in", "title": "British Armed Forces" }, { "id": "52553", "text": "with the Treaty of Union, establishing the Kingdom of Great Britain. At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade, an effort focused mainly on two regions; the East Indies archipelago, and an important hub in the trade network, India. There, they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "432693", "text": "no conscription. The rise of the German Empire after 1871 posed a new challenge, for it (along with the United States) threatened to take Britain's place as the world's foremost industrial power. Germany acquired a number of colonies in Africa and the Pacific, but Chancellor Otto von Bismarck succeeded in achieving general peace through his balance of power strategy. When William II became emperor in 1888, he discarded Bismarck, began using bellicose language, and planned to build a navy to rival Britain's. Ever since Britain had taken control of South Africa from the Netherlands in the Napoleonic Wars, it had", "title": "History of the United Kingdom" }, { "id": "52581", "text": "for its ships travelling to and from its colonies in the East Indies. Britain formally acquired the colony, and its large Afrikaner (or Boer) population in 1806, having occupied it in 1795 to prevent its falling into French hands during the Flanders Campaign. British immigration began to rise after 1820, and pushed thousands of Boers, resentful of British rule, northwards to found their own—mostly short-lived—independent republics, during the Great Trek of the late 1830s and early 1840s. In the process the Voortrekkers clashed repeatedly with the British, who had their own agenda with regard to colonial expansion in South Africa", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "1396918", "text": "between the two that lasted until 1990. Paradoxically, the United Kingdom, a staunch advocate of free trade, emerged in 1914 with not only the largest overseas empire, thanks to its long-standing presence in India, but also the greatest gains in the conquest of Africa, reflecting its advantageous position at its inception. Up until 1876, Belgium had no colonial presence in Africa. It was then that its king, Leopold II created the International African Society. Operating under the pretense of an international scientific and philanthropic association, it was actually a private holding company owned by Leopold. Henry Morton Stanley was employed", "title": "New Imperialism" }, { "id": "12588971", "text": "to a third and fourth empire: The first Empire was founded in the 17th century, and based on the migration of large numbers of settlers to the American, as well as the development of the sugar plantation colonies in the West Indies. It ended with the British loss of the American War for Independence. The second Empire had already started to emerge. It was originally designed as a chain of trading ports and naval bases. However, it expanded inland into the control of large numbers of natives when the East India Company proved highly successful in taking control of most", "title": "Historiography of the British Empire" }, { "id": "429128", "text": "political power from the aristocracy to the middle classes. In the countryside, enclosure of the land was driving small farmers out. Towns and cities began to swell with a new urban working class. Few ordinary workers had the vote, and they created their own organisations in the form of trade unions. After the defeat of France at the end of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), Great Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century (with London the largest city in the world from about 1830). Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as", "title": "United Kingdom" }, { "id": "1396875", "text": "divided into 50 different colonies. The attendants established who was in control of each of these newly divided colonies. They also planned, noncommittally, to end the slave trade in Africa. In Britain, the age of new imperialism marked a time for significant economic changes. Because the country was the first to industrialize, Britain was technologically ahead of many other countries throughout the majority of the nineteenth century. By the end of the nineteenth century, however, other countries such as Germany, the United States, Russia, and Italy soon matched Britain in technological and economic power. After several decades of monopoly, the", "title": "New Imperialism" }, { "id": "52543", "text": "Newfoundland whose harbour he formally claimed for England, although no settlers were left behind. Gilbert did not survive the return journey to England, and was succeeded by his half-brother, Walter Raleigh, who was granted his own patent by Elizabeth in 1584. Later that year, Raleigh founded the Roanoke Colony on the coast of present-day North Carolina, but lack of supplies caused the colony to fail. In 1603, James VI, King of Scots, ascended (as James I) to the English throne and in 1604 negotiated the Treaty of London, ending hostilities with Spain. Now at peace with its main rival, English", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "1345317", "text": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. The United Kingdom having financed the European coalition that defeated France during the Napoleonic Wars, developed a large Royal Navy that led the British Empire to become the foremost world power for the next century. The Crimean War with Russia and the Boer wars were relatively small operations in a largely peaceful century. Rapid industrialisation that began in the decades prior to the state's formation continued up until", "title": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" }, { "id": "3719157", "text": "Early modern Britain Early modern Britain is the history of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. Major historical events in Early Modern British history include numerous wars, especially with France, along with the English Renaissance, the English Reformation and Scottish Reformation, the English Civil War, the Restoration of Charles II, the Glorious Revolution, the Treaty of Union, the Scottish Enlightenment and the formation and collapse of the First British Empire. The term, \"English Renaissance\" is used by many historians to refer to a cultural movement in England in the 16th and 17th", "title": "Early modern Britain" }, { "id": "12589017", "text": "and environmental processes. In 1914 the six volume \"The Oxford Survey Of The British Empire\" gave comprehensive coverage to geography and society of the entire Empire, includingthe British Isles. Since the 1950s, historians have tended to concentrated on specific countries or regions. By the 1930s, an Empire so vast was a challenge for historians to grasp in its entirety. The American Lawrence H. Gipson (1880–1971) won the Pulitzer Prize for his monumental coverage in 15 volumes of \"The British Empire Before the American Revolution\", published 1936–70. At about the same time in London, Sir Keith Hancock wrote a \"Survey of", "title": "Historiography of the British Empire" }, { "id": "119401", "text": "thousands of English soldiers died fighting for the United Kingdom as part of the Allies. Two decades later, in World War II, the United Kingdom was again one of the Allies. At the end of the Phoney War, Winston Churchill became the wartime Prime Minister. Developments in warfare technology saw many cities damaged by air-raids during the Blitz. Following the war, the British Empire experienced rapid decolonisation, and there was a speeding up of technological innovations; automobiles became the primary means of transport and Frank Whittle's development of the jet engine led to wider air travel. Residential patterns were altered", "title": "England" }, { "id": "52559", "text": "India. In the following decades the British East India Company gradually increased the size of the territories under its control, either ruling directly or via local rulers under the threat of force from the British Indian Army, the vast majority of which was composed of Indian sepoys. The British and French struggles in India became but one theatre of the global Seven Years' War (1756–1763) involving France, Britain and the other major European powers. The signing of the Treaty of Paris (1763) had important consequences for the future of the British Empire. In North America, France's future as a colonial", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "52602", "text": "India but did not automatically commit the Dominions of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Newfoundland and South Africa. All soon declared war on Germany, but Ireland chose to remain legally neutral throughout the war. After the Fall of France in June 1940, Britain and the empire stood alone against Germany, until the German invasion of Greece on 7 April 1941. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill successfully lobbied President Franklin D. Roosevelt for military aid from the United States, but Roosevelt was not yet ready to ask Congress to commit the country to war. In August 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met and", "title": "British Empire" }, { "id": "1380701", "text": "financial power. British historian G. M. Trevelyan argues: In the 18th century England, and after 1707 Great Britain, rose to become the world's dominant colonial power, with France as its main rival on the imperial stage. The pre-1707 English overseas possessions became the nucleus of the First British Empire. \"In 1714 the ruling class was so bitterly divided that many feared a civil war might break out on Queen Anne's death\", says historian W. A. Speck. A couple of hundred of the richest landed elite families controlled politics, but they were deeply split, with Tories committed to the legitimacy of", "title": "Kingdom of Great Britain" }, { "id": "3719162", "text": "to the operation of the government gave this new class great power, but power that was not reflected in the government structure. This would lead to a long contest during the 17th century between the forces of the monarch and parliament. The Elizabethan Era is the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and is known to be a golden age in English history. It was the height of the English Renaissance and saw the flowering of English literature and poetry. This was also the time during which Elizabethan theatre was famous and William Shakespeare, among others, composed plays that broke", "title": "Early modern Britain" }, { "id": "7270813", "text": "century, became the largest empire in history by virtue of the improved transportation technologies of the time. At its height, the British Empire covered a quarter of the Earth's land area and comprised a quarter of its population. During the New Imperialism, Italy and Germany also built their colonial empires in Africa. After the Boxer Rebellion in 1901, Imperial China made concessions to the Eight-Nation Alliance (all the Great Powers of the time). By the end of the 20th century most of the previous colonial empires had been decolonized. The chart below shows the span of European colonial empires. European:", "title": "Colonial empire" } ]

[ "David Gilmour" ]

[ { "id": "7186480", "text": "Coming Back to Life \"Coming Back to Life\" is a song from Pink Floyd's 1994 album \"The Division Bell\", and is credited solely to David Gilmour. Gilmour has said (as can be heard on the \"David Gilmour in Concert\" DVD) that the song was written about his wife, Polly Samson. with: The song has been a staple in Gilmour's performances from 1994-2016. It was one of the songs performed on rotation during the 1994 Division Bell Tour, at every one of Gilmour's semi-acoustic shows in 2001 and 2002, at Gilmour's performance at the Fender Stratocaster 50th anniversary concert in London", "title": "Coming Back to Life" }, { "id": "7186482", "text": "Phil Manzanera – electric guitar Guy Pratt – bass Jon Carin – synthesiser Steve DiStanislao – drums Kevin McAlea – organ (2015-16 only) Bryan Chambers – backing vocals (2015-16 only) Lucita Jules – backing vocals (2015-16 only) Louise Clare Marshall – backing vocals (2015-16 only) Chester Kamen – electric guitar (2016 second leg only) Chuck Leavell – organ (2016 second leg only) Greg Phillinganes – synthesiser (2016 second leg only) The song appears on the following live albums, DVDs or Blu-rays: Coming Back to Life \"Coming Back to Life\" is a song from Pink Floyd's 1994 album \"The Division Bell\",", "title": "Coming Back to Life" }, { "id": "1485301", "text": "Roger Waters George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943) is an English songwriter, singer, bassist, and composer. In 1965, he co-founded the progressive rock band Pink Floyd with drummer Nick Mason, keyboardist Richard Wright, guitarist Bob Klose, as well as lead guitarist, singer, and songwriter Syd Barrett. Waters initially served as the bassist, but following the departure of Barrett in 1968, he also became their lyricist, co-lead vocalist, and conceptual leader. Pink Floyd achieved international success with the concept albums, \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" (1973), \"Wish You Were Here\" (1975), \"Animals\" (1977), and \"The Wall\" (1979). By the", "title": "Roger Waters" }, { "id": "7771964", "text": "legacy which continues to inspire.\" Although Barrett had faded into obscurity over the previous 35 years, the national press praised him for his contributions to music. On 10 May 2007, Waters, Gilmour, Wright and Mason performed at the Barrett tribute concert \"Madcap's Last Laugh\" at the Barbican Centre in London. Gilmour, Wright and Mason performed the Barrett compositions, \"Bike\" and \"Arnold Layne\", and Waters performed a solo version of his song \"Flickering Flame\". Wright died of an undisclosed form of cancer on 15 September 2008, aged 65. His former bandmates paid tributes to his life and work; Gilmour said: \"In", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "7772004", "text": "Nick Mason's personal archive, opened in May 2017; due to its popularity, it was extended for two weeks beyond its original closing date of 1 October. Studio albums Pink Floyd Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London in 1965. They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music. Distinguished by their philosophical lyrics, sonic experimentation, extended compositions, and elaborate live shows, they are one of the most commercially successful and influential groups in popular music history. Pink Floyd were founded by students Syd Barrett on guitar and lead vocals, Nick Mason on drums, Roger Waters on", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "7771894", "text": "Endless River\" (2014), was recorded without Waters and based almost entirely on unreleased material. Pink Floyd were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. By 2013, they had sold more than 250 million records worldwide. Roger Waters and Nick Mason met while studying architecture at the London Polytechnic at Regent Street. They first played music together in a group formed by Keith Noble and Clive Metcalfe with Noble's sister Sheilagh. Richard Wright, a fellow architecture student, joined later that year, and the group became a sextet,", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "5627683", "text": "Anthony Moore Anthony Moore (also known as Anthony More) (born 13 August 1948) is a British experimental music composer, performer and producer. He was a founding member of the band Slapp Happy, worked with Henry Cow and has made a number of solo albums, including \"Flying Doesn't Help\" (1979) and \"World Service\" (1981). As a lyricist, Moore has collaborated with Pink Floyd on two of their albums: \"A Momentary Lapse of Reason\" (1987) and \"The Division Bell\" (1994), and contributed music to the instrumental \"Calling\" from \"The Endless River\" (2014). He contributed lyrics to Richard Wright's \"Broken China\" (1996), worked", "title": "Anthony Moore" }, { "id": "7186481", "text": "in 2004, and was played at most shows during his solo 2006 On an Island Tour. It became a staple of shows during the 2015-16 Rattle That Lock Tour. Pink Floyd, 1994 tour David Gilmour – electric guitar, lead vocals Richard Wright – organ Nick Mason – drums with: Guy Pratt – bass Tim Renwick – acoustic guitar Jon Carin – synthesiser Gary Wallis – percussion Sam Brown – backing vocals Claudia Fontaine – backing vocals Durga McBroom – backing vocals David Gilmour, 2006 and 2015-16 tours David Gilmour – electric guitar, lead vocals Richard Wright – organ (2006 only)", "title": "Coming Back to Life" }, { "id": "7771891", "text": "Pink Floyd Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London in 1965. They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music. Distinguished by their philosophical lyrics, sonic experimentation, extended compositions, and elaborate live shows, they are one of the most commercially successful and influential groups in popular music history. Pink Floyd were founded by students Syd Barrett on guitar and lead vocals, Nick Mason on drums, Roger Waters on bass and vocals, and Richard Wright on keyboards and vocals. They gained popularity performing in London's underground music scene during the late 1960s, and under Barrett's leadership released", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "7771892", "text": "two charting singles and a successful debut album, \"The Piper at the Gates of Dawn\" (1967). Guitarist and vocalist David Gilmour joined in December 1967; Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health. Waters became the band's primary lyricist and conceptual leader, devising the concepts behind their albums \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" (1973), \"Wish You Were Here\" (1975), \"Animals\" (1977), \"The Wall\" (1979) and \"The Final Cut\" (1983). \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" and \"The Wall\" became two of the best-selling albums of all time. Following creative tensions, Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979, followed", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "1640787", "text": "reviews, it went on to receive critical acclaim, appearing on \"Rolling Stone\"s lists of \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" and the \"50 Greatest Prog Rock Albums of All Time\". Pink Floyd keyboardist Richard Wright and guitarist David Gilmour cited it as their favourite Pink Floyd album. During 1974, Pink Floyd sketched out three new compositions, \"Raving and Drooling\", \"You Gotta Be Crazy\" and \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\". These songs were performed during a series of concerts in France and England, the band's first tour since 1973's \"The Dark Side of the Moon\". As Pink Floyd had never", "title": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd album)" }, { "id": "5470867", "text": "Jon Carin Jon Carin (born October 21, 1964) is a Grammy Award winning musician, singer, songwriter and producer who has been a longtime collaborator with the band Pink Floyd and the solo careers of David Gilmour and Roger Waters, The Who, Pete Townshend, Eddie Vedder, and Kate Bush. As a teenager, Jon Carin started his professional musical career with the band Industry as their lead singer, keyboardist and songwriter. During his time with the band, they had a hit single with \"State of the Nation\" in 1982, being followed by the album \"Stranger to Stranger\". In 1982, he was asked", "title": "Jon Carin" }, { "id": "5627690", "text": "Slapp Happy, without Faust, performed at Mt. Rainer Hall, Shibuya in Tokyo. Anthony Moore Anthony Moore (also known as Anthony More) (born 13 August 1948) is a British experimental music composer, performer and producer. He was a founding member of the band Slapp Happy, worked with Henry Cow and has made a number of solo albums, including \"Flying Doesn't Help\" (1979) and \"World Service\" (1981). As a lyricist, Moore has collaborated with Pink Floyd on two of their albums: \"A Momentary Lapse of Reason\" (1987) and \"The Division Bell\" (1994), and contributed music to the instrumental \"Calling\" from \"The Endless", "title": "Anthony Moore" }, { "id": "4611762", "text": "Expression Records. As a writer, producer and solo artist, Phil Manzanera has worked with many of the luminaries of modern music, such as Steve Winwood, David Gilmour, John Cale, Godley & Creme, Nico and John Wetton. He has co-written material with many artists, including Brian Eno, Tim Finn, Robert Wyatt and Gilmour. Manzanera co-wrote Pink Floyd's single \"One Slip\" from their 1987 \"A Momentary Lapse of Reason\" album. Manzanera's first solo album \"Diamond Head\" (1975) featured an all-star line-up of session contributors, including most of the former and current members of Roxy Music, except Bryan Ferry. Brian Eno co-wrote and", "title": "Phil Manzanera" }, { "id": "7772001", "text": "engineer James Guthrie won the Grammy Award for \"Best Engineered Non-Classical Album\" for \"The Wall\", and Roger Waters won the British Academy of Film and Television Arts award for \"Best Original Song Written for a Film\" in 1983 for \"Another Brick in the Wall\" from \"The Wall\" film. In 1995, Pink Floyd won the Grammy for \"Best Rock Instrumental Performance\" for \"Marooned\". In 2008, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden presented Pink Floyd with the Polar Music Prize for their contribution to modern music; Waters and Mason attended the ceremony and accepted the award. They were inducted into the Rock", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "15759235", "text": "at the Hampton Court Palace Festival by bassist Guy Pratt of Pink Floyd, who sang a duet with Alex in the track \"Run Like Hell\". A month later in July, TAPFS performed at the Chester Rocks Festival supporting Iggy and the Stooges. The band are due to tour the U.S. and Canada from October 2011, with another UK and European \"Exposed in the Light\" tour booked for 2012. Songs he sang on the 2011 tour included \"Time\", \"Wish You Were Here\", \"Dogs\", \"Breathe\", \"Coming Back to Life\", and \"Comfortably Numb\". In 2015, McNamara announced via his Facebook page that he", "title": "Alex McNamara" }, { "id": "15186807", "text": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd song) \"Wish You Were Here\" is the title track on Pink Floyd's 1975 album \"Wish You Were Here\". David Gilmour and Roger Waters collaborated to write the music, and Gilmour sang the lead vocal. In 2011, the song was ranked No. 324 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. In the original album version, the song segues from \"Have a Cigar\" as if a radio had been tuned away from one station, through several others (including a radio play and one playing the opening of the finale movement of Tchaikovsky's Fourth Symphony),", "title": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd song)" }, { "id": "7771956", "text": "\"It came close to a point where I wasn't going to do the album.\" However, he earned five co-writing credits on the album, his first on a Pink Floyd album since 1975's \"Wish You Were Here\". Another songwriter credited on the album was Gilmour's future wife, Polly Samson. She helped him write several tracks, including, \"High Hopes\", a collaborative arrangement which, though initially tense, \"pulled the whole album together,\" according to Ezrin. They hired Michael Kamen to arrange the album's orchestral parts; Dick Parry and Chris Thomas also returned. Writer Douglas Adams provided the album title and Thorgerson the cover", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "16573884", "text": "Syd Barrett discography Syd Barrett (1946–2006) was an English musician who was best known as the original frontman and primary songwriter of the English rock band Pink Floyd. With the band, he recorded and wrote the majority of songs for their first album \"The Piper at the Gates of Dawn\", and was credited for one song (\"Jugband Blues\") on their second album \"A Saucerful of Secrets\". To this day, his Pink Floyd songs are used frequently on the band's various compilations. After he left Pink Floyd, he recorded two solo albums, \"The Madcap Laughs\" and \"Barrett\". Both albums, released in", "title": "Syd Barrett discography" }, { "id": "1930203", "text": "Nick Mason Nicholas Berkeley Mason (born 27 January 1944) is an English drummer, best known as a founder member of the progressive rock band Pink Floyd. Mason is the only Pink Floyd member to be featured on every one of their albums, and the only constant member of the band since its formation in 1965. It is estimated that as of 2010, the group have sold over 250 million records worldwide, including 75 million units sold in the United States. Despite solely writing only a few Pink Floyd songs, Mason has co-written some of Pink Floyd's most popular compositions such", "title": "Nick Mason" }, { "id": "1485310", "text": "Pink Floyd Sound, later the Pink Floyd Blues Band and by early 1966, Pink Floyd. By early 1966, Barrett was Pink Floyd's frontman, guitarist, and songwriter. He wrote or co-wrote all but one track of their debut LP \"The Piper at the Gates of Dawn\", released in August 1967. Waters contributed the song \"Take Up Thy Stethoscope and Walk\" (his first sole writing credit) to the album. By late 1967, Barrett's deteriorating mental health and increasingly erratic behaviour, rendered him \"unable or unwilling\" to continue in his capacity as Pink Floyd's singer-songwriter and lead guitarist. In early March 1968 Pink", "title": "Roger Waters" }, { "id": "5248704", "text": "song on his ongoing Us + Them Tour, in a version which resembles the album version, in which the music is yet again synchronised perfectly with the screen video. Quotes by David Gilmour, taken from the \"Wish You Were Here\" songbook. Welcome to the Machine \"Welcome to the Machine\" is the second song on Pink Floyd's 1975 album \"Wish You Were Here\". Written by bassist Roger Waters, it features heavily processed synthesizers and acoustic guitars, as well as a wide range of tape effects. The track was built upon a basic throbbing sound made by an EMS VCS 3 followed", "title": "Welcome to the Machine" }, { "id": "7771915", "text": "Waters began to develop his own songwriting, contributing \"Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun\", \"Let There Be More Light\" and \"Corporal Clegg\". Wright composed \"See-Saw\" and \"Remember a Day\". Norman Smith encouraged them to self-produce their music, and they recorded demos of new material at their houses. With Smith's instruction at Abbey Road, they learned how to use the recording studio to realise their artistic vision. However, Smith remained unconvinced by their music, and when Mason struggled to perform his drum part on \"Remember a Day\", Smith stepped in as his replacement. Wright recalled Smith's attitude about", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "7771945", "text": "the credit list, reflecting what Waters felt was his lack of songwriting contributions. Though Mason's musical contributions were minimal, he stayed busy recording sound effects for an experimental Holophonic system to be used on the album. With marital problems of his own, he remained a distant figure. Pink Floyd did not use Thorgerson for the cover design, Waters choosing to design the cover himself. Released in March 1983, \"The Final Cut\" went straight to number one in the UK and number six in the US. Waters wrote all the lyrics, as well as all the music on the album. Gilmour", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "17206951", "text": "to write Nicole Scherzinger's comeback single \"Boomerang,\" which debuted at #6 on the UK charts. He also wrote and co-produced the track \"Save Your Soul\" on Celine Dion's 2013 album, \"Loved Me Back to Life\". He performed on the television show \"Katie\" with Pitbull. Murcia is currently working on his debut EP in addition to writing for other artists. On May 31, 2013, Murcia performed live on \"Good Morning America\" with Pitbull and again on June 17, 2013 on \"The Tonight Show\". Danny Mercer Danny Mercer (born Daniel Murcia in Bogotá, Colombia) is a Colombian American recording artist, songwriter, and", "title": "Danny Mercer" }, { "id": "1497005", "text": "David Gilmour David Jon Gilmour, (born 6 March 1946) is an English guitarist, singer and songwriter who was a member of the progressive rock band Pink Floyd. He joined the group as guitarist and co-lead vocalist in 1968 shortly before the departure of founding member Syd Barrett. Pink Floyd subsequently achieved international success with the concept albums \"The Dark Side of the Moon\", \"Wish You Were Here\", \"Animals\", and \"The Wall\". By the early 1980s, they had become one of the best-selling and most acclaimed acts in music history; by 2012, the band had sold over 250 million records worldwide,", "title": "David Gilmour" }, { "id": "1496953", "text": "David Gilmour David Jon Gilmour, (born 6 March 1946) is an English guitarist, singer and songwriter who was a member of the progressive rock band Pink Floyd. He joined the group as guitarist and co-lead vocalist in 1968 shortly before the departure of founding member Syd Barrett. Pink Floyd subsequently achieved international success with the concept albums \"The Dark Side of the Moon\", \"Wish You Were Here\", \"Animals\", and \"The Wall\". By the early 1980s, they had become one of the best-selling and most acclaimed acts in music history; by 2012, the band had sold over 250 million records worldwide,", "title": "David Gilmour" }, { "id": "7772002", "text": "and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005, and the Hit Parade Hall of Fame in 2010. The music of Pink Floyd influenced numerous artists; David Bowie called Barrett a significant inspiration, and The Edge of U2 bought his first delay pedal after hearing the opening guitar chords to \"Dogs\" from \"Animals\". Other bands and artists who cite them as an influence include Queen, Tool, Radiohead, Steven Wilson, Kraftwerk, Marillion, Queensrÿche, Nine Inch Nails, the Orb and the Smashing Pumpkins. Pink Floyd were an influence on the neo-progressive rock subgenre which emerged in", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "2640283", "text": "As explained by Peter Criss during an interview in the documentary, \"KISS: Krazy Killer\" (1994), Ezrin co-wrote, arranged and performed the piano accompaniment to the song \"Beth\". Ezrin proceeded to produce two other albums with the band -- \"Music from \"The Elder\"\" and \"Revenge\"—and remains close to the band's members in the 21st century. Ezrin has worked with Pink Floyd on a number of occasions, co-producing the albums, \"The Wall\", \"A Momentary Lapse of Reason\", and \"The Division Bell\". He has also co-written the songs \"The Trial\", \"Signs of Life\", \"Learning to Fly\", and \"Take It Back\". Ezrin also produced", "title": "Bob Ezrin" }, { "id": "3318434", "text": "Guy Pratt Guy Pratt (born 3 January 1962) is an English singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, comedian and actor. Pratt's music career spans more than 30 years. He is best known for his work as a prolific session bass player, working with artists including Pink Floyd (also David Gilmour and Nick Mason), Roxy Music (also Bryan Ferry), David Bowie, Madonna, Michael Jackson, The Smiths, Robert Palmer, Echo & the Bunnymen, Tears for Fears, Icehouse, Bananarama, Iggy Pop, Tom Jones, Blondie's Debbie Harry, Whitesnake, Womack & Womack, Kirsty MacColl, Gary Moore, Coverdale•Page, Lemon Jelly, The Orb, All Saints, Stephen Duffy, Robbie Robertson,", "title": "Guy Pratt" }, { "id": "8367831", "text": "Sorrow (Pink Floyd song) \"Sorrow\" is a song by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd. Written by the band's singer and guitarist David Gilmour, it is the closing track on their thirteenth studio album, \"A Momentary Lapse of Reason\", released in 1987. The piece was written and composed by singer and guitarist David Gilmour. Gilmour has stated that although lyrics are not his strong point, the song is one of his strongest lyrical efforts, even though the opening lines were appropriated from John Steinbeck's \"The Grapes of Wrath\". Drummer Nick Mason has since stated that the song was almost", "title": "Sorrow (Pink Floyd song)" }, { "id": "17518862", "text": "Loved Me Back to Life (song) \"Loved Me Back to Life\" is a song by Canadian singer Celine Dion. It was released on 3 September 2013 by Columbia Records as the first single from her eleventh English-language studio album of the same name (2013). The song was co-written by Sia, Hasham \"Sham\" Hussain and Denarius \"Motesart\" Motes, and produced by Sham and Motesart. The official live music video was uploaded on Vevo on 18 September 2013. \"Loved Me Back to Life\" received critical acclaim and became a top forty hit in various countries, including number fourteen in the United Kingdom,", "title": "Loved Me Back to Life (song)" }, { "id": "4481582", "text": "Have a Cigar \"Have a Cigar\" is the third track on Pink Floyd's 1975 album \"Wish You Were Here\". It follows \"Welcome to the Machine\" and on the original LP opened side two. In some markets, the song was issued as a single. English folk singer Roy Harper provided lead vocals on the song. It was one of only two Pink Floyd recordings to feature guest lead vocals, the other being \"The Great Gig in the Sky\" with Clare Torry, though the latter piece featured no lyrics. The song was written as the band's own personal critique of the music", "title": "Have a Cigar" }, { "id": "8367834", "text": "anniversary of the Fender Stratocaster. Gilmour played the song on the second set of his Rattle That Lock Tour 2015/16. Additional musicians: Sorrow (Pink Floyd song) \"Sorrow\" is a song by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd. Written by the band's singer and guitarist David Gilmour, it is the closing track on their thirteenth studio album, \"A Momentary Lapse of Reason\", released in 1987. The piece was written and composed by singer and guitarist David Gilmour. Gilmour has stated that although lyrics are not his strong point, the song is one of his strongest lyrical efforts, even though the", "title": "Sorrow (Pink Floyd song)" }, { "id": "9046734", "text": "Pink (song) \"Pink\" is a song by American rock band Aerosmith. It was written by Steven Tyler and professional songwriters Richie Supa and Glen Ballard. It was released as the third major single from \"Nine Lives\" in 1997. The song reached No. 27 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, No. 38 in the United Kingdom, and No. 19 in Latvia. It also topped the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for four weeks. The band re-released the song in the United Kingdom in 1999. The re-released version did much better, reaching No. 13. The song is highlighted by a harmonica performance by Steven", "title": "Pink (song)" }, { "id": "10844708", "text": "Lin-Manuel Miranda Lin-Manuel Miranda (; born January 16, 1980) is an American composer, lyricist, playwright, rapper, and actor best known for creating and starring in the Broadway musicals \"In the Heights\" and \"Hamilton\". He co-wrote the songs for Walt Disney Animation Studios' \"Moana\" soundtrack (2016) and co-starred in the film \"Mary Poppins Returns\". Miranda's awards include a Pulitzer Prize, three Grammy Awards, an Emmy Award, a MacArthur Fellowship, three Tony Awards and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Miranda was awarded the Kennedy Center Honor in 2018. Miranda wrote the music and lyrics for the musical \"In the", "title": "Lin-Manuel Miranda" }, { "id": "5911374", "text": "and touring under the name Pink Floyd. Following an out-of-court settlement, the band enjoyed worldwide success with \"A Momentary Lapse of Reason\" (1987), \"The Division Bell\" (1994) and \"The Endless River\" (2014). Pink Floyd discography The discography of Pink Floyd, a British rock band, consists of fifteen studio albums, three live albums, nine compilation albums, four box sets, five extended plays, and twenty-seven singles. Formed in 1965, Pink Floyd initially earned recognition for their psychedelic or space rock music, and, as they evolved, for their progressive rock music. They are known for philosophical lyrics, sonic experimentation, innovative cover art, and", "title": "Pink Floyd discography" }, { "id": "5248694", "text": "Welcome to the Machine \"Welcome to the Machine\" is the second song on Pink Floyd's 1975 album \"Wish You Were Here\". Written by bassist Roger Waters, it features heavily processed synthesizers and acoustic guitars, as well as a wide range of tape effects. The track was built upon a basic throbbing sound made by an EMS VCS 3 followed by a one-repeat echo which Waters would have played originally on bass guitar (which he overdubs an actual bass part to the song which is more predominant on the Stereo Quad mix). On the original LP, the song segued from the", "title": "Welcome to the Machine" }, { "id": "6005873", "text": "Breathe (Pink Floyd song) \"Breathe\" (sometimes called \"Breathe (In The Air)\") is a song by progressive rock band Pink Floyd on their 1973 album \"The Dark Side of the Moon\". The authorship and composition of this song is credited to David Gilmour, Richard Wright and Roger Waters for the music, and Waters for the lyrics. \"Dark Side\", admitted the latter, \"is a little adolescent and naïve in its preoccupations, but I'm not belittling it. It's like a rather wonderful, naïve painting. 'Breathe in the air / Don't be afraid to care' – that's the opening couplet. Well, yeah, I can", "title": "Breathe (Pink Floyd song)" }, { "id": "15186820", "text": "(Live)\" was released as a single on 20 July 1995 in the United Kingdom and Europe, notably the very last single released by the band until October 2014. \"Wish You Were Here\" served as the fourth and final single from Wyclef Jean's second studio album, \"\". It was released in December 2001, peaking at #28 on the UK Singles Chart. Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd song) \"Wish You Were Here\" is the title track on Pink Floyd's 1975 album \"Wish You Were Here\". David Gilmour and Roger Waters collaborated to write the music, and Gilmour sang the lead vocal.", "title": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd song)" }, { "id": "3804384", "text": "in 2008 in Australia, following Wright's death. Album - Billboard (United States) Wet Dream (album) Wet Dream is the first solo album by Pink Floyd keyboardist Richard Wright, released in 1978. \"Wet Dream\" was self-produced and Wright wrote all the songs himself, except \"Against the Odds\", which was co-written with his then-wife, Juliette, who, as Juliette Gale, had been a member of one of the early bands that evolved into Pink Floyd. The album went virtually unnoticed at the time. The album has long been out of print in Wright's native UK, but it was re-released on CD in the", "title": "Wet Dream (album)" }, { "id": "5470875", "text": "He is currently on tour with Roger Waters on his Us & Them world tour. Industry Pink Floyd Roger Waters David Gilmour The Who Pete Townshend Kate Bush Richard Butler Trashmonk Dream Academy Martha Wainwright Bryan Ferry Soul Asylum The Psychedelic Furs Gipsy Kings Live David Broza Fields of the Nephilim Kashmir Peter Perrett Corey Feldman Jon Carin Jon Carin (born October 21, 1964) is a Grammy Award winning musician, singer, songwriter and producer who has been a longtime collaborator with the band Pink Floyd and the solo careers of David Gilmour and Roger Waters, The Who, Pete Townshend, Eddie", "title": "Jon Carin" }, { "id": "7771955", "text": "themselves with personal pursuits, such as filming and competing in the La Carrera Panamericana and recording a soundtrack for a film based on the event. In January 1993, they began working on a new album, returning to Britannia Row Studios, where for several days, Gilmour, Mason and Wright worked collaboratively, improvising material. After about two weeks, the band had enough ideas to begin creating songs. Ezrin returned to co-produce the album and production moved to the Astoria, where from February to May 1993, they worked on about 25 ideas. Contractually, Wright was not a member of the band, and said", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "3804383", "text": "Wet Dream (album) Wet Dream is the first solo album by Pink Floyd keyboardist Richard Wright, released in 1978. \"Wet Dream\" was self-produced and Wright wrote all the songs himself, except \"Against the Odds\", which was co-written with his then-wife, Juliette, who, as Juliette Gale, had been a member of one of the early bands that evolved into Pink Floyd. The album went virtually unnoticed at the time. The album has long been out of print in Wright's native UK, but it was re-released on CD in the United States and Canada in the 1990s, with some success, and again", "title": "Wet Dream (album)" }, { "id": "7400121", "text": "Childhood's End (Pink Floyd song) \"Childhood's End\" is a song from Pink Floyd's 1972 album \"Obscured by Clouds\". It was the last Pink Floyd song to be composed entirely by David Gilmour, as well as the last to feature lyrics written by him, until \"A Momentary Lapse of Reason\" in 1987. The song shares a title with 1953 science-fiction novel of the same name by Arthur C. Clarke. The 2016 remixed version of \"Childhood's End\" which appears in \"The Early Years 1965–1972\" box set was released as the second single to promote the box set in October 2016. \"Childhood's End\"", "title": "Childhood's End (Pink Floyd song)" }, { "id": "1366454", "text": "Wright leaving the band. The album's cover image, a pig floating between two chimneys of the Battersea Power Station, was conceived by the band's bassist and lead songwriter Roger Waters, and was designed by long-time collaborator Storm Thorgerson. The album was released to generally positive reviews in the United Kingdom, where it reached number 2 on the UK Albums Chart. It was also a success in the United States, reaching number 3 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. It scored on US charts for half a year and these steady sales have resulted in its certification by the Recording Industry Association", "title": "Animals (Pink Floyd album)" }, { "id": "7771970", "text": "early career. In 2018, Mason formed a new band, Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets, to perform Pink Floyd's early material. The band includes includes Gary Kemp of Spandau Ballet and longtime Pink Floyd collaborator Guy Pratt. They toured Europe in September 2018. Considered one of the UK's first psychedelic music groups, Pink Floyd began their career at the vanguard of London's underground music scene. Some categorise their work from that era as space rock. According to \"Rolling Stone\": \"By 1967, they had developed an unmistakably psychedelic sound, performing long, loud suitelike compositions that touched on hard rock, blues, country, folk,", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "7698775", "text": "the video with the following: \"In the video for 'There You Go' — her smash single — the piqued Pink freaks, sending a motorcycle crashing into Floyd's fab bachelor pad.\" There You Go \"There You Go\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Pink. It was her debut single from her debut album \"Can't Take Me Home\". The song peaked at number seven on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, number two on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and number six on the UK Singles Chart. \"There You Go\" was co-written by Pink, Kevin \"She'kspere\" Briggs and Kandi Burruss. It was also produced", "title": "There You Go" }, { "id": "7582773", "text": "plans to create a centre in Cambridge, using art to help people suffering from mental health problems. A memorial bench has been placed in the Botanic Gardens in Cambridge and a more prominent tribute is planned in the city. \"Pink Floyd's most popular work drew on the power of what Barrett signified,\" wrote Steven Hyden in his 2018 book \"Twilight of the Gods\". \"[E]ven after he was no longer in the band, his spirit haunted its records.\" Barrett had one noted reunion with the members of Pink Floyd, in 1975 during the recording sessions for \"Wish You Were Here\". He", "title": "Syd Barrett" }, { "id": "13173958", "text": "rock 'n' roll to country to space age talking blues. As befits a record called The Pool Of Life. it manages to mix humour, compassion and style with a background of inner city reality and a slice of idealism. It all works even better on stage, with singer Mike Badger (the coolest thing in the original La's lineup) introducing a song as \"\"the only country song Pink Floyd ever did\"\" one minute and the next claiming everything they do was written by Hank Williams (one of them was). The LP's pretty good value with sixteen diverse tracks. The live shows", "title": "The Pool of Life" }, { "id": "1640786", "text": "tribute to Pink Floyd founder Syd Barrett, who left seven years earlier due to mental health problems. As with their previous album \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" (1973), Pink Floyd used studio effects and synthesizers, and brought in guest singers: Roy Harper, who provided the lead vocals on \"Have a Cigar\", and Venetta Fields, who added backing vocals to \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\". \"Wish You Were Here\" topped record charts in the United Kingdom and the United States, and Harvest Records' parent company EMI was unable to print enough copies to meet demand. Although it initially received mixed", "title": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd album)" }, { "id": "1485313", "text": "40 million copies worldwide. It was continuing to sell over 8,000 units every week as of 2005. According to Pink Floyd biographer Glen Povey, \"Dark Side of the Moon\" is the world's second bestselling album and the United States' 21st-bestselling album. Waters produced thematic ideas that became the impetus for the Pink Floyd concept albums \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" (1973), \"Wish You Were Here\" (1975), \"Animals\" (1977) and \"The Wall\" (1979)—written largely by Waters—and \"The Final Cut\" (1983)—written entirely by Waters. He referred or alluded to the cost of war and the loss of his father throughout his", "title": "Roger Waters" }, { "id": "14842963", "text": "An Introduction to Syd Barrett An Introduction to Syd Barrett is a 'best of' compilation featuring the work of Syd Barrett spanning the period 1967–1970, including both material written during his time with Pink Floyd and his post-band solo career. The album was released in the UK and Europe on 4 October 2010, with different release dates for the rest of the world. The album features a series of new remasters and remixes, all overseen by Pink Floyd's David Gilmour. The cover art, featuring various images relating to songs contained within the album, was designed and created by long-term Pink", "title": "An Introduction to Syd Barrett" }, { "id": "6543660", "text": "original lineup that recorded the song took part in the performance. Gilmour's band comprised Phil Manzanera, Guy Pratt, Jon Carin and Steve DiStanislao. with: Remember a Day \"Remember a Day\" is a song by the British psychedelic rock band Pink Floyd, written and sung by their keyboardist Rick Wright, appearing on their second album, \"A Saucerful of Secrets\" (1968). It was performed live only twice; as an encore in May 1968, and forty years later, in September 2008, by David Gilmour in memory of Wright, who had recently died of cancer. The dreamy, poetic lyrics are about nostalgia for the", "title": "Remember a Day" }, { "id": "17064819", "text": "Carolyne Christie Carolyne Anne Christie (born 27 December 1946) is a member of the English aristocracy, known for having been married to Rock Scully, manager of the Grateful Dead, and later to Roger Waters of Pink Floyd, who wrote songs about her. Her son Harry Waters is also a successful musician. Christie's parents were Hector Lorenzo Christie and Lady Jean Agatha Dundas. Her mother's father was Lawrence John Lumley Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland and so she is niece to Lawrence Aldred Mervyn Dundas, 3rd Marquess of Zetland, and a cousin to both Mark Dundas, 4th Marquess of Zetland and", "title": "Carolyne Christie" }, { "id": "2276163", "text": "The Final Cut (album) The Final Cut is the twelfth studio album by English rock band Pink Floyd. It was first released on 21 March 1983 in the United Kingdom by Harvest Records and on 2 April 1983 in the United States by Columbia Records. It was the band's last album to feature founding member, bassist, and songwriter Roger Waters, who left in 1985; it is also the only Pink Floyd album for which Waters alone has writing credits, and the first not to feature keyboardist Richard Wright. As such, \"The Final Cut\" is sometimes viewed as a \"de facto\"", "title": "The Final Cut (album)" }, { "id": "5117039", "text": "Polly Samson Polly Samson (born 29 April 1962) is an English novelist, lyricist and journalist, who is married to musician David Gilmour. She wrote the lyrics to many of Gilmour's works both as a solo artist and with the group Pink Floyd. Her father was Lance Samson (died 4 February 2013), a newspaper editor and diplomatic correspondent for the \"Morning Star\" and her mother was a writer of Chinese descent, Esther Cheo Ying, who wrote a memoir, \"Black Country to Red China\", about her time serving as a Major in Mao Zedong's Red Army. Following a troubled childhood, Polly joined", "title": "Polly Samson" }, { "id": "5117043", "text": "the Royal Society of Literature. Polly Samson Polly Samson (born 29 April 1962) is an English novelist, lyricist and journalist, who is married to musician David Gilmour. She wrote the lyrics to many of Gilmour's works both as a solo artist and with the group Pink Floyd. Her father was Lance Samson (died 4 February 2013), a newspaper editor and diplomatic correspondent for the \"Morning Star\" and her mother was a writer of Chinese descent, Esther Cheo Ying, who wrote a memoir, \"Black Country to Red China\", about her time serving as a Major in Mao Zedong's Red Army. Following", "title": "Polly Samson" }, { "id": "7771952", "text": "of Reason\" was released in September 1987. Storm Thorgerson, whose creative input was absent from \"The Wall\" and \"The Final Cut\", designed the album cover. To drive home that Waters had left the band, they included a group photograph on the inside cover, the first since \"Meddle\". The album went straight to number three in the UK and the US. Waters commented: \"I think it's facile, but a quite clever forgery ... The songs are poor in general ... [and] Gilmour's lyrics are third-rate.\" Although Gilmour initially viewed the album as a return to the band's top form, Wright disagreed,", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "7582785", "text": "generation's nihilism, he underwent a revival.\" Barrett's decline had a profound effect on Roger Waters' songwriting, and the theme of mental illness permeated Pink Floyd's later albums, particularly 1973's \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" and 1975's \"Wish You Were Here\" which was a deliberate and affectionate tribute to Barrett, the song, \"Shine on You Crazy Diamond\", and also 1979's \"The Wall\". \"Wish You Were Here\", partly about Barrett, borrows imagery of a \"steel rail\" from Barrett's solo song, \"If It's in You,\" from \"The Madcap Laughs\" album. In 1987, an album of Barrett cover songs called \"Beyond the Wildwood\"", "title": "Syd Barrett" }, { "id": "7186478", "text": "Take It Back \"Take It Back\" is a song by the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released as the seventh track on their 1994 album \"The Division Bell\". It was also released as a single on 16 May 1994, the first from the album, and Pink Floyd's first for seven years. The music for the song was written by guitarist David Gilmour and album co-producer Bob Ezrin, with lyrics by Gilmour, his wife Polly Samson and Nick Laird-Clowes. Guitarist David Gilmour used an E-bow on a Gibson J-200 acoustic guitar that is processed through a Zoom effects box, then directly", "title": "Take It Back" }, { "id": "4830849", "text": "several international prizes. Goodall was musical commentator for the V&A exhibition David Bowie in 2013, Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes in September 2010, and Pink Floyd: Their Mortal Remains in 2017. Goodall has been awarded honorary Doctorates of Music from Bishop Grosseteste University College in Lincoln, the University of Bolton, \"Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts with the University of East Anglia\" and Doctor of Literature (Education) form the Institute of Education, University of London. The British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) gave him its Gold Badge Award for exceptional work in support of his fellow British composers. In", "title": "Howard Goodall" }, { "id": "4138748", "text": "Music from The Body Music from The Body is the soundtrack album to Roy Battersby's 1970 documentary film \"The Body\", about human biology, narrated by Vanessa Redgrave and Frank Finlay. The music was composed in collaboration between Pink Floyd member Roger Waters and Ron Geesin, the same year they worked together on \"Atom Heart Mother\" and employs biomusic, including sounds made by the human body (slaps, breathing, laughing, whispering, flatulence, etc.), in addition to more traditional guitar, piano and stringed instruments. The album's final track, \"Give Birth to a Smile\", features all four members of Pink Floyd, plus Geesin on", "title": "Music from The Body" }, { "id": "7771895", "text": "Sigma 6. Waters played lead guitar, Mason drums, and Wright rhythm guitar (since there was rarely an available keyboard). The band performed at private functions and rehearsed in a tearoom in the basement of the Regent Street Polytechnic. They performed songs by the Searchers and material written by their manager and songwriter, fellow student Ken Chapman. In September 1963, Waters and Mason moved into a flat at 39 Stanhope Gardens near Crouch End in London, owned by Mike Leonard, a part-time tutor at the nearby Hornsey College of Art and the Regent Street Polytechnic. Mason moved out after the 1964", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "2639384", "text": "Bob Klose Rado Robert Garcia Klose (professionally known as Bob Klose in the 1960s and Rado Klose more recently) is an English musician, photographer and printmaker. Between 1964 and July 1965, he was the lead guitarist of an early rock band that would later become Pink Floyd. Although he recorded a few songs with that band, he left before their transformation into Pink Floyd. However, on the band's official Facebook page, he is given status as an official former member. Klose's full birth name is most often cited as Rado Robert Klose or Rado Robert Garcia Klose, with some authors", "title": "Bob Klose" }, { "id": "7771951", "text": "us stronger legally and musically\", and Pink Floyd employed him as a musician with weekly earnings of $11,000. Recording sessions began on Gilmour's houseboat, the \"Astoria\", moored along the River Thames. Gilmour worked with several songwriters, including Eric Stewart and Roger McGough, eventually choosing Anthony Moore to write the album's lyrics. Gilmour would later admit that the project was difficult without Waters' creative direction. Mason, concerned that he was too out-of-practice to perform on the album, made use of session musicians to complete many of the drum parts. He instead busied himself with the album's sound effects. \"A Momentary Lapse", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "19180588", "text": "first wife. This release consists of the earliest Pink Floyd recordings available commercially, with five original songs written by Syd Barrett and Roger Waters, and one Slim Harpo cover. The tracks were later included in the \"1965–1967: Cambridge St/ation\" portion of the boxset \"The Early Years 1965-1972\". All vocals by Syd Barrett, except for \"Walk with Me Sydney\" by Syd Barrett, Juliette Gale and Roger Waters. 1965: Their First Recordings 1965: Their First Recordings is an EP of Pink Floyd music (at the time called the Tea Set), containing songs recorded around Christmas 1964 by the band. The drums and", "title": "1965: Their First Recordings" }, { "id": "15186810", "text": "subsequent joint composition, describes the lyrics as being directed at himself, as his lyrics often are. Being present in one's own life and freeing one's self in order to truly experience life is a main topic in this song. Gilmour, on the other hand, recognizes that he does not ever perform the song without remembering Syd Barrett. Waters later adds that the song is nevertheless open to interpretation. Both David Gilmour and Roger Waters have praised the song as one of Pink Floyd's finest. Roger Waters has noted that the collaboration between himself and David Gilmour on the song was", "title": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd song)" }, { "id": "7582720", "text": "Syd Barrett Roger Keith \"Syd\" Barrett (6 January 1946 – 7 July 2006) was an English singer, songwriter, and musician. As a founder member of the band Pink Floyd, Barrett was the lead singer, guitarist and principal songwriter in its early years and is credited with naming the band. He was ousted from Pink Floyd in April 1968 after David Gilmour took over as their new guitarist, and was briefly hospitalised amid speculation of mental illness and his excessive use of psychedelic drugs. Barrett was musically active for less than ten years. With Pink Floyd, he recorded four singles, their", "title": "Syd Barrett" }, { "id": "2300433", "text": "have food to eat.\" Weiland was a Notre Dame Fighting Irish football fan, as his stepfather is an alumnus. In September 2006, Weiland performed at the University of Notre Dame's Legends Restaurant on the night before a football game. He sang several of his solo songs as well as \"Interstate Love Song\" and a cover of Pink Floyd's \"Wish You Were Here\". In a 2007 interview with \"Blender magazine,\" Weiland mentioned that he was raised a Catholic. Mary Forsberg Weiland's autobiography \"Fall to Pieces\" was co-written with Larkin Warren and released in 2009. Scott Weiland's autobiography, \"Not Dead & Not", "title": "Scott Weiland" }, { "id": "17064822", "text": "Willie to take photographs for the cover of his last album with Pink Floyd, \"The Final Cut\", and to direct the accompanying short film. Carolyne Christie Carolyne Anne Christie (born 27 December 1946) is a member of the English aristocracy, known for having been married to Rock Scully, manager of the Grateful Dead, and later to Roger Waters of Pink Floyd, who wrote songs about her. Her son Harry Waters is also a successful musician. Christie's parents were Hector Lorenzo Christie and Lady Jean Agatha Dundas. Her mother's father was Lawrence John Lumley Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland and so", "title": "Carolyne Christie" }, { "id": "10740929", "text": "Russ DeSalvo Russ DeSalvo is an American producer, arranger, songwriter, and guitarist. DeSalvo works with Celine Dion, Lionel Richie (DeSalvo played guitar and synthesizer on the \"Definitive Collection\" CD), Laura Pausini, and Kyle Archer (guitar on the \"Addin' Somethin' In\" CD). In April 2006, DeSalvo and British singer/songwriter Natascha Sohl released a single entitled \"Naked,\" material that they wrote and recorded. DeSalvo was the composer of, and the writer of \"Real Life\" and \"Feels Like Love\" on, \"Barbie Diaries\" (2006), an animated movie. Desalvo was formerly published by Sir Paul McCartney's music publishing company (MPL Communications), INC, EMI Music Publishing,", "title": "Russ DeSalvo" }, { "id": "5470868", "text": "by Industry's producer, Rhett Davies, to work with Bryan Ferry for his \"Boys and Girls\" album. Later in 1985, he joined Bryan Ferry at Live Aid, where he first played with Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour. The following year, Carin would collaborate as a musician and writer on the sessions for Pink Floyd's \"A Momentary Lapse of Reason\" album, receiving credit as a keyboardist on the 1987 release. He is a co-writer of the song \"Learning to Fly\" from that album, their first hit song since the departure of Roger Waters. He then participated in the support tour for the", "title": "Jon Carin" }, { "id": "7771919", "text": "experimental contribution from each band member. \"Ummagumma\" received positive reviews upon its release, in November 1969. The album peaked at number 5, spending 21 weeks on the UK chart. In October 1970, Pink Floyd released \"Atom Heart Mother\". An early version premièred in France in January, but disagreements over the mix prompted the hiring of Ron Geesin to work out the sound problems. Geesin worked to improve the score, but with little creative input from the band, production was troublesome. Geesin eventually completed the project with the aid of John Alldis, who was the director of the choir hired to", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "1640820", "text": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd album) Wish You Were Here is the ninth studio album by the English rock band Pink Floyd. It was released on 12 September 1975 in the United Kingdom by Harvest Records and a day later in the United States by Columbia Records, their first American release for the label. Based on material Pink Floyd composed while performing in Europe, \"Wish You Were Here\" was recorded over numerous sessions at Abbey Road Studios in London. Two songs criticise the music business, another expresses alienation, and the multi-part composition \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\" is a", "title": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd album)" }, { "id": "1640785", "text": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd album) Wish You Were Here is the ninth studio album by the English rock band Pink Floyd. It was released on 12 September 1975 in the United Kingdom by Harvest Records and a day later in the United States by Columbia Records, their first American release for the label. Based on material Pink Floyd composed while performing in Europe, \"Wish You Were Here\" was recorded over numerous sessions at Abbey Road Studios in London. Two songs criticise the music business, another expresses alienation, and the multi-part composition \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\" is a", "title": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd album)" }, { "id": "1548862", "text": "Pink Floyd. He played acoustic guitar during the ceremony with Pink Floyd, when they performed their song \"Wish You Were Here\". In particular, Corgan guided and collaborated with three bands in the 2000s—Breaking Benjamin (during sessions for 2004's \"We Are Not Alone\"), Taproot (for \"Blue-Sky Research\", 2005), and Sky Saxon. In 2010, Corgan claimed co-writing credit (with ex-girlfriend Courtney Love) on at least two of the songs on Hole's final album \"Nobody's Daughter\" and tried to assert a right of approval before the album could be released. Corgan had helped develop the album during its early stages. The album was", "title": "Billy Corgan" }, { "id": "7771925", "text": "the UK, Japan, North America and Europe. Producer Chris Thomas assisted Parsons. Hipgnosis designed the album's packaging, which included George Hardie's iconic refracting prism design on the cover. Thorgerson's \"Dark Side\" album cover features a beam of white light, representing unity, passing through a prism, which represents society. The resulting refracted beam of coloured light symbolises unity diffracted, leaving an absence of unity. Waters is the sole author of the album's lyrics. Released in March 1973, the LP became an instant chart success in the UK and throughout Western Europe, earning an enthusiastic response from critics. Each member of Pink", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "12472770", "text": "Richard Wright (musician) Richard William Wright (28 July 1943 – 15 September 2008) was an English musician, composer, singer, and songwriter. He was a founder member, keyboardist, and vocalist of the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, performing on all but one of the group's albums including \"The Piper at the Gates of Dawn\", \"The Dark Side of the Moon\", \"Wish You Were Here\" and \"The Division Bell\", and playing on all of their tours. Wright grew up in Hatch End, Middlesex and met future Pink Floyd bandmates Roger Waters and Nick Mason while studying at the Regent Street Polytechnic. After", "title": "Richard Wright (musician)" }, { "id": "11980598", "text": "Take a Breath \"Take a Breath\" is a song written and recorded by David Gilmour, the former lead guitarist of the British rock band Pink Floyd. The song is included as the fourth track from his third studio album, \"On an Island\". Gilmour co-wrote the track with his wife, Polly Samson. As he revealed during a promotional interview for the album with Matthew Evans, the lyrics for the song exploit the theme of water (which runs through the whole album) and, in this case, being pulled underwater and drowning - both intended as symbols of man's mortality. Along with \"This", "title": "Take a Breath" }, { "id": "5536866", "text": "Songfacts, Keith Domone (official biographer of Barclay James Harvest with his wife Monika) said John Lees wrote \"Mocking Bird\" back in 1968 while he was living with the parents of his future wife, Olwen. The song is based on a musical phrase from \"Pools Of Blue\", which he wrote around the same time. In the Q & \"Mojo\" Classic Special Edition ‘’Pink Floyd & The Story of Prog Rock’’, the album came #39 in its list of \"40 Cosmic Rock Albums\". The credits on the original liner notes are incorrect, titles being attributed to the band as a whole. The", "title": "Once Again (Barclay James Harvest album)" }, { "id": "15186809", "text": "with scat singing accompaniment. A third verse follows, featuring an increasingly expressive vocal from Gilmour and audible backing vocals. At the end of the recorded song, the final solo crossfades with wind sound effects, and finally segues into the second section of the multi-part suite \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\". Lyrically, the song is often considered to be a direct tribute to Syd Barrett. However, on the documentary \"The Story of Wish You Were Here\", Gilmour and Waters separately describe the original concept that differs from this interpretation. Waters, who mainly wrote the lyrics complementing Gilmour's initial riff idea and", "title": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd song)" }, { "id": "5117042", "text": "Great Gig in the Sky\", she is one of only two female co-writers of any Pink Floyd songs. She also wrote lyrics for Gilmour's 2006 album, \"On an Island\", and made a guest appearance on piano and vocals. She contributed lyrics to \"Louder than Words\", the only track on Pink Floyd's 2014 release, \"The Endless River\", to contain any sung lyrics. Samson has also contributed lyrics to half of the tracks on Gilmour's latest album, \"Rattle That Lock\" (2015), which were inspired by \"Paradise Lost\", an epic poem by John Milton. In 2018, Polly Samson was made a Fellow of", "title": "Polly Samson" }, { "id": "6238932", "text": "Patrick Doyle Patrick Doyle (born 6 April 1953) is a Scottish film composer. A longtime collaborator of actor-director Kenneth Branagh, Doyle is known for his work composing for films such as \"Henry V\" (1989), \"Sense and Sensibility\" (1995), \"Hamlet\" (1996), and \"Gosford Park\" (2001), as well as \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\" (2005), \"Eragon\" (2006), \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\" and \"Thor\" (both 2011). Doyle has been nominated for two Academy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards, and is the recipient of the ASCAP Henry Mancini Award for \"outstanding achievements and contributions to the world of", "title": "Patrick Doyle" }, { "id": "10569568", "text": "bass playing from Andy Fairweather-Low, and saxophone solos added to songs like \"Welcome to the Machine\". With a few exceptions, the Pink Floyd songs Waters chose for his set list were those written by him alone, rather than material like \"Comfortably Numb\", or other songs co-written with David Gilmour or Rick Wright. However, in response to requests from fans using the telephone booth, he promised to include \"Comfortably Numb\" in future tours. The band featured: Note – \"In the Flesh\", \"Have a Cigar\", \"Pigs (Three Different Ones)\" and \"Wish You Were Here\" were performed as a medley. Radio K.A.O.S. (tour)", "title": "Radio K.A.O.S. (tour)" }, { "id": "3299180", "text": "May 1967, an event set up by both Jenner and King. Jenner and King's diverse array of social connections were meritorious, gaining the band important coverage in \"The Financial Times\" and \"The Sunday Times\". Jenner's voice can be heard at the start of Pink Floyd's 1967 \"Astronomy Domine\", the opening track on the album \"The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (UK edition).\" Jenner and King formed a partnership with Pink Floyd called Blackhill Enterprises. As the relationship between Syd Barrett and the other three members of Pink Floyd deteriorated, Jenner and King, believing Barrett to be the principal songwriter", "title": "Peter Jenner" }, { "id": "7582722", "text": "life and strictly guarded his privacy until his death in 2006. In 1988, EMI released an album of unreleased tracks and outtakes, \"Opel\", with Barrett's approval. Barrett's innovative guitar work and exploration of experimental techniques such as dissonance, distortion and feedback influenced many musicians. His vocals are noted for their strong English accent. After leaving the music industry, Barrett continued painting and dedicated himself to gardening. Pink Floyd recorded several tributes to him, most notably the 1975 album \"Wish You Were Here\", which includes the homage \"Shine On You Crazy Diamond\". Barrett was born as Roger Keith Barrett in Cambridge,", "title": "Syd Barrett" }, { "id": "1496954", "text": "including 75 million units sold in the United States. Following the departure of Roger Waters in 1985, Gilmour assumed leadership of Pink Floyd; they released three more studio albums before disbanding in 2014. Gilmour has produced a variety of artists, such as the Dream Academy, and has released four solo studio albums: \"David Gilmour\", \"About Face\", \"On an Island\", and \"Rattle That Lock\". He is also credited for bringing songwriter Kate Bush to public attention. As a member of Pink Floyd, he was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, and the UK Music Hall", "title": "David Gilmour" }, { "id": "18662580", "text": "Pink Floyd's hit song \"Wish You Were Here\" in January 2017. He also re-released a remixed and remastered version of his 2010 album \"Less Wise\", as \"Less Wise Modified 2017\", with three bonus tracks included. Jinks released the album titled \"Lifers\" on July 27, 2018. His new single \"Must Be the Whiskey\" was released on June 15. Cody Jinks has signed with Rounder Records. Cody Jinks Cody Jinks is an American country music singer from Denton, Texas. His 2016 album, \"I'm Not the Devil\", reached No. 98 on the \"Billboard\" Country Albums chart. Cody Jinks is a native of Haltom", "title": "Cody Jinks" }, { "id": "7186479", "text": "injected into the board. The lyrics include a common British reading of the nursery rhyme Ring a Ring o' Roses during its instrumental section. Additional musicians: Take It Back \"Take It Back\" is a song by the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released as the seventh track on their 1994 album \"The Division Bell\". It was also released as a single on 16 May 1994, the first from the album, and Pink Floyd's first for seven years. The music for the song was written by guitarist David Gilmour and album co-producer Bob Ezrin, with lyrics by Gilmour, his wife Polly", "title": "Take It Back" }, { "id": "7771930", "text": "a new concept after several weeks. During 1974, Pink Floyd had sketched out three original compositions and had performed them at a series of concerts in Europe. These compositions became the starting point for a new album whose opening four-note guitar phrase, composed purely by chance by Gilmour, reminded Waters of Barrett. The songs provided a fitting summary of the rise and fall of their former bandmate. Waters commented: \"Because I wanted to get as close as possible to what I felt ... [that] indefinable, inevitable melancholy about the disappearance of Syd.\" While Pink Floyd were working on the album,", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "18148456", "text": "The Endless River The Endless River is the fifteenth studio album by the English rock band Pink Floyd. The band's first studio album since \"The Division Bell\" (1994), it was released in November 2014 by Parlophone Records in the United Kingdom and Columbia Records in the United States. It is the third Pink Floyd studio album recorded under the leadership of guitarist David Gilmour following the departure of Roger Waters in 1985, and the first following the death of keyboardist Rick Wright in 2008, who appears posthumously. According to Gilmour, it is the final Pink Floyd album. \"The Endless River\"", "title": "The Endless River" }, { "id": "9296000", "text": "Green Is the Colour \"Green Is the Colour\" is a track on Pink Floyd's 1969 \"More\". It was composed and written by Roger Waters and sung by David Gilmour. A tin whistle is heard in the song, played by drummer Nick Mason's then-wife Lindy. A live version of the song was released as the third single to promote \"The Early Years 1965–1972\" box set in October 2016. Live arrangements of the song were performed as a full electric band piece and at a slower tempo. Richard Wright built a calm sheen of warbling organ sound throughout, which created a more", "title": "Green Is the Colour" }, { "id": "5911371", "text": "Pink Floyd discography The discography of Pink Floyd, a British rock band, consists of fifteen studio albums, three live albums, nine compilation albums, four box sets, five extended plays, and twenty-seven singles. Formed in 1965, Pink Floyd initially earned recognition for their psychedelic or space rock music, and, as they evolved, for their progressive rock music. They are known for philosophical lyrics, sonic experimentation, innovative cover art, and elaborate live shows. One of rock music's most successful acts, the group have sold over 250 million albums worldwide, including 75 million units sold in the United States alone. As a psychedelic", "title": "Pink Floyd discography" }, { "id": "1640788", "text": "employed a publicist and kept themselves distant from the press, their relationship with the media began to sour. Following the publication by \"NME\" of a negative critique of the band's new material, written by Nick Kent (a devotee of Syd Barrett) and Pete Erskine, the band returned to the studio in the first week of 1975. \"Wish You Were Here\" is Floyd's second album with a conceptual theme written entirely by Roger Waters. It reflects his feeling that the camaraderie that had served the band was, by then, largely absent. The album begins with a long instrumental preamble and segues", "title": "Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd album)" }, { "id": "14842964", "text": "Floyd conceptual artist Storm Thorgerson. The album reached 104 in the UK charts. An extra track for CD and iTunes buyers is the previously unreleased 20-minute-long instrumental \"Rhamadan\", available with a link to download it. All songs written and composed by Syd Barrett. All tracks are 2010-digitally-remastered, except where noted. An Introduction to Syd Barrett An Introduction to Syd Barrett is a 'best of' compilation featuring the work of Syd Barrett spanning the period 1967–1970, including both material written during his time with Pink Floyd and his post-band solo career. The album was released in the UK and Europe on", "title": "An Introduction to Syd Barrett" }, { "id": "7771946", "text": "did not have any material ready for the album and asked Waters to delay the recording until he could write some songs, but Waters refused. Gilmour later commented: \"I'm certainly guilty at times of being lazy ... but he wasn't right about wanting to put some duff tracks on \"The Final Cut\".\" \"Rolling Stone\" magazine gave the album five stars, with Kurt Loder calling it \"a superlative achievement ... art rock's crowning masterpiece\". Loder viewed \"The Final Cut\" as \"essentially a Roger Waters solo album\". Gilmour recorded his second solo album, \"About Face\", in 1984, and used it to express", "title": "Pink Floyd" }, { "id": "3804362", "text": "David Gilmour (album) David Gilmour is the debut solo studio album by Pink Floyd guitarist and co-lead vocalist David Gilmour. The album was released in May and June 1978 in the United Kingdom and the United States, respectively. The album reached number 17 in the UK and number 29 on the Billboard US album charts; it was certified Gold in the US by the RIAA. The album was produced by Gilmour, and consists mostly of blues, guitar oriented rock songs except for the piano-dominated ballad \"So Far Away\". The tracks used for the album were recorded between February and March", "title": "David Gilmour (album)" }, { "id": "17862117", "text": "Stevie Blacke Stevie Blacke (born in London, England) is an American musician, arranger and multi-instrumentalist, who is best known for having composed string arrangements on many hit records. Born in London and raised in Ohio, Blacke grew up with the music of Eric Clapton and Pink Floyd, before he attended the Berklee College of Music to study guitar, mandolin and violin. He learned and first recorded cello during a session for a hip hop artist. Since the 1990s, he recorded for artists such as Snoop Dogg, Aaliyah, Anna Nalick, Beck, Brooke Fraser, Backstreet Boys, Timbaland, Minnie Driver, Rihanna, Matchbox Twenty,", "title": "Stevie Blacke" }, { "id": "7771965", "text": "the welter of arguments about who or what was Pink Floyd, Rick's enormous input was frequently forgotten. He was gentle, unassuming and private but his soulful voice and playing were vital, magical components of our most recognised Pink Floyd sound.\" A week after Wright's death, Gilmour performed \"Remember a Day\" from \"A Saucerful of Secrets\", written and originally sung by Wright, in tribute to him. Keyboardist Keith Emerson released a statement praising Wright as the \"backbone\" of Pink Floyd. On 10 July 2010, Waters and Gilmour performed together at a charity event for the Hoping Foundation. The event, which raised", "title": "Pink Floyd" } ]

[ "red blood cells" ]

[ { "id": "898443", "text": "Blood transfusion Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used for various medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and increase iron levels by improving the amount of oxygen found in the body. White blood cells, are not commonly used during transfusion but are related to the immune system and to fight infections.", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898448", "text": "developing countries the donor is sometimes specifically recruited by or for the recipient, typically a family member, and the donation occurs immediately before the transfusion. Donated blood is usually subjected to processing after it is collected, to make it suitable for use in specific patient populations. Collected blood is then separated into blood components by centrifugation: red blood cells, plasma, platelets, albumin protein, clotting factor concentrates, cryoprecipitate, fibrinogen concentrate, and immunoglobulins (antibodies). Red cells, plasma and platelets can also be donated individually via a more complex process called apheresis. Before a recipient receives a transfusion, compatibility testing between donor and", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898464", "text": "to RBC), platelet storage lesion and resulting efficacy loss is also a concern. Globally around 85 million units of red blood cells are transfused in a given year. In the United States, blood transfusions were performed nearly 3 million times during hospitalizations in 2011, making it the most common procedure performed. The rate of hospitalizations with a blood transfusion nearly doubled from 1997, from a rate of 40 stays to 95 stays per 10,000 population. It was the most common procedure performed for patients 45 years of age and older in 2011, and among the top five most common for", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898493", "text": "1979, which increased the blood supply and facilitated resource-sharing among blood banks. , there were about 15 million units of blood products transfused per year in the United States. By 2013, the number had declined to about 11 million units, due to the shift towards laparoscopic surgery and other surgical advances and studies that have shown that many transfusions were unnecessary. For example, the standard of care reduced that amount of blood transfused from 750 to 200 ml. To ensure the safety of blood transfusion to pediatric patients, hospitals are taking additional precaution to avoid infection and prefer to use", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898447", "text": "sources of blood: one's own (autologous transfusion), or someone else's (allogeneic or homologous transfusion). The latter is much more common than the former. Using another's blood must first start with donation of blood. Blood is most commonly donated as whole blood intravenously and collecting it with an anticoagulant. In developed countries, donations are usually anonymous to the recipient, but products in a blood bank are always individually traceable through the whole cycle of donation, testing, separation into components, storage, and administration to the recipient. This enables management and investigation of any suspected transfusion related disease transmission or transfusion reaction. In", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898459", "text": "donor blood. Other rare transmissible infections include hepatitis B, syphilis, Chagas disease, cytomegalovirus infections (in immunocompromised recipients), HTLV, and Babesia. Transfusion inefficacy or insufficient efficacy of a given unit(s) of blood product, while not itself a \"complication\" \"per se\", can nonetheless indirectly lead to complications – in addition to causing a transfusion to fully or partly fail to achieve its clinical purpose. This can be especially significant for certain patient groups such as critical-care or neonatals. For red blood cells (RBC), by far the most commonly transfused product, poor transfusion efficacy can result from units damaged by the so-called storage", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "1684539", "text": "within a day of collection; however, can be used for up to three weeks. The blood is typically combined with an anticoagulant and preservative during the collection process. The first transfusion of whole blood was in 1818; however, common use did not begin until the First and Second World War. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. In the 1980s the cost of whole blood was about 50 USD per unit in the United States. Whole blood is no longer commonly used outside of the", "title": "Whole blood" }, { "id": "1684541", "text": "is done to provide a final product with a very specific hematocrit (percentage of red cells) with type O red cells and type AB plasma to minimize the chance of complications. Historically, blood was transfused as whole blood without further processing. Most blood banks now split the whole blood into two or more components, typically red blood cells and a plasma component such as fresh frozen plasma. Platelets for transfusion can also be prepared from a unit of whole blood. Some blood banks have replaced this with platelets collected by plateletpheresis because whole blood platelets, sometimes called \"random\" platelets, must", "title": "Whole blood" }, { "id": "10002661", "text": "used to restore oxygen-carrying capacity in people with anemia due to trauma or other medical problems, and are by far the most common blood component used in transfusion medicine. Historically they were transfused as part of whole blood, but are now typically used separately as RBCs and plasma components. The process of identifying a compatible blood product for transfusion is complicated. Side effects can include allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, red blood cell breakdown, fluid overload, infection, and lung injury. Giving incompatible RBCs to a person can be fatal. With current testing methods in high-income countries the risk of infection is", "title": "Packed red blood cells" }, { "id": "898444", "text": "Plasma is the liquid part of the blood which acts as a buffer and contains proteins and important substances needed for the bodies overall health. The platelets are in charge of blood clotting and prevent the body from bleeding. Before this was known, doctors believed that blood was a unit with no components. Because of this, many patients were dying due to the transfer of incompatible blood. Historically, red blood cell transfusion was considered when the hemoglobin level fell below 100 g/L or hematocrit falls below 30%. Because each unit of blood given carries risks, a trigger level lower than", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898446", "text": "as chest pain or shortness of breath. In cases where patients have low levels of hemoglobin but are cardiovascularly stable, parenteral iron is a preferred option based on both efficacy and safety. Other blood products are given where appropriate, such as clotting deficiencies. Before a blood transfusion is given, there are many steps taken to ensure quality of the blood products, compatibility, and safety to the recipient. In 2012, a national blood policy was in place in 70% of countries and 62% of countries had specific legislation that covers the safety and quality of blood transfusion. Blood transfusions typically use", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898494", "text": "specially tested pediatric blood units that are guaranteed negative for Cytomegalovirus. Most guidelines recommend the provision of CMV-negative blood components and not simply leukoreduced components for newborns or low birthweight infants in whom the immune system is not fully developed. These specific requirements place additional restrictions on blood donors who can donate for neonatal use. vnv Neonatal transfusions typically fall into one of two categories: A \"massive transfusion protocol\" is used when significant blood loss is present such as in major trauma, when more than ten units of blood are needed. Packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898495", "text": "are generally administered. Typically higher ratios of fresh frozen plasma and platelets are given relative to packed red blood cells. Because blood type O negative is compatible with anyone, it is often overused and in short supply. According to the American Association of Blood Banks, the use of this blood should be restricted to persons with O negative blood, as nothing else is compatible with them, and women who might be pregnant and for whom it would be impossible to do blood group testing before giving them emergency treatment. Whenever possible, the AABB recommends that O negative blood be conserved", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "1516424", "text": "can be life-saving in some situations, such as massive blood loss due to trauma, or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery. Blood transfusions may also be used to treat a severe anaemia or thrombocytopenia caused by a blood disease. People with hemophilia usually need a replacement of clotting factor, which is a small part of whole blood. People with sickle-cell disease may require frequent blood transfusions. Early blood transfusions consisted of whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate. Blood substitutes (also called 'artificial blood'", "title": "Intravenous therapy" }, { "id": "10002660", "text": "Whereas in high-income countries, most blood transfusions are given to people over 65 years of age (up to 76%). In these countries transfusion are most commonly used for supportive care in heart surgery, transplant surgery, massive trauma, and therapy for solid and blood cancers. Due to changes in surgical practices, medical use of blood is now the major use of red blood cells in high-income countries. Blood transfusion is typically recommended when hemoglobin levels reach 70 g/L (7 g/dL) in those who have stable vital signs. For those with heart disease it is recommended at 80g/L (8 g/dL). RBCs are", "title": "Packed red blood cells" }, { "id": "2748889", "text": "and will screen for antibodies to less common antigens. More testing, including a crossmatch, is usually done before a transfusion. Type O negative is often cited as the \"universal donor\" but this only refers to red cell and whole blood transfusions. For plasma and platelet transfusions the system is reversed: AB positive is the universal platelet donor type while both AB positive and AB negative are universal plasma donor types. Most blood is tested for diseases, including some STDs. The tests used are high-sensitivity screening tests and no actual diagnosis is made. Some of the test results are later found", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "2748892", "text": "antibody test to detect infected donors during that period. Cytomegalovirus is a special case in donor testing in that many donors will test positive for it. The virus is not a hazard to a healthy recipient, but it can harm infants and other recipients with weak immune systems. There are two main methods of obtaining blood from a donor. The most frequent is to simply take the blood from a vein as whole blood. This blood is typically separated into parts, usually red blood cells and plasma, since most recipients need only a specific component for transfusions. A typical donation", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "10002657", "text": "Packed red blood cells Packed red blood cells, also known as packed cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion. They are typically used in anemia that is either causing symptoms or when the hemoglobin is less than usually 70–80 g/L (7–8 g/dL). In adults, one unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L (1 g/dL). Repeated transfusions may be required in people receiving cancer chemotherapy or who have hemoglobin disorders. Cross matching is typically required before the blood is given. It is given by injection into a vein. Side effects include allergic reactions such", "title": "Packed red blood cells" }, { "id": "47149", "text": "There are many different blood types in humans, the ABO blood group system, and the Rhesus blood group system being the most important. Transfusion of blood of an incompatible blood group may cause severe, often fatal, complications, so crossmatching is done to ensure that a compatible blood product is transfused. Other blood products administered intravenously are platelets, blood plasma, cryoprecipitate, and specific coagulation factor concentrates. Many forms of medication (from antibiotics to chemotherapy) are administered intravenously, as they are not readily or adequately absorbed by the digestive tract. After severe acute blood loss, liquid preparations, generically known as plasma expanders,", "title": "Blood" }, { "id": "898445", "text": "that, at 70 to 80 g/L, is now usually used as it has been shown to have better patient outcomes. The administration of a single unit of blood is the standard for hospitalized people who are not bleeding, with this treatment then followed with re-assessment and consideration of symptoms and hemoglobin concentration. Patients with poor oxygen saturation may need more blood. The advisory caution to use blood transfusion only with more severe anemia is in part due to evidence that outcomes are worsened if larger amounts are given. One may consider transfusion for people with symptoms of cardiovascular disease such", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "2748876", "text": "Blood donation A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called fractionation (separation of whole-blood components). Donation may be of whole blood, or of specific components directly (the latter called apheresis). Blood banks often participate in the collection process as well as the procedures that follow it. Today in the developed world, most blood donors are unpaid volunteers who donate blood for a community supply. In some countries, established supplies are limited and donors usually give blood when family or friends need a transfusion (directed", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "1684538", "text": "Whole blood Whole blood (WB) is human blood from a standard blood donation. It is used in the treatment of massive bleeding, in exchange transfusion, and when people donate blood to themselves. One unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L. Cross matching is typically done before the blood is given. It is given by injection into a vein. Side effects include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, red blood cell breakdown, high blood potassium, infection, volume overload, and lung injury. Whole blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and blood plasma. It is best", "title": "Whole blood" }, { "id": "898499", "text": "different levels of testing to ensure a compatible match. For example, cats have 3 known blood types, cattle have 11, dogs have 12, pigs 16 and horses have 34. However, in many species (especially horses and dogs), cross matching is not required before the \"first\" transfusion, as antibodies against non-self cell surface antigens are not expressed constitutively – i.e. the animal has to be sensitized before it will mount an immune response against the transfused blood. The rare and experimental practice of inter-species blood transfusions is a form of xenograft. Blood transfusion Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "47121", "text": "Blood Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. In vertebrates, it is composed of blood cells suspended in blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes 55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% by volume), and contains proteins, glucose, mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and blood cells themselves. Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. The blood", "title": "Blood" }, { "id": "898491", "text": "methods into the first successful technique for mass production. Another important breakthrough came in 1939–40 when Karl Landsteiner, Alex Wiener, Philip Levine, and R.E. Stetson discovered the Rhesus blood group system, which was found to be the cause of the majority of transfusion reactions up to that time. Three years later, the introduction by J.F. Loutit and Patrick L. Mollison of acid–citrate–dextrose (ACD) solution, which reduced the volume of anticoagulant, permitted transfusions of greater volumes of blood and allowed longer term storage. Carl Walter and W.P. Murphy Jr. introduced the plastic bag for blood collection in 1950. Replacing breakable glass", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "5364139", "text": "cells into surrounding tissue during each passage through the cardiovascular system. ITPP has been a subject of anti-doping research in both humans and racehorses. Blood transfusions can be traditionally classified as autologous, where the blood donor and transfusion recipient are the same, or as allogeneic/homologous, where the blood is transfused into someone other than the donor. Blood transfusion begins by the withdrawal of 1 to 4 units of blood (1 unit = 450 ml of blood) several weeks before competition. The blood is centrifuged, the plasma components are immediately reinfused, and the corpuscular elements, principally red blood cells (RBCs), are", "title": "Blood doping" }, { "id": "47164", "text": "is cut in a way to ensure that the spine is not severed, hence the brain may send commands to the heart to pump blood to it for oxygen. In this way, blood is removed from the body, and the meat is generally now safe to cook and eat. In modern times, blood transfusions are generally not considered against the rules. Based on their interpretation of scriptures such as Acts 15:28, 29 (\"Keep abstaining...from blood.\"), many Jehovah's Witnesses neither consume blood nor accept transfusions of whole blood or its major components: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets (thrombocytes), and", "title": "Blood" }, { "id": "898452", "text": "suspension of donor cells in a test tube and spun in a serofuge. Agglutination or hemolysis (i.e., positive Coombs test) in the test tube is a positive reaction and the unit should not be transfused. If an antibody is suspected, potential donor units must first be screened for the corresponding antigen by phenotyping them. Antigen negative units are then tested against the patient plasma using an antiglobulin/indirect crossmatch technique at 37 degrees Celsius to enhance reactivity and make the test easier to read. In urgent cases where crossmatching cannot be completed, and the risk of dropping hemoglobin outweighs the risk", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "2748899", "text": "like the plasma from whole blood. Plasma collected at the same time as plateletpheresis is sometimes called \"concurrent plasma\". Apheresis is also used to collect more red blood cells than usual in a single donation (commonly known as \"double reds\") and to collect white blood cells for transfusion. Donors are usually kept at the donation site for 10–15 minutes after donating since most adverse reactions take place during or immediately after the donation. Blood centers typically provide light refreshments, such as orange juice and cookies, or a lunch allowance to help the donor recover. The needle site is covered with", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "898497", "text": "no available \"oxygen-carrying\" blood substitutes, which is the typical objective of a blood (RBC) transfusion; however, there are widely available non-blood \"volume expanders\" for cases where only volume restoration is required. These are helping doctors and surgeons avoid the risks of disease transmission and immune suppression, address the chronic blood donor shortage, and address the concerns of Jehovah's Witnesses and others who have religious objections to receiving transfused blood. A number of blood substitutes have been explored (and still are), but thus far they all suffer from many challenges. Most attempts to find a suitable alternative to blood thus far", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "10002659", "text": "a health system. In the United Kingdom they cost about 120 pounds per unit. A number of other versions also exist including whole blood, leukocyte reduced red blood cells, and washed red blood cells. More than 100 million units of blood are collected each year around the world, and about 50% of these are given to people in high income countries. In low-income countries, the majority of blood transfusions (up to 65%) are given to children under 5 years of age to treat severe childhood anemia. Another major use of blood in low income countries is to treat pregnancy-related complications.", "title": "Packed red blood cells" }, { "id": "1610286", "text": "platelet count is normal but the platelets are dysfunctional, such as when an individual is taking aspirin or clopidogrel. Finally, platelets may be transfused as part of a massive transfusion protocol, in which the three major blood components (red blood cells, plasma, and platelets) are transfused to address severe hemorrhage. Platelet transfusion is contraindicated in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), as it fuels the coagulopathy. Platelets are either isolated from collected units of whole blood and pooled to make a therapeutic dose, or collected by platelet apheresis: blood is taken from the donor, passed through a device which removes the platelets,", "title": "Platelet" }, { "id": "1516689", "text": "Transfusion medicine Transfusion medicine (or \"transfusiology\") is the branch of medicine that is concerned with transfusion of blood and blood components. It encompasses issues of blood donation, immunohematology and other laboratory testing, transfusion practices, patient blood management, therapeutic apheresis, stem cell collections, cellular therapy, and coagulation. Laboratory management and understanding of state and federal regulations related to blood products are also a large part of the field. Transfusion Medicine is usually a branch of clinical pathology. The blood donor center is the facility that collects and processes blood products. The blood bank is the section of the clinical laboratory where", "title": "Transfusion medicine" }, { "id": "12044414", "text": "tests. Antibody tests look for the immune system's response to the infection. Nucleic acid tests look for the genetic material of the virus itself. The third variety are tests that are not specific to the disease but look for other related conditions. High risk activities for transfusion transmitted infections vary, and the amount of caution used for screening donors varies based on how dangerous the disease is. Most of the viral diseases are spread by either sexual contact or by contact with blood, usually either drug use, accidental needle injuries among health care workers, unsterilized tattoo and body piercing equipment,", "title": "Transfusion transmitted infection" }, { "id": "898456", "text": "transfusions, and 1 in 500,000 red blood cell transfusions. Blood product contamination, while rare, is still more common than actual infection. The reason platelets are more often contaminated than other blood products is that they are stored at room temperature for short periods of time. Contamination is also more common with longer duration of storage, especially if that means more than 5 days. Sources of contaminants include the donor's blood, donor's skin, phlebotomist's skin, and containers. Contaminating organisms vary greatly, and include skin flora, gut flora, and environmental organisms. There are many strategies in place at blood donation centers and", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898476", "text": "immunological reaction occurs when the receiver of a blood transfusion has antibodies against the donor blood cells. The destruction of red blood cells releases free hemoglobin into the bloodstream, which can have fatal consequences. Landsteiner's work made it possible to determine blood group and allowed a way for blood transfusions to be carried out much more safely. For this discovery he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1930, and many other blood groups have been discovered since. George Washington Crile is credited with performing the first surgery using a direct blood transfusion in 1906 at St.", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "2459213", "text": "These products generally have the same shelf life and storage conditions as their conventionally-produced counterparts. Donors are sometimes paid; in the U.S. and Europe, most blood \"for transfusion\" is collected from volunteers while plasma for other purposes may be from paid donors. Most collection facilities as well as hospital blood banks also perform testing to determine the blood type of patients and to identify compatible blood products, along with a battery of tests (e.g. disease) and treatments (e.g. leukocyte filtration) to ensure or enhance quality. The increasingly recognized problem of inadequate efficacy of transfusion is also raising the profile of", "title": "Blood bank" }, { "id": "1684637", "text": "Blood plasma Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside cells). It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins (6–8%) (i.e.—serum albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen), glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes (Na, Ca, Mg, HCO, Cl, etc.), hormones, carbon dioxide (plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation) and oxygen.", "title": "Blood plasma" }, { "id": "2748879", "text": "be done manually or with automated equipment that takes only specific components of the blood. Most of the components of blood used for transfusions have a short shelf life, and maintaining a constant supply is a persistent problem. This has led to some increased interest in autotransfusion, whereby a patient's blood is salvaged during surgery for continuous reinfusion—or alternatively, is \"self-donated\" \"prior\" to when it will be needed. (Generally, the notion of \"donation\" does not refer to giving to one's \"self\", though in this context it has become somewhat acceptably idiomatic.) Blood donations are divided into groups based on who", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "7582249", "text": "at warmer temperatures. People with hematological disorders or cancer receive the largest proportion of platelet transfusions. Most are given to prevent bleeding during treatment with chemotherapy or stem cell transplant. Much of the remainder are used in general medicine, cardiac surgery and in intensive care. Unlike other blood products demand for platelet transfusions appears to be increasing in several countries around the world. An ageing population, an increase in the number of people with blood cancer, and changes to the management of these cancers are likely the major reasons for the rise in demand for platelets. Since 1990, the number", "title": "Platelet transfusion" }, { "id": "8507098", "text": "Exchange transfusion An exchange transfusion is a blood transfusion in which the patient's blood or components of it are exchanged with (replaced by) other blood or blood products. Most simple blood transfusions involve adding blood or blood products without removing any blood. In contrast, an exchange transfusion can be via manual removal of blood followed by replacement or via a machine (apheresis). Exchange transfusion is used in the treatment of a number of diseases, including sickle-cell disease, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Partial exchange might be required for polycythemia. Nearly all exchange transfusions are allogeneic (that", "title": "Exchange transfusion" }, { "id": "6751969", "text": "and each donation usually gives two or three adult doses. One adult dose of platelets would otherwise require four whole blood donations. Blood is made in the bone marrow. It is composed of red blood cells, platelets, plasma and white blood cells, collectively referred to as blood components. Donations given at regular blood donation sessions are referred to as \"Whole Blood\". Platelets are very small cells. They work with the clotting factors in plasma to form a mesh \"plug\" to stop or prevent bleeding. Plasma is the fluid part of the blood. It contains protein, salts and clotting factors. White", "title": "Blood donation in England" }, { "id": "21007993", "text": "Allergic transfusion reaction An allergic transfusion reaction is a blood transfusion that results in allergic reaction. It is among the most common transfusion reactions to occur. Reported rates depend on the degree of active surveillance versus passing reporting to the blood bank. Overall, they are estimated to complicate up to 3% of all transfusions. The incidence of allergic transfusion reactions is associated with the amount of plasma in the product. More than 90% of these reactions occur during transfusion. Allergic reactions from blood transfusion may occur from the presence of allergy-causing antigens within the donor's blood, or transfusion of antibodies", "title": "Allergic transfusion reaction" }, { "id": "898451", "text": "presence of one or more antibodies. Not all antibodies are clinically significant (i.e. cause transfusion reactions, HDN, etc.). Once the patient has developed a clinically significant antibody it is vital that the patient receive antigen-negative red blood cells to prevent future transfusion reactions. A direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test) is also performed as part of the antibody investigation. If there is no antibody present, an immediate spin crossmatch or computer assisted crossmatch is performed where the recipient serum and donor rbc are incubated. In the immediate spin method, two drops of patient serum are tested against a drop of 3–5%", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "12676578", "text": "blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. Blood transfusions can be life-saving in some situations, such as massive blood loss due to trauma, or can be used to replace blood lost during surgery. Blood transfusions may also be used to treat a severe anaemia or thrombocytopenia caused by a blood disease. People suffering from hemophilia or sickle-cell disease may require frequent blood transfusions. Early transfusions used Whole Blood, but modern medical practice is to use only components of the blood. The operation is carried out in the following order: bone fixation, tendon repair, artery", "title": "Transplantable organs and tissues" }, { "id": "11730851", "text": "Blood product A blood product is any therapeutic substance prepared from human blood. This includes: whole blood; blood components; and plasma derivatives. Whole blood is not commonly used in transfusion medicine. Blood components include: red blood cell concentrates or suspensions; platelets produced from whole blood or via apheresis; plasma; and cryoprecipitate. Plasma derivatives are plasma proteins prepared under pharmaceutical manufacturing conditions, these include: albumin; coagulation factor concentrates; and immunoglobulins. Blood products may also be called blood-based products to differ from blood substitutes, which usually refer to artificially produced products. Also, although many blood products have the effect of volume expansion,", "title": "Blood product" }, { "id": "898455", "text": "be grouped as immunological or infectious. There is controversy on potential quality degradation during storage. The use of greater amount of red blood cells is associated with a high risk of infections. In those who were given red blood only with significant anemia infection rates were 12% while in those who were given red blood at milder levels of anemia infection rates were 17%. On rare occasions, blood products are contaminated with bacteria. This can result in a life-threatening infection known as transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection. The risk of severe bacterial infection is estimated, , at about 1 in 50,000 platelet", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "2748894", "text": "purpose. This process is especially common for plasma and platelets. For direct transfusions a vein can be used but the blood may be taken from an artery instead. In this case, the blood is not stored, but is pumped directly from the donor into the recipient. This was an early method for blood transfusion and is rarely used in modern practice. It was phased out during World War II because of problems with logistics, and doctors returning from treating wounded soldiers set up banks for stored blood when they returned to civilian life. The blood is drawn from a large", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "898458", "text": "many cases of HIV seropositive blood were missed. The development of a nucleic acid test for the HIV-1 RNA has dramatically lowered the rate of donor blood seropositivity to about 1 in 3 million units. As transmittance of HIV does not necessarily mean HIV infection, the latter could still occur at an even lower rate. The transmission of hepatitis C via transfusion currently stands at a rate of about 1 in 2 million units. As with HIV, this low rate has been attributed to the ability to screen for both antibodies as well as viral RNA nucleic acid testing in", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898453", "text": "of transfusing uncrossmatched blood, O-negative blood is used, followed by crossmatch as soon as possible. O-negative is also used for children and women of childbearing age. It is preferable for the laboratory to obtain a pre-transfusion sample in these cases so a type and screen can be performed to determine the actual blood group of the patient and to check for alloantibodies. This chart shows possible matches in blood transfusion between donor and receiver using ABO and Rh system. In the same way that the safety of pharmaceutical products is overseen by pharmacovigilance, the safety of blood and blood products", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898450", "text": "warrants an antibody panel/investigation to determine if it is clinically significant. An antibody panel consists of commercially prepared group O red cell suspensions from donors that have been phenotyped for antigens that correspond to commonly encountered and clinically significant alloantibodies. Donor cells may have homozygous (e.g. K+k+), heterozygous (K+k-) expression or no expression of various antigens (K−k−). The phenotypes of all the donor cells being tested are shown in a chart. The patient's serum is tested against the various donor cells. Based on the reactions of the patient's serum against the donor cells, a pattern will emerge to confirm the", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898496", "text": "by using blood type testing to identify a less scarce alternative. Jehovah's Witnesses object to blood transfusions due to their belief that blood is sacred. Although there are clinical situations where transfusion with red blood cells is the only clinically appropriate option, clinicians look at whether alternatives as feasible. This can be due to several reasons, such as patient safety, economic burden or scarcity of blood. Guidelines recommend blood transfusions should be reserved for patients with or at risk of cardiovascular instability due to the degree of their anaemia. In these cases parenteral iron is recommended. Thus far, there are", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898492", "text": "bottles with durable plastic bags made from PVC allowed for the evolution of a collection system capable of safe and easy preparation of multiple blood components from a single unit of whole blood. In the field of cancer surgery replacement of massive blood loss became a major problem. The cardiac arrest rate was high. In 1963, C. Paul Boyan and William S. Howland discovered that the temperature of the blood and the rate of infusion greatly affected survival rates, and introduced blood warming to surgery. Further extending the shelf life of stored blood was an anticoagulant preservative, CPDA-1, introduced in", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898463", "text": "RBC blood product prior to their transfusion, though there is exploration of potentially relevant tests based on RBC membrane properties such as erythrocyte deformability and erythrocyte fragility (mechanical). Physicians have adopted a so-called \"restrictive protocol\" – whereby transfusion is held to a minimum – due in part to the noted uncertainties surrounding storage lesion, in addition to the very high direct and indirect costs of transfusions. Of course, restrictive protocol is not an option with some especially vulnerable patients who may require the best possible efforts to rapidly restore tissue oxygenation. Although transfusions of platelets are far less numerous (relative", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "7582250", "text": "of stem cell transplants performed in Europe has risen from 4,200 to over 40,000 annually. Platelet transfusions came into medical use in the 1950s and 1960s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about 200 pounds per unit. Platelets can be produced either from whole blood donations or by apheresis. They keep for up to five to seven days. Platelet components can have had the white blood cells partially removed (leucodepleted) which decreases the risk of having", "title": "Platelet transfusion" }, { "id": "1684644", "text": "would lead to needless deaths as soldiers and sailors were required to wait for \"same race\" blood. By the end of the war the American Red Cross had provided enough blood for over six million plasma packages. Most of the surplus plasma was returned to the United States for civilian use. Serum albumin replaced dried plasma for combat use during the Korean War. Plasma as a blood product prepared from blood donations is used in blood transfusions, typically as fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or plasma Frozen Within 24 Hours After Phlebotomy (PF24). When donating whole blood or packed red blood", "title": "Blood plasma" }, { "id": "12044413", "text": "put them at risk for infection. If a local supply is not safe, blood may be imported from other areas. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to the best known of the transfusion transmitted diseases, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Blood that is processed into medications by fractionation is treated in a multi-step process called pathogen inactivation that is analogous to pasteurization: it destroys most viruses and bacteria in the blood. Donors are still screened and tested. Many of these viruses are controlled through laboratory screening tests. These fall into three basic varieties: antibody tests, nucleic acid tests (NAT), and surrogate", "title": "Transfusion transmitted infection" }, { "id": "898472", "text": "a heated controversy in Britain and France. Finally, in 1668, the Royal Society and the French government both banned the procedure. The Vatican condemned these experiments in 1670. Blood transfusions fell into obscurity for the next 150 years. The science of blood transfusion dates to the first decade of the 20th century, with the discovery of distinct blood types leading to the practice of mixing some blood from the donor and the receiver before the transfusion (an early form of cross-matching). In the early 19th century, British obstetrician Dr. James Blundell made efforts to treat hemorrhage by transfusion of human", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "47136", "text": "hemoglobin with a much higher affinity for oxygen (hemoglobin F) to function under these conditions. CO is carried in blood in three different ways. (The exact percentages vary depending whether it is arterial or venous blood). Most of it (about 70%) is converted to bicarbonate ions by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cells by the reaction CO + HO → HCO → H + ; about 7% is dissolved in the plasma; and about 23% is bound to hemoglobin as carbamino compounds. Hemoglobin, the main oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells, carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide.", "title": "Blood" }, { "id": "47150", "text": "can be given intravenously, either solutions of salts (NaCl, KCl, CaCl etc.) at physiological concentrations, or colloidal solutions, such as dextrans, human serum albumin, or fresh frozen plasma. In these emergency situations, a plasma expander is a more effective life-saving procedure than a blood transfusion, because the metabolism of transfused red blood cells does not restart immediately after a transfusion. In modern evidence-based medicine, bloodletting is used in management of a few rare diseases, including hemochromatosis and polycythemia. However, bloodletting and leeching were common unvalidated interventions used until the 19th century, as many diseases were incorrectly thought to be due", "title": "Blood" }, { "id": "3814011", "text": "Perfusion Perfusion is the passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue, usually referring to the delivery of blood to a capillary bed in tissue. Perfusion is measured as the rate at which blood is delivered to tissue, or volume of blood per unit time (blood flow) per unit tissue mass. The SI unit is m/(s·kg), although for human organs perfusion is typically reported in ml/min/g. The word is derived from the French verb \"perfuser\" meaning to \"pour over or through\". All animal tissues require an adequate blood supply for health and", "title": "Perfusion" }, { "id": "898457", "text": "laboratories to reduce the risk of contamination. A definite diagnosis of transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection includes the identification of a positive culture in the recipient (without an alternative diagnosis) as well as the identification of the same organism in the donor blood. Since the advent of HIV testing of donor blood in the mid/later 1980s, ex. 1985's ELISA, the transmission of HIV during transfusion has dropped dramatically. Prior testing of donor blood only included testing for antibodies to HIV. However, due to latent infection (the \"window period\" in which an individual is infectious, but has not had time to develop antibodies)", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "766106", "text": "second in human adults. The cells develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–120 days in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages. Each circulation takes about 60 seconds (one minute). Approximately a quarter of the cells in the human body are red blood cells. Nearly half of the blood's volume (40% to 45%) is red blood cells. Packed red blood cells (pRBC) are red blood cells that have been donated, processed, and stored in a blood bank for blood transfusion. Almost all vertebrates, including all mammals and humans, have red blood cells. Red blood cells", "title": "Red blood cell" }, { "id": "898449", "text": "recipient blood must be done. The first step before a transfusion is given is to type and screen the recipient's blood. Typing of recipient's blood determines the ABO and Rh status. The sample is then screened for any alloantibodies that may react with donor blood. It takes about 45 minutes to complete (depending on the method used). The blood bank scientist also checks for special requirements of the patient (e.g. need for washed, irradiated or CMV negative blood) and the history of the patient to see if they have previously identified antibodies and any other serological anomalies. A positive screen", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "2459209", "text": "bags allowed for the evolution of a collection system capable of safe and easy preparation of multiple blood components from a single unit of whole blood. Further extending the shelf life of stored blood was an anticoagulant preservative, CPDA-1, introduced in 1979, which increased the blood supply and facilitated resource-sharing among blood banks. In the U.S., certain standards are set for the collection and processing of each blood product. \"Whole blood\" (WB) is the proper name for one defined product, specifically unseparated venous blood with an approved preservative added. Most blood for transfusion is collected as whole blood. Autologous donations", "title": "Blood bank" }, { "id": "10002668", "text": "are used in these situations, since they are unlikely to cause a reaction. A potentially fatal reaction is possible if the recipient has pre-existing antibodies, and uncrossmatched blood is only used in dire circumstances. Since O negative blood is not common, other blood types may be used if the situation is desperate. Most frequently, whole blood is collected from a blood donation and is spun in a centrifuge. The red blood cells are denser and settle to the bottom, and the majority of the liquid blood plasma remains on the top. The plasma is separated and the red blood cells", "title": "Packed red blood cells" }, { "id": "898486", "text": "the demand for blood and the paucity of available donors. With support from the Department of Health of the Spanish Republican Army, Duran established a blood bank for the use of wounded soldiers and civilians. The 300–400 mL of extracted blood was mixed with 10% citrate solution in a modified Duran Erlenmeyer flask. The blood was stored in a sterile glass enclosed under pressure at 2 °C. During 30 months of work, the Transfusion Service of Barcelona registered almost 30,000 donors, and processed 9,000 liters of blood. In 1937 Bernard Fantus, director of therapeutics at the Cook County Hospital in", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "1684540", "text": "developing world and military. It is used to make a number of blood products including packed red blood cells, platelet concentrate, cryoprecipitate, and fresh frozen plasma. Whole blood has similar risks to a transfusion of red blood cells and must be cross-matched to avoid hemolytic transfusion reactions. Most of the indications for use are identical to those for RBCs, and whole blood is not used because the extra plasma can contribute to transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO), a potentially dangerous complication. Whole blood is sometimes \"recreated\" from stored red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for neonatal transfusions. This", "title": "Whole blood" }, { "id": "766142", "text": "Blood cell A blood cell, also called a hematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte, is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood. Major types of blood cells include; Together, these three kinds of blood cells add up to a total 45% of the blood tissue by volume, with the remaining 55% of the volume composed of plasma, the liquid component of blood. Red blood cells or \"erythrocytes\", primarily carry oxygen and collect carbon dioxide through the use of haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that gives red blood cells their color and facilitates transportation of oxygen from", "title": "Blood cell" }, { "id": "11730852", "text": "the group is usually distinguished from volume expanders, which typically refer to artificially produced substances and are thereby within the scope of \"blood substitutes\". Blood product A blood product is any therapeutic substance prepared from human blood. This includes: whole blood; blood components; and plasma derivatives. Whole blood is not commonly used in transfusion medicine. Blood components include: red blood cell concentrates or suspensions; platelets produced from whole blood or via apheresis; plasma; and cryoprecipitate. Plasma derivatives are plasma proteins prepared under pharmaceutical manufacturing conditions, these include: albumin; coagulation factor concentrates; and immunoglobulins. Blood products may also be called blood-based", "title": "Blood product" }, { "id": "2244024", "text": "Serum (blood) In blood, the serum () is the component that is neither a blood cell (serum does not contain white blood cells- leukocytes, or red blood cells- erythrocytes), nor a clotting factor; it is the blood plasma not including the fibrinogens. Serum includes all proteins not used in blood clotting and all the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones, and any exogenous substances (e.g., drugs and microorganisms). The study of serum is serology. Serum is used in numerous diagnostic tests, as well as blood typing. Measurements of serum concentrations has proved useful in many fields including clinical trials of therapeutic vs", "title": "Serum (blood)" }, { "id": "47122", "text": "cells are mainly red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called WBCs or leukocytes) and platelets (also called thrombocytes). The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells. These contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein, which facilitates oxygen transport by reversibly binding to this respiratory gas and greatly increasing its solubility in blood. In contrast, carbon dioxide is mostly transported extracellularly as bicarbonate ion transported in plasma. Vertebrate blood is bright red when its hemoglobin is oxygenated and dark red when it is deoxygenated. Some animals, such as crustaceans and mollusks, use hemocyanin to", "title": "Blood" }, { "id": "898489", "text": "the US in 1940 and Edwin Cohn pioneered the process of blood fractionation. He worked out the techniques for isolating the serum albumin fraction of blood plasma, which is essential for maintaining the osmotic pressure in the blood vessels, preventing their collapse. The use of blood plasma as a substitute for whole blood and for transfusion purposes was proposed as early as 1918, in the correspondence columns of the \"British Medical Journal\", by Gordon R. Ward. At the onset of World War II, liquid plasma was used in Britain. A large project, known as 'Blood for Britain' began in August", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "7705187", "text": "blood transfusion. Only about one in every 15 dogs is negative for all antigens and thus, a universal donor. Cats have A, B, and AB blood types with specific factors, but there is no universal donor type Recipient and donor blood must be properly cross-matched. Red cells from the donor are mixed with the serum of the recipient in major cross-matching. In a minor cross-match, the recipient's red cells are compared with the donor's serum. Blood donors must meet specific requirements in order to qualify to donate. They must weigh at least 50 lb for dogs and 10 lb for", "title": "Organ replacement in animals" }, { "id": "2748881", "text": "a consistent supply. When a person has blood stored that will be transfused back to the donor at a later date, usually after surgery, that is called an 'autologous' donation. Blood that is used to make medications can be made from allogeneic donations or from donations exclusively used for manufacturing. Blood is sometimes collected using similar methods for therapeutic phlebotomy, similar to the ancient practice of bloodletting, which is used to treat conditions such as hereditary hemochromatosis or polycythemia vera. This blood is sometimes treated as a blood donation, but may be immediately discarded if it cannot be used for", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "1698270", "text": "passive: it is dependent on the intracapillary blood pressure. About one-fifth of the plasma is filtered as the blood passes through the glomerular capillaries; four-fifths continues into the peritubular capillaries. Normally the only components of the blood that are not filtered into Bowman's capsule are blood proteins, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Over 150 liters of fluid enter the glomeruli of an adult every day: 99% of the water in that filtrate is reabsorbed. Reabsorption occurs in the renal tubules and is either passive, due to diffusion, or active, due to pumping against a concentration gradient. Secretion", "title": "Nephron" }, { "id": "898460", "text": "lesion – a range of biochemical and biomechanical changes that occur during storage. With red cells, this can decrease viability and ability for tissue oxygenation. Although some of the biochemical changes are reversible after the blood is transfused, the biomechanical changes are less so, and rejuvenation products are not yet able to adequately reverse this phenomenon. There has been controversy about whether a given product unit's age is a factor in transfusion efficacy, specifically about whether \"older\" blood directly or indirectly increases risks of complications. Studies have not been consistent on answering this question, with some showing that older blood", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "2748910", "text": "of the 2012 World Blood Donor Day campaign, \"Every blood donor is a hero\" focuses on the idea that everyone can become a hero by giving blood. , the WHO estimated that more than 81 million units of blood were being collected annually. In the United States it is estimated that 111 million citizens are eligible blood donors, or 37% of the population. However less than 10% of the 37% eligible blood donors donate annually. In the UK the NHS reports blood donation levels at \"only 4%\" while in Canada the rate is 3.5%. In patients prone to iron overload,", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "2748891", "text": "basic tests on all blood donations. A variety of other tests for transfusion transmitted infections are often used based on local requirements. Additional testing is expensive, and in some cases the tests are not implemented because of the cost. These additional tests include other infectious diseases such as West Nile Virus, and babesiosis. Sometimes multiple tests are used for a single disease to cover the limitations of each test. For example, the HIV antibody test will not detect a recently infected donor, so some blood banks use a p24 antigen or HIV nucleic acid test in addition to the basic", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "766134", "text": "by giving blood. Blood is usually collected and tested for common or serious Blood-borne diseases including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV. The blood type (A, B, AB, or O) or the blood product is identified. This relates to the presence of antigens on the cell's surface. After this process, the blood is stored, and within a short duration is used. Blood can be given as a whole product or the red blood cells separated as packed red blood cells. Blood is often transfused when there is known anaemia, active bleeding, or when there is an expectation of serious blood", "title": "Red blood cell" }, { "id": "2459214", "text": "RBC viability and quality. Notably, U.S. hospitals spend more on dealing with the consequences of transfusion-related complications than on the combined costs of buying, testing/treating, and transfusing their blood. Routine blood storage is 42 days or 6 weeks for stored packed \"red blood cells\" (also called \"StRBC\" or \"pRBC\"), by far the most commonly transfused blood product, and involves refrigeration but usually not freezing. There has been increasing controversy about whether a given product unit's age is a factor in transfusion efficacy, specifically on whether \"older\" blood directly or indirectly increases risks of complications. Studies have not been consistent on", "title": "Blood bank" }, { "id": "1516693", "text": "improve transfusion medicine practise. The programme is reviewed each annually in January. In the UK there is a constant worry that a blood transfusion can lead to the transmission of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Transfusion medicine Transfusion medicine (or \"transfusiology\") is the branch of medicine that is concerned with transfusion of blood and blood components. It encompasses issues of blood donation, immunohematology and other laboratory testing, transfusion practices, patient blood management, therapeutic apheresis, stem cell collections, cellular therapy, and coagulation. Laboratory management and understanding of state and federal regulations related to blood products are also a large part of the field. Transfusion", "title": "Transfusion medicine" }, { "id": "898461", "text": "is indeed less effective but with others showing no such difference; these developments are being closely followed by hospital blood bankers – who are the physicians, typically pathologists, who collect and manage inventories of transfusable blood units. Certain regulatory measures are in place to minimize RBC storage lesion – including a maximum shelf life (currently 42 days), a maximum auto-hemolysis threshold (currently 1% in the US, 0.8% in Europe), and a minimum level of post-transfusion RBC survival \"in vivo\" (currently 75% after 24 hours). However, all of these criteria are applied in a universal manner that does not account for", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "898488", "text": "Whitby and in control of four large blood depots around the country. British policy through the war was to supply military personnel with blood from centralized depots, in contrast to the approach taken by the Americans and Germans where troops at the front were bled to provide required blood. The British method proved to be more successful at adequately meeting all requirements and over 700,000 donors were bled over the course of the war. This system evolved into the National Blood Transfusion Service established in 1946, the first national service to be implemented. A blood collection program was initiated in", "title": "Blood transfusion" }, { "id": "7582240", "text": "Platelet transfusion Platelet transfusion, also known as platelet concentrate, is used to prevent or treat bleeding in people with either a low platelet count or poor platelet function. Often this occurs in people receiving cancer chemotherapy. Preventative transfusion is often done in those with platelet levels of less than 10 x 10/L. In those who are bleeding transfusion is usually carried out at less than 50 x 10/L. Blood group matching (ABO, RhD) is typically recommended before platelets are given. Unmatched platelets, however, are often used due to the unavailability of matched platelets. They are given by injection into a", "title": "Platelet transfusion" }, { "id": "8507099", "text": "is, the new blood or blood products come from another person or persons, via donated blood); autologous exchange transfusion is possible (using autologous blood banking), but there are not many situations in which a need for it arises, as most autologous transfusions involve no exchange. An exchange transfusion requires that the patient's blood can be removed and replaced. In most cases, this involves placing one or more thin tubes, called catheters, into a blood vessel. The exchange transfusion is done in cycles: each one usually lasts a few minutes. The patient’s blood is slowly withdrawn (usually about 5 to 20", "title": "Exchange transfusion" }, { "id": "6751970", "text": "cells fight harmful bacteria and help prevent infection. Red cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Most platelet donations are given to patients who are unable to make enough platelets in their bone marrow. For example, patients with leukaemia or other cancers may have too few platelets as the result of their disease or treatment. Also after major surgery or extensive injury, patients may need platelet transfusions to replace those lost through bleeding. Platelets are often life-saving and special in that they can help up to 3 adults or even 12 children. As platelets can only be stored", "title": "Blood donation in England" }, { "id": "6314826", "text": "Transfusion transmitted virus TT virus (TTV) was the first member of the new family Anelloviridae to be discovered. TTV, for transfusion transmitted virus or torque teno virus was first reported in a Japanese patient in 1997 by the research scientist T. Nishizawa. The virus is extremely common, even in healthy individuals—as much as 100% prevalent in some countries, and in approximately 10% of blood donors in the UK and the US. Although it does not appear to cause symptoms of hepatitis on its own, it is often found in patients with liver disease. For the most part, TTV infection is", "title": "Transfusion transmitted virus" }, { "id": "10002667", "text": "used to identify if the recipient has any antibodies to any of these other blood group systems. If the screening test is positive, a complex set of tests must follow to identify which antibody the recipient has by process of elimination. Finding suitable blood for transfusion when a recipient has multiple antibodies or antibodies to extremely common antigens can be very difficult and time-consuming. Because this testing can take time, doctors will sometimes order a unit of blood transfused before it can be completed if the recipient is in critical condition. Typically two to four units of O negative blood", "title": "Packed red blood cells" }, { "id": "16078099", "text": "Transfusion therapy (Sickle-cell disease) Red blood cells (erythrocytes) from donors contain normal hemoglobin (HbA), and transfusion of normal red blood cells into people with sickle cell disease reduces the percentage of red cells in the circulation containing the abnormal hemoglobin (HbS). Although transfusion of donor red blood cells can ameliorate and even prevent complications of sickle cell disease in certain circumstances, transfusion therapy is not universally beneficial in sickle cell disease. There are two main types of transfusion, simple red cell transfusion and exchange transfusion. Involves transfusing red blood cells without removing any of the patient’s blood. Exchange transfusion involves", "title": "Transfusion therapy (Sickle-cell disease)" }, { "id": "47131", "text": "bone marrow in a process called hematopoiesis, which includes erythropoiesis, the production of red blood cells; and myelopoiesis, the production of white blood cells and platelets. During childhood, almost every human bone produces red blood cells; as adults, red blood cell production is limited to the larger bones: the bodies of the vertebrae, the breastbone (sternum), the ribcage, the pelvic bones, and the bones of the upper arms and legs. In addition, during childhood, the thymus gland, found in the mediastinum, is an important source of T lymphocytes. The proteinaceous component of blood (including clotting proteins) is produced predominantly by", "title": "Blood" }, { "id": "7582241", "text": "vein. Side effects can include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, infection, and lung injury. Bacterial infections are relatively more common with platelets as they are stored at warmer temperatures. Platelets can be produced either from whole blood or by apheresis. They keep for up to five to seven days. Platelet transfusions came into medical use in the 1950s and 1960s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about 200 pounds per unit. Some versions of platelets have", "title": "Platelet transfusion" }, { "id": "1684648", "text": "having a similar ion concentration to that of human blood plasma. SBF is normally used for the surface modification of metallic implants, and more recently in gene delivery application. Blood plasma Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid (all body fluid outside cells). It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume), and contains dissolved proteins (6–8%)", "title": "Blood plasma" }, { "id": "47125", "text": "the presence of potential molecular fibers in the form of fibrinogen. Blood performs many important functions within the body, including: Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, with an average density around 1060 kg/m, very close to pure water's density of 1000 kg/m. The average adult has a blood volume of roughly , which is composed of plasma and several kinds of cells. These blood cells (which are also called corpuscles or \"formed elements\") consist of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of", "title": "Blood" }, { "id": "2748880", "text": "will receive the collected blood. An 'allogeneic' (also called 'homologous') donation is when a donor gives blood for storage at a blood bank for transfusion to an unknown recipient. A 'directed' donation is when a person, often a family member, donates blood for transfusion to a specific individual. Directed donations are relatively rare when an established supply exists. A 'replacement donor' donation is a hybrid of the two and is common in developing countries such as Ghana. In this case, a friend or family member of the recipient donates blood to replace the stored blood used in a transfusion, ensuring", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "2748886", "text": "the FDA. Autologous donors are not always screened for recipient safety problems since the donor is the only person who will receive the blood. Since the donated blood may be given to pregnant women or a women of child-bearing age, donors taking teratogenic (birth defect causing) medications are deferred. These medications include acitretin, etretinate, isotretinoin, finasteride and dutasteride. Donors are examined for signs and symptoms of diseases that can be transmitted in a blood transfusion, such as HIV, malaria, and viral hepatitis. Screening may include questions about risk factors for various diseases, such as travel to countries at risk for", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "2748888", "text": "will not make them anemic, and this check is the most common reason that a donor is ineligible. Pulse, blood pressure, and body temperature are also evaluated. Elderly donors are sometimes also deferred on age alone because of health concerns. The safety of donating blood during pregnancy has not been studied thoroughly, and pregnant women are usually deferred until six weeks after the pregnancy. The donor's blood type must be determined if the blood will be used for transfusions. The collecting agency usually identifies whether the blood is type A, B, AB, or O and the donor's Rh (D) type", "title": "Blood donation" }, { "id": "10002674", "text": "United States. Without capitalization, it is simply generic without specifying whether or not the cells comprise a blood product, patient blood, etc. (with other generic terms for it being \"erythrocyte\" and \"red cell\"). Packed red blood cells Packed red blood cells, also known as packed cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion. They are typically used in anemia that is either causing symptoms or when the hemoglobin is less than usually 70–80 g/L (7–8 g/dL). In adults, one unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L (1 g/dL). Repeated transfusions may be required in", "title": "Packed red blood cells" }, { "id": "7425435", "text": "supplied CSL with donated blood for use in research and manufacture of medical products (e.g. serum for transfusion). In 1994, CSL was privatised, becoming CSL Limited. The ARCBS continued to supply CSL with donated blood. Blood donated in Australia has been tested for Hepatitis B since 1972, HIV-1 since 1985, Hepatitis C since 1990, HIV-2 since 1992/3, and HTLV-1 since 1993. As with other blood transfusion services, the ARCBS has had to strike a balance between protecting blood recipients against infection, and accepting enough donors to maintain an adequate supply of blood. This has led to debate over which categories", "title": "Australian Red Cross Blood Service" }, { "id": "1516690", "text": "clinical laboratory scientists process and distribute blood products. Both areas are typically overseen by either a general pathologist or a specialist in Transfusion Medicine. In 1628, English physician William Harvey discovered that blood circulates around the body. Soon thereafter, the first blood transfusion was attempted. In 1665 another English doctor Richard Lower successfully used blood transfusion between dogs to keep them alive. Karl Landsteiner is recognized as the father of transfusion medicine. Karl Landsteiner is credited with the first classification of human blood into the four types (A, B, AB, O) of the ABO blood group system. In Denmark, the", "title": "Transfusion medicine" } ]

[ "Gene Tenace" ]

[ { "id": "3336598", "text": "Royals won the final game (and event) at Municipal Stadium, a 4–0 win over the Texas Rangers on October 4, 1972, in what was also the final Major League game managed by Hall of Famer Ted Williams. Amos Otis scored the final run in Municipal Stadium history and Ed Kirkpatrick had the final hit. Four days prior Gene Tenace of the Oakland A's hit the final home run, and John Mayberry hit the final Royals home run the night before. Franchise owner Lamar Hunt moved the Dallas Texans of the fledgling American Football League (AFL) to Kansas City after the", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "3336606", "text": "Clemente (His first All-Star Game), Stan Musial, Yogi Berra, Roger Maris, Whitey Ford, Brooks Robinson, Ernie Banks, Eddie Mathews, Bill Mazeroski, Al Kaline, Orlando Cepeda, Nellie Fox and Luis Aparicio. Ernie Banks, Del Crandall and Al Kaline hit home runs in the contest. On September 17, 1964, The Beatles played the stadium as part of their first U.S. tour. The date was originally supposed to be an off-day for the band following a concert in New Orleans, but they agreed to perform when Finley offered their manager, Brian Epstein, a then-record sum of $150,000 (equivalent to $1.14 million in 2014).", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "6021716", "text": "run ever at Kansas City's Municipal Stadium on September 29, 1972 in a 9-2 Royals win over the Oakland Athletics. Oakland's Gene Tenace hit the final home run in the stadium's history the following night as the A's defeated the Royals 10-5. Mayberry was with Toronto for the 1978 through 1981 seasons, and part of the 1982 season. With Toronto, hit above .250 only in 1979, and had highs of 30 home runs and 82 RBIs in 1980; his production never returned to his 1975 level. In his last three seasons, Mayberry began to strike out more than walk, a", "title": "John Mayberry" }, { "id": "5165409", "text": "Triple-A Pacific Coast League Phoenix Firebirds, formerly the Phoenix Giants, until 1992, when Scottsdale Stadium was opened. The first spring training game was played on March 8, 1964, in which the Giants beat Cleveland, 6-2. Willie Mays hit the first home run at the park, in front of a crowd of 8,582. In attendance, for the dedication ceremonies, were Commissioner Ford Frick, National League President Warren Giles, and Giants owner Horace Stoneham. In 2013, The Arizona Board of Regents approved Arizona State University's 25-year lease to Phoenix Municipal Stadium. The stadium is 2.5 miles from Arizona State's main campus in", "title": "Phoenix Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "3336594", "text": "club finished in or near last place nearly every year. A small zoo with goats and sheep and picnic area stood behind the right-field fence. When home runs were hit into the field the goats and sheep would scamper up the hill. At the same time, Finley replaced the Athletics' old elephant mascot with a live mule, appropriately named \"Charlie-O\". At home plate a mechanical rabbit, nicknamed \"Harvey\" in reference to the stage play \"Harvey\" (1944) and the subsequent film of the same name (1950), rose out of the ground with new baseballs for the umpire and a compressed-air device", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "3336590", "text": "minor league teams of all time. That team was led by Hall of Fame player (and future Yankee Announcer) Phil Rizzuto and Vince Dimaggio, who hit 46 home runs. A young Mickey Mantle hit .361 with 11 HR for the Blues in 1951. Mickey Mantle, Whitey Ford, Ralph Houk, Al Rosen, Billy Martin, Bill Virdon, Johnny Mize and Elston Howard were some of the players in the Yankees farm era who played for the Blues. There were about 580 Blues players who went on to the Major Leagues. The stadium was home to many of the shenanigans of Charlie Finley,", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "10999284", "text": ".363 slugging percentage, 1,258 total bases, 25 sacrifice hits, 39 sacrifice flies and 70 intentional walks. Kirkpatrick recorded the final base hit (a single in the 8th inning) in the final game ever played at Kansas City's Municipal Stadium on October 4, 1972. In 1981, Kirkpatrick was leaving a charity event in La Habra, California, and he was involved in a seemingly minor car accident. A blood clot traveled from his neck into his brain the next day, and he suffered a heart attack during a subsequent brain surgery. He was in a coma for 5½ months and was left", "title": "Ed Kirkpatrick" }, { "id": "5165410", "text": "Tempe (and as such, accessible via the Phoenix light rail system). The ASU baseball program has history at the site, as Reggie Jackson was the first college player to hit a home run out of Phoenix Municipal Stadium. The Sun Devils started play in 2015 after which Packard Stadium, their former venue, will be redeveloped to help pay for planned improvements to the ASU football facility, Sun Devil Stadium. The stadium has also hosted Arizona Fall League games during the fall. It hosted the home games of the Phoenix Desert Dogs until their 2013 move to Glendale. The Arizona Diamondbacks", "title": "Phoenix Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "3336592", "text": "reached out over the field. The league, not amused by Finley's sense of humor, again ordered him to cease and desist. According to legend, on a road trip that the A's made to New York, a Yankee hitter lofted a long fly ball to left field which, in the cavernous left field of Yankee Stadium, became a routine out. Yankees public address announcer Bob Sheppard is alleged to have then said over the microphone, \"In Kansas City, that would have been a home run\", itself a response to Finley's dictum for Municipal Stadium public address announcer Jack Layton to announce,", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "3336595", "text": "(nicknamed \"Little Blowhard\") blew dirt off of home plate. Reggie Jackson, Sal Bando, Catfish Hunter Joe Rudi and Gene Tenace were some young A's players who debuted in Kansas City and went on to lead them in their World Series victories in Oakland. Hunter and Jackson would earn Hall of Fame induction. Municipal Stadium's fate was sealed when, as part of the AFL-NFL merger, all teams were required to have a minimum stadium capacity of 50,000 people; at its height, Municipal Stadium only seated 35,000 people for football and could not be expanded. However, a replacement would have been needed,", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "13755363", "text": "All-Star Games. Atlanta and Montreal played their final spring training game at the ballpark on Wednesday March 26, 1997, which saw Montreal come through with a 2-0 victory. The stadium was later demolished in 2002 and there is nothing to mark its former place, which is now covered by a Home Depot location. West Palm Beach Municipal Stadium West Palm Beach Municipal Stadium, referred to as \"Municipal Stadium,\" is a former baseball park in the southeastern United States, in West Palm Beach, Florida. Located at 755 Hank Aaron Drive, it was the long-time spring training home for the Milwaukee and", "title": "West Palm Beach Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "3336607", "text": "The group opened the concert by saluting the host town with their medley of \"Kansas City\" and \"Hey, Hey, Hey, Hey\"; a month later, they would record the song for their next studio album, \"Beatles for Sale\". The stadium was demolished in 1976, and replaced by a municipal garden. Today, the former ballpark site is being redeveloped with new single family homes. With involvement from former Monarch Buck O'Neil, the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum was founded in 1990 and opened in 1997. Located in the 18th and Vine District, the museum is housed in the former Paseo YMCA building where", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "17816268", "text": "Lived\" was the final song covered in the series finale of the musical comedy-drama \"Glee,\" and was the first song used by Noah Galloway and his partner Sharna Burgess on season 20 of \"Dancing with the Stars.\" NBC used the song in commercials for \"The Office\" and \"Parks and Recreation,\" while ABC featured it in multiple ads for its 2017 drama \"The Good Doctor.\" The song is also used as the background music for Huawei Mate 10 commercial, with Naomi Watts and Anna Kendrick. Marcus Floyd of \"Renowned for Sound\" gave the single four out of five stars, citing its", "title": "I Lived" }, { "id": "13755361", "text": "West Palm Beach Municipal Stadium West Palm Beach Municipal Stadium, referred to as \"Municipal Stadium,\" is a former baseball park in the southeastern United States, in West Palm Beach, Florida. Located at 755 Hank Aaron Drive, it was the long-time spring training home for the Milwaukee and Atlanta Braves and Montreal Expos. The Braves played spring training games at the stadium from 1963 to 1997, while the Expos played there from 1969 to 1972 and from 1981 to 1997. The stadium was constructed in 1962 to replace midtown Connie Mack Field, which had been the West Palm Beach spring training", "title": "West Palm Beach Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "13755362", "text": "home of the Philadelphia and Kansas City Athletics from 1946 to 1962. The first game was played on Saturday, March 9, 1963, under overcast skies and extremely high winds which blew sand from the outfield areas, directly toward seating area, which were not as yet totally landscaped at that time. Mayor C. Ben Holleman threw out the first ball and the Kansas City Athletics defeated the Milwaukee Braves 3-0 in front of a medium sized crowd of 3,265 fans. Warren Spahn started for Milwaukee and was the losing pitcher. The ballpark later hosted the 1982 and 1992 Florida State League", "title": "West Palm Beach Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "6451709", "text": "also hit the longest home run in the history of Cleveland's Municipal Stadium, a 477-foot blast over the auxiliary scoreboard in right field; the only other player to match that feat was Mickey Mantle, who did it in 1960. Finally, during his twilight days with the Bisons, he became the first player to hit a home run over the center field scoreboard at Buffalo's home park, Offermann Stadium, doing so twice in a month in 1957. When told by a fan one time that the fan had seen Easter's longest home run in person, Easter is reported to have replied,", "title": "Luke Easter (baseball)" }, { "id": "14028603", "text": "Municipal Stadium. He gave up four earned runs on six hits and a walk, while striking out three in three innings of work, giving up home runs to Chuck Essegian and Johnny Romano. Kirk did not take the loss (that went to Dave Wickersham in a 9–5 Cleveland triumph), but never appeared in a major league game again. In 1964, Kirk pitched and coached for Class-A York White Roses, which was the farm team for the Washington Senators. It was his last baseball venture in a career that spanned 11 years. Following his playing career, Kirk worked as an advertising", "title": "Bill Kirk" }, { "id": "8223929", "text": "the tournament along with other pros Mike Lowell, Nomar Garciaparra, Chuck Knoblauch, Brad Ausmus, Adam Hyzdu, and Mark Newfield. The stadium hosted NCAA DIvision I regional baseball games from 1988 to 1990 including an epic matchup between UConn and Georgia in 1990 when Georgia went on to win the national championship. In modern times, the stadium has played host to the Waterbury franchise of the New England Collegiate Baseball League between 1994 and 1996. In 1997, the stadium became home to the Waterbury Spirit which spent four seasons in the independent Northern League. In 2004 the Connecticut Hammers, a professional", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Waterbury)" }, { "id": "5165407", "text": "Phoenix Municipal Stadium Phoenix Municipal Stadium is a baseball stadium, located in Phoenix, Arizona. It is often referred in short as Phoenix Muni. The stadium was built in 1964 and holds 8,775 people. It is currently the home to the Arizona State Sun Devils baseball program, relocating to Phoenix Municipal Stadium at the start of their 2015 season. It is the former spring training home to the Oakland A's, having played their home games from 1984 to 2014. The San Francisco Giants also played at the ballpark, during spring training in 1964. The Valley's oldest stadium opened during the New", "title": "Phoenix Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "3336586", "text": "Kansas City, while temporary bleachers were added in the left field corner and parts of the outfield. On opening day 1955, former President Harry S. Truman, a Kansas City resident, threw out the ceremonial first pitch. Connie Mack and legendary A's player Jimmie Foxx were also in attendance. The A's defeated the Detroit Tigers, 8–2, The baseball field was aligned northeast (home plate to center field) at an approximate elevation of above sea level. From 1923 to 1955, the stadium was also home to the Negro Leagues' longest-running team, the Kansas City Monarchs. The Monarchs won eleven league championships before", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "8223928", "text": "Pirates, A's, and Angels. The stadium has been home to a few historic events. Women's softball pitcher Joan Joyce struck out Ted Williams, Dom DiMaggio, and Johnny Pesky, in order, in the stadium, and in 1947 several members of the New York Yankees including Joe DiMaggio, Yogi Berra, Phil Rizzuto, and Spec Shea, played an exhibition game against the Waterbury Timers in the stadium. From 1984 until 1991, the stadium hosted the AABC Mickey Mantle World Series for 15-16 year-old teams from the U.S., Canada and Puerto Rico. Future Hall of Famers Ken Griffey, Jr. and Alex Rodriguez played in", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Waterbury)" }, { "id": "5165412", "text": "Phoenix Municipal in 1947, had the poles shipped here. The San Francisco Giants played at the ballpark during spring training 1964. Phoenix Muni hosted outdoor concerts from major touring acts in the years before Desert Sky Pavilion, an outdoor amphitheatre, opened on the west side of Phoenix in 1990. Black Sabbath & Blue Oyster Cult performed at the stadium during their Black & Blue Tour on July 25, 1980. The Police performed at the stadium during their Synchronicity Tour on September 8, 1983. AC/DC performed at the stadium during their Fly on the Wall Tour on October 17, 1985. Pink", "title": "Phoenix Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "3336603", "text": "Super Bowl IV was the last game played before the merger of the AFL and NFL They moved to Arrowhead Stadium in the Truman Sports Complex for the 1972 season. The Chiefs' final game at Municipal Stadium was played on Christmas Day 1971 and was historic. Despite a brilliant game by the Chiefs' Ed Podolak, who had 350 total yards from scrimmage, an NFL Playoff Record that still stands, the Chiefs were beaten by the Dolphins 27–24, when Garo Yepremian kicked a walk-off field goal with 7:20 left in double overtime. The lasted 82 minutes and 40 seconds (with overtime", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "3217988", "text": "closed out their tenure at Milwaukee County Stadium with an 8-1 loss to the Cincinnati Reds, a ceremony aired in full on both WTMJ Radio and Midwest Sports Channel. Sean Casey of the Reds scored the last run at County Stadium with a single by Juan Castro, and the final hit was a single by the Reds' Michael Tucker. In a closing ceremony led by legendary announcer Bob Uecker, greats from the Milwaukee Braves, Milwaukee Brewers, and Green Bay Packers were introduced. Familiar faces such as Warren Spahn, Hank Aaron, Frank Torre, and Bob Buhl represented the Braves. Willie Wood", "title": "Milwaukee County Stadium" }, { "id": "3336600", "text": "the south sideline, but ended halfway around the west end zone (third base line). Both teams' benches were on the north sideline in front of the temporary bleachers, as was the case at Milwaukee County Stadium and Metropolitan Stadium. The east end zone ended at the right field fence, and the large scoreboard was in this end of the stadium. Due to the fence, there was significantly less room between the end line and the fence of the east end zone than there was in the west end zone, where there was a significant amount of room between the end", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "8223930", "text": "soccer franchise owned by Peter Carli, unsuccessfully attempted to convert the stadium to a soccer-only facility. It is now primarily used for sporting events, primarily football and baseball, for most of the city's high schools and youth leagues. In 2017, the stadium also hosted the AABC Mickey Mantle World Series for 15-16 year old teams from across the United States, Puerto Rico, and Canada. A multi-purpose turf field/stadium has been built alongside the baseball field. The stadium is designed more like a football arena, as opposed to a baseball field, but has two smaller baseball/softball fields at each end of", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Waterbury)" }, { "id": "10281045", "text": "pitched a scoreless tenth inning, Hickman surrendered a home run to Red Sox closer Dick Radatz in the eleventh frame and took the 5–3 loss, his only MLB decision. The homer, Radatz' only MLB long ball, cleared the deep left-field fence at Municipal Stadium. Hickman appeared in 12 more MLB games during 1965 and , striking out 16 men in 16⅓ innings pitched, but yielding ten earned runs, nine hits and nine bases on balls. He retired from baseball after the 1967 minor league season. Jesse Hickman Jesse Owens Hickman (born February 18, 1939 in Lecompte, Louisiana) is an American", "title": "Jesse Hickman" }, { "id": "10605664", "text": "Municipal Stadium, Kansas City, Missouri \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run", "title": "1969 Kansas City Royals season" }, { "id": "3336593", "text": "\"That would have been a home run at Yankee Stadium\" for any ball hit beyond a line Finley painted in the outfield grass 296 feet away from home plate in Kansas City. Supposedly, Layton's gimmick was short-lived after Finley noticed the vast majority of the \"would've been home runs\" were being hit by the Athletics' opponents. In addition to his notorious tinkering with the right-field corner, Finley experimented with moving the other fences in and out several times during his seven seasons operating the team here. None of those moves had any notable effect on the team's performance, as the", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "3336580", "text": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri) Kansas City Municipal Stadium was an American baseball and football stadium in the central United States, located in Kansas City, Missouri. It was located at the corner of Brooklyn Avenue and E. 22nd Street. Municipal Stadium hosted both the minor-league Kansas City Blues of the American Association and the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro leagues from 1923 to 1954. The stadium was almost completely rebuilt prior to the 1955 baseball season when the Kansas City Athletics moved to Kansas City from Philadelphia. The A's played from 1955 to 1967, the Kansas City Royals from", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "16898376", "text": "also designed the W.D. Petersen Memorial Music Pavilion and Municipal Stadium, now Modern Woodmen Park, which are also on the riverfront. Other people who have operated a business there include Archie Weindruch, who was one of the longest proprietors and closed it in 1990. The President Riverboat Casino re-opened it a year later as the Iowa Pork Stop. Shonnie Holmes operated it from 1994 to 1995 as the Levee Inn. The President returned as the operator in 1999 before it closed again. The building has been used over the years for measuring floods on the Mississippi. High-water marks are still", "title": "Municipal Inn" }, { "id": "2210984", "text": "season, the left-field wall was moved back . Even with these modifications, the park has a reputation as one of the most hitter-friendly parks in baseball. In 2009, it gave up 149 home runs, the most in the National League and second in the majors behind only the new Yankee Stadium, but has been neutral since, with a .997 park factor in 2011. Behind center field is Ashburn Alley, named after Phillies Hall of Fame center fielder Richie Ashburn, who played for the team from 1948 to 1959 and was a Phillies broadcaster from 1963 until his death in 1997.", "title": "Citizens Bank Park" }, { "id": "14650827", "text": "also barred from playing more than an occasional home game away from the Buzzard Point stadium (e.g., barred from relocating for the term of the lease). Mayor Bowser then submitted the agreement, as well as land purchase agreements and a revised developer agreement, to the City Council for approval. The land purchase agreements paid Pepco $39.3 million for land and $1 million to remove electrical generation equipment from its site, $15.9 million for land owned by Super Salvage, and $10.32 million for land owned by developer Mark Ein (owner of the Washington Kastles professional tennis team). The cost of the", "title": "Audi Field" }, { "id": "3336585", "text": "the footings were no longer strong enough to support the weight of a second deck. City officials elected to almost completely demolish the stadium and rebuild from scratch. The city ran three shifts and the new stadium was built in 90 days, completed in time for the April, 1955 opening. The new construction was financed by a bond issuance. The expanded stadium was supposed to seat 38,000, but cost overruns as a result of overtime payments forced officials to reduce capacity to just over 30,000. The Braves Field scoreboard in Boston was purchased for $100,000 and moved from Boston to", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "8223927", "text": "Municipal Stadium (Waterbury) Municipal Stadium is a stadium in Waterbury, Connecticut, United States. The stadium was built in 1930 originally as a dog track which attributes to its unique, if not odd, layout. It holds 6,000 people. It is somewhat unusual that it only has permanent stands along the first base line, while bleachers lie along the third base side. The stadium was home to minor league baseball for the majority of its existence, beginning in 1947 with the Colonial League and from 1966 to 1986 with the AA Eastern League as an affiliate of the Dodgers, Reds, Giants, Indians,", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Waterbury)" }, { "id": "982483", "text": "off Andy Messersmith on May 8, 1973 that landed on the right field pavilion roof and bounced into the parking lot. Dodger catcher Mike Piazza hit a 478-foot home run off Frank Castillo of the Colorado Rockies on September 21, 1997 that landed on the left field pavilion roof and skipped under the left field video board and into the parking lot. On May 22, 1999, St. Louis Cardinals first baseman Mark McGwire cleared the left field pavilion with a 483-foot home run off the Dodgers' Jamie Arnold and most recently, on May 12, 2015, Giancarlo Stanton of the Miami", "title": "Dodger Stadium" }, { "id": "11019402", "text": "returning to West Palm Beach Municipal Stadium for the 1981 through 1997 seasons. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W =", "title": "1972 Montreal Expos season" }, { "id": "3336604", "text": "lasting over 22 minutes) and remains the longest game in NFL history, as well the only post-season football game ever played at Municipal Stadium. The Chicago Spurs of the National Professional Soccer League (NPSL) relocated the franchise to Kansas City after the NPSL and the United Soccer Association formed the North American Soccer League (NASL) in 1967. The Spurs won the 1968 NASL Championship/Soccer Bowl under Coach Janos Bedl, while leading the league in attendance, with an average of 4,273 fans. Because of scheduling conflicts with Royals baseball and Chiefs football, the Spurs relocated home matches to the football stadium", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "12900287", "text": "The Last Home Run The Last Home Run is a 1996 film directed by Bob Gosse. It tells the story of Jonathan Lyle, an elderly man in a nursing home (played by Seymour Cassel) who is transformed by a mystic, for five days, into a 12-year-old boy (played by Thomas Guiry) playing Little League Baseball. \"The Last Home Run\" also starred Jordi Vilasuso and Vinnette Justine Carroll (in her last film appearance), and included cameos by former Major League Baseball players Gary Carter and Dave Winfield. It was based on a story by Roger Flax who wrote the screenplay along", "title": "The Last Home Run" }, { "id": "5584389", "text": "often be seen flying into and out of Lackland Air Force Base behind the outfield wall. The Missions regularly have \"Military Night\", inviting recently graduated troops to Friday night games. Wolff Stadium hosted the 2011 Texas League All-Star Game. Wolff Stadium will host the third annual Mala Luna Music Festival on October 27–28, 2018 outside of the stadium in their parking lot. Following the 2006 season, the City of San Antonio voted 9–0 to a revised lease of Wolff Stadium. The San Antonio Missions took control of the stadium with plans to invest $1.2 million to improving the concession areas,", "title": "Nelson W. Wolff Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "3344590", "text": "nailed to the stage because of 45 mph winds. The historic structure was almost entirely razed in 1994, as part of a massive remodeling effort which essentially built a new stadium. The new stadium was renamed Jacksonville Municipal Stadium (known as Alltel Stadium from 1997 through 2006, EverBank Field from August 2010 through June 2018, and TIAA Bank Field since June 2018). Almost none of the original infrastructure remains, except for the west upper deck (which was added in 1982) and the ramping system. While Jacksonville Municipal Stadium was being constructed, the Florida–Georgia game alternated between the two schools' home", "title": "Gator Bowl Stadium" }, { "id": "2005701", "text": "in 2010. When the Dallas Texans of the American Football League (AFL) relocated to Kansas City in 1963 and were renamed the Kansas City Chiefs, they played home games at Municipal Stadium, which they shared with the Kansas City Athletics of Major League Baseball. The A's left for Oakland after the 1967 season and were replaced by the expansion Kansas City Royals in 1969. Municipal Stadium, built in 1923 and mostly rebuilt in 1955, seated approximately 35,000 for football. As part of the AFL–NFL merger announced in 1966, NFL stadiums would be required to seat no fewer than 50,000 people.", "title": "Arrowhead Stadium" }, { "id": "3101613", "text": "San Jose Municipal Stadium home including, George Brett, Rod Beck, Joe Nathan, Chad Zerbe, Ron Hassey, Shawn Estes, Tim Lincecum, Matt Cain, Madison Bumgarner, Buster Posey, and Brandon Crawford. Municipal Stadium is located one block from Spartan Stadium, home to the SJSU football team. The area across Alma from Muni is also home to the San Jose State practice fields for soccer, baseball, and softball. Additionally part of Municipal Stadium's parking lot was converted into an indoor ice area named Sharks Ice at San Jose which is the practice venue for the San Jose Sharks NHL hockey team. Stadium features", "title": "San Jose Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "13277052", "text": "10.5 months. They divorced in January 2000. He currently resides in Laurel Canyon. Kirk Fox Kirk Fox (born August 26, 1969) is an American actor, screenwriter, and stand-up comedian. Fox played Sewage Joe on \"Parks and Recreation\" and was a regular on Nickelodeon's \"How to Rock\" as Mr. March. Other credits include \"Community\" on NBC and \"Who Gets the Last Laugh?\" on TBS. From 2013 to May 2014, Fox hosted CBS TV Distribution's syndicated daytime talk show \"The Test\". In 2009, Fox and Owen Benjamin starred in \"Heckle U\". In 2012 and 2013, Fox starred as Melinda Hill's suitor in", "title": "Kirk Fox" }, { "id": "3101612", "text": "the headlights of an old delivery truck to split $50 prize with a fan. Around July 4 every year, fireworks shows help San Jose Municipal Stadium draw its largest attendance of the year, turning the foul line seating into standing room only. In 1997, the bullpens moved from along the foul lines to the outfield. The visitor and home bullpens create artificial home run porches in left and right field respectively. In 2007, the outfield fence was replaced and moved in 10–20 feet in some areas and bullpens moved once again. Many major league players over the years have called", "title": "San Jose Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "3101610", "text": "box seats. General admission seating is available in the upper rows of the main grandstand on straight backed benches. Down the left and right field lines are several bleachers that are accessible for general admission use. And finally there is table seating down the third base line as part of the famous \"Turkey Mike's BBQ Area\". The stadium has remained largely unchanged from its original configuration. However, renovations to the bathroom facilities and clubhouse were done in 1994 and 3 extra rows of box seating were added in 1996. In 1999, the dugouts were expanded toward the field. Players sign", "title": "San Jose Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "5348253", "text": "teams to play each other on the field following select weekend afternoon games. So far, only 2 homeruns have been hit by high school students. The first was on May 7, 2011 by Johnny Wilson of Marquette Catholic High School against Farmington High School. The second was on April 21, 2018 by Zach Hilboldt of De Smet Jesuit High school against Palmyra High School. Busch Stadium hosted an exhibition soccer game on May 23, 2013 between Manchester City and Chelsea of the English Premier League. Tickets for the match sold out within 20 minutes of going on sale, and Manchester", "title": "Busch Stadium" }, { "id": "3336596", "text": "given its age and condition. Public bonds were issued in 1967 to fund a complex including separate football and baseball stadiums—what would eventually become the Truman Sports Complex. It came too late for the A's, however, as Finley moved the franchise to Oakland after the 1967 season. Subsequently, Kansas City was awarded an American League expansion team for 1969, and the new Kansas City Royals used the stadium as a temporary home from 1969–1972. Kansas City welcomed the new Royals, who were led by 1969 American League Rookie of the Year Lou Piniella. The expansion team drew nearly one million", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "3335507", "text": "of the International League, when their previous long-time home, \"Oriole Park\" (the fifth to hold the name, and the last to do so until the current incarnation opened in 1992) on the northwest corner at Greenmount Avenue and 29th Street in the Abell neighborhood, to the southwest, was destroyed by a late-night fire in July 1944. The minor league Orioles rose from the ashes, in heroic fashion, going on to win the International League championship that year, and also the Junior World Series over the Louisville Colonels of the American Association. The large post-season crowds at Municipal Stadium, which would", "title": "Memorial Stadium (Baltimore)" }, { "id": "3336582", "text": "by the Brooklyn Dodgers. The stadium opened in 1923 as Muehlebach Field. It was named for George E. Muehlebach, who owned the Blues and a number of other Kansas City businesses, including Muehlebach Beer and the Muehlebach Hotel. It was built for the minor-league Blues for $400,000. It served as a replacement for the Blues' previous home, Association Park, whose railroad company owner decided to build tracks through the outfield in 1922. Located in the inner-city neighborhood near 18th and Vine, the stadium first housed the minor-league white Kansas City Blues baseball team and the Negro League Kansas City Monarchs.", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "5330472", "text": "Rick Monday Robert James \"Rick\" Monday Jr. (born November 20, 1945 in Batesville, Arkansas) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) center fielder and is currently a broadcast announcer. Monday is best remembered for saving the American flag from being burned in Dodger Stadium during the American Bicentennial and for hitting the game-winning home run in the ninth inning of the decisive game of the 1981 National League Championship Series at Olympic Stadium in Montreal. Monday played 19 seasons for the Kansas City/Oakland Athletics (1966–71), Chicago Cubs (1972–76) and Los Angeles Dodgers (1977–84). He compiled a lifetime .264 batting average,", "title": "Rick Monday" }, { "id": "11063778", "text": "great star Babe Ruth originated. Fielding Derek Jeter as their captain, Andy Pettitte as the starting pitcher, and led by home runs from Johnny Damon and José Molina, the Yankees won 7–3. Molina's home run, a two-run shot hit to left-center field with one out in the bottom of the 4th inning, turned out to be the final home run in Stadium history. The final run was scored by Yankee pinch-runner Brett Gardner in the bottom of the 7th inning. Mariano Rivera pitched the top of the 9th inning, and the final batter was Baltimore's Brian Roberts, who hit a", "title": "2008 New York Yankees season" }, { "id": "3720736", "text": "in . At home at Kansas City Municipal Stadium, Throneberry batted .303 with 26 RBIs. On the road, his batting average fell to .205. Midway through the season, he was traded to the Baltimore Orioles for left fielder Gene Stephens. With an All-Star MVP candidate who batted left handed in Jim Gentile at first base, the Orioles used Throneberry mostly as a pinch hitter or in right field. On June 13, his ninth inning pinch hit single drove in Dick Hall for the walk off victory over the Washington Senators. On June 27, he went 3-for-4 with two home runs", "title": "Marv Throneberry" }, { "id": "5165413", "text": "Floyd performed, on two consecutive nights, at the stadium during their A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour on April 25–26, 1988. Phoenix Municipal Stadium Phoenix Municipal Stadium is a baseball stadium, located in Phoenix, Arizona. It is often referred in short as Phoenix Muni. The stadium was built in 1964 and holds 8,775 people. It is currently the home to the Arizona State Sun Devils baseball program, relocating to Phoenix Municipal Stadium at the start of their 2015 season. It is the former spring training home to the Oakland A's, having played their home games from 1984 to 2014. The", "title": "Phoenix Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "13468911", "text": "Municipal Stadium (Waco) Municipal Stadium, or Waco Municipal Stadium and formerly Waco Stadium, is an athletics stadium located in Waco, Texas at S 15th Street and Dutton Avenue. It was formerly the home field of Baylor University's athletic teams from the time shortly after the stadium was built in 1936 until 1949. For the Bears, the new off-campus facility replaced the smaller Carroll Field as the home football game location, where they had played from 1930 to 1935. Waco Stadium was renamed Municipal Stadium in 1942. Baylor did not play there in 1943 or 1944 due to World War II.", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Waco)" }, { "id": "14650830", "text": "Whitecaps FC on July 14, 2018, which ended in a 3–1 win for D.C. United in front of a sellout crowd of 20,504 people. A sideline reporter was injured after being hit by a piece of the railing. Audi Field is within 1 mile (1.6 km) of the Navy Yard–Ballpark station of the Washington Metro. The station is served by the Green Line. It is also served by DC Circulator and Potomac Riverboat Company shuttle services on match days. Audi Field Audi Field is a soccer-specific stadium in Buzzard Point in Washington, D.C. It is the home stadium for the", "title": "Audi Field" }, { "id": "2927352", "text": "third baseman Aaron Boone. On September 22, 2002, Boone hit the last home run in Riverfront Stadium in the eighth inning, a solo home run off Dan Plesac. Boone hit a career-high 26 home runs in 2002, playing in all 162 games. The Reds named Boone their team's most valuable player award. He appeared in the 2003 MLB All-Star Game. The New York Yankees acquired Boone from the Reds for Brandon Claussen, Charlie Manning and cash on July 31, 2003. In 54 games after the trade, he hit .254 with a .720 OPS, six home runs and 31 RBIs. During", "title": "Aaron Boone" }, { "id": "3336583", "text": "The first Negro League World Series game was held at the stadium in 1924. The Negro Leagues Baseball Museum, founded in 1990, is a few blocks from the site. The stadium consisted of a single-decked, mostly covered, grandstand, extending from the right-field foul pole down and around most of the left-field line. When the New York Yankees bought the Blues as its top farm team in 1937, the stadium was renamed Ruppert Stadium in honor of the Yankees' owner, Col. Jacob Ruppert. Ruppert died two years later and the stadium was renamed Blues Stadium in 1943. Arnold Johnson, a Chicago", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "3071464", "text": "attention until the late 1950s. Construction began on Three Rivers Stadium on April 25, 1968. The Pittsburgh Pirates and the Chicago Cubs played a double-header on June 28, 1970. Pittsburgh won the first game 3–2. In the later game Al Oliver hit the last home run in the park, and Matty Alou drove in two runs as the Pirates closed the 62-year-old stadium with a 4–1 victory. The 40,918 spectators in attendance stood and cheered as Dave Giusti retired Willie Smith for the final out at the stadium. Pirates Hall of Famer Roberto Clemente played 15 seasons at Forbes Field.", "title": "Forbes Field" }, { "id": "5165411", "text": "rookie league games were also played in the stadium, during their first year in the minor-league level Arizona League. Several of the Arizona high school baseball championships are played there in early May. Phoenix Municipal Stadium was built in 1964 and is located at 5999 East Van Buren Street in Phoenix. The stadium's light poles are the original light poles which were installed at the Polo Grounds in New York City in 1940. They served Polo Grounds until 1964, when the stadium was demolished. Horace Stoneham, the Giants owner, whose club started spring training at the previous iteration of the", "title": "Phoenix Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "3335537", "text": "to host a World Series, an MLB All-Star Game, and an NFL Championship game. The only home run ball ever hit completely out of Memorial Stadium was slugged by Frank Robinson on Mother's Day, May 8, 1966, off Cleveland Indians pitcher Luis Tiant. It cleared the left field single-deck portion of the grandstand. A flag was later erected near the spot the ball cleared the back wall, with simply the word \"HERE\" upon it. The ball was retrieved by two children Mike Sparaco and Bill Wheatley then returned to Frank Robinson. The flag is now in the Baltimore Orioles \"Sports", "title": "Memorial Stadium (Baltimore)" }, { "id": "2158613", "text": "11,111 home runs, the last a right field, rooftop grand slam by Detroit's Robert Fick as the last hit in the last game played there. There were over 30 home runs hit onto the right field roof over the years. It was a relatively soft touch compared to left field, with a foul line and with a roof that was in line with the front of the lower deck. In left field, it was farther down the line, and the roof was set back some distance. Only four of the game's most powerful right-handed sluggers (Harmon Killebrew, Frank Howard, Cecil", "title": "Tiger Stadium (Detroit)" }, { "id": "4128932", "text": "Gilberto, Ella Fitzgerald, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Quincy Jones, Stan Getz, Wes Montgomery, and Michel Legrand. Among his most widely heard vocal performances are the songs \"I Got Six\", \"Naughty Number Nine\", and \"Fireworks\" from \"Multiplication Rock\" and \"America Rock\", both part of the \"Schoolhouse Rock\" series. For the 1973 motion picture \"Cops And Robbers\", Tate sang the title song, written by Michel Legrand and Jacques Wilson. On Mark Murphy's album \"Living Room\", Tate shares the vocal on a medley of Misty and Midnight Sun. He joined the faculty of Howard University in 1989. Grady Tate died", "title": "Grady Tate" }, { "id": "5590939", "text": "Memorial Stadium (Fort Wayne) Memorial Stadium was a stadium located in Johnny Appleseed Park in Fort Wayne, Indiana. It was primarily used for baseball, and was the home field of the Fort Wayne Wizards of the Midwest League baseball team. Memorial Stadium was dedicated on April 18, 1993 before a sold-out crowd. One of the most historic moments for the stadium came April 24, 1994 when Alex Rodriguez hit the first professional home run of his career. Memorial Stadium hosted its final baseball game August 28, 2008, with 6,106 in attendance, between the Wizards and South Bend Silver Hawks. Highlights", "title": "Memorial Stadium (Fort Wayne)" }, { "id": "19581441", "text": "to the major leagues. He made his debut later that night, starting at third base against the Los Angeles Dodgers. On April 25, he recorded his first hit, a single, off of Clayton Kershaw. The following day, Arroyo hit his first Major League home run, a two-run shot off of Sergio Romo. He was sent down to Triple-A on June 4 to make room for Hunter Pence, who was returning from the disabled list. On December 20, 2017, the Giants traded Arroyo, Denard Span, Matt Krook, and Stephen Woods to the Tampa Bay Rays for Evan Longoria and cash considerations.", "title": "Christian Arroyo" }, { "id": "11439736", "text": "mostly forest around it became a mixed-use project, after a February 2009 rezoning by the Gwinnett County Commission. Naming rights are held by Coolray, an air conditioning and plumbing company based in nearby Marietta. The stadium construction and maintenance is being paid by the taxpayer-funded Gwinnett County government, but the Stripers will keep most of the revenue from ticket and concession stand sales. The municipal bonds used to pay for the stadium run for 30 years (until 2038), but the Stripers have an option to back out of the contract after only half of that time (in 2023), if the", "title": "Coolray Field" }, { "id": "21008284", "text": "to have been a discarded cigarette) consumed the old ballpark and every object the team had on-site, including uniforms and trophies. All that was left standing were the outfield fences and the scoreboard. The club quickly arranged to make their temporary home in Municipal Stadium, the city's football field which had opened in 1922. Literally rising from the ashes, the Orioles went on to win the International League championship, and then the Junior World Series over Louisville of the American Association. The large post-season crowds that fall of 1944 at Municipal Stadium, which would not have been possible at the", "title": "Oriole Park (V)" }, { "id": "19079341", "text": "\"Bad Moms\", \"\", and \"The House\", as well as the trailer for the first episode of the television show \"Lethal Weapon\" and the trailer for the 2017 animated film \"The Boss Baby.\" It was also used as ESPN's 2016 Major League Baseball Opening Night theme song. The Scott Brothers released a cover of the song with Eric Paslay on January 12, 2017. The music video was filmed at their home in Las Vegas, Nevada. The proceeds from the sale of the single go to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. While singing along to the original in while driving, Jonathan Scott", "title": "My House (Flo Rida song)" }, { "id": "8383192", "text": "in RBI with 119, and led the Mariners in home runs (39), runs scored (91), extra base hits (67), walks (70), OPS (.924), on-base percentage (.375), and slugging percentage (.549). He was named winner of the Edgar Martínez Award for the first time in 2017, also known as the Outstanding Designated Hitter Award. Batting .267 with 22 home runs and 53 RBIs (including a .326 batting average with 11 home runs and 26 RBIs for the month of June), Cruz was named to the 2018 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. Cruz and Solani Genao were married on December 25, 2009.", "title": "Nelson Cruz" }, { "id": "10741387", "text": "first no-hitter in the history of the ballpark. On September 5, 2014, Blanco made an error that ended his 306-game errorless streak. He dropped the ball on a Bryan Holaday line drive. On July 8, 2016, Blanco hit his first career pinch-hit home run, and his first of the season. On January 17, 2017, Blanco signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks that included an invitation to spring training. He was released on March 27, and re-signed to a new minor league contract the next day. On January 29, 2018, Blanco signed a minor league contract to return", "title": "Gregor Blanco" }, { "id": "5584309", "text": "known as Reading Municipal-Memorial Stadium before corporate sponsorship resulted in its current name. Mike Schmidt made his professional debut at the ballpark on June 17, 1971 in an exhibition game between the Philadelphia Phillies and the Reading Phillies. The Phillies had signed Schmidt on June 11. In the exhibition game, Schmidt played the whole game at shortstop for the Phillies and hit the game-winning home run against Reading. On July 13, 1977, The Reading Municipal Stadium hosted a concert by the band Chicago. To date, this was the only major entertainment event held at the 9,000-seat facility. Prior to Municipal", "title": "FirstEnergy Stadium (Reading, Pennsylvania)" }, { "id": "2951918", "text": "Hornsby (.577), Gehringer (.480), Lazzeri (.467) and Nap Lajoie (.466), and only Hornsby had more homers among second basemen. Gordon might have had even higher batting totals had he played in other stadiums. His first several seasons were spent in Yankee Stadium, with its immense \"Death Valley\" in left field that frustrated right-handed power hitters; during his New York years, he hit 69 HRs at home and 84 on the road. Municipal Stadium in Cleveland was also an unhelpful venue, being hostile to power hitters on both sides of the plate. Over his career, he batted 23 points higher on", "title": "Joe Gordon" }, { "id": "19159450", "text": "fielder Bryce Harper doubled to drive him home. In the top of the fourth inning, Astros designated hitter Carlos Beltrán hit the stadium's first home run, and catcher Derek Norris hit the first Nationals home run in the park's history in the bottom of the fourth. With two outs in the bottom of the ninth, outfielder Michael A. Taylor hit a walk-off solo home run to give the Nationals a 4–3 victory. The first official regular season professional game at the complex was a Gulf Coast League game held on June 27, 2017, as the Gulf Coast League Astros hosted", "title": "FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches" }, { "id": "1937645", "text": "last hit at Tiger Stadium as a Detroit Tiger 4 years earlier) at the top of the 5th. The final hit at the Vet was a single by the Phills' Pat Burrell at the bottom of the 9th. The next batter, Chase Utley, grounded into a double play to end the game and the Vet. However, the ceremony that followed pulled at the heartstrings of the sellout crowd. Both Paul Owens, a former general manager, and Tug McGraw, a former pitcher, made their final public appearances at the park that day; later that winter both men died. The last publicly", "title": "Veterans Stadium" }, { "id": "14650822", "text": "for 20 to 35 years. The deal also gave D.C. United the right to build restaurants, bars, and even a hotel nearby. The Buzzard Point plan—officially known as the District of Columbia Soccer Stadium Act of 2014—was approved by the D.C. City Council on December 17, 2014. The December legislation significantly revised the July 2013 agreement. No longer would the city give Akridge a building and cash; now the city would pay fair market value for the Akridge land. If a deal could not be reached through negotiation, the legislation gave the city the right to use eminent domain to", "title": "Audi Field" }, { "id": "2720528", "text": "4–2 loss to the Minnesota Twins before a crowd of only 11,931. Vice President Richard Nixon and Casey Stengel were in attendance, along with Ford Frick, Joe Cronin, and Ty Cobb. The last major league game at Wrigley was on October 1, and Cleveland beat the Angels before 9,868 fans. Steve Bilko hit the last home run in Wrigley. The Angels set a still-standing first-season expansion-team record with 71 wins finishing . Thanks to its cozy power alleys, the park became the setting for a real-life version of \"Home Run Derby\", setting another record by yielding 248 home runs; that", "title": "Wrigley Field (Los Angeles)" }, { "id": "17643759", "text": "camera well in Angels Stadium. On July 26, Souza hit a 455-foot home run against the Baltimore Orioles that hit the d-ring catwalk in Tropicana Field. Souza had a breakout year in 2017, improving on nearly every statistic, setting career highs for home runs (30), RBIs (78), runs (78), stolen bases (16), OBP (.351), and SLG (.459), as well as doubling his walk rate and cutting his strikeout percentage to a career low. Because of his performance, he was named the Rays' MVP for the 2017 season. On February 18, 2018, the Rays sent Souza to the Arizona Diamondbacks in", "title": "Steven Souza Jr." }, { "id": "5586065", "text": "was the first presidential visit for a minor league baseball team. Hall of Fame pitcher Jim Palmer spent a week with the Hagerstown Suns on a rehabilitation assignment in 1983. Palmer pitched for the Orioles from 1965 to 1984 and was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1990. Since its construction in 1930, Municipal Stadium has hosted countless high school, American Legion and semi-pro games. Hagerstown's Municipal Stadium hosted several games featuring Negro League teams during the first decade and a half of its existence. Among the Negro League teams that played in Hagerstown were the Indianapolis Clowns, Homestead", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Hagerstown)" }, { "id": "6902610", "text": "2012. However, the bill was frustrated by Labor's conservative Catholic right, as well as a lack of support by then Prime Minister Julia Gillard, and faced constitutional issues as expressed by the SA Liberal Party. The bill ultimately failed the lower house in July 2013 following Weatherill's planned conscience vote. August 2012, in the aftermath of the GFC, BHP announced that the $20 billion Olympic Dam mine expansion would not go ahead, citing 'subdued commodity prices and higher capital costs'. However, the mine remains operational, employing 2500 people. On 21 January 2013, Weatherill became Treasurer of South Australia and took", "title": "Jay Weatherill" }, { "id": "19803815", "text": "third leader. It spent two weeks at No. 1 before being dethroned by \"Body Like A Back Road\" by Sam Hunt. The song was certified platinum in the United States by the RIAA on August 23, 2017. The song has sold 772,000 copies in the United States as of February 2018. On February 4, 2017, Taylor Swift performed it at Club Nomadic in Houston as part of the DirecTV Special, Super Saturday Night. She also performed on August 25, 2018 at her Reputation Tour stop at Nissan Stadium in Nashville, TN. On February 15, 2017, Chase Bryant recorded a cover", "title": "Better Man (Little Big Town song)" }, { "id": "14650823", "text": "seize the land. In another revision, the city agreed to contribute the $150 million to purchase land for the stadium. $89 million of this amount was for land acquisition, while another $61 million would be to improve utilities, remove toxic and hazardous wastes, and clear the land for construction. D.C. United also agreed to spend at least $150 million for stadium construction. The legislation did not provide the club with $7 million in sales tax breaks it sought, but did give it $43 million in property tax credits. Outgoing Mayor Vincent Gray signed the bill into law on December 30,", "title": "Audi Field" }, { "id": "5165408", "text": "York Giants relocation to San Francisco in 1958. Along with the move came the Polo Grounds light poles after its demolition in 1964 where they still stand today. The stadium is most noted for its scenic outfield backdrop, which features the famous geologic formations of neighboring Papago Park. In 2003, the stadium underwent a $6.4 million renovation to improve the press box facilities (they were at the time the only open-air facilities in the Cactus League), new dugouts, better signage, and improved concourse areas with benches, shading and a historical timeline. The stadium hosted the San Francisco Giants former affiliate", "title": "Phoenix Municipal Stadium" }, { "id": "9596259", "text": "folded into New Line's parent company Warner Bros. Entertainment Film Distributors have released many BAFTA- and Oscar-winning films including \"The Departed\", \"Million Dollar Baby\", \"Gosford Park\", \"Brokeback Mountain\" and \"The Artist\". List of films distributed include: 1974: 1975: 1976: 1978: 1979: 1981: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1985: 1986: 1987: 1988: 1989: 1990: 1991: 1992: 1993: 1994: 1995: 1996: 1997: 1998: 1999: 2000: 2001: 2002: 2003: 2004: 2005: 2006: 2007: 2008: 2009: 2010: 2011: 2012: 2013: 2014: 2015: 2016: 2017: 2018: Entertainment Film Distributors Entertainment Film Distributors is a British distributor of independent films in the UK and Ireland for various production", "title": "Entertainment Film Distributors" }, { "id": "3205449", "text": "a blood alcohol content of 0.18 percent at the time of his death. He is buried in Pine Lake Cemetery, West Bloomfield, Michigan. On April 23, 2005, the high school and Little League baseball field in Post, Texas were dedicated to Cash. He was inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in 2001. Norm Cash Norman Dalton Cash (November 10, 1934 – October 11, 1986) was an American Major League Baseball first baseman who spent almost his entire career with the Detroit Tigers. An outstanding power hitter, his 377 career home runs were the fourth most by an American", "title": "Norm Cash" }, { "id": "17578882", "text": "to have a participant that has been absent from it for at least the last twenty-nine years. 8:07 p.m. EDT at Oriole Park at Camden Yards in Baltimore, Maryland For the fourth time in five games, the Royals broke an extra-innings tie, and for the third time in four games did so via longballs. Alex Gordon and Mike Moustakas both crushed respective solo and two-run home runs to combine for a three-run top of the tenth for Kansas City. The twin home runs came off of Orioles pitchers Brian Matusz and Darren O'Day. Salvador Pérez was on first base during", "title": "2014 Kansas City Royals season" }, { "id": "1237821", "text": "Wayne, Rihanna, Kesha, Pitbull, Flo Rida, Shakira, Enrique Iglesias, Tool, Aerosmith, Kiss, Elton John, Styx, REO Speedwagon, ZZ Top, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Ricky Martin, George Lopez, T.I., Ludacris, Cher, Hilary Duff Monster Jam and WWE. The Uni-Trade Stadium is Laredo's newest baseball field. The stadium is near the Laredo Energy Arena. The project was approved by the city council and was voted in favor of (with 61.32% of the votes in favor 38.68% against) constructing it with money collected since 2004 by a .25 percent sales tax increase. There is a surplus of about $15 million. The stadium will be home", "title": "Laredo, Texas" }, { "id": "13192537", "text": "arbitration in 2018 by agreeing to a one-year, $21.625-million contract. That night, he hit a walk-off home run vs. the Philadelphia Phillies for the second time in the 2017 season, after doing it on April 16 as well. On May 16, 2017, Harper hit a home run at PNC Park, which meant in his career he had hit a home run in all 15 National League ballparks. On May 29, in a game against the San Francisco Giants, Harper was hit by a pitch from Hunter Strickland. Harper had hit two home runs off of Strickland in the 2014 National", "title": "Bryce Harper" }, { "id": "2469911", "text": "baseball milestones attained here include Mickey Mantle's last game-winning home run, Nolan Ryan's striking out of nine straight Boston Red Sox, Reggie Jackson's 500th career home run, Rod Carew's 3,000th career base hit, Vladimir Guerrero's 400th career home run, George Brett's 3,000th career base hit, and Albert Pujols' 600th career home run. On Saturday, August 9, 2014, the stadium hosted its longest game ever: a 6-hour, 31-minute contest between the Angels and the Boston Red Sox. Albert Pujols led off the batting in the bottom of the 19th inning with a walk-off homer, giving the Angels the win, 5–4. The", "title": "Angel Stadium" }, { "id": "13763566", "text": "5-for-34 at the plate and on May 1, was placed on the disabled list. On July 30, Gentry was designated for assignment by the Angels and released on August 3, after declining an outright assignment. For the season, in 34 at bats he hit .147/.237/.176 with no home runs and 2 RBIs. Gentry signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles on February 18, 2017. On April 16, Gentry hit his first home run with the Orioles, a two-run blast off Matt Dermody. Gentry hit a walk-off single on July 31 against Joakim Soria of the Kansas City Royals.", "title": "Craig Gentry" }, { "id": "3336584", "text": "real estate magnate, bought both Blues Stadium and Yankee Stadium in 1953. Johnson then bought the Philadelphia Athletics from Connie Mack in November 1954, announcing plans to move the A's from Philadelphia to Kansas City. Johnson then sold Blues Stadium to the city, who renamed it Municipal Stadium and leased it back to the A's. Muehlebach had anticipated that Kansas City would eventually get a major league team. Accordingly, the stadium's original design included footings that were thought to be strong enough to support a future second deck. However, when work began on double-decking the stadium, it was discovered that", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Kansas City, Missouri)" }, { "id": "13660209", "text": "be reopened on June 4th, 2015. A new plaque design will be revealed along with the induction of artists Jack White and Loretta Lynn. Honorees are inducted twice annually, in the spring and fall. November 2006 inductees: April 2007 inductees: November 2007 inductees: April 2008 inductees: November 2008, inductees: April 2009 inductees: November 2009 inductees: November 2010 inductees: May 2011 inductees: October 2011 inductee: November 2011 inductees: June 2012 inductees: September 2012 inductees: June 2015 inductees: September 2015 inductees: October 2015 inductees: May 2016 inductees: October 2016 inductees: April 2017 inductees: September 2017 inductees: October 2017 inductee: August 2018 inductees:", "title": "Music City Walk of Fame" }, { "id": "2862019", "text": "and April 1, 2017, combined attendance of 95,382, and the St. Louis Cardinals on March 26 and 27, 2018, with combined attendance of 51,151. Willie Stargell of the Pittsburgh Pirates hit the longest home run at Olympic Stadium on May 20, 1978, driving the ball into the second deck in right field for an estimated distance of 535 feet. The yellow seat that marked the location where the ball landed has been removed from the 300 level. The seat is now preserved at the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame. Stargell also hit a notable home run at the Expos' original", "title": "Olympic Stadium (Montreal)" }, { "id": "20253052", "text": "by the tour manager of the evening's headlining band Great White, which ignited plastic foam used as sound insulation in the walls and ceilings surrounding the stage. The toxic smoke, heat, and panic resulted in human crush toward the main exit. As of May 2017, it is the fourth-deadliest nightclub fire in US history. It resulted in 100 deaths and 230 injuries. Many of the survivors developed posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of psychological trauma. The fire started just seconds into the band's opening song, their 1991 \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock hit \"Desert Moon\", when pyrotechnics set off by tour", "title": "Station Fire Memorial Park" }, { "id": "13205592", "text": "common practice. \"A Different Side of Me\" by Allstar Weekend was also included on the soundtrack. They are a group newly signed to Hollywood Records after winning the N.B.T. Competition through the Disney Channel. The soundtrack was released in the U.S. on March 23, 2010. Though not featured on soundtrack, Snow Patrol's 2006 single \"Shut Your Eyes\" and Feist's \"I Feel It All\" also appear in the film . The soundtrack had a major increase in sales in the week of the DVD release. The soundtrack peaked at #104 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures", "title": "The Last Song (film)" }, { "id": "15342405", "text": "a discarded cigarette) totally consumed the old ballpark and every object the team had on-site, including uniforms and trophies. The club quickly arranged to make their temporary home in Municipal Stadium, the city's football field which had opened in 1922. Literally rising from the ashes, the Orioles went on to win the International League championship, and then the Junior World Series over Louisville of the American Association. The large post-season crowds that fall of 1944 at Municipal Stadium, which would not have been possible at the old wooden Oriole Park, caught the attention of the major leagues, and Baltimore soon", "title": "Oriole Park" }, { "id": "7665214", "text": "their 40-21 divisional playoff win over the Buffalo Bills and two field goals in their 20-16 win over the Indianapolis Colts in the AFC title game. He also kicked a 46-yard field goal in the Steelers' 27-17 Super Bowl loss to the Dallas Cowboys. Johnson's family includes wife Lori, and three sons, Jordan, Jarrett and Jameson. Johnson graduated in 1983 with a bachelor's degree in economics from UCLA. After his NFL career, he made his real estate hobby into a profession. He now resides in western Washington state, where he works as a real estate agent. On December 10, 2007,", "title": "Norm Johnson" }, { "id": "5586068", "text": "member, there is a commemorative plaque. The right field wall at Municipal Stadium honors five individuals. Besides professional baseball, Municipal Stadium has hosted numerous other events. Besides those dates listed above, there were other important dates at Municipal Stadium. In 2005 a movement arose to rename an adjacent street to honor Willie Mays, who played his first game at the park as a minor league rookie. The proposal, however, was shot down due to protests by various American war veterans groups who wanted to keep the original road name of Memorial Boulevard. Municipal Stadium (Hagerstown) Municipal Stadium is a stadium", "title": "Municipal Stadium (Hagerstown)" }, { "id": "2176703", "text": "The first home run to reach Eutaw Street was hit by Mickey Tettleton of the Detroit Tigers on April 20, 1992. The most recent home run to land on Eutaw Street was a shot by Greg Bird of the New York Yankees on July 11, 2018. As of July 11, 2018, 97 home runs have landed on Eutaw Street in stadium history. The June 29, 2012 game against the Cleveland Indians was only the second time multiple home runs have landed on Eutaw Street in a single game. The first occurrence was during the April 11, 1997 game against the", "title": "Oriole Park at Camden Yards" }, { "id": "15439874", "text": "21 at Municipal Stadium, when he collected his only MLB hit (off Frank Sullivan of the Boston Red Sox) and stolen base. After his playing career, Plarski became a sportswriter and the longtime sports editor of the \"Alton Evening Telegraph\" in Alton, Illinois. He remained active as an umpire in fast-pitch softball. He died at age 52 in St. Louis, Missouri. Don Plarski Donald Joseph Plarski (November 9, 1929 – December 29, 1981) was an American professional baseball player. An outfielder, he appeared in eight games for the Kansas City Athletics of Major League Baseball during the season. Plarski was", "title": "Don Plarski" }, { "id": "6964312", "text": "University of North Carolina School of the Arts, School of Filmmaking in Producing. Gosse founded independent film company The Shooting Gallery with Larry Meistrich in 1991. His collaborators included Hal Hartley, Ted Hope, Nick Gomez and Michael Almereyda. The company's first feature was Gomez' \"Laws of Gravity\" (1992). He also directed \"The Last Home Run\" (filmed in 1996 and released in 1998) Even while specializing in production, Gosse received recognition as an actor, working in such movies as \"Nowhere Man\" (2005). His notoriety in the downtown nightlife scene coupled with his performances in 1991's \"My Birthday Cake\" (directed by Whitney", "title": "Bob Gosse" } ]

[ "Australia" ]

[ { "id": "7720552", "text": "2015 Cricket World Cup The 2015 Cricket World Cup (officially known as ICC Cricket World Cup 2015) was the 11th Cricket World Cup, jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand from 14 February to 29 March 2015. Australia defeated New Zealand by 7 wickets to win their fifth ICC Cricket World Cup. Fourteen teams played 49 matches in 14 venues, with Australia staging 26 games at grounds in Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney while New Zealand hosted 23 games in Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Hamilton, Napier, Nelson and Wellington. The hosting rights were awarded at the same time", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "7720569", "text": "was played on 24 March in Auckland while Australia's semi-final against India was played on 26 March in Sydney. Both the host nations qualified for the final, where Australia defeated New Zealand by 7 wickets. 2015 Cricket World Cup The 2015 Cricket World Cup (officially known as ICC Cricket World Cup 2015) was the 11th Cricket World Cup, jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand from 14 February to 29 March 2015. Australia defeated New Zealand by 7 wickets to win their fifth ICC Cricket World Cup. Fourteen teams played 49 matches in 14 venues, with Australia staging 26 games", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "15492251", "text": "2015 Cricket World Cup Final The final of the 2015 Cricket World Cup took place on 29 March 2015 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne, Australia. It was played between the tournament's two co-hosts, New Zealand and Australia. Australia went into the game as favourites and won by 7 wickets for a fifth World Cup triumph. The match was played in front of 93,013 spectators, a record crowd for a day of cricket in Australia. The 2015 Cricket World Cup started on 14 February and was co-hosted by New Zealand and Australia across 14 venues. Fourteen teams were divided", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Final" }, { "id": "18477952", "text": "2015 Cricket World Cup squads The 2015 Cricket World Cup was the 11th Cricket World Cup, jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand; India were the defending champions, having won the tournament in 2011. The 2015 Cricket World Cup Final took place at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, and was won by Australia, who defeated New Zealand by 7 wickets in the final. The fourteen teams that competed at the 2015 World Cup were all required to submit a final 15-man squad to the ICC headquarters in Dubai on or before 7 January 2015, although the squads did not have to", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup squads" }, { "id": "91004", "text": "title by beating Sri Lanka by 6 wickets in the final in Mumbai, and became the first country to win the final on home soil. Australia and New Zealand jointly hosted the 2015 Cricket World Cup. The number of participants remained at fourteen. Ireland was the most successful Associate nation with a total of three wins in the tournament. New Zealand beat South Africa in a thrilling first semi-final to qualify for their maiden World Cup final. Australia defeated New Zealand by seven wickets in the final at Melbourne to lift the World Cup for the fifth time. The Test-playing", "title": "Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "13609249", "text": "the tournament. The finals happened to be Glenn McGrath's last match and he was also the highest wicket taker of the tournament and the player of the tournament. The 2015 Cricket World Cup was jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand from 14 February to 29 March 2015. Fourteen teams played 49 matches in 14 venues, with Australia staging 26 games at grounds in Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney. Australia defeated New Zealand by 7 wickets to win their fifth ICC Cricket World Cup in front of a record crowd of 93,013. The winning captain Michael Clarke,", "title": "History of Australian cricket" }, { "id": "7720565", "text": "Melbourne, Australia, on 12 February 2015, two days before the first two matches. The International Cricket Council declared a total prize money pool of $10 million for the tournament, which was 20 percent more than the 2011 edition. The prize money was distributed according to the performance of the team as follows: This means that if the winner had remained undefeated throughout the group stage of the tournament, they would have won a total of $4,245,000 (winner's prize plus $45,000 for each group stage win), while a team eliminated in the group stage without any wins would have gotten $35,000.", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "7720554", "text": "Australia and New Zealand, with the first being the 1992 Cricket World Cup. India were the defending champions, having won the tournament in 2011. Tickets for the Pool B match between India and Pakistan, played on 15 February 2015, reportedly sold out within 12 minutes of going on sale. The final match of the tournament took place at the Melbourne Cricket Ground between co-hosts New Zealand and Australia in front of a record crowd of 93,013 while the average attendance throughout the tournament was 21,175 resulting from the cumulative tournament attendance of 1,016,420 and a washed out game between Australia", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "2350046", "text": "followed system of rankings for international cricketers based on their recent performances. The current sponsor is MRF Tyres who signed a 4-year deal with the ICC that will last until 2020. In the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup; Australia, the title winner, won the prize money of 3,975,000 US dollars. While New Zealand as Runners-up won 1,750,000 US dollars as prize money . The ICC has also had to deal with drugs and bribery scandals involving top cricketers. Following the corruption scandals by cricketers connected with the legal and illegal bookmaking markets, the ICC set up an Anti-Corruption and Security", "title": "International Cricket Council" }, { "id": "9570446", "text": "was the different one from all the other awarded in the past as well as from the 2015 edition, as it did not carry the event logo on the base of it's, as other trophies did carried. Cricket World Cup Trophy The ICC Cricket World Cup Trophy is presented to the winners of the World Cup finals. The current trophy was created for the 1999 championships, and was the first permanent prize in the tournament's history; prior to this, different trophies were made for each World Cup. The trophy was designed by Paul Marsden of Garrard & co and produced", "title": "Cricket World Cup Trophy" }, { "id": "7720553", "text": "as those of the 2011 Cricket World Cup, which Australia and New Zealand had originally bid to host, and the 2019 Cricket World Cup, which was awarded to England. The 2011 tournament was awarded to the four Asian Test cricket playing countries: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh (Pakistan later lost the co-hosting rights due to a terrorist attack on the Sri Lankan team). The International Cricket Council were sufficiently impressed with the trans-Tasman bid that it was decided to award the next World Cup to Australia and New Zealand. This was the second time the tournament was held in", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "13187162", "text": "Mitchell Starc Mitchell Aaron Starc (born 30 January 1990), is an Australian international cricketer who plays for the Australian national team and New South Wales in domestic cricket. He is a left-arm fast bowler and a capable lower order left-handed batsman. He was a prominent member of the victorious Australian squad that won the 2015 Cricket World Cup and was declared Man of the Tournament as a result of his consistent performances. On 15 November 2015, Starc delivered the fastest recorded delivery in a test match, of 160.4 km/h against Ross Taylor of New Zealand . Starc then became the", "title": "Mitchell Starc" }, { "id": "9570541", "text": "Mitchell Johnson.In the final Australia took on New Zealand at MCG where Australia started as favourites.In the first over of the final New Zealand Captain Brendon McCullum was bowled for 0 by Mitchell Starc.It was the big moment of the final.Australia then went on to win the match by 7 wickets to become 5 time world champions.Starc was named as the player of the tournament for his outstanding bowling, yorkers and wicket taking deliveries.He finished with 22 wickets and joint highest with Trent Boult for the most wickets at 2015 world cup Cricket World Cup awards The major prestigious awards", "title": "Cricket World Cup awards" }, { "id": "90989", "text": "remaining teams are determined via the World Cricket League and the ICC World Cup Qualifier. A total of twenty teams have competed in the eleven editions of the tournament, with fourteen competing in the latest edition in 2015; the next edition in 2019 will have only ten teams. Australia has won the tournament five times, with the West Indies, India (twice each), Pakistan and Sri Lanka (once each) also having won the tournament. The best performance by a non-full-member team came when Kenya made the semi-finals of the 2003 tournament. The first international cricket match was played between Canada and", "title": "Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "7720560", "text": "from the Ireland cricket team, who had performed well in 2007 and 2011, including victories over Pakistan and England, both full member nations. Following support shown by the ICC Cricket Committee for a qualification process, the ICC retracted their decision in June 2011 and decided that 14 teams would participate in the 2015 World Cup, including four associate or affiliate member nations. At the ICC Chief Executives' Committee meeting in September 2011, the ICC decided on a new qualifying format. The top two teams of the 2011–13 ICC World Cricket League Championship qualify directly. The remaining six teams join the", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "15492254", "text": "winning by 143 runs. Martin Guptil scored 237 individual runs when New Zealand batted, the highest score at any World Cup and the second highest in ODI matches. In the semi-final at Auckland's Eden Park by 4 wickets in a rain-affected match against South Africa, with Grant Elliott hitting a six off the penultimate ball to win the game. Australia finished second in Pool A, losing against New Zealand, having a game cancelled due to rain against Bangladesh and winning their other four matches. In their quarter-final, they defeated Pakistan by 6 wickets at the Adelaide Oval, with Josh Hazlewood", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Final" }, { "id": "13187175", "text": "were 9, when both were wicketkeepers for Northern Districts. Starc supports the Greater Western Sydney Giants in the Australian Football League. Mitchell Starc Mitchell Aaron Starc (born 30 January 1990), is an Australian international cricketer who plays for the Australian national team and New South Wales in domestic cricket. He is a left-arm fast bowler and a capable lower order left-handed batsman. He was a prominent member of the victorious Australian squad that won the 2015 Cricket World Cup and was declared Man of the Tournament as a result of his consistent performances. On 15 November 2015, Starc delivered the", "title": "Mitchell Starc" }, { "id": "7720561", "text": "third and fourth-placed teams of 2011 ICC World Cricket League Division Two and the top two teams of 2013 ICC World Cricket League Division Three in a 10-team World Cup Qualifier to decide the remaining two places. On 9 July 2013, as a result of a tied match against the Netherlands, Ireland became the first country to qualify for the 2015 World Cup. On 4 October 2013, Afghanistan qualified for their first Cricket World Cup after beating Kenya to finish in second place behind Ireland. Scotland defeated the United Arab Emirates in the final of the 2014 Cricket World Cup", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "15492253", "text": "while a third co-host Bangladesh exited in the pool stages. It was also the first time since 1987 that there was no Asian team in the final. The match was also the last One Day International (ODI) for Australian captain Michael Clarke (who announced that he would retire before the match), Brad Haddin, and New Zealand's Daniel Vettori, the latter two announcing their retirements after the match. New Zealand finished top of Pool A, winning all six games against Sri Lanka, Scotland, England, Australia, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. They faced the West Indies in the quarter-final at the Wellington Regional Stadium,", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Final" }, { "id": "7720558", "text": "that, saying that it was their promise of extra profits of US$400 million that swung the vote their way. The ICC was so impressed by the efficiency of the Trans-Tasman bid that they decided to award the next World Cup, to be held in 2015, to them. Australia and New Zealand last jointly hosted the Cricket World Cup in 1992. The tournament featured 14 teams, the same number as the 2011 World Cup, giving associate and affiliate member nations a chance to participate. The format was the same as the 2011 edition: 14 teams take part in the initial stages,", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "15492252", "text": "into two pools of seven, with the top four from each pool progressing to the quarter-finals. The final was played on 29 March and was a day-nighter contested between New Zealand and Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. It was New Zealand's first World Cup Final. They had previously lost the semi-final on six occasions between 1975 and 2011. Australia played in their record seventh final, having won four (1987, 1999, 2003 and 2007) and lost two (1975, 1996). It was the second consecutive time that two co-hosts contested the final: in 2011, India defeated Sri Lanka in the final", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Final" }, { "id": "15492261", "text": "on 98 for 2, Clarke on 21 and the steady Smith on 25. By the end of the 30th over, Clarke, who received the majority of deliveries, was on 57 while Smith had 47. Clarke was dismissed in the 32nd, bowled by Henry for 74, but by now Australia required just nine runs from 113 deliveries. Shane Watson came in to support Smith as he struck the winning shot, a four off Henry from the first ball of the 34th over, to win the match by seven wickets. Australian captain Clarke dedicated the victory to Phillip Hughes who had died", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Final" }, { "id": "15492262", "text": "after being struck on the neck by a bouncer the previous November. Fall of wickets: 1–1 (McCullum, 0.5 ov), 2–33 (Guptill, 11.2 ov), 3–39 (Williamson, 12.2 ov), 4–150 (Taylor, 35.1 ov), 5–150 (Anderson, 35.3 ov), 6–151 (Ronchi, 36.2 ov), 7–167 (Vettori, 40.6 ov), 8–171 (Elliott, 41.5 ov), 9–182 (Henry, 44.5 ov), 10–183 (Southee, 44.6 ov) Fall of wickets: 1–2 (Finch, 1.4 ov), 2–63 (Warner, 12.2 ov), 3–175 (Clarke, 31.1 ov) 2015 Cricket World Cup Final The final of the 2015 Cricket World Cup took place on 29 March 2015 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne, Australia. It was played", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Final" }, { "id": "15492255", "text": "taking 4 wickets to help restrict Pakistan to 213 runs. They then qualified for the final by beating defending champions India by 95 runs in the semi-final at the Sydney Cricket Ground. Man of the match was Steven Smith, who scored 105 runs for Australia. Australia entered the final as strong favourites to win. Australia had a strong record at home, winning 24 of their last 26 games and former Australian cricketer Matthew Hayden suggested New Zealand would struggle with the larger field size at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), especially after playing all their tournament games on the smaller", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Final" }, { "id": "15492256", "text": "New Zealand grounds. Additionally, Australia had a much stronger record at the World Cup, having already won it four times. At the MCG Australia had won their last six matches, although they did lose the last time they played New Zealand there in 2009. Former Australia captain Ricky Ponting stated that Australia were overwhelming favourites and one could not find a weakness in the Australian team. New Zealand's captain, Brendon McCullum, maintained an aggressive approach throughout the tournament, and said the final match would be no different. Australia's captain Michael Clarke said the loss against New Zealand during the group", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Final" }, { "id": "3579789", "text": "captained the Australian team for 2015 Cricket World Cup, where Australia co-hosts the tournament with New Zealand. Australia defeated New Zealand in the final and won the World Cup under the captaincy of Michael Clarke. This was Australia's fifth World Cup and the first team to win five World Cups. Clarke announced that he would retire from One Day Cricket at the conclusion of the 2015 Cricket World Cup. Clarke played 244 ODIs, made 7907 runs at an average of 44.42 with 8 centuries and 58 half-centuries. He led his country in 73 matches, of which Australia won 49. Clarke", "title": "Michael Clarke (cricketer)" }, { "id": "9985041", "text": "tournament featured nine nations, expanded to include a South African team recently admitted back into world cricket. Australia despite starting firm favourites, performed poorly, failing to make the semi – final stage. Pakistan defeated England in the final in front of 87,182 spectators at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The 2015 Cricket World Cup was the 11th Cricket World Cup, jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand from 14 February to 29 March 2015. Fourteen teams played 49 matches in 14 venues, with Australia staging 26 games at grounds in Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Hobart, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney. The final match", "title": "Cricket in Australia" }, { "id": "18327909", "text": "2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup The 2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup was an international cricket tournament that was held between 25–30 January 2015 in the United Arab Emirates. Oman won the tournament after the Round Robin matches and qualified for the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier, along with Afghanistan, Hong Kong, Nepal and UAE. They did not play in the tournament as their T20I status has already placed them in the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier to be held in Ireland and Scotland. The full members of the ACC (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh) automatically qualify for the 2016 ICC World", "title": "2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup" }, { "id": "6688283", "text": "Cricket World Cup teams This is a summary of the performances of various international teams in the Cricket World Cup (O)- Obsolete So far, 20 teams have competed in the Cricket World Cup at least once (excluding qualifying tournaments). Of these, seven teams have taken part in every competition and only five have won. Australia are the current champions, and had won four times before (1987, 1999, 2003 and 2007) The West Indies won the first two, India won two (1983 and 2011), Sri Lanka and Pakistan won one each. The West Indies and Australia are also the only nations", "title": "Cricket World Cup teams" }, { "id": "17926703", "text": "2015 ICC World Cricket League Division Two The 2015 ICC World Cricket League Division Two was a cricket divisional tournament organised by the International Cricket Council. It formed part of the ICC World Cricket League and a qualification pathway for the ICC World Cup 2019. The tournament was held in Namibia from 17 to 24 January 2015. The Netherlands won the tournament, beating hosts Namibia by 8 wickets in the final. The teams that took part in the tournament were decided according to the results of the 2014 World Cup Qualifier and the 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Three.", "title": "2015 ICC World Cricket League Division Two" }, { "id": "15492257", "text": "stages gave his side the \"kick up the backside\" they needed. The match was umpired by Sri Lanka's Kumar Dharmasena and England's Richard Kettleborough, both of whom were on the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires. Kettleborough was named the ICC umpire of the year in 2013 and 2014 with Dharmasena winning the award in 2012. Dharmasena was part of the Sri Lanka team which won the 1996 final against Australia, and became the first person to feature in the final as a player and as an umpire. Sri Lankan Ranjan Madugalle was the match referee, South Africa's Marais Erasmus was", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Final" }, { "id": "91017", "text": "least once. Seven teams have competed in every tournament, five of which have won the title. The West Indies won the first two tournaments, Australia has won five, India has won two, while Pakistan and Sri Lanka have each won once. The West Indies (1975 and 1979) and Australia (1999, 2003 and 2007) are the only teams to have won consecutive titles. Australia has played in seven of the eleven finals (1975, 1987, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015). England has yet to win the World Cup, but has been runners-up three times (1979, 1987, 1992). The best result by a", "title": "Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "18488275", "text": "2019 World Cup. Three teams (the Cayman Islands, Guernsey, and Vanuatu) qualified based on their positions in earlier WCL tournaments, while the other five (Botswana, Fiji, Norway, Saudi Arabia, and Suriname) qualified after winning regional qualifiers. Saudi Arabia failed to arrive for the tournament after they were unable to secure visas for their team. As a result the ICC decided to cancel all of their matches in the tournament, with Group B being reduced to three teams, Cayman Islands, Vanuatu and Norway. The competition's final was played at the County Ground in Chelmsford, with Suriname defeating Guernsey by six wickets.", "title": "2015 ICC World Cricket League Division Six" }, { "id": "18638033", "text": "as they lost to both test playing nations in their group in a completely one sided manner. Australia's win-loss record : 1-2(Group A, 3rd place) West Indies' record : 4-0 with one washout(champions) Australia at the Cricket World Cup The Australian cricket team is the most successful team in the Cricket World Cup winning the 1987, 1999, 2003, 2007 and 2015 editions. This also makes them the only team to have won the world cup in all the regions (group of countries) that have hosted the world cup till now. Besides, Australia had reached the finals of the 1975 and", "title": "Australia at the Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "9985035", "text": "bowling combination of McGrath and Warne retired from Test cricket, with a record that was hard to match. Australia won the 2007 Cricket World Cup under Ricky Ponting in the Caribbean and were unbeaten through the tournament. Australian cricketer Matthew Hayden scored the most runs in the tournament. The finals happened to be Glenn McGrath's last match and he was also the highest wicket taker of the tournament and the player of the tournament. The 2015 Cricket World Cup was jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand from 14 February to 29 March 2015. Fourteen teams played 49 matches in", "title": "Cricket in Australia" }, { "id": "18575185", "text": "2015 Cricket World Cup Pool A Pool A of the 2015 Cricket World Cup took place from 14 February to 14 March 2015. The group consisted of co-hosts Australia and New Zealand, and along with them, England, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Scotland. This phase of the tournament was played as a full round-robin between all seven teams, with the top four teams, New Zealand, Australia, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, advancing to the quarter-finals. The opening game of the 2015 Cricket World Cup saw hosts New Zealand playing Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka won the toss and elected to field. Kumar", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Pool A" }, { "id": "18638022", "text": "Australia at the Cricket World Cup The Australian cricket team is the most successful team in the Cricket World Cup winning the 1987, 1999, 2003, 2007 and 2015 editions. This also makes them the only team to have won the world cup in all the regions (group of countries) that have hosted the world cup till now. Besides, Australia had reached the finals of the 1975 and 1996 World cups losing to West Indies and Sri Lanka respectively. They also reached quarterfinals of 2011 Cricket World Cup, and were knocked out in first round three times : 1979, 1983 and", "title": "Australia at the Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "6641472", "text": "he was particularly successful in his 'comeback' to the Australian test squad during the 2013–14 Ashes series in Australia, during which he dominated against England's batting. He then went on to cement his place in the Australian side in the following test series against South Africa and was rewarded with his second \"ICC Cricketer of the Year\" and first ICC Test Player of the Year award in 2014. He played a key role in the semi-final and final matches of ICC World Cup 2015 which led to Australia winning the World Cup for the fifth time. Johnson retired from all", "title": "Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)" }, { "id": "15864848", "text": "November 2014 the Supreme Court said that N Srinivasan’s conflict of interest was \"obvious\" as he also owned a team i.e. CSK in the IPL. The court also asked BCCI if it was open to have a fresh poll for a new board without N Srinivasan. On 29 March 2015, Srinivasan gave away the Cricket World Cup trophy to the winning Australian team - an act that should have been performed by the ICC President Mustafa Kamal. Prior to the final, Kamal had made controversial statements regarding umpiring in the India-Bangladesh quarterfinals. In light of these comments, ICC reportedly had", "title": "N. Srinivasan" }, { "id": "18175068", "text": "qualified for the semi-finals by beating West Indies, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh respectively. In the semi-finals, New Zealand beat South Africa and Australia beat India to qualify for the finals. 2015 Cricket World Cup knockout stage The knockout stage of the 2015 Cricket World Cup, following the group stage, was held from 18 to 29 March 2015. The top four teams from Pool A and Pool B advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament. If a quarter-final or semi-final ended as a tie or no result, then the team which was placed higher in", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup knockout stage" }, { "id": "10395162", "text": "captain and deputy were sacked. When West Indies toured in October, Mahmudullah missed all the fixtures with a viral fever. He recovered in time to rejoin the squad to face Pakistan in three ODIs in November. Mahmudullah scored 56 runs and bowled in just one match, taking three wicket from seven deliveries. On 9 March 2015, in the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup, against England, he scored the first century by a Bangladeshi batsman in World Cup history. Bangladesh went on to win the match and went through to the quarterfinals. In the next match, on 13 March, he scored", "title": "Mahmudullah" }, { "id": "9570463", "text": "World Cup bid\". After missing out on 2011, Australia and New Zealand were awarded the 2015 World Cup. England was awarded the 2019 event as part of rotational policy. 2011 Voting Result: Pakistan was stripped of its rights as co-host of the 2011 World Cup by the ICC on 17 April 2009 due to ongoing concerns about the \"uncertain security situation\" prevailing in the country, especially in the aftermath of the 2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team in Lahore On 9 April 2009, PCB chairman Ijaz Butt revealed that they had issued a legal notice to oppose", "title": "Cricket World Cup hosts" }, { "id": "7720555", "text": "and Bangladesh in Brisbane for which no attendance-figures were available. The 2015 Cricket World Cup is estimated to have been watched by over 1.5billion people. The most widely watched match during the tournament was India vs. Pakistan, which is estimated to have drawn over 1billion viewers. The ICC announced the hosts for the previous World Cup, the 2011 competition, on 30 April 2006. Australia and New Zealand had also bid for the tournament and a successful Australasian bid for the 2011 World Cup would have seen a 50–50 split in games, with the final still up for negotiation. The Trans-Tasman", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "7720568", "text": "Both hosts qualified for the quarter-finals; Australia played the match on 20 March in Adelaide, and New Zealand played the match on 21 March in Wellington. Since Sri Lanka, the next highest ranked team, progressed to the quarter-finals, they played in Sydney. If England had advanced, as they were the third-highest ranked team, they would have played in Melbourne. As England failed to qualify for the quarter-finals, Bangladesh took their place. The teams from each pool was paired based on the A1 v B4, A2 v B3, A3 v B2, A4 v B1 format. New Zealand's semi-final against South Africa", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "18575267", "text": "2015 Cricket World Cup Pool B Pool B of the 2015 Cricket World Cup took place from 15 February to 15 March 2015. The group consisted of India, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Ireland, Zimbabwe, West Indies and South Africa. This phase of the tournament was played as a full round-robin amongst all seven teams, with India, South Africa, Pakistan and West Indies advancing to the quarter-finals. India won the toss and elected to bat. After losing Rohit Sharma (14) in the 8th over, Shikhar Dhawan (73) and Virat Kohli (107) put on a 129 run partnership for the 2nd wicket.", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Pool B" }, { "id": "7720567", "text": "to 13 February. A total of 42 matches were played throughout the group stage of the tournament. The top four teams from each pool qualified for the quarter-finals. In the event that two or more teams are tied on points after six matches the team with the most number of wins was to be ranked higher. If tied teams also had the same number of wins then they had to be ranked according to net run rate. While the dates and venues were fixed, which match-up they host was subject to change to accommodate the host countries should they qualify.", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "3579768", "text": "Michael Clarke (cricketer) Michael John Clarke (born 2 April 1981) is a former Australian international cricketer. He led Australia to their 5th Cricket World Cup triumph, when his team were victorious in the final of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 at the MCG. He is the first cap for Australia in Twenty20 Internationals. His ODI shirt number of 23 was passed on to him by Shane Warne after his international retirement. Nicknamed \"Pup\", he is a right-handed middle-order batsman, an occasional left-arm orthodox spin bowler and also a slip catcher. He represented New South Wales at a domestic level.", "title": "Michael Clarke (cricketer)" }, { "id": "91012", "text": "The ICC Cricket World Cup Trophy is presented to the winners of the World Cup. The current trophy was created for the 1999 championships, and was the first permanent prize in the tournament's history. Prior to this, different trophies were made for each World Cup. The trophy was designed and produced in London by a team of craftsmen from Garrard & Co over a period of two months. The current trophy is made from silver and gilt, and features a golden globe held up by three silver columns. The columns, shaped as stumps and bails, represent the three fundamental aspects", "title": "Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "18575201", "text": "Afghanistan were bowled out for 142 in 37.3 overs. This gave Australia a 275-run victory, the largest victory in terms of runs in a World Cup match. Australian captain Michael Clarke won the toss and elected to bat. A shaky start in the opening, led to the fall of David Warner for 9. The shaky start from Australia continued when the other opener Finch fell for 24. 2015 Cricket World Cup Pool A Pool A of the 2015 Cricket World Cup took place from 14 February to 14 March 2015. The group consisted of co-hosts Australia and New Zealand, and", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Pool A" }, { "id": "7720564", "text": "Council has sold the rights for broadcasting of the 2015 Cricket World Cup for US$2 billion to ESPN Star Sports and Star Sports. According to Strong, the Local Organising Committee (LOC) wants to make the tournament the most fan-friendly event of its kind and take cricket to a wide range of communities throughout Australia and New Zealand. Sachin Tendulkar was named by the ICC as the World Cup Ambassador for the second time, after filling the role at the 2011 Cricket World Cup. The following networks broadcast the tournament: The opening ceremonies were held separately in Christchurch, New Zealand and", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "7720559", "text": "divided into two groups of seven; the seven teams play each other once before the top four teams from each group qualify for the quarter-finals. On 29 January 2015, ICC reinstated the use of the Super Over for Cricket World Cup Final match if the match finished as a tie. Per ICC regulations, the 10 ICC full member nations qualify for the tournament automatically. Immediately after the 2011 World Cup, it was decided that the next tournament would be reduced to only feature the 10 full members. This was met with heavy criticism from a number of associate nations, especially", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "15492258", "text": "the TV umpire and former England ODI international cricketer Ian Gould was the fourth umpire. New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat. Brendon McCullum was bowled in the fifth ball of the first over by Mitchell Starc. By the time the second wicket had fallen, that of Martin Guptill, New Zealand were making slow progress and were 38 for 2 from 12 overs. Kane Williamson was caught and bowled the following over by Mitchell Johnson for 12 runs, followed by a maiden from Josh Hazlewood. By the halfway mark, New Zealand were 93 for 3 with Grant Elliott", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Final" }, { "id": "18575271", "text": "becoming man of the match in the two consecutive games he played. While Ahmad Shahzad scored 63 runs, ensuring Pakistan a spot in the quarter-finals to face Australia at the same ground. 2015 Cricket World Cup Pool B Pool B of the 2015 Cricket World Cup took place from 15 February to 15 March 2015. The group consisted of India, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Ireland, Zimbabwe, West Indies and South Africa. This phase of the tournament was played as a full round-robin amongst all seven teams, with India, South Africa, Pakistan and West Indies advancing to the quarter-finals. India won", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Pool B" }, { "id": "7720556", "text": "bid, Beyond Boundaries, was the only bid for 2011 delivered to the ICC headquarters at Dubai before the 1 March deadline. Considerable merits of the bid included the superior venues and infrastructure, and the total support of the Australian and New Zealand governments on tax and custom issues during the tournament, according to Cricket Australia chief executive James Sutherland. The New Zealand government had also assured that the Zimbabwean team would be allowed to take part in the tournament after political discussions about whether their team would be allowed to tour Zimbabwe in 2005. ICC President Ehsan Mani said that", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "13187170", "text": "2015 Cricket World Cup (22 wickets at an average of 10.0 and an economy rate of 3.5), having played one fewer game than New Zealander Trent Boult. Starc was adjudged Man of the Tournament in the 2015 Cricket World Cup. He also is the leading wicket taker in the world in all forms of international cricket for the 2015 calendar year with 87 after his ankle injury in the inaugural day-night test at Adelaide Oval. In the second Test match of Australia's 2016 Sri Lankan away tour, he took his 100th Test wicket. He won the 2017 Allan Border Medal", "title": "Mitchell Starc" }, { "id": "7720563", "text": "the tournament. There was a tense battle between Melbourne and Sydney to host the final. On 30 July 2013, it was announced that Melbourne would host the final, with Sydney and Auckland hosting the semi-finals. It was announced that spectators travelling to World Cup matches in New Zealand who would otherwise not be entitled to a visa waiver, would be able to enter New Zealand if they held an Australian visitor visa. This was a special Trans-Tasman Visa Arrangement for the 2015 Cricket World Cup. The World Cup has grown as a media event with each tournament. The International Cricket", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "8564084", "text": "Clarke, were three of the pallbearers at Phillip Hughes' funeral. Finch was selected as part of Australia's 2015 Cricket World Cup squad. In Australia's first group match against England, Finch's World Cup debut with Australia, Finch top scored with 135 runs, helping Australia to a 111 run win, and earning man of the match honours in the process. Although Finch was rated as the No. 1 batsman in international T20 cricket, he was dropped for the first two matches of Australia's campaign, by Lehmann and Mark Waugh, the Australian selectors on duty, for the 2016 ICC World T20. Eventually, he", "title": "Aaron Finch" }, { "id": "6789529", "text": "2015, he smashed unbeaten 79 runs off 60 balls with 11 fours, guided Ireland to the victory against another Test match playing nations, the West Indies. This was Ireland's third consecutive victory over test playing nations in three consecutive world cups. O'Brien's score was helped to beat mighty West Indian pace attack and finally Irish won their first match of 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup. On 23 March 2018, in Ireland's match against Afghanistan in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier, O'Brien played in his 100th ODI match. In May 2018, he was named in a fourteen-man squad for Ireland's", "title": "Niall O'Brien (cricketer)" }, { "id": "7537497", "text": "wickets respectively. Skipper and wicketkeeper Dhoni effected 15 dismissals in the Cup, coming second among the leading wicketkeepers in the tournament. The Indian Squad that made the semifinals of the 2015 World Cup comprised India at the Cricket World Cup The Indian cricket team are two times World Champions. In addition to winning the 1983 Cricket World Cup, they triumphed over Sri Lanka in the 2011 Cricket World Cup on home soil. They were also runners-up at the 2003 Cricket World Cup, and semifinalists thrice (1987, 1996 and 2015). They came last in the Super Six stage in the 1999", "title": "India at the Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "14235919", "text": "Shashank Manohar Shashank Vyankatesh Manohar (; ; born 29 September 1957) is a prominent Indian lawyer and cricket administrator. He twice served as the President of the Board of Control for Cricket in India, from 2008 to 2011, and from November 2015 to May 2016. He served as the chairman of the International Cricket Council from November 2015 to March 2017. On 24 March 2017, a resolution was passed to reinstate him as the chairman until a successor was elected. During his presidency India became the No 1 Test side & won the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup defeating Sri", "title": "Shashank Manohar" }, { "id": "91014", "text": "over 2.2 billion television viewers. Television rights, mainly for the 2011 and 2015 World Cup, were sold for over US$1.1 billion, and sponsorship rights were sold for a further US$500 million. The 2003 Cricket World Cup matches were attended by 626,845 people, while the 2007 Cricket World Cup sold more than 672,000 tickets. The 2015 World Cup Sold over 1.1 million tickets which was a Record . Successive World Cup tournaments have generated increasing media attention as One-Day International cricket has become more established. The 2003 World Cup in South Africa was the first to sport a mascot, Dazzler the", "title": "Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "15447742", "text": "an Ishant Sharma over, to win the game for Australia. Faulkner hit his maiden ODI century against India on 2 November 2013 in Bengaluru. This is the second fastest century by any Australian batsman (after Glenn Maxwell). It was scored off 57 balls. In the 2015 Cricket World Cup Final, Faulkner took 3/36 and received the Man of the Match award and became a member of the World Cup winning team. During the second ODI against Sri Lanka on 24 August 2016, Faulkner took a hat-trick becoming 6th Australian to do so, and also second against Sri Lanka after Daniel", "title": "James Faulkner (cricketer)" }, { "id": "7720566", "text": "Each venue hosted 3 pool stage matches. The quarter-finals were in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Wellington, the semi-finals were played in Auckland and Sydney, and the final was played in Melbourne. The umpire selection panel selected 20 umpires to officiate at the World Cup: five each from Australia and England, five from Asia, two each from New Zealand and South Africa and one from the West Indies. The teams, after initially naming a provisional 30-member squad, were required to finalise a 15-member squad for the tournament on or before 7 January 2015. Fourteen non-ODI warm-up matches were played from 8", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "18694835", "text": "2015 Dubai World Cup The 2015 Dubai World Cup was a horse race held at Meydan Racecourse on Saturday 28 March 2015. It was the 20th running of the Dubai World Cup. It was the first running of the race since the synthetic Tapeta surface was replaced by a dirt track. The winner was Hamdan bin Mohammed Al Maktoum's Prince Bishop, an eight-year-old bay gelding trained in Dubai by Saeed bin Suroor and ridden by William Buick. Prince Bishop's victory was the first in the race for his jockey, the seventh for his trainer and the first for his owner.", "title": "2015 Dubai World Cup" }, { "id": "9570439", "text": "Cricket World Cup Trophy The ICC Cricket World Cup Trophy is presented to the winners of the World Cup finals. The current trophy was created for the 1999 championships, and was the first permanent prize in the tournament's history; prior to this, different trophies were made for each World Cup. The trophy was designed by Paul Marsden of Garrard & co and produced in London by a team of craftsmen from Garrard & Co over a period of two months. The current trophy is made from silver and gold and features a golden globe held up by three silver columns.", "title": "Cricket World Cup Trophy" }, { "id": "6231558", "text": "Brad Haddin Bradley James Haddin (born 23 October 1977), is a former Australian cricketer and former vice-captain who represented Australia in all three forms of international cricket (Test, One-Day International and Twenty20 International). He also played for the New South Wales Blues in both domestic first class and list A cricket. Haddin is a right-handed batsman and wicket-keeper. He was a member of the Australian World cup winning squad at the 2015 Cricket World Cup. He retired from One Day International Cricket on 17 May 2015, soon after the 2015 Cricket World Cup. He also became the ambassador for his", "title": "Brad Haddin" }, { "id": "3580538", "text": "9,000 runs in ODIs. He became the fourth Sri Lankan cricketer and 15th overall to achieve this landmark. He also took 3 crucial wickets in the match against England and aided Sri Lanka's title claim as the winners of the tournament. He won both man of the match award and man of the series award. On 23 January 2015, Dilshan scored his 20th One-Day International century against New Zealand, becoming the 10th batsmen to score 20 ODI centuries. On 26 February 2015, he scored an unbeaten 161 runs during the group stage match of 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup against", "title": "Tillakaratne Dilshan" }, { "id": "6688286", "text": "playing nation. Often these performances help Associate nations earn Test Status. Full member nations receive automatic qualification to the World Cup, while Associates have to qualify (with the exception of Kenya for the 2003 and 2007 World Cups). Victories by Associates over Full members have happened 13 times over 10 tournaments. Bangladesh has caused the most number of upsets with four, while England have suffered the most number of upsets with three. The table below provides an overview of the performances of teams over past World Cups, as of the end of the 2015 tournament. Teams are sorted by best", "title": "Cricket World Cup teams" }, { "id": "18835130", "text": "2015 ICC Americas Under-19 Championship The 2015 ICC Americas Under-19 Championship was an international cricket tournament held in Bermuda, from 5 to 11 July 2015. It was the eighth edition of the ICC Americas Under-19 Championship, and the first held in Bermuda since the inaugural tournament in 2001. Canada won the title for a fifth time, finishing the tournament undefeated to qualify directly for the 2016 Under-19 World Cup. The United States were the runner-up, finishing ahead of Bermuda on net run rate to proceed to the 2015 World Cup Qualifier, where the winner will also qualify for the World", "title": "2015 ICC Americas Under-19 Championship" }, { "id": "7720557", "text": "the extra time required by the Asian bloc to hand over its bid had harmed the four-nation bid. However, when it came to the voting, the Asians won by seven votes to four; according to the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB), it was the vote of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) that turned the matter. It was reported in Pakistani newspaper \"Dawn\" that the Asian countries promised to hold fundraising events for West Indian cricket during the 2007 Cricket World Cup, which may have influenced the vote. However, I.S. Bindra, chairman of the monitoring committee of the Asian bid, denied", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "18327910", "text": "Twenty20 tournament. Points Table: The top five run scorers (total runs) are included in this table. Source: ESPNcricinfo The top five wicket takers, ranked by wickets taken and then by bowling average, are listed in this table. Source: ESPNcricinfo 2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup The 2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup was an international cricket tournament that was held between 25–30 January 2015 in the United Arab Emirates. Oman won the tournament after the Round Robin matches and qualified for the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier, along with Afghanistan, Hong Kong, Nepal and UAE. They did not play in the tournament as their", "title": "2015 ACC Twenty20 Cup" }, { "id": "18477954", "text": "the tournament, as Jayawardene has played over 400 ODIs for Sri Lanka, and Sangakkara played his 400th ODI during the tournament. Jayawardene was also the most experienced World Cup player at the tournament, with 33 previous appearances. UAE's Khurram Khan was the oldest player at the tournament, whilst fellow Emirati Mohammad Tauqir became the oldest ever World Cup captain; both players were 43 years old. Afghanistan's Usman Ghani was the youngest player at the tournament, at the age of 18. Below is a list of the squads chosen for the 2015 Cricket World Cup. Afghanistan named their 15-man squad on", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup squads" }, { "id": "13187169", "text": "fifty (32 balls) by an Australian in Australia's second innings on 4 December. Despite his recent form, he was rested in favour of Jackson Bird to make his debut for the Boxing Day Test against Sri Lanka. They would both be selected for the Sydney Test a week later. Starc received the Man of the Tournament award in the 2015 Cricket World Cup, which Australia won, defeating New Zealand in the final. He also became Australia's leading wicket taker across all forms of first-class and international cricket for the 2014–15 season with 60 wickets, including the leading wicket taker for", "title": "Mitchell Starc" }, { "id": "18634403", "text": "balls, the fastest century in World Cup history. Ireland scored 62 runs in their batting powerplay, and by the time that Kevin O'Brien was run out for 113 from 63 balls, Ireland required only 11 from 11 balls. Ireland won the match by 3 wickets, with five balls to spare; it was the largest successful run chase in Cricket World Cup history. Ireland qualified for the 2015 Cricket World Cup, and were promoted to the ICC ODI Championship, leaving the World Cricket League, but not the ICC Intercontinental Cup. In their first match of the World Cup, Ireland defeated the", "title": "Ireland at the Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "13960323", "text": "by a major earthquake in 2011, but nearly 10 years since Lancaster Park held what became the final match in Christchurch in 2006. Brendon McCullum scored his fastest test hundred in New Zealand's history. He also scored his 1000th test run in the 2014 calendar year, but missed out on his 4th test double century in that calendar year. Hagley Oval hosted NZ's opening ceremony and match for the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup, while their final match as host of the World Cup was between England and Scotland on 23 February 2015, which was a day after the 4th", "title": "Hagley Oval" }, { "id": "18575197", "text": "45 and the Man of the Match was awarded to Boult who had figures of 10-3-27-5 in the first innings of the match. New Zealand also won the Chappell-Hadlee Trophy as a result of this win. Eoin Morgan, the captain of England, won the toss and decided that England will bat first. England openers started solidly, but, from 62/0, the innings was reduced to 101/3 in the 21st over. Joe Root and Morgan added 60 runs for the fourth wicket before the dismissal of Morgan. The fifth wicket partnership between Root and James Taylor yielded 98 runs in 11 overs.", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Pool A" }, { "id": "16992265", "text": "the injured Dinesh Chandimal, where he came to bat on number 4 and scored an unbeaten 14 from 16 balls before Sri Lanka won by 8 wickets. Perera hit his maiden ODI ton against Bangladesh on 22 February 2014. He scored 106 from 124 balls before getting bowled By Rubel Hossain. He won the \"Man of the Match\" award. Perera was not qualified for the squad for 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup tournament due to poor performance against India and England. After the tournament starts, Dimuth Karunaratne was injured and Perera was called to the World Cup squad. He played", "title": "Kusal Perera" }, { "id": "18619236", "text": "2015 ICC Europe Division One The 2015 ICC Europe Division One was a cricket tournament held in Jersey from 9–13 May 2015. The tournament was organised by ICC Europe, and featured the top six associate members in that region – Denmark, France, Guernsey, Italy, Jersey, and Norway. Ireland, the Netherlands, and Scotland had already qualified for the World Twenty20 Qualifier, while England qualify for the World Twenty20 automatically. The host, Jersey, won the tournament on net run rate from Denmark, its first title. The leading runscorer at the tournament was Danish batsman Freddie Klokker, while the leading wicket taker was", "title": "2015 ICC Europe Division One" }, { "id": "5109583", "text": "in Florida, USA. The United States, after years of disarray, pulled together and won the championship. Canada finished 3rd on Net Run Rate behind Bermuda, as their match was washed out by rain. In April 2009 Canada participated in the 2009 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualification Tournament. Assembling the best Canadian team in many years, Canada rolled through the opening stages of the event and eventually finished second in the tournament. The impressive display earned Canada a berth in the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup. The ICC announced that the 2015 Cricket World Cup will only have 10 participating teams", "title": "Canada national cricket team" }, { "id": "18716061", "text": "Sarwan and Andre Russell helped the West Indies reach 222-6 at the end of the 42nd over. However Tredwell and Swann took 3 wickets, and Trott ran out Sulieman Benn, as the West Indies were all out for 225. In the quarter-final, Tillakaratne Dilshan and Upul Tharanga both made centuries as Sri Lanka chased down a target of 230 to win by ten wickets; this run chase set a new record for the highest successful run chase in a ten-wicket victory in ODI history. Source:<br> Notes: England failed to beat any Test-playing nations at the 2015 Cricket World Cup. Although", "title": "England at the Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "15320644", "text": "In the one day games, Maxwell took 29 and 1-32 against South Africa, 0 and 1-20, 1-43 and 2, 1-30 and 7. During the Carlton Mid Triangular Series in Australia in 2014–15, Maxwell scored 1-37 and 0 against England, 0-14 and 20 against India, and 0-22 and 37 against England. In the final against England he won Man of the Match award for match winning 95 and 4-46. Maxwell was part of Australia's 15 man squad for 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup co-hosted by Australia and New Zealand. He made 66 runs off 40 balls in the first match against", "title": "Glenn Maxwell" }, { "id": "18575194", "text": "and Mathews then added 126 runs for the fifth wicket. Mathews was run out for 44 and Jayawardene was dismissed soon after completing his 19th ODI hundred. Thisara Perera, who came in to bat with Sri Lanka in a precarious position of 178/6, struck an unbeaten 47 from 26 balls to guide his team to a four-wicket win with ten balls to spare. Jayawardene was awarded the Man of the Match for his innings of 100 from 120 balls. Australian captain Michael Clarke won the toss and elected to bat first. Australia got off to a brisk start, putting up", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Pool A" }, { "id": "18619240", "text": "in 2015 ICC World Cricket League Division Six. 2015 ICC Europe Division One The 2015 ICC Europe Division One was a cricket tournament held in Jersey from 9–13 May 2015. The tournament was organised by ICC Europe, and featured the top six associate members in that region – Denmark, France, Guernsey, Italy, Jersey, and Norway. Ireland, the Netherlands, and Scotland had already qualified for the World Twenty20 Qualifier, while England qualify for the World Twenty20 automatically. The host, Jersey, won the tournament on net run rate from Denmark, its first title. The leading runscorer at the tournament was Danish batsman", "title": "2015 ICC Europe Division One" }, { "id": "12164618", "text": "The 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier was played in July 2015 and co-hosted by two countries for the first time, Ireland and Scotland. Both the final and the third-place playoff were abandoned due to rain; Scotland and the Netherlands shared the title, while Ireland were ranked third over Hong Kong due to a superior performance in the group stage. The number of teams at the tournament was reduced to 14, with the ICC Africa and ICC Americas regional bodies each losing a spot and the ACC gaining one from ICC Europe: The top six teams Ireland, Scotland, Netherlands, Afghanistan, Hong", "title": "ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier" }, { "id": "6488081", "text": "offer made to him and was committed to the country in future. On 19 February 2015, he scored an unbeaten 76 runs in the Cricket World Cup against the United Arab Emirates. When he came to the crease, Zimbabwe was in deep trouble on 177/5. But finally he guided the team to victory with 76 runs off 65 balls with 7 fours and one six. He scored his first Test century in his third Test. Playing against New Zealand at Bulawayo in July 2016, he batted at number eight in the second innings and scored 119 off 148 balls. His", "title": "Sean Williams (cricketer)" }, { "id": "91020", "text": "banned due to apartheid. The number of wins followed by Run-rate is the criteria for determining the rankings till the 1987 World Cup. The number of points followed by, head to head performance and then net run-rate is the criteria for determining the rankings for the World Cups from 1992 onwards. Legend † The table below provides an overview of the performances of teams over past World Cups, as of the end of group stage of the 2015 tournament. Teams are sorted by best performance, then by appearances, total number of wins, total number of games, and alphabetical order respectively.", "title": "Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "5698149", "text": "team to gain entry into the tournament overall. Afghanistan secured their passage to Australia and New Zealand in 2015 by beating Kenya comprehensively for the second time in succession in Sharjah, sealing their maiden World Cup qualification. They finished second in the World Cricket League Championship — nine wins in 14 matches — and joined Ireland as the second Associate team in the 2015 World Cup, while the remaining two spots for Associates will be decided by a qualifying tournament in New Zealand in 2014. Afghanistan will join Pool A at the World Cup along with Australia, Bangladesh, England, New", "title": "Afghanistan national cricket team" }, { "id": "18175066", "text": "2015 Cricket World Cup knockout stage The knockout stage of the 2015 Cricket World Cup, following the group stage, was held from 18 to 29 March 2015. The top four teams from Pool A and Pool B advanced to the knockout stage to compete in a single-elimination style tournament. If a quarter-final or semi-final ended as a tie or no result, then the team which was placed higher in the group stages would have qualified. If the final ended in a tie, the match would have been decided by a one-over eliminator. Of the eight teams entering the stage, the", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup knockout stage" }, { "id": "18651907", "text": "2015 ICC Africa Twenty20 Division One The 2015 ICC Africa Twenty20 Championship was a cricket tournament held in Benoni, South Africa, from 27–31 March 2015. All matches were played at the Willowmoore Park complex. Namibia won the tournament (its first) on net run rate from Kenya, with both teams progressing to the 2015 World Twenty20 Qualifier in Ireland and Scotland. Two other African sides, South Africa and Zimbabwe, are ICC full members, and thus qualify directly for the World Twenty20. Namibian Gerrie Snyman and Kenyan James Ngoche led the tournament in runs and wickets, respectively, and Ngoche was Player of", "title": "2015 ICC Africa Twenty20 Division One" }, { "id": "18632678", "text": "Scotland turned to their spin bowlers in the thirteenth over, with Majid Haq and Glenn Rogers taking three wickets, though they still cost nearly eight an over between them. Justin Kemp hit the winning runs with a six off Rogers. After failing to qualify for the 2011 World Cup, Scotland managed to qualify for the 2015 tournament by winning the 2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier. Scotland lost all of their group matches, and were eliminated. New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum won the toss and put Scotland in to bat. Trent Boult and Tim Southee picked up two wickets each within", "title": "Scotland at the Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "8251095", "text": "Finn again performed well, taking figures of 3–36 to help guide England to victory. However, when England met Australia in the final England were unable to produce their best for, with Finn taking figures of 1–53. England lost the match and finished as runners up, with Finn taking eleven wickets in the series. Finn was selected in the 15 man squad for the 2015 Cricket World Cup which was to be held in Australia and New Zealand, making it Finn's first 50 over World Cup. In his world cup debut against Australia, Finn took a hat trick thus becoming the", "title": "Steven Finn (cricketer)" }, { "id": "15447743", "text": "Christian. James Faulkner is the son of Peter Faulkner, who also played first-class cricket for Tasmania and Toured South Africa on the 1985/86 & 1986/87 rebel tours. James Faulkner (cricketer) James Peter Faulkner (born 29 April 1990) is an Australian cricketer who plays for Tasmania. An all-rounder, left-arm medium pacer and right-hand batsman, Faulkner is particularly known for his aggressive batting in the middle order, and for his \"at the death\" bowling. He is often referred to as the \"Finisher\". He was a prominent member of the victorious Australian squad that won the 2015 Cricket World Cup and was Man", "title": "James Faulkner (cricketer)" }, { "id": "15295178", "text": "2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier The 2014 ICC World Cup Qualifier was a cricket tournament to decide the final qualification for the 2015 World Cup. The top two teams qualified for the World Cup joining Ireland and for the first time Afghanistan who have already qualified through the 2011–13 ICC World Cricket League Championship and maintained their ODI status. The World Cup Qualifier was the final event of the 2009–14 World Cricket League. It was staged in New Zealand, from 13 January to 1 February 2014 after Scotland relinquished the right to host it. The tournament saw Scotland who won", "title": "2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier" }, { "id": "19312226", "text": "team in cricketing history with an overall wining rate of 47.05%. , Australia have played 814 Test matches; winning 383, lost 220, 209 were drawn and 2 matches were tied. Australia is also the most successful ODI team in the history as well, where they have achieved an unbreakable record in ODI history. , Australia have played 916 ODI matches, winning 556 matches and losing 317; they also tied 9 matches, whilst 34 had no result. They have won the Cricket World Cup a record 5 times, more than any other nation, in 1987, 1999, 2003, 2007 and 2015, and", "title": "Australia national cricket team record by opponent" }, { "id": "7537477", "text": "tour preceding the event. Despite this, it was expected that India would still do well in the World Cup due to their familiarity with the Australian conditions, having already spent more than 2 months there. The Indian team for the 2015 World Cup comprised only 4 members from the 2011 World Cup-winning squad, which included captain and wicketkeeper Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Virat Kohli, who was now the vice-captain of the side and one of the best batsmen in ODI cricket, Suresh Raina and Ravichandran Ashwin. For the first time since the 1987 World Cup, the Indian World Cup squad was", "title": "India at the Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "18575199", "text": "48th over to complete an emphatic 9-wicket victory. Thirimanne remained unbeaten on a 143-ball 139, while Sangakkara won the Man of the Match for his unbeaten 117 off just 86 balls. Afghanistan captain Mohammad Nabi won the toss and put Australia in to bat. After losing the wicket of Aaron Finch in the third over, Australia put on a 260-run second wicket partnership between David Warner and Steve Smith, before Warner was dismissed for 178 off 133 balls. Smith and Glenn Maxwell then shared 65 runs in 32 balls for the third wicket before Smith fell five runs short of", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup Pool A" }, { "id": "5526366", "text": "World Cup. Shortly after the tournament ended, the ICC announced that the World Cups in 2015 and 2019 would contain ten teams; the Associate countries, who were most likely to miss out in a tournament with fewer teams strongly objected, and, led by Ireland, urged the ICC to reconsider. In June the decision was reversed. After the World Cup Ireland played Pakistan, England, and Scotland in ODIs but lost each match. A further ODI against Sri Lanka was rained off. In all, Ireland played 12 ODIs in 2011, winning four. Ireland qualified for the 2015 Cricket World Cup, and were", "title": "Ireland cricket team" }, { "id": "7720562", "text": "Qualifier and both teams qualified for the last two spots in the 2015 Cricket World Cup. In preparation for the 2015 Cricket World Cup, the organising committee of the tournament was finalised. John Harnden was named chief executive, James Strong as chairman, and Ralph Waters was named as the deputy chairman. When Australia and New Zealand bid for the 2011 Cricket World Cup in 2006, they said that it will see a 50–50 split in games. Finally, it was decided on 30 July 2013 that Australia would host 26 matches, while New Zealand got a share of 23 matches in", "title": "2015 Cricket World Cup" }, { "id": "16198955", "text": "number of them after refusing central contracts offers to them by the board. It was the squad to face the UAE in the second round of the 2011-13 ICC Intercontinental Cup and the 2011-13 ICC Intercontinental Cup One-Day, with the latter being much significant as it served as qualification for the 2015 Cricket World Cup. He played just the one List A match against UAE, where he was not required to bat and conceded 17 runs off his three overs for no wicket. The opponent won the match by 4 wickets. Amit Shukla Amit Kandarp Shukla (born 2 January 1985", "title": "Amit Shukla" }, { "id": "91005", "text": "nations qualify automatically for the World Cup main event while the other teams have to qualify through a series of preliminary qualifying tournaments. A new qualifying format was introduced for the 2015 Cricket World Cup. The top two teams of the 2011–13 ICC World Cricket League Championship qualify directly. The remaining six teams join the third and fourth-placed teams of 2011 ICC World Cricket League Division Two and the top two teams of the 2013 ICC World Cricket League Division Three in the World Cup Qualifier to decide the remaining two places. Qualifying tournaments were introduced for the second World", "title": "Cricket World Cup" } ]

[ "1968" ]

[ { "id": "13813680", "text": "Planet of the Apes Planet of the Apes is an American science fiction media franchise consisting of films, books, television series, comics, and other media about a world in which humans and intelligent apes clash for control. The franchise is based on French author Pierre Boulle's 1963 novel \"La Planète des singes\", translated into English as \"Planet of the Apes\" or \"Monkey Planet\". Its 1968 film adaptation, \"Planet of the Apes\", was a critical and commercial hit, initiating a series of sequels, tie-ins, and derivative works. Arthur P. Jacobs produced the first five \"Apes\" films through APJAC Productions for distributor", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "1698799", "text": "that Jinn and Phyllis are actually civilized chimpanzees, and they discard Ulysse's story as sheer fantasy because the idea of humans as speaking and civilized members of society is an utterly unbelievable concept to them. The novel was published in France in 1963 by René Julliard Publishing. The first English language version, with a translation by Xan Fielding, was published in the United States by Vanguard Press in June 1963 under the title \"Planet of the Apes\". In January 1964, it was published in the United Kingdom as \"Monkey Planet\" by Secker & Warburg of London, then re-issued as \"Planet", "title": "Planet of the Apes (novel)" }, { "id": "1698800", "text": "of the Apes\" in August 1973 to tie it in to the film franchise it inspired. The first paperback edition was published in the US in March 1964 by Signet / New American Library. In May 1964, \"Saga: The Magazine For Men\" printed an abridged version of the novel. The novel inspired a media franchise comprising nine films, two television series (one animated) and several comic books. The first film was \"Planet of the Apes\" (1968), a science fiction feature film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner from a screenplay by Michael Wilson & Rod Serling and starring Charlton Heston. The", "title": "Planet of the Apes (novel)" }, { "id": "13813704", "text": "Booth Coleman played orangutan Councillor Zaius and Mark Lenard played gorilla General Urko. The episodes portray Virdon, Burke, and Galen as they search for a way home, aid downtrodden humans and apes, and avoid the authorities. The show premiered on September 13, 1974, filling CBS's 8–9 p.m. time slot on Fridays. It earned low ratings during its run, a fact the production team attributed to repetitive storytelling and too little screen time for the apes who made the franchise famous. Given the considerable production costs, CBS cancelled the show after 14 episodes, the last airing on December 20, 1974. In", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "5316391", "text": "Planet of the Apes-based magazine), reprinted from the TV series writer's bible. The series ran in the U.S. from September 13 to December 20, 1974. The series was canceled after half a season because of low ratings due to direct competition by NBC's \"Sanford and Son\" and \"Chico and the Man\". Only thirteen of its fourteen episodes were broadcast; all 14 episodes were later included in the DVD box set. It was later shown in reruns on the Sci Fi Channel. It was screened in Britain by 13 of the 14 ITV companies from 13 October 1974 each Sunday, until", "title": "Planet of the Apes (TV series)" }, { "id": "13813685", "text": "central message is that human intelligence is not a fixed quality and could atrophy if taken for granted. Boulle considered the novel one of his minor works, though it proved to be a bestseller. British author Xan Fielding translated it into English; it was published in the United Kingdom as \"Monkey Planet\" and in the United States as \"Planet of the Apes\". Boulle's literary agent, Allain Bernheim, brought the novel to the attention of American film producer Arthur P. Jacobs, who had come to Paris looking for properties to adapt with his new company, APJAC Productions. To explain his interests,", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "5316381", "text": "Planet of the Apes (TV series) Planet of the Apes is an American science fiction television series that aired on CBS in 1974. The series stars Roddy McDowall, Ron Harper, James Naughton, Mark Lenard and Booth Colman. It is based on the 1968 \"Planet of the Apes\" film and its sequels, which were inspired by the novel \"Planet of the Apes\" by Pierre Boulle. The series begins with the crash of an Earth spaceship that encountered a time warp while approaching Alpha Centauri on August 19, 1980. The spaceship is manned by three astronauts, one of whom has died in", "title": "Planet of the Apes (TV series)" }, { "id": "13813747", "text": "invoked in political discussions on topics as varied as Sixties culture, urban decay, contemporary wars, and gun violence. The following table shows the cast members who played the primary characters in the nine films to date. Planet of the Apes Planet of the Apes is an American science fiction media franchise consisting of films, books, television series, comics, and other media about a world in which humans and intelligent apes clash for control. The franchise is based on French author Pierre Boulle's 1963 novel \"La Planète des singes\", translated into English as \"Planet of the Apes\" or \"Monkey Planet\". Its", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12258567", "text": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. It stars Charlton Heston, Roddy McDowall, Kim Hunter, Maurice Evans, James Whitmore, James Daly and Linda Harrison. The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel \"La Planète des Singes\" by Pierre Boulle. Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score. It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973, all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox. The film tells the", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" }, { "id": "12677611", "text": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film) Planet of the Apes is a 2001 American science fiction film directed by Tim Burton and starring Mark Wahlberg, Tim Roth, Helena Bonham Carter, Michael Clarke Duncan, Paul Giamatti, and Estella Warren. The sixth film produced in the \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise, it was loosely adapted from Pierre Boulle's 1963 novel of the same name and the 1968 film version. It tells the story of astronaut Leo Davidson crash-landing on a planet inhabited by intelligent apes. The apes treat humans as slaves, but with the help of an ape named Ari, Leo starts", "title": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)" }, { "id": "12258569", "text": "J. Schaffner to direct the film. Schaffner's changes included an ape society less advanced—and therefore less expensive to depict—than that of the original novel. Filming took place between May 21 and August 10, 1967, in California, Utah and Arizona, with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. The film's final \"closed\" cost was $5.8 million. The film was released on February 8, 1968, in the United States and was a commercial success, earning a lifetime domestic gross of $32.6 million. The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" }, { "id": "5316388", "text": "$250,000 for each episode. Originally slated to air during CBS's Tuesday night family hour, the first regular episode of the series aired on Friday, September 13, 1974 from 8:00-9:00 PM. The remainder of the series aired in this same time slot until December 27, 1974, when its 14th and final broadcast was shown as a result of a premature cancellation of the series due to low ratings. The series' main theme was composed by Lalo Schifrin; Schifrin also scored three episodes of the series - \"Escape From Tomorrow,\" \"The Gladiators\" and \"The Good Seeds\" (the latter, though not the premiere", "title": "Planet of the Apes (TV series)" }, { "id": "5316392", "text": "18 January 1975. STV never screened the series in 1974/75, opting to broadcast \"Sale of the Century\" instead. The series was repeated in many regions from September 1975 until 1978, but was still not seen on STV. The series then received its first UK-wide transmissions on Channel 4 in 1994, and later on the Sci Fi Channel. The TV movie compilations have also been screened on Sky Movies, True Movies, True Entertainment (who also aired the show in original form) and Horror Channel. In 1980, several episodes of the series were edited into five made-for-television movies. When the \"Planet of", "title": "Planet of the Apes (TV series)" }, { "id": "1698793", "text": "Planet of the Apes (novel) La Planète des singes, known in English as Planet of the Apes in the US and Monkey Planet in the UK, is a 1963 science fiction novel by French author Pierre Boulle. It was adapted into the 1968 film \"Planet of the Apes\", launching the \"Planet of the Apes\" media franchise. The novel tells the tale of three human explorers from Earth who visit a planet orbiting the star Betelgeuse, in which great apes are the dominant intelligent and civilized species, whereas humans are reduced to a savage animal-like state. In a frame story, a", "title": "Planet of the Apes (novel)" }, { "id": "12677613", "text": "active development. Lawrence Konner and Mark Rosenthal rewrote the script, and filming took place from November 2000 to April 2001. \"Planet of the Apes\" was released to mixed reviews, but was a financial success. Much criticism focused on the confusing plot and ending, although Rick Baker's prosthetic makeup designs were praised. Despite its financial success, 20th Century Fox chose not to produce a sequel, and later rebooted the franchise in 2011 with \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\". In 2029, aboard the United States Air Force space station \"Oberon\", Leo Davidson works closely with primates who are trained for", "title": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)" }, { "id": "12677644", "text": "was July 4, 2001. \"Planet of the Apes\" was released on July 27, 2001 in 3,500 theaters across North America, earning $68,532,960 in its opening weekend. This was the second-highest opening weekend of 2001, behind \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\". The film went on to gross $180,011,740 in North America and $182,200,000 elsewhere, for a worldwide total of $362,211,740. \"Planet of the Apes\" was the tenth-highest-grossing film in North America, and ninth-highest worldwide, of 2001. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes \"Planet of the Apes\" has an approval rating of 45% based on 156 reviews, with an average rating", "title": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)" }, { "id": "13813709", "text": "(Henry Cordin), Zira (Philippa Harris), Cornelius (Edwin Mills), and Dr. Zaius (Richard Blackburn). NBC broadcast thirteen episodes between September 6 and November 29, 1975. The show did not achieve particularly strong ratings. The network considered producing a second, three-episode season to complete the story, but this never materialized. Fox initiated plans to relaunch the \"Planet of the Apes\" series in the 1980s, but the project fell into a drawn-out and fruitless development phase—\"development hell\"—for over ten years, one of the most protracted development periods in film history. It began in 1988, when Fox announced that Adam Rifkin, then a 21-year-old", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813692", "text": "1969. Post struggled with the material, especially after the studio cut the budget to $3.4 million. The story follows Franciscus's character, an astronaut who while searching for Taylor inadvertently follows him into the future. After encountering the apes from the first film, Brent finds Taylor imprisoned by a colony of subterranean human mutants who worship an ancient nuclear bomb. Kim Hunter, Maurice Evans, and Linda Harrison returned as Zira, Zaius, and Nova. David Watson replaced Roddy McDowall as Cornelius, as McDowall was unavailable due to a scheduling conflict. James Gregory played gorilla General Ursus and Paul Richards played mutant leader", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813733", "text": "into limbo, creating their own story based on Boulle's novel and the original films. The game is an action-adventure in which players control astronaut Ulysses as he explores an ape-ruled future Earth. Fox Interactive's decision to co-publish with another company, Ubisoft, further delayed the game's release. Despite its long development, the game missed the debut of Tim Burton's \"Planet of the Apes\" film by two months; it finally appeared on September 20, 2001, to mostly negative reviews. Additionally, Ubisoft produced a substantially different \"Planet of the Apes\" game for Game Boy Advance and Game Boy Color, a side-scroller following the", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "1398270", "text": "Kim Hunter Kim Hunter (born Janet Cole; November 12, 1922 – September 11, 2002) was an American film, theatre, and television actress. She won both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award, each as Best Supporting Actress, for her performance as Stella Kowalski in the 1951 film \"A Streetcar Named Desire\". Decades later, she was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for her work on the long-running soap opera \"The Edge of Night\". She also portrayed the character of chimpanzee Zira in the first three installments of the original film adaptation \"Planet of the Apes\". Hunter was born in", "title": "Kim Hunter" }, { "id": "18054991", "text": "different premise and story than the video game. Fox launched a major marketing campaign for the game in 2000, but release was delayed into 2001. Despite the long development, the game missed the July 27, 2001 debut of Tim Burton's film, though Fox Interactive stated that they hoped it would reduce confusion among consumers expecting a straightforward tie-in. On September 6, 2001, Fox Interactive announced a new co-publishing partnership for all its titles with Ubisoft, enabling them to finally release \"Planet of the Apes\". The PlayStation version was released on May 30, 2001; the PC version appears in stores on", "title": "Planet of the Apes (video game)" }, { "id": "12258593", "text": "Guy\", \"South Park\", \"Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back\", \"Mad Men\", \"The Big Bang Theory\" and the \"Madagascar\" films. The film is also alluded to in literature, most notably in Junot Díaz's Pulitzer-winning novel \"The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao\" (2007). Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. It stars Charlton Heston, Roddy McDowall, Kim Hunter, Maurice Evans, James Whitmore, James Daly and Linda Harrison. The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel \"La Planète des", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" }, { "id": "13813713", "text": "ape astronaut from a distant planet unleashes a devastating virus on Earth. Scientists go to the astronaut's planet, where apes hunt humans; they locate a cure, but return to find Earth overrun by simians. Schwarzenegger remained attached, but Fox found the script underwhelming. Columbus left the project in 1995 after his mother's death, and James Cameron stepped in to produce. Cameron intended to go in a \"very different direction\" with the script, but following the critical and financial success of his film \"Titanic\", he dropped out of the project. Fox approached a series of directors to take over, without success.", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "7204762", "text": "no Saru no Wakusei, \"\"Battle on the Planet of Monkeys\"\", in Japanese) was also adapted into a manga by Mitsuru Sugaya, and published in a 1973 special issue of the magazine \"Weekly Shōnen Champion\". Gold Key Comics produced an adaptation of the second film in 1970. That was the first Western comics publication in the \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise. Marvel Comics released a number of titles, the longest-lived being Planet of the Apes (published under the Marvel imprint Curtis Magazines), which appeared in black-and-white magazine format, and ran for twenty-nine issues from 1974 to 1977. Besides adaptations of all", "title": "Planet of the Apes (comics)" }, { "id": "1698801", "text": "film was a critical and commercial success, spawning four sequels on a one film a year basis between 1970 and 1973. A second adaptation of the book was released in 2001 directed by Tim Burton as a loose remake of the 1968 film of the same name. A series reboot with a new production team called \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\" was released in 2011 to critical and commercial success. It was the first in a new series of films. Independent of the American franchise, a 1974 Japanese television series, \"Saru No Gundan\", was based on the novel.", "title": "Planet of the Apes (novel)" }, { "id": "1698802", "text": "Parts of the series were edited into a feature-length film for English audiences in 1988, titled \"Time of the Apes\". Planet of the Apes (novel) La Planète des singes, known in English as Planet of the Apes in the US and Monkey Planet in the UK, is a 1963 science fiction novel by French author Pierre Boulle. It was adapted into the 1968 film \"Planet of the Apes\", launching the \"Planet of the Apes\" media franchise. The novel tells the tale of three human explorers from Earth who visit a planet orbiting the star Betelgeuse, in which great apes are", "title": "Planet of the Apes (novel)" }, { "id": "12258568", "text": "story of an astronaut crew who crash-lands on a strange planet in the distant future. Although the planet appears desolate at first, the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech. The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins. The script was originally written by Rod Serling, but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began. Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached, but the film's producer Arthur P. Jacobs, upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston, chose Franklin", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" }, { "id": "13813727", "text": "\"Beneath\" adaptations. In 1990, during a resurgence of interest in the franchise, Malibu Comics launched a new monthly black-and-white \"Planet of the Apes\" comic through its Adventure Comics studio. The debut issue sold 40,000, a record for black-and-white comics, leading to a successful run of 24 issues over two years. The series follows Caesar's grandson and heir Alexander as he struggles to govern ape civilization. The comic's success led Malibu to publish five four-issue spin-off miniseries: \"Ape City\", \"Planet of the Apes: Urchak's Folly\", the \"Alien Nation\" crossover \"Ape Nation\", \"Planet of the Apes: Blood of the Apes\", and \"Planet", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813689", "text": "mute, primitive humans. Kim Hunter and Roddy McDowall played the sympathetic chimpanzees Zira and Cornelius, and Linda Harrison portrayed Taylor's love interest Nova. Maurice Evans played the villain, orangutan science minister Dr. Zaius. The finale, in which Taylor comes upon a ruined Statue of Liberty and realizes he has been on Earth all along, became the series' defining scene and one of the most iconic images in 1960s film. \"Planet of the Apes\" was released on February 8, 1968, and was a smash success with both critics and audiences. It was one of the year's ten biggest money makers in", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12258586", "text": "who designed prosthetic make up in the film, held training sessions at 20th Century-Fox studios, where he mentored other make-up artists of the film. Filming began on May 21, 1967, and ended on August 10, 1967. Most of the early scenes of a desert-like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon, the Colorado River, Lake Powell, Glen Canyon and other locations near Page, Arizona Most scenes of the ape village, interiors and exteriors, were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park, northwest of Los Angeles, essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox. The concluding", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" }, { "id": "1344312", "text": "he is dying, Taylor (after Zaius refuses to help him) decides to stop the violence by detonating the bomb. This he does, destroying the Earth itself. Gold Key Comics produced an adaptation of \"Beneath the Planet of the Apes\" in 1970. This was the first comics publication in the \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise. Later, Marvel Comics published a different version in two series (b/w magazine 1974-77, color comic book 1975-76). Malibu Comics reprinted the Marvel adaptations when they had the license in the early 1990s. \"Beneath the Planet of the Apes\" grossed $18,999,718 (approximately US $118M in 2016) at", "title": "Beneath the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12677634", "text": "Jackson again turned down the project while facing the possible cancellation of \"The Lord of the Rings\" in 1998, because he was unenthusiastic following Roddy McDowall's death. In mid-1999, the Hughes brothers were interested in directing but were committed to \"From Hell\". In 1999, William Broyles, Jr. turned down the chance to write the script, but decided to sign on \"when I found out I could have an extensive amount of creative control\". Fox projected the release date for July 2001, while Broyles sent the studio an outline and a chronicle of the fictional planet \"Aschlar\". Entitled \"The Visitor\" and", "title": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)" }, { "id": "13813724", "text": "critical acclaim; reviewers praised the effects and narrative, and found the film a fitting conclusion to Caesar's story. It earned $491 million around the globe. In October 2016, it was reported that a fourth film in the new series was being discussed. Pierre Boulle's novel \"La Planète des singes\" was translated and reprinted several times after its original publication in 1963. All of the original sequels spawned novelizations by established science fiction writers of the day, each of which went through multiple reprintings of their own. Michael Avallone wrote the novelization for \"Beneath the Planet of the Apes\" in 1970.", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813681", "text": "20th Century Fox; since his death in 1973, Fox has controlled the franchise. Four sequels followed the original film from 1970 to 1973: \"Beneath the Planet of the Apes\", \"Escape from the Planet of the Apes\", \"Conquest of the Planet of the Apes\", and \"Battle for the Planet of the Apes\". They did not approach the critical acclaim of the original, but were commercially successful, spawning two television series in 1974 and 1975. Plans for a film remake stalled in \"development hell\" for over ten years before Tim Burton's \"Planet of the Apes\" was released in 2001. A reboot film", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813715", "text": "film stars Mark Wahlberg as astronaut Leo Davidson, who accidentally travels through a wormhole to a distant planet where talking apes enslave humans. He leads a human revolt and upends ape civilization by discovering that the apes evolved from the normal earth primates who had accompanied his mission, and arrived years before. Helena Bonham Carter played chimpanzee Ari, while Tim Roth played the human-hating chimpanzee General Thade. The film received mixed reviews; most critics believed it failed to compare to the original. Much of the negative commentary focused on the confusing plot and twist ending, though many reviewers praised the", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "18255218", "text": "to the fifth film in the original series, \"Battle for the Planet of the Apes\", but it is not a direct remake. Principal photography began on October 14, 2015, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. \"War for the Planet of the Apes\" premiered in New York City on July 10, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 14, 2017, by 20th Century Fox. The film has grossed over $490 million and received critical praise, with many reviewers highlighting the performances (particularly Serkis's), visual effects, story, direction, and musical score. The film received a nomination for Best Special", "title": "War for the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "7204772", "text": "the \"Empire\" follow-up. Boom!'s \"Planet of the Apes\" series of comics is the longest-running adaptation of the series, publishing more comics than Marvel (29 issues) and Malibu (50 issues). Beginning April 2011, Boom! Studios launched a new series written by novelist Daryl Gregory, illustrated by Carlos Magno and edited by Ian Brill, with covers by Karl Richardson and Chad Hardin that took place 500 years before the original 1968 \"Planet of the Apes\" movie in the continuity of the first five films. It ran for a total of 16 issues, ending in August 2012. The storyline was continued in \"Planet", "title": "Planet of the Apes (comics)" }, { "id": "13813723", "text": "of \"Dawn\", he was contracted to return as director; he also wrote the script with Mark Bomback. Peter Chernin, Dylan Clark, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver again served as producers. Given a $150 million budget, \"War for the Planet of the Apes\" was released on July 14, 2017. The film depicts the apes and humans in armed conflict, and follows Caesar and his followers as they track down the mysterious Colonel, a human paramilitary leader, and search for a new home. Serkis returned as Caesar, Woody Harrelson played the villainous Colonel, and Steve Zahn played Bad Ape. It earned widespread", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "5316387", "text": "and aired successfully in September 1973. Based largely on high viewership of \"movie-of-the-week\" TV broadcasts of the first few films, CBS began to focus away from other contenders for a new science-fiction series, including Gene Roddenberry's \"Genesis II\" (1973) and look solely at the prospects for an \"Apes\" TV series. Fox and CBS went on to continue Jacob's plans of a series the following year. CBS ordered 14 episodes of \"Planet of the Apes\" to be produced. The series was filmed for the most part on location at what is now Malibu Creek State Park, with a budget of about", "title": "Planet of the Apes (TV series)" }, { "id": "12258580", "text": "to his knees in despair and anger while condemning humanity for destroying the world. Producer Arthur P. Jacobs bought the rights for the Pierre Boulle novel before its publication in 1963. Jacobs pitched the production to many studios, but was passed over. After Jacobs made a successful debut as a producer doing 1964's \"What a Way to Go!\" (1964) for 20th Century Fox and begun pre-production of another movie for the studio, \"Doctor Dolittle\", he managed to convince Fox vice-president Richard D. Zanuck to greenlight \"Planet of the Apes\". One script that came close to being made was written by", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" }, { "id": "13813721", "text": "from the project due to production and scheduling issues, and was replaced by Matt Reeves. Set ten years after \"Rise\", the film establishes that the \"simian flu\" that increased the intelligence of the apes has killed most humans. Caesar struggles to maintain peace as his ape community is drawn into violent clashes with nearby human survivors. Weta Digital again provided special effects work, which combined practical sets, digitally manipulated backgrounds, and performance capture ape characters. The lead human characters were played by Jason Clarke, as Malcolm; Keri Russell, as Ellie; and Gary Oldman, as Dreyfus. Released on July 11, 2014,", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "18054990", "text": "action-adventure game would best suit the material and available technology. They developed the game for PC, PlayStation, and Sega Dreamcast, though they scrapped the Dreamcast version when Sega discontinued the console. Rather than publish the game themselves, Fox Interactive opted to co-publish with a third party. This move, which industry professionals took as a sign that the division was in decline, resulted in major production delays. The game was officially announced at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 1999. The film project subsequently went forward under director Tim Burton; the film, released as \"Planet of the Apes\" in 2001, had a substantially", "title": "Planet of the Apes (video game)" }, { "id": "13813703", "text": "installment. Jacobs died on June 27, 1973, bringing an end to the APJAC Productions era of the \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise. Former Fox executive Stan Hough took over as producer for the television project, titled \"Planet of the Apes\". CBS picked up the series for its 1974 autumn lineup. Ron Harper and James Naughton played Alan Virdon and Peter Burke, two 20th-century American astronauts who pass through a time warp to a future where apes subjugate humans (unlike the original film, the humans can speak). Roddy McDowall returned to the franchise as Galen, a chimpanzee who joins the astronauts.", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12258570", "text": "was well received by critics and audiences, launching a film franchise, including four sequels, as well as a short-lived television show, animated series, comic books, and various merchandising. In particular, Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the \"Apes\" series, appearing in four of the original five films (absent, apart from a brief voiceover, from the second film of the series, \"Beneath the Planet of the Apes\", in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius), and also in the television series. The original series was followed by Tim Burton's remake \"Planet of the Apes\" in", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" }, { "id": "13813682", "text": "series commenced in 2011 with \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\", which was followed by \"Dawn of the Planet of the Apes\" in 2014 and \"War for the Planet of the Apes\" in 2017. The films have grossed a total of over $2 billion worldwide, against a combined budget of $567.5 million. Along with further narratives in various media, franchise tie-ins include video games, toys, and planned theme park rides. \"Planet of the Apes\" has received particular attention among film critics for its treatment of racial issues. Cinema and cultural analysts have also explored its Cold War and animal", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12258571", "text": "2001 and the reboot \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\" in 2011. Also in 2001, \"Planet of the Apes\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". As of 2018, Lou Wagner and Linda Harrison are the last surviving principal cast members. Astronauts Taylor (Charlton Heston), Landon (Robert Gunner) and Dodge (Jeff Burton) are in deep hibernation when their spaceship crashes in a lake on an unknown planet after a long near-light speed voyage, during which they aged 18 months due to time dilation", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" }, { "id": "13813741", "text": "Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" and by Mike Douglas on \"The Mike Douglas Show\". In the 1970s, fans Bill Blake and Paula Crist created Cornelius and Zira costumes; their routine was convincing enough that Fox licensed them to portray the characters at events. The films earned strong ratings when they aired on television after their releases, and various stations rebroadcast them together in marathons in later years. The live-action television series was reformatted into five TV movies for further broadcast in 1981, and the Sci-Fi Channel ran both it and the cartoon in the 1990s. \"Planet of the Apes\" had", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12677654", "text": "long development, the game missed the debut of Burton's film. Fox Interactive and co-publisher Ubisoft finally released the PC version on September 20, 2001; the PlayStation version followed on August 22, 2002. The game received mostly negative reviews. Additionally, Ubisoft and developer Torus Games produced a substantially different \"Planet of the Apes\" game for Game Boy Advance and Game Boy Color. It is a side-scroller following the first two films; the player controls astronaut Ben on the Planet of the Apes. The Game Boy versions received average reviews. Planet of the Apes (2001 film) Planet of the Apes is a", "title": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)" }, { "id": "12677637", "text": "the filmmakers decided on the final one. The production of \"Planet of the Apes\" was a difficult experience for Burton. This was largely contributed by Fox's adamant release date (July 2001), which meant that everything from pre-production to editing and visual effects work was rushed. Konner and Rosenthal were rewriting the script even as sets were being constructed. Ari, Helena Bonham Carter's character, was originally a princess. She was changed to \"a Senator's daughter with a liberal mentality\". One of the drafts had General Thade, Tim Roth's character, as an albino gorilla, but Burton felt chimpanzees were more frightening. Limbo,", "title": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)" }, { "id": "364028", "text": "B-movie offerings up to that time in scope and quality and greatly influenced later science fiction films. That same year \"Planet of the Apes\", directed by Franklin J. Schaffner and based on the 1963 French novel \"La Planète des Singes\" by Pierre Boulle, was also popular and critically acclaimed for its vivid depiction of a post-apocalyptic world in which intelligent apes dominate humans. In 1977 George Lucas began the \"Star Wars\" film series with the film now identified as \"\"Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope\"\". The series went on to become a worldwide popular culture phenomenon, and the", "title": "Science fiction" }, { "id": "13813686", "text": "Jacobs would tell agents, \"I wish \"King Kong\" hadn't been made so I could make it.\" Bernheim initially approached him about a Françoise Sagan novel, which Jacobs turned down. Remembering Jacobs' earlier comment about \"King Kong\", Bernheim mentioned \"La Planète des singes\", not expecting he would be interested. However, the story intrigued Jacobs, who bought the film rights immediately. After optioning the novel's film rights, Jacobs spent over three years trying to convince filmmakers to take on the project. He hired a succession of artists to create test sketches, and hired veteran television writer Rod Serling, creator of \"The Twilight", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813732", "text": "found earlier in a case labeled \"Alligator People\", as the missing \"Apes\" game. Independent designers Retrodesign completed and released the game as \"Revenge of the Apes\" in 2003. In the game, the player controls Taylor as he fights apes across several levels inspired by the film to reach the Statue of Liberty. A video game based on the series did not appear until 2001. Fox Interactive began developing a \"Planet of the Apes\" game in 1998 for PC and PlayStation as a tie-in to the long-gestating remake project. Fox and developer Visiware proceeded with the game when the project went", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "18414518", "text": "Revenge of the Apes Planet of the Apes, later released as Revenge of the Apes, is a video game originally developed in 1983 by 20th Century Fox for the Atari 2600. Planned as the \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise's first video game, it was still in the prototype phase when Fox shuttered its game division during the video game crash of 1983. It went unreleased and was assumed lost until 2002, when collectors identified a mislabeled cartridge as the missing \"Planet of the Apes\" game. It was completed and released as \"Revenge of the Apes\" by Retrodesign in 2003. The", "title": "Revenge of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813717", "text": "a human household. He and Silver pitched the concept to Fox as a way to reboot the \"Apes\" franchise by reinventing the story of the chimpanzee Caesar, the lead character of \"Conquest\". Fox was impressed and bought the pitch, but development struggled for five years as the production cycled through scripts, writers, directors, and producers. In 2010, producers Peter Chernin and Dylan Clark of Chernin Entertainment stepped in to move the film forward, retaining Jaffa and Silver as writers. In the final script, Caesar receives enhanced cognition from a viral drug created by Will Rodman, who raises him. After being", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "16563596", "text": "to stay alive in the aftermath of a plague that is wiping out humanity, while Caesar tries to maintain dominance over his community of intelligent apes. \"Dawn of the Planet of the Apes\" was released in the United States on July 11, 2014 and was met with highly positive reviews, with critics praising its visual effects, story, direction, acting, musical score, action sequences and emotional depth. It was also a box office success, grossing over $710 million worldwide, and making it the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects. It was also", "title": "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "2056219", "text": "Escape from the Planet of the Apes Escape from the Planet of the Apes is a 1971 science fiction film directed by Don Taylor and written by Paul Dehn. It stars Roddy McDowall, Kim Hunter, Bradford Dillman and Ricardo Montalbán. It is the third of five films in the original \"Planet of the Apes\" series produced by Arthur P. Jacobs, the second being \"Beneath the Planet of the Apes\" (1970). Its plot centers on many social issues of the day including scientific experimentation on animals, nuclear war and government intrusion. The film was well received by critics, getting the best", "title": "Escape from the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "7204764", "text": "a weekly title of the same name, lasting 123 issues from 1974 to 1977. This included adapted reprints of the Killraven comic, renamed as \"Apeslayer\" and with alien apes as enemies. The British title changed names to Planet of the Apes and Dracula Lives, before merging into \"The Mighty World of Marvel\" #231-246, where the title spot on the cover was shared between \"Planet of the Apes\" and \"The Incredible Hulk\" — also being stories from the U.S. runs. In 1975, Power Records made adaptations of four of the films which were included with book-and-record sets, and appeared in LP", "title": "Planet of the Apes (comics)" }, { "id": "13813726", "text": "been published regularly since 1968. Among the most notable is Marvel Comics' \"Planet of the Apes\" magazine, published from 1974 to 1977. The black-and-white series featured adaptations of each of the films, new \"Apes\" stories by Doug Moench, series news, essays, interviews, and other material. It became one of Marvel's most successful titles, attracting 300 to 400 fan letters with every issue, so many that the studio had to suspend its practice of writing personal responses. Marvel also published the monthly title \"Adventures on the Planet of the Apes\" from 1975 to 1976, comprising color reprints of the \"Planet\" and", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813714", "text": "In 1999, Fox hired William Broyles, Jr. to write a new script. Fox insisted on a July 2001 release date, but otherwise offered Broyles considerable creative license. This prospect attracted director Tim Burton, who hoped to do a \"re-imagining\" of \"Planet of the Apes\". Burton found the production arduous, largely due to Fox's strict release schedule. The studio budgeted the film at $100 million, meaning Broyles' ambitious script had to be altered to reduce costs; Lawrence Konner and Mark Rosenthal worked on rewrites even as the film entered production. The tight schedule meant all stages of production were rushed. The", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "3134784", "text": "Conquest of the Planet of the Apes Conquest of the Planet of the Apes is a 1972 science fiction film directed by J. Lee Thompson and written by Paul Dehn. It is the fourth of five films in the original \"Planet of the Apes\" series produced by Arthur P. Jacobs. The film stars Roddy McDowall, Don Murray and Ricardo Montalbán. It explores how the apes rebelled from humanity's ill treatment following \"Escape from the Planet of the Apes\" (1971). It was followed by \"Battle for the Planet of the Apes\" (1973). The series reboot \"Rise of the Planet of the", "title": "Conquest of the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12677620", "text": "be the Lincoln Memorial, only to find that it is now a monument to General Thade. A swarm of police officers, firefighters, and news reporters descend on Leo, all of whom are apes. Small roles include David Warner (Senator Sandar), Lisa Marie (Nova), Erick Avari (Tival), Luke Eberl (Birn), Evan Parke (Gunnar), Glenn Shadix (Senator Nado), Freda Foh Shen (Bon), Chris Ellis (Lt. Gen. Karl Vasich) and Anne Ramsay (Lt. Col. Grace Alexander). There are also cameo appearances by Charlton Heston (uncredited) as Zaius, Thade's father, and Linda Harrison (the woman in the cart). Both participated in two original films", "title": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)" }, { "id": "13813693", "text": "Méndez. The film opened on May 26, 1970. Unlike its predecessor, \"Beneath\" was poorly reviewed; critics typically regard it as the worst of the \"Apes\" sequels other than the last, \"Battle for the Planet of the Apes\". Nonetheless, it was a major box office hit, nearing the original's numbers. Despite a conclusion depicting the planet's nuclear destruction, Fox requested another sequel, creating a series. Following the financial success of \"Beneath\", Arthur P. Jacobs recruited Paul Dehn to write a new script with a brief telegram: \"Apes exist, Sequel required.\" Dehn immediately started work on what became \"Escape from the Planet", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813691", "text": "Jacobs and Abrahams considered several treatments by Serling and Boulle, eventually rejecting them. In late 1968, the producers hired Paul Dehn to write the script; he would become the primary writer for the franchise. Charlton Heston was uninterested in a sequel, but agreed to shoot a few scenes if his character was killed off and his salary donated to charity. In one of many major rewrites, Dehn altered the script to center on a new character, Brent, played by James Franciscus. With Shaffner unavailable, owing to his work on \"Patton\", the producers hired Ted Post as director on January 8,", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "18255239", "text": "July 21, 2017. The film was initially set for a July 29, 2016, release. However, in January 2015, Fox postponed the film's release date to about a year later on July 14, 2017. Special behind-the-scenes footage for the film was aired on TV on November 22, 2015, as part of a contest announcement presented by director Matt Reeves and Andy Serkis. The footage aired during \"The Walking Dead\" on AMC. The announcement allowed winners to wear a performance-capture suit and appear in a scene as an ape. The announcement was released on 20th Century Fox's official YouTube page later the", "title": "War for the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12677652", "text": "on with his former fiancée Lisa Marie. After their relationship broke up, Burton started a relationship with Bonham Carter, who portrayed Ari. \"Planet of the Apes\" was also Burton's first collaboration with producer Richard D. Zanuck. Fox returned to the franchise in 2011 with \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\", a reboot of the series that proved to be a hit and led to its own sequels. In 1998, after 20th Century Fox had greenlit James Cameron's version of the film remake, the company's video game division, Fox Interactive, started planning a video game tie-in. The film project went", "title": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)" }, { "id": "1344295", "text": "Beneath the Planet of the Apes Beneath the Planet of the Apes is a 1970 American science fiction film directed by Ted Post and written by Paul Dehn. It is the second of five films in the original \"Planet of the Apes\" series produced by Arthur P. Jacobs. The film stars James Franciscus, Kim Hunter, Maurice Evans, and Linda Harrison, and features Charlton Heston in a supporting role. In this sequel, another spacecraft crashes on the planet ruled by apes, carrying astronaut Brent who searches for Taylor and discovers an underground city inhabited by mutated humans with psychic powers. \"Beneath", "title": "Beneath the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813731", "text": "toys, including detailed action figures of new and \"classic\" characters sold as collectibles. A \"Planet of the Apes\" ride is planned for the 20th Century Fox World theme parks under construction in Dubai and Malaysia. In 1983, 20th Century Fox Videogames developed a \"Planet of the Apes\" game for the Atari 2600, which was to be the first computer game based on the series. The game was still in the prototype phase when Fox shuttered its game division during the video game crash of 1983, and never saw release. It was assumed lost until 2002, when collectors identified a prototype,", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12624211", "text": "\"Planet of the Apes\". The first Newton Comics titles were issued in May 1975, accompanied by a massive marketing campaign. The heavy promotion initially paid off with sales of up to 30,000 recorded for the first issues, dropping to around 20,000 for the second and third issues. After a few months sales had dropped to 6,000-8,000 per issue. It soon became apparent that sales projections were grossly overestimated, with print runs being too high and returns from newsagents being substantial. By the end of 1976, Newton Comics was defunct. Following the collapse of his publishing empire Newton relocated to the", "title": "Maxwell Newton" }, { "id": "18255217", "text": "War for the Planet of the Apes War for the Planet of the Apes is a 2017 American science fiction film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves. A sequel to \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\" (2011) and \"Dawn of the Planet of the Apes\" (2014), it is the third installment in the \"Planet of the Apes\" reboot series. The film stars Andy Serkis, Woody Harrelson and Steve Zahn, and follows a confrontation between the apes, led by Caesar, and the humans for control of Earth. Like its predecessor, its premise shares several similarities", "title": "War for the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "18414523", "text": "likely have been added had production continued on the prototype. Revenge of the Apes Planet of the Apes, later released as Revenge of the Apes, is a video game originally developed in 1983 by 20th Century Fox for the Atari 2600. Planned as the \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise's first video game, it was still in the prototype phase when Fox shuttered its game division during the video game crash of 1983. It went unreleased and was assumed lost until 2002, when collectors identified a mislabeled cartridge as the missing \"Planet of the Apes\" game. It was completed and released", "title": "Revenge of the Apes" }, { "id": "148176", "text": "Franklin J. Schaffner Franklin James Schaffner (May 30, 1920July 2, 1989) was an American film director. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for \"Patton\" (1970), and is also known for the films \"Planet of the Apes\" (1968), \"Nicholas and Alexandra\" (1971), \"Papillon\" (1973), and \"The Boys from Brazil\" (1978). Schaffner was born in Tokyo, Japan, the son of American missionaries Sarah Horting (née Swords) and Paul Franklin Schaffner, and was raised in Japan. He returned to the United States and graduated from Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he was active in drama. He studied law", "title": "Franklin J. Schaffner" }, { "id": "7204767", "text": "been made available on fan sites. In 1981, a Hungarian company published a comic adaptation of Pierre Boulle's original novel, titled A Majmok bolygója (lit. \"\"The Monkey Planet\"\"). This adaptation was written and drawn by Hungarian comic artist Ernő Zórád. To date, the Hungarian comic has never been published in English, but a translation has been made available on fan sites. Between 1990–1993, Adventure Comics, a division of Malibu Publishing, produced more original storylines, set after the time of Caesar. These included a 24-issue monthly title, a one-shot (\"Sins of the Father\"), a \"Planet of the Apes\" annual and five", "title": "Planet of the Apes (comics)" }, { "id": "13813688", "text": "Fox insisted on changes to reduce the budget to a more manageable $5.8 million. The producers hired veteran writer Michael Wilson, who had previously adapted Boulle's novel \"The Bridge over the River Kwai\", to rewrite Serling's script. To save on special effects costs, Wilson's script described an ape society more primitive than that which appeared in the novel. The new version changed much of the plot and dialogue, but retained the Cold War themes and Serling's ending. John Chambers created the makeup effects. Heston played 20th-century American astronaut George Taylor, who travels to a strange planet where intelligent apes dominate", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12258584", "text": "first Ursula Andress, then Raquel Welch, and Angelique Pettyjohn. When these three women proved unavailable or uninterested, Zanuck gave the part to Harrison. Dr. Zaius was originally to have been played by Robinson, but he backed out due to the heavy makeup and long sessions required to apply it. Robinson later made his final film, \"Soylent Green\" (1973), opposite his one-time \"Ten Commandments\" (1956) co-star Heston. Michael Wilson's rewrite kept the basic structure of Serling's screenplay but rewrote all the dialogue and set the script in a more primitive society. According to associate producer Mort Abrahams an additional uncredited writer", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" }, { "id": "13813743", "text": "worlds ruled by talking animals. Mel Brooks' 1987 science fiction spoof \"Spaceballs\" lampooned the original \"Planet\"'s Statue of Liberty ending. Interest in the series resurged in the 1990s, as plans for a new film and other media circulated. Greene attributes this renewed interest to a combination of \"pop culture nostalgia and baby boomer economics\", as well as a \"political ferment\" rising at the time that hearkened back to the period when the films were first released. Inspired particularly by the publication of the Malibu Comics series, during this period fans founded new clubs, websites, and fanzines active in the U.S.,", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "16563615", "text": "film made a net profit of $182.18 million. It had a worldwide opening of $103.3 million which was the 11th-highest of 2014. Worldwide it is the highest-grossing film in the \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise and the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014. In the United States and Canada, the film is the highest-grossing film in the \"Planet of the Apes\" franchise, unadjusted for inflation and the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014. It opened on July 11, 2014 across 3,967 theaters and topped the box office on its opening day earning $27.7 million (including previews). During its traditional three-opening, the film debuted at", "title": "Dawn of the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12258591", "text": "\"The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time\". The film won an honorary Academy Award for John Chambers for his outstanding make-up achievement. The film was nominated for Best Costume Design (Morton Haack) and Best Original Score for a Motion Picture (not a Musical) (Jerry Goldsmith). The score is known for its avant-garde compositional techniques, as well as the use of unusual percussion instruments and extended performance techniques, as well as his 12-note music (the violin part using all 12 chromatic notes) to give an eerie, unsettled feel to the planet, mirroring the sense of placelessness. Writer Rod Serling was brought", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" }, { "id": "12677627", "text": "that it was the apes that created the virus to destroy the human race. They protect her from the virus, thus ensuring the survival of the human race 102,000 years later. Billie Rae gives birth to a baby boy named Adam. Fox president Peter Chernin called \"Return of the Apes\" \"one of the best scripts I ever read\". Chernin was hoping Hayes' script would create a franchise that included sequels, spin-off television shows and merchandise. In March 1994, Arnold Schwarzenegger signed on as Will Robinson with the condition he had approval of director. Chuck Russell was considered as a possible", "title": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)" }, { "id": "13813716", "text": "special effects. The film succeeded at the box office, taking in $362 million worldwide. Fox had initially hoped for a sequel, but the difficult production left Burton unenthusiastic about participating, and the film failed to generate enough interest for the studio to pursue a follow-up. In 2005, screenwriters Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver developed a concept for a new \"Planet of the Apes\" film, eventually titled \"Rise of the Planet of the Apes\". Inspired by news articles on apes raised as humans and advances in genetics, Jaffa conceived an idea for a film about a genetically enhanced chimp raised in", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813719", "text": "Rupert Wyatt. To portray ape characters realistically, the production avoided practical effects in favor of performance capture acting, partnering with New Zealand visual effects company Weta Digital. Wyatt cast James Franco as Will Rodman, while veteran performance capture actor Andy Serkis signed on to star as Caesar. \"Rise\" debuted on August 5, 2011. Critics reviewed it positively, especially praising the visual effects and Serkis's performance. It was a major box office hit, taking in $482 million globally, more than five times its $93 million budget. Weta's special effects earned the film two Visual Effects Society Awards and an Oscar nomination", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "8752221", "text": "Monroe's agreement to star in it, but her death in 1962 forced Jacobs to replace her with Shirley MacLaine. \"What a Way to Go!\" became one of Fox's highest-grossing releases of 1964, earning Jacobs enough credibility for the studio to finance \"Doctor Dolittle\", ultimately a much-maligned movie that failed both critically and commercially upon its release in 1967. \"Planet of the Apes\", however, became a box office hit in 1968 and spawned four sequels. At the same time, Jacobs's APJAC merged with Jerome Hellman Productions and produced the musical \"Goodbye, Mr Chips\" for Jacobs's former employer, MGM. Despite being cheaper", "title": "Arthur P. Jacobs" }, { "id": "5316386", "text": "ruins. Discussions for a \"Planet of the Apes\" television series were made by producer Arthur P. Jacobs as early as 1971. Because of the success of the films, the idea of a television series was put on hold until after the completion of \"Battle for the Planet of the Apes\" in the first half of 1973. However, shortly after the premiere of \"Battle\", Jacobs died, and his production company APJAC Productions sold all \"Planet of the Apes\" rights and privileges to 20th Century Fox. Subsequently, television rights for the first three \"Planet of the Apes\" films were sold to CBS", "title": "Planet of the Apes (TV series)" }, { "id": "7065473", "text": "Norman Burton Norman Burton (December 5, 1923 – November 29, 2003), occasionally credited as Normann Burton, was an American stage film and television actor. Born in New York City, Burton was a student of The Actor's Studio. After early work on stage, he broke into films with a minor role in \"Fright\" (1956). His career in film and television was long and relatively successful, but he never achieved major recognition. He played the Hunt Leader, a gorilla, in the science fiction film \"Planet of the Apes\", notable as being the first ape to be seen by both Taylor and the", "title": "Norman Burton" }, { "id": "5316396", "text": "available at Kassidy Rae's site. (See link below.) Filmstrip Story—Chad Valley, a U.K. toy company, produced 32 short film-based comic strips containing an original TV-series-era story, packaged as the Chad Valley Picture Show Planet of the Apes Sliderama Projector (very similar to the many Give-a-Show projector sets of the 1970s). These strips are extremely rare and difficult to come by. Planet of the Apes (TV series) Planet of the Apes is an American science fiction television series that aired on CBS in 1974. The series stars Roddy McDowall, Ron Harper, James Naughton, Mark Lenard and Booth Colman. It is based", "title": "Planet of the Apes (TV series)" }, { "id": "13813740", "text": "great ape personhood in portraying Caesar and his friends struggling for their rights in a society that does not consider them legal persons. \"Planet of the Apes\" received popular and critical attention well after production ended on the original films and television series. Fans' interest in the franchise continued through publications like Marvel Comics' \"Planet of the Apes\" magazine and science fiction conventions, where the series was sufficiently popular to inspire \"apecons\"—conventions devoted entirely to films involving apes—in the 1970s. The series' distinctive ape costumes were employed in live appearances, including by musician Paul Williams (Virgil from \"Battle\") on \"The", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "4626638", "text": "materialized. Airing on NBC, the series premiered on September 6, 1975 and was broadcast until September 4, 1976, although only thirteen episodes were produced. The series aired Saturday mornings at 11:00 AM Eastern/10:00 AM Central. The series was later shown in reruns on the Sci Fi Channel in 1992 as part of Sci Fi Cartoon Quest. In India the series was broadcast on Star TV in 1994 - 1997. Music for the series was provided by Dean Elliott, recorded in England and conducted by Eric Rogers. As with the film and the live-action series, \"Return to the Planet of the", "title": "Return to the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813695", "text": "their child will bring about the domination of the human race by evolved apes leads to conflict. Jacobs' wife, Natalie Trundy, who appeared as a mutant in \"Beneath\" and would play the ape Lisa in the next two sequels, was cast as Dr. Stephanie Branton. Bradford Dillman played Dr. Lewis Dixon, Ricardo Montalbán played Armando, and Eric Braeden portrayed the villain, the president's science advisor Otto Hasslein. Compared to its predecessors, \"Escape\" dwelt more heavily on themes of racial conflict, which became a primary focus through the rest of the series. The film opened on May 21, 1971, less than", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813683", "text": "rights themes. The series has influenced subsequent films, media, and art, as well as popular culture and political discourse. The series began with French author Pierre Boulle's 1963 novel \"La Planète des singes\". Boulle wrote the novel in six months after the \"humanlike expressions\" of gorillas at the zoo inspired him to contemplate the relationship between man and ape. \"La Planète des singes\" was heavily influenced by 18th- and 19th-century fantastical travel narratives, especially Jonathan Swift's satirical \"Gulliver's Travels\". It is one of several of Boulle's works to use science fiction tropes and plot devices to comment on the failings", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813730", "text": "\"Apes\" merchandise may have inspired the campaigns that later became commonplace for films and television series. The action figures, sold by Mego beginning in 1973, were the first such toys sold as film tie-ins; they proved popular and inspired the rise of action figure series based on popular culture franchises. Eric Greene writes that \"Apes\" toys were popular enough to lead some contemporary children to engage in apes-vs.-humans role-playing make believe games that simulated the series' conflicts in a manner similar to \"Cowboys and Indians\". With the release of the 21st-century films, Fox licensed several companies to manufacture new \"Apes\"", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "3235960", "text": "Battle for the Planet of the Apes Battle for the Planet of the Apes is a 1973 science fiction film directed by J. Lee Thompson. It is the fifth and final entry in the original \"Planet of the Apes\" series, produced by Arthur P. Jacobs, following \"Conquest of the Planet of the Apes\". It stars Roddy McDowall, Claude Akins, Natalie Trundy, Severn Darden, Lew Ayres, Paul Williams and John Huston. The two sequels in the 2010s reboot series, \"Dawn of the Planet of the Apes\" and \"War for the Planet of the Apes\", have a similar premise to \"Battle\", but", "title": "Battle for the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12258589", "text": "named in the film. But for the 40th anniversary release of the Blu-ray edition of the film, in the short-film created for the release called \"A Public Service Announcement from ANSA\", the ship is called \"Liberty 1\". The ship had originally been called \"Immigrant One\" in an early draft of the script, and then called \"Air Force One\" in a test set of Topps Collectible cards, and dubbed \"Icarus\" by a fan; that name gained popularity among Ape fandom. \"Planet of the Apes\" was well received by critics and is widely regarded as a classic film and one of the", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" }, { "id": "12677625", "text": "hired Don Murphy and Jane Hamsher as producers. Sam Raimi and Oliver Stone were being considered as possible directors, though Stone signed on as executive producer/co-writer with a $1 million salary. On the storyline, Stone explained in December 1993, \"It has the discovery of cryogenically frozen Vedic Apes who hold the secret numeric codes to the Bible that foretold the end of civilizations. It deals with past versus the future. My concept is that there's a code inscribed in the Bible that predicts all historical events. The apes were there at the beginning and figured it all out.\" Stone brought", "title": "Planet of the Apes (2001 film)" }, { "id": "13813687", "text": "Zone\", to pen the screenplay. Serling's script changed elements of Boulle's novel, introducing Cold War themes; notably, he devised a new twist ending that revealed the planet to be a future Earth where humans had destroyed themselves through nuclear warfare. Production costs were estimated at over $10 million, a risk no studio in either Hollywood or Europe would assume. Jacobs and associate producer Mort Abrahams persevered, and eventually persuaded Charlton Heston to star; Heston in turn recommended director Franklin J. Schaffner. The team recorded a brief screen test featuring Heston, which ultimately convinced 20th Century Fox the film could succeed.", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "14548395", "text": "2017. On May 14, 2015, the title was given as \"War of the Planet of the Apes\", later re-titled to \"War for the Planet of the Apes\". Rise of the Planet of the Apes Rise of the Planet of the Apes is a 2011 American science fiction film directed by Rupert Wyatt and starring James Franco, Freida Pinto, John Lithgow, Brian Cox, Tom Felton, David Oyelowo, and Andy Serkis. Written by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver, it is 20th Century Fox's reboot of the \"Planet of the Apes\" series, intended to act as an origin story for a new series", "title": "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "1434269", "text": "Boulle published his other famous novel, \"La planète des singes\", translated in 1964 as \"Monkey Planet\" by Xan Fielding, and later re-issued as \"Planet of the Apes\". The book was highly praised and given such reviews as this example from England's \"Guardian\" newspaper: \"Classic science fiction ... full of suspense and satirical intelligence.\" In the year 2500, a group of astronauts, including journalist Ulysse Merou, voyage to a planet in the star system of Betelgeuse. They land to discover a bizarre world where intelligent apes are the Master Race and humans are reduced to savages: caged in zoos, used in", "title": "Pierre Boulle" }, { "id": "13813697", "text": "Dehn returned as the scriptwriter, and producer Jacobs hired J. Lee Thompson to direct. Thompson had worked with Jacobs on two earlier films as well as during the initial stages of \"Planet\", but scheduling conflicts had made him unavailable during its long development process. For \"Conquest\", Thompson and Dehn focused heavily on the racial conflict theme, an ancillary concern in the early films that became a central focus in \"Escape\". In particular, Dehn associated the apes with African-Americans and modeled the plot after the 1966 Watts Riots and other episodes from the Civil Rights Movement. Roddy McDowall signed on to", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "7204761", "text": "Planet of the Apes (comics) Planet of the Apes comics are tie-ins to the \"Planet of the Apes\" media franchise. They have been released by several publishers over the years and include tie-ins and spin-offs. There are two manga adaptations of the first film, both entitled Saru no Wakusei (lit. \"\"Planet of Monkeys\"\"). The first was written and drawn by Jôji Enami and published in the manga magazine \"Bessatsu Bôken'Ô\" in April 1968. The second was drawn by Minoru Kuroda and published in the manga \"Tengoku Zôkan\" in June 1971. \"Battle for the Planet of the Apes\" (最後の猿の惑星 - Saigo", "title": "Planet of the Apes (comics)" }, { "id": "13813698", "text": "play Caesar, the son of his previous character Cornelius. Ricardo Montalban returned as Armando, while Don Murray played Governor Breck, Severn Darden played Kolp, and Hari Rhodes played MacDonald. Following \"Escape\", \"Conquest\" is set in a near future where humans have turned apes into slaves; Caesar rises from bondage to lead an ape rebellion. The film opened on June 30, 1972. Reviews were mixed, but the ending left the series open to another sequel, and \"Conquest\" was successful enough at the box office that Fox commissioned another film. Fox approved \"Battle for the Planet of the Apes\" with a $1.2", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "13813728", "text": "of the Apes: The Forbidden Zone\". Malibu also published two one-shot comics, \"A Day on the Planet of the Apes\" and \"Planet of the Apes: Sins of the Fathers\", a prequel story to the original film; a trade paperback collecting the first four issues of the main series, titled \"Monkey Planet\"; and reissues of stories from Marvel's earlier \"Apes\" series. Gold Key Comics, Dark Horse Comics, and Boom! Studios have also produced \"Planet of the Apes\" comic books. The Boom! releases include crossovers with other properties: 2014's \"\" and 2017's King Kong story \"Kong on the Planet of the Apes.\"", "title": "Planet of the Apes" }, { "id": "12258590", "text": "best films of 1968, applauded for its imagination and its commentary on a possible world gone upside down. Pauline Kael called it \"one of the most entertaining science-fiction fantasies ever to come out of Hollywood.\" , the film held a 87% approval rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 54 reviews with an average rating of 7.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Planet of the Apes\" raises thought-provoking questions about our culture without letting social commentary get in the way of the drama and action.\" In 2008, the film was selected by \"Empire\" magazine as one of", "title": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film)" } ]

[ "68 men's", "64 women's" ]

[ { "id": "6513718", "text": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process The selection process for college basketball's NCAA Division I Men's and Women's Basketball Championships determines which teams (68 men's, 64 women's) will enter the tournaments (the centerpieces of the basketball championship frenzy known as \"March Madness\") and their seedings and matchups in the knockout bracket. Thirty-two teams gain automatic entry through winning their conference's championship. The remaining teams (36 men's, 32 women's) rely on the selection committee to award them an at-large bid in the tournament. The selection process primarily takes place on Selection Sunday and the days leading up to it. Selection Sunday is", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "20535943", "text": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams This is a list of qualifying teams for the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. A total of 68 teams enter the tournament. Thirty two of the teams earn automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The remaining 36 teams are granted at-large bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. All teams are seeded 1 to 16 within their regionals, while the Selection Committee seeds the entire field from 1 to 68. Seeds listed were seeds within the conference tournaments. Conference championship runners-up in bold were given at-large", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams" }, { "id": "6513746", "text": "women's tournament live on Selection Monday. The NCAA committee gathers to select and place 68 men's teams and 64 women's teams that secured or are deemed worthy of an invitation to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship and the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship basketball tournaments that take place in March and April. Selection Sunday is currently the Sunday before the third Thursday of March, when the first round games begin. Selection Monday is the next day. CBS has the official rights to cover the selection of the men's tournament field as they are the TV network which", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "20535944", "text": "berths. Automatic conference bids in bold 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams This is a list of qualifying teams for the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. A total of 68 teams enter the tournament. Thirty two of the teams earn automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The remaining 36 teams are granted at-large bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. All teams are seeded 1 to 16 within their regionals, while the Selection Committee seeds the entire field from 1 to 68. Seeds listed were seeds within the conference tournaments. Conference championship", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams" }, { "id": "20376620", "text": "selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee. Teams were divided into sixteen regionals of four teams, which conducted a double-elimination tournament. Regional champions competed in Super Regionals, a best-of-three-game series, to determine the eight participants in the College World Series. For the first time, the Tournament seeded the top 16 teams instead of pairing teams generally along geographical lines. 16 National Seeds were announced on the Selection Show Monday, May 28 at 12 p.m. EDT on ESPNU. The 16 national seeds host the Regionals. Teams in italics advanced to Super Regionals. Teams in bold advanced to College World", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament" }, { "id": "19952166", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams This is a list of qualifying teams for the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. A total of 68 teams enter the tournament. Thirty two of the teams earn automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The remaining 36 teams are granted at-large bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. All teams are seeded 1 to 16 within their regionals, while the Selection Committee seeds the entire field from 1 to 68. Seeds listed were seeds within the conference tournaments. Conference championship runners-up in bold face were given", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams" }, { "id": "6513721", "text": "may be invited to answer factual questions regarding his or her team or teams (e.g., status of player injuries). An athletic director may be present when other schools from his or her conference are discussed, but he or she may only speak if asked. 2017-18 chairman<br> 2017-18 vice-chairman<br> 2017-18 chairperson<br> The selection committee must first decide which teams will compete in the tournament. As of the 2016–17 season, thirty-two teams receive automatic bids to the tournament by winning their conference tournament. The selection committee only selects the teams (36 for men and 32 for women) who receive at-large bids. Though", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "2753181", "text": "league conducts their own postseason tournament. The remaining 36 tournament slots are granted to at-large bids, which are determined by the Selection Committee in a nationally televised event on the Sunday preceding the First Four play-in tournament and dubbed \"Selection Sunday\" by the media and fans, by a group primarily of conference commissioners and school athletic directors who are appointed into service by the NCAA. The committee also determines where all sixty-eight teams are seeded and placed in the bracket. The tournament is divided into four regions and each region has at least sixteen teams, but four additional teams are", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "3164144", "text": "Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), formerly known as Division I-AA, determines its national champion through a 24-team, single-elimination tournament. With the expansion of the tournament field in 2013 from 20 teams to 24, the champions of 11 conferences receive automatic bids, with 13 \"at-large\" spots; and the top 8 teams receive first-round byes. A team must have at least seven wins to be eligible for an at-large spot. The tournament traditionally begins on Thanksgiving weekend in late November, and during the era of the 16-team field ran for four weeks, ending with the championship game in mid-December. Since 2010,", "title": "NCAA Division I" }, { "id": "19952167", "text": "at-large berths. 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams This is a list of qualifying teams for the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. A total of 68 teams enter the tournament. Thirty two of the teams earn automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The remaining 36 teams are granted at-large bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. All teams are seeded 1 to 16 within their regionals, while the Selection Committee seeds the entire field from 1 to 68. Seeds listed were seeds within the conference tournaments. Conference championship runners-up in bold face", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams" }, { "id": "6513722", "text": "each conference receives only one automatic bid, the selection committee may select any number of at-large teams from each conference. The at-large teams generally come from college basketball's top conferences, including the ACC, The American, A-10, Big 12, Big East, Big Ten, Mountain West, Pac-12, and SEC. Many of these at-large teams, however, are \"on the bubble\", meaning that their chances of gaining a tournament berth are borderline, and they will not know if they have gained entry until the Selection Sunday bracket announcements. Through the 2018 men's tournament, and continuing to the present in the women's tournament, the RPI", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "20115949", "text": "conference's tournament. The remaining 36 bids are \"at-large\", with selections extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. Eight teams (the four lowest-seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams) will play in the First Four (the successor to what had been popularly known as \"play-in games\" through the 2010 tournament). The winners of these games advance to the main draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee will also seed the entire field from 1 to 68. The following are the sites selected to host each round of the 2019 tournament: First Four First and Second Rounds Regional Semifinals and Finals", "title": "2019 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "6513749", "text": "out what seed they received or if they made the tournament at all. Once the teams are announced, the teams and their fans begin to make game plan and travel preparations. Additionally, millions of college basketball fans begin to fill in their brackets, usually as part of March Madness pools conducted through websites, gambling-related contests, or simply through a group of family members, friends, or co-workers. Beginning in 2018, and every other year thereafter, Turner Sports (through TBS) will air the Selection Special. NCAA basketball tournament selection process The selection process for college basketball's NCAA Division I Men's and Women's", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "18433740", "text": "Eight teams (the four lowest-seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams) played in the First Four (the successor to what had been popularly known as \"play-in games\" through the 2010 tournament). The winners of these games advanced to the main draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 68. The following sites were selected to host each round of the 2018 tournament: First Four First and Second Rounds Regional Semifinals and Finals (Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight) National Semifinals and Championship (Final Four and Championship) For the fourth time, the Alamodome and", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "16423482", "text": "basis for the subregionals returned to the approach used between 1982 and 2002; the top sixteen teams, as chosen in the bracket selection process, hosted the first two rounds on campus. A total of 64 teams entered the 2017 tournament. 32 automatic bids teams were given to teams that won their conference tournament. The remaining 32 teams were granted \"at-large\" bids, which were extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. The Selection Committee also seeded the entire field from 1 to 64. The following teams automatically qualified for the 2017 NCAA field by virtue of winning their conference's tournament. <nowiki>*</nowiki> –", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "18411905", "text": "a one-game playoff (or series as was the case in the 2002 season) determined the automatic bid. On March 10, 2016, the Ivy League's council of presidents approved a four-team tournament where the top four teams in the regular season would play on March 11 and 12 at Philadelphia's Palestra. The remaining 36 teams received \"at-large\" bids which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. On January 24, 2016, the NCAA announced that the Selection Committee would, for the first time, unveil in-season rankings of the top four teams in each division on February 11, 2017. Eight teams—the four lowest-seeded", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "20008480", "text": "are allocated to the 21 conference tournament champions and to the regular season winners of the Ivy League, Pac-12 Conference, and West Coast Conference, which do not have tournaments. The remaining 24 berths are supposed to be determined through an at-large process based upon the Ratings Percentage Index (RPI) of teams that did not automatically qualify. The NCAA Selection Committee also names the top sixteen seeds for the tournament, with those teams receiving an automatic bye into the second round of the tournament. The remaining 32 teams play in a single-elimination match in the first round of the tournament for", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament" }, { "id": "19907135", "text": "top sixteen seeds for the tournament, with those teams receiving an automatic bye into the second round of the tournament. The remaining 32 teams play in a single-elimination match in the first round of the tournament for the right to play a seeded team in the second round. Of the 24 schools that had previously won the championship, 13 qualified for this year's tournament. Host Institution* Host Institution* Host Institution* Host Institution* 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament (also known as the 2017 College Cup) was the 59th annual single-elimination tournament", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament" }, { "id": "20116412", "text": "tournament. The remaining 36 bids are \"at-large\", with selections extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. Eight teams (the four lowest-seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams) will play in the First Four (the successor to what had been popularly known as \"play-in games\" through the 2010 tournament). The winners of these games advance to the main draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee will also seed the entire field from 1 to 68. The following are the sites selected to host each round of the 2020 tournament: First Four First and Second Rounds Regional Semifinals and Finals (Sweet", "title": "2020 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "20376619", "text": "2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday, June 1, 2018 as part of the 2018 NCAA Division I baseball season. The 64-team, double-elimination tournament concluded with the 2018 College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska, starting on June 16 and ended on June 28. Oregon State defeated Arkansas in the best-of-three final series to win the championship. The 64 participating NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 298 teams. Thirty-one teams will be awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences, and 33 teams will be", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament" }, { "id": "19453426", "text": "2018 NCAA Division I Women’s Basketball Championship were announced at 7 p.m. Eastern time, Monday, March 12 via ESPN. The basis for the subregionals returned to the approach used between 1982 and 2002; the top sixteen teams, as chosen in the bracket selection process, hosted the first two rounds on campus. A total of 64 teams entered the 2018 tournament. 32 automatic bids teams were given to teams that won their conference tournament. The remaining 32 teams were granted \"at-large\" bids, which were extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. The Selection Committee also seeded the entire field from 1 to", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "6513720", "text": "the men’s committee (including Judy Rose, Lynn Hickey, and current member Janet Cone), and men have been serving on the women’s committee (including Richard Ensor and current member Jeff Konya). The tournament selection is only part of the committee members' duties; the panels meet year-round (in-person or through conference calls) to discuss the tournament and its administration, evaluate teams, assign tournament game officials, and determine future tournament sites. To avoid potential conflicts of interest, committee members must leave the room when his or her own school is being discussed (or schools in the case of the conference commissioners). The member", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "2753175", "text": "tournament teams include champions from 32 Division I conferences (which receive automatic bids), and 36 teams which are awarded at-large berths. These \"at-large\" teams are chosen by an NCAA selection committee, then announced in a nationally televised event on the Sunday preceding the \"First Four\" play-in games, currently held in Dayton, Ohio, and dubbed \"Selection Sunday\". The 68 teams are divided into four regions and organized into a single-elimination \"bracket\", which pre-determines, when a team wins a game, which team it will face next. Each team is \"seeded\", or ranked, within its region from 1 to 16. After the First", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "18433747", "text": "well as initially unveiling the 68-team field in alphabetical order (beginning with automatic qualifiers, followed by the at-large teams) rather than unveiling the matchups region-by-region (which was criticized for having less suspense than the traditional format). Westwood One had exclusive radio rights to the entire tournament. Live video of games was available for streaming through the following means: Live audio of games was available for streaming through the following means: 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was a 68-team single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "6513719", "text": "also when the men's brackets and seeds are released to the public. The women's championship brackets and seeds are announced one day later, on Selection Monday. The ten-member basketball selection committee is made up of athletic directors and conference commissioners throughout Division I men's and women's athletics with separate committees for the men's and women's tournaments. The committees, whose members serve five-year terms, are chosen to ensure that conferences from around the country are represented. Historically the men's selection committee consisted of all men, and the women's selection committee consisted of all women. However, recently women have been serving on", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "18433743", "text": "served as a first weekend venue for the 2018 tournament. Four teams, out of 351 in Division I, were ineligible to participate in the 2018 tournament due to failing to meet APR requirements: Alabama A&M, Grambling State, Savannah State, and Southeast Missouri State. However, the NCAA granted the Savannah State Tigers a waiver which would have allowed the team to participate in the tournament, but the team failed to qualify. The following 32 teams were automatic qualifiers for the 2018 NCAA field by virtue of winning their conference's automatic bid. The tournament seeds were determined through the NCAA basketball tournament", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "6513745", "text": "no action was taken. For 2011, the region names were slightly adjusted based on the locations of the regionals. The Midwest and South regions were replaced with the Southeast and Southwest regions, held in New Orleans and San Antonio respectively (sites that were determined when the NCAA was using city names as regional names). The regions reverted to the previous ones in 2012. Selection Sunday is the day when the NCAA College basketball tournament participants are selected, placed, seeded accordingly, and announced. Both CBS and ESPN cover the selections for the men's tournament live; ESPN also covers selections for the", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "2753174", "text": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of The Ohio State University coach Harold Olsen. Played mostly during March, it has become one of the most famous annual sporting events in the United States. The", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "19896893", "text": "2017 National Invitation Tournament The 2017 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 NCAA Division I Teams that were not selected to participate in the 2017 NCAA Tournament. The annual tournament was played on campus sites in the first three rounds (the host team being the team with the higher seeding), with the semifinals and championship game being held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The tournament began on Tuesday, March 14 and ended on Thursday, March 30. The NIT Selection Show aired Sunday March 12 on ESPNU. In February 2017, the NCAA approved a number", "title": "2017 National Invitation Tournament" }, { "id": "6513723", "text": "rating is often considered a factor in selecting and seeding the final few teams in the tournament field. However, the NCAA selection committee in 2015 said the RPI is only utilized for grouping the teams into groups such as top 50 and top 100 teams, to value the wins and losses, and not as a factor for selection. Additionally, the committee officially considers predictive computer rankings, such as ESPN's BPI, Sagarin, and Pomeroy Ratings, which use additional factors considered by the committee, such as injured players in the case of the BPI. Additionally, committee members consider how teams do on", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "6513730", "text": "until after all the games are played and the brackets are established, the committee may have a good idea of where a team is and where they could rise or fall to depending on their showing in the later stages of their conference tournament. The women's tournament has the luxury of an extra day from the end of the games on Sunday to prepare its bracket announcements on Monday. The selection committee uses a number of factors to place teams on the S-curve, including record, strength of schedule, and the NET in the Division I men's tournament and the RPI", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "20604612", "text": "43 teams were automatic qualifiers for the 2018 NCAA field by virtue of winning their conference's automatic bid. The following 21 teams were awarded qualification for the 2018 NCAA field by the NCAA Division III Men's Basketball Committee. The committee evaluated teams on the basis of their win-loss percentage, strength of schedule, head-to-head results, results against common opponents, and results against teams included in the NCAA's final regional rankings. 2018 NCAA Division III Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division III Men's Basketball Tournament was the 44th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division III", "title": "2018 NCAA Division III Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "18411906", "text": "automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams—played in the First Four (the successor to what had been known as \"play-in games\" through the 2010 tournament). The winners of these games advanced to the main draw of the tournament. The Selection Committee also seeded the entire field from 1 to 68. The committee's selections resulted in two historic milestones. The Northwestern Wildcats of the Big Ten Conference made their first-ever NCAA Tournament in school history, officially becoming the last \"power conference\" school to make the tournament. (This fact is ironic considering that Northwestern hosted the first-ever NCAA Tournament in 1939).", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "2854867", "text": "NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth. Among the most successful programs, Saint Louis won 10 titles during dynasty years between 1959 and 1973. Indiana has won 8 titles beginning in", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament" }, { "id": "2753271", "text": "to become the first ever #15 seed to advance to the Sweet Sixteen. The term was popularized as a result of City College of New York's successful run in the 1950 tournament. NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament, also known and branded as NCAA March Madness, is a single-elimination tournament played each spring in the United States, currently featuring 68 college basketball teams from the Division I level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), to determine the national championship. The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches,", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "18433744", "text": "selection process. The seeds and regions were determined as follows: <nowiki>*</nowiki>See First Four The 2018 tournament was the first time since the 1978 tournament that none of the six Division I college basketball-playing schools based in the Washington, DC metropolitan area – American, Georgetown, George Mason, George Washington, Howard, and Maryland – made the NCAA Tournament. All times are listed as Eastern Daylight Time ()<br> <nowiki>*</nowiki> – Denotes overtime period During the Final Four round, regardless of the seeds of the participating teams, the champion of the top overall top seed's region (Virginia's South Region) plays against the champion of", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "6513729", "text": "being Charlie Creme's weekly projections on ESPN.com. The selection committee's work to seed the teams is just as vital as their work to select the at-large teams. While the selection process starts before the seeding process, the two often overlap. Some conference tournaments do not finish until Selection Sunday itself, and there is only one hour between the end of the last game (usually the Big Ten Tournament championship game) and when the brackets are officially unveiled, so the committee cannot wait until after all the games are played to start determining the seeds. While nothing is set in stone", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "20376624", "text": "\"College World Series Championship Series\" 2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday, June 1, 2018 as part of the 2018 NCAA Division I baseball season. The 64-team, double-elimination tournament concluded with the 2018 College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska, starting on June 16 and ended on June 28. Oregon State defeated Arkansas in the best-of-three final series to win the championship. The 64 participating NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 298 teams. Thirty-one teams will be awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences,", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament" }, { "id": "18433738", "text": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament was a 68-team single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2017–18 season. The 80th edition of the tournament began on March 13, 2018, and concluded with the championship game on April 2 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. During the first round, UMBC became the first 16-seed to defeat a 1-seed in the men's tournament by defeating Virginia 74–54. For the first time in tournament history, none of the four top seeded", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "20609116", "text": "lists that include All-American selections from the Associated Press (AP), the United States Basketball Writers Association (USBWA), the \"Sporting News\" (TSN), and the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) for the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. All selectors choose at least a first and second 5-man team. The NABC, TSN and AP choose third teams, while AP also lists honorable mention selections. The Consensus 2018 College Basketball All-American team is determined by aggregating the results of the four major All-American teams as determined by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Since United Press International was replaced by TSN", "title": "2018 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans" }, { "id": "6513743", "text": "a record eleven teams in the 2011 Tournament and nine teams in the 2012 Tournament. Although the Big East split into two leagues in 2013, the issue of conferences placing more than eight teams in the tournament remained, due to several other leagues expanding in the early 2010s (notably the ACC to 15, and the Big Ten and SEC to 14 each). The committee may move a team up or down one seed from its seed line in the S-curve in order to preserve other principles. While this may be seen as unfair in some instances, the seeding process is", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "8011669", "text": "lose a total of four games and still be crowned champions. During team selection, sixteen teams are given \"national seeds\". The top eight of these teams automatically host a super regional if they advance past the regional round, assuming they have the facilities to do so. Only 2 times has a national seed not hosted due to lack of proper facilities. As in other NCAA tournaments, conference champions (usually determined by a tournament) receive automatic bids, and the selection committee fills the remaining spots. The first tier, called Regionals, consists of 16 locations that include four teams, seeded 1 through", "title": "NCAA Division I Baseball Championship" }, { "id": "6513741", "text": "on merit, those games were not covered by the NCAA's ban on holding its own championship events in that state (which has since been lifted). Teams are spread out according to conference. The first three teams within the top 4 seeded lines selected from each conference must be placed in different regions (with a slight exception in 2014, when 11th seed play-in team Tennessee was placed in the Midwest Region with conference foe 8th seed Kentucky). When a conference has more than three teams in the tournament, the committee tries to seed the teams so that they cannot meet until", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "6513731", "text": "in all other championship tournaments. Relative subjective comparison of individual teams close on the S-Curve are also considered. Though the brackets only feature the seed numbers 1-16 in each region, the committee assembles an S-curve of teams seeded from 1 through 68. In theory, the teams 1-4 on the seed list will all be #1 seeds (the #1 \"seed line\"), 5-8 will be #2 seeds (the #2 seed line), and so on; however, bracketing rules often lead to some deviation from this. The S-curve is most important for keeping each region balanced, the ideal being that each region will be", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "19814148", "text": "2017 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament The 2017 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on June 1, 2017 as part of the 2017 NCAA Division I baseball season. The 64-team, double-elimination tournament concluded with the 2017 College World Series (CWS) in Omaha, Nebraska. The CWS started on June 17 and ended on June 27. The 64 participating NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 299 teams. Thirty-one teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences, and 33 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee. Teams were divided into", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament" }, { "id": "20220851", "text": "2018 National Invitation Tournament The 2018 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 NCAA Division I college men's basketball teams that were not selected to participate in the 2018 NCAA Tournament. The first three rounds of the annual tournament were played on campus sites (the host team being the higher seeded team). The semifinals and championship game were held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. In February 2018, the NCAA approved a number of experimental rule changes for use in this tournament: The following teams were guaranteed berths into the 2018 NIT field by having the", "title": "2018 National Invitation Tournament" }, { "id": "18694112", "text": "win the program's 2nd NCAA title. The tournament is composed of four groups of four teams in regional brackets. The four regionals are officially named after their geographic areas. The following are the sites for the 2018 regionals: The winner of each regional will advance to the Frozen Four: The at-large bids and seeding for each team in the tournament were announced on March 18. The Big Ten had four teams receive a berth in the tournament, the NCHC, Hockey East, and ECAC Hockey each had three teams receive a berth, the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) had two teams", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament" }, { "id": "2854869", "text": "their conference championship, which determines the school who receives the automatic bid. Many use conference tournaments, although three conferences award the championship and automatic bid to the regular season champion. The remaining 24 teams have received at-large bids. The at-large teams are selected by a committee consisting of representatives from each of the eight regions the NCAA has divided the country into. The committee uses a number of criteria, the most influential supposedly being the Ratings Percentage Index, a mathematical formula designed to objectively compare the results and strength of schedule of all Division I teams. The top 16 teams", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament" }, { "id": "19907134", "text": "golden goal overtime, 1–0, to claim the 2017 championship. As in previous editions of the NCAA Division I Tournament, the tournament features 48 participants out of a possible field of 203 teams. Of the 48 berths, 24 are allocated to the 21 conference tournament champions and to the regular season winners of the Ivy League, Pac-12 Conference, and West Coast Conference, which do not have tournaments. The remaining 24 berths are supposed to be determined through an at-large process based upon the Ratings Percentage Index (RPI) of teams that did not automatically qualify. The NCAA Selection Committee also names the", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament" }, { "id": "6513728", "text": "made by various people and organizations. Speculations and buzz can come from anywhere from random college basketball fans to senior bracketologists and experts on the selection process and the seedings, such as ESPN's Joe Lunardi. Other well-known experts in this field include Ken Pomeroy of kenpom.com, Jerry Palm of CBSSports.com, Gary Parrish of CBSSports.com, and Dean Oliver of ESPN's BPI. The ESPN's BPI also considers injured key players, which is also considered by the NCAA selection committee. Bracketology is conducted extensively for the men's tournament, although a few bracketologists also make projected brackets for the women's tournament, the most prominent", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "6513732", "text": "equally strong. For example, the committee will try to ensure that the number 1 team on the seed list, the national #1 seed, will be in the same region as the weakest #2 seed. The committee tries to ensure that the top four seeds in each region are comparable to the top four teams in every other region. For example, if one region has the best #1 seed (#1 overall), the weakest #2 seed (#8 overall), the best #3 seed (#9 overall), and the weakest #4 seed (#16 overall), its seeds add up to 34, the ideal number. But if", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "20010112", "text": "in the same season. The match was televised on live on ESPN2. The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth. It was Indiana's first appearance since 2012, which they won. Stanford entered the final as the two-defending champion,", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game" }, { "id": "2753179", "text": "when the tournament expanded to 64 teams, Duke has won five championships; North Carolina and Connecticut have each won four; Kentucky & Villanova have three; Kansas & Florida have two; and UCLA, Indiana, Michigan State, and Louisville have one. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, and Florida all won their first championships. The NCAA has changed the tournament format several times since its inception, most often representing an increase of the number of teams. This section describes the tournament as it has operated since 2011. A total of 68 teams qualify for the tournament", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "8011668", "text": "NCAA Division I Baseball Championship The NCAA Division I Baseball Championship is held each year from May through June and features 64 college baseball teams in the United States, culminating in the eight-team College World Series at TD Ameritrade Park Omaha in Omaha, Nebraska. Oregon State is the 2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament champion, defeating runner-up Arkansas 5-0 in Game 3 to win the 2018 College World Series championship finals. The tournament is unique in that it features four tiers of competition, alternating between double-elimination brackets and best-of-three series. In fact, throughout the entire 64-team tournament, a team can", "title": "NCAA Division I Baseball Championship" }, { "id": "20116411", "text": "2020 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2020 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament will be a 68-team single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2019–20 season. The 82nd edition of the Tournament is scheduled to begin on March 17, 2020 and will conclude with the championship game on April 6 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia. Pending any changes to the current format, a total of 68 teams will enter the 2020 tournament. 32 automatic bids shall be awarded to each program that wins their conference's", "title": "2020 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "2753185", "text": "seeding depends on (among other factors) the rankings of the eight teams that the committee selects for the \"First Four\" opening round (see the next paragraph and the \"First Four\" section below). The selection committee is also instructed to place teams so that whenever possible, teams from the same conference cannot meet until the regional finals. Additionally, it is also instructed to avoid any possible rematches of regular-season or previous year's tournament games during the First and Second rounds. Further restrictions are listed in the Venues section below. To comply with these other requirements, the selection committee may move one", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "8011670", "text": "4, competing in a double-elimination bracket. The 16 host sites are determined mostly by merit – most No. 1 seeds host – but are also contested by bids from schools guaranteeing the NCAA a certain amount of revenue from that regional. Host teams traditionally have a large advantage, although the home team for each game is determined by rule, so the host school sometimes plays as the visiting team. The winner of each regional moves on to the second tier, the Super Regionals. Super Regionals are played at eight locations throughout the country and consist of the 16 surviving teams,", "title": "NCAA Division I Baseball Championship" }, { "id": "18433739", "text": "teams in a single region (the South) advanced to the Sweet 16. Also, the tournament featured the first regional final matchup of a 9-seed (Kansas State) and an 11-seed (Loyola-Chicago). Villanova, Michigan, Kansas, and Loyola-Chicago, the “Cinderella team” of the tournament, reached the Final Four. Villanova defeated Michigan in the championship game, 79–62. Atlantic Sun Conference champion Lipscomb made its NCAA tournament debut. A total of 68 teams entered the 2018 tournament. 32 automatic bids were awarded, one to each program that won their conference tournament. The remaining 36 bids were \"at-large\", with selections extended by the NCAA Selection Committee.", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "20115948", "text": "2019 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2019 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament will be a 68-team single-elimination tournament to determine the men's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college basketball national champion for the 2018–19 season. The 81st edition of the Tournament is scheduled to begin on March 19, 2019 and will conclude with the championship game on April 8 at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Pending any changes to the current format, a total of 68 teams will enter the 2019 tournament. 32 automatic bids shall be awarded to each program that wins their", "title": "2019 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "20604593", "text": "automatic bids (awarded to the champions of the twenty-two Division II conferences) and 40 at-large bids. The sixty-four bids are allocated evenly among the eight NCAA-designated regions (Atlantic, Central, East, Midwest, South, South Central, Southeast, and West), each of which contains three of the twenty-four Division II conferences that sponsor men's basketball. Each region consists of three automatic qualifiers (the teams who won their respective conference tournaments) and five at-large bids (which are awarded regardless of conference affiliation). Five teams qualified for their first NCAA Division II tournament in 2018: Ohio Dominican, Point Loma Nazarene, Saint Martin's, Southern Nazarene, and", "title": "2018 NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "13822776", "text": "bids, which were extended by the NCAA Selection Committee on March 11. Eight teams—the four lowest-seeded automatic qualifiers and the four lowest-seeded at-large teams—will play in the First Four (the successor to what had been popularly known as \"play-in games\" through the 2010 tournament). The winners of these games will advance to the main draw of the tournament. For the first time ever, the Selection Committee publicly disclosed the overall rankings for each team, which are listed below. The following are the sites selected to host each round of the 2012 tournament: The Final Four returned to the Superdome for", "title": "2012 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "18411911", "text": "from the South Carolina State House grounds in July 2015 and the NCAA implemented a policy of not hosting championship games in the state in response to the display in 2002. Eight teams, out of 351 in Division I, were ineligible to participate in the 2017 tournament due to failing to meet APR requirements, self-imposed postseason bans, or reclassification from a lower division. Hawaii had previously been banned from entering the tournament as a penalty for infractions, but the NCAA later reversed its ban. The following 32 teams were automatic qualifiers for the 2017 NCAA field by virtue of winning", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "17411022", "text": "has determined the collegiate national champion since the inaugural 1948 NCAA Men's Division I Ice Hockey Tournament. The tournament features 16 teams representing all six Division I conferences in the nation. The Championship Committee seeds the entire field from 1 to 16 within four regionals of 4 teams. The winners of the six Division I conference championships receive automatic bids to participate in the NCAA Championship. The tournament begins with initial games played at four regional sites culminating with the semi-finals and finals played at a single site. In setting up the tournament, the Championship Committee seeks to ensure \"competitive", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament" }, { "id": "8011679", "text": "championship game. This allowed the NCAA to institute the best-of-three series for the finals, which better mimics the traditional three-game series played during the regular season and makes a pitching staff's depth a key factor. ESPN and ESPN2 now cover the entire CWS. After 61 years at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium, the College World Series moved to the new TD Ameritrade Park in 2011. For the first time, the 2018 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament will seed the top 16 teams, rather than only the top 8 teams as has been the practice since 1999. This will ensure that the regional", "title": "NCAA Division I Baseball Championship" }, { "id": "19896895", "text": "exclusive television rights. Games were telecast on ESPN, ESPN2, ESPNU, or ESPN3. Westwood One had exclusive radio rights to the semifinals and the championship. 2017 National Invitation Tournament The 2017 National Invitation Tournament was a single-elimination tournament of 32 NCAA Division I Teams that were not selected to participate in the 2017 NCAA Tournament. The annual tournament was played on campus sites in the first three rounds (the host team being the team with the higher seeding), with the semifinals and championship game being held at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The tournament began on Tuesday, March 14", "title": "2017 National Invitation Tournament" }, { "id": "2753184", "text": "the teams amongst the regions. The top four teams will be distributed among the four regions, and each will receive a No. 1 seed \"within that region\". The next four ranked teams will then be distributed among the four regions, each receiving a No. 2 seed in their region, and the process continues down the line, with some exceptions (as is explained below). Carried to its logical conclusion, this would give each region seventeen teams—seeded from No. 1 to No. 17—but, each region has only sixteen teams (from No. 1 to No. 16). As can be seen below, the actual", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "6513747", "text": "covers the vast majority of the tournament. (CBS held exclusive TV rights to the men's tournament from 1991 to 2010, and have shared rights with Turner Sports since 2011.) For this reason, CBS announces each bracket first, with ESPN passing on the brackets to its viewers seconds later. Both networks' coverage is augmented by discussion of the selections and predictions about how teams will fare once the tournament begins. ESPN has exclusive rights to cover the women's tournament selection announcements, as that network has sole rights to the women's tournament. Before 2006, the women's matchups were made in a selection", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "13187536", "text": "South Central, Southeast, and West). At least two and as many as six teams from each region are selected with no automatic qualifiers given. The selection criteria used is similar to that used in Division I, although one difference is that the RPI is replaced with the Quality of Winning Percentage Index, a more subjective measure. In 2016, the tournament field consisted of a 38-team, single-elimination tournament. The first two rounds are played on campus sites with the highest seed usually hosting the regional semis and finals. The winners of each region meet in the third round and/or quarterfinals, with", "title": "NCAA Division II Men's Soccer Championship" }, { "id": "20035479", "text": "in each tournament, with tiebreakers used as needed in the case of ties for the top seeding. The winners of these tournaments receive automatic invitations to the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. For this list, an \"upset\" is defined as a win by a team seeded 7 or more spots below its defeated opponent. After the NCAA Tournament field was announced, the NCAA invited 32 teams to participate in the National Invitation Tournament. The tournament began on March 13, 2018 with all games prior to the semifinals being played at campus sites. Played at Madison Square Garden in", "title": "2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season" }, { "id": "2753193", "text": "is played on Monday. As is noted above, which regional champion will play which, and in which semifinal they play, is determined by the overall rankings of the four No. 1 seeds in the original bracket, not on the ranks of the eventual Final Four teams themselves. <nowiki>*</nowiki> 2013 title vacated by NCAA. Mid-major teams—which are defined, as of 2018, as teams from the America East Conference (America East), Atlantic Sun Conference (ASUN), Big Sky Conference (Big Sky), Big South Conference (Big South), Big West Conference (Big West), Colonial Athletic Conference (CAA), Conference USA (C-USA), Horizon League (Horizon), Ivy League", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "6513734", "text": "is identical for the women's tournament, with the exception that seeding occurs to 64. Once the S-curve is established, the committee must place the teams throughout the four regions. They were originally referred to as East, Mideast, Midwest, and West. In 1985, the Mideast designation became the Southeast, and later the South Regional in 1998. The women's tournament continued to use the Mideast terminology through 2004. In 2004, the NCAA started to identify the men's regions only by the city in which the regional semifinals and finals were played, with the same change being made for the women's tournament in", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "20034919", "text": "the 2018 tournament. It was also announced that the semifinals and championship would be televised on CBS Sports Network through the 2021 tournament. All 10 CAA teams participated in the tournament. Teams were seeded by conference record, with a tiebreaker system used to seed teams with identical conference records. The top six teams received a bye to the quarterfinals. <nowiki>*</nowiki> denotes overtime game 2018 CAA Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 Colonial Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Colonial Athletic Association for the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The tournament was held", "title": "2018 CAA Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "20950886", "text": "Tournament. A late season resurgence by both programs allowed both to reach the NCAA final. The three-time defending champions, Stanford, were eliminated in the quarterfinals by Akron. The match was broadcast on ESPN2. The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament, sometimes known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate soccer tournament conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and determines the Division I men's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1959, when it was an eight-team tournament. Since then, the tournament has expanded to 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship Game" }, { "id": "20034831", "text": "lists that include All-American selections from the Associated Press (AP), the United States Basketball Writers Association (USBWA), the \"Sporting News\" (TSN), and the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) for the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. All selectors choose at least a first and second 5-man team. The NABC, TSN and AP choose third teams, while AP also lists honorable mention selections. The Consensus 2017 College Basketball All-American team is determined by aggregating the results of the four major All-American teams as determined by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Since United Press International was replaced by TSN", "title": "2017 NCAA Men's Basketball All-Americans" }, { "id": "20944333", "text": "named the Offensive Most Valuable Player of the tournament, while SMU's Grant Makela was named the Defensive Most Valuable Player of the tournament. As champions, SMU earned the conference's automatic bid into the 2018 NCAA Tournament. In addition to SMU, regular season champions and tournament runners-up, UCF earned an at-large bid, as well as Connecticut. In the NCAA Tournament, SMU was eliminated in the first round by Oregon State. Connecticut beat Rhode Island in the first round before losing to Indiana in the second round. UCF was seeded 14th in NCAA Tournament, and earned a second round bye. There, UCF", "title": "2018 American Athletic Conference Men's Soccer Tournament" }, { "id": "17406559", "text": "NCAA Division III Baseball Tournament The NCAA Division III Baseball Tournament is an annual college baseball tournament held at the culmination of the spring regular season to determine the NCAA Division III baseball champion. The tournament has been played since 1976, soon after the formation of Division III. Most of the 56 teams who qualify do so by winning an automatic bid that comes along with their conference's championship; others receive at-large bids. The initial round consists of six- and eight-team regionals held at pre-selected sites in eight regions: New England, New York, Mid-Atlantic, South, Mideast, Midwest, Central, and West.", "title": "NCAA Division III Baseball Tournament" }, { "id": "6513742", "text": "the regional final. Before 2006, this was an absolute rule. However, in the summer of 2005, the NCAA changed its rules to allow intraconference matchups as early as the second round of the tournament, assuming that all measures to keep the teams apart until the regional finals have been exhausted. The NCAA was preparing for the chance that a conference would place more than eight teams in the tournament, which became a realistic possibility when the Big East, already a power conference, expanded to 16 members, with several of the new members having traditionally strong programs. The Big East placed", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "20604611", "text": "2018 NCAA Division III Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division III Men's Basketball Tournament was the 44th annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division III college basketball in the United States. Featuring sixty-four teams, it began on March 2, 2018, following the 2017–18 season, and concluded with the championship game on March 17, 2018. Once again, the national semifinal and championship rounds were held at the Salem Civic Center in Salem, Virginia. Nebraska Wesleyan defeated Wisconsin–Oshkosh in the final, 78–72, to win their first national title. Cooper Cook was voted the MVP. The following", "title": "2018 NCAA Division III Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "20292454", "text": "2018 American Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 American Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Tournament ended the 2017–18 season of the American Athletic Conference. It was held from March 8 through March 11, 2018 at the Amway Center in Orlando, Florida. Regular-season champion Cincinnati won the tournament and with it the league's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. All 12 conference teams participated in the conference tournament. The top four teams received a bye into the quarterfinals. Teams were seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. Tiebreakers: win/loss record, head-to-head", "title": "2018 American Athletic Conference Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "10077607", "text": "nation at their respective positions. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) uses officially recognized All-America selectors to determine the consensus selections. Over time, the sources used to determine the consensus selections have varied. Currently, the NCAA uses four \"major\" selectors to determine consensus All-Americans: the Associated Press, The National Association of Basketball Coaches, the United States Basketball Writers Association and \"Sporting News\" magazine. Since 1984, the NCAA has applied a standardized point system to those teams designated as \"major\" All-American teams to determine consensus teams. The point system consists of three points for first team, two points for second team", "title": "Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball" }, { "id": "20479127", "text": "\"The Sporting News\" (\"TSN\"), \"Sports Illustrated\" (\"SI\"), \"USA Today\" (USAT) ESPN, CBS Sports (CBS), \"College Football News\" (\"CFN\"), Scout.com, Athlon Sports, and Fox Sports (FOX). Currently, the NCAA compiles consensus all-America teams in the sports of Division I-FBS football and Division I men's basketball using a point system computed from All-America teams named by coaches associations or media sources. Players are chosen against other players playing at their position only. To be selected a consensus All-American, players must be chosen to the first team on at least two of the five official selectors as recognized by the NCAA. Second- and", "title": "2017 College Football All-America Team" }, { "id": "4328428", "text": "conferences that fulfill the criteria to be granted an automatic qualifier are the Division I Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference, Northeast Conference, Southland Bowling League, and Southwestern Athletic Conference, plus the Division II Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association and East Coast Conference. Effective with the 2019 championship, the Division III Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference will also meet the criteria to receive an automatic bid. The ten participants will be ranked and seeded based on the criteria used by the selection committee. The top six seeds will automatically enter the championship bracket. The four low seed teams will play in on-campus opening round matches", "title": "NCAA Bowling Championship" }, { "id": "6513727", "text": "top seeds in the National Invitation Tournament. During the 2018 offseason, the NCAA announced that the RPI would no longer he used in the selection process for the Division I men's tournament. The RPI has been replaced by the NCAA Evaluation Tool (NET), a new metric that includes the following metrics: The NET was adopted only for men's basketball. All other sports that use selection committees to determine NCAA tournament entries, including the Division I women's basketball tournament, continue to use their own versions of the RPI. While the selection committee assembles to do the official work, many predictions are", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "19655335", "text": "2009 Akron Zips. All Division I men's soccer programs except for Grand Canyon, Incarnate Word, and UMass Lowell will be eligible to qualify for the tournament. Those three programs are ineligible because they are in transition from Division II to Division I. The tournament field remains fixed at 48 teams. Of the 24 schools that had previously won the championship, 13 qualified for this year's tournament. As in previous editions of the NCAA Division I Tournament, the tournament features 48 participants out of a possible field of 203 teams. Of the 48 berths, 24 are allocated to the 21 conference", "title": "2016 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament" }, { "id": "6513733", "text": "a region has the best team for every given seed, its seeds would add up to 28, and a region with the weakest team in every seed would add up to 40, making the two regions very unbalanced. It is extremely unusual that an at-large bid can be lower than a #12 seed, but it has occurred, most recently with BYU and Iona being #14 seeds in the 2012 Tournament. While the seeds are almost never perfectly balanced throughout the four regions, the committee strives to ensure that they differ from each other by only a few points. The process", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "20830602", "text": "there were 12 conference champions, a minimum of four at-large invitations could have been granted to play in the 2018 tournament. Based on the Week 10 (final regular season) Coaches' Poll, the following teams (11 champions and 5 at-large teams) made up the 2018 playoff field: After the tournament participants were determined, the top 8 seeds were granted first round home games. Opponents were determined based on the oft-used tournament protocol that pairs highest seeds with lowest seeds: #1 vs. the lowest seeded entry, usually #16), #2 vs. the second-lowest seeded entry, usually #15), #3 vs. the third-lowest seeded entry,", "title": "2018 NAIA football rankings" }, { "id": "2854868", "text": "1982, whereas Virginia has won 7 titles beginning in 1989. While the tournament is frequently referenced as the College Cup, the NCAA applies the title only to the semifinal and championship rounds of the tournament proper. Since the tournament began, the semifinal and final fixtures have been held at a neutral site predetermined by the NCAA prior to the start of the regular season. The NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament is a 48-team, single-elimination tournament. In 2016, 24 spots will be reserved for the winners of automatic bids. Conferences granted automatic qualification are: Each conference determines the format for", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament" }, { "id": "2753177", "text": "Four\" round. The Final Four is usually played during the first weekend of April. These four teams, one from each region (East, South, Midwest, and West), compete in a preselected location for the national championship. The tournament has been at least partially televised since 1969. Currently, the games are broadcast by CBS, TBS, TNT, and truTV under the trade-name \"NCAA March Madness\". Since 2011, all games are available for viewing nationwide and internationally. As television coverage has grown, so too has the tournament's popularity. Currently, millions of Americans fill out a bracket, attempting to correctly predict the outcome of 63", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "19341449", "text": "2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams This is a list of qualifying teams for the 2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. A total of 68 teams entered the tournament. Thirty one of the teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The automatic bid of the Ivy League, which does not conduct a post-season tournament, went to its regular season champion. The remaining 36 teams were granted at-large bids, which were extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. The Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 68, and seeded teams 1 to 16 within", "title": "2016 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament: qualifying teams" }, { "id": "2753202", "text": "its format many times over the years, many of which are listed below. The NCAA tournament has expanded a number of times throughout its history. After the conclusion of the 2010 tournament, there was speculation about increasing the tournament size to as many as 128 teams. On April 1, 2010, the NCAA announced that it was looking at expanding to 96 teams for 2011. On April 22, the NCAA announced a new television contract with CBS/Turner that expanded the field to 68 teams. From 2011 to 2015, the round of 64 was deemed to be the second round; beginning in", "title": "NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "6513736", "text": "before the 2002 tournament to minimize travel for as many teams as possible, especially in the early rounds. Any team may be sent to any region and any pod, although the tournament does try to keep teams, especially the top-seeded teams, closer to home. However, in 2004, Pittsburgh played its first two tournament games in Milwaukee and not in Buffalo or Columbus, cities to which it was closer. This was done to keep a lower-seeded team, the Wisconsin Badgers, close to its campus. Similarly, two east-coast teams, Maryland and Syracuse, traveled to Denver, where their opening round opponents were BYU", "title": "NCAA basketball tournament selection process" }, { "id": "4162132", "text": "\"The Final Four of Everything\", which was published by Simon & Schuster in May 2009. Bracketology Bracketology is the process of predicting the field of college basketball participants in the NCAA Basketball Tournament, named as such because it is commonly used to fill in tournament brackets for the postseason. It incorporates some method of predicting what the NCAA Selection Committee will use as its Ratings Percentage Index in order to determine at-large (non-conference winning) teams to complete the field of 68 teams, and, to seed the field by ranking all teams from first through sixty-eighth. Bracketology also encompasses the process", "title": "Bracketology" }, { "id": "20426179", "text": "2017 American Athletic Conference Men's Soccer Tournament The 2017 American Athletic Conference Men's Soccer Tournament was the 5th edition of the American Athletic Conference Men's Soccer Tournament. The tournament decides the American Athletic Conference champion and guaranteed representative into the 2017 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championship. The tournament was played at Westcott Field on the campus of SMU in Dallas on November 10 and 12. The teams are seeded based on their performance in the conference's round-robin regular season. The top four teams qualify for the event. The semifinals were streamed live on the American Digital Network. The final", "title": "2017 American Athletic Conference Men's Soccer Tournament" }, { "id": "17091085", "text": "time and coming to a consensus on how they should be ranked, then repeating the process with the next tier of teams. Discussion and debate happens at each voting step. All votes are by secret ballot, and committee members do not make their ballots public. Each week's ranking process begins anew, with no weight given to the previous week's selections. In this fashion, the committee selects the four teams to compete for the national championship. Committee members who are currently employed or financially compensated by a school, or have family members who have a current financial relationship (which includes football", "title": "College Football Playoff" }, { "id": "20838520", "text": "2018 NCAA Division I FCS football rankings The 2018 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) football rankings consists of two human polls, in addition to various publications' preseason polls. Unlike the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), college football's governing body, the NCAA, bestows the national championship title through a 24-team tournament. The following weekly polls determine the top 25 teams at the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision level of college football for the 2018 season. The STATS poll is voted by media members while the Coaches' Poll is determined by coaches at the FCS level.", "title": "2018 NCAA Division I FCS football rankings" }, { "id": "20249622", "text": "receive automatic invitations to the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament. The NCAA has never recognized a consensus All-America team in women's basketball. This differs from the practice in men's basketball, in which the NCAA uses a combination of selections by the Associated Press (AP), the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC), the \"Sporting News\", and the United States Basketball Writers Association (USBWA) to determine a consensus All-America team. The selection of a consensus team is possible because all four organizations select at least a first and second team, with only the USBWA not selecting a third team. Of", "title": "2017–18 NCAA Division I women's basketball season" }, { "id": "21003569", "text": "(WCFF), \"Sporting News\" (\"TSN\", from its historic name of \"The Sporting News\"), \"Sports Illustrated\" (\"SI\"), \"USA Today\" (USAT) ESPN, CBS Sports (CBS), \"College Football News\" (\"CFN\"), Scout.com, Athlon Sports, and Fox Sports (FOX). Currently, the NCAA compiles consensus all-America teams in the sports of Division I FBS football and Division I men's basketball using a point system computed from All-America teams named by coaches associations or media sources. Players are chosen against other players playing at their position only. To be selected a consensus All-American, players must be chosen to the first team on at least two of the five", "title": "2018 College Football All-America Team" }, { "id": "20034918", "text": "2018 CAA Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 Colonial Athletic Association Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the Colonial Athletic Association for the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The tournament was held March 3–6, 2018 at the North Charleston Coliseum in North Charleston, South Carolina. The College of Charleston received the CAA's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament with an 83–76 overtime win over Northeastern in the championship game. On July 11, 2017, it was announced that the tournament, which was previously played on a Friday–Monday format, would move to a Saturday–Tuesday format beginning with", "title": "2018 CAA Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "20604592", "text": "2018 NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament The 2018 NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament is the 62nd annual single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division II college basketball in the United States. Featuring sixty-four teams, it began on March 9, and concluded with the championship game on March 24. The eight regional winners met in the Elite Eight for the quarterfinal, semifinal, and championship rounds. For the second consecutive year, the Elite Eight was held at the Sanford Pentagon in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. A total of 64 bids are available for each tournament: 24", "title": "2018 NCAA Division II Men's Basketball Tournament" }, { "id": "18411904", "text": "Four, North Carolina beat Oregon (making their first Final Four appearance since 1939) while Gonzaga defeated South Carolina (both making their first ever Final Four appearance). North Carolina then defeated Gonzaga 71–65 to win the national championship. A total of 68 teams entered the 2017 tournament, with all 32 conference tournament winners receiving an automatic bid. The Ivy League, which previously granted its automatic tournament bid to its regular season champion, hosted a postseason tournament to determine a conference champion for the first time. In previous years, had the Ivy League had two schools tied for first in the standings,", "title": "2017 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament" } ]

[ "September 5", "1882" ]

[ { "id": "12415204", "text": "affair, which occurred in Chicago on May 4, 1886.) Lastly, several countries have chosen neither date for their Labour Day. Beginning in the late 19th century, as the trade union and labor movements grew, different groups of trade unionists chose a variety of days on which to celebrate labor. In the United States, a September holiday called Labor Day was first proposed in the early 1880s. Alternate stories of the event's origination exist. According to one early history of Labor Day, the event originated in connection with a General Assembly of the Knights of Labor convened in New York City", "title": "Labor Day" }, { "id": "12415203", "text": "the Knights of Labor, which organized the first parade in New York City. In 1887, Oregon was the first state of the United States to make it an official public holiday. By the time it became an official federal holiday in 1894, thirty states in the United States officially celebrated Labor Day. Canada's Labour Day is also celebrated on the first Monday of September. More than 80 countries celebrate International Workers' Day on May 1 – the ancient European holiday of May Day. (May Day was chosen by the Second Internationale of socialist and communist parties to commemorate the Haymarket", "title": "Labor Day" }, { "id": "12415208", "text": "By the time it became an official federal holiday in 1894, thirty U.S. states officially celebrated Labor Day. All U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the United States territories have subsequently made Labor Day a statutory holiday. The date of May 1 (an ancient European folk holiday known as May Day) emerged in 1886 as an alternative holiday for the celebration of labor, later becoming known as International Workers' Day. The date had its origins at the 1885 convention of the American Federation of Labor, which passed a resolution calling for adoption of the eight-hour day effective May 1,", "title": "Labor Day" }, { "id": "12415202", "text": "Labor Day Labor Day in the United States of America is a public holiday celebrated on the first Monday in September. It honors the American labor movement and the contributions that workers have made to the strength, prosperity, laws, and well-being of the country. It is the Monday of the long weekend known as Labor Day Weekend. It is recognized as a federal holiday. Beginning in the late 19th century, as the trade union and labor movements grew, trade unionists proposed that a day be set aside to celebrate labor. \"Labor Day\" was promoted by the Central Labor Union and", "title": "Labor Day" }, { "id": "248209", "text": "festival in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on 22 July 1882. Returning to the United States, McGuire and the Knights of Labor organised a similar parade based on the Canadian event on 5 September 1882 in New York City, USA. On 23 July 1894, Canadian Prime Minister John Thompson and his government made Labour Day, to be held in September, an official holiday. In the United States, the New York parade became an annual event that year, and in 1894 was adopted by American president Grover Cleveland to compete with International Workers' Day (May Day). While Labour Day parades and picnics are", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "248206", "text": "procession, which ends up at the Southern Recreation Grounds, where government officials make speeches for the occasion. For many residents and visitors to the Bahamas, the afternoon of Labour Day is a time to relax at home or perhaps visit the beach. Labour Day (French: \"Fête du Travail\") has been celebrated in Canada on the first Monday in September since the 1880s. The origins of Labour Day in Canada can be traced back to December 1872 when a parade was staged in support of the Toronto Typographical Union's strike for a 58-hour work-week, almost a full decade before a similar", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "12415205", "text": "in September 1882. In connection with this clandestine Knights assembly, a public parade of various labor organizations was held on September 5 under the auspices of the Central Labor Union (CLU) of New York. Secretary of the CLU Matthew Maguire is credited for first proposing that a national Labor Day holiday subsequently be held on the first Monday of each September in the aftermath of this successful public demonstration. An alternative thesis is maintained that the idea of Labor Day was the brainchild of Peter J. McGuire, a vice president of the American Federation of Labor, who put forward the", "title": "Labor Day" }, { "id": "12415207", "text": "such a public celebration, owing to optimum weather and the date's place on the calendar, sitting midway between the Fourth of July and Thanksgiving public holidays. Labor Day picnics and other public gatherings frequently featured speeches by prominent labor leaders. In 1909 the American Federation of Labor convention designated the Sunday preceding Labor Day as \"Labor Sunday\", to be dedicated to the spiritual and educational aspects of the labor movement. This secondary date failed to gain significant traction in popular culture. In 1887 Oregon became the first state of the United States to make Labor Day an official public holiday.", "title": "Labor Day" }, { "id": "17283379", "text": "grew, a variety of days were chosen by trade unionists as a day to celebrate labour. In the United States and Canada, a September holiday, called Labor or Labour Day, was first proposed in the 1880s. In 1882, Matthew Maguire, a machinist, first proposed a Labor Day holiday on the first Monday of September while serving as secretary of the Central Labor Union (CLU) of New York. Others argue that it was first proposed by Peter J. McGuire of the American Federation of Labor in May 1882, after witnessing the annual labour festival held in Toronto, Canada. In 1887, Oregon", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "248216", "text": "anniversary of the eight-hour day was commemorated with a parade. The event was then celebrated annually in late October as either \"Labour Day\" or \"Eight-Hour Demonstration Day\". In 1899 government legislated that the day be a public holiday from 1900. The day was celebrated on different days in different provinces. This led to ship owners complaining that seamen were taking excessive holidays by having one Labour Day in one port then another in their next port. In 1910 the government stipulated that the holiday would be observed on the same day throughout the nation. In Trinidad and Tobago, Labour Day", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "17283390", "text": "labour unions. Celebrations related to labour are held, including demonstrations in major cities. It is customary to organize meetings at friends' places, at the sports associations, at the workplace, or at the labour unions with local food, usually locro or asado. The first Workers' Day celebration was in 1890, when Argentinian unions, controlled in those days by socialists and anarchists, organized several joint celebrations in Buenos Aires and other cities, at the same time that the international labour movement celebrated it for the first time. In 1930, it was established as an official holiday by the first president elected after", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "6474373", "text": "BC), as well as more formalized harvest celebrations during the reign of Emperor Seinei (480–484 AD). Modern scholars can date the basic forms of \"niiname-sai\" to the time of Emperor Tenmu (667–686 AD). Traditionally, it celebrated the year's hard work; during the \"Niiname-sai\" ceremony, the Emperor would dedicate the year's harvest to kami (spirits), and taste the rice for the first time. The modern holiday was established after World War II in 1948 as a day to mark some of the changes of the postwar Constitution of Japan, including fundamental human rights and the expansion of workers rights. Currently, \"Niiname-sai\"", "title": "Labor Thanksgiving Day" }, { "id": "17283415", "text": "protest against labor repression and demand for more rights, better wages and benefits. 1 May is known as Labour Day and is a public holiday. 1 May is known as Labor Day () and is a public holiday in the Philippines. On this day, labour organizations and unions hold protests in major cities. On 1 May 1903, during the American colonial period the (Filipino Democratic Labor Union) held a 100,000-person rally in front of the Malacañang Palace demanding workers' economic rights and Philippine independence. Ten years later, the first official celebration was held on 1 May 1913 when 36 labour", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "12415206", "text": "initial proposal in the spring of 1882. According to McGuire, on May 8, 1882, he made a proposition to the fledgling Central Labor Union in New York City that a day be set aside for a \"general holiday for the laboring classes\". According to McGuire he further recommended that the event should begin with a street parade as a public demonstration of organized labor's solidarity and strength, with the march followed by a picnic, to which participating local unions could sell tickets as a fundraiser. According to McGuire he suggested the first Monday in September as an ideal date for", "title": "Labor Day" }, { "id": "248213", "text": "of Queen Victoria and her emancipation of slaves in Jamaica. As its name suggests, the day was used to celebrate the British Empire, complete with flag-raising ceremonies and the singing of patriotic songs. In 1961, Jamaican Chief Minister Norman Washington Manley proposed the replacement of Empire Day with Labour Day, a celebration in commemoration of 23 May 1938, when Alexander Bustamante led a labour rebellion leading to Jamaican independence. In 1972, Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley promoted Labour Day as a showcase for the importance of labour to the development of Jamaica, and a day of voluntary community participation to", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "3474898", "text": "the site of the Metropolitan Fair. Union Square has been a frequent gathering point for radicals of all stripes to make speeches or demonstrate. In 1865, the recently formed Irish republican Fenian Brotherhood came out publicly and rented Dr. John Moffat's brownstone rowhouse at 32 East 17th Street, next to the Everett House hotel facing the north side of the square, for the capitol of the government-in-exile they declared. On September 5, 1882, in the first Labor Day celebration, a crowd of at least 10,000 workers paraded up Broadway and filed past the reviewing stand at Union Square. Although the", "title": "Union Square, Manhattan" }, { "id": "17283397", "text": "as \"Labour Day\" within Peru. In the United States, a \"Labour Day\", celebrated on the first Monday of each September was given increasing state recognition from 1887, and became an official federal holiday in 1894. Efforts to switch Labor Day from September to 1 May have not been successful. In 1921, following the Russian Revolution of 1917, 1 May was promoted as \"Americanization Day\" by the Veterans of Foreign Wars and other groups in opposition to communism. It became an annual event, sometimes featuring large rallies. In 1949, Americanization Day was renamed to Loyalty Day. In 1958, the US Congress", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "7683068", "text": "Belize also participate as well. Jessie Waddell and some of her West Indian friends started the Carnival in Harlem in the 1930s by staging costume parties in large, enclosed places like the Savoy, Renaissance and Audubon Ballrooms due to the cold wintry weather of February. This is the usual time for the pre-Lenten celebrations of the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival and other related celebrations around the world. However, because of the very nature of Carnival, and the need to parade in costume to music, indoor confinement did not work well. The earliest known Carnival street parade was held on September", "title": "Labor Day Carnival" }, { "id": "248217", "text": "is celebrated every 19 June. This holiday was proposed in 1973 to be commemorated on the anniversary of the 1937 Butler labour riots. In the United States, Labor Day is a federal holiday observed on the first Monday of September. It is customarily viewed as the end of the summer vacation season. Many schools open for the year on the day after Labor Day. The holiday is shared with Canada, where it is known as Labour Day (Fête du Travail in French). Labour Day Labour Day (Labor Day in the United States) is an annual holiday to celebrate the achievements", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "20241769", "text": "Almost 20 years after Franco put an end to Primero de Mayo, the Catholic Church intervened. In 1955, Pope Pius XII decided to designate May 1 as Fiesta de San José Artesano, also known as San José Obrero, and Franco incorporated the holiday into the next year. Beginning in 1956, the manifestations in favor of workers’ rights were replaced by masses in churches all over the country in honor of who would become the patron saint of workers. Starting in 1957, Spain’s Union Organization of Education and Rest began organizing a ‘union demonstration,’ a sort of art exhibition where groups", "title": "Labor Day in Spain" }, { "id": "17283380", "text": "was the first state of the United States to make it an official public holiday. By the time it became an official federal holiday in 1894, thirty US states officially celebrated Labor Day. Thus by 1887 in North America, Labour Day was an established, official holiday but in September, not on 1 May. 1 May was chosen to be International Workers' Day to commemorate the 1886 Haymarket affair in Chicago. In that year beginning on 1 May, there was a general strike for the eight-hour workday. On 4 May, the police acted to disperse a public assembly in support of", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "248201", "text": "Labour Day Labour Day (Labor Day in the United States) is an annual holiday to celebrate the achievements of workers. Labour Day has its origins in the labour union movement, specifically the eight-hour day movement, which advocated eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation, and eight hours for rest. For most countries, Labour Day is synonymous with, or linked with, International Workers' Day, which occurs on 1 May. For other countries, Labour Day is celebrated on a different date, often one with special significance for the labour movement in that country. Labour Day is a public holiday in many", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "17399792", "text": "Honorio Lopez, a Tondo-born playwright who fought in the Philippine Revolution. Owing to its location in Tondo, a working-class area of Manila, Plaza Moriones serves as a center for Philippine political discourse, second only to Plaza Miranda in Quiapo in terms of importance. On May 1, 1903, thousands of members of the Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina, led by Isabelo de los Reyes, organized the Philippines' first Labor Day celebrations, with laborers such as tailors, mechanics, barbers and lithographers marching from the plaza to Malacañang Palace. Several years later, the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP) was established on November 7, 1930", "title": "Plaza Moriones" }, { "id": "12415210", "text": "one of those concerned that a labor holiday on May 1 would tend to become a commemoration of the Haymarket Affair and would strengthen socialist and anarchist movements that backed the May 1 commemoration around the globe. In 1887, he publicly supported the September Labor Day holiday as a less inflammatory alternative. The date was formally adopted as a United States federal holiday in 1894. Labor Day is called the \"unofficial end of summer\" because it marks the end of the cultural summer season. Many take their two-week vacations during the two weeks ending Labor Day weekend. Many fall activities,", "title": "Labor Day" }, { "id": "248205", "text": "in June in order to create a long weekend for workers. The traditional date of Labour Day in the Bahamas, however, is 7 June, in commemoration of a significant workers' strike that began on that day in 1942. Labour Day is meant to honor and celebrate workers and the importance of their contributions to the nation and society. In the capital city, Nassau, thousands of people come to watch a parade through the streets, which begins at mid-morning. Bands in colorful uniforms, traditional African junkanoo performers, and members of various labour unions and political parties are all part of the", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "20239404", "text": "Labor Day in Toledo, Spain Labor Day, known in Spain as Primero de Mayo or el Día del Trabajador, originated in 1889 when a nationwide workers’ protest in the United States, originally only planned to last one day, lasted several weeks in Chicago and ended with the imprisonment and assassination of several protesters. Even though the day started being celebrated internationally in 1890, it did not become a holiday in Spain until 1931, and since then its legal and celebrative statuses have varied greatly. Primero de Mayo in Toledo, Spain has always been a bit different from the rest of", "title": "Labor Day in Toledo, Spain" }, { "id": "13534969", "text": "hanged on November 11, 1887. In 1893, Illinois's new governor, John Peter Altgeld, pardoned the remaining defendants and criticized the trial. The Haymarket Affair is generally considered significant as the origin of International Workers' Day, held on May 1. According to labor studies professor William J. Adelman: No single event has influenced the history of labor in Illinois, the United States, and even the world, more than the Chicago Haymarket Affair. It began with a rally on May 4, 1886, but the consequences are still being felt today. Although the rally is included in American history textbooks, very few present", "title": "Haymarket affair" }, { "id": "2434962", "text": "losing money anyway. They were successful in times of prosperity when the company was losing profits and wanted to settle quickly. The Federation made some efforts to obtain favorable legislation, but had little success in organizing or chartering new unions. It came out in support of the proposal, traditionally attributed to Peter J. McGuire of the Carpenters Union, for a national Labor Day holiday on the first Monday in September, and threw itself behind the eight hour movement, which sought to limit the workday by either legislation or union organizing. In 1886, as the relations between the trade union movement", "title": "Labor history of the United States" }, { "id": "12415215", "text": "Labor Day has become an important weekend for discounts and allowances by many retailers in the United States, especially for back-to-school sales. Some retailers claim it is one of the largest sale dates of the year, second only to the Christmas season's Black Friday. Labor Day Labor Day in the United States of America is a public holiday celebrated on the first Monday in September. It honors the American labor movement and the contributions that workers have made to the strength, prosperity, laws, and well-being of the country. It is the Monday of the long weekend known as Labor Day", "title": "Labor Day" }, { "id": "248215", "text": "is a non-working holiday for most citizens of Kazakhstan because it always falls on a weekend. In New Zealand, Labour Day is a public holiday held on the fourth Monday in October. Its origins are traced back to the eight-hour working day movement that arose in the newly founded Wellington colony in 1840, primarily because of carpenter Samuel Parnell's refusal to work more than eight hours a day. He encouraged other tradesmen also to work for only eight hours a day and in October 1840, a workers' meeting passed a resolution supporting the idea. On 28 October 1890, the 50th", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "7683069", "text": "1, 1947. The Trinidad Carnival Pageant Committee was the founding force behind the parade, which was held in Harlem. The parade route was along Seventh Avenue, starting at 110th St. The first Carnival Queen was Dorothy Godfrey. The Committee raised money to finance the parade. They sold advertisement space and boosters, that were printed in a Souvenir Journal for West Indies Day, a booklet which is a memento of that first parade. Jessie Waddell Compton is presented in the journal as the person \"whose inspiration and enterprise\" was owed to the formation of this committee. The committee consisted of Waddell", "title": "Labor Day Carnival" }, { "id": "17283392", "text": "September. In 1894, the government of Prime Minister John Sparrow David Thompson declared the first Monday in September as Canada's official Labour Day. Labor Day in the United States is on the same day. May Day is however marked by unions and leftists. It is celebrated on the 1st of May. May Day is an important day of trade union and community group protest in the province of Quebec (though not a provincial state holiday). Celebration of the International Labour Day (or \"International Workers' Day\"; ) in Montreal goes back to 1906, organized by the Mutual Aid circle. The tradition", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "10858074", "text": "Indies. He traveled to Denmark and successfully petitioned for the repeal of a 1779 law which prohibited independent newspapers and enforced strict censorship on all publications in the territory. Upon returning home, he established the first free newspaper, \"The Herald\". The date of this event, November 1, is celebrated as an annual public holiday known as \"Liberty Day\", D. Hamilton Jackson Day, or Bull and Bread Day in the U.S. Virgin Islands. With the help of Ralph Bough, Jackson organized the first union in the Danish West Indies, St. Croix Labor Union, in 1913. He lobbied for the transfer of", "title": "D. Hamilton Jackson" }, { "id": "20241766", "text": "Largo Caballero, then Spain’s Minister of Labor, had proposed that the date be made an official holiday, and within weeks of the Second Republic’s proclamation the proposal was accepted. Upon acceptance, an estimated 300,000 people marched in Madrid led by the ‘Republic’ (represented by a girl dressed as such), ending where then president Niceto Alcala-Zamora celebrated ‘the end of social antagonism’. With this declaration, the complaints and requests of the workers from all over the country would go directly to the government, allowing a new ‘wave’ of public power. In the middle of the Spanish Civil War, which lasted from", "title": "Labor Day in Spain" }, { "id": "12415209", "text": "1886. While negotiation was envisioned for achievement of the shortened work day, use of the strike to enforce this demand was recognized, with May 1 advocated as a date for coordinated strike action. The proximity of the date to the bloody Haymarket affair of May 4, 1886, further accentuated May First's radical reputation. There was disagreement among labor unions at this time about when a holiday celebrating workers should be, with some advocating for continued emphasis of the September march-and-picnic date while others sought the designation of the more politically-charged date of May 1. Conservative Democratic President Grover Cleveland was", "title": "Labor Day" }, { "id": "1721583", "text": "1885 to all federal employees. The original four holidays were: George Washington's Birthday became a Federal holiday in 1880. In 1888 and 1894, respectively, Decoration Day (now Memorial Day) and Labor Day were created. In 1938, Armistice Day (now Veterans Day) was created to mark the end of World War I. The scope and the name of the holiday was expanded in 1954 to honor Americans who fought in World War II and the Korean War. In 1968, the Monday Holiday Act of 1968 shifted several holidays to always fall on a Monday and saw the establishment of Columbus Day.", "title": "Federal holidays in the United States" }, { "id": "7683070", "text": "Compton-Chairman; Ivan H. Daniel-Vice Chairman; Conrad Matthews-Treasurer; Roy Huggins-Secretary; and Robert J. Welsh-Assistant Secretary. Each member of the committee contributed in helping to organize the parade. The after-parade party, which the Trinidad Carnival Pageant Committee held at the Golden Gate Ballroom, was arranged by James M. Green, another figure who helped make the first Carnival Parade in Harlem successful. The permit for the Harlem parade was revoked in 1964. Five years later, a committee headed by Carlos Lezama, which eventually became the West Indian-American Day Carnival Association, obtained approval for the parade to be established on Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn,", "title": "Labor Day Carnival" }, { "id": "248202", "text": "countries. In Canada and the United States, the holiday is celebrated on the first Monday of September and considered the unofficial end of summer, with summer vacations ending and students returning to school around then. For most countries, \"Labour Day\" is synonymous with, or linked with, International Workers' Day, which occurs on 1 May. Some countries vary the actual date of their celebrations so that the holiday occurs on a Monday close to 1 May. Labour Day in Australia is a public holiday on dates which vary between states and territories. It is the first Monday in October in the", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "248208", "text": "and police arrested 24 leaders of the Typographical Union. Labour leaders decided to call another similar demonstration on 3 September to protest the arrests. Seven unions marched in Ottawa, prompting a promise by Canadian Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald to repeal the \"barbarous\" anti-union laws. Parliament passed the Trade Union Act on 14 June the following year, and soon all unions were seeking a 54-hour work-week. The Toronto Trades and Labour Council (successor to the TTA) held similar celebrations every spring. American Peter J. McGuire, co-founder of the American Federation of Labor, was asked to speak at a labour", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "17283377", "text": "International Workers' Day International Workers' Day, also known as Workers' Day, May Day or Labour Day in some countries and often referred to as May Day, is a celebration of labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement which occurs every year on May Day (1 May), an ancient European spring festival. The date was chosen by a pan-national organization of socialist and communist political parties to commemorate the Haymarket affair, which occurred in Chicago on 4 May 1886. The 1904 Sixth Conference of the Second International, called on \"all Social Democratic Party organisations and", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "19314651", "text": "1890; he was dubbed, \"Ohio's Father of Labor Day\". After Labor Day was adopted as a national, legal holiday in 1894, he sometimes referred to as the \"Father of Labor Day\". In 1968, W. Willard Wirtz declared that official position of the United States Department of Labor was to credit Matthew Maguire, a machinist from the Knights of Labor, with proposing the Labor Day in 1882. In 1937, in recognition of his service to the people of Cleveland, 4 April was designated as \"John P. Green Day\" by the mayor and city council of Cleveland. John Patterson Green John Patterson", "title": "John Patterson Green" }, { "id": "1741819", "text": "Historic Places. In 1894, in an effort to conciliate organized labor after the strike, President Grover Cleveland and Congress designated Labor Day as a federal holiday. Legislation for the holiday was pushed through Congress six days after the strike ended. Samuel Gompers, who had sided with the federal government in its effort to end the strike by the American Railway Union, spoke out in favor of the holiday. Pullman Strike The Pullman Strike was a nationwide railroad strike in the United States that lasted from May 11 to July 20, 1894, and a turning point for US labor law. It", "title": "Pullman Strike" }, { "id": "3474901", "text": "by the workers as many of them did not want to lose their jobs. This period saw Union Square as a gathering point for many of the cities socialist and communist groups. The centennial of Union Square was seen as a thinly veiled effort to displace those elements with its draping of the square with flags and police demonstrations of anti protester drills. Union Square was named a National Historic Landmark in 1997, primarily to honor it as the site of the first Labor Day parade. In the days and weeks following the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, Union", "title": "Union Square, Manhattan" }, { "id": "6474372", "text": "Labor Thanksgiving Day Events are held throughout Japan, one such being the Nagano Labor Festival. The event encourages thinking about the environment, peace and human rights. Early-grade elementary students often create drawings for the holiday and give them as gifts to local kōbans (neighborhood police stations). Labor Thanksgiving Day is the modern name for an ancient harvest festival known as , celebrating the harvest of the Five Cereals (rice, barley/wheat, foxtail millet, barnyard millet, proso millet, and beans). The classical chronicle the \"Nihon Shoki\" mentions a harvest ritual having taken place during the reign of the legendary Emperor Jimmu (660–585", "title": "Labor Thanksgiving Day" }, { "id": "18786324", "text": "social conflicts and occasional violence. Labor unions and strikes had been legalized during the regime of Napoleon III. The first labor union congress in Paris took place in October 1876, and the socialist party recruited many members among the Paris workers. On May 1, 1890, the socialists organized the first celebration of May Day, the international day of labor. Since it was an unauthorized celebration, it led to confrontations between police and demonstrators. The majority of political violence came from the anarchist movement of the 1890s. The first attack was organized by an anarchist named Ravachol, who set off bombs", "title": "Paris in the Belle Époque" }, { "id": "248207", "text": "event in New York City by the American Knights of Labor, a late 19th-century U.S. labor federation, launched the movement towards the American Labor Day holiday. The Toronto Trades Assembly (TTA) called its 27 unions to demonstrate in support of the Typographical Union who had been on strike since 25 March. George Brown, Canadian politician and editor of the \"Toronto Globe\" hit back at his striking employees, pressing police to charge the Typographical Union with \"conspiracy.\" Although the laws criminalising union activity were outdated and had already been abolished in Great Britain, they were still on the books in Canada", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "20241758", "text": "Labor Day in Spain Labor Day in Spain, known there as Día del Trabajador or Primero de Mayo, was first celebrated on May 1, 1889. The way in which Spaniards celebrate Primero de Mayo has varied greatly since then, due primarily to the Francoist State, which lasted from 1936 to 1975. After 4 decades of being prohibited, in 1978 the celebration was finally re-legalized and re-instated as a national holiday, and since then every Primero de Mayo has been marked by protests and manifestations all over the country, in which social advances are celebrated and workers’ rights are revindicated. The", "title": "Labor Day in Spain" }, { "id": "19668567", "text": "Labour Day Parade (Toronto) The Toronto Labour Day Parade is an annual event held in the city of Toronto. The first parade was held in December 1872 and was organized by what was then the Toronto Trades and Labour Assembly and staged in support of the Toronto Typographical Union's strike for a 58-hour work-week. Twenty-seven unions joined the parade to demonstrate in support of the Typographical Union who had been on strike since 25 March. The Toronto Trades and Labour Council (successor to the TTA) subsequently held similar celebrations every spring. On 23 July 1894, Canadian Prime Minister John Thompson's", "title": "Labour Day Parade (Toronto)" }, { "id": "17283391", "text": "the passage of the Sáenz Peña Law, the Radical Civic Union president Hipólito Yrigoyen. The day became particularly relevant during the worker-oriented government of Juan Domingo Perón (1946–55). He permitted and endorsed national recognition of the holiday during his tenure in office. 1 May is known as Labour Day and is a holiday. In Brazil, Workers' Day is an official holiday that is celebrated on the 1st of May, and unions commemorate it with day-long public events. It is also when salaries for most professional categories and the minimum wage are traditionally readjusted. In Canada, Labour Day is celebrated in", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "18467797", "text": "was elected in first place in Port Louis. He and the Labour Party proceeded to legislate constitutional reforms to expand the electoral base significantly. He also introduced a motion on April 29, 1949, to make Labour Day a public holiday in Mauritius. Though Labour Day had first been celebrated on May 1, 1938 in Champ de Mars, it was not until 1 May 1950 that it was officially celebrated, after being decreed a public holiday by the Legislative Council. Calls for reform by the Labour Party in London are reviewed by the Constitutional in 1955. Representatives of the Labour Party", "title": "Guy Rozemont" }, { "id": "7683067", "text": "Labor Day Carnival The Labor Day Parade (or West Indian Carnival) is an annual celebration held on American Labor Day (the first Monday in September) in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, in New York City. The main event is the West Indian Day Parade, which attracts between one and three million participants. The spectators and participators watch and follow the parade on its route along Eastern Parkway. Some of the Caribbean islands represented in the parade include Trinidad and Tobago, Haiti, Barbados, Dominica, Saint Lucia, Jamaica, Saint Vincent and Grenada, along with some Afro-Panamanians. mainland Caribbean countries such as Guyana, Suriname, and", "title": "Labor Day Carnival" }, { "id": "248212", "text": "after the 2005 season, that team played the nearby Montreal Alouettes on Labour Day weekend. Since the 2014 CFL season, when the Ottawa Redblacks began play, the Montreal–Ottawa Labour Day tradition has once again been observed. Likewise, Ontario University Athletics has a long-established tradition to play university football on Labour Day. The Labour Day parade in Grand Falls-Windsor, Newfoundland started in 1921 and still continues today, over 90 years later. The celebrations go on for three days with a parade on Labour Day Monday. Before 1961, 24 May was celebrated in Jamaica as Empire Day in honour of the birthday", "title": "Labour Day" }, { "id": "4661820", "text": "Peter J. McGuire Peter J. McGuire (July 6, 1852 – February 18, 1906) was an American labor leader of the nineteenth century. He co-founded the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America in 1881 along with Gustav Luebkert and became one of the leading figures in the first three decades of the American Federation of Labor. He is credited with first proposing the idea of Labor Day as a national holiday in 1882. Born in New York City into a poor Irish Catholic family, he was a political activist before he became a trade unionist. He became a member", "title": "Peter J. McGuire" }, { "id": "20241776", "text": "runs on a ‘holiday schedule,’ and most commercial centers are closed; restaurants and museums usually stay open, as well as other tourist and entertainment attractions. Labor Day in Spain Labor Day in Spain, known there as Día del Trabajador or Primero de Mayo, was first celebrated on May 1, 1889. The way in which Spaniards celebrate Primero de Mayo has varied greatly since then, due primarily to the Francoist State, which lasted from 1936 to 1975. After 4 decades of being prohibited, in 1978 the celebration was finally re-legalized and re-instated as a national holiday, and since then every Primero", "title": "Labor Day in Spain" }, { "id": "1439916", "text": "Labour Day has its origins in the eight-hour day movement, which advocated eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation, and eight hours for rest. On 21 April 1856 Stonemasons and building workers on building sites around Melbourne, Australia, stopped work and marched from the University of Melbourne to Parliament House to achieve an eight-hour day. Their direct action protest was a success, and they are noted as the first organised workers in the world to achieve an eight-hour day with no loss of pay, which subsequently inspired the celebration of Labour Day and May Day. In Tasmania the public", "title": "Public holidays in Australia" }, { "id": "10840280", "text": "Labor Party. Henry George was its candidate for Mayor of New York City in 1886 but lost the race by a wide margin. Central Labor Union The Central Labor Union of New York, Brooklyn, and New Jersey was an early trade union organization that later broke up into various locals, which are now AFL-CIO members. The establishment of the CLU predates the consolidation of New York City (1897) by nearly two decades and is best known as the organization that created the American Labor Day holiday. Organized in 1867, it later spread to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The union was firmly Marxist", "title": "Central Labor Union" }, { "id": "10840279", "text": "Central Labor Union The Central Labor Union of New York, Brooklyn, and New Jersey was an early trade union organization that later broke up into various locals, which are now AFL-CIO members. The establishment of the CLU predates the consolidation of New York City (1897) by nearly two decades and is best known as the organization that created the American Labor Day holiday. Organized in 1867, it later spread to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The union was firmly Marxist in orientation and was the first integrated labor union in the United States. Closely linked to the Central Labor Union was the United", "title": "Central Labor Union" }, { "id": "267588", "text": "May Day May Day is a public holiday usually celebrated on 1 May. It is an ancient Northern Hemisphere spring festival and a traditional spring holiday in many cultures. Dances, singing, and cake are usually part of the festivities. In the late 19th century, May Day was chosen as the date for International Workers' Day by the Socialists and Communists of the Second International to commemorate the Haymarket affair in Chicago. International Workers' Day can also be referred to as \"May Day\", but it is a different celebration from the traditional May Day. The earliest May Day celebrations appeared with", "title": "May Day" }, { "id": "16959362", "text": "for one place. For weeks we would just drive down the street, knocking on people’s doors. The house we found was perfect but it was very modern. Steve brought it back to 1987.\" Principal photography for the film began on June 13, 2012, in Massachusetts. The filming locations included Belchertown, Shelburne Falls,Ashland, Sutton, Mansfield, Natick, Medfield, and Medway, Massachusetts. On 25 January, filming moved to Acton and scenes shot around Piper Road and at a house located in the area. The movie was also filmed at Canobie Lake Park in Salem, New Hampshire. The filming finished on 17 August 2012.", "title": "Labor Day (film)" }, { "id": "17283463", "text": "Wellington. Labour Day was first celebrated in New Zealand on 28 October 1890. Labour day falls every year on the fourth Monday of October. International Workers' Day International Workers' Day, also known as Workers' Day, May Day or Labour Day in some countries and often referred to as May Day, is a celebration of labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement which occurs every year on May Day (1 May), an ancient European spring festival. The date was chosen by a pan-national organization of socialist and communist political parties to commemorate the Haymarket affair,", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "20239413", "text": "asked that the workers bring their banners and flags to the act, as if the manifestation were really starting inside the Teatro de Rojas. On this specific day in Toledo, the theater was the source of inspiration so that the workers would have a peaceful and organized manifestation. During Francisco Franco's dictatorship, from 1936 to 1975, the theater and el Día del Trabajador were intimately connected throughout all of Spain, and Toledo was no different. During the time in which the holiday was prohibited by Franco, from 1937 to 1977, the republican Spaniards came to celebrate the working class through", "title": "Labor Day in Toledo, Spain" }, { "id": "258466", "text": "Emmanuel Anquetil rallied the urban workers while Pandit Sahadeo concentrated on the rural working class. The Uba riots of 1937 resulted in reforms by the local British government that improved labour conditions and led to the un-banning of labour unions. Labour Day was celebrated for the first time in 1938. More than 30,000 workers sacrificed a day's wage and came from all over the island to attend a giant meeting at the Champ de Mars. At the outbreak of World War II in 1939, many Mauritians volunteered to serve under the British flag in Africa and the Near East, fighting", "title": "Mauritius" }, { "id": "13388541", "text": "1, 1865, thousands of people, mainly newly freed blacks, processed to the site, and members of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry marched around the site. The graves were decorated, speeches were offered, and celebrants enjoyed picnics in the area. This has been cited as the first Memorial Day celebration. By 1871, the cemetery was suffering neglect, and the soldiers were reinterred at the Beaufort and Florence National Cemeteries. In their 2014 book \"The Genesis of the Memorial Day Holiday in America\", Bellware and Gardiner take issue with Blight’s characterization of this event as the first Memorial Day. While appealing in", "title": "Hampton Park (Charleston)" }, { "id": "16263029", "text": "one to be erected on the beach and is installed close to the site where the country's first commemoration of May Day was held. The statue was installed on the eve of the Republic Day in 1959, as part of the Kamaraj government's drive to beautify the beach. The statue remains the focal point of May Day celebrations in the city. On a summer evening in May 1923, M. Singaravelar, a labour union leader, conducted a meeting at the Marina Beach near Triplicane, calling for recognition of workers' rights, and pledged to create a political party to represent the rights", "title": "Triumph of Labour" }, { "id": "2434970", "text": "or labor for labor. However, they were issued in limited numbers and only for a short period of time because the plan to expand the Labor exchange notes program did not meet expectations. Tokens and medals were also used as propaganda for labor movements as early as the late 1800s. They were issued by local labor groups to members of their \"temples\" or made to commemorate important events, such as the Haymarket Massacre in Chicago. These tokens often featured popular labor union symbols like clasped hands or an arm and hammer. Some tokens were industry specific, such as those issued", "title": "Labor history of the United States" }, { "id": "17283422", "text": "its capital city, Sarajevo, June 12 and 13 are also celebrated as Labour day due to its many natural parks and springs. Labour Day is one of the public holidays in Bulgaria, where it is known as \"Labour Day and International Workers' Solidarity Day\" (). The first attempt to celebrate it was in 1890 by the Bulgarian Typographical Association. In 1939, Labour Day was declared an official holiday. Since 1945 the communist authorities in the People's Republic of Bulgaria began to celebrate the holiday every year. After the end of socialism in Bulgaria in 1989 Labour Day continues to be", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "17283378", "text": "trade unions of all countries to demonstrate energetically on the First of May for the legal establishment of the 8-hour day, for the class demands of the proletariat, and for universal peace.\" The first of May is a national public holiday in many countries worldwide, in most cases as \"Labour Day\", \"International Workers' Day\" or some similar name – although some countries celebrate a Labour Day on other dates significant to them, such as the United States, which celebrates Labor Day on the first Monday of September. Beginning in the late 19th century, as the trade union and labour movements", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "17283416", "text": "unions convened for a congress in Manila. On 1 May 2001, a mass demonstration occurred near Malacañang Palace known as EDSA 3 or 1 May Riots. During the Presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, a policy was adopted called holiday economics policy that moved holidays to either a Monday or a Friday to create a long weekend of three days. In 2002, Labor Day was moved to the Monday nearest to 1 May. Labour groups protested, as they accused the Arroyo administration of belittling the holiday. By 2008, Labor Day was excluded in the holiday economics policy, returning the commemorations to 1", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "17283450", "text": "it was banned afterwards by the Franco regime. The first time it was celebrated was in 1977, when the Communist Party of Spain was legalized. Since then, it has become an official holiday that has been traditionally used by trade unions and leftist parties for social and labour vindications. Commonly, peaceful demonstrations and parades occur in major and minor cities. 1 May has been an important part of Swedish history since the late 19th century. The day was made a public holiday in 1938 but had been celebrated by the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the left since 1890. The", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "17283437", "text": "First official celebrations appeared during Soviet occupation, but it had negative communist connotation. As Lithuania declared its independence in 1990, Work Day lost its public holiday status, but regained it in 1996. In Luxembourg, 1 May, called the (\"Day of Labour\"), is a legal holiday traditionally associated with large demonstrations by trade unions in Luxembourg City and other cities. Many people seize the opportunity for an outdoor picnic with family and friends, and local and national associations organize popular events for this day, among others the Festival of Labour and Cultures, organized by the Abbey Cultural Exchange Centre in Luxembourg", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "12403408", "text": "octave, to be held in his honour on Wednesday in the second week after Easter. The 1870 feast was replaced in the 1955 General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII by the Feast of \"Saint Joseph the Worker\", to be celebrated on 1 May. This date coincides with the secular International Workers' Day promoted by the labour movement and left-wing parties since the 1890s, and reflects Joseph's status as patron saint of workers. Catholic and other Christian teachings and stories about or relating to Joseph and the Holy Family frequently stress his patience, persistence, courage, and hard work. The Feast", "title": "Saint Joseph" }, { "id": "17247088", "text": "Labour Day (Singapore) In Singapore, May Day (or Labour Day) is celebrated on the 1st of May each year as a mark of solidarity amongst workers. The celebration of May Day as a public holiday began only in 1960 after the People's Action Party came into power. Before then, only workers defined as such under the Labour Ordinance 1955 and those defined as industrial clerks under the Clerks Employment Ordinance 1957 were given paid holidays. May Day is a day of special significance for organised workers, as it serves to remind others what their collective strength has achieved for workers.", "title": "Labour Day (Singapore)" }, { "id": "666548", "text": "cultural significance. Under the leadership of women during the war, an increasingly formal practice of decorating graves had taken shape. In 1865, the federal government began creating national military cemeteries for the Union war dead. On May 1, 1865, in Charleston, South Carolina, recently freed African-Americans held a parade of 10,000 people to honor 257 dead Union Soldiers, whose remains they had reburied from a mass grave in a Confederate prison camp. Historian David W. Blight cites contemporary news reports of this incident in the \"Charleston Daily Courier\" and the \"New-York Tribune.\" Although Blight claimed that \"African Americans invented Memorial", "title": "Memorial Day" }, { "id": "20241767", "text": "1936 to 1939, Franco abolished the holiday of Primero de Mayo with a decree on April 12, 1937, which also stated that a new holiday dedicated to “Trabajo Nacional,” or National Labor, would later be declared. In March 1938 the “Fuero del Trabajo,” or Code of Labor, was published, establishing that Spain would now celebrate a “Fiesta de la Exaltacion del Trabajo,” or Labor Praising Party, to be held on July 18, his birthday. Since the Republican zone was in no condition to hold real protests mid-war, for the next several years only small, secret acts (mostly in theaters) were", "title": "Labor Day in Spain" }, { "id": "2434942", "text": "for going on strike in New York City. However, most instances of labor unrest during the colonial period were temporary and isolated, and rarely resulted in the formation of permanent groups of laborers for negotiation purposes. Little legal recourse was available to those injured by the unrest, because strikes were not typically considered illegal. The only known case of criminal prosecution of workers in the colonial era occurred as a result of a carpenters' strike in Savannah, Georgia, in 1746. By the beginning of the 19th century, after the revolution, little had changed. The career path for most artisans still", "title": "Labor history of the United States" }, { "id": "18716412", "text": "the industrial revolution, when agricultural jobs declined and employment moved to more industrial areas. The idea met with great resistance. In the early 19th century, groups such as the Tolpuddle Martyrs of Dorset were punished and transported for forming unions, which was against the laws of the time. Trade unionism was active during the early to mid 19th century and various labour parties and trade unions were formed throughout the industrialised parts of the world. The International Workingmen's Association, the first attempt at international coordination, was founded in London in 1864. The major issues included the right of the workers", "title": "Labour movement" }, { "id": "3802733", "text": "old. Larry Harvey Larry Harvey (January 11, 1948 – April 28, 2018) was an American artist, philanthropist and activist. He was the main co-founder of the Burning Man event, along with his friend Jerry James. Burning Man started in 1986 as a summer solstice evening ritual burning of their artistic creation of an effigy of a man with a group of just a dozen people at San Francisco's Baker Beach soon became an annual event that over four years grew to more than 800 people. In 1990, in collaboration with the SF Cacophony Society, the event moved to Labor Day", "title": "Larry Harvey" }, { "id": "20239414", "text": "acts performed behind closed doors in theaters. In Toledo, the majority of acts and meetings probably occurred at the Teatro de Rojas or in the Sala Garcilaso, since around that time these were two of the most utilized spaces by labor organizations. During that time, since all of Spain was using the theater as a medium for secret celebrations, Toledo's Primero de Mayo was not unique in any way besides the pilgrimage for la Virgen del Valle. Similarly to the rest of the country, in 1956 Toledo began celebrating San José Artesano on May 1, as requested by Pope Pius", "title": "Labor Day in Toledo, Spain" }, { "id": "2644202", "text": "Canal Street, on the upriver side of the French Quarter. Mardi Gras day traditionally concludes with the \"Meeting of the Courts\" between Rex and Comus. The first record of Mardi Gras being celebrated in Louisiana was at the mouth of the Mississippi River in what is now lower Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, on March 2, 1699. Iberville, Bienville, and their men celebrated it as part of an observance of Catholic practice. The date of the first celebration of the festivities in New Orleans is unknown. A 1730 account by Marc-Antione Caillot celebrating with music and dance, masking and costuming (including cross-dressing).", "title": "Mardi Gras in New Orleans" }, { "id": "593955", "text": "when the Arts and Crafts Society began in October 1897 in Chicago, it was at Hull House, one of the first American settlement houses for social reform. Arts and Crafts ideals disseminated in America through journal and newspaper writing were supplemented by societies that sponsored lectures. The first was organized in Boston in the late 1890s, when a group of influential architects, designers, and educators determined to bring to America the design reforms begun in Britain by William Morris; they met to organize an exhibition of contemporary craft objects. The first meeting was held on January 4, 1897, at the", "title": "Arts and Crafts movement" }, { "id": "17283388", "text": "been celebrated as a national public holiday on 1 May each year since 1994. It has its origins within the historical struggles of workers and their trade unions internationally for solidarity between working people in their struggles to win fair employment standards and more importantly, to establish a culture of human and worker rights and to ensure that these are enshrined in international law and the national law of those countries aligned to the International Labour Organization. In pre-1994 South Africa, the demand for the annual observance of the day as a public holiday became a rallying point for workers", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "666556", "text": "both the Union and Confederate dead in the city's Friendship Cemetery, claiming to be the first \"Decoration Day.\" The early southern Memorial Day celebrations were simple, somber occasions for veterans and their families to honor the dead and tend to local cemeteries. Historians acknowledge the Ladies Memorial Association played a key role in these rituals of preservation of Confederate \"memory.\" Various dates ranging from April 25 to mid-June were adopted in different Southern states. Across the South, associations were founded, many by women, to establish and care for permanent cemeteries for the Confederate dead, organize commemorative ceremonies, and sponsor appropriate", "title": "Memorial Day" }, { "id": "18716413", "text": "to organize themselves, and the right to an 8-hour working day. In 1871 workers in France rebelled and the Paris Commune was formed. From the mid-nineteenth century onward the labour movement became increasingly globalised. The movement gained major impetus during the late 19th and early 20th centuries from the Catholic Social Teaching tradition which began in 1891 with the publication of Pope Leo XIII's foundational document, \"Rerum novarum\", also known as \"On the Condition of the Working Classes,\" in which he advocated a series of reforms including limits on the length of the work day, a living wage, the elimination", "title": "Labour movement" }, { "id": "20239410", "text": "oldest registered Primero de Mayo in Toledo, the theater has played a main part in the holiday’s celebration and the fight for the working class’s rights. On May 1, 1892, the Teatro Estrella was chosen as the site for a meeting organized by the Socialist Group of Toledo, to which they invited all of Toledo’s workers. The meeting which took place in that theater was crucial for the formation of a labor force in Toledo, since there it was declared that May 1 was a very big day for Toledo’s working class and several workers were persuaded to affiliate themselves", "title": "Labor Day in Toledo, Spain" }, { "id": "17283405", "text": "and socialist political parties. Labour Day is known as \"Kamgar Din\" in Hindi, \"Karmikara Dinacharane\" in Kannada,\"Karmika Dinotsavam in Telugu, \"Kamgar Divas\" in Marathi, \"Uzhaipalar dhinam\" in Tamil,\"Thozhilaali Dinam\" in Malayalamand Shromik Divas in ((Bengali)). In North India, and Labour Day is mostly not given its previous importance as a holiday now. The first May Day celebration in India was organized in Madras (now Chennai) by the Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan on 1 May 1923. This was also the first time the red flag was used in India. The party leader Singaravelu Chettiar made arrangements to celebrate May Day", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "2434961", "text": "prohibition of child labor, a national eight hour day, and exclusion of Chinese and other foreign contract workers. Strikes organized by labor unions became routine events by the 1880s. There were 37,000 strikes, 1881 to 1905. By far the largest number were in the building trades, followed far behind by coal miners. The main goal was control of working conditions, setting uniform wage scales, protesting the firing of a member, and settling which rival union was in control. Most strikes were of very short duration. In times of depression strikes were more violent but less successful, because the company was", "title": "Labor history of the United States" }, { "id": "666549", "text": "Day in Charleston, South Carolina\", in 2012, Blight stated that he \"has no evidence\" that the event in Charleston inspired the establishment of Memorial Day across the country. Accordingly, investigators for Time Magazine, LiveScience, RealClearLife and Snopes have called this conclusion into question. In 1868, copying the southern annual observance of the previous three years, General John A. Logan of the Grand Army of the Republic, an organization of Union veterans founded in Decatur, Illinois, established Decoration Day as a time for the nation to decorate the graves of the Union war dead with flowers. By the 20th century, various", "title": "Memorial Day" }, { "id": "20241760", "text": "rights by governments all over the world. Finally, in 1889, May 1 was declared International Workers' Day by the Socialist Workers Congress of the Second International. at a conference held in Paris That same year Spain celebrated its very first Día del Trabajador, which was adopted through two different routes by the Spanish labor movement: socialists throwing a ‘labor party’ in an attempt to support that sector of the population while avoiding violence, and anarchists calling a revolutionary strike. For the first Día del Trabajador, the socialists were worried that there would not be enough participation on the signaled May", "title": "Labor Day in Spain" }, { "id": "1076741", "text": "Zearing, Iowa Zearing is a city in Story County, Iowa, United States. The population was 554 at the 2010 census. Zearing was formed out of Lincoln Township, being founded on October 17, 1881 and incorporated on February 6, 1883. It was named for William Mitchell Zearing, a judge from Chicago who donated a bell to the first church in the community. The city celebrates Zearing Days Celebration festival during the last weekend in July. This celebration used to be held to commemorate Labor Day, but had not been put on since the 1980s, that was until 2000 when a group", "title": "Zearing, Iowa" }, { "id": "4503858", "text": "and his family returned home to Fairmont. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery. Richmond (and the South's) Reconstruction began. Richmond's Theological School for Freedmen, later becoming Virginia Union University, was established that year. (Today, the historic campus is located on Lombardy Street just north of the downtown area). In 1866, the first organized Memorial Day was celebrated in Richmond at Oakwood Cemetery near Church Hill on the Nine Mile Road. Many fallen Confederate troops were buried there and at Hollywood Cemetery, just west of the Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond. In 1869, the segregated", "title": "History of Richmond, Virginia" }, { "id": "20239409", "text": "on the afternoon of May 1. For the pilgrimage, authorities close roads and avenues involved in its path, the main one used today being the highway Ronda Toledo. The arrival of the statue to the city finalizes the celebration of la Virgen del Valle. The history of the holiday of el Día del Trabajador – its origin, its prohibition during Francisco Franco’s dictatorship (1936-75), its return to the status of national holiday – in Toledo is similar to the rest of Spain, but part of the way in which the day is celebrated has a distinct characteristic. Since 1892, the", "title": "Labor Day in Toledo, Spain" }, { "id": "3918244", "text": "In early colonial history, labor unions were routinely suppressed by the government. Recorded instances include cart drivers being fined for striking in 1677 in New York City, and carpenters prosecuted as criminals for striking in Savannah, Georgia in 1746. After the American Revolution, however, courts departed from repressive elements of English common law. The first reported case, \"Commonwealth v Pullis\" in 1806 did find shoemakers in Philadelphia guilty of \"a combination to raise their wages\". Nevertheless, unions continued, and the first federation of trade unions was formed in 1834, the National Trades' Union, with the primary aim of a 10-hour", "title": "United States labor law" }, { "id": "5381993", "text": "Due to the rapid increase in population caused by the gold rushes, many buildings were being constructed, so skilled labour was scarce. Stonemasons working on the Holy Trinity Church and the Mariners' Church (an evangelical mission to seafarers), decided not to wait and pre-emptively went on strike, thus winning the eight-hour day. They celebrated with a victory dinner on 1 October 1855 which to this day is celebrated as a Labour Day holiday in the state of New South Wales. When the six-month ultimatum expired in February 1856, stonemasons generally agitated for a reduction of hours. Although opposed by employers,", "title": "Eight-hour day" }, { "id": "17283435", "text": "to replace the May holiday with one on April 24 commemorating the 1916 Rising; in fact the proposal was for an extra holiday. The first May Day celebration in Italy took place in 1890. It started initially as an attempt to celebrate workers' achievements in their struggle for their rights and for better social and economic conditions. It was abolished under the Fascist regime and immediately restored after the Second World War. (During the fascist period, a \"Holiday of the Italian Labour\" () was celebrated on 21 April, the date of , when ancient Rome was allegedly founded.) May Day", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "5285674", "text": "and Queries\" in 1879. In 1908, the first five-day workweek in the United States was instituted by a New England cotton mill so that Jewish workers would not have to work on the Sabbath from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. In 1926, Henry Ford began shutting down his automotive factories for all of Saturday and Sunday. In 1929, the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Union was the first union to demand and receive a five-day workweek. The rest of the United States slowly followed, but it was not until 1940, when a provision of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act", "title": "Workweek and weekend" }, { "id": "17247099", "text": "the test through the economic recession. Labour Day (Singapore) In Singapore, May Day (or Labour Day) is celebrated on the 1st of May each year as a mark of solidarity amongst workers. The celebration of May Day as a public holiday began only in 1960 after the People's Action Party came into power. Before then, only workers defined as such under the Labour Ordinance 1955 and those defined as industrial clerks under the Clerks Employment Ordinance 1957 were given paid holidays. May Day is a day of special significance for organised workers, as it serves to remind others what their", "title": "Labour Day (Singapore)" }, { "id": "17283384", "text": "Catholic Church dedicated 1 May to \"Saint Joseph the Worker\". Saint Joseph is the patron saint of workers and craftsmen, among others. During the Cold War, May Day became the occasion for large military parades in Red Square by the Soviet Union and attended by the top leaders of the Kremlin, especially the Politburo, atop Lenin's Mausoleum. It became an enduring symbol of that period. Today, the majority of countries around the world celebrate a workers' day on 1 May. In Algeria, 1 May is a public holiday. 1 May is celebrated in Algeria as Labour Day and has been", "title": "International Workers' Day" }, { "id": "1477778", "text": "discrimination in federal and state law. The campaign for a federal holiday in King's honor began soon after his assassination in 1968. President Ronald Reagan signed the holiday into law in 1983, and it was first observed three years later. At first, some states resisted observing the holiday as such, giving it alternative names or combining it with other holidays. It was officially observed in all 50 states for the first time in 2000. The idea of Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a holiday was promoted by labor unions in contract negotiations. After King's death, U.S. Representative John Conyers", "title": "Martin Luther King Jr. Day" }, { "id": "20241765", "text": "an international manifestation day, and in order to participate both groups would have to rethink their celebrations. With the intention of participating without breaking the law, the socialists decided to focus on fighting for labor laws and rights in celebrations that did not mention social revolutions, reiterating the importance of pacifism. Faced with the inability to protest and seek a revolution, from then on anarchists loss interest in participating in Primero de Mayo. Even though el Día del Trabajador originated in 1889 in Spain, it was not declared an official holiday until 1931 with the beginning of the Second Republic.", "title": "Labor Day in Spain" }, { "id": "20241772", "text": "the Spanish State. A notable major Primero de Mayo organization outside of Spain was in 1954 Marseille, France, organized by the Spanish Socialist Worker’s Party in protest of Franco’s regimen. It was also common that exiled Spaniards incorporate themselves into labor manifestations where they were, holding their own banners in protests in countries like Mexico and France. After the death of Franco in 1975 and the transition to democracy, Primero de Mayo was celebrated a bit more freely, although still not a recognized holiday. Even before officially recognized again, however, the lack of an authoritarian entity continuously repressing the working", "title": "Labor Day in Spain" } ]

[ "S" ]

[ { "id": "9812", "text": "Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\". The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast,", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9881", "text": "coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter. Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the \"Old World\" from the \"New World\". The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "12774074", "text": "that covers and encircles most of Earth. If viewed from the southern pole of Earth, the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans can be seen as lobes extending northward from the Southern Ocean. Farther north, the Atlantic opens into the Arctic Ocean, which is connected to the Pacific by the Bering Strait, forming a continuous expanse of water. Plate tectonics, post-glacial rebound, and sea level rise continually change the coastline and structure of the world ocean. World Ocean The World Ocean or Global Ocean (colloquially the sea or the ocean) is the interconnected system of Earth's oceanic waters, and comprises the", "title": "World Ocean" }, { "id": "9818", "text": "numerous bays, gulfs and seas. These include the Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, part of the Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Labrador Sea, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, almost all of the Scotia Sea, and other tributary water bodies. Including these marginal seas the coast line of the Atlantic measures compared to for the Pacific. Including its marginal seas, the Atlantic covers an area of or 23.5% of the global ocean and has a volume of or 23.3% of the total volume of the earth's oceans. Excluding its marginal seas, the Atlantic covers and", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9815", "text": "this all-encompassing ocean was instead known as Oceanus, the gigantic river that encircled the world; in contrast to the enclosed seas well known to the Greeks: the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. In contrast, the term \"Atlantic\" originally referred specifically to the Atlas Mountains in Morocco and the sea off the Strait of Gibraltar and the North African coast. The Greek word \"thalassa\" has been reused by scientists for the huge Panthalassa ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea hundreds of millions of years ago. The term \"Aethiopian Ocean\", derived from Ancient Ethiopia, was applied to the Southern Atlantic as late", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "6639291", "text": "Atlantic hurricane An Atlantic hurricane or tropical storm is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean, usually between the months of June and November. A hurricane differs from a cyclone or typhoon only on the basis of location. A hurricane is a storm that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and a cyclone occurs in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean. Tropical cyclones can be categorized by intensity. \"Tropical storms\" have one-minute maximum sustained winds of at least 39 mph (34 knots, 17 m/s, 63 km/h), while", "title": "Atlantic hurricane" }, { "id": "9816", "text": "as the mid-19th century. During the Age of Discovery, the Atlantic was also known to English cartographers as the Great Western Ocean. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defined the limits of the oceans and seas in 1953, but some of these definitions have been revised since then and some are not used by various authorities, institutions, and countries, see for example the CIA World Factbook. Correspondingly, the extent and number of oceans and seas varies. The Atlantic Ocean is bounded on the west by North and South America. It connects to the Arctic Ocean through the Denmark Strait, Greenland Sea,", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9819", "text": "has a volume of . The North Atlantic covers (11.5%) and the South Atlantic (11.1%). The average depth is and the maximum depth, the Milwaukee Deep in the Puerto Rico Trench, is . The bathymetry of the Atlantic is dominated by a submarine mountain range called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). It runs from 87°N or south of the North Pole to the subantarctic Bouvet Island at 42°S. The MAR divides the Atlantic longitudinally into two halves, in each of which a series of basins are delimited by secondary, transverse ridges. The MAR reaches above along most of its length, but", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "6639332", "text": "been sped up in modern times due to the Arctic Ocean heating up especially much from fossil fuel-caused global warming. Atlantic hurricane An Atlantic hurricane or tropical storm is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean, usually between the months of June and November. A hurricane differs from a cyclone or typhoon only on the basis of location. A hurricane is a storm that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and a cyclone occurs in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean. Tropical cyclones can be categorized by", "title": "Atlantic hurricane" }, { "id": "9813", "text": "and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and the South Atlantic Ocean at about 8°N. Scientific explorations of the Atlantic include the Challenger expedition, the German Meteor expedition, Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the United States Navy Hydrographic Office. The oldest known mentions of an \"Atlantic\" sea come from Stesichorus around mid-sixth century BC (Sch. A. R. 1. 211): \"Atlantikoi pelágei\" (Greek: Ἀτλαντικῷ πελάγει; English: 'the Atlantic sea'; etym. 'Sea of Atlantis') and in \"The Histories\" of Herodotus", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9817", "text": "Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea. To the east, the boundaries of the ocean proper are Europe: the Strait of Gibraltar (where it connects with the Mediterranean Sea–one of its marginal seas–and, in turn, the Black Sea, both of which also touch upon Asia) and Africa. In the southeast, the Atlantic merges into the Indian Ocean. The 20° East meridian, running south from Cape Agulhas to Antarctica defines its border. In the 1953 definition it extends south to Antarctica, while in later maps it is bounded at the 60° parallel by the Southern Ocean. The Atlantic has irregular coasts indented by", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9833", "text": "variability. It is governed by ocean currents from marginal seas and regional topography, rather than being steered by wind, both in the deep ocean and at sea level. The subpolar gyre forms an important part of the global thermohaline circulation. Its eastern portion includes eddying branches of the North Atlantic Current which transport warm, saline waters from the subtropics to the north-eastern Atlantic. There this water is cooled during winter and forms return currents that merge along the eastern continental slope of Greenland where they form an intense (40–50 Sv) current which flows around the continental margins of the Labrador", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9825", "text": "mean depth between 60°N and 60°S is , or close to the average for the global ocean, with a modal depth between . In the South Atlantic the Walvis Ridge and Rio Grande Rise form barriers to ocean currents. The Laurentian Abyss is found off the eastern coast of Canada. Surface water temperatures, which vary with latitude, current systems, and season and reflect the latitudinal distribution of solar energy, range from below to over . Maximum temperatures occur north of the equator, and minimum values are found in the polar regions. In the middle latitudes, the area of maximum temperature", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9845", "text": "Iapetus Ocean, and spread from the Central Atlantic in six stages: Iberia–Newfoundland, Porcupine–North America, Eurasia–Greenland, Eurasia–North America. Active and inactive spreading systems in this area are marked by the interaction with the Iceland hotspot. West Gondwana (South America and Africa) broke up in the Early Cretaceous to form the South Atlantic. The apparent fit between the coastlines of the two continents was noted on the first maps that included the South Atlantic and it was also the subject of the first computer-assisted plate tectonic reconstructions in 1965. This magnificent fit, however, has since then proven problematic and later reconstructions have", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "12323989", "text": "Ocean An ocean () is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans. The word \"ocean\" is often used interchangeably with \"sea\" in American English. Strictly speaking, a \"sea\" is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land, though \"the sea\" refers also to the oceans. Saline water covers approximately and is customarily divided into", "title": "Ocean" }, { "id": "9830", "text": "number of contributions from a wide range of sources: Labrador Sea, Norwegian-Greenland Sea, Mediterranean, and South Atlantic Intermediate Water. The North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is a complex of four water masses, two that form by deep convection in the open ocean — Classical and Upper Labrador Sea Water — and two that form from the inflow of dense water across the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland sill — Denmark Strait and Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water. Along its path across Earth the composition of the NADW is affected by other water masses, especially Antarctic Bottom Water and Mediterranean Overflow Water. The NADW is fed by", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9826", "text": "variations, values may vary by . From October to June the surface is usually covered with sea ice in the Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea. The Coriolis effect circulates North Atlantic water in a clockwise direction, whereas South Atlantic water circulates counter-clockwise. The south tides in the Atlantic Ocean are semi-diurnal; that is, two high tides occur during each 24 lunar hours. In latitudes above 40° North some east-west oscillation, known as the North Atlantic oscillation, occurs. On average, the Atlantic is the saltiest major ocean; surface water salinity in the open ocean ranges from 33 to 37", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9839", "text": "to store and release heat, maritime climates are more moderate and have less extreme seasonal variations than inland climates. Precipitation can be approximated from coastal weather data and air temperature from water temperatures. The oceans are the major source of the atmospheric moisture that is obtained through evaporation. Climatic zones vary with latitude; the warmest zones stretch across the Atlantic north of the equator. The coldest zones are in high latitudes, with the coldest regions corresponding to the areas covered by sea ice. Ocean currents influence climate by transporting warm and cold waters to other regions. The winds that are", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9823", "text": "South America, and north-eastern Europe. In the western Atlantic carbonate platforms dominate large areas, for example the Blake Plateau and Bermuda Rise. The Atlantic is surrounded by passive margins except at a few locations where active margins form deep trenches: the Puerto Rico Trench ( maximum depth) in the western Pacific and South Sandwich Trench () in the South Atlantic. There are numerous submarine canyons off north-eastern North America, western Europe, and north-western Africa. Some of these canyons extend along the continental rises and farther into the abyssal plains as deep-sea channels. In 1922 a historic moment in cartography and", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "312076", "text": "width at about 5°N latitude, where it stretches approximately from Indonesia to the coast of Colombia—halfway around the world, and more than five times the diameter of the Moon. The lowest known point on Earth—the Mariana Trench—lies below sea level. Its average depth is , putting the total water volume at roughly . Due to the effects of plate tectonics, the Pacific Ocean is currently shrinking by roughly per year on three sides, roughly averaging a year. By contrast, the Atlantic Ocean is increasing in size. Along the Pacific Ocean's irregular western margins lie many seas, the largest of which", "title": "Pacific Ocean" }, { "id": "9824", "text": "oceanography occurred. The USS Stewart used a Navy Sonic Depth Finder to draw a continuous map across the bed of the Atlantic. This involved little guesswork because the idea of sonar is straight forward with pulses being sent from the vessel, which bounce off the ocean floor, then return to the vessel. The deep ocean floor is thought to be fairly flat with occasional deeps, abyssal plains, trenches, seamounts, basins, plateaus, canyons, and some guyots. Various shelves along the margins of the continents constitute about 11% of the bottom topography with few deep channels cut across the continental rise. The", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "17384240", "text": ". The Pacific Ocean developed from the Panthalassa, a vast global ocean, following the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea in the Mesozoic Era, gradually forming Gondwana and Laurasia, which in turn divided. There is no firm date for when the changeover occurred, as the replacement of the sea bed is a continuous process, though reconstruction maps often change the name from Panthalassic to Pacific around the time the Atlantic Ocean began to open. The Panthalassic Ocean first opened around 750 million years ago at the breakup of Rodinia, but the oldest Pacific Ocean floor is only around 180 Ma old.", "title": "Geology of the Pacific Ocean" }, { "id": "9827", "text": "parts per thousand (3.3 – 3.7%) by mass and varies with latitude and season. Evaporation, precipitation, river inflow and sea ice melting influence surface salinity values. Although the lowest salinity values are just north of the equator (because of heavy tropical rainfall), in general the lowest values are in the high latitudes and along coasts where large rivers enter. Maximum salinity values occur at about 25° north and south, in subtropical regions with low rainfall and high evaporation. The high surface salinity in the Atlantic, on which the Atlantic thermohaline circulation is dependent, is maintained by two processes: the Agulhas", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9844", "text": "isthmus resulted in the migration and extinction of many land-living animals, known as the Great American Interchange, but the closure of the seaway resulted in a \"Great American Schism\" as it affected ocean currents, salinity, and temperatures in both the Atlantic and Pacific. Marine organisms on both sides of the isthmus became isolated and either diverged or went extinct. Geologically the Northern Atlantic is the area delimited to the south by two conjugate margins, Newfoundland and Iberia, and to the north by the Arctic Eurasian Basin. The opening of the Northern Atlantic closely followed the margins of its predecessor, the", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9821", "text": "The depth of water at the apex of the ridge is less than in most places, while the bottom of the ridge is three times as deep. The MAR is intersected by two perpendicular ridges: the Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault, the boundary between the Nubian and Eurasian plates, intersects the MAR at the Azores Triple Junction, on either side of the Azores microplate, near the 40°N. A much vaguer, nameless boundary, between the North American and South American plates, intersects the MAR near or just north of the Fifteen-Twenty Fracture Zone, approximately at 16°N. In the 1870s, the Challenger expedition discovered", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "12774072", "text": "World Ocean The World Ocean or Global Ocean (colloquially the sea or the ocean) is the interconnected system of Earth's oceanic waters, and comprises the bulk of the hydrosphere, covering (70.8%) of Earth's surface, with a total volume of roughly . The unity and continuity of the World Ocean, with relatively free interchange among its parts, is of fundamental importance to oceanography. It is divided into a number of principal oceanic areas that are delimited by the continents and various oceanographic features: these divisions are the Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean (sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic), Indian Ocean, Pacific", "title": "World Ocean" }, { "id": "9846", "text": "introduced various deformation zones along the shorelines to accommodate the northward-propagating break-up. Intra-continental rifts and deformations have also been introduced to subdivide both continental plates into sub-plates. Geologically the South Atlantic can be divided into four segments: Equatorial segment, from 10°N to the Romanche Fracture Zone (RFZ);; Central segment, from RFZ to Florianopolis Fracture Zone (FFZ, north of Walvis Ridge and Rio Grande Rise); Southern segment, from FFZ to the Agulhas-Falkland Fracture Zone (AFFZ); and Falkland segment, south of AFFZ. In the southern segment the Early Cretaceous (133–130 Ma) intensive magmatism of the Paraná–Etendeka Large Igneous Province produced by the", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "111451", "text": "to the formation of Pangea. Around 190 million years ago, Gondwana and Laurasia split apart due to the widening of the Atlantic Ocean. Finally, and very soon afterwards, Laurasia itself split up again, into Laurentia (North America) and the Eurasian continent. The land connection between the two persisted for a considerable time, via Greenland, leading to interchange of animal species. From around 50 million years ago, rising and falling sea levels have determined the actual shape of Europe, and its connections with continents such as Asia. Europe's present shape dates to the late Tertiary period about five million years ago.", "title": "Europe" }, { "id": "9828", "text": "Leakage/Rings, which brings salty Indian Ocean waters into the South Atlantic, and the \"Atmospheric Bridge\", which evaporates subtropical Atlantic waters and exports it to the Pacific. The Atlantic Ocean consists of four major, upper water masses with distinct temperature and salinity. The Atlantic Subarctic Upper Water in the northern-most North Atlantic is the source for Subarctic Intermediate Water and North Atlantic Intermediate Water. North Atlantic Central Water can be divided into the Eastern and Western North Atlantic central Water since the western part is strongly affected by the Gulf Stream and therefore the upper layer is closer to underlying fresher", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9831", "text": "a flow of warm shallow water into the northern North Atlantic which is responsible for the anomalous warm climate in Europe. Changes in the formation of NADW have been linked to global climate changes in the past. Since man-made substances were introduced into the environment, the path of the NADW can be traced throughout its course by measuring tritium and radiocarbon from nuclear weapon tests in the 1960s and CFCs. The clockwise warm-water North Atlantic Gyre occupies the northern Atlantic, and the counter-clockwise warm-water South Atlantic Gyre appears in the southern Atlantic. In the North Atlantic, surface circulation is dominated", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "4447688", "text": "Isthmus of Panama The Isthmus of Panama (), also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien (), is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America. It contains the country of Panama and the Panama Canal. Like many isthmuses, it is a location of great strategic value. The isthmus formed around 2.8 million years ago. This major geological event separated the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and caused the creation of the Gulf Stream. This was first suggested in 1910 by North American paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn. He based", "title": "Isthmus of Panama" }, { "id": "9834", "text": "Sea. A third of this water become parts of the deep portion of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). The NADW, in its turn, feed the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), the northward heat transport of which is threatened by anthropogenic climate change. Large variations in the subpolar gyre on a decade-century scale, associated with the North Atlantic oscillation, are especially pronounced in Labrador Sea Water, the upper layers of the MOC. The South Atlantic is dominated by the anti-cyclonic southern subtropical gyre. The South Atlantic Central Water originates in this gyre, while Antarctic Intermediate Water originates in the upper layers", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9781774", "text": "Laurentian fan The Laurentian fan or abyss is an underwater depression off the eastern coast of Canada in the Atlantic Ocean. Not a trench, but more of an \"underwater valley\", it is estimated to be at most ~19,685 feet (3.7 miles; 6.0 km) in depth. The Laurentian fan is a product of glaciation and water currents from the Saint Lawrence River. It is part of the Laurentian cone region, bound by the Laurentian Channel and the Sohm Abyssal Plain. The fan is the site of hydrothermal vents with their own sub ecosystems independent of sunlight. The approximate coordinates are .", "title": "Laurentian fan" }, { "id": "9781773", "text": "Laurentian fan The Laurentian fan or abyss is an underwater depression off the eastern coast of Canada in the Atlantic Ocean. Not a trench, but more of an \"underwater valley\", it is estimated to be at most ~19,685 feet (3.7 miles; 6.0 km) in depth. The Laurentian fan is a product of glaciation and water currents from the Saint Lawrence River. It is part of the Laurentian cone region, bound by the Laurentian Channel and the Sohm Abyssal Plain. The fan is the site of hydrothermal vents with their own sub ecosystems independent of sunlight. The approximate coordinates are .", "title": "Laurentian fan" }, { "id": "12323860", "text": "the Earth's oceanic waters, including the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern and Arctic Oceans. However, the word \"sea\" can also be used for many specific, much smaller bodies of seawater, such as the North Sea or the Red Sea. There is no sharp distinction between seas and oceans, though generally seas are smaller, and are often partly (as marginal seas) or wholly (as inland seas) bordered by land. However, the Sargasso Sea has no coastline and lies within a circular current, the North Atlantic Gyre. Seas are generally larger than lakes and contain salt water, but the Sea of Galilee is", "title": "Sea" }, { "id": "12774220", "text": "the ocean, depicting it (if at all) in a typeface different from the other world oceans; instead, it shows the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans extending to Antarctica on both its print and online maps. Map publishers using the term Southern Ocean on their maps include Hema Maps and GeoNova. \"Southern Ocean\" is an obsolete name for the Pacific Ocean or South Pacific, coined by Vasco Núñez de Balboa, the first European to discover it, who approached it from the north. The \"South Seas\" is a less archaic synonym. A 1745 British Act of Parliament established a prize for discovering", "title": "Southern Ocean" }, { "id": "3747721", "text": "older oceanic lithosphere, so oceanic crust is seldom more than 200 million years old. The process of super-continent formation and destruction via repeated cycles of creation and destruction of oceanic crust is known as the Wilson cycle. The oldest large scale oceanic crust is in the west Pacific and north-west Atlantic - both are about up to 180-200 million years old. However, parts of the eastern Mediterranean Sea are remnants of the much older Tethys ocean, at about 270 and up to 340 million years old. The oceanic crust displays a pattern of magnetic lines, parallel to the ocean ridges,", "title": "Oceanic crust" }, { "id": "7349657", "text": "Superocean A superocean is an ocean that surrounds a supercontinent. It is less commonly defined as any ocean larger than the current Pacific Ocean. Named global superoceans include Mirovia, which surrounded the supercontinent Rodinia, and Panthalassa, which surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea. Pannotia and Columbia, along with landmasses before Columbia (such as Ur and Kenorland), were also surrounded by superoceans. As surface water moves unobstructed east to west in superoceans, it tends to warm from the exposure to sunlight so that the western edge of the ocean is warmer than the eastern. Additionally, seasonal changes in temperature, which would have been", "title": "Superocean" }, { "id": "6639294", "text": "the North Atlantic Ocean for tropical cyclones in the South Atlantic Ocean and assign names to those which reach . Tropical cyclones are steered by the surrounding flow throughout the depth of the troposphere (the atmosphere from the surface to about eight miles (12 km) high). Neil Frank, former director of the United States National Hurricane Center, used the analogies such as \"a leaf carried along in a stream\" or a \"brick moving through a river of air\" to describe the way atmospheric flow affects the path of a hurricane across the ocean. Specifically, air flow around high pressure systems", "title": "Atlantic hurricane" }, { "id": "3491207", "text": "Atlantica Atlantica (; \"Atlantika\") is an ancient continent that formed during the Proterozoic about (two billion years ago, Ga) from various 2 Ga cratons located in what is now West Africa and eastern South America. The name, introduced by , was chosen because the continent opened up to form the South Atlantic Ocean. Atlantica formed simultaneously with Nena at about 1.9 Ga from Archaean cratons, including Amazonia in present-day South America, and the Congo, West Africa and North Africa Cratons in Africa. Atlantica separated from Nena between 1.6–1.4 Ga when Columbia — a supercontinent composed of Ur, Nena, and Atlantica", "title": "Atlantica" }, { "id": "9822", "text": "parts of what is now known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, or: Most of the MAR runs under water but where it reaches the surfaces it has produced volcanic islands. While nine of these have collectively been nominated a World Heritage Site for their geological value, four of them are considered of \"Outstanding Universal Value\" based on their cultural and natural criteria: Þingvellir, Iceland; Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture, Portugal; Gough and Inaccessible Islands, United Kingdom; and Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves, Brazil. Continental shelves in the Atlantic are wide off Newfoundland, southern-most", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "312090", "text": "the stormy and cloudy conditions associated with extratropical cyclones riding the jet stream, it is usual to refer to the Westerlies as the Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties and Shrieking Sixties according to the varying degrees of latitude. The ocean was first mapped by Abraham Ortelius; he called it Maris Pacifici following Ferdinand Magellan's description of it as \"a pacific sea\" during his circumnavigation from 1519 to 1522. To Magellan, it seemed much more calm (pacific) than the Atlantic. The andesite line is the most significant regional distinction in the Pacific. A petrologic boundary, it separates the deeper, mafic igneous rock", "title": "Pacific Ocean" }, { "id": "17717914", "text": "the ship remained the same. However, with the addition of passenger decks, her gross tonnage increased to 14,138. She was renamed SS \"Atlantic\". The conversion successfully masked the ship’s origins as a freighter, and gave her a modern, well-proportioned, though slightly-boxy profile. Overall, her appearance was in keeping with other passenger vessels designed and built in the late 1950s and early 1960s. She sported a black hull with a white strip at the base of the superstructure, the lower deck of which retained the black coloration of the hull. Her upper superstructure was white and was topped by a squat", "title": "SS Atlantic (1953)" }, { "id": "3043358", "text": "masses that would at a much later time roughly form the opposite shores of the Atlantic Ocean, it can be seen as a sort of precursor of the Atlantic. The Iapetus Ocean was therefore named for the titan Iapetus, who in Greek mythology was the father of Atlas, after whom the Atlantic Ocean was named. At the start of the 20th century, American paleontologist Charles Walcott noticed differences in early Paleozoic benthic trilobites of Laurentia (such as Olenellidae, the so-called \"Pacific fauna\"), as found in Scotland and western Newfoundland and those of Baltica (such as Paradoxididae, often called the \"Atlantic", "title": "Iapetus Ocean" }, { "id": "12909153", "text": "Gulf of Mexico The Gulf of Mexico () is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the \"Third Coast\", in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "id": "9854", "text": "had to abandon their initial settlements along the European North Atlantic coast and retreat to the Mediterranean. Following rapid climate changes at the end of the LGM this region was repopulated by Magdalenian culture. Other hunter-gatherers followed in waves interrupted by large-scale hazards such as the Laacher See volcanic eruption, the inundation of Doggerland (now the North Sea), and the formation of the Baltic Sea. The European coasts of the North Atlantic were permanently populated about 9–8.5 thousand years ago. This human dispersal left abundant traces along the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. 50 ka-old, deeply stratified shell middens found", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9848", "text": "began with dextral movements between the Patagonia and Colorado sub-plates between the Early Jurassic (190 Ma) and the Early Cretaceous (126.7 Ma). Around 150 Ma sea-floor spreading propagated northward into the southern segment. No later than 130 Ma rifting had reached the Walvis Ridge–Rio Grande Rise. In the central segment rifting started to break Africa in two by opening the Benue Trough around 118 Ma. Rifting in the central segment, however, coincided with the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (also known as the Cretaceous quiet period), a 40 Ma period without magnetic reversals, which makes it difficult to date sea-floor spreading in", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9832", "text": "by three inter-connected currents: the Gulf Stream which flows north-east from the North American coast at Cape Hatteras; the North Atlantic Current, a branch of the Gulf Stream which flows northward from the Grand Banks; and the Subpolar Front, an extension of the North Atlantic Current, a wide, vaguely defined region separating the subtropical gyre from the subpolar gyre. This system of currents transport warm water into the North Atlantic, without which temperatures in the North Atlantic and Europe would plunge dramatically. North of the North Atlantic Gyre, the cyclonic North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre plays a key role in climate", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9835", "text": "of the circumpolar region, near the Drake Passage and Falkland Islands. Both these currents receive some contribution from the Indian Ocean. On the African east coast the small cyclonic Angola Gyre lies embedded in the large subtropical gyre. The southern subtropical gyre is partly masked by a wind-induced Ekman layer. The residence time of the gyre is 4.4–8.5 years. North Atlantic Deep Water flows southerward below the thermocline of the subtropical gyre. The Sargasso Sea in the western North Atlantic can be defined as the area where two species of \"Sargassum\" (\"S. fluitans\" and \"natans\") float, an area wide and", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "12324022", "text": "smoothly into oceans of supercritical hydrogen. The atmosphere of Venus is 96.5% carbon dioxide, which is a supercritical fluid at its surface. On other bodies: Ocean An ocean () is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans. The word \"ocean\" is often used interchangeably with \"sea\" in American English. Strictly speaking, a \"sea\" is a body of saline water (generally a division of the", "title": "Ocean" }, { "id": "9840", "text": "cooled or warmed when blowing over these currents influence adjacent land areas. The Gulf Stream and its northern extension towards Europe, the North Atlantic Drift is thought to have at least some influence on climate. For example, the Gulf Stream helps moderate winter temperatures along the coastline of southeastern North America, keeping it warmer in winter along the coast than inland areas. The Gulf Stream also keeps extreme temperatures from occurring on the Florida Peninsula. In the higher latitudes, the North Atlantic Drift, warms the atmosphere over the oceans, keeping the British Isles and north-western Europe mild and cloudy, and", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9814", "text": "around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): \"Atlantis thalassa\" (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα; English: 'Sea of Atlantis' or 'the Atlantis sea') where the name refers to \"the sea beyond the pillars of Heracles\" which is said to be part of the sea that surrounds all land. Thus, on one hand, the name refers to Atlas, the Titan in Greek mythology, who supported the heavens and who later appeared as a frontispiece in Medieval maps and also lent his name to modern atlases. On the other hand, to early Greek sailors and in Ancient Greek mythological literature such as the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\",", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9852", "text": "of modern humans — probably fewer than a thousand reproducing individuals — survived glacial maxima by exploring the high diversity offered by these Palaeo-Agulhas plains. The GCFR is delimited to the north by the Cape Fold Belt and the limited space south of it resulted in the development of social networks out of which complex Stone Age technologies emerged. Human history thus begins on the coasts of South Africa where the Atlantic Benguela Upwelling and Indian Ocean Agulhas Current meet to produce an intertidal zone on which shellfish, fur seal, fish and sea birds provided the necessary protein sources. The", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "12774216", "text": "Southern Ocean The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. As such, it is regarded as the fourth-largest of the five principal oceanic divisions: smaller than the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans but larger than the Arctic Ocean. This ocean zone is where cold, northward flowing waters from the Antarctic mix with warmer subantarctic waters. By way of his voyages in the 1770s, Captain James Cook proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the", "title": "Southern Ocean" }, { "id": "14455957", "text": "for the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, and the lowest for that of the Ionian Sea. This is possible evidence that the map is of genoese origin, since Genoa, at this time, was a major power in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Additionally, the first textual reference to the use of such a detailed maritime chart, in 1270, is in relation to a Genoese ship. The inaccuracy of the Atlantic part of the \"Carta Pisana\", especially when compared to its Mediterranean part, can be exemplified by its depiction of Great Britain: an irregular, rectangular shape, lying on an east–west axis. Only six", "title": "Carta Pisana" }, { "id": "9850", "text": "Ma a deeper seaway developed, followed by an Eocene–Oligocene climatic deterioration and the growth of the Antarctic ice sheet. An embryonic subduction margin is potentially developing west of Gibraltar. The Gibraltar Arc in the western Mediterranean is migrating westward into the Central Atlantic where it joins the converging African and Eurasian plates. Together these three tectonic forces are slowly developing into a new subduction system in the eastern Atlantic Basin. Meanwhile, the Scotia Arc and Caribbean Plate in the western Atlantic Basin are eastward-propagating subduction systems that might, together with the Gibraltar system, represent the beginning of the closure of", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "6639302", "text": "near the Intertropical convergence zone from tropical waves. The Coriolis force is usually too weak to initiate sufficient rotation near the equator. Storms frequently form in the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and the tropical Atlantic Ocean as far east as the Cape Verde Islands, the origin of strong and long-lasting Cape Verde-type hurricanes. Systems may also strengthen over the Gulf Stream off the coast of the eastern United States, wherever water temperatures exceed . Although most storms are found within tropical latitudes, occasionally storms will form further north and east from disturbances other than", "title": "Atlantic hurricane" }, { "id": "9843", "text": "Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP), one of the most extensive and voluminous large igneous provinces in Earth's history associated with the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, one of Earth's major extinction events. Theoliitic dikes, sills, and lava flows from the CAMP eruption at 200 Ma have been found in West Africa, eastern North America, and northern South America. The extent of the volcanism has been estimated to of which covered what is now northern and central Brazil. The formation of the Central American Isthmus closed the Central American Seaway at the end of the Pliocene 2.8 Ma ago. The formation of the", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9849", "text": "this segment. The equatorial segment is the last phase of the break-up, but, because it is located on the Equator, magnetic anomalies cannot be used for dating. Various estimates date the propagation of sea-floor spreading in this segment to the period 120–96 Ma. This final stage, nevertheless, coincided with or resulted in the end of continental extension in Africa. About 50 Ma the opening of the Drake Passage resulted from a change in the motions and separation rate of the South American and Antarctic plates. First small ocean basins opened and a shallow gateway appeared during the Middle Eocene. 34–30", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "312062", "text": "Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east. At in area (as defined with an Antarctic southern border), this largest division of the World Ocean—and, in turn, the hydrosphere—covers about 46% of Earth's water surface and about one-third of its total surface area, making it larger than all of Earth's land area combined. The centers of", "title": "Pacific Ocean" }, { "id": "289896", "text": "importance to oceanography. The major oceanic divisions are defined in part by the continents, various archipelagos, and other criteria: these divisions are (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean. Smaller regions of the oceans are called seas, gulfs, bays and other names. There are also salt lakes, which are smaller bodies of landlocked saltwater that are not interconnected with the World Ocean. Two notable examples of salt lakes are the Aral Sea and the Great Salt Lake. A lake (from Latin \"lacus\") is a terrain feature", "title": "Nature" }, { "id": "12363200", "text": "the Quaternary glaciation, the Arctic Ocean is contained in a polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges. Winters are characterized by the polar night, extreme cold, frequent low-level temperature inversions, and stable weather conditions. Cyclones are only common on the Atlantic side. Summers are characterized by continuous daylight (midnight sun), and temperatures can rise above the melting point (. Cyclones are more frequent in summer and may bring rain or snow. It is cloudy year-round, with mean cloud cover ranging from 60% in winter to over 80% in summer. The temperature of the surface of", "title": "Arctic Ocean" }, { "id": "8090049", "text": "Although his work was dedicated to the story of long struggle of the Greeks with the Persian Empire, Herodotus also included everything he knew about the geography, history, and peoples of the world. Thus, his work provides a detailed picture of the known world of the 5th century BC. Herodotus rejected the prevailing view of most 5th-century BC maps that the earth is a circular plate surrounded by Ocean. In his work he describes the earth as an irregular shape with oceans surrounding only Asia and Africa. He introduces names such as the Atlantic Sea and the Erythrean Sea. He", "title": "History of cartography" }, { "id": "6639295", "text": "and toward low pressure areas influences hurricane tracks. In the tropical latitudes, tropical storms and hurricanes generally move westward with a slight tendency toward the north, under the influence of the \"subtropical ridge\", a high pressure system that usually extends east-west across the subtropics. South of the subtropical ridge, surface easterly winds (blowing from east to west) prevail. If the subtropical ridge is weakened by an upper trough, a tropical cyclone may turn poleward and then \"recurve\", or curve back toward the northeast into the main belt of the Westerlies. Poleward (north) of the subtropical ridge, westerly winds prevail and", "title": "Atlantic hurricane" }, { "id": "1274014", "text": "Isthmus An isthmus ( or ; plural: isthmuses; from ) is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water by which they are otherwise separated. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar, and a strait is the sea counterpart of an isthmus. Canals are often built across isthmuses, where they may be a particularly advantageous shortcut for marine transport. For example, the Panama Canal crosses the Isthmus of Panama, connecting the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; the Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, cutting across", "title": "Isthmus" }, { "id": "11787465", "text": "Bouvet Triple Junction The Bouvet Triple Junction is a geologic triple junction of three tectonic plates located on the seafloor of the South Atlantic Ocean. It is named after Bouvet Island, which lies 275 kilometers to the east. The three plates which meet here are the South American Plate, the African Plate, and the Antarctic Plate. The Bouvet Triple Junction is an R-R-R type, that is, the three plate boundaries which meet here are mid-ocean ridges: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), and the South American-Antarctic Ridge (SAAR). There are two prominent transform valleys in the area:", "title": "Bouvet Triple Junction" }, { "id": "10478302", "text": "The Ocean (U2 song) \"The Ocean\" is a song by U2 and the seventh track from their debut album, \"Boy\". The song is one of U2's shortest, at just over a minute and a half in length. \"The Ocean\" runs for 1:34. It is played in common time at a tempo of 85 bpm. The song is played in the key of E♭. The Edge uses a soft guitar delay of 10 ms at 4–5 repeats. Adam Clayton's bass line is one of the most notable elements of the song. The instrumentation of the song attempts to emulate the sound", "title": "The Ocean (U2 song)" }, { "id": "1293904", "text": "Mid-Atlantic Rise, which is a progressive bulge that runs the length of the Atlantic Ocean, with the ridge resting on the highest point of this linear bulge. This bulge is thought to be caused by upward convective forces in the asthenosphere pushing the oceanic crust and lithosphere. This divergent boundary first formed in the Triassic period, when a series of three-armed grabens coalesced on the supercontinent Pangaea to form the ridge. Usually, only two arms of any given three-armed graben become part of a divergent plate boundary. The failed arms are called \"aulacogens\", and the aulacogens of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge", "title": "Mid-Atlantic Ridge" }, { "id": "9820", "text": "is interrupted by larger transform faults at two places: the Romanche Trench near the Equator and the Gibbs Fracture Zone at 53°N. The MAR is a barrier for bottom water, but at these two transform faults deep water currents can pass from one side to the other. The MAR rises above the surrounding ocean floor and its rift valley is the divergent boundary between the North American and Eurasian plates in the North Atlantic and the South American and African plates in the South Atlantic. The MAR produces basaltic volcanoes in Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland, and pillow lava on the ocean floor.", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9358392", "text": "to leave her husband and after the boats are gone all the passengers gather on the deck and sing \"Nearer, My God, to Thee\" as the \"Atlantic\" sinks into the ocean. The final scenes depict a group of passengers saying the Lord's Prayer in a flooding lounge. The movie was filmed aboard the White Star Line ship RMS \"Majestic\". The film was originally made as \"Titanic\" but after lawsuits it was renamed \"Atlantic\". The White Star Line, which owned the RMS \"Titanic\", was still in operation at the time; and nevertheless had owned a major liner called which was lost", "title": "Atlantic (film)" }, { "id": "12363174", "text": "Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it a mediterranean sea or an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. It is also seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing World Ocean. Located mostly in the Arctic north polar region in the middle of the Northern Hemisphere, the Arctic Ocean is almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America. It is partly covered by sea ice throughout", "title": "Arctic Ocean" }, { "id": "9841", "text": "not severely cold in winter like other locations at the same high latitude. The cold water currents contribute to heavy fog off the coast of eastern Canada (the Grand Banks of Newfoundland area) and Africa's north-western coast. In general, winds transport moisture and air over land areas. Icebergs are common from early February to the end of July across the shipping lanes near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. The ice season is longer in the polar regions, but there is little shipping in those areas. Hurricanes are hazard in the western parts of the North Atlantic during the summer and", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "6255623", "text": "Atlantic hurricane season The Atlantic hurricane season is the period in a year when hurricanes usually form in the Atlantic Ocean. Tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic are called hurricanes, tropical storms, or tropical depressions. In addition, there have been several storms over the years that have not been fully tropical and are categorized as subtropical depressions and subtropical storms. Even though subtropical storms and subtropical depressions are not technically as strong as tropical cyclones, the damages can still be devastating. Worldwide, tropical cyclone activity peaks in late summer, when the difference between temperatures aloft and sea surface temperatures is", "title": "Atlantic hurricane season" }, { "id": "9842", "text": "autumn. Due to a consistently strong wind shear and a weak Intertropical Convergence Zone, they are practically unknown in the South Atlantic. The break-up of Pangaea began in the Central Atlantic, between North America and Northwest Africa, where rift basins opened during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. This period also saw the first stages of the uplift of the Atlas Mountains. The exact timing is controversial with estimates ranging from 200 to 170 Ma. The opening of the Atlantic Ocean coincided with the initial break-up of the supercontinent Pangaea, both of which were initiated by the eruption of the", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "1293905", "text": "eventually became many of the large river valleys seen along the Americas and Africa (including the Mississippi River, Amazon River and Niger River). The Fundy Basin on the Atlantic coast of North America between New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in Canada is evidence of the ancestral Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Mid-Atlantic Ridge The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is a mid-ocean ridge, a divergent tectonic plate or constructive plate boundary located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. In the North Atlantic it separates the Eurasian and North American plates, and in the South", "title": "Mid-Atlantic Ridge" }, { "id": "11756540", "text": "separating the Tores and Horseshoe abyssal plains. The active compressional deformation in this segment is an extremely rare example of compression between two oceanic litospheres. The Atlantic Ocean is surrounded by passive margins with the exception of three subduction zones: the Lesser Antilles Arc in the Caribbean, the Scotia Arc in the South Atlantic, and the Gibraltar Arc in the western Mediterranean. The Gibraltar Arc is propagating westward into the Atlantic over an east-dipping oceanic slab (one of the remainders of the Tethys Ocean). This subduction/back-arc basin system is developing in front of the Alboran Block (under the Alboran Sea)", "title": "Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault" }, { "id": "10962315", "text": "Tropical Atlantic The Tropical Atlantic realm is one of twelve marine realms that cover the world's coastal seas and continental shelves. The Tropical Atlantic covers both sides of the Atlantic. In the western Atlantic, it extends from Bermuda, southern Florida, and the southern Gulf of Mexico through the Caribbean and along South America's Atlantic coast to Cape Frio in Brazil's Rio de Janeiro state. In the Eastern Atlantic, it extends along the African coast from Cape Blanco in Mauritania to the Tigres Peninsula on the coast of Angola. It also includes the seas around St. Helena and Ascension islands. The", "title": "Tropical Atlantic" }, { "id": "1498118", "text": "Geoid The geoid () is the shape that the ocean surface would take under the influence of the gravity and rotation of Earth alone, if other influences such as winds and tides were absent. This surface is extended through the continents (such as with very narrow hypothetical canals). According to Gauss, who first described it, it is the \"mathematical figure of the Earth\", a smooth but irregular surface whose shape results from the uneven distribution of mass within and on the surface of Earth. It can be known only through extensive gravitational measurements and calculations. Despite being an important concept", "title": "Geoid" }, { "id": "10478303", "text": "of an ocean. The lyrics take inspiration from the story of \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\" by Oscar Wilde, as well as from Bono's holidays as a child in Rush, Dublin. Because it depicts a young rock star about to become an adult who looks at the world (\"the ocean\") in front of him and wants to change it, Bono has described \"The Ocean\" as \"comic megalomania\". The first known performance of the song was on 16 September 1980 at a concert in Plymouth, although due to incomplete and missing set lists from the band's early career, it is likely", "title": "The Ocean (U2 song)" }, { "id": "12323882", "text": "circular movement of surface currents known as a gyre is formed. There are five main gyres in the world's oceans: two in the Pacific, two in the Atlantic and one in the Indian Ocean. Other smaller gyres are found in lesser seas and a single gyre flows around Antarctica. These gyres have followed the same routes for millennia, guided by the topography of the land, the wind direction and the Coriolis effect. The surface currents flow in a clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and anticlockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The water moving away from the equator is warm, and", "title": "Sea" }, { "id": "99364", "text": "occurred during the Middle Jurassic rifting. The emergence of these basins marked the beginning of the Atlantic Ocean and contributed to the destruction of Pangaea at the end of the late Jurassic. During the Cretaceous the Caribbean acquired the shape close to that seen today. In the early Paleogene due to Marine regression the Caribbean became separated from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean by the land of Cuba and Haiti. The Caribbean remained like this for most of the Cenozoic until the Holocene when rising water levels of the oceans restored communication with the Atlantic Ocean. The", "title": "Caribbean Sea" }, { "id": "15612447", "text": "Atlantic Equatorial mode The Atlantic Equatorial Mode or Atlantic Niño is a quasiperiodic interannual climate pattern of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. It is the dominant mode of year-to-year variability that results in alternating warming and cooling episodes of sea surface temperatures accompanied by changes in atmospheric circulation. The term Atlantic Niño comes from its close similarity with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that dominates the tropical Pacific basin. The Atlantic Niño is not the same as the Atlantic Meridional (Interhemispheric) Mode that consists of a north-south dipole and operates more on decadal timescales. The equatorial warming and cooling events associated", "title": "Atlantic Equatorial mode" }, { "id": "9858716", "text": "between 48°S and 58°S in the Indian and Pacific Ocean and between 42°S and 48°S in the Atlantic Ocean, defines the northern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (or ACC). The ACC is the most important ocean current in the Southern Ocean, and the only current that flows completely around the Earth. Flowing eastward through the southern portions of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, the ACC links these three otherwise separate oceanic basins. Extending from the sea surface to depths of 2000–4000 meters, and with a width of as great as 2000 kilometers, the ACC transports more water than", "title": "Subantarctic" }, { "id": "16837254", "text": "Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean The opening of the North Atlantic Ocean is a geological event that occurred over millions of years, during which the supercontinent Pangea broke up. As modern-day Europe (Eurasian plate) and North America (North American Plate) separated during the final breakup of Pangea in the early Cenozoic Era, they formed the North Atlantic Ocean. Geologists believe the breakup occurred either due to primary processes of the Iceland plume or secondary processes of lithospheric extension from plate tectonics. Rocks from the North Atlantic Igneous Province have been found in Greenland, the Irminger Basin, Faroe Islands, Vøring", "title": "Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "5580671", "text": "Romanche Trench The Romanche Trench, also called the \"Romanche Furrow\" or \"Romanche Gap\", is the third deepest of the major trenches of the Atlantic Ocean, after the Puerto Rico Trench and the South Sandwich Trench. It bisects the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) just north of the equator at the narrowest part of the Atlantic between Brazil and West Africa, extending from 2°N to 2°S and from 16°W to 20°W. The trench has been formed by the actions of the Romanche Fracture Zone, a portion of which is an active transform boundary offsetting sections of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It was name after", "title": "Romanche Trench" }, { "id": "15025780", "text": "phenomenon known as “Abaco Rage”. Beyond the eastern edge of the sea, in the Atlantic Ocean, the seafloor drops off rapidly, generally deepening more than 200 metres (650 feet) over a distance of only a few kilometres. As swells from the ocean move west towards the Sea of Abaco, the sudden shallowness can cause the swells to slow down and pile up, building into large waves. For small vessels, the ensuing Abaco Rage can sometimes make navigation extremely difficult in the shallow channels between the Abaco Cays. The Sea of Abaco sits atop the Little Bahama Bank, a massive carbonate", "title": "Sea of Abaco" }, { "id": "9877", "text": "lions, turtles, and whales. Drift net fishing can kill dolphins, albatrosses and other seabirds (petrels, auks), hastening the fish stock decline and contributing to international disputes. Municipal pollution comes from the eastern United States, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; and industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea. North Atlantic hurricane activity has increased over past decades because of increased sea surface temperature (SST) at tropical latitudes, changes that can be attributed to either the natural Atlantic", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "1293899", "text": "Mid-Atlantic Ridge The Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is a mid-ocean ridge, a divergent tectonic plate or constructive plate boundary located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. In the North Atlantic it separates the Eurasian and North American plates, and in the South Atlantic it separates the African and South American plates. The ridge extends from a junction with the Gakkel Ridge (Mid-Arctic Ridge) northeast of Greenland southward to the Bouvet Triple Junction in the South Atlantic. Although the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is mostly an underwater feature, portions of it have enough", "title": "Mid-Atlantic Ridge" }, { "id": "14964759", "text": "descending order of area) are the: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern (Antarctic) Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. Smaller regions of the oceans are called seas, gulfs, bays, straits, and other names. Geologically, an ocean is an area of oceanic crust covered by water. Oceanic crust is the thin layer of solidified volcanic basalt that covers the Earth's mantle. Continental crust is thicker but less dense. From this perspective, the Earth has three oceans: the World Ocean, the Caspian Sea, and the Black Sea. The latter two were formed by the collision of Cimmeria with Laurasia. The Mediterranean Sea is", "title": "Borders of the oceans" }, { "id": "3147352", "text": "Atlantic Europe Atlantic Europe is a geographical and anthropological term for the western portion of Europe which borders the Atlantic Ocean. The term may refer to the idea of Atlantic Europe as a cultural unit and/or as an biogeographical region. It comprises the Atlantic Isles (Great Britain and Ireland), Iceland, Belgium, the Netherlands, the central and northern regions of Portugal, northwestern and northern Spain (including Galicia, the Southern Basque Country), the southwestern and western portion of France (Northern Basque Country), western Scandinavia and northern Germany. Weather and overall physical conditions are relatively similar along this area (with the exception of", "title": "Atlantic Europe" }, { "id": "12774270", "text": "ice and open ocean. The ocean-area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth. In winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius. At some coastal points, however, persistent intense drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter. A variety of marine animals exist and rely, directly or indirectly, on the phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean. Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales,", "title": "Southern Ocean" }, { "id": "3491208", "text": "— fragmented. Together with continents Nena and Ur and some minor plates, Atlantica formed the supercontinent Rodinia about 1 Ga ago. The rifting of Rodinia between 1–0.5 Ga resulted in the formation of three new continents: Laurasia and East and West Gondwana, of which Atlantica became the nucleus of the latter. During this later stage, the Neoproterozoic era, a Brasiliano-Pan African orogenic system developed. The central part of this system, the Araçuaí-West Congo orogen, has left a distinct pattern of deformations, still present on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Atlantica Atlantica (; \"Atlantika\") is an ancient continent that formed", "title": "Atlantica" }, { "id": "9829", "text": "subpolar intermediate water. The eastern water is saltier because of its proximity to Mediterranean Water. North Atlantic Central Water flows into South Atlantic Central Water at 15°N. There are five intermediate waters: four low-salinity waters formed at subpolar latitudes and one high-salinity formed through evaporation. Arctic Intermediate Water, flows from north to become the source for North Atlantic Deep Water south of the Greenland-Scotland sill. These two intermediate waters have different salinity in the western and eastern basins. The wide range of salinities in the North Atlantic is caused by the asymmetry of the northern subtropical gyre and the large", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "9859", "text": "\"blitzkrieg\" nor the \"three-wave\" hypotheses but they also deliver mutually ambiguous results. Contradictory data from archaeology and genetics will most likely deliver future hypotheses that will, eventually, confirm each other. A proposed route across the Pacific to South America could explain early South American finds and another hypothesis proposes a northern path, through the Canadian Arctic and down the North American Atlantic coast. Early settlements across the Atlantic have been suggested by alternative theories, ranging from purely hypothetical to mostly disputed, including the Solutrean hypothesis and some of the Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories. The Norse settlement of the Faroe Islands", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "16837256", "text": "The final major phase of breakup occurred in the early Cenozoic, as Laurentia separated from Eurasia. As the two plates broke free from each other, the Atlantic Ocean continued to expand. The Iceland plume is a mantle plume under Iceland that carries hot material from the deep within Earth's mantle upwards to the crust. The rising hot material weakens the lithosphere, making the separation of plates easier. The flow of hot plume material creates volcanism under the continental lithosphere. Iceland extends across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a divergent plate boundary, and it separates the Eurasian and North", "title": "Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "7187299", "text": "Atlantic (period) The Atlantic in palaeoclimatology was the warmest and moistest Blytt-Sernander period, pollen zone and chronozone of Holocene northern Europe. The climate was generally warmer than today. It was preceded by the Boreal, with a climate similar to today’s, and was followed by the Subboreal, a transition to the modern. Because it was the warmest period of the Holocene, the Atlantic is often referenced more directly as the Holocene climatic optimum, or just climatic optimum. The Atlantic is equivalent to Pollen Zone VII. Sometimes a Pre-atlantic or early Atlantic is distinguished, on the basis of an early dividing cold", "title": "Atlantic (period)" }, { "id": "6639303", "text": "tropical waves such as cold fronts and upper-level lows. These are known as baroclinically induced tropical cyclones. There is a strong correlation between Atlantic hurricane activity in the tropics and the presence of an El Niño or La Niña in the Pacific Ocean. El Niño events increase the wind shear over the Atlantic, producing a less-favorable environment for formation and decreasing tropical activity in the Atlantic basin. Conversely, La Niña causes an increase in activity due to a decrease in wind shear. According to the Azores High hypothesis by Kam-biu Liu, an anti-phase pattern is expected to exist between the", "title": "Atlantic hurricane" }, { "id": "17384239", "text": "Geology of the Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean evolved in the Mesozoic from the Panthalassic Ocean, which had formed when Rodinia rifted apart around 750 Ma. The first ocean floor which is part of the current Pacific Plate began 160 Ma to the west of the central Pacific and subsequently developed into the largest oceanic plate on Earth. The tectonic plates continue to move today. The slowest spreading ridge is the Gakkel Ridge on the Arctic Ocean floor, which spreads at less than , while the fastest, the East Pacific Rise near Easter Island, has a spreading rate of over", "title": "Geology of the Pacific Ocean" }, { "id": "9879", "text": "and has a heat capacity about 50 times that of the mixed layer. This heat uptake provides a time-lag for climate change but it also results in a thermal expansion of the oceans which contribute to sea-level rise. 21st century global warming will probably result in an equilibrium sea-level rise five times greater than today, whilst melting of glaciers, including that of the Greenland ice-sheet, expected to have virtually no effect during the 21st century, will probably result in a sea-level rise of 3–6 m over a millennium. On 7 June 2006, Florida's wildlife commission voted to take the manatee", "title": "Atlantic Ocean" }, { "id": "18556675", "text": "Northern North Sea basin The North Sea is part of the Atlantic Ocean in northern Europe. It is located between Norway and Denmark in the east, Scotland and England in the west, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France in the south. The geology of the North Sea describes the geological features such as channels, trenches, and ridges today and the geological history, plate tectonics, geological events that created them. A geological basin is a large low-lying area or depression. It is often below sea level. Depressions are typically formed by tectonic processes acting on the lithosphere, providing \"accommodation space\" for", "title": "Northern North Sea basin" } ]

[ "Beah Richards" ]

[ { "id": "4586554", "text": "for a Tony Award for her 1965 performance in James Baldwin's \"The Amen Corner\". She received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Sidney Poitier's mother in the 1967 film \"Guess Who's Coming to Dinner\". Other notable movie performances include \"Hurry Sundown\", \"The Great White Hope\", \"Beloved\" and \"In the Heat of the Night\". She made numerous guest television appearances including roles on \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"The Bill Cosby Show\", \"Sanford and Son\", \"Benson\", \"Designing Women\", \"The Practice\", \"The Big Valley\" and \"ER\" (as Dr. Peter Benton's mother.) She was the winner", "title": "Beah Richards" }, { "id": "5222638", "text": "\"seaQuest DSV\"; on \"Home Improvement\" as Lucille Taylor (Tim \"The Tool-Man\" Taylor's mother); and on \"ER\" as Ruth Katherine Greene. Bartlett's last feature film role to date was in the film \"Valediction\". Bartlett and Daniels both served on the Screen Actors Guild's Board of Directors. Bartlett was added to the Hall of Honor at her alma mater, Moline High School in Moline, Illinois. Bartlett met her husband, actor William Daniels at Northwestern University. They were married on June 30, 1951. In 1961, she gave birth to a son, who died just 24 hours later. They later adopted two children: Michael,", "title": "Bonnie Bartlett" }, { "id": "1807929", "text": "on \"ER\" in the 2000–2001 season as Dr. Abby Lockhart's mother, Maggie, who suffers from bipolar disorder, a role for which she won an Emmy Award in 2001. After her critically acclaimed stint on the show, she returned to the role in 2003 and 2006. She also starred in the very short-lived 2002 series \"The Court\". Field's directorial career began with the television film \"The Christmas Tree\" (1996). In 1998, she directed the episode \"The Original Wives' Club\" of the critically acclaimed TV miniseries \"From the Earth to the Moon\", also playing a minor role as Trudy, the wife of", "title": "Sally Field" }, { "id": "3666965", "text": "Eriq La Salle Erik Ki La Salle (born July 23, 1962), professionally known as Eriq La Salle, is an American actor, director, writer and producer known for his performances in the films \"Coming to America\" (1988) and especially as Dr. Peter Benton in the NBC medical drama \"ER\" (1994–2002; 2008–2009) which earned him three NAACP Image Awards and nominations for a Golden Globe Award and three Primetime Emmy Awards. La Salle, one of four children, was born and raised in Hartford, Connecticut, by his mother, Ada Haynes. He is an alumnus of Weaver High School and the Artists Collective, Inc.", "title": "Eriq La Salle" }, { "id": "5948219", "text": "former, domineering employer in \"Dolores Claiborne\", who is dying in present-time, but is seen as a vibrant, glowing woman in flashback sequences. She has appeared in some American television shows, beginning with her regular role as Snow White's Stepmother, Evil Queen Lillian \"Lily\" White in the series \"The Charmings\". Parfitt's real-life husband Tony Steedman guest-starred as Santa Claus in The Charmings' second season Christmas special. She appeared on an episode of \"Murder, She Wrote\" in 1989, and as the mother of Dr Elizabeth Corday (played by Alex Kingston) on several episodes of \"ER\" in 2002. Parfitt played Lady Mount-Temple in", "title": "Judy Parfitt" }, { "id": "13265917", "text": "Cast of ER \"ER\" is an American drama series that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994 until April 2, 2009. The series featured a large ensemble cast that changed dramatically over its long run. The main cast was augmented by a wealth of recurring characters and award-winning guest stars. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Douglas \"Doug\" Ross, Sherry Stringfield as Dr. Susan Lewis, Noah Wyle as medical student (later Dr.) John Carter, and Eriq La Salle as Dr. Peter Benton. Julianna Margulies guest starred in the pilot as", "title": "Cast of ER" }, { "id": "2757559", "text": "Elliott Gould and George Clooney. Coincidentally, she guest-starred in 2001 on the NBC medical series of the same name, \"ER\", which also featured Clooney. She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role on the show as Eleanor Carter, the mother of Dr. John Carter played by Noah Wyle, who also had a role in \"Donnie Darko\". She played Dr. Virginia Dixon, a surgeon with Asperger syndrome for three episodes of \"Grey's Anatomy\" in 2008 and 2009. In 2003, McDonnell starred in the miniseries \" Battlestar Galactica\" as Laura Roslin. The miniseries led to the subsequent weekly series, with", "title": "Mary McDonnell" }, { "id": "1658626", "text": "Off-Broadway production of \"The Destiny of Me\" in 1992, and returned to Broadway for Lincoln Center's acclaimed 2002 revival of Paul Osborn's \"Morning's at Seven\", with Julie Hagerty, Buck Henry, Frances Sternhagen and Estelle Parsons. In 1990-91, she starred as the devious Catherine Martell in David Lynch's television series \"Twin Peaks\". She also appeared in \"Other People's Money\" with Gregory Peck (1991), and in horror maestro Dario Argento's first American film, \"Trauma\" (1993). She played George Clooney's character's mother on \"ER\". In 1997, she appeared in the film \"A Christmas Memory\" with Patty Duke (then known as Patty Duke Astin),", "title": "Piper Laurie" }, { "id": "4307638", "text": "nomination in 1993 for her recurring-character role as the neurotic mother of Janine Turner's character on \"Northern Exposure\". She continued to act, including roles on \"ER\" and \"Melrose Place\", until shortly before her death. Bibi Besch died on September 7, 1996 at age 54 following a long battle with breast cancer. Bibi Besch Bibi Besch (born Bibiana Maria Köchert; February 1, 1942 – September 7, 1996) was an Austrian-American film, television, and stage actress. She is best known for playing Dr. Carol Marcus in the science fiction film \"\" (1982). Her other notable film roles were in \"Who's That Girl\"", "title": "Bibi Besch" }, { "id": "2527131", "text": "Maura Tierney Maura Tierney (born February 3, 1965) is an American film and television actress best known for her roles as Lisa Miller on the sitcom \"NewsRadio\", Audrey Reede in \"Liar Liar\" (1997), Abby Lockhart on the medical drama \"ER\"and Helen Solloway on the television drama \"The Affair\" for which she won the Golden Globe Award in 2016. Tierney, the eldest of four children, was born and raised in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts to an Irish Catholic family. Her mother Pat (née James) is a real estate broker and her late father Joseph M. Tierney was a", "title": "Maura Tierney" }, { "id": "11944614", "text": "ER (season 7) The seventh season of the American fictional drama television series \"ER\" first aired on October 12, 2000 and concluded on May 17, 2001. The seventh season consists of 22 episodes. In the midst of being remodeled, for a more open, safe floorplan, the show's seventh season starts with Carter (Noah Wyle) completing his drug rehabilitation with the support of Abby (Maura Tierney), whose own life is in disarray after she is forced to drop out of medical school, her new romance with Kovač (Goran Visnjic) hits many pitfalls, and her bipolar-afflicted mother (Sally Field in an Emmy-winning", "title": "ER (season 7)" }, { "id": "3249180", "text": "Alex Kingston Alexandra Elizabeth Kingston (born 11 March 1963) is an English actress, who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Active from the early 1980s, Kingston became noted for her television work in both Britain and the US in the 1990s, including her portrayal of the title role in the British miniseries \"The Fortunes and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders\" (1996) and her regular role as Dr. Elizabeth Corday in the NBC medical drama \"ER\" (1997–2004). Later credits include the recurring role of River Song in the BBC science fiction series \"Doctor Who\" (2008–2015), Mrs. Bennet in", "title": "Alex Kingston" }, { "id": "13193820", "text": "\"The Deep End of the Ocean\" (1999), and Helen in \"Maze\" (2000). On television she portrayed Helen Hathaway, the mother of Carol Hathaway, on \"ER\" between 1996-99. She made guest appearances on \"The Doctors\" (1972), \"The Bob Newhart Show\" (1974), \"Medical Center\" (1974), \"The Rookies\" (1975), \"Harry O\" (1975), \"Jigsaw John\" (1976), \"Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman\" (1976), \"The Rockford Files\" (1978), \"Charlie's Angels\" (1979), \"Falcon Crest\" (1984), \"Doogie Howser, M.D.\" (1989), \"Murder, She Wrote\" (1991), \"The Practice\" (1997) and \"\" (2003), and appeared in numerous television movies. Gregorio won a Clarence Derwent Award and garnered Tony and Drama Desk Award", "title": "Rose Gregorio" }, { "id": "1287802", "text": "consisted of him performing material from his first and second albums in front of a live audience in Pasadena, California. In 2003, Newhart guest-starred on three episodes of \"ER\" in a rare dramatic role that earned him an Primetime Emmy Award nomination, his first in nearly 20 years. In 2005, he began a recurring role in \"Desperate Housewives\" as Morty, the on-again/off-again boyfriend of Sophie (Lesley Ann Warren), Susan Mayer's (Teri Hatcher) mother. In 2009, he received another Primetime Emmy nomination for reprising his role as Judson in \"\". On August 27, 2006, at the 58th Primetime Emmy Awards, hosted", "title": "Bob Newhart" }, { "id": "1505152", "text": "back his involvement in later years to focus on other projects. Other executive producers include writers Carol Flint, Neal Baer, R. Scott Gemmill, Dee Johnson, Joe Sachs, Lisa Zwerling, and Janine Sherman Barrois. Several of these writers and producers had extensive background in emergency medicine. Joe Sachs was a regular emergency attending physician, while Lisa Zwerling and Neal Baer had pediatrics backgrounds. The series' crew was recognized with awards for writing, directing, producing, film editing, sound editing, casting, and music. The original starring cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield", "title": "ER (TV series)" }, { "id": "1505143", "text": "ER (TV series) ER is an American medical drama television series created by novelist and medical doctor Michael Crichton that aired on NBC from September 19, 1994, to April 2, 2009, with a total of 331 episodes spanning over 15 seasons. It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. Television. \"ER\" follows the inner life of the emergency room (ER) of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, and various critical issues faced by the room's physicians and staff. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history, also became", "title": "ER (TV series)" }, { "id": "1505155", "text": "who typically played patients in single episode appearances or multi-episode arcs. Following the broadcast of its two-hour pilot movie on September 19, 1994, \"ER\" premiered Thursday, September 22 at 10:00. It remained in the same Thursday time slot for its entire run. \"ER\" is NBC's third longest-running drama, after \"Law & Order\" and \"\", and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would return for its fifteenth season. The fifteenth season was originally scheduled to run for 19 episodes before retiring with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast", "title": "ER (TV series)" }, { "id": "9388803", "text": "mother. After her death, he becomes romantically involved with her physical therapist Jeanie Boulet. The series pilot was executive produced by Michael Crichton and John Wells, Dennis Murphy produced the pilot episode and Wendy Spence Rosato served as Associate Producer. Crichton, Wells, and Spence-Rosato continued these roles for the series proper while Murphy was replaced as producer by Christopher Chulack. Also joining the production team were Mimi Leder, Robert Nathan, and Lydia Woodward as supervising producers and Paul Manning as Co-producer. Crichton wrote the series pilot and is credited as the creator of the series for the rest of the", "title": "ER (season 1)" }, { "id": "6189834", "text": "of \"L.A. Law\", playing Judge Marilyn Travelini. She guest starred on \"Benson\",\"Cheers\", \"Designing Women\", \"The Golden Girls\", \"Charmed\", \"Boy Meets World\", \"Columbo\", \"ER\", and \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" as the mother of Mary Steenburgen's character. One of her last appearances was in the \"Ally McBeal\" season 4 episode \"Reasons to Believe\" (which aired on January 8, 2001). Haney was born in Memphis, Tennessee to Robert and Dorothy Ryan. She was married to John Haney, a public television executive whom she met at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she had been studying drama, radio, and television. After his", "title": "Anne Haney" }, { "id": "9289105", "text": "Alice, the mother of Thelma Todd, in \"\" and in 1995 portrayed Margaret, the mother of Bess Truman in the Emmy-winning television film \"Truman\". She guest-starred on episodes of \"The Practice\", \"Frasier\", \"Just Shoot Me!\", \"Touched by an Angel\", \"Cold Case\" and \"Law & Order\". In 2002, Smith appeared in \"The Laramie Project\" and in 2004 she portrayed Anna Howard Shaw in the Emmy-winning film \"Iron Jawed Angels\". In 2007, she guest-starred on four episodes of \"ER\" and in 2009 in \"A Dog Year\" with Jeff Bridges. She played Adele Stackhouse, the grandmother of Anna Paquin's character on \"True Blood\"", "title": "Lois Smith" }, { "id": "12510782", "text": "Christine Harnos Christine Harnos (born November 16, 1968) is a Canadian actress and co-founder of the circus outreach organization Circus Remedy. Harnos was born in Toronto, Ontario on November 16, 1968. Harnos portrayed Jennifer Greene, the first wife of main character Mark Greene on \"ER\" (1994–2002), Josie Ray in \"Remembering Sex\" (1998), Dotty from \"The Girl Gets Moe\" (1997), Rimmer in the action-horror film \"\" (1996), Kaye Faulkner in \"Dazed and Confused\" (1993), Linda Wyatt in \"Judgement Night\" (1993), Sarah Hughes in \"Cold Dog Soup\" (1990), and Sid in \"Denial\" (1990). In 2003, Harnos left acting to pursue a degree", "title": "Christine Harnos" }, { "id": "3135403", "text": "2001) and son Milo (born April 2004). Stringfield and Joseph divorced in January 2006 after seven years of marriage. She currently resides in Los Angeles. Sherry Stringfield Sherry Lea Stringfield (born June 24, 1967) is an American actress. She is best known for playing the role of Dr. Susan Lewis on the NBC medical drama \"ER\", a role for which she received three Emmy Award nominations. Stringfield was a member of \"ER's\" original cast, but she quit the show during its third season, despite being contractually tied to appear in five. She returned to the role in 2001, and quit", "title": "Sherry Stringfield" }, { "id": "19221028", "text": "Peter Mackenzie Peter Mackenzie (born Peter Cook; January 19, 1961) is an American actor. He co-starred in films \"Good Morning, Vietnam\" (1987), \"Torch Song Trilogy\" (1988), \"Lorenzo's Oil\" (1992) and \"Trumbo\" (2015). He is also known for his television roles on \"Herman's Head\" (1991–1994), \"ER\" (2002), \"Gilmore Girls\" (2006), \"Grey's Anatomy\" (2009), \"How I Met Your Mother\" (2011) and \"Black-ish\" (2014–). Mackenzie lives in Los Angeles with his wife, a writer. They have three adult children. In 2014, Mackenzie installed a small curbside book exchange on public land near his home which he called \"The Tenn-Mann Library\". Popular in the", "title": "Peter Mackenzie" }, { "id": "10143448", "text": "was in the 1964 MGM musical \"The Unsinkable Molly Brown\". Card had a daughter, Ada Card. On March 1, 1964, Card died as a result of a fatal heart attack at the age of 71 at her home in Costa Mesa, California. She is interred in Harbor Lawn-Mount Olive Memorial Park in Costa Mesa. Kathryn Card Kathryn Card (October 4, 1892 – March 1, 1964) was an American radio, television and film actress who may be best remembered for her role as Mrs. MacGillicuddy, Lucy's mother on \"I Love Lucy\". Born in Butte, Montana, Card did radio roles in the", "title": "Kathryn Card" }, { "id": "13265922", "text": "season: Gloria Reuben, Maria Bello, Kellie Martin, Michael Michele, Erik Palladino, Ming-Na, and Sharif Atkins. In addition, only four main cast members never made a return appearance following their original stint: Maria Bello, Kellie Martin, Erik Palladino and Mekhi Phifer. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Sherry Stringfield's first departure from the show was in 1996, when her character, Susan Lewis, moved to Phoenix, Arizona, in the Season 3 episode \"Union Station.\" In 2001, Stringfield returned to the series, reprising her role of Dr. Lewis, in the Season 8 episode \"Never Say Never.\" She departed again in the Season 12 premiere, \"Canon City.\" This", "title": "Cast of ER" }, { "id": "3635046", "text": "Den\" on NBC. In 2005, she appeared on the \"ER\" episode \"Just As I Am,\" as Helen Kingsley, the long-lost birth mother of Dr. Kerry Weaver, played by Laura Innes, even though Fisher is only five years older. She also starred in a pilot for NBC/USA entitled \"To Love and Die\". In 2008, she appeared in a recurring role on the Sci-Fi Channel television series \"Eureka\", portraying the character Eva Thorne. Fisher also guest-starred on \"Grey's Anatomy\", \"The Shield\", \"Two and a Half Men\", \"Private Practice\", \"Sons of Anarchy\", \"Torchwood\", \"\", \"Cold Case\", and \"Castle\". In 2014, Fisher was starring", "title": "Frances Fisher" }, { "id": "13651477", "text": "Roberta Valderrama Roberta Valderrama (born October 5, 1977) is a Peruvian actress and improv performer. She spent her childhood in Miami, Florida and Lima, Peru. She is best known for the role of Yolanda in \"10 Items or Less\", a partially improvised comedy series on TBS. Yolanda is \"the power behind the produce counter and the mother of Carl's child.\" She first appeared on television in 2000, playing Stephanie, a candy striper who stalked Erik Palladino's character on a season 7 episode of \"ER\". She holds a BFA from the Carnegie Mellon School of Drama and has also appeared in", "title": "Roberta Valderrama" }, { "id": "4673496", "text": "K. Callan K. Callan (born Katherine Elizabeth Borman; 1936) is an American author and actress known for playing Clark Kent's mother Martha in the ABC television series \"\". Born in Dallas, Texas she first appeared on television in an episode of \"Route 66\" that happened to be shooting in Dallas. She resumed her on-camera career in 1970, having guest-starring roles on \"One Day at a Time\", \"St. Elsewhere\", \"Carnivàle\", \"JAG\", \"Coach\" and \"King of the Hill\". She played a key role in the Emmy Award-winning episode \"Cousin Liz\" of \"All in the Family\" and portrayed the mother of April Stevens", "title": "K. Callan" }, { "id": "4299144", "text": "Laura Innes Laura Elizabeth Innes (born August 16, 1957) is an American actress and television director. She played Dr. Kerry Weaver on the NBC medical drama \"ER,\" and Sophia on the NBC thriller \"The Event\". Innes was introduced to professional theater by her father, who frequently took the family to the Stratford Festival of Canada in Stratford, Ontario. Following his advice to \"do what you love,\" she attended Northwestern University where she was a member of the Alpha Chi Omega sorority and earned a degree in theater. Her first stage credits were in Chicago at the renowned Goodman Theatre and", "title": "Laura Innes" }, { "id": "11475514", "text": "Ellen Crawford Ellen Ann Crawford (born April 29, 1951) is an American actress. Most recently, she co-starred as Edith, in \"The Man from Earth\". She also played Nurse Lydia Wright on ER from 1994–2003 and then again in 2009 for the series finale. She has performed on stage as well, most recently as Nora Melody in \"A Touch of the Poet\" by Eugene O'Neill, for Friendly Fire Theatre in New York City. Crawford also made a couple of guest appearances in 2010 in comedy-drama \"Desperate Housewives\". Crawford was born in Normal, Illinois, graduating from Carnegie Mellon University's college of Fine", "title": "Ellen Crawford" }, { "id": "16443703", "text": "Colleen Flynn Colleen Flynn (born May 23, 1962) is an American actress. In 1995, Flynn earned a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her performance on \"ER\". She starred on short-lived series such as \"Flipper\" and \"To Have & to Hold\". She also appeared in a recurring roles on \"China Beach\", \"The Practice\", \"Judging Amy\" and \"Nip/Tuck\". Flynn guest-starred on television series such as \"The X-Files\", \"Crossing Jordan\", \"Without a Trace\", \"The Drew Carey Show\", \"Everwood\", \"The Closer\", \"Cold Case\", \"House\" and \"Grey's Anatomy\". Her film credits include \"Last Exit to Brooklyn\",", "title": "Colleen Flynn" }, { "id": "16443704", "text": "\"\", \"Two Mothers for Zachary\", \"Clear and Present Danger\", \"Pay It Forward\" and \"Project X\". Colleen Flynn Colleen Flynn (born May 23, 1962) is an American actress. In 1995, Flynn earned a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her performance on \"ER\". She starred on short-lived series such as \"Flipper\" and \"To Have & to Hold\". She also appeared in a recurring roles on \"China Beach\", \"The Practice\", \"Judging Amy\" and \"Nip/Tuck\". Flynn guest-starred on television series such as \"The X-Files\", \"Crossing Jordan\", \"Without a Trace\", \"The Drew Carey Show\", \"Everwood\", \"The", "title": "Colleen Flynn" }, { "id": "6593079", "text": "and \"Justice League Unlimited\". She also played Florence Watson, the mother of Rita Louise Watson (Lauryn Hill) in the 1993 film . Ralph produced \"Divas Simply Singing\", which has become an important AIDS fundraiser. She also appeared on the Showtime series \"\" as Claire. Sheryl brought a new face to the sufferings of war in the NBC hit series \"ER\". Ralph's 2002 project \"Baby of the Family\" concerns a young child who is born with a caul over her head, which enables her to see ghosts and the future. Ralph was also featured with son Etienne on MTV's \"My Super", "title": "Sheryl Lee Ralph" }, { "id": "3666972", "text": "as Will Munson in the 2017 superhero film, \"Logan\". La Salle has also directed multiple episodes of Chicago PD throughout its six seasons. Eriq La Salle Erik Ki La Salle (born July 23, 1962), professionally known as Eriq La Salle, is an American actor, director, writer and producer known for his performances in the films \"Coming to America\" (1988) and especially as Dr. Peter Benton in the NBC medical drama \"ER\" (1994–2002; 2008–2009) which earned him three NAACP Image Awards and nominations for a Golden Globe Award and three Primetime Emmy Awards. La Salle, one of four children, was born", "title": "Eriq La Salle" }, { "id": "12345831", "text": "Lisa Nicole Carson Lisa Nicole Carson (born July 12, 1969) is an American actress. She is known for her work on U.S. television, including supporting roles in NBC's \"ER\" and Fox's \"Ally McBeal\". Carson appeared in the roles simultaneously, but afterwards, she withdrew from acting until 2012 when she appeared in the final episode of David E. Kelley's \"Harry's Law\". Carson was born in Brooklyn, New York; her father is a journalism professor at the University of Florida, and her mother was a kindergarten teacher in New York. She spent her adolescence in Gainesville, Florida and attended F. W. Buchholz", "title": "Lisa Nicole Carson" }, { "id": "9388808", "text": "a number of nominations for other awards which are listed in the List of ER awards and nominations. ER (season 1) The first season of the American fictional drama television series \"ER\" aired from 1994–1995 with 25 episodes. The 2-hour pilot episode aired on September 19, 1994 and was followed by 24 other episodes, including the season finale that aired on May 18, 1995. In \"ER\"'s first season, the core cast consisted of Chief Resident Dr. Mark Greene, pediatric resident Dr. Doug Ross, second-year resident Dr. Susan Lewis, medical student John Carter, head nurse Carol Hathaway, and second-year surgical resident", "title": "ER (season 1)" }, { "id": "19221029", "text": "neighborhood, it was cited for a local ordinance violation after an anonymous complaint. Mackenzie was the brother of screenwriter Douglas Cook, who died in 2015. Peter Mackenzie Peter Mackenzie (born Peter Cook; January 19, 1961) is an American actor. He co-starred in films \"Good Morning, Vietnam\" (1987), \"Torch Song Trilogy\" (1988), \"Lorenzo's Oil\" (1992) and \"Trumbo\" (2015). He is also known for his television roles on \"Herman's Head\" (1991–1994), \"ER\" (2002), \"Gilmore Girls\" (2006), \"Grey's Anatomy\" (2009), \"How I Met Your Mother\" (2011) and \"Black-ish\" (2014–). Mackenzie lives in Los Angeles with his wife, a writer. They have three adult", "title": "Peter Mackenzie" }, { "id": "15062550", "text": "Malaya Drew Malaya Drew (born Malaya Rivera Drew; 1978) is an American stage, film and television actress. Drew is best known for her role as Adele Channing on the cable television series \"The L Word\" (2008) and for her role as Katey Alvaro on NBC's long-running \"ER\" (2006–2007). She has had recurring roles on \"Entourage\" (2005) and \"Las Vegas\" (2006–2007)\". Drew was born in Washington, D.C. She has two brothers and her parents are both lawyers. She attended Middlebury College where she studied English Literature and Spanish. After graduating college, she moved to London and trained at the London Academy", "title": "Malaya Drew" }, { "id": "12976109", "text": "transplant. Peter Benton, Doug Ross and Carol Hathaway, Susan Lewis, Elizabeth Corday, Kerry Weaver and Ray Barnett return in various episodes. The series ends with one final multiple casualty incident that brings multiple patients to the ER, and shows that life goes on at County General. The final season included special appearances by departed regular and recurring cast members for the following episodes: <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> ER (season 15) The fifteenth and final season of the American fictional drama television series \"ER\" premiered on September 25, 2008 and concluded on April 2, 2009, in a two-hour episode preceded by a one-hour retrospective", "title": "ER (season 15)" }, { "id": "5758621", "text": "Abby Keaton on \"ER\" from 1996–1997 and as Leland Stottlemeyer's wife, Karen, on \"Monk\". In 2004, she played the mother of Lindsay Lohan's character in \"Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen\". Her recent appearances include the films \"The Amateurs\" (2005), \"The Namesake\" (2006), \"Comeback Season\" (2006), \"\" (2008), \"The Joneses\" (2009), and \"Don Jon\" (2013). More recently, Headly appeared in the film \"Strange Weather\" (2016) and in the HBO limited series \"The Night Of\" (2016). Headly and Ed Begley Jr. were cast in lead roles with Josh Hutcherson in \"Future Man\", Hulu's half-hour comedy television series produced by Seth Rogen", "title": "Glenne Headly" }, { "id": "11764033", "text": "American Studies in 1978. She received a Certificate of Acting from the Neighborhood Playhouse, where she studied with Sanford Meisner. She also holds a Master of Fine Arts in creative nonfiction from the Bennington Writing Seminars. In her acting career, Lenney has had a variety of stage, film, and television roles. On television she has appeared on shows such as \"Married... with Children\" (1991), \"Murphy Brown\", \"Judging Amy\", \"A Fine Romance\" and \"South of Nowhere\". Beginning in 1995 she played a recurring role on \"ER\" as Nurse Shirley. In 2006 she coauthored the book \"Acting for Young Actors\" with Mary", "title": "Dinah Lenney" }, { "id": "1387551", "text": "alongside Anthony Edwards, Julianna Margulies, and Noah Wyle, on the hit NBC medical drama \"ER\" from 1994 to 1999. After leaving the series in 1999, he made a cameo appearance in the 6th season and returned for a guest spot in the show's final season. For his work on the series, Clooney received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 1995 and 1996. He also earned three Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor – Television Series Drama in 1995, 1996, and 1997 (losing to co-star Anthony Edwards). Clooney began appearing in films", "title": "George Clooney" }, { "id": "2890956", "text": "on Animal Planet during the award-winning series \"Orangutan Island\". After attending the Democratic National Convention in Denver (August 28, 2008), Fox began serving on the Artists & Athletes Alliance Advisory Board and has attended many of their events. In 2003, she was ranked #80 in \"Stuff\" magazine's list of the 103 sexiest women. She is annually nominated for PETA's \"World's Sexiest Vegetarian\". Jorja Fox Jorja-An \"Jorja\" Fox (born July 7, 1968) is an American actress and producer. She first came to prominence with a recurring role in the NBC medical drama \"ER\" as Dr. Maggie Doyle from 1996 to 1999.", "title": "Jorja Fox" }, { "id": "14603755", "text": "Cristin Milioti Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as \"That Face\", \"Stunning\", and the Tony Award-winning musical \"Once\". She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film \"The Wolf of Wall Street\", and Betsy Solverson in the second season of \"Fargo\" (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award. Milioti was born on August 16, 1985 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. She is", "title": "Cristin Milioti" }, { "id": "8602068", "text": "Martine Bartlett Martine Bartlett (April 24, 1925 – April 5, 2006) was an American actress. A life member of The Actors Studio, Bartlett is best-remembered, albeit not by name, for her chilling performance as Hattie Dorsett, the seriously disturbed, abusive mother of Sally Field's title character in \"Sybil\". She was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the middle child of three siblings born to George Daniel Bartlett (1894–1971) and his wife Martine (née Fons 1895–1983). George Bartlett was an attorney. Martine graduated from the John Burroughs School and Washington University in St. Louis. She was active onstage with the former St.", "title": "Martine Bartlett" }, { "id": "3249192", "text": "and her four-times great-grandmother, Elizabeth Braham. Alex Kingston Alexandra Elizabeth Kingston (born 11 March 1963) is an English actress, who trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Active from the early 1980s, Kingston became noted for her television work in both Britain and the US in the 1990s, including her portrayal of the title role in the British miniseries \"The Fortunes and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders\" (1996) and her regular role as Dr. Elizabeth Corday in the NBC medical drama \"ER\" (1997–2004). Later credits include the recurring role of River Song in the BBC science fiction series", "title": "Alex Kingston" }, { "id": "3246802", "text": "Paul McCrane Paul David McCrane (born January 19, 1961) is an American film, television and theatre actor, as well as a television director and singer. He is known for his portrayal of Montgomery MacNeil in the 1980 film \"Fame\", Emil Antonowsky in \"RoboCop\" and Robert \"Rocket\" Romano on the NBC medical drama television series \"ER\". McCrane was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Eileen C. (née Manyak), a nurse, and James J. McCrane, Jr., an actor and writer. He has a brother, Jim, and three sisters, Maureen, Barbara, and Deirdre. His family moved to Richboro, Pennsylvania, where he lived", "title": "Paul McCrane" }, { "id": "3135389", "text": "Sherry Stringfield Sherry Lea Stringfield (born June 24, 1967) is an American actress. She is best known for playing the role of Dr. Susan Lewis on the NBC medical drama \"ER\", a role for which she received three Emmy Award nominations. Stringfield was a member of \"ER's\" original cast, but she quit the show during its third season, despite being contractually tied to appear in five. She returned to the role in 2001, and quit once again in 2005. She is also known for her regular roles on \"NYPD Blue\" and \"Guiding Light\". She has acted mainly on television, but", "title": "Sherry Stringfield" }, { "id": "4558881", "text": "Maria Bello Maria Elena Bello (born April 18, 1967) is an American actress and writer. Her many film roles include \"Permanent Midnight\" (1998), \"Payback\" (1999), \"Coyote Ugly\" (2000), \"The Cooler\" (2003), \"A History of Violence\" (2005), \"\" (2008), \"Prisoners\" (2013), and \"Lights Out\" (2016). Bello is known for her television roles as Dr. Anna Del Amico on the medical drama \"ER\" (1997–1998), with other starring roles including that as Lucy Robbins on the series \"Touch\" in 2013, as Michelle McBride on the first season of the series \"Goliath\" in 2016, and since 2017 as Special Agent Jacqueline \"Jack\" Sloane on", "title": "Maria Bello" }, { "id": "3810610", "text": "Hope Davis Hope Davis (born March 23, 1964) is an American actress. She has starred in films such as \"About Schmidt\" (2002) and \"American Splendor\" (2003). For her role in the original Broadway production of \"God of Carnage\" in 2009, she received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Play. She has also received two Emmy Award nominations, for her 2009 television roles in the series \"In Treatment\" and in the film \"The Special Relationship\". In 2016, she appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film \"\" as Tony Stark's mother Maria Stark. Davis, second of three children, was", "title": "Hope Davis" }, { "id": "2890944", "text": "Jorja Fox Jorja-An \"Jorja\" Fox (born July 7, 1968) is an American actress and producer. She first came to prominence with a recurring role in the NBC medical drama \"ER\" as Dr. Maggie Doyle from 1996 to 1999. This was followed by another critical success in the recurring role of Secret Service Agent Gina Toscano in the NBC political drama \"The West Wing\" in 2000. She played Sara Sidle in the CBS police procedural drama \"\", both as a regular (2000–2007, 2010–2015) and recurring (2008–2010) cast member. Fox was born in New York City to Montreal-born parents Edward and Marilyn", "title": "Jorja Fox" }, { "id": "12372563", "text": "performed by the Royal Philharmonic and Ittai Shapira. In the late 2000s, Shields guest-starred on shows like FX's \"Nip/Tuck\" and CBS' \"Two and a Half Men\". In 2005, Shields appeared in a season-two episode of HBO's \"Entourage\", entitled \"Blue Balls Lagoon.\" In 2007, she made a guest appearance on Disney's \"Hannah Montana\", playing Susan Stewart, Miley and Jackson's mother, who died in 2004. In 2008, she returned in the primetime drama \"Lipstick Jungle\". The series ended a year later. Starting in 2010, she made guest appearances on \"The Middle\" as the mother of a brood of terror-inducing children and the", "title": "Brooke Shields" }, { "id": "11434529", "text": "Darlene Gilbert, along with guest starring roles on many TV series, including \"ER\", \"Murder, She Wrote\", \"Married... with Children\", \"L.A. Law\" and \"Cagney & Lacey\". Peretz died of breast cancer on August 27, 2004 in Los Angeles. Susan Peretz Susan Peretz (March 2, 1940 – August 27, 2004) was an American actress, best known for her performances in film and on television. Among others, she appeared in \"Dog Day Afternoon\", \"Melvin and Howard\", \"Swing Shift\", and \"Oh, God! You Devil\". Born in New York City, Peretz graduated from SUNY Buffalo. She began her acting career after joining the Actors Studio,", "title": "Susan Peretz" }, { "id": "5857586", "text": "up here on: A woman who puts a flag on the moon for women over 40—who can think, who can work, who are successes, who can cook, and who can COOK!\" Taylor was also nominated for an Emmy for her recurring role on AMC's \"The Lot\", and has been nominated four times since 2003, for Best Supporting Actress for her role on the TV series \"Two and a Half Men\", playing Evelyn Harper, the snobbish, overbearing mother of Charlie Sheen and Jon Cryer's characters. Taylor's television movie and series guest roles have been extensive and include appearances on \"ER\" and", "title": "Holland Taylor" }, { "id": "3628205", "text": "Shiri Appleby Shiri Freda Appleby (born December 7, 1978) is an American actress and director. She is best known for her leading roles as Liz Parker in the WB/UPN science fiction drama series \"Roswell\" (1999–2002) and Rachel Goldberg in the Lifetime/Hulu drama series \"Unreal\" (2015–2018). Her major film credits include \"A Time for Dancing\" (2000), \"Swimfan\" (2002), \"Havoc\" (2005), \"Charlie Wilson's War\" (2007), and \"The Devil's Candy\" (2015). Appleby also starred as intern Daria Wade in the final season of the NBC medical drama series \"ER\" (2008–2009). She later starred as Cate Cassidy in The CW drama series \"Life Unexpected\"", "title": "Shiri Appleby" }, { "id": "3528639", "text": "Kellie Martin Kellie Noelle Martin (born October 16, 1975) is an American television actress. She is known for her roles as Rebecca \"Becca\" Thatcher in \"Life Goes On\" (1989–1993), Christy Huddleston in \"Christy\" (1994–1995), Lucy Knight on \"ER\" (1998–2000), Samantha Kinsey in \"Mystery Woman\" (2003–2007), Roxanne in \"A Goofy Movie\" and as Hailey Dean in the \"Hailey Dean Mystery\" series (2016–present). Martin was born in Riverside, California, U.S., the daughter of Debbie (Jett), a kindergarten teacher, and Doug Martin, a department store buyer and retail executive. She began her acting career at age seven, when her aunt, who was a", "title": "Kellie Martin" }, { "id": "4903511", "text": "in the episode, \"Mother Knows Worst\" on the hit \"ABC\" situation comedy, \"Laverne & Shirley\". She portrayed Pearl Markowitz, the mother of Adam Arkins character Lenny Markowitz, in the 1977 CBS situation comedy \"Busting Loose\". Her frequent television roles in the 1980s included newspaper owner Hope Stinson on the syndicated \"The Ted Knight Show\" (the former \"Too Close for Comfort\") during its final season in 1986; and that of Gussie Holt, the mother of Suzanne Somers' lead character in the syndicated sitcom \"She's the Sheriff\" (1987–1989). Since the late 1980s, Carroll has had a great deal of voice-over work on", "title": "Pat Carroll (actress)" }, { "id": "15344714", "text": "The Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles (IFFLA) 2004 paid tribute to Kirron during its annual festival. In October 2004 Kirron made a guest appearance, along with her husband, in the American TV series \"ER\" playing Parminder Nagra's mother, Mrs. Rasgotra, in episode \"Damaged.\" In 2005, she played the role of Sunanda in the tele-serial \"Prratima\" on Sahara One channel, before which she had appeared in TV series like \"Dil Na Jaane Kyon\" (Zee TV), \"Isi Bahane\", and \"Chausath Panne\". Despite playing mostly supporting roles, her successful movies include \"Main Hoon Na\" (2004), \"Hum Tum\" (2004), \"Veer-Zaara\" (2004), and \"\"", "title": "Kirron Kher" }, { "id": "2261012", "text": "Julianna Margulies Julianna Luisa Margulies (; born June 8, 1966) is an American actress and producer. After several small television roles, Margulies achieved wide recognition for her role as Carol Hathaway on NBC's long-running medical drama \"ER\", for which she won an Emmy Award. She also voiced Neera in \"Dinosaur\" (2000) and appeared in the miniseries \"The Mists of Avalon\" (2001). In 2009, she took on the lead role of Alicia Florrick in the American legal drama \"The Good Wife\" on CBS. Her performance on that show has garnered acclaim: she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress", "title": "Julianna Margulies" }, { "id": "6382806", "text": "Robin Sydney Robin Sydney (born Robin Sydney Heymsfield; January 4, 1984) is an American actress. Sydney began acting at the age of eight in local theater in her hometown of Boulder, Colorado. At age seventeen, she moved to Hollywood with her mother to pursue a screen career. She appeared in the television series \"ER\", \"Drake & Josh\", \"Oliver Beene\", \"Masters of Horror\", \"The Brotherhood of Poland, New Hampshire\", \"Femme Fatales\" and \"Chemistry\". She has also appeared in the Charles Band-directed films \"The Gingerdead Man\", \"Evil Bong\", \"Dead Man's Hand\", \"\", \"Skull Heads\" and \"\". Besides acting, Sydney along with her", "title": "Robin Sydney" }, { "id": "6051386", "text": "began acting in community theater in 1982, at age 42. In 1992, she was hired as a street performer working for Disney World in Orlando, Florida. In 1995, she moved to Hollywood, where she took guest roles in television series such as \"Roseanne\", \"Home Improvement\", \"Picket Fences\", \"Murphy Brown\", \"ER\", \"Seinfeld\", \"Frasier\", \"Just Shoot Me!\", \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", \"Dharma & Greg\", \"Las Vegas\" and \"The Drew Carey Show\". In a 1997 episode of \"Frasier\", \"Roz's Turn\", Joosten appeared as Vera, the mother and personal secretary of Frasier's conniving agent, Bebe Glazer, played by Harriet Sansom Harris. The pair would", "title": "Kathryn Joosten" }, { "id": "10143442", "text": "Kathryn Card Kathryn Card (October 4, 1892 – March 1, 1964) was an American radio, television and film actress who may be best remembered for her role as Mrs. MacGillicuddy, Lucy's mother on \"I Love Lucy\". Born in Butte, Montana, Card did radio roles in the late 1930s, notably \"Uncle Walter's Doghouse\", broadcast on NBC from 1939 to 1942. She played Grandma Barton in \"The Bartons\" from December 25, 1939, to September 11, 1942, and played three roles (Carrie, Sue, and Bess) on \"Just Neighbors\" May 30-September 23, 1938. In 1943, she was a cast member of \"Helpmate\", a daytime", "title": "Kathryn Card" }, { "id": "6739334", "text": "Parminder Nagra Parminder Kaur Nagra (born 5 October 1975) is an English film and television actress, known for playing Jess Bhamra in the 2002 film \"Bend It Like Beckham\" and Dr. Neela Rasgotra in the NBC medical drama series \"ER\" from 2003 to 2009. She has had several other major television roles, including a starring role as Meera Malik in the NBC crime drama series \"The Blacklist\" from 2013 to 2014 and a recurring role on the ABC/Marvel Television series \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" as Ellen Nadeer for its 4th season. Nagra was born in Leicester, England, to Sukha and Nashuter", "title": "Parminder Nagra" }, { "id": "7307562", "text": "Verna Bloom Verna Bloom (born August 7, 1939) is an American actress. She co-starred in Clint Eastwood's 1973 film, \"High Plains Drifter\" and in the 1974 made-for-TV movie \"Where Have All The People Gone?\" with Peter Graves and Kathleen Quinlan. She has had roles in more than 30 films and television episodes since the 1960s, including playing Mary, mother of Jesus, in \"The Last Temptation of Christ\" in 1988 and Marion Wormer in \"Animal House\" in 1978. Bloom was born in Lynn, Massachusetts and attended the School of Fine Arts in Boston University, graduating with a BFA. She also studied", "title": "Verna Bloom" }, { "id": "7476307", "text": "Scott Jaeck Scott Jaeck (born October 29, 1954 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American actor. He attended New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois, graduating in 1973. He attended the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. He was married to actress Mariann Mayberry, a member of the Steppenwolf Theater Company ensemble in Chicago, Illinois, until her death on August 1, 2017. His venture into soap operas lasted from 1987 to 1988, when he portrayed Cain Garver on \"Santa Barbara\". He had recurring appearances on \"Charmed\" as Samuel Wilder and \"ER\" as Dr. Steven Flint. He appeared in \"The Finale\" episode of \"Seinfeld\" as", "title": "Scott Jaeck" }, { "id": "12560119", "text": "Fest Best Supporting Actress Nominee Giovannie \"Pico\" Espiritu, best known to TV audiences as medical intern Ludlow on NBC's \"ER\", playing Sheenyana's late mother, Ichigo. Food for the Gods Food for the Gods (often referred to online as FFTG) is a 2007 Canadian short, science fiction, romance film from award-winning writer/filmmaker H. Scott Hughes. The film stars Yvette Lu and Danny Dorosh as two star-crossed lovers in a plot reminiscent of stories of Pocahontas and Captain John Smith. The film is based on a short story by Patricia C. Hughes. It is set in the year 2057. In the protagonist", "title": "Food for the Gods" }, { "id": "13211633", "text": "to roughly 27.68 million American viewers. Timeslot 18–49/share 18–34/share viewers (millions) 8PM 9PM 10PM At the 2009 Primetime Emmy Awards Rod Holcomb won the Emmy for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series for his work on this episode, while Ernest Borgnine was nominated for the Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series. And in the End... \"And in the End...\" is the 331st and final episode of the American television series \"ER\". The two-hour episode aired on April 2, 2009 and was preceded by a one-hour retrospective special. Dr. Tony Gates (John Stamos) treats a teenage girl in", "title": "And in the End..." }, { "id": "4237579", "text": "the creation of \"self\". She often speaks about how you can get through tough times with determination and love. She has also written a book called \"Bright Light\", about her life lessons from an acting career. Wallace starred in Steven Spielberg's film \"E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial\" (1982). She and Christopher Stone starred together in several roles, including \"The Howling\" (1981), \"Cujo\" (1983), \"Together We Stand\" (1986–1987) and \"The New Lassie\" (1989–1992). In \"The Office\" episode Garden Party, Wallace played Ellen, the mother of Andy Bernard (Ed Helms). In March 2015, Wallace was cast on the ABC soap opera series \"General Hospital\",", "title": "Dee Wallace" }, { "id": "4369732", "text": "to Los Angeles briefly in 1990 to give Hollywood a try, but did not stay long. She eventually garnered international attention for her recurring role as Hercules' mother on the syndicated adventure series, \"\", a role she played intermittently from 1995 to 1998. Holloway also found wide recognition in her home country through her 1992–1998 lead role of Alex McKenna in the popular soap opera \"Shortland Street\". Holloway was also a writer for the series, and for other television series such as \"Shark in the Park\". Holloway was the first person to champion making the book \"The Whale Rider\" into", "title": "Liddy Holloway" }, { "id": "5437189", "text": "Play. For the 1976 film \"Network,\" she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She was on screen for five minutes and two seconds, the shortest performance to win an Academy Award for acting. She also received an Emmy Award nomination for the 1978 miniseries \"The Dain Curse\". Straight also appeared as Mother Christophe in \"The Nun's Story\" (1959) and Dr. Lesh in \"Poltergeist\" (1982). Beatrice Whitney Straight was born in Old Westbury, New York, the daughter of Dorothy Payne Whitney of the Whitney family, and Willard Dickerman Straight, an investment banker, diplomat, and career U.S. Army officer. Her", "title": "Beatrice Straight" }, { "id": "3196879", "text": "in 1983. Rhames first appeared on Broadway in the play \"The Boys of Winter\" in 1984. He started out in film in Wes Craven's \"The People Under the Stairs\" (1991) as Leroy; he watched over Kevin Kline as Secret Service agent Duane Stevensen in \"Dave\" (1993); and he played Marsellus Wallace in \"Pulp Fiction\" (1994). Rhames played Dr. Peter Benton's brother-in-law on the TV medical drama \"ER\", a recurring role he filled for three seasons. He played ace computer hacker Luther Stickell opposite Tom Cruise in Brian De Palma's \"\" (1996). In 1997 Rhames portrayed the character of Nathan 'Diamond", "title": "Ving Rhames" }, { "id": "12510783", "text": "in child development at Mills College. In 2006, she helped co-create the circus outreach organization Circus Remedy with Anthony Lucero and Terry Notary. She continues to serve as executive director. Christine Harnos Christine Harnos (born November 16, 1968) is a Canadian actress and co-founder of the circus outreach organization Circus Remedy. Harnos was born in Toronto, Ontario on November 16, 1968. Harnos portrayed Jennifer Greene, the first wife of main character Mark Greene on \"ER\" (1994–2002), Josie Ray in \"Remembering Sex\" (1998), Dotty from \"The Girl Gets Moe\" (1997), Rimmer in the action-horror film \"\" (1996), Kaye Faulkner in \"Dazed", "title": "Christine Harnos" }, { "id": "6020877", "text": "Hills apartment complex alongside other notable child stars such as Hilary Duff with her father, which she has referred to as \"an important part of her life\". She graduated magna cum laude from UCLA in 2011, majoring in anthropology and minoring in Chinese. Hirsh first portrayed Rachel Greene in the 2001-2002 season of ER in a storyline where a now teenage and rebellious Rachel leaves her mother in St. Louis to be with her father, Mark Greene, a role she played through the eighth season, when Mark dies and she returns home. Hirsh later reprised her role in 2004 in", "title": "Hallee Hirsh" }, { "id": "2329877", "text": "Anthony Edwards Anthony Charles Edwards (born July 19, 1962) is an American actor and director. He is best known for his role as Dr. Mark Greene on the first eight seasons of \"ER\", for which he received a Golden Globe award and six Screen Actors Guild Awards, and was nominated for four consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards. Additionally, he has appeared in various movies and television shows, including \"Top Gun\", \"Zodiac\", \"Miracle Mile\", \"Revenge of the Nerds\", \"Planes\", and \"Northern Exposure\". Edwards was born in Santa Barbara, California, the son of Erika Kem (née Weber), an artist/landscape painter, and Peter Edwards,", "title": "Anthony Edwards" }, { "id": "6524233", "text": "Adrienne Pickering Adrienne Pickering (born 22 February 1981) is an Australian actress. Born in rural Queensland, Pickering was educated at the University of Queensland, where she majored in psychology and drama. She later undertook her drama training at Queensland University of Technology, graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Acting in 2003. Pickering portrayed Elly Tate on the drama \"headLand\" in 2005. She also played the recurring role of Detective Christine Taylor in the BBC-commissioned soap opera \"Out of the Blue\". In the soap opera \"Home and Away\" she appeared as Natalie Franklin, the mother of Nicole, portrayed by", "title": "Adrienne Pickering" }, { "id": "5741862", "text": "Phoebe Nicholls Phoebe Sarah Nicholls (born 1957) is an English film, television, and stage actress. She is known for her roles as Cordelia Flyte in \"Brideshead Revisited\" and as the mother of John Merrick in \"The Elephant Man\". Nicholls is the daughter of actors Anthony Nicholls and Faith Kent. She trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama. Nicholls married director Charles Sturridge on 6 July 1985; they have two sons, including actor Tom Sturridge, and a daughter. Her grandfather is photojournalist Horace Nicholls. As a child actress in several films she was billed as Sarah Nicholls. In her", "title": "Phoebe Nicholls" }, { "id": "1505144", "text": "the 2nd longest medical drama across the globe (behind BBC's \"Casualty\"). It won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations. \"ER\" won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, while the cast earned four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Ensemble Performance in a Drama Series. As of 2014, \"ER\" has grossed over in television revenue. In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical student in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics. In", "title": "ER (TV series)" }, { "id": "10001448", "text": "Steel Hour\", and \"Armstrong Circle Theatre\". She was a regular on the primetime drama \"East Side/West Side\" and sitcom \"Doc\" and she appeared in \"Dark Shadows\", \"Another World\", \"All in the Family\", \"Murder, She Wrote\", and \"\". She also appeared in television movies, including \"The Boys Next Door\" (1996). She appeared in the miniseries \"\" in March 1987 as the mother of Frances Schreuder (played by Lee Remick), as well as the miniseries \"Alex Haley's Queen\". On May 9, 2015, at age 94, Wilson died at her home in New Haven, Connecticut. Elizabeth Wilson Elizabeth Welter Wilson (April 4, 1921", "title": "Elizabeth Wilson" }, { "id": "7307563", "text": "at the HB Studio in New York City. She is Jewish. Verna Bloom Verna Bloom (born August 7, 1939) is an American actress. She co-starred in Clint Eastwood's 1973 film, \"High Plains Drifter\" and in the 1974 made-for-TV movie \"Where Have All The People Gone?\" with Peter Graves and Kathleen Quinlan. She has had roles in more than 30 films and television episodes since the 1960s, including playing Mary, mother of Jesus, in \"The Last Temptation of Christ\" in 1988 and Marion Wormer in \"Animal House\" in 1978. Bloom was born in Lynn, Massachusetts and attended the School of Fine", "title": "Verna Bloom" }, { "id": "7334112", "text": "time soap opera, \"Dallas\". In 1992, Hirson was regular cast member on the short-lived NBC sitcom \"Home Fires\" starring Kate Burton. From 1994 to 1998, she played the role of Lois Morgan, the mother of Ellen DeGeneres' character on the ABC comedy series, \"Ellen\". From 1996 to 2006, she appeared in eight episodes of The WB family drama series, \"7th Heaven\" playing Jenny Jackson, mother of Annie Camden (Catherine Hicks), whose illness and death occurred as the series began in 1996. She also had the recurring roles on \"Murphy Brown\" and \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\", and guest-starred", "title": "Alice Hirson" }, { "id": "4558887", "text": "CCH Pounder Carol Christine Hilaria Pounder (born December 25, 1952), known professionally as CCH Pounder, is a Guyanese American actress who has appeared in numerous plays, films, made-for-television films and television miniseries and has made guest appearances on notable television shows. From 1994 to 1997, she played Dr. Angela Hicks in the medical drama \"ER\". From 2002 to 2008, she starred as Detective Claudette Wyms in the FX police drama \"The Shield\". In 2009, she appeared as Mo'at in James Cameron's film \"Avatar\". She starred in recurring roles as Mrs. Irene Frederic on the series \"Warehouse 13\" and DA Thyne", "title": "CCH Pounder" }, { "id": "2261024", "text": "in Manhattan. Julianna Margulies Julianna Luisa Margulies (; born June 8, 1966) is an American actress and producer. After several small television roles, Margulies achieved wide recognition for her role as Carol Hathaway on NBC's long-running medical drama \"ER\", for which she won an Emmy Award. She also voiced Neera in \"Dinosaur\" (2000) and appeared in the miniseries \"The Mists of Avalon\" (2001). In 2009, she took on the lead role of Alicia Florrick in the American legal drama \"The Good Wife\" on CBS. Her performance on that show has garnered acclaim: she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding", "title": "Julianna Margulies" }, { "id": "728632", "text": "the Line\", \"Robots Rising\", \"Rescuers: Stories of Courage: Two Couples\", \"Point Last Seen\" and \"The Color of Courage\". Hamilton and her \"Beauty and the Beast\" co-star Ron Perlman reunited in the post-Vietnam war drama \"Missing in America\" (2005). In 2009, she returned as Sarah Connor in \"Terminator Salvation\", in voice-overs only. In 2010, she joined the cast of \"Chuck\" in the recurring guest role of Mary Elizabeth Bartowski, a CIA agent and long-missing mother of Chuck and Ellie. She also appeared as a guest star in the Showtime cable television show \"Weeds\" as the marijuana supplier for the show's main", "title": "Linda Hamilton" }, { "id": "6739350", "text": "February 2012, it was reported that Nagra had filed for divorce. The divorce was finalised in July 2013. Nagra was one of the bearers of the Olympic torch as it passed through London on its way to the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Parminder Nagra Parminder Kaur Nagra (born 5 October 1975) is an English film and television actress, known for playing Jess Bhamra in the 2002 film \"Bend It Like Beckham\" and Dr. Neela Rasgotra in the NBC medical drama series \"ER\" from 2003 to 2009. She has had several other major television roles, including a starring role as", "title": "Parminder Nagra" }, { "id": "1387541", "text": "George Clooney George Timothy Clooney (born May 6, 1961) is an American actor, filmmaker and businessman. He is the recipient of three Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards, one for acting in \"Syriana\" (2006) and the other for co-producing \"Argo\" (2012). In 2018, he was the recipient of the AFI Live Achievement Award, at the age of 57. Clooney made his acting debut on television in 1978, and later gained wide recognition in his role as Dr. Doug Ross on the long-running medical drama \"ER,\" from 1994 to 1999, for which he received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. While", "title": "George Clooney" }, { "id": "5750348", "text": "film \"The Mist\". She also appeared in the family film \"Dolphin Tale\" (2011). She may be best known to TV audiences as Esther Clavin, mother of John Ratzenberger's Boston postman character Cliff Clavin, on the long-running series \"Cheers\" for which she received two Emmy Award nominations. She also played Millicent Carter on \"ER\", Bunny MacDougal, mother of Trey, Charlotte's first husband on \"Sex and the City\" (another Emmy Award nomination) and in \"Law & Order\", among other network dramas and sitcoms, and worked for many years in soap operas such as \"Another World\", \"The Secret Storm\" and \"Love of Life\".", "title": "Frances Sternhagen" }, { "id": "16749533", "text": "by Academy Award winner Callie Khouri. She plays Jolene Barnes, mother of Hayden Panettiere's character, who is a drug addict. She also appeared in films \"The Notebook\", \"Halloween II\", \"96 Minutes\", and guest starred on \"One Tree Hill\" and \"Surface\". Sylvia Jefferies Sylvia Webster Jefferies (born August 14, 1969) is an American actress. Jefferies was born in Greenwood, South Carolina. She is the daughter of the late James Jefferies, a lawyer and former mayor of Greenwood, and Polly Jefferies, a retired emergency room registered nurse. She attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York and in following years", "title": "Sylvia Jefferies" }, { "id": "9821880", "text": "Robert Altman's film \"Nashville\" (1975) and as the mother of Sally Field's character in \"Norma Rae\" (1979). Baxley died at age 67 at her home in Manhattan of an apparent heart attack. She is buried at Umpawaug Cemetery in Redding, Connecticut. Barbara Baxley Barbara Angie Rose Baxley (January 1, 1923 – June 7, 1990) was an American actress and singer. Barbara Baxley was born in Porterville, California, the daughter of Emma (née Tyler) and Bert Baxley. She acted for six years in productions of schools and Little Theaters before she had her first professional role. A life member of the", "title": "Barbara Baxley" }, { "id": "4167396", "text": "Gloria Reuben Gloria Elizabeth Reuben (born June 9, 1964) is a Canadian producer, singer and actress of film and television, known for her role as Jeanie Boulet on the medical drama \"ER\" and Marina Peralta on \"Falling Skies\". In film, she is known for portraying Elizabeth Keckley in \"Lincoln\". She is currently recurring in the role of Dr. Krista Gordon on \"Mr. Robot\" and on the main cast of \"Saints & Sinners\" as Mayor Pamela Clayborne. Reuben was born in Toronto, to Pearl Avis (Mills), a classical singer, and Cyril George Reuben, an engineer. Her parents were both Jamaican-born. Her", "title": "Gloria Reuben" }, { "id": "2783973", "text": "video, Bates and others told the stories of the people killed there. Bates is the Executive Committee Chair of the Actors Branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Board of Governors. In 2014, Bates became a national spokesperson for lymphedema and Chairperson for the Lymphatic Education & Research Network's Honorary Board. On September 20, 2016, Bates received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her work in the film industry. Her star is located at 6927 Hollywood Boulevard. In 2018, she starred as Amy's mother – and a shrew of a wife of", "title": "Kathy Bates" }, { "id": "8812979", "text": "\"According to Jim\", Penny Hadcoate in \"Judging Amy\", Woman in \"The Tick\", Interviewer in \"Charmed\", Mona in \"ER\", Marcy Katz in \"JAG\" and Rebecca Wainwright in \"Martial Law\". In 2013, Coleman starred in the MTV scripted show \"Zach Stone Is Gonna Be Famous\". Besides her work in television, Coleman has appeared in films such as \"Sour Grapes, Life Sold Separately\", the IMAX 3D feature \"\" and as Helen Stacy, the mother of Emma Stone's character, in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" and \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\". She has worked with James Randi, a well known skeptic and paranormal debunker, as a \"psychic\"", "title": "Kari Coleman" }, { "id": "10298908", "text": "John Aylward John Aylward (born November 7, 1946) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for playing the former DNC chairman Barry Goodwin on the NBC television series \"The West Wing\" and for playing Dr. Donald Anspaugh on the NBC television series \"ER\". He also supplied his voice for Dr. Arne Magnusson in \"Half-Life 2: Episode Two\". Aylward was born and raised in Seattle, Washington. He attended St. Joseph's Grade school and went on to Prep High School, but graduated from Garfield High School in 1965. He graduated from the Professional Actor's Training Program at the University of", "title": "John Aylward" }, { "id": "5644178", "text": "Actors Guild and Academy Award nominations. Two years later, she starred opposite Gary Sinise in \"George Wallace\", for which she garnered her first Golden Globe Award nomination and won an Emmy Award. She made acclaimed appearances on the series \"ER\" and \"\", as well as appearances in the 2001 television project \"Sally Hemmings\" opposite Sam Neill and the short-lived David E. Kelley series \"The Brotherhood of Poland, New Hampshire\". Also in 2001, she appeared in the made-for-TV movie \"Snap Decision\" with Felicity Huffman. She also appeared in the independent film \"Dandelion\", which was a staple of film festivals worldwide between", "title": "Mare Winningham" }, { "id": "6795401", "text": "Sarah Drew Sarah White Drew (born October 1, 1980) is an American actress, director and producer. She is known for playing Hannah Rogers in The WB family drama series \"Everwood\" (2004–2006) and Dr. April Kepner in the ABC medical drama series \"Grey's Anatomy\" (2009–2018). Drew was born and raised in Stony Brook, New York, where she attended The Stony Brook School. Her mother, Dr. Jeannie Drew, is now teaching biology at an independent private school for girls in Manhattan. Her father, Rev. Charles Drew, is the senior pastor at Emmanuel Presbyterian Church in New York City. Her brother, Allen Drew,", "title": "Sarah Drew" }, { "id": "9400344", "text": "fourth season were executive producer John Wells, Christopher Misiano, T.R. Subramaniam, and Sarah Pia Anderson. Regular directors returning to the series for single episodes include Jonathan Kaplan, Félix Enríquez Alcalá, Lesli Linka Glatter, and Thomas Schlamme. Cast member Anthony Edwards moved behind the camera to direct a further episode of the series. Editor Jacque Toberen and producer Lance Gentile each directed a single episode of the fourth season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> ER (season 4) The fourth season of the American fictional drama television series \"ER\" first aired on September 25, 1997 and concluded on May 14, 1998. The fourth season consists of", "title": "ER (season 4)" }, { "id": "4577493", "text": "Mekhi Phifer Mekhi Phifer (; born December 29, 1974) is an American actor. He portrayed Dr. Greg Pratt on NBC's long-running medical drama \"ER\" and had a co-starring role opposite Eminem in the feature film \"8 Mile\". He was a regular on the Fox crime show \"Lie to Me\" in the role of Ben Reynolds before season three, and also starred as CIA agent Rex Matheson in \"\". Phifer was born in Harlem, New York City. He grew up in a single-parent household with his mother, Rhoda Phifer, a high-school teacher. In 1994, Phifer attended an open-casting call for director", "title": "Mekhi Phifer" }, { "id": "9388862", "text": "her and is angry when he finds out about her divorce from her husband. At the end of the season, Jeanie finds out that she may be HIV-positive after her ex-husband, Al, is diagnosed. She informs a dismayed Peter and suggests that he too be tested. Benton also struggles to decide whether to lodge a formal complaint against his mentor Dr. Vucelich, when he discovers irregularities in his research method. First season executive producers John Wells and Michael Crichton reprised their roles. Wells continued to serve as the series head writer and showrunner. Lydia Woodward and Mimi Leder returned as", "title": "ER (season 2)" }, { "id": "8602454", "text": "Shots\" (1999), \"The Fluffer\" (2001), and \"The Salon\" (2005). In 2005, Porter played Ricky in the film adaptation of Ruben Santiago-Hudson's play \"Lackawanna Blues\" for HBO. She received for her role. She went to appear \"ER\", \"Prison Break\", \"Without a Trace\", \"House\", and \"\". In 2008, Porter was cast as Lettie Mae Thornton, mother to Rutina Wesley's Tara Thorton, in the HBO drama series, \"True Blood\". She was promoted to series regular in seventh and final season of show. In 2012, she guest starred in an episode of \"Grey's Anatomy\". From 2012 to 2014, she also had a recurring role", "title": "Adina Porter" }, { "id": "15388076", "text": "Sepinwall called the episode \"a pretty fantastic tribute to that man on his way out the door.\" Will Ferrell's performance received mixed reviews from critics. Rob Sheffield called his performance \"pure magic\", while Miles McNutt said that his scenes were a \"momentum killer\". Cindy White criticized the writers for waiting for Ferrell's second-to last episode to give his character a \"juicy quirk\". Soon after the episode's airdate, the series received publicity for a possible storyline featuring Phyllis as Erin's birth mother. The rumor was started during an interview with executive producer Greg Daniels with \"Entertainment Weekly\" in which he stated", "title": "Goodbye, Michael" }, { "id": "2091067", "text": "Noah Wyle Noah Strausser Speer Wyle (; born June 4, 1971) is an American film, television, and theatre actor. He is known for his roles as Dr. John Carter in \"ER\" and as Tom Mason in \"Falling Skies\". He has also played Steve Jobs in the docudrama \"Pirates of Silicon Valley\" (1999), Dr. Kenneth Monnitoff in \"Donnie Darko\" (2001), and Flynn Carsen in \"The Librarian\" franchise. Wyle, the middle of three children, was born in Hollywood, California, the son of Marjorie (née Speer), a registered orthopedic head nurse, and Stephen Wyle, an electrical engineer and entrepreneur. His father was Jewish", "title": "Noah Wyle" } ]

[ "Natasha Lyonne" ]

[ { "id": "2824851", "text": "The consensus at Rotten Tomatoes calls it \"a sloppy, rushed-out product\". A teenage girl named Megan Voorhees (Natasha Lyonne) becomes possessed by the spirit of Hugh Kane (Richard Moll), the house's previous owner. During a formal dinner party she emerges in her pajamas, insults her mother and the guests, then proceeds to urinate profusely on the floor. In response, Megan's mother (Veronica Cartwright) seeks help from two priests, Father McFeely (James Woods) and Father Harris (Andy Richter). After paying a trip to the bathroom, the men attempt to drive Hugh's ghost out, but the exorcism does not go as planned.", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "2824849", "text": "Scary Movie 2 Scary Movie 2 is a 2001 American horror comedy film and the second film in the \"Scary Movie\" franchise. The film stars Anna Faris, Regina Hall, Shawn Wayans, and Marlon Wayans (all reprising their roles from the first film, despite their characters having been killed off), as well as Tim Curry, Tori Spelling, Chris Elliott, Chris Masterson, Kathleen Robertson, David Cross, and James Woods. The film is the last in the series to feature the involvement of stars Marlon and Shawn Wayans, and director Keenen Ivory Wayans. The Wayans would eventually go on to produce a similar", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "10555484", "text": "Scream mask kills them one by one. \"Scary Movie 2\" is the second in the franchise. It grossed $141,220,678 worldwide with $71,308,997 in the U.S. This is the last installment in the \"Scary Movie\" films to receive an R-rating and also marks the end of the Wayans siblings' involvement with the series. The film starts with a parody of \"The Exorcist\", in which Megan Voorhees (sharing the same last name as the fictional serial killer Jason Voorhees) is possessed by Hugh Kane, and two priests, Father McFeely and Father Harris (James Woods and Andy Richter) have to force Hugh Kane", "title": "Scary Movie (film series)" }, { "id": "2824860", "text": "a sloppy, rushed-out product.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 29 out of 100 based on 25 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B\" on an A+ to F scale. The film premiered on DVD on December 18, 2001. It was later released on Blu-ray a decade later on September 20, 2011, after Lionsgate purchased Miramax and Dimension Films's catalogues. Scary Movie 2 Scary Movie 2 is a 2001 American horror comedy film and the second film in the \"Scary Movie\" franchise. The film stars Anna Faris, Regina", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "2824852", "text": "After a chain of projectile vomits and various instances of pedophilia, Megan insults Father McFeely's mother. He responds by pulling out a gun and shooting Megan. Meanwhile, Cindy Campbell (Anna Faris), Brenda Meeks (Regina Hall), Ray Wilkins (Shawn Wayans), and Shorty Meeks (Marlon Wayans) are at college, trying to live new lives since the events of the first film. Cindy and Brenda get tagged by a socially maladjusted girl, Alex (Tori Spelling). Shorty is still the same stoner he was before. Ray, still confused about his sexuality, has two new male friends, Tommy (James DeBello) and Buddy (Christopher Masterson). Buddy", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "2824850", "text": "horror-themed parody, \"A Haunted House\", and its sequel, both starring Marlon Wayans. Where the original film was mainly based on the slasher films of the 1990s, \"Scary Movie 2\" parodies an array of supernatural and haunted house films from various decades, including \"The Haunting\" (1999), \"The Exorcist\" (1973), \"The Amityville Horror\" (1979), \"Poltergeist\" (1982), \"The Legend of Hell House\" (1973), \"House on Haunted Hill\" (both the 1959 and 1999 versions), and \"The Changeling\" (1980). It also spoofs some contemporary films, such as \"Hannibal\" (2001) and \"Hollow Man\" (2000). \"Scary Movie 2\" grossed $141.2 million worldwide from a $45 million budget.", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "2824857", "text": "from the house's curse. Two months later, Cindy and Buddy are in a relationship. They are out on a walk when Buddy disappears and Hanson shows up. As he closes in menacingly, he gets hit by a car. The car's driver is Shorty, who is receiving a blowjob from the ghost that he seduced earlier (much like the ending of the previous movie). The film is a sequel to \"Scary Movie\". According to director Keenen Ivory Wayans, the makers of the film watched over 130 horror films for background research. Marlon Brando was originally cast as Father McFeely and completed", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "1959726", "text": "Best Kiss Awards at the 2001 MTV Movie Awards. Faris subsequently reprised her role in \"Scary Movie 2\", released on July 4, 2001. Her next film role was that of the lesbian colleague of a lonely and traumatized young woman in the independent psychological thriller \"May\" (2002), which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and received a release in selected theaters. In its review for \"May\", \"The Digital Fix\" found the production to be \"one of the finest examples of independent American genre filmmaking\" and asserted that Faris played her role \"with an infectious level of enthusiasm, frequently skirting the", "title": "Anna Faris" }, { "id": "2824853", "text": "becomes romantically interested in Cindy, but she rebuffs him. Professor Oldman (Tim Curry) and his charming paraplegic assistant, Dwight Hartman (David Cross), plan to study the paranormal activity at a local haunted mansion called Hell House. They use Cindy and her friends as test subjects. At the mansion, Cindy encounters a foul-mouthed parrot and Hanson (Chris Elliott), the caretaker with a badly malformed hand. Later, the group is joined by newcomer Theo (Kathleen Robertson). They sit down for dinner, but soon lose their appetite due to Hanson's repulsive antics. Later that night, Cindy hears voices directing her to a secret", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "2824854", "text": "room, where she and Buddy discover the diary of Hugh Kane's wife. Seeing her portrait, they note Cindy's resemblance to her. Meanwhile, other teens also experience bizarre encounters. Hugh Kane's ghost has sex with Alex in her bedroom, but retreats when Alex expresses her interest in becoming the new Mrs. Kane. Cindy gets involved in a fistfight with the house cat, Mr. Kittles. A toy clown (Suli McCullough) attempts to kill Ray, but in a strange turn of events, the clown doll gets raped by Ray instead. A weed-monster rolls Shorty into a joint. It tries to smoke him (and", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "2824859", "text": "post-production in a total of less than 9 months, roughly half the average time for all those steps to be completed on a standard Hollywood production in 2000-2001. In North America, the film grossed $71.3 million. Worldwide, it grossed $141.2 million. Out of the first four \"Scary Movie\" films, this was the least successful to date, until the fifth film was released twelve years later. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 15% based on 109 reviews and an average rating of 3.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Instead of being funny, this gross-out sequel plays like", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "2824855", "text": "succeeds, much to Shorty's enjoyment as he states: 'I'm getting as high as a motherf**ker!'), but gets distracted by munchies and lets him escape. Professor Oldman is seduced and killed by the ghost of Hugh's mistress. Shorty later encounters the same ghost, but seduces and has sex with her. After Dwight equips the teens with weapons that can injure their spectral enemy, they are pursued throughout the mansion. Buddy and Cindy get locked in the walk-in freezer. Cindy gives Buddy a handjob and \"revives\" him, resulting in him releasing semen blasting Cindy to the door. Cindy then uses a collection", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "2824858", "text": "one day of filming before he had to leave the production due to illness. He was replaced by James Woods who was paid $1 million for four days work. Charlton Heston has also turned down the James Woods part. At one point, former President Bill Clinton, who had just left office the year the film came out (2001), was considered for the James Woods part. Because Miramax had not greenlit this sequel until the massive box office success of the original, the film faced a punishing production schedule that involved coming up with a script and tearing through production and", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "5625028", "text": "Rance to escape the demons, but they find her again and attack her family. Actress/comedian April Winchell states that she was seriously considered for the role until she developed pyelonephritis, which caused her to be hospitalized and ultimately taken out of consideration. Pamelyn Ferdin was a candidate for the role, but the producers may have felt she was too well-known. Denise Nickerson was also considered and offered the role, but her parents rejected it on her behalf after reading the film's script. Regan MacNeil appears in the television series \"The Exorcist\" portrayed by Geena Davis. In the \"Supernatural\" season 2", "title": "Regan MacNeil" }, { "id": "1959613", "text": "Scary Movie Scary Movie is a 2000 American horror comedy film directed by Keenen Ivory Wayans. The film is a parody of the horror, slasher, and mystery film genres. Several mid- and late-'90s films and TV shows are spoofed, and the script is primarily based on the '90s hit horror films \"Scream\" (1996) and \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" (1997). The first in the \"Scary Movie\" film series, it was followed by four sequels: \"Scary Movie 2\" (2001), \"Scary Movie 3\" (2003), \"Scary Movie 4\" (2006), and \"Scary Movie 5\" (2013). Despite a mixed critical reception, the film", "title": "Scary Movie" }, { "id": "2797486", "text": "\"Splendor\" (1999). Robertson also has appeared in several films during her career. She appeared opposite Luke Wilson in romantic comedy \"Dog Park\" (1998), in Sally Field's directed comedy-drama \"Beautiful\" (2000), and the parody movie \"Scary Movie 2\" (2001). She later had more serious roles with the 2002 independent drama film \"XX/XY\", opposite Mark Ruffalo. In the same year, Robertson played the role of Evelyn Dick, a Canadian convicted murderer, whose trial remains the most sensationalized event in Canadian criminal history, in the made-for-television movie, \"\". Robertson was nominated for an Gemini Award for her performance in the film. In 2002,", "title": "Kathleen Robertson" }, { "id": "12531252", "text": "Cindy Campbell Cindy Campbell is a fictional character from the \"Scary Movie\" franchise. Portrayed by Anna Faris and created by Shawn Wayans, Marlon Wayans, Buddy Johnson, Phil Beauman, Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer, the character first appeared in \"Scary Movie\" (2000). In the film, whose main parodies are the \"Scream\" and \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" franchises, Cindy shares a role similar to Sidney Prescott and Julie James. Faris would reprise her role of Cindy in the film's sequels. In \"Scary Movie 2\", Cindy is attending college and with her friends, goes to Hell House for Professor Oldman's", "title": "Cindy Campbell" }, { "id": "903066", "text": "received a BAFTA fellowship in 2009. Saunders received acclaim through the early to mid-1990s for writing and playing the main character of Edina Monsoon in the BBC sitcom \"Absolutely Fabulous\". She has guest-starred in the American sitcoms \"Roseanne\" and \"Friends\" and won the People's Choice Awards for voicing the evil Fairy Godmother in DreamWorks' animated \"Shrek 2\". In 2015, Saunders voiced Queen Elizabeth II in the animated comedy film \"Minions\", and in 2016 she voiced Nana Noodleman in the animated musical film \"Sing\". Jennifer Jane Saunders was born on 6 July 1958 in Sleaford, Lincolnshire, England. Her mother, Jane, was", "title": "Jennifer Saunders" }, { "id": "2824856", "text": "of random objects in the room to produce a Caterpillar tractor and escapes the freezer. Hanson gets possessed by Kane and kidnaps Shorty, who is high on drugs. In the dining room, Hanson sets up a cooker and cuts off the top of Shorty's head. Instead of a brain, there is a small man rapping (Beetlejuice) inside. Cindy, Brenda, and Theo team up to fight Hanson in their bra and underwear, but wind up defeated. Dwight regroups with the teens. Cindy acts as bait to lure Kane into a device that will destroy him. The plan succeeds, freeing the group", "title": "Scary Movie 2" }, { "id": "10555490", "text": "critics, and grossed $72,992,798 worldwide in the box office, thus being the least successful film in the franchise. Jody (Ashley Tisdale) and Dan Sanders (Simon Rex) move into a new home after adopting three mysterious children. There are video cameras to record the events, and Jody and Dan soon discover that a powerful creature known as \"Mama\" is haunting them, trying to claim their newly adopted children. \"Scary Movie\"s main parody is of \"Scream\" with elements of \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\", \"The Sixth Sense\", and \"The Matrix\". \"Scary Movie 2\" primarily targets \"The Haunting\"; the film's opening", "title": "Scary Movie (film series)" }, { "id": "1801092", "text": "the skit the character is shown to have been successful after three years of efforts. In the 2001 film \"Scary Movie 2\", Professor Dwight Hartman (David Cross) performs autofellatio after rebuffing Theo's (Kathleen Robertson) offer to perform oral sex on him while she attempts to seduce him to steal keys. She ultimately knocks him unconscious with a telephone and steals the keys. The opening sequence of the 2006 film \"Shortbus\" shows James (Paul Dawson) fellating himself on videotape; like all of \"Shortbus\"s sexual content, the scene was unsimulated. In 1993, American feminist artist Kiki Smith created a beeswax life-size sculpture", "title": "Autofellatio" }, { "id": "8219088", "text": "Joelle Carter Joelle Marie Carter (born October 10, 1972) is an American actress and producer. She is known for playing Ava Crowder in the FX series \"Justified\". Carter was born in Thomasville, Georgia, and she was an army brat. Her father, Jimmy, was in the U.S. Army and the family moved often throughout the United States. She attended high school in Albany, Georgia, and enrolled at Augusta State University on a full athletic scholarship for swimming and cross-country. She has been featured on many movies, most notably the opening scene in \"American Pie 2\". She also has an extensive resume", "title": "Joelle Carter" }, { "id": "5640078", "text": "Regina Hall Regina Lee Hall (born December 12, 1970) is an American film and television actress and comedian. She is perhaps best known for her lead role as Brenda Meeks in the \"Scary Movie\" film series (2000–2006). Hall, who was an English major in college and studied journalism in graduate school, envisioned a career as a journalist, but ventured into acting in her late twenties. Hall has appeared on numerous television series, most prominently in a recurring role on the comedy series \"Ally McBeal\" (2001–2002). Her other significant films include \"The Best Man\" (1999) and its sequel \"The Best Man", "title": "Regina Hall" }, { "id": "5640094", "text": "Regina Hall Regina Lee Hall (born December 12, 1970) is an American film and television actress and comedian. She is perhaps best known for her lead role as Brenda Meeks in the \"Scary Movie\" film series (2000–2006). Hall, who was an English major in college and studied journalism in graduate school, envisioned a career as a journalist, but ventured into acting in her late twenties. Hall has appeared on numerous television series, most prominently in a recurring role on the comedy series \"Ally McBeal\" (2001–2002). Her other significant films include \"The Best Man\" (1999) and its sequel \"The Best Man", "title": "Regina Hall" }, { "id": "6282085", "text": "Nicki Aycox Nicki Lynn Aycox (born May 26, 1975) is an American actress and musician, known for her roles in \"Supernatural\", \"Jeepers Creepers 2\", \"Perfect Stranger\" and \"\". She released her debut EP, \"Red Velvet Room\", in 2015. Aycox was born in Hennessey, Oklahoma. She has Native American ancestry and a younger brother, Steve. As a child, Aycox played the piano and sang in beauty pageants. Her early acting appearances include \"3rd Rock from the Sun\", \"USA High\", \"Boy Meets World\", \"The X-Files\" and a recurring role in \"Providence\". In 2003, Aycox played Minxie Hayes, a psychic cheerleader, in \"Jeepers", "title": "Nicki Aycox" }, { "id": "17651310", "text": "The prologue for \"Scary Movie 2\" was a short parody of several scenes from the original. Mexican comics \"Los Polivoces\" (The Multivoices), made a copy-parody, called \"El Exorcista\". Eduardo Manzano incarned the \"possession\" and hard make-up was used. Flying clothes were used as \"phantoms\" and rotoscophy techniques make his bed fly. A 1995 episode of \"The Simpsons\" (titled \"Home Sweet Homediddly-Dum-Doodily\") features Bart, Lisa and Maggie getting put under the care of the Flanders family. After Lisa reveals that neither she, Bart nor Maggie is baptized, Ned decides to baptize them. On the way to the baptism, Maggie turns her", "title": "The Exorcist" }, { "id": "5640083", "text": "together, which was my second film. And then, at that point, I was visiting L.A. to stay and it led to a third film and a fourth film. And it was really a big deal because I'd never been on a set before.\" It signaled a pivotal point for Hall’s career. As a key member of the all-star cast, she welcomed rising-star status in \"black-Hollywood\". Hall gained more recognition with her role in the comedy-horror-spoof \"Scary Movie\" (and the sequels \"Scary Movie 2\", \"Scary Movie 3\", and \"Scary Movie 4\") portraying the obnoxious, sex-crazed Brenda Meeks, and the TV movie", "title": "Regina Hall" }, { "id": "5625024", "text": "Regan MacNeil Regan Teresa MacNeil (born November 11, 1961; adaptations: c. September 1963) is a fictional character from William Peter Blatty's horror novel and film adaptation \"The Exorcist\" as a supporting character and its first sequel, \"\" and the sequel television series, \"The Exorcist\", as one of the main protagonists in season one. In both films, she was portrayed by Linda Blair and in the television series, she was played by Geena Davis. Regan MacNeil is a 12-year-old girl and the daughter of actress Chris MacNeil. Regan is caught between her mother's grueling working schedule and the fact that her", "title": "Regan MacNeil" }, { "id": "14900956", "text": "Ashley Bell (actress) Ashley Bell (born May 26, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Nell Sweetzer in the films \"The Last Exorcism\" and \"The Last Exorcism Part II\". Ashley Bell was born in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Victoria Carroll, an actress, and Michael Bell, an actor. Ashley attended the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University and graduated in 2007 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree. Following a string of film and television appearances on \"Boston Public\", \"\", the Mark Polish-penned \"Stay Cool\" and a four episode arc on", "title": "Ashley Bell (actress)" }, { "id": "4344663", "text": "heels. She also appeared as the vampire Diamondback in \"Near Dark\" (1987), Officer Meagan Shapiro in \"Lethal Weapon 2\" (1989), Janelle Voight in \"\" (1991), the science officer in \"Star Trek Generations\" (1994), and an Irish immigrant mother in \"Titanic\" (1997). Goldstein is now the proprietor of the store Jenette Bras, a large-cup bra specialist known for its slogan \"The alphabet starts at 'D'. Jenette Goldstein Jenette Elise Goldstein (born February 4, 1960) is an American actress, best known for her Saturn Award–winning role as Private Vasquez in the 1986 science fiction action film \"Aliens\". Goldstein was born in Los", "title": "Jenette Goldstein" }, { "id": "14900957", "text": "Showtime's \"The United States of Tara\". Bell made her feature film principal debut, starring as Nell Sweetzer, in the 2010 horror film \"The Last Exorcism\". Her performance garnered her a 2011 Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Ashley Bell (actress) Ashley Bell (born May 26, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Nell Sweetzer in the films \"The Last Exorcism\" and \"The Last Exorcism Part II\". Ashley Bell was born in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Victoria Carroll, an actress, and Michael Bell, an actor. Ashley attended the Tisch School of the", "title": "Ashley Bell (actress)" }, { "id": "8319997", "text": "Britt McKillip Britt McKillip (born January 18, 1991) is a Canadian actress and musician best known for her role in the movie \"Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktacular\" and its sequel \"\" as Hannah Marie, and for her role as Reggie Lass in the cable series \"Dead Like Me\", the film \"\" (based on the series), and her voiceover roles as Cloe in \"Bratz\" and in \"\" and in \"\". Her father is the producer Tom McKillip, and her mother the songwriter Lynda McKillip. She has an older sister, Carly McKillip, who is also an actress. Britt performs together with Carly in", "title": "Britt McKillip" }, { "id": "2988365", "text": "film. Despite scheduling difficulties, Craven took their desire to participate in the film despite their workload as a compliment to the film's quality. The cast was rounded out by Lewis Arquette, father of David Arquette, as a local Sheriff in charge of investigating the new murders, Duane Martin as Gale's cameraman Joel, Jada Pinkett and Omar Epps as Maureen Evans and Phil Stevens, patrons of the fictional \"Stab\" film who become the film's opening victims, and Portia de Rossi and Rebecca Gayheart as sorority sisters Murphy and Lois. Gayheart had auditioned for the role of Tatum Riley in \"Scream\" and", "title": "Scream 2" }, { "id": "18687479", "text": "12, 2016. She was also cast as Sasha in \"First Girl I Loved\", starring opposite Dylan Gelula and Mateo Arias. In July 2017, Hildebrand was added to the main cast for season two of \"The Exorcist\". Regarding her sexuality, Hildebrand has said, \"I learned pretty early on that I like both boys and girls\", as well as \"I am lucky to say now that it is not frightening for me living in LA to be gay. Even when I was in Texas, I wasn’t afraid. I was kind of out in high school. I just could never decide on what", "title": "Brianna Hildebrand" }, { "id": "903101", "text": "shows. Saunders won a BAFTA, an Emmy Award and international acclaim for writing and playing the lead role of Edina Monsoon in \"Absolutely Fabulous\", which also led to cameo roles in the American sitcoms \"Roseanne\" and \"Friends\". She won an American People's Choice Award for voicing the wicked Fairy Godmother in the DreamWorks animated film \"Shrek 2\", but more recently she has written and starred in another two BBC sitcoms, \"Jam and Jerusalem\" and \"The Life and Times of Vivienne Vyle\". Her other work includes being the face of Barclays Bank and BBC America. Meanwhile, French starred in the highly", "title": "French and Saunders" }, { "id": "7582638", "text": "Kitty Winn Katherine Tupper \"Kitty\" Winn (born February 21, 1944) is an American theatre and film actress. She is best known for her roles as the heroin addict Helen in the romantic drama \"The Panic in Needle Park\" and her recurring role of Sharon Spencer in the horror film franchise \"The Exorcist\". Kitty Winn was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of army officer James J. Winn and Molly Brown Winn. Winn traveled widely during much of her childhood, including time spent in the United States, England, Germany, China, India and Japan. Her mother is the stepdaughter of U.S. Army", "title": "Kitty Winn" }, { "id": "13233164", "text": "Eden Falls(2017); co-written by Victor Miller, creator of Friday the 13th. Dietz has been married to Thomas Albany since March 1984. Eileen Dietz Eileen Dietz (born January 11, 1944) is an American actress who is best known for her appearances in many horror films such as the face of the demon in \"The Exorcist\" and for her portrayal of characters on the soap operas \"Guiding Light\" and \"General Hospital\". As a child, Dietz appeared in commercials with her twin sister Marianne DeFossey, and beginning at the age of 12 she started studying acting at the Neighborhood Playhouse. She made her", "title": "Eileen Dietz" }, { "id": "8319998", "text": "the country group One More Girl. Their debut album, \"Big Sky\", was released on October 6, 2009, in Canada. The group released a new single \"The Hard Way\" in 2014. Britt McKillip Britt McKillip (born January 18, 1991) is a Canadian actress and musician best known for her role in the movie \"Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktacular\" and its sequel \"\" as Hannah Marie, and for her role as Reggie Lass in the cable series \"Dead Like Me\", the film \"\" (based on the series), and her voiceover roles as Cloe in \"Bratz\" and in \"\" and in \"\". Her father", "title": "Britt McKillip" }, { "id": "1959614", "text": "received positive reviews from audiences and was a box office success, grossing $278 million worldwide on a $19 million budget. An 18-year-old girl named Drew Decker (Carmen Electra) receives a threatening phone call while home alone one night. Drew is chased outside by Ghostface, who stabs her in the breast, removing one of her silicone breast implants. She is hit by a vehicle driven by her father, who was distracted by oral sex by his wife, and is then subsequently murdered by Ghostface. The next morning, Cindy Campbell (Anna Faris) meets up with her boyfriend Bobby (Jon Abrahams) and her", "title": "Scary Movie" }, { "id": "2988343", "text": "Scream 2 Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson. It stars Neve Campbell, David Arquette, Courteney Cox, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Laurie Metcalf, Jamie Kennedy, Jerry O'Connell, Jada Pinkett and Liev Schreiber. The film was released on December 12, 1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the \"Scream\" film series. The film takes place two years after the first film and again follows the character of Sidney Prescott (Campbell), now a student at the fictional Windsor College, who becomes the target of a copycat killer using the guise of", "title": "Scream 2" }, { "id": "3143432", "text": "with Mr. Cooper\" and provided the voice of Toof for the animated children's series \"Waynehead\" (based on brother Damon's real life childhood experiences). After a supporting stint in the gang drama \"New Blood\" (1999) Wayans' film fortunes increased dramatically when he co-starred with his brother Marlon in a hit film directed by their older brother Keenen: \"Scary Movie\" (1999–2000), a comic satire (which he also co wrote) on the then-recent trend of horror films like \"Scream\". Wayans played the apparently closeted Ray Wilkins, a role he reprised for the similarly popular 2001 sequel \"Scary Movie 2\". To date, Wayans has", "title": "Shawn Wayans" }, { "id": "19561898", "text": "Madison Wolfe Madison Wolfe (born October 16, 2002) is an American actress. She made her film debut in the adventure drama \"On the Road\" (2012) and her television debut in the HBO series \"True Detective\" (2014). She starred in the horror film \"The Conjuring 2\" (2016), and as Barbara Thorson in the fantasy/drama film \"I Kill Giants\" (2017). Wolfe's sister, Meghan, is also an actress. Wolfe made her film debut in the adventure drama film \"On The Road\" portraying the role of Dodie Lee. She then appeared in \"The Campaign\" and \"Devil's Due\". Wolfe appeared in \"Joy\" as the younger", "title": "Madison Wolfe" }, { "id": "17186294", "text": "Later on, she did the stage reading for \"Martha Marcy May Marlene\", then she cast it, and that was my first movie. In 2012, director David Chase invited her to play a small role which he wrote specifically for her in his movie \"Not Fade Away\". Her first starring role was in the 2012 movie, \"Electrick Children\". In 2013, she starred alongside Ashley Bell in the horror film \"The Last Exorcism Part II\", and played the lead in the American remake of the Mexican horror film \"We Are What We Are\". Garner co-starred in \"\" (2014) as new character Marcy,", "title": "Julia Garner" }, { "id": "3185481", "text": "the role in two of its sequels. Lyonne's other films during this period included \"Detroit Rock City\", \"\" (both 1999), \"Scary Movie 2\", \"The Grey Zone\", \"Kate & Leopold\" (all 2001), \"Party Monster\" (2003), and \"\" (2004). Lyonne's subsequent film appearances include \"All About Evil\" (2010), \"\" (2011), \"Girl Most Likely\", \"Loitering with Intent\", \"Sleeping with Other People\", \"Hello My Name Is Doris\", \"Addicted to Fresno\", \"#Horror\", \"Yoga Hosers\", \"Antibirth\", \"The Intervention\", and \"\". In 2019, she will appear alongside Lucas Hedges and Shia LaBeouf in LaBeouf’s autobiographical film \"Honey Boy\". Lyonne made her New York stage debut in the", "title": "Natasha Lyonne" }, { "id": "10837662", "text": "Sunny Flare in \"\" and 2017 \"Equestria Girls\" special, \"\". Irvin released a demo music album in 2003. She has been known to give live performances in Vancouver and Los Angeles. Her music has never been mass-released, but some of the tracks have been found at sites like YouTube. Britt Irvin Brittney Elizabeth Irvin (born November 10, 1984) is a Canadian actress and singer. She has also done voiceover work for Ocean Productions. Irvin is best known for playing Katie in \"Scary Godmother: Halloween Spooktacular\" and its sequel \"\". She was first billed as Britt Irvin in a 2001 episode", "title": "Britt Irvin" }, { "id": "20403329", "text": "misled into believing that she's an accomplished consultant and hires her to handle a major business deal. In June 2017, Jennifer Lopez signed on to star. In October 2017, Leah Remini, Annaleigh Ashford, Vanessa Hudgens, Dan Bucatinsky and Freddie Stroma joined the cast of the film. In November 2017, Milo Ventimiglia, Treat Williams, Larry Miller, Dave Foley, Charlyne Yi and Alan Aisenberg joined the cast of the film. Principal photography began on October 23, 2017, at Food Bazaar Supermarket in Queens, New York and has continued in The Bronx and Manhattan, including Michael Jordan's Steakhouse in Grand Central Terminal. Filming", "title": "Second Act (film)" }, { "id": "4652441", "text": "Teri Weigel Teresa \"Teri\" Susan Weigel (born February 24, 1962) is an American pornographic actress, fashion and nude model and \"Playboy\" Playmate. Weigel was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and grew up in Deerfield Beach, Florida. She began modeling while in her teens, appearing in the Saks Fifth Avenue catalog among other venues. Weigel appeared on the cover of the November 1985 issue of \"Playboy\", and was the Playboy Playmate for April 1986. She also appeared in a number of \"Playboy\" videos. She subsequently had several minor roles in mainstream film, including \"Predator 2\" and \"Marked for Death\", and made", "title": "Teri Weigel" }, { "id": "14092743", "text": "Neith Hunter Neith Andrina Hunter (born December 3, 1960) is an American model and actress. She began her modeling career in the 1980s in her home town of San Francisco, California, where she was discovered as a teen by John Casablancas, she was the first graduate of his exclusive model training center. French couturier Hubert de Givenchy offered her an exclusive contract to work for his House of Givenchy in Paris. She would later appear in several films, including \"Fright Night 2\" (1988) and \"\" (1990). Hunter became an international model on runways and in print appearing regularly in publications", "title": "Neith Hunter" }, { "id": "8945268", "text": "Tawny Moyer Tawny Moyer, born March 30, 1957 to Neil and Harlene Moyer, is an American actress who starred in film and television. She is likely best known for her role as Jill Franco, the nurse in the 1981 horror film \"Halloween II\". Her first feature role was in the 1978 film \"California Suite\". She is married to actor Patrick St. Esprit. Moyer also appeared in films such as \"Looker\" (1981), \"A Fine Mess\" (1986), \"House of the Rising Sun\" (1987), and the 2001 film \"Thank Heaven\". Moyer has made many guest appearances on television shows; she appeared in the", "title": "Tawny Moyer" }, { "id": "7582641", "text": "For this performance, she was nominated for a best actress award by the San Francisco Bay Area Theatre Critics Circle. Kitty Winn Katherine Tupper \"Kitty\" Winn (born February 21, 1944) is an American theatre and film actress. She is best known for her roles as the heroin addict Helen in the romantic drama \"The Panic in Needle Park\" and her recurring role of Sharon Spencer in the horror film franchise \"The Exorcist\". Kitty Winn was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of army officer James J. Winn and Molly Brown Winn. Winn traveled widely during much of her childhood, including", "title": "Kitty Winn" }, { "id": "17144323", "text": "Michelle Lee (actress) Michelle Lee (born August 2, 1978) (also known as Michelle Charlene Lee and Michelle C. Lee) is a Chinese American female martial artist, stuntwoman and actress. Since early 2000s, Lee played and provided stunts and motion capture for dozens of films, series and video games, including for the roles of Ada Wong in \"Resident Evil 6\" and Mileena in the second season of \"\". Various roles: \"\" (2000), \"\" (2002), \"\" (2003), \"\" (2004), \"\" (2005), \"Gears of War\" (2006), \"Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix\" (2008), \"\" (2009), \"\" (2010), \"Blur\" (2010), \"\" (2011), \"Sleeping", "title": "Michelle Lee (actress)" }, { "id": "3352904", "text": "Maureen Teefy Maureen Jane Teefy (born October 26, 1953) is an American actress. Mostly active from 1979 through 1998, she may be best known for her appearances in the films \"Fame\" (1980), \"Grease 2\" (1982) and \" Supergirl\" (1984). Teefy was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, one of eight sisters in a large Irish Catholic family. Her mother was a nurse and her father was an insurance salesman. In 1971, she graduated from Washburn High School. Her first film role was a small part as a U.S.O. singer in the 1979 Steven Spielberg comedy \"1941\" and in the same year she", "title": "Maureen Teefy" }, { "id": "11549060", "text": "Amelia Campbell Amelia Campbell (born August 4, 1965) is a Canadian-born, American-raised actress. She was born in Montreal, Quebec, but grew up in Ithaca, New York. A stage and film actress, she has appeared in such films as \"The Paper\", \"My Louisiana Sky\", \"Single White Female\", and \"Lorenzo's Oil\". Campbell was born in Montreal but grew up in Ithaca, New York. She graduated from Syracuse University in 1988. She is married to Anthony Arkin (b. 1967), younger brother of actor Adam Arkin. In 1990, Campbell played a small role in \"The Exorcist III\". In 1992 she played roles in \"Single", "title": "Amelia Campbell" }, { "id": "13233159", "text": "Eileen Dietz Eileen Dietz (born January 11, 1944) is an American actress who is best known for her appearances in many horror films such as the face of the demon in \"The Exorcist\" and for her portrayal of characters on the soap operas \"Guiding Light\" and \"General Hospital\". As a child, Dietz appeared in commercials with her twin sister Marianne DeFossey, and beginning at the age of 12 she started studying acting at the Neighborhood Playhouse. She made her television debut in 1963 in a small guest role on \"The Doctors\". Shortly thereafter she landed a recurring role on the", "title": "Eileen Dietz" }, { "id": "17017854", "text": "in a found footage format. The film received generally negative reviews compared to the first film but was a box office success nonetheless. A couple, Jared (Judd Lormand) and Lily (Boyana Balta), finds a demonic-looking Nell Sweetzer (Ashley Bell) squatting next to their refrigerator. She soon is taken to a hospital, where she appears to be catatonic. After spending a few months at the insightful and caring therapist Frank's (Muse Watson) home for girls in New Orleans and settling in as a chambermaid at a hotel under the supervision of her boss Beverly (Diva Tyler), Nell's condition seems to have", "title": "The Last Exorcism Part II" }, { "id": "2805274", "text": "Shrek 2 Shrek 2 is a 2004 American computer-animated, comedy film directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon. It is the sequel to 2001's \"Shrek\" and the second installment in the \"Shrek\" film franchise. The film stars Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz, who reprise their respective voice roles of Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona. They are joined by new characters voiced by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, and Jennifer Saunders. \"Shrek 2\" takes place following the events of the first film, with Shrek and Donkey meeting Fiona's parents as her zealous Fairy Godmother, who", "title": "Shrek 2" }, { "id": "6951001", "text": "Christine Elise Christine Elise (born February 12, 1965) is an American film and television actress. She is best known for her roles as Emily Valentine in \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" and Kyle in \"Child's Play 2\" (1990), and Cult of Chucky (2017, Cameo, Unrated Version Only). Born Christine Elise McCarthy in Boston, Massachusetts, the daughter of artists, she graduated from the Boston Latin School in 1983. According to his 2014 book, \"Jason Priestley, A Memoir\", Jason Priestley writes that in 1992, he and Christine lived together and shared their lives for five years. Elise had a recurring role in the final", "title": "Christine Elise" }, { "id": "14744031", "text": "\"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" as \"Clementine\". She most recently won the role of Tanner Tarlton in \"What About Love\" (2013). Marielle Jaffe Jaclyn Marielle Jaffe (born June 23, 1989) is an American actress, singer and model. Jaffe was born in Valencia, California. She made her feature film debut as Aphrodite Girl in the 2010 film, \"\". In April 2011, she landed a lead role in Wes Craven's slasher film \"Scream 4\", playing Olivia Morris. Later that year she played the wife of Taylor Lautner's character in Funny or Die's spoof, \"Field of Dreams 2: Lockout\". She participated", "title": "Marielle Jaffe" }, { "id": "3328071", "text": "A Love Story\". The film tells the story of an obsessive relationship between a director and an actress. Prepon was named one of \"Stuff\" magazine's \"102 Sexiest Women In The World\" in 2002 and one of \"Maxim\" magazine's \"Hot 100\" in 2005. Prepon had a cameo voice appearance as a United Nations Space Command marine in \"Halo 2\", which was released in 2004. Her first notable film role came in 2004 with the dark drama \"Lightning Bug\" with Bret Harrison, Kevin Gage and Ashley Laurence. Branching into other arenas than acting, Prepon also served as executive producer of the film.", "title": "Laura Prepon" }, { "id": "3544876", "text": "Scary Movie 3 Scary Movie 3 is a 2003 American horror comedy film, which parodies the horror, sci-fi, and mystery genres. It is the third film in the \"Scary Movie\" franchise, and the first to be directed by David Zucker. The film stars Anna Faris and Regina Hall reprising their roles as Cindy Campbell and Brenda Meeks, respectively. New cast members include Charlie Sheen, Simon Rex, Anthony Anderson, Kevin Hart, and Leslie Nielsen. It is the first film in the series to feature no involvement from the Wayans family. The characters of Shorty Meeks and Ray Wilkins, previously played by", "title": "Scary Movie 3" }, { "id": "3544892", "text": "This is the first film in the series to be rated PG-13. The first two films were R-rated. Scary Movie 3 Scary Movie 3 is a 2003 American horror comedy film, which parodies the horror, sci-fi, and mystery genres. It is the third film in the \"Scary Movie\" franchise, and the first to be directed by David Zucker. The film stars Anna Faris and Regina Hall reprising their roles as Cindy Campbell and Brenda Meeks, respectively. New cast members include Charlie Sheen, Simon Rex, Anthony Anderson, Kevin Hart, and Leslie Nielsen. It is the first film in the series to", "title": "Scary Movie 3" }, { "id": "13470905", "text": "Kung Fu Panda 2 Kung Fu Panda 2 is a 2011 American computer-animated comedy-drama martial arts film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The sequel to 2008's \"Kung Fu Panda\", it is the second installment in the \"Kung Fu Panda\" franchise, and was directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson in her directorial debut. The film stars Jack Black, Angelina Jolie, Dustin Hoffman, Seth Rogen, Lucy Liu, David Cross, James Hong, and Jackie Chan reprising their character roles from the first film, with Gary Oldman, Michelle Yeoh, Danny McBride, Dennis Haysbert, Jean-Claude Van Damme and Victor Garber voicing new", "title": "Kung Fu Panda 2" }, { "id": "15155408", "text": "Carell, Russell Brand, Miranda Cosgrove, Dana Gaier and Elsie Fisher were returning to reprise their roles. Kristen Wiig, who voiced Miss Hattie in the original film, voices Lucy Wilde, an agent of the Anti-Villain League (AVL) who recruits Gru to track and take down a tough, Mexican villain named El Macho. Steve Coogan joined the cast as Silas Ramsbottom, the head of the Anti-Villain League. On May 3, 2013, just a month before the film's premiere, producers announced that Al Pacino had left the film over creative differences about how his character should come to life. At the time of", "title": "Despicable Me 2" }, { "id": "1502698", "text": "and playing Lola in \"Damn Yankees!\" (1961) and Irma in \"Irma la Douce\" (1965) in regional productions. Newmar appeared in the music video for George Michael's 1992 single \"Too Funky\", and had a cameo as herself in the 1995 film \"To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar\". Her voice work includes the animated feature films \"\" (2016) and \"Batman vs. Two-Face\" (2017), where she reprised her role as Catwoman 50 years after the original television series. Newmar was born on August 16, 1933 in Los Angeles, California, the eldest of three children born to Don and Helen (Jesmer) Newmeyer.", "title": "Julie Newmar" }, { "id": "2988390", "text": "complimentary of Beltrami's contribution, saying the score \"perfectly captured the post-modern, hip scare-ride of the Scream movies\", and awarded it 3 stars out of 5. Scream 2 Scream 2 is a 1997 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson. It stars Neve Campbell, David Arquette, Courteney Cox, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Laurie Metcalf, Jamie Kennedy, Jerry O'Connell, Jada Pinkett and Liev Schreiber. The film was released on December 12, 1997 by Dimension Films as the second installment in the \"Scream\" film series. The film takes place two years after the first film and again follows the", "title": "Scream 2" }, { "id": "3269974", "text": "her to be hospitalized and ultimately taken out of consideration. Denise Nickerson, who played Violet Beauregarde in \"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory,\" was considered, but the material troubled her parents too much, and they pulled her out of consideration. Anissa Jones, known for her role as Buffy in \"Family Affair,\" auditioned for the role, but she too was rejected, for much the same reason as Ferdin. The part went instead to Blair, a relative unknown until the film's success. The question of whether or not such a young actress, even a talented one, could carry the film on her", "title": "The Exorcist (film)" }, { "id": "14092746", "text": "Other films include\"Less Than Zero\" (1987), \"Fright Night Part 2\" (1988) and Brian Yuzna's \"\" (1990). Hunter attended the California Institute of the Arts and graduated with a BFA degree in studio art in 2002. She has one child with songwriter Andrew Scandal and was married to author Warren Fahy in 2009. Neith Hunter Neith Andrina Hunter (born December 3, 1960) is an American model and actress. She began her modeling career in the 1980s in her home town of San Francisco, California, where she was discovered as a teen by John Casablancas, she was the first graduate of his", "title": "Neith Hunter" }, { "id": "11813783", "text": "similar in their protectable elements as a matter of law\". In November 2010, Owen Wilson, Larry the Cable Guy, Michael Caine, Emily Mortimer, Jason Isaacs, Joe Mantegna, Peter Jacobson, Bonnie Hunt, Tony Shalhoub, Cheech Marin, and Thomas Kretschmann were confirmed as the voice talent featured in the film. From November 2010 until May 2011, Disney released information about the other voice talent, including Jenifer Lewis, Katherine Helmond, Michael Wallis, Darrell Waltrip, Franco Nero, Vanessa Redgrave, Bruce Campbell, Sig Hansen, Michel Michelis, Jeff Gordon, Lewis Hamilton, Brent Musburger, David Hobbs, John Turturro, and Eddie Izzard. The \"Cars 2\" soundtrack was released", "title": "Cars 2" }, { "id": "2988363", "text": "Neal as Sidney's friend and roommate Hallie, Jerry O'Connell as Sidney's boyfriend Derek, Timothy Olyphant as Mickey and Laurie Metcalf as local reporter Debbie Salt, later revealed as Mrs. Loomis, mother of Billy Loomis from \"Scream\". Many of the actors involved in the production, including Campbell, Cox, Gellar, and O'Connell were starring in their own television series at the time, allowing the production limited availability to schedule their involvement. Gellar in particular was in-between filming of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and had only recently finished work on another Williamson-penned film, \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" (1997). Despite the", "title": "Scream 2" }, { "id": "15155398", "text": "Despicable Me 2 Despicable Me 2 is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated comedy film and the sequel to the 2010 animated film \"Despicable Me\". Produced by Illumination Entertainment for Universal Pictures and animated by Illumination Mac Guff, the film was directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud, and written by Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio. Steve Carell, Russell Brand, Miranda Cosgrove, Elsie Fisher, and Dana Gaier reprise their roles as Gru, Dr. Nefario, Margo, Agnes, and Edith respectively. Kristen Wiig, who played Miss Hattie in the first film, voices agent Lucy Wilde, while Ken Jeong, who played the Talk Show", "title": "Despicable Me 2" }, { "id": "12799276", "text": "with her cast members and garnering a Critics' Choice Television Award nomination Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Hyland is also known for her roles in the films \"Geek Charming\" (2011), \"Struck by Lightning\" (2012), \"Scary Movie 5\" (2013), \"Vampire Academy\" (2014), \"See You in Valhalla\" (2015) and \"Dirty Dancing\" (2017). Hyland was born in Manhattan, New York, the daughter of actors Melissa Canaday and Edward James Hyland. She is the sister of actor Ian Hyland. She attended the Professional Performing Arts School in Manhattan. Hyland has been acting since her first role as Howard Stern's daughter in the", "title": "Sarah Hyland" }, { "id": "10882388", "text": "Traci Lind Traci Lind (born Traci Lin Wemes April 1, 1968, in Louisville, Kentucky) is an American film actress who is known for playing Alex Young in \"Fright Night Part 2\", Christie Langford in \"Class of 1999\" and Missy McCloud in \"My Boyfriend's Back\". She also starred in \"The Road to Wellville\" and \"The End of Violence\". She was billed in \"Fright Night Part 2\" and \"Spellcaster\" as Traci Lin. She began modeling at age 13 after being discovered by Elite's head, John Casablancas. In 1997, Lind went public with accusations of abuse regarding former boyfriend Dodi Fayed, who later", "title": "Traci Lind" }, { "id": "4643779", "text": "Mercedes McNab Mercedes Alicia McNab (born March 14, 1980 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian retired actress whose most known performances include Harmony Kendall on \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (1997–2001) and its spinoff \"Angel\" (2001–2004). She is also known for her role as pretentious Amanda Buckman in \"Addams Family Values\" (1993) and Misty in the horror films \"Hatchet\" (2007) and \"Hatchet 2\" (2010). An only child, McNab's father is former English soccer player Bob McNab. McNab received her first notable acting role in 1991 when she appeared as a girl scout selling cookies in \"The Addams Family.\" She then", "title": "Mercedes McNab" }, { "id": "13644015", "text": "Kerry Remsen Kerry Remsen is an American actress. She is the daughter of actor Bert Remsen and casting director Barbara Joyce Dodd, sister of Ann Remsen Manners and has been married to Ron Cates since 2006. She attended the U.S. Grant High School in Van Nuys, California. She has appeared in well over twenty different films and television programs. She was a regular and prominent cast member of Leah Laiman's 1990s soap opera, \"Tribes\". She is also most remembered by horror fans for her small part in \"A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge\", and supporting and co-starring roles", "title": "Kerry Remsen" }, { "id": "12174853", "text": "on her acting career and work with animals. It attempted to find a series that would write a role for her as \"an actor's piece\", rather than a cameo. Kripke, a fan of \"The Exorcist\", offered to write an episode specifically for her, and she was \"really touched\" when he listened to her request to leave out demons in the storyline. During automated dialogue replacement, Jensen Ackles added in a reference to \"The Exorcist\" with the statement, \"I could really go for some pea soup.\" The casting of \"Battlestar Galactica\" Tricia Helfer in \"Roadkill\" stemmed from the producers' preference to", "title": "Supernatural (season 2)" }, { "id": "4643781", "text": "the cancellation of \"Angel,\" McNab has gone on to guest star in popular TV shows including \"Psych\" and \"Supernatural.\" In 2007, she appeared as a lead role in the horror-slasher movie \"Hatchet\", directed by Adam Green. She later briefly appeared in the 2010 sequel \"Hatchet 2\" and has since starred in a number of Direct-to-DVD horror movies such as \"Dark Reel\" and \"Thirst,\" as well as the TV movie \"Vipers\" alongside Tara Reid. McNab retired in 2011. McNab was the cover model for, and featured in a nude pictorial in, the November 2006 issue of Playboy magazine. McNab and Mark", "title": "Mercedes McNab" }, { "id": "3269977", "text": "with the demon confronting the two priests lacked the dramatic power required and selected legendary radio actress Mercedes McCambridge, an experienced voice actress, to provide the demon's voice. After filming, Warner Brothers did not include a credit for McCambridge during early screenings of the film, which led to Screen Actors Guild arbitration before she was credited for her performance. Ken Nordine was also considered for the demon's voice, but Friedkin thought it would be best not to use a man's voice. Greek actor Titos Vandis was cast in the role of Father's Karras's uncle. He wore a hat in one", "title": "The Exorcist (film)" }, { "id": "7054854", "text": "the age of 18 Zehetner started an acting career, something she had been interested in since she was 8, and moved to Los Angeles. She appeared in \"Tart\" (2001), \"American Pie 2\" (2001), \"R.S.V.P.\" (2002), \"May\" (2002), and \"The Song of Rose\" (2003), as well as in other films and several TV series and commercials. Zehetner is best known for her role as Laynie Hart on the WB's show \"Everwood\". In \"Brick\", which won the Special Jury Prize for Originality of Vision at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival, Zehetner plays the femme fatale Laura. The soundtrack CD of this film,", "title": "Nora Zehetner" }, { "id": "4473060", "text": "Sprague Grayden Sprague Grayden (born July 21, 1980) is an American actress. She played schoolteacher Heather Lisinski in the television drama \"Jericho\", Karen Kawalski in \"John Doe\", first daughter Olivia Taylor in the television thriller \"24\", and Kristi Rey in the films \"Paranormal Activity 2\" and \"3\". Grayden was born in Manchester, Massachusetts to two schoolteachers. Sprague is her mother's maiden name. She had a younger brother, Benjamin Grayden, who died in 1999 due to injuries sustained in a fall. Grayden graduated with a degree in American Studies from Barnard College, where she was a performer of the drama department.", "title": "Sprague Grayden" }, { "id": "14744030", "text": "Marielle Jaffe Jaclyn Marielle Jaffe (born June 23, 1989) is an American actress, singer and model. Jaffe was born in Valencia, California. She made her feature film debut as Aphrodite Girl in the 2010 film, \"\". In April 2011, she landed a lead role in Wes Craven's slasher film \"Scream 4\", playing Olivia Morris. Later that year she played the wife of Taylor Lautner's character in Funny or Die's spoof, \"Field of Dreams 2: Lockout\". She participated with another Funny or Die short, \"Hollywood Takes a Stand Against Planking\". She landed a recurring role on ABC Family's hit TV show", "title": "Marielle Jaffe" }, { "id": "5837493", "text": "Scary Movie 4 Scary Movie 4 is a 2006 American horror comedy film and the fourth film in the \"Scary Movie\" franchise, as well as the first film in the franchise to be released under The Weinstein Company banner since the purchase of Dimension Films from Disney. It was directed by David Zucker, written by Jim Abrahams, Craig Mazin, and Pat Proft, and produced by Robert K. Weiss and Craig Mazin. The film marks the final franchise appearances of the main stars, Anna Faris and Regina Hall (who portray Cindy and Brenda, respectively), and concludes the original story arc. This", "title": "Scary Movie 4" }, { "id": "3207793", "text": "Ali Larter Alison Elizabeth Larter (born February 28, 1976) is an American actress. She portrayed fictional model Allegra Coleman in a 1996 \"Esquire\" magazine hoax and took on guest roles on several television shows in the 1990s. She made her film debut in \"Varsity Blues\" (1999), which was followed by the horror films \"House on Haunted Hill\" (1999), \"Final Destination\" (2000) and \"Final Destination 2\" (2003). Her role as Clear Rivers in the latter two films earned her a reputation as a scream queen. Larter played major supporting roles in the comedy \"Legally Blonde\" (2001) and the romantic comedy \"A", "title": "Ali Larter" }, { "id": "20935982", "text": "Courtenay Taylor Courtenay Kellen Taylor (born July 19, 1969) is an American voice actress, known for her roles as Jack in \"Mass Effect 2\" and \"3\", Ada Wong in the \"Resident Evil\" series, the title character in \"OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes\" and the female Sole Survivor in \"Fallout 4\". Before she got into voice acting, Taylor was a boxing gym mentor, teaching in fitness classes. Taylor has been named has one of the most prolific voice actors in the gaming industry, having been working in the genre since 2002 with \"American Idol\". As of 2017, she had worked on", "title": "Courtenay Taylor" }, { "id": "2914695", "text": "Exorcist II: The Heretic Exorcist II: The Heretic is a 1977 American horror film directed by John Boorman and written by William Goodhart. It stars Linda Blair, Richard Burton, Louise Fletcher, Max von Sydow, Kitty Winn, Paul Henreid and James Earl Jones. It is a sequel to William Friedkin's 1973 film \"The Exorcist\" based on the 1971 novel by William Peter Blatty and the second installment of \"The Exorcist\" franchise. The film is set four years after the original film and centers on the now 16-year-old Regan MacNeil, who is still recovering from her previous demonic possession. The film was", "title": "Exorcist II: The Heretic" }, { "id": "19561899", "text": "version of Elisabeth Röhm. Then she appeared in \"The Conjuring 2\", directed by James Wan. The film was released on June 10, 2016. She starred in \"I Kill Giants\" opposite Zoe Saldana directed by Anders Walter. Madison Wolfe Madison Wolfe (born October 16, 2002) is an American actress. She made her film debut in the adventure drama \"On the Road\" (2012) and her television debut in the HBO series \"True Detective\" (2014). She starred in the horror film \"The Conjuring 2\" (2016), and as Barbara Thorson in the fantasy/drama film \"I Kill Giants\" (2017). Wolfe's sister, Meghan, is also an", "title": "Madison Wolfe" }, { "id": "3290665", "text": "Sanaa Lathan Sanaa McCoy Lathan (born September 19, 1971) is an American actress and voice actress. She has starred in many films, including \"The Best Man\", its 2013 sequel, \"The Best Man Holiday\", \"Love & Basketball\", \"Brown Sugar\", \"Alien vs. Predator\", \"The Family That Preys\", \"Contagion\" and \"Now You See Me 2\". In theatre, Lathan was nominated for a Tony Award for her performance on Broadway in \"A Raisin in the Sun\" and starred in 2010 in the all-black performance of \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\" at the Novello Theatre in London. From 2009 to 2013, she voiced Donna", "title": "Sanaa Lathan" }, { "id": "12281326", "text": "Carmen Electra Tara Leigh Patrick (born April 20, 1972), better known by her stage name Carmen Electra, is an American glamour model, actress, television personality, singer, and dancer. She began her career as a singer after moving to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where she met Prince, who produced her debut record. She later relocated to Los Angeles, California, to pursue a career as an actress, gaining notoriety for her role as Lani McKenzie on the television series \"Baywatch\". She made her film debut in the horror comedy \"American Vampire\" (1998), and has had roles in multiple parody films, including \"Scary Movie\", \"Date", "title": "Carmen Electra" }, { "id": "1787470", "text": "\"the one to watch\". Budgeted at US$9 million, \"Set It Off\" made US$41 million globally. In 1997, Pinkett Smith had a cameo role in \"Scream 2\" as a college student who is brutally murdered in front of hundreds of cinemagoers. The film made more than US$100 million at the North American box office. In 1998, she played a news reporter in the thriller \"Return to Paradise\", with Joaquin Phoenix and Vince Vaughn, and took on the title role of an extroverted woman, alongside Tommy Davidson, in the comedy \"Woo\". While giving positive reviews to her performance in \"Woo\", Derek Armstrong", "title": "Jada Pinkett Smith" }, { "id": "10035517", "text": "for \"SNL\". Although set in Evanston, Illinois (a wealthy Chicago suburb), the film was mostly shot in Toronto. The film stars Lindsay Lohan, Rachel McAdams, Tina Fey, Lacey Chabert, Lizzy Caplan, Daniel Franzese, Jonathan Bennett and Amanda Seyfried (in her film debut) and features appearances from \"SNL\" cast members Tim Meadows, Ana Gasteyer and Amy Poehler. The film marks Lohan's second collaboration with director Waters, the first being \"Freaky Friday\", released a year earlier. The film was released on April 30, 2004 and grossed $129 million worldwide, it has developed a cult following. A direct-to-video sequel, \"Mean Girls 2\", premiered", "title": "Mean Girls" }, { "id": "9001382", "text": "end of her career in reality TV, Patridge continued to pursue acting, and was cast in a part in \"Scary Movie 5\"; however her scenes were cut from the finished film due to the scene being too risqué for the PG-13 movie. Patridge hosted the NBC late-night travel series \"1st Look\" in 2014 and 2015. Patridge has dated Corey Bohan, a motorcycle rider and professional BMX dirt bike rider, since 2008, and on November 20, 2015, Corey proposed after getting her parents' permission and she accepted. Patridge gave birth to daughter Kirra Max on June 24, 2016. The couple got", "title": "Audrina Patridge" }, { "id": "1959626", "text": "name!\" during sex with Bobby, similar to the sex scene between Michelle and Jim in \"American Pie\". A trailer for a fictitious sequel to \"Amistad\" titled \"Amistad II\" with elements of \"Titanic\" also appears in the movie theater scene. The film also makes other pop culture references beyond the scope of film, including a brief reference to \"Dawson's Creek\" and a parody of the \"Whassup?\" ad campaign by Budweiser. The tagline for the movie's poster was \"No Shame. No Mercy. No Sequel.\" When \"Scary Movie 2\" was released a year later, the tagline for the sequel was \"We Lied.\" \"Scary", "title": "Scary Movie" }, { "id": "12281332", "text": "and spokesperson for Max Factor cosmetics in their television and print ads. In 2007, Electra became a published author with the release of her book, \"How to Be Sexy\". She is the oldest cover girl in the publication history of FHM Magazine. In 1999, she appeared in the Bloodhound Gang's music video of \"The Inevitable Return of the Great White Dope\". That same year she appeared in the film \"The Mating Habits of the Earthbound Human\". Electra's 2000s feature film appearances include the horror film \"Scary Movie\" (2000). In 2004, she appeared in the remake of the 1970s TV show", "title": "Carmen Electra" }, { "id": "10882389", "text": "died in a car accident along with his new partner, Diana, Princess of Wales. Later that same year, she retired from acting. In a 2013 interview, Lind stated that her retirement was due to her desire to live a more normal, private life, saying \"I am an intensely private person, so the whole acting thing was just the wrong path for me\". Traci Lind Traci Lind (born Traci Lin Wemes April 1, 1968, in Louisville, Kentucky) is an American film actress who is known for playing Alex Young in \"Fright Night Part 2\", Christie Langford in \"Class of 1999\" and", "title": "Traci Lind" }, { "id": "13189243", "text": "she has walked the runway for designers such as Balenciaga, Lanvin, Karl Lagerfeld, Alexander Wang, Proenza Schouler, Ralph Lauren, Diane von Furstenberg, Givenchy, Chanel and Alexander McQueen. Seear has also pursued a career as an actress, and played the role of Heidi in the sequel to the movie \"Twilight\", \"New Moon\". Seear also made a guest appearance in season 2 of \"House of Lies\" in the episode \"Damonschildren.org\". Noot Seear Noot Seear (born Renata Seear; October 5, 1983) is a Canadian fashion model and actress. Seear was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. She was discovered in a shopping mall by", "title": "Noot Seear" }, { "id": "3428479", "text": "character, Chev Chelios (Jason Statham). She reprised the role in the sequel, \"\", released in 2009. Smart was a regular cast member in the short-lived 2006 CBS television series \"Smith\". She has also voiced characters in the animated series \"Robot Chicken\", created by Seth Green. Smart appeared as Joy in the 2006 movie \"Peaceful Warrior\", starring Scott Mechlowicz and Nick Nolte. She starred as Melissa in the 2008 independent film \"Seventh Moon\". In 2011, Smart joined the Showtime comedy-drama \"Shameless\" as recurring character Jasmine Hollander. She continued to guest star in season two. In 2014, Smart appeared in the Tyler", "title": "Amy Smart" }, { "id": "2826087", "text": "lost to Dorothy Malone in \"Written on the Wind\". In 1959, McCambridge appeared opposite Katharine Hepburn, Montgomery Clift and Elizabeth Taylor in the Joseph L. Mankiewicz film adaptation of Tennessee Williams' \"Suddenly, Last Summer\". McCambridge provided the dubbed voice of Pazuzu, the demon possessing the young girl Regan (played by Linda Blair) in \"The Exorcist\". To sound as disturbing as possible, McCambridge insisted on swallowing raw eggs, chain smoking and drinking whiskey to make her voice harsh and her performance aggressive. Director William Friedkin also arranged for her to be bound to a chair during recordings, so that the demon", "title": "Mercedes McCambridge" }, { "id": "1959757", "text": "the couple announced their separation, and filed for divorce on December 1, 2017. On October 16, 2018, it was announced that their divorce has been finalized. Anna Faris Anna Kay Faris (; born November 29, 1976) is an American actress, voice artist, producer, podcaster and author. Faris rose to prominence for her work in comedic roles, particularly the lead part of Cindy Campbell in the \"Scary Movie\" films (2000–2006). Her other films include \"The Hot Chick\" (2002), \"Lost in Translation\" (2003), \"Just Friends\" (2005), \"Smiley Face\" (2007), \"The House Bunny\" (2008), \"What's Your Number?\" (2011), \"The Dictator\" (2012), and \"Overboard\"", "title": "Anna Faris" }, { "id": "4832553", "text": "Timothy Olyphant Timothy David Olyphant (; ; born May 20, 1968) is an American actor and producer. He made his acting debut in an Off-Broadway theater in 1995 in \"The Monogamist\", winning the Theatre World Award for his performance, and then originated David Sedaris' \"The Santaland Diaries\" in 1996. He branched out to film; in the early years of his career, he was often cast in supporting villainous roles, most notably in \"Scream 2\" (1997), \"Go\" (1999), \"A Man Apart\" (2003) and \"The Girl Next Door\" (2004). He came to the attention of a wider audience with his portrayal of", "title": "Timothy Olyphant" }, { "id": "2607929", "text": "Piper Perabo Piper Lisa Perabo (; born October 31, 1976) is an American film and television actress. She is best known for playing CIA Agent Annie Walker in the spy drama series \"Covert Affairs\", which ran on the USA Network for five seasons between 2010 and 2014, receiving a Golden Globe nomination. Since her breakthrough starring role in \"Coyote Ugly\" (2000), Perabo has appeared in films such as \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" (2003), \"Cheaper by the Dozen 2\" (2005), \"The Prestige\" (2006), and \"Looper\" (2012). Perabo was born in Dallas, Texas, the daughter of Mary Charlotte (née Ulland), a physical", "title": "Piper Perabo" }, { "id": "9605363", "text": "Jessica Stroup Jessica Leigh Stroup (born October 23, 1986) is an American actress, best known for her role as Erin Silver on \"90210\", Max Hardy on \"The Following\", and Joy Meachum in \"Iron Fist\" which is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. She is regarded as a scream queen for starring in the horror films \"Prom Night\", \"Vampire Bats\", \"Left in Darkness\", and \"The Hills Have Eyes 2\". Stroup was born in Anderson, South Carolina, the daughter of Judith and Don Stroup, a senior vice president at MUFG Union Bank. She spent her childhood in Charlotte, North Carolina. She graduated", "title": "Jessica Stroup" } ]

[ "trias politica" ]

[ { "id": "3298711", "text": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in \"The Spirit of the Laws\", in which he argued for a constitutional government with three separate branches, each of which would have defined abilities to check the powers of the others. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "15351272", "text": "Madisonian model The Madisonian model is a structure of government in which the powers of the government are separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. This came about because the delegates saw the need to structure the government in such a way to prevent the imposition of tyranny by either majority or minority. James Madison proposed this governmental scheme so that the power and influence of each branch would be balanced by those of the others. The separation of powers is a result of Congress passing laws, the president enforcing laws, and the courts interpreting the laws. The three", "title": "Madisonian model" }, { "id": "427803", "text": "United States Constitution The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Articles Four, Five and Six embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the", "title": "United States Constitution" }, { "id": "427920", "text": "United States Constitution The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Articles Four, Five and Six embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the", "title": "United States Constitution" }, { "id": "4199685", "text": "by creating a system of checks and balances through the separation of powers. Articles One, Two, and Three of the Constitution create three separate branches of government, equal in level power, but different in responsibility, that all control the government. In assuming each branch would want to expand its powers, it was necessary that each have the ability to fend off power grabs from other branches. The three branches—legislative, executive, and judicial— compete with each other through certain powers that allow them to “check” the others and “balance” the government. Examples of this include the legislative branch's power to override", "title": "Limited government" }, { "id": "6003977", "text": "1781, the Articles of Confederation originally depicted the nation's government when it was a confederation of states. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was the legislature that had overarching power and authority, including that of appointments. In 1787, at the Philadelphia Convention, a proposal for a new system of government was constructed. Rather than having a single authoritative and dominating body, the delegates devised a plan for three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. Not only this, but the system of checks and balances was also created in order to prevent unequal power amongst branches.", "title": "Federalist No. 76" }, { "id": "3298747", "text": "at the state level is found in the Florida Supreme Court holding that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts. The State of New Hampshire also follows this system. Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in \"The Spirit of the Laws\", in which he argued for a constitutional government with three separate branches, each of which", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "387965", "text": "Separation of powers The separation of powers is a model for the governance of a state. Under this model, a state's government is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches. The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary, which is the trias politica model. It can be contrasted with the fusion of powers in some parliamentary systems where the executive and legislative branches overlap. Separation of powers, therefore, refers", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "id": "15351274", "text": "thus the power of the federal executive. As Fourth President of the United States Madison also exhibited his own principles regarding presidential conduct and the execution of powers. Foremost of these powers are: Madisonian model The Madisonian model is a structure of government in which the powers of the government are separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. This came about because the delegates saw the need to structure the government in such a way to prevent the imposition of tyranny by either majority or minority. James Madison proposed this governmental scheme so that the power and influence of", "title": "Madisonian model" }, { "id": "7267406", "text": "Economics\" in 1939. Paul Samuelson would later convert this from a positive theory to a normative theory. It is from the 1939 paper \"Voluntary Exchange Theory of Public Economy\" that 'The Musgrave Three-Function Framework' originates. This framework is the suggestion that government activity should be separated into three functions or \"branches,\" macroeconomic stabilization, income redistribution and resource allocation. The stabilization branch is to assure the achievement of high employment and price stability, the distribution branch is to achieve an equitable distribution of income, and the allocation branch is to see that resources are used efficiently. This conceptual division of the", "title": "Richard Musgrave (economist)" }, { "id": "1134104", "text": "of politics (政權, zhèngquán) are the powers of the people to express their political wishes, similar to those vested in the citizenry or the parliaments in other countries, and is represented by the National Assembly. There are four of these powers: election (選舉), recall (罷免), initiative (創制), and referendum (複決). These may be equated to \"civil rights\". The power of governance (治權, zhìquán) are the powers of administration. Here he expanded the European-American constitutional theory of a three-branch government and a system of checks and balances by incorporating traditional Chinese administrative tradition to create a government of five branches (each", "title": "Three Principles of the People" }, { "id": "387999", "text": "included features of many new concepts, including hard-learned historical lessons about the checks and balances of power. Similar concepts were also prominent in the state governments of the United States. As colonies of Great Britain, the founding fathers considered that the American states had suffered an abuse of the broad power of parliamentarism and monarchy. As a remedy, the US Constitution limits the powers of the federal government through various means, in particular, the three branches of the federal government are divided by exercising different functions, and the executive and legislative powers are separated in origin by separate elections and", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "id": "16772552", "text": "Separation of powers in Singapore Separation of powers in Singapore is founded on the concept of constitutionalism, which is itself primarily based upon distrust of power and thus the desirability of limited government. To achieve this, the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore splits the power to govern the country between three branches of government – the legislature, which makes laws; the executive, which executes them; and the judiciary, which enforces them. Each branch, while wielding legitimate power and being protected from external influences, is subjected to a system of checks and balances by the other branches to prevent abuse", "title": "Separation of powers in Singapore" }, { "id": "15333855", "text": "settled; one house of Congress would provide proportional representation, whereas the other would provide equal representation.To preserve further the authority of the states, the compromise proposed that state legislatures, rather than the people, would elect senators. To protect against abuse of power at the federal level, the Constitution mandated separation of powers, with responsibilities divided among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The Constitution was ratified by the end of 1788, and its full implementation was set for March 4, 1789. The Constitution remained the main issue for Americans until the 1792 elections, consisting of a battle between the U.S.", "title": "History of the United States Congress" }, { "id": "427928", "text": "branches of the federal government. This separation of powers, by which each department may exercise only its own constitutional powers and no others, is fundamental to the idea of a limited government accountable to the people. The separation of powers principle is particularly noteworthy in regard to the Congress. The Constitution declares that the Congress may exercise only those legislative powers \"herein granted\" within Article I (as later limited by the Tenth Amendment). It also, by implied extension, prohibits Congress from delegating its legislative authority to either of the other branches of government, a rule known as the nondelegation doctrine.", "title": "Article One of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "2574756", "text": "states and the United States as a whole are each sovereign jurisdictions. All state governments are modeled after the federal government and consist of three branches (although the three-branch structure is not Constitutionally required): executive, legislative, and judicial. They retain plenary power to make laws covering anything not preempted by the U.S. Constitution, federal statutes, or treaties ratified by the U.S. Senate, and are organized as presidential systems where the governor is both head of government and head of state (even though this too is not required). The various states are then typically subdivided into counties. Louisiana uses the term", "title": "Political divisions of the United States" }, { "id": "387966", "text": "to the division of responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent of separation of powers is to prevent the concentration of unchecked power by providing for \"checks\" and \"balances\" to avoid autocracy, over-reaching by one branch over another, and the attending efficiency of governing by one actor without need for negotiation and compromise with any other. The separation of powers model is often imprecisely and metonymically used interchangeably with the \"trias politica\" principle. While the trias politica is a common type of model, there are governments which utilize bipartite,", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "id": "3298712", "text": "powers is associated with a system of checks and balances. During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as Montesquieu advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution. Strict separation of powers did not operate in the United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution. Some U.S. states did not", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "73310", "text": "to curb the powers of the Government. In many modern nation states, power is divided and vested into three branches of government: The Legislature, the Executive and the Judiciary. The first and the second are harmonised in traditional Westminster forms of government. Constitutional law Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in federal countries such as the United States and Canada, the relationship between the central government and", "title": "Constitutional law" }, { "id": "62750", "text": "the use of the metric system of measurement instead of national units previously used. Constitutions usually explicitly divide power between various branches of government. The standard model, described by the Baron de Montesquieu, involves three branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial. Some constitutions include additional branches, such as an auditory branch. Constitutions vary extensively as to the degree of separation of powers between these branches. In presidential and semi-presidential systems of government, department secretaries/ministers are accountable to the president, who has patronage powers to appoint and dismiss ministers. The president is accountable to the people in an election. In", "title": "Constitution" }, { "id": "3221103", "text": "government exercises its supreme power not as a unitary entity, but instead via the three coordinate branches of the government (legislative, executive, and judicial), each of which has its own prescribed powers and limitations under the Constitution. In addition, the doctrine of separation of powers functions as a limitation on each branch of the federal government's exercise of sovereign power. One aspect of the American system of government is that, while the rest of the world now views the United States as one country, domestically American constitutional law recognizes a federation of state governments separate from (and not subdivisions of)", "title": "Preamble to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "434165", "text": "explained how Congress functions within the federal government: To me the key to understanding it is balance. The founders went to great lengths to balance institutions against each other—balancing powers among the three branches: Congress, the president, and the Supreme Court; between the House of Representatives and the Senate; between the federal government and the states; among states of different sizes and regions with different interests; between the powers of government and the rights of citizens, as spelled out in the Bill of Rights ... No one part of government dominates the other. The Constitution provides checks and balances among", "title": "United States Congress" }, { "id": "19491729", "text": "Government trifecta A government trifecta is a type of government in which the same political party controls both the executive and legislative branch. The situation occurs in governance systems that follow the separation of powers model. Under said model, the state is divided into different branches. Each branch has separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the others. The typical division creates an executive branch that executes and enforces the law as led by a head of state, typically a president; a legislative", "title": "Government trifecta" }, { "id": "4933964", "text": "of a fugitive slave clause, whether to allow the abolition of the slave trade, and whether judges should be chosen by the legislature or executive. Most of the time during the Convention was spent on deciding these issues; the concept of a federal government with three branches (legislative, executive, and judicial) and the general role of each branch was not heavily disputed. Progress was slow until mid-July, when the Connecticut Compromise resolved enough lingering arguments for a draft written by the Committee of Detail to gain acceptance. Though more modifications and compromises were made over the following weeks, most of", "title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)" }, { "id": "11575730", "text": "branches of government—executive, legislative, and judicial. The governments of the 13 states that formed the original Union under the Constitution trace their roots back to the British royal charters which established them. Most of the states admitted to the Union after the original 13 have been formed from organized territories established and governed by Congress in accord with its plenary power under Article IV, Section 3, of the Constitution. Six subsequent states were never an organized territory of the federal government, or part of one, before being admitted to the Union. Three were set off from an already existing state:", "title": "State governments of the United States" }, { "id": "11826402", "text": "for the consideration of an entirely new constitution, as open consideration of a new constitution would likely have inspired great public outcry. Shortly after the start of the convention, Virginia's delegates introduced a set of reforms known as the Virginia Plan. Drafted by Madison, the Virginia Plan called for a stronger national government with three independent branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The plan granted the federal government legislative power on all issues, as well as the power to nullify state laws. Madison's plan was well-received and served as the basis for the convention's discussion, though several of its", "title": "Confederation Period" }, { "id": "6683514", "text": "state conventions in 1788. The federal government was reorganized into three branches, on the principle of creating salutary checks and balances, in 1789. George Washington, who had led the revolutionary army to victory, was the first president elected under the new constitution. The Bill of Rights, forbidding federal restriction of personal freedoms and guaranteeing a range of legal protections, was adopted in 1791. Although the federal government criminalized the international slave trade in 1808, after 1820, cultivation of the highly profitable cotton crop exploded in the Deep South, and along with it, the slave population. The Second Great Awakening, especially", "title": "United States" }, { "id": "13404031", "text": "to change the division of power into the executive, legislative and judicial branches -as established by Montesquieu- which is a sort of \"sacred dogma\" for the constitutional theory and practice of liberal democracies. However, he presented a new \"tripartite\" division of power into (three) functions. The most efficient mechanism to \"divide\" power and to \"control\" the national political decisions is to \"distribute\" the main government functions into different \"departments\", and do the same with their subordinate equivalents in the state, provincial or regional level. Power distribution means that the (usually three main) different administrative departments are like a \"watertight compartments\"", "title": "Karl Loewenstein" }, { "id": "3501884", "text": "right\" in a republic. Rushdoony wrote that America's separation of powers between 3 branches of government is a far more neutral and better method of civil government than a direct democracy, stating \"[t]he [American] Constitution was designed to perpetuate a Christian order\". Rushdoony argues that the Constitution's purpose was to protect religion from the federal government and to preserve \"states' rights.\" Rushdoony's work has been used by Dominion Theology advocates who attempt to implement a Christian government subject to Biblical law in the United States. Authority, behavioral boundaries, economics, penology and the like would all be governed by biblical principles", "title": "R. J. Rushdoony" }, { "id": "1134105", "text": "of which is called a Yuan (院, yuàn, literally \"court\"). The Legislative Yuan, the Executive Yuan, and the Judicial Yuan came from Montesquieuan thought; the Control Yuan and the Examination Yuan came from Chinese tradition. (Note that the Legislative Yuan was first intended as a branch of governance, not strictly equivalent to a national parliament.) The Principle of Mínshēng (民生主義, Mínshēng Zhǔyì) is sometimes translated as \"the People's welfare/livelihood,\" \"Government for the People\". The concept may be understood as social welfare and as a direct criticism of the inadequacies of both socialism and capitalism. Here he was influenced by the", "title": "Three Principles of the People" }, { "id": "387971", "text": "commonly ascribed to French Enlightenment political philosopher Baron de Montesquieu, although he did not use such a term. In reality he referred to \"distribution\" of powers. In \"The Spirit of the Laws\" (1748), Montesquieu described the various forms of distribution of political power among a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Montesquieu's approach was to present and defend a form of government which was not excessively centralized in all its powers to a single monarch or similar ruler, form of government known then as \"aristocracy\". He based this model on the Constitution of the Roman Republic and the British constitutional", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "id": "12258438", "text": "court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody). Four states use the term \"commonwealth\" rather than \"state\" in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local governmental authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, and states may also create other local governments. State governments are allocated power by the people (of each respective state) through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in republican principles, and each provides for a government, consisting of three branches, each with separate and independent", "title": "U.S. state" }, { "id": "7671891", "text": "owes much to the framers of the United States constitution. It was while debating the division of powers between the legislative and executive departments that delegates to the 1787 Constitutional Convention established the parameters for the national judiciary. Creating a \"third branch\" of government was a novel idea; in the English tradition, judicial matters had been treated as an aspect of royal (executive) authority. It was also proposed that the judiciary should have a role in checking the executive power to exercise a veto or to revise laws. In the end the Framers of the Constitution compromised by sketching only", "title": "Supreme court" }, { "id": "16276726", "text": "governments drew their legitimacy and authority from the consent of the governed. The Framers designed the United States Constitution to accommodate a rapidly growing republic by opting for representative democracy as opposed to direct democracy, but this arrangement challenged the idea of citizenship in the sense that citizens were, in effect, choosing other persons to represent them and take their place in government. The revolutionary spirit created a sense of \"broadening inclusion\". The Constitution specified a three-part structure of government with a federal government and state governments, but it did not specify the relation of citizenship. The Bill of Rights", "title": "History of citizenship" }, { "id": "3075453", "text": "Nondelegation doctrine The doctrine of nondelegation is the theory that one branch of government must not authorize another entity to exercise the power or function which it is constitutionally authorized to exercise itself. It is explicit or implicit in all written constitutions that impose a strict structural separation of powers. It is usually applied in questions of constitutionally improper delegations of powers of any of the three branches of government to either of the other, to the administrative state, or to private entities. Although it is usually constitutional for executive officials to delegate executive powers to executive branch subordinates, there", "title": "Nondelegation doctrine" }, { "id": "5991285", "text": "is treated equally and has a say. Madison defines what \"republic\" means and states three rules which must apply to be considered a republic: This corresponds to the Madisonian republic, which means the system of government where the citizens of the state elect representatives to make decisions for them using three powerful branches: the executive, the judicial, and the legislative. From early in the Constitutional Convention, Madison held the position that the national government should be federal, because if it was more extensive in relation to the states that would increase the, \"probability of duration, happiness and good order\". It", "title": "Federalist No. 39" }, { "id": "3075465", "text": "nor the Judicial the powers vested in the Legislative or Executive.\" This article was not included in subsequent versions of the Articles or in the final Amendments. Nondelegation doctrine The doctrine of nondelegation is the theory that one branch of government must not authorize another entity to exercise the power or function which it is constitutionally authorized to exercise itself. It is explicit or implicit in all written constitutions that impose a strict structural separation of powers. It is usually applied in questions of constitutionally improper delegations of powers of any of the three branches of government to either of", "title": "Nondelegation doctrine" }, { "id": "2707082", "text": "the Department of the Treasury. Most federal agencies are created by Congress through statutes called \"enabling acts\" which define the scope of an agency's authority. Because the Constitution does not expressly mention federal agencies (as it does the three branches), some commentators have called agencies the \"headless fourth branch\" of the federal government. However, most independent agencies are technically part of the executive branch, with a few located in the legislative branch of government. By enacting the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) in 1946, Congress established some means to oversee government agency action. The APA established uniform administrative law procedures for", "title": "Government agency" }, { "id": "14925721", "text": "key to understanding it is balance. The founders went to great lengths to balance institutions against each other––balancing powers among the three branches: Congress, the president, and the Supreme Court; between the House of Representatives and the Senate; between the federal government and the states; among states of different sizes and regions with different interests; between the powers of government and the rights of citizens, as spelled out in the Bill of Rights ... no one part of government dominates the other. The Constitution provides checks and balances among the three branches of the federal government. The authors of the", "title": "U.S. Congress in relation to the president and Supreme Court" }, { "id": "11575729", "text": "do they possess full interdependence sovereignty (a term popularized by international relations professor Stephen D. Krasner), meaning that they cannot control movement of persons across state borders. The idea of \"dual sovereignty\" or \"separate sovereigns\" is derived from the 10th Amendment to the Constitution, which states that \"the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.\" Structured in accordance with state law (including state constitutions and state statutes), state governments share the same structural model as the federal system, with three", "title": "State governments of the United States" }, { "id": "434139", "text": "two–chamber or \"bicameral\" congress. Smaller states argued for equal representation for each state. The two-chamber structure had functioned well in state governments. A compromise plan was adopted with representatives chosen by population (benefiting larger states) and exactly two senators chosen by state governments (benefiting smaller states). The ratified constitution created a federal structure with two overlapping power centers so that each citizen \"as an individual\" was subjected to both the power of state government and the national government. To protect against abuse of power, each branch of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—had a separate sphere of authority and could check other", "title": "United States Congress" }, { "id": "387968", "text": "people to elect its own government and magistrates.\" In order to reduce the danger of misuse of political power, Calvin suggested setting up several political institutions which should complement and control each other in a system of checks and balances. In this way, Calvin and his followers resisted political absolutism and furthered the growth of democracy. Calvin aimed to protect the rights and the well-being of ordinary people. In 1620, a group of English separatist Congregationalists and Anglicans (later known as the Pilgrim Fathers) founded Plymouth Colony in North America. Enjoying self-rule, they established a bipartite democratic system of government.", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "id": "7447832", "text": "Crow Tribal Administration The Crow Tribal General Council, the governing body of the Crow Nation, through the adoption of the 2001 Crow Tribal Constitution, established a three-branch government with a separation of powers. There is an Executive Branch, Legislative Branch, and Judicial Branch. The Executive Branch is composed of four independently elected officials (Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, and Vice-Secretary) and all agencies and departments. The four elected officials serve concurrent four year terms (term limit of two). The Legislative Branch is composed of 18 legislators (called \"senators\" as a matter of courtesy), with three elected in staggered terms from each of", "title": "Crow Tribal Administration" }, { "id": "1602821", "text": "Federal government of the United States The Federal Government of the United States (U.S. Federal Government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic in North America, composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and several island possessions. The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the federal courts, respectively. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to", "title": "Federal government of the United States" }, { "id": "6708924", "text": "the three branches of government and entities and persons exercising public functions. The Act is not entrenched or supreme law, and can in theory be amended by Parliament by a simple majority but may be subject to an emerging constitutional convention that requires general support for any material change. Prior to European settlement of New Zealand, Māori society was based largely around tribal units with no national governing body. As contact with Europeans increased, there arose a need for a single governing entity. In 1788, the colony of New South Wales was founded. According to Governor Arthur Phillip's amended Commission", "title": "Constitution of New Zealand" }, { "id": "16772559", "text": "limited government. In countries that subscribe to constitutional supremacy, the constitution is the supreme law of the land and demarcates the extent of power that each branch of government (the executive, legislature and judiciary) is able to wield, as well as how each branch may act as a checking mechanism on the other branches. This aspect of constitutionalism is \"concerned with curbing oppressive government and preserving individual freedom while retaining a realm for the exercise of legitimate governmental power\". The state needs laws in order for it to function, and this results in the creation of three distinct powers: one", "title": "Separation of powers in Singapore" }, { "id": "13819072", "text": "Comparison of U.S. state governments In the United States, the government of each of the 50 states is structured in accordance with its individual constitution. In turn, each state constitution must be grounded in republican principles. of the United States Constitution tasks the federal government with assuring that each state’s government is so organized. All state governments are modeled after the federal government and consist of three branches (although the three-branch structure is not Constitutionally required): executive, legislative, and judicial. All state governments are also organized as presidential systems where the governor is both head of government and head of", "title": "Comparison of U.S. state governments" }, { "id": "428037", "text": "The former bestows federal legislative power exclusively to Congress, and the latter grants judicial power solely to the Supreme Court. These three articles create a separation of powers among the three branches of the federal government. In addition to separation of powers and equally important to limited government, each independent and sovereign branch also provides checks and balances on the operation and power of the other two branches. The President's executive power is subject to two important limitations. First, the President lacks executive authority explicitly granted to Congress. Hence the President cannot declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal,", "title": "Article Two of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "388013", "text": "order police to act in lieu of the accuser's office if warranted. In its decision No. 42/2005 the Hungarian constitutional court declared that the government does not enjoy such privilege and the state is powerless to further pursue cases if the public accuser refuses to do so. Notable examples of states after Montesquieu that had more than three powers include: Separation of powers The separation of powers is a model for the governance of a state. Under this model, a state's government is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "id": "4514026", "text": "One protection was separation of powers, such as bicameralism in the US Congress and the three branches of the national government: legislative, executive, and judicial. Having two houses was intended to serve as a brake on popular movements that might threaten particular groups, with the US House of Representatives representing the common people and the US Senate defending the interests of the state governments. The House was to be elected by popular vote, and the Senate was to be chosen by state legislatures. The executive veto and the implied power of judicial review, which was later made explicit by the", "title": "Concurrent majority" }, { "id": "428127", "text": "by the judiciary, ruling out trials by military commissions. As James Madison noted, the Treason Clause also was designed to limit the power of the federal government to punish its citizens for 'adhering to [the] enemies [of the United States by], giving them aid and comfort.'\" Article Three of the United States Constitution Article Three of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government. Under Article Three, the judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court of the United States, as well as lower courts created by Congress. Article Three empowers the courts to handle cases or", "title": "Article Three of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428098", "text": "of Article One and Article Two, Article Three's Vesting Clause establishes the separation of powers between the three branches of government. Section 1 authorizes the creation of inferior courts, but does not require it; the first inferior federal courts were established shortly after the ratification of the Constitution with the Judiciary Act of 1789. Section 1 also establishes that federal judges do not face term limits, and that an individual judge's salary may not be decreased. Article Three does not set the size of the Supreme Court or establish specific positions on the court, but Article One establishes the position", "title": "Article Three of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428097", "text": "Article Three of the United States Constitution Article Three of the United States Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government. Under Article Three, the judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court of the United States, as well as lower courts created by Congress. Article Three empowers the courts to handle cases or controversies arising under federal law, as well as other enumerated areas. Article Three also defines treason. Section 1 of Article Three vests the judicial power of the United States in the Supreme Court, as well as inferior courts established by Congress. Along with the Vesting Clauses", "title": "Article Three of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "5441466", "text": "Separation of powers in Australia The doctrine of the separation of powers in Australia divides the institutions of government into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislature makes the laws; the executive put the laws into operation; and the judiciary interprets the laws. The doctrine of the separation of powers is often assumed to be one of the cornerstones of fair government. A strict separation of powers is not always evident in Australia; instead the Australian version of separation of powers combines the basic democratic concepts embedded in the Westminster system, the doctrine of \"\"responsible government\"\" and the United", "title": "Separation of powers in Australia" }, { "id": "387975", "text": "the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. The origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States. The following example of the separation of powers and their mutual checks and balances for the experience of the United States Constitution is presented as illustrative of the general principles applied in similar forms of government as well.", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "id": "427922", "text": "Congress consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. In combination with the Vesting Clauses of the Article Two and Article Three, the Vesting Clause of Article One establishes the separation of powers among the three branches of the federal government. Section 2 of Article One addresses the House of Representatives, establishing that members of the House are elected every two years, with congressional seats apportioned to the states on the basis of population. Section 2 includes various rules for the House of Representatives, including a provision stating that individuals qualified to vote in elections for the largest chamber", "title": "Article One of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "656799", "text": "of the Laws\": Montesquieu argues that each Power should only exercise its own functions, it was quite explicit here: If the legislative branch appoints the executive and judicial powers, as Montesquieu indicated, there will be no separation or division of its powers, since the power to appoint carries with it the power to revoke. Likewise, there were three main forms of government, each supported by a social \"principle\": monarchies (free governments headed by a hereditary figure, e.g. king, queen, emperor), which rely on the principle of honor; republics (free governments headed by popularly elected leaders), which rely on the principle", "title": "Montesquieu" }, { "id": "3298745", "text": "precedents. Many legislators hold the view that separation of powers means that powers are shared among different branches; no one branch may act unilaterally on issues (other than perhaps minor questions), but must obtain some form of agreement across branches. That is, it is argued that \"checks and balances\" apply to the Judicial branch as well as to the other branches—for example, in the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment by Congress of rules for the conduct of federal courts, and by state legislatures for state courts. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court,", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "387981", "text": "of the United Kingdom, United States and France, and maintained this division, as have subsequent changes to the constitution that followed in 1948 with the Ninth-of-May Constitution, the 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia as well as the Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation of 1968. According to the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, the government of France is divided up into three branches: Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region established in 1997 pursuant to the Sino-British Joint Declaration, an international treaty made between Britain and China in 1984, registered with the United Nations. Currently, Hong Kong has three branches of", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "id": "387988", "text": "the entire Council of State in 1884. (See ) With this came a switch to a parliamentary system of government and while the full process takes decades, it has led to a system of parliamentary sovereignty where the Montesquieu idea of separation of powers is technically dead even though the three branches remain important institutions. This \"does not\" mean that there are no checks and balances. With the introduction of a parliamentary system, political parties started to form quickly and this led to a call for electoral reform that saw the introduction of a Party-list proportional representation in 1918. The", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "id": "387970", "text": "in England. So the form of government in the colonies was well known in the mother country, including to the philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). He deduced from a study of the English constitutional system the advantages of dividing political power into the legislative (which should be distributed among several bodies, for example, the House of Lords and the House of Commons), on the one hand, and the executive and federative power, responsible for the protection of the country and prerogative of the monarch, on the other hand. (The Kingdom of England had no written constitution.) The term \"tripartite system\" is", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "id": "1602825", "text": "the U.S. Constitution is the idea of \"checks and balances\" among the powers and responsibilities of the three branches of American government: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. For example, while the legislative branch (Congress) has the power to create law, the executive branch under the president can veto any legislation—an act which, in turn, can be overridden by Congress. The president nominates judges to the nation's highest judiciary authority, the Supreme Court, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in turn, can invalidate unconstitutional laws passed by the Congress. These and other examples are", "title": "Federal government of the United States" }, { "id": "7566046", "text": "framers of North Carolina's first constitution. The document is notable in that Adams sketches out the three branches of American government: the executive, judicial, and legislative branches, all with a system of checks and balances. Furthermore, in response to \"Common Sense\" by Thomas Paine, Adams rejects the idea of a single legislative body, fearing it may become tyrannical or self-serving (as in the case of the Netherlands at the time). Thus, Adams also conceived of the idea that two legislative bodies should serve as checks to the power of the other. Thoughts on Government Thoughts on Government, or in full", "title": "Thoughts on Government" }, { "id": "5336697", "text": "trade and the structure of the government. This resulted in the Philadelphia Convention, which met from May 14 to September 17, 1787 at the Pennsylvania State House. The Convention was dominated by controversies and conflicting interests, but the delegates forged a Constitution that has been called a \"bundle of compromises\". At the convention, delegate James Madison presented the Virginia Plan, which proposed a national government with three branches with proportional representation. Large states supported this plan, but smaller states feared losing substantial power under the plan. In response, William Paterson designed the New Jersey Plan, which proposed a one-house (unicameral)", "title": "Independence National Historical Park" }, { "id": "5065466", "text": "Divided government in the United States In the United States,divided government describes a situation in which one party controls the executive branch while another party controls one or both houses of the legislative branch. Divided government is seen by different groups as a benefit or as an undesirable product of the model of governance used in the U.S. political system. Under said model, known as the separation of powers, the state is divided into different branches. Each branch has separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the", "title": "Divided government in the United States" }, { "id": "11812598", "text": "Government of Kansas The government of the U.S. state of Kansas, established by the Kansas Constitution, is a republican democracy modeled after the Federal Government of the United States. The state government has three branches: the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. Through a system of separation of powers, or \"checks and balances,\" each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, and also some authority to regulate the other two branches, so that all three branches can limit and balance the others' authority. The state government is based in Topeka, Kansas. The state government of Kansas", "title": "Government of Kansas" }, { "id": "8936109", "text": "this effort was largely an effort of the Democratic-Republican Party's attempt to unify its factions for the 1808 presidential election. The state's second constitution was adopted on June 29, 1844. Among its provisions was a distinct separation of powers into three branches (executive, legislative and judicial branches), limiting the right to vote to white males, and granted the people (as opposed to the legislature) the right of a popular election for the state's governor. The document limited the state government's ability to accumulate public debt. Concession and Agreement was a legal document that guaranteed rights; including, but not only, religious", "title": "History of the New Jersey State Constitution" }, { "id": "656797", "text": "society, to study the inter-functioning of institutions.\" Montesquieu's political anthropology gave rise to his theories on government. When Catherine the Great wrote her \"Nakaz\" (Instruction) for the Legislative Assembly she had created to clarify the existing Russian law code, she avowed borrowing heavily from Montesquieu's \"Spirit of the Laws\", although she discarded or altered portions that did not support Russia's absolutist bureaucratic monarchy. Montesquieu's most influential work divided French society into three classes (or \"trias politica\", a term he coined): the monarchy, the aristocracy, and the commons. Montesquieu saw two types of governmental power existing: the sovereign and the administrative.", "title": "Montesquieu" }, { "id": "2094111", "text": "world perspective, the American mission is to ensure, \"that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.\" Historian T. Harry Williams argues that Lincoln believed: American policies have been characterized since their inception by a system of federalism (between the states and the federal government) and checks and balances (among the legislative, executive and judicial branches), which were designed to prevent any faction, region, or government organ from becoming too powerful. Some proponents of the theory of American exceptionalism argue that this system and the accompanying distrust of concentrated power prevent the", "title": "American exceptionalism" }, { "id": "132921", "text": "Executive (government) The executive is the organ exercising authority in and holding responsibility for the governance of a state. The executive executes and enforces law. In political systems based on the principle of separation of powers, authority is distributed among several branches (executive, legislative, judicial)—an attempt to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of a small group of people. In such a system, the executive does not pass laws (the role of the legislature) or interpret them (the role of the judiciary). Instead, the executive enforces the law as written by the legislature and interpreted by the judiciary.", "title": "Executive (government)" }, { "id": "13423755", "text": "that are no longer valid. In the civil-law tradition, judges are seen as those who apply the law, with no power to create (or destroy) legal principles. Secondly, the idea of separation of powers is another theory about how a democratic society's government should be organized. In contrast to legislative supremacy, the idea of separation of powers was first introduced by Montesquieu; it was later institutionalized in the United States by the Supreme Court ruling in \"Marbury v. Madison\" under the court of John Marshall. Separation of powers is based on the idea that no branch of government should be", "title": "Judicial review" }, { "id": "19491732", "text": "become increasingly rare. Government trifectas are contrasted by divided governments—a different situation in which one party controls the executive branch while another party controls one or both houses of the legislative branch. Sources: Government trifecta A government trifecta is a type of government in which the same political party controls both the executive and legislative branch. The situation occurs in governance systems that follow the separation of powers model. Under said model, the state is divided into different branches. Each branch has separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in", "title": "Government trifecta" }, { "id": "7997007", "text": "under a City Charter. Regardless of the city's form of government, most include the following officials, either elected or appointed: Government of Oklahoma The government of the U.S. State of Oklahoma, established by the Oklahoma Constitution, is a republican democracy modeled after the federal government of the United States. The state government has three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial. Through a system of separation of powers or \"checks and balances,\" each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn,", "title": "Government of Oklahoma" }, { "id": "2121441", "text": "the initiative to frame the debate by immediately drawing up and presenting a proposal, for which delegate James Madison is given chief credit. However, it was Edmund Randolph, the Virginia governor at the time, who officially put it before the convention on May 29, 1787, in the form of 15 resolutions. The scope of the resolutions, going well beyond tinkering with the Articles of Confederation, succeeded in broadening the debate to encompass fundamental revisions to the structure and powers of the national government. The resolutions proposed, for example, a new form of national government having three branches (legislative, executive and", "title": "Virginia Plan" }, { "id": "629499", "text": "Legislation is regarded as one of the three main functions of government, which are often distinguished under the doctrine of the separation of powers. Those who have the formal power to \"create\" legislation are known as legislators; a judicial branch of government will have the formal power to \"interpret\" legislation (see statutory interpretation); the executive branch of government can act only within the powers and limits set by the law. The function and procedures are primarily the responsibility of the legislature. However, there are situations where legislation is made by other bodies or means, such as when constitutional law or", "title": "Legislation" }, { "id": "13399802", "text": "marked by a balance of powers accompanied by a checks and balances system between the three branches of government: a judicial branch, an executive branch led by the President, and a legislative branch composed of a bicameral legislature where the House of Representatives is the lower house and the Senate is the upper house. Although the \"Declaration of Independence\" does contain references to the Creator, the God of Nature, Divine Providence, and the Supreme Judge of the World, the Founding Fathers were not exclusively theistic. Some professed personal concepts of deism, as was characteristic of other European Enlightenment thinkers, such", "title": "American philosophy" }, { "id": "1299259", "text": "additional power, not a restriction on those already granted.\" Though Marshall rejected the Tenth Amendment's provision of states rights arguing that it did not include the word \"expressly,\" unlike the Articles of Confederation, which the Constitution replaced, controversy over the authority of the amendment being violated by the decision has existed. Compact theory also argues that the federal government is a creation of the states and that the states maintain superiority. Unlike Marshall, his successor, Roger B. Taney, established dual federalism by which separate-but-equal branches of government are believed to be a better option. \"McCulloch v. Maryland\" was cited in", "title": "McCulloch v. Maryland" }, { "id": "147702", "text": "Federalism Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism by the United States of America under the Constitution of 1787, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established. It can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status. Federalism differs from confederalism, in", "title": "Federalism" }, { "id": "132923", "text": "the executive is both the \"head of state and head of government\". In a parliamentary system, a cabinet minister responsible to the legislature is the head of government, while the head of state is usually a largely ceremonial monarch or president. Executive (government) The executive is the organ exercising authority in and holding responsibility for the governance of a state. The executive executes and enforces law. In political systems based on the principle of separation of powers, authority is distributed among several branches (executive, legislative, judicial)—an attempt to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of a small group", "title": "Executive (government)" }, { "id": "387974", "text": "ambitions of one branch prevent that one of the other branches become supreme, and thus be eternally confronting each other and in that process leaving the people free from government abuses. Checks and Balances are designed to maintain the system of separation of powers keeping each branch in its place. This is based on the idea that it is not enough to separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the state have", "title": "Separation of powers" }, { "id": "62728", "text": "commonly, the term \"constitution\" refers to a set of rules and principles that define the nature and extent of government. Most constitutions seek to regulate the relationship between institutions of the state, in a basic sense the relationship between the executive, legislature and the judiciary, but also the relationship of institutions within those branches. For example, executive branches can be divided into a head of government, government departments/ministries, executive agencies and a civil service/administration. Most constitutions also attempt to define the relationship between individuals and the state, and to establish the broad rights of individual citizens. It is thus the", "title": "Constitution" }, { "id": "433230", "text": "for the national judiciary. Creating a \"third branch\" of government was a novel idea; in the English tradition, judicial matters had been treated as an aspect of royal (executive) authority. Early on, some delegates argued that national laws could be enforced by state courts, while others, including James Madison, advocated for a national judicial authority consisting of various tribunals chosen by the national legislature. It was also proposed that the judiciary should have a role in checking the executive power to exercise a veto or to revise laws. In the end the Framers of the Constitution compromised by sketching only", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "id": "434140", "text": "branches according to the principle of the separation of powers. Furthermore, there were checks and balances \"within\" the legislature since there were two separate chambers. The new government became active in 1789. Political scientist Julian E. Zelizer suggested there were four main congressional eras, with considerable overlap, and included the \"formative era\" (1780s–1820s), the \"partisan era\" (1830s–1900s), the \"committee era\" (1910s–1960s), and the \"contemporary era\" (1970s–today). Federalists and anti-federalists jostled for power in the early years as political parties became pronounced, surprising the Constitution's Founding Fathers of the United States. With the passage of the Constitution and the Bill of", "title": "United States Congress" }, { "id": "16772560", "text": "to create laws (the legislature), one to execute the laws (executive), and one to ensure that the rules are being followed (judiciary). Each branch of government has its own set of functions and hence the power that is available for each branch to wield is different as well. Even though this power to govern the society has already been divided into the three branches, the idea of constitutionalism implies \"a commitment towards regularised legal restraints on power in the form of inter- and intra-institutional checks and balances and legal procedure\". Simply put, there must be a separation of powers, where", "title": "Separation of powers in Singapore" }, { "id": "147715", "text": "over various matters, has been a longstanding and evolving issue. Areas of contest include legislation with respect to regulation of the economy, taxation, and natural resources. The Government of India (referred to as the \"Union Government\") was established by the Constitution of India, and is the governing authority of a \"federal union\" of 29 states and 7 union territories. The government of India is based on a 3 tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union", "title": "Federalism" }, { "id": "6676629", "text": "Cognitive Madisonianism Cognitive Madisonianism is the idea that divided government is better than one in which a single party controls both the executive and legislative branches. A relatively large percentage of the populace of the USA [over 20%] supposedly voted a split ticket because of this belief between 1992-1996, according to \"Split-Ticket Voting: The Effects of Cognitive Madisonianism\" by Lewis-Beck and Nadeau. In the USA, Cognitive Madisonianism is in keeping with Article One of the United States Constitution, and the principle of separation of powers under the United States Constitution. It comes about from a belief that James Madison, and", "title": "Cognitive Madisonianism" }, { "id": "1694682", "text": "the Legislative Yuan. Dr. Sun also added two branches of government from the legacy of China's imperial past to the three branches of Western governments. The five branches or Yuan (院) are: the Executive Yuan, Legislative Yuan, Judicial Yuan, Examination Yuan, and Control Yuan. While the original intent was to have a parliamentary system (as evidenced in the existence of both a president and premier), due to the Temporary Provisions, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek was allowed by the National Assembly to reduce the function of the premier and to concentrate more power in the presidency. As a result, the current government", "title": "Constitution of the Republic of China" }, { "id": "1991225", "text": "was inspired by the French Revolution and enlightenment. It developed hand in hand with the creation of civil codes and criminal codes. In modern states, constitutional law lays out the foundations of the state. Above all, it postulates the supremacy of law in the functioning of the state – the rule of law. Secondly, it sets out the form of government – how its different branches work, how they are elected or appointed, and the division of powers and responsibilities between them. Traditionally, the basic elements of government are the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. And thirdly, in describing", "title": "Public law" }, { "id": "427828", "text": "combination of consolidated government along with federal relationships with constituent states. The Due Process Clause of the Constitution was partly based on common law and on Magna Carta (1215), which had become a foundation of English liberty against arbitrary power wielded by a ruler. Among the most prominent political theorists of the late eighteenth century were William Blackstone, John Locke, and Montesquieu. Both the influence of Edward Coke and William Blackstone were evident at the Convention. In his \"Institutes of the Lawes of England\", Edward Coke interpreted Magna Carta protections and rights to apply not just to nobles, but to", "title": "United States Constitution" }, { "id": "6916486", "text": "Chapter III Court In Australian constitutional law, Chapter III Courts are courts of law which are a part of the Australian federal judiciary and thus are able to discharge Commonwealth judicial power. They are so named because the prescribed features of these courts are contained in Chapter III of the Australian Constitution. The doctrine of separation of powers refers to a system of government whereby three aspects of government powerlegislative power, executive power, and judicial powerare vested in separate institutions. This doctrine holds that abuse of power can be avoided by each arm of government acting as a check on", "title": "Chapter III Court" }, { "id": "3298725", "text": "assume their office. Courts check both the executive branch and the legislative branch through judicial review. This concept is not written into the Constitution, but was envisioned by many of the Constitution's Framers (for example, \"The Federalist Papers\" mention it). The Supreme Court established a precedent for judicial review in \"Marbury v. Madison\". There were protests by some at this decision, born chiefly of political expediency, but political realities in the particular case paradoxically restrained opposing views from asserting themselves. For this reason, precedent alone established the principle that a court may strike down a law it deems unconstitutional. A", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "11656842", "text": "Pantisocracy Pantisocracy (from the Greek πᾶν and ἰσοκρατία meaning \"equal or level government by/for all\") was a utopian scheme devised in 1794 by the poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey for an egalitarian community. It is a system of government where all rule equally. They originally intended to establish such a community on the banks of the Susquehanna River in the United States, but by 1795 Southey had doubts about the viability of this and proposed moving the project to Wales. The two men were unable to agree on the location, causing the project to collapse. Coleridge and Southey", "title": "Pantisocracy" }, { "id": "38092", "text": "District, and the municipalities. The Union, the states, the Federal District, and the municipalities, are the \"spheres of government\". The federation is set on five fundamental principles: sovereignty, citizenship, dignity of human beings, the social values of labour and freedom of enterprise, and political pluralism. The classic tripartite branches of government (executive, legislative and judicial under a checks and balances system) are formally established by the Constitution. The executive and legislative are organized independently in all three spheres of government, while the judiciary is organized only at the federal and state and Federal District spheres. All members of the executive", "title": "Brazil" }, { "id": "3459706", "text": "the state. Rushdoony believed that a republic is a better form of civil government than a democracy. According to Rushdoony, a republic avoided mob rule and the rule of the \"51%\" of society; in other words \"might does not make right\" in a republic. Rushdoony wrote that America's separation of powers between 3 branches of government is a far more neutral and better method of civil government than a direct democracy, stating \"[t]he [American] Constitution was designed to perpetuate a Christian order\". Rushdoony argues that the Constitution's purpose was to protect religion from the federal government and to preserve \"states'", "title": "Christian reconstructionism" }, { "id": "3298733", "text": "establish executive privilege, which means that they can enforce statutes and laws already passed by Congress. They can also enforce the Constitution and treaties that were previously made by other branches of government. The Constitution does not explicitly indicate the pre-eminence of any particular branch of government. However, James Madison wrote in Federalist 51, regarding the ability of each branch to defend itself from actions by the others, that \"it is not possible to give to each department an equal power of self-defense. In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.\" One may claim that the judiciary has historically been", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "19633038", "text": "delegations from each state. It was feared that many of the delegates would refuse to give their individual assent to the Constitution. Therefore, in order that the action of the Convention would appear to be unanimous, the formula, \"Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present ...\" was devised. The U.S. Constitution lays out the frame of the nation's federal government and delineates how its 3 branches (legislative, executive, and judicial) are to function. Of those who signed it, virtually every one had taken part in the American Revolution; seven had signed the Declaration of Independence, and", "title": "Signing of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "19899033", "text": "the Constitution. The counsel submitted a list for the basic structure in the context of the Federal Constitution: a) Supremacy of the Constitution; b) Constitutional Monarchy; c) The religion of the Federation is Islam but other religions can be practiced harmoniously; d) Separation of power between three branches of the Government; e) Federal characters or federalism. The former Federal Court, speaking through Suffian LP, followed Raja Azlan Shah FJ's position in Loh Kooi Choon, that is to say there existed differences between the Federal Constitution and the Constitution of India in the context of protecting the basic structure. The relevant", "title": "Doctrine of Basic Structure" }, { "id": "15351273", "text": "branches of government are independent from each other, yet cooperate by necessity. In the Federalist Paper No. 51, Madison illustrated his beliefs on how a balance in the power was necessary for a government to exist. These ideas originated in the work of French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu described these concepts in his book \"The Spirit of the Laws\" (1748). Here Montesquieu explained how these checks on powers were efficient in preventing tyranny. Madison, as a major contributor to the authoring of the United States Constitution himself defined much of the structure of the government of the United States, and", "title": "Madisonian model" }, { "id": "2286916", "text": "British-inspired parliamentary system, numerous celebrated political scientists like the late Juan Linz and many others have observed that the decision of many Latin American countries to model their systems of government on the presidential system of the United States has led to numerous examples of political instability and subsequent descent into dictatorship or anarchy. Some historians view the French States-General as an example of a tricameral legislature. The States-General evolved gradually over time, and provided advice on various matters (including legislative issues) to the King. The three Estates were the simply labeled First (consisting of clergy), Second (consisting of nobility),", "title": "Tricameralism" }, { "id": "18484096", "text": "Divided government A divided government is a type of government in presidential systems, when control of the executive branch and the legislative branch is split between two parties, respectively, and in semi-presidential systems, when the executive branch itself is split between two parties. Under the separation of powers model, the state is divided into different branches. Each branch has separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the others. The typical division creates an executive branch that executes and enforces the law as led", "title": "Divided government" } ]

[ "2014" ]

[ { "id": "3555180", "text": "Land Rover Freelander The Land Rover Freelander was a compact sport utility vehicle (SUV) which was produced by the British manufacturer Land Rover, in both two-wheel and four-wheel drive versions, from 1997 to 2014. The second generation, launched in 2007, was marketed as the LR2 in North America and as the Freelander 2 in Europe. It uses a monocoque (unibody) structure, in common with almost all other crossovers in its class, but unlike traditional SUVs built with body-on-frame designs. The Freelander was replaced by the Discovery Sport in 2015. Market research by the Rover Group in the late 1980s suggested", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "3555183", "text": "instead funded production facilities at Solihull, finally making use of the old Rover SD1 assembly hall which had been mothballed in the early 1980s, when Rover car production was moved to Cowley. The Freelander was launched in October 1997. It became Europe's best-selling four-wheel drive model until 2002. The last Freelanders in North America were sold as 2005 models. There were a variety of models, based around five-door estate and three-door softback (semi-convertible), hardback, and commercial (van-like) versions. In 2004, Land Rover introduced an improved and upgraded version of the Mark I; changes included a new interior and major external", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "3555193", "text": "Hill Descent Control. For the 2014 model year, the Freelander gets a revised look with a grill and new interior piece. Total sales are from 2009 only. Land Rover Freelander The Land Rover Freelander was a compact sport utility vehicle (SUV) which was produced by the British manufacturer Land Rover, in both two-wheel and four-wheel drive versions, from 1997 to 2014. The second generation, launched in 2007, was marketed as the LR2 in North America and as the Freelander 2 in Europe. It uses a monocoque (unibody) structure, in common with almost all other crossovers in its class, but unlike", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "3555187", "text": "the model on 31 August 2005 in the U.S. and Canada. The second generation, named the Freelander 2 (codename L359), debuted at the 2006 British International Motor Show retaining the \"Freelander\" name in Europe and marketed as the \"LR2\" in North America — mirroring the marketing of the new third generation Land Rover Discovery as LR3. A presentation at the Kensington Roof Gardens was held for journalists featuring celebrity tennis player Maria Sharapova. Production ended at the end of 2014. The second generation Freelander is based on the Ford EUCD platform, which itself is based on the Ford C1 platform.", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "7436812", "text": "for Freelander 2 and subsequent Land Rover models. In March 2008, Ford finalised a deal to sell Jaguar and Land Rover to Tata Motors, part of the Indian-based Tata Group, one of the world's largest manufacturers of commercial vehicles. Under the terms of the deal, Ford retained ownership of Halewood's transmission plant which it operates in collaboration with Getrag. On 15 July 2009, Jaguar Land Rover announced that it would cease production of the X-Type at the end of 2009, with the loss of 300 jobs, and have a three-week shut down between September and December of that year. On", "title": "Halewood Body & Assembly" }, { "id": "257488", "text": "plant, near Birmingham, but production of the Freelander was moved to the Halewood Body & Assembly plant near Liverpool, a former Ford car plant. The Freelander is also assembled in Knock-down kit (CKD) form at Land Rover's facility in Pune, India. As of 2015, the company continued to expand by building locally in India as well as increasing the number of models made at JLR’s Chikhali facility near Pune to include the Discovery Sport and Evoque. Defender models are assembled under licence in several locations worldwide, including Spain (Santana Motors), Iran (Pazhan Morattab), Brazil (Karmann), and Turkey (Otokar). In May", "title": "Land Rover" }, { "id": "18254511", "text": "first generation, the Freelander, was introduced by Land Rover in 1997 following a study that revealed market demand for an SUV smaller than the Discovery and Range Rover models. The original Freelander was developed during the period when Land Rover formed part of the Rover Group, and used engines, transmissions and other components from other Rover Group and BMW models, including the K-series petrol engines and L-Series diesel engines, and a floorpan based on that of the Austin Maestro. The BMW M47 diesel engine replaced the L-Series diesel engine in 2001, following its adaptation to suit transverse applications and off-road", "title": "Land Rover Discovery Sport" }, { "id": "3555104", "text": "Land Rover Discovery Land Rover Discovery is a series of mid-size luxury SUVs, produced under the Land Rover marque, from the British manufacturer Land Rover (becoming Jaguar Land Rover in 2013). There have been five generations of the vehicle, the first of which was introduced in 1989, the second called the Series II update in 1998, the third generation, titled Discovery 3, launched in 2004 and was marketed in North America as the Land Rover LR3. The fourth in 2009 was the Discovery 4—Land Rover LR4 for North American markets. The fifth generation Discovery was introduced in 2017, and omits", "title": "Land Rover Discovery" }, { "id": "18254509", "text": "Land Rover Discovery Sport The Land Rover Discovery Sport (codename L550) is a high end off-road, subcompact luxury crossover SUV produced by British automotive company Jaguar Land Rover under their Land Rover marque. It replaces the Land Rover Freelander in a revised Land Rover range of vehicles, with Discovery joining Range Rover as a sub-brand. The Discovery Sport went on sale during September 2014, with first deliveries in early 2015. The new Discovery sub-brand, to be focused on leisure vehicles, will feature two models initially, the compact Discovery Sport and the larger Discovery (sold as the LR4 in North America).", "title": "Land Rover Discovery Sport" }, { "id": "3555244", "text": "could not be fitted with these without major modifications, which given the small numbers of NAS vehicles sold in relation to Land Rover's global sales, were not economically viable. Land Rover retired its North American Specification utility vehicles at the end of 1997 to focus on its more profitable, popular and upmarket Discovery and Range Rover models, as well as the then newly launched Freelander. The next Defender may be sold in the US and Canadian markets in 2019. Continuing on from production of the Australian SIII Stage 1 Isuzu 4BD1 diesel variant, Jaguar Rover Australia (JRA) developed an Isuzu", "title": "Land Rover Defender" }, { "id": "18254512", "text": "use. The Freelander 2, sold as the LR2 in North America, was introduced in 2006 during Ford's ownership of Land Rover. The second generation Freelander was built on the Ford EUCD platform, using a Ford Duratorq four cylinder diesel engine, and initially the Volvo B6324S six cylinder petrol engine. The six cylinder petrol engine was replaced for the 2013 model year by a more economical Ford EcoBoost four cylinder 2.0-litre turbocharged petrol engine. The Ford petrol and diesel four cylinder engines were carried over for the Discovery Sport's first model year. The future design direction of the Discovery sub-brand was", "title": "Land Rover Discovery Sport" }, { "id": "3555188", "text": "The Ford EUCD platform will be used by more upcoming vehicles from Volvo. The engine range is all-new for Freelander, featuring transversely-mounted 3.2-litre straight-six engine of the Ford SI6 series, which debuted in the new Volvo S80, as well as the 2.2-litre DW12 common rail turbodiesel engine, co-developed by Ford and PSA Peugeot Citroën. Unlike previous Land Rovers, the second generation Freelander is manufactured in the Halewood Body & Assembly facility, near Liverpool, and was until 2009 manufactured alongside the Jaguar X-Type — as Jaguar X-Type and Landrover Freelander both used modified version of Ford's front wheel drive platform. The", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "580944", "text": "low range, and either part-time or full-time 4-wheel drive systems.<br> Land Rover have fully switched to unibody architecture SUVs, starting with their newer, more compact models — the 1997 Freelander, its 2014 successor Discovery Sport, and the 2011 Range Rover Evoque, which were all unibodies from the start — but also on the large models, starting with the 3rd generation Range Rover in 2002, as well as the 2013 Range Rover Sport and the 2017 Discovery. The last body-on-frame hold-out, the archetypal Land Rover Defender, was retired after 2016. Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi redesigned its 2000 Montero/Shogun/Pajero with a unibody, discarding", "title": "Sport utility vehicle" }, { "id": "3555159", "text": "network and a range of additional after sales packages. As of 1 January 2017, some 1,200,000 Discovery models had been sold in total since launch in 1989. Total sales are for 2009 and onward, excluding sales prior to that year. A Discovery won the Rallye Aicha des Gazelles in 2010. Land Rover Discovery Land Rover Discovery is a series of mid-size luxury SUVs, produced under the Land Rover marque, from the British manufacturer Land Rover (becoming Jaguar Land Rover in 2013). There have been five generations of the vehicle, the first of which was introduced in 1989, the second called", "title": "Land Rover Discovery" }, { "id": "1308997", "text": "continued producing veneer trim for a while and housed the Jaguar Daimler Heritage centre until it moved to the British Motor Museum site, has now been demolished and is being redeveloped. Jaguar's Radford plant, originally a Daimler bus plant but later a Jaguar engine and axle plant, was closed by Ford in 1997 when it moved all Jaguar engine production to its Bridgend facility. In 2000, Ford turned its Halewood plant over to Jaguar following the discontinuation of its long running Escort that year for Jaguar's new X-Type model. It was later joined by the second-generation Land Rover Freelander 2,", "title": "Jaguar Cars" }, { "id": "3555194", "text": "Land Rover Defender The Land Rover Defender (initially called the Land Rover Ninety and Land Rover One Ten) is a British four-wheel drive off-road vehicle developed in the 1980s from the original Land Rover series which was launched at the Amsterdam Motor Show in April 1948. After a continuous run of 67 years production finally ended on 29 January 2016 when the last Land Rover Defender, with the number plate H166 HUE, rolled off the production line. A special edition Defender Works V8, with 400bhp, was announced in January 2018. The next-generation model, codenamed L663, will be completely redesigned and", "title": "Land Rover Defender" }, { "id": "3555184", "text": "revisions, including a new face and rear. The three-door model was available in E, S, ES, Sport and Sport Premium trim and the five-door model in available in E, S, ES, HSE, Sport and Sport Premium trim. Engine choices include: Manual gearboxes dominated the early models, but automatic Tiptronic-style gearboxes (Jatco JF506E) became increasingly popular and were standard on the V6. The Automatic Tiptronic gearbox was also available as an option on the Td4. The first generation Freelander was used in the 1998 Camel Trophy and participated in Land Rover's G4 Challenge. The vehicle represented a compromise because it did", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "9954593", "text": "tip. Beagle 2 failed while attempting to land on Mars in 2003. \"Spirit\" is a robotic rover on Mars, active from 2004 to 2010. It was one of two rovers of NASA's ongoing Mars Exploration Rover Mission. It landed successfully on Mars at 04:35 Ground UTC on January 4, 2004, three weeks before its twin, \"Opportunity\" (MER-B), landed on the other side of the planet. Its name was chosen through a NASA-sponsored student essay competition. The rover became stuck in late 2009, and its last communication with Earth was sent on March 22, 2010. Chang'e 3 is a Chinese Moon", "title": "Rover (space exploration)" }, { "id": "3896271", "text": "launch was combined with that of the Triumph TR8.) Major restructuring of BL following the Ryder Report resulted in the SD1 production line being moved to the former Morris plant in Cowley in 1981. The Solihull plant was turned over to produce Land Rover models, following on from that marque's separation from Rover in 1978. The hugely expensive extension to Solihull, which had been built specifically for the SD1 and Triumph TR7, was mothballed, and was finally brought back into use in 1997 for the Land Rover Freelander and in 2016 for the Jaguar XE and F-PACE. 1981 also saw", "title": "Rover SD1" }, { "id": "6795470", "text": "valves from the beginning, and made its debut in the 2000 with the Citroën C5, Peugeot 406, Peugeot 406 Coupe and Peugeot 607, being used only in the larger models. In 2006 it was added to the PSA/Ford family, with power reaching 170 PS (125 kW). Land Rover used this engine in the Freelander 2 where it produces 160PS. This is Ford's only current use for this engine, which is expected to power the next generations of both the Mondeo and Jaguar X-Type. A different 2.2L engine, Ford's ZSD-422 with a displacement of 2198 cc, will be used in the", "title": "PSA EW/DW engine" }, { "id": "3555190", "text": "in 2007 as the LR2. The 2008 version is called the LR2 HSE. The limited run HST had added side trim, front valance, and 19-inch wheels. A Ford 3.2-litre inline six-cylinder engine producing is standard, with a six-speed automatic transmission and all-wheel drive. In the United Kingdom, the standard engine is the Ford 2.2-litre diesel. The TD4 version of the engine produces and , while the SD4 comes with . Interior appointments include an Alpine 440-watt 14-speaker surround sound audio and a 7-inch touch navigation screen options, while the newer models can be equipped with an Meridian audio system, which", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "9954595", "text": "month on the Moon), and was unable to move after the end of the second lunar night, though it continued to gather useful information for some months afterward. In October 2015, \"Yutu\" set the record for the longest operational period for a rover on the Moon. On 31 July 2016, \"Yutu\" ceased to operate after a total of 31 months, well beyond its original expected lifespan of three months. \"Opportunity\" is a robotic rover on the planet Mars, active since 2004. It is the remaining rover in NASA's ongoing Mars Exploration Rover Mission. Launched from Earth on July 7, 2003,", "title": "Rover (space exploration)" }, { "id": "3555186", "text": "of the prop shafts, allowing varying torque across itself; and the Hill Descent Control system, which was then implemented in the rest of the Land Rover range and even in the first generation BMW X5. (BMW was the parent company of Rover Group at the time of the introduction of this model). This first generation also used a Traction Control system and a special version of ABS produced by Wabco and modified to assist driving in off-road situations. Lack of the MG Rover K18 and KV6 engines after the end of the MG Rover production led Land Rover to discontinue", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "6642057", "text": "46% of Ford Motor Company Limited at the end of January 1961. Ford of Britain, properly Ford Motor Company Limited, then became a wholly owned Ford subsidiary. In 1962, Ford opened a factory at Halewood near Liverpool to make the Anglia. This ceased to be a Ford plant (although remained under Ford ownership) when the last Escort came off the production line in 2000 and was then converted to make the Jaguar X-Type in 2001, and latterly the Land Rover Freelander. Halewood was included in the sale of Jaguar and Land Rover to Tata Motors in 2008, although Ford retained", "title": "Ford of Britain" }, { "id": "257480", "text": "Land Rover Land Rover is a luxury car brand that specialises in four-wheel-drive vehicles, owned by British multinational car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover, which has been owned by India's Tata Motors since 2008. The Land Rover is regarded as a British icon, and was granted a Royal Warrant by King George VI in 1951. The Land Rover name was originally used by the Rover Company for the Land Rover Series, launched in 1948. It developed into a brand encompassing a range of four-wheel-drive models, including the Defender, Discovery, Freelander, Range Rover, Range Rover Sport, and Range Rover Evoque. Land Rovers", "title": "Land Rover" }, { "id": "15754236", "text": "car production would take place both here, and at the Austin assembly plant in Longbridge. Following the de-merger of Jaguar from BL in 1984, the Range Rover became BL's flagship product and a stable situation existed from thereon, with new models such as the Discovery debuting in 1989, and the Freelander in 1998 - which finally made use of the old SD1 assembly hall. In 2000, the situation changed once again when BMW (by now the owners of the Rover Group - the successor to BL) decided to sell Land Rover (and the Solihull plant) to Ford. In 2005, production", "title": "Solihull plant" }, { "id": "3555189", "text": "new Freelander features higher ground clearance and off-road capabilities that are closer to other Land Rover models. The second generation has improved quality interior with more safety features as standard. The Freelander 2 features a modified version of the Terrain Response off-road driving system as fitted to the Discovery 3 and the Range Rover. The 4WD system was developed in conjunction with Haldex and was called Third generation coupling. Vehicles from the 2009 model year are fitted with a modified design of the active on-demand coupling, known as Haldex's Fourth generation. The new Freelander was first marketed in the U.S.", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "3555192", "text": "system cuts out the engine when the vehicle is stationary, neutral is selected and the clutch engaged; the engine restarts when the clutch pedal is depressed. The system includes a heavy-duty starter motor that also acts as a generator to recover energy through regenerative braking that is then stored in capacitors to restart the engine reducing stress on the vehicle's battery and electrical system. The stop-start system became available in spring 2009 on Freelander 2 TD4 models. For the 2011 model year, the option of two wheel drive (badged as eD4) was available. This version also lost Terrain Response and", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "4660438", "text": "launch, and GRAIL B followed about eight minutes later. The first probe entered orbit on 31 December 2011 and the second followed on 1 January 2012. The two spacecraft impacted the Lunar surface on 17 December 2012. LADEE was launched on 7 September 2013. The mission ended on 18 April 2014, when the spacecraft's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon, which, later, was determined to be near the eastern rim of Sundman V crater. On 14 December 2013 at 13:12 UTC Chang'e 3 soft-landed a rover on the Moon. This was the first lunar soft", "title": "Moon landing" }, { "id": "18254514", "text": "to the current Discovery 4 model. The Discovery Sport was styled by Gerry McGovern, who was responsible for the design of the original Freelander model. McGovern left Land Rover for Ford in 1999, before returning as Director of Advanced Design in 2004. He was promoted to Design Director when Geoff Upex retired in 2006, and has been responsible for design of all three current Range Rover models. His predecessor, Upex, was responsible for the Freelander 2 design. The Discovery Sport features a steel monocoque, the bonnet, wings, roof and tailgate are made from aluminium and a panoramic glass sunroof is", "title": "Land Rover Discovery Sport" }, { "id": "2212171", "text": "months. The Discovery brought with it an advanced diesel engine, which was soon fitted to the other models in the range. This period saw Land Rover rationalise its operations, closing down satellite factories and increasing parts-sharing between models (axles, transmissions and engines were all shared, and the Discovery used the same chassis and many body panels as the Range Rover). The Ninety/One Ten range was fitted with the new diesel engine and renamed the Defender in 1990. An all-new Range Rover was launched in 1994, together with an improved Discovery which maintained high sales. A fourth model, the 'mini-SUV' Freelander", "title": "Rover Group" }, { "id": "18254520", "text": "the same place under the vehicle, so a tyre repair system of sealant and a compressor is supplied instead. The Discovery Sport was initially powered by the same engine range that features in the outgoing Freelander 2 model for the first model year, the Ford EcoBoost four cylinder 2.0-litre turbocharged petrol engine producing (the only engine option for North America) and the Ford Duratorq four cylinder 2.2-litre turbocharged diesel engine, producing either or . The engines sourced from Ford were replaced by engines from Jaguar Land Rover's new Ingenium engine line from late 2015. The Ingenium family is a range", "title": "Land Rover Discovery Sport" }, { "id": "3555241", "text": "a soft-top \"90\" rolled off the Solihull production line at 9:22 on Friday 29 January 2016. The BBC reports that the Defender's replacement is due to be launched in 2018/2019. In 1993 Land Rover launched the Defender in the North American (i.e. the United States and Canada) market. Although the Range Rover had been sold there since 1987, this was the first time utility Land Rovers had been sold since 1974. To comply with the strict United States Department of Transportation regulations, ranging from crash safety to lighting, as well as the very different requirements of American buyers, the North", "title": "Land Rover Defender" }, { "id": "2212166", "text": "new Metro offered some of the best standards of specification in any supermini at the time, and it sold well until being replaced by the Rover 100 (essentially another update of the original 1980 design) in late 1994. The Rover 100 remained in production for three years, selling reasonably well, until it was discontinued after a dismal crash test performance that saw demand fall dramatically. Its deletion marked the passing of the last design from the British Leyland era of the company. Rover entered the compact executive market in March 1993 with its 600 range. Sold as a four-door saloon,", "title": "Rover Group" }, { "id": "1864297", "text": "Mars Exploration Rover NASA's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission is an ongoing robotic space mission involving two Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, exploring the planet Mars. It began in 2003 with the launch of the two rovers: MER-A \"Spirit\" and MER-B \"Opportunity\"—to explore the Martian surface and geology; both landed on Mars at separate locations in January 2004. Both rovers far outlived their planned missions of 90 Martian solar days: MER-A \"Spirit\" was active until 2010, while MER-B \"Opportunity\" is still active in 2018, and holds the record for the longest distance driven by any off-Earth wheeled vehicle. The mission's", "title": "Mars Exploration Rover" }, { "id": "13541735", "text": "In 2010 Land Rover fitted the newly designed 5.0 N/A and Supercharged engine with ZF 6HP-26 until the 2012 model year, which saw the end of the L322 production. This list does not give diesel options. From 2002-2004 the L322 saw a standard BMW E39 electrics system. From 2005-2009 the L322 saw an updated Jaguar derived electrics system with fibre optics and Bluetooth. From 2010-2012 the L322 saw an updated (different from 05-09) Jaguar derived electrics, the first \"modern feeling\" system. In MY06 the first exterior update was applied with a slight face-lift of front fascia, tail lamps. Some other", "title": "Range Rover" }, { "id": "16340512", "text": "Rover (marque) Rover is a British automotive marque that was used between 1904 and 2005. It was launched as a bicycle maker called Rover Company in 1878, before manufacturing cars in 1904. The brand used the iconic Viking longship as its logo. The rights to the marque are currently part of Jaguar Land Rover, but no Rover vehicles are currently in production, and the marque is considered dormant. Despite a state-controlled absorption by the Leyland Motor Corporation (LMC) in 1967 and subsequent mergers, nationalisation, and de-mergers, the Rover marque retained its identity first as an independent subsidiary division of LMC,", "title": "Rover (marque)" }, { "id": "3555181", "text": "that Land Rover could enter the compact SUV market segment. In the early 1990s, the Rover Group had a restricted product development budget and looked for a partner to develop the project, which was codenamed CB40 (after Canley Building 40, where the concept was initially developed). Rover's then-partner Honda declined and chose to develop its own CR-V model that was launched in 1995. Rover decided to go it alone with the CB40, using existing parts and components, as it had done with the MGF roadster. The floorpan was based on that of the Austin Maestro, and minor components such as", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "2492463", "text": "Opportunity (rover) Opportunity, also known as MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover – B) or MER-1, is a robotic rover active on Mars since 2004. Launched on July 7, 2003 as part of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover program, it landed in Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004, three weeks after its twin \"Spirit\" (MER-A) touched down on the other side of the planet. With a planned 90 sol duration of activity (slightly more than 90 earth days), \"Spirit\" functioned until getting stuck in 2009 and ceased communications in 2010, while \"Opportunity\" was active as of June 10, 2018 when a dust storm", "title": "Opportunity (rover)" }, { "id": "11465331", "text": "did nothing to support Land Rover. On July 2015, Land Rover had to recall over 65,000 cars to fix a software bug that allowed the vehicles' doors to be unlatched without notifying the driver. The second generation Evoque was revealed at an event in London on 22 November 2018. 2011 represented only a partial year of sales, amounting to 10% of total Land Rover sales worldwide. For 2012 and 2013, the Evoque achieved nearly 36% of total Land Rover sales. Range Rover Evoque The Land Rover Range Rover Evoque (commonly known as the Range Rover Evoque) is a subcompact luxury", "title": "Range Rover Evoque" }, { "id": "255764", "text": "the poles and bound into the lunar regolith. The post-Apollo era has also seen two rover missions: the final Soviet Lunokhod mission in 1973, and China's ongoing Chang'e 3 mission, which deployed its Yutu rover on 14 December 2013. The Moon remains, under the Outer Space Treaty, free to all nations to explore for peaceful purposes. The European spacecraft \"SMART-1\", the second ion-propelled spacecraft, was in lunar orbit from 15 November 2004 until its lunar impact on 3 September 2006, and made the first detailed survey of chemical elements on the lunar surface. The ambitious Chinese Lunar Exploration Program began", "title": "Moon" }, { "id": "1308990", "text": "some models shared components, although the only shared production facility was Halewood Body & Assembly — which manufactured the technically related X-Type and the Freelander 2. Operationally the two companies were effectively integrated under a common management structure within Ford's PAG. On 11 June 2007, Ford announced that it planned to sell Jaguar, along with Land Rover and retained the services of Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and HSBC to advise it on the deal. The sale was initially expected to be announced by September 2007, but was delayed until March 2008. Private equity firms such as Alchemy Partners of the", "title": "Jaguar Cars" }, { "id": "3555151", "text": "British Motor Industry Heritage Trust centre at Gaydon, Warwickshire, England. The fifth-generation Discovery was unveiled in the grounds of Packington Hall near Meriden, UK on 28 September 2016, the eve of the 2016 Paris Motor Show, and went on sale in the UK in February 2017. Built on a platform shared with the Range Rover and Range Rover Sport, the current Discovery leaves behind many of the design traditions of former generations for a more modern, though less overtly practical, design. This model also marks the return of the Discovery marque in the U.S. market, replacing the LR moniker of", "title": "Land Rover Discovery" }, { "id": "1980281", "text": "Land Rover remained a part until the Rover Group was broken up by BMW in 2000. Today, the Rover marque is dormant, and is currently owned by the Rover Company's \"de facto\" successor - Jaguar Land Rover, which still operates out of Rover's Solihull plant. After developing a template for the modern bicycle with its Rover Safety Bicycle of 1885, the company moved into the automotive industry. It started building motorcycles then cars using their Viking Longship badge from 1904. All production moved to the Solihull plant after World War II. Land Rover vehicles were developed in 1948 and added", "title": "Rover Company" }, { "id": "2492391", "text": "Spirit (rover) Spirit, also known as MER-A (Mars Exploration Rover – A) or MER-2, is a robotic rover on Mars, active from 2004 to 2010. It was one of two rovers of NASA's ongoing Mars Exploration Rover Mission. It landed successfully on Mars at 04:35 Ground UTC on January 4, 2004, three weeks before its twin, \"Opportunity\" (MER-B), which landed on the other side of the planet. Its name was chosen through a NASA-sponsored student essay competition. The rover became stuck in late 2009, and its last communication with Earth was sent on March 22, 2010. The rover completed its", "title": "Spirit (rover)" }, { "id": "13079721", "text": "than the older engines. Numerous aftermarket companies produced tuning upgrades offering as much as 180 horsepower (164 kW). The Td5 was replaced in the Discovery by the AJD-V6 unit in 2004 and the Ford ZSD-424 in the Defender in 2007. Production of the Td5 at Solihull ceased that year making it the last Land Rover-designed-and-built engine. Layout: 5-cylinder, in-line Block/head: Cast iron/aluminium alloy Valves: OHC, chain-driven camshaft Capacity: Bore × stroke: Compression ratio: 19.5:1 Fuel injection: Lucas Electronic Unit Injection Induction: Allied Signal GT20 turbocharger Power: @ 4,850 rpm (Defender version) Torque: @ 1,950 rpm Production: 1998–2007 Used in: Land", "title": "Land Rover engines" }, { "id": "17716227", "text": "Yutu (rover) Yutu () is an unmanned lunar rover that formed part of the Chinese Chang'e 3 mission to the Moon. It was launched at 17:30 UTC on 1 December 2013, and reached the Moon's surface on 14 December 2013. The mission marks the first soft landing on the Moon since 1976 and the first rover to operate there since the Soviet Lunokhod 2 ceased operations on 11 May 1973. The rover encountered operational difficulties toward the end of the second lunar day after surviving and recovering successfully from the first 14-day lunar night. and was unable to move after", "title": "Yutu (rover)" }, { "id": "3513513", "text": "December 23, 2008, ending production of all GMT360 products. The final Envoy rolled off the assembly line when the Moraine, Ohio plant shut down. The closing of the last factory that manufactured the trucks was the subject of an emotional 2009 HBO documentary: \"\". It is unknown if the Envoy name will return should the second generation of the TrailBlazer go on sale in the North American market. GMC Envoy The GMC Envoy is a mid-size SUV that was produced by General Motors. It was introduced for the 1998 model year. After the first generation Envoy was discontinued after the", "title": "GMC Envoy" }, { "id": "3555136", "text": "Range Rover Sport. The vehicles used were all in standard mechanical form, except for the fitment of additional Land Rover off-road equipment. The first all-new model placement since the Freelander, the Range Rover Sport is based on the Discovery 3 platform, rather than on the larger Range Rover. A 2008–2009 facelifted model of the Discovery 3 offered a Harman/Kardon stereo system upgrade, six-CD changer, clear side indicator lights, and body-colour bumpers. A driverless version of the LR3 finished 4th in the DARPA Urban Challenge. The Discovery 4 (called the LR4 in North America) is an updated version of the Discovery", "title": "Land Rover Discovery" }, { "id": "16340529", "text": "version of the Rover 75, which went on sale later in 2000. In 2003, MG Rover launched the CityRover, a badge-engineered Tata Indica that served as an entry-level model. Despite high initial expectations, sales were poor, and it received mainly negative critics. Several concept cars intended to point the way towards a replacement for the Rover 25 and 45 were shown in the early 2000s, but no production model emerged. MG Rover production ceased on 15 April 2005, when it was declared insolvent, resulting in the immediate loss of more than 6,000 jobs at the company. On 22 July 2005,", "title": "Rover (marque)" }, { "id": "11465328", "text": "grant to Land Rover to produce an all-new model, subject to the conditions that the Evoque would be manufactured at its Halewood Body & Assembly facility in Liverpool. Production of the Evoque started on 4 July 2011, at Land Rover's Halewood manufacturing plant in Liverpool, with the first customer deliveries in September. The Evoque platform, named LR-MS, is loosely based on the Ford EUCD platform (which was used on the company's Freelander 2) but 90% of its parts were redesigned. The British Motor Industry Heritage Trust was given the first vehicle off the line to add to their collection, held", "title": "Range Rover Evoque" }, { "id": "15749048", "text": "paintwork, and a choice of Jet/Ivory or Jet/Pimento interiors. Honeywell Turbo Technologies produced the turbochargers used in LR-TDV8 engine from 2011 in the new 4.4 TDV8 due to reliability issues on the 3.6 TDV8 setup. By the time of the launch, Land Rover had been sold to Ford in 2000, as part of the splitting up of the Rover Group. As a result, the initial engine derivatives were not included in the sale. To celebrate twenty years in North America, Land Rover produced the 20th Anniversary Edition Range Rover, of which only forty were produced. Each vehicle is a supercharged", "title": "Range Rover (L322)" }, { "id": "18254510", "text": "The Discovery Sport is based on the Land Rover LR-MS platform, customised for off-road applications, and is powered by a range of four cylinder petrol and diesel engines. The Discovery Sport is available in five and seven seat layouts. The Discovery Sport represents the third generation of compact SUV produced by Land Rover and replaced the Freelander. Although the Freelander model range had been a successful way to enable Land Rover to move into the medium SUV market, the company felt that the Freelander brand was tainted with memories of unreliability, and that the Discovery brand was more prestigious. The", "title": "Land Rover Discovery Sport" }, { "id": "1309002", "text": "I4 and 3.0-litre V6 diesel engines, or 3.0 litre V6 and 5.0-litre V8 petrol engines. The 5.0 Litre engine is available in supercharged form in the XFR. From 2011, the 2.2-litre diesel engine from the Land Rover Freelander was added to the range as part of a facelift. The Jaguar XJ is a full-size luxury saloon. The model has been in production since 1968 with the first generation being the last Jaguar car to have creative input by the company's founder, Sir William Lyons. In early 2003, the third generation XJ arrived in showrooms and while the car's exterior and", "title": "Jaguar Cars" }, { "id": "17940704", "text": "Opportunity mission timeline Opportunity, MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover – B), is a robotic rover active on the planet Mars since 2004. Launched on July 7, 2003, \"Opportunity\" landed on Mars' Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004 at 05:05 Ground UTC (about 13:15 Mars local time), three weeks after its twin \"Spirit\" (MER-A), also part of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission, touched down on the other side of the planet. While \"Spirit\" became immobile in 2009 and ceased communications in 2010, \"Opportunity\" remains active as of December 11, 2017, having already exceeded its planned 90 sol (Martian days) duration of activity", "title": "Opportunity mission timeline" }, { "id": "3555182", "text": "interior door handles were Maestro items. When BMW took over Rover Group in 1994, the CB40 project received the capital it needed to proceed. In December 2007, \"Autocar\" reported that early development designs and sketches of the Freelander featured Hyundai badging, suggesting that a tie up between both manufacturers was being proposed. The design of the Freelander was by Gerry McGovern, who went on become the head of design at Land Rover in 2007. Land Rover initially intended to subcontract the manufacture of the Freelander to Valmet in Finland, however BMW terminated this agreement upon acquiring the Rover Group, and", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "7436811", "text": "Focus. Furthermore, Ford of Europe announced European production of the Focus would only be carried out at Saarlouis, Germany and Valencia, Spain fuelling rumours that Halewood was due to be closed by Ford. However, Jaguar Cars, owned at the time by Ford, was developing a new mid-sized saloon model which was loosely based on the Ford Mondeo. Ford decided that production of this model, the Jaguar X-Type, would commence at Halewood from 2001 onwards. In 2007, Halewood commenced production of the second generation Land Rover Freelander model, Freelander 2, and a dirt track test facility was constructed at Halewood specifically", "title": "Halewood Body & Assembly" }, { "id": "3210808", "text": "Volvo's P3 platform and the XC60 shares technology with the Land Rover Freelander of 2007. At the time of development, both Land Rover and Volvo were owned by Ford and development was split between the two subsidiaries. Much of the engineering and tuning of this CUV was done by Volvo in Sweden, although offroad capabilities were done at Land Rover in England. In April 2010, an R-Design variant of the XC60 became available, featuring a color-matching body kit, stiffer chassis and damping, and other unique exterior/interior trim. In February 2013, Volvo debuted a refreshed version of the XC60, to be", "title": "Volvo XC60" }, { "id": "13079713", "text": "an end the line of Land Rover 4-cylinder engines that can be traced back to 1957. The Td5 engine was loosely based on the Rover Group's L-series diesel engine. The 300Tdi remained in production in Brazil, and was offered as an option on rest of world (non-UK/Europe) models. Following Ford's acquisition of Land Rover in 2000, the engine was used in Brazilian-built Ford pick-up trucks as well. Increasing emissions laws worldwide and falling sales led to production of the 300Tdi ending in 2006. A much-modified 2.8-litre version was built by International Engines in Brazil until 2010, and was available as", "title": "Land Rover engines" }, { "id": "1308998", "text": "from 2007. Jaguars ceased being produced at Halewood in 2009 following the discontinuation of the X-Type; Halewood now becoming a Land Rover-only plant. Since Jaguar Land Rover was formed following the merger of Jaguar Cars with Land Rover, facilities have been shared across several JLR sites, most of which are used for work on both the Jaguar and Land Rover brands. The Jaguar E-Pace is a compact SUV, officially revealed on 13 July 2017. The F-Pace is a compact luxury crossover SUV - the first SUV from Jaguar. It was unveiled at the International Motor Show Germany in Frankfurt in", "title": "Jaguar Cars" }, { "id": "9954594", "text": "mission that includes a robotic lunar rover \"Yutu\", named after the pet rabbit of Chang'e, the goddess of the Moon in Chinese mythology. Launched in 2013 with the Chang'e 3 mission, it is China's first lunar rover, the first soft landing on the Moon since 1976 and the first rover to operate there since the Soviet Lunokhod 2 ceased operations on 11 May 1973. It was deployed on the Moon on December 14, 2013 and the rover encountered operational difficulties toward the end of the second lunar day after surviving and recovering successfully the first 14-day lunar night (about a", "title": "Rover (space exploration)" }, { "id": "2492462", "text": "has transferred 128,224 pictures in its lifetime. Spirit (rover) Spirit, also known as MER-A (Mars Exploration Rover – A) or MER-2, is a robotic rover on Mars, active from 2004 to 2010. It was one of two rovers of NASA's ongoing Mars Exploration Rover Mission. It landed successfully on Mars at 04:35 Ground UTC on January 4, 2004, three weeks before its twin, \"Opportunity\" (MER-B), which landed on the other side of the planet. Its name was chosen through a NASA-sponsored student essay competition. The rover became stuck in late 2009, and its last communication with Earth was sent on", "title": "Spirit (rover)" }, { "id": "16697493", "text": "conditions favorable for microbial life, including investigation of the role of water; and planetary habitability studies in preparation for human exploration. In December 2012, \"Curiosity\" two-year mission was extended indefinitely. On August 5, 2017, NASA celebrated the fifth anniversary of the \"Curiosity\" rover landing and related exploratory accomplishments on the planet Mars. The rover is still operational, and as of , \"Curiosity\" has been on Mars for sols ( total days) since landing on August 6, 2012. \"(See current status.)\" \"Curiosity\" design will serve as the basis for the planned Mars 2020 rover. As established by the Mars Exploration Program,", "title": "Curiosity (rover)" }, { "id": "1551312", "text": "cancelled due to lack of funding. The U.S. Mars Pathfinder was launched in December 1996 and released the first acting rover on Mars, named \"Sojourner\", in July 1997. It failed in September 1997, probably due to electronics failure caused by the cold temperatures. Mars Pathfinder was part of the cancelled Mars Environmental Survey program with a set of 16 landers planned for 1999–2009. The Mars Polar Lander ceased communication on 3 December 1999, prior to reaching the surface, and is presumed to have crashed. The European Beagle 2 lander deployed successfully from the Mars Express spacecraft but the signal confirming", "title": "Lander (spacecraft)" }, { "id": "9954590", "text": "surface after landing by a manipulator arm and to move in the field of view of the television cameras and stop to make measurements every 1.5 meters. The rover tracks in the Martian soil would also have been recorded to determine material properties. Because of the crash landing of Mars 2 and the communication failure (15 seconds post landing) of Mars 3, neither rover was deployed. The Soviet rover was intended to be the third roving remote-controlled robot on the Moon in 1977. The mission was canceled due to lack of launcher availability and funding, although the rover was built.", "title": "Rover (space exploration)" }, { "id": "1864299", "text": "was granted in October 2007, and ran to the end of 2009. The total cost of the first four mission extensions was $104 million, and the fifth mission extension is expected to cost at least $20 million. In July 2007, during the fourth mission extension, Martian dust storms blocked sunlight to the rovers and threatened the ability of the craft to gather energy through their solar panels, causing engineers to fear that one or both of them might be permanently disabled. However, the dust storms lifted, allowing them to resume operations. On May 1, 2009, during its fifth mission extension,", "title": "Mars Exploration Rover" }, { "id": "3555275", "text": "the Defender's design obsolete The Defender also did not meet U.S. safety requirements after 1997 and since then Land Rover offered U.S. buyers the more luxurious LR2 (Freelander) and LR4 (Discovery) and Range Rover instead. Land Rover unveiled the DC100 and its topless counterpart, the DC100 Sport, at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show. The designs of the concept vehicles received some criticism in the press. The DC100 (Defender Concept 100\") is a conventional three-door off-roader with a 2.0-litre turbo-charged diesel engine and the DC100 Sport is a two-passenger pick-up with a 2.0-litre petrol engine. Unlike the current Defender with 93-inch,", "title": "Land Rover Defender" }, { "id": "83405", "text": "as Chrysler Group LLC. The federal government provided support for the deal with US$8 billion in financing at near 21%. Under CEO Sergio Marchionne, \"World Class Manufacturing\" or WCM, a system of thorough manufacturing quality, was introduced and several products re-launched with quality and luxury. The 2010 Jeep Grand Cherokee very soon became the most awarded SUV ever. The Ram, Jeep, Dodge, SRT and Chrysler divisions were separated to focus on their own identity and brand, and 11 major model refreshes occurred in 21 months. The PT Cruiser, Nitro, Liberty and Caliber models (created during DCX) were discontinued. On May", "title": "Chrysler" }, { "id": "17079070", "text": "on 7 June 2014, followed by the theatrical release of film in Australia on 12 June 2014. It had a limited release on 13 June 2014 in New York City and Los Angeles before expanding wide on 20 June 2014 in the United States. The film earned five nominations from AACTA Awards: Best Direction, Best Lead Actor for Guy Pearce, Best Supporting Actor for Robert Pattinson, Best Production Design and Best Original Music Score and included two wins: Best Supporting Actress for Susan Prior and Best Sound. Ten years after a global economic collapse that caused worldwide turmoil, the Australian", "title": "The Rover (2014 film)" }, { "id": "7411730", "text": "very successful and ended up being extended for another four months. On March 1, 2009, Chang'e 1 was intentionally impacted on the lunar surface completing the 16-month mission. On October 1, 2010, China launched the Chang'e 2 lunar orbiter. China landed the rover Chang'e 3 on the Moon on December 14, 2013, became the third country to have done so. Chang'e 3 is the first spacecraft to soft-land on lunar surface since Luna 24 in 1976. India's national space agency, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), launched Chandrayaan-1, an unmanned lunar orbiter, on October 22, 2008. The lunar probe was originally", "title": "Exploration of the Moon" }, { "id": "3890302", "text": "dash, revised suspension settings, improved equipment and lower prices, some of these changes were necessitated by the end of Domani production in Japan, as Honda refused to continue the supply of certain parts. Production of the car stopped in April 2005, due to the bankruptcy of MG Rover. Honda swiftly terminated the licensing agreement with MG Rover, and removed the remaining tooling and assembly lines for the car from Longbridge prior to its sale to Nanjing Automotive, which meant that no versions of the Rover 45/MG ZS were ever produced by Nanjing Automotive. Rover 45 models were tested on three", "title": "Rover 400 / 45" }, { "id": "5579606", "text": "— reducing military and police casualties. Furthermore, UGVs are now being used in rescue and recovery mission and were first used to find survivors following 9/11 at Ground Zero. NASA's Mars Exploration Rover project includes two UGVs, Spirit and Opportunity, that are still performing beyond the original design parameters. This is attributed to redundant systems, careful handling, and long-term interface decision making. Opportunity (rover) and its twin, Spirit (rover), six-wheeled, solar powered ground vehicles, were launched in July 2003 and landed on opposite sides of Mars in January 2004. The Spirit rover operated nominally until it became trapped in deep", "title": "Unmanned ground vehicle" }, { "id": "20780567", "text": "Jaguar R and SVR models Jaguar R and SVR models are a range of high performance versions of certain car models of the British automotive companies Jaguar and Land Rover. These cars primarily focus on enhanced \"sport\" performance. Jaguar began producing R models in 1995 with the introduction of the first XJR, and began producing R-S models with the introduction of the 2012 XKR-S. The R-S marque has since been replaced by the SVR (Special Vehicle Racing) marque, which was first introduced on the 2017 Jaguar F-Type SVR. On 11 August 2014, the Range Rover Sport SVR was announced by", "title": "Jaguar R and SVR models" }, { "id": "2697226", "text": "Rover\" departed her home port for her last operational deployment in 2014. Between 12 and 16 October 2015 \"Gold Rover\" and participated the bicentennial anniversary commemorations of Napoleon's arrival on Saint Helena after his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, and subsequent surrender to British forces. In 2015, she participated in Operation UNITAS. \"Gold Rover\" entered Portsmouth for the final time on 22 February 2017, bowing out after 43 years of active service. On the 29 August 2017 the Defence Equipment Sales Authority (DESA) invited expressions of interest from companies interested in receiving an invitation to tender in respect to", "title": "RFA Gold Rover (A271)" }, { "id": "5396938", "text": "The most recent example is the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, which launched in June and July 2003, and landed on the Martian surface in January 2004. Another example is the Apollo Command Module. The module was used for six unmanned space flights from February 1966 to April 1968 and eleven manned missions from Apollo 7 in October 1968 through the final manned Apollo 17 lunar mission in December 1972. Because of its extensive heritage, the aeroshell system design is well understood. Adaptation of the aeroshell from atmospheric entry to aerocapture requires mission-specific customization of the thermal protection material", "title": "Aerocapture" }, { "id": "2492437", "text": "if the wheel became fully operational again. The right rear wheel had also stalled on November 28 (sol ) and remained inoperable for the remainder of the mission. This left the rover with only four fully operational wheels. If the team could not gain movement and adjust the tilt of the solar panels, or gain a beneficial wind to clean the panels, the rover would only be able to sustain operations until May 2010. On January 26, 2010 (sol ), after several months attempting to free the rover, NASA decided to redefine the mobile robot mission by calling it a", "title": "Spirit (rover)" }, { "id": "12268368", "text": "due in 2018 for the 2019 model year, In the year ended 31 March 2013, Jaguar Land Rover sold a total of 374,636 units, of which 316,043 were Land Rovers and 58,593 were Jaguars. In that period 21.6% of sales were in Europe (excluding the United Kingdom and Russia), 20.6% in China, 19.3% in the United Kingdom, 16.8% in the United States, 4.8% in Asia Pacific (excluding China) and 16.9% in the rest of the world. In 2015, Jaguar Land Rover became the biggest car manufacturer in UK, producing 489,923 cars and overtaking Nissan, the previous leader. In January 2014,", "title": "Jaguar Land Rover" }, { "id": "8229510", "text": "delayed from the initial planned date of 17–19 April 2007. A second orbiter, Chang'e 2, was launched on 1 October 2010. Chang'e 3, which includes a lander and rover, was launched on 1 December 2013 and successfully soft-landed on the Moon on 14 December 2013. Chang'e 4, which includes a lander and rover, was launched on 7 December 2018. A sample return mission, Chang'e 5, is scheduled for 2019. As indicated by the official insignia, the shape of a calligraphic nascent lunar crescent with two human footprints at its center reminiscent of the Chinese character for ″moon″, the ultimate objective", "title": "Chinese Lunar Exploration Program" }, { "id": "1864298", "text": "scientific objective was to search for and characterize a wide range of rocks and soils that hold clues to past water activity on Mars. The mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, which includes three previous successful landers: the two Viking program landers in 1976 and Mars Pathfinder probe in 1997. The total cost of building, launching, landing and operating the rovers on the surface for the initial 90-sol primary mission was US$820 million. Since the rovers have continued to function beyond their initial 90 sol primary mission, they have each received five mission extensions. The fifth mission extension", "title": "Mars Exploration Rover" }, { "id": "5579607", "text": "sand in April 2009, lasting more than 20 times longer than expected. Opportunity, by comparison, has been operational for more than 12 years beyond its intended lifespan of three months. Curiosity (rover) landed on Mars in September 2011, and its original two-year mission has since been extended indefinitely. Multiple civilian applications of UGVs are being implemented to automatic processes in manufacturing and production environments. They have also been developed as autonomous tour guides for the Carnegie Museum of Natural History and the Swiss National Exhibition Expo. UGVs are one type of agricultural robot. Unmanned harvesting tractors can be operated around", "title": "Unmanned ground vehicle" }, { "id": "11465316", "text": "model). The Coupé model was later discontinued after the 2017 model year while the five-door and Convertible model remained in production. The production model Evoque retained nearly identical bodywork from the LRX concept vehicle including the cabin length panoramic sun roof. No hybrid power train is currently being offered. All models are available in four trim levels — \"Pure\", \"Prestige\", \"Pure Plus\" and \"Dynamic\". Land Rover markets the Pure as the minimalist version rather than the \"base model\" while the Prestige adds luxury options and the Dynamic focuses more on performance. The Evoque uses unibody rather than body on frame", "title": "Range Rover Evoque" }, { "id": "13541737", "text": "ordering process began in September 2013, and retail deliveries in Europe were slated to start in early 2014. The success of Jaguar Land Rover since its formation in 2008 is reflected largely in the rising sales of the Range Rover. In 2009, as a severe recession took hold, just over 22,000 were sold. Four years later, it sold more than twice as many units, with more than 45,000 being sold. By 2015, Range Rover sales worldwide exceeded 60,000. This table excludes Range Rover Sport and Evoque. The total figure is from 2009, excluding those sold prior to that year. A", "title": "Range Rover" }, { "id": "639564", "text": "Biomanufacturing Centre was built in 2006. On the south side of the A561 in Speke is Estuary Commerce Park. Further to south is Prinovis UK and B & M (previously in Blackpool) on the Liverpool International Business Park; on the former Speke Aerodrome is Shop Direct near the National Biomanufacturing Centre. Jaguar Land Rover has 166 acres of its main production site (formerly owned by Ford) in Halewood, making the Freelander and Range Rover Evoque. Getrag Ford Transmissions, make 400,000 automatic and manual transmissions next door to the east of JLR's Halewood plant, for Ford, Volvo and Mazda vehicles. Magna", "title": "North West England" }, { "id": "13079677", "text": "of 1957, and this design was improved, expanded and modified over several versions, culminating in the 300Tdi of 1994, which ceased production in 2006. Over 1.2 million engines in the series have been built. From 1998 the Td5 engine was fitted to Land Rover products. Whilst this 5-cylinder turbodiesel was unrelated in any way to the 4-cylinder designs and was originally intended for use in both Rover Cars and Land Rover 4×4s it only reached production in its Land Rover form. It was produced between 1998 and 2007, and 310,000 Td5s were built. Production of these engines originally took place", "title": "Land Rover engines" }, { "id": "2861270", "text": "2007. In September 2006, the rights of the defunct Rover brand were secured from BMW by Ford to protect the Land Rover brand. In March 2008, Ford sold Jaguar and Land Rover to indian carmaker Tata Motors. In 2010, Ford sold the Swedish brand Volvo Cars, the last of the PAG, to the parent of Chinese carmaker Geely for $1.8 billion. The Premier Automotive Group was based in London, England. The Premier Automotive Group's North American headquarters were located at 1 Premier Place in Irvine, California. It is next door to the Mazda North American Operations office, and is now", "title": "Premier Automotive Group" }, { "id": "9954598", "text": "and will operate for two weeks. The proposed launch is in January 2019. TeamIndus, a private aerospace startup based out of Bangalore, is building a lunar mission comprising a lunar lander and rover. Originally started as a competitor for the $30M Google Lunar X Prize, the competition ended without a winner, but TeamIndus still plans on launching their spacecraft sometime in 2019. The solar-powered rover has four wheels and will be equipped with a number of cameras including CASPEX micro-camera from CNES. The rover will operate for a maximum of one lunar day or fourteen Earth days. The European Space", "title": "Rover (space exploration)" }, { "id": "8052376", "text": "O-series engine. The engine started production in low volume at Longbridge for Rover 600 only (Job 1 engine) with later higher volume production at Solihull for Rover 600 and all other applications (Job 2). The L series was extremely versatile and has been fitted in the Land Rover Freelander, Rover 200 Mk3, Rover 400 Mk2, Rover 600, and European versions of the Honda Accord and Honda Civic. It has been successfully tuned to produce much higher power than standard. A development of the L-series engine (G series) featuring a modern common-rail fuel-injection system was underway when MG-Rover ceased production, but", "title": "Rover L-series engine" }, { "id": "16700629", "text": "began in late 2004, including Aerojet's monopropellant engine with the ability to throttle from 15–100 percent thrust with a fixed propellant inlet pressure. By November 2008 most hardware and software development was complete, and testing continued. At this point, cost overruns were approximately $400 million. On December 2008, lift-off was delayed to November 2011 due to insufficient time for testing and integration. Between March 23–29, 2009, the general public ranked nine finalist rover names (\"Adventure, Amelia, Journey, Perception, Pursuit, Sunrise, Vision, Wonder\", and \"Curiosity\") through a public poll on the NASA website. On May 27, 2009, the winning name was", "title": "Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory" }, { "id": "3555146", "text": "standard LR4.<ref name=\"Discovery 4/LR4 Sentinel\"></ref> For the 2011 model year announced late 2010, the 2.7-litre engine was dropped and two versions of the 3.0-litre engine were made available – one called the TDV6 and one called the SDV6 (the latter offering 245 bhp). For the 2012 model year, diesel models in Europe came with the new eight-speed auto gearbox with steering wheel paddle controls and a circular dial selector that raises upon startup. The SDV6 engine was uprated to whilst both diesel engines featured reduced emissions for European models. During 2012 the HSE Luxury special edition was announced, featuring enhanced", "title": "Land Rover Discovery" }, { "id": "7374242", "text": "1971, with a base price of $5,300, it didn't come to fruition due to the lack of finance, production capacity, and new US safety and environmental regulations. While the Land Rover Series III was still imported into the US, a decline in sales and new smog regulations caused British Leyland to withdraw from the US market in 1974. In the early 1980s, the Range Rover was sold in the US as a grey market vehicle by four Los Angeles area-based dealers, and starting in 1984, also by Aston Martin's American Division based in Greenwich, Connecticut. With fuel injection replacing the", "title": "Range Rover Classic" }, { "id": "16340514", "text": "BMW retained ownership of the Rover marque, allowing MG Rover to use it under licence. In April 2005, Rover-branded cars ceased to be produced when the MG Rover Group became insolvent. Some of MG Rover Group's assets were bought by China-based SAIC Motor, who managed to obtain some technology that was incorporated into a new line of luxury saloons under the Roewe marque. Other assets were bought by another Chinese automaker, Nanjing Automobile. BMW sold the rights to Rover marque to Ford in 2006 for approximately £6 million, the latter exercising an option of first refusal to buy it dating", "title": "Rover (marque)" }, { "id": "3555246", "text": "the 1970s, it fell out of favour as a 4x4 work vehicle while offerings from Toyota and Nissan increased in popularity. Mid-2009, Land Rover expanded the model range to include 110 and 130 cab-chassis, panel van and HCPU versions, and late in the year announced the re-introduction of the 90 4x4 model for sale from early 2010. Defenders, derivatives and clones have been built by a number of manufacturers including Santana Motors in Spain (modified Land Rover clones made from 1958 until the licence expired in 1983; Land Rover derivatives were then developed from 1984–1995), Morattab in Iran (using parts", "title": "Land Rover Defender" }, { "id": "1551314", "text": "the Martian surface in January 2004 using landers featuring airbags and parachutes to soften impact. \"Spirit\" ceased functioning in 2010, more than five years past its design lifetime. As of January 2017, \"Opportunity\" remains active, having exceeded its three-month design lifetime by well over a decade. The U.S. Phoenix spacecraft successfully achieved soft landing on the surface of Mars on May 25, 2008, using a combination of parachutes and rocket descent engines. Mars Science Laboratory (\"Curiosity\") was successfully launched by NASA on November 26, 2011. It landed in the Aeolis Palus region of Gale Crater on Mars on August 6,", "title": "Lander (spacecraft)" }, { "id": "16697516", "text": "arm operations were cleared to continue, but drilling remained suspended indefinitely. The \"Curiosity\" team continued to perform diagnostics and testing on the drill mechanism throughout 2017. \"Curiosity\" has an advanced payload of scientific equipment on Mars. It is the fourth NASA unmanned surface rover sent to Mars since 1996. Previous successful Mars rovers are \"Sojourner\" from the Mars Pathfinder mission (1997), and \"Spirit\" (2004–2010) and \"Opportunity\" (2004–present) rovers from the Mars Exploration Rover mission. \"Curiosity\" is long by wide by in height, larger than Mars Exploration Rovers, which are long and have a mass of including of scientific instruments. In", "title": "Curiosity (rover)" }, { "id": "9954596", "text": "it landed on the Martian Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004 at 05:05 Ground UTC (about 13:15 local time), three weeks after its twin \"Spirit\" (MER-A) touched down on the other side of the planet. On July 28, 2014, NASA announced that \"Opportunity\", after having traveled over on the planet Mars, has set a new \"off-world\" record as the rover having driven the greatest distance, surpassing the previous record held by the Soviet Union's Lunokhod 2 rover that had traveled . () On 26 November 2011, NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission was successfully launched for Mars. The mission successfully landed", "title": "Rover (space exploration)" }, { "id": "3555191", "text": "comes with a surround sound 17-speaker system with Trifield technology, producing 825 Watts. The Meridian system is also equipped with subwoofers and Audyssey MultEQ audio tuning system. Also a 5-inch colour display screen is standard even at the newer entry-level models. An optional cold climate package includes heated front windscreen, heated front seats with two heating levels and heated windscreen washers. The optional lighting package includes bi-xenon headlights, adaptive front-lighting, memory for the driver seat, as well as exterior mirrors and approach and puddle lamps. The Freelander TD4_e features stop-start technology to improve fuel economy and reduce carbon emissions. The", "title": "Land Rover Freelander" }, { "id": "8342639", "text": "Powertrain Ltd Powertrain Ltd was a British company based in Birmingham which made some cars, manufactured and marketed car engines and transmissions. The company was owned by MG Rover Group and Phoenix Venture Holdings. It was based in the South Works at Rover's Longbridge plant. The companies main products were the K-Series four-cylinder and six-cylinder Engines and the L-Series four-cylinder diesel engine. The company mainly produced engines for MG Rover between 2000 and 2005 but also supplied Ford Land Rover with the L-Series and K-Series engines for the Land Rover Freelander which was developed by Rover Group in the 1990s", "title": "Powertrain Ltd" }, { "id": "4567537", "text": "2013, Toyota USA announced the 2014 model year Trail Teams edition would be called the \"Ultimate Edition\" and that the 2014 model year would be the last for the FJ Cruiser in that market. It continued to be made for sale in other markets such as Australia and the Middle East until its export to those market was discontinued in August 2016. The \"Final Edition\" of the FJ Cruiser went on sale in Japan on 12 September 2017. Sales of the FJ Cruiser were discontinued there on 31 January 2018. By the time the production of the original FJ40 ended", "title": "Toyota FJ Cruiser" }, { "id": "9149668", "text": "for what became 5 ships were invited in 1967. Problems with the original propulsion led to the first three of the class being re-engined in 1974. The final two had minor changes including improved accommodation and different stern anchor arrangements. \"Blue Rover\" suffered a fire during construction in 1970 which killed two shipyard workers. Costs ranged from £3m for \"Green Rover\" to £7.7m for \"Gold Rover\", last of the class. Rover-class tanker The Rover class is a British ship class of \"Small Fleet Tanker\", active from 1970 to 2017 with the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. Two remain in service, one having", "title": "Rover-class tanker" }, { "id": "3555227", "text": "Green and nicknamed \"Green Mamba\" by BMW engineers, was sold to a private individual in South Africa, while the other two were sent back to the UK for additional tests. There were some major changes made to the 2.8i for the 2000 model year. It received a variety of updates including new instrumentation with new gauges with improved illumination and switches, an updated chassis, and new electrical systems similar to the Td5. It also received an updated cooling system with an aluminum radiator to help solve overheating issues experienced with the older brass radiator, and an updated fuel system consisting", "title": "Land Rover Defender" } ]

[ "Charles Martin" ]

[ { "id": "19871695", "text": "The Mountain Between Us (novel) The Mountain Between Us is a romance-disaster novel, written by American author Charles Martin. The story focuses on Dr. Ben Payne and writer Ashley Knox as they get stuck on High Uintas Wilderness after a plane crash. The novel was published by Broadway Books on June 28, 2011. A film adaptation starring Idris Elba and Kate Winslet was released on October 6, 2017. On a stormy winter night, Dr. Ben Payne and writer Ashley Knox are stuck in Salt Lake City airport when their flights are canceled. Both are eager to reach their destinations—Ben has", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (novel)" }, { "id": "19871753", "text": "The Mountain Between Us (film) The Mountain Between Us is a 2017 American drama film directed by Hany Abu-Assad and written by Chris Weitz and J. Mills Goodloe, based on the 2011 novel of the same name by Charles Martin. It stars Idris Elba and Kate Winslet as a surgeon and a journalist, respectively, who survive a plane crash, with a dog, and are stranded in High Uintas Wilderness with injuries and harsh weather conditions. The film premiered on September 9, 2017, at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 6,", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "19871698", "text": "Also in the film, Winslet’s character’s occupation was changed to a travelling photographer/journalist and Elba’s character’s occupation was changed to a brain surgeon at first, then after the rescue, switched to being a general doctor. For the plot in the film, Winslet’s character hires the charter plane instead of Dr. Ben in the original book. The Mountain Between Us (novel) The Mountain Between Us is a romance-disaster novel, written by American author Charles Martin. The story focuses on Dr. Ben Payne and writer Ashley Knox as they get stuck on High Uintas Wilderness after a plane crash. The novel was", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (novel)" }, { "id": "19871697", "text": "Book Report\", called it \"not only a page-turner of an adventure story; there is a moving emotional counterpart to the physical journey these characters undertake.\" 20th Century Fox adapted the novel into a feature film, with Hany Abu-Assad directing. Kate Winslet and Idris Elba played the lead roles. The film premiered on September 9, 2017 at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 6, 2017, by 20th Century Fox. In the film, Winslet's character's name was changed from Ashley Knox to Alex Martin, and Elba's character's surname from Payne to Bass.", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (novel)" }, { "id": "11878540", "text": "Sequel to The Dead Don't Dance (Awakening Book 2)\" (2006), \"When Crickets Cry\" (2006), \"Wrapped in Rain\" (2005) and \"The Dead Don't Dance (Awakening Book 1)\" (2004). \"The Mountain Between Us\" was made into a major motion picture by 20th Century Fox. Starring Kate Winslet and Idris Elba, it was released on October 6, 2017. Charles Martin (author) Charles Martin (born November 3, 1969) is an author from the Southern United States. Martin earned his B.A. in English from Florida State University and went on to receive an M.A. in Journalism and a Ph.D. in Communication from Regent University. He", "title": "Charles Martin (author)" }, { "id": "19871696", "text": "patients waiting, and Ashley is to be married the following day. Ben hires a charter plane and offers Ashley a seat, but when their pilot suffers a fatal heart attack in flight, the plane crashes, leaving them stranded in the High Uintas Wilderness. Though they survive the impact with injuries (Ben has broken ribs and Ashley suffers a terrible leg fracture), they are faced with harsh weather conditions and the fact that no one knows they are missing. The ordeal leads them to depend on one other for survival, and ultimately brings them closer. Terry Miller Shannon, writing in \"The", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (novel)" }, { "id": "10097335", "text": "studios. The film began principal photography in August 2016. Starring Nick Robinson and Amandla Stenberg, Warner Bros. released the film nationwide on May 19, 2017. In August 2015, StudioCanal bought an original action-thriller pitch, \"Sana\", from Goodloe. \"Sana\", a drone-focused story follows an Air Force major whose entire squadron has been poisoned by a jihadist infiltrator. Goodloe co-wrote the screenplay for the film \"The Mountain Between Us\", with Chris Weitz. Starring Idris Elba and Kate Winslet, the romance drama was directed by Academy Award-nominated Hany Abu-Assad, and was released on October 6, 2017, by Fox. In August 2016, Paramount Pictures", "title": "J. Mills Goodloe" }, { "id": "19871758", "text": "Ben. After leaving the restaurant, Ben admits to Alex that they survived because they fell in love. Alex dismisses her feelings and reminds Ben of something he said on the mountain: \"the heart is just a muscle.\" They hug goodbye, but as they depart in opposite directions they run back to each other. The project was first developed in January 2012, with Mexican director Gerardo Naranjo set to direct a script by J. Mills Goodloe. In August 2012, Scott Frank was hired to re-write the script. In November 2014, Hany Abu-Assad replaced Naranjo, and Chris Weitz was later hired to", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "7465502", "text": "Angeles Review of Books\" on 6 December 2012, Grande explained why she decided to part from fiction to tell her story: \"The Distance Between Us\" was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award (autobiography category). As with \"Across a Hundred Mountains\", it has been selected for a number of common read programs. Reyna Grande Reyna Grande (born 7 September 1975, Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico) is a Mexican American author. Grande grew up in poverty in Iguala, Guerrero then was left behind for eight years when her father, and later her mother, headed to the U.S. in search of work.", "title": "Reyna Grande" }, { "id": "637701", "text": "the death of his daughter, was panned by critics. Writing for \"New York\" magazine, Emily Yoshida criticised it as a vacuous remake of \"A Christmas Carol\" and wrote that Winslet had \"never looked more painted and tired\". It was a modest earner at the box office. Winslet agreed to the romantic disaster film \"The Mountain Between Us\" (2017) to take on the challenge of a role requiring physical exertion. It featured Idris Elba and her as two strangers who crash land on an icy, isolated mountain range. They filmed in the mountains of Western Canada at 10,000 feet above sea", "title": "Kate Winslet" }, { "id": "19871754", "text": "2017, by 20th Century Fox. After their flight is cancelled due to stormy weather, neurosurgeon Dr. Ben Bass (Idris Elba) and photojournalist Alex Martin (Kate Winslet) hire private pilot Walter (Beau Bridges) to get them to Denver for connecting flights to Alex's wedding in New York and Ben's emergency surgery appointment in Baltimore. Walter, who has not filed a flight plan, suffers a fatal stroke mid-flight, and the plane crashes on a mountaintop in the High Uintas Wilderness. Ben, Alex, and Walter's dog survive the crash with various injuries. Alex thinks Ben has a better chance of finding help if", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "16097631", "text": "John Ashmead John Ashmead (1917–1992) was an American novelist, Naval Intelligence officer, and professor of English. His writings include \"The Mountain and the Feather\" about his experiences in the Pacific in World War II as a United States naval intelligence officer and translator. He received a commendation for obtaining information that helped Navy fliers shoot down the plane of Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, who had masterminded the 1941 surprise attack on the U.S. military base at Pearl Harbor, HI, which brought the United States into the fighting. He co-authored \"The Songs of Robert Burns\" in 1988 with Professor John Davison.", "title": "John Ashmead" }, { "id": "19871767", "text": "story cheapens the grand survival story.\" Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of \"The A.V. Club\" criticized the central characters as \"a couple of one-note personality-test types\" with \"zero romantic chemistry,\" and wrote that the script \"actually tones down the howling outrageousness of Martin’s novel, which seems to miss the point. But, structurally, it’s the same junk. Problems pop out of nowhere and resolve themselves, while torturous motivations attempt to explain why characters would withhold basic information from one another for weeks...\" The Mountain Between Us (film) The Mountain Between Us is a 2017 American drama film directed by Hany Abu-Assad and written by", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "19871762", "text": "Alberta and British Columbia. Abu-Assad has described the locations as having very cold temperatures, and tough and harsh filming conditions. Many scenes were shot on a mountaintop, and he and the crew had to drive 40 minutes before reaching the film's base camp. When the weather was okay, they could board the helicopter to reach their destination along with their supplies. On July 19, 2017, Winslet and Elba were spotted in London re-shooting some scenes for the film. German-Iranian composer Ramin Djawadi composed & conducted the music for the film. The official trailer for the movie was released with \"Dusk", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "19871760", "text": "good luck.\" The film went through several lead casting changes. In March 2012, it was announced that Michael Fassbender would star as Bass, but by September 2014, Fassbender dropped out due to a scheduling conflict, and Charlie Hunnam replaced him. Margot Robbie also came on board to star as Alex. In November 2014, Robbie dropped out of the project, and Rosamund Pike entered negotiations for the lead role. In December 2015, both Hunnam and Pike dropped out. In February 2016, Idris Elba came on board, followed by Kate Winslet in June 2016. Dermot Mulroney joined the cast as Winslet's character's", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "2461654", "text": "Douglas Gresham Douglas Howard Gresham (born November 10, 1945) is an American British stage and voice-over actor, biographer, film producer, and executive record producer. He is one of the two stepsons of C. S. Lewis. Gresham was born in New York City, the son of writers William Lindsay Gresham and Joy Davidman. William Gresham was the author of \"Nightmare Alley\", the classic of American noir literature, while Joy Davidman was best known for her book \"Smoke on the Mountain\", about the Ten Commandments. The couple were separated in 1954, and Joy moved to England with her two sons. Gresham's mother", "title": "Douglas Gresham" }, { "id": "19871765", "text": "by reliably engaging performances from Idris Elba and Kate Winslet.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A−\" on an A+ to F scale. Jordan Mintzer of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" described the film as \"an easily digestible love story-come-survival tale that tosses two excellent actors in the snow and lets them do their thing,\" before concluding that \"what really helps \"Mountain\" overcome its far-fetched scenario is the pairing of Winslet and Elba, who", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "19871756", "text": "her behind to find help. Ben initially agrees but soon returns; they press forward again. The dog alerts them to a nearby timber yard. On their way toward it, Ben's leg gets caught in a bear trap. Alex cannot free him, but she reaches the yard and collapses in front of an approaching truck. Ben awakens in a hospital and goes to Alex's room, where he finds her with Mark (Dermot Mulroney), her fiancé. After a brief discussion, Ben leaves heartbroken. Some time after, Mark discovers Alex is no longer in love with him. Ben and Alex go their separate", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "19871763", "text": "Till Dawn\" by Zayn and Sia as the official soundtrack. The score from the film is now released at Lakeshore Records. The film premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival, on September 9, 2017. The film was initially set for release in the United States on October 20, 2017 but was later moved up to October 6, 2017. , \"The Mountain Between Us\" has grossed $30.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $30.7 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $62.3 million, against a production budget of $35 million. In the United States and Canada,", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "20006615", "text": "to flee the pogroms of Russia. Her uncle, Maurice, was chief historian of the US Army from 1970 to his retirement in 1981 and author of \"Strategic Planning and Coalition Warfare\" and co-author of \"American Military History.\" Judith Matloff Judith Matloff (born March 25, 1958) is an American writer, journalism professor and media safety advocate. Her non-fiction books are \"No Friends but the Mountains\" (2017), \"Home Girl\" (2008), and \"Fragments of a Forgotten War\" (1997). Matloff teaches conflict reporting at the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism and is a contributing editor to the \"Columbia Journalism Review\". She previously served as", "title": "Judith Matloff" }, { "id": "2461659", "text": "(1985) on which the stage play was based. Douglas Gresham Douglas Howard Gresham (born November 10, 1945) is an American British stage and voice-over actor, biographer, film producer, and executive record producer. He is one of the two stepsons of C. S. Lewis. Gresham was born in New York City, the son of writers William Lindsay Gresham and Joy Davidman. William Gresham was the author of \"Nightmare Alley\", the classic of American noir literature, while Joy Davidman was best known for her book \"Smoke on the Mountain\", about the Ten Commandments. The couple were separated in 1954, and Joy moved", "title": "Douglas Gresham" }, { "id": "20006607", "text": "Judith Matloff Judith Matloff (born March 25, 1958) is an American writer, journalism professor and media safety advocate. Her non-fiction books are \"No Friends but the Mountains\" (2017), \"Home Girl\" (2008), and \"Fragments of a Forgotten War\" (1997). Matloff teaches conflict reporting at the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism and is a contributing editor to the \"Columbia Journalism Review\". She previously served as the Africa and Moscow bureau chief for the \"Christian Science Monitor.\" Her writing has appeared in the \"New York Times Magazine\" and \"Book Review\", \"The Economist,\" the \"Financial Times\", \"Newsweek,\" the \"Sunday Telegraph\" and the \"Dallas Morning", "title": "Judith Matloff" }, { "id": "16291914", "text": "John D'Agata John D’Agata (born 1975 on Cape Cod, Massachusetts) is an American essayist. He is the author of six books of nonfiction, including \"The Next American Essay\" (2003), \"The Lost Origins of the Essay\" (2009) and \"The Making of the American Essay\"—all part of the trilogy of essay anthologies called \"A New History of the Essay.\" He also wrote \"The Lifespan of a Fact\", \"Halls of Fame,\" and \"About a Mountain.\" He's the recipient of fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Howard Foundation and the Lannan Foundation. He is the M.F. Carpenter Professor", "title": "John D'Agata" }, { "id": "16097638", "text": "II U.S. Navy Japanese Language School which began at Harvard and later migrated to Berkeley, California, and ultimately Boulder, Colorado. These friends and student-war personnel colleagues include Serge Elisséeff, Donald Keene, Otis Cary, Leslie A. Feidler, Marion J. Levy, Jr., Jonas Barish and Beate Sirota Gordon who went on after World War II, to become leading intellectuals in their academic fields. Deciphering the Rising Sun Kanji and Code John Ashmead John Ashmead (1917–1992) was an American novelist, Naval Intelligence officer, and professor of English. His writings include \"The Mountain and the Feather\" about his experiences in the Pacific in World", "title": "John Ashmead" }, { "id": "5871615", "text": "which premiered with a live performance from the Australian Chamber Orchestra at the Sydney Opera House in June 2017. Macfarlane's script was voiced by Willem Dafoe. \"Mountain\" has gone on to become one of the highest-grossing Australian feature documentaries of all time. Macfarlane's first book, \"Mountains of the Mind\", was published in 2003 and won the Guardian First Book Award, the Somerset Maugham Award, and the Sunday Times Young Writer of the Year Award. It was shortlisted for the Boardman Tasker Prize for Mountain Literature and the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize. It is an account of the development of Western", "title": "Robert Macfarlane (writer)" }, { "id": "2858600", "text": "the Mountains\" (1999), \"Our Lady of the Forest\" (2003), \"The Other\" (2008), and \"Ed King\" (2011). Guterson married Robin Guterson at age 23 and has five children. Currently, he lives on Bainbridge Island in Puget Sound, and is a co-founder of Field's End, an organization for writers. David Guterson David Guterson ( ; born May 4, 1956) is an American novelist, short story writer, poet, journalist, and essayist. He is best known as the author of the book \"Snow Falling on Cedars\". David Guterson was born May4, 1956, in Seattle, Washington the son of criminal defense lawyer Murray Guterson. During", "title": "David Guterson" }, { "id": "3234256", "text": "American campaign, with Vargas doing the interviews. Weitz wrote the screenplay for Disney's 2015 live-action adaptation of \"Cinderella,\" which was released in theaters on March 13, 2015. Weitz said he went back to the many different versions of the story (Brothers Grimm, Charles Perrault, as well as the 1950 animated Disney original) as well as his own vision. Weitz scripted the first \"Star Wars\" stand-alone film, director Gareth Edwards' \"Rogue One\" (2016). Replacing Gary Whitta, Weitz shares writing duties with acclaimed filmmaker Tony Gilroy. In 2017, Weitz and J. Mills Goodloe co-wrote the script for Fox 2000's \"The Mountain Between", "title": "Chris Weitz" }, { "id": "3148711", "text": "Award at a gala hosted by the Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms in Toronto in 2018. Steyn lives and works mainly in Woodsville, New Hampshire. He is married, and has three children. Mark Steyn Mark Steyn (; born December 8, 1959) is a Canadian author and cultural commentator. He has written numerous books, including the \"New York Times\" bestsellers \"America Alone: The End of the World As We Know It\" and \"After America: Get Ready for Armageddon\". Steyn has been published by magazines and newspapers around the world, and is a regular guest host of the nationally syndicated \"Rush Limbaugh", "title": "Mark Steyn" }, { "id": "19847177", "text": "David Ready David Ready is an American film producer and production executive, and the current EVP at Chernin Entertainment. A native of Boston and graduate of Washington University in St. Louis, Ready previously served as a production executive for Jerry Weintraub and subsequently at Di Bonaventura Pictures. He joined Chernin Entertainment in 2013. His credits include \"\", \"Salt\", \"Red\" and \"Red 2\", \"\", \"Man on a Ledge\", and \"Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates\". He also produced \"The Mountain Between Us\" (2017) and \"Red Sparrow\" (2018) for Chernin. He is in post-production on \"Tolkien\", a biopic of J.R.R. Tolkien. The", "title": "David Ready" }, { "id": "19871759", "text": "re-write the script. Abu-Assad has said of the film, \"I really didn’t see an epic love story against the background of survival, I think optimism and hope is crucial to survive. And to go on with your life even if you’ve had a lot of bad luck. So if you give (in) to the bad luck, you will die. (But) if you fight the bad luck, you have a better chance to survive and make your life better. This is very simple wisdom, yes? But still very crucial especially in these kind of days, when everybody feels entitled to their", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "12397483", "text": "(though snowmobiling is not allowed within the Wilderness Area), cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing. Despite being filmed in Canada, the area is specifically referred to in, and the setting for most of, the 2017 film \"The Mountain Between Us\". High Uintas Wilderness The High Uintas Wilderness is a wilderness area located in northeastern Utah, United States. The wilderness covers the Uinta Mountains, encompassing parts of Duchesne and Summit counties. Designated as a wilderness in 1984, the area is located within parts of Ashley National Forest and Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest, managed by the U.S. Forest Service. The highest peak in Utah, Kings", "title": "High Uintas Wilderness" }, { "id": "12397452", "text": "Elizabeth Winthrop Elizabeth Winthrop (born September 14, 1948), also known as Elizabeth Winthrop Alsop, is an American writer, the author of more than sixty published books, primarily children's fiction. She is best known for the classic middle-grade novel, \"The Castle in the Attic\" and its sequel \"The Battle for the Castle\" which have been nominated for 23 state book awards and are considered children's classics. Elizabeth Winthrop was born in Washington, D.C. She is a daughter of the newspaper columnist and political analyst Stewart Alsop and one of her siblings is investor and pundit Stewart Alsop II. Her uncle was", "title": "Elizabeth Winthrop" }, { "id": "5871614", "text": "Robert Macfarlane (writer) Robert Macfarlane (born 15 August 1976) is a British writer. Macfarlane was born in Oxford and attended Nottingham High School. He was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, and Magdalen College, Oxford. He began his PhD at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 2000, and in 2001 was elected a Fellow of the College. In 2012 he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. He is a founding Trustee of the charity Action For Conservation. In collaboration with the director Jen Peedom, the cinematographer Renan Ozturk and the composer Richard Tognetti, Macfarlane worked on the film \"Mountain\",", "title": "Robert Macfarlane (writer)" }, { "id": "16101969", "text": "praise. In 2017, Alverson directed and edited a short film entitled \"William Eggleston: Musik\" in support of the photographer's first collection of musical compositions. Alverson's fifth feature,\"The Mountain\" (2018), premiered in competition at the 75th Venice International Film Festival . Set in early 1950's America, the film stars Tye Sheridan, Jeff Goldblum, Hannah Gross, Udo Kier and Denis Lavant and is loosely based on the American neurologist Walter Freeman's fall from grace after the procedure he invented, the lobotomy, came under scrutiny. Referring to the film as \"anti-utopian\", Alverson has described it as a \"counterweight\" to the American \"narrative of", "title": "Rick Alverson" }, { "id": "12049117", "text": "Katya Alpert Gilden Katya Alpert Gilden (March 9, 1914 – May 5, 1991) was an American best-selling novelist who wrote with her husband Bert Gilden under the pen-name \"K.B. Gilden\". The couple produced two major novels, \"Hurry Sundown\" (1964), which was made into an Otto Preminger film in 1967, and \"Between the Hills and the Sea\" (1971), published four months after Bert's death. Gilden was born in Bangor, Maine and graduated from Radcliffe College in 1935. While an undergraduate, she was the first woman to publish in the \"Harvard Advocate\", submitting a poem, and a story about a fight between", "title": "Katya Alpert Gilden" }, { "id": "19871766", "text": "know how to turn up the charm tenfold yet make Alex and Ben seem (mostly) like real people.\" Tim Grierson of \"ScreenDaily\" noted that the film \"struggles to balance its life-or-death stakes with its far more florid love story,\" but added that \"the considerable chemistry between Kate Winslet and Idris Elba certainly helps sell this tearjerker.\" In his review for \"Variety\", Peter Debruge described it as \"a movie in which neither the subzero temperature nor the romantic heat penetrates more than skin deep.\" Also criticising the film, Steve Pond of \"TheWrap\" found it unnecessarily lengthy and said that \"a love", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "10413083", "text": "Russian's life during the collapse of the Soviet Union. She reported from Afghanistan in both 2004 and 2008. In 2006, she traveled in Kenya to research the novel \"The Camel Bookmobile\" (2007), published by HarperCollins. She had previously published the books \"Staircase of a Thousand Steps\" (2001), \"The Distance Between Us\" (2004), \"31 Hours\" (2009), and \"What Changes Everything\" (2013). She started two world literacy projects: the Camel Book Drive to help the camel-powered library in Northeast Kenya, begun in 2007, and the Afghan Women's Writing Project, to foster the voices of Afghan women, begun in 2009. In 2010, she", "title": "Masha Hamilton" }, { "id": "19871764", "text": "the film was released alongside \"Blade Runner 2049\" and \"\", and was expected to gross $11–12 million from 3,088 theaters in its opening weekend. It ended up debuting to $10.1 million, finishing second at the box office, behind \"Blade Runner 2049\" ($32.5 million). The film dropped 47% in its second weekend, making $5.7 million and falling to 5th. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 41%, based on 155 reviews, with an average rating of 5.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"The Mountain Between Us\" may be too far-fetched for some viewers to appreciate, but it's elevated", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "4467918", "text": "Polyphonic Spree. In the book, Hornby describes the people who run \"The Believer\" as being \"all dressed in white robes and smiling maniacally, sort of like a literary equivalent of the Polyphonic Spree.\" (pg. 30) There are three follow-up books, \"Housekeeping vs. The Dirt\" (2006), \"Shakespeare Wrote for Money\" (2008) and \"More Baths Less Talking\" (2012). Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read:", "title": "The Polysyllabic Spree" }, { "id": "17376035", "text": "and in Bryan Giemza's \"Catholic Writers and the Invention of the American South\" (2013). Sayers's essay \"The Word Cure: Cancer, Language, and Prayer\" appears in the journal \"Image\". Valerie Sayers Valerie Sayers (born 1952) is an American writer and the author of six novels: \"The Powers\" (2013); \"Brain Fever\" (1996); \"The Distance Between Us\" (1994); \"Who Do You Love\" (1991); \"How I Got Him Back, or, Under the Cold Moon’s Shine\" (1989); and \"Due East\" (1987). \"Brain Fever\" and \"Who Do You Love\" were named \"New York Times\" \"Notable Books of the Year\", and the 2002 film \"Due East\" is", "title": "Valerie Sayers" }, { "id": "15137962", "text": "Grace Lin Grace Lin (born May 17, 1974) is an American children's writer and illustrator. Lin's parents were Taiwanese immigrants to the United States and Lin grew up in upstate New York. She later graduated from the Rhode Island School of Design. She currently resides in Somerville, Massachusetts and has a daughter born in May 2012. Her book \"Where the Mountain Meets the Moon\" was a recipient of a 2010 Newbery Honor Book mention. She also received an Honorable Mention for \"The Year of the Dog\" in 2007 from the Asian/Pacific American Awards for Literature. \"The Year of the Dog\"", "title": "Grace Lin" }, { "id": "16802725", "text": "Best Kindle Book of 2014. It deals with East Tennessee and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, with an emphasis on the insular and quirky local culture. Jourdan is a former Counsel to the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works and the United States Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. She has degrees from the University of Tennessee in Biomedical Engineering and Law. BOOK LIST NONFICTION Medical Wildlife Writing FICTION Mystery ISBNs Carolyn Jourdan Carolyn Jourdan is an American author, USA Today and five-time Wall Street Journal top-ten bestselling memoirist, biographer, and mystery writer. Jourdan's first book, a", "title": "Carolyn Jourdan" }, { "id": "5884815", "text": "Lori Lansens Lori Lansens is a Canadian novelist and screenwriter. She was a successful screenwriter, whose credits included the films \"South of Wawa\", \"Wolf Girl\" and \"Marine Life\", before publishing her first novel \"Rush Home Road\" in 2002. Lansens' follow-up novel, \"The Girls\", was featured as a book-club pick by the Richard & Judy Show in the UK, selling over 400,000 copies. The book received recognition as a 2007 Best Book for Young Adults from the American Library Association. She followed up with \"The Wife's Tale\" in 2012, and \"The Mountain Story\" in 2015. Born and raised in Chatham, Ontario,", "title": "Lori Lansens" }, { "id": "5578544", "text": "Edward Humes Edward Humes is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and non-fiction writer. Humes was born in Philadelphia and attended Hampshire College. In 1989 he received the Pulitzer Prize for specialized reporting for investigative stories he wrote about the United States military for the \"Orange County Register\". Afterward, he began writing non-fiction books. Humes is the author of 13 nonfiction books, including the bestselling \"Mississippi Mud\"; \"No Matter How Loud I Shout\"; \"Baby E.R.\"; \"A Man and His Mountain\"; and \"Garbology,\" a popular selection for the First Year Experience program on college campuses. In 2001, Humes spent a year teaching a", "title": "Edward Humes" }, { "id": "7233093", "text": "Suzanne Collins Suzanne Collins (born August 10, 1962) is an American television writer and author, best known as the author of \"The New York Times\" best selling series \"The Underland Chronicles\" and \"The Hunger Games\" trilogy (which consists of \"The Hunger Games\", \"Catching Fire\", and \"Mockingjay\"). Suzanne Collins was born on August 10, 1962, in Hartford, Connecticut to Jane Brady Collins (born 1932) and Lt. Col. Michael John Collins (1931–2003), a U.S. Air Force officer who served in the Korean War and the Vietnam War, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Bronze Star. She is the youngest of", "title": "Suzanne Collins" }, { "id": "6291118", "text": "Mountaineering\" won the Kekoo Naoroji Prize for Himalayan Literature in 2014. He is a Fellow of the Welsh Academy, an Honorary Fellow of Bangor University, and now lives in Ariege, Midi-Pyrenees. Below is a partial list of books by Perrin listed by Amazon as in print (on 7 November 2016): The following are out of print: Jim Perrin Jim Perrin (born 30 March 1947) is an English rock climber and travel writer. Jim Perrin was born \"Ernest James Perrin \" in Manchester, England, to a family of Huguenot descent. His father played rugby league for Salford in the late 1930s.", "title": "Jim Perrin" }, { "id": "8363157", "text": "Justin Haythe Justin Haythe (born September 16, 1973) is an American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter. He worked on the 2013 action films \"Snitch\" and \"The Lone Ranger\", as well as the 2017 horror film \"A Cure for Wellness\". Haythe lives in New York City, United States. Born in London, Haythe is a graduate of The American School in London and Middlebury College. He earned his MFA from Sarah Lawrence College. His debut novel, \"The Honeymoon\", was longlisted for the 2004 Man Booker Prize. Haythe has plans to write another novel. Haythe wrote the screenplay of the 20th Century", "title": "Justin Haythe" }, { "id": "7312812", "text": "Between Heaven and Hell (novel) Between Heaven and Hell: A Dialog Somewhere Beyond Death with John F. Kennedy, C. S. Lewis, & Aldous Huxley is a novel by Peter Kreeft about U.S. President John F. Kennedy, and authors C. S. Lewis (\"The Chronicles of Narnia\") and Aldous Huxley (\"Brave New World\") meeting in Purgatory and engaging in a philosophical discussion on faith. It was inspired by the fact that all three men died on the same day: November 22, 1963. We see from the three points of view: Kennedy's \"modern Christian\" view, Lewis's \"conservative Christian\" or \"mere Christian\" view, and", "title": "Between Heaven and Hell (novel)" }, { "id": "2032273", "text": "Jon Krakauer Jon Krakauer (born April 12, 1954) is an American writer and mountaineer, primarily known for his writings about the outdoors, especially mountain climbing. He is the author of best-selling non-fiction books—\"Into the Wild\"; \"Into Thin Air\"; \"Under the Banner of Heaven\"; and \"\"—as well as numerous magazine articles. He was a member of an ill-fated expedition to summit Mount Everest in 1996, one of the deadliest disasters in the history of climbing Everest. Krakauer was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, as the third of five children of Carol Ann (née Jones) and Lewis Joseph Krakauer. His father was Jewish", "title": "Jon Krakauer" }, { "id": "16853473", "text": "Gaby Dunn Gabrielle \"Gaby\" Teresa Dunn (born June 1, 1988) is an American writer, actor, journalist, comedian, activist, and podcaster. She was a writer and director for BuzzFeed Video, but has since left to focus on her YouTube comedy show \"Just Between Us\" with her best friend and fellow former Buzzfeed writer Allison Raskin. As a journalist, Dunn's writing has appeared in \"The New York Times\", \"The Boston Globe\", \"Playboy\", \"Vice\", \"The Huffington Post\", \"Cosmopolitan\", \"Salon\", and \"Slate\". Her and Raskin's joint novel, \"I Hate Everyone but You\", was released on September 5, 2017 through Wednesday Books. It reached the", "title": "Gaby Dunn" }, { "id": "5692326", "text": "The Mount (novel) The Mount is a 2002 science fantasy novel by Carol Emshwiller. It won the Philip K. Dick Award in 2002, and was also nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 2003. The author was inspired to write \"The Mount\" after she took a class in the psychology of prey animals. After the class, Emshwiller wondered what it would be like if a smart prey animal rode a predator. The idea fascinated her enough to write a short story which became \" The Mount\". The first-person narrator, Charley, is a young man who, like all humans,", "title": "The Mount (novel)" }, { "id": "13130495", "text": "Dennis Covington Dennis Covington (born October 30, 1948) is an American author whose work includes two novels and three nonfiction books. His subject matter includes spirituality, the environment, and the South. Covington's book \"Salvation on Sand Mountain\" was a 1995 National Book Award finalist and his articles have been published in \"The New York Times\", \"Vogue\" and Redbook. Covington was born in Birmingham, Alabama, studied fiction writing and earned a BA degree from the University of Virginia, then served in the U.S. Army. He earned an MFA in the early 1970s from the Iowa Writers' Workshop, studying under Raymond Carver.", "title": "Dennis Covington" }, { "id": "2812603", "text": "James Jones (author) James Ramon Jones (November 6, 1921 – May 9, 1977) was an American novelist known for his explorations of World War II and its aftermath. He won the 1952 National Book Award for his first published novel, \"From Here to Eternity\", which was adapted for the big screen immediately and made into a television series a generation later. James Ramon Jones was born and raised in Robinson, Illinois, the son of Ramon and Ada M. (née Blessing) Jones. He enlisted in the United States Army in 1939 at the age of 17 and served in the 25th", "title": "James Jones (author)" }, { "id": "9720490", "text": "Kat Martin Kathleen Kelly Martin (born July 14, 1947) is an American writer of romance novels under the pen names of Kat Martin, Kathy Lawrence and Kasey Marx. She is married to writer and photographer Larry Jay Martin. Martin was born in the Central Valley of California. She obtained a degree in Anthropology and also studied History from the University of California in Santa Barbara. She lives with her husband, writer and photographer Larry Jay Martin in Missoula, Montana. They have collaborated on a book under the pseudonym of Kathy Lawrence. Martin is a member of the Romance Writers of", "title": "Kat Martin" }, { "id": "19871761", "text": "fiancé in early February 2017. Principal photography started on December 5, 2016, in Vancouver, and continued until February 24, 2017. Elba and Winslet filmed scenes at the Vancouver International Airport on December 6, 2016; Elba also filmed scenes at the Abbotsford International Airport on December 7, 2016. Filming stopped for Christmas holidays, from December 20, 2016 to January 3, 2017. Filming resumed around Invermere and Panorama Mountain Village on January 4, 2017. Winslet was spotted filming scenes at Eagle Ridge Hospital in Port Moody on February 8, 2017. Most of the filming took place in Canada, on the border of", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "18900371", "text": "disembody Black men and women. The work takes inspiration from James Baldwin's 1963 \"The Fire Next Time\". Unlike Baldwin, Coates sees white supremacy as an indestructible force, one that Black Americans will never evade or erase, but will always struggle against. Novelist Toni Morrison wrote that Coates filled an intellectual gap in succession to James Baldwin. Editors of \"The New York Times\" and \"The New Yorker\" described the book as exceptional. The book won the 2015 National Book Award for Nonfiction and was a finalist for the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction. Coates was inspired to write \"Between the", "title": "Between the World and Me" }, { "id": "20087741", "text": "a mobile phone. A review of \"Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time\" was written by the award winning writer Arnold Zable. In March 2017, Boochani's plight was raised in the Australian House of Representatives by Australian parliamentarian Adam Bandt. Boochani is on the shortlist for the Index on Censorship's Freedom of Expression Award in the category of Journalism. In July 2018, his memoir \"No Friend But the Mountains: Writing from Manus Prison\" was published by Pan Macmillan Australia. It chronicles his boat journey from Indonesia and his detainment on Manus Island. It interleaves his recollections with a great deal of", "title": "Behrouz Boochani" }, { "id": "11643053", "text": "Jill Briscoe Jill Briscoe (born 29 June 1935) is a British American author, editor, and speaker. She has written or co-written over 40 books and serves as the founder and Executive Editor of \"Just Between Us\" magazine. She is a former member of the boards of directors of World Relief and \"Christianity Today\". Jill Pauline (née Ryder) Briscoe was born on 29 June 1935 in Liverpool, Lancashire, England, the daughter of William \"Bill\" and Margaret \"Peggy\" Ryder. She attended Homerton College, Cambridge, graduating with a diploma to teach in the public school system. Ryder married her husband and future writing", "title": "Jill Briscoe" }, { "id": "3264526", "text": "Tor Books Tor Books is the primary imprint of Tom Doherty Associates, a publishing company based in New York City. It primarily publishes science fiction and fantasy titles, and publishes the online science fiction magazine \"Tor.com\". Tor was founded by Tom Doherty in 1980. \"Tor\" is a word from Old English meaning the peak of a rocky hill or mountain, as depicted in Tor's logo. Tor Books was sold to St. Martin's Press in 1987. Along with St. Martin's Press; Henry Holt; and Farrar, Straus and Giroux, it became part of the Holtzbrinck group, now part of Macmillan in the", "title": "Tor Books" }, { "id": "7167534", "text": "Mikio Naruse and starring Setsuko Hara, So Yamamura, Ken Uehara and Yatsuko Tanami. The book is included in the Bokklubben World Library's list of the 100 greatest works of world literature. For the first U.S. edition (1970), Seidensticker won the National Book Award in category Translation. The novel centers upon the Ogata family of Kamakura, and its events are witnessed from the perspective of its aging patriarch, Shingo, a businessman close to retirement who works in Tokyo. Shingo is experiencing temporary lapses of memory, recalling strange and disturbing dreams upon waking, and hearing sounds, including the titular noise which awakens", "title": "The Sound of the Mountain" }, { "id": "12554751", "text": "Megan Crane Megan Crane (born c. 1973) is an American novelist. She was born in Houston, Texas, and raised in Ridgewood, New Jersey. She is the granddaughter of the late Robert F. Goheen, the 16th president of Princeton University and former United States Ambassador to India and is also the great great granddaughter of Sir James Caruthers Rhea Ewing (1854-1925), distinguished Presbyterian missionary educator in what is now Pakistan. Crane graduated from Vassar College, and has an M.A. and Ph.D. in Literature from the University of York in York, England. She is married to Jeff Johnson, the American comic book", "title": "Megan Crane" }, { "id": "6927577", "text": "\"Morning Edition\", and has been interviewed on Air America Radio, NPR, Prime Time Radio and other broadcast media in the United States. He has also been an interviewer, most notably of author Tracy Kidder, who spoke with Klempner about his portrait of Dr. Paul Farmer found in the book Mountains Beyond Mountains. Klempner's articles have appeared on the internet at such sites as Common Dreams, Alternet, The Huffington Post, The Social Edge and Sojo Mail, the weekly newsletter of Jim Wallis' Sojourners community. Mark Klempner Mark Klempner is a folklorist, oral historian and social commentator. Klempner grew up in New", "title": "Mark Klempner" }, { "id": "14011102", "text": "Kevin Sampsell Kevin Sampsell (born March 17, 1967) is an American writer living in Portland, Oregon. He has worked at Powell's Book Store since 1998 as an events coordinator and the head of the small press section. His memoir, \"A Common Pornography\", was published by Harper Perennial in January 2010. Tin House published his novel, \"This Is Between Us\" (2013), about a man and woman, both divorced, trying to start a life together. His short fiction has been published in literary journals such as \"Quick Fiction\", \"LIT\", \"Hobart\", and \"Opium Magazine\" and on the websites McSweeney's, Nerve, The Elephants, Wigleaf,", "title": "Kevin Sampsell" }, { "id": "8215581", "text": "San Francisco. Her photos of the American Southwest are in the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley, and the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Laura Adams Armer Laura Adams Armer (January 12, 1874 – March 16, 1963) was an American artist and writer. In 1932, her novel \"Waterless Mountain\" won the Newbery Medal. She was also an early photographer in the San Francisco Bay Area. Laura May Adams was born in Sacramento, California, and relocated with her family to San Francisco before 1880. Her father was a carpenter and her mother a dressmaker. In", "title": "Laura Adams Armer" }, { "id": "10615688", "text": "plastics, and Mount Rushmore would be among the longest-lasting evidence of human presence on Earth. The author of four previous books and numerous articles for magazines, Weisman traveled to interview academics, scientists and other authorities. He used quotations from these interviews to explain the effects of the natural environment and to substantiate predictions. The book has been translated and published in many countries. It was successful in the U.S., reaching #6 on the \"New York Times\" Best Seller list and #1 on the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" Best-Sellers list in September 2007. It ranked #1 on \"Time\" and \"Entertainment Weekly's\" of", "title": "The World Without Us" }, { "id": "20168869", "text": "for a BAFTA in 2004. He also wrote episodes of \"Doctors\" and \"The Bill\" and over a dozen radio dramas, for which he received the Richard Imison Award (for \"A Matter of Interpretation\") and a Sony Radio Academy Award nomination (for \"Milosevic in Black and White\"). In 2002, Morgan published \"Fire Mountain\": a non-fiction account of the 1902 volcanic eruption of Mont Pelée in Martinique. The book was published by Bloomsbury in the UK and the US and was subsequently adapted for \"Secrets of the Dead\"; a drama documentary series produced by \"National Geographic.\" In 2005, Morgan moved to Los", "title": "P. G. Morgan" }, { "id": "18935502", "text": "The Mountain (novel) The Mountain (2012) is a novel by Australian author Drusilla Modjeska. It was shortlisted for the 2013 Miles Franklin Award. The novel consists of two parts: \"Book One\" which features a group of ex-pat Australians and Papuans on a PNG university campus in the period shortly before independence; and \"Book Two\", set after PNG independence and follows one character's journey back to Australia. Lloyd Jones in \"The Guardian\" noted that the novel is \"a big and ambitious novel charting new territory in Australian contemporary fiction. There is much to admire.\" Eleanor Limprecht in the \"Sydney Morning Herald\"", "title": "The Mountain (novel)" }, { "id": "19847178", "text": "film is being directed by Dome Karukoski and will star Nicholas Hoult. David Ready David Ready is an American film producer and production executive, and the current EVP at Chernin Entertainment. A native of Boston and graduate of Washington University in St. Louis, Ready previously served as a production executive for Jerry Weintraub and subsequently at Di Bonaventura Pictures. He joined Chernin Entertainment in 2013. His credits include \"\", \"Salt\", \"Red\" and \"Red 2\", \"\", \"Man on a Ledge\", and \"Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates\". He also produced \"The Mountain Between Us\" (2017) and \"Red Sparrow\" (2018) for Chernin.", "title": "David Ready" }, { "id": "19871755", "text": "he leaves her behind, but Ben refuses. Stranded for days with dwindling supplies, Alex grows skeptical that they will be rescued, although Ben wants to wait for help by the plane's wreckage. After arguing, Alex starts a lone descent down the mountain. Ben catches up and they make-up over past grievances. Alex falls into freezing water near an abandoned cabin. They stay there for several days while Alex recuperates, and they have sex. Ben reveals that his wife died two years prior from a brain tumor. As Ben sleeps, Alex takes his picture. Later, she again asks Ben to leave", "title": "The Mountain Between Us (film)" }, { "id": "5460489", "text": "Smokejumpers, Roger Roth and James Thrash, and two members of a Helitack crew, Richard Tyler and Rob Browning. \"Fire on the Mountain,\" won the Mountain and Plains Booksellers award as the best non-fiction book of 1999. It was made into an eponymous two-hour documentary by the History Channel that was a finalist for an Emmy award and won the Cine Master's Award as the best documentary of 1999. John N. Maclean's father Norman Maclean wrote \"Young Men and Fire\" that told a very similar story about the Mann Gulch Fire of August 1949 and the 13 men who died there.", "title": "Fire on the Mountain (book)" }, { "id": "8955434", "text": "has taught with the Graduate Writing Program at New York University, at Columbia University, at the 92nd Street Y in Manhattan, and at Sarah Lawrence College. She is a faculty member at the Vermont College of Fine Arts. She was married to the late American historian James Chace from 1957–1968, and they have two daughters, Sarah and Rebecca. Jean Valentine Jean Valentine (born April 27, 1934) is an American poet and was the New York State Poet Laureate from 2008–2010. Her poetry collection, \"Door in the Mountain: New and Collected Poems, 1965–2003\", was awarded the 2004 National Book Award for", "title": "Jean Valentine" }, { "id": "7233100", "text": "Isabel. Suzanne Collins Suzanne Collins (born August 10, 1962) is an American television writer and author, best known as the author of \"The New York Times\" best selling series \"The Underland Chronicles\" and \"The Hunger Games\" trilogy (which consists of \"The Hunger Games\", \"Catching Fire\", and \"Mockingjay\"). Suzanne Collins was born on August 10, 1962, in Hartford, Connecticut to Jane Brady Collins (born 1932) and Lt. Col. Michael John Collins (1931–2003), a U.S. Air Force officer who served in the Korean War and the Vietnam War, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Bronze Star. She is the youngest", "title": "Suzanne Collins" }, { "id": "7342198", "text": "Dutton on August 8, 2017, and named by the New York Times as one of the best crime novels of 2017. Hanson has won 4 Gemini Awards. He was awarded Austin Film Festival's Outstanding Television Award in 2011. Hart Hanson Hart Hanson (born July 26, 1957) is an American-born television writer and producer, as well as an author. His family moved to Canada when he was a child. He received a B.A. from the University of Toronto and a MFA from the University of British Columbia, where he taught briefly. He is the creator, executive producer, and writer of the", "title": "Hart Hanson" }, { "id": "9129526", "text": "My Side of the Mountain My Side of the Mountain is a children or young adult adventure novel written and illustrated by American writer Jean Craighead George published by E. P. Dutton in 1959. It features a boy who learns about courage, independence, and the need for companionship while attempting to live in a forested area of New York state. In 1960, it was one of three Newbery Medal Honor Books (runners-up) and in 1969 it was loosely adapted as a film of the same name. George continued the story in print, decades later. The place is New York City.", "title": "My Side of the Mountain" }, { "id": "17352525", "text": "Jon Cohen (writer) Jon Cohen is an American novelist and screenwriter. As a screenwriter he is best known for his co-writing contribution to the Steven Spielberg-directed film \"Minority Report\" (2002). A native of Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, Cohen worked as a critical care nurse in Philadelphia before becoming a writer. He published four books: \"Max Lakeman and the Beautiful Stranger\" (1991), \"The Man in the Window\" (first published in 1992 and then reissued 2013 by Nancy Pearl's Book Lust Rediscoveries), \"Dentist Man\" (1993), and \"Harry's Trees (2018)\". He received a creative writing grant from the National Endowment for the Arts in 1991.", "title": "Jon Cohen (writer)" }, { "id": "13256152", "text": "to be broadcast every weeknight. Nancy took over the company after the death of her husband Don Cash. Having lived in Sydney, Australia for over twenty years, she has returned to her native western North Carolina to write novels about the magnificent Great Smoky Mountains and their history, culture and people. Her first novel was published by Pan Macmillan and optioned by an international film company. A graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with a B.A. in English Literature, she lives in Asheville, NC and Juno Beach, FL with her husband Charles L. Reid and their", "title": "Nancy Sales Cash" }, { "id": "19625753", "text": "1979 \"Captain America\" film. He has a single theatrical film credit, \"Airport 1975\" (1974). His final work was the 2005 novel, \"Watchers on the Mountain\", a fictional work about the Navajo Nation. He died in 2014 after a long illness at his home in Olympia, Washington. Don Ingalls Donald G. Ingalls (July 29, 1918 – March 10, 2014) was an American screenwriter and television producer. He was a lifelong friend of Gene Roddenberry, having served in the Los Angeles Police Department with him. Don Ingalls was born in Humboldt, Nebraska on July 29, 1918. During the Second World War, Ingalls", "title": "Don Ingalls" }, { "id": "7387074", "text": "Martin Short and Wilfrid Hyde-White. He is one of the writers (along with Thomas A. Cohen) of the screenplay for the film version of the 1983 novel \"The River Why\" by David James Duncan. The movie, starring William Hurt and Kathleen Quinlan, was screened in 2010 at various film festivals. His parents were Anne (née Kidder) and John Jay Osborn Sr.; he is a descendant of both John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States, and of railroad baron Cornelius Vanderbilt. He received a Bachelor of Arts in American History from Harvard University in 1967 and graduated with", "title": "John Jay Osborn Jr." }, { "id": "8341195", "text": "Leonard C. Lewin Leonard C. Lewin (2 October 1916 – 28 January 1999) was an American writer, best known as the author of the bestseller \"The Report from Iron Mountain\" (1967). He also wrote \"Triage\" (1972), a novel about a covert group dedicated to killing people it considers to be not worth having around. Lewin graduated from Harvard University. Before becoming a writer, he worked as a labor organizer in New England and in his father's sugar refinery in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was twice married: first to Iris Zinn Lewin and later to poet, playwright and children's book author Eve", "title": "Leonard C. Lewin" }, { "id": "11643056", "text": "She is a former member of the boards of directors of World Relief and \"Christianity Today\", having served in that capacity for over 20 years. Jill Ryder married Stuart in 1958 in Liverpool. They have three adult children, and as of 2008, 13 grandchildren. As of 2008, the couple resides in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. Jill Briscoe Jill Briscoe (born 29 June 1935) is a British American author, editor, and speaker. She has written or co-written over 40 books and serves as the founder and Executive Editor of \"Just Between Us\" magazine. She is a former member of the boards of directors", "title": "Jill Briscoe" }, { "id": "8215579", "text": "Laura Adams Armer Laura Adams Armer (January 12, 1874 – March 16, 1963) was an American artist and writer. In 1932, her novel \"Waterless Mountain\" won the Newbery Medal. She was also an early photographer in the San Francisco Bay Area. Laura May Adams was born in Sacramento, California, and relocated with her family to San Francisco before 1880. Her father was a carpenter and her mother a dressmaker. In 1893 Miss Adams began her art studies at the California School of Design in the Mark Hopkins Institute and left in 1899 to open her own photographic studio in the", "title": "Laura Adams Armer" }, { "id": "12396294", "text": "Dee Molenaar Dee Molenaar (born June 21, 1918) is an American mountaineer, author and artist from Tacoma, Washington. He is best known as the author of \"The Challenge of Rainier\", first published in 1971 and considered the definitive work on the climbing history of Mount Rainier. Molenaar was born in Los Angeles, California to Dutch immigrant parents. During World War II, he served as a photographer in the U.S. Coast Guard in the Aleutians and western Pacific. In 1950, he earned a B.Sc. degree in geology at the University of Washington, and then served as civilian advisor in the Army's", "title": "Dee Molenaar" }, { "id": "5837386", "text": "publish his tenth book, \"Up\", in October 2018. Co-written with his wife, Marina, \"Up\" will document his planning, training and eventual summit of Mount Everest. Fogle writes a weekly Country Diary for the \"Sunday Telegraph\" and is a regular columnist for \"The Daily Telegraph\" and travel writer for \"The Independent\" and has contributed to the \"Evening Standard\", \"The New York Times\", the \"Sunday Times\" and \"Glamour\" magazine. He has interviewed Gordon Brown and Prince William for the \"Mail on Sunday\"s \"LIVE\" magazine. He is guest director of Cheltenham Literary Festival and a regular at the Hay-on-Wye festival. Transworld published his", "title": "Ben Fogle" }, { "id": "14672158", "text": "Elinor Lander Horwitz Elinor Lander Horwitz (born March 1929) is an American author of young adult and adult books. She lives in Chevy Chase, Maryland. \"Mountain People, Mountain Crafts\" was on The New York Times' list of \"Outstanding Books.\" \"When the Sky is Like Lace\" was on the New York Times' list of \"Outstanding Books\" of the year. After graduating from Smith College, Horwitz wrote book reviews and features for the Washington Star News and for many national magazines. She married neurosurgeon Norman Horwitz. Horwitz is the mother of Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and author Tony Horwitz and the mother-in-law of", "title": "Elinor Lander Horwitz" }, { "id": "4118640", "text": "Gary Paulsen Gary James Paulsen (born May 17, 1939) is an American writer of young adult literature, best known for coming of age stories about the wilderness. He is the author of more than 200 books and has written more than 200 magazine articles and short stories, and several plays, all primarily for teenagers. He won the Margaret Edwards Award from the American Library Association in 1997 for his lifetime contribution in writing for teens. Gary Paulsen was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, where his extended family resided, to Oscar and Eunice H. (née Moen), Paulsen has two siblings: a", "title": "Gary Paulsen" }, { "id": "8643426", "text": "Elizabeth Gilbert Elizabeth M. Gilbert (born July 18, 1969) is an American author, essayist, short story writer, biographer, novelist, and memoirist. She is best known for her 2006 memoir, \"Eat, Pray, Love\", which as of December 2010 had spent 199 weeks on the \"New York Times Best Seller list\", and which was also made into a film by the same name in 2010. Gilbert was born in Waterbury, Connecticut. Her father, John Gilbert, was a chemical engineer; her mother, Carole, was a housewife. She is of Swedish descent. Along with her only sister, novelist Catherine Gilbert Murdock, Gilbert grew up", "title": "Elizabeth Gilbert" }, { "id": "15406934", "text": "Leslie Jamison Leslie Jamison (born 1983) is an American novelist and essayist. She is the author of the 2010 novel \"The Gin Closet\" and the 2014 essay collection \"The Empathy Exams.\" Jamison also directs the non-fiction concentration in writing at Columbia University's School of the Arts. Jamison was born in Washington, D.C. and raised in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles. Her parents are Joanne Leslie, a nutritionist and former professor of public health, and economist and global health researcher Dean Jamison; Leslie Jamison is the niece of clinical psychologist and writer Kay Redfield Jamison. Jamison grew up with", "title": "Leslie Jamison" }, { "id": "15491540", "text": "designed four sheets of commemorative Cinderella stamps: Hill's stamps are a part of the collections of The Allied Museum in Berlin, The Wende Museum in California, and the Artistamp Museum in Florida. Hill is also the creator of \"The Great Army SIGINT Seal\". T. H. E. Hill Thomas Heinrich Edward Hill, or T. H. E. Hill (born 1948), is a pseudonymous American novelist who writes mostly in the genre of spy fiction. His first novel was published when he was 60 years old, after a career that was spent in military intelligence. Hill has three degrees from the West Coast", "title": "T. H. E. Hill" }, { "id": "11623813", "text": "Robert J. Avrech Robert J. Avrech is an American screenwriter whose works include the 1984 film \"Body Double\" (with Brian De Palma) and \"A Stranger Among Us\" (1992). He won an Emmy Award for his screenplay \"The Devil's Arithmetic\", based on the young adult novel by Jane Yolen. He is also the author of the children's novel \"The Hebrew Kid and the Apache Maiden\", and the memoir \"How I Married Karen\", and publishes personal and political writings on his blog, Seraphic Press. Avrech is an Orthodox Jew and a graduate of the Yeshiva of Flatbush in Brooklyn, New York, and", "title": "Robert J. Avrech" }, { "id": "12376597", "text": "mountaineering in the Himalayas and the United States. He has contributed editorials and book reviews to \"The New York Times\", \"The Boston Globe\", \"Newsday\", the \"Los Angeles Times\", \"The Nation\", and \"The American Alpine Review\". Isserman was born in Hartford, Connecticut, on March 12, 1951, into a family that would have significant influence on his political and intellectual future. His mother, born Flora Huffman, was the daughter and sister of Quaker ministers and graduated from a Quaker college. She was a social worker for Connecticut. His father, Jacob (Jack) Isserman, was born in Antwerp and came with his family to", "title": "Maurice Isserman" }, { "id": "12709577", "text": "Andrew Ross Sorkin Andrew Ross Sorkin (born February 19, 1977) is an American journalist and author. He is a financial columnist for \"The New York Times\" and a co-anchor of CNBC's \"Squawk Box.\" He is also the founder and editor of DealBook, a financial news service published by \"The New York Times\". He wrote the bestselling book \"Too Big to Fail\" and co-produced a movie adaptation of the book for HBO Films. He is also the co-creator for the Showtime series \"Billions\". Sorkin was born in New York, the son of Joan Ross Sorkin, a playwright, and Laurence T. Sorkin,", "title": "Andrew Ross Sorkin" }, { "id": "9474075", "text": "Nigel Farndale Nigel Farndale (born 30 September 1964) is a British author and journalist, known for his broadsheet interviews and his novel \"The Blasphemer\". He has written six books: three novels, two biographies and a collection of interviews. His latest novel is \"The Road Between Us\". \"The Blasphemer\" was shortlisted for the 2010 Costa Book Awards and selected for the WH Smith Richard and Judy Bookclub. His biography \"Haw-Haw: The Tragedy of William and Margaret Joyce\" was published in 2005 and shortlisted for that year’s Whitbread Prize and James Tait Black Memorial Prize. As a journalist he has written for", "title": "Nigel Farndale" }, { "id": "11876806", "text": "Eugene George Key Eugene Key (1907–1968) was an American short story writer. His collection, \"Mars Mountain\" (1935) was the first full-length book to be issued by a publisher that specialized in science fiction. Key enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps and was later transferred into the United States Air Force. During World War II, Key served in England where he met, and married, his second wife, Winifred Rachel Key (Sept 12, 1924-Aug 24, 2010). She was in the Women's Royal Air Force. Key was an Associate Professor of Engineering at East Los Angeles College. He received the degrees", "title": "Eugene George Key" }, { "id": "7706976", "text": "and New York University. He was one of the first people interviewed on the NPR show \"Fresh Air\" when it began airing nationally in 1987. In 1999, he received the American Academy of Arts and Letters Award in Literature. He was inducted into the Academy in 2009. Price lives in Harlem in New York City, and is married to the journalist and author Lorraine Adams. Richard Price (writer) Richard Price (born October 12, 1949) is an American novelist and screenwriter, known for the books \"The Wanderers\" (1974), \"Clockers\" (1992) and \"Lush Life\" (2008). Price's novels explore late-20th century urban America", "title": "Richard Price (writer)" }, { "id": "20506650", "text": "College, where she was a student of Louise DeSalvo. Ragusa directed two award-winning short documentary films, \"Passing\" (1995) and \"Fuori/Outside\" (1997). Her other films include \"Demarcations\", \"Threads of Memory\", and \"Remembering the Triangle Fire\". Her memoir, \"The Skin Between Us: A Memoir of Race, Beauty, and Belonging\" (W. W. Norton & Co., 2006), was a finalist for the 2007 Hurston-Wright Legacy Award for nonfiction, and has been well received by critics. An Italian-language edition, \"La pelle che ci separa\", was published in 2008. Her writing has also appeared in anthologies, such as \"The Milk of Almonds: Italian American Women Writers", "title": "Kym Ragusa" }, { "id": "5460219", "text": "Fire on the Mountain (Abbey novel) Fire on the Mountain is a 1962 novel by Edward Abbey. It was Abbey's third published novel and followed \"Jonathan Troy\" and \"The Brave Cowboy\". Abbey includes the following paragraph to introduce this book: The hero of the story is John Vogelin, a New Mexico rancher whose land is about to be condemned by the United States Air Force, who want to use his land to expand a bombing range. He is the last holdout among the several people whose land the Air Force wants, and he refuses to move. The story of his", "title": "Fire on the Mountain (Abbey novel)" }, { "id": "16888719", "text": "Mountain Victory \"Mountain Victory\" is a short story by American author William Faulkner first published in the October 12, 1932 issue of \"The Saturday Evening Post\". The story is unusual in that it takes place outside of Faulkner's fictional city, Jefferson, Mississippi, in the fictional county of Yoknapatawpha County. However, it deals with historical themes common to much of Faulkner's later work, i.e. social and racial divisions in the defeated South in the aftermath of the Civil War. The story opens with the arrival of a wounded Confederate officer and his black servant at a small, hillbilly cabin high in", "title": "Mountain Victory" }, { "id": "15575572", "text": "Adams studied with visiting Writer-in-Residence Philip Levine, who is now the United States Poet Laureate. Adams' poems have been published in over fifty venues, including \"The Southern Poetry Review\", \"Missouri Review\", and \"Poet Lore\". Her first published collection, a 36-page chapbook entitled \"Everyday Still Life\", consists mostly of poems written during her time in graduate school. Her next chapbook, \"In the Shadow of the Mountain\", was published five years later. centering on the deadly 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée, it contains many historically-based poems written from the point of view of locals before, during, and after the eruption. Adams' most", "title": "Lavonne J. Adams" }, { "id": "9323841", "text": "latest book is \"Peaks And Valleys\". Johnson's books have been translated into twenty-six languages. Spencer Johnson was born in Watertown, South Dakota, graduated from Notre Dame High School of Sherman Oaks, California, in 1957, received a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from the University of Southern California in 1963, and his medical degree from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Johnson lived in Hawaii and New Hampshire. He died in San Diego on July 3, 2017 at the age of 78. Spencer Johnson (writer) Patrick Spencer Johnson (November 24, 1938 – July 3, 2017) was an American physician", "title": "Spencer Johnson (writer)" }, { "id": "9013724", "text": "Writers of America Honor Roll for having appeared on both the \"USA Today\" and the \"New York Times\" Best Sellers list. She has been the recipient of the \"Romantic Times\" Reviewers' Choice Awards in 1996, 1998, and 1999, as well as the \"Romantic Times\" Career Achievement Award for Series Romance in 1997, 2000, and 2002. Tall, Dark and Dangerous Troubleshooters Stand alone novels Suzanne Brockmann Suzanne Brockmann (born 1960) is an American romantic fiction writer. She lives outside of Boston, Massachusetts with her husband, Ed Gaffney, and their two children, Melanie and Jason T. Gaffney. She has also penned works", "title": "Suzanne Brockmann" } ]

[ "Mariska Hargitay" ]

[ { "id": "1614691", "text": "The show starred Christopher Meloni as Detective Elliot Stabler and Mariska Hargitay as Detective Olivia Benson for its first twelve seasons until the former left the cast, unable to come to an agreement on his contract. As of November 29, 2018, \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" has aired 444 original episodes. On May 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a twentieth season, which allowed it to tie the flagship \"Law & Order\" and \"Gunsmoke\" for the longest-running scripted drama in U.S. television history. The season premiered on September 27, 2018. The idea for \"Law & Order: Special Victims", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614734", "text": "in 2005, Marcia Gay Harden and Leslie Caron in 2007, Cynthia Nixon in 2008, Ellen Burstyn, Brenda Blethyn, and Carol Burnett in 2009, and Ann-Margret in 2010. The series won the award for Plummer in 2005, Caron in 2007, Nixon in 2008, Burstyn in 2009, and Margret in 2010. \"Law and Order SVU\" airs on NBC in the United States. All seasons, including the season that is currently on the air, are available to stream on Hulu (with a subscription). The latest 5 episodes can be watched for free on NBC.com and the NBC app. Outside of SVOD and NBC", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "5516132", "text": "Benson is promoted to Sergeant and appointed as acting commanding officer, in the wake of the retirement of both Sergeant John Munch (Richard Belzer) and Captain Donald Cragen (Dann Florek). During the 17th season, she is promoted to Lieutenant and becomes the squad's official commanding officer. The character first appeared in the \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" pilot episode, \"\", which aired September 20, 1999. Hargitay remains the only original cast member still present on the series. Benson has been credited in 444 episodes of \"SVU\" (452 in the franchise/universe), and as of season 20, she is currently the", "title": "Olivia Benson" }, { "id": "10107397", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 5) The fifth season of the television series, \"\" premiered September 23, 2003, and ended May 18, 2004, on NBC. \"Law & Order: SVU\" moved away from its Friday night slot to Tuesday nights at 10pm/9c. Casey Novak, the unit's longest-serving ADA, was introduced in the fifth episode when Diane Neal joined the cast to fill the absence left by Stephanie March. Early reports about Stephanie March leaving the cast at the end of indicate that the first Season 5 episodes were written if not filmed by May 2003. The sixth episode, \"Coerced\",", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 5)" }, { "id": "1614736", "text": "with the original Law & Order but stopped after the first episode. The first season later moved to Nine's sister channel Gem on Sunday nights as of February 25, 2018 at 9:10pm with double episodes before moving to single episodes, and later reairing them in the early hours of Monday morning. Gem is currently airing the second season. Season 19 premiered on Network Ten on October 5, 2017 at 9:40pm. As of September 2017, the show is rerun on fellow NBCUniversal network USA, as well as Ion Television, MyNetworkTV's Monday evening lineup, and local stations. The show also briefly ran", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614699", "text": "its cancellation in May 2010. The show originally aired on Monday nights at 9:00 p.m. ET for the first nine episodes, from September 20 through November 29, 1999. It was then shifted to Friday nights at 10 p.m. ET on January 7, 2000, and remained in that time slot through the end of season four on May 16, 2003. Beginning with the season five premiere on September 23, 2003, \"SVU\" moved to Tuesday nights at 10:00 p.m. ET. NBC airs repeats on Saturday nights at varying times and previous episodes are shown on the USA Network on varying days in", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "19306126", "text": "399th episode. The 400th episode that was aired was the eleventh episode of the season, \"Great Expectations,\" which aired on NBC on February 15, 2017, (after being moved from its initial air date of November 9, 2016, and a second air date of January 4, 2017). At the end of production of the season, during upfronts \"SVU\" was renewed for a nineteenth season. Following the renewal announcement, it was revealed that show runner/executive producer Rick Eid had departed the show. He took over \"Chicago P.D.\" as showrunner/EP starting with its fifth season, replacing \"C.P.D.\" co-creator/EP Matt Olmstead. Michael Chernuchin, former", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18)" }, { "id": "5444494", "text": "up against Defense Attorney Marvin Exley (Ron Rifkin), who is defending a woman who seems to have fabricated her own abduction. Neal has been credited in 112 episodes of \"SVU\" (appearing in 105) as Novak. Additionally, she appears in a 2005 episode of \"\", bringing her total episode count to 113. Casey Novak Casey Novak is a fictional character on \"\", portrayed by Diane Neal. She is the only female Assistant District Attorney (ADA) to have appeared in five complete seasons in any \"Law & Order\" series and the longest-running ADA in the entire franchise. Casey Novak is a young", "title": "Casey Novak" }, { "id": "1614700", "text": "marathon blocks. With the season eleven premiere on September 23, 2009, the series vacated its Tuesday 10 p.m. ET slot because NBC began a prime-time weeknight Jay Leno series. The new time slot became Wednesday nights at 9:00 p.m. ET on NBC, with CTV still airing \"SVU\" on Tuesdays at 10:00 in Canada. After the 2010 Winter Olympics on March 3, 2010, the time slot for \"SVU\" changed again to Wednesdays at 10 p.m. ET, where it stayed until the twelfth season. In the 12th season, \"SVU\" moved back to 9:00 p.m. to lead in the newest \"Law & Order\"", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614722", "text": "that Brooke Shields was enlisted to assume a major recurring role starting in Season 19 of the long-running dramatic series. On February 7, 2018, Raúl Esparza left the series after six seasons. His role was taken over by Winchester. By season twelve, both Mariska Hargitay and Christopher Meloni had become among the highest-paid lead actors on a drama, with each earning nearly $400,000 per episode, a salary that \"TV Guide\" said was exceeded only by \"House\"'s Hugh Laurie. During season sixteen, Hargitay was reported to be earning $450,000 per episode, or $10,350,000 per season, In season seventeen, her salary increased", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614688", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (often abbreviated to Law & Order: SVU or just SVU) is an American police procedural, legal, crime drama television series set in New York City, where it is also primarily produced. In the style of the original \"Law & Order\", episodes are often \"ripped from the headlines\" or loosely based on real crimes that have received media attention. Created by Dick Wolf, the series premiered on NBC on September 20, 1999, as the second series in Wolf's successful \"Law & Order\" franchise. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614718", "text": "in season 13's episode \"\". In response to these departures, two new main actors were hired, and several changes were made to the recurring cast. In June 2011, it was announced that Kelli Giddish and Danny Pino would join the cast as new series regulars. Weeks later, it was announced that Stephanie March and Diane Neal would be reprising their roles as ADA Alexandra Cabot and ADA Casey Novak, respectively. The launch of season 13 was marked with a retooling of the show that Warren Leight referred to as \"SVU 2.0\". Changes that accompanied this included Tamara Tunie's being bumped", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614695", "text": "three-year deal with Sony Pictures Television, that will allow him to work on \"SVU\" one more season, its seventeenth. Leight joined the show in . It was announced on March 10, 2016 that original \"Law & Order\" veteran producer Rick Eid would take Leight's place as showrunner starting in season 18. Creator Dick Wolf commented to \"The Hollywood Reporter\", \"I'm extremely pleased that Rick had decided to rejoin the family and hope that he will be here for years to come.\" During post-production of season 18, following the announcement that \"SVU\" was renewed for a nineteenth season, it was revealed", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614705", "text": "played the character for the first three seasons of the show until he was fired on the orders of network executives, who wanted to add female characters to the all-male primary cast. He maintained a friendly relationship with Wolf, however, and went on to direct three episodes of the original series as well as to occasionally guest star on the show. Shortly after Florek reprised his role for \"\", he received a call to be on \"Sex Crimes\". Initially reluctant, he eventually agreed to star on the show as Cragen on the assurance that he would not be asked to", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "5314479", "text": "York County District Attorney, at the Manhattan DA's office. The first thirty minutes of an episode typically features a lead detective trio (in the final season, Jeremy Sisto, Anthony Anderson, and S. Epatha Merkerson), while the second thirty minutes follows their legal counterparts (in the final season, Alana de la Garza, Linus Roache, and Sam Waterston). On May 14, 2010, NBC announced that it was canceling the original series, although various spin-offs will continue. The series finale aired on May 24, 2010. Wolf briefly attempted to continue the series on cable, but the series \"moved into the history books\". \"SVU\"", "title": "Law & Order (franchise)" }, { "id": "19306124", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18) The eighteenth season of \"\" debuted on Wednesday, September 21, 2016, on NBC and finished on Wednesday, May 24, 2017, with a two-hour season finale. Rick Eid, who previously worked on \"Law & Order\" and \"\", became the executive producer and showrunner, following Warren Leight's departure from the series at the conclusion of the seventeenth season. Eid himself departed the series at the end of the eighteenth season and was replaced by Michael S. Chernuchin. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" was renewed for an eighteenth season on February 1, 2016, by", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18)" }, { "id": "1614689", "text": "has been nominated for and won numerous awards, including the 2006 Emmy for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for Mariska Hargitay, the first, and to date only, Emmy to be received by a regular on any \"Law & Order\" series. It is the current longest running scripted non-animated U.S. primetime TV series since the cancellation of the original \"Law & Order\" on May 24, 2010 and is the fourth-longest running scripted U.S. primetime TV series on a major broadcast network. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" originally centered almost exclusively on the detectives of the Special Victims Unit", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614694", "text": "title, however, and it was changed to \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" to reflect the actual unit of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) that handles sexually based offenses that are especially heinous. The first episode, \"\", premiered on NBC on September 20, 1999. Executive producer Neal Baer left \"Law & Order: SVU\" as showrunner at the end of , after eleven years (seasons 2–12) on the show, in order to sign a three-year deal with CBS Studios. Baer was replaced by former \"\" showrunner Warren Leight. In March 2015, it was announced that Warren Leight signed a", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "9808294", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 7) The seventh season of the television series, \"\" premiered September 20, 2005 and ended May 16, 2006 on NBC. It aired on Tuesday nights at 10pm/9c. Critically the show's most successful season, both lead actors received nominations at the 2006 Emmy Awards with a win by Mariska Hargitay. Repeating a pattern established by other \"SVU\" seasons, the Season 7 premiere was filmed before the airing of the Season 6 finale. Long-time \"SVU\" co-executive producers, , , and departed the series at the end of Season 7. Additionally, long-time \"Law & Order\" franchise", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 7)" }, { "id": "10772249", "text": "Michael Cutter Michael \"Mike\" Cutter is a fictional character on the long-running NBC series \"Law & Order\" and its spinoff \"\" played by Linus Roache. The character debuted in the eighteenth season premiere of \"Law & Order\", broadcast on January 2, 2008, and remained until its series finale \"Rubber Room\" on May 24, 2010. The character returned to television in the thirteenth season premiere of \"Special Victims Unit\", broadcast on September 21, 2011. He has appeared in sixty-three episodes of \"L&O\" and four episodes of \"SVU\". Within the continuity of \"Law & Order\", Cutter is an Executive Assistant District Attorney,", "title": "Michael Cutter" }, { "id": "20817338", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 20) The twentieth season of \"\" premiered on Thursday, September 27, 2018, at 9PM ET with a two-part premiere episode. The following Thursday, the series started airing new episodes at 10PM ET. This landmark season of \"SVU\" tied it with both the original \"Law & Order\" series and \"Gunsmoke\" as longest-running scripted non-animated U.S. primetime TV series. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" was renewed for a twentieth season on May 9, 2018. Production started on July 16, 2018. On July 12, 2018, Executive Producer Julie Martin posted a photo of a script", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 20)" }, { "id": "17251552", "text": "in an episode airing in January 2014. The storyline was revealed in \"Internal Affairs\", in which he reveals to Benson (Hargitay) that like Munch, he too has his days left at SVU numbered, as he is approaching the mandatory retirement age limit. Like Belzer, Florek was one of the series' original cast members, portraying Cragen for fifteen consecutive seasons. Florek was the last link to the original franchise, portraying Captain Cragen in the first three seasons of \"Law & Order\" (1990–93), returning for guest appearances in later seasons, as well as appearing in \"\" (1998). After appearing in the ,", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 15)" }, { "id": "1483901", "text": "Attorney's Office. Plots are often based on real cases that recently made headlines, although the motivation for the crime and the perpetrator may be different. The show has been noted for its revolving cast over the years. Among the longest-running main cast members were Steven Hill as District Attorney Adam Schiff (seasons 1–10), Jerry Orbach as Detective Lennie Briscoe (seasons 3–14), S. Epatha Merkerson as Lieutenant Anita Van Buren (seasons 4–20), Sam Waterston as Executive Assistant District Attorney Jack McCoy (seasons 5–20; later District Attorney) and Jesse L. Martin as Detective Ed Green (seasons 10–18). \"Law & Order\"s twenty seasons", "title": "Law & Order" }, { "id": "19306125", "text": "NBC. It was announced in March 2015 that season seventeen would be show runner/executive producer Warren Leight's last season on the show; he signed a three-year deal with Sony Pictures Television, his contract allowing him to work on \"SVU\" for one final season. On March 10, 2016, it was announced that Rick Eid would replace Leight as showrunner on this season. The 400th episode of the series aired this season. \"Motherly Love,\" directed by Mariska Hargitay, was filmed and billed as the 400th show. However, due to the shuffling of episodes during the season, the episode actually aired as the", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18)" }, { "id": "4747244", "text": "be stated to rescue us from pandemonium. To me it lies in that principle: law and order.\" Hill earned another Emmy nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Dramatic Series in 1997. At the time of his departure from \"Law & Order\", Hill was the longest-serving member of the original cast (his tenure was twice that of runner up Chris Noth); by the time the series was cancelled in 2010, Hill was the fourth-longest serving cast member altogether (behind S. Epatha Merkerson at 17 seasons, Sam Waterston at 16, and Jerry Orbach at 11 and a half). Hill also appeared", "title": "Steven Hill" }, { "id": "15610183", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13) The thirteenth season of \"\" debuted on NBC on September 21, 2011, and concluded on May 23, 2012. With \"\" and \"\" having ended in July 2011 and June 2011 respectively, this season of \"Law & Order: SVU\" was the first to be broadcast without any other running U.S. \"Law & Order\" series, a position the series has held until the nineteenth season, when \"Law & Order True Crime\" premiered. Season 13 dealt with the departure of Detective Elliot Stabler (Christopher Meloni) from the Special Victims Unit after . Additionally, Warren Leight,", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13)" }, { "id": "20154806", "text": "felt it was time to move on.\" Philip Winchester took his place as the show's permanent A.D.A, guest starring in Esparza's final episode before joining the main cast in the fourteenth episode. On August 11, 2017, it was announced by \"The Hollywood Reporter\" that actress Brooke Shields would play a 'major' recurring role throughout the course of the season. \"I play a very different character from any I have ever played,\" Shields commented. \"I'm excited to stir the SVU pot a bit.\" \"THR\" noted that details of her role are being kept under wraps, although it's been teased that Shields'", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)" }, { "id": "20154813", "text": "Waterston's fourth guest appearance on \"SVU\". In the episode \"Pathological\", Tamara Tunie (M.E. Melinda Warner), Carolyn McCormick (Dr. Elizabeth Olivet), and Jenna Stern (Judge Elana Barth) returned as their respective characters. The episode aired on January 10, 2018. McCormick also guest starred in the season finale. On December 14, 2017, Martin Donovan and Yasmine Al Massri were confirmed to guest star in an episode titled \"Flight Risk\" based on the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations. The episode was about sexual assault in the airline industry and aired on January 17, 2018. On January 31, 2018, Rhea Seehorn guest starred in", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)" }, { "id": "15610189", "text": "Meloni. NBC and creator Dick Wolf aimed for a younger female and male actor as they try to extend the series' lifespan by several more years. On June 27, 2011, NBC announced that Kelli Giddish and Danny Pino would be brought on as the new series regulars. Stephanie March and Diane Neal returned to \"SVU\" in their roles as Assistant District Attorneys Alexandra Cabot and Casey Novak respectively for \"an undetermined number of episodes\". Neal told TV Guide, \"It's back on track to what the original \"SVU\" was intended to be, which is about sex crimes and crimes against children,", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13)" }, { "id": "20154797", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19) The nineteenth season of \"\" premiered on September 27, 2017 and finished on May 23, 2018 with a two-part season finale. Michael S. Chernuchin, who had previously worked on \"Law & Order\", \"\", and \"Chicago Justice\" took over from Rick Eid as showrunner. This is also the first season since in 2010–2011 where another \"Law & Order\" series—\"Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders\"—aired alongside \"SVU\" on NBC. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" was renewed for a 19th season on May 12, 2017. Chernuchin took over from Eid as showrunner", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)" }, { "id": "17251551", "text": "John Munch) would depart the main cast in the fifth episode, \"Wonderland Story.\" The storyline showed Munch retiring from the Special Victims Unit after 15 years in order to move onto becoming a Special District Attorney Investigator, which allowed the character to make future recurring appearances on the series. Belzer, one of the series' original cast members, collectively portrayed Munch for 20 years as a regular on \"\" (1993–99) and later \"SVU\", in conjunction with guest appearances in other \"Law & Order\" universe shows. On December 10, 2013, it was announced that Dann Florek (Captain Donald Cragen) would depart \"SVU\"", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 15)" }, { "id": "11344179", "text": "the deleted scenes for \"Taken\" are not canon. First season cast members Christopher Meloni (Detective Elliot Stabler), Mariska Hargitay (Detective Olivia Benson), Richard Belzer (Detective John Munch), and Dann Florek (Captain Don Cragen) returned to the show for the second season. Cast member Michelle Hurd (Detective Monique Jeffries) began to depart the cast over the first half of the season. Hurd ultimately departed from the series to join the Showtime drama \"Leap Years\". After her departure from the show, Hurd said, \"I think it's just sad they didn't have faith to stick around with me.\" However, she said she bore", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 2)" }, { "id": "16203072", "text": "came back in \"Rhodium Nights\" to portray , returned for the season premiere episodes, along with guest stars Peter Jacobson (Bart Ganzel), Pippa Black (Carrissa Gibson), Ron Rifkin (Defense Attorney Marvin Exley), Brooke Smith (Delia Wilson), and Laura Benanti as . On January 4, 2013, Warren Leight tweeted the Cassidy character (Dean Winters) may appear again in the spring. Paget Brewster guest starred as Paula Foster, the Bureau Chief ADA of the Public Integrity Unit in the District Attorney's office. Her character is assigned to the case against Captain Cragen (Dann Florek), who is suspected of murder after what occurred", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)" }, { "id": "1614738", "text": "simultaneously, two episodes after the original airing in the US. In Venezuela, the cable network \"Fox Life\" airs Law & Order: SVU starting from season 1 every Monday to Friday at 9:05pm. \"Law & Order: SVU\" is broadcast at 9.30 pm on Tuesdays on TV3 in New Zealand. Series 18 premiered on 11 April 2017. Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (often abbreviated to Law & Order: SVU or just SVU) is an American police procedural, legal, crime drama television series set in New York City, where it is also primarily produced. In the", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "14535248", "text": "the end of the season, Neal Baer resigned his position as showrunner. After the season finale, Christopher Meloni, BD Wong, and Tamara Tunie left the principal cast. For the first eleven years of \"Law & Order: SVU\", the set had been located in New Jersey, at NBC's Central Archives building in North Bergen. Faced with losing the state's 20 percent tax incentive, the show moved to New York City into the studio space at Chelsea Piers that was occupied by the original \"Law & Order\" series. After the fourth episode of the season, the original New Jersey set was no", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12)" }, { "id": "5516133", "text": "longest serving character in the \"Law & Order\" universe. She made her 400th credited appearance in the third episode of the eighteenth season of \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\", surpassing Donald Cragen as the character with the most credited appearances in the franchise. Hargitay's portrayal of Olivia Benson has received critical acclaim, and she has been the recipient of numerous awards and nominations, including an Emmy and a Golden Globe. Series creator Dick Wolf named his two lead detectives after his son, Elliot, and his daughter, Olivia. Wolf conceived Benson as a detective in the Manhattan Special Victims Unit,", "title": "Olivia Benson" }, { "id": "9824934", "text": "was partnered with Brian Cassidy, who was portrayed by Dean Winters. However, Winters' contractual obligation to the HBO series \"Oz\" forced him to leave halfway through the season. Michelle Hurd, who portrayed Detective Monique Jeffries, filled Winters' void for the remainder of the season, and was at that point added to the main credits. The first season featured the highest number of crossover appearances in \"SVU\". Angie Harmon portrayed her \"Law & Order\" character ADA Abbie Carmichael for six episodes. Jerry Orbach (Det. Lennie Briscoe) and his new partner Jesse L. Martin (Det. Ed Green) were shown working together in", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 1)" }, { "id": "1614713", "text": "part of the season, which would continue through season eleven. Tamara Tunie was cast as medical examiner Melinda Warner in season two after working with Wolf previously on \"New York Undercover\", \"Feds\", and \"Law & Order\". Warner was initially a recurring character but became a regular character in season seven, and Tunie was added to the opening credits at that time. When initially cast as Warner, Tunie was appearing as attorney Jessica Griffin on the CBS daytime soap opera \"As the World Turns\". From 2000 to 2007 (and again briefly in 2009), she appeared on both series simultaneously. In 2002,", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "17251550", "text": "recurring capacity during the series' . On the promotion, \"SVU\" executive producer and showrunner Warren Leight expressed, \"Making [Esparza] a series regular is a small way of acknowledging his enormous contribution to our show.\" Barba is the first regular ADA on the series since Alexandra Cabot (Stephanie March) in the . On October 2, 2013, it was announced that Broadway actress Jessica Phillips would return to the series for a recurring role as ADA Pippa Cox. Phillips previously guest starred as ADA Cox in the fourteenth season's \"Born Psychopath\". On September 27, 2013, it was announced that Richard Belzer (Sergeant", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 15)" }, { "id": "1614732", "text": "areas and the Black Belt, but largely restricted to the eastern half of the country. It's most popular in Albany, N.Y.; least in Colorado and Utah\". \"Note: Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May (with the exception of the second and tenth season), which coincides with the completion of May sweeps.\" \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" has received many awards and award nominations. Mariska Hargitay has twice been nominated for a Golden Globe Award and won once in 2005. The show has been nominated numerous times for the Emmy Award. Mariska Hargitay", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614701", "text": "spinoff, \"\", until it was pulled from the network in January 2011 to be retooled. \"SVU\" moved back to 10:00 p.m. on January 12, 2011, until the end of the 13th season. With season 14, \"SVU\" moved back to 9:00 p.m. after a two-hour season premiere event on September 26, 2012. Beginning with Season 20, SVU will air on Thursday nights at 10 PM, after NBC decided to devote their entire Wednesday primetime lineup to the Chicago Med, PD, and Fire trilogy. This will mark the first time ever that Law & Order SVU has held this timeslot on Thursday", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614721", "text": "recurring role for episodes 1–3 and then was promoted to the main cast in episode 5, with Kelli Giddish, Danny Pino, Ice-T and Raúl Esparza no longer appearing in every episode. On May 20, 2015, it was revealed that Danny Pino would be leaving the cast after the season 16 finale \"Surrendering Noah\". In August 2017, it was announced that Philip Winchester would recur in season 19 as ADA Peter Stone, his character from \"Chicago P.D.\" and \"Chicago Justice\", who is the son of Benjamin Stone, the ADA on the original \"Law & Order\" show. It was later also announced", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "5191047", "text": "March guest starred on \"30 Rock\", \"Grey's Anatomy\", \"Rescue Me\", and \"Happy Endings\". She was regular cast member on the short-lived CBS legal comedy-drama, \"Made in Jersey\" in 2012, but left the series after the pilot episode. March is best known for her role as Assistant District Attorney Alexandra Cabot on the NBC crime legal drama series, \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\", a role she played from 2000 to 2003. She departed in the season 5 episode \"Loss\", when Cabot is shot and placed in witness protection. She returned to the series for a six-episode arc in season 10", "title": "Stephanie March" }, { "id": "1614731", "text": "found its audience and following its first and second seasons became a Top 20-overall show, overcoming the \"Friday night death slot\" phenomenon. Beginning with the season five, the show aired on Tuesdays to compete with CBS' \"Judging Amy\" and ABC's \"NYPD Blue\". In its later years, \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" consistently outperformed \"Law & Order\" in the Nielsen ratings for first run episodes until the latter's cancellation in 2010. In 2016, a \"New York Times\" study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that \"SVU\"s popularity was \"atypical: generally slightly more popular in rural", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614720", "text": "in a recurring capacity as ADA Rafael Barba and prior to the season 15 premiere, Esparza was promoted to a series regular. Also in season 15, Belzer departed the cast in the fifth episode, \"Wonderland Story\", in which Sgt. Munch retired from the NYPD and took a job in the DA's office as an investigator. Later in the season, Captain Cragen announced his departure from the NYPD, which made newly promoted Sgt. Benson the temporary squad commander. In leaving the cast, Florek ended a 400-episode run as Captain Cragen. In season 16, Peter Scanavino joined the series, first in a", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "8721328", "text": "of the show's 14th season. On July 17, 2013, he was upgraded to series regular for the show's 15th season. His character became the first series regular ADA since Stephanie March in the 11th season and the first regular male ADA in series history. His role on \"SVU\" was not his first \"Law & Order\" role, however, as he had previously portrayed an ADA in a 2009 episode of \"\", and a suspect in a 2010 episode of the original \"Law & Order\". On February 7, 2018, Esparza left the series after six seasons in the episode \"\". Esparza married", "title": "Raúl Esparza" }, { "id": "19306127", "text": "showrunner and executive producer for Dick Wolf's \"Chicago Justice\" series, as well as a former executive producer and writer for many past incarnations of the \"Law & Order\" franchise, was selected as SVU's new showrunner. It was announced at the end of the seventeenth season that recurring star Andy Karl (who portrayed Sergeant Mike Dodds) would be departing the cast due to his Broadway work. He was killed off on the season finale by corrupt corrections officer Gary Munson. It was announced on July 22, 2016, that \"SVU\" would do a ripped from the headlines episode based on Netflix documentary", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 18)" }, { "id": "11169622", "text": "Jenna Stern Jenna Louise Stern (born September 23, 1967) is an American actress. Having played 11 characters across the \"Law & Order\" franchise, she currently recurs on \"Law & Order SVU\" as Judge Elana Barth, in addition to voicing commercials, books and documentaries. Stern was born in Los Angeles, California. Member of an artistic family, Stern is the daughter of actor and producer Tom Stern and Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe-winning actress Samantha Eggar. Her brother, Nicolas Stern, is a producer for film and television. She married actor Brennan Brown in 1998. Stern graduated from the U.C. Berkeley with a", "title": "Jenna Stern" }, { "id": "6037519", "text": "in his performance. In addition, Belzer has played Munch in episodes on seven other series and in a sketch on one talk show, making Munch the only fictional character to appear on eleven different television shows played by a single actor. These shows were on six different networks: In March 2016, executive producer Warren Leight announced Belzer would return to reprise the role in a May 2016 episode of \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\", titled \"Fashionable Crimes\". Belzer portrayed Det. Munch for 22 consecutive seasons on \"Homicide\" (7 seasons) and \"Law & Order: SVU\" (15 seasons), which exceeded the", "title": "Richard Belzer" }, { "id": "8275924", "text": "her the fifth-longest serving ADA in the \"Law & Order\" franchise history, surpassed by Rafael Barba (\"SVU\"), Alexandra Cabot (\"SVU\"), Ron Carver (\"CI\"), and Casey Novak (\"SVU\"). Connie Rubirosa Consuelo \"Connie\" Rubirosa is a fictional character, portrayed by Alana de la Garza, who joined the cast of long-running NBC drama series \"Law & Order\" during the 17th-season premiere episode \"Fame\". She is the only second-chair assistant district attorney of \"Law & Order\" to have appeared in four complete seasons. She later appeared on \"\" as a series regular until the show's cancellation in May 2011. In January 2014, she appeared", "title": "Connie Rubirosa" }, { "id": "1614737", "text": "on Syfy in 2006. In Australia, \"Law & Order: SVU\" airs on Network Ten and Australia's cable channel Universal Channel (formerly aired on TV1 which ceased to broadcast in December 2013). In the UK \"Law & Order: SVU\" originally aired on the Hallmark Channel (which in 2012 became the Universal Channel) with a terrestrial TV airing on Channel 5 in 2016 which then switched to Five USA. The UK is two and half weeks behind the US. In Brazil and rest of Latin America, \"Law & Order: SVU\" also airs on Universal Channel, with weekdays episodes from past seasons and", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "5955480", "text": "the fourth longest-character in the \"Law & Order\" universe, behind Benson (410 episodes in \"\"), Cragen (400 episodes in the franchise), and John Munch (Richard Belzer) (246 episodes in the franchise). Van Buren joins the cast in the 1993 episode \"Sweeps\", succeeding Capt. Don Cragen (Dann Florek) as commander of the 27th Precinct Detective Squad after Cragen transfers to the Anti-Corruption Task Force. Throughout her run on the show, she oversees the work of detectives such as Lennie Briscoe, Mike Logan, Rey Curtis, Ed Green, Joe Fontana, Nick Falco, Nina Cassady, Cyrus Lupo, and Kevin Bernard. When her detectives make", "title": "Anita Van Buren" }, { "id": "1614719", "text": "from the main cast to a guest starring role and recurring actor Joel de la Fuente's not appearing for the first time since 2002. Of the latter change, Warren Leight said, \"those scenes [which featured Fuente] can be dry\" and hired Gilbert Gottfried as a more comedic replacement. In addition to these changes, Linus Roache became a recurring cast member in his role of Michael Cutter, whom he played on \"Law & Order\"; on \"SVU\" former Executive ADA Cutter serves as the Bureau Chief for ADAs attached to the Special Victims Unit. In season 14, Raúl Esparza joined the cast", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "18573875", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 17) The seventeenth season of \"\" debuted on Wednesday, September 23, 2015 on NBC, and concluded on Wednesday, May 25, 2016. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" was renewed for a seventeenth season on February 5, 2015, by NBC. Mariska Hargitay (Olivia Benson) had her contract renewed for season 17, as well as Ice-T (Det. Fin Tutuola). It was announced in March 2015 that season seventeen would be show runner/executive producer Warren Leight's last season on the show; he signed a three-year deal with Sony Pictures Television, his contract allowing him to work", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 17)" }, { "id": "1483950", "text": "events could have had under other circumstances. Some real-life crime victims have felt used and exploited, with one lawyer, Ravi Batra, going so far as to sue the show in 2004 for libel. \"Law & Order\" premiered September 13, 1990, and aired on NBC, with 456 episodes having been produced. The show premiered September 13, 1990, and ended on May 24, 2010. 456 episodes were aired and produced. The show ran for twenty seasons on NBC. It was NBC's longest running crime drama, and tied for longest running primetime scripted drama with \"Gunsmoke\". The first two seasons were broadcast Tuesdays", "title": "Law & Order" }, { "id": "5092106", "text": "Jack McCoy John James McCoy is a fictional character in the television drama \"Law & Order\". He was created by Michael S. Chernuchin and portrayed by Sam Waterston from 1994 until the end of the series in 2010. He is the second-longest tenured character on the show (16 seasons), after Lt. Anita Van Buren (17 seasons; portrayed by S. Epatha Merkerson). He appeared in 368 episodes of \"Law & Order\", four episodes of \"\", two episodes of \"\", two episodes of \"\", and the made-for-TV movie \"\". Waterston's performance as McCoy on the New York-based series was so popular that", "title": "Jack McCoy" }, { "id": "1614710", "text": "and \"\". Ice-T originally agreed to do only four episodes of \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\", but he quickly gained affection for the ensemble nature of the cast. He relocated to New York City before his four-episode contract was up and remained with the show as Munch's permanent partner, Detective Odafin \"Fin\" Tutuola. Initially, the show focused exclusively on the policework of the detectives in the Special Victims Unit of the 16th precinct, with members of the District Attorney's office occasionally appearing as guest roles crossing over from the original \"Law & Order\". From season two onwards, the format", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "10139547", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 6) The sixth season of the television series, \"\" premiered September 21, 2004 and ended May 24, 2005 on NBC. It aired on Tuesday nights at 10pm/9c. In January 2005, when the season was halfway through airing, Mariska Hargitay won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama becoming the first regular cast member of any \"Law & Order\" series to win a Golden Globe. Emmy Ann Wooding, a long time assistant at Wolf Films, died in a car accident while the sixth season was being filmed. The seventh episode", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 6)" }, { "id": "10214179", "text": "last full season to star Stephanie March as ADA Alexandra Cabot. Previous seasons had shown Christopher Meloni and Mariska Hargitay in every episode. The first episode to break this trend was \"Rotten\" which showed Detective Benson working primarily with Detective Tutuola. Actor Chad Lowe who had previously guest starred in the returned to the set of \"SVU\". However, instead of reprising his character, he directed the season finale. The episode \"Dominance\" introduced the CSU Captain Judith Siper played by actress and life science executive Caren Browning. Browning continued to appear in this role for the eight seasons that followed. As", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 4)" }, { "id": "13476253", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 11) The eleventh season of \"\" premiered on September 23, 2009 and concluded on May 19, 2010. It was moved from Tuesdays to Wednesdays at 9 pm/8c ET for the NBC broadcast. On March 3, 2010, \"SVU\" returned to its previous time slot of 10pm/9c ET. On January 22, 2010, in the wake of the conflict between Jay Leno and Conan O'Brien, NBC announced that they would order two additional episodes to fill in the gaps of the departing \"The Jay Leno Show\". NBC ordered production on Season 11 in April 2009. Mick", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 11)" }, { "id": "1614735", "text": "platforms, most episodes (outside of seasons 2-4 in the United States for reasons unknown) can be found on electronic sell-through platforms such as iTunes and Amazon Video. The show airs every Thursday night, on Network Ten in Australia, with a new episode usually followed by a repeat and occasionally shows repeats on other nights. Ten's digital channel One sometimes shows Seasons One-Three on Friday or Saturday nights, but is not currently airing these seasons at the moment. From the 29th of August 2017, Channel Nine started airing the first season at a late night slot, which it has also done", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "5955479", "text": "Anita Van Buren Lieutenant Anita Van Buren is a fictional character on NBC's long-running police procedural and legal drama television series \"Law & Order\", portrayed by S. Epatha Merkerson. Van Buren appeared in 390 episodes of \"Law & Order\". By episode count, she is the longest-running character on the original show. Van Buren appeared in 392 episodes within the franchise (390 of \"Law & Order\", the \"\" episode \"Badge\" and the \"\" episode \"Skeleton\") and \"\", and is the third longest-running regular character in the \"Law & Order\" franchise, behind Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay) and Donald Cragen (Dann Florek), and", "title": "Anita Van Buren" }, { "id": "16911868", "text": "Esparza is \"most familiar to TV viewers as Manhattan Assistant District Attorney Rafael Barba on 'Law & Order: SVU.'\" According to Esparza, Barba's \"flashy, high-fashion suits ... and snappy suspenders\" are popular online, with Kate Stanhope of \"TV Guide\" adding that the character's \"designer duds have been a hit with fans\". Esparza has been credited in 115 episodes of \"SVU\" (appearing in 85) as Barba, making him the 2nd longest serving ADA in the \"Law & Order\" franchise history after Jack McCoy. Rafael Barba Rafael Barba is a fictional character portrayed by Raúl Esparza, who joined the cast of the", "title": "Rafael Barba" }, { "id": "4747228", "text": "Steven Hill Steven Hill (born Solomon Krakovsky; February 24, 1922 – August 23, 2016) was an American actor. His two better-known roles are district attorney Adam Schiff on the NBC television drama series \"Law & Order\", whom he portrayed for 10 seasons (1990–2000), and , the original team leader of the Impossible Missions Force on the CBS television series \"\", whom he portrayed in the initial season of the show (1966–1967). Hill was born Solomon Krakovsky or Solomon Berg in Seattle, Washington, to Russian Jewish immigrants. After graduating from West Seattle High School in 1940, Hill served four years in", "title": "Steven Hill" }, { "id": "14535249", "text": "longer used. Outdoor filming was halted on January 26, 2011, due to a blizzard. Production resumed in the Chelsea Piers studio. This season's focused on an investigation involving a rape kit, which took Detective Olivia Benson (Hargitay) from New York City to Los Angeles to meet Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Detective Rex Winters (Skeet Ulrich). The episode was shot while Hargitay was in Los Angeles for the Primetime Emmy Awards in August 2010, and aired September 29, before the \"\" premiere on NBC. Neal Baer left \"Law & Order: SVU\" at the end of the season, after serving eleven", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12)" }, { "id": "2950916", "text": "his similar role from \"Prince of the City\" years before, which \"Law & Order\" creator Dick Wolf had personally suggested to him at the time of his casting. Orbach starred on \"Law & Order\" for 12 years, ultimately becoming the third longest-serving main cast member (behind S. Epatha Merkerson and Sam Waterston) in the show's 20-year-run history, as well as one of its most popular. During Orbach's tenure on \"Law & Order\", the series won the 1997 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series among other accolades, made multiple crossover episodes with fellow NBC series \"\", and spawned a franchise", "title": "Jerry Orbach" }, { "id": "1614711", "text": "was changed to be more faithful to the original \"Law & Order\" concept by including court cases. Stephanie March had little television experience before being cast on \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\", nor did she watch much TV. Nevertheless, March was cast as Assistant District Attorney Alexandra Cabot at the beginning of season two but still believed that, due to the grim nature of the series, it would be short-lived. She stayed with the series for three seasons, however, and left when she believed she had reached the natural conclusion of the character's development. She would later reprise the", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614712", "text": "character as a guest appearance in season six and as a regular character on the short-lived Wolf series, \"Conviction\", where she was promised more to do. Diane Neal had previously guest starred on \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" in season three before being cast as Cabot's replacement, Casey Novak, in season five. Neal remained with the show through the end of season nine, after which she was replaced by Michaela McManus. March returned to the show in the tenth season (after McManus' departure from the cast) when Neal Baer proposed Cabot receive a character arc to revitalize the second", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "14535251", "text": "When asked in an interview if Mariska Hargitay could envision doing the show without him, she said, \"Oh man, it breaks my heart to even think about it. I just love that man and I love acting with him, and I think it's our chemistry that makes the show what it is. So I don't even want to think about it\". On April 12, 2010, NBC officially picked up \"SVU\" for a twelfth season with Meloni and Hargitay returning as part of the one-year deal they struck with NBC before production began on , which included an option for a", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12)" }, { "id": "12628973", "text": "Law & Order (season 19) The 19th season of \"Law & Order\" premiered on NBC on November 5, 2008, and concluded on June 3, 2009. This was the third time in the series where there were no changes in the cast from the previous season and the last season to air on Wednesday nights at 10PM/9c, \"\" has claimed the slot off-and-on (\"SVU\" often placed at 9PM/8c to lead other programming that later gets moved or taken off schedule) from Fall 2009 to present. The series had a decline in the ratings from being in competition with CBS's \"\". Certain", "title": "Law & Order (season 19)" }, { "id": "4613486", "text": "Lennie Briscoe Leonard W. Briscoe is a fictional character on NBC's long-running police procedural and legal drama television series \"Law & Order\". He was created by Walon Green and René Balcer, and was portrayed by Jerry Orbach. He was featured on the show for 12 seasons, from 1992 to 2004, making him one of the longest-serving main characters in the series' 20-year-run history, as well as the longest-serving police detective on the show. He also appeared in three \"Law & Order\" spin-offs, and was part of the original cast of \"\", appearing in only the first two episodes due to", "title": "Lennie Briscoe" }, { "id": "5135572", "text": "the \"Law & Order\" spinoff \"\". He appeared in the first fifteen seasons of that series from 1999 to 2014, and occasionally as a guest thereafter. On \"SVU\", Munch becomes a senior detective in the New York Police Department's Special Victims Unit, and is first partnered with Brian Cassidy (Dean Winters), followed by Monique Jeffries (Michelle Hurd), and Fin Tutuola (Ice-T). In the premiere, Munch is promoted to the rank of Sergeant and occasionally takes on supervisory functions within the department. In season 14, Munch is temporarily reassigned to the Cold Case Unit, after solving a decade-old child abduction case", "title": "John Munch" }, { "id": "13476258", "text": "their contracts for two more seasons. Christine Lahti played the new executive assistant district attorney, , for five episodes, starting with the first episode through to the fourth episode. She returned briefly in the eighth episode, where she clashed with Cabot. Neal Baer said \"She's from Appeals and she's tired of having rape cases overturned because of misidentifications. She's coming to clean things up\". Stephanie March returned temporally for ten episodes starting with the fifth episode playing ADA Alexandra Cabot, while \"SVU\" attempted to find a permanent ADA. Sharon Stone joined the cast in the twenty-first episode \"Torch\" on April", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 11)" }, { "id": "14535247", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12) The twelfth season of \"\" premiered in the United States on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) on September 22, 2010, and concluded on May 18, 2011. This was the first season that the show did not air alongside the original \"Law & Order\". Episodes initially aired on Wednesdays between 9pm/8c and 10pm/9c Eastern except for the season premiere which aired from 9pm/8c to 11pm/10c. After the winter hiatus, \"SVU\" returned with another two-hour showing on January 5, 2011, before the broadcast time switched to the 10pm/9c time slot the following week. At", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 12)" }, { "id": "1614715", "text": "permanent member beginning with the ninth season. Although Beach felt the role was a \"dream role\", the character proved unpopular with fans who felt that he was designed to gradually write out either Richard Belzer or Ice-T. Feeling there were too many police characters on the show, Beach left the show after only one season. Michaela McManus was originally felt to be too young for the role of an Assistant District Attorney (ADA) before being cast as ADA Kim Greylek in the tenth season. McManus, months removed from a recurring role on \"One Tree Hill\", remained with the series only", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614696", "text": "that Rick Eid departed the series. He will be taking over another Dick Wolf/NBC series. \"Chicago P.D.\" It was announced on May 25, 2017 that original \"Law & Order\" and \"Law & Order: Criminal Intent\" showrunner Michael S. Chernuchin would be reprising his role starting on season nineteen. Chernuchin was also co-creator and executive producing showrunner of \"Chicago Justice\", another Wolf-related show that was canceled by NBC at the end of the 2016–17 TV season. Many exterior scenes of \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" are filmed on location in New York City, Wolf's hometown, throughout all five of New", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "15610188", "text": "extraordinary talent and his commitment to the truth. I love him deeply and will miss him terribly — I'm so excited to see what he'll do next.\" On August 1, 2011, Greenblatt confirmed that Meloni's character would not be killed off. On June 10, 2011, co-star Ice-T renewed his contract for two more seasons (seasons 13 and 14). Kate Ward of \"Entertainment Weekly\" felt co-star Ice-T should have replaced Meloni, instead of searching for a new cast member. Actors Danny Pino, Kevin Alejandro, David Conrad, Michael Raymond-James, and later Rhys Coiro were tested June 21, opposite Hargitay as replacements for", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13)" }, { "id": "9824929", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 1) , an American police procedural television series, premiered on September 20, 1999 on NBC. Created by Dick Wolf, it is the first spin-off of \"Law & Order\" and follows the detectives of a fictionalized version of the New York City Police Department's Special Victims Unit, which investigates sexually based offenses. \"SVU\" originally aired on Monday nights at 9pm/8c EST, but it was moved to Friday nights at 10pm/9c after the ninth episode. Showrunner Robert Palm felt too disturbed by the subject matter and left after the season's conclusion. Inspiration for the series", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 1)" }, { "id": "18030347", "text": "in the same episode as Don Cragen. Cragen, previously a main character, who served as Captain of SVU from 1999 until the fifteenth season, assists Benson in re-opening the case and gathering evidence. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 16) The sixteenth season of \"\" debuted on Wednesday, September 24, 2014, at 9pm/8c (Eastern), and concluded on Wednesday, May 20, 2015, on NBC. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" was renewed for a sixteenth season on May 7, 2014, by NBC. and premiered on September 24, 2014. Production on the season commenced on May 22, with the", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 16)" }, { "id": "1614717", "text": "contract. Warren Leight became the new showrunner during this same year and signed on before he knew that Meloni would be leaving the cast. The second major departure to be announced in 2011 was that of BD Wong. On July 17, Wong announced on Twitter that, \"I actually do not return for season 13, I am jumping to \"Awake\"! It's awesome!\" Wong added, \"I don't know if or when I'll be back on \"SVU\"! It was amazing to have such a cool job for 11 years and to be a real NY Actor.\" Wong reprised his role as Dr. Huang", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614709", "text": "appeared (as Cassidy) on the two-part Season 14 premiere \"Lost Reputation\"/. He subsequently became a recurring character into season 15. The void left by Winters's departure was filled for the remainder of the season by Michelle Hurd as Detective Monique Jeffries, a character who Wolf promised that, despite starting out as a minor character with one scene in the pilot, would eventually develop. Hurd left the show at the beginning of season two to join the cast of \"Leap Years\". Munch's permanent partner came in the form of rapper-turned-actor Ice-T, who had previously worked with Wolf on \"New York Undercover\"", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "16203064", "text": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14) The fourteenth season of \"\" debuted with a two-part premiere episode on September 26, 2012, at 9pm/8c - 11pm/10c (Eastern) on NBC, which was the show's weekly time slot. The fourteenth season picked up storyline-wise where the last season left off, with Captain Cragen (Dann Florek) awaking to a dead sex worker in his bed with her throat slit. The two-part season premiere was watched by 7.19 million total viewers and received generally positive reviews. The series' landmark 300th episode fell this season and aired on October 24, 2012, watched by 6.77", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)" }, { "id": "18030346", "text": "finale of \"Desperate Housewives\", of which she was part of the cast from 2004 to 2012. The episode marks Vaughn's final television prior to his death on November 11, 2016. Andre Braugher returned to \"SVU\" as his season 13–14 recurring character defense attorney Bayard Ellis in the episode entitled \"Perverted Justice\". Ellis tried and set a jailed-father accused of raping his daughter, free, after she recants her testimony against him. \"House's\" Robert Sean Leonard guest stars as ADA Kenneth O’Dwyer, who goes head-to-head with Ellis in court over the case. Alongside Braugher and Leonard, Dann Florek made a guest appearance", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 16)" }, { "id": "11169623", "text": "Bachelor of Arts and received her Master of Fine Arts from NYU Graduate Acting Program. Jenna Stern Jenna Louise Stern (born September 23, 1967) is an American actress. Having played 11 characters across the \"Law & Order\" franchise, she currently recurs on \"Law & Order SVU\" as Judge Elana Barth, in addition to voicing commercials, books and documentaries. Stern was born in Los Angeles, California. Member of an artistic family, Stern is the daughter of actor and producer Tom Stern and Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe-winning actress Samantha Eggar. Her brother, Nicolas Stern, is a producer for film and television.", "title": "Jenna Stern" }, { "id": "1614730", "text": "brings empathy to his cases while dealing with a stressful home life, while Rollins' dogged persistence and instincts help her close cases, but her secrets could derail her career. In the current seasons, the Manhattan SVU is now run by Lieutenant Olivia Benson. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" has started its twentieth season. Each season has aired on NBC and consists of 19 to 25 episodes, each lasting approximately forty minutes (sixty minutes including commercials). \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" premiered on Monday, September 20, 1999. After nine episodes, the show was moved to Friday nights, where it", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "20154805", "text": "nicest person our characters have ever met. What he's going to be doing, too, is basically bringing all of the franchises into one. He's connecting \"Law & Order\", the \"Chicago\" franchises and now \"SVU\".\" His character debuted in the thirteenth episode of the season. In the thirteenth episode, Raúl Esparza departed the cast after six seasons on the show. He told Natalie Abrams of \"Entertainment Weekly\" that it was his decision to leave, adding \"I've done six seasons, I felt like it was time to go. I had explored a lot of what I thought Barba was about. I just", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)" }, { "id": "13476269", "text": "been a big fan of her films. But my immediate question was 'Do I live?'\" <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 11) The eleventh season of \"\" premiered on September 23, 2009 and concluded on May 19, 2010. It was moved from Tuesdays to Wednesdays at 9 pm/8c ET for the NBC broadcast. On March 3, 2010, \"SVU\" returned to its previous time slot of 10pm/9c ET. On January 22, 2010, in the wake of the conflict between Jay Leno and Conan O'Brien, NBC announced that they would order two additional episodes to fill in the gaps", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 11)" }, { "id": "10139559", "text": "the show's second season. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 6) The sixth season of the television series, \"\" premiered September 21, 2004 and ended May 24, 2005 on NBC. It aired on Tuesday nights at 10pm/9c. In January 2005, when the season was halfway through airing, Mariska Hargitay won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama becoming the first regular cast member of any \"Law & Order\" series to win a Golden Globe. Emmy Ann Wooding, a long time assistant at Wolf Films, died in a car accident while the sixth season", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 6)" }, { "id": "14554270", "text": "Law & Order: LA Law & Order: LA, originally titled Law & Order: Los Angeles, is an American police procedural and legal drama television series set in Los Angeles, where it was produced. Created and produced by Dick Wolf and developed by Blake Masters, it premiered on NBC on September 29, 2010, as the fifth series in Wolf's successful \"Law & Order\" franchise. \"Law & Order: LA\" debuted after the original \"Law & Order\" ended its 20-year run the previous spring. The show received a full season pickup on October 18, 2010. On January 18, 2011, however, NBC announced that", "title": "Law & Order: LA" }, { "id": "20154814", "text": "an episode titled \"Info Wars\", inspired by the Charlottesville riots and the website InfoWars. Rhea's character was inspired by InfoWars reporter Millie Weaver. On March 5, 2018, it was revealed that Stephanie March would reprise her role as ADA Alexandra Cabot in an episode titled \"Sunk Cost Fallacy\" that aired on April 18, 2018. It marked March's first appearance on the show since . <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19) The nineteenth season of \"\" premiered on September 27, 2017 and finished on May 23, 2018 with a two-part season finale. Michael S. Chernuchin, who had", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19)" }, { "id": "1614729", "text": "Paxton (Christine Lahti) and Jo Marlowe (Sharon Stone) until the conclusion of season eleven. Gillian Hardwicke served as the SVU ADA during season twelve. In season thirteen, both Cabot and Novak returned as ADAs. From the beginning of season fourteen, ADA Rafael Barba had been SVU's prosecutor, until leaving halfway through season nineteen. \"Chicago Justice\"'s Peter Stone became SVU's ADA after \"Chicago Justice\" was canceled after only one season. In season 13, other big changes happened when Stabler left in the season twelve finale. Detectives Nick Amaro and Amanda Rollins joined the team filling the void left by Stabler. Amaro", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "1614704", "text": "the actors left, there was a moment of dead silence, after which Wolf blurted out, \"Oh well. There's no doubt who we should choose—Hargitay and Meloni.\" Wolf believed the duo had the perfect chemistry together from the first time he saw them together, and they ended up being his first choice. Garth Ancier, then head of NBC Entertainment, agreed, and the rest of the panel assembled began voicing their assent. The first actor to be cast for the show was Dann Florek. Florek had originated the character of Captain Don Cragen in the 1988 pilot for \"Law & Order\" and", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "16203065", "text": "million total viewers. This is the first season of \"SVU\" to have any kind of crossover with now-ended \"Law & Order\" spinoff \"\", with Kathryn Erbe guest starring in two episodes \"\" and \"Poisoned Motive\" as her \"LOCI\" character, Alexandra Eames, and Denis O'Hare guest starring in the episode \"Presumed Guilty\" as his \"LOCI\" character, . \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" was renewed for a fourteenth season on May 9, 2012. Prior to the season fourteen renewal, cast members Ice-T (Detective Fin Tutuola) and Mariska Hargitay (Detective Olivia Benson) had already renewed their contracts through the fourteenth season. Ice-T", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)" }, { "id": "15610191", "text": "\"I don't know if or when I'll be back [on SVU]! It was amazing to have such a cool job for 11 years and to be a real NY Actor.\" Wong reprised his role in the episode \"\", which aired on May 2, 2012. Tamara Tunie was moved from the main cast credits to a \"special guest\" starring role. Linus Roache reprised his role of ADA Michael Cutter from the original \"Law & Order\" series in the season premiere episode. Cutter has been promoted at the DA's office to Bureau Chief ADA in which he oversees the ADAs assigned to", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13)" }, { "id": "14554277", "text": "duty by a drug cartel. Corey Stoll portrays LAPD , originally partnered with Rex Winters, later with Ricardo Morales. Wanda De Jesus originally portrayed on July 31, 2010, but left in September after filming only the first two episodes. Rachel Ticotin later joined the cast as Gonzales, replacing De Jesus, re-shooting her scenes after the . Alfred Molina was cast as ; later, his character resigns from the District Attorney's office out of frustration with the justice system and the prosecutorial politics. Molina's Morales returns to his old job as a police detective, replacing Ulrich's Detective Winters. Regina Hall played", "title": "Law & Order: LA" }, { "id": "3977660", "text": "S. Epatha Merkerson Sharon Epatha Merkerson (; (born November 28, 1952), is an American film, stage, and television actress. She has received numerous high-profile accolades for her work, including an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, four NAACP Image Awards, two Obie Awards and two Tony Award nominations. Merkerson is also the recipient of 4 honorary doctorate degrees. She is best known for her award-winning portrayal of Lieutenant Anita Van Buren on the NBC police procedural drama series \"Law & Order\", a role she played from 1993 to 2010. She appeared in 395 episodes of", "title": "S. Epatha Merkerson" }, { "id": "18573889", "text": "holds a reputation of being a family man, along with a history of corruption and violence against women. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 17) The seventeenth season of \"\" debuted on Wednesday, September 23, 2015 on NBC, and concluded on Wednesday, May 25, 2016. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" was renewed for a seventeenth season on February 5, 2015, by NBC. Mariska Hargitay (Olivia Benson) had her contract renewed for season 17, as well as Ice-T (Det. Fin Tutuola). It was announced in March 2015 that season seventeen would be show runner/executive producer Warren Leight's", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 17)" }, { "id": "1614716", "text": "half a season, however, before departing for unspecified reasons. Paula Patton joined the cast as ADA Mikka Von. She replaced Stephanie March. However, Patton dropped out after one episode to film \"\", and was replaced by Melissa Sagemiller in the recurring role of ADA Gillian Hardwicke. Before the end of season twelve, Mariska Hargitay asked for a lighter workload. As a way of writing her out of certain episodes, a plan to have her character promoted to a supervisory role was discussed. At the end of season twelve, Christopher Meloni departed the cast, unable to come to terms with his", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit" }, { "id": "9824933", "text": "Don Cragen for the first three seasons on the original \"Law & Order\" and later reprised his role in \"\". He joined the cast on the condition that he not be asked to audition. Richard Belzer was cast as Detective John Munch, continuing his role from the series \"\". In Belzer's words, he was cast because \"Dick Wolf and Tom Fontana got drunk at a party\". Halfway through the season, Richard Belzer reprised his role of Munch in \",\" which briefly shows his character out on a case in his \"SVU\" context in New York. At Belzer's insistence, his character", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 1)" }, { "id": "16203071", "text": "and heat. I need to take this MF home!\" Leight posted a tweet quoting Invictus earlier in the day, \"#SVU cast and crew somehow resumed shooting this morning. We are muddied but unbowed.\" At the production blog on the official website, they note the storm hit while episodes \"Lessons Learned\", and \"Dream Deferred\" were being shot; they couldn't get back into the studio or production office for weeks due to flooding. On December 6, 2012, NBC ordered an additional two episodes for this season, bringing the total to 24. The season finale aired on May 22, 2013. Dean Winters, who", "title": "Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)" } ]

[ "S phase" ]

[ { "id": "91154", "text": "it is complete, all of the chromosomes have been replicated, i.e., each chromosome has two (sister) chromatids. Thus, during this phase, the amount of DNA in the cell has effectively doubled, though the ploidy of the cell remains the same. Rates of RNA transcription and protein synthesis are very low during this phase. An exception to this is histone production, most of which occurs during the S phase. G2 phase occurs after DNA replication and is a period of protein synthesis and rapid cell growth to prepare the cell for mitosis. During this phase microtubules begin to reorganize to form", "title": "Cell cycle" }, { "id": "91146", "text": "cells. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle is also divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the chromosomes separate. During the final stage, cytokinesis, the chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells. To ensure the proper division of the cell, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints. The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature", "title": "Cell cycle" }, { "id": "2899103", "text": "Cell growth The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction). When used in the context of cell development, the term refers to increase in cytoplasmic and organelle volume (G1 phase), as well as increase in genetic material (G2 phase) following the replication during S phase. This is not to be confused with growth in the context of cell division, referred to as proliferation, where a cell, known as the \"mother cell\", grows and divides to produce two \"daughter cells\" (M phase). Cell populations go through a particular type of exponential growth", "title": "Cell growth" }, { "id": "6920462", "text": "Cell cycle checkpoint All living organisms are the products of repeated rounds of cell growth and division. During this process, known as the cell cycle, a cell duplicates its contents and then divides in two. The purpose of the cell cycle is to accurately duplicate each organism's DNA and then divide the cell and its contents evenly between the two resulting cells. In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of four main stages: G, during which a cell is metabolically active and continuously grows; S phase, during which DNA replication takes place; G, during which cell growth continues and the cell", "title": "Cell cycle checkpoint" }, { "id": "91152", "text": "within interphase, from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis, is called G (G indicating \"gap\"). It is also called the growth phase. During this phase, the biosynthetic activities of the cell, which are considerably slowed down during M phase, resume at a high rate. The duration of G is highly variable, even among different cells of the same species. In this phase, the cell increases its supply of proteins, increases the number of organelles (such as mitochondria, ribosomes), and grows in size. In G phase, a cell has three options. (1) To continue", "title": "Cell cycle" }, { "id": "2899132", "text": "reactions are taking place, however no obvious changes can be seen at this stage. Cell growth The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction). When used in the context of cell development, the term refers to increase in cytoplasmic and organelle volume (G1 phase), as well as increase in genetic material (G2 phase) following the replication during S phase. This is not to be confused with growth in the context of cell division, referred to as proliferation, where a cell, known as the \"mother cell\", grows and divides to produce two", "title": "Cell growth" }, { "id": "2899120", "text": "briefly at M phase when the nucleus and then the cell divide in two. The process of cell division, called cell cycle, has four major parts called phases. The first part, called G phase is marked by synthesis of various enzymes that are required for DNA replication. The second part of the cell cycle is the S phase, where DNA replication produces two identical sets of chromosomes. The third part is the G phase in which a significant protein synthesis occurs, mainly involving the production of microtubules that are required during the process of division, called mitosis. The fourth phase,", "title": "Cell growth" }, { "id": "4411538", "text": "G2 phase G phase, or Gap 2 phase, is the second subphase of Interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis. It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated. G phase ends with the onset of prophase, the first phase of mitosis in which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes. G phase is a period of rapid cell growth and protein synthesis during which the cell prepares itself for mitosis. Curiously, G phase is not a necessary part of the cell cycle, as some cell types (particularly young \"Xenopus\" embryos and some cancers", "title": "G2 phase" }, { "id": "2899125", "text": "the same number of chromosomes as the parental cell. Chromosomes duplicate prior to cell division when forming new skin cells for reproduction. After meiotic cell reproduction the four daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes that the parental cell originally had. This is the haploid amount of DNA, often symbolized as N. Meiosis is used by diploid organisms to produce haploid gametes. In a diploid organism such as the human organism, most cells of the body have the diploid amount of DNA, 2N. Using this notation for counting chromosomes we say that human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes (2N", "title": "Cell growth" }, { "id": "91151", "text": "a series of changes that takes place in a newly formed cell and its nucleus, before it becomes capable of division again. It is also called preparatory phase or intermitosis. Previously it was called resting stage because there is no apparent activity related to cell division.Typically interphase lasts for at least 91% of the total time required for the cell cycle. Interphase proceeds in three stages, G, S, and G, followed by the cycle of mitosis and cytokinesis. The cell's nuclear DNA contents are duplicated during S phase but may continue till G in case of heterochromatin. The first phase", "title": "Cell cycle" }, { "id": "2899123", "text": "features of the three types of cell reproduction that either involve binary fission, mitosis, or meiosis. The diagram below depicts the similarities and differences of these three types of cell reproduction. The DNA content of a cell is duplicated at the start of the cell reproduction process. Prior to DNA replication, the DNA content of a cell can be represented as the amount Z (the cell has Z chromosomes). After the DNA replication process, the amount of DNA in the cell is 2Z (multiplication: 2 x Z = 2Z). During Binary fission and mitosis the duplicated DNA content of the", "title": "Cell growth" }, { "id": "8058165", "text": "DNA separation in the M phase. After complete synthesis of its DNA, the cell enters the G2 phase where it continues to grow in preparation for mitosis. Following interphase, the cell transitions into mitosis, containing four sub stages: prophase, anaphase, metaphase, and telophase. In mitosis, DNA condenses into chromosomes, which are lined up and separated by the mitotic spindle. After duplicate DNA is separated on opposite ends of the cell, the cytoplasm of the cell is split in two during cytokinesis resulting in two daughter cells. As with most processes in the body, the cell cycle is highly regulated to", "title": "G1/S transition" }, { "id": "43645", "text": "the S phase of the cell cycle. In meiosis, the DNA is replicated only once, while the cell divides twice. DNA replication only occurs before meiosis I. DNA replication does not occur when the cells divide the second time, in meiosis II. Replication, like all cellular activities, requires specialized proteins for carrying out the job. Between successive cell divisions, cells grow through the functioning of cellular metabolism. Cell metabolism is the process by which individual cells process nutrient molecules. Metabolism has two distinct divisions: catabolism, in which the cell breaks down complex molecules to produce energy and reducing power, and", "title": "Cell (biology)" }, { "id": "43644", "text": "into two daughter cells. This leads to growth in multicellular organisms (the growth of tissue) and to procreation (vegetative reproduction) in unicellular organisms. Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission, while eukaryotic cells usually undergo a process of nuclear division, called mitosis, followed by division of the cell, called cytokinesis. A diploid cell may also undergo meiosis to produce haploid cells, usually four. Haploid cells serve as gametes in multicellular organisms, fusing to form new diploid cells. DNA replication, or the process of duplicating a cell's genome, always happens when a cell divides through mitosis or binary fission. This occurs during", "title": "Cell (biology)" }, { "id": "8616739", "text": "we have examined the underlying causes of the growth and determined they will not be changing significantly over that period. The equivalent concept to \"doubling time\" for a material undergoing a constant negative relative growth rate or exponential decay is the half-life. The equivalent concept in base-\"e\" is \"e\"-folding. Cell doubling time can be calculated in the following way using growth rate (amount of doubling in one unit of time) Growth rate: or Doubling time: The following is the known doubling time for the following cells: Doubling time The doubling time is the period of time required for a quantity", "title": "Doubling time" }, { "id": "1731830", "text": "Interphase Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis. Interphase is the 'daily living' or metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, reads its DNA, and conducts other \"normal\" cell functions. The majority of eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in interphase. This phase was formerly called the resting phase. However, interphase does not describe a cell that is merely resting; rather, the cell is living, and preparing for", "title": "Interphase" }, { "id": "8616732", "text": "Doubling time The doubling time is the period of time required for a quantity to double in size or value. It is applied to population growth, inflation, resource extraction, consumption of goods, compound interest, the volume of malignant tumours, and many other things that tend to grow over time. When the relative growth rate (not the absolute growth rate) is constant, the quantity undergoes exponential growth and has a constant doubling time or period, which can be calculated directly from the growth rate. This time can be calculated by dividing the natural logarithm of 2 by the exponent of growth,", "title": "Doubling time" }, { "id": "2899124", "text": "reproducing parental cell is separated into two equal halves that are destined to end up in the two daughter cells. The final part of the cell reproduction process is cell division, when daughter cells physically split apart from a parental cell. During meiosis, there are two cell division steps that together produce the four daughter cells. After the completion of binary fission or cell reproduction involving mitosis, each daughter cell has the same amount of DNA (Z) as what the parental cell had before it replicated its DNA. These two types of cell reproduction produced two daughter cells that have", "title": "Cell growth" }, { "id": "9564141", "text": "is marked by rapid exponential growth. The rate at which cells grow during this phase is known as the \"growth rate\" (\"k\"), and the time it takes the cells to double is known as the \"generation time\" (\"g\"). During log phase, nutrients are metabolised at maximum speed until one of the nutrients is depleted and starts limiting growth. The third phase of growth is the \"stationary phase\" and is caused by depleted nutrients. The cells reduce their metabolic activity and consume non-essential cellular proteins. The stationary phase is a transition from rapid growth to a stress response state and there", "title": "Bacteria" }, { "id": "473713", "text": "chromosomes must be replicated, and the duplicated genome must be separated cleanly between cells. A great deal of cellular infrastructure is involved in keeping genomic information consistent between generations. Interphase is the process a cell must go through before mitosis, meiosis, and cytokinesis. Interphase consists of three main stages: G1, S, and G2. G1 is a time of growth for the cell where specialized cellular functions occur in order to prepare the cell for DNA Replication. There are checkpoints during interphase that allow the cell to be either progressed or denied further development. In S phase, the chromosomes are replicated", "title": "Cell division" }, { "id": "6920463", "text": "synthesizes various proteins in preparation for division; and the M (mitosis) phase, during which the duplicated chromosomes (known as the sister chromatids) separate into two daughter nuclei, and the cell divides into two daughter cells, each with a full copy of DNA. Compared to the eukaryotic cell cycle, the prokaryotic cell cycle (known as binary fission) is relatively simple and quick: the chromosome replicates from the origin of replication, a new membrane is assembled, and the cell wall forms a septum which divides the cell into two. As the eukaryotic cell cycle is a complex process, eukaryotes have evolved a", "title": "Cell cycle checkpoint" }, { "id": "91145", "text": "Cell cycle The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells. In bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle is divided into the B, C, and D periods. The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication. DNA replication occurs during the C period. The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter", "title": "Cell cycle" }, { "id": "91184", "text": "levels in S and at their lowest near mitosis. Cell cycle The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells. In bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle is divided into the B, C, and D periods. The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication. DNA replication occurs during the C period. The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and", "title": "Cell cycle" }, { "id": "8058161", "text": "G1/S transition The G1/S transition is a stage in the cell cycle at the boundary between the G1 phase, in which the cell grows, and the S phase, during which DNA is replicated. It is a cell cycle check point where DNA integrity is assessed and the cell cycle can pause in response to improperly or partially replicated DNA. During this transition the cell makes decisions to become quiescent (enter G0), differentiate, make DNA repairs, or proliferate based on environmental cues and molecular signaling inputs. The G1/S transition occurs late in G1 and the absence or improper application of this", "title": "G1/S transition" }, { "id": "112552", "text": "the cell cycle; DNA replication takes place during the S phase (synthesis phase). The progress of the eukaryotic cell through the cycle is controlled by cell cycle checkpoints. Progression through checkpoints is controlled through complex interactions between various proteins, including cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Unlike bacteria, eukaryotic DNA replicates in the confines of the nucleus. The G1/S checkpoint (or restriction checkpoint) regulates whether eukaryotic cells enter the process of DNA replication and subsequent division. Cells that do not proceed through this checkpoint remain in the G0 stage and do not replicate their DNA. Replication of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes occurs", "title": "DNA replication" }, { "id": "2748696", "text": "DnaA DnaA is a protein that activates initiation of DNA replication in bacteria. It is a replication initiation factor which promotes the unwinding of DNA at \"oriC\". The onset of the initiation phase of DNA replication is determined by the concentration of DnaA. DnaA accumulates during growth and then triggers the initiation of replication. Replication begins with active DnaA binding to 9-mer (9-bp) repeats upstream of \"oriC\". Binding of DnaA leads to strand separation at the 13-mer repeats. This binding causes the DNA to loop in preparation for melting open by the helicase DnaB. The active form DnaA is bound", "title": "DnaA" }, { "id": "5732511", "text": "Spermiogenesis Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, which sees the maturation of spermatids into mature, motile spermatozoa. The spermatid is a more or less circular cell containing a nucleus, Golgi apparatus, centriole and mitochondria. All these components take part in forming the spermatozoon. The process of spermiogenesis is traditionally divided into four stages: the Golgi phase, the cap phase, formation of tail, and the maturation stage. The spermatids, which up until now have been mostly radially symmetrical, begin to develop polarity. Spermatid DNA also undergoes packaging, becoming highly condensed. The DNA is first packaged with specific nuclear basic proteins,", "title": "Spermiogenesis" }, { "id": "1787581", "text": "The rate of DNA synthesis in a living cell was first determined as the rate of phage T4 DNA elongation in phage infected \"E. coli\". During the period of exponential DNA increase at 37 °C, the rate was 749 nucleotides per second. DNA polymerase's ability to slide along the DNA template allows increased processivity. There is a dramatic increase in processivity at the replication fork. This increase is facilitated by the DNA polymerase's association with proteins known as the sliding DNA clamp. The clamps are multiple protein subunits associated in the shape of a ring. Using the hydrolysis of ATP,", "title": "DNA polymerase" }, { "id": "4564025", "text": "and LH in males will not increase the rate of spermatogenesis. However, with age, the rate of production will decrease, even when the amount of hormone that is secreted is constant; this is due to higher rates of degeneration of germ cells during meiotic prophase. In the following table, ploidy, copy number and chromosome/chromatid counts listed are for a single cell, generally prior to DNA synthesis and division (in G if applicable). Primary spermatocytes are arrested after DNA synthesis and prior to division. Spermatocytes regularly overcome double-strand breaks and other DNA damages in the prophase stage of meiosis. These damages", "title": "Spermatocyte" }, { "id": "8058164", "text": "the cell separates its DNA and divides into two new daughter cells. Interphase is further broken down into the G1 (GAP 1) phase, S (Synthesis) phase, G2 (GAP 2) phase and the mitotic (M) phase which in turn is broken down into mitosis and cytokinesis. Following cytokinesis, during G1 phase the cells monitor environment for the potential growth factors, grow larger and once achieve the threshold size (rRNA and overall protein content characteristic for a given cell type) they start progression through S phase. During S phase, the cell also duplicates the centrosome, or microtubule-organizing center, which is critical for", "title": "G1/S transition" }, { "id": "6920475", "text": "activation of Rb, which allows Rb to bind and inhibit E2F1-3, thus keeping the cell from transitioning to S phase. Recently, some aspects of this model have been disputed. Following DNA replication in S phase, the cell undergoes a growth phase known as G2. During this time, necessary mitotic proteins are produced and the cell is once more subjected to regulatory mechanisms to ensure proper status for entry into the proliferative Mitotic (M) phase. Multiple mechanistic checkpoints are involved in this transition from G2 to M, with a common uniting factor of cyclin-Cdk activity. Although variations in requisite cyclin-Cdk complexes", "title": "Cell cycle checkpoint" }, { "id": "2748700", "text": "contains two conserved regions: the first is located in the central part of the protein and corresponds to the ATP-binding domain, the second is located in the C-terminal half and is involved in DNA-binding. DnaA DnaA is a protein that activates initiation of DNA replication in bacteria. It is a replication initiation factor which promotes the unwinding of DNA at \"oriC\". The onset of the initiation phase of DNA replication is determined by the concentration of DnaA. DnaA accumulates during growth and then triggers the initiation of replication. Replication begins with active DnaA binding to 9-mer (9-bp) repeats upstream of", "title": "DnaA" }, { "id": "16974587", "text": "early 1960's, Hayflick and his colleague Paul Moorhead at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania discovered that when normal human cells were stored in a freezer, the cells remembered the doubling level at which they were stored and, when reconstituted, began to divide from that level to roughly 50 total doublings (for cells derived from fetal tissue). Hayflick determined that normal cells gradually experience signs of senescence as they divide, first slowing before stopping division altogether. This finding is the basis for the Hayflick limit, which specifies the number of times a normal human cell population will divide before cell", "title": "WI-38" }, { "id": "4711222", "text": "result in offspring with twice the normal number of chromosomes. Meiosis creates new combinations of genetic material in each of the four daughter cells. These new combinations result from the exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes. Such exchange means that the gametes produced through meiosis often exhibit considerable genetic variation. Meiosis involves two rounds of nuclear division, not just one. Prior to undergoing meiosis, a cell goes through an interphase period in which it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and checks all of its systems to ensure that it is ready to divide. Like mitosis, meiosis also has distinct stages called", "title": "Nuclear DNA" }, { "id": "14572529", "text": "Cell cycle analysis Cell cycle analysis by DNA content measurement is a method that most frequently employs flow cytometry to distinguish cells in different phases of the cell cycle. Before analysis, the cells are usually permeabilised and treated with a fluorescent dye that stains DNA quantitatively, such as propidium iodide (PI) or 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The fluorescence intensity of the stained cells correlates with the amount of DNA they contain. As the DNA content doubles during the S phase, the DNA content (and thereby intensity of fluorescence) of cells in the G phase and G phase (before S), in the S", "title": "Cell cycle analysis" }, { "id": "4711223", "text": "prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. A key difference, however, is that during meiosis, each of these phases occurs twice — once during the first round of division, called meiosis I, and again during the second round of division, called meiosis II. Prior to cell division, the DNA material in the original cell must be duplicated so that after cell division, each new cell contains the full amount of DNA material. The process of DNA duplication is usually called replication. The replication is termed semiconservative since each new cell contains one strand of original DNA and one newly synthesized strand of", "title": "Nuclear DNA" }, { "id": "8058163", "text": "cell will continue through the cell cycle regardless of incoming mitogenic factors due to the positive feed-back loop of G1-S transcription. Positive feed-back loops include G1 cyclins and accumulation of E2F. The cell cycle is a process in which an ordered set of events leads to the growth and division into two daughter cells. The cell cycle is a cycle rather than a linear process because the two daughter cells produced repeat the cycle. This process contains two main phases, interphase, in which the cell grows and synthesizes a copy of its DNA, and the mitotic (M) phase, during which", "title": "G1/S transition" }, { "id": "1731834", "text": "in interphase, the cell proceeds to prophase, or in plants to preprophase, which is the first stage of mitosis. G phase is viewed as either an extended G phase where the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide and or as a distinct quiescent stage which occurs outside of the cell cycle. In gamete production interphase is succeeded by meiosis. In programmed cell death, interphase is followed or preempted by apoptosis. Interphase Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in", "title": "Interphase" }, { "id": "2800825", "text": "megakaryocyte. The cell eventually reaches megakaryocyte stage and loses its ability to divide. However, it is still able to replicate its DNA and continue development, becoming polyploid. The cytoplasm continues to expand and the DNA complement can increase up to 64N in human and 256N in mouse. Many of the morphological features of megakaryocyte differentiation can be recapitulated in non-hematopoietic cells by the expression of Class VI β-tubulin (β6) and they provide a mechanistic basis for understanding these changes. Once the cell has completed differentiation and become a mature megakaryocyte, it begins the process of producing platelets. The maturation process", "title": "Megakaryocyte" }, { "id": "2497919", "text": "and proteins (known as histones) that are required for DNA synthesis. Once the required proteins and growth are complete, the cell enters the next phase of the cell cycle, S phase. The duration of each phase, including the G phase, is different in many different types of cells. In human somatic cells, the cell cycle lasts about 18 hours, and the G phase takes up about 1/3 of that time. However, in Xenopus embryos, sea urchin embryos, and Drosophila embryos, the G phase is barely existent and is defined as the gap, if one exists, between the end of mitosis", "title": "G1 phase" }, { "id": "112532", "text": "phage T4 DNA elongation in phage-infected \"E. coli\". During the period of exponential DNA increase at 37 °C, the rate was 749 nucleotides per second. The mutation rate per base pair per replication during phage T4 DNA synthesis is 1.7 per 10. DNA replication, like all biological polymerization processes, proceeds in three enzymatically catalyzed and coordinated steps: initiation, elongation and termination. For a cell to divide, it must first replicate its DNA. This process is initiated at particular points in the DNA, known as \"origins\", which are targeted by initiator proteins. In \"E. coli\" this protein is DnaA; in yeast,", "title": "DNA replication" }, { "id": "3774388", "text": "divide, because cell size is big enough or because they receive the appropriate stimulus, they activate the mechanism to enter into the cell cycle, and they duplicate most organelles during S (synthesis) phase, including their centrosome. Therefore, when the cell division process will end, each daughter cell will receive a complete set of organelles. At the same time, during S phase all cells must duplicate their DNA very precisely, a process termed DNA replication. Once DNA replication has finished, in eukaryotes the DNA molecule is compacted and condensed, to form the mitotic chromosomes, each one constituted by two sister chromatids,", "title": "Spindle checkpoint" }, { "id": "2899121", "text": "M phase, consists of nuclear division (karyokinesis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis), accompanied by the formation of a new cell membrane. This is the physical division of \"mother\" and \"daughter\" cells. The M phase has been broken down into several distinct phases, sequentially known as prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase leading to cytokinesis. Cell division is more complex in eukaryotes than in other organisms. Prokaryotic cells such as bacterial cells reproduce by binary fission, a process that includes DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. Eukaryotic cell division either involves mitosis or a more complex process called meiosis. Mitosis and meiosis", "title": "Cell growth" }, { "id": "2899122", "text": "are sometimes called the two \"nuclear division\" processes. Binary fission is similar to eukaryote cell reproduction that involves mitosis. Both lead to the production of two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parental cell. Meiosis is used for a special cell reproduction process of diploid organisms. It produces four special daughter cells (gametes) which have half the normal cellular amount of DNA. A male and a female gamete can then combine to produce a zygote, a cell which again has the normal amount of chromosomes. The rest of this article is a comparison of the main", "title": "Cell growth" }, { "id": "78832", "text": "cells then differentiate to become specialized, where specialized cells of the same type aggregate to form tissues, then organs and ultimately systems. The G phases along with the S phase – DNA replication, damage and repair - are considered to be the interphase portion of the cycle. While the M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) is the cell division portion of the cycle. The cell cycle is regulated by a series of signalling factors and complexes such as cyclin-dependent kinases and p53, to name a few. When the cell has completed its growth process, and if it is found to be", "title": "Cell biology" }, { "id": "3489013", "text": "daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs). This can eventually lead to malignant tumors, or cancer as per the two hit hypothesis. The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA", "title": "DNA repair" }, { "id": "15281314", "text": "In most cells, this occurs at the cell membrane however, evidence suggests that the PIP required for oocyte activation is potentially stored in intracellular vesicles dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. The IP produced then triggers calcium oscillations which reactivate the meiotic cycle. This results in the production and extrusion of the second polar body. 4 hours after fusion of sperm and ovum, DNA synthesis begins. Male and female pronuclei move to the centre of the egg and membranes break down. Male protamines are replaced with histones and the male DNA is demethylated. Chromosomes then orientate on the metaphase spindle for mitosis.", "title": "Oocyte activation" }, { "id": "91175", "text": "transition is a rate-limiting step in the cell cycle and is also known as restriction point. This is where the cell checks whether it has enough raw materials to fully replicate its DNA (nucleotide bases, DNA synthase, chromatin, etc.). An unhealthy or malnourished cell will get stuck at this checkpoint. The G/M checkpoint is where the cell ensures that it has enough cytoplasm and phospholipids for two daughter cells. But sometimes more importantly, it checks to see if it is the right time to replicate. There are some situations where many cells need to all replicate simultaneously (for example, a", "title": "Cell cycle" }, { "id": "78831", "text": "foundation of all organisms, they are the fundamental unit of life. The growth and development of the cell are essential for the maintenance of the host, and survival of the organisms. For this process the cell goes through the steps of the cell cycle and development which involves cell growth, DNA replication, cell division, regeneration, specialization, and cell death. The cell cycle is divided into four distinct phases, G1, S, G2, and M. The G phases – which is the cell growth phase - makes up approximately 95% of the cycle. The proliferation of cells is instigated by progenitors, the", "title": "Cell biology" }, { "id": "278119", "text": "(synthesis), and G (second gap). During all three parts of interphase, the cell grows by producing proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. However, chromosomes are replicated only during the S phase. Thus, a cell grows (G), continues to grow as it duplicates its chromosomes (S), grows more and prepares for mitosis (G), and finally divides (M) before restarting the cycle. All these phases in the cell cycle are highly regulated by cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and other cell cycle proteins. The phases follow one another in strict order and there are \"checkpoints\" that give the cell cues to proceed from one phase to", "title": "Mitosis" }, { "id": "278110", "text": "Mitosis In cell biology, mitosis () is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the number of chromosomes is maintained. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by the S stage of interphase (during which the DNA is replicated) and is often accompanied or followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell", "title": "Mitosis" }, { "id": "15065775", "text": "Replication timing Replication timing refers to the order in which segments of DNA along the length of a chromosome are duplicated. In eukaryotic cells (cells that package their DNA within a nucleus), chromosomes consist of very long linear double-stranded DNA molecules. During the S-phase of each cell cycle (Figure 1), all of the DNA in a cell is duplicated in order to provide one copy to each of the daughter cells after the next cell division. The process of duplicating DNA is called DNA replication, and it takes place by first unwinding the duplex DNA molecule, starting at many locations", "title": "Replication timing" }, { "id": "8058171", "text": "at the end of G2, one spindle assembly checkpoint in mitosis, and a chromosome segregation checkpoint during mitosis. Between G1 and S phase, three DNA damage checkpoints occur to ensure proper growth and synthesis of DNA prior to cell division. Damaged DNA during G1, before entry into S phase, and during S phase result in the expression of ATM/R protein. ATM/R protein then stabilizes and activates transcription factor p53 so that it can bind to upstream regions of genes, inducing the expression of proteins including p21CIP. p21CIP binds to and inhibits any cyclin-cdk present in the cell cycle, halting the", "title": "G1/S transition" }, { "id": "2228344", "text": "and a large mature egg, both being haploid cells. The polar bodies degenerate. Oocyte maturation stands by at metaphase II in most vertebrates. During ovulation, the arrested secondary oocyte leaves the ovary and matures rapidly into an egg ready for fertilization. Fertilization will cause the egg to complete meiosis II. In human females there is proliferation of the oogonia in the fetus, meiosis starts then before birth and stands by at meiotic division I up to 50 years, ovulation begins at puberty. A 10 - 20 μm large somatic cell generally needs 24 hours to double its mass for mitosis.", "title": "Germ cell" }, { "id": "8616737", "text": "a growing quantity, \"q\" at time \"t\" and \"q\" at time \"t\", and assuming a constant growth rate, you can calculate the doubling time as A constant relative growth rate means simply that the increase per unit time is proportional to the current quantity, i.e. the addition rate per unit amount is constant. It naturally occurs when the existing material generates or is the main determinant of new material. For example, population growth in virgin territory, or fractional-reserve banking creating inflation. With unvarying growth the doubling calculation may be applied for many doubling periods or generations. In practice eventually other", "title": "Doubling time" }, { "id": "4447813", "text": "proliferating; Hayflick called this the time of \"luxuriant growth\". After months of doubling the cells eventually reach phase three, a phenomenon he named \"senescence\", where cell replication rate slows before halting altogether. The Hayflick limit has been found to correlate with the length of the telomeric region at the end of chromosomes. During the process of DNA replication of a chromosome, small segments of DNA within each telomere are unable to be copied and are lost. This occurs due to the uneven nature of DNA replication, where leading and lagging strands are not replicated symmetrically. The telomeric region of DNA", "title": "Hayflick limit" }, { "id": "2748756", "text": "form a tail by growing microtubules on one of the centrioles, which turns into basal body. These microtubules form an axoneme. Later the centriole is modified in the process of centrosome reduction. The anterior part of the tail (called midpiece) thickens because mitochondria are arranged around the axoneme to ensure energy supply. Spermatid DNA also undergoes packaging, becoming highly condensed. The DNA is packaged firstly with specific nuclear basic proteins, which are subsequently replaced with protamines during spermatid elongation. The resultant tightly packed chromatin is transcriptionally inactive. The Golgi apparatus surrounds the now condensed nucleus, becoming the acrosome. Maturation then", "title": "Spermatogenesis" }, { "id": "473714", "text": "in order for the genetic content to be maintained. During G2, the cell undergoes the final stages of growth before it enters the M phase, where spindles are synthesized. The M phase, can be either mitosis or meiosis depending on the type of cell. Germ cells, or gametes, undergo meiosis, while somatic cells will undergo mitosis. After the cell proceeds successfully through the M phase, it may then undergo cell division through cytokinesis. The control of each checkpoint is controlled by cyclin and cyclin dependent kinases. The progression of interphase is the result of the increased amount of cyclin. As", "title": "Cell division" }, { "id": "6920484", "text": "BRCA1 or BRCA2 predisposes women toward breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1 is known to be required for S and G2/M transitions, and is involved in the cellular response to DNA damage. BRCA2 is believed to be involved in homologous recombination and regulating the S-phase checkpoint, and mutations of deficiencies in BRCA2 are strongly linked to tumorigenesis. Cell cycle checkpoint All living organisms are the products of repeated rounds of cell growth and division. During this process, known as the cell cycle, a cell duplicates its contents and then divides in two. The purpose of the cell cycle is to accurately", "title": "Cell cycle checkpoint" }, { "id": "1729036", "text": "cleavage occurs with only the synthesis and mitosis phases of the cell cycle. The addition of the two growth phases into the cell cycle allows for the cells to increase in size, as up to this point the blastomeres undergo reductive divisions in which the overall size of the embryo does not increase, but more cells are created. This transition begins the growth in size of the organism. The mid-blastula transition is also characterised by a marked increase in transcription of new, non-maternal mRNA transcribed from the genome of the organism. Large amounts of the maternal mRNA are destroyed at", "title": "Blastula" }, { "id": "112559", "text": "multiple cycles amplifies the targeted DNA region. At the start of each cycle, the mixture of template and primers is heated, separating the newly synthesized molecule and template. Then, as the mixture cools, both of these become templates for annealing of new primers, and the polymerase extends from these. As a result, the number of copies of the target region doubles each round, increasing exponentially. DNA replication In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. This process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for", "title": "DNA replication" }, { "id": "2930143", "text": "or during DNA repair synthesis. major categories of repeated sequence or repeats: In primates, the majority of LINEs are LINE-1 and the majority of SINEs are Alu's. SVAs are hominoid specific. In prokaryotes, CRISPR are arrays of alternating repeats and spacers. \"Note: The following are covered in detail in \"Computing for Comparative Microbial Genomics\".\" Repeated sequence (DNA) Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, or repeats) are patterns of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome. Repetitive DNA was first detected because of its rapid reassociation kinetics. In many organisms, a significant fraction of", "title": "Repeated sequence (DNA)" }, { "id": "16151274", "text": "decline of CDK activity at the end of mitosis. Thus, CDKs serve a dual role in the regulation of eukaryotic DNA replication: elevated CDK activity initiates replication at the origins and prevents rereplication by inhibiting origin re-licensing. This ensures that no replication origin fires twice in the same cell cycle. Early experimental evidence on the regulation of DNA replication suggests that replication origins exist in one of two states during the cell cycle: a prereplicative state in G1 and a postreplicative state from the moment of initiation until passage through mitosis. Origins of replication alternate between these two distinct states", "title": "DNA re-replication" }, { "id": "7781655", "text": "11.5, the sedimentation coefficient s, for Form I, is constant. Then it dips, and at a pH just below 12, reaches a minimum. With further increases in pH, s then returns to its former value. It doesn’t stop there, however, but continues to increase relentlessly. By pH 13, the value of s has risen to nearly 50, two to three times its value at pH 7, indicating an extremely compact structure. If the pH is then lowered, the s value is not restored. Instead, one sees the upper, green curve. The DNA, now in the state known as Form IV,", "title": "DNA supercoil" }, { "id": "11469774", "text": "Cellular senescence Cellular senescence is one phenomenon by which normal cells cease to divide. In their seminal experiments from the early 1960's, Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead found out that normal human fetal fibroblasts in culture reach a maximum of approximately 50 cell population doublings before becoming senescent. This phenomenon is known as \"replicative senescence\", or the Hayflick limit. Hayflick's discovery that normal cells are mortal overturned a 60-year-old dogma in cell biology that maintained that all cultured cells are immortal. Hayflick found that the only immortal cultured cells are cancer cells. Mechanistically, replicative senescence is triggered by a DNA", "title": "Cellular senescence" }, { "id": "15065785", "text": "with relative ease indicates that we will soon have a wealth of information about where and when large changes in chromosome folding occur during development and in different diseases. Replication timing Replication timing refers to the order in which segments of DNA along the length of a chromosome are duplicated. In eukaryotic cells (cells that package their DNA within a nucleus), chromosomes consist of very long linear double-stranded DNA molecules. During the S-phase of each cell cycle (Figure 1), all of the DNA in a cell is duplicated in order to provide one copy to each of the daughter cells", "title": "Replication timing" }, { "id": "5026635", "text": "DNA fragmentation DNA fragmentation is the separation or breaking of DNA strands into pieces. It can be done intentionally by laboratory personnel or by cells, or can occur spontaneously. Spontaneous or accidental DNA fragmentation is fragmentation that gradually accumulates in a cell. It can be measured by e.g. the Comet assay or by the TUNEL assay. Men with sperm motility defects often have high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation. The degree of DNA fragmentation in sperm cells can predict outcomes for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and its expansion intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD) and TUNEL", "title": "DNA fragmentation" }, { "id": "4167271", "text": "be scrutinized by a novel S-phase checkpoint. S phase S phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G phase and G phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved. Entry into S-phase is controlled by the G1 restriction point (R), which commits cells to the remainder of the cell-cycle if there is adequate nutrients and growth signaling. This transition is essentially irreversible; after passing the restriction point, the cell will progress through S-phase", "title": "S phase" }, { "id": "1784697", "text": "during pregnancy from a blood draw with no risk of miscarriage. Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. The DNA of an individual is the same in every somatic (nonreproductive) cell. Sexual reproduction brings the DNA of both parents together randomly to create a unique combination of genetic material in a new cell, so the genetic material of an individual is derived from the genetic material of both their parents in equal amounts. This genetic material is known as the nuclear genome", "title": "DNA paternity testing" }, { "id": "11163234", "text": "localizes to the nucleus, where the cyclin A2-CDK2 complex is implicated in the initiation and progression of DNA synthesis. Phosphorylation of CDC6 and MCM4 by the cyclin A2-CDK2 complex prevents re-replication of DNA during the cell cycle. Cyclin A2 is involved in the G2/M transition but it cannot independently form a maturation promoting factor (MPF). Recent studies have shown that the cyclin A2-CDK1 complex triggers cyclin B1-CDK1 activation which results in chromatin condensation and the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. The levels of cyclin A2 are tightly synchronized with the progression of the cell cycle. Transcription initiates in late G1,", "title": "Cyclin A2" }, { "id": "251318", "text": "of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The two meiotic divisions are known as Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Before meiosis begins, during S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA of each chromosome is replicated so that it consists of two identical sister chromatids, which remain held together through sister chromatid cohesion. This S-phase can be referred to as \"premeiotic S-phase\" or \"meiotic S-phase\". Immediately following DNA replication, meiotic cells enter a prolonged G2-like stage known as meiotic prophase. During this time, homologous chromosomes pair with each other and undergo genetic recombination, a programmed process in which DNA is", "title": "Meiosis" }, { "id": "2748697", "text": "to ATP. Immediately after a cell has divided, the level of active DnaA within the cell is low. Although the active form of DnaA requires ATP, the formation of the \"oriC\"/DnaA complex and subsequent DNA unwinding does not require ATP hydrolysis. The \"oriC\" site in \"E. coli\" has three AT rich 13 base pair regions (DUEs) followed by four 9 bp regions with the sequence TTAT(C or A)CA(C or A)A. Around 10 DnaA molecules bind to the 9 bp regions, which wrap around the proteins causing the DNA at the AT-rich region to unwind. There are 8 DnaA binding sites", "title": "DnaA" }, { "id": "4167261", "text": "S phase S phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G phase and G phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved. Entry into S-phase is controlled by the G1 restriction point (R), which commits cells to the remainder of the cell-cycle if there is adequate nutrients and growth signaling. This transition is essentially irreversible; after passing the restriction point, the cell will progress through S-phase even if environmental conditions become unfavorable. Accordingly,", "title": "S phase" }, { "id": "112524", "text": "the new helix will be composed of an original DNA strand as well as a newly synthesized strand. Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication. In a cell, DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome. Unwinding of DNA at the origin and synthesis of new strands, accommodated by an enzyme known as helicase, results in replication forks growing bi-directionally from the origin. A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. Most prominently, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new", "title": "DNA replication" }, { "id": "112523", "text": "DNA replication In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. This process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. The cell possesses the distinctive property of division, which makes replication of DNA essential. DNA is made up of a double helix of two complementary strands. During replication, these strands are separated. Each strand of the original DNA molecule then serves as a template for the production of its counterpart, a process referred to as semiconservative replication. As a result of semi-conservative replication,", "title": "DNA replication" }, { "id": "2748753", "text": "in humans. In the following table, ploidy, copy number and chromosome/chromatid counts are for one cell, generally prior to DNA synthesis and division (in G1 if applicable). The primary spermatocyte is arrested after DNA synthesis and prior to division. Spermatocytogenesis is the male form of gametocytogenesis and results in the formation of spermatocytes possessing half the normal complement of genetic material. In spermatocytogenesis, a diploid spermatogonium, which resides in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules, divides mitotically, producing two diploid intermediate cells called primary spermatocytes. Each primary spermatocyte then moves into the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules and", "title": "Spermatogenesis" }, { "id": "4909344", "text": "is irreversibly committed to preparing for DNA duplication. Further progression is regulated by intracellular mechanisms. Removal of stimulants before the cell reaches the R-point may result in the cell's reversion to quiescence. Under these conditions, cells are actually set back in the cell cycle, and will require additional time (about 8 hours more than the withdrawal time in culture) after passing the restriction point to enter S phase. Mitogen Signaling Growth factors (e.g., PDGF, FGF, and EGF) regulate entry of cells into the cell cycle and progression to the restriction point. After passing this switch-like “point of no return,” cell", "title": "Restriction point" }, { "id": "9606266", "text": "replication of cells. At this stage, the zygote starts producing its own mRNAs that are made from its own DNA, and no longer uses the maternal mRNA. This can also be called the maternal to zygotic transition. The maternal mRNAs are then degraded. Since the cells are now transcribing their own DNA, this stage is where expression of paternal genes is first observed. When the zygote begins to produce its own mRNA, the cell cycle begins to slow down and the G1 and G2 phases are added to the cell cycle. The addition of these phases allows the cell to", "title": "Midblastula" }, { "id": "20474987", "text": "Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve\" in December 2017, which was pre-recorded. The original Korean credits are adapted from the CD liner notes of \"\". The credits for the remix version are adapted from the CD liner notes of \"\". DNA (BTS song) \"DNA\" is a song recorded by South Korean boy group BTS for their fifth extended play \"\" and their third Korean-language compilation album \"\" (2018) . The song was first released by Big Hit on September 18, 2017 in South Korea. On December 6, 2017, it was released as a triple A-side single along with \"MIC Drop\" and", "title": "DNA (BTS song)" }, { "id": "4411540", "text": "has yet been elucidated. Biochemically, the end of G phase occurs when a threshold level of active cyclin B1/CDK1 complex, also known as Maturation promoting factor (MPF) has been reached. The activity of this complex is tightly regulated during G. In particular, the G checkpoint arrests cells in G in response to DNA damage through inhibitory regulation of CDK1. In vertebrate cells, the G/M DNA damage checkpoint consists of an arrest of the cell in G just before mitotic entry in response to genotoxic stress (such as UV radiation, oxidative stress, DNA intercalating agents, etc.) in both a p53-dependent and", "title": "G2 phase" }, { "id": "9237796", "text": "processes by protein-protein interaction (binding with proteins), transcriptional activation (promoting the production of proteins) and transcriptional repression (inhibiting the production of proteins). Cellular processes that Tax dysregulates to produce cancerous cells include the cell cycle and the maintenance of genomic integrity. The cell cycle has four stages (G1, S, G2 and M) and Tax is known to accelerate the transition between G1 and S phase. Two DNA repair pathways (base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair) are affected by Tax, leading to mutations in DNA; a classical hallmark of cancer. Tax also causes aneuploidy (abnormal chromosome numbers), which is a", "title": "Tax gene product" }, { "id": "10565438", "text": "Cell fusion Cell fusion is an important cellular process in which several uninuclear cells (cells with a single nucleus) combine to form a multinuclear cell, known as a syncytium. Cell fusion occurs during differentiation of muscle, bone and trophoblast cells, during embryogenesis, and during morphogenesis. Cell fusion is a necessary event in the maturation of cells so that they maintain their specific functions throughout growth. In 1847 Theodore Schwann expanded upon the theory that all living organisms are composed of cells when he added to it that discrete cells are the basis of life. Schwann observed that in certain cells", "title": "Cell fusion" }, { "id": "243958", "text": "an enzyme-catalyzed process called protein biosynthesis. A sequence of amino acids is assembled and joined together based upon gene expression of the cell's nucleic acid. In eukaryotic cells, these proteins may then be transported and processed through the Golgi apparatus in preparation for dispatch to their destination. Cells reproduce through a process of cell division in which the parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. For prokaryotes, cell division occurs through a process of fission in which the DNA is replicated, then the two copies are attached to parts of the cell membrane. In eukaryotes, a more complex", "title": "Life" }, { "id": "9564140", "text": "essential for growth of a particular organism or group of organisms (syntrophy). Bacterial growth follows four phases. When a population of bacteria first enter a high-nutrient environment that allows growth, the cells need to adapt to their new environment. The first phase of growth is the lag phase, a period of slow growth when the cells are adapting to the high-nutrient environment and preparing for fast growth. The lag phase has high biosynthesis rates, as proteins necessary for rapid growth are produced. The second phase of growth is the logarithmic phase, also known as the exponential phase. The log phase", "title": "Bacteria" }, { "id": "4451427", "text": "Megaloblastic anemia Megaloblastic anemia (or megaloblastic anaemia) is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis during red blood cell production. When DNA synthesis is impaired, the cell cycle cannot progress from the G2 growth stage to the mitosis (M) stage. This leads to continuing cell growth without division, which presents as macrocytosis. Megaloblastic anemia has a rather slow onset, especially when compared to that of other anemias. The defect in red cell DNA synthesis is most often due to hypovitaminosis, specifically vitamin B12 deficiency or folate deficiency. Loss of micronutrients may also be a cause.", "title": "Megaloblastic anemia" }, { "id": "8367513", "text": "In Norse mythology, Iðunn is described as providing the gods apples that grant them eternal youthfulness in the 13th century Prose Edda. An individual's DNA plays a role in the aging process. Aging begins even before birth, as soon as cells start to die and need to be replaced. On the ends of each chromosome are repetitive sequences of DNA, telomeres, that protect the chromosome from joining with other chromosomes, and have several key roles. One of these roles is to regulate cell division by allowing each cell division to remove a small amount of genetic code. The amount removed", "title": "Eternal youth" }, { "id": "563692", "text": "of protective response to influenza haemagglutinin was demonstrated in mice after gene gun delivery. Antibody-secreting cells migrate to the bone marrow and spleen for long-term antibody production, and generally localise there after one year. Comparisons of antibody responses generated by natural (viral) infection, immunization with recombinant protein and immunization with pDNA are summarised in Table 4. DNA-raised antibody responses rise much more slowly than when natural infection or recombinant protein immunization occurs. As many as 12 weeks may be required to reach peak titres in mice, although boosting can decrease the interval. This response is probably due to the low", "title": "DNA vaccination" }, { "id": "112525", "text": "strands by adding nucleotides that complement each (template) strand. DNA replication occurs during the S-stage of interphase. DNA replication (DNA amplification) can also be performed \"in vitro\" (artificially, outside a cell). DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used to initiate DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), ligase chain reaction (LCR), and transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) are examples. DNA exists as a double-stranded structure, with both strands coiled together to form the characteristic double-helix. Each single strand of DNA is a chain of four types of nucleotides. Nucleotides in", "title": "DNA replication" }, { "id": "16902245", "text": "to progress to mitosis. The three main checkpoints are at G1/s, G2/m, and at the spindle assembly checkpoint regulating progression through anaphase. G1 and G2 checkpoints involve scanning for damaged DNA. During S phase the cell is more vulnerable to DNA damage than any other part of the cell cycle. G2 checkpoint checks for damaged DNA and DNA replication completeness. DNA damage is an alteration in the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a base missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base as 8-OHdG. DNA damage can occur naturally", "title": "DNA damage (naturally occurring)" }, { "id": "14795958", "text": "appropriate solution conditions with the help of ions and other molecules. Usually, DNA condensation is defined as \"the collapse of extended DNA chains into compact, orderly particles containing only one or a few molecules\". This definition applies to many situations in vitro and is also close to the definition of DNA condensation in bacteria as \"adoption of relatively concentrated, compact state occupying a fraction of the volume available\". In eukaryotes, the DNA size and the number of other participating players are much larger, and a DNA molecule forms millions of ordered nucleoprotein particles, the nucleosomes, which is just the first", "title": "DNA condensation" }, { "id": "11720573", "text": "Melting curve analysis Melting curve analysis is an assessment of the dissociation characteristics of double-stranded DNA during heating. As the temperature is raised, the double strand begins to dissociate leading to a rise in the absorbance intensity, hyperchromicity. The temperature at which 50% of DNA is denatured is known as the melting temperature. The information gathered can be used to infer the presence and identity of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). This is because G-C base pairing have 3 hydrogen bonds between them while A-T base pairs have only 2. DNA with a higher G-C content, whether because of its source (G-C", "title": "Melting curve analysis" }, { "id": "16151269", "text": "DNA re-replication DNA re-replication (or simply rereplication) is an undesirable and possibly fatal occurrence in eukaryotic cells in which the genome is replicated more than once per cell cycle. Rereplication is believed to lead to genomic instability and has been implicated in the pathologies of a variety of human cancers. To prevent rereplication, eukaryotic cells have evolved multiple, overlapping mechanisms to inhibit chromosomal DNA from being partially or fully rereplicated in a given cell cycle. These control mechanisms rely on cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity. DNA replication control mechanisms cooperate to prevent the relicensing of replication origins and to activate cell", "title": "DNA re-replication" }, { "id": "2717893", "text": "DNA synthesis DNA synthesis is the natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. The term DNA synthesis can refer to DNA replication - DNA biosynthesis (\"in vivo\" DNA amplification), polymerase chain reaction - enzymatic DNA synthesis (\"in vitro\" DNA amplification) or gene synthesis - physically creating artificial gene sequences. In nature, DNA molecules are created by all living cells through the process of DNA replication, with replication initiator proteins splitting the cell's DNA and copying each split strand, with the copied strands then joining together with their template strand into a new DNA molecule. Various means exist to", "title": "DNA synthesis" }, { "id": "11873835", "text": "In hematopoiesis (blood cell formation), the process begins with long-term hematopoietic stem cells that self-renew and also produce progeny cells that upon further replication go through a series of stages leading to differentiated cells without self-renewal capacity. In mice, deficiencies in DNA repair appear to limit the capacity of hematopoietic stem cells to proliferate and self-renew with age. Sharpless and Depinho reviewed evidence that hematopoietic stem cells, as well as stem cells in other tissues, undergo intrinsic aging. They speculated that stem cells grow old, in part, as a result of DNA damage. DNA damage may trigger signalling pathways, such", "title": "DNA damage theory of aging" }, { "id": "14545946", "text": "symptoms of hypotension. During pregnancy the plasma volume increases by 40-50% and the red blood cell volume increases only by 20–30%. These changes occur mostly in the second trimester and prior to 32 weeks gestation. Due to dillution, the net result is a decrease in hematocrit or hemoglobin, which are measures of red blood cell concentration. Erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production, increases throughout pregnancy and reaches approximately 150 percent of their pregnancy levels at term. The slight drop in hematocrit or hemoglobin is most pronounced at the end of the second trimester and slowly improves when reaching term.", "title": "Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy" }, { "id": "2326607", "text": "ring within the equatorial region of the cell membrane that constricts to form the cleavage furrow. In plant cells, Golgi vesicle secretions form a cell plate or septum on the equatorial plane of the cell wall by the action of microtubules of the phragmoplast. The cleavage furrow in animal cells and the phragmoplast in plant cells are complex structures made up of microtubules and microfilaments that aide in the final separation of the cells into two identical daughter cells. The cell cycle begins with interphase when the DNA replicates, the cell grows and prepares to enter mitosis. Mitosis includes four", "title": "Cleavage furrow" }, { "id": "7285170", "text": "or even thousands, of origins of replication spread across multiple chromosomes. DNA structure varies with time, space, and sequence, and it is thought that these variations, in addition to their role in gene expression, also play active roles in replisome assembly during DNA synthesis. Replisome assembly at an origin of replication is roughly divided into three phases. For prokaryotes: For eukaryotes: For both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the next stage is generally referred to as 'elongation', and it is during this phase that the majority of DNA synthesis occurs. DNA is a duplex formed by two anti-parallel strands. Following Meselson-Stahl, the", "title": "Replisome" }, { "id": "2997662", "text": "Hypertrophy Hypertrophy (, from Greek ὑπέρ \"excess\" + τροφή \"nourishment\") is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but increase in number. Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally-induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy. Eccentric hypertrophy is a type of hypertrophy where the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth in which the overall", "title": "Hypertrophy" }, { "id": "8933860", "text": "Cdc6, Tah11 (a.k.a. Cdt1), and the Mcm2-Mcm7 complex. Pre-RC assembly during G1 is required for replication licensing of chromosomes prior to DNA synthesis during S phase. Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of Orc2, Orc6, Cdc6, and MCM by the cyclin-dependent protein kinase Cdc28 regulates initiation of DNA replication, including blocking reinitiation in G2/M phase. The ORC is present throughout the cell cycle bound to replication origins, but is only active in late mitosis and early G1. In yeast, ORC also plays a role in the establishment of silencing at the mating-type loci Hidden MAT Left (HML) and Hidden MAT Right (HMR). ORC", "title": "Origin recognition complex" }, { "id": "9714965", "text": "used definitions: The net reproductive rate \"R\" is the number of offspring an individual is expected to produce during its lifetime (a net reproductive rate of 1 means that the population is at its demographic equilibrium). This definition envisions the generation time as a renewal time of the population. It justifies the very simple definition used in microbiology (\"the time it takes for the population to double\", or doubling time) since one can consider that during the exponential phase of bacterial growth mortality is very low and as a result a bacterium is expected to be replaced by two bacteria", "title": "Generation time" } ]

[ "May 22, 2018" ]

[ { "id": "19411904", "text": "NCIS (season 15) The fifteenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 26, 2017, in the same time slot as in the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 PM. The season premiere was watched by 17.42 milion viewers, picking up two months after Gibbs and McGee were last seen fighting a group of rebels in Paraguay and focused on the aftermath of those events. The season concluded on May 22, 2018 and contained 24 episodes. \"NCIS\" revolves around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S.", "title": "NCIS (season 15)" }, { "id": "18050925", "text": "later not picked up by CBS. , 696 episodes of the \"NCIS\" franchise have aired. The main \"NCIS\" series is the longest-running show of the franchise which began its sixteenth season on September 25, 2018. \"NCIS\", voted America's favorite Television Series in 2011, finished its tenth season as the most-watched television series in the U.S. during 2012–13 and is broadcast in over 200 territories worldwide. As of the end of the 2014–15 TV season, \"NCIS\" remains TV's most watched drama series. Spin-off \"NCIS: New Orleans\" ended its first season as the second most watched drama on CBS, and the fifth", "title": "NCIS (franchise)" }, { "id": "17840283", "text": "series for a third season, which premiered on September 20, 2016. Show creator and executive producer Gary Glasberg, age 50, died unexpectedly on September 28, 2016. On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 26, 2017. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on September 25, 2018. Scott Bakula was cast as the series lead on February 2014 with CCH Pounder, Zoe McLellan and Lucas Black joining soon thereafter. Rob Kerkovich joined the cast in July. He was the final original cast member to join", "title": "NCIS: New Orleans" }, { "id": "16612719", "text": "Till Death Do Us Part (NCIS) \"Till Death Do Us Part\" is the 24th and final episode of the ninth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 210th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on May 15, 2012. The episode is written by Gary Glasberg and directed by Tony Wharmby, and was seen by 19.05 million viewers. In the episode, NCIS is threatened by terrorism while Jimmy Palmer's wedding occurs. With Director Leon Vance reported missing, the NCIS team is called out to where his car has been found unoccupied. After investigating", "title": "Till Death Do Us Part (NCIS)" }, { "id": "19411901", "text": "NCIS (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 20, 2016, in the same time slot as in the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. The season concluded on May 16, 2017. \"NCIS\" revolves around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The series was renewed for fourteenth and fifteenth seasons by CBS on Monday, February 29, 2016. The series was renewed for fourteenth and fifteenth seasons by CBS on Monday, February 29, 2016. Production on this", "title": "NCIS (season 14)" }, { "id": "19411907", "text": "when Bello's character premieres. In another central casting announcement, \"TV Line\" reported on October 4, 2017, that founding NCIS actress Pauley Perrette will be leaving the role of \"Abby Sciuto\" after the conclusion of season fifteen. Perrette's final episode was episode 22, which aired on May 8, 2018. Also, in this episode, Duane Henry (Clayton Reeves) was written off the show. NCIS was renewed for a sixteenth season on April 13, 2018, following a deal with Mark Harmon to return for an additional two years. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Season 15 was praised for its sharp cases and bringing new life into", "title": "NCIS (season 15)" }, { "id": "14611108", "text": "cracking the Top 30 in the first two seasons, the third season showed progress, consistently ranking in the top 20, and by its sixth season, it became a top five hit, having remained there since. In 2011, \"NCIS\" was voted America's favorite television show in an online Harris Poll. The series finished its tenth season as the most-watched television series in the U.S. during the 2012–13 TV season. On April 13, 2018, \"NCIS\" was renewed for a sixteenth season, that premiered on September 25, 2018. Diona Reasonover joined the main cast in Season 16, following the departures of Duane Henry", "title": "NCIS (TV series)" }, { "id": "5040584", "text": "seventh season began airing in October 2016. The eighth season, consisting of 12 episodes, went into production in May 2017; it premiered on November 5, 2017. The series was renewed for a ninth season which premiered on September 9, 2018. Monaghan announced via Instagram that he would be leaving the series following the sixth episode of the ninth season. In addition to his role on \"Shameless\", Monaghan has continued to appear in a variety of episodic television roles. In 2011, he guest-starred as Nick Peyton, a teenage boy accused of murdering his Marine father, on the CBS crime series \"NCIS\".", "title": "Cameron Monaghan" }, { "id": "16612729", "text": "some flaws, but the entire season-ending arc was first-rate, with terrific performances by the cast members tonight in particular and a cliffhanger that left us on the edge of our collective seat and with much to discuss in the months ahead as we await the start of Season 10\". Till Death Do Us Part (NCIS) \"Till Death Do Us Part\" is the 24th and final episode of the ninth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 210th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on May 15, 2012. The episode is written by", "title": "Till Death Do Us Part (NCIS)" }, { "id": "18839302", "text": "NCIS (season 13) The thirteenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 22, 2015, in the same time slot as in the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. \"NCIS\" revolves around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The series was renewed for a thirteenth season by CBS on Monday, May 11, 2015. Michael Weatherly, who stars as Anthony DiNozzo on the show, departed the series in the season finale. On February 29, 2016, \"NCIS\" was renewed for seasons fourteen", "title": "NCIS (season 13)" }, { "id": "17205142", "text": "in episode nine, \"Gut Check\". Scott Bakula was considered for an undisclosed recurring role this season. He was later cast as Dwayne Pride in \"\". <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Works cited General references NCIS (season 11) The eleventh season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 24, 2013, in the same time slot as the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. Special Agent Ziva David (de Pablo), departs during the season with her final appearance being in \"Past, Present and Future\". The episode \"Crescent City (Part I)\", which aired on March 25, 2014, serves as the first of a two-part", "title": "NCIS (season 11)" }, { "id": "19411909", "text": "upticks from the previous season. Season 15 of \"NCIS\" was CBS's most watched and highest rated drama on their network for another year. Whilst being the most watched drama nationally, beating out NBC's megahit \"This Is Us\" and ABC's \"The Good Doctor\", it also finished as the sixth most watched television program overall for 2017–2018 season. A DVD and BluRay of the fifteenth season of NCIS was announced for August 21, 2018. NCIS (season 15) The fifteenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 26, 2017, in the same time slot as in the previous seasons,", "title": "NCIS (season 15)" }, { "id": "14611106", "text": "NCIS (TV series) NCIS is an American action police procedural television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which investigates crimes involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The concept and characters were initially introduced in two episodes of the CBS series \"JAG\" (season eight episodes 20 and 21: \"Ice Queen\" and \"Meltdown\"). The show, a spin-off from \"JAG\", premiered on September 23, 2003, on CBS. To date it has aired fifteen full seasons and has gone into broadcast syndication on the USA Network. Donald P. Bellisario and Don McGill are co-creators", "title": "NCIS (TV series)" }, { "id": "17205137", "text": "NCIS (season 11) The eleventh season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 24, 2013, in the same time slot as the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. Special Agent Ziva David (de Pablo), departs during the season with her final appearance being in \"Past, Present and Future\". The episode \"Crescent City (Part I)\", which aired on March 25, 2014, serves as the first of a two-part backdoor pilot of a second spin off from \"NCIS\" called \"\" based in New Orleans. On February 1, 2013, CBS renewed \"NCIS\" for this season. The same date Mark Harmon extended", "title": "NCIS (season 11)" }, { "id": "18839304", "text": "Sonja Percy, respectively. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> General NCIS (season 13) The thirteenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 22, 2015, in the same time slot as in the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. \"NCIS\" revolves around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which conducts criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The series was renewed for a thirteenth season by CBS on Monday, May 11, 2015. Michael Weatherly, who stars as Anthony DiNozzo on the show, departed the series in the season finale. On February 29, 2016,", "title": "NCIS (season 13)" }, { "id": "14611114", "text": "2009, Gary Glasberg joined the crew and became the new \"day-to-day\" runner of \"NCIS\", as Shane Brennan had to focus on his new show, the spin-off \"\". On September 28, 2016, Glasberg died in his sleep at the age of 68. On April 5, 2016, long-time director Dennis Smith announced he had completed his final episode as part of the \"NCIS\" crew, though to which episode he was referring was not specified. Two episodes of \"JAG\" season 8, \"Ice Queen\" and \"Meltdown\", serve as the back-door pilot of \"NCIS\" itself. These \"JAG\" episodes introduced Mark Harmon as Gibbs, Michael Weatherly", "title": "NCIS (TV series)" }, { "id": "14611118", "text": "Meredith Eaton, Joe Spano, Diane Neal, and Leslie Hope have all guest-starred on \"NCIS: New Orleans\". \"NCIS\" airs on Network Ten and TV Hits (formerly TV1) in Australia, Global (syndicated on Showcase and Lifetime) in Canada, TV3 and The Box in New Zealand, Seriale+ (premieres), TVN (free-TV premieres), TVN7 (reruns), AXN (reruns) and TV Puls (reruns) in Poland, and Fox, CBS Action, Universal, Channel 5 and 5USA in the United Kingdom. The first 11 seasons of \"NCIS\" have been released in Regions 1, 2, and 4. In Germany (Region 2), seasons 1–4 and 5–8 were released in two separate sets", "title": "NCIS (TV series)" }, { "id": "18312537", "text": "NCIS (season 12) The twelfth season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 23, 2014, in the same time slot as in the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. This is the first season in which \"\" did not air after \"NCIS\". This season, \"\" aired after \"NCIS\". The entire season eleven cast renewed their contracts and returned for the new season. The premiere episode aired on September 23, 2014 and was seen by 18.23 million people. The main antagonist of the season is Sergei Mishnev, played by Alex Veadov. This character first appears in the premiere episode", "title": "NCIS (season 12)" }, { "id": "19411902", "text": "season started in late July. On January 5, 2016, CBS announced Michael Weatherly's departure from the series after thirteen seasons, which occurred in the Season 13 finale, \"Family First\". After Weatherly's exit, two new actors joined the cast as agents: Wilmer Valderrama, on June 16, 2016; and Jennifer Esposito, on July 11. In addition, July 11 also saw Duane Henry, who had appeared in the last two episodes of Season 13 as MI6 Officer Clayton Reeves, promoted to series regular. Sarah Clarke, who had appeared in the last 2 episodes of Season 13 as FBI Special Agent Tess Monroe, with", "title": "NCIS (season 14)" }, { "id": "19411905", "text": "Navy and Marine Corps. The series was renewed for fourteenth and fifteenth seasons by CBS on Monday, February 29, 2016. The series was renewed for fourteenth and fifteenth seasons by CBS on Monday, February 29, 2016. It was announced that Jennifer Esposito, who portrayed NCIS agent Alexandra Quinn, had departed and would be replaced by Maria Bello as Agent Jackie Sloane — a new series regular, beginning with episode 15:5. Bello inked a three-year deal to remain with show through until the end of its seventeenth season. Production began in July 2017 with the rest of cast members returning. Showrunners", "title": "NCIS (season 15)" }, { "id": "12498823", "text": "Last Man Standing (NCIS) \"Last Man Standing\" is the first episode of the sixth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 114th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on September 23, 2008. The episode is written by Shane Brennan and directed by Tony Wharmby, and was seen live by 18.03 million viewers. In the fifth-season finale, Lauren Holly's character, Director Jenny Shepard, was killed off in a gun fight following Holly's decision to leave the show. Shortly afterwards, the new director disbands the team, presumably as a form of punishment for failing", "title": "Last Man Standing (NCIS)" }, { "id": "9672958", "text": "Hiatus (NCIS) \"Hiatus (Part I)\" and \"Hiatus (Part II)\" are the 23rd and 24th episodes of the third season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 69th and 70th episodes overall. They originally aired on CBS in the United States on May 9 and May 16, 2006. Both episodes are written by Donald Bellisario, the show's creator and executive producer at the time, and directed by Dennis Smith. They were seen live by 15.17 million and 16.49 million views respectively. \"Hiatus\" is a two-part story arc covering the third \"NCIS\" season finale. It involves lead character Gibbs (Mark", "title": "Hiatus (NCIS)" }, { "id": "14611127", "text": "awards and nominations since it premiered on September 23, 2003, including the ALMA Awards, ASCAP Awards, BMI Film & TV Awards, Emmy Awards, and People's Choice Awards. NCIS (TV series) NCIS is an American action police procedural television series, revolving around a fictional team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service, which investigates crimes involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The concept and characters were initially introduced in two episodes of the CBS series \"JAG\" (season eight episodes 20 and 21: \"Ice Queen\" and \"Meltdown\"). The show, a spin-off from \"JAG\", premiered on September 23, 2003, on", "title": "NCIS (TV series)" }, { "id": "17840280", "text": "NCIS: New Orleans NCIS: New Orleans is an American television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres that premiered on Tuesday, September 23, 2014, following its parent series \"NCIS\". The pilot was written by Gary Glasberg. The series stars Scott Bakula and CCH Pounder, and is executively produced by Glasberg, Mark Harmon, James Hayman and Chris Silber. The series is set and filmed in New Orleans. It is the third series of the \"NCIS\" franchise. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season. The season premiered on September 25, 2018. \"NCIS: New", "title": "NCIS: New Orleans" }, { "id": "10203521", "text": "Angel of Death (NCIS) \"Angel of Death \" is the 24th episode of the fourth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 94th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on May 22, 2007 and was seen by 14.14 million viewers. \"Angel of Death\" marks finale of the fourth season and the departure of series creator Donald P. Bellisario, who wrote the script for the episode. The storyline revolves around the dubious circumstances of Jasper Shepard's death, the nature of Tony's relationship with arms dealer La Grenouille's daughter, Dr. Jeanne Benoit, and the", "title": "Angel of Death (NCIS)" }, { "id": "12498831", "text": "that she was the mole. The episode was written by Shane Brennan, who was executive producer at the time, and directed by Tony Wharmby. The premiere date was announced on June 26, 2008. \"NCIS\" underwent casting changes, some brief and others permanent, to accommodate the plot; Rocky Carroll was promoted to a series regular to replace Lauren Holly's character as the agency's director. Several weeks before \"Last Man Standing\" aired, it was announced that Jonathan Mangum, Liza Lapira and Jonathan LaPaglia would appear as Gibbs' replacement team, playing the roles of NCIS agents Daniel T. Keating, Michelle Lee, and Brent", "title": "Last Man Standing (NCIS)" }, { "id": "18312541", "text": "last week of July. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> The season airs simultaneously on Global in Canada. It began airing on September 30, 2014 on Network Ten in Australia. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it premiered on January 9, 2015 on Fox. General NCIS (season 12) The twelfth season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 23, 2014, in the same time slot as in the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. This is the first season in which \"\" did not air after \"NCIS\". This season, \"\" aired after \"NCIS\". The entire season eleven cast renewed their contracts and", "title": "NCIS (season 12)" }, { "id": "9996016", "text": "Twilight (NCIS) \"Twilight\" is the 23rd and last episode in the second season, and the 46th overall episode, of the American crime drama television series \"NCIS\". It first aired on CBS in the United States on May 24, 2005. The episode is written by John Kelley and directed by Thomas J. Wright, and was seen by 14.74 million viewers. With Ari Haswari back in the country again and out to kill Gibbs, the team find themselves attempting to stop Ari from completing the task. In the meantime, they also try to find out who killed two off-duty sailors whose deaths", "title": "Twilight (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17840286", "text": "New Orleans\" airs simultaneously on Global in Canada. In Australia, the series premiered on Network Ten on October 7, 2014. The series has been sold to Channel 5 in the United Kingdom, which premiered it on February 13, 2015. From season 4 onwards, the series will premiere on Fox UK on Fridays at 9PM starting on July 20, 2018. The series has also been sold to Prime in New Zealand and Fox in Asia. On April 2, 2015, the series began airing on South Africa's M-Net cable TV service and is broadcast to several other sub-Saharan African nations via DStv.", "title": "NCIS: New Orleans" }, { "id": "14611126", "text": "stars Scott Bakula as Special Agent Dwayne Cassius Pride, Lucas Black as Special Agent Christopher LaSalle, Zoe McLellan as Special Agent Meredith \"Merri\" Brody, Rob Kerkovich as Sebastian Lund, and CCH Pounder as Dr. Loretta Wade. Daryl \"Chill\" Mitchell, Shalita Grant and Vanessa Ferlito joined the main cast later, portraying computer specialist Patton Plame, Special Agent Sonja Percy, and Special Agent Tammy Gregorio, respectively. On May 9, 2014, \"NCIS: New Orleans\" was picked up by CBS and was renewed for a second season on January 12, 2015. \"NCIS\" and \"NCIS: New Orleans\" have had two crossovers. \"NCIS\" has received many", "title": "NCIS (TV series)" }, { "id": "14611107", "text": "and executive producers of the premiere member of the \"NCIS\" franchise. It is the second-longest-running scripted, non-animated U.S. primetime TV series currently airing, surpassed only by \"\" (1999–present), and is the 7th-longest-running scripted U.S. primetime TV series overall. \"NCIS\" was originally referred to as Navy NCIS during season one; \"Navy\" was later dropped from the title as it was redundant (the \"N\" in \"NCIS\" stands for \"Naval\"). In season six, a two-part episode led to a spin-off series, \"\". A two-part episode during the eleventh season led to a second spin-off series, \"\". While initially slow in the ratings, barely", "title": "NCIS (TV series)" }, { "id": "5905800", "text": "on other life-threatening situations, but are recounted in the same manner. \"48 Hours: NCIS\" utilizes a similar format to the standard, although it instead features real life cases from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service. Rocky Carroll, who plays NCIS director Leon Vance on \"NCIS\", narrates these episodes, which aired on April 25, May 12, and May 23-June 13, 2017, all of which except for May 12 being on Tuesdays. As of 2018, it is in its second season. The program has received over 20 Emmy Awards, two Peabody Awards (one in 2000 for the report \"Heroes Under Fire\" and one", "title": "48 Hours (TV program)" }, { "id": "17179478", "text": "Aliyah (NCIS) \"Aliyah\" is the twenty-fifth and final episode of the sixth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 138th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on May 19, 2009. The episode is written by David North and directed by Dennis Smith, and was seen live by 16.51 million viewers. \"Aliyah\" picks up following a cliff-hanger in the previous episode, \"Semper Fidelis\", in which Tony DiNozzo fatally shoots Ziva David's Mossad boyfriend, Michael Rivkin, in self-defense. It also follows the \"Legend\" storyline, culminating in Ziva's departure from NCIS and eventual captivity in", "title": "Aliyah (NCIS)" }, { "id": "18839303", "text": "and fifteen. The series was renewed for a thirteenth season by CBS on Monday, May 11, 2015. Production on this season started in late July. On January 5, 2016, CBS announced Weatherly's departure from the series after thirteen seasons. Scottie Thompson returned as Jeanne Benoit, Tony's ex-girlfriend, in episode 8. She returned later on in the season. Scott Bakula, Lucas Black, Zoe McLellan, and Shalita Grant star in a crossover with \"\", in the episode \"Sister City (Part I)\", as NCIS Special Agent Dwayne Pride, NCIS Special Agent Christopher LaSalle, NCIS Special Agent Meredith \"Merri\" Brody, and NCIS Special Agent", "title": "NCIS (season 13)" }, { "id": "16306818", "text": "One Last Score \"One Last Score\" is the 17th episode in the eighth season, and the 179th overall episode, of the American crime drama television series \"NCIS\". It first aired on CBS in the United States on March 1, 2011. The episode was written by Jesse Stern and directed by Michael Weatherly, and was seen by 19.21 million viewers. In the episode, the team must investigate the death of a former NCIS investigative assistant, while a new NCIS agent is coming back to the Navy Yard. The episode marks the directing debut for Michael Weatherly, who also portrays Special agent", "title": "One Last Score" }, { "id": "19411921", "text": "NCIS: New Orleans (season 3) The third season of \"\" premiered on CBS on September 20, 2016 with a time slot change from Tuesdays at 9:00 p.m. to Tuesdays at 10:00 p.m. to make room for new series \"Bull\". The season contained 24 episodes. This was the last season with Gary Glasberg as the showrunner as he died during production of the season. The season concluded on May 16, 2017. On March 25, 2016, \"NCIS: New Orleans\" was renewed for a third season, that premiered on September 20, 2016. Zoe McLellan, who plays Agent Brody leaves \"for creative reasons\" and", "title": "NCIS: New Orleans (season 3)" }, { "id": "16343231", "text": "Need to Know (NCIS) \"Need to Know\" is the 17th episode of the ninth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 203rd episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on February 28, 2012. The episode is written by George Schenck & Frank Cardea and directed by Michelle MacLaren, and was seen by 18.20 million viewers. In the episode, a Chief Petty Officer is murdered right before Gibbs' eyes when he is about to reveal information connected to an international arms dealer. When Chief Petty Officer Wiley is murdered before he can divulge information", "title": "Need to Know (NCIS)" }, { "id": "9996029", "text": "life, but was saved by her bulletproof vest. After Gibbs and DiNozzo help her to her feet a bullet from a sniper rifle, fired by the terrorist Ari Haswari, pierces through her forehead killing her instantly as a stunned Gibbs and DiNozzo look on. Almost seven full years later this is still maybe the most riveting ending to a television episode and season that I've ever seen. Twilight (NCIS) \"Twilight\" is the 23rd and last episode in the second season, and the 46th overall episode, of the American crime drama television series \"NCIS\". It first aired on CBS in the", "title": "Twilight (NCIS)" }, { "id": "16877870", "text": "Freedom (NCIS) \"Freedom\" is the 13th episode of the eighth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 175th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on February 1, 2011. The episode is written by Nicole Mirante-Matthews and directed by Craig Ross, Jr., and was seen by 22.85 million viewers. \"Freedom\" was the most watched episode of \"NCIS\" at the time, surpassing the record of 21.93 millions viewers reached earlier in 2011. It was later surpassed by the season ten episode \"Shiva\", which was watched by 22.86 million viewers. The team investigates the murder", "title": "Freedom (NCIS)" }, { "id": "13173135", "text": "NCIS (season 5) The fifth season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 25, 2007 and marks the end of Donald P. Bellisario's involvement as show runner. The new showrunner, starting from this season, is Shane Brennan. It concludes the La Grenouille storyline which ended with a cliffhanger in season four's finale, \"Angel of Death\". This season also reveals more background information about Gibbs. The Writers Guild strike limited episode production and the DVD set had five discs instead of six. The season ended with its 19th episode on May 20, 2008; the strike-caused gap is between episodes", "title": "NCIS (season 5)" }, { "id": "18312539", "text": "by Tobias Fornell, who was also married to Diane at one point and who was dealing with intense grief and depression following Diane's murder. It is revealed that Sergei and Ari Haswari are half brothers from Ari's mother, whereas Ari and Ziva David were half brother and sister from their father, Eli David. On March 13, 2014, CBS renewed \"NCIS\" for this season. On June 11, 2014, at the Cannes Film Festival, NCIS was awarded the honor of being the most-watched drama in the world, with 57.6 million viewers worldwide. Gary Glasberg, the executive producer of the show, said, \"As", "title": "NCIS (season 12)" }, { "id": "17369358", "text": "Damned If You Do (NCIS) \"Damned If You Do\" is the 24th episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 234th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on May 14, 2013. The episode is written by Gary Glasberg and directed by Tony Wharmby, and was seen by 18.79 million viewers. In the aftermath of Gibbs' arrest, the DoD Office of the Inspector General broadens their investigation into NCIS, placing the future of the entire agency in jeopardy. While the team believes that the investigating agent is looking to capitalize", "title": "Damned If You Do (NCIS)" }, { "id": "16457160", "text": "NCIS (season 10) The tenth season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 25, 2012, in the same time slot as the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. The season premiere was seen by 20.48 million viewers, focusing on the aftermath of the bombing of the Navy Yard from the season-nine finale and concluding with the discovery of the whereabouts of Harper Dearing, who is subsequently killed by Gibbs. The season continues with mostly standalone episodes until the \"Shabbat Shalom\" and \"Shiva\" story arc, which focuses on the deaths of Eli David and Jackie Vance and sets the", "title": "NCIS (season 10)" }, { "id": "16457167", "text": "NCIS (season 10) The tenth season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 25, 2012, in the same time slot as the previous seasons, Tuesdays at 8 pm. The season premiere was seen by 20.48 million viewers, focusing on the aftermath of the bombing of the Navy Yard from the season-nine finale and concluding with the discovery of the whereabouts of Harper Dearing, who is subsequently killed by Gibbs. The season continues with mostly standalone episodes until the \"Shabbat Shalom\" and \"Shiva\" story arc, which focuses on the deaths of Eli David and Jackie Vance and sets the", "title": "NCIS (season 10)" }, { "id": "13091892", "text": "NCIS: Los Angeles NCIS: Los Angeles is an American action television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres, which premiered on CBS on September 22, 2009, and stars Chris O'Donnell and LL Cool J. The series follows the exploits of the Los Angeles–based Office of Special Projects (OSP), an elite division of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service that specializes in undercover assignments. \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" is the first spin-off of the successful series \"NCIS\". On March 23, 2017, CBS renewed the series for a ninth season which premiered on October 1, 2017. Nia Long joined the", "title": "NCIS: Los Angeles" }, { "id": "19411922", "text": "Vanessa Ferlito joins the cast as Special Agent Tammy Gregorio, a series regular. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> NCIS: New Orleans (season 3) The third season of \"\" premiered on CBS on September 20, 2016 with a time slot change from Tuesdays at 9:00 p.m. to Tuesdays at 10:00 p.m. to make room for new series \"Bull\". The season contained 24 episodes. This was the last season with Gary Glasberg as the showrunner as he died during production of the season. The season concluded on May 16, 2017. On March 25, 2016, \"NCIS: New Orleans\" was renewed for a third season, that premiered on", "title": "NCIS: New Orleans (season 3)" }, { "id": "17840289", "text": "It has always been here. It forever will be.\" NCIS: New Orleans NCIS: New Orleans is an American television series combining elements of the military drama and police procedural genres that premiered on Tuesday, September 23, 2014, following its parent series \"NCIS\". The pilot was written by Gary Glasberg. The series stars Scott Bakula and CCH Pounder, and is executively produced by Glasberg, Mark Harmon, James Hayman and Chris Silber. The series is set and filmed in New Orleans. It is the third series of the \"NCIS\" franchise. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a fifth season.", "title": "NCIS: New Orleans" }, { "id": "17369366", "text": "of government documents.\" Damned If You Do (NCIS) \"Damned If You Do\" is the 24th episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 234th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on May 14, 2013. The episode is written by Gary Glasberg and directed by Tony Wharmby, and was seen by 18.79 million viewers. In the aftermath of Gibbs' arrest, the DoD Office of the Inspector General broadens their investigation into NCIS, placing the future of the entire agency in jeopardy. While the team believes that the investigating agent is", "title": "Damned If You Do (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17840284", "text": "the series, though Daryl Mitchell and Shalita Grant joined the series as regulars during season 2. Both had recurred previously. In July 2016, Zoe McLellan, who plays Special Agent Meredith Brody, left the series \"for creative reasons\", and Vanessa Ferlito joined the cast as FBI Special Agent Tammy Gregorio, a series regular. On February 2, 2018, it was announced that Shalita Grant would leave the series in the 17th episode of season 4; she would ultimately depart in the 19th episode. On August 24, 2018, it was announced that Necar Zadegan would join the cast as Special Agent Hannah Khoury", "title": "NCIS: New Orleans" }, { "id": "19411903", "text": "a series regular option for Season 14, was not retained. Upon completing production of the season, it was announced Jennifer Esposito would not return for Season 15. During production of this season, the showrunner Gary Glasberg died in his sleep on September 28, 2016. Thereafter, George Schenck and Frank Cardea, were both appointed as the new showrunners. Schenck and Cardea have been writers of \"NCIS\" since the beginning of the series. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> NCIS (season 14) The fourteenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 20, 2016, in the same time slot as in the previous", "title": "NCIS (season 14)" }, { "id": "16934753", "text": "Gone (NCIS) \"Gone\" is the eighth episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 218th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on November 27, 2012. The episode is written by Reed Steiner and Scott Williams and directed by James Whitmore, Jr., and was seen by 19.76 million viewers. A Naval Officer is murdered while attempting to prevent the kidnapping of his teenage daughter Lydia and her friend Rosie. Lydia escapes but witnesses the murder and Rosie is taken. The team begins a search for the girl, at first suspecting", "title": "Gone (NCIS)" }, { "id": "14708690", "text": "both teams. The finale aired on May 17, 2011. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> NCIS (season 8) The eighth season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 21, 2010 in the same time slot as the previous season. The season story arc involves Ziva's largely-unseen boyfriend, Ray, and the CIA continuing to meddle in NCIS's day-to-day workings. Notable events include the terrorism and internal affairs threat during the \"Enemies\" two-parter, and the arrival of another Major Case Response Team from Rota, Spain, the team that Tony was offered to be lead of in the beginning of season four. The season ends", "title": "NCIS (season 8)" }, { "id": "9672979", "text": "for the beaches of Mexico. 'Hiatus' also marked the debut of \"NCIS\" favorite recurring character Mike Franks as Gibbs former boss and closest friend.\" Hiatus (NCIS) \"Hiatus (Part I)\" and \"Hiatus (Part II)\" are the 23rd and 24th episodes of the third season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 69th and 70th episodes overall. They originally aired on CBS in the United States on May 9 and May 16, 2006. Both episodes are written by Donald Bellisario, the show's creator and executive producer at the time, and directed by Dennis Smith. They were seen live by 15.17", "title": "Hiatus (NCIS)" }, { "id": "14611122", "text": "\"NCIS\" spin-off series with the title \"\", with the backdoor pilot, \"Legend\", airing on April 28, 2009, and May 5, 2009. The backdoor pilot introduced Chris O'Donnell as Special Agent G. Callen, LL Cool J as Special Agent Sam Hanna, Louise Lombard as Special Agent Lara Macy, Peter Cambor as Operational Psychologist Nate Getz: and Daniela Ruah as Special Agent Kensi Blye. The crew for the series includes Michael B. Kaplan, Lev L. Spiro, Jerry London, Sheldon Epps, and Mark Saraceni. Following the show's official pick-up by CBS, it was confirmed that Louise Lombard had not been signed to continue", "title": "NCIS (TV series)" }, { "id": "16343237", "text": "episode from start to finish, blending just the right portions of all the things we've grown to love about the show. I hope we get more like it coming down the home stretch of this season\". Need to Know (NCIS) \"Need to Know\" is the 17th episode of the ninth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 203rd episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on February 28, 2012. The episode is written by George Schenck & Frank Cardea and directed by Michelle MacLaren, and was seen by 18.20 million viewers. In the", "title": "Need to Know (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17626166", "text": "Oil & Water (NCIS) \"Oil & Water\" is the sixth episode of the eleventh season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 240th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on October 29, 2013. The episode is written by Jennifer Corbett and directed by Tom Wright, and was seen by 19.30 million viewers. Abby and McGee arrive to work only to find themselves victims of a Halloween prankster. A routine drill on an off-shore oil drilling platform turns into reality when it is bombed and the NCIS team is called to the oil rig", "title": "Oil & Water (NCIS)" }, { "id": "18312540", "text": "NCIS enters its 12th season, we couldn't be happier to learn we're now the #1 drama in the world. It's no secret that determination and teamwork have allowed our cast and crew to continue to deliver a show we're truly proud of. We also know we wouldn’t be here without the support and loyalty of the best fans in television. Thanks to our worldwide audience for helping us start the new season off right.\" In the first half of July 2014, the cast was given the script for the premiere episode, \"Twenty Klicks\". Filming began on this episode in the", "title": "NCIS (season 12)" }, { "id": "13173136", "text": "11 and 12. The season ended with a two-part season finale called \"Judgment Day\". The season featured the departure of recurring characters Colonel Hollis Mann and Jeanne Benoit, as well as the death of Jenny Shepard, one of the main characters. From this season on, the opening sequence was shortened to 30 seconds instead of the normal 37–44 seconds that was present in the previous seasons. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> NCIS (season 5) The fifth season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 25, 2007 and marks the end of Donald P. Bellisario's involvement as show runner. The new showrunner,", "title": "NCIS (season 5)" }, { "id": "12498835", "text": "jazz music to sing along to and that in itself is such a different thing for the character.\" De Pablo later did a full performance of \"Temptation\" that was released with the \"NCIS: The Official TV Soundtrack\" album on February 10, 2009. \"Last Man Standing\" was seen live by 18.03 million viewers. As a result, it was up in viewers compared to the previous episode, the fifth-season finale, as well as the most watched CBS primetime show during the week of September 22–28, 2008. Shortly after the episode aired, it was reported, \"NCIS has been a consistent ratings leader and", "title": "Last Man Standing (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17288460", "text": "a car accident, Ziva doesn't let that [stop her] from going after Bodnar and ultimately ending his life by her own hand (though she may deny it in later episodes).\" Revenge (NCIS) \"Revenge\" is the 22nd episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\" and the 232nd episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on April 30, 2013. The episode is written by George Schenck and Frank Cardea and directed by James Whitmore, Jr., and was seen by 18.29 million viewers. The story arc was initiated in January when secondary characters Eli", "title": "Revenge (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17288447", "text": "Revenge (NCIS) \"Revenge\" is the 22nd episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\" and the 232nd episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on April 30, 2013. The episode is written by George Schenck and Frank Cardea and directed by James Whitmore, Jr., and was seen by 18.29 million viewers. The story arc was initiated in January when secondary characters Eli David (Michael Nouri) and Jackie Vance (Paula Newsome) were killed off in a shooting at the end of \"Shabbat Shalom\". Subsequent episodes featured Ziva David and Leon Vance's efforts to", "title": "Revenge (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17626171", "text": "from the real culprit all the way through\". Oil & Water (NCIS) \"Oil & Water\" is the sixth episode of the eleventh season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 240th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on October 29, 2013. The episode is written by Jennifer Corbett and directed by Tom Wright, and was seen by 19.30 million viewers. Abby and McGee arrive to work only to find themselves victims of a Halloween prankster. A routine drill on an off-shore oil drilling platform turns into reality when it is bombed and the", "title": "Oil & Water (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17350135", "text": "Double Blind \"Double Blind\" is the 23rd episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 233rd episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on May 7, 2013. The episode is written by Christopher J. Walid and Steven D. Binder and directed by Dennis Smith, and was seen by 17.56 million viewers. NCIS is subject to an investigation from the Department of Defense, questioning their response to the deaths of Eli David and Jackie Vance. Gibbs is accused of concealing evidence and obstruction of justice. \"Double Blind\" was written by Christopher", "title": "Double Blind" }, { "id": "17582302", "text": "Past, Present, and Future (NCIS) \"Past, Present, and Future\" is the second episode of the eleventh season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 236th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on October 1, 2013. The episode is written by Gary Glasberg, Scott Williams and Gina Lucita Monreal and directed by James Whitmore, Jr., and was seen by 19.98 million viewers. Gibbs and the team continue the hunt for Parsa and his growing terrorist ring while Tony heads to Israel to track down Ziva. Tony does eventually manage to track down Ziva, but", "title": "Past, Present, and Future (NCIS)" }, { "id": "13173143", "text": "NCIS (season 6) The sixth season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 23, 2008. The new NCIS Director Leon Vance (played by Rocky Carroll) became a regular cast character and Agent Gibbs' new team members were introduced: NCIS Agents Michelle Lee from Legal, Daniel Keating from Cybercrime, and Special Agent Brent Langer from the FBI. Langer is killed in the first episode of the season. After the end of the second episode, McGee, Ziva, and Tony return to the team, while Lee and Keating are transferred back to Legal and Cybercrime, respectively. The two-part episode \"Legend\" introduced", "title": "NCIS (season 6)" }, { "id": "17023114", "text": "You Better Watch Out (NCIS) \"You Better Watch Out\" is the tenth episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 220th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on December 18, 2012. The episode is written by George Schenck and Frank Cardea and directed by Tony Wharmby, and was seen by 19.59 million viewers. The NCIS team investigates the murder of a man found dead at Patuxent River Station by his wife who had just returned from six months at sea on a deployment. After discovering the man had a", "title": "You Better Watch Out (NCIS)" }, { "id": "16457163", "text": "episode \"Shiva\" delivered the biggest audience ever so far for an \"NCIS\" episode. 22.86 million people watched the episode, which surpassed the season eight episode \"Freedom\" by 10,000 viewers. Season ten also got \"NCIS\" to deliver its first 1st-place ratings achievement for the 2012–13 season. \"NCIS\" beat out NBC's \"Sunday Night Football\" to become the overall most watched program nationally. On March 14, 2012, CBS renewed \"NCIS\" for a tenth season which premiered on September 25, 2012. The season 10 production began in July 2012, a week after Michael Weatherly, Sean Murray and Pauley Perrette had signed their new contracts", "title": "NCIS (season 10)" }, { "id": "14611111", "text": "McGee (Sean Murray), Ziva David (Cote de Pablo), Eleanor Bishop (Emily Wickersham), Alexandra Quinn (Jennifer Esposito), and Nicholas Torres (Wilmer Valderrama). Over the course of the series, they are further assisted by allies both foreign and domestic, including Dr. Donald Mallard (David McCallum), Dr. Jimmy Palmer (Brian Dietzen), forensic specialists Abby Sciuto (Pauley Perrette) and Kasie Hines (Diona Reasonover), British intelligence officer Clayton Reeves (Duane Henry), operational psychologist and senior special agent Dr. Jacqueline Sloane (Maria Bello), and successive NCIS Directors Jennifer Shepard (Lauren Holly) and Leon Vance (Rocky Carroll). Prior to the launch of the first season, advertisements on", "title": "NCIS (TV series)" }, { "id": "14611115", "text": "as Tony, Robyn Lively as Vivian Blackadder, Pauley Perrette as Abby, and David McCallum as Ducky. Patrick Labyorteaux appears on \"NCIS\" reprising his \"JAG\" role as Lt. Bud Roberts in the first-season episode \"Hung Out to Dry\", and in the fourteenth-season episode \"Rogue\"; Alicia Coppola returned as Lt. Cmdr. Faith Coleman in \"UnSEALed\", \"Call of Silence\", and \"Hometown Hero\", while Adam Baldwin returned as Cmdr. Michael Rainer in \"A Weak Link\", and John M. Jackson appeared as retired Rear Admiral A. J. Chegwidden in the season-ten episode \"Damned If You Do\". The two-part \"NCIS\" episode \"Legend\" serves as the back-door", "title": "NCIS (TV series)" }, { "id": "17205140", "text": "C. Fornell in the first two episodes. Muse Watson (as Mike Franks) appeared in the fourth episode. Ralph Waite (as Gibbs' father Jackson Gibbs) and Robert Wagner (as Tony's father Anthony DiNozzo, Sr.) are also confirmed to return. Diane Neal reprises her role CGIS Special Agent Abigail Borin in episode six \"Oil & Water\". The second episode includes a character named Sarah Porter, played by Leslie Hope, who is the new Secretary of the Navy, while Margo Harshman has been cast in a potentially recurring role as Timothy McGee's girlfriend, Delilah Fielding. The third episode introduces retiring NCIS Special Agent", "title": "NCIS (season 11)" }, { "id": "16945459", "text": "of the uber-serious, superbly well-written episodes this and every season.\" Newborn King \"Newborn King\" is the eleventh episode of the ninth season of the American crime drama television series \"NCIS\", and the 197th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on December 13, 2011. The episode is written by Christopher J. Waild and directed by Dennis Smith, and was seen by 19.13 million viewers. When a Navy captain is killed in a hotel room, NCIS must track down and protect his very pregnant companion from unknown assailants. They discover that his companion was a Marine Lieutenant", "title": "Newborn King" }, { "id": "17569180", "text": "Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (NCIS) \"Whiskey Tango Foxtrot\" is the first episode of the eleventh season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 235th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on September 24, 2013. The episode is written by Gary Glasberg and directed by Tony Wharmby, and was seen by 20.02 million viewers. In the aftermath of the Season 10 finale, Gibbs' team has been left divided as Tony and McGee attempt to adjust to life as civilians while Ziva has returned home to Israel. Parsons' investigation into Gibbs' team continues but things take", "title": "Whiskey Tango Foxtrot (NCIS)" }, { "id": "16612728", "text": "was seen by 15.19 million viewers. The episode also was the most watched television program the week it aired. Compared to last week's episode \"Up In Smoke\", \"Till Death Do Us Part\" was up a bit in both viewers and adults 18-49. Steve Marsi from \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode 4.5 (out of 5) and stated that \"this may not have been the best NCIS season finale, but its ending will surely go down as one of the most talked about. The final two minutes, as advertised, rocked the very foundation of the show. \"Til Death Do Us Part\" had", "title": "Till Death Do Us Part (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17582312", "text": "scenes over two episodes.\" Past, Present, and Future (NCIS) \"Past, Present, and Future\" is the second episode of the eleventh season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 236th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on October 1, 2013. The episode is written by Gary Glasberg, Scott Williams and Gina Lucita Monreal and directed by James Whitmore, Jr., and was seen by 19.98 million viewers. Gibbs and the team continue the hunt for Parsa and his growing terrorist ring while Tony heads to Israel to track down Ziva. Tony does eventually manage to", "title": "Past, Present, and Future (NCIS)" }, { "id": "13173128", "text": "Gibbs' former boss and mentor Mike Franks, both as recurring characters. Also, albeit later in the season, Army CID Lieutenant Colonel Hollis Mann is introduced as another love interest for Gibbs. In December 2006, Bill Keveney from \"USA Today\" announced that the \"CBS investigative drama \"NCIS\" topped the Nielsen viewership list for the first time with 17.4 million. CBS was the No. 1 network in viewers and young adults (ages 18 to 49) for the week of Dec. 11–17.\" \"TV Guide\" reported on May 5, 2007 that creator and showrunner Donald Bellisario would step down and leave the series due", "title": "NCIS (season 4)" }, { "id": "16820971", "text": "Recovery (NCIS) \"Recovery\" is the second episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 212th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on October 2, 2012. The episode is written by Scott Williams and directed by Dennis Smith, and was seen by 18.87 million viewers. The NCIS building goes under renovations as the team goes under psych evaluations. Then, they are called into service when the former armory manager is found dead in the river, having disappeared after the bombing. Soon, they discover she was murdered and find that one", "title": "Recovery (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17582336", "text": "Anonymous Was a Woman \"Anonymous Was a Woman\" is the fourth episode of the eleventh season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 238th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on October 15, 2013. The episode is written by Steven D. Binder and directed by Terrence O'Hara, and was seen by 18.83 million viewers. Marine Sergeant Patricia Moreno is found dead and temporary replacement Agent Susan Grady joins McGee and Tony in the investigation. Still reeling from the loss of Ziva, McGee and Tony plot a way to \"chase away\" Agent Grady. The", "title": "Anonymous Was a Woman" }, { "id": "18050924", "text": "NCIS (franchise) NCIS (Naval Criminal Investigative Service) is a media franchise of American television programs originally created by Donald P. Bellisario and currently broadcast on CBS, all of which deal with military related criminal investigations based on the Naval Criminal Investigative Service of the United States Department of the Navy, which includes the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. In 2003, \"NCIS\" was introduced via a backdoor pilot, from the TV show \"JAG\" with \"NCIS\" in turn spinning off \"\" and \"\" in 2009 and 2014, respectively. \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" had a proposed spin-off, but it was", "title": "NCIS (franchise)" }, { "id": "17085793", "text": "Hit and Run (NCIS) \"Hit and Run\" is the thirteenth episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 223rd episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on January 29, 2013. The episode is written by Gary Glasberg and Gina Lucita Monreal and directed by Dennis Smith, and was seen by 22.07 million viewers. The team investigates a car crash where a Marine and a woman are found dead. They initially believe it is a murder-suicide, due to both victims coming from feuding families. However, Abby reveals that both victims were", "title": "Hit and Run (NCIS)" }, { "id": "16430353", "text": "Housekeeping (NCIS) \"Housekeeping\" is the 12th episode of the ninth season of the American crime drama television series \"NCIS\", and the 198th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on January 3, 2012. The episode is written by Scott Williams and directed by Terrence O’Hara, and was seen by 19.81 million viewers. The episode continues the plot between EJ Barrett, Casey Stratton and Tony DiNozzo, last seen in \"Nature of the Beast\". The investigation of a Navy Commander's murder leads the team to E.J. Barrett to reopen their investigation into Agent Stratton. While Tony has to", "title": "Housekeeping (NCIS)" }, { "id": "16457162", "text": "interested in Ziva or Vance, but has instead set his sights on Gibbs. Parsons pressures Gibbs to admit that he and his team have broken the law on countless occasions and to come forward and admit everything that he has done. After a long feud, Gibbs is freed of his charges and sent on a top-priority mission, while Ziva, DiNozzo, and McGee resign from the agency. The season ends with a cut to four months later, showing Gibbs aiming a sniper rifle at FBI agent Tobias Fornell. The season finale aired on May 14, 2013. On January 15, 2013, the", "title": "NCIS (season 10)" }, { "id": "16214607", "text": "A Man Walks Into a Bar... \"A Man Walks Into a Bar...\" is the 14th episode in the eighth season, and the 176th overall episode, of the American crime drama television series \"NCIS\". It first aired on CBS in the United States on February 8, 2011. The episode is written by Gary Glasberg and directed by James Whitmore, Jr., and was seen by 20.35 million viewers. In the episode, a naval commander is found dead in his rack aboard ship, apparently murdered. The NCIS team investigates while having to deal with mandatory psychological evaluations conducted by Dr. Rachel Cranston, who", "title": "A Man Walks Into a Bar..." }, { "id": "16945452", "text": "Newborn King \"Newborn King\" is the eleventh episode of the ninth season of the American crime drama television series \"NCIS\", and the 197th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on December 13, 2011. The episode is written by Christopher J. Waild and directed by Dennis Smith, and was seen by 19.13 million viewers. When a Navy captain is killed in a hotel room, NCIS must track down and protect his very pregnant companion from unknown assailants. They discover that his companion was a Marine Lieutenant Emma Reynolds who had had a romantic relationship with an", "title": "Newborn King" }, { "id": "16862923", "text": "enjoyable episode overall. We'll all have installments we like more than others, for various reasons, but I think we can all agree so far that NCIS has plenty left in its tank in Season 10.\" Lost at Sea (NCIS) \"Lost at Sea\" is the fourth episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 214th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on October 23, 2012. The episode is written by Christopher J. Waild and directed by Tony Wharmby, and was seen by 17.78 million viewers. NCIS is called in to", "title": "Lost at Sea (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17840285", "text": "in season 5. Brad Kern became the series showrunner in January 2016. Within a year he had become the focus of two investigations for inappropriate behavior toward women. On May 17, 2018, it was reported that Kern was exiting his role as executive producer and showrunner, but would remain as consulting producer, with Chris Silber replacing him as showrunner. Kern was placed on suspension in June 2018, when CBS launched a third investigation into claims of harassment, which ultimately led to his firing by CBS in October 2018. In December 2017, TNT acquired the rerun rights to the series. \"NCIS:", "title": "NCIS: New Orleans" }, { "id": "17649161", "text": "Gut Check (NCIS) \"Gut Check\" is the ninth episode of the eleventh season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 243rd episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on November 19, 2013. The episode is written by Christopher J. Wald and directed by Dennis Smith, and was seen by 19.66 million viewers. During a briefing in the Multiple Threat Assessment Center (MTAC) by the Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV), network security detects an unauthorized electronic signal being broadcast, and the room is placed in lock down. While McGee sweeps the room, DiNozzo scans the", "title": "Gut Check (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17023121", "text": "them both. You Better Watch Out (NCIS) \"You Better Watch Out\" is the tenth episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 220th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on December 18, 2012. The episode is written by George Schenck and Frank Cardea and directed by Tony Wharmby, and was seen by 19.59 million viewers. The NCIS team investigates the murder of a man found dead at Patuxent River Station by his wife who had just returned from six months at sea on a deployment. After discovering the man", "title": "You Better Watch Out (NCIS)" }, { "id": "15768014", "text": "time Gibbs realized, it is nearly too late; the bomb detonates, resulting in major damage to the NCIS building, as well as many deaths and injuries and leaving the fates of Gibbs, Tony, McGee, Abby, Ziva and Vance unknown. Upon learning of the destruction, Ducky suffers a heart attack on the beaches of Miami. The season finale aired on May 15, 2012. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> NCIS (season 9) The ninth season of the police procedural drama \"NCIS\" premiered on September 20, 2011, in the same time slot as the previous season. The season introduces several recurring guest stars, most notably Dr.", "title": "NCIS (season 9)" }, { "id": "17085801", "text": "a chord. But I felt like she should have progressed more, if that makes any sense.\" Hit and Run (NCIS) \"Hit and Run\" is the thirteenth episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 223rd episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on January 29, 2013. The episode is written by Gary Glasberg and Gina Lucita Monreal and directed by Dennis Smith, and was seen by 22.07 million viewers. The team investigates a car crash where a Marine and a woman are found dead. They initially believe it is a", "title": "Hit and Run (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17253848", "text": "Chasing Ghosts (NCIS) \"Chasing Ghosts\" is the 20th episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 230th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on April 9, 2013. The episode is written by Nicole Mirante-Matthews and directed by Arvin Brown, and was seen by 17.22 million viewers. While the team takes a missing persons case, Tony is disturbed by Ziva's way of coping with her father's death. The civilian husband of Navy Lieutenant Callie Daniels, Noah Daniels has disappeared, forcing her to call NCIS for help. The team search for", "title": "Chasing Ghosts (NCIS)" }, { "id": "6577601", "text": "the two actors (Michael Weatherly and Cote de Pablo) share\" after \"Housekeeping\" aired. On July 10, 2013, CBS announced that Cote de Pablo would leave the series during the eleventh season of \"NCIS\" for undisclosed reasons. The network released the following statement: \"We respect Cote's decision, thank her for being an important part of the 'NCIS' team, and for eight terrific years playing Ziva David. Cote and CBS share a great respect for the 'NCIS' audience, and we look forward to working with her and the producers on appropriate closure in this chapter of Ziva's story.\" De Pablo, who agreed", "title": "Ziva David" }, { "id": "9672976", "text": "(Michael Weatherly) or Abby (Pauley Perrette) would depart with the conclusion of Part II, saying, \"We assume CBS would never be stupid enough to kill off series star Mark Harmon, who plays hard-nosed Leroy Gibbs, who is already suffering memory loss after a recent explosion.\" Jae-Ha Kim of Amazon.com later described the events of the finale as \"explosive\" in her review of the third season. Michelle Calbert from BuddyTV included the \"Hiatus\" two-part in her list of \"The 10 Best Gibbs Episodes\" and wrote, \"We're including both episodes as one because they are basically just one two-hour episode. Gibbs is", "title": "Hiatus (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17649168", "text": "the night it aired. Douglas Wolfe from \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode 4.8/5 and stated that \"The NCIS writers knocked this one out of the ball park, thanks to a story that introduced us to NSA Agent Eleanor \"Ellie\" Bishop. [...] The genius of the case itself was that it provided an almost perfect vehicle to introduce Ellie Bishop.\" Gut Check (NCIS) \"Gut Check\" is the ninth episode of the eleventh season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 243rd episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on November 19, 2013. The episode is", "title": "Gut Check (NCIS)" }, { "id": "8535557", "text": "He had a recurring role as FBI Deputy Director Sam Cullen in the first season of Fox series \"Bones\". He appeared in the series finale of \"Jericho\" as the ambassador of Texas to the Allied States of America. He portrayed C-130 pilot Gus in the NBC series \"Knight Rider\" and has recently appeared on \"\". He returned to the role of retired Rear Admiral A.J. Chegwidden, now a civilian lawyer, in the \"NCIS\" season 10 finale, broadcast on May 14, 2013 and again on \"\" Season 8, broadcast on February 19, 2017. Jackson is married to Jana Gale Hawkins Jackson.", "title": "John M. Jackson" }, { "id": "16457166", "text": "Waite (Jackson Gibbs), Robert Wagner (Tony DiNozzo, Sr.), Michael Nouri (Eli David), and Paula Newsome (Jackie Vance) also appeared during the season. Alan Dale returned as Tom Morrow, a character who left \"NCIS\" in the third season's episode \"Kill Ari (Part I)\". Muse Watson appeared as Mike Franks in the season finale \"Damned If You Do\", together with John M. Jackson, who reprised his role as A. J. Chegwidden from \"JAG\", making it his first appearance on \"NCIS\". Beginning with season 10, CBS released \"phoofs\" from the episodes on cbs.com some days before the episodes aired. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> General references", "title": "NCIS (season 10)" }, { "id": "17227692", "text": "Truth or Consequences (NCIS) \"Truth or Consequences\" is the first episode of the seventh season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 139th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on September 22, 2009. The episode is written by Jesse Stern and directed by Dennis Smith, and was seen live by 20.61 million viewers. \"Truth or Consequences\" follows \"Aliyah\", the sixth season finale, and carries the plot surrounding Ziva's captivity. In the closing moments of season 6, she was shown to be held hostage in a prison camp in Somalia and tortured nearly beyond", "title": "Truth or Consequences (NCIS)" }, { "id": "16934758", "text": "I hoped for from this character. Heck, you might even see her again.\" \"Gone\" was seen by 19.76 million live viewers following its broadcast on November 27, 2012, with a 3.6/10 share among adults aged 18 to 49. A rating point represents one percent of the total number of television sets in American households, and a share means the percentage of television sets in use tuned to the program. In total viewers, \"Gone\" easily won \"NCIS\" and CBS the night. The spin-off \"\" drew third and was seen by 14.49 million viewers. Compared to the last episode \"Shell Shock (Part", "title": "Gone (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17097536", "text": "Canary (NCIS) \"Canary\" is the fourteenth episode of the tenth season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 224th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on February 5, 2013. The episode is written by Christopher J. Waild and directed by Terrence O’Hara, and was seen by 21.79 million viewers. The team captures a master hacker who happens to be second on the most wanted cyberterrorist list and was also responsible for a cyber attack on MTAC which resulted in the death of an undercover agent. The team is interested in interrogating him for", "title": "Canary (NCIS)" }, { "id": "17227709", "text": "watch \"NCIS\".\" Michelle Calbert of BuddyTV later listed \"Truth or Consequences\" among \"The 10 Best 'Tiva' Episodes\" of the show's ten year run. Truth or Consequences (NCIS) \"Truth or Consequences\" is the first episode of the seventh season of the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\", and the 139th episode overall. It originally aired on CBS in the United States on September 22, 2009. The episode is written by Jesse Stern and directed by Dennis Smith, and was seen live by 20.61 million viewers. \"Truth or Consequences\" follows \"Aliyah\", the sixth season finale, and carries the plot surrounding Ziva's captivity. In", "title": "Truth or Consequences (NCIS)" }, { "id": "18050933", "text": "Dave, and Gillian Alexy was cast as Claire. Kim Raver was the last actor cast in the pilot, playing the lead role of Paris. The pilot episodes, titled \"Red\" and \"Red-2\", aired on March 19 and March 26, 2013, during \"NCIS: Los Angeles\" fourth season. On May 15, 2013, CBS announced that the pilot would not be taken to series. On May 21, 2013 CBS President Nina Tassler stated that \"sometimes [spinoffs] work and sometimes they don't. Protecting [the franchise] was really important.\" CBS was reportedly \"open to redeveloping the pilot with a new cast attached\", though a second franchise", "title": "NCIS (franchise)" } ]

[ "Additional Voices" ]

[ { "id": "19127642", "text": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation (known internationally as Hotel Transylvania 3: A Monster Vacation) is a 2018 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Sony Pictures Animation and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. The third installment in the \"Hotel Transylvania\" franchise, it is directed by Genndy Tartakovsky and written by Tartakovsky and Michael McCullers, and features Adam Sandler, Andy Samberg, Selena Gomez, Kevin James, David Spade, Steve Buscemi, Keegan-Michael Key, Molly Shannon, Fran Drescher, and Mel Brooks reprising their roles, as well as new additions to the cast including Kathryn Hahn and Jim Gaffigan. In", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "15476133", "text": "Hotel Transylvania Hotel Transylvania is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated comedy film directed by Genndy Tartakovsky, produced by Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. The film, which was written by Peter Baynham and Robert Smigel from a story by Todd Durham, Daniel Hageman and Kevin Hageman, stars the voices of Adam Sandler, Andy Samberg, Selena Gomez, Kevin James, Fran Drescher, Steve Buscemi, Molly Shannon, David Spade, and CeeLo Green. The film tells a story of Count Dracula, the owner of a hotel called Hotel Transylvania where the world's monsters can take a rest from", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "15476156", "text": "Transylvania. Hotel Transylvania Hotel Transylvania is a 2012 American 3D computer-animated comedy film directed by Genndy Tartakovsky, produced by Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. The film, which was written by Peter Baynham and Robert Smigel from a story by Todd Durham, Daniel Hageman and Kevin Hageman, stars the voices of Adam Sandler, Andy Samberg, Selena Gomez, Kevin James, Fran Drescher, Steve Buscemi, Molly Shannon, David Spade, and CeeLo Green. The film tells a story of Count Dracula, the owner of a hotel called Hotel Transylvania where the world's monsters can take a rest", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "19127666", "text": "get along, is sanctimonious in the extreme. Maybe it is time to put a stake through the heart of this particular franchise.\" Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation (known internationally as Hotel Transylvania 3: A Monster Vacation) is a 2018 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Sony Pictures Animation and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. The third installment in the \"Hotel Transylvania\" franchise, it is directed by Genndy Tartakovsky and written by Tartakovsky and Michael McCullers, and features Adam Sandler, Andy Samberg, Selena Gomez, Kevin James, David Spade, Steve Buscemi, Keegan-Michael Key, Molly Shannon, Fran", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "19127643", "text": "the film, Dracula finds love with a ship captain named Ericka Van Helsing while on a vacation on a cruise with his family and friends, but Mavis discovers that Ericka is actually the great-granddaughter of Abraham Van Helsing, Dracula's arch-enemy. \"Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation\" premiered at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival on June 13, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 13, 2018. Like its predecessors, the film received mixed reviews from critics but was a box office success, grossing over $527 million worldwide, against a budget of $80 million. To date, it is", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "15476134", "text": "human civilization. Dracula invites some of the most famous monsters to celebrate the 118th birthday of his daughter Mavis. When the \"human-free hotel\" is unexpectedly visited by an ordinary 21-year-old traveler named Jonathan, Dracula must protect Mavis from falling in love with him before the hotel's guests learn that there is a human in the castle, which may jeopardize the hotel's future and his career. The film was released on September 28, 2012, and was met with mixed critical reception, while the general public received it favorably. It earned a total of $358 million worldwide against a budget of $85", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "17373461", "text": "his grandfather Dracula. When Mavis and Johnny go on a visit to Johnny's parents, Dracula calls his friends to help him make Dennis a vampire. Soon, things turn upside-down when Dracula's old-school human-hating father Vlad unexpectedly visits the hotel. Original voices from the first film—Adam Sandler, Andy Samberg, Selena Gomez, Kevin James, Steve Buscemi, David Spade, Fran Drescher and Molly Shannon—returned for the sequel, with Keegan-Michael Key replacing CeeLo Green as Murray. New additions to the cast include Mel Brooks, Asher Blinkoff, Nick Offerman, Megan Mullally, Dana Carvey and Rob Riggle. The film was released on September 25, 2015, by", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "15476154", "text": "being more preoccupied with the fact that his 5-year-old grandson is not a pure-blood vampire. The original crew and cast returned for the film, except CeeLo Green as the role of Murray, who was replaced by Keegan-Michael Key. New additions include Mel Brooks as Dracula's father, Vlad; Nick Offerman and Megan Mullally as Jonathan's parents, Mike and Linda; and Asher Blinkoff as Mavis and Johnny's half-human/half-vampire son, Dennis. In November 2015, Sony Pictures Animation announced that \"\" will be released on September 21, 2018 (now July 13, 2018). Despite previously leaving the series to direct other projects, Genndy Tartakovsky returned", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "15476138", "text": "to his own traditional and boring parties. Johnny quickly becomes a hit to the other monsters, but this disgusts and worries Dracula greatly. Dracula orders Johnny to leave, but Johnny is brought back by Mavis. After being shown the beauty of a sunrise by Johnny, Mavis is inspired to give humans another chance. Meanwhile, the hotel chef Quasimodo (Jon Lovitz) with the help of his pet rat Esmeralda learns that Johnny is a human and kidnaps him in order to cook him. Dracula intervenes and magically freezes Quasimodo to keep him from telling anyone that Johnny is human. Dracula leads", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "17373481", "text": "Andy Samberg will also reprise their previous roles as Dracula, Mavis and Johnny in the film, which is being written by \"Austin Powers\" writer Michael McCullers. The film will take place aboard a cruise ship. On February 6, 2017, the release date was moved up to July 13, 2018. Hotel Transylvania 2 Hotel Transylvania 2 is a 2015 American 3D computer animated comedy film, the second installment in the \"Hotel Transylvania\" franchise and the sequel to the 2012 film \"Hotel Transylvania\", with its director, Genndy Tartakovsky, and writer, Robert Smigel, returning for the film. Produced by Sony Pictures Animation, it", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "15476135", "text": "million at the box office, and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film. It launched a franchise with a sequel titled \"Hotel Transylvania 2\", which takes place seven years after the first film, released in 2015, and a third film titled \"\" released in 2018. A premiered on Disney Channel in June 2017, focusing on the teenage years of Mavis and her friends at the Hotel Transylvania. In 1895, in the aftermath of the death of his wife Martha (Jackie Sandler) at the hands of an angry human mob, Count Dracula (Adam Sandler) commissions and", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "15476139", "text": "Johnny to his quarters and shows him a painting of Martha, allowing Johnny to realize why Dracula built the hotel and became overprotective of Mavis. Johnny then agrees to leave for good, but Dracula convinces him to stay for the time-being to avoid ruining Mavis's birthday. The party is a great success the next night, and Mavis looks forward to opening a gift from Martha. However, when Johnny and Mavis share their first kiss, Dracula overreacts, and, in his outburst, inadvertently confesses to deceiving Mavis with the town. A still-frozen Quasimodo bursts in and Mr. Fly (Chris Parnell) reveals from", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "17373460", "text": "Hotel Transylvania 2 Hotel Transylvania 2 is a 2015 American 3D computer animated comedy film, the second installment in the \"Hotel Transylvania\" franchise and the sequel to the 2012 film \"Hotel Transylvania\", with its director, Genndy Tartakovsky, and writer, Robert Smigel, returning for the film. Produced by Sony Pictures Animation, it was animated by Sony Pictures Imageworks, with an additional funding provided by LStar Capital. \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" takes place seven years after the first film, with the hotel now open to human guests. Mavis and Johnny have a young son named Dennis, whose lack of any vampire abilities worries", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "15476136", "text": "builds a massive five-star, monsters-only hotel in Transylvania in which he raises his daughter Mavis (Selena Gomez) and to serve as a safe-place getaway for the world's monsters from fear of human persecution. Famous monsters such as Frank (Kevin James) and his wife Eunice (Fran Drescher), Wayne and Wanda Werewolf (Steve Buscemi and Molly Shannon) and their massive immediate family, Griffin The Invisible Man (David Spade), and Murray the Mummy (CeeLo Green) often come to stay at the hotel. In the present day, on Mavis's 118th birthday, Dracula allows his daughter to leave the castle in order to explore the", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "15476145", "text": "with CG, but I feel there's a lot of moments that feel that they're very me, so hopefully it'll feel different enough that it has a signature to it.\" In November 2011, it was announced that Miley Cyrus would voice Mavis, Dracula's teenage daughter, but in February 2012, Cyrus left the film to coordinate a musical comeback. It was later announced that Selena Gomez would replace Cyrus. \"Hotel Transylvania\" premiered on September 8, 2012, at the Toronto International Film Festival. The film received a wide release on September 28, 2012. On October 26, 2012, Regal Entertainment Group Cinemas began exclusively", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "19127652", "text": "return as the director for the third installment. Adam Sandler, Selena Gomez, and Andy Samberg also reprised their previous roles, as Dracula, Mavis, and Johnny, respectively, and the film was written by Tartakovsky and \"Austin Powers\" writer Michael McCullers. In June 2016, Sony also confirmed Tartakovsky's return, after his taking a leave of absence to work on the final season of his show \"Samurai Jack\". According to Tartakovsky, he returned after he received inspiration from a \"miserable\" family vacation, and from the Chevy Chase \"National Lampoon's Vacation\" movies, as the film takes place aboard a cruise ship. By early November", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "18903958", "text": "Hotel Transylvania (franchise) Hotel Transylvania is an American media franchise created by comedy writer Todd Durham. It consists of three theatrical films, three graphic novels and two short films produced by Sony Pictures Animation, as well as a TV series broadcast on Disney Channel and several video games. The series consists of an ensemble cast, usually led by the voices of Adam Sandler, Andy Samberg and Selena Gomez. The first film, \"Hotel Transylvania\", was released in September 2012, a sequel was released in September 2015 and a third film, \"\", was released in July 2018. The films have received mixed", "title": "Hotel Transylvania (franchise)" }, { "id": "19127656", "text": "Entertainment's YouTube channel on May 7, 2018. \"Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation\" was released on DVD, Blu-ray and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on October 9, 2018 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. \"Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation\" has grossed $167.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $359.6 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $527.1 million against a production budget of $80 million. On September 1, 2018, the film passed its predecessor, \"Hotel Transylvania 2\", to become Sony Pictures Animation's highest-grossing film worldwide to be completely animated (and second-highest overall behind 2011's \"The Smurfs\"). In the", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "15476140", "text": "his frozen speech that Johnny is a human disguised by Dracula. The guests are outraged by the deceit at play, but Mavis is undeterred and wants to be with Johnny. Johnny feigns disinterest in Mavis and rejects her out of respect for her father and leaves the hotel. Mavis flies onto the roof with her mother's present, and Dracula follows her in hopes of comforting her. He learns the present is a book about how Martha and Dracula \"Zinged\" and fell in love. Dracula realizes he no longer knows humankind's true tolerance of monsters, and manages to convince Frank, Wayne,", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "19768824", "text": "Hotel Transylvania: The Series Hotel Transylvania: The Series is an animated comedy television series produced by Sony Pictures Animation and Nelvana in association with Corus Entertainment. It is based on and serves as a prequel to the 2012 film \"Hotel Transylvania\", taking place four years before the events of the first film, focusing on the teenage years of Mavis and her friends at the Hotel Transylvania. The 26-episode first season premiered on June 25, 2017 on Disney Channel in the United States, with the first episode released earlier on June 20, 2017 on the WATCH Disney Channel app, YouTube, and", "title": "Hotel Transylvania: The Series" }, { "id": "15476137", "text": "human world, but he sets up an elaborate plan using his zombie bellhops disguised as humans to make them seem intimidating, and frighten her home. The plan works, but the zombies inadvertently lead a 21-year-old human Jonathan Loughran (Andy Samberg) back to the hotel. Dracula frantically disguises him as a Frankensteinesque Monster and passes him off as Frank's cousin \"Johnnystein\". Johnny soon encounters Mavis and the two \"Zing\", in a form of romantic attraction. Unable to get Johnny out of the hotel without notice, Dracula quickly improvises that Johnny is a party planner, brought in to bring a fresher approach", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "19768825", "text": "VOD. The last eight episodes of the first season were first streamed onto Netflix in the United States on June 25, 2018 prior to their television air dates. In Canada, the series premiered October 2, 2017 on Teletoon. On September 12, 2018, it was announced that the second season will air in the fall. The series takes place four years before the film and follows Mavis and her friends as they have fun adventures at the hotel. \"Hotel Transylvania: The Series\"' voice cast is based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with the Dayton/Walters casting agency being responsible for the casting. These", "title": "Hotel Transylvania: The Series" }, { "id": "19127658", "text": "second weekend, finishing second behind newcomers \"The Equalizer 2\" and \"Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again\". It made another $12.3 million in its third weekend, finishing fourth. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 58% based on 106 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation\" delivers exactly what fans will expect – which means another 97 agreeably lightweight minutes of fast-paced gags and colorful animation.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 54 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating \"mixed", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "18903961", "text": "Animation announced that \"Hotel Transylvania 3\" would be released on September 21, 2018. This was later resolved during early 2017 when the new release date was pushed forward to July 13, 2018. Despite previously leaving the series to develop other projects, Genndy Tartakovsky returned as director for this installment. The third film is about Dracula unwittingly falling for Ericka, a descendant of monster hunter Van Helsing, while on a cruise ship with his family. It is the first film in the series not to be released in September, as well as the first one not to feature the hotel as", "title": "Hotel Transylvania (franchise)" }, { "id": "19127644", "text": "the highest-grossing \"Hotel Transylvania\" film. In 1897, Dracula and his friends travel in disguise on a train to Budapest. Professor Abraham Van Helsing, Dracula's arch-enemy, boards the train and unveils the monsters; the monsters escape by climbing through the roof, and Dracula pushes his friends from the train for their safety. Van Helsing is obsessed with destroying Dracula but is constantly outsmarted by him. In the present day, Dracula is running his hotel business smoothly, with his daughter Mavis and son-in-law Johnny. Drac is depressed that he has remained single since his wife Martha's death despite his attempts to meet", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "17373462", "text": "Columbia Pictures and was a box office success, grossing $473 million worldwide on an $80 million budget. A third film, titled \"\", was released on July 13, 2018. Seven years after the first film, Mavis and her new fiancé Johnny are finally married, with the approval of her father Dracula, and the world becomes aware of (and unfazed by) the existence of monsters. A year later, Mavis reveals to Dracula that she is pregnant and gives birth to a baby boy named Dennis, who later befriends Wayne the Werewolf's daughter Winnie. Nearing his fifth birthday, Dennis has yet to grow", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "15476141", "text": "Griffin, and Murray to head out into the human world to help him find Johnny, and with the scent-tracking ability of Wayne's daughter, Winnie, they learn that he is about to catch a flight to the United States. The four head to the airport, but are held up in a town celebrating a Monster Festival along the way. Admiring the group, the humans agree to help, and a team of men dressed as vampires provide Dracula shelter from the sunlight while he rushes to the airport. Dracula arrives to see Johnny's plane taking off, and he gives chase in bat", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "15476142", "text": "form, burning in the sunlight. After getting Johnny's attention, Dracula makes his way to the front of the plane and uses his mind-controlling power on the pilot (Brian Stack) to help him apologize, stating that Mavis has grown up and can make her own decisions. Jonathan accepts his apology, and Dracula manipulates the pilot to return to the Transylvanian airport. Dracula returns Jonathan to Mavis, announcing that he approves of Johnny. Johnny confesses to Mavis that their 'Zing' was mutual and the two kiss. The monsters finish celebrating Mavis's party, impressing the hotel guests. \"Hotel Transylvania\" was originally created and", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "15476155", "text": "as director for this installment. In 2017, Tartakovsky directed a five minute length short film set between the events of \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" and \"3\", called \"Puppy!\", which was released in cinemas as a pre-show special in front of \"The Emoji Movie\". The story surrounds the events of Dennis requesting a puppy dog from Dracula. A based on the film premiered in June 2017, on Disney Channel. Developed and produced by Nelvana Limited, in partnership with Sony Pictures Animation, the series takes place before the first film, focusing on the teenage years of Mavis and her friends at the Hotel", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "19127653", "text": "2017, the film had been entitled as \"Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation\". One of the biggest challenges for the animation team was creating the massive Kraken character and simulating the water effects and destruction caused by the massive creature. Mark Mothersbaugh returned to score the third film, having previously scored the first two installments, while Sony Classical has released an official soundtrack of the trilogy. Dutch DJ Tiësto also provided music for the film's final battle. DNCE's song \"Cake by the Ocean\" and Pitbull's song Shake Senora were used in promotional material. I See Love performed by Jonas Blue ft.", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "19768827", "text": "The series will be shown in Germany by Super RTL in 2018 and also on Pop in the UK the same year. The last eight episodes of first season were shown on Netflix in the United States on June 25, 2018, a year after the show premiered. Hotel Transylvania: The Series Hotel Transylvania: The Series is an animated comedy television series produced by Sony Pictures Animation and Nelvana in association with Corus Entertainment. It is based on and serves as a prequel to the 2012 film \"Hotel Transylvania\", taking place four years before the events of the first film, focusing", "title": "Hotel Transylvania: The Series" }, { "id": "15476148", "text": "It's a romp that kids and families will all enjoy. \"Hotel Transylvania\" is definitely somewhere you'll want to check in.\" \"Hotel Transylvania\" earned $148.3 million in North America, and $210.1 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $358.4 million. The officially reported budget for the film was $85 million, although \"Deadline Hollywood\" claimed that the film actually cost $104 million. For the film's marketing, Sony spent $52.1 million in the United States, and $31 million in other countries. \"Hotel Transylvania\" topped the box office with $11 million on its first Friday, and $42.5 million domestically and $50.6 million", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "18903960", "text": "Adam Sandler and Selena Gomez respectively), at the hotel. They meet a human named Jonathan (Andy Samberg), who Mavis instantly loves and eventually dates, despite Dracula's attempts to keep Jonathan away from his daughter. \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" was released on September 25, 2015, and is about Mavis and Johnny, who have a half-human/half-vampire son named Dennis. Mavis thinks Hotel Transylvania isn't the right place to raise Dennis and wants to raise him in California. When Dracula is disappointed that Dennis does not have any vampire abilities, he helps his friends make his grandson a vampire. In November 2015, Sony Pictures", "title": "Hotel Transylvania (franchise)" }, { "id": "19127645", "text": "someone. Misinterpreting this as stress from overwork, Mavis books a cruise so they can all take a break and spend more time together as a family. Dracula, Mavis, Johnny, Dennis, Vlad, and the hotel guests board a cruise ship called the Legacy. Dracula sees the ship's human captain, Ericka, and immediately falls for her, something that he thought was impossible as he had already \"zinged\" before. Ericka goes to a secret room on the lower decks where she meets Abraham Van Helsing, who is revealed to be her great-grandfather and is almost completely mechanised, to avoid death. Van Helsing has", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "17373480", "text": "the Universal monsters it scabs out, and adding another soiled feather to Sandler’s cap of mediocrity.\" Michelle Murdocca, the film's producer, said before the film's release that the studio was \"talking about number 3 and moving forward and taking the franchise to the next level.\" On November 2, 2015, it was announced \"Hotel Transylvania 3\" will be released on September 21, 2018. Despite previously leaving the series to direct other projects, Genndy Tartakovsky will return as director for this installment. According to Tartakovsky, he returned after he got an inspiration from a \"miserable\" family vacation. Adam Sandler, Selena Gomez, and", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "19127655", "text": "early showing of the film on June 30, at about 1,000 theaters, similar to fellow Sony release \"\" the previous December. While most territories released the film on July release dates, the film was released in China on August 17, 2018. Similarly, Italy and the Philippines didn't see the film until late August as well while Japan and Poland have October release dates. The first teaser trailer was released online on November 16, 2017, and the official trailer for the film was released on March 21, 2018. A 95-second sneak peek of the film was released online via Sony Pictures", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "18903959", "text": "reviews from critics and grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide against a combined production budget of $245 million. Comedy writer Todd Durham conceived and created a bible for a multimedia franchise called \"Hotel Transylvania\", consisting of several films, television series, video games, toys, books, merchandising, hotel chain, and theme park. After authoring the book of the same name, he took the package unsolicited to Columbia Pictures and set it up at Sony Pictures Animation where he became the first screenwriter on the project. \"Hotel Transylvania\" was released on September 28, 2012, and is about Dracula and his daughter Mavis (played by", "title": "Hotel Transylvania (franchise)" }, { "id": "15476149", "text": "worldwide for its opening weekend, which at the time of its release broke the record for the largest-grossing September opening, a record which was overtaken by its sequel \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" in 2015, with a weekend gross of $48.5 million. The film also earned the highest-grossing domestic debut for Sony Pictures Animation (also later overtaken by \"Hotel Transylvania 2\"). According to Sony's president of worldwide distribution, Rory Bruer, Sony was very satisfied with the film's performance, which was \"beyond anyone's imagination, and the holds are ridiculous. It exceeds expectations in every new market it opens in.\" \"Hotel Transylvania\" was theatrically", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "15476143", "text": "developed by comedy writer Todd Durham, which he based on his book of the same name; after creating the bible for a franchise of several films, television series, video games, books, merchandising, hotel chain, and theme park, he took the package unsolicited to Columbia Pictures and set it up at Sony Pictures Animation where he became the first of several screenwriters on the project. The development process ultimately went through six directors: in 2006 Anthony Stacchi and David Feiss became the first directors set to helm the film. They were replaced by Jill Culton in 2008, who was followed by", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "15476146", "text": "playing the traditionally animated short film \"Goodnight Mr. Foot\" before the film. Based on \"Hotel Transylvania\", the short was directed and animated by Genndy Tartakovsky. \"Hotel Transylvania\" was released on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD on January 29, 2013. It was accompanied by the short animated film, \"Goodnight Mr. Foot\". Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 44% of critics gave the film positive reviews; the average rating is 5.3/10, based on 140 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: \"\"Hotel Transylvania\"s buoyant, giddy tone may please children, but it might be a little too loud and thinly-scripted for older audiences.\"", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "19768826", "text": "shorts were released through WATCH Disney Channel and Disney Channel's YouTube, they also sometimes air on Disney Channel during commercial breaks. Sony Pictures Animation licensed \"Hotel Transylvania: The Series\" for platforms in Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand, Europe (excluding Germany), Latin America, the Middle East, and the United States. Sony Pictures Television is the distributor in the United States, while Nelvana Enterprises, successor of Nelvana International, is the distributor of the \"Hotel Transylvania: The Series\" internationally. The series debuted on Teletoon in Fall 2017 in Canada. In India, the series premiered on December 18, 2017, on Disney Channel India.", "title": "Hotel Transylvania: The Series" }, { "id": "15476147", "text": "Another review aggregate, Metacritic, calculated an average score of 47 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave \"Hotel Transylvania\" an average grade of \"A-\" on an A+ to F scale. IGN editor Geoff Chapman rated the film 9 out of 10 and wrote \"This is a fun film, full of quirky gags and lovable characters. There are a few songs that smack a bit like soundtrack marketing for the kids, and the story is of course fairly predictable, but this movie is about enjoying a fun journey with great characters.", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "19127663", "text": "few chuckles, and the kids may enjoy it. But compared to its predecessors, \"Hotel Transylvania 3\" is mostly blah (blah blah).\" Jamie Righetti of \"IndieWire\" wrote, \"With plenty of laughs, truly dazzling animation, and some more of the franchise's signature dance sequences, \"Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation\" is a summer treat worth savoring, and a reminder that if we can see past our differences, we'll find we're not that different after all.\" Chris Nashawaty from \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the film a B-, saying \"The harmless high jinks all go down easily enough without being particularly memorable or pushing the art", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "17373469", "text": "get shelved. It was suggested by director Genndy Tartakovsky that Adam Sandler had more creative control over this film than its predecessor and that at times he was difficult to work with. In March 2015, it was announced that Mark Mothersbaugh, who scored the first film, had signed on to score the sequel. American girl group Fifth Harmony recorded a song for the film entitled \"I'm in Love with a Monster\". It was featured in the film's official trailer and was also played when the film itself was released. Columbia Pictures released the film in the United States on September", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "15476144", "text": "Chris Jenkins, with Todd Wilderman in 2010. In February 2011, Genndy Tartakovsky took over as the sixth scheduled director, and made his feature directorial debut with the film. He reimagined the film to follow the energy, organic nature, and exaggeration of 2D animation, particularly as seen in the work of director Tex Avery. \"I took all the aesthetics I like from 2-D and applied them here,\" Tartakovsky said. \"I don't want to do animation to mimic reality. I want to push reality.\" \"I wanted to have an imprint so you'd go, 'Well, only Genndy can make this.' It's hard, especially", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "19127648", "text": "After Ericka is told what a \"zing\" is, she harshly rejects Dracula's romantic feelings, leaving Dracula heartbroken. A regretful Ericka gives Van Helsing the object – revealed to be the Instrument of Destruction – and he sets a trap for the monsters at a dance party. Noticing that Dracula is still upset, Mavis, after some advice from Johnny, tells her father to talk to Ericka, admitting that she was afraid of him leaving her, which fear Drac allays. Van Helsing shows up and pushes away the DJ, and a saddened Ericka is forced to reveal that she is his great-granddaughter.", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "17773701", "text": "been released as a single, it peaked at number 41 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Pop Digital Songs chart. Cyrus first performed the song during her episode of \"MTV Unplugged\" in January 2014, and has also performed it during her Bangerz Tour. In August 2014, Ubisoft revealed that the song will appear in Just Dance 2015. In 2012, Cyrus announced plans to focus on her film career, effectively putting her musical endeavors on hiatus. That year, she appeared in the films \"LOL\" and \"So Undercover\". She was also confirmed as a primary voice actress in the feature film \"Hotel Transylvania\", but", "title": "4x4 (song)" }, { "id": "14367614", "text": "joined the voice cast. Mann would lend her voice to an upscale mother of a rival family, while Dennings would voice her daughter. Catherine Keener and Clark Duke would also reprise their roles. On August 9, 2016, nearing NBCUniversal/Comcast's impending acquisition of DreamWorks Animation, 20th Century Fox removed the film from its planned December 22, 2017 release schedule. The film would be instead released by Universal Pictures sometime in 2018. Two weeks later, it was reported that \"The Lego Movie\" and \"Hotel Transylvania\" co writers Kevin and Dan Hageman had been hired to rewrite the script. On November 11, 2016,", "title": "The Croods" }, { "id": "10914771", "text": "Transylvania (film) Transylvania is a 2006 French drama film starring Asia Argento. In 2006, Director Tony Gatlif and composer Delphine Mantoulet won the Georges Delerue Prize at the Flanders International Film Festival for the score, and Gatlif was nominated for the Grand Prix award. \"Transylvania\" premiered at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival in France on 28 May, and premiered in the United States on 16 March 2007 at the Cleveland International Film Festival and in the United Kingdom at the Cambridge Film Festival on 6 July 2007 (with a later theatrical release on 10 August 2007). \"Transylvania\" is the story", "title": "Transylvania (film)" }, { "id": "16151398", "text": "\"Hotel Transylvania\", grossing $14.8 million. The opening weekend audience was 81 percent female, which is considered overwhelming. The opening weekend also attracted a younger audience with 55% of the opening weekend audience being under the age of 25. The film is the third-highest-grossing music comedy film, behind its sequel, \"Pitch Perfect 2\", and \"School of Rock\". \"Pitch Perfect\" received positive reviews from critics. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 80% based on 147 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Pitch Perfect\"s plot is formulaic, but the", "title": "Pitch Perfect" }, { "id": "17373473", "text": "between September 25 and 27, 2015, the same weekend as its North American release, and earned $30.18 million from 6,500 screens that weekend. Its overall rank for the weekend was second, behind \"Everest\". Its opening weekends in the U.K., Ireland and Malta ($9.5 million including previews), Mexico ($7.84 million), South Korea ($4.2 million), Russia and the CIS ($6 million), Germany ($3.9 million), Italy ($3.7 million) and France and Spain ($3.2 million respectively) in October represented its largest takings. In China, it opened with an estimated $12.1 million debuting at second place behind the Chinese local film \"The Witness\" which grossed", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "19127654", "text": "Joe Jonas was featured in the film's end-credits. Eric Nam recorded the song Float for the film. Joe Jonas also recorded It's Party Time for the film while he was voicing Kraken the sea monster. \"Summer Vacation\" was originally scheduled for release on September 21, 2018, a date that was later moved up two months, to July 13, 2018. A video game adaptation, titled \"Hotel Transylvania 3: Monsters Overboard\", was released for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch and Microsoft Windows on July 10, 2018. On June 21, 2018, Amazon announced it was offering its Amazon Prime members an", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "18903962", "text": "its main setting. A television series based on the film premiered on June 25, 2017. Developed and produced by Nelvana Limited, in partnership with Sony Pictures Animation, the prequel series focuses on the teenage years of Mavis and her friends at the Hotel Transylvania. Sony Pictures Television handles distribution in the United States, while Nelvana distributes the series outside the United States. It is airing on the Disney Channel worldwide. \"Goodnight Mr. Foot\" is a traditionally animated short film based on \"Hotel Transylvania\", featuring Bigfoot from the film. Premiering in time for Halloween, on October 26, 2012, the short was", "title": "Hotel Transylvania (franchise)" }, { "id": "19127650", "text": "as everyone begins to dance, including the music sheet. When Van Helsing also dances, he accidentally slips and falls, but Dracula saves him. Touched by this act of kindness, Van Helsing apologizes to the monsters and gives everyone a full refund for the cruise, before sending them back. Back at Hotel Transylvania, Dracula proposes to Ericka, who stammers at the question before agreeing. In September 2015, Michelle Murdocca, the film's producer, said before the second film's release that the studio was \"talking about number 3 and moving forward and taking the franchise to the next level,\" but thought that she", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "20178598", "text": "starring Adam Sandler, Selena Gomez, Andy Samberg, Kevin James, Fran Drescher, Steve Buscemi, Molly Shannon, David Spade, and Jon Lovitz, broke two box office records, received a Golden Globe nomination, and became one of the studio's highest-grossing animated films. In an early draft Durham created an ancient vampire character for Mel Brooks, but there was not a place for the grumpy, 600-year-old Count in the first film, so he appeared as Dracula's father in the sequels. After its release in 2015 \"Hotel Transylvania 2\", featuring Brooks, broke box office records set by the original and became Sandler's biggest debut weekend.", "title": "Todd Durham" }, { "id": "19890112", "text": "Collin Dean Collin Dean (born January 8, 2005) is an American actor. He provided the voice of Lincoln Loud in the Nickelodeon animated series, \"The Loud House\", he replaced Grant Palmer in 2016 until he was replaced by Tex Hammond in 2018 due to puberty. Collin Dean is also known for guest starring in the Cartoon Network animated series \"Adventure Time\" as \"Tiffany,\" and for his background role in \"Hotel Transylvania\". Dean also had a minor role as one of the campers in the \"American Dad!\" episode, \"Camp Campawanda,\" and co-starred with Elijah Wood in the 2014 Cartoon Network miniseries", "title": "Collin Dean" }, { "id": "19127657", "text": "United States and Canada, \"Summer Vacation\" was released alongside the opening of \"Skyscraper\", as well as the wide expansion of \"Sorry to Bother You\", and was projected to gross $38–45 million from 4,267 theaters in its first weekend. The film made $1.3 million from its early 3PM screenings held by Amazon on June 30, and $2.6 million from screenings beginning at 5PM the Thursday before its official release. It went on open to $44.1 million, finishing first at the box office and landing in-between the debuts of the first two \"Hotel Transylvania\" films. The film made $23.2 million in its", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "19127649", "text": "Van Helsing unveils the Instrument of Destruction, a case for a music note sheet, and plays a song that drives a friendly Kraken living near the island to attack the monsters. Ericka saves Dracula from the Kraken and pleads with her great-grandfather to stop the destruction, confessing her love for Drac. This infuriates Van Helsing, and he attacks them both. To pacify the Kraken, Johnny opens up a portable DJ kit and plays positive songs to beat Van Helsing's song. Upon playing the Macarena, the Kraken is relaxed and happy for good; Van Helsing is unable to counter the song", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "17373465", "text": "Mavis and Johnny. Mavis angrily transforms into a bat to fly her and Johnny back to Transylvania. Dracula and his friends reach the hotel a couple of seconds after Mavis. She confronts her father for endangering Dennis and his inability to accept that he is human. She states that she will move out of the hotel after Dennis' fifth birthday the following Wednesday. Mavis invites Vlad, her grandfather and Dracula's father, to Dennis' birthday party, in hopes that Dennis will meet him. As Vlad is much worse than he was when it comes to humans, Dracula tells Johnny to have", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "18903965", "text": "released in the United States on July 28, 2017. The film is set in the hotel, as Dennis is given a monster-sized pet, and the hotel learns to cope with it. The short is a sneak preview of the third film, \"\", which was released on July 13, 2018. A social game based on the film, titled \"Hotel Transylvania Social Game\" and made by Sony Pictures Interactive, was released on August 15, 2012. The game allows players to create their own Hotel Transylvania, where they must take care of the hotel's guests. Another video game, titled \"Hotel Transylvania\", developed by", "title": "Hotel Transylvania (franchise)" }, { "id": "16897452", "text": "Harmony returned to the White House on April 6, 2015 to perform at the annually-held White House Easter Egg Roll, where they sang \"Happy Birthday\" as part of the Fifth anniversary of First Lady Michelle Obama's \"Let's Move\" initiative. Later that year, the group released \"I'm in Love with a Monster\" on September 25, 2015, a song for the film \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" which was featured in the trailer and included in the movie as well. On December 11, 2015, Fifth Harmony received the \"Group of the Year\" award at \"Billboard\" Women in Music 2015 ceremony, honoring the industry's most", "title": "Fifth Harmony" }, { "id": "19127647", "text": "with Drac, after they learn about each other's pasts. Mavis discovers Dracula is interested in Ericka and becomes suspicious of Ericka's motives. The cruise ship reaches Atlantis, which has been converted into a casino; Dracula decides to tell Mavis the truth about Ericka but gets distracted seeing Ericka enter an underground crypt. Drac follows her, with Mavis not far behind, and learns that Ericka is after a \"family heirloom\". With Dracula's help, she evades the booby traps around the object and escapes. Mavis arrives and confronts them, and Dracula confesses that he \"zinged\" with Ericka, to Mavis's surprise and confusion.", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "17373467", "text": "in her treehouse. They are attacked by Bela, who mistakes Dennis for a human. When Bela injures Winnie and threatens to destroy the hotel, Dennis' anger causes him to instantly grow his fangs and his vampire abilities manifest. He begins to fight Bela, who calls his giant-bat minions. Dracula, Mavis, Dennis, Johnny, the rest of the monsters, and Johnny's family team up to defeat Bela's allies. A livid Bela then attempts to kill Johnny himself with a stake. Suddenly Vlad arrives and shrinks Bela. With Dennis having vampire abilities, Mavis and Johnny continue to raise him in Transylvania, and they", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "5057573", "text": "book stories created by Beatrix Potter, \"\", the third installment of the \"Hotel Transylvania\" film series, \"\", the sequel to the first \"Goosebumps\" film, and \"\", an animated superhero film based on the Spider-Man comics. SPA has since signed Genndy Tartakovsky to a long-term deal with the studio to develop and direct original films. The studio is currently working on \"Wish Dragon\" (2019), \"The Mitchells vs. the Machines\", a robot apocalypse/road trip film written and directed by Michael Rianda and Jeff Rowe while produced by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller (2020), and \"Vivo\" (2020). It has many other projects in", "title": "Sony Pictures Animation" }, { "id": "5291384", "text": "werewolf pups attacking him whenever he holds bacon, and doing really badly at charades. David Spade reprised his role as Griffin the Invisible Man in the 2015 Sony Pictures Animation sequel to \"Hotel Transylvania\", \"Hotel Transylvania 2\". He unsuccessfully tries to make his friends think he has an invisible girlfriend (and finds one in the end). Big Finish Audio Productions released an adaptation of Wells' novel in February 2017, with John Hurt, in one of his final acting roles, as Griffin. Griffin (The Invisible Man) Dr. Griffin is the main protagonist, also known as The Invisible Man, who appears as", "title": "Griffin (The Invisible Man)" }, { "id": "17301319", "text": "was additionally promoted with a highly controversial performance during the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards. In 2012, Cyrus announced plans to focus on her film career, effectively putting her musical endeavors on hiatus. That year, she appeared in the films \"LOL\" and \"So Undercover\". She was also confirmed as a primary voice actress in the feature film \"Hotel Transylvania\", but dropped out of the project to coordinate a musical comeback. In January 2013, Cyrus ended her recording contract with Hollywood Records, under which she released the studio albums \"\" (2007), \"Breakout\" (2008), \"Can't Be Tamed\" (2010), and the extended play", "title": "We Can't Stop" }, { "id": "19127661", "text": "at you, \"\" and \"The Emoji Movie\"). It's not that bad. It's more forgettable than painful. When it was over, I asked my 9-year-old what he would give it. He replied, \"I would give it 4 stars but I'm a kid. I'd probably give it 3 if I were an adult.\" Not quite.\" Brian Lowry of CNN wrote, \"Creatively, though, unlike the best animated franchises, whatever sense of discovery, surprise or ingenuity that \"Hotel Transylvania\" originally offered appears pretty well behind it. That might not mean it's checkout time just yet, but all that seems left is to dig up", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "8683182", "text": "(2012), \"Getaway\" (2013) and \"The Fundamentals of Caring\" (2016). She voices the character of Mavis in the \"Hotel Transylvania\" film franchise. Outside of entertainment, Gomez released her own clothing line through Kmart in 2010 and a self-titled fragrance in 2013. In 2017, she released a limited-edition collection of handbags called \"Selena Grace\" that she designed in collaboration with the luxury brand Coach, Inc. She has worked with various charitable organizations for years and became a UNICEF ambassador at the age of seventeen. Gomez was the most followed Instagram user in the world before surpassed by athlete Cristiano Ronaldo in late", "title": "Selena Gomez" }, { "id": "18903964", "text": "in \"Hotel Transylvania\". Taking place before the events of \"Hotel Transylvania\", the short stars Bigfoot, whose rest in Hotel Transylvania is being constantly disturbed by an overly enthusiastic witch maid. \"Puppy!\" is a CG-animated fantasy comedy short film based on \"Hotel Transylvania\", featuring Dennis (voiced by Asher Blinkoff) from \"Hotel Transylvania 2\", with the additional voices of Selena Gomez, reprising her role as Mavis, Andy Samberg as Jonathan, and Adam Sandler as Dracula. The film is written and directed by veteran director of the \"Hotel Transylvania\" movies, Genndy Tartakovsky, and is shown in theaters alongside \"The Emoji Movie\", which was", "title": "Hotel Transylvania (franchise)" }, { "id": "19025202", "text": "in the 2006 hit mockumentary-styled comedy film \"\". In it, Luenell plays a prostitute of the same name, a hooker with a heart of gold. In 2012, she acted in three No. 1 feature films – \"Think Like A Man\", the 3D animated hit \"Hotel Transylvania\", with Adam Sandler and \"Taken 2\", with Liam Neeson. She also co-starred in the comedy \"That's My Boy\" with Adam Sandler and Leighton Meester. TV appearances include episodes of \"The Middle\" and \"It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia\" as well as stand-up appearances on \"Snoop Dog's Bad Girls of Comedy\" on Showtime and \"Stand-up In", "title": "Luenell" }, { "id": "19127659", "text": "or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A–\" on an A+ to F scale, the same score earned by both its predecessors. IGN gave the film score of 7.6 out of 10, saying, \"\"Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation\" is mostly funny, BLAH-blah-BLAH!\" Conversely, Scott Tobias of \"Variety\" gave the film a negative review, stating, \"That leaves \"Hotel Transylvania 3\" to look too much like another lackadaisical gathering of Sandler and his frequent on-screen chums, like a PG-rated \"Grown Ups\" at sea. They seem like the ones taking the vacation, and it's audiences who", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "18964903", "text": "I'm in Love with a Monster \"I'm in Love with a Monster\" is a song recorded by American girl group Fifth Harmony for the computer animated fantasy-comedy film, \"Hotel Transylvania 2\". It was written by Harmony Samuels, Carmen Reece, Sarah Mancuso, Edgar Etienne and Ericka Coulter with production handled by Samuels. It was released to digital retailers on August 14, 2015 through Epic Records and Syco Music and serviced to contemporary hit radio in the United States four days later on August 18. \"I'm in Love with a Monster\" is a pop song that blends elements of R&B, soul, rock", "title": "I'm in Love with a Monster" }, { "id": "9212555", "text": "a Half Men\". She was also confirmed as a primary voice actress in the feature film \"Hotel Transylvania\", but dropped out of the project to coordinate her musical comeback. On May 31, it was announced that Cyrus and Hemsworth were engaged following a nearly three-year, on-again, off-again relationship. Cyrus generated considerable media attention after cutting her traditionally long, brown hair in favor of a blonde, pixie cut; she commented that she had \"never felt more [herself] in [her] whole life\" and that \"it really changed [her] life\". In 2013, Cyrus hired Larry Rudolph to be her manager; Rudolph is best", "title": "Miley Cyrus" }, { "id": "19127651", "text": "and director Genndy Tartakovsky would not return, since they were working on Tartakovsky's \"Can You Imagine?\" before that project was later shelved. That same month, Tartakovsky stated that he will not return for the sequel, specifying to \"TheWrap\" that \"two is enough. I have a lot of other ideas, and I kind of have to express them and have them come out.\" In November 2015, Sony Pictures Animation announced that the third film, under the tentative title of \"Hotel Transylvania 3\", had been set for release on September 21, 2018. Despite leaving the series, Tartakovsky later announced that he would", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "3117604", "text": "in 2014, but it too was cancelled. Tartakovsky directed a sequel to \"Hotel Transylvania\", released in 2015. In December 2015, Adult Swim announced that Tartakovsky would return for a final season of \"Samurai Jack\", during which he stepped away from Sony Pictures Animation. When the series finished airing in 2017, Tartakovsky returned to Sony and directed \"\" (2018). After its financial success, two original projects were announced: an R-rated comedy called \"Fixed\", and an action-adventure entitled \"Black Knight\". Genndy Tartakovsky He is also known for co-creating \"Sym-Bionic Titan\" and directing the animated \"Hotel Transylvania\" film trilogy. Additionally, Tartakovsky was a", "title": "Genndy Tartakovsky" }, { "id": "17373463", "text": "his fangs and Dracula worries that his grandson might not gain vampire powers. Noticing the dangers of Transylvania, Mavis starts to consider raising Dennis in California where Johnny grew up, much to Dracula's disapproval. In order to surprise Mavis with Dennis' powers, Dracula tells Johnny, who also opposes leaving, to take Mavis to California to visit his parents, Mike and Linda, but to make sure to keep her distracted so that she will not move, leaving Dracula to \"babysit\" Dennis. Believing Dennis is a \"late fanger\", Dracula enlists his five best friends Frank, Wayne, Griffin the Invisible Man, Murray the", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "19127646", "text": "a plan to eliminate all the monsters, in the cruise upon its arrival at the lost city of Atlantis using an Instrument of Destruction, which could be found in Atlantis's ruins. Van Helsing makes Ericka promise to not assassinate Dracula beforehand, but she makes repeated unsuccessful attempts. Dracula's friends hear Ericka complain about her inability get him and misinterpret this as a sign of affection. Dracula nervously asks Ericka out on a date, and she accepts since she sees this as another chance to kill him. As they dine on a deserted island, Ericka unexpectedly begins to fall in love", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "15476152", "text": "Spanish, on September 20, 2012. \"Goodnight Mr. Foot\" is a traditionally animated short film based on \"Hotel Transylvania\", featuring Bigfoot from the film. Premiering in time for Halloween, on October 26, 2012, the short was shown exclusively in Regal Entertainment Group Cinemas, before the theatrical shows of \"Hotel Transylvania\". As Sony Pictures Animation's first traditionally animated film, it was written and directed by Genndy Tartakovsky himself, who also animated the short with the help of Rough Draft Studios. Animated in the style of Bob Clampett, Tex Avery and Chuck Jones, Tartakovsky created the short in four weeks during the final", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "17373470", "text": "25, 2015. \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray (2D and 3D) on January 12, 2016, by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. The film was also released in Digital HD on December 22, 2015. \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" has grossed $169.7 million in North America and $303.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $473 million, against a budget of $80 million. \"Deadline Hollywood\" calculated the net profit of the film to be $159.48 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film. Predictions for the opening of \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" in North America were continuously", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "15476153", "text": "production stages of the main film. Bigfoot (who has a non-speaking role in \"Hotel Transylvania\") was voiced by Corey Burton while the Witch Maid was voiced by Rose Abdoo. Both voice actors provided additional voices in \"Hotel Transylvania\". Taking place before the events of \"Hotel Transylvania\", the short stars Bigfoot, whose rest in Hotel Transylvania is being constantly disturbed by an overly enthusiastic witch maid. A sequel, titled \"Hotel Transylvania 2\", was released on September 25, 2015. Its story takes place seven years after the first film, with the hotel now open to human guests, and its owner, Count Dracula,", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "17373475", "text": "recommendation to watch 89 minutes of corny, colorfully animated gags from Adam Sandler and company.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 44 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". In CinemaScore polls, audiences gave the film an average grade of \"A-\" on an A+ to F scale. Max Nicholson of IGN awarded it a score of 6.5 out of 10, saying \"While Genndy Tartakovsky's animation is top-notch, \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" doesn't live up to the first monster mash.\" Nick Schager of \"Variety\" gave the film a negative review, saying \"Its plot comes across", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "982011", "text": "Adam Sandler Adam Richard Sandler (born September 9, 1966) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and film producer. After becoming a \"Saturday Night Live\" cast member, Sandler went on to star in many Hollywood feature films that combined have grossed over $2 billion at the box office. He is best known for his roles in the films \"Billy Madison\" (1995), the sports comedies \"Happy Gilmore\" (1996) and \"The Waterboy\" (1998), the romantic comedy \"The Wedding Singer\" (1998), \"Big Daddy\" (1999), and \"Mr. Deeds\" (2002), and voicing Dracula in \"Hotel Transylvania\" (2012), \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" (2015), and \"\" (2018). Several of", "title": "Adam Sandler" }, { "id": "5291383", "text": "checks into Hotel Transylvania, and is among Count Dracula's (Adam Sandler) circle of friends. This version is completely invisible, and his glasses are the only thing that can be seen in the movie. Gags centering on him, rely on his invisibility. During a pool party scene, Wayne the werewolf (Steve Buscemi) pulls Griffin's swim trunks down causing him embarrassment even though he is invisible. In another scene in the sauna when Dracula makes a disparaging remark about people with red curly hair, Griffin takes offense to this, saying that he has red curly hair. Other jokes include Wayne and Wanda's", "title": "Griffin (The Invisible Man)" }, { "id": "17373464", "text": "Mummy, and Blobby the Blob to help train Dennis to become a monster, to no avail. Dracula and his five friends take Dennis to his childhood summer camp, Camp Winnepacaca, where he learned to hone his vampire abilities and discovers that the camp is safer than it was when he went there. Dracula hurls Dennis from a tall, unstable tower to pressure the boy's transformation into a bat, but he does not transform, and Dracula has to fly and rescue him at the last second. The stunt is filmed by the campers and uploaded to the Internet, which eventually reaches", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "19127662", "text": "the pieces, stitch them together, and flip the \"on\" switch.\" Scott Mendelson of \"Forbes\" gave the film a positive review, saying \"\"Hotel Transylvania 3\" feels less like a narrative sequel and more like a casual \"episode of the week\" animated adventure. When you can watch the TV show at home, the movies must be relative events. This one feels less like an inspired PG-rated, kid-friendly distillation of Sandler's comedy than an animated version of his (comparatively) lazy studio comedies where he and his regular castmates go on a vacation on the studio's dime. The movie looks great, there are a", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "10914773", "text": "villages, meets Tchangalo (Birol Unel), a charming and travelling merchant of Turkish descent. Transylvania (film) Transylvania is a 2006 French drama film starring Asia Argento. In 2006, Director Tony Gatlif and composer Delphine Mantoulet won the Georges Delerue Prize at the Flanders International Film Festival for the score, and Gatlif was nominated for the Grand Prix award. \"Transylvania\" premiered at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival in France on 28 May, and premiered in the United States on 16 March 2007 at the Cleveland International Film Festival and in the United Kingdom at the Cambridge Film Festival on 6 July 2007", "title": "Transylvania (film)" }, { "id": "20178594", "text": "Todd Durham Todd Durham is an American filmmaker, comedy writer, and novelist, known as the creator of the \"Hotel Transylvania\" film franchise for Columbia Pictures, which he based on his book of the same name. He became the sixth sole-creator of an animated movie franchise that went on to generate over $1 billion from theatrical and ancillary markets after only one sequel. Durham’s works, including over forty screenplays and books, frequently combine fantasy storylines with character comedy. Durham studied comedy writing at USC under brothers Danny Simon, mentor of Woody Allen, and Neil Simon. Based on a half-hour 35mm film", "title": "Todd Durham" }, { "id": "3117594", "text": "Genndy Tartakovsky He is also known for co-creating \"Sym-Bionic Titan\" and directing the animated \"Hotel Transylvania\" film trilogy. Additionally, Tartakovsky was a pivotal crew member of \"The Powerpuff Girls\", and worked on other notable series such as \"Tiny Toon Adventures\" and \"\". Although his Russian name is normally transliterated as Gennady or Gennadiy, he changed its spelling to Genndy after moving to the U.S. Tartakovsky was born January 17, 1970, in Moscow, to Jewish parents. His father, Boris, worked as a dentist for government officials and the Soviet Union national ice hockey team. Genndy felt that his father was a", "title": "Genndy Tartakovsky" }, { "id": "17373466", "text": "the human party-goers disguise themselves as monsters. Vlad receives the invitation and arrives with his monstrous bat-like servant Bela. Meeting Dennis, he believes that fear will cause Dennis' fangs to sprout and possesses a stage performer dressed as Dennis's favorite television monster, \"Kakie the Cake Monster\", to scare Dennis, but Dracula shields his grandson at the last moment and exposes the deception to Vlad, who is outraged that Dracula has accepted humans as guests in his hotel, forcing Dracula to confront Vlad. While the family argues, Dennis sadly flees the hotel and enters the forest with Winnie in tow, hiding", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "17373474", "text": "$18.5 million. While the China figures are low in comparison to recent Hollywood movie openings, it actually excelled the first film's local lifetime gross by 19% in just the first six days. In terms of total earnings, its largest market outside of North America is the U.K. ($29.4 million) followed by Mexico ($23.7 million) and Venezuela ($19.9 million). On Rotten Tomatoes, the film received a rating of 55%, based on 103 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2/10. The site's consensus states: \"\"Hotel Transylvania 2\" is marginally better than the original, which may or may not be enough of a", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" }, { "id": "19127665", "text": "be.\" Rafer Guzmán of \"Newsday\" stated, \"In the end, the noisy humor and classic rock songs drown out whatever worthy messages \"Hotel Transylvania 3\" might offer.\" Geoffrey Macnab of \"The Independent\" gave it 2 out of 5 stars, saying \"In its scattergun way, parts of the film are funny and very inventive. The hitch is that the storytelling feels so utterly random. All sorts of unrelated ideas are thrown together into the big, sloppy, monster mash of a plot as the cruise continues. The end message, namely that monsters and humans aren't that different and really ought to learn to", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation" }, { "id": "19913998", "text": "second album \"7/27\" in May 2016. Their first two albums generated the singles \"Worth It\" and \"Work from Home\", respectively, which reached the top 10 in several international charts. The group also contributed music to the soundtrack of the animated film \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" with their song \"I'm in Love with a Monster\". They released their third self-titled third studio album, and first as a four member group on August 25, 2017. On March 19, 2018, the group announced an indefinite hiatus to focus on solo projects. In 2015, Hansen auditioned for the role of the main character in the", "title": "Dinah Jane" }, { "id": "2805127", "text": "official statement regarding the show. Additionally, Smigel played a gay mailman in the Adam Sandler film \"I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry\" and Yari the Mechanic in the \"Mister Softee\" episode of \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\". He voiced Ray and a parody of the Star Wars character, Emperor Palpatine, in the first episode of \"Robot Chicken Star Wars\", as well as the monster 100 in the episode of the same name of Aqua Unit Patrol Squad on Cartoon Network's [adult swim]. Currently living in New York, he co-wrote and co-executive produced the films \"Hotel Transylvania\" (2012) and \"Hotel Transylvania 2\"", "title": "Robert Smigel" }, { "id": "18903963", "text": "shown exclusively in Regal Entertainment Group Cinemas, before the theatrical shows of \"Hotel Transylvania\". As Sony Pictures Animation's first traditionally animated film, it was written and directed by Genndy Tartakovsky himself, who also animated the short with the help of Rough Draft Studios. Animated in the style of Bob Clampett, Tex Avery and Chuck Jones, Tartakovsky created the short in four weeks during the final production stages of the main film. Bigfoot (who had a non-speaking role in \"Hotel Transylvania\") was voiced by Corey Burton while the Witch Maid was voiced by Rose Abdoo. Both voice actors provided additional voices", "title": "Hotel Transylvania (franchise)" }, { "id": "17616372", "text": "performing show's with notable Detroit artists ranging from Kid Rock and Insane Clown Posse to Juan Atkins and Richie Hawtin. In addition to maintaining an international presence as an artist and producer, White composes for TV and Film. He co wrote The Zing with Adam Sandler, which featured the vocals of Adam Sandler, Selena gomez, Cee-lo Green, and Adam Sandberg, and was the closing theme in the Sony Pictures feature film Hotel Transylvania, which opened at #1 at the US box office. In 2013, Dim Mak Records which is owned by Steve Aoki, released Back Off, Bitch!, by Static Revenger", "title": "Static Revenger" }, { "id": "5354502", "text": "in 2000. The two films and the novels they are based on revolve around the eponymous D, a vampire hunter who is the apparent half-vampire/half-human son of Dracula who battles vampires in the year AD 12,090. In 1997 the anime series \"Vampire Princess Miyu\" became popular in Japan, many other anime followed. Later in 2012, \"Hotel Transylvania\" was released, followed by a sequel in 2015, \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" and in 2018 by \"\". Another Japanese anime series, \"Rosario + Vampire\", portrays one of the leading female characters, Moka Akashiya, as a vampire, whose demonic powers are sealed inside her with", "title": "Vampire films" }, { "id": "8683202", "text": "Gomez hoped to focus on her film career outside Disney and starred in the animated film \"Hotel Transylvania\" (2012). The film premiered at the 37th annual Toronto International Film Festival and was released on September 28, 2012. Gomez had a role in the controversial exploitation film \"Spring Breakers\" (2013), starring James Franco. The film saw Gomez in a more mature role than her previous works, and reportedly led to Gomez having a \"bit of a meltdown on set.\" In 2013, Gomez starred in the film \"Getaway\". The film was a critical and commercial failure, and earned Gomez a nomination for", "title": "Selena Gomez" }, { "id": "20178597", "text": "as having “some of the funniest depictions of Hades” alongside Gary Larson’s \"The Far Side\". During his years as studio script doctor, Durham created the \"Hotel Transylvania\" movie franchise, for which he outlined in a bible a series of seven animated feature films and their characters, as well as a television series, video games, merchandising, hotel chain, and theme park. After authoring the book \"Hotel Transylvania\", he took the package unsolicited to Columbia Pictures and set it up at Sony Pictures Animation, where he became the first of several screenwriters on the project. In 2012, the first film, \"Hotel Transylvania\",", "title": "Todd Durham" }, { "id": "15476150", "text": "released in China on October 28, 2013, more than a year after the worldwide premiere, and contributed $11,180,000 to the overall gross. A social game based on the film, titled \"Hotel Transylvania Social Game\" and made by Sony Pictures Interactive, was released on August 15, 2012. The game allows players to create their own Hotel Transylvania, where they must take care of the hotel's guests. Another video game, titled \"Hotel Transylvania\", developed by WayForward and published by GameMill Entertainment, was released on September 18, 2012, for Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS at retail. The game was also released in the", "title": "Hotel Transylvania" }, { "id": "17373471", "text": "revised upwards, starting from $35—$48 million. \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" earned $13.3 million from 3,754 theaters on its opening day in North America, which was the second-biggest Friday opening day in September, behind \"Insidious Chapter 2\" ($20.3 million). During its opening weekend, \"Hotel Transylvania 2\" earned $48.5 million from 3,754 theaters, which at the time set new records such as the highest opening for a Sony Pictures Animation film, the biggest opening in Adam Sandler's career, beating 2005's \"The Longest Yard\" ($47.6 million), and previously held the biggest opening in the month of September (record overtaken by \"It\" in 2017). Regarding", "title": "Hotel Transylvania 2" } ]

[ "nonuplets" ]

[ { "id": "866030", "text": "Childbirth Childbirth, also known as labour and delivery, is the ending of a pregnancy by one or more babies leaving a woman's uterus by vaginal passage or Caesarean section. In 2015, there were about 135 million births globally. About 15 million were born before 37 weeks of gestation, while between 3 and 12% were born after 42 weeks. In the developed world most deliveries occur in hospital, while in the developing world most births take place at home with the support of a traditional birth attendant. The most common way of childbirth is a vaginal delivery. It involves three stages", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "4959934", "text": "Pregnancy Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology. Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period (LMP). This is just over nine months, where each month averages 31 days. When measured from fertilization it is about 38 weeks. An embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks following fertilization, after which, the term \"fetus\" is used until birth. Symptoms of early pregnancy", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "4959992", "text": "States, laws make some actions that result in miscarriage or stillbirth crimes. One such law is the federal Unborn Victims of Violence Act. Pregnancy Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology. Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the last menstrual period (LMP). This is just over nine months, where each month averages 31 days. When measured from fertilization it is about 38 weeks. An embryo is", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "866124", "text": "The placenta may be eaten by the newborn's family, ceremonially, for nutrition, or otherwise. (Some animal mothers eat their afterbirth; this is called placentophagy.) Most recently there is a category of birth professionals available who will process the placenta for consumption by postpartum mothers. Childbirth Childbirth, also known as labour and delivery, is the ending of a pregnancy by one or more babies leaving a woman's uterus by vaginal passage or Caesarean section. In 2015, there were about 135 million births globally. About 15 million were born before 37 weeks of gestation, while between 3 and 12% were born after", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "865994", "text": "typically parthenogenetic and viviparous and females produce unfertilized eggs which they retain within their bodies. The embryos develop within their mothers' ovarioles and the offspring are clones of their mothers. Female nymphs are born which grow rapidly and soon produce more female offspring themselves. In some instances, the newborn nymphs already have developing embryos inside them. Birth Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the muscular walls of the uterus to contract, expelling the fetus at a developmental stage when it is ready to feed", "title": "Birth" }, { "id": "4959939", "text": "extent during the month pregnancy occurred. Associated terms for pregnancy are \"gravid\" and \"parous\". \"Gravidus\" and \"gravid\" come from the Latin for \"heavy\" and a pregnant female is sometimes referred to as a \"gravida\". Gravidity is a term used to describe the number of times that a female has been pregnant. Similarly, the term \"parity\" is used for the number of times that a female carries a pregnancy to a viable stage. Twins and other multiple births are counted as one pregnancy and birth. A woman who has never been pregnant is referred to as a \"nulligravida.\" A woman who", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "12700109", "text": "pregnancy with a \"viable\" fetus or implantation. Furthermore, pregnancy rates can be influenced in IVF by transferring multiple embryos that may result in multiple births. A strict definition in the IVF setting would refer to the singleton pregnancy rate that determines how many live singletons are born in relation to initiated IVF cycles. In some cases, success rates include delivery or presence of a live baby (preferably specified as \"delivery rate\" or \"live birth rate\" respectively). In IVF or its derivatives, \"fertilization rate\" may be used to measure how many oocytes become fertilized by sperm cells. A fertilization rate of", "title": "Pregnancy rate" }, { "id": "865976", "text": "the pituitary gland, the ovary and the placenta. The total gestation period from fertilization to birth is normally about 38 weeks (birth usually occurring 40 weeks after the last menstrual period). The normal process of childbirth takes several hours and has three stages. The first stage starts with a series of involuntary contractions of the muscular walls of the uterus and gradual dilation of the cervix. The active phase of the first stage starts when the cervix is dilated more than about 4 cm in diameter and is when the contractions become stronger and regular. The head (or the buttocks", "title": "Birth" }, { "id": "4959937", "text": "when a woman is \"at term\". Pregnancy is considered at full term when gestation has lasted 39 to 41 weeks. After 41 weeks, it is known as late term and after 42 weeks post term. Babies born before 39 weeks are considered early term while those before 37 weeks are preterm. Preterm babies are at higher risk of health problems such as cerebral palsy. Delivery before 39 weeks by labor induction or caesarean section is not recommended unless required for other medical reasons. About 213 million pregnancies occurred in 2012, of which, 190 million (89%) were in the developing world", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "4959983", "text": "pregnancies are aborted illegally. Compared to the rate in countries where abortion is legal, at 69%. Of pregnancies in 2012, 120 million occurred in Asia, 54 million in Africa, 19 million in Europe, 18 million in Latin America and the Caribbean, 7 million in North America, and 1 million in Oceania. Pregnancy rates are 140 per 1000 women of childbearing age in the developing world and 94 per 1000 in the developed world. The rate of pregnancy, as well as the ages at which it occurs, differ by country and region. It is influenced by a number of factors, such", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "865972", "text": "Birth Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the muscular walls of the uterus to contract, expelling the fetus at a developmental stage when it is ready to feed and breathe. In some species the offspring is precocial and can move around almost immediately after birth but in others it is altricial and completely dependent on parenting. In marsupials, the fetus is born at a very immature stage after a short gestational period and develops further in its mother's womb's pouch. It is not only", "title": "Birth" }, { "id": "4959940", "text": "is (or has been only) pregnant for the first time is referred to as a \"primigravida\", and a woman in subsequent pregnancies as a \"multigravida\" or as \"multiparous.\" Therefore, during a second pregnancy a woman would be described as \"gravida 2, para 1\" and upon live delivery as \"gravida 2, para 2.\" In-progress pregnancies, abortions, miscarriages and/or stillbirths account for parity values being less than the gravida number. In the case of a multiple birth the gravida number and parity value are increased by one only. Women who have never carried a pregnancy achieving more than 20 weeks of gestation", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "4959955", "text": "For instance, the enlarged uterus may impede blood flow by compressing the vena cava when lying flat, which is relieved by lying on the left side. Childbirth, referred to as labor and delivery in the medical field, is the process whereby an infant is born. A woman is considered to be in labour when she begins experiencing regular uterine contractions, accompanied by changes of her cervix – primarily effacement and dilation. While childbirth is widely experienced as painful, some women do report painless labours, while others find that concentrating on the birth helps to quicken labour and lessen the sensations.", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "846335", "text": "Multiple birth A multiple birth is the culmination of one multiple pregnancy, wherein the mother delivers two or more offspring. A term most applicable to placental species, multiple births occur in most kinds of mammals, with varying frequencies. Such births are often named according to the number of offspring, as in \"twins\" and \"triplets\". In non-humans, the whole group may also be referred to as a \"litter\", and multiple births may be more common than single births. Multiple births in humans are the exception and can be exceptionally rare in the largest mammals. Each fertilized egg (zygote) may produce a", "title": "Multiple birth" }, { "id": "845008", "text": "Twin Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy. Twins can be either \"monozygotic\" (\"identical\"), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two embryos, or \"dizygotic\" (\"fraternal\"), meaning that each twin develops from a separate egg and each egg is fertilized by its own sperm cell. In contrast, a fetus that develops alone in the womb is called a \"singleton\", and the general term for one offspring of a multiple birth is \"multiple\". Non-related look-alikes whose resemblance parallels that of twins are referred to as doppelgangers. The human twin birth rate in the United States", "title": "Twin" }, { "id": "4959951", "text": "the concept that the body is able to not mount an immune system response against certain triggers. Pregnancy is typically broken into three periods, or trimesters, each of about three months. Each trimester is defined as 14 weeks, for a total duration of 42 weeks, although the average duration of pregnancy is 40 weeks. While there are no hard and fast rules, these distinctions are useful in describing the changes that take place over time. Minute ventilation increases by 40% in the first trimester. The womb will grow to the size of a lemon by eight weeks. Many symptoms and", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "865867", "text": "the viable zygote, resulting in an embryo. Gestation occurs in the woman's uterus until the fetus (assuming it is carried to term) is sufficiently developed to be born. In humans, gestation is often around 9 months in duration, after which the woman experiences labor and gives birth. This is not always the case, however, as some babies are born prematurely, late, or in the case of stillbirth, do not survive gestation. Usually, once the baby is born, the mother produces milk via the lactation process. The mother's breast milk is the source of antibodies for the infant's immune system, and", "title": "Mother" }, { "id": "846344", "text": "in Carlisle, Iowa. Multiple births of as many as eight babies have been born alive, the first set on record to the Chukwu family in Texas in 1998; one died and seven survived. In 2009, a second set, the Suleman octuplets, were born in Bellflower, California. As of 2014, all were still alive shortly before their fifth birthday. There have been a few sets of nonuplets (9) in which a few babies were born alive, though none lived longer than a few days. There have been cases of human pregnancies that started out with ten, eleven, twelve or fifteen fetuses,", "title": "Multiple birth" }, { "id": "865975", "text": "own amniotic sac and has a separate placenta. This separates from the wall of the uterus during labor and the fetus works its way towards the birth canal. Large mammals which give birth to twins is much more rare, but it does occur occasionally even for mammals as large as elephants. In April 2018, approximately 8-month old elephant twins were sighted joining their mother's herd in the Tarangire National Park of Tanzania, estimated to have been born in August 2017. Humans usually produce a single offspring at a time. The mother's body is prepared for birth by hormones produced by", "title": "Birth" }, { "id": "846338", "text": "are also classified by how the fetuses are surrounded by one or more placentas and amniotic sacs; the placentas are referenced as \"chorions\": In humans, the average length of pregnancy (two weeks fewer than gestation) is 38 weeks with a single fetus. This average decreases for each additional fetus: to thirty-six weeks for twin births, thirty-two weeks for triplets, and thirty weeks for quadruplets. With the decreasing gestation time, the risks from immaturity at birth and subsequent viability increase with the size of the sibling group. Only as of the twentieth century have more than four all survived infancy. Recent", "title": "Multiple birth" }, { "id": "866033", "text": "it is generally not needed. In 2012, about 23 million deliveries occurred by a surgical procedure known as Caesarean section. Caesarean sections may be recommended for twins, signs of distress in the baby, or breech position. This method of delivery can take longer to heal from. Each year, complications from pregnancy and childbirth result in about 500,000 maternal deaths, 7 million women have serious long term problems, and 50 million women have negative health outcomes following delivery. Most of these occur in the developing world. Specific complications include obstructed labour, postpartum bleeding, eclampsia, and postpartum infection. Complications in the baby", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "846354", "text": "the result of in vitro fertilisation (IVF). In a study in 1997 of 2,173 embryo transfers performed as part of in vitro fertilisation (IVF), 34% were successfully delivered pregnancies. The overall multiple pregnancy rate was 31.3% (24.7% twins, 5.8% triplets, and .08% quadruplets). Because IVFs are producing more multiples, a number of efforts are being made to reduce the risk of multiple births- specifically triplets or more. Medical practitioners are doing this by limiting the number of embryos per embryo transfer to one or two. That way, the risks for the mother and fetuses are decreased. The appropriate number of", "title": "Multiple birth" }, { "id": "2781845", "text": "Birth rate The birth rate (technically, births/population rate) is the total number of live births per 1,000 in a population in a year or period. The rate of births in a population is calculated in several ways: live births from a universal registration system for births, deaths, and marriages; population counts from a census, and estimation through specialized demographic techniques. The birth rate (along with mortality and migration rate) are used to calculate population growth. The \"crude birth rate\" is the number of live births per year per 1,000 mid-year population. Another term used interchangeably with \"birth rate\" is \"natality\".", "title": "Birth rate" }, { "id": "866062", "text": "the abdomen, rather than through vaginal birth. Childbirth by C-Sections increased 50% in the U.S. from 1996 to 2006. In 2011, 32.8% of births in the U.S. were delivered by cesarean section. Induced births and elective cesarean before 39 weeks can be harmful to the neonate as well as harmful or without benefit to the mother. Therefore, many guidelines recommend against non-medically required induced births and elective cesarean before 39 weeks. The 2012 rate of labour induction in the United States was 23.3%, and has more than doubled from 1990 to 2010. Pitocin is commonly used to induce uterine contractions.", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "4959935", "text": "may include missed periods, tender breasts, nausea and vomiting, hunger, and frequent urination. Pregnancy may be confirmed with a pregnancy test. Pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters. The first trimester is from week one through 12 and includes conception, which is when the sperm fertilizes the egg. The fertilized egg then travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the inside of the uterus, where it begins to form the embryo and placenta. During the first trimester, the possibility of miscarriage (natural death of embryo or fetus) is at its highest. The second trimester is from week 13 through", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "12700108", "text": "Pregnancy rate Pregnancy rate is the success rate for getting pregnant. It is the percentage of all attempts that leads to pregnancy, with attempts generally referring to menstrual cycles where insemination or any artificial equivalent is used, which may be simple artificial insemination (AI) or AI with additional in vitro fertilization. There is no universally accepted definition of the term. Thus in IVF pregnancy rates may be based on initiated treatment cycles, cycles that underwent oocyte retrieval, or cycles where an embryo transfer was performed. In terms of outcome, \"pregnancy\" may refer to a positive pregnancy test, evidence of a", "title": "Pregnancy rate" }, { "id": "157919", "text": "week. In humans, birth normally occurs at a gestational age of about 40 weeks, though it is common for births to occur from 37 to 42 weeks. After 8 weeks, the embryo is called a fetus. A viviparous animal is an animal employing viviparity: the embryo develops inside the body of the mother, as opposed to outside in an egg (oviparity). The mother then gives live birth. The less developed form of viviparity is called ovoviviparity, which, for instance, occurs in most vipers. The more developed form of viviparity is called placental viviparity; mammals are the best example, but it", "title": "Gestation" }, { "id": "5851605", "text": "three term births, one preterm birth, one induced abortion or miscarriage, and four living children. In humans, it can lead to some ambiguity for events occurring between 20 and 24 weeks, and for multiple pregnancies. Gravidity and parity In biology and human medicine, gravidity and parity are the number of times a female is or has been pregnant (gravidity) and carried the pregnancies to a viable gestational age (parity). These terms are usually coupled, sometimes with additional terms, to indicate more details of the woman's obstetric history. When using these terms: In human medicine, \"gravidity\" refers to the number of", "title": "Gravidity and parity" }, { "id": "12700111", "text": "years, 30% at 35 to 37 years, 22% at 38 to 40 years, and 12% at 41 to 42 years. Successful implantation of the zygote into the uterus is most likely 8 to 10 days after conception. If the zygote has not implanted by day 10, implantation becomes increasingly unlikely in subsequent days. Live birth rate is the percentage of all cycles that lead to live birth, and is the pregnancy rate adjusted for miscarriages and stillbirths. For instance, in 2007, Canadian clinics reported a live birth rate of 27% with in vitro fertilisation. There is a substantial connection between", "title": "Pregnancy rate" }, { "id": "866051", "text": "by the additional maternal efforts of \"bearing down\" or pushing. The appearance of the fetal head at the vaginal orifice is termed the \"crowning\". At this point, the woman will feel an intense burning or stinging sensation. When the amniotic sac has not ruptured during labour or pushing, the infant can be born with the membranes intact. This is referred to as \"delivery en caul\". Complete expulsion of the baby signals the successful completion of the second stage of labour. The second stage varies from one woman to another. In first labours, birth is usually completed within 3 hours whereas", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "845049", "text": "a bull becomes partially masculinized and is known as a freemartin. Twin Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy. Twins can be either \"monozygotic\" (\"identical\"), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two embryos, or \"dizygotic\" (\"fraternal\"), meaning that each twin develops from a separate egg and each egg is fertilized by its own sperm cell. In contrast, a fetus that develops alone in the womb is called a \"singleton\", and the general term for one offspring of a multiple birth is \"multiple\". Non-related look-alikes whose resemblance parallels that of twins are referred to", "title": "Twin" }, { "id": "949621", "text": "Offspring In biology, offspring are the young born of living organisms, produced either by a single organism or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two organisms. Collective offspring may be known as a brood or progeny in a more general way. This can refer to a set of simultaneous offspring, such as the chicks hatched from one clutch of eggs, or to all the offspring, as with the honeybee. Human offspring (descendants) are referred to as children (without reference to age, thus one can refer to a parent's \"minor children\" or \"adult children\" or \"infant children\" or \"teenage children\" depending", "title": "Offspring" }, { "id": "846365", "text": "to hide one or more of the children. A similar effect occurs in the Knight of the Swan romance, in the Beatrix variants of the Swan-Children; her taunt is punished by giving birth to seven children at once, and her wicked mother-in-law returns her taunt before exposing the children. Multiple birth A multiple birth is the culmination of one multiple pregnancy, wherein the mother delivers two or more offspring. A term most applicable to placental species, multiple births occur in most kinds of mammals, with varying frequencies. Such births are often named according to the number of offspring, as in", "title": "Multiple birth" }, { "id": "4959956", "text": "Most births are successful vaginal births, but sometimes complications arise and a woman may undergo a cesarean section. During the time immediately after birth, both the mother and the baby are hormonally cued to bond, the mother through the release of oxytocin, a hormone also released during breastfeeding. Studies show that skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her newborn immediately after birth is beneficial for both the mother and baby. A review done by the World Health Organization found that skin-to-skin contact between mothers and babies after birth reduces crying, improves mother–infant interaction, and helps mothers to breastfeed successfully. They", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "2470217", "text": "McCaughey septuplets The McCaughey septuplets (born November 19, 1997), are septuplets (seven offspring) born to Kenny and Bobbi McCaughey in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. They are the world's first set of surviving septuplets. Bobbi and Kenny McCaughey (pronounced \"McCoy\") had one daughter, Mikayla Marie, born January 3, 1996. While under treatment with ovulation-stimulating Metrodin for infertility, Bobbi became pregnant with seven babies. The McCaugheys, residents of the town of Carlisle, declined selective reduction to reduce the number of infants, saying that they would \"put it in God's hands\". The obstetricians primarily responsible for the medical care of the babies", "title": "McCaughey septuplets" }, { "id": "157917", "text": "Gestation Gestation is the period of development during the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside viviparous animals. It is typical for mammals, but also occurs for some non-mammals. Mammals during pregnancy can have one or more gestations at the same time for example in a multiple birth. The time interval of a gestation is called the \"gestation period\". In human obstetrics, \"gestational age\" refers to the embryonic or fetal age plus two weeks. This is approximately the duration since the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) began. In mammals, pregnancy begins when a zygote (fertilized ovum) implants in the female's", "title": "Gestation" }, { "id": "4959947", "text": "continues at a rapid rate and the cells then develop into what is known as a blastocyst. The blastocyst arrives at the uterus and attaches to the uterine wall, a process known as implantation. The development of the mass of cells that will become the infant is called embryogenesis during the first approximately ten weeks of gestation. During this time, cells begin to differentiate into the various body systems. The basic outlines of the organ, body, and nervous systems are established. By the end of the embryonic stage, the beginnings of features such as fingers, eyes, mouth, and ears become", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "866031", "text": "of labour: the shortening and opening of the cervix, descent and birth of the baby, and the delivery of the placenta. The first stage typically lasts twelve to nineteen hours, the second stage twenty minutes to two hours, and the third stage five to thirty minutes. The first stage begins with crampy abdominal or back pains that last around half a minute and occur every ten to thirty minutes. The crampy pains become stronger and closer together over time. During the second stage pushing with contractions may occur. In the third stage delayed clamping of the umbilical cord is generally", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "2781862", "text": "had around 1 million babies born in 2016. The region of Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest birth rate in the world. As of 2016, Niger, Mali, Uganda, Zambia, and Burundi have the highest birth rates in the world. This is part of the fertility-income paradox, as these countries are very poor, and it may seem counter-intuitive for families there to have so many children. The inverse relationship between income and fertility has been termed a \"demographic-economic \"paradox\"\" by the notion that greater means would enable the production of more offspring as suggested by the influential Thomas Malthus. Afghanistan has the", "title": "Birth rate" }, { "id": "5625607", "text": "Complications of pregnancy Complications of pregnancy are health problems that are caused by pregnancy. Complications that occur primarily during childbirth are termed obstetric labor complications, and problems that occur primarily after childbirth are termed puerperal disorders. Severe complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium are present in 1.6% of mothers in the US and in 1.5% of mothers in Canada. In the immediate postpartum period (puerperium), 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem. Long-term health problems (persisting after six months postpartum) are reported by 31% of women. In 2016, complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium", "title": "Complications of pregnancy" }, { "id": "2341681", "text": "Postpartum period A postpartum (or postnatal) period begins immediately after the birth of a child as the mother's body, including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to a non-pregnant state. The terms puerperium or puerperal period, or immediate postpartum period are commonly used to refer to the first 6 weeks following childbirth. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes the postnatal period as the most critical and yet the most neglected phase in the lives of mothers and babies; most maternal and/or newborn deaths occur during the postnatal period. In scientific literature, the term is commonly abbreviated to P\"x, where x\"", "title": "Postpartum period" }, { "id": "7143880", "text": "birth, which begins with the fetus being pushed out of the birthing canal. The newborn, which is called an infant in humans, should typically begin respiration on its own shortly after birth. Not long after, the placenta eventually falls off on its own. The person assisting the birth may also sever the umbilical cord. A human baby is nearly helpless and the growing child requires high levels of parental care for many years. One important type of early parental care is lactation, feeding the baby milk from the mother's mammary glands in her breasts. Human reproduction Human reproduction is any", "title": "Human reproduction" }, { "id": "866085", "text": "weeks, and the delayed postpartum period, which can last up to 6 months. In the subacute postpartum period, 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem. Long term health problems (persisting after the delayed postpartum period) are reported by 31% of women. Postpartum bleeding is the leading cause of death of birthing mothers in the world, especially in the developing world. Globally it occurs about 8.7 million times and results in 44,000 to 86,000 deaths per year. Uterine atony, the inability of the uterus to contract, is the most common cause of postpartum bleeding. Following delivery of", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "815060", "text": "Infant An infant (from the Latin word \"infans\", meaning \"unable to speak\" or \"speechless\") is the more formal or specialised synonym for \"baby\", the very young offspring of a human. The term may also be used to refer to juveniles of other organisms. A newborn is, in colloquial use, an infant who is only hours, days, or up to one month old. In medical contexts, newborn or neonate (from Latin, \"neonatus\", newborn) refers to an infant in the first 28 days after birth; the term applies to premature, full term, and postmature infants; before birth, the term \"fetus\" is used.", "title": "Infant" }, { "id": "949627", "text": "the species. Offspring In biology, offspring are the young born of living organisms, produced either by a single organism or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two organisms. Collective offspring may be known as a brood or progeny in a more general way. This can refer to a set of simultaneous offspring, such as the chicks hatched from one clutch of eggs, or to all the offspring, as with the honeybee. Human offspring (descendants) are referred to as children (without reference to age, thus one can refer to a parent's \"minor children\" or \"adult children\" or \"infant children\" or \"teenage", "title": "Offspring" }, { "id": "5851599", "text": "Gravidity and parity In biology and human medicine, gravidity and parity are the number of times a female is or has been pregnant (gravidity) and carried the pregnancies to a viable gestational age (parity). These terms are usually coupled, sometimes with additional terms, to indicate more details of the woman's obstetric history. When using these terms: In human medicine, \"gravidity\" refers to the number of times a woman has been pregnant, regardless of whether the pregnancies were interrupted or resulted in a live birth. Terms such as \"gravida 0\", referring to a nulligravida, \"gravida 1\" for a primigravida, and so", "title": "Gravidity and parity" }, { "id": "866091", "text": "2 to 12 weeks, and recovery takes 6 months to a year. Five causes make up about 80% of newborn deaths. They include prematurity and low-birth-weight, infections, lack of oxygen at birth, and trauma during birth. Preterm birth is the birth of an infant at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age. It is estimated that 1 in 10 babies are born prematurely. Premature birth is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age though many that survive experience disabilities including learning defects and visual and hearing problems. Causes for early birth may be unknown or may", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "4540861", "text": "23 weeks of gestation survive, while 50 to 70 percent of babies born at 24 to 25 weeks, and more than 90 percent born at 26 to 27 weeks, survive. It is rare for a baby weighing less than 500 g (17.6 ounces) to survive. A baby's chances for survival increases 3-4% per day between 23 and 24 weeks of gestation and about 2-3% per day between 24 and 26 weeks of gestation. After 26 weeks the rate of survival increases at a much slower rate because survival is high already. Prognosis depends also on medical protocols on whether to", "title": "Gestational age" }, { "id": "4604514", "text": "Surrogacy Surrogacy is an arrangement, often supported by a legal agreement, whereby a woman agrees to become pregnant, carry the pregnancy to due term, and give birth to a child or children, all of this for another person or persons, who are or will ultimately become the parent(s) of the newborn child or children. People may seek a surrogacy arrangement when pregnancy is medically impossible, when pregnancy risks present an unacceptable danger to the mother's health, or when a man alone or a male couple wishes to have a child. In these arrangements, monetary compensation may or may not be", "title": "Surrogacy" }, { "id": "2508950", "text": "Caul A caul or cowl (, literally, \"helmeted head\") is a piece of membrane that can cover a newborn's head and face. Birth with a caul is rare, occurring in fewer than 1 in 80,000 births. The caul is harmless and is immediately removed by the physician or midwife upon delivery of the child. The \"en-caul\" birth, not to be confused with the \"caul\" birth, occurs when the infant is born inside the entire amniotic sac. The sac balloons out at birth, with the amniotic fluid and child remaining inside the unbroken or partially broken membrane. A child \"born with", "title": "Caul" }, { "id": "4959936", "text": "28. Around the middle of the second trimester, movement of the fetus may be felt. At 28 weeks, more than 90% of babies can survive outside of the uterus if provided with high-quality medical care. The third trimester is from 29 weeks through 40 weeks. Prenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes. Prenatal care may include taking extra folic acid, avoiding drugs and alcohol, regular exercise, blood tests, and regular physical examinations. Complications of pregnancy may include disorders of high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, iron-deficiency anemia, and severe nausea and vomiting among others. In the ideal childbirth labor begins on its own", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "866045", "text": "The latent phase is generally defined as beginning at the point at which the woman perceives regular uterine contractions. In contrast, Braxton Hicks contractions, which are contractions that may start around 26 weeks gestation and are sometimes called \"false labour\", are infrequent, irregular, and involve only mild cramping. Cervical effacement, which is the thinning and stretching of the cervix, and cervical dilation occur during the closing weeks of pregnancy. Effacement is usually complete or near complete and dilation is about 5 cm by the end of the latent phase. The degree of cervical effacement and dilation may be felt during", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "4959982", "text": "to the baby. At higher dosages, effects can include miscarriage, birth defects and intellectual disability. About 213 million pregnancies occurred in 2012 of which 190 million were in the developing world and 23 million were in the developed world. This is about 133 pregnancies per 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 44. About 10% to 15% of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage. Globally, 44% of pregnancies are unplanned. Over half (56%) of unplanned pregnancies are aborted. In countries where abortion is prohibited, or only carried out in circumstances where the mother's life is at risk, 48% of unplanned", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "683994", "text": "few years ago. The live birth rate is the percentage of all IVF cycles that lead to a live birth. This rate does not include miscarriage or stillbirth; multiple-order births, such as twins and triplets, are counted as one pregnancy. A 2012 summary compiled by the Society for Reproductive Medicine which reports the average IVF success rates in the United States per age group using non-donor eggs compiled the following data: In 2006, Canadian clinics reported a live birth rate of 27%. Birth rates in younger patients were slightly higher, with a success rate of 35.3% for those 21 and", "title": "In vitro fertilisation" }, { "id": "552113", "text": "survey period. 424 children were born during the survey period resulting in a birth rate of 8.82%. During the same period, 63 people died, resulting in death rate of 1.31%. Of the births in the survey, 406 (95.75%) were in compliance with the family planning policy of China. 312 (73.58%) of the births were the firstborn in the family. (All of these births were in compliance with the family planning policy of China.) Among the firstborn children, 157 were female. 107 (25.24%) of the births were the second-born child in the family. 90 of these births were in compliance with", "title": "One-child policy" }, { "id": "16486897", "text": "Leontina Albina Espinoza Leontina Judith Albina Espinoza (1925 – August 7, 1998) was a woman from Colina, Chile, who was claimed to be the world's most prolific mother. She entered the \"Guinness Book of Records\" in 1983, which reported that she had given birth to 58 children. According to her husband Gerardo Secundo Albina, the couple were married in 1946 in Argentina, and had five sets of triplets – all boys – before emigrating to Chile. By the late 1980s \"only\" 40 of the children – 24 boys and 16 girls – were said to be still alive, and the", "title": "Leontina Albina Espinoza" }, { "id": "8643137", "text": "Pregnancy and Infant Loss Remembrance Day Pregnancy and Infant Loss Remembrance Day is a day of remembrance for pregnancy loss and infant death, which includes, however is not limited to, miscarriage, stillbirth, SIDS, and the death of a newborn. Pregnancy and Infant Loss Remembrance Day is observed on October 15 of each year, in: Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Australian States of Western Australia, New South Wales, New Zealand, Italy, Ireland, Denmark, France, Norway, Kenya, Latin America, Central America, South America, Russia, Germany, South Africa, Japan, China and Kyrgyzstan; more countries join in observation each year, officially or otherwise.", "title": "Pregnancy and Infant Loss Remembrance Day" }, { "id": "12700115", "text": "using ICI, and 15–20% per cycle for IUI. With enhanced technology, the pregnancy rates are substantially higher today than a couple of years ago. In 2006, Canadian clinics reported an average pregnancy rate of 35%. Pregnancy rate Pregnancy rate is the success rate for getting pregnant. It is the percentage of all attempts that leads to pregnancy, with attempts generally referring to menstrual cycles where insemination or any artificial equivalent is used, which may be simple artificial insemination (AI) or AI with additional in vitro fertilization. There is no universally accepted definition of the term. Thus in IVF pregnancy rates", "title": "Pregnancy rate" }, { "id": "866044", "text": "the late night or very early morning and recent (2018) research has found this to be correct in the U.S., but only for babies born at home or on Saturday or Sunday. All other births are most likely to occur between 8 a.m. and noon, a reflection of the fact that planned C-sections are generally scheduled for 8 a.m. Likewise, births from induced deliveries rose during the morning hours and peaked at 3 p.m. The most likely day of the week for a baby's birthday in the U.S. is Monday, followed by Tuesday, likely related to scheduled deliveries as well.", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "4959985", "text": "restricted to Europe. Asia, Japan and the United States are all seeing average age at first birth on the rise, and increasingly the process is spreading to countries in the developing world like China, Turkey and Iran. In the US, the average age of first childbirth was 25.4 in 2010. In the United States and United Kingdom, 40% of pregnancies are unplanned, and between a quarter and half of those unplanned pregnancies were unwanted pregnancies. In most cultures, pregnant women have a special status in society and receive particularly gentle care. At the same time, they are subject to expectations", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "5142862", "text": "which continues for around nine months as the foetus develops. When the foetus has developed to a certain point, pregnancy is concluded with childbirth, involving labor. During labor, the muscles of the uterus contract and the cervix dilates over the course of hours, and the baby passes out of the vagina. Human infants are nearly helpless and require high levels of parental care. Infants rely on their caregivers for comfort, cleanliness, and food. Food may be provided by breastfeeding or formula feeding. The female reproductive system has two functions: to produce egg cells, and to protect and nourish the fetus", "title": "Human reproductive system" }, { "id": "865973", "text": "mammals that give birth. Some reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates carry their developing young inside them. Some of these are ovoviviparous, with the eggs being hatched inside the mother's body, and others are viviparous, with the embryo developing inside her body, as in mammals. Large mammals, such as primates, cattle, horses, some antelopes, giraffes, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, elephants, seals, whales, dolphins, and porpoises, generally are pregnant with one offspring at a time, although they may have twin or multiple births on occasion. In these large animals, the birth process is similar to that of a human, though in most the offspring", "title": "Birth" }, { "id": "2714737", "text": "35 percent of babies born at 23 weeks of gestation survive, while 50 to 70 percent of babies born at 24 to 25 weeks, and more than 90 percent born at 26 to 27 weeks, survive. It is rare for a baby weighing less than 500 g (17.6 ounces) to survive. A baby's chances for survival increases 3-4% per day between 23 and 24 weeks of gestation and about 2-3% per day between 24 and 26 weeks of gestation. After 26 weeks the rate of survival increases at a much slower rate because survival is high already. Due to the", "title": "Late termination of pregnancy" }, { "id": "866032", "text": "recommended. A number of methods can help with pain such as relaxation techniques, opioids, and spinal blocks. Most babies are born head first; however about 4% are born feet or buttock first, known as breech. Typically the heads enter the pelvis facing to one side, and then rotate to face down. During labour a woman can generally eat and move around as she likes, but pushing is not recommended during the first stage or during delivery of the head, and enemas are not recommended. While making a cut to the opening of the vagina, known as an episiotomy, is common,", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "1752182", "text": "Following a stillbirth, women are at higher risk of another one; however, most subsequent pregnancies do not have similar problems. Depression, financial loss, and family breakdown are known complications. Worldwide in 2015 there were about 2.6 million stillbirths that occurred after 28 weeks of pregnancy (about 1 for every 45 births). They occur most commonly in the developing world, particularly South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. In the United States for every 167 births there is one stillbirth. There is, as of 2016, no international classification system for stillbirth causes. The causes of a large percentage of stillbirths is unknown, even", "title": "Stillbirth" }, { "id": "1801621", "text": "1968 and just under 60 million by 1999. The farm population declined sharply, from 35% of the workforce in 1945 to under 5% by 2000. By 2004, France had the second highest birthrate in Europe, behind only Ireland. The term \"baby boom\" most often refers to the post–World War II baby boom(1946–1964) when the number of annual births exceeded 2 per 100 women (or approximately 1% of the total population size). There are an estimated 78.3 million Americans who were born during this period. The term is a general demographic and is also applicable to other similar population expansions. Recent", "title": "Baby boom" }, { "id": "12700110", "text": "zero in one cycle, where no oocytes become fertilized, is termed a \"total fertilization failure\". Repeated ICSI treatment may be useful or necessary in couples with total fertilization failure. Implantation rate is the percentage of embryos which successfully undergo implantation compared to the number of embryos transferred in a given period. In practice, it is generally calculated as the number of intrauterine gestational sacs observed by transvaginal ultrasonography divided by the number of transferred embryos. As an example, one center in the United States reported an implantation rate in IVF of 37% at a maternal age of less than 35", "title": "Pregnancy rate" }, { "id": "4959946", "text": "lining of the uterus. This is about a week to ten days after fertilization. In this model, during the time between conception and implantation, the future fetus exists, but the woman is not considered pregnant. The sperm and the egg cell, which has been released from one of the female's two ovaries, unite in one of the two fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg, known as a zygote, then moves toward the uterus, a journey that can take up to a week to complete. Cell division begins approximately 24 to 36 hours after the male and female cells unite. Cell division", "title": "Pregnancy" }, { "id": "2824541", "text": "Breech birth A breech birth is when a baby is born bottom first instead of head first. Around 3-5% of pregnant women at term (37–40 weeks pregnant) have a breech baby. Most babies in the breech position are born by a caesarean section because it is seen as safer than being born vaginally. Doctors and midwives in the developing world have thus lost many of the skills required to safely assist women giving birth to a breech baby vaginally. Delivering all breech babies by caesarean section in developing countries is difficult to implement as there are not always resources available", "title": "Breech birth" }, { "id": "3564761", "text": "largest teaching hospitals in the nation. Texas Woman's University began its Bachelor of Science nursing program at Parkland in 1954 and it is still located within walking distance of the Parkland campus. Parkland also serves as the major teaching hospital of the adjacent University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. It has the distinction of delivering more infants under one roof than any other hospital in the nation, averaging 15–16,000 deliveries per year. Parkland Memorial has eleven prenatal clinics and employs 80 doctors training to become obstetricians-gynecologists and 45 nurse-midwives. In 2005, the staff delivered 15,590 babies, an average of more", "title": "Parkland Memorial Hospital" }, { "id": "13025205", "text": "numbers, one sample would on average help giving rise to 0.1–0.6 children, that is, it actually takes on average 2–5 samples to make a child. For intrauterine insemination, a \"centrifugation fraction\" (\"f\") may be added to the equation: Only 5 million motile sperm may be needed per cycle with IUI (\"n\"=5 million) Thus, only 1–3 samples may be needed for a child if used for IUI. Using ART treatments such as IVF can result in one donor sample (or ejaculate) producing on average considerably more than one birth. However, the actual number of births per sample will depend on the", "title": "Sperm donation" }, { "id": "6568262", "text": "of having no medical follow-up in case there are complications. United States: The National Center for Health Statistics reports that of the 4.1 million babies born in the United States in 2004, more than 7,000 were born at home without a midwife or physician attending. It is unknown what portion of these births, roughly equivalent to a sixth of 1% of the nation's annual total, occurred by choice. Australia: It is not currently known how many women in Australia give birth at home by choice without medical assistance. Home births in Australia represent just 0.25 percent of all births, with", "title": "Unassisted childbirth" }, { "id": "1887827", "text": "Fertility Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring. As a measure, fertility rate is the number of offspring born per mating pair, individual or population. Fertility differs from fecundity, which is defined as the \"potential\" for reproduction (influenced by gamete production, fertilization and carrying a pregnancy to term) . A lack of fertility is infertility while a lack of fecundity would be called sterility. Human fertility depends on factors of nutrition, sexual behavior, consanguinity, culture, instinct, endocrinology, timing, economics, way of life, and emotions. In demographic contexts, fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical", "title": "Fertility" }, { "id": "5625618", "text": "perinatal death than a \"high-risk\" pregnancy. Complications of pregnancy Complications of pregnancy are health problems that are caused by pregnancy. Complications that occur primarily during childbirth are termed obstetric labor complications, and problems that occur primarily after childbirth are termed puerperal disorders. Severe complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium are present in 1.6% of mothers in the US and in 1.5% of mothers in Canada. In the immediate postpartum period (puerperium), 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem. Long-term health problems (persisting after six months postpartum) are reported by 31% of women. In 2016, complications", "title": "Complications of pregnancy" }, { "id": "845026", "text": "multiple births more frequently than unassisted fertilizations do. It may also be linked to the increase of growth hormones in food. About 1 in 90 human births (1.1%) results from a twin pregnancy. The rate of \"dizygotic\" twinning varies greatly among ethnic groups, ranging as high as about 45 per 1000 births (4.5%) for the Yoruba to 10% for Linha São Pedro, a tiny Brazilian settlement which belongs to the city of Cândido Godói. In Cândido Godói, one in five pregnancies has resulted in twins. The Argentine historian Jorge Camarasa has put forward the theory that experiments of the Nazi", "title": "Twin" }, { "id": "866055", "text": "after giving birth, called postpartum bleeding. However a recent review found that delayed cord cutting in healthy full-term infants resulted in early haemoglobin concentration and higher birthweight and increased iron reserves up to six months after birth with no change in the rate of postpartum bleeding. The \"fourth stage of labour\" is the period beginning immediately after the birth of a child and extending for about six weeks. The terms postpartum and postnatal are often used to describe this period. The woman's body, including hormone levels and uterus size, return to a non-pregnant state and the newborn adjusts to life", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "2981302", "text": "the vagina. It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall. Approximately half its length is visible, the remainder lies above the vagina beyond view. The vagina has a thick layer outside and it is the opening where the fetus emerges during delivery. The uterus or womb is the major female reproductive organ. The uterus provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo (weeks 1 to 8) and fetus (from week 9 until the delivery). In addition, contractions in the muscular wall of the uterus are important in pushing out", "title": "Female reproductive system" }, { "id": "4540859", "text": "diameter (BPD) in the second trimester. Other algorithms take into account other variables, such as whether this is the first or subsequent child, the mother's race, age, length of menstrual cycle, and menstrual regularity. In order to have a standard reference point, the normal pregnancy duration is assumed by medical professionals to be 280 days (or 40 weeks) of gestational age. Furthermore, actual childbirth has only a certain probability of occurring within the limits of the estimated due date. A study of singleton live births came to the result that childbirth has a standard deviation of 14 days when gestational", "title": "Gestational age" }, { "id": "846339", "text": "history has also seen increasing numbers of multiple births. In the United States, it has been estimated that by 2011, 36% of twin births and 78% of triplet and higher-order births resulted from conception by assisted reproductive technology. Twins are by far the most common form of multiple births in humans. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report more than 132,000 sets of twins out of 3.9 million births of all kinds each year, about 3.4%, or 1 in 30. Identical triplets come from a monozygotic pregnancy, three fetuses from one egg. The most common set, strictly fraternal", "title": "Multiple birth" }, { "id": "1801614", "text": "at all on loans for veterans. Getting settled in with a more comfortable economic position allowed families to have a place to live, be educated, and start having babies. \"Now thriving on the American Dream, life was simple, jobs were plentiful, and a record number of babies were born.\" The U.S. birthrate exploded after World War II. From 1944 to 1961, more than 65 million children were born in the United States. At the height of this baby boom, a child was born every seven seconds. Factors that contributed to the baby boom consisted of young couples who started families", "title": "Baby boom" }, { "id": "434426", "text": "Uterus The uterus (from Latin \"uterus\", plural \"uteri\") or womb is a major female hormone-responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals. In the human, the lower end of the uterus, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the upper end, the fundus, is connected to the fallopian tubes. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation. In the human embryo, the uterus develops from the paramesonephric ducts which fuse into the single organ known as a simplex uterus. The uterus has different forms in many other animals and in some", "title": "Uterus" }, { "id": "866056", "text": "outside the mother's body. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes the postnatal period as the most critical and yet the most neglected phase in the lives of mothers and babies; most deaths occur during the postnatal period. Following the birth, if the mother had an episiotomy or a tearing of the perineum, it is stitched. The mother has regular assessments for uterine contraction and fundal height, vaginal bleeding, heart rate and blood pressure, and temperature, for the first 24 hours after birth. The first passing of urine should be documented within 6 hours. Afterpains (pains similar to menstrual cramps), contractions", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "12661939", "text": "Fetus A fetus or foetus (; plural fetuses, feti or foetuses) is the prenatal stage between the embryonic stage and birth . In human development the fetal stage begins from the ninth week after fertilisation (or eleventh week gestational age) and continues until birth. Prenatal development is a continuum, with no clear defining feature distinguishing an embryo from a fetus. However, a fetus is characterized by the presence of all the major body organs, though they will not yet be fully developed and functional and some not yet situated in their final anatomical location. The word \"fetus\" (plural \"fetuses\") is", "title": "Fetus" }, { "id": "1586289", "text": "Maternal mortality has additional challenges, especially as they pertain to stillbirths, abortions, and multiple births. In some countries, during the 1920s a stillbirth was defined as \"a birth of at least twenty weeks' gestation in which the child shows no evidence of life after complete birth\". In most countries, however, a stillbirth was defined as \"the birth of a fetus, after 28 weeks of pregnancy, in which pulmonary respiration does not occur\". Ideally, all mortality estimation would be done using vital statistics and census data. Census data will give detailed information about the population at risk of death. The vital", "title": "Mortality rate" }, { "id": "866082", "text": "U.S. rate has risen to 26.4. By comparison, the United Kingdom ranks second highest at 9.2 and Finland is the safest at 3.8. Furthermore, for every one of the 700 to 900 U.S. woman who die each year during pregnancy or childbirth, 70 experience significant complications such as hemorrhage and organ failure, totaling more than 1 percent of all births. Compared to other developed nations, the United States also has high infant mortality rates. The Trust for America's Health reports that as of 2011, about one third of American births have some complications; many are directly related to the mother's", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "3191165", "text": "weeks (9 months) of gestation becomes a fetus. After this span of time, the fully grown fetus is birthed from the woman's body and breathes independently as an infant for the first time. At this point, most modern cultures recognize the baby as a person entitled to the full protection of the law, though some jurisdictions extend various levels of personhood earlier to human fetuses while they remain in the uterus. Compared with other species, human childbirth is dangerous. Painful labors lasting 24 hours or more are not uncommon and sometimes lead to the death of the mother, the child", "title": "Human" }, { "id": "5371564", "text": "Male pregnancy Male pregnancy is the incubation of one or more embryos or fetuses by male members of some species. Most species that reproduce by sexual reproduction are heterogamous—females producing larger gametes (ova) and males producing smaller gametes (sperm). In nearly all animal species, offspring are carried by the female until birth, but in fish of the Syngnathidae family (pipefish, seahorses and the leafy seadragon), males perform this function. Human males incubating fetuses are a subject of popular imagination and a recurring theme in speculative fiction. In some very rare genetic conditions, genotypical males develop as female and possess the", "title": "Male pregnancy" }, { "id": "866052", "text": "in subsequent labours, birth is usually completed within 2 hours. Labours longer than 3 hours are associated with declining rates of spontaneous vaginal delivery and increasing rates of infection, perineal tears, and obstetric hemorrhage, as well as the need for intensive care of the neonate. The period from just after the fetus is expelled until just after the placenta is expelled is called the \"third stage of labour\" or the \"involution stage\". Placental expulsion begins as a physiological separation from the wall of the uterus. The average time from delivery of the baby until complete expulsion of the placenta is", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "865974", "text": "is precocial. This means that it is born in a more advanced state than a human baby and is able to stand, walk and run (or swim in the case of an aquatic mammal) shortly after birth. In the case of whales, dolphins and porpoises, the single calf is normally born tail first which minimises the risk of drowning. The mother encourages the newborn calf to rise to the surface of the water to breathe. Most smaller mammals have multiple births, producing litters of young which may number twelve or more. In these animals, each fetus is surrounded by its", "title": "Birth" }, { "id": "19474124", "text": "child both needs adequate monitoring. Inadequate monitoring during labour can increase the chances of the baby going into distress which can potentially lead to the death of child before birth. It is also known as still birth. Its an unfortunate scenario that the largest number of stillbirths, more than 330,000 every year, happen only in India. Female relatives and neighbors may support the mother by serving tea, heating water, and helping with wrapping the newborn after birth. Birth location often determines the amount and type of supportive behavior. Women who give birth in hospitals are generally supported by nurses, although", "title": "Childbirth in India" }, { "id": "9061323", "text": "terms and the reader is advised to be cautious. An average gestational period (duration of pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual period up to delivery) is 280 days. On average, this is 9 months and 6 days. The following formula is an approximation that can be used up to 14 weeks of gestational age, with CRL in mm and gestational age in days: Gestational age = (CRL x 1.037) x 8.052 + 23.73 Crown-rump length Crown-rump length (CRL) is the measurement of the length of human embryos and fetuses from the top of the head (crown) to", "title": "Crown-rump length" }, { "id": "866063", "text": "A large review of methods of induction was published in 2011. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines recommend a full evaluation of the maternal-fetal status, the status of the cervix, and at least a 39 completed weeks (full term) of gestation for optimal health of the newborn when considering elective induction of labour. Per these guidelines, the following conditions may be an indication for induction, including: Induction is also considered for logistical reasons, such as the distance from hospital or psychosocial conditions, but in these instances gestational age confirmation must be done, and the maturity of the", "title": "Childbirth" }, { "id": "5818930", "text": "lasts for four to six days), it seeks the company of males. During courtship, the male will pursue the female, test her urine to check if she is in oestrus and lick her rump and flanks. Gestation lasts for six to seven months, following which a single calf is born; births peak from November to December in southern Africa. The newborn is kept in concealment for nearly a month; the mother pays regular visits to her calf to suckle it for nearly half an hour. Males may guard their offspring from predators and keep away other males. Weaning takes place", "title": "Oribi" }, { "id": "4540864", "text": "by the World Health Organization in the latter part of the century. Babies who were less than 28 weeks of gestational age, or weighed less than 1000 grams, or less than 35 cm in length – even if they showed some sign of life (breathing, heartbeat, voluntary muscle movement) – were classified as \"live fetuses\" rather than \"live births.\" Only if such newborns survived seven days (168 hours) were they then classified as live births. If, however, they died within that interval, they were classified as stillbirths. If they survived that interval but died within the first 365 days they", "title": "Gestational age" }, { "id": "5371587", "text": "varying by author. The most common rules followed are Omegaverse, which was first established in fanfiction. Male pregnancy Male pregnancy is the incubation of one or more embryos or fetuses by male members of some species. Most species that reproduce by sexual reproduction are heterogamous—females producing larger gametes (ova) and males producing smaller gametes (sperm). In nearly all animal species, offspring are carried by the female until birth, but in fish of the Syngnathidae family (pipefish, seahorses and the leafy seadragon), males perform this function. Human males incubating fetuses are a subject of popular imagination and a recurring theme in", "title": "Male pregnancy" }, { "id": "19062148", "text": "was their future and she says everything she did was to keep that future alive. He asks again for the truth and she says they're almost there and kisses him. She says she can't tell him everything because he would try and stop her. After the kiss, Hook gets groggy and asks what she's doing, before passing out. At the rehabilitation cell, Zelena reads \"Hansel and Gretel\" to her unborn child, before going into pain, screaming and banging on the door. Regina and Robin show up and they look at her pregnant body, which has accelerated by seven months (from", "title": "Birth (Once Upon a Time)" }, { "id": "2508969", "text": "knew what I was going to do before I did. ... It was spooky how much she knew.\" Caul A caul or cowl (, literally, \"helmeted head\") is a piece of membrane that can cover a newborn's head and face. Birth with a caul is rare, occurring in fewer than 1 in 80,000 births. The caul is harmless and is immediately removed by the physician or midwife upon delivery of the child. The \"en-caul\" birth, not to be confused with the \"caul\" birth, occurs when the infant is born inside the entire amniotic sac. The sac balloons out at birth,", "title": "Caul" }, { "id": "846353", "text": "of quintuplets, 17 sets of quadruplets, and 228 sets of triplets. By doing this study, Hammond found that the mean gestational age (how many weeks when birthed) at birth was 33.4 weeks for triplets and 31 weeks for quadruplets. This shows that stillbirth happens usually 3–5 weeks before the woman reaches full term and also that for sextuplets or higher it almost always ends in death of the fetuses. Though multiples are at a greater risk of being stillborn, there is inconclusive evidence whether the actual mortality rate is higher in multiples than in singletons. Today many multiple pregnancies are", "title": "Multiple birth" }, { "id": "4057098", "text": "reported among mothers over age 50 (four per 100,000 births), with 194 being over 55. The oldest mother to date to conceive, was 71 years, and the youngest mother, 5 years old. According to statistics from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, in the UK more than 20 babies are born to women over age 50 per year through in-vitro fertilization with the use of donor oocytes (eggs). Maria del Carmen Bousada de Lara is the oldest verified mother; she was aged 67 years 3 days when she gave birth to twins; she was 130 days older than Adriana Iliescu,", "title": "Pregnancy over age 50" }, { "id": "866110", "text": "healthcare facilities for 4 million annual births in the United States was estimated at over $50 billion. The summed cost of prenatal care, childbirth, and newborn care came to $30,000 for a vaginal delivery and $50,000 for a caesarian section. In the United States, childbirth hospital stays have some of the lowest ICU utilizations. Vaginal delivery with and without complicating diagnoses and caesarean section with and without comorbidities or major comorbidities account for four of the fifteen types of hospital stays with low rates of ICU utilization (where less than 20% of visits were admitted to the ICU). During stays", "title": "Childbirth" } ]

[ "oracle" ]

[ { "id": "16137", "text": "of Apollo. The Roman worship of Apollo was adopted from the Greeks. As a quintessentially Greek god, Apollo had no direct Roman equivalent, although later Roman poets often referred to him as Phoebus. There was a tradition that the Delphic oracle was consulted as early as the period of the kings of Rome during the reign of Tarquinius Superbus. On the occasion of a pestilence in the 430s BCE, Apollo's first temple at Rome was established in the Flaminian fields, replacing an older cult site there known as the \"Apollinare\". During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the \"Ludi", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "9483806", "text": "the oracle and/or the Seven Sages of Greece (\"know thyself\" perhaps also being attributed to other famous philosophers). The temple survived until AD 390, when the Roman emperor Theodosius I silenced the oracle by destroying the temple and most of the statues and works of art in the name of Christianity. The site was completely destroyed by zealous Christians in an attempt to remove all traces of Paganism. The ruins of this temple decay at a faster rate than some of the other ruins on the Southern slopes of the Parnassos mountain. This is mostly due to the use of", "title": "Temple of Apollo (Delphi)" }, { "id": "9483804", "text": "Temple of Apollo (Delphi) The ruins of the Temple of Apollo visible today date from the 4th century BC, and are of a peripteral Doric building. It was erected by Spintharus, Xenodoros, and Agathon on the remains of an earlier temple, dated to the 6th century BC which itself was erected on the site of a 7th-century BC construction attributed to the architects Trophonios and Agamedes. The 6th-century BC temple was named the \"Temple of Alcmonidae\" in tribute to the Athenian family who funded its reconstruction following a fire, which had destroyed the original structure. The new building was a", "title": "Temple of Apollo (Delphi)" }, { "id": "9483805", "text": "Doric hexastyle temple of 6 by 15 columns. This temple was destroyed in 375 BC by an earthquake. The pediment sculptures are a tribute to Praxias and Androsthenes of Athens. Of a similar proportion to the second temple it retained the 6 by 15 column pattern around the stylobate. Inside was the adyton, the centre of the Delphic oracle and seat of Pythia. The temple had the statement \"Know thyself\", one of the Delphic maxims, carved into it (and some modern Greek writers say the rest were carved into it), and the maxims were attributed to Apollo and given through", "title": "Temple of Apollo (Delphi)" }, { "id": "9199723", "text": "Delphinion A Delphinion (ancient Greek: Δελφίνιον) found in ancient Greece, was a temple of Apollo Delphinios (\"Apollo of the womb\") also known as \"Delphic Apollo\" or \"Pythian Apollo\", the principal god of Delphi, who was regarded as the protector of ports and ships. The ruin of the Delphinion in Miletus is still mostly standing. A rectangular temenos, the remains of the temple at the site date back to as early as the fifth century B.C.E. Still present are a rectangular altar with volute acroteria, as well as a few other round marble altars. An \"annual Spring procession which went from", "title": "Delphinion" }, { "id": "16055", "text": "ascribed to the god. However, while Apollo has a great number of appellations in Greek myth, only a few occur in Latin literature. Apollo's birthplace was Mount Cynthus on the island of Delos. Delphi and Actium were his primary places of worship. Apollo was worshipped throughout the Roman Empire. In the traditionally Celtic lands he was most often seen as a healing and sun god. He was often equated with Celtic gods of similar character. The cult centers of Apollo in Greece, Delphi and Delos, date from the 8th century BCE. The Delos sanctuary was primarily dedicated to Artemis, Apollo's", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "640124", "text": "Pythia The Pythia (, ) was the name of the high priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi who also served as the oracle, commonly known as the Oracle of Delphi. The name \"Pythia\" is derived from Pytho, which in myth was the original name of Delphi. In etymology, the Greeks derived this place name from the verb, () \"to rot\", which refers to the sickly sweet smell of the decomposition of the body of the monstrous Python after she was slain by Apollo. The Pythia was established at the latest in the 8th century BC, and was widely", "title": "Pythia" }, { "id": "9483808", "text": "was constructed between 525-505 BC and ruined by fire or earthquake in 373 BC, the sixth temple of Apollo was finished in 320 BC and is the one visible today. Temple of Apollo (Delphi) The ruins of the Temple of Apollo visible today date from the 4th century BC, and are of a peripteral Doric building. It was erected by Spintharus, Xenodoros, and Agathon on the remains of an earlier temple, dated to the 6th century BC which itself was erected on the site of a 7th-century BC construction attributed to the architects Trophonios and Agamedes. The 6th-century BC temple", "title": "Temple of Apollo (Delphi)" }, { "id": "16085", "text": "taught to the humans the art of healing and archery. Phoebe, his grandmother, gave the oracular shrine of Delphi to Apollo as a birthday gift. Themis inspired him to be the oracular voice of Delphi thereon. Later, with his bow and arrows that he had received from Hephaestus, Apollo went in search of the chthonic dragon Python, which lived in Delphi beside the Castalian Spring, and was a terror to the people. Hera had sent this serpent to hunt the pregnant Leto to her death across the world. To avenge the trouble given to his mother, Apollo killed Python in", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "16063", "text": "word \"pella\" (Pella), \"stone\". Stones played an important part in the cult of the god, especially in the oracular shrine of Delphi (Omphalos). The \"Homeric hymn\" represents Apollo as a Northern intruder. His arrival must have occurred during the \"Dark Ages\" that followed the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization, and his conflict with Gaia (Mother Earth) was represented by the legend of his slaying her daughter the serpent Python. The earth deity had power over the ghostly world, and it is believed that she was the deity behind the oracle. The older tales mentioned two dragons who were perhaps intentionally", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "16127", "text": "words, founded eponymous cities. Apollo fathered 3 daughters, Nete, Mese, Hypate, who formed a minor group of Muses, the \"Musa Apollonides\". They were worshipped at Apollo's shrine in Delphi and are named after the highest, middle and lowest strings of his lyre. His other daughters are Phemonoe (the poetess and seer), Eriopis (known for her lovely hair), Pamphile (silk weaver), Phoebe and Hilyra (the wives of Dioscuri), Parthenos (turned into a constellation upon her death) and by some accounts, Scylla. Additionally, Apollo fostered and educated Chiron, the centaur who later became the greatest teacher and educated many demigods, including Apollo's", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "15482015", "text": "Xenoclea Xenoclea (Ancient Greek: Ξενόκλεια), who appears as a character in the legend of Hercules, was the \"Pythia\", or priestess and oracle, of the temple of Apollo at Delphi. The Delphic oracle was a historical reality and was established in the 8th century BC. According to Pausanias and others, Hercules travelled to Delphi to consult the Oracle following the death of Iphitus, whom he had thrown off a wall in the city of Tiryns while Iphitus was staying with him as a guest. Suffering from nightmares, Hercules sought advice as to how to be cured. However, when he came to", "title": "Xenoclea" }, { "id": "97428", "text": "that Apollo walked to Delphi from the north and stopped at Tempe, a city in Thessaly, to pick laurel (also known as bay tree) which he considered to be a sacred plant. In commemoration of this legend, the winners at the Pythian Games received a wreath of laurel picked in the temple. Delphi became the site of a major temple to Phoebus Apollo, as well as the Pythian Games and the prehistoric oracle. Even in Roman times, hundreds of votive statues remained, described by Pliny the Younger and seen by Pausanias. Carved into the temple were three phrases: (\"gnōthi seautón\"", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "7915984", "text": "Adyton The adyton () or (Latin) was a restricted area within the cella of a Greek or Roman temple. The \"adyton\" was frequently a small area at the farthest end of the cella from the entrance: at Delphi it measured just . The \"adyton\" often would house the cult image of the deity. \"Adyta\" were spaces reserved for oracles, priestesses, priests, or acolytes, and not for the general public. \"Adyta\" were found frequently associated with temples of Apollo, as at Didyma, Bassae, Clarus, Delos, and Delphi, although they were also said to have been natural phenomena (see the story of", "title": "Adyton" }, { "id": "16056", "text": "twin sister. At Delphi, Apollo was venerated as the slayer of Pytho. For the Greeks, Apollo was all the Gods in one and through the centuries he acquired different functions which could originate from different gods. In archaic Greece he was the prophet, the oracular god who in older times was connected with \"healing\". In classical Greece he was the god of light and of music, but in popular religion he had a strong function to keep away evil. Walter Burkert discerned three components in the prehistory of Apollo worship, which he termed \"a Dorian-northwest Greek component, a Cretan-Minoan component,", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "9483807", "text": "limestone, a softer material, along with porous stone. The first temple of Apollo was, according to the myth, made of daphne (laurel the sacred symbol of Apollo), the second temple of Apollo was made of bees wax and feathers (the remains of two structures dating from the 8th century BC could be associated with the first two temples), the third temple of Apollo was made out of bronze, the fourth temple of Apollo was constructed around the end of the 7th century BC and, according to Pausanias, ruined by fire in 548 BC, the fifth temple of Apollo (Alcmaeonid Temple)", "title": "Temple of Apollo (Delphi)" }, { "id": "97423", "text": "\"drako\" a serpent or a dragon who lived there and protected the navel of the Earth. \"Python\" (derived from the verb πύθω (\"pythō\"), \"to rot\") is claimed by some to be the original name of the site in recognition of Python which Apollo defeated. The Homeric Hymn to Delphic Apollo recalled that the ancient name of this site had been \"Krisa\". Others relate that it was named Pytho (Πυθώ) and that Pythia, the priestess serving as the oracle, was chosen from their ranks by a group of priestesses who officiated at the temple. Excavation at Delphi, which was a post-Mycenaean", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "19629483", "text": "Temple of Apollo (Melite) The Temple of Apollo () was a Roman temple in the city of Melite, in modern Mdina, Malta. It was dedicated to Apollo, the god of the sun and music. The temple was built in the 2nd century AD, and it overlooked a semi-circular theatre. The temple's ruins were discovered in the 18th century, and many architectural fragments were dispersed among private collections or reworked into new sculptures. Parts of the temple's crepidoma still exist, having been rediscovered in 2002. The Temple of Apollo might have been built on the site of an earlier Punic sacred", "title": "Temple of Apollo (Melite)" }, { "id": "97435", "text": "the rock; the goatherd noticing this held his head over the chasm causing the fumes to go to his brain; throwing him into a strange trance. Apollo spoke through his oracle. She had to be an older woman of blameless life chosen from among the peasants of the area. Alone in an enclosed inner sanctum (Ancient Greek \"adyton\" - \"do not enter\") she sat on a tripod seat over an opening in the earth (the \"chasm\"). According to legend, when Apollo slew Python its body fell into this fissure and fumes arose from its decomposing body. Intoxicated by the vapours,", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "16150", "text": "by the climatic conditions, and also due to the general Greek belief that nature expresses itself in \"ideal forms\" that can be imagined and represented. These forms expressed immortality. Apollo was the immortal god of \"ideal balance and order\". His shrine in Delphi, that he shared in winter with Dionysius had the inscriptions: (gnōthi seautón=\"know thyself\") and (\"mēdén ágan\", \"nothing in excess\"), and (eggýa pára d'atē, \"make a pledge and mischief is nigh\"). In the first large-scale depictions during the early archaic period (640–580 BC), the artists tried to draw one's attention to look into the interior of the face", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "9199724", "text": "Miletus to the Temple of Apollo at Didyma began at the Delphinion\" Inscriptions found on the walls of the Delphinion tell us the site also served as the city archive. The Delphinion in Athens near the Acropolis contained a court of law, which was used to try homicide cases where the accused had claimed the defence of justifiable homicide. Delphinion A Delphinion (ancient Greek: Δελφίνιον) found in ancient Greece, was a temple of Apollo Delphinios (\"Apollo of the womb\") also known as \"Delphic Apollo\" or \"Pythian Apollo\", the principal god of Delphi, who was regarded as the protector of ports", "title": "Delphinion" }, { "id": "16129", "text": "jumped into the sea. To avoid her death, Apollo turned her into a nymph and let her go. Castalia was a nymph whom Apollo loved. She fled from him and dove into the spring at Delphi, at the base of Mt. Parnassos, which was then named after her. Water from this spring was sacred; it was used to clean the Delphian temples and inspire the priestesses. Cassandra, was a daughter of Hecuba and Priam. Apollo wished to court her. Cassandra promised to return his love on one condition - he should give her the power to see the future. Apollo", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "19629484", "text": "structure. It is believed to have been built in the 2nd century AD, and an inscription recording a private benefactor paying for the construction of parts of the temple was discovered in 1747. The temple was built out of marble, and it had a tetrastyle portico with Ionic columns, raised on a podium. It overlooked a semi-circular theatre. The temple's architecture was influenced by the Carthaginian style, as it also resembled the style popular in Roman North Africa. If still in use by the 4th-century, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman", "title": "Temple of Apollo (Melite)" }, { "id": "3436503", "text": "ritual focus being water. The 6th century \"Didymaion\", dedicated to Apollo, enclosed a smaller temple that was its predecessor, which archaeologists have identified. Its treasury was enriched by gifts from Croesus. Apollo was worshipped in nearby Miletus under the name Delphinius (the same name was also used at Delphi). At Didyma, he was worshipped as Didymeus (Διδυμευς). His other names in the area were Philesios, and Carinus (Καρινος). Until its destruction by the Persians in 494 BC, Didyma's sanctuary was administered by the family of the Branchidae, who claimed descent from an eponymous Branchos, a youth beloved of Apollo. The", "title": "Didyma" }, { "id": "16067", "text": "in the islands. Apollo's sister Artemis, who was the Greek goddess of hunting, is identified with Britomartis (Diktynna), the Minoan \"Mistress of the animals\". In her earliest depictions she is accompanied by the \"Mister of the animals\", a male god of hunting who had the bow as his attribute. His original name is unknown, but it seems that he was absorbed by the more popular Apollo, who stood by the virgin \"Mistress of the Animals\", becoming her brother. The old oracles in Delphi seem to be connected with a local tradition of the priesthood, and there is not clear evidence", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "16121", "text": "to die in the wild, Apollo asked Hermes to save the child and bring him to the oracle at Delphi, where he was raised by a priestess. Hyacinth or Hyacinthus was Apollo's favorite lover. He was a Spartan prince, beautiful and athletic. The pair was practicing throwing the discus when the discus thrown by Apollo was blown off course by the jealous Zephyrus and struck Hyacinthus in the head, killing him instantly. Apollo is said to be filled with grief: out of Hyacinthus' blood, Apollo created a flower named after him as a memorial to his death, and his tears", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "10017758", "text": "for she was a very bloody plague\", and says that \"whosoever met the dragoness, the day of doom would sweep him away\". According to the Hymn, she was the foster mother of the snaky monster Typhon, who was given to the dragoness, \"an evil to an evil\" (\"κακῷ κακόν\"), by his mother Hera. Typhon was to eventually battle Zeus, for supremacy of the cosmos. The \"Hymn\" goes on to describe how, while building his oracular temple at Delphi, Apollo encountered the she-serpent near a \"sweet flowing spring\". Apollo shot the dragoness with an arrow from his bow, and the monster:", "title": "Delphyne" }, { "id": "16045", "text": "the most Greek of all gods. Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as \"Apulu\". As the patron of Delphi (\"Pythian Apollo\"), Apollo was an oracular god—the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius, yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague. As an archer who never missed, Apollo carried a golden bow (silver bow, sometimes) and a quiver of golden arrows. As the inventor of archery and taught the same to the people. His arrows", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "872192", "text": "serpent named Typhon: \"The narrators seem to have confused the dragon of Delphi, Python, with Typhon or Typhoeus, the adversary of Zeus\". The enemy dragoness \"... actually became an Apollonian serpent, and Pythia, the priestess who gave oracles at Delphi, was named after him. Many pictures show the serpent Python living in amity with Apollo and guarding the Omphalos, the sacred navel stone and midpoint of the earth, which stood in Apollo's temple\" (Kerenyi 1951:136). This myth has been described as an allegory for the dispersal of the fogs and clouds of vapor which arise from ponds and marshes (Python)", "title": "Python (mythology)" }, { "id": "16066", "text": "is a healer physician god. However the Indo-European component of Apollo does not explain his strong relation with omens, exorcisms, and with the oracular cult. It seems an oracular cult existed in Delphi from the Mycenaean age. In historical times, the priests of Delphi were called Lab(r)yadai, \"the double-axe men\", which indicates Minoan origin. The double-axe, labrys, was the holy symbol of the Cretan labyrinth. The Homeric hymn adds that Apollo appeared as a dolphin and carried Cretan priests to Delphi, where they evidently transferred their religious practices. \"Apollo Delphinios\" or \"Delphidios\" was a sea-god especially worshiped in Crete and", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "16105", "text": "Boetians to build a town around the tomb of the hero, and to honor him for his bravery and sacrifice. Apollo saved a shepherd (name unknown) from death in a large deep cave, by the means of vultures. To thank him, the shepherd built Apollo a temple under the name Vulturius. Apollo guided Aphrodite to his sanctuary when she was grief-stricken with Adonis' death. He helped her free herself from the heartbreak. Apollo divides months into summer and winter. He rides on the back of a swan to the land of the Hyperboreans during the winter months, and the absence", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "12047022", "text": "Temple of Apollo Patroos The Temple of Apollo Patroos (meaning \"from the fathers\") is a small ruined temple of Ionic order built in 340-320 BCE. It is 10 m wide and 16.5 m long, and is located north-west of the Ancient Agora of Athens, near the Stoa of Zeus. Apollo was considered to be the founder of the Ionian race and protector of families. The temple's interior had a cult statue dedicated to the god and made by the famous Greek sculptor Euphranor. Pausanias described the temple in the second century: If still in use by the 4th-century, the temple", "title": "Temple of Apollo Patroos" }, { "id": "97436", "text": "the sibyl would fall into a trance, allowing Apollo to possess her spirit. In this state she prophesied. The oracle could not be consulted during the winter months, for this was traditionally the time when Apollo would live among the Hyperboreans. Dionysus would inhabit the temple during his absence. The time to consult pythia for an oracle during the year is determined from astronomical and geological grounds related to the constellations of Lyra and Cygnus but the hydrocarbon vapours emitted from the chasm. Similar practice was followed in other Apollo oracles too. While in a trance the Pythia \"raved\" –", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "16068", "text": "that a kind of inspiration-prophecy existed in the temple. This led some scholars to the conclusion that Pythia carried on the rituals in a consistent procedure through many centuries, according to the local tradition. In that regard, the mythical seeress Sibyl of Anatolian origin, with her ecstatic art, looks unrelated to the oracle itself. However, the Greek tradition is referring to the existence of vapours and chewing of laurel-leaves, which seem to be confirmed by recent studies. Plato describes the priestesses of Delphi and Dodona as frenzied women, obsessed by \"mania\" (, \"frenzy\"), a Greek word he connected with \"mantis\"", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "97448", "text": "as some free standing pieces of sculpture. He also recorded several inscriptions, most of which are now lost. His identifications however were not always correct: for example he described a round building he saw as the temple of Apollo while this was simply the base of the Argives' ex-voto. A severe earthquake in 1500 caused much damage. In 1766 an English expedition funded by the Society of Dilettanti included the Oxford epigraphist Richard Chandler, the architect Nicholas Revett, and the painter William Pars. Their studies were published in 1769 under the title \"Ionian Antiquities\", followed by a collection of inscriptions,", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "13961798", "text": "Athenian Treasury The Athenian Treasury (Greek: Θησαυρός των Αθηναίων) at Delphi was constructed by the Athenians to house dedications and votive offerings made by their city and citizens to the sanctuary of Apollo. The entire treasury including its sculptural decoration is built of Parian marble. The date of construction is disputed, and scholarly opinions range from 510 to 480 BCE. It is located directly below the Temple of Apollo along the Sacred Way for all visitors to view the Athenian treasury on the way up to the sanctuary. Pausanias mentions the building in his account of the sanctuary, claiming that", "title": "Athenian Treasury" }, { "id": "16084", "text": "Apollo is said to have built a foundation and an altar on Delos using the horns of the goats that his sister Artemis hunted. Since he learnt the art of building when young, he later became \"Archegetes\", the founder of towns and god who guided men to build new cities. In his young years when Zeus had ignored him, Apollo spent his time herding cows. There, he was reared by Thriae, the bee nymphs, who trained him and enhanced his prophetic skills. During this time, Apollo also invented the lyre, and along with Artemis, the art of archery. He then", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "13961812", "text": "their favor. It is important to note the historical and geographical importance of the area in which the Athenian treasury is located. The Athenians, Siphnians, and the Sikyonians each had their own treasury lining the pathway to the Temple of Apollo, at the site of Delphi. The geographical location of the Temple of Apollo was significant in Greek mythology as it was the destination where two eagles, placed at opposite ends of the earth by Zeus, met. This temple was considered an oracle, where Apollo could communicate to humans through the Pythia. The greeks, their leaders and other foreign leaders", "title": "Athenian Treasury" }, { "id": "97454", "text": "treasuries are those of the Sikyonians, the Boeotians and the Thebans. Located in front of the Temple of Apollo, the main altar of the sanctuary was paid for and built by the people of Chios. It is dated to the 5th century BC by the inscription on its cornice. Made entirely of black marble, except for the base and cornice, the altar would have made a striking impression. It was restored in 1920. The stoa leads off north-east from the main sanctuary. It was built in the Ionic order and consists of seven fluted columns, unusually carved from single pieces", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "97433", "text": "Poseidon. The name Pythia remained as the title of the Delphic oracle. Erwin Rohde wrote that the Python was an earth spirit, who was conquered by Apollo, and buried under the omphalos, and that it is a case of one deity setting up a temple on the grave of another. Another view holds that Apollo was a fairly recent addition to the Greek pantheon coming originally from Lydia. The Etruscans coming from northern Anatolia also worshipped Apollo, and it may be that he was originally identical with Mesopotamian Aplu, an Akkadian title meaning \"son\", originally given to the plague God", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "97432", "text": "the chthonic serpent Python, Pythia in older myths, but according to some later accounts his wife, Pythia, who lived beside the Castalian Spring. Some sources say it is because Python had attempted to rape Leto while she was pregnant with Apollo and Artemis. This spring flowed toward the temple but disappeared beneath, creating a cleft which emitted chemical vapors that purportedly caused the oracle at Delphi to reveal her prophecies. Apollo killed Python but had to be punished for it, since she was a child of Gaia. The shrine dedicated to Apollo was originally dedicated to Gaia and shared with", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "16086", "text": "the sacred cave at Delphi with his arrows. Even though he had freed the people from a great bane, Python was a child of Gaia. Zeus, not wanting to incur her anger, decided to punished Apollo. Zeus banned Apollo from Olympus, and told him to purify himself. Exiled, Apollo had to serve as a slave for nine years. He also travelled to Crete, where Carmanor performed purification rites on him. Further, Zeus ordered him to go to the Vale of Tempe and bath in waters of Peneus. Apollo later established the Pythian games to appropriate Gaia. Only after this, he", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "12047023", "text": "would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire, when the Christian Emperors issued edicts prohibiting all non-Christian worship and sanctuaries. Temple of Apollo Patroos The Temple of Apollo Patroos (meaning \"from the fathers\") is a small ruined temple of Ionic order built in 340-320 BCE. It is 10 m wide and 16.5 m long, and is located north-west of the Ancient Agora of Athens, near the Stoa of Zeus. Apollo was considered to be the founder of the Ionian race and protector of families. The temple's interior had a cult statue dedicated to the", "title": "Temple of Apollo Patroos" }, { "id": "16088", "text": "into submission and followed a course that led the ship to Delphi. There Apollo revealed himself as a god. Initiating them to his service, he instructed them to keep righteousness in their hearts. The Pythia was Apollo's high priestess and his mouthpiece through whom he gave prophecies. Pythia is arguably the constant favorite of Apollo among the mortals. Hera once again sent another giant, Tityos to rape Leto. This time Apollo shot him with his arrows and attacked him with his golden sword. According to variations, Artemis aided in protecting their mother by attacking with her arrows. After the battle", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "10065108", "text": "Hypate In Greek mythology, Hypate (Ὑπάτη) was one of the three Muses of the lyre who were worshipped at Delphi, where the Temple of Apollo and the Oracle were located. Her name was also the highest of the seven notes of the lyre. Her sisters who were worshipped along with her were Nete and Mese. These three muses were comparable to the original three, Aoide, Melete, and Mneme. Alternatively, they were Cephisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, which portrayed them as the daughters of Apollo. The name of the ancient city Hypate (now Ypati, a village in Phthiotis west of Lamia) is", "title": "Hypate" }, { "id": "97434", "text": "Nergal, son of Enlil. Apollo Smintheus (Greek ), the mouse killer eliminates mice, a primary cause of disease, hence he promotes preventive medicine. Delphi is perhaps best known for its oracle, the Pythia, the sibyl or priestess at the sanctuary dedicated to Apollo. According to Aeschylus in the prologue of the \"Eumenides\", the oracle had origins in prehistoric times and the worship of Gaea, a view echoed by H.W. Parke. One tale of the sanctuary's discovery states that a goatherd, who grazed his flocks on Parnassus, one day observed his goats playing with great agility upon nearing a chasm in", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "298831", "text": "animal sacrifices to please the oracle lest their request go unanswered. As a result, seers were the main source of everyday divination. The temple was changed to a centre for the worship of Apollo during the classical period of Greece and priests were added to the temple organization—although the tradition regarding prophecy remained unchanged—and the priestesses continued to provide the services of the oracle exclusively. It is from this institution that the English word, oracle, is derived. The Delphic Oracle exerted considerable influence throughout Hellenic culture. Distinctively, this female was essentially the highest authority both civilly and religiously in male-dominated", "title": "Oracle" }, { "id": "16075", "text": "Unusually among the Olympic deities, Apollo had two cult sites that had widespread influence: Delos and Delphi. In cult practice, Delian Apollo and Pythian Apollo (the Apollo of Delphi) were so distinct that they might both have shrines in the same locality. Apollo's cult was already fully established when written sources commenced, about 650 BCE. Apollo became extremely important to the Greek world as an oracular deity in the archaic period, and the frequency of theophoric names such as \"Apollodorus\" or \"Apollonios\" and cities named \"Apollonia\" testify to his popularity. Oracular sanctuaries to Apollo were established in other sites. In", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "19629487", "text": "private collections, including that of Mr. Sant Fournier. In March 2002, a wall forming part of the temple's crepidoma was discovered during a public works project in Villegaignon Street, and it was subsequently excavated by the Archaeology Services Cooperative. Temple of Apollo (Melite) The Temple of Apollo () was a Roman temple in the city of Melite, in modern Mdina, Malta. It was dedicated to Apollo, the god of the sun and music. The temple was built in the 2nd century AD, and it overlooked a semi-circular theatre. The temple's ruins were discovered in the 18th century, and many architectural", "title": "Temple of Apollo (Melite)" }, { "id": "19323323", "text": "Halos (Delphi) The Halos was a round open space close to the temple of Apollo in Delphi, where ancient rituals were being performed. Between the Bouleuterion and Sibyl's Rock in the sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi there is a narrow pass leading to the fountain which the dragon Python was supposedly guarding. Apollo killed the dragon and then left for the land of the Hyperboreans in order to be expiated from the murder. This action signifies in mythology the transition from the early chthonic cults to the cult of the god of light and music. At that spot, in front", "title": "Halos (Delphi)" }, { "id": "16126", "text": "and more. He was ultimately given immortality for the benefits he bestowed upon the humanity. The Corybantes were spear-clashing, dancing demigods. They were seven sons of Apollo and the nymph Rhetia or the Muse Thalia. Apollo's children who became musicians and bards include Orpheus, Linus, Ialemus, Hymenaeus, Philammon, and Eleuther. Apis, Idmon, Iamus, Tenerus, Mopsus and others were gifted seers. Anius, Pythaeus and Ismenus lived as high priests. Most of them were trained by Apollo himself. Delphos, Dryops, Miletos, Tenes, Epidaurus, Ceos, Lycoras, Syrus, Pisus, Marathus, Acraepheus, Cicon, Chaeron and many other sons of Apollo, under the guidance of his", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "6303732", "text": "been suggested that they were removed bodily to Rome. Praxias and Androsthenes Praxias and Androsthenes (), Greek sculptors, who are said by Pausanias (x. 19, 4) to have executed the pediments of the temple of Apollo at Delphi. Both were Athenians, Praxias a pupil of Calamis. The statement raises historic difficulties, as, according to the leaders of the recent French excavations at Delphi, the temple of Apollo was destroyed about 373 BC and rebuilt by 339 BC, a date which seems too late for the lifetime of a pupil of Calamis. In any case no fragments of the pediments of", "title": "Praxias and Androsthenes" }, { "id": "19237729", "text": "the visible archaeological remains based on Pausanias for identification. He described the stadium and the theatre at that date as well as some free standing pieces of sculpture. He also recorded several inscriptions, most of which are now lost. His identifications however were not always correct: for example he described a round building he saw as the temple of Apollo while this was simply the base of the Argives' ex-voto. Information for the following two centuries of Ottoman rule is relatively sparse and confused. Delphi was renamed Kastri and was subjected to the kaza (district) of Salona (Amphissa). We also", "title": "Ottoman Delphi" }, { "id": "8719511", "text": "Claros Claros (, \"Klaros\"; ) was an ancient Greek sanctuary on the coast of Ionia. It contained a temple and oracle of Apollo, honored here as Apollo Clarius. It was located on the territory of Colophon, one of the twelve Ionic cities, twelve kilometers to the north. The coastal city Notion lay two kilometers to the south. The ruins of the sanctuary are now found north of the modern town Ahmetbeyli in the Menderes district of Izmir Province, Turkey. The Temple of Apollo at Claros was a very important center of prophecy as in Delphi and Didyma. The oldest information", "title": "Claros" }, { "id": "19629485", "text": "Empire, when the Christian Emperors issued edicts prohibiting all non-Christian worship and sanctuaries. Some remains of the temple were discovered in 1710, and marble blocks from temple were taken and sculpted into altars and decorative elements for various houses and churches, including St. Paul's Cathedral in Mdina, St. Paul's Grotto in Rabat and the Franciscan Church of St Mary of Jesus and the Church of the Holy Souls in Valletta. More ruins of the temple and the nearby theatre were discovered near St. Peter's Monastery in Mdina in 1747. These remains included marble pillars, capitals, cornices and blocks, as well", "title": "Temple of Apollo (Melite)" }, { "id": "872191", "text": "Apollo, and buried under the Omphalos, and that it is a case of one god setting up his temple on the grave of another. The priestess of the oracle at Delphi became known as the Pythia, after the place-name Pytho, which Greeks explained as named after the rotting (πύθειν) of the slain serpent's corpse in the strength of Hyperion (day) or Helios (the sun). Karl Kerenyi pointed out that the older tales mentioned two dragons, who were perhaps intentionally conflated; the other was a female dragon (\"drakaina\") named Delphyne in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, with whom dwelt a male", "title": "Python (mythology)" }, { "id": "16106", "text": "of warmth in winters is due to his departure. During his absence, Delphi was under the care of Dionysus, and no prophecies were given during winters. Apollo's music is soulful and enchanting. His music would deliver people from their pain, and hence, like Dionysus, he is also called the liberator. Apollo is often seen as the companion of the Muses and as \"Musagetes\", he leads them into dance while he sang. He is found delighting the immortal gods with his songs and music on the lyre. Apollo and the Muses are often seen on Parnassus, which is one of their", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "10905131", "text": "(Çavdarhisar). It is thought that the islet known as Kız Ada was the Sacred Area of Apollo in Ancient Era. After the construction of the temple in the name of preservative God of the city, head of Apollo, kithara, plectron and Apollo Sauroctonus figure in the temple were used from Hellenistic Era to the late Roman Empire Period. Usage of crawfish figure continued its prevalence while depiction of Gorgon head gradually decreased. Different characters were used on the coins such as Demeter and Tyche due to the coming of new cults to the city in Roman Period. Apollonia ad Rhyndacum", "title": "Apollonia ad Rhyndacum" }, { "id": "10065109", "text": "unrelated to this Muse. It has a different etymology meaning \"the height of Oeta (Oiti)\". Hypate In Greek mythology, Hypate (Ὑπάτη) was one of the three Muses of the lyre who were worshipped at Delphi, where the Temple of Apollo and the Oracle were located. Her name was also the highest of the seven notes of the lyre. Her sisters who were worshipped along with her were Nete and Mese. These three muses were comparable to the original three, Aoide, Melete, and Mneme. Alternatively, they were Cephisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, which portrayed them as the daughters of Apollo. The name", "title": "Hypate" }, { "id": "11108183", "text": "Temple of Apollo (Pompeii) The Temple of Apollo is a Roman temple dedicated to the Greek and Roman god Apollo in the ancient Roman town of Pompeii, southern Italy. Facing the northern side of the town, it is the town's most important religious building and has very ancient state of origin. The cult of Apollo, imported from Greece, was very widespread in Campania, and (from excavations in the temple's vicinity) is attested in Pompeii since the 6th century BC. The sanctuary gained its present appearance in a 2nd-century BC rebuild and another reconstruction to repair the damage from the 62", "title": "Temple of Apollo (Pompeii)" }, { "id": "6303731", "text": "Praxias and Androsthenes Praxias and Androsthenes (), Greek sculptors, who are said by Pausanias (x. 19, 4) to have executed the pediments of the temple of Apollo at Delphi. Both were Athenians, Praxias a pupil of Calamis. The statement raises historic difficulties, as, according to the leaders of the recent French excavations at Delphi, the temple of Apollo was destroyed about 373 BC and rebuilt by 339 BC, a date which seems too late for the lifetime of a pupil of Calamis. In any case no fragments of the pediments of this later temple have been found, and it has", "title": "Praxias and Androsthenes" }, { "id": "16102", "text": "Apollo used his his bow and golden arrow to shed light upon the island Anafi, where the Argonauts soon took shelter. Apollo helped the Greek hero, Diomedes, to escape from a great tempest. As a token of gratitude, Diomedes built a temple in honor of \"Apollo Epibaterius\", \"Apollo the embarker\". Periphas, a noble king, was honoured to the same extent as Zeus by mortals. Due to this Zeus wished to destroy him. But Apollo requested his father not to do so, since Periphas was a virtuous man. Zeus agreed and metamorphosed Periphas into an eagle and made the eagle his", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "17748306", "text": "Temple of Apollo (Syracuse) The Temple of Apollo ( \"Apollonion\") is one of the most important ancient Greek monuments on Ortygia, in front of the Piazza Pancali in Syracuse, Sicily, Italy. It is dated to the beginning of the 6th century B.C. and is therefore the most ancient Doric temple in Sicily and more or less, the first which corresponds to the model of the temple surrounded by a peripteros of stone columns that became standard in the whole Greek world. The temple underwent several transformations: closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire, it was a", "title": "Temple of Apollo (Syracuse)" }, { "id": "97452", "text": "up the slope almost to the temple itself, are a large number of votive statues, and numerous so-called treasuries. These were built by many of the Greek city states to commemorate victories and to thank the oracle for her advice which was thought to have contributed to those victories. These buildings held the rich offerings made to Apollo; these were frequently a \"tithe\" or tenth of the spoils of a battle. The most impressive is the now-restored Athenian Treasury, built to commemorate their victory at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. The Siphnian Treasury was dedicated by the city", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "16069", "text": "(, \"prophet\"). Frenzied women like Sibyls from whose lips the god speaks are recorded in the Near East as Mari in the second millennium BC. Although Crete had contacts with Mari from 2000 BC, there is no evidence that the ecstatic prophetic art existed during the Minoan and Mycenean ages. It is more probable that this art was introduced later from Anatolia and regenerated an existing oracular cult that was local to Delphi and dormant in several areas of Greece. A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship. The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin,", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "19321461", "text": "Treasury of Cyrene The Treasury of Cyrene (\"Treasury of the Cyreneans\") was a building in the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. The treasury was possibly built as a token of gratitude for a large endowment of wheat offered to Delphi's inhabitants during a lean period. The Treasury of Cyrene was probably the last treasury to have been built within the sanctuary of Apollo. It was oriented towards the Temple of Apollo. Its date of construction is estimated at ca. 334–322 B.C. It was constructed at the eastern part of the precinct, supported by a base (crepis) made of limestone and", "title": "Treasury of Cyrene" }, { "id": "20934549", "text": "Demeter Amphyctionis was known in antiquity as the place where the Pylaian or Delphic Amphictyonic council met each autumn. Demeter Amphictyonis is depicted on a coin minted by Philip II of Macedon, who took over control of the Amphictyonic League in 339 BC. The coin from 335 BC portrayed the profile of Demeter wearing a veil and a wreath of grain on the obverse, and seated Apollo on the reverse, inscribed not by the Delphian name but with 'AMΦΙΚΤΥΩΝΩΝ' (\"Of the Amphictyons\"). The sanctuary still existed in the age of Strabo, who described it: If still in use by the", "title": "Temple of Demeter Amphictyonis" }, { "id": "97422", "text": "when he sought to find the centre of his \"Grandmother Earth\" (Gaia). He sent two eagles flying from the eastern and western extremities, and the path of the eagles crossed over Delphi where the omphalos, or navel of Gaia was found. Earlier myths include traditions that Pythia, or the Delphic oracle, already was the site of an important oracle in the pre-classical Greek world (as early as 1400 BC) and, rededicated from about 800 BC, when it served as the major site during classical times for the worship of the god Apollo. Apollo was said to have slain Python, a", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "10602815", "text": "of Parian marble, include a carriage with four horses, carrying Apollo. To the left of the carriage stood three female figures, possibly the daughters of Kekrops, king of Athens, and to the right three male figures. The scene is identified as the advent of Apollo to Delphi. The central acroterion of the temple depicted a victory (Nike) running with her knee lifted up in the air. The two side acroteria depicted Sphinxes. The western pediment sculptures depicted a Gigantomachy. Both pediments are attributed to the Athenian sculptor Antenor. The sculptures of the pediments of the 4th century temple were made", "title": "Delphi Archaeological Museum" }, { "id": "97427", "text": "the foundation stories of several Greek colonies, the founding colonists were first dedicated at Delphi. The name \"Delphi\" comes from the same root as δελφύς \"delphys\", \"womb\" and may indicate archaic veneration of Gaia at the site. Apollo is connected with the site by his epithet Δελφίνιος \"Delphinios\", \"the Delphinian\". The epithet is connected with dolphins (Greek δελφίς,-ῖνος) in the Homeric \"Hymn to Apollo\" (line 400), recounting the legend of how Apollo first came to Delphi in the shape of a dolphin, carrying Cretan priests on his back. The Homeric name of the oracle is \"Pytho\" (Πυθώ). Another legend held", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "2623997", "text": "festivals and rituals associated with the god. A body of priestesses might also maintain the cult at a particular holy site, such as the Peleiades at the oracle of Dodona. The \"Arrephoroi\" were young girls ages seven to twelve who worked as servants of Athena Polias on the Athenian Acropolis and were charged with conducting unique rituals. At several sites women priestesses served as oracles , the most famous of which is the Oracle of Delphi. The priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi was the Pythia, credited throughout the Greco-Roman world for her prophecies, which gave her a", "title": "Ordination of women" }, { "id": "1945876", "text": "buildings as gifts, and military trophies, paintings and items in precious metals, effectively turning them into a type of museum. Some sanctuaries offered oracles, people who were believed to receive divine inspiration in answering questions put by pilgrims. The most famous of these by far was the female priestess called the Pythia at the Temple of Apollo at Delphi, and that of Zeus at Dodona, but there were many others. Some dealt only with medical, agricultural or other specialized matters, and not all represented gods, like that of the hero Trophonius at Livadeia. The temple was the house of the", "title": "Ancient Greek religion" }, { "id": "8053654", "text": "(a sacred grove or altar) was recorded on this site. Since Apollo was a foreign cult, it thus legally had to be placed outside the pomerium, making it a regular spot for extra-pomerial senate meetings (This was also Apollo's only temple in Rome until Augustus dedicated another on the Palatine Hill.) The first temple building dates to 431 BC, when the consul Gnaeus Iulius Mento inaugurated one dedicated to Apollo Medicus (the doctor), in fulfilment of a vow to him during a plague of 433 BC. This building was restored in 353 BC, and perhaps in 179 BC, when the", "title": "Temple of Apollo Sosianus" }, { "id": "2205661", "text": "Temple of the Delians The Temple of the Delians is the largest of the three cult temples dedicated to Apollo within the \"temenos\" of the Sanctuary of Apollo on the Greek island of Delos. It is also known as the Great Temple or the Delian Temple of Apollo. The Temple of the Delians is a Doric peripteral temple, with 6 columns on each short side and 13 columns along each length. The cella is aligned opening to the west with a pronaos and an opisthodomos, both distyle in antis. The temple foundations measure ca. 30 x 13 meters overall. Construction", "title": "Temple of the Delians" }, { "id": "97456", "text": "Apollo sat to deliver her prophecies. The ancient theatre at Delphi was built further up the hill from the Temple of Apollo giving spectators a view of the entire sanctuary and the valley below. It was originally built in the 4th century BC but was remodeled on several occasions, particularly in 160/159 B.C. at the expenses of king Eumenes II of Pergamon and in 67 A.D. on the occasion of emperor Nero's visit. The koilon (cavea) leans against the natural slope of the mountain whereas its eastern part overrides a little torrent which led the water of the fountain Cassotis", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "16087", "text": "was given his place on Olympus. Henceforth, Apollo became the god who cleansed himself from the sin of murder and, made men aware of their guilt and purified them. Zeus, for his son's integrity, gave Apollo the seat next to him on his right side. He also gifted to Apollo a golden tripod, bow and arrows, a golden chariot drawn by swans and the land of Delphi. Soon after his return, Apollo needed to recruit people to Delphi. So, when he spotted a ship sailing from Crete, he sprang aboard in the form of a dolphin. The crew was awed", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "16070", "text": "and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines. Omens, symbols, purifications, and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts, and these rituals were spread into the empire of the Hittites. In a Hittite text is mentioned that the king invited a Babylonian priestess for a certain \"purification\". A similar story is mentioned by Plutarch. He writes that the Cretan seer Epimenides purified Athens after the pollution brought by the Alcmeonidae, and that the", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "16076", "text": "the 2nd and 3rd century CE, those at Didyma and Clarus pronounced the so-called \"theological oracles\", in which Apollo confirms that all deities are aspects or servants of an all-encompassing, highest deity. \"In the 3rd century, Apollo fell silent. Julian the Apostate (359–361) tried to revive the Delphic oracle, but failed.\" Apollo had a famous oracle in Delphi, and other notable ones in Clarus and Branchidae. His oracular shrine in Abae in Phocis, where he bore the toponymic epithet \"Abaeus\" (, \"Apollon Abaios\"), was important enough to be consulted by Croesus. His oracular shrines include: Oracles were also given by", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "10297648", "text": "the sanctuary of Dayr Al-Muharrag. From this book it appears that after forty years, at the call of an angel, Apollo approached the inhabited places while continuing his life in an isolated cave. This happened under the reign of Julian the Apostate (361-363 AD). His reputation for sanctity quickly attracted numerous disciples around him, who built an immense monastery: 500 monks were there at the time of Timothy's visit. Abib and Apollo Abib and Apollo were two Christian ascetics from Akhmim, Egypt. They are mentioned in the \"Synaxarion, das ist der Heiligen-Kalendar del Koptischen Christen\". Their feast day is celebrated", "title": "Abib and Apollo" }, { "id": "97455", "text": "of stone (most columns were constructed from a series of discs joined together). The inscription on the stylobate indicates that it was built by the Athenians after their naval victory over the Persians in 478 BC, to house their war trophies. The stoa was attached to the existing Polygonal Wall. The Sibyl rock is a pulpit-like outcrop of rock between the Athenian Treasury and the Stoa of the Athenians upon the sacred way which leads up to the temple of Apollo in the archaeological area of Delphi. It is claimed to be where an ancient Sibyl pre-dating the Pythia of", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "16071", "text": "seer's expertise in sacrifices and reform of funeral practices were of great help to Solon in his reform of the Athenian state. The story indicates that Epimenides was probably heir to the shamanic religions of Asia, and proves, together with the Homeric hymn, that Crete had a resisting religion up to historical times. It seems that these rituals were dormant in Greece, and they were reinforced when the Greeks migrated to Anatolia. Homer pictures Apollo on the side of the Trojans, fighting against the Achaeans, during the Trojan War. He is pictured as a terrible god, less trusted by the", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "12028692", "text": "Agraeus Agraeus (, \"Agraios\") was the name of a number of personages from ancient myth, but was primarily known as an epithet of the god Apollo in Greek mythology, which meant \"the hunter\". After Apollo had killed the lion of Cithaeron, a temple was erected to him by Alcathous, son of Pelops, at Megara under the name of Apollo Agraeus (some accounts report that Alcathous himself killed the lion). The epithet was also sometimes used, in the feminine form \"Agraea\" (or \"Agraia\"), for the goddess Artemis, which was synonymous with her epithet Agrotera. There is also evidence, attested to by", "title": "Agraeus" }, { "id": "9724608", "text": "Greece. They lived at Delphi, where they spent the summers camped in spruce huts high above the village on Mount Parnassus. After a short time, Cook began to wear \"fustanella\", the traditional Greek shepherd's attire. In 1924 he contracted a rare infectious disease from his pet dog and died. Cook's obituary appeared on the front page of the \"New York Times\". He is buried at Delphi in a small cemetery within hundreds of feet of the ruins of the famous Temple of Apollo, home of the oracle. So beloved was Cook by the locals that the Greek government allowed a", "title": "George Cram Cook" }, { "id": "14696753", "text": "image carried through the streets and surrounded by maidens. In the Roman Imperial era, the emperor Commodus lent his name to the festival games, and might have sponsored them. From the Greek point of view, the Ephesian Artemis is a distinctive form of their goddess Artemis. In Greek cult and myth, Artemis is the twin of Apollo, a virgin huntress who supplanted the Titan Selene as goddess of the Moon. At Ephesus, a goddess whom the Greeks associated with Artemis was venerated in an archaic, pre-Hellenic cult image that was carved of wood (a \"xoanon\") and kept decorated with jewelry.", "title": "Temple of Artemis" }, { "id": "872994", "text": "to Aeneas under the title \"Iuppiter Indiges\" (Jupiter in-the-earth). Trophonius was a son of Erginus, king of Minyan Orchomenus and brother of Agamedes. According to the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, he built Apollo's temple at the oracle at Delphi with Agamedes. Once finished, the oracle told the brothers to do whatsoever they wished for six days and, on the seventh, their greatest wish would be granted. They did and were found dead on the seventh day. The maxim by Menander, \"those whom the gods love die young\", comes from this story. Alternatively, according to Pausanias they built a treasure chamber", "title": "Trophonius" }, { "id": "97466", "text": "Pindar celebrated the Alcmaeonid's temple in \"Pythian\" 7.8-9 and he also provided details of the third building (\"Paean\" 8. 65-75). Other details are given by Pausanias (10.5.9-13) and the Homeric Hymn to Apollo (294 ff.). The first temple was said to have been constructed out of olive branches from Tempe. The second was made by bees out of wax and wings but was miraculously carried off by a powerful wind and deposited among the Hyperboreans. The third, as described by Pindar, was created by the gods Hephaestus and Athena, but its architectural details included Siren-like figures or 'Enchantresses', whose baneful", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "7420892", "text": "where Apollo met with Cibele. It was said that only the priest of the Great Mother could enter the cave without being overpowered by the noxious underground fumes. Temples dedicated to Apollo were often built over geologically active sites, including his most famous, the temple at Delphi. When the Christian faith was granted official primacy in the 4th century, this temple underwent a number of desecrations. Part of the peribolos was also dismantled to make room for a large Nympheum. Next to this temple and within the sacred area is the oldest local sanctuary, Pluto's Gate, a ploutonion () or", "title": "Hierapolis" }, { "id": "16080", "text": "the mind of Zeus and was willing to reveal this knowledge to humans. A divinity beyond human comprehension, he appears both as a beneficial and a wrathful god. When Zeus' wife Hera discovered that Leto was impregnanted by Zeus, she banned Leto from giving birth on \"terra firma\". In her wanderings, Leto sought shelter on many lands, only to be rejected by them. Finally, Apollo, still in Leto's womb, spoke to his mother and told her about the newly created floating island of Delos, which was neither mainland nor a real island. Leto, when welcomed by Delos, gave birth there,", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "4786735", "text": "Delphinia The Delphinia was a festival of Apollo Delphinius held annually on the 6th (or 7th) of the month Munychion (April) in ancient Athens. All that is known of the ceremonies is that a number of girls proceeded to his temple (Delphinium) carrying suppliant's branches and seeking to propitiate Apollo, probably as a god having influence on the sea. It was at this time of year that navigation began again after the storms of winter. According to the story in Plutarch (\"Theseus\", 18), Theseus, before setting out to Crete to slay the Minotaur, repaired to the Delphinium and deposited, on", "title": "Delphinia" }, { "id": "850975", "text": "and snakes, and lived in a gated temple, where she was worshipped by the people of that land. She, along with her temple and priests, was swallowed up by a hole in the ground that opened beneath her, as the result of Philip's curse. Echidna was perhaps associated with the monster killed by Apollo at Delphi. Though that monster is usually said to be the male serpent Python, in the oldest account of this story, the \"Homeric Hymn to Apollo\", the god kills a nameless she-serpent (\"drakaina\"), subsequently called Delphyne, who had been Typhon's foster-mother. Echidna and Delphyne share several", "title": "Echidna (mythology)" }, { "id": "97430", "text": "to one pair of scholars, \"The actual authorship of the three maxims set up on the Delphian temple may be left uncertain. Most likely they were popular proverbs, which tended later to be attributed to particular sages.\" According to the Homeric hymn to the Pythian Apollo, Apollo shot his first arrow as an infant which effectively slew the serpent Pytho, the son of Gaia, who guarded the spot. To atone the murder of Gaia's son, Apollo was forced to fly and spend eight years in menial service before he could return forgiven. A festival, the Septeria, was held every year,", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "97463", "text": "sited. The retaining wall was built to support the terrace housing the construction of the second temple of Apollo in 548 BC. Its name is taken from the polygonal masonry of which it is constructed. At a later date, from 200 BC onwards, the stones were inscribed with the manumission contracts of slaves who were consecrated to Apollo. Approximately a thousand manumissions are recorded on the wall. The sacred spring of Delphi lies in the ravine of the Phaedriades. The preserved remains of two monumental fountains that received the water from the spring date to the Archaic period and the", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "16118", "text": "Apollo a son named Anius. Not wanting to have the child, she entrusted the infant to Apollo and left. Apollo raised and educated the child on his own. Ourea, a daughter of Poseidon, fell in love with Apollo when he and Poseidon were serving the Trojan king Laomedon. They both united on the day the walls of Troy were built. She bore to Apollo a son, whom Apollo named Ileus, after the city of his birth, Ilion (Troy). Ileus was very dear to Apollo. Thero, daughter of Phylas, a maiden as beautiful as the moonbeams, was loved by the radiant", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "97469", "text": "to relocate the village occurred when it was substantially damaged by an earthquake, with villagers offered a completely new village in exchange for the old site. In 1893 the French Archaeological School removed vast quantities of soil from numerous landslides to reveal both the major buildings and structures of the sanctuary of Apollo and of Athena Pronoia along with thousands of objects, inscriptions and sculptures. The site is now an archaeological one, and a very popular tourist destination. It is easily accessible from Athens as a day trip, and is often combined with the winter sports facilities available on Mount", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "97424", "text": "settlement of the late 9th century, has uncovered artifacts increasing steadily in volume beginning with the last quarter of the 8th century BC. Pottery and bronze as well as tripod dedications continue in a steady stream, in contrast to Olympia. Neither the range of objects nor the presence of prestigious dedications proves that Delphi was a focus of attention for a wide range of worshippers, but the large quantity of valuable goods, found in no other mainland sanctuary, encourages that view. Apollo's sacred precinct in Delphi was a panhellenic sanctuary, where every four years, starting in 586 BC athletes from", "title": "Delphi" }, { "id": "640128", "text": "Delos in the 8th century, from an earlier dedication to Gaia. The 8th-century reformulation of the Oracle at Delphi as a shrine to Apollo seems associated with the rise in importance of the city of Corinth and the importance of sites in the Corinthian Gulf. The earliest account of the origin of the Delphic oracle is provided in the Homeric Hymn to Delphic Apollo, which recent scholarship dates within a narrow range, c. 580–570 BC. It describes in detail how Apollo chose his first priests, whom he selected in their \"swift ship\"; they were \"Cretans from Minos' city of Knossos\"", "title": "Pythia" }, { "id": "6400265", "text": "Adjacent to the temple there was a great pool with a tunnel and a fence that enclosed the sacred woods. The temple was in honour of the god Apollo in his prophetic oracle aspect inspired after the Delphi model to which purification ceremonies were tied. Heracles, the hero made god dear to tyrants, and maybe also Jupiter, whose image we have to imagine on the central wall of the temple were tied to Apollo. By the middle of the 5th century BC, all work on the temple was complete and it began a slow decline while the structures sacred to", "title": "Portonaccio (Veio)" }, { "id": "20365048", "text": "Spintharus of Corinth Spintharus of Corinth () was an ancient Greek architect. Pausanias reported in his \"Descriptions of Greece\" that the Alcmaeonids hired him to build a temple at Delphi. This is the only record of Spintharus. The temple to Apollo at Delphi had to be rebuilt after a fire in 548 BC and again after an earthquake in 373 BC. Historians have offered competing claims as to which temple Spintharus constructed. J. B. Bury argued he built the 6th century temple because of accounts saying the fourth century temple was built by Xenodorus. John Henry Middleton dated Spintharus's construction", "title": "Spintharus of Corinth" }, { "id": "8487152", "text": "monarchies were advantaged in this regard in that they often had vast spaces where they could build large cities: such as Antioch, Pergamon, and Seleucia on the Tigris. It was the time of gigantism: thus it was for the second temple of Apollo at Didyma, situated twenty kilometers from Miletus in Ionia. It was designed by Daphnis of Miletus and Paionios of Ephesus at the end of the fourth century BC, but the construction, never completed, was carried out up until the 2nd century AD. The sanctuary is one of the largest ever constructed in the Mediterranean region: inside a", "title": "Hellenistic art" }, { "id": "16079", "text": "permanent principle of mathematics. The Doric order dominated during the 6th and the 5th century BC but there was a mathematical problem regarding the position of the triglyphs, which couldn't be solved without changing the original forms. The order was almost abandoned for the Ionic order, but the Ionic capital also posed an insoluble problem at the corner of a temple. Both orders were abandoned for the Corinthian order gradually during the Hellenistic age and under Rome. The most important temples are: Apollo appears often in the myths, plays and hymns. As Zeus' favorite son, Apollo had direct access to", "title": "Apollo" } ]

[ "April 20, 2018" ]

[ { "id": "19574794", "text": "God of War (2018 video game) God of War is an action-adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE). Released on April 20, 2018, for the PlayStation 4 (PS4) console, it is the eighth installment in the \"God of War\" series, the eighth chronologically, and the sequel to 2010's \"God of War III\". Unlike previous games, which were loosely based on Greek mythology, this installment is loosely based on Norse mythology, with the majority of it set in ancient Norway in the realm of Midgard. For the first time in the series, there", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574798", "text": "of release, also making it one of the best-selling PlayStation 4 games of all time. \"God of War\" won several awards, including \"Game of the Year\" and \"Best Game Direction\" at The Game Awards 2018 and \"Best Storytelling\" and \"PlayStation Game of the Year\" at the 2018 Golden Joystick Awards, and received several nominations in other categories from both media outlets and industry ceremonies and events. A novelization of the game was released in August 2018, followed by a four-issue prequel comic series that began publication in November. The gameplay is vastly different from the previous installments, as it was", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574860", "text": "the events of \"God of War III\" and the 2018 game. Since launch, Santa Monica has supported the game via patch updates to address software bugs. Additionally, the developers have added new features along with these free updates. A Photo Mode was released as part of update patch 1.20 on May 9, 2018. Photo Mode allows players to take customized in-game screenshots. Players can adjust the field of view, depth of view, filters, borders, the visibility of characters, and the ability to change the facial expressions of Kratos and Atreus. At E3 2018, a New Game Plus mode was confirmed,", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574859", "text": "War\" would not have microtransactions post-launch, a feature that has become prominent with other recent games and negatively criticized. An official novelization of the game, written by Cory Barlog's father, James Barlog, was released on August 28, 2018 by Titan Books. An audiobook version is also available, narrated by Alastair Duncan, who voiced Mímir in the game. Among the various digital content in the collector's editions was \"God of War\" #0 from Dark Horse Comics. Issue #1 was published in print on November 14, 2018. Written by Chris Roberson with art by Tony Parker, the four-part miniseries takes place between", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574879", "text": "chart. The game sold over 3.1 million copies within three days of its release, making it the fastest-selling PlayStation 4 exclusive at the time. The game was the fastest-selling game of the month of its release and contributed to the PS4 being the best-selling console of that month. In total, the game sold over five million copies in its first month, and 2.1 million in digital sales. The game was nominated for \"Game of the Show\", \"Best PlayStation 4 Game\", and \"Best Action Game\" at IGN's Best of E3 2016 Awards. God of War (2018 video game) God of War", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574822", "text": "In the game's secret ending, Kratos and Atreus return home and slumber. Atreus has a vision that at the end of Fimbulwinter, Thor will arrive at their home to confront them. Development on the next \"God of War\" began in 2014, which was confirmed by Santa Monica Studio's creative director Cory Barlog at the first annual PlayStation Experience on December 6, 2014. Barlog said that the game was in very early development and that it would not be a prequel, but possibly a reboot. In April 2016, \"Polygon\" reported that concept art of the next installment had been leaked. The", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574796", "text": "of the franchise, a major gameplay change is that Kratos prominently uses a magical battle axe instead of his signature double-chained blades. \"God of War\" also uses an over-the-shoulder free camera, with the game in one shot, as opposed to the fixed cinematic camera of the previous entries. It includes role-playing video game elements, and Kratos' son Atreus provides assistance in combat. The majority of the original game's development team worked on \"God of War\" and designed it to be accessible and grounded. A separate short text-based game, \"\", was released in February 2018 and follows Atreus on his first", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "11696455", "text": "Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME). The fifth main installment, also titled \"God of War\" (2018), was released for the PlayStation 4 (PS4). It began the second era, which takes the franchise to the world of Norse mythology. To go along with the new installment, Sony released a short prequel story, \"\" (2018), as a text-based game through Facebook Messenger. Games in the series have been praised as some of the best action games of all time. Some of them have also been remastered for newer PlayStation platforms. The franchise has sold an upwards of 30 million units worldwide with the", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "19574838", "text": "with himself on it, wielding his infamous double-chained blades. During the trailer, an unnamed woman warns Kratos about the Norse gods, as they know what he did to the Greek gods, while a pair of wolves were also shown. The trailer ends with Kratos and Atreus encountering the World Serpent. Atreus was able to translate what it said, which was that it wanted to help the pair. It was confirmed that the game would release in early 2018. Since then until the game's launch, Santa Monica included a section on the \"God of War\" website titled \"The Lost Pages\", detailing", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574797", "text": "adventure. \"God of War\" received universal acclaim from critics, being praised for its narrative, world design, art direction, graphics, characters, and combat system. Many reviewers also felt that it had successfully revitalized the series without losing the core identity of its predecessors. It received several perfect review scores, tying it with the original \"God of War\" as the highest-rated game in the series, as well as the fourth highest-rated PlayStation 4 game of all time on Metacritic. It performed well commercially, becoming the best-selling game in the franchise with over seven million physical and digital copies sold within a month", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574861", "text": "and was released as part of update patch 1.30 on August 20, 2018. In order for players to access the mode, they must have completed the game on any difficulty. The mode itself can be played on any difficulty, but enemies are higher leveled with new maneuvers. All obtained items carry over to New Game Plus, and there are new resources to further upgrade gear, which also have a new rarity level. The option to skip cutscenes was also added. God of War: A Call from the Wilds is a text-based game playable through Facebook Messenger. To help further promote", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574839", "text": "some of the lore of \"God of War\"s Nordic world. In January 2018, the game's release date was confirmed for April 20, 2018. A trailer was also released that showed that the character Mímir from the mythology would have a role in the game. \"God of War\" went gold on March 22. During early development, there was talk about having a different protagonist for the game, but it was decided to keep Kratos. Referencing the Nintendo character Mario and the \"Mario\" games, Barlog said that just like Mario, \"Kratos is intrinsically tied\" to the \"God of War\" series. In regards", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574878", "text": "occasionally find yourself unsure if you're doing something wrong, or don't have the right equipment yet.\" During its release week in the UK, \"God of War\" became the fastest-selling entry in the franchise, selling 35% more physical copies than \"God of War III\". The game remained at the top of the all format sales chart throughout April and May for six consecutive weeks, setting a record for a PlayStation 4 exclusive having the most consecutive weeks at number one. It sold 46,091 copies within its first week on sale in Japan, which placed it at number two on the sales", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "18366453", "text": "having showtimes at either 2 am or 3 am to accommodate demand. In India, the film had the biggest release ever for a Hollywood film, opening on nearly 2,000 screens in four languages. The film also screened in 515 4DX theaters in 59 countries. \"Avengers: Infinity War\" was originally scheduled to be released on May 4, 2018 in the United States. The Chinese release of the film, which opened on May 11, 2018, was originally scheduled to end on June 10, 2018, but was granted a \"rare\" extension of 30 days, to end on July 9, 2018. Select footage from", "title": "Avengers: Infinity War" }, { "id": "19574863", "text": "The two then battle a revenant before returning home. \"God of War\" received \"universal acclaim\" according to review aggregator Metacritic, tying it with the original \"God of War\" for the highest score in the franchise. It has the fourth-highest score of all-time for a PlayStation 4 game, and the highest score for an original, non-remastered PlayStation 4 exclusive. It was the highest rated PlayStation 4 game of 2018 until the release of \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" in October, which pushed \"God of War\" to second. It is also tied with the Xbox One version of \"Celeste\" for the second-highest score", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574849", "text": "silent and everyone will talk in old Norse, so that you won't understand anything anybody's saying.\" After hearing Barlog's case, Sony gave him the freedom to incorporate Atreus. Lead level designer Rob Davis also noted that with Atreus, it allowed for \"significant gameplay and storytelling opportunities that might not otherwise [been] possible.\" \"God of War (PlayStation Soundtrack)\" was released on April 20, 2018 by Sony Classical Records. The soundtrack was composed by Bear McCreary, who is best known for his work on television shows such as \"Battlestar Galactica\" and \"The Walking Dead\". McCreary was called into Santa Monica Studio in", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574862", "text": "\"God of War\", Sony partnered with Facebook to develop the play-by-web game, which released on February 1, 2018. Completing the game unlocks downloadable concept art. The short story follows Atreus on his first adventure in the Norse wilds. After archery training and learning runes with his mother, Atreus adventures into the wilderness after telepathically hearing the voice of a dying deer; he finds it covered in blood and stays with it during its final moments. A couple of draugrs appear and Atreus attempts to fight them, but is injured. He is saved by his father, Kratos, who was out hunting.", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "14114242", "text": "along with the 2018 game, a text-based game, \"\", was released in February 2018, followed by a novelization in August, and then a four-issue comic series that began publication in November, serving as a prequel to the 2018 game. \"God of War\" has become a highly lucrative franchise on account of the commercial and critical success of the series. Products include action figures, artwork, clothing, Slurpee cups, sweepstakes, and special edition video game consoles. The character of Kratos received positive comments from reviewers, and was described as a \"sympathetic antihero\" by GameSpy. Game Guru claimed \"Practically anyone, even if they", "title": "Characters of God of War" }, { "id": "11696460", "text": "herself is the key to pacifying the Flame and allowing him to open the Box. After finally killing Zeus, he refuses to help Athena assume the role of new patron of mankind and disappears. is a short text-based game, released through Facebook Messenger on February 1, 2018. The game serves as a prequel story to 2018's \"God of War\", and follows Atreus on his first adventure in the Norse wilds. God of War was released worldwide on April 20, 2018, for the PlayStation 4 console. Many years after the events of \"God of War III\", Kratos has ended up in", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "19574855", "text": "be revealed at E3 2016, Sony wanted McCreary to perform his original score with a live orchestra at the press conference. McCreary opened the show with the new main theme before the unveiling of \"God of War\", and performed the gameplay demo's music live during the presentation. On January 13, 2017, a live recording from E3 2016 of \"God of War\"s overture was released for free for a limited time. Barlog released the overture as a thank you to fans for \"God of War\"s E3 2016 trailer reaching fifteen million views on YouTube. The game was released worldwide on April", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574837", "text": "of 30 frames per second (fps) while performance mode targets 60fps. In late December 2016, Barlog confirmed that the game was playable from start to finish, and later said that the game's story would take 25–35 hours to complete, which is significantly more than the previous four main installments, which each took an average of 10 hours to complete. A new trailer was shown at E3 2017, featuring new gameplay, cinematics, and characters. In the trailer, Kratos was shown using a shield that he could use offensively and defensively. At one point in the trailer, Kratos finds a Greek vase", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "18366418", "text": "was released in the United States on April 27, 2018, in IMAX and 3D. The film received praise for the performances of the cast (particularly Brolin's) and the emotional weight of the story, as well as the visual effects and action sequences. It was the fourth film and the first superhero film to gross over $2 billion worldwide, breaking numerous and becoming the highest-grossing film of 2018, as well as the fourth-highest-grossing film of all time and in the United States and Canada. The sequel, \"Avengers: Endgame\", is set to be released on April 26, 2019. Having acquired the Power", "title": "Avengers: Infinity War" }, { "id": "11696507", "text": "\"God of War II\", the second novelization of the series, was written by Vardeman alone and was published by Del Rey Books on February 12, 2013. The third novelization in the series, titled \"God of War – The Official Novelization\", is of 2018's \"God of War\". It was released on August 28, 2018 by Titan Books and was written by Cory Barlog's father, James Barlog. Six \"God of War\" soundtracks have been commercially released and have featured several composers, including Gerard K. Marino, Ron Fish, Winifred Phillips, Mike Reagan, Cris Velasco, Winnie Waldron, Marcello De Francisci, Jeff Rona, Tyler Bates,", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "19574824", "text": "returned to the series as game director for the new installment. Barlog has been a major contributor in the development of the \"God of War\" series since the original installment in 2005, with his prior most notable role being game director of \"God of War II\" (2007). This new installment was his fifth \"God of War\" game. In naming the game, Barlog stated that it was deliberately titled \"God of War\" with no numeral or subtitle because although it is a continuation of the series, \"we are reimagining everything.\" Head of Santa Monica Studio Shannon Studstill and Barlog said that", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574828", "text": "Kratos' last game. Barlog said that future games could see the series tackling Egyptian or Mayan mythology, and that although this game focuses on Norse mythology, it alludes to the fact that there are other mythologies co-existing in the world. Barlog also said that he liked the idea of having different directors for each game, seen throughout the first seven games, and although he may not direct another \"God of War\", he would still be at Santa Monica to work on future games. Most of the development team that worked on the original \"God of War\" worked on the new", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574836", "text": "by a couple of months. He also confirmed that the game was built for the standard PlayStation 4, but the game would \"benefit from the power\" of the PlayStation 4 Pro; an updated version of the PlayStation 4 that can render games in 4K and was released a few months after \"God of War\" was announced. Players with a PS4 Pro have two options to either favor resolution or favor performance when playing the game. Favoring resolution runs the game in 4K with checkerboard rendering, while the performance option runs the game at 1080p. Resolution mode targets a frame rate", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574858", "text": "received three skins for Kratos' shield, while pre-orders from GameStop or EB Games also received the \"Luck of Ages XP Talisman\", granting increased XP gain, increased Hacksilver gain, and increased ability to trigger perks. In addition to the special editions of the game, a Limited Edition PlayStation 4 Pro bundle was available the same day as the game's release. The bundle included the standard base game, a PlayStation 4 Pro console decorated with the runes as on Kratos' axe, and a similarly themed DualShock 4 controller with the \"God of War\" logo. Game Director Cory Barlog confirmed that \"God of", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "11696456", "text": "release of 2018's installment. Strong sales and support of the series led to the franchise's expansion into other media, such as three comic book series and three novels. A film adaptation of the original installment has been in development since 2005. Merchandise includes artwork, clothing, toys, and prop replicas, as well as the games' soundtracks, including a heavy metal album, \"\" (2010), featuring original music by various bands who were inspired by the series. God of War was first released in North America on March 22, 2005, for the PlayStation 2. After ten years in the service of the Olympian", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "19574829", "text": "installment. They claimed that they matched the new gameplay with the same level of accessibility as the previous installments. It was confirmed that the game would not feature any morality system or branching story; all players have the same story experience. The developers also confirmed that some of the more controversial mini-games found in previous entries (such as the sex mini-game) would not return. Some gameplay characteristics found in the previous installments were cut, such as jumping, swimming, and instant-death platforming challenges; these were cut due to the camera being closer to Kratos. Although the previous installment, \"Ascension\", introduced multiplayer", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "2966117", "text": "Christopher Judge Douglas Christopher Judge (born October 13, 1964) is an American Canadian actor best known for playing Teal'c in the Canadian-American military science fiction television series \"Stargate SG-1\". He attended the University of Oregon on a football scholarship and was a Pacific-10 Conference player. Judge played Kratos in the 2018 video game \"God of War\", replacing long-time voice actor Terrence C. Carson. Christopher Judge was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. He has one younger brother, Jeff Judge, also an actor. Christopher Judge harbored the desire to become an actor from an early age, and studied drama in", "title": "Christopher Judge" }, { "id": "18366452", "text": "2018, screening also at the adjacent El Capitan Theatre and Grauman's Chinese Theatre. It was released in most countries worldwide, including the United States, on April 27, 2018, with a few debuts beginning as early as April 25, and was shown in IMAX and 3D on select screens. In the United States, the film opened in 4,474 theaters, 408 of which were IMAX; this was the widest release for a Disney title ever and the second-widest ever after \"Despicable Me 3\"s 4,529 theaters. Three of AMC Theatres' locations screened the film for 24 hours straight, with 53 of their locations", "title": "Avengers: Infinity War" }, { "id": "2966125", "text": "Grey in the Action Man CGI series. On June 14, 2016, Christopher Judge confirmed he was the voice actor for Kratos in the 2018 \"God of War\", replacing long time Kratos voice actor Terrence C. Carson. Judge is involved with the Boys & Girls Clubs of Canada and is an avid golfer. Judge has four children: Christopher Jordan Judge, Cameron Judge, Catrina Jasmine Judge (with his first wife, Margaret Judge), and Chloe Jolie Judge (with former model and actress Gianna Patton, whom he began dating in 2001 and married on December 28, 2011). In 2002, Judge was nominated for a", "title": "Christopher Judge" }, { "id": "19574835", "text": "directly state that they were influenced by \"The Last of Us\" in developing \"God of War\", he did say \"I think we're all inspired by each other.\" The entire game was done in a single shot, as in no camera cuts, meaning there are no loading screens or fade-to-black between gameplay and cutscenes. The enemy count was increased to up to 100 enemies on-screen; \"God of War III\" and \"Ascension\" could do up to 50. Unlike the previous games, Santa Monica did not make a demo specifically for public release. Barlog explained that doing so would have delayed the game", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574856", "text": "20, 2018, for the PlayStation 4. In addition to the standard base game, there were three special editions: the Stone Mason Edition, the Collector's Edition, and the Digital Deluxe Edition. Only available in the United States and Canada, the Stone Mason Edition came with several physical items, including the base game in a SteelBook case, a statue of Kratos and Atreus that was created by Gentle Giant, carvings of the Huldra Brothers, a horse, and a troll, an exclusive lithograph, a cloth map, a stone mason's ring, and a keychain of Mímir's head that talks. There was also various downloadable", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574799", "text": "rebuilt from the ground up. Although the previous main installment, \"\" (2013), introduced multiplayer to the series, this installment is single-player-only. The game features a third-person, over-the-shoulder free camera, a departure from the previous installments, which featured a third-person, fixed cinematic camera (with the exception of 2007's 2D side-scroller \"\"). Cinematographically, the game is presented in a continuous shot, with no camera cuts or loading screens. The game is open, but it is not open-world. Due to its openness, players can fast travel to different locations. As the ability to swim was cut from the game, players instead use a", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19726551", "text": "Sunny Suljic Sunny Suljic (born August 10, 2005) is an American child actor and skateboarder. He is known for his roles as Bob in Yorgos Lanthimos 2017 drama \"The Killing of a Sacred Deer\" and as the voice and motion capture actor for Atreus, the son of Kratos in the 2018 video game, \"God of War\". Suljic had his first lead role in Jonah Hill's film \"Mid90s\". He played Gabriel in the 2015 film \"1915\", and Bob in the 2017 film \"The Killing of a Sacred Deer\". He also did voice work and motion capture for Atreus, the son of", "title": "Sunny Suljic" }, { "id": "19574864", "text": "of 2018, regardless of platform. \"God of War\" received particular praise for its art direction, graphics, combat system, music, story, use of Norse mythology, characters, and cinematic feeling. Many also felt that it had successfully revitalized the series without losing the core identity of its predecessors. The story was well praised. Nick Plessas of \"Electronic Gaming Monthly\" (\"EGM\") said that the story's most memorable moments are the interactions between Kratos and Atreus. He also noted that \"there is often some comic relief to be found when Kratos' curtness and Atreus' charming naivety collide.\" Furthermore, he acknowledged that the presence of", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "11696518", "text": "and \"Best PS3 Game\" at the 2009 and 2010 Spike Video Game Awards, respectively. The game also won the \"Artistic Achievement\" award at the 2011 BAFTA awards. \"Ghost of Sparta\" was praised for its graphics and story, with Chris Pereira of 1UP saying that it was \"a more personal story than the [previous] \"GOW\" games.\" It received several awards at E3 2010, including \"Best Handheld Game\", \"Best PSP Game\", and \"PSP Game of Show\", and won \"Best Handheld Game\" at the 2010 Spike Video Game Awards. 2018's \"God of War\" received particular praise for its art direction, graphics, combat system,", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "11696506", "text": "comic series from Dark Horse Comics, also titled \"God of War\" and written by Chris Roberson with art by Tony Parker, began publication in November 2018. The four-issue miniseries serves as a prequel story to the 2018 game. Issue #0 was included digitally with the three different special editions of the game. The \"God of War\" novels recount the events of the games and offer deeper insights into their stories. \"God of War\", the official novelization of the first game, was written by Matthew Stover and Robert E. Vardeman. It was published on May 25, 2010, by Del Rey Books.", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "19574857", "text": "content (DLC), including an exclusive shield skin, in addition to an armor set and another shield skin for Kratos, a PlayStation 4 dynamic theme, a digital artbook, and \"God of War\" #0 by Dark Horse Comics. The Collector's Edition came with many of the same items, minus the ring, the keychain, the carvings of the horse and troll, and the exclusive shield skin. The Digital Deluxe Edition comes with all of the digital content, minus the exclusive shield skin. U.S. and Canadian customers also received a Kratos and Atreus pin for pre-ordering the Digital Deluxe Edition. Pre-orders at select retailers", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574823", "text": "images showed Kratos in the world of Norse mythology; a concept originally considered by series creator David Jaffe after Kratos eliminated the Greek gods. The game's official announcement came at the 2016 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) with a gameplay demo that confirmed the concept art to be true. The demo showed a fully bearded Kratos with a son, and Kratos was teaching the boy how to hunt. The pair also battled a troll. The end of the demo showed the title \"God of War\" and confirmed it was in development for the PlayStation 4. E3 also confirmed that Barlog had", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574808", "text": "the squirrel Ratatoskr that will dig up orbs to replenish Kratos' health or rage meters. These orbs are also found throughout the game world and dropped by downed foes. While the first seven games were loosely based on Greek mythology, this installment takes the series to Norse mythology. Six of the nine realms of Norse mythology can be explored. Predating the Vikings, the majority of the game takes place in ancient Norway in the realm of Midgard, inhabited by humans and other creatures and is the same realm that the Greek world had existed in. As more creatures began appearing,", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "14114254", "text": "to fulfill her promise and spread her ashes there. Along their journey, Kratos eventually reveals that he is a god to Atreus, and after defeating Baldur and in turn becoming an enemy of the Norse gods, he finally reveals his troubled past to his son and that they should learn from past mistakes. The character was originally voiced by Terrence C. Carson; his final portrayal of the character was in 2013's \"Ascension\". Christopher Judge replaced TC Carson in 2018's \"God of War\". Antony Del Rio voiced the character as a child in \"Ghost of Sparta\" (2010). Athena was the Goddess", "title": "Characters of God of War" }, { "id": "11696514", "text": "worldwide. \"God of War\" (2005), \"God of War II\", \"Chains of Olympus\", \"God of War Collection\", \"God of War III\", and \"God of War\" (2018) each received critical acclaim from several reviewers as compiled by review aggregator Metacritic, with both the 2005 and 2018 titles being tied for the highest score in the franchise at 94/100. \"Betrayal\" and \"Ghost of Sparta\" only received generally favorable reception. \"Ascension\" also only had a generally favorable reception and, not including the PlayStation Vita port of \"God of War Collection\", it has the lowest score in the series from Metacritic (80/100). At the time", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "19574814", "text": "Kratos his Guardian Shield. The spirit of the Greek goddess Athena (Carole Ruggier) makes a cameo appearance, and Zeus (Corey Burton) appears as an illusion to Kratos in Helheim. Many years have passed since Kratos took his vengeance against the Olympian gods, and he now lives with his young son Atreus in ancient Norway in the realm of Midgard. The game opens following the death of Kratos' second wife and Atreus' mother, Faye, whose last wish was for her ashes to be spread at the highest peak of the nine realms. Before starting their journey, Kratos is confronted by a", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19726552", "text": "Kratos in the 2018 video game, \"God of War\". He is also the lead actor in the drama film \"Mid90s\" directed by Jonah Hill and has a supporting role as Tarby in the fantasy-horror family film \"The House with a Clock in Its Walls\". Sunny Suljic Sunny Suljic (born August 10, 2005) is an American child actor and skateboarder. He is known for his roles as Bob in Yorgos Lanthimos 2017 drama \"The Killing of a Sacred Deer\" and as the voice and motion capture actor for Atreus, the son of Kratos in the 2018 video game, \"God of War\".", "title": "Sunny Suljic" }, { "id": "11696493", "text": "few months after \"God of War\" was announced. The game's story was estimated to take 25–35 hours to complete, which is significantly more than the previous four main installments, which each took an average of 10 hours to complete. Cory Barlog also confirmed that the 2018 game would not be Kratos' last. He said that future games could see the series tackling Egyptian or Mayan mythology, and that although the 2018 game focuses on Norse mythology, it alludes to the fact that there are other mythologies co-existing in the world. Barlog also said that he liked the idea of having", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "20746177", "text": "The Game Awards 2018 The Game Awards 2018 was an award show that honored the best video games of 2018. As with previous Game Awards, the event was hosted by Geoff Keighley at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles on December 6, 2018. \"God of War\" won three awards, including for game of the year, while \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" won the most overall awards with four. It was live streamed on over 40 platforms worldwide, with viewership numbers of over 26 million. In addition to the awards, a number of new games and content for them was revealed during", "title": "The Game Awards 2018" }, { "id": "2966126", "text": "Saturn Award in the category of Best Supporting Actor in a Television Series for his work on \"Stargate SG-1\". Christopher Judge Douglas Christopher Judge (born October 13, 1964) is an American Canadian actor best known for playing Teal'c in the Canadian-American military science fiction television series \"Stargate SG-1\". He attended the University of Oregon on a football scholarship and was a Pacific-10 Conference player. Judge played Kratos in the 2018 video game \"God of War\", replacing long-time voice actor Terrence C. Carson. Christopher Judge was born and raised in Los Angeles, California. He has one younger brother, Jeff Judge, also", "title": "Christopher Judge" }, { "id": "11137803", "text": "In March 2012, it was announced that Barlog joined Crystal Dynamics to direct the cinematics for the new \"Tomb Raider\" game and go on to direct an unannounced game. Barlog left the company in April 2013. In August 2013, it was announced that Barlog would return to SIE Sony Santa Monica. There, Barlog serves as creative director for the studio, and directed 2018's \"God of War\", for which he won best game direction and overall game of the year at The Game Awards 2018 ceremony. Cory Barlog Cory Barlog (born September 2, 1975) is the creative director at SIE Santa", "title": "Cory Barlog" }, { "id": "19574854", "text": "several months working with Barlog, Scaturro, Leary, Sony music director Chuck Doud, and the rest of the development team in making this new theme. McCreary described it as \"arguably one of my most structurally satisfying and catchy melodies.\" After further scoring, McCreary realized that Faye would require a theme, and his original one was \"exactly [what] I needed.\" This melody was woven throughout several scenes and is featured as prominently in the game as Kratos' theme. The three-note Kratos theme is most obviously heard in the title track, \"God of War\". When it was decided that \"God of War\" would", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574812", "text": "other beings' thoughts. The main antagonist is the Æsir god Baldur (Jeremy Davies), the brother of Thor, whose sons Modi and Magni (Nolan North and Troy Baker, respectively) assist Baldur. His parents are Odin and the Vanir god Freya (Danielle Bisutti). Freya tried leaving Odin, as she did not truly love him, and Odin had her banished to Midgard, after which she became known as the Witch of the Woods. To protect her son from a prophecy that foretold his death, Freya cast a spell of immortality on Baldur, which also caused him to not feel pain or any feeling", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574811", "text": "and learned about their mythologies; Odin had him killed as he believed Týr was secretly aiding the giants and would try to overthrow him. The protagonists of the game are Kratos (voiced by Christopher Judge) and his young son Atreus (Sunny Suljic). Kratos is a warrior originally from Sparta who became the Greek God of War and is the son of Zeus. After ending up in ancient Norway, he met his second and now deceased wife, Laufey (addressed as Faye), and they bore their son, Atreus, who does not know about Kratos' past or his divine nature, but can hear", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574830", "text": "to the series, the team decided to drop the mode to focus on the single-player experience. In changing the gameplay, Studstill said \"I felt like, in order to reinvent, we really needed to turn a lot of things around.\" In regard to the camera change, Barlog said they were wanting a more intimate and player-controlled experience. Explaining Kratos' axe, lead gameplay designer Jason McDonald, who has worked on the series since the original game, said the axe was chosen because they wanted a more grounded direction for the game. Initially, they were unsure how to make it unique, like how", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574845", "text": "and not just \"a way to get into battles.\" He said \"it was really this great story of this relationship and this crazy mythology.\" While Judge did all of Kratos' motion capture for the cinematic scenes, stuntman Eric Jacobus did all of Kratos' combat motion capture; Jacobus was found by \"God of War\"s animators on YouTube. Instead of going directly to Santa Monica to audition, Jacobus recorded an audition tape and they immediately hired him. During E3 2016, GameSpot mistakenly reported that Kratos' son's name was Charlie, which Barlog laughingly denied. In January 2017, after a fan downloaded the \"God", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574825", "text": "Sony Interactive Entertainment had to be convinced to do another \"God of War\" game as a lot of people at Sony wanted the series to \"sleep and rest\" due to the lackluster response of the previous game, \"Ascension\". In explaining why Barlog was brought back, Studstill said that he knew the series very well, \"and bringing in someone that understands that history is the respect the franchise deserves.\" Barlog followed up with \"You gotta know the rules to break the rules.\" Series creator David Jaffe was also considered, but was unavailable. In explaining the transition from Greek mythology to Norse", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "9404065", "text": "also provided Kratos's voice where Kratos was a downloadable character in \"\" (2008), and a guest character in \"\" (2009), \"Mortal Kombat\" (PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita versions, 2011 and 2012, respectively), and \"PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale\" (2012). Christopher Judge took over the role of Kratos in 2018's \"God of War\" for the PlayStation 4. The reason being Carson was not tall enough for the motion-capture and also because of Judge's chemistry with Sunny Suljic who plays Kratos' son Atreus. His voice is featured on \"The Bible Experience\". In 2002, Carson released a jazz/funk CD called \"Truth\". In early 2016,", "title": "Terrence C. Carson" }, { "id": "19574800", "text": "boat to traverse bodies of water. Jumping can now only be done at designated areas, such as a rock ledge. Just like previous entries, there are puzzles for players to solve to progress through parts of the game. Enemies in the game stem from Norse mythology, such as dark elves, wulvers, draugrs, as well as Gullveig and the revenants, beings warped by seiðr magic, among many others. Valkyries appear as optional boss battles, and among the many side quests, players can free the imprisoned dragons Fáfnir, Otr, and Reginn—dwarfs that were turned into dragons—in addition to battling one called Hræzlyr,", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "14114257", "text": "haunt and taunt him about his past that he had kept secret from his son Atreus. As he was retrieving his old weapons, the Blades of Chaos, she said he was nothing more than a monster, to which Kratos replied that he was not her monster anymore. The character was voiced by Carole Ruggier in 2005's \"God of War\", 2007's \"God of War II\", and 2018's \"God of War\". Erin Torpey voiced the character in \"Chains of Olympus\" (2008), \"God of War III\" (2010), and \"Ghost of Sparta\" (2010). Gaia was the mother of the Titans and embodiment of Earth.", "title": "Characters of God of War" }, { "id": "19574842", "text": "from \"Stargate SG-1\", replaced T.C. Carson as the voice of Kratos; Carson had voiced Kratos since the original \"God of War\". Commenting in response to the change, Carson said, \"Sony went in a new direction.\" Barlog explained that the way the previous games were made, they were able to have someone else do the motion capture instead of the voice actor. Although Carson had done the motion capture for Kratos in \"Ascension\", Barlog said the actor change was made because of the type of camera work they wanted to do. For the new camera work, they needed someone who was", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "17370704", "text": "Carole Ruggier Carole Ruggier is a British actress of Maltese, Italian and Irish descent. As a casting director, director, and voice actress, she is known for her work on video games. Notable voice roles include Athena in \"God of War\", \"God of War II\" and \"God of War (2018)\", and Auntie Dot in \".\" Ruggier's family left Egypt as refugees from the Suez Crisis and she was born just after their arrival in the UK. She grew up in London and moved to Los Angeles, California. She trained as an actress at The Arts Educational Drama School in London and", "title": "Carole Ruggier" }, { "id": "19574846", "text": "of War\" overture and saw the track's details that said \"An introduction to Kratos and Atreus\", Barlog confirmed on Twitter that Atreus was in fact the son's name. Barlog said that Atreus was unaware that Kratos was a demigod, and did not know about his past. They did not reveal details of Atreus' mother prior to release due to her being a critical part of the story. Barlog stated that during gameplay, Atreus would be \"like magic, an additional combat resource, and [the player is] training him and teaching him.\" The developers stated that Atreus would not be a burden", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574871", "text": "the game shifting from cinematic back to the gameplay. Juba said this decision \"[proved] immensely rewarding during big moments by giving [the player] an intimate view.\" Faulkner, however, claimed \"it can be difficult to control the camera and keep a bead on the enemies you're fighting.\" In his review for \"IGN\", Jonathon Dornbush felt that the intimacy of the closer camera makes all of the emotions \"more real and impactful.\" Speaking on the game's visuals, Faulkner said that the game looks amazing, \"and with 4K and HDR this game goes a step beyond what even games like \"Horizon Zero Dawn\"", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574795", "text": "are two main protagonists: Kratos, the former Greek God of War who remains as the only playable character, and he is joined by his young son Atreus; at times, the player may passively control him. Following the death of Kratos' second wife and Atreus' mother, they journey to fulfill her promise to spread her ashes at the highest peak of the nine realms. Kratos keeps his troubled past a secret from Atreus, who is unaware of his divine nature. Along their journey, they encounter monsters and gods of the Norse world. Described by creative director Cory Barlog as a reimagining", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "16882385", "text": "2018 in video gaming Numerous video games have been released in 2018. Midway through the year, some of the best-selling games of the year included \"Far Cry 5\", \"God of War\", \"\" and \"Dragon Ball FighterZ\". The highest-selling games so far this year since October 2018 include \"\", \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" and \"Super Smash Bros Ultimate\". Among major trends in 2018 included ongoing governmental review of loot boxes in light of national gambling restrictions, and the explosive growth of Epic Games' \"Fortnite Battle Royale\" across computers, consoles, and mobile devices, with over 200 million registered players and at least", "title": "2018 in video gaming" }, { "id": "19574872", "text": "showed us was possible on this platform.\" Brown noted that \"\"God of War\" is a technical and artistic showcase. It is without a doubt one of the best-looking console games ever released.\" Dan Ryckert of \"Giant Bomb\" claimed that games such as \"\" and \"Horizon Zero Dawn\" \"made great cases for a PS4 Pro and a 4K television, but \"God of War\"s visuals are a bigger selling point than anything I've seen on Sony's platform to date.\" Despite the game's grandeur, Plessas felt that the boss fights \"do not hit quite the same frequency as they did in the past", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574867", "text": "a sequel that new players would be able to understand without having played any of the previous games, while at the same time, providing story references to those past games that returning fans would appreciate. Speaking of the relationship between Kratos and Atreus, Faulkner wrote that \"Watching the two grow throughout their journey is incredibly rewarding,\" equating it to that of Ellie and Joel from \"The Last of Us\" or Lee and Clementine from Telltale Games' \"The Walking Dead\". In terms of the game's combat system, Plessas stated that unlike previous games, which often relied on the player to use", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "20668476", "text": "thing, because I was watching a lot of Stranger Things.\" Lowery explained the meaning behind the album title in an interview with The Daily Times: The album was released through Rise Records on May 11, 2018. The band will begin touring in support of the album prior to its release, which will extend until at least June of the same year. The first single from the album, \"Dirty\", was released ahead of the album on March 16, 2018. A second song, \"Not Original\", was also released on April 6, 2018. Both songs contained similar music videos, featuring the band playing", "title": "All I See Is War" }, { "id": "19574813", "text": "of pleasure, which he resented her for. The only thing that she could not prevent from breaking the spell was mistletoe, which she kept secret. Other characters include Mímir (Alastair Duncan), who claims to be the smartest man alive, and the Huldra Brothers, Brok (Robert Craighead) and Sindri (Adam J. Harrington), a pair of dwarves who appear at various points in the world and assist Kratos and Atreus with forging new gear. Their weapons, including Thor's hammer Mjölnir, were used by the Æsir gods and they also had forged Kratos' Leviathan Axe, which originally belonged to Faye, who also gifted", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574809", "text": "many humans fled. Other realms visited as part of the story include Alfheim, the mystical home of the light and dark elves, Helheim, the icy land of the dead, and Jötunheim, the mountainous land of the giants. Other explorable realms include Niflheim, a realm of poisonous fog with a maze-like structure of rewards, and the fire realm Muspelheim, featuring the six Trials of Muspelheim; completing each trial grants rewards and advances Kratos and Atreus closer to the top of a large volcano. Access to the other three realms—Asgard, home of the Æsir gods, Vanaheim, home of the Vanir gods, and", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "10169086", "text": "Remastered is a remastered port of \"God of War III\" for the PlayStation 4 console. It was first released in North America on July 14, 2015, followed by Australia and mainland Europe on July 15, and the UK on July 17. Santa Monica's Creative Director Cory Barlog announced the remastered game in celebration of the \"God of War\" franchise's tenth anniversary. Ported by Wholesale Algorithms, the remastered version has full 1080p support targeted at 60 frames per second and features a photo mode, allowing players to edit their photos and share their favorite moments. All of the DLC that was", "title": "God of War III" }, { "id": "11696466", "text": "third-person, fixed cinematic camera with the exception of \"Betrayal\", which is the only installment to feature a 2D side-scrolling view. In 2018's \"God of War\", the camera was switched from being fixed and became an over-the-shoulder free camera. A first-person camera is featured in \"God of War III\" and \"Ascension\". Throughout the series, the player controls the character Kratos in a combination of hack and slash combat, platforming, and puzzle game elements to achieve goals and complete the story (platforming elements were removed from 2018's \"God of War\" due to the camera change). 2018's \"God of War\" adds Kratos' son", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "20544738", "text": "countries, including the UK and Canada and reached the top ten in nine others. The song broke first-day streaming records on both Apple Music and Spotify. Following the release of his fourth studio album \"Views\" (2016) and his sixth mixtape \"More Life\" (2017), Drake did not release any music for eight months until the EP \"Scary Hours\" on January 19, 2018, following multiple leaks, like for \"Pistols\". \"God's Plan\", was first teased on January 1, 2018 at New York New Year's Eve Party, and originally featured American rapper Trippie Redd. Redd had been talking about the collaboration since October 2017", "title": "God's Plan (song)" }, { "id": "11696501", "text": "\"this new person is pretty good, if that ends up true.\" In July 2012, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" said that writers Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan had been hired to adapt the \"God of War\" film. On August 30, 2012, the writers told IGN that they intend to \"humanize\" Kratos and explore his past. Melton said that they are emotionally invested and it could become a series of films, and that Ares \"will become a more proactive villain\". As of 23, 2019, the movie is without a director, no actors have been confirmed, and a release date has not been set,", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "14114241", "text": "III\", which is also titled \"God of War\" (2018). The \"God of War\" mythos expanded into literature, with a novelization of the original \"God of War\" published in 2010, and a six-issue comic series that introduced new characters and plot developments that was published from 2010–11. A novelization of \"God of War II\" was published in 2013, and a film adaptation of the original \"God of War\" has been in development since 2005. A prequel graphic novel titled \"\" (2012–13) was released in the lead up to \"Ascension\"s release and is the backstory of the player's multiplayer character. To go", "title": "Characters of God of War" }, { "id": "19574821", "text": "with Baldur was shown, revealing he was actually after Faye the whole time. It is also revealed that Atreus was named Loki by his mother. Wondering if Faye planned this in advance, Kratos and Atreus fulfill their promise and spread her ashes at the peak, overlooking a valley of giants' corpses. Afterwards, Kratos reveals to Atreus that his given name was also the name of a compassionate Spartan comrade. When they return to Midgard, Mímir warns them that the three-year long Fimbulwinter has started, meaning Ragnarök is soon to follow, which was not supposed to occur for another hundred years.", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574831", "text": "the double-chained blades were. After they came up with the concept of throwing the axe and having it return to Kratos, \"things started to fall into place.\" McDonald said that combat with the axe is a little slower than the blades, \"but it's just as fluid and just as brutal as it's ever been.\" Barlog took inspiration from \"Dark Souls\" (2011), which influenced the game's combat system, particularly its gameplay loop and strategic decision-making, as well as the game's approach to storytelling. In addition, designers Anthony DiMento and Luis Sanchez revealed how \"God of War\"s level design and exploration was", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "20197639", "text": "God of War (film) God of War is a 2017 Chinese historical war film directed by Gordon Chan and starring Vincent Zhao, Sammo Hung, and Yasuaki Kurata. It was released in the United States in Mandarin with English subtitles on June 2, 2017. The plot is based on general Qi Jiguang's suppression of the \"wokou\" pirates during the Ming dynasty. In 1557, Japanese samurai warriors involved in \"wokou\" piracy terrorized and took control of the coastline villages in China. The Chinese General Yu Dayou (Sammo Hung) with the help of General Qi Jiguang (Vincent Zhao) had to create strategic methods", "title": "God of War (film)" }, { "id": "11696522", "text": "into the multiplayer, they were critical of the balance and depth of combat. \"Edge\" magazine approved of the multiplayer, stating it is an \"evolutionary step\" with \"some fine ideas ... that will form part of this genre's future template.\" 2018's \"God of War\" received some criticism, for example, a couple of reviewers disliked that the fast travel option unlocked very late into the game. The collections have also received praise. IGN (9.4/10) awarded \"God of War Collection\" (PS3) the \"Editor's Choice\" Award and praised the enhanced resolutions, lower price point and smoother frame rates, and stated it was the \"definitive", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "19574853", "text": "a Hardanger fiddle. The first theme composed for the game was \"Memories of Mother\". McCreary said the theme itself was not originally for Atreus' mother Faye, but it was actually for Kratos himself. His initial sketches were different variations of this melancholy tune. After the game went into full production, McCreary and the development team realized it was \"too sad and lyrical to represent Kratos.\" McCreary stepped away from this theme and focused on writing a new one, or what he called the Kratos Theme, which he felt was more representative of the character: \"masculine, relentless, and badass\". He spent", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "11696519", "text": "music, story, use of Norse mythology, characters, and cinematic feeling. Many also felt that it had successfully revitalized the series without losing the core identity of its predecessors. It won several awards, among which were \"Game of the Year\" and \"Best Game Direction\" at The Game Awards 2018 and \"Best Storytelling\" and \"PlayStation Game of the Year\" at the 2018 Golden Joystick Awards. The series has also received criticism because of problems with puzzles, weapons, and technical issues. \"Chains of Olympus\" was criticized by G4, who stated that the game \"occasionally suffers from screen tearing and framerate drops\", and that", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "19088264", "text": "soundtrack titled \"Swan Song\". The film is scheduled to be released by 20th Century Fox on February 14, 2019, and will be screened in IMAX theaters. The film was originally set to be released on July 20, 2018, but in February 2018, the film was delayed to December 21, before later being pushed back again in late September to its current release date. The first trailer for the film was released on December 8, 2017, with a July 2018 release in mind. The footage received a mixed response, with a majority of the commentary focusing on the appearance of the", "title": "Alita: Battle Angel" }, { "id": "19574803", "text": "storm. Another new weapon that Kratos utilizes is the Guardian Shield. When not in use, it folds up and appears like a vambrace on Kratos' left forearm. When summoned, the shield can be used offensively and defensively, similar to the Golden Fleece in previous games. Kratos also utilizes hand-to-hand combat, a feature originally introduced in \"Ascension\". The Blades of Chaos, infused with fire elemental magic, are acquired late into the game via a plot device and perform similarly as they did in previous installments, but can also be upgraded with light and heavy runic attacks. Similar to previous games, there", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "18366457", "text": "be available at a later point. \"Avengers: Infinity War\" grossed $678.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $1.369 billion in other territories, for a worldwide total of $2.048 billion. It became the fourth highest-grossing film of all time, as well as the highest-grossing film of 2018, the highest-grossing MCU film, and the highest-grossing superhero film. Its worldwide opening weekend of $640.5 million is the biggest of all time, beating \"The Fate of the Furious\" (2017) $541.9 million. It was the fastest film to make $1 billion at the worldwide box office, doing so in 11 days to eclipse", "title": "Avengers: Infinity War" }, { "id": "11696512", "text": "it for being powerful, rich, and pulsing, though felt it was repetitive at times. Bear McCreary is the most recent composer to work on the series as he composed the music for 2018's \"God of War\" on PlayStation 4. \"God of War: Blood & Metal\" is a heavy metal homage by various bands on the Roadrunner Records label, and features original music inspired by the \"God of War\" video game series. The EP was released for purchase on March 2, 2010, and is available from ShockHound and the iTunes Store. It was also included as downloadable content in the \"God", "title": "God of War (franchise)" }, { "id": "19574806", "text": "rip it in half or grab them and throw them into other enemies, among other possible outcomes. Although the game is played entirely as Kratos, there are times when the player may choose to passively control Kratos' son, Atreus. One button is dedicated to Atreus and its use depends on the context. For example, if the player needs assistance, they can look at an enemy, press the button, and Atreus will use his Talon Bow to shoot arrows at the enemy. The arrows have little effect on an enemy's health, but do increase the stun meter. Over the course of", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574870", "text": "other hand, felt it got old after a while. The implementation of Atreus was praised. Plessas said that Atreus is \"surprisingly useful\" and that he \"lands in the perfect spot on the spectrum between independence and reliance.\" Faulkner noted that \"The interplay between Kratos ax, fists, and shield, and Atreus' bow makes for an impressive fighting system.\" Despite its different approach to combat, compared to the previous games, \"GamesRadar+\"s Leon Hurley felt the game was \"every bit as brutally unflinching as previous games.\" Writing for \"Polygon\", Chris Plante praised the camerawork as a technical marvel, noting the seamless nature of", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574876", "text": "not an option at time of the review. Juba stated that \"\"God of War\"s momentum rarely falters, and when it does, the inconvenience is brief.\" One example he gave was the map, saying that although players have freedom to explore, it can be difficult to track Kratos' position. He also felt that the fast-travel system was \"weirdly cumbersome\" and that it opens up too late in the game. Although he enjoyed these features, Faulkner noted that some players may dislike the fact that the game has a lack of player agency, and that players have to explore the majority of", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574841", "text": "teaching his son how to be a god, and his son teaching Kratos how to be human again.\" Referencing the Marvel Comics character Hulk, Barlog said that in regards to Kratos, \"We've already told the story of The Hulk. We want to tell the story of [Bruce] Banner now.\" One of their goals was to make Kratos \"a more nuanced and interesting character.\" In changing the narrative focus, Studstill said \"I think we inherently knew the franchise needed to evolve in that emotional beat and be something meatier for the older generation of gamers.\" Christopher Judge, best known as Teal'c", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "19574840", "text": "to the new changes, Barlog said that: Barlog explained that Kratos had to change his cycle of violence and learn how to control his rage. He said that Kratos had made many bad decisions, which led to the destruction of Olympus, and wanted to know what would happen if Kratos made a good decision. The birth of Barlog's own son influenced the idea of Kratos' character change. The canceled live-action \"Star Wars\" television series was also an influence. The bond between Kratos and his son is at the heart of the game and Barlog said \"This game is about Kratos", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "16659633", "text": "translations, which were said to be too literal, were thought \"to have been done by Google Translate.\" In December 2015, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences placed \"Avengers: Age of Ultron\" on their shortlist of potential nominees for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects at the 88th Academy Awards, but ultimately did not nominate it for the award. \"Avengers: Infinity War\" and \"Avengers: Endgame\" were directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, from a script by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely. \"Infinity War\" was released on April 27, 2018, with the sequel scheduled for April 26, 2019. Much", "title": "Avengers: Age of Ultron" }, { "id": "19574820", "text": "Kratos tells Atreus that they should both learn from their experiences and not repeat the mistakes of their predecessors. A silent Freya leaves with Baldur's corpse and Mímir hopefully suggests that she will eventually move on from the tragedy and that Kratos did the right thing. In Jötunheim, they find a temple with a mural depicting their adventures, showing that the giants had foreseen everything that would happen and vaguely foretold what was to come. In addition, they discover that Faye was a giant who decided to stay behind in Midgard, making Atreus part giant, god, and mortal. Their fight", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "20053664", "text": "\"Coup d'Etat\", at the Nantucket Film Festival, New Jersey Indie Street Film Festival, Carmel International Film Festival and the Napa Valley Film Festival. Cinedigm released the film in North America simultaneously in theaters and on video on demand on March 16, 2018, followed by a DVD release on April 24, 2018. The first trailer was released on January 17, 2018. The film received negative reviews, but the performances of Caine and Rush were praised. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 16% based on 19 reviews, and an average rating of 3.6/10. On Metacritic,", "title": "Dear Dictator" }, { "id": "19574848", "text": "player to see. Jason McDonald said it took a lot of iterations with the enemies and Atreus to make it all work together. Early in development, it was suggested for Atreus to be cut or to significantly minimize his role due to the many developmental challenges and financial expense. Barlog stated that the game could have worked without Atreus, but it would have been completely different, likening it to that of the 2013 film \"All Is Lost\". Barlog said that with just Kratos, it would have been \"one character who talks to himself occasionally, but generally, it will be very", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "20852792", "text": "high and 180 meters (590 feet) in length. The film premiered in South Korea on September 19, 2018, with age 12-rating. The film was released alongside \"Fengshui\", \"The Negotiation\", and \"The Nun\", considered the most competitive week on Korean Box Office this year. The film was released in North America on September 21, 2018. As of September 21, the film had been sold to over 32 countries, with release date in United Kingdom, Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, and Singapore set in October 2018. It was released on V.O.D on October 24, 2018. The film received mostly positive reviews from", "title": "The Great Battle (film)" }, { "id": "19574804", "text": "is a \"Rage\" ability called Spartan Rage. Like the previous versions, the Rage ability has a meter that gradually fills during combat. With this ability, Kratos uses powerful bare-handed attacks, as opposed to weapons, to greatly damage enemies. The game also features elements similar to role-playing video games (RPGs). There are crafting resources for the player to find that allow them to create new or upgrade existing armor with better perks. Players also accumulate a currency called Hacksilver, a key component in crafting and purchasing new items. Experience points (XP) are used for learning new combat skills. Throughout the game", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "16882388", "text": "\"Spyro\", \"State of Decay\", \"Super Smash Bros.\", \"The Bard's Tale\", \"The Crew\", \"The Walking Dead\", \"Tomb Raider\", \"Tropico\", \"Valkyria Chronicles\", and \"Warhammer\". The list of games released, or due for release in 2018. Below is a list of games which have been announced to be released in 2018, but have no exact release date or month yet. 2018 in video gaming Numerous video games have been released in 2018. Midway through the year, some of the best-selling games of the year included \"Far Cry 5\", \"God of War\", \"\" and \"Dragon Ball FighterZ\". The highest-selling games so far this year", "title": "2018 in video gaming" }, { "id": "19574826", "text": "mythology, Barlog said: \"it's kind of this BC–AD change over kind of thing. We're moving and starting from zero and kind of moving forward on that.\" Before settling on Norse mythology, Egyptian mythology was also considered. Barlog said that half of the team was for it, but since \"there's a lot more about civilization – it's less isolated, less barren\", he had to make the decision and decided on the Norse setting because they wanted the focus to stay on Kratos: \"Having too much around distracts from that central theme of a stranger in a strange land.\" In explaining why", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" }, { "id": "5727602", "text": "role in a production with Bill Paxton, the first being 1996's film \"Twiste\"r. In the 2017 TV drama \"American Gods\" he plays one version of Jesus Christ, and in the 2018 video game \"God of War\" he provided the voice and motion capture for Baldur. Jeremy Davies Jeremy Davies (born Jeremy Boring; October 8, 1969) is an American film and television actor. He is known for portraying the Norse god Baldur in \"God of War\", Corporal Upham in \"Saving Private Ryan\", Daniel Faraday on the ABC series \"Lost\" and Dickie Bennett in the FX series \"Justified\", for which he was", "title": "Jeremy Davies" }, { "id": "19574850", "text": "November 2014 to meet with music producers Peter Scaturro and Keith Leary to discuss \"a secret project\"; McCreary had previously collaborated with Scaturro and Leary on 2011's \"\". Ideas of folk music, mythology, Nordic ethnic instruments, vocal writing, and classical thematic development were discussed, to which McCreary correctly guessed that the discussions were about a new \"God of War\". He met with Barlog early on, and they discussed Barlog's narrative vision for the game. After meeting with Barlog, McCreary felt that the franchise was in good hands because \"God of War II\", which Barlog also directed, was his favorite installment.", "title": "God of War (2018 video game)" } ]

[ "Niagara River" ]

[ { "id": "625748", "text": "the two largest islands, are on the American and Canadian sides of the river, respectively. Goat Island and the tiny Luna Island split Niagara Falls into its three sections, the Horseshoe Falls, Bridal Veil Falls, and American Falls. Unity Island lies further upstream, alongside the city of Buffalo. The Niagara River and its tributaries, Tonawanda Creek and the Welland River, formed part of the last section of the Erie Canal and Welland Canal. After leaving Lockport, New York, the Erie Canal proceeds southwest until it enters Tonawanda Creek. After entering the Niagara River, watercraft then proceed southward to the final", "title": "Niagara River" }, { "id": "625757", "text": "Falls, New York. Niagara Falls was formed when glaciers receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation (the last ice age), and water from the newly formed Great Lakes carved a path through the Niagara Escarpment en route to the Atlantic Ocean. Niagara Falls is famed both for its beauty and as a valuable source of hydroelectric power. Balancing recreational, commercial, and industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 19th century. The Horseshoe Falls drop about , while the height of the American Falls varies between because of the presence of giant boulders", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "625781", "text": "Up to of water a second is diverted from the Niagara River through conduits under the city of Niagara Falls to the Lewiston and Robert Moses power plants. Currently between 50% and 75% of the Niagara River's flow is diverted via four huge tunnels that arise far upstream from the waterfalls. The water then passes through hydroelectric turbines that supply power to nearby areas of Canada and the United States before returning to the river well past the falls. This water spins turbines that power generators, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. When electricity demand is low, the Lewiston units", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "625759", "text": "to hydroelectric facilities. This is accomplished by employing a weir – the International Control Dam – with movable gates upstream from the Horseshoe Falls. The falls' flow is further halved at night, and, during the low tourist season in the winter, remains a minimum of per second. Water diversion is regulated by the 1950 Niagara Treaty and is administered by the International Niagara Board of Control (IJC). The verdant green colour of the water flowing over the Niagara Falls is a byproduct of the estimated 60 tonnes/minute of dissolved salts and \"rock flour\" (very finely ground rock) generated by the", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "667098", "text": "the St. Lawrence River, eventually emptying into the North Atlantic Ocean. Today, tourists and visitors to the Falls see a diminished flow of water over the Falls, since a portion of the flow has been diverted for hydroelectric power purposes. Both the American and Canadian side of the Niagara River have massive electrical power plants. The spectacular Niagara Gorge is the path Niagara Falls has taken over thousands of years as it continues to erode. Niagara Falls started at the Niagara Escarpment which cuts Niagara County in half in an east-west direction. North of the Escarpment lies the Lake Ontario", "title": "Niagara County, New York" }, { "id": "625760", "text": "erosive force of the Niagara River itself. The features that became Niagara Falls were created by the Wisconsin glaciation about 10,000 years ago. The same forces also created the North American Great Lakes and the Niagara River. All were dug by a continental ice sheet that drove through the area, deepening some river channels to form lakes, and damming others with debris. Scientists argue there is an old valley, St David's Buried Gorge, buried by glacial drift, at the approximate location of the present Welland Canal. When the ice melted, the upper Great Lakes emptied into the Niagara River, which", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "625756", "text": "Falls by Luna Island. Located on the Niagara River, which drains Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, the combined falls form the highest flow rate of any waterfall in North America that has a vertical drop of more than . During peak daytime tourist hours, more than 168,000 m (six million cubic feet) of water goes over the crest of the falls every minute. Horseshoe Falls is the most powerful waterfall in North America, as measured by flow rate. The falls are north-northwest of Buffalo, New York, and south-southeast of Toronto, between the twin cities of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and Niagara", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "667097", "text": "just north of Buffalo and adjacent to Lake Ontario on its northern border and the Niagara River and Canada on its western border. The county's primary geographic feature is Niagara Falls, the riverbed of which has eroded seven miles south over the past 12,000 years since the last Ice Age. The Niagara River and Niagara Falls, are in effect, the drainage ditch for four of the Great Lakes which constitute the world's largest supply of fresh water. The water flows north from Lake Erie, then through the Niagara River, goes over Niagara Falls, and then on to Lake Ontario and", "title": "Niagara County, New York" }, { "id": "625758", "text": "at its base. The larger Horseshoe Falls are about wide, while the American Falls are wide. The distance between the American extremity of the Niagara Falls and the Canadian extremity is . The peak flow over Horseshoe Falls was recorded at per second. The average annual flow rate is per second. Since the flow is a direct function of the Lake Erie water elevation, it typically peaks in late spring or early summer. During the summer months, at least per second of water traverses the falls, some 90% of which goes over the Horseshoe Falls, while the balance is diverted", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "816544", "text": "American Falls The American Falls is the second-largest of the three waterfalls that together are known as Niagara Falls on the Niagara River along the Canada–U.S. border. Unlike the much larger Horseshoe Falls, of which two-thirds is in Ontario, Canada and one-third in the U.S. state of New York, the American Falls is entirely within the United States. The falls receive approximately 11% of the flow from Niagara River, with most of the rest going over Horseshoe Falls, from which it is separated by Goat Island. It has a straight line crest width of about . If measured along the", "title": "American Falls" }, { "id": "625774", "text": "finishing the project in November of that year. Water flow was restored on November 25, 1969. Before the late 20th century, the northeastern end of the Horseshoe Falls was in the United States, flowing around the Terrapin Rocks, which were once connected to Goat Island by a series of bridges. In 1955, the area between the rocks and Goat Island was filled in, creating Terrapin Point. In the early 1980s, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers filled in more land and built diversion dams and retaining walls to force the water away from Terrapin Point. Altogether, of the Horseshoe Falls", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "625745", "text": "Niagara River The Niagara River ( ) is a river that flows north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. It forms part of the border between the province of Ontario in Canada (on the west) and the state of New York in the United States (on the east). There are differing theories as to the origin of the river's name. According to Iroquoian scholar Bruce Trigger, \"Niagara\" is derived from the name given to a branch of the locally residing native Neutral Confederacy, who are described as being called the \"Niagagarega\" people on several late-17th-century French maps of the area.", "title": "Niagara River" }, { "id": "625776", "text": "ran and the falls ran at the other two sites. The enormous energy of Niagara Falls has long been recognized as a potential source of power. The first known effort to harness the waters was in 1759, when Daniel Joncaire built a small canal above the falls to power his sawmill. Augustus and Peter Porter purchased this area and all of American Falls in 1805 from the New York state government, and enlarged the original canal to provide hydraulic power for their gristmill and tannery. In 1853, the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and Mining Company was chartered, which eventually constructed", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "764012", "text": "as measured by water volume in the Eastern United States, south of Niagara Falls. The falls divides the river into two sections, the Upper and Lower, or \"below the falls\" section. The water which flows through the Cumberland Falls gathers from a drainage area of . In data collected between 1908 and 2017 by the United States Geological Survey, peak annual water flow at the falls occurred in 1927, at an average rate of 5,196 ft3/s, and the all-time low occurred in 1988, during the 1988–89 North American drought, at an average rate of 1,324 ft3/s. The all-time highest recorded", "title": "Cumberland Falls" }, { "id": "5347513", "text": "Niagara Gorge Niagara Gorge is an gorge carved by the Niagara River along the Canada–United States border, between the U.S. state of New York and the Canadian province of Ontario. It begins at the base of Niagara Falls and ends at the Niagara Escarpment near Queenston, Ontario, where the Falls originated about 12,500 years ago. The Falls have receded upstream toward Lake Erie by slow erosion of hard Lockport dolomite (a dolomitic limestone or dolostone, which is the surface rock of the escarpment), combined with rapid erosion of the relatively soft layers beneath it. The force of the river current", "title": "Niagara Gorge" }, { "id": "816548", "text": "it was decided not to make alterations to the rockwall, citing the trend to allow nature to take its course. American Falls The American Falls is the second-largest of the three waterfalls that together are known as Niagara Falls on the Niagara River along the Canada–U.S. border. Unlike the much larger Horseshoe Falls, of which two-thirds is in Ontario, Canada and one-third in the U.S. state of New York, the American Falls is entirely within the United States. The falls receive approximately 11% of the flow from Niagara River, with most of the rest going over Horseshoe Falls, from which", "title": "American Falls" }, { "id": "625793", "text": "1906 to enact legislation to preserve the falls by regulating the waters of the Niagara River. The act sought, in cooperation with the Canadian government, to restrict diversion of water, and a treaty resulted in 1909 that limited the total amount of water diverted from the falls by both nations to approximately 56,000 cubic feet (1,600 m) per second. That limitation remained in effect until 1950. Erosion control efforts have always been of extreme importance. Underwater weirs redirect the most damaging currents, and the top of the falls has also been strengthened. In June 1969, the Niagara River was completely", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "820334", "text": "Horseshoe Falls Horseshoe Falls, also known as Canadian Falls, is the largest of the three waterfalls that collectively form Niagara Falls on the Niagara River along the Canada–United States border. Approximately 90% of the Niagara River, after diversions for hydropower generation, flows over Horseshoe Falls. The remaining 10% flows over American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls. It is located between Terrapin Point on Goat Island in the US state of New York, and Table Rock in the Canadian province of Ontario. When the boundary line between the United States and Canada was determined in 1819, based on the Treaty of", "title": "Horseshoe Falls" }, { "id": "625784", "text": "the Niagara River from interfering with power production or causing flooding of shoreline property. One of their joint efforts is an ice boom, which prevents the buildup of ice, yet allows water to continue flowing downstream. In addition to minimum water volume, the crest of the Horseshoe falls was reduced to maintain an uninterrupted \"curtain of water.\" The most powerful hydroelectric stations on the Niagara River are the Sir Adam Beck 1 and 2 on the Canadian side and the Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant and the Lewiston Pump Generating Plant on the American side. Together, Niagara's generating stations can", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "625786", "text": "the Welland Canal, which was improved and incorporated into the Saint Lawrence Seaway in the mid-1950s. While the seaway diverted water traffic from nearby Buffalo and led to the demise of its steel and grain mills, other industries in the Niagara River valley flourished with the help of the electric power produced by the river. However, since the 1970s the region has declined economically. The cities of Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, and Niagara Falls, New York, United States, are connected by two international bridges. The Rainbow Bridge, just downriver from the falls, affords the closest view of the falls and", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "2846979", "text": "Niagara Falls State Park Niagara Falls State Park is a state park in the City of Niagara Falls in Niagara County, New York, United States. The park, recognized as the oldest state park in the United States, contains the American Falls, the Bridal Veil Falls, and a portion of the Horseshoe Falls (also known as the Canadian Falls). Prior to being protected, the lands surrounding Niagara Falls on both sides of the river were largely controlled by private interests, and public access to the falls was limited. Landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, an early champion of the Falls' surroundings, began", "title": "Niagara Falls State Park" }, { "id": "1888686", "text": "the Niagara River, just across the river from Canada. The Niagara River intersects the Niagara Escarpment between Lewiston and Queenston, Ontario, identifying the escarpment's Lewiston-Queenston section as the geologic origin of Niagara Falls. Over a roughly 12,500 year span, the falls has eroded nearly 7 miles south from Lewiston to its present location in Niagara Falls, NY, creating the 7 mile long Niagara Gorge. Lewiston lies halfway between the world-famous Niagara Falls and historic Fort Niagara in Youngstown, New York. Niagara Falls is about a ten-minute drive to the south. Visitors from Canada can take the Lewiston-Queenston Bridge across the", "title": "Lewiston (village), New York" }, { "id": "2884327", "text": "point in North America that remained south of the continental ice sheets. The Great Lakes are the result of glacial scour and pooling of meltwater at the rim of the receding ice. When the enormous mass of the continental ice sheet retreated, the Great Lakes began gradually moving south due to isostatic rebound of the north shore. Niagara Falls is also a product of the glaciation, as is the course of the Ohio River, which largely supplanted the prior Teays River. With the assistance of several very broad glacial lakes, it released floods through the gorge of the Upper Mississippi", "title": "Last Glacial Period" }, { "id": "625755", "text": "Niagara Falls Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls that straddle the international border between the Canadian province of Ontario and the US state of New York. They form the southern end of the Niagara Gorge. From largest to smallest, the three waterfalls are the Horseshoe Falls, the American Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls. The Horseshoe Falls lies on the border of the United States and Canada with the American Falls entirely on the United States' side, separated by Goat Island. The smaller Bridal Veil Falls are also on the United States' side, separated from the American", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "1523336", "text": "Niagara Falls, Ontario Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is on the western bank of the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, with a population of 88,071 at the 2016 census. The municipality was incorporated on 12 June 1903. Across the Niagara River is Niagara Falls, New York. The Niagara River flows over Niagara Falls at this location, creating a natural spectacle which attracts millions of tourists each year. This area, which stretches along the Niagara Parkway and tourist promenade, is particularly concentrated at the brink of the falls. Apart from the river's", "title": "Niagara Falls, Ontario" }, { "id": "1488182", "text": "Niagara Escarpment The Niagara Escarpment is a long escarpment, or cuesta, in the United States and Canada that runs predominantly east/west from New York, through Ontario, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Illinois. The escarpment is most famous as the cliff over which the Niagara River plunges at Niagara Falls, for which it is named. The Escarpment is a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve. It has the oldest forest ecosystem and trees in eastern North America. The Escarpment is composed of the Lockport geological formation of Silurian age, and is similar to the Onondaga geological formation, which runs parallel to it and just to", "title": "Niagara Escarpment" }, { "id": "625746", "text": "According to George R. Stewart, it comes from the name of an Iroquois town called \"Ongniaahra\", meaning \"point of land cut in two\". The river, which is occasionally described as a strait, is about long and includes Niagara Falls in its course. The falls have moved approximately upstream from the Niagara Escarpment in the last 12,000 years, resulting in a gorge below the falls. Today, the diversion of the river for electrical generation has significantly reduced the rate of erosion. Power plants on the river include the Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Power Stations on the Canadian side, and the Robert", "title": "Niagara River" }, { "id": "625763", "text": "sea, their differences of character deriving from changing conditions within that sea. About 10,900 years ago, the Niagara Falls was between present-day Queenston, Ontario, and Lewiston, New York, but erosion of their crest has caused the waterfalls to retreat approximately southward. The Horseshoe Falls, which are about wide, have also changed their shape through the process of erosion; evolving from a small arch to a horseshoe bend, to the present day gigantic V. Just upstream from the falls' current location, Goat Island splits the course of the Niagara River, resulting in the separation of the mostly Canadian Horseshoe Falls to", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "625754", "text": "located on the upper river upriver from the falls: United States Coast Guard Fort Niagara Station was once a United States Army post. There are no Canadian Coast Guard posts along the river. Fort Mississauga, Fort George and Fort Erie are former British and Canadian military forts (last used 1953, 1965 and 1923 respectively) and are now parks. On the Canadian side the Niagara Parkway travels along the River from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie. Niagara River The Niagara River ( ) is a river that flows north from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. It forms part of the border", "title": "Niagara River" }, { "id": "625821", "text": "the Niagara Whirlpool on the Canadian side. The Journey Behind the Falls consists of an observation platform and series of tunnels near the bottom of the Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side. There are two casinos on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls, the Niagara Fallsview Casino Resort and Casino Niagara. Niagara Falls Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls that straddle the international border between the Canadian province of Ontario and the US state of New York. They form the southern end of the Niagara Gorge. From largest to smallest, the three waterfalls are the Horseshoe Falls,", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "625775", "text": "were eliminated, including on the Canadian side. According to author Ginger Strand, the Horseshoe Falls is now entirely in Canada. Other sources say \"most of\" Horseshoe Falls is in Canada. The only recorded freeze-up of the river and falls was due to an ice jam on March 29, 1848. Although the falls commonly ice up most winters, the river and the falls do not freeze completely. The years 1885, 1902, 1906, 1911, 1932, 1936, 2014 and 2017 are noted for the falls icing up. In 1912, much of the water coming over the American Falls froze, though a trickle still", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "625782", "text": "can operate as pumps to transport water from the lower bay back up to the plant's reservoir, allowing this water to be used again during the daytime when electricity use peaks. During peak electrical demand, the same Lewiston pumps are reversed and actually become generators, similar to those at the Moses plant. To preserve Niagara Falls' natural beauty, a 1950 treaty signed by the U.S. and Canada limited water usage by the power plants. The treaty allows higher summertime diversion at night when tourists are fewer and during the winter months when there are even fewer tourists. This treaty, designed", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "1170045", "text": "the city has an area of , of that, of it is land and of it (16.37%) is water. The city is built along the Niagara Falls and the Niagara Gorge, which is next to the Niagara River. Niagara Falls experiences cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. Precipitation is moderate and consistent in all seasons, falling equally or more as snow during the winter. The city has snowier than average winters compared to most cities in the USA, however less than many other cities in Upstate New York including nearby Buffalo and Rochester. Thaw cycles with temperatures above 0", "title": "Niagara Falls, New York" }, { "id": "625747", "text": "Moses Niagara Power Plant (built in 1961) on the American side. Together, they generate 4.4 gigawatts of electricity. The International Control Works, built in 1954, regulates the river flow. Ships on the Great Lakes use the Welland Canal, part of the Saint Lawrence Seaway, on the Canadian side of the river, to bypass Niagara Falls. The total drop in elevation along the river is . The Niagara Gorge extends downstream from the Falls and includes the Niagara Whirlpool and another section of rapids. The Niagara River also features two large islands and numerous smaller islands. Grand Island and Navy Island,", "title": "Niagara River" }, { "id": "13546089", "text": "La Chute River The La Chute River is a short, fast-moving river, near the Vermont-New York State border, now almost wholly contained within the municipality of Ticonderoga, New York, connecting the northern end and outlet of the long Lake George and the southern end of Lake Champlain through many falls and rapids, while dropping about 230 feet (70 m) in its 3½-mile (6 km) course. By comparison, Niagara Falls has a smaller drop distance of 167 ft (52 m). Part of the Lake Champlain Valley and the St. Lawrence River drainage basin, ultimately its waters flow out of Lake Champlain", "title": "La Chute River" }, { "id": "13923730", "text": "Grand Falls, Arizona Grand Falls is a natural waterfall system located 30 miles (48.3 kilometers) northeast of Flagstaff, Arizona in the Painted Desert on the Navajo Nation. At tall, it is taller than Niagara Falls. It dumps snow melt or monsoon rain into the Little Colorado River below. It is known for its extremely muddy flow, which is a major contributor to Little Colorado River opacity. Heavy rains or snow melt will produce spectacular viewing, photography and sound whereas the scarcity of water will produce only trickles or no flow at all. Grand Falls was formed when lava from nearby", "title": "Grand Falls, Arizona" }, { "id": "5486971", "text": "weaker glassy lava that has been more heavily eroded. Cascading from the 590,000 year old Canyon Rhyolite lava flow, Lower Yellowstone Falls is the largest volume waterfall in the Rocky Mountains of the United States. These falls () are high, or nearly twice as high as Niagara Falls. The volume of water flowing over Lower Yellowstone Falls can vary from in the autumn, to at peak runoff in late springtime. The flow rate of Lower Yellowstone Falls is much less than that of Niagara Falls, as the Yellowstone River is only at the point at which it goes over the", "title": "Yellowstone Falls" }, { "id": "625773", "text": "Engineers created a dam on the American Falls in June 1969 to clear rock from the base of the falls. Rock slides caused a significant buildup of rock at the bottom of the American side of the falls, and the engineers were to clean up the rock and repair some faults to prevent eventual erosion of the American side of the waterfall. A temporary dam was built to divert the flow of water to the Canadian side; the dam measured across and was made of nearly 30,000 tons of rock. The engineers cleared the rock debris and tested for safety,", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "1170034", "text": "Niagara Falls, New York Niagara Falls ( ) is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 50,193, down from the 55,593 recorded in the 2000 census. It is adjacent to the Niagara River, across from the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario, and named after the famed Niagara Falls which they share. The city is within the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Western New York region. While the city was formerly occupied by Native Americans, Europeans who migrated to the Niagara Falls in the mid-17th", "title": "Niagara Falls, New York" }, { "id": "1523357", "text": "Officially, Niagara Falls is part of the Toronto television market, even though it is directly across the Niagara River from its American twin city, which is part of the Buffalo market. Niagara Falls, Ontario Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is on the western bank of the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, with a population of 88,071 at the 2016 census. The municipality was incorporated on 12 June 1903. Across the Niagara River is Niagara Falls, New York. The Niagara River flows over Niagara Falls at this location, creating a natural spectacle", "title": "Niagara Falls, Ontario" }, { "id": "625783", "text": "to ensure an \"unbroken curtain of water\" flowing over the falls, states that during daylight time during the tourist season (April 1 to October 31) there must be 100,000 cubic feet per second (2,800 m/s) of water flowing over the falls, and during the night and off-tourist season there must be 50,000 cubic feet per second (1,400 m/s) of water flowing over the falls. This treaty is monitored by the International Niagara Board of Control, using a NOAA gauging station above the falls. During winter, the Power Authority of New York works with Ontario Power Generation to prevent ice on", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "625764", "text": "the west from the American and Bridal Veil Falls to the east. Engineering has slowed erosion and recession. The current rate of erosion is approximately 30 centimeters (1 ft) per year, down from a historical average of 0.91 m (3 ft) per year. According to the timeline of the far future, in roughly 50,000 years Niagara Falls will have eroded the remaining to Lake Erie and cease to exist. Theories differ as to the origin of the name of the falls. According to Iroquoian scholar Bruce Trigger, \"Niagara\" is derived from the name given to a branch of the local", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "10882139", "text": "Huron. The lip of what was once Mackinac Falls today lies under 110 feet (33 m) of water. The base of the waterfall formation lies approximately 210 feet (63 m) down. The waterfall was discovered on August 16, 2007 by the Great Lakes research vessel \"Pride of Michigan\" as it took careful soundings of the lakebed east of Mackinac Island. Under current geological conditions, the waters of four North American Great Lakes drain through Niagara Falls, which is 167 feet (51 m) tall. By contrast, Mackinac Falls drained one Great Lake and was 100 feet (30 m) tall. Further research", "title": "Mackinac Falls" }, { "id": "820336", "text": "the future. The official national maps for both Canada and the United States indicate that a small portion of the Horseshoe Falls is located within the United States. Horseshoe Falls Horseshoe Falls, also known as Canadian Falls, is the largest of the three waterfalls that collectively form Niagara Falls on the Niagara River along the Canada–United States border. Approximately 90% of the Niagara River, after diversions for hydropower generation, flows over Horseshoe Falls. The remaining 10% flows over American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls. It is located between Terrapin Point on Goat Island in the US state of New York,", "title": "Horseshoe Falls" }, { "id": "3222395", "text": "Rainbow Bridge (Niagara Falls) The Niagara Falls International Rainbow Bridge, commonly known as the Rainbow Bridge, is an arch bridge across the Niagara River gorge, and is a world-famous tourist site. It connects the cities of Niagara Falls, New York, United States (to the east), and Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada (west). The Rainbow Bridge was built near the site of the earlier Honeymoon Bridge, which collapsed on January 27, 1938, due to an ice jam in the river. A joint Canadian and American commission had been considering a new bridge to replace it, and the collapse added urgency to the", "title": "Rainbow Bridge (Niagara Falls)" }, { "id": "19607585", "text": "International Control Dam The International Control Dam, also known as the International Control Structure, operated by Ontario Power Generation, is a weir that controls the water diversions from the Niagara River and dispatches the water between the New York Power Authority and Ontario Power Generation in accordance with the terms of the 1950 Niagara Treaty. It was completed in 1954. To preserve Niagara Falls' natural beauty and to ensure an \"unbroken curtain of water\" is flowing over the falls, the 1950 treaty was signed by the U.S. and Canada to limit water usage by power plants. The treaty allows higher", "title": "International Control Dam" }, { "id": "625780", "text": "disaster struck when the region's largest hydropower station was partially destroyed in a landslide. This drastically reduced power production and put tens of thousands of manufacturing jobs at stake. In 1957, Congress passed the Niagara Redevelopment Act, which granted the New York Power Authority the right to fully develop the United States' share of the Niagara River's hydroelectric potential. In 1961, when the Niagara Falls hydroelectric project went online, it was the largest hydropower facility in the Western world. Today, Niagara is still the largest electricity producer in New York state, with a generating capacity of 2.4 gigawatts (million kilowatts).", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "9689965", "text": "Geography of New York (state) The geography of New York state varies widely. Most of New York is dominated by farms, forests, rivers, mountains, and lakes. New York's Adirondack Park is larger than any U.S. National Park in the contiguous United States. Niagara Falls, on the Niagara River as it flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, is a popular attraction. The Hudson River begins near Lake Tear of the Clouds and flows south through the eastern part of the state without draining lakes George or Champlain. Lake George empties at its north end into Lake Champlain, whose northern end", "title": "Geography of New York (state)" }, { "id": "239823", "text": "western, southern, and eastern shores. These jurisdictions divide the surface area of the lake with water boundaries. The lake was named by the Erie people, a Native American people who lived along its southern shore. The tribal name \"erie\" is a shortened form of the Iroquoian word \"erielhonan\", meaning \"long tail\". Situated below Lake Huron, Erie's primary inlet is the Detroit River. The main natural outflow from the lake is via the Niagara River, which provides hydroelectric power to Canada and the U.S. as it spins huge turbines near Niagara Falls at Lewiston, New York and Queenston, Ontario. Some outflow", "title": "Lake Erie" }, { "id": "625762", "text": "about two-thirds of the cliff, lay the weaker, softer, sloping Rochester Formation (Lower Silurian). This formation was composed mainly of shale, though it has some thin limestone layers. It also contains ancient fossils. In time, the river eroded the soft layer that supported the hard layers, undercutting the hard caprock, which gave way in great chunks. This process repeated countless times, eventually carving out the falls. Submerged in the river in the lower valley, hidden from view, is the Queenston Formation (Upper Ordovician), which is composed of shales and fine sandstones. All three formations were laid down in an ancient", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "1898044", "text": "Niagara, Wisconsin Niagara is a city in Marinette County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,624 at the 2010 census. The city lies to the north of and adjacent to the Town of Niagara. It is part of the Marinette, WI–MI Micropolitan Statistical Area. The city of Niagara was founded in 1900 on the banks of the Menominee River. Niagara is an Iroquois word that means \"thundering waters\", which is also used in the famous Niagara Falls, between New York and the Canadian province of Ontario. Niagara is located at (45.778244, -88.003867). According to the United States Census Bureau, the", "title": "Niagara, Wisconsin" }, { "id": "19607587", "text": "river to be diverted into the intakes for the American and Canadian power stations. Two tunnels on the American side take water under the city of Niagara Falls, New York and three tunnels on the Canadian side divert water under the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario. Once past these cities, the water flows into two canals and then into two large reservoirs. Behind the Canadian Sir Adam Beck powerplant is a reservoir covering 300 hectares (750 acres) and a similar reservoir on the US side behind the Robert Moses Station. A trade off exists between the two main industries of", "title": "International Control Dam" }, { "id": "7877855", "text": "the appearance of the falls. During the following day, when electrical demand is high, water is released from the upper reservoir through the pump-generators in the Lewiston Dam. The water then flows into the forebay, where it falls through the turbines of the Moses plant. Some would say that the water is \"used twice\". This arrangement is a variant of what is called pumped-storage hydroelectricity. Engineers copied what had been built by Ontario Hydro, across the river, when a similar system was built during construction of the Sir Adam Beck generating station II in the 1950s. This system allows energy", "title": "Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant" }, { "id": "760796", "text": "in height but not in breadth. The pools excavated by the plunging waters at the head of the gorges are now occupied by little lakes. The most significant stage in this series of changes occurred when the glacio-marginal lake waters were lowered so that the long escarpment of Niagara limestone was laid bare in western New York. The previously confluent waters were then divided into two lakes. The higher one, Lake Erie, supplied the outflowing Niagara River, which poured its waters down the escarpment to the lower, Lake Ontario. This gave rise to Niagara Falls. Lake Ontario's outlet for a", "title": "Prairie" }, { "id": "625794", "text": "diverted from the American Falls for several months through construction of a temporary rock and earth dam (clearly visible in the photo at right). During this time, two bodies were removed from under the falls, including a man who had been seen jumping over the falls, and the body of a woman, which was discovered once the falls dried. While the Horseshoe Falls absorbed the extra flow, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers studied the riverbed and mechanically bolted and strengthened any faults they found; faults that would, if left untreated, have hastened the retreat of the American Falls. A", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "15433608", "text": "Plant number two, which was one 100 ft. by 176 ft. in dimensions, generated an average of 34,000 continuous horsepower. The entire fall of the water in the canal from the forebay to the tailrace is 210 ft. The power canal, which taps the river at a point above Port Day, and runs throughout the city to a point below the Upper Steel Arch Bridge, furnished a steady supply of water year round. Just below Port Day is the beginning of the rapids, with a fall of more than 50 ft. in three quarters of a mile. By cutting across", "title": "Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and Manufacturing Company" }, { "id": "1170050", "text": "have been mobilized to stop violence in the city and promote positive community involvement in the troubled areas of the city. Niagara Falls' main industry is tourism. Almost ten million people visit the city and falls each year, and the waterfall is considered one of the United States' top ten tourist destinations. However, the city struggles to compete with Niagara Falls, Ontario, which has a much more vibrant tourism industry and stronger economy. The city's economy was originally based around the power generated by Niagara Falls' rushing water. This cheap and abundant source of power was the driving force behind", "title": "Niagara Falls, New York" }, { "id": "625749", "text": "lock, where a short section of the canal allows boats to avoid the turbulent shoal water at the river intake and enter Lake Erie. The Welland Canals used the Welland River as a connection to the Niagara River south of the falls, allowing water traffic to safely re-enter the Niagara River and proceed to Lake Erie. The Niagara River and Falls have been known outside of North America since the late 17th century, when Father Louis Hennepin, a French explorer, first witnessed them. He wrote about his travels in \"A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America\" (1698). The", "title": "Niagara River" }, { "id": "625752", "text": "waterway in North America harnessed for large-scale generation of hydroelectricity. On the Canadian side of the river the provincial agency Niagara Parks Commission maintains all of the shoreline property, including Fort Erie, except the sites of Fort George (a National Historic Site maintained federally by Parks Canada), as a public greenspace and environmental heritage. On the American side, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation maintains several state parks that are adjacent to Niagara Falls and the Niagara River. Today, the river is the namesake of Niagara Herald Extraordinary at the Canadian Heraldic Authority. Cities and", "title": "Niagara River" }, { "id": "625761", "text": "followed the rearranged topography across the Niagara Escarpment. In time, the river cut a gorge through the north-facing cliff, or cuesta. Because of the interactions of three major rock formations, the rocky bed did not erode evenly. The top rock formation was composed of erosion-resistant limestone and Lockport dolostone. That hard layer of stone eroded more slowly than the underlying materials. The aerial photo on the right clearly shows the hard caprock, the Lockport Formation (Middle Silurian), which underlies the rapids above the falls, and approximately the upper third of the high gorge wall. Immediately below the hard-rock formation, comprising", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "9287491", "text": "Bushkill Falls Bushkill Falls is a series of eight privately owned waterfalls, the tallest of which cascades over 100 feet (30 m), located in Northeast Pennsylvania's Pocono Mountains in the United States. Beginning at the headwaters of the Little Bushkill Creek, the water descends the mountain, toward the Delaware River, forming Bushkill Falls, Bridal Veil Falls, Bridesmaid Falls, Laurel Glen Falls, Pennell Falls, and three additional, unnamed falls. Bushkill Falls is a popular spot for hiking and birdwatching. The area features a variety of trails and bridges that vary in length and difficulty. Bushkill Falls is nicknamed \"Niagara Falls of", "title": "Bushkill Falls" }, { "id": "625779", "text": "fueled the construction of giant underground conduits leading to turbines generating upwards of , sent as far as Buffalo, away. Some of the original designs for the power transmission plants were created by the Swiss firm Faesch & Piccard, which also constructed the original 5,000 hp waterwheels. Private companies on the Canadian side also began to harness the energy of the falls. The Government of Ontario eventually brought power transmission operations under public control in 1906, distributing Niagara's energy to various parts of the Canadian province. Other hydropower plants were also being built along the Niagara River. But in 1956,", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "7205213", "text": "Falls is roughly . Niagara Falls width is for American Falls and for Horseshoe Falls. Height of Cohoes Falls ranges from on the north side to on the south end. Niagara Falls height is 70 to for American Falls and for Horseshoe Falls. Water flow over Cohoes Falls ranges from zero to 90,000 cubic feet per second. (During Hurricane Irene in August 2011, the flow was estimated to be over 100,000 cubic feet per second with a total river flow of 117,000.) Water flow over Niagara Falls ranges from 5,000 to 21,000 cubic feet per second for American Falls and", "title": "Cohoes Falls" }, { "id": "625777", "text": "the canals that would be used to generate electricity. In 1881, under the leadership of Jacob F. Schoellkopf, the Niagara River's first hydroelectric generating station was built. The water fell and generated direct current electricity, which ran the machinery of local mills and lit up some of the village streets. The Niagara Falls Power Company, a descendant of Schoellkopf's firm, formed the Cataract Company headed by Edward Dean Adams, with the intent of expanding Niagara Falls' power capacity. In 1890, a five-member International Niagara Commission headed by Sir William Thomson among other distinguished scientists deliberated on the expansion of Niagara", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "1159750", "text": "has a total area of , of which is land and , or 15.08%, is water. The Niagara river splits into two parts at the south end of the island and rejoins at the northwest end, about upstream (east) of Niagara Falls. The town lies adjacent to the border between Canada and the United States. As there is no direct bridge or ferry connection from the island to Canada, there are no customs or immigration services available. Paired bridges connect the south end of the island to the town of Tonawanda, and another pair of bridges connects the northern end", "title": "Grand Island, New York" }, { "id": "625795", "text": "plan to remove the huge mound of talus deposited in 1954 was abandoned owing to cost, and in November 1969, the temporary dam was dynamited, restoring flow to the American Falls. Even after these undertakings, Luna Island, the small piece of land between the main waterfall and the Bridal Veil, remained off limits to the public for years owing to fears that it was unstable and could collapse into the gorge. Commercial interests have continued to encroach on the land surrounding the state park, including the construction of several tall buildings (most of them hotels) on the Canadian side. The", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "2804894", "text": "end of the last ice age; many of the swamp lands surrounding Tonawanda Creek also date back to this lake. Downstream of Indian Falls, Tonawanda Creek flows through the Tonawanda Indian Reservation, and there is a NYS historical marker where George Washington made a troop fording across the river. When the Erie Canal was first built, the Tonawanda Creek was the source of water for the western section of the Canal. Tonawanda Creek Tonawanda Creek is a small tributary of the Niagara River in Western New York, United States. After rising in Wyoming County, the stream flows through Genesee County", "title": "Tonawanda Creek" }, { "id": "9238055", "text": "that includes within its borders parts of the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The Hudson River begins near Lake Tear of the Clouds and flows south through the eastern part of the state, without draining Lakes George or Champlain. Lake George empties at its north end into Lake Champlain, whose northern end extends into Canada, where it drains into the Richelieu River and then ultimately the Saint Lawrence River. The western section of the state is drained by the Allegheny River and rivers of the Susquehanna and Delaware River systems. Niagara Falls is shared between New York and Ontario", "title": "New York (state)" }, { "id": "1488183", "text": "the south, through western New York and southern Ontario. The Escarpment is the most prominent of several escarpments formed in the bedrock of the Great Lakes Basin. From its easternmost point near Watertown, New York, the escarpment shapes in part the individual basins and landforms of Lakes Ontario, Huron, and Michigan. In Rochester, New York, three waterfalls over the escarpment are where the Genesee River flows through the city. The escarpment thence runs westward to the Niagara River, forming a deep gorge north of Niagara Falls, which itself cascades over the escarpment. In southern Ontario, it spans the Niagara Peninsula,", "title": "Niagara Escarpment" }, { "id": "6722807", "text": "Niagara Falls Bridge Commission The Niagara Falls Bridge Commission is an international public agency which administers three bridges across the Niagara River connecting the province of Ontario, Canada and the state of New York, United States: the Lewiston–Queenston Bridge, Whirlpool Rapids Bridge and Rainbow Bridge. It is mostly self-supporting from tolls, leases, and commercial concessions. The commission is based in Lewiston, New York and incorporated as a class D New York State public benefit corporation. It is licensed to operate in Ontario under the Extra-Provincial Corporations Act and maintains a post office box address in Niagara Falls, Ontario. The commission", "title": "Niagara Falls Bridge Commission" }, { "id": "19607586", "text": "summertime diversion at night when tourists are fewer and during the winter months when there are even fewer tourists. The treaty states that during daylight time during the tourist season (April 1 to October 31) there must be 100,000 cubic feet per second (2,800 m/s) of water flowing over the falls, and during the night and off-tourist season there must be 50,000 cubic feet per second (1,400 m/s) of water flowing over the falls. This treaty is monitored by the International Niagara Board of Control, using a NOAA gauging station above the falls. This weir allows water from the upper", "title": "International Control Dam" }, { "id": "6722808", "text": "is governed by an eight member Board of Commissioners, four appointed by the Premier of Ontario and four by the Governor of New York. Niagara Falls Bridge Commission The Niagara Falls Bridge Commission is an international public agency which administers three bridges across the Niagara River connecting the province of Ontario, Canada and the state of New York, United States: the Lewiston–Queenston Bridge, Whirlpool Rapids Bridge and Rainbow Bridge. It is mostly self-supporting from tolls, leases, and commercial concessions. The commission is based in Lewiston, New York and incorporated as a class D New York State public benefit corporation. It", "title": "Niagara Falls Bridge Commission" }, { "id": "4137970", "text": "Welland River The Welland River is a river in the Niagara Region of southern Ontario which flows from its headwaters south of Hamilton, Ontario to empty into the Niagara River near the city of Niagara Falls, Ontario. It drains an area of . The river was originally called the Chippawa Creek since it drained into Niagara River at Chippawa. Like many other places in Niagara, it was renamed by John Graves Simcoe, the first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada in 1792. The present name is taken from River Welland in Lincolnshire in eastern England. The river is still occasionally referred", "title": "Welland River" }, { "id": "3601991", "text": "Bay. The reach has a very steep and changing grade. While the hydraulic gradient averages about 4 feet per mile (0.75 m/km), there are very large falls at (using the original French nomenclature) La Grand Kaukilin (Kaukauna), La Petite Chute (Little Chute) and La Grand Chute (Appleton). The total drop of these falls is approximately the same as Niagara Falls, although over a much longer stretch. There are no major tributaries. Thus the river discharge is nearly constant, averaging about at USGS gage 040851385 at Green Bay. The reach served as a highway for Native American peoples and, later, European", "title": "Fox–Wisconsin Waterway" }, { "id": "625778", "text": "hydroelectric capacity based on seventeen proposals, but could not select any as the best combined project for hydraulic development and distribution. In 1893, Westinghouse Electric (which had built the smaller-scale Ames Hydroelectric Generating Plant near Ophir, Colorado, two years earlier) was hired to design a system to generate alternating current on Niagara Falls, and three years after that this large-scale AC power system was created (activated on August 26, 1895). The Adams Power Plant Transformer House remains as a landmark of the original system. By 1896, financing from moguls including J.P. Morgan, John Jacob Astor IV, and the Vanderbilts had", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "7877853", "text": "water in a natural river, but rather to contain a man-made , upper reservoir (named the Lewiston Reservoir) which stores the water before being released into the forebay of the Robert Moses Power Station. Water enters the forebay via tunnels from the Niagara River controlled via the International Control Dam upstream of the natural falls. Water in the forebay is then either pumped up into the upper reservoir or immediately sent down over the escarpment downstream of the natural falls into the Robert Moses Power Station turbines. The Lewiston Pump-Generating Plant houses 12 electrically powered pump-generators that can generate a", "title": "Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant" }, { "id": "625791", "text": "State Park. In the same year, the province of Ontario established the Queen Victoria Niagara Falls Park for the same purpose. On the Canadian side, the Niagara Parks Commission governs land usage along the entire course of the Niagara River, from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. In 1887, Olmsted and Calvert Vaux issued a supplemental report detailing plans to restore the falls. Their intent was \"to restore and conserve the natural surroundings of the Falls of Niagara, rather than to attempt to add anything thereto,\" and the report anticipated fundamental questions. How would preservationists provide access without destroying the beauty", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "625787", "text": "is open to non-commercial vehicle traffic and pedestrians. The Whirlpool Rapids Bridge lies north of the Rainbow Bridge and is the oldest bridge over the Niagara River. Nearby Niagara Falls International Airport and Buffalo Niagara International Airport were named after the waterfall, as were Niagara University, countless local businesses, and even an asteroid. Niagara Falls have long been a source of inspiration for explorers, travelers, artists, authors, filmmakers, residents and visitors, few of whom realize the falls were nearly devoted solely to industrial and commercial use. In the 1870s, sightseers had limited access to Niagara Falls and often had to", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "1587569", "text": "is roughly twice the height of North America's Niagara Falls and well over twice the width of its Horseshoe Falls. In height and width Victoria Falls is rivalled only by Argentina and Brazil's Iguazu Falls. See table for comparisons. For a considerable distance upstream from the falls, the Zambezi flows over a level sheet of basalt, in a shallow valley, bounded by low and distant sandstone hills. The river's course is dotted with numerous tree-covered islands, which increase in number as the river approaches the falls. There are no mountains, escarpments, or deep valleys; only a flat plateau extending hundreds", "title": "Victoria Falls" }, { "id": "1488186", "text": "soft rocks undercuts the resistant caprock, leaving a cliff or escarpment. The erosional process is most readily seen at Niagara Falls, where the river has quickened the process. It can also be seen at the three waterfalls of the Genesee River at Rochester (additional resistant rock layers make more than one escarpment in some places). Also, in some places thick glacial deposits, such as the Oak Ridges Moraine, conceal the Niagara Escarpment, such as north of Georgetown, Ontario, where it actually continues under glacial till and reappears farther north. The dolostone cap was laid down as sediment on the floor", "title": "Niagara Escarpment" }, { "id": "625753", "text": "towns along the Niagara River include: The Niagara River is listed as a Great Lakes Areas of Concern in The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada. The Niagara River has a long history of both road and rail bridges spanning the river, both upstream and downstream of the Falls. This history includes numerous bridges that have fallen victim to the harsh conditions of the Niagara Gorge, such as landslides and icepacks. The following parks are located along the Niagara River: A Niagara River Greenway Plan is in progress in the United States. Several islands are", "title": "Niagara River" }, { "id": "625796", "text": "result is a significant alteration and urbanisation of the landscape. One study indicated it has caused the airflow near the falls to change direction. Students at the University of Guelph demonstrated, using scale models, that as air passes over the top of the new hotels it causes a breeze to roll down the south sides of the buildings and spill into the gorge below the falls, where it feeds into a whirlpool of moisture and air. The inference was that a documented rise in the number of \"mist days\" was a result of these breezes, where mist days refers to", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "1170040", "text": "the planning and construction of one of the largest hydroelectric plants to be built in North America at the time, causing a large influx of workers and families to move to the area. New York City urban planner Robert Moses built the new power plant in nearby Lewiston, New York. Much of the power generated there fuels growing demands for power in downstate New York and New York City. The neighborhood of Love Canal gained national media attention in 1978 when toxic contamination from a chemical waste landfill beneath it forced United States President Jimmy Carter to declare a state", "title": "Niagara Falls, New York" }, { "id": "667092", "text": "Niagara County, New York Niagara County is a county in the U.S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the population was 216,469. The county seat is Lockport. The county name is from the Iroquois word \"Onguiaahra\"; meaning \"the strait\" or \"thunder of waters\". Niagara County is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area, and across the Canada–US border is the province of Ontario. It is the location of Niagara Falls and Fort Niagara, and has many parks and lake shore recreation communities. In the summer of 2008, Niagara County celebrated its 200th birthday with the first town", "title": "Niagara County, New York" }, { "id": "1523343", "text": "In 1886, Burr Plato became one of the first African Canadians to be elected to political office. He held the position as a City Councillor of Niagara Falls until 1901. Niagara Falls is approximately by road from Ontario's capital of Toronto, which is across Lake Ontario to the north. The area of the Niagara Region is approximately . The city is built along the Niagara Falls waterfalls and the Niagara Gorge on the Niagara River, which flows from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. The city of Niagara Falls has a humid continental climate (Köppen \"Dfa/Dfb\") which is moderated to an", "title": "Niagara Falls, Ontario" }, { "id": "15852535", "text": "Niagara Whirlpool The Niagara Whirlpool is a natural whirlpool along the Niagara River located along the Canada–US border between New York and Ontario. The whirlpool is located in the Niagara Gorge, downstream from Niagara Falls. The whirlpool's greatest depth is . It is estimated that the whirlpool formed approximately 4,200 years ago by the upstream erosion of the Niagara Escarpment by the Niagara River. Niagara Falls is located along the boundary of the Niagara Escarpment and has been \"retreating\" upstream since its formation. During this normally slow process, the retreating falls intersected with an ancient pre-glacial river bed inside Saint", "title": "Niagara Whirlpool" }, { "id": "1170064", "text": "North Tonawanda, New York North Tonawanda is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 31,568 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is named after Tonawanda Creek, its south border. Tonawanda in the Seneca tongue means \"Swift Running Water\". Tonawanda Creek, which flows into the Niagara River, once had large stretches of rapids (see Rapids, New York) until it was tamed with the construction of the Erie Canal. The city also calls itself \"The Lumber City,\" due to its past primary industry and once was the", "title": "North Tonawanda, New York" }, { "id": "7489288", "text": "Niagara Scenic Parkway The Niagara Scenic Parkway (known as the Robert Moses State Parkway until 2016) is an long north–south highway in western Niagara County, New York, in the United States. Its southern terminus is at the LaSalle Expressway on the east bank of the Niagara River in Niagara Falls. The northern terminus is at NY 18 at Four Mile Creek State Park in Porter near Lake Ontario. Originally, the parkway was one continuous road; however, due to low usage, a portion of the parkway near Niagara Falls was removed, separating the parkway into two sections. The length of the", "title": "Niagara Scenic Parkway" }, { "id": "625769", "text": "stop; no water (or at best a trickle) fell for as much as 40 hours. Waterwheels stopped, mills and factories shut down for having no power. Later that year, demand for passage over the Niagara River led to the building of a footbridge and then Charles Ellet's Niagara Suspension Bridge. This was supplanted by German-born John Augustus Roebling's Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge in 1855. After the American Civil War, the New York Central Railroad publicized Niagara Falls as a focus of pleasure and honeymoon visits. With increased railroad traffic, in 1886, Leffert Buck replaced Roebling's wood and stone bridge with", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "9689991", "text": "with an average width of , and it lies mostly west of the bounds of the state. It is above Lake Ontario, above sea level, and has an average depth of . The greatest depth ever obtained by soundings is . The harbors upon the lake are Buffalo, Silver Creek, Dunkirk, and Barcelona. The Niagara River, forming the outlet of Lake Erie, is long, and, on average, more than a mile wide. About below Lake Erie the rapids commence; and further below are Niagara Falls. For below the falls the river has a rapid course between perpendicular, rocky banks, high,", "title": "Geography of New York (state)" }, { "id": "625817", "text": "the U.S. side, the American Falls can be viewed from walkways along Prospect Point Park, which also features the Prospect Point Observation Tower and a boat dock for the \"Maid of the Mist\". Goat Island offers more views of the falls and is accessible by foot and automobile traffic by bridge above the American Falls. From Goat Island, the Cave of the Winds is accessible by elevator and leads hikers to a point beneath Bridal Veil Falls. Also on Goat Island are the Three Sisters Islands, the Power Portal where a huge statue of Nikola Tesla (the inventor whose patents", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "586371", "text": "the sixth-greatest average annual flow of any waterfall in the world, following number five Niagara, with an average rate of . Its maximum recorded flow was in 9 June 2014. By comparison, the average flow of Niagara Falls is , with a maximum recorded flow of . The average flow at Victoria Falls is , with a maximum recorded flow of . The Iguazu Falls experience a humid subtropical climate (\"Cfa\", according to the Köppen climate classification) with abundant precipitation and high temperatures year-round. During the summer of 2006, a severe drought caused the Iguazu River to become diminished, reducing", "title": "Iguazu Falls" }, { "id": "1170028", "text": "Niagara, New York Niagara is a town in Niagara County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 8,378. The town is named after the famous waterfall Niagara Falls. The Town of Niagara is the neighbor to the City of Niagara Falls, which is next to the famed Niagara Falls. The town is located in the southwest corner of the county. Also located within the town is Niagara Falls International Airport, which serves the Niagara County area. It is served by the LaSalle Post Office on Niagara Falls Boulevard (U.S. Route 62)", "title": "Niagara, New York" }, { "id": "13882594", "text": "Nigretta Falls The Nigretta Falls, previously known as the Upper Wannon Falls, are waterfalls located in the Southern Grampians Shire, approximately west of Hamilton, Victoria, Australia. The falls are fed by the Wannon River that has its head waters in the Grampians mountains. The falls tumble over many rocky outcrops creating several streams of falling water and then drop into a large pool at the base before continuing its journey to the Wannon Falls some downstream. In contrast to the single plunge of the Wannon Falls, Nigretta is a more interesting, multi-channel segmented cascade of smaller drops and bounces guided", "title": "Nigretta Falls" }, { "id": "3051285", "text": "drained into Lake Ontario by a series of falls over the escarpment, including one at present day Lockport, New York. The lake evaporated when the waters of Lake Erie dropped below the level of the feeder streams to the lake. Subsequently Lake Erie drained over the escarpment entirely through Niagara Falls, which marks roughly the western terminus of the former lake bed. The remains of the previous falls, which rivaled Niagara Falls in grandeur, can be seen along the escarpment. The sinking of homes in the lakebed has been an ongoing problem in communities such as Amherst, New York. Lake", "title": "Lake Tonawanda" }, { "id": "625819", "text": "A casino and luxury hotel was opened in Niagara Falls, New York, by the Seneca Indian tribe. The Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel occupies the former Niagara Falls Convention Center. The new hotel is the first addition to the city's skyline since completion of the United Office Building in the 1920s. On the Canadian side, Queen Victoria Park features manicured gardens, platforms offering views of both the American and Horseshoe Falls, and underground walkways leading into observation rooms that yield the illusion of being within the falling waters. The observation deck of the nearby Skylon Tower offers the highest view", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "625811", "text": "the falls. The falls was a featured location in the 1980 movie \"Superman II\", and was itself the subject of a popular IMAX movie, \"\". Much of the episode \"Return of the Technodrome\" in the 1987 \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" cartoon series takes place near the Niagara Falls and its hydroelectric plant. Illusionist David Copperfield performed a trick in which he appeared to travel over the Horseshoe Falls in 1990. The falls, or more particularly, the tourist-supported complex near the falls, was the setting of the short-lived Canadian-shot US television show \"Wonderfalls\" in early 2004. Location footage of the falls", "title": "Niagara Falls" }, { "id": "4302380", "text": "out of the bedrock here. This deep gorge was formed towards the end of the last ice age, about 15,000 years ago, by an enormous river of water. The river originated in the melting, retreating ice sheet, and it flowed east through this channel on its way to the sea. The Niagara River gorge lying below Niagara Falls is an active example of this type of gorge formation; its depth is about , which is somewhat shallower than that at Green Lakes. There are several other similar gorges in the same region as Green Lakes State Park, in particular at", "title": "Green Lakes State Park" }, { "id": "816546", "text": "can view the falls from the bank of the river, as well as on Goat Island and Luna Island, which are accessible by a pedestrian bridge that crosses the rapids of the Niagara River upstream from the falls. The falls are viewable head-on from the Canadian side in Niagara Falls, Ontario. The ledge of the American Falls is shaped in a modified \"W\" form, caused by numerous rock falls over the past 150 years which have resulted in the huge mound of rock at its base. The most notable recent rockfall occurred in 1954 with the collapse of Prospect Point", "title": "American Falls" }, { "id": "3671637", "text": "Ogoki River The Ogoki River is a river in the Thunder Bay and Cochrane Districts of Ontario. The river flows northeast from lakes west of Lake Nipigon to Ogoki, where it joins the Albany River which empties into James Bay. The river is long. In 1943, the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, now the Ontario Power Generation, diverted a large part of the upper Ogoki to flow into Lake Nipigon and so to the Great Lakes. This diversion was intended to increase water flow at a hydroelectric plant at Niagara Falls, downstream of Lake Erie. The Ogoki flows through Wabakimi", "title": "Ogoki River" } ]

[ "Chip" ]

[ { "id": "18553291", "text": "were revealed to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively, and Watson confirmed their casting the following day through tweets. The rest of the principal cast, including Josh Gad, Emma Thompson, Kevin Kline, Audra McDonald, Ian McKellen, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ewan McGregor and Stanley Tucci were announced between March and April to play LeFou, Mrs. Potts, Maurice, Madame de Garderobe, Cogsworth, Plumette, Lumière and Cadenza, respectively. Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle on Broadway, commented on the casting of Watson as \"perfect\". Paige O'Hara, who voiced Belle in the original animated film and its sequels, offered", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18553276", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films. The film is a live-action reimagining of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's 18th-century fairy tale. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "19955601", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice. The soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on March 10, 2017. The songs feature vocal performances by the film's ensemble cast including Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor,", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)" }, { "id": "8426534", "text": "how he loves Belle and asks her to marry him.(\"Belle\"/\"Gaston\"). Belle politely refuses. Soon though, \"under a series of mysterious circumstances\", Belle finds herself inside the Beast's enchanted castle. She is confronted by the magical castle inhabitants, Cogsworth the clock, Lumiere the candelabra, Mrs. Potts the teapot, and her son, Chip the teacup. Cogsworth thinks that they made a mistake by allowing Belle inside, but the others believe she could be the one to break the curse. So they throw her a feast and, simultaneously invite her to \"Be Our Guest\". The Beast abruptly ends the celebration and expresses his", "title": "Beauty and the Beast Live on Stage" }, { "id": "20084381", "text": "Days in the Sun \"Days in the Sun\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \"Days in the Sun\" is one of four songs added to the 2017 film. It was released on March 10, 2017, as", "title": "Days in the Sun" }, { "id": "18553278", "text": "original animated film, as well as elements from the Broadway musical, visual style, production values, and score, though it received criticism for some of the character designs and its excessive similarity to the original. The film grossed over $1.2 billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing live-action musical film, and making it the second-highest-grossing film of 2017, the tenth-highest-ever-grossing film in North America and the 14th-highest-grossing film of all time. The film received four nominations at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards and two nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards. It also received Academy Award nominations for Best Production Design and", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18553277", "text": "McKellen, and Emma Thompson in supporting roles. Principal photography began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England on May 18, 2015, and ended on August 21. With an estimated budget of around $255 million, it is one of the most expensive films ever made. \"Beauty and the Beast\" premiered at Spencer House in London on February 23, 2017, and was released in the United States in standard, Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D formats, along with Dolby Cinema on March 17, 2017. The film received generally favorable reviews, with many praising the performances and its faithfulness to the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "20071633", "text": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) \"Evermore\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the titular Beast, \"Evermore\" was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version became available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's cover is played during", "title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)" }, { "id": "18553307", "text": "shot of passing $1 billion worldwide from theatrical earnings. On April 12, it passed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the first film of 2017, the fourteenth Disney film, and the twenty-ninth film overall to pass the mark. It became the first film since \"Rogue One\" (also a Disney property) in December 2016 to make over a billion dollars, and did so on its 29th day of release. It is currently the second-highest-grossing film of 2017 (behind \"\"), the highest-grossing March release, the highest-grossing remake of all time, and the sixth-biggest Disney film. Even after inflation adjusted, it is still ahead", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "9220097", "text": "Tiny Tim in the Ford's Theatre production of \"A Christmas Carol\" in Washington, DC. He subsequently performed in numerous operas over two seasons at The Kennedy Center. After appearing in his second season at Ford's Theater, he was invited to audition for Disney and was selected to play the part of Chip in the tour of Beauty and the Beast. Hodges portrayed the role of the loveable teacup \"Chip\", the son of \"Mrs. Potts\", for seven months in the National Tour of Beauty and the Beast in 2003. He was invited to play the same part on Broadway in New", "title": "Henry Hodges" }, { "id": "19955602", "text": "Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Nathan Mack, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson. The album debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 chart with 57,000 units, 48,000 of which are traditional album sales. It has sold 337,000 copies in the United States as of July 2017. Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)" }, { "id": "5282222", "text": "into a clock, Babette, a maid turned into a feather duster that still seems to retain her flirtatious tendencies, Mrs. Potts, the head of the kitchen turned into a teapot, and Chip, her son turned into a teacup. They welcome him, but the horrid Beast arrives and locks Maurice away in the dungeon for trespassing. Back in town, Gaston proposes to Belle, which she politely rejects (\"Me\"). Appalled by Gaston's forwardness, Belle once again voices her need for a life outside this provincial life (\"Belle (Reprise)\"). Gaston's sidekick, LeFou, returns from the woods wearing the scarf Belle knitted for Maurice.", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "6915921", "text": "to a hotel in Fishkill, New York near Ashman's residence to accommodate the ailing lyricist. Out of all the songs he has written for \"Beauty and the Beast\", Menken devoted the most time to the title song. The track was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury, who voices the character Mrs. Potts, an enchanted teapot. The songwriters first introduced \"Beauty and the Beast\" to Lansbury as a demo recording, which was accompanied by a note asking her if she might possibly be interested in singing it. Although a seasoned film and stage performer who had previously done her own", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "18553301", "text": "in 3D on March 17, 2017. The first official presentation of the film took place at Disney's three-day D23 Expo in August 2015. The world premiere of \"Beauty and the Beast\" took place at Spencer House in London, England on February 23, 2017; and the film later premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California, on March 2, 2017. The stream was broadcast onto YouTube. A sing along version of the film released in over 1,200 US theaters nationwide on April 7, 2017. The United Kingdom received the same version on April 21, 2017. The film was re-released in", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "17628849", "text": "to Disney Consumer Products' Disney Princess franchise. \"Beauty and the Beast\" is the original film of the franchise. It was directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and released in 1991. \"Beauty and the Beast\" is the 30th Disney animated feature film and belongs to an era known as the Disney Renaissance. The plot of the film is based on the fairy tale \"Beauty and the Beast\" by Jeanne-Marie Le Prince de Beaumont. \"\" is the first direct-to-video installment of the film series and served as a holiday special. It was directed", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise)" }, { "id": "6915926", "text": "teapot, midway through the film as she explains the feeling of love to her young teacup son Chip, referring to the emotion as \"a tale as old as time\". According to Armen Karaoghlanian of Interiors, \"Belle familiarizes the Beast with the waltz and as soon he feels comfortable, he gracefully moves her across the floor\". Afterwards, the song continues to play instrumentally as Belle and the Beast retire to the balcony for a romantic candlelit dinner. Believed to be the \"centerpiece that brings Beauty and her Beast together,\" the sequence offers an insight into both characters' psyches. From the Beast's", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "18553300", "text": "Grande and Legend's updated version of the title song is faithful to the original, Grammy-winning duet, performed by Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson for the 1991 Disney film. Disney debuted the music video for Ariana Grande and John Legend's interpretation of the title song on Freeform television network on March 5, 2017, and it has since been viewed over 100 million views on the Vevo video-hosting service. Emma Thompson also performed a rendition of the title song, which was performed by Angela Lansbury in the original 1991 animated film. On March 16, 2015, Disney announced the film would be released", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "20084394", "text": "as \"uninspired and hard to recall after the fact\". Days in the Sun \"Days in the Sun\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \"Days in the Sun\" is one of four songs added to the 2017", "title": "Days in the Sun" }, { "id": "1208691", "text": "the Menken/Rice songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a \"straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical\". In September 2014, it was announced that Stephen Chbosky (\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\") would re-write the script. In January 2015, Emma Watson announced on her Facebook page that she would portray Belle in the new live action remake film. In March 2015, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively. The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Stanley", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "18553317", "text": "is the third-smallest drop for any film opening above $125 million (behind \"Finding Dory\" and \"The Force Awakens\"). The hold was notable considering how the film was able to fend off three new wide releases: \"Power Rangers\", \"Life\", and \"CHiPs\". As a result, it passed the $300 million threshold becoming the first film of 2017 the pass said mark. The film grossed $45.4 million in its third weekend, finally being overtaken for the top spot by newcomer \"The Boss Baby\" ($50.2 million). On April 4, 2017, its nineteenth day of release, it passed the $400 million threshold becoming the first", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "1436659", "text": "a film adaptation of the novel \"Mrs 'Arris Goes to Paris\", which was directed by her son and executive produced by her stepson. Her highest profile cinematic role since \"The Manchurian Candidate\" was as the voice of the singing teapot Mrs. Potts in the 1991 Disney animation \"Beauty and the Beast\", an appearance that she considered to be a gift to her three grandchildren. Lansbury performed the title song to the film, which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television", "title": "Angela Lansbury" }, { "id": "17628851", "text": "of Friendship\" is a live-action/animated direct-to-video installment of the film series. It was directed by Jimbo Mitchell, and released on August 17, 1999. It is set during the original film, and was released in part to help promote Disney Channel's television series, Sing Me a Story with Belle. On March 17, 2017, Disney released a live-action adaptation of the film, which was directed by Bill Condon. The movie stars Emma Watson as Belle, Dan Stevens as the Beast, Luke Evans as Gaston, Ewan McGregor as Lumière, Ian McKellen as Cogsworth, Emma Thompson as Mrs. Potts, Kevin Kline as Maurice, and", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise)" }, { "id": "18553319", "text": "28, the film had earned over $500 million in ticket sales becoming the first film of 2017 (until it was later surpassed by \"The Last Jedi\"), the third female-fueled film (after \"The Force Awakens\" and \"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\" followed by \"Wonder Woman\" and \"The Last Jedi\") and the eighth overall film in cinematic history to pass the mark. It has already become the biggest March release, dethroning \"The Hunger Games\" (2012), the biggest musical film (both animated and live-action), as well as the biggest film of 2017 (alongside \"The Last Jedi\"). Outside the US and Canada, the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18553323", "text": "million), Russia ($6 million), and Spain ($5.8 million). In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the film recorded the biggest opening ever for a PG-rated film, the biggest Disney live-action opening of all time, the biggest March opening weekend, the biggest opening for a musical (ahead of 2012's \"Les Misérables\"), the number one opening of 2017 to date and the fifth-biggest-ever overall with £19.7 million ($24.5 million) from 639 theatres and almost twice that of \"The Jungle Book\" (£9.9 million). This included the second-biggest Saturday ever (£7.9 million), only behind \"\". It witnessed a decline in its second weekend, earning £12.33", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "1478947", "text": "Best Picture nomination: \"Mary Poppins\" (1964), \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991), \"Up\" (2009), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010). Walt Disney Pictures has produced four films that have grossed over $1 billion at the worldwide box office: \"\" (2006), \"Alice in Wonderland\" (2010), \"\" (2011), and \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017); and has released five animated films that have reached that milestone: \"Toy Story 3\" (2010), \"Frozen\" (2013), \"Zootopia\", \"Finding Dory\" (both 2016), and \"Incredibles 2\" (2018). —Includes theatrical reissue(s). Walt Disney Pictures Walt Disney Pictures, formally known as Buena Vista Pictures, is an American film studio and a subsidiary of", "title": "Walt Disney Pictures" }, { "id": "1208629", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 30th Disney animated feature film and the third released during the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the French fairy tale of the same name by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont who was uncredited in the English version but credited in the French version, and ideas from the 1946 French film of the same name directed by Jean Cocteau. \"Beauty and the Beast\" focuses on the relationship between", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "18553331", "text": "\"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\"). \"Beauty and the Beast\" received generally positive reviews, with praise for its ensemble cast, visuals, production values, musical score, songs, and faithfulness to the original film with a few elements of the Broadway musical version, while the designs of the Beast and the servants' household object forms received mixed reviews. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 71% based on 336 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"With an enchanting cast, beautifully crafted songs, and a painterly eye for detail, \"Beauty and the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18553330", "text": "United Kingdom and Ireland, ahead of all but one \"Harry Potter\" film (\"Deathly Hallows – Part 2\") and all three \"The Lord of the Rings\" movies (which also starred Ian McKellen). It is currently the eighth-biggest grosser with £70.1 million ($90 million), overtaking \"Mamma Mia!\" to become the biggest musical production ever there. The biggest international earning markets following the UK are Japan ($108 million), China ($85.8 million), Brazil ($41.5 million), Korea ($37.5 million), and Australia ($35 million). In Europe alone, the cumulative total is $267 million, which led it to become the second-highest-grossing film in the past year (behind", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "20071673", "text": "ounces of shame.\" 34th Street Magazine contributor Haley Weiss preferred Groban's version to Stevens' original, calling it \"breathtaking and downright lovely to listen to\" while dismissing the film version as \"downright mediocre in comparison.\" Weiss questioned why Disney hadn't cast Groban as the Beast instead of Stevens due to the former's acting and musical theatre background. Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) \"Evermore\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for", "title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)" }, { "id": "6915985", "text": "Disney songs with their vocal gymnastics.\" In 1998, a version of the song, called \"Beauty and the Bees\", was made for the 3D movie \"It's Tough to be a Bug!\"'s queue at Disney's Animal Kingdom and Disney California Adventure Park. The song, written by Bruce Broughton and George Wilkins, was released on the album \"\". * In 2017 D-Metal Stars created a Heavy Metal cover of the song on the album \"Metal Disney\" featuring Mike Vescera and Rudy Sarzo The overall success of \"Beauty and the Beast\" is partially attributed to the song's popularity. Andrew Unterberger of \"Spin\" believes that", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "17511492", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (2014 film) Beauty and the Beast () is a 2014 Franco-German romantic fantasy film based on the traditional fairy tale of the same name by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve. Written by Christophe Gans and Sandra Vo-Anh and directed by Gans, the film stars Léa Seydoux as Belle and Vincent Cassel as the Beast. The film was screened out of competition at the 64th Berlin International Film Festival and was released in France on 12 February 2014 to positive reviews, becoming a box office success. International reviews were more mixed. It was nominated for the People's Choice", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)" }, { "id": "1824920", "text": "Beauty and the Beast Beauty and the Beast () is a fairy tale written by French novelist Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve and published in 1740 in \"La Jeune Américaine et les contes marins\" (\"The Young American and Marine Tales\"). Her lengthy version was abridged, rewritten, and published first by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont in 1756 in \"Magasin des enfants\" (\"Children's Collection\") and by Andrew Lang in the \"Blue Fairy Book\" of his \"Fairy Book\" series in 1889, to produce the version(s) most commonly retold. It was influenced by some earlier stories, such as \"Cupid and Psyche\", \"The Golden Ass\" written", "title": "Beauty and the Beast" }, { "id": "9978609", "text": "its songs have also been influenced by French, classical, pop and Broadway music. Credited to Various Artists, \"Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\" features performances by the film's main cast – Paige O'Hara, Richard White, Jesse Corti, Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and Robby Benson – in order of appearance. Additionally, the album features recording artists Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson, who perform a pop rendition of the film's title and theme song, \"Beauty and the Beast\", which simultaneously serves as the soundtrack's only single. Following a difficult period during where Walt Disney Feature Animation struggled to release successful", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 soundtrack)" }, { "id": "6915914", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song) \"Beauty and the Beast\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for the Disney animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). The film's theme song, the Broadway-inspired ballad was first recorded by British-American actress Angela Lansbury in her role as the voice of the character Mrs. Potts, and essentially describes the relationship between its two main characters Belle and the Beast, specifically how the couple has learned to accept their differences and in turn change each other for the better. Additionally, the song's lyrics imply that the feeling", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "18553313", "text": "biggest outside of summer, save for \"\", not accounting for inflation. It became the forty-third film to debut with over $100 million and the fifteenth film to open above $150 million. Its three-day opening alone surpassed the entire original North American run of the first film ($146 million; before the 3D re-release), instantly becoming the second-biggest film of the year, behind \"Logan\" ($184 million), and also the second-highest-grossing musical, behind \"Grease\"'s $188 million cumulative gross in 1978. Seventy percent of the total ticket sales came from 2D showings signifying that people who don't go to theaters frequently came out in", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18553297", "text": "film as a \"straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical\". Menken returned to score the film's music, which features songs from the original film by him and Howard Ashman, plus new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. Menken said the film would not include songs that were written for the Broadway musical and instead, created four new songs. However, an instrumental version of the song \"Home\", which was written for the musical, is used during the scene where Belle first enters her room in the castle. On January 19, 2017, it was confirmed by both Disney and Céline Dion—singer of the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "5282175", "text": "on Broadway on April 18, 1994, starring Susan Egan and Terrence Mann as the eponymous Belle and Beast, respectively. The musical opened to mixed reviews from theatre critics, but was a massive commercial success and well received by audiences. \"Beauty\" ran on Broadway for 5,461 performances for thirteen years (1994 - 2007), becoming Broadway's tenth longest-running production in history. The musical has grossed more than $1.4 billion worldwide and played in thirteen countries and 115 cities. It has also become a popular choice for junior, amateur & high school productions. Still recovering from Walt Disney's demise, Disney's animated films continued", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "18553309", "text": "the time the film's release was 10 days away, analysts raised projections to as high as $150 million. It earned $16.3 million from Thursday previews night, marking the biggest of 2017 (breaking \"Logan\"'s record), the biggest ever for a Disney live-action film (breaking \"Maleficent\"'s record), the second-biggest ever for both a G- or PG-rated film (behind the sixth \"Harry Potter\" film \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\" which also starred Watson), and the third-biggest ever in the month of March (behind \"\" and \"The Hunger Games\"). An estimated 41% of the gross came from IMAX, 3D and premium large format", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "1208668", "text": "week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Blu-ray Disc sales chart, and debuted at number 3 in the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, behind \"\" and \"\". Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 94% based on reviews from 110 critics, with an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Enchanting, sweepingly romantic, and featuring plenty of wonderful musical numbers, \"Beauty and the Beast\" is one of Disney's most elegant animated offerings.\" The film also holds a 95/100 on Metacritic, which indicates", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "18553287", "text": "featured in the deleted scenes. Previously, Disney had begun work on a film adaptation of the 1994 Broadway musical. However, in a 2011 interview, composer Alan Menken stated the planned film version of the \"Beauty and the Beast\" stage musical \"was canned\". By April 2014, Walt Disney Pictures had already begun developing a new live-action version of \"Beauty and the Beast\" after making other live-action fantasy films such as \"Alice in Wonderland\", \"Maleficent\", \"Cinderella\" and \"The Jungle Book\". In June 2014, Bill Condon was signed to direct the film from a script by Evan Spiliotopoulos. Later in September of that", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "12728138", "text": "The song receives its titles and initial inspiration from French filmmaker Jean Cocteau's 1946 film \"Beauty and the Beast\", one of Stevie Nicks' favorite classic films. Nicks explains the importance of the song to her, both during live performances and in various interviews, as one that encompasses her whole life and represents how everyone is either a beauty or a beast, usually both On its re-release in \"Timespace – The Best of Stevie Nicks\" (1991), she dedicates the song to Vincent and Catherine, of the late 80's television show, \"Beauty and the Beast.\" \"Beauty and the Beast\" was recorded during", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Stevie Nicks song)" }, { "id": "6915974", "text": "a Disney song. AXS included \"Beauty and the Beast\" among Dion's \"Top five song lyrics or verses\". \"Beauty and the Beast\" performed considerably well on charts around the world. The song peaked at number nine on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Dion's second top-ten hit on the chart after \"Where Does My Heart Beat Now\". The song peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot Adult Contemporary chart. In Canada, \"Beauty and the Beast\" peaked at number two. Outside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "18553321", "text": "Jungle Book\". In its second weekend, it fell just by 35% earning another $120.6 million and maintaining its first position hold. It added major markets like France and Australia. It topped the international box office for three consecutive weekends before finally being dethroned by \"Ghost in the Shell\" and \"The Boss Baby\" in its fourth weekend. Despite the fall, the film helped Disney push past the $1 billion thresold internationally for the first time in 2017. It scored the biggest opening day of the year in Hong Kong and the Philippines, the biggest March Thursday in Italy ($1 million, also", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18070435", "text": "Something There \"Something There\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). Sung by the majority of the film's main cast, the song was recorded by American actors Paige O'Hara as Belle and Robby Benson as the Beast via voice over, featuring actors Jerry Orbach, Angela Lansbury and David Ogden Stiers as Lumiere, Mrs. Potts and Cogsworth, respectively. The only song performed by the Beast, \"Something There\" is heard midway through \"Beauty and the Beast \"during a scene in which Belle and the", "title": "Something There" }, { "id": "18553304", "text": "Golden Globe Awards. Disney released the final trailer on January 30, 2017. \"Beauty and the Beast\" was released on Blu-ray, DVD and Digital HD on June 6, 2017. The film debuted at No. 1 on the NPD VideoScan overall disc sales chart, with all other titles in the top 20, collectively, selling only 40% as many units as \"Beauty and the Beast\". The movie regained the top spot on the national home video sales charts during its third week of release. The movie became available on Netflix on September 19, 2017. \"Beauty and the Beast\" grossed $504 million in the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18553329", "text": "consecutive weekends. The only markets where the film did not top the weekend charts were Vietnam (behind \"\"), Turkey (with two local movies and \"Logan\" ahead) and India (where \"Badrinath Ki Dulhania\" retained No. 1). It topped the box office for four straight weekends in Germany, Korea, Austria, Finland, Poland, Portugal, Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Switzerland and the UK (exclusive of previews). In the Philippines, it emerged as the most successful commercial film of all time—both local and foreign—with over $13.5 million. In just five weeks, the film became one of the top 10 highest-grossing film of all time in the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18553320", "text": "film began playing on Thursday, March 16, 2017. Through Sunday, March 19, it had a total international opening of $182.3 million from 55 markets, 44 of which were major territories, far exceeding initial estimations of $100 million and opened at No. 1 in virtually all markets except Vietnam, Turkey, and India. Its launch is the second-biggest for the month of March, behind \"Batman v Superman\" ($256.5 million). In IMAX, it recorded the biggest debut for a PG-rated title (although it carried varying certificate amongst different markets) with $8.5 million from 649 screens, the second-biggest for a PG title behind \"The", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "1320544", "text": "She also appeared in an episode of \"The Vicar of Dibley\", in which she played Reverend Iris. In February 2016, Watson announced she was taking a year-long break from acting. She planned to spend the time on her \"personal development\" and her women's rights work. Watson played Belle in the 2017 live action Disney adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\" directed by Bill Condon, and starring opposite Dan Stevens as the Beast. The film earned over $1.2 billion at the box office and emerged as the second highest-grossing film of 2017, behind only \"\", and the 14th highest-grossing film of", "title": "Emma Watson" }, { "id": "5282244", "text": "Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and United States. Over 35 million people have seen the show worldwide and it has grossed more than $1.7 billion. On July 15, 1995, the musical began its original Australian run in Melbourne at The Princess Theatre, before moving on to Sydney. The original Australian cast included Michael Cormick as The Beast, Rachael Beck as Belle, Hugh Jackman as Gaston, and Ernie Bourne as Maurice. In 1995, the musical", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "6915918", "text": "or Group with Vocals. The single was also nominated for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and the Grammy Award for Song of the Year. Lansbury's performance has been universally lauded by both film and music critics. While the Dion-Bryson version received mixed reviews from critics who felt that it was inferior to Lansbury's original, the single became a commercial success, peaking at number nine on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and becoming the better-known of the two renditions. In addition to returning Disney songs to the pop charts after a thirty-year absence, the success of \"Beauty and the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "9446008", "text": "Hattie Morahan Harriet Jane ″Hattie″ Morahan (born 7 October 1978) is an English television, film, and stage actress. Her roles include Alice in \"The Bletchley Circle\", Gale Benson in \"The Bank Job\" (2008), Ann in \"Mr. Holmes\" (2015), Rose Coyne in \"My Mother and Other Strangers\" (2016), and Agathe/The Enchantress in \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017). Morahan was born at Lambeth, London, England. She is the younger daughter of television and film director Christopher Morahan and actress Anna Carteret. Her older sister Rebecca is a theatre director, and her half-brother Andy is a music video and film director. As a", "title": "Hattie Morahan" }, { "id": "18553318", "text": "film of 2017 to do so. By its fourth weekend, the film began was playing in 3,969 cinemas, a fall of 241 theaters from its previous weekend. Of those, approximately 1,200 cinemas were sing-along versions. It earned $26.3 million (−48%) and retained second place. By comparison, previous Disney films \"Moana\" (−8%) and \"Frozen\" (−2%) both witnessed mild percentage declines the weekend their sing-alone versions were released. Its seventh weekend of release was in contemporaneous with another Emma Watson-starring new film \"The Circle\". That weekend, \"The Circle\" was number four, while \"Beauty and the Beast\" was at number six. By May", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "12566281", "text": "and Julia Roberts in \"\", which was based on Tracy Letts's Pulitzer Prize-winning . McGregor starred in the action comedy film \"Mortdecai\" (2015), alongside Johnny Depp and Paul Bettany. Robbie Collin of \"The Daily Telegraph\" felt the film was \"psychotically unfunny\". He made his directorial debut with \"American Pastoral\" (2016), in which he also starred. In 2017, he reprised his role as Mark Renton in \"T2 Trainspotting\". McGregor played Lumiere in the live action adaptation of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", directed by Bill Condon with an ensemble cast featuring Emma Watson in a leading role alongside Dan Stevens, Luke", "title": "Ewan McGregor" }, { "id": "20084386", "text": "did not feel it \"len[t] itself to the process\". A version of \"Evermore\" performed by Josh Groban was ultimately chosen as a single. Before the film's debut and the soundtrack's release, a series of nail polishes was released; a yellow nail polish was named after the song. \"Days in the Sun\" was released on March 10, 2017, as a track on the \"Beauty and the Beast\" soundtrack; it was made available as an audio CD and a digital download. It is performed by Adam Mitchell as the young Beast, Emma Watson as Belle, and Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw,", "title": "Days in the Sun" }, { "id": "18553328", "text": "million came from IMAX screenings, the fourth-biggest ever in the country. The two-day gross was $9.7 million, outstripping \"Frozen\"s previous record of $9.5 million. Due to positive reviews, good word-of-mouth and benefitting from the Golden Week, the film saw a 9% increase on its second weekend. The hold was strong enough to fend off newcomer \"The Fate of the Furious\" from securing the top spot. The total there is now over $98 million after seven weekends and is the biggest film release of the year and, overall, the eleventh-biggest of all time. It topped the box office there for eight", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "8053360", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (1992 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 50-minute animated film originally released on May 4, 1992, and based on the classic fairy tale, \"Beauty and the Beast\", by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve. Like all other Golden Films productions, the film features three original songs and an underlying track of fully orchestrated classical music. Produced by Golden Films and the \"American Film Investment Corporation\", it was distributed to DVD in 2002 by \"GoodTimes Entertainment\", as part of its \"Collectible Classics\" line. Beauty is the youngest daughter of an elderly merchant, playing the role of the family", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1992 film)" }, { "id": "18553336", "text": "satisfied.\" In her A- review, Nancy Churnin of \"The Dallas Morning News\" praised the film's emotional and thematic depth, remarking: \"There's an emotional authenticity in director Bill Condon's live-action Beauty and the Beast film that helps you rediscover Disney's beloved 1991 animated film and 1994 stage show in fresh, stirring ways.\" James Berardinelli of ReelViews described the 2017 version as \"enthralling\". Brian Truitt of \"USA Today\" commended the performances of Evans, Gad, McGregor and Thompson alongside Condon's affinity with musicals, the production design, visual effects featured in some of the song numbers including new songs made by the composers Alan", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "9424040", "text": "Rex Everhart Rex Everhart (June 13, 1920 – March 13, 2000) was an American film and musical theatre actor and singer. Everhart appeared in such films as \"Superman\", in 1978. He was also known for his role as Enos the Truck-Driver in the horror film, \"Friday the 13th\" (1980) and its sequel. He provided the voice of Maurice, Belle's father, in the 1991 musical animated Disney film, \"Beauty and the Beast\". Everhart performed in numerous roles on Broadway including \"1776\", \"Chicago\", \"Woman of the Year\" and the revival of \"Anything Goes\". He was nominated for a 1978 Tony Award as", "title": "Rex Everhart" }, { "id": "13825478", "text": "upcoming solo album. At the age of 7 years, he landed the role of Tiny Tea Cup in the first national tour of the Broadway Production of \"Beauty and The Beast\". Monroe became lead singer of V Factory shortly after high school. On April 29, 2008, their \"These Are The Days\" EP was released on iTunes, including \"Round and Round\", \"She Bad\" (featuring E-40), and the namesake, \"These Are the Days.\" In May 2008, V Factory performed on Johnny Wright's Bandemonium Tour alongside Menudo and NLT. V Factory's first single, \"Love Struck\", was released to iTunes on February 3, 2009.", "title": "Asher Monroe" }, { "id": "18553315", "text": "from audiences, good reviews from critics, effective marketing which sold the title not just as a family film but also as a romantic drama, the cast's star power (especially Emma Watson), lack of competition, being the first family film since \"The Lego Batman Movie\" a month earlier, nostalgia, and the success and ubiquity of the first film and Disney's brand. On Monday, its fourth day of release, the film fell precipitously by 72% earning $13.5 million. The steep fall was due to a limited marketplace where only 11% K-12 and 15% colleges were off per ComScore. Nevertheless, it is the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "1208689", "text": "became the first of a whole line of Disney stage productions. The original Broadway cast included Terrence Mann as the Beast, Susan Egan as Belle, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumière, Heath Lamberts as Cogsworth, Tom Bosley as Maurice, Beth Fowler as Mrs. Potts, and Stacey Logan as Babette the feather duster. Many well-known actors and singers also starred in the Broadway production during its thirteen-year run, including Kerry Butler, Deborah Gibson, Toni Braxton, Andrea McArdle, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Christy Carlson Romano, Ashley Brown, and Anneliese van der Pol as Belle; Chuck Wagner, James Barbour, and Jeff McCarthy as", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "17628848", "text": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise) Beauty and the Beast is a Disney media franchise comprising a film series and additional merchandise. The success of the original 1991 American animated feature, \"Beauty and the Beast\", directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, led to three direct-to-video follow-up films, a live-action spin-off television series, a Disney World stage show, a Disney World restaurant, several video games, merchandise, and the 9th longest-running musical in Broadway history, which was nominated for nine Tony Awards, winning for Best Costume Design. In March 2017, Disney released a live-action remake of the film. Belle was also added", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise)" }, { "id": "5282255", "text": "Gaston, Peter Van de Velde as Lumière, Frank Hoelen as Maurice, Ivan Pecnik as Cogsworth (called Tickens), Eline De Munck as Babette, Peter Thyssen as LeFou, Barbara Dex as Mrs. Potts and Saskia Schäfer as Madame de la Grande Bouche (called La Commodia). The show premiered on December 10, 2016, at Flanders Expo in Ghent. The show's rights became available (in association with Josef Weinberger Ltd.) to amateur performing groups and regional musical societies. The show has been performed in numerous countries, by theatre companies of both an amateur and professional level. In 2010 Tipperary Musical Society staged the Irish", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "18553292", "text": "to help Watson with her singing lessons. According to \"The Hollywood Reporter\", Emma Watson was reportedly paid $3 million upfront, together with an agreement that her final take-home pay could rise as high as $15 million if the film generated gross box office income similar to \"Maleficent\"'s $759 million worldwide gross. Principal photography on the film began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England, on May 18, 2015. Filming with the principal actors concluded on August 21. Six days later, co-producer Jack Morrissey confirmed that the film had officially wrapped production. The Beast was portrayed with a \"more traditional motion capture", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18553305", "text": "United States and Canada and $759.5 million in other countries for a worldwide gross of $1.263 billion. With a production budget of $254 million, it is the most expensive musical ever made. In just ten days, it became the highest-grossing live-action musical of all time, beating the nine-year-old record held by \"Mamma Mia!\". It is currently the second-biggest musical ever overall, behind Disney's \"Frozen\" (2013). Worldwide, the film proved to be a global phenomenon, earning a total of $357 million over its four-day opening weekend from 56 markets. Critics said the film was playing like superhero movies amongst women. It", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "1208692", "text": "Tucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively. Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical. Filming began on May 18, 2015 in London, and production officially wrapped in August 2015. The film was released on March 17, 2017. \"Beauty and the Beast\" merchandise cover a wide variety of products, among them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic book based on the film", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "18553295", "text": "were mistakenly featured in the original theatrical release's credits, but was later corrected in home releases. When released in 1991, \"Beauty and the Beast\", marked a turning point for Walt Disney Pictures by appealing to millions of fans with its Oscar-winning musical score by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken. In Bill Condon's opinion, that original score was the key reason he agreed to direct a live-action version of the movie. \"That score had more to reveal\", he says, \"You look at the songs and there's not a clunker in the group. In fact, Frank Rich described it as", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "7898827", "text": "Be Our Guest \"Be Our Guest\" is a song written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures' 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). Recorded by American actor Jerry Orbach and English actress Angela Lansbury as Lumiere and Mrs. Potts, respectively, \"Be Our Guest\" is a large-scale Broadway-inspired musical number that takes place during the first half of \"Beauty and the Beast\", performed by the castle's staff of enchanted objects in an elaborate attempt to welcome Belle. Menken initially intended for the melody of \"Be Our Guest\" to be temporary but was ultimately", "title": "Be Our Guest" }, { "id": "1208701", "text": "in \"Kingdom Hearts II\", the world's primary antagonist being Xaldin, an original character created for the series, but who shares several traits with Forte, the main antagonist of \"Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas\". Beauty and the Beast (1991 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 1991 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 30th Disney animated feature film and the third released during the Disney Renaissance period, it is based on the French fairy tale of the same name by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont who was", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "2679597", "text": "Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas is a 1997 American direct-to-video animated Christmas musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It takes place within the timeline of the 1991 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". The film sold 7.6million VHS tapes in 1997. The film starts out with everybody getting prepared for Christmas. Lumiere and Cogsworth argue about who saved Christmas last year. Chip begs Mrs. Potts to be the narrator of the story. After hesitating she agrees. Soon everyone is gathered around Mrs. Potts as she tells the events of", "title": "Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas" }, { "id": "1208633", "text": "that category. It also became the first animated film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 64th Academy Awards, where it won the Academy Award for Best Original Score and Best Original Song for its title song and received additional nominations for Best Original Song and Best Sound. In April 1994, \"Beauty and the Beast\" became Disney's first animated film to be adapted into a Broadway musical. The success of the film spawned two direct-to-video follow-ups: \"\" (1997) and \"Beauty and the Beast: Belle's Magical World\" (1998), both of which take place in the timeline", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "5282234", "text": "with an official opening date of November 16, 1999. The musical closed on July 29, 2007, after 46 previews and 5,461 performances, and is Broadway's tenth-longest running production in history (). The production holds the record of being the longest running production at both the Palace Theatre, where it opened, and the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, where it closed its Broadway run. The production cost an estimated $12 million, arguably higher, becoming the most costly Broadway musical at the time. However, some analysists estimate the cost to be closer to $20 million. Directed by Robert Jess Roth with choreography by Matt West", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "1208632", "text": "served as the film's executive producer, died of AIDS-related complications six months before the film's release, and the film is thus dedicated to his memory. \"Beauty and the Beast\" premiered as an unfinished film at the New York Film Festival on September 29, 1991, followed by its theatrical release as a completed film at the El Capitan Theatre on November 13. The film grossed $425 million at the box office worldwide on a $25 million budget. \"Beauty and the Beast\" won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the first animated film to ever win", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "6915977", "text": "and Bryson duetted at the JT Super Producers 94 tribute concert to David Foster, and as part of Dion's 1994-95 The Colour of My Love Tour, though they have also often sung with different duet partners. Dion has sung with Tommy Körberg, Brian McKnight, Terry Bradford, Maurice Davis, Barnev Valsaint, and René Froger among others; Peabo has sung with Coko and Regine Velasquez. Ariana Grande and John Legend covered \"Beauty and the Beast\" for the 2017 live-action adaption of the same name. The accompanying music video, directed by Dave Meyers premiered on Freeform on March 5, 2017. In March 2017,", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "6915959", "text": "instrumental movie version performed by The Galway Pops Orchestra and featured on the album \"Galway at the Movies\" was nominated in 1994 for the Best Pop Instrumental Performance Grammy. The American Film Institute ranked \"Beauty and the Beast\" 62nd on the organization's list of the 100 greatest songs in film history. \"Beauty and the Beast\" is one of only four songs from Disney animated films to have appeared on the list. When BuzzFeed organized \"The Definitive Ranking Of The 102 Best Animated Disney Songs\" list, \"Beauty and the Beast\" was placed at number four, while the same website ranked the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "18553306", "text": "was the second-biggest March global opening, behind only \"\", the thirteenth-biggest worldwide opening ever and the seventh-biggest for Disney. This includes $21 million from IMAX plays on 1,026 screens, a new record for an IMAX PG title. It surpassed the entire lifetime total of the original film in just six days. \"Beauty and the Beast\" was the 300th digitally remastered release in IMAX company's history, which began with the re-release of \"Apollo 13\" in 2002. Its robust global debut helped push the company past $6 billion for the first time, and led to analysts believing that the film had a", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "1208679", "text": "2017 version failed to \"advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way\". David Sims of \"The Atlantic\" wrote that the 2017 film \"feels particularly egregious, in part, because it's so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it's hard not to notice\". During its initial release in 1991, the film grossed $145.9 million in revenues in North America and $351.9 million worldwide. It ranked as the third-most successful film of 1991 in North America, surpassed only by the summer blockbusters \"\" and \"\". At the time \"Beauty and the", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "6915919", "text": "Beast\" also launched Dion's career and established her as a bankable recording artist. After \"Beauty and the Beast\" became the first Disney song to undergo a complete pop transformation, several contemporary artists were inspired to release their own radio-friendly renditions of Disney songs throughout the decade. Considered to be among Disney's best and most popular songs, \"Beauty and the Beast\" has since been covered by numerous artists. In 2004, the American Film Institute officially recognized \"Beauty and the Beast\" as one of the greatest songs in film history, ranking it 62nd. The song is also featured in the 2017 live-action", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "5282238", "text": "on December 11, 1999. The production won the 1998 American Express Award for Best New Musical Olivier Award, against other nominees \"Enter the Guardsman\", \"The Fix\" and \"Lady in the Dark\". The show had four US national tours. The first opened on November 15, 1995, and closed in 1999. It featured Kim Huber as Belle, Fred Inkley as the Beast, Patrick Page as Lumiere and Paige Davis as Babette. Patrick Page and Paige Davis met and fell in love during the tour and married. A second national tour opened in 1999 with Susan Owen as Belle and Grant Norman as", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (musical)" }, { "id": "5577647", "text": "Frida Irving, Shauna Jensen, Leigh Johnson, Gretel Killeen, Renae Leith, Rebecca Le Tourneau, Jeanne Little, Rachael Lloyd, Jackie Loeb, Prue MacSween, Gillian Minervini, Carol Moores, Julia Morris, Jan Murray (with whom Stan had an ongoing battle), Ali Mutch, Indira Naidoo, Judy Nunn, Lisa Oldfield, Cindy Pan, Jacqueline Pascarl, Carmelle Pavann, Dr Patricia Petersen, Diana Rodger, Kristine Stanley, Maggie Tabberer, Heather Turland, Rowena Wallace, Lisa Wilkinson, Sally Williams, Rebecca Wilson, Adriana Xenides, and Tania Zaetta. Beauty and the Beast (talk show) Beauty and the Beast is an Australian panel television show that has appeared in numerous versions since the early days", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (talk show)" }, { "id": "8316034", "text": "beautiful young woman named Belle who he imprisons in his castle. All this must be done before the last petal falls from the enchanted rose on his twenty-first birthday. In all animated film appearances, the Beast is voiced by American actor Robby Benson. The 1991 animated film was adapted into a Broadway musical in 1994, with the role being originated by American actor Terrence Mann. Dan Stevens portrays the character in a 2017 live-action adaptation of the original 1991 film. Determining a suitable appearance for the Beast proved challenging. Although entirely fictional, supervising animator Glen Keane felt it essential for", "title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)" }, { "id": "18553326", "text": "suggested that it could open to $40–60 million in its opening weekend. Largely driven by young women, its opening day pre-sales outpaced that of \"The Jungle Book\". The original film was, however, never widely popular in the country. Although China has occasionally blocked gay-themed content from streaming video services, in this case, Chinese censors decided to leave the gay scene intact. According to local box office tracker Ent Group, the film grossed an estimated $12.1 million on its opening day (Friday), representing 70% of the total receipts. Including previews, it made a total of $14.5 million from 100,000 screenings, which", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "10503191", "text": "again. The movie was filmed in both the United Kingdom and South Africa. \"Beauty and the Beast (Blood of Beasts)\" has received negative reviews. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes currently holds it at 24% with an average rating of 2.4/5. Beauty and the Beast (2005 film) Beauty and the Beast (also known as Blood of Beasts) is a 2005 film which is based on the folktale \"Beauty and the Beast\" and is set during the time of the Vikings. Thorsson (Greg Melvill-Smith) the king is falling ill and wants to make a pilgrimage to an island cursed by Odin. The", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2005 film)" }, { "id": "16247433", "text": "on June 2, 2016, before concluding on September 15, 2016. Sherri Cooper-Landsman, Jennifer Levin, Ron Koslow, Gary Fleder, Paul Junger Witt, Frank Siracusa, Tony Thomas, John Weber, Bill Haber, C. Anthony Thomas and current showruner Brad Kern have served as executive producers. Roger Grant, Kevin Lafferty, Thom J. Pretak, Mairzee Almas and Michael J. Maschio serve as producers. Other producers on the show include Stuart Gillard, John A. Norris, Holly Henderson, Don Whitehead, Courtney Kemp Agboh, and Eric Tuchman as co-executive producers; Bill Goddard, Blair Singer, and Melissa Glenn as co-producers; Sean Sforza, Julie Lawrence, Kyle MacDonald, and Larry Goldstein", "title": "Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)" }, { "id": "19350027", "text": "Beauty & the Beast (season 4) The fourth and final season of \"Beauty & the Beast\" (an American television series developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin and very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS television series of the same name) consists of 13 episodes. It premiered in the United States on The CW on June 2, 2016. On February 13, 2015, The CW renewed the series for a fourth season. On October 13, 2015, it was announced that the fourth season of \"Beauty & the Beast\" would be the final season. Filming began on May 29, 2015, and ended", "title": "Beauty & the Beast (season 4)" }, { "id": "18553310", "text": "screenings which began at 6 pm, while the rest—59%—came from regular 2D shows which began at 7 pm. The numbers were considered more impressive given that the film played during a school week. On its opening day, the film made $63.8 million from 4,210 theaters across 9,200 screens, marking the third biggest in the month of March, trailing behind \"Batman v Superman\" ($81.5 million) and \"The Hunger Games\" ($67 million). It was also the biggest opening day ever for a film that wasn't PG-13, displacing the $58 million opening Wednesday of \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\". Its opening day", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "1208681", "text": "film in January. The film was expected to make $17.5 million over the weekend; however, the results topped its forecast and the expectations of box office analysts. The re-release ended its run on May 3, 2012, and earned $47.6 million, which brought the film's total gross in North America to $219 million. It made an estimated $206 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $425 million. Alan Menken and Howard Ashman's song \"Beauty and the Beast\" won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, while Menken's score won the award for Best Original Score. Two other Menken and", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "18553308", "text": "of the $425 million gross ($760 million in 2017 dollars) of the original film. \"Deadline Hollywood\" calculated the net profit of the film to be $414.7 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues, making it the second-most profitable release of 2017. In the United States and Canada, \"Beauty and the Beast\" topped Fandango's pre-sales and became the fastest-selling family film in the company's history, topping the studio's own animated film \"Finding Dory\" released the previous year. Early tracking had the film grossing around $100 million in its opening weekend, with some publications predicting it could reach $130 million. By", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "18553290", "text": "we just couldn't get it to click and it was Alan Horn who championed the idea of owning the Disney of it all. We realized there was a competitive advantage in the songs. What is wrong with making adults feel like kids again?\" In January 2015, Emma Watson announced that she would be starring as Belle, the female lead. She was the first choice of Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan F. Horn, as he had previously overseen Warner Bros. which released the eight \"Harry Potter\" films that co-starred Watson as Hermione Granger. Two months later, Luke Evans and Dan Stevens", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" }, { "id": "6915925", "text": "was present in the recording studio at the time to tears. Meanwhile, the actress credits recording the song with ultimately helping her gain further perspective on Mrs. Potts' role in the film. Some of Ashman's cut lyrics from the 1991 film were reinstated for the version in the 2017 film. The scene in \"Beauty and the Beast\" during which the song is heard is the moment when Belle and the Beast's true feelings for each other are finally established. Set in the ballroom of the Beast's castle, \"Beauty and the Beast\" is performed by the character Mrs. Potts, an enchanted", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "2950914", "text": "Dancing\" as Dr. Jake Houseman, the father of Jennifer Grey's character \"Baby\". He made further TV appearances on popular shows such as \"The Golden Girls\" (for which he received his first Emmy nomination), \"Who's the Boss?\", and \"Frasier\" (as a guest caller). In 1991, Orbach starred in Disney's Academy Award-winning animated musical \"Beauty and the Beast\", as the voice (both singing and speaking) of the French-accented candelabrum Lumière, which according to Orbach, he played \"halfway between Maurice Chevalier and Pepé Le Pew\". At the 64th Academy Awards, Orbach performed a live-action stage rendition of the Oscar-nominated song, \"Be Our Guest\",", "title": "Jerry Orbach" }, { "id": "2674202", "text": "Awards. He was awarded as a Disney Legend in 2002 and was the recipient of a Richard Kirk Career Achievement Award in 1998, a Freddie G. Award for Musical Excellence in 2013, and The Oscar Hammerstein Award in 2013, among others. The American Film Institute included the title song from the film \"Beauty and the Beast\", in the AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs. Five other songs from his Disney films were nominated: In 2006, AFI listed its 25 greatest movie musicals. \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991) is ranked 22nd and is the only animated musical film in the list. Four of", "title": "Alan Menken" }, { "id": "4159114", "text": "at Emerson's Bar and Grill\" for HBO in which McDonald portrayed jazz legend Billie Holiday. She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program in 2015 for her work hosting the program \"Live from Lincoln Center\". On film she is best known for her portrayals of Maureen in \"Ricki and the Flash\" (2015) opposite Meryl Streep and Madame de Garderobe in the 2017 film version of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\". She has been nominated five times for the NAACP Image Awards for her work in television and film. McDonald was born in West Berlin, Germany, the daughter", "title": "Audra McDonald" }, { "id": "18035715", "text": "Beauty & the Beast (season 1) The first season of \"Beauty & the Beast\", an American television series developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin and very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS television series of the same name, commenced airing in the United States on October 11, 2012, concluded May 16, 2013, and consisted of 22 episodes. \"Beauty & the Beast\"'s first season aired in the United States (U.S.) on Thursdays at 9:00 pm ET on The CW, a terrestrial television network, where it received an average of 1.78 million viewers per episode. Catherine Chandler, a law student, witnesses", "title": "Beauty & the Beast (season 1)" }, { "id": "1640195", "text": "electric guitar. The latter became her first top-ten hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, peaking at number four. In 1991, Dion was a featured soloist in \"Voices That Care\", a tribute to American troops fighting in Operation Desert Storm. Dion's real international breakthrough came when she duetted with Peabo Bryson on the title track to Disney's animated film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). It became her first top-ten hit in the UK and her second top-ten hit in the US. The song earned its songwriters an Academy Award for Best Song and gave Dion her first Grammy Award for", "title": "Celine Dion" }, { "id": "1208658", "text": "single from the film's soundtrack, supported with a music video. The Dion/Bryson version of \"Beauty and the Beast\" became an international pop hit and performed considerably well on charts around the world. The song became Dion's second single to land within the top-10 of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, peaking at number nine. The song peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot Adult Contemporary chart. In Canada, \"Beauty and the Beast\" peaked at number two. Outside of North America, the song peaked within the top ten in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty in", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)" }, { "id": "6915920", "text": "adaptation; sung by Emma Thompson as Mrs. Potts during the film and also as a duet cover version by Ariana Grande and John Legend during the end credits. Grande and Legend's version of the song is an homage to the cover performed by Dion and Bryson for the 1991 film. \"Beauty and the Beast\" was written by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken in 1990. Intending for the song to be \"the height of simplicity\", the songwriters drew much of its influence from Broadway music. Due to Ashman's failing health, some of \"Beauty and the Beast\"'s pre-production was relocated", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)" }, { "id": "17511503", "text": "into the water then resurfaces, transforming back into the Prince and the Tadums back into dogs. The story is being told by Belle to her two young children. They are living in the same countryside house, surrounded by rose bushes, with Belle's father, who is now a flower merchant. Belle goes outside to greet her husband, the Prince, and the two kiss and embrace. Principal photography took place in Germany, at the Babelsberg Studio in Potsdam-Babelsberg, from November 2012 to February 2013, on a production budget of €35 million. The film earned a total of internationally. In Japan, the film", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)" }, { "id": "19350028", "text": "on November 17, 2015. Max Brown, who starred as Dr. Evan Marks during the first season, is returning for a guest appearance in season four. TVLine reported that the show is adding another main character named Kyle, an EMT in his mid-20s. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Beauty & the Beast (season 4) The fourth and final season of \"Beauty & the Beast\" (an American television series developed by Sherri Cooper-Landsman and Jennifer Levin and very loosely inspired by the 1987 CBS television series of the same name) consists of 13 episodes. It premiered in the United States on The CW on June 2,", "title": "Beauty & the Beast (season 4)" }, { "id": "18553340", "text": "faithful but entirely new and unique way elevating the material beyond expectations, establishing itself as a cinematic equal to the original\" and also complimented the importance of undertaking a renowned yet problematic masterpiece as well addressing changes in the elements of the story while acknowledging the film's effectiveness in resonating to the audiences. Stephen Whitty of the \"New York Daily News\" called it \"this year's best new old musical\" and \"the most magical thing of all\" while describing Watson's performance of Belle as \"breakthrough\". Several critics regarded the film as inferior to its 1991 animated predecessor. David Sims of \"The", "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)" } ]

[ "the Phoenician alphabet" ]

[ { "id": "5512800", "text": "History of the alphabet The history of alphabetic writing goes back to the consonantal writing system used for Semitic languages in the Levant in the 2nd millennium BCE. Most or nearly all alphabetic scripts used throughout the world today ultimately go back to this Semitic proto-alphabet. Its first origins can be traced back to a Proto-Sinaitic script developed in Ancient Egypt to represent the language of Semitic-speaking workers in Egypt. This script was partly influenced by the older Egyptian hieratic, a cursive script related to Egyptian hieroglyphs. Mainly through Phoenician and Aramaic, two closely related members of the Semitic family", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "9370", "text": "Alphabet An alphabet is a standard set of letters (basic written symbols or graphemes) that represent the phonemes (basic significant sounds) of any spoken language it is used to write. This is in contrast to other types of writing systems, such as syllabaries (in which each character represents a syllable) and logographic systems (in which each character represents a word, morpheme, or semantic unit). The first fully phonemic script, the Proto-Canaanite script, later known as the Phoenician alphabet, is considered to be the first alphabet, and is the ancestor of most modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin, Cyrillic, Hebrew, and", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "6890229", "text": "and order of appearance correspond closely. The Greek alphabet, adapted around 800 BCE, added four letters. This was the first alphabet assigning letters not only to consonant sounds, but also to vowels. The Roman Empire brought the development and refinement of our Roman alphabet, beginning around 500 BCE. The Romans added or dropped certain letters to accommodate Greek and Etruscan words; they also experimented with styles such as cursive when writing in ink. By about the fifth century CE, the beginnings of lowercase letterforms began to emerge in Roman writing, but they did not come into common use until the", "title": "Letter (alphabet)" }, { "id": "6890228", "text": "from cultures that use logograms–word symbols–to represent words take years longer to learn to read and write than children learning an alphabet. The relative ease of memorizing twenty-six letters contributed to the spread of literacy throughout the world. The first consonantal alphabet found emerged around 1800 BCE to represent the language of the Phoenicians, Semitic workers in Egypt (see Middle Bronze Age alphabets), and was derived from the alphabetic principles of the Egyptian hieroglyphs. Our present Roman system derives from this Phoenician alphabet, which had twenty-two letters. Nineteen of our present letters evolved from the early Phoenician forms; letter shapes", "title": "Letter (alphabet)" }, { "id": "9374", "text": "general, can be used as a metaphor for knowing the basics about anything. The history of the alphabet started in ancient Egypt. Egyptian writing had a set of some 24 hieroglyphs that are called uniliterals, to represent syllables that begin with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel (or no vowel) to be supplied by the native speaker. These glyphs were used as pronunciation guides for logograms, to write grammatical inflections, and, later, to transcribe loan words and foreign names. In the Middle Bronze Age, an apparently \"alphabetic\" system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script appears in Egyptian turquoise", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "5512801", "text": "of scripts that were in use during the early first millennium BCE, the Semitic alphabet became the ancestor of multiple writing systems across the Middle East, Europe, northern Africa and South Asia. Some modern authors distinguish between consonantal scripts of the Semitic type, called \"abjads\", and \"true alphabets\" in the narrow sense, the distinguishing criterion being that true alphabets consistently assign letters to both consonants and vowels on an equal basis, while in an abjad each symbol usually stands for a consonant. In this sense, the first true alphabet was the Greek alphabet, which was adapted from the Phoenician. Latin,", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "8879423", "text": "History of the Latin script The Latin script is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world. It is the standard script of the English language and is often referred to simply as \"the alphabet\" in English. It is a true alphabet which originated in the 7th century BC in Italy and has changed continually over the last 2500 years. It has roots in the Semitic alphabet and its offshoot alphabets, the Phoenician, Greek, and Etruscan. The phonetic values of some letters changed, some letters were lost and gained, and several writing styles (\"hands\") developed. Two such styles,", "title": "History of the Latin script" }, { "id": "5512814", "text": "letters G, J, U, W, Y, and Z, as well as some other differences. C, K, and Q in the Roman alphabet could all be used to write both the and sounds; the Romans soon modified the letter C to make G, inserted it in seventh place, where Z had been, to maintain the gematria (the numerical sequence of the alphabet). Over the few centuries after Alexander the Great conquered the Eastern Mediterranean and other areas in the third century BCE, the Romans began to borrow Greek words, so they had to adapt their alphabet again in order to write", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "6898688", "text": "alphabet is simply the Proto-Canaanite alphabet as it was continued into the Iron Age (conventionally taken from a cut-off date of 1050 BC). This alphabet gave rise to the Aramaic and Greek alphabets. These in turn led to the writing systems used throughout regions ranging from Western Asia to Africa and Europe. For its part the Greek alphabet introduced for the first time explicit symbols for vowel sounds. The Greek and Latin alphabets in the early centuries of the Common Era gave rise to several European scripts such as the Runes and the Gothic and Cyrillic alphabets while the Aramaic", "title": "History of writing" }, { "id": "5512806", "text": "Two variants of the Phoenician alphabet had major impacts on the history of writing: the Aramaic alphabet and the Greek alphabet. The Phoenician and Aramaic alphabets, like their Egyptian prototype, represented only consonants, a system called an \"abjad\". The Aramaic alphabet, which evolved from the Phoenician in the 7th century BCE, to become the official script of the Persian Empire, appears to be the ancestor of nearly all the modern alphabets of Asia: By at least the 8th century BCE the Greeks borrowed the Phoenician alphabet and adapted it to their own language, creating in the process the first \"true\"", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "6815618", "text": "Midas. This link may have facilitated the Greeks \"borrowing\" their alphabet from the Phrygians because the Phrygian letter shapes are closest to the inscriptions from Aeolis. Some scholars argue for earlier dates: Naveh (1973) for the 11th century BC, Stieglitz (1981) for the 14th century, Bernal (1990) for the 18th–13th century, some for the 9th, but none of these are widely accepted. According to legends recounted by Herodotus, the alphabet was first introduced to Greece by a Phoenician named Cadmus: Herodotus estimates that Cadmus lived sixteen hundred years earlier, or around 2000 BC. He had seen and described the Cadmean", "title": "History of the Greek alphabet" }, { "id": "9380", "text": "carried over by Greek colonists to the Italian peninsula, where it gave rise to a variety of alphabets used to write the Italic languages. One of these became the Latin alphabet, which was spread across Europe as the Romans expanded their empire. Even after the fall of the Roman state, the alphabet survived in intellectual and religious works. It eventually became used for the descendant languages of Latin (the Romance languages) and then for most of the other languages of Europe. Some adaptations of the Latin alphabet are augmented with ligatures, such as æ in Danish and Icelandic and Ȣ", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "5512810", "text": "Asia Minor (also called Asian Greece i.e. present-day aegean Turkey). The Athenians (c. 400 BCE) adopted that latter variation and eventually the rest of the Greek-speaking world followed. After first writing right to left, the Greeks eventually chose to write from left to right, unlike the Phoenicians who wrote from right to left. Many Greek letters are similar to Phoenician, except the letter direction is reversed or changed, which can be the result of historical changes from right-to-left writing to boustrophedon to left-to-right writing. Greek is in turn the source of all the modern scripts of Europe. The alphabet of", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "5512803", "text": "used as a consonantal alphabet (or \"abjad\"). This was not done when writing the Egyptian language, but seems to have been a significant influence on the creation of the first alphabet (used to write a Semitic language). All subsequent alphabets around the world have either descended from this first Semitic alphabet, or have been inspired by one of its descendants (i.e. \"stimulus diffusion\"), with the possible exception of the Meroitic alphabet, a 3rd-century BCE adaptation of hieroglyphs in Nubia to the south of Egypt. The Rongorongo script of Easter Island may also be an independently invented alphabet, but too little", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "9379", "text": "all alphabets in the West. The vowels have independent letter forms separate from those of consonants; therefore it was the first true alphabet. The Greeks chose letters representing sounds that did not exist in Greek to represent vowels. Vowels are significant in the Greek language, and the syllabical Linear B script that was used by the Mycenaean Greeks from the 16th century BC had 87 symbols, including 5 vowels. In its early years, there were many variants of the Greek alphabet, a situation that caused many different alphabets to evolve from it. The Greek alphabet, in its Euboean form, was", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "2335315", "text": "however, have a number of digraphs. The alphabet's current form originated from Latin script about the 7th century. Since then, various letters have been added, or removed, to give the current Modern English alphabet of 26 letters, each having an upper- and lower-case form: The alphabet was derived from an original series of sixteen characters, that emerged as a way to record spoken words. The English language itself was first written in the Anglo-Saxon futhorc runic alphabet, in use from the 5th century. This alphabet was brought to what is now England, along with the proto-form of the language itself,", "title": "English alphabet" }, { "id": "5512813", "text": "Greeks. From the Etruscans, a tribe living in the first millennium BCE in central Italy, and the Western Greeks, the Latins adopted writing in about the seventh century. In adopting writing from these two groups, the Latins dropped four characters from the Western Greek alphabet. They also adapted the Etruscan letter F, pronounced 'w,' giving it the 'f' sound, and the Etruscan S, which had three zigzag lines, was curved to make the modern S. To represent the G sound in Greek and the K sound in Etruscan, the Gamma was used. These changes produced the modern alphabet without the", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "8879445", "text": "alphabet, and the Greek alphabet was still in use by Greek-speakers around the eastern Mediterranean. The Arabic alphabet was widespread within Islam, both among Arabs and non-Arab nations like the Iranians, Indonesians, Malays, and Turkic peoples. Most of the rest of Asia used a variety of Brahmic alphabets or the Chinese script. By the 18th century, the standard Latin alphabet comprised the 26 letters we are familiar with today. During colonialism, the alphabet began its spread around the world, being employed for previously unwritten languages, notably in the wake of Christianization, being used in Bible translations. It spread to the", "title": "History of the Latin script" }, { "id": "9375", "text": "mines in the Sinai peninsula dated to circa the 15th century BC, apparently left by Canaanite workers. In 1999, John and Deborah Darnell discovered an even earlier version of this first alphabet at Wadi el-Hol dated to circa 1800 BC and showing evidence of having been adapted from specific forms of Egyptian hieroglyphs that could be dated to circa 2000 BC, strongly suggesting that the first alphabet had been developed about that time. Based on letter appearances and names, it is believed to be based on Egyptian hieroglyphs. This script had no characters representing vowels, although originally it probably was", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "6720060", "text": "Old English Latin alphabet The Old English Latin alphabet—though it had no standard orthography—generally consisted of 24 letters, and was used for writing Old English from the 9th to the 12th centuries. Of these letters, 20 were directly adopted from the Latin alphabet, two were modified Latin letters (Æ, Ð), and two developed from the runic alphabet (Ƿ, Þ). The letters K, Q and Z were not in the spelling of native English words. In the year 1011, a writer named Byrhtferð ordered the Old English alphabet for numerological purposes. He listed the 24 letters of the Latin alphabet (including", "title": "Old English Latin alphabet" }, { "id": "6720065", "text": "Old English Latin alphabet The Old English Latin alphabet—though it had no standard orthography—generally consisted of 24 letters, and was used for writing Old English from the 9th to the 12th centuries. Of these letters, 20 were directly adopted from the Latin alphabet, two were modified Latin letters (Æ, Ð), and two developed from the runic alphabet (Ƿ, Þ). The letters K, Q and Z were not in the spelling of native English words. In the year 1011, a writer named Byrhtferð ordered the Old English alphabet for numerological purposes. He listed the 24 letters of the Latin alphabet (including", "title": "Old English Latin alphabet" }, { "id": "5512811", "text": "the early western Greek dialects, where the letter eta remained an , gave rise to the Old Italic alphabet which in turn developed into the Old Roman alphabet. In the eastern Greek dialects, which did not have an /h/, eta stood for a vowel, and remains a vowel in modern Greek and all other alphabets derived from the eastern variants: Glagolitic, Cyrillic, Armenian, Gothic (which used both Greek and Roman letters), and perhaps Georgian. Although this description presents the evolution of scripts in a linear fashion, this is a simplification. For example, the Manchu alphabet, descended from the abjads of", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "6890230", "text": "end of the Middle Ages, a thousand years later. \"Letter\", borrowed from Old French \"letre\", entered Middle English around 1200 CE, eventually displacing the native English term \"bocstaf\" (bookstaff). \"Letter\" is descended from the Latin \"littera\", which may have descended from the Greek \"διφθέρα\" (writing tablet), via Etruscan. More recently, the development of SMS (Short Message Service) technology is eliminating use of unnecessary letters in informal communication. Time pressure and limited character counts have introduced common abbreviations and variations such as \"gr8fl\" (grateful) and \"lite\", as well as acronyms like \"idk\" (I don't know) and the ubiquitous \"LOL\". There are", "title": "Letter (alphabet)" }, { "id": "11791506", "text": "History of the Hebrew alphabet The history of the Hebrew alphabet dates back several thousand years. According to contemporary scholars, the original Hebrew script developed alongside others in the region (the region is the Land of Cannan and Arabia) during the course of the late second and first millennia BCE; it is closely related to the Phoenician script, which itself probably gave rise to the use of alphabetic writing in Greece (Greek). It is sometimes claimed that around the 10th century BCE a distinct Hebrew variant, the original \"Hebrew script\", emerged, which was widely used in the ancient kingdoms of", "title": "History of the Hebrew alphabet" }, { "id": "11791510", "text": "History of the Hebrew alphabet The history of the Hebrew alphabet dates back several thousand years. According to contemporary scholars, the original Hebrew script developed alongside others in the region (the region is the Land of Cannan and Arabia) during the course of the late second and first millennia BCE; it is closely related to the Phoenician script, which itself probably gave rise to the use of alphabetic writing in Greece (Greek). It is sometimes claimed that around the 10th century BCE a distinct Hebrew variant, the original \"Hebrew script\", emerged, which was widely used in the ancient kingdoms of", "title": "History of the Hebrew alphabet" }, { "id": "5512812", "text": "West Asia, was also influenced by Korean hangul, which was either independent (the traditional view) or derived from the abugidas of South Asia. Georgian apparently derives from the Aramaic family, but was strongly influenced in its conception by Greek. A modified version of the Greek alphabet, using an additional half dozen demotic hieroglyphs, was used to write Coptic Egyptian. Then there is Cree syllabics (an abugida), which is a fusion of Devanagari and Pitman shorthand developed by the missionary James Evans. A tribe known as the Latins, who became the Romans, also lived in the Italian peninsula like the Western", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "5512818", "text": "many letters the Proto-Sinaitic alphabet had nor what their alphabetic order was. Among its descendants, the Ugaritic alphabet had 27 consonants, the South Arabian alphabets had 29, and the Phoenician alphabet 22. These scripts were arranged in two orders, an \"ABGDE\" order in Phoenician and an \"HMĦLQ\" order in the south; Ugaritic preserved both orders. Both sequences proved remarkably stable among the descendants of these scripts. The letter names proved stable among the many descendants of Phoenician, including Samaritan, Aramaic, Syriac, Arabic, Hebrew, and Greek alphabet. However, they were largely abandoned in Tifinagh, Latin and Cyrillic. The letter sequence continued", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "5512802", "text": "the most widely used alphabet today, in turn derives from Greek (by way of Cumae and the Etruscans). Two scripts are well attested from before the end of the fourth millennium BCE: Mesopotamian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs. Hieroglyphs were employed in three ways in Ancient Egyptian texts: as logograms (ideograms) that represent a word denoting an object pictorially depicted by the hieroglyph; more commonly as phonograms writing a sound or sequence of sounds; and as determinatives (which provide clues to meaning without directly writing sounds). Since vowels were mostly unwritten, the hieroglyphs which indicated a single consonant could have been", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "5226570", "text": "History of the Arabic alphabet The history of the Arabic alphabet concerns the origins and the evolution of the Arabic script. It is thought that the Arabic alphabet is a derivative of the Nabataean variation of the Aramaic alphabet, which descended from the Phoenician alphabet, which, among others, gave rise to the Hebrew alphabet and the Greek alphabet (and therefore the Cyrillic and Roman alphabets). The Arabic alphabet evolved either from the Nabataean, or (less widely believed) directly from the Syriac. This table shows changes undergone by the shapes of the letters from the Aramaic original to the Nabataean and", "title": "History of the Arabic alphabet" }, { "id": "242765", "text": "was itself descended from the Phoenician abjad, which in turn derived from Egyptian hieroglyphics. The Etruscans, who ruled early Rome, adopted the Cumaean Greek alphabet, which was modified over time to become the Etruscan alphabet, which was in turn adopted and further modified by the Romans to produce the Latin alphabet. During the Middle Ages, the Latin alphabet was used (sometimes with modifications) for writing Romance languages, which are direct descendants of Latin, as well as Celtic, Germanic, Baltic, and some Slavic languages. With the age of colonialism and Christian evangelism, the Latin script spread beyond Europe, coming into use", "title": "Latin alphabet" }, { "id": "5512817", "text": "accepted in the mid-seventeenth century. The order of the letters of the alphabet is attested from the fourteenth century BCE in the town of Ugarit on Syria's northern coast. Tablets found there bear over one thousand cuneiform signs, but these signs are not Babylonian and there are only thirty distinct characters. About twelve of the tablets have the signs set out in alphabetic order. There are two orders found, one of which is nearly identical to the order used for Hebrew, Greek and Latin, and a second order very similar to that used for Ethiopian. It is not known how", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "455011", "text": "temple, pharaonic, and military authorities. The hieroglyph system was always difficult to learn, but in later centuries was purposely made even more so, as this preserved the scribes' status. The world's oldest known alphabet appears to have been developed by Canaanite turquoise miners in the Sinai desert around the mid-19th century BC. Around 30 crude inscriptions have been found at a mountainous Egyptian mining site known as Serabit el-Khadem. This site was also home to a temple of Hathor, the \"Mistress of turquoise\". A later, two line inscription has also been found at Wadi el-Hol in Central Egypt. Based on", "title": "Writing" }, { "id": "6745819", "text": "Benjamin Franklin's phonetic alphabet Benjamin Franklin's phonetic alphabet was Benjamin Franklin's proposal for a spelling reform of the English language. The alphabet was based on the Latin alphabet used in English. Franklin modified the standard English alphabet by omitting the letters c, j, q, w, x, and y, and adding new letters to explicitly represent the open-mid back rounded and unrounded vowels, and the consonants sh, ng, voiced th, and voiceless th. It was one of the earlier proposed spelling reforms to the English language. The alphabet consisted of 26 letters in the following order: Other English phonemes are represented", "title": "Benjamin Franklin's phonetic alphabet" }, { "id": "6815617", "text": "the Latin alphabet. Most specialists believe that the Phoenician alphabet was adopted for Greek during the early 8th century BC, perhaps in Euboea. The earliest known fragmentary Greek inscriptions date from this time, 770–750 BC, and they match Phoenician letter forms of c. 800–750 BC. The oldest substantial texts known to date are the Dipylon inscription and the text on the so-called Cup of Nestor, both dated to the late 8th century BC, inscriptions of personal ownership and dedications to a god. Tradition recounts that a daughter of a certain Agamemnon, king of Aeolian Cyme, married a Phrygian king called", "title": "History of the Greek alphabet" }, { "id": "13611843", "text": "believed to have had independent origins. A hieroglyphic writing system used by pre-colonial Mi'kmaq, that was observed by missionaries from the 17th to 19th centuries, is thought to have developed independently. Although, there is some debate over whether or not this was a fully formed system or just a series of mnemonic pictographs. It is thought that the first consonantal alphabetic writing appeared before 2000 BC, as a representation of language developed by Semitic tribes in the Sinai-peninsula (see History of the alphabet). Most other alphabets in the world today either descended from this one innovation, many via the Phoenician", "title": "Writing system" }, { "id": "5512823", "text": "French/American one-handed alphabets retain the forms of the Latin alphabet, as the Indian manual alphabet does Devanagari, and the Korean does Hangul), Braille, semaphore, maritime signal flags, and the Morse codes are essentially arbitrary geometric forms. The shapes of the English Braille and semaphore letters, for example, are derived from the alphabetic order of the Latin alphabet, but not from the graphic forms of the letters themselves. Most modern forms of shorthand are also unrelated to the alphabet, generally transcribing sounds instead of letters. History of the alphabet The history of alphabetic writing goes back to the consonantal writing system", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "5512805", "text": "example, the hieroglyph \"per\" (\"house\" in Egyptian) was used to write the sound [b] in Semitic, because [b] was the first sound in the Semitic word for \"house\", \"bayt\". The script was used only sporadically, and retained its pictographic nature, for half a millennium, until adopted for governmental use in Canaan. The first Canaanite states to make extensive use of the alphabet were the Phoenician city-states and so later stages of the Canaanite script are called Phoenician. The Phoenician cities were maritime states at the center of a vast trade network and soon the Phoenician alphabet spread throughout the Mediterranean.", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "6898689", "text": "alphabet evolved into the Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic abjads and the South Arabian alphabet gave rise to the Ge'ez abugida. The Brahmic family of India is believed by some scholars to have derived from the Aramaic alphabet as well. The history of the Greek alphabet started when the Greeks borrowed the Phoenician alphabet and adapted it to their own language. The letters of the Greek alphabet are more or less the same as those of the Phoenician alphabet, and in modern times both alphabets are arranged in the same order. The adapter(s) of the Phoenician system added three letters to", "title": "History of writing" }, { "id": "5512815", "text": "these words. From the Eastern Greek alphabet, they borrowed Y and Z, which were added to the end of the alphabet because the only time they were used was to write Greek words. The Anglo-Saxons began using Roman letters to write Old English as they converted to Christianity, following Augustine of Canterbury's mission to Britain in the sixth century. Because the Runic \"wen\", which was first used to represent the sound 'w' and looked like a p that is narrow and triangular, was easy to confuse with an actual p, the 'w' sound began to be written using a double", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "3254812", "text": "Greek alphabet The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late ninth or early eighth century BC. It is derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and was the first alphabetic script to have distinct letters for vowels as well as consonants. In Archaic and early Classical times, the Greek alphabet existed in many different local variants, but, by the end of the fourth century BC, the Eucleidean alphabet, with twenty-four letters, ordered from alpha to omega, had become standard and it is this version that is still used to write Greek today. These twenty-four letters", "title": "Greek alphabet" }, { "id": "2335316", "text": "by Anglo-Saxon settlers. Very few examples of this form of written Old English have survived, mostly as short inscriptions or fragments. The Latin script, introduced by Christian missionaries, began to replace the Anglo-Saxon futhorc from about the 7th century, although the two continued in parallel for some time. As such, the Old English alphabet began to employ parts of the Roman alphabet in its construction. Futhorc influenced the emerging English alphabet by providing it with the letters \"thorn\" (Þ þ) and \"wynn\" (Ƿ ƿ). The letter \"eth\" (Ð ð) was later devised as a modification of \"dee\" (D d), and", "title": "English alphabet" }, { "id": "242764", "text": "Latin alphabet The Latin or Roman alphabet is the writing system originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language. Due to its use in writing Germanic, Romance, and other languages first in Europe and then in other parts of the world and due to its use in Romanizing writing of other languages, it has become widespread (see Latin script). It is also used officially in China (separate from its ideographic writing) and has been semi-adopted by Slavic (Russia) and Baltic states. The Latin alphabet evolved from the visually similar Cumaean Greek version of the Greek alphabet, which", "title": "Latin alphabet" }, { "id": "6815642", "text": "them from certain digraphs which had become homophonous, as follows: The letters of the alphabet were used in the system of Greek numerals. For this purpose the letters digamma and qoppa (but not san) were retained although they had gone out of general use, and the obscure letter sampi was added at the end of the alphabet. Digamma was often replaced in numerical use by stigma (Ϛ), originally a ligature of sigma and tau, or even the sequence sigma-tau (στ'). The Old Italic and Anatolian alphabets are, like the Greek alphabet, attested from the 8th century BC. It is unclear", "title": "History of the Greek alphabet" }, { "id": "6898676", "text": "The Chinese script likely developed independently of the Middle Eastern scripts around 1600 BC. The pre-Columbian Mesoamerican writing systems (including Olmec and Maya scripts) are also generally believed to have had independent origins. It is thought that the first true alphabetic writing was developed around 2000 BC for Semitic workers in the Sinai by giving mostly Egyptian hieratic glyphs Semitic values (see History of the alphabet and Proto-Sinaitic alphabet). The Ge'ez writing system of Ethiopia is considered Semitic. It is likely to be of semi-independent origin, having roots in the Meroitic Sudanese ideogram system. Most other alphabets in the world", "title": "History of writing" }, { "id": "2367761", "text": "beginning with the same letter are grouped together; and within that grouping all words beginning with the same two-letter sequence are grouped together; and so on. The system thus tends to maximize the number of common initial letters between adjacent words. Alphabetical order was first used in the 1st millennium BC by Northwest Semitic scribes using the Abjad system. The first effective use of alphabetical order as a cataloging device among scholars may have been in ancient Alexandria. In the 1st century BC, Roman writer Varro compiled alphabetic lists of authors and titles. In the 2nd century CE, Sextus Pompeius", "title": "Alphabetical order" }, { "id": "9400", "text": "equivalent are organized at the end of the alphabet. Origins of the alphabet are still unknown, some Armenian and Western scholars believe it was created by Mesrop Mashtots (Armenian: Մեսրոպ Մաշտոց Mesrop Maštoc') also known as Mesrob the Vartabed, who was an early medieval Armenian linguist, theologian, statesman and hymnologist, best known for inventing the Armenian alphabet c. 405 AD, other Georgian and Western, scholars are against this theory. Syllabaries typically contain 50 to 400 glyphs, and the glyphs of logographic systems typically number from the many hundreds into the thousands. Thus a simple count of the number of distinct", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "6815615", "text": "History of the Greek alphabet The history of the Greek alphabet starts with the adoption of Phoenician letter forms and continues to the present day. The Greek alphabet postdates Linear B, the syllabic script that was used for writing Mycenaean Greek, by several centuries. This article concentrates on the early period, before the codification of the now-standard Greek alphabet. The Phoenician alphabet was strictly speaking one that was consistently explicit only about consonants, though even by the 9th century BC it had developed \"matres lectionis\" to indicate some, mostly final, vowels. This arrangement is much less suitable for Greek than", "title": "History of the Greek alphabet" }, { "id": "5512804", "text": "is known of it to be certain. The Proto-Sinaitic script of Egypt has yet to be fully deciphered. However, it may be alphabetic and probably records the Canaanite language. The oldest examples are found as graffiti in the Wadi el Hol and date to perhaps 1850 BCE. The table below shows hypothetical prototypes of the Phoenician alphabet in Egyptian hieroglyphs. Several correspondences have been proposed with Proto-Sinaitic letters. <br> This Semitic script adapted Egyptian hieroglyphs to write consonantal values based on the first sound of the Semitic name for the object depicted by the hieroglyph (the \"acrophonic principle\"). So, for", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "6890223", "text": "of sounds to make words. A letter is classed as either a consonant or a vowel, depending on how its sound is produced (vowels are \"a\", \"e\", \"i\", \"o\", \"u\", and sometimes \"y\" and \"w\"). The basic Roman alphabet is used by about one hundred languages, with slight variations. Some versions contain as few as twenty-one characters, some as many as thirty. Letters have specific names associated with them, which may differ with language, dialect, and history. \"Z\", for example, is usually called \"zed\" in all English-speaking countries except the US, where it is named \"zee\". As elements of alphabets,", "title": "Letter (alphabet)" }, { "id": "2476215", "text": "Romanian alphabet The Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used by the Romanian language. It is a modification of the classical Latin alphabet and consists of 31 letters, five of which (Ă, Â, Î, Ș, and Ț) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language: The letters Q (\"chiu\"), W (\"dublu v\"), and Y (\"igrec\" or \"i grec\") were formally introduced in the Romanian alphabet in 1982, although they had been used earlier. They occur only in foreign words and their Romanian derivatives, such as \"quasar\", \"watt\", and \"yacht\". The letter", "title": "Romanian alphabet" }, { "id": "14891510", "text": "most epichoric alphabets. It began to drop out of use from the middle of the 6th century BC. Some of the Doric regions, notably Corinth, Argos, Crete and Rhodes, kept it until the 5th century BC. A few letters have arisen from innovative letter distinctions, most of them for local alphabets. The new letter Omega () to denote the long half-open sound was invented first in the East, in the Ionian cities of Asia Minor, at some time before 600 BC. It was created by breaking up the closed circle of the Omicron (), initially near the side. The letter", "title": "Archaic Greek alphabets" }, { "id": "5512807", "text": "alphabet, in which vowels were accorded equal status with consonants. According to Greek legends transmitted by Herodotus, the alphabet was brought from Phoenicia to Greece by Cadmos. The letters of the Greek alphabet are the same as those of the Phoenician alphabet, and both alphabets are arranged in the same order. However, whereas separate letters for vowels would have actually hindered the legibility of Egyptian, Phoenician, or Hebrew, their absence was problematic for Greek, where vowels played a much more important role. The Greeks used for vowels some of the Phoenician letters representing consonants which weren't used in Greek speech.", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "9381", "text": "in Algonquian; by borrowings from other alphabets, such as the thorn þ in Old English and Icelandic, which came from the Futhark runes; and by modifying existing letters, such as the eth ð of Old English and Icelandic, which is a modified \"d\". Other alphabets only use a subset of the Latin alphabet, such as Hawaiian, and Italian, which uses the letters \"j, k, x, y\" and \"w\" only in foreign words. Another notable script is Elder Futhark, which is believed to have evolved out of one of the Old Italic alphabets. Elder Futhark gave rise to a variety of", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "9376", "text": "a syllabary, but unneeded symbols were discarded. An alphabetic cuneiform script with 30 signs including three that indicate the following vowel was invented in Ugarit before the 15th century BC. This script was not used after the destruction of Ugarit. The Proto-Sinaitic script eventually developed into the Phoenician alphabet, which is conventionally called \"Proto-Canaanite\" before ca. 1050 BC. The oldest text in Phoenician script is an inscription on the sarcophagus of King Ahiram. This script is the parent script of all western alphabets. By the tenth century, two other forms can be distinguished, namely Canaanite and Aramaic. The Aramaic gave", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "11036", "text": "Aramaic alphabet The ancient Aramaic alphabet is adapted from the Phoenician alphabet and became distinct from it by the 8th century BCE. It was used to write the Aramaic language and had displaced the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, itself a derivative of the Phoenician alphabet, for the writing of Hebrew. The letters all represent consonants, some of which are also used as \"matres lectionis\" to indicate long vowels. The Aramaic alphabet is historically significant since virtually all modern Middle Eastern writing systems can be traced back to it as well as numerous non-Chinese writing systems of Central and East Asia. That is", "title": "Aramaic alphabet" }, { "id": "8879427", "text": "(words written differently but sounding the same) such as in English and adopting digraphs for new sounds, such as sh for Voiceless postalveolar fricative in English. It is generally held that the Latins adopted the western variant of the Greek alphabet in the 7th century BC from Cumae, a Greek colony in southern Italy – making the early Latin alphabet one among several Old Italic alphabets emerging at the time. From the Cumae alphabet, the Etruscan alphabet was derived. The Latins ultimately adopted 21 of the original 26 Etruscan letters. Gaius Julius Hyginus, who recorded much Roman mythology, mentions in", "title": "History of the Latin script" }, { "id": "5512809", "text": "and \"o\" (later renamed \"o micron\"), and stood for the vowels and rather than the consonants and . As this fortunate development only provided for five or six (depending on dialect) of the twelve Greek vowels, the Greeks eventually created digraphs and other modifications, such as \"ei\", \"ou\", and \"o\" (which became omega), or in some cases simply ignored the deficiency, as in long \"a, i, u\". Several varieties of the Greek alphabet developed. One, known as Western Greek or Chalcidian, was used west of Athens and in southern Italy. The other variation, known as Eastern Greek, was used in", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "647673", "text": "Old Italic script Old Italic is one of several now-extinct alphabet systems used on the Italian Peninsula in ancient times for various Indo-European languages (predominantly Italic) and non-Indo-European (e.g. Etruscan) languages. The alphabets derive from the Euboean Greek Cumaean alphabet, used at Ischia and Cumae in the Bay of Naples in the eighth century BC. Various Indo-European languages belonging to the Italic branch (Faliscan and members of the Sabellian group, including Oscan, Umbrian, and South Picene, and other Indo-European branches such as Celtic, Venetic and Messapic) originally used the alphabet. Faliscan, Oscan, Umbrian, North Picene, and South Picene all derive", "title": "Old Italic script" }, { "id": "9378", "text": "scripts with a limited number of signs, in contrast to the other widely used writing systems at the time, Cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and Linear B. The Phoenician script was probably the first phonemic script and it contained only about two dozen distinct letters, making it a script simple enough for common traders to learn. Another advantage of Phoenician was that it could be used to write down many different languages, since it recorded words phonemically. The script was spread by the Phoenicians across the Mediterranean. In Greece, the script was modified to add vowels, giving rise to the ancestor of", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "3254837", "text": "the older forms of the names in Ancient Greek were spelled with , indicating an original pronunciation with \"-ē\". In Modern Greek these names are spelled with . The following group of vowel letters were originally called simply by their sound values as long vowels: ē, ō, ū, and . Their modern names contain adjectival qualifiers that were added during the Byzantine period, to distinguish between letters that had become confusable. Thus, the letters and , pronounced identically by this time, were called \"o mikron\" (\"small o\") and \"o mega\" (\"big o\") respectively. The letter was called \"e psilon\" (\"plain", "title": "Greek alphabet" }, { "id": "523499", "text": "Phoenician alphabet, but is considered the first true alphabet as it is the first to have explicit symbols for vowels. The Greek alphabet in turn is the parent alphabet of the Latin, Cyrillic, and several other alphabets. The earliest Greek literary works are the Homeric epics, variously dated from the 8th to the 6th century BC. Notable scientific and mathematical works include Euclid's Elements, Ptolemy's Almagest, and others. The New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek. Greek demonstrates several linguistic features that are shared with other Balkan languages, such as Albanian, Bulgarian and Eastern Romance languages (see Balkan sprachbund),", "title": "Greeks" }, { "id": "150371", "text": "approximately the 9th century BC. It was created by modifying the Phoenician alphabet, with the innovation of adopting certain letters to represent the vowels. The variant of the alphabet in use today is essentially the late Ionic variant, introduced for writing classical Attic in 403 BC. In classical Greek, as in classical Latin, only upper-case letters existed. The lower-case Greek letters were developed much later by medieval scribes to permit a faster, more convenient cursive writing style with the use of ink and quill. The Greek alphabet consists of 24 letters, each with an uppercase (majuscule) and lowercase (minuscule) form.", "title": "Greek language" }, { "id": "14891521", "text": "writing, and in 403 BC, a formal decree was passed that public writing would switch to the new Ionic orthography consistently, as part of the reform after the Thirty Tyrants. This new system was subsequently also called the \"Eucleidian\" alphabet, after the name of the archon Eucleides who oversaw the decision. The Euboean alphabet was used in the cities of Eretria and Chalkis and in related colonies in southern Italy, notably in Cumae and in Pithekoussai. It was through this variant that the Greek alphabet was transmitted to Italy, where it gave rise to the Old Italic alphabets, including Etruscan", "title": "Archaic Greek alphabets" }, { "id": "10547271", "text": "palace centres and outlying settlements of the Mycenaean culture began to be abandoned or destroyed, and by 1050 BC, the recognisable cultural features (such as Linear B script) had disappeared. The Greek alphabet began in the 8th century BC. It is descended from the Phoenician alphabet. The Greeks adapted the system, notably introducing characters for vowel sounds and thereby creating the first truly alphabetic (as opposed to abjad) writing system. As Greece sent out colonies eastwards, across the Black Sea, and westwards towards Sicily and Italy (Pithekoussae, Cumae), the influence of their alphabet extended further. The ceramic Euboean artifact inscribed", "title": "Iron Age Europe" }, { "id": "11043", "text": "alphabets of the Mediterranean region (Anatolia, Greece, Italy) are classified as Phoenician-derived, adapted from around the 8th century BC, and those of the East (the Levant, Persia, Central Asia and India) are considered Aramaic-derived, adapted from around the 6th century BC from the Imperial Aramaic script of the Achaemenid Empire. After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, the unity of the Imperial Aramaic script was lost, diversifying into a number of descendant cursives. The Hebrew and Nabataean alphabets, as they stood by the Roman era, were little changed in style from the Imperial Aramaic alphabet. A cursive Hebrew variant developed", "title": "Aramaic alphabet" }, { "id": "11039", "text": "alphabet. Over time, the alphabet developed into the form shown below. Aramaic gradually became the \"lingua franca\" throughout the Middle East, with the script at first complementing and then displacing Assyrian cuneiform, as the predominant writing system. Around 500 BC, following the Achaemenid conquest of Mesopotamia under Darius I, Old Aramaic was adopted by the Persians as the \"vehicle for written communication between the different regions of the vast Persian empire with its different peoples and languages. The use of a single official language, which modern scholarship has dubbed as Official Aramaic, Imperial Aramaic or Achaemenid Aramaic, can be assumed", "title": "Aramaic alphabet" }, { "id": "6815643", "text": "whether they should be considered as siblings of the latter, adopted from the Phoenician simultaneously, or rather as early descendants of the nascent Greek alphabet proper. History of the Greek alphabet The history of the Greek alphabet starts with the adoption of Phoenician letter forms and continues to the present day. The Greek alphabet postdates Linear B, the syllabic script that was used for writing Mycenaean Greek, by several centuries. This article concentrates on the early period, before the codification of the now-standard Greek alphabet. The Phoenician alphabet was strictly speaking one that was consistently explicit only about consonants, though", "title": "History of the Greek alphabet" }, { "id": "242768", "text": "Hyginus in \"Fab. 277\" mentions the legend that it was Carmenta, the Cimmerian Sibyl, who altered fifteen letters of the Greek alphabet to become the Latin alphabet, which her son Evander introduced into Latium, supposedly 60 years before the Trojan War, but there is no historically sound basis to this tale.) The Ancient Greek alphabet was in turn based upon the Phoenician abjad. From the Cumae alphabet, the Etruscan alphabet was derived and the Romans eventually adopted 21 of the original 27 Etruscan letters: Latin included 21 different characters. The letter was the western form of the Greek gamma, but", "title": "Latin alphabet" }, { "id": "8879437", "text": "into English for the consonant in the 17th century (it had been rare as a vowel), but it was not universally considered a distinct letter in the alphabetic order until the 19th century. The names of the letters were largely unchanged, with the exception of H. As the sound disappeared from the Romance languages, the original Latin name \"hā\" became difficult to distinguish from A. Emphatic forms such as and were used, developing eventually into \"acca\", the direct ancestor of English \"aitch\". With the spread of printing, several styles of Latin typography emerged with fonts based on various minuscules of", "title": "History of the Latin script" }, { "id": "244719", "text": "Western Asia\". Thus, many scholars argue that the ancient Semitic-speaking peoples of northern Canaan (modern-day Syria) invented the consonantal alphabet as early as 1500 BCE. Much of this theory's development is credited to English archeologist Flinders Petrie, who, in 1905, came across a series of Canaanite inscriptions located in the turquoise mines of Serabit el-Khadem. Ten years later, English Egyptologist Alan Gardiner reasoned that these letters contain an alphabet, as well as references to the Canaanite goddess Asherah. In 1948, William F. Albright deciphered the text using additional evidence that had been discovered subsequent to Goody's findings. This included a", "title": "Literacy" }, { "id": "3051416", "text": "case distinction before about 1300. The timeline of writing in Western Europe can be divided into four eras: Traditionally, certain letters were rendered differently according to a set of rules. In particular, those letters that began sentences or nouns were made larger and often written in a distinct script. There was no fixed capitalisation system until the early 18th century. The English language eventually dropped the rule for nouns, while the German language keeps it. Similar developments have taken place in other alphabets. The lower-case script for the Greek alphabet has its origins in the 7th century and acquired its", "title": "Letter case" }, { "id": "14302523", "text": "Hawaiian alphabet The Hawaiian alphabet (in ) is an alphabet used to write Hawaiian. It was adapted from the English alphabet in the early 19th century by American missionaries to print a bible in the Hawaiian language. In 1778, British explorer James Cook made the first reported Europe voyage to Hawaii. In his report, he wrote the name of the islands as \"Owhyhee\" or \"Owhyee\". In 1822, a writing system based on one similar to the new \"New Zealand Grammar\" was developed and printed by American Protestant missionary Elisha Loomis. The original alphabet included five vowels and twelve consonants: and", "title": "Hawaiian alphabet" }, { "id": "8879428", "text": "\"Fab. 277\" the legend that it was Carmenta, the Cimmerian Sibyl, who altered fifteen letters of the Greek alphabet to become the Latin alphabet, which her son Evander introduced into Latium, supposedly 60 years before the Trojan War, but there is no historically sound basis to this tale. The original Latin alphabet was: The oldest Latin inscriptions do not distinguish between and , representing both by C, K and Q according to position. K was used before A; Q was used (if at all) before O or V; C was used elsewhere. This is explained by the fact that the", "title": "History of the Latin script" }, { "id": "6890227", "text": "Floral Games to award the best troubadour with the \"violeta d'aur\" top prize. Guilhem Molinier, a member of the academy, gave a definition of the letter in his \"Leys d'Amors\" (1328–1337), a book aimed at regulating then-flourishing Occitan poetry: Before there were alphabets, there were pictographs, or symbols. Ancient Egyptian examples date to about 3500 BCE. Pictographs could communicate basic ideas, but were general and ambiguous if they were comprehensible at all. Tense, for example, could not be specified, and symbols do not necessarily carry meaning across cultures. Memorization of tens of thousands of symbols is a daunting task; children", "title": "Letter (alphabet)" }, { "id": "2335320", "text": "\"i\", were introduced in the 16th century, and \"w\" assumed the status of an independent letter. The variant lowercase form long s (ſ) lasted into early modern English, and was used in non-final position up to the early 19th century. Today, the English alphabet is now considered to consist of the following 26 letters: Written English has a number of digraphs, but they are not considered separate letters of the alphabet: Outside of professional papers on specific subjects that traditionally use ligatures in loanwords, ligatures are seldom used in modern English. The ligatures \"æ\" and \"œ\" were until the 19th", "title": "English alphabet" }, { "id": "9410", "text": "French they are /a, be, se, de/. The French names (from which the English names are derived) preserve the qualities of the English vowels from before the Great Vowel Shift. By contrast, the names of F, L, M, N and S (/ɛf, ɛl, ɛm, ɛn, ɛs/) remain the same in both languages, because \"short\" vowels were largely unaffected by the Shift. In Cyrillic originally the letters were given names based on Slavic words; this was later abandoned as well in favor of a system similar to that used in Latin. When an alphabet is adopted or developed to represent a", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "9373", "text": "items, in such contexts as numbered lists and number placements. The English word \"alphabet\" came into Middle English from the Late Latin word \"alphabetum\", which in turn originated in the Greek ἀλφάβητος (\"alphabētos\"). The Greek word was made from the first two letters, \"alpha\"(α) and \"beta\"(β). The names for the Greek letters came from the first two letters of the Phoenician alphabet; \"aleph\", which also meant \"ox\", and \"bet\", which also meant \"house\". Sometimes, like in the alphabet song in English, the term \"ABCs\" is used instead of the word \"alphabet\" (\"Now I know my ABCs\"...). \"Knowing one's ABCs\", in", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "242767", "text": "alphabets may discard letters, like the Rotokas alphabet, or add new letters, like the Danish and Norwegian alphabets. Letter shapes have evolved over the centuries, including the development in Medieval Latin of lower-case, forms which did not exist in the Classical period alphabet. English is the only major modern European language requiring no diacritics for native words (although a diaeresis may be used in words such as \"coöperation\"). It is generally believed that the Romans adopted the Cumae alphabet, a variant of the Greek alphabet, in the 7th century BC from Cumae, a Greek colony in Southern Italy. (Gaius Julius", "title": "Latin alphabet" }, { "id": "5226579", "text": "written by hand. The alphabet then had 28 letters, and so could be used to write the numbers 1 to 10, then 20 to 100, then 200 to 900, then 1000 (see Abjad numerals). In this numerical order, the new letters were put at the end of the alphabet. This produced this order: alif (1), b (2), j (3), d (4), h (5), w (6), z (7), H (8), T (9), y (10), k (20), l (30), m (40), n (50), s (60), ayn (70), f (80), S (90), q (100), r (200), sh (300), t (400), th (500), dh", "title": "History of the Arabic alphabet" }, { "id": "375667", "text": "an alphabetic system where pointing to a body part represented the first letter of the part (e.g. Brow=B), and vowels were located on the fingertips as with the other British systems. He described such codes for both English and Latin. By 1720, the British manual alphabet had found more or less its present form. Descendants of this alphabet have been used by deaf communities (or at least in classrooms) in former British colonies India, Australia, New Zealand, Uganda and South Africa, as well as the republics and provinces of the former Yugoslavia, Grand Cayman Island in the Caribbean, Indonesia, Norway,", "title": "Sign language" }, { "id": "8879433", "text": "business accounts, by schoolchildren learning the Latin alphabet, and even by emperors issuing commands. A more formal style of writing was based on Roman square capitals, but cursive was used for quicker, informal writing. It was most commonly used from about the 1st century BC to the 3rd century AD, but it probably existed earlier than that. The Latin alphabet spread from Italy, along with the Latin language, to the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea with the expansion of the Roman Empire. The eastern half of the Roman Empire, including Greece, Asia Minor, the Levant, and Egypt, continued to use", "title": "History of the Latin script" }, { "id": "242774", "text": "as minuscule cursive, was in use from the 3rd century to the 7th century, and uses letter forms that are more recognizable to modern eyes; , , , and had taken a more familiar shape, and the other letters were proportionate to each other. This script evolved into the medieval scripts known as Merovingian and Carolingian minuscule. It was not until the Middle Ages that the letter (originally a ligature of two s) was added to the Latin alphabet, to represent sounds from the Germanic languages which did not exist in medieval Latin, and only after the Renaissance did the", "title": "Latin alphabet" }, { "id": "30654", "text": "reverse alphabet in lyrical style. The original version of the song was performed by actress Judi Rolin with the Smothers Brothers in the 1966 teleplay adaptation of \"Alice Through the Looking Glass\". Alphabet song An alphabet song is any of various songs used to teach children the alphabet. Alphabet songs typically recite the names of all letters of the alphabet of a given language in order. \"The A.B.C.\" or \"A.B.Cs\" is one of the best-known English language alphabet songs, and perhaps the one most frequently referred to as \"the alphabet song\", especially in the United States. The song was first", "title": "Alphabet song" }, { "id": "5068774", "text": "that he mentions that these letters are said to have been invented by Gamaliel and transmitted in the a book called \"Liber ignis\" associated with the angel \"Raphiel\". Claude Duret (1570?-1611) included it in his \"Thresor\" (1613, p. 117) under the name \"the characters of the angel Raphael\", citing Ambrosius. Edmund Fry included it in his \"Pantographia\" (pp. 28-29), stating: \"Theseus Ambrosius asserts that this character was brought from Heaven by the Angel Raphael by who it was communicated to Adam who used it in composing Psalms after his expulsion from the terrestrial paradise. Some authors pretend that Moses and", "title": "Alphabet of the Magi" }, { "id": "14579595", "text": "Zvonnitsa Anbur script The alphabet was introduced by a Russian missionary, Stepan Khrap, also known as Saint Stephen of Perm (Степан Храп, св. Стефан Пермский) in 1372. The name Abur is derived from the names of the first two characters: An and Bur. The alphabet derived from Cyrillic and Greek, and Komi tribal signs, the latter being similar in the appearance to runes or siglas poveiras, because they were created by incisions, rather than by usual writing. The alphabet was in use until the 17th century, when it was superseded by the Cyrillic script. Abur was also used as cryptographic", "title": "Timeline of Russian innovation" }, { "id": "8879430", "text": "in its position – according to Plutarch, by Spurius Carvilius Ruga – so that afterward, C = /k/, G = /ɡ/. An attempt by the emperor Claudius to introduce three additional letters was short-lived, but after the conquest of Greece in the 1st century BC the letters Y and Z were, respectively, adopted and readopted from the Greek alphabet and placed at the end. Now the new Latin alphabet contained 23 letters: The Latin names of some of the letters are disputed. In general, however, the Romans did not use the traditional (Semitic-derived) names as in Greek, but adopted the", "title": "History of the Latin script" }, { "id": "11976782", "text": "Origin of Hangul The Korean alphabet is the native script of Korea, created in the mid fifteenth century by King Sejong, as both a complement and an alternative to the logographic Sino-Korean \"hanja\". Initially denounced by the educated class as \"eonmun\" (vernacular writing), it only became the primary Korean script following independence from Japan in the mid-20th century. The Korean alphabet is a featural alphabet written in morpho-syllabic blocks, and was designed for both the Korean and Chinese languages, though the letters specific to Chinese are now obsolete. Each block consists of at least one consonant letter and one vowel", "title": "Origin of Hangul" }, { "id": "5512821", "text": "that are not used as national scripts today, a few are clearly independent in their letter forms. The Zhuyin phonetic alphabet derives from Chinese characters. The Santali alphabet of eastern India appears to be based on traditional symbols such as \"danger\" and \"meeting place\", as well as pictographs invented by its creator. (The names of the Santali letters are related to the sound they represent through the acrophonic principle, as in the original alphabet, but it is the \"final\" consonant or vowel of the name that the letter represents: \"le\" \"swelling\" represents \"e\", while \"en\" \"thresh grain\" represents \"n\".) In", "title": "History of the alphabet" }, { "id": "16146922", "text": "does not belong to the Canaanite languages proper. The Phoenician alphabet consists of 22 letters, all consonants. Starting around 1050 BC, this script was used for the writing of Phoenician, a Northern Semitic language. It is believed to be one of the ancestors of modern alphabets. By their maritime trade, the Phoenicians spread the use of the alphabet to Anatolia, North Africa, and Europe, where it was adopted by the Greeks who developed it into an alphabetic script to have distinct letters for vowels as well as consonants. The name \"Phoenician\" is by convention given to inscriptions beginning around 1050", "title": "Phoenicia" }, { "id": "11037", "text": "primarily from the widespread usage of the Aramaic language as both a \"lingua franca\" and the official language of the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian Empires, and their successor, the Achaemenid Empire. Among the scripts in modern use, the Hebrew alphabet bears the closest relation to the Imperial Aramaic script of the 5th century BC, with an identical letter inventory and, for the most part, nearly identical letter shapes. The Aramaic alphabet was an ancestor to the Nabataean alphabet and the later Arabic alphabet. Writing systems (like the Aramaic one) that indicate consonants but do not indicate most vowels other than by", "title": "Aramaic alphabet" }, { "id": "3254828", "text": "of these letters is a matter of some debate. Three of the original Phoenician letters dropped out of use before the alphabet took its classical shape: the letter Ϻ (\"san\"), which had been in competition with Σ (\"sigma\") denoting the same phoneme /s/; the letter Ϙ (\"qoppa\"), which was redundant with Κ (\"kappa\") for /k/, and Ϝ (\"digamma\"), whose sound value /w/ dropped out of the spoken language before or during the classical period. Greek was originally written predominantly from right to left, just like Phoenician, but scribes could freely alternate between directions. For a time, a writing style with", "title": "Greek alphabet" }, { "id": "14975919", "text": "divine creation in the biblical Creation according to Genesis, and of 22 corresponding works of salvation by Christ, elaborating this theory through descriptions of the various letters and interpretations of their shapes. This is followed by an account of the history of the alphabet, which weaves together elements of Greek mythology and the Hebrew Bible as well as several Jewish and pagan texts: according to this account, the Hebrew alphabet was first handed down to mankind by divine inspiration during the generation of Enoch, but was lost during the Confusion of Tongues. God subsequently revealed the Greek alphabet on a", "title": "About the Mystery of the Letters" }, { "id": "9382", "text": "alphabets known collectively as the Runic alphabets. The Runic alphabets were used for Germanic languages from AD 100 to the late Middle Ages. Its usage is mostly restricted to engravings on stone and jewelry, although inscriptions have also been found on bone and wood. These alphabets have since been replaced with the Latin alphabet, except for decorative usage for which the runes remained in use until the 20th century. The Old Hungarian script is a contemporary writing system of the Hungarians. It was in use during the entire history of Hungary, albeit not as an official writing system. From the", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "6815616", "text": "for Semitic languages, and these \"matres lectionis\", as well as several Phoenician letters which represented consonants not present in Greek, were adapted according to the acrophonic principle to represent Greek vowels consistently, if not unambiguously. The Greek alphabet was developed by a Greek with first-hand experience of contemporary Phoenician script. Almost as quickly as it was established in the Greek mainland, it was rapidly re-exported, eastwards to Phrygia, where a similar script was devised. It was also exported westwards with Euboean or West Greek traders, where the Etruscans adapted the Greek alphabet to their own language, which eventually led to", "title": "History of the Greek alphabet" }, { "id": "4513555", "text": "Manchu alphabet The Manchu alphabet is the alphabet used to write the now nearly-extinct Manchu language; a similar script is used today by the Xibe people, who speak a language variably considered as either a dialect of Manchu or a closely related, mutually intelligible language. It is written vertically from top to bottom, with columns proceeding from left to right. According to the \"Veritable Records\" (; ), in 1599 the Manchu leader Nurhaci decided to convert the Mongolian alphabet to make it suitable for the Manchu people. He decried the fact that while illiterate Han Chinese and Mongolians could understand", "title": "Manchu alphabet" }, { "id": "8879424", "text": "the minuscule and majuscule hands, were combined into one script with alternate forms for the lower and upper case letters. Due to classicism, modern uppercase letters differ only slightly from their classical counterparts. There are few regional variants. The Latin alphabet started out as uppercase serifed letters known as roman square capitals. The lowercase letters evolved through cursive styles that developed to adapt the formerly inscribed alphabet to being written with a pen. Throughout the ages, many dissimilar stylistic variations of each letter have evolved that are still identified as being the same letter. After the evolution of the alphabet", "title": "History of the Latin script" }, { "id": "9401", "text": "symbols is an important clue to the nature of an unknown script. The Armenian alphabet ( ' or ') is a graphically unique alphabetical writing system that has been used to write the Armenian language. It was introduced by Mesrob Mashdots around 405 AD, an Armenian linguist and ecclesiastical leader, and originally contained 36 letters. Two more letters, օ (o) and ֆ (f), were added in the Middle Ages. During the 1920s orthography reform, a new letter և (capital ԵՎ) was added, which was a ligature before ե+ւ, while the letter Ւ ւ was discarded and reintroduced as part of", "title": "Alphabet" }, { "id": "2335318", "text": "24 letters of the Latin alphabet first (including ampersand), then 5 additional English letters, starting with the Tironian note \"ond\" (⁊), an insular symbol for \"and\": In the orthography of Modern English, thorn (þ), eth (ð), wynn (ƿ), yogh (), ash (æ), and ethel (œ) are obsolete. Latin borrowings reintroduced homographs of ash and ethel into Middle English and Early Modern English, though they are largely obsolete (see \"Ligatures in recent usage\" below), and where they are used they are not considered to be separate letters (e.g. for collation purposes), but rather ligatures. Thorn and eth were both replaced by", "title": "English alphabet" }, { "id": "14891495", "text": "Archaic Greek alphabets Many local variants of the Greek alphabet were employed in ancient Greece during the archaic and early classical periods, until they were replaced by the classical 24-letter alphabet that is the standard today, around 400 BC. All forms of the Greek alphabet were originally based on the shared inventory of the 22 symbols of the Phoenician alphabet, with the exception of the letter Samekh, whose Greek counterpart Xi () was used only in a sub-group of Greek alphabets, and with the common addition of Upsilon () for the vowel . The local, so-called \"epichoric\", alphabets differed in", "title": "Archaic Greek alphabets" }, { "id": "819134", "text": "was originally named \"Cadmeia\" in his honour. Cadmus was credited by the ancient Greeks (such as Herodotus 484 – 425 BC, one of the first Greek historians, but one who also wove standard myths and legends through his work) with introducing the original alphabet to the Greeks, who adapted it to form their Greek alphabet. Herodotus estimates that Cadmus lived sixteen hundred years before his time, which would be around 2000 BC. Herodotus had seen and described the Cadmean writing in the temple of Apollo at Thebes engraved on certain tripods. He estimated those tripods to date back to the", "title": "Cadmus" } ]

[ "the burning of fossil fuels" ]

[ { "id": "359749", "text": "pollution in China. Especially during autumn and winter when coal-fired heating ramps up, the amount of produced smoke at times forces some Chinese cities to close down roads, schools or airports. One prominent example for this was China's Northeastern city of Harbin in 2013. Traffic emissions – such as from trucks, buses, and automobiles– also contribute to the formation of smog. Airborne by-products from vehicle exhaust systems cause air pollution and are a major ingredient in the creation of smog in some large cities. The major culprits from transportation sources are carbon monoxide (CO),nitrogen oxides (NO and NO),volatile organic compounds,", "title": "Smog" }, { "id": "17720614", "text": "natural factors. While various causes such as coal burning and car emissions come from human activity, natural causes such as the humid weather and a lack of wind also contributed to the smog. A study in 2005 in Beijing showed that PM is mostly composed of carbon, SO salts, NO salts, and NH salts. PM is a byproduct of the process of coal burning from power stations and produces significant amounts of sulfate, black carbon, ammonium, and nitrate. In 1989, 32.7% of PM particulates in Beijing came from burning of coal, which decreased to 16.4% in 2000, as people started", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "359772", "text": "in 2006 concluded that much of the city's pollution comes from surrounding cities and provinces. On average 35–60% of the ozone can be traced to sources outside the city. Shandong Province and Tianjin Municipality have a \"significant influence on Beijing's air quality\", partly due to the prevailing south/southeasterly flow during the summer and the mountains to the north and northwest. In 1306, concerns over air pollution were sufficient for Edward I to (briefly) ban coal fires in London. In 1661, John Evelyn's \"Fumifugium\" suggested burning fragrant wood instead of mineral coal, which he believed would reduce coughing. The \"\" the", "title": "Smog" }, { "id": "9835676", "text": "monitoring are based on networks of static and sparse measurement stations. However, there are drivers behind current rises in the use of low-cost sensors for air pollution management in cities. The immense urban growth of Chinese cities substantially increases the need for consumer goods, vehicles and energy. This in turn increases the burning of fossil fuels, resulting in smog. Exposure to Smog poses a threat to the health of Chinese citizens. A study from 2012 shows fine particles in the air, which cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases are one of the key pollutants that are accounted for a large fraction", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "17720613", "text": "the air pollution in Eastern China, contributing to the growing smog problem in large areas across cities. The composition of PM particles varies, and they are often made of heavy metals and various toxic compounds, such as lead and sulfate. Small particles can be suspended in the air for long periods of time due to their low masses. While some particles such as large-size carbon may be seen as soot and smoke, most of them can only be detected with a microscope. The Chinese Academy of Sciences indicated that smog in Beijing is a combination of both artificial factors and", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "359761", "text": "from this experiment concluded that there is a link between early-life pollution exposure that leads to the development of asthma, proposing the ongoing effect of the Great Smog. Modern studies continue to find links between mortality and the presence of smog. One study, published in Nature magazine, found that smog episodes in the city of Jinan, a large city in eastern China, during 2011–15, were associated with a 5.87% (95% CI 0.16–11.58%) increase in the rate of overall mortality. This study highlights the effect of exposure to air pollution on the rate of mortality in China. The U.S. EPA has", "title": "Smog" }, { "id": "9835680", "text": "most fearful impact on people’s health in Beijing throughout the year, especially in cold seasons. Traces of smog from mainland China has been observed to reach as far as California. Sulfur dioxide emission peaked at 2006, after which it began to decline by 10.4% in 2008 compared to 2006. This was accompanied by improvements on related phenomenons such as lower frequency of acid rainfall. The adoption by power plants of flue-gas desulfurization technology was likely the main reason for reduced SO emissions. Large-scale use of formaldehyde in make home building products in construction and furniture also contributes to indoor air", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "9835696", "text": "desertification disrupts the lives of 400 million people and causes direct economic losses of 54 billion yuan ($7 billion) a year, SFA figures show. Sulfur (an acid rain component), soot, ash, carbon monoxide, and other toxic pollutants including heavy metals (such as mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, lead, zinc, copper) and other carcinogens, often accompany the dust storms, as well as viruses, bacteria, fungi, pesticides, antibiotics, asbestos, herbicides, plastic ingredients, combustion products and hormone mimicking phthalates. The increasing number of air pollutants can cause incidences of low visibility for days and acid rain. According to the article \"Air Pollution in Mega", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "9835698", "text": "as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and small particle matter known as PM2.5 and PM10. Long-term exposure to pollutants can cause health risks such as respiratory diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Coal is a huge issue because of the SO2 emissions from coal factories. According to the article, \"SO2 exceeded the Chinese Grade-II standards in 22% of the country’s cities and caused acid rain problems in 38% of the cities.\" In 2010 49 employees at Wintek were poisoned by n-hexane in the manufacturing of touchscreens for Apple products. In 2013, it was revealed that portions of the country's", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "17720615", "text": "to use cleaner energy such as natural gas. Automobile exhaust also significantly contributed to the smog problem. More importantly, such chemicals, along with organic carbon released from coal burning, may react with each other in the air, creating more toxic, harmful particles made of SO and NO. PM particles are small enough to pass through the human respiratory system and reach the lung, causing problems like heart attacks and asthma attacks. In northern China, people live, on average, 5.5 years fewer than those in southern China, because of the over-reliance on burning coal for heating systems, which produces huge amounts", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "17720607", "text": "burned more coal to keep warm. This increased the amount of sulphate and nitrate (results of coal combusting), which led to higher PM. Research suggests that 41% of the carbon that made up these high PM levels in Shanghai were also from coal burning. Additionally, there were pollution from industrial sources. Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan and many eastern provinces are heavy coal-burning regions. Research shows that prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO) towards the east coast of China. Regional transportation also had a significant impact on air quality. The State Environmental Protection Administration investigates tens", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "17622632", "text": "Chinese cities is of increasing concern to China's leadership. Particulates in the air can adversely affect human health and also have impacts on climate and precipitation. Pollution from the burning of coal has reduced life expectancies by 5.5 years in the north of China, as a result of heart and lung diseases. According to the National Environmental Analysis released by Tsinghua University and The Asian Development Bank in January 2013, 7 of 10 most air polluted cities in the world are located in China, including Taiyuan, Beijing, Urumqi, Lanzhou, Chongqing, Jinan and Shijiazhuang. As air pollution in China is at", "title": "2013 Northeastern China smog" }, { "id": "17720611", "text": "all middle and primary schools and kindergartens. Experts say these figures indicate high levels of dust on construction sites. Children's Hospital outpatient services increased by 33 percent; the general incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection increased significantly. The smog dissipated 12 December. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure and coal-powered district heating system in North China. Visibility was reduced to less than 50 meters. Many highways in East China's Jiangxi province were closed. The severe smog is raising awareness in re-assessing China's air pollution. On 12 February 2014,", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "12255526", "text": "only strongly increased the extent of anthropogenic emissions, but also changed the meteorological situation fundamentally, even if emissions of human society are not included. For example, surface albedo, wind speed and humidity near the surface were decreased, whereas ground and near-surface air temperatures, vertical air dilution and ozone levels were increased. Because of the combined factors of urbanization and pollution caused by burning of fossil fuel, Beijing is often affected by serious environmental problems, which lead to health issues of many inhabitants. In 2013 heavy smog struck Beijing and most parts of northern China, impacting a total of 600 million", "title": "Beijing" }, { "id": "17622631", "text": "In Changchun, air pollution recorded at an all-time high and the levels of PM particulate matter rose to 845 micrograms per cubic metre on 22 October 2013. The smog eased on 25 October 2013 and had completely dissipated by the 28th due to a cold front that had moved in from Russia. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, burning of crop waste in farmers' fields, and 20 October start-up of Harbin's coal-powered district heating system. Harbin lies in the north of China where winter temperatures can drop to , necessitating a six-month heating season. Air pollution in", "title": "2013 Northeastern China smog" }, { "id": "17720605", "text": "China. The report calls for urgent implementation of regional joint prevention and control measures to effectively solve the air pollution crisis. The mixture of natural fog and unnatural smog started accumulating over the first weekend of December 2013. In Shanghai, the Air Quality Index (AQI) crossed the threshold of 300 on 2 December. The lingering smog also left the air qualities in neighboring cities, such as Nanjing, Jiaxing, at seriously polluted levels. The National Meteorological Center (NMC) issued yellow alert for smog and fog, the third most serious alert in China's four-tiered system. PM particulate levels reached their highest point", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "9835667", "text": "Pollution in China Pollution in China is one aspect of the broader topic of environmental issues in China. Various forms of pollution have increased as China has industrialised, which has caused widespread environmental and health problems. China will either shut down or curtail operations at dozens of steel plants from November 2017, over the next five months under an aggressive action plan to reduce winter pollution in Beijing and its surrounding areas. The immense growth of the People's Republic of China since the 1980s has resulted in increased soil pollution. The State Environmental Protection Administration believes it to be a", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "17720604", "text": "China Meteorological Administration jointly released the \"Green Paper on Climate Change: Addressing Climate Change (2013)\". It stated that the fog and smog in China had increased in the past 50 years with the number of fog-free days significantly reduced, while that of the smog days were significantly increasing with the phenomenon of persisting smog days. The fastest growing fog and smog days occurred in the Pearl and Yangtze River Delta regions, which are the most industrialized areas. The report also indicated that the main reason of increased fog and smog days is the yearly increase in fossil fuel consumption in", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "17720617", "text": "pathogens and bacteria can be spread through PM smog and cause diseases. For example, Chinese researchers have found that smog in Beijing contains significant amounts of inhalable microbial allergens and pathogenic species, which increase the risk of respiratory diseases. The same study also reported that among all the microorganisms within PM particles, 86.1% are bacteria, 13% eukaryota, 0.8% archaea, and 0.1% viruses. The smog contains a variety of microorganisms such as \"Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes,\" and \"Euryarchaeota.\" Many of these are not harmful to humans, but some pathogenic microorganisms are carried through smog, and their numbers increase as the", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "9835681", "text": "pollution. Particulates are formed from both primary and secondary pathways. Primary sources such as coal combustion, biomass combustion and traffic directly emit particulate matter (PM). The emissions from power plants are considerably higher than in other countries, as most Chinese facilities do not employ any flue gas treatment. High secondary aerosol (particulates formed through atmospheric oxidation and reactions of gaseous organic compounds) contribution to particulate pollution in China is found. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, such fine particles can cause asthma, bronchitis, and acute and chronic respiratory symptoms such as shortness of breath and painful breathing, and may", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "17720606", "text": "on 6 December 2013, with Shanghai reaching a high of 507. The U.S. Embassy categorizes air quality readings over 300 as hazardous to all humans, not just those with heart or lung ailments. According to a NASA Terra Satellite image, the thick haze stretches over Eastern China, across a distance of around . The polluted air appears gray on the image and most of the pollution is trapped in the lower boundary layer of a few hundred meters. Coal burning is a primary source of fine particle air pollution. It increased as the weather worsened during winter months and residents", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "3630617", "text": "across the mountains north of Beijing to guard against nomadic invasions. In modern times, the same mountains that shielded Beijing from the Gobi steppes also form a semi-circular basin which catches the city's air pollution. Severe smog problems develop in the summer as the hot and humid air pressure from monsoons in the south prevent air pollutants from leaving the basin. Smog is less severe in the fall and winter when the direction of the wind currents reverse course as the vast anticyclone high pressure system takes hold and brings cold, dry air from Siberia. In the spring, the northerly", "title": "Geography of Beijing" }, { "id": "359746", "text": "pollutants that also combine with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog. In certain other cities, such as Delhi, smog severity is often aggravated by stubble burning in neighboring agricultural areas. The atmospheric pollution levels of Los Angeles, Beijing, Delhi, Lahore, Mexico City, Tehran and other cities are often increased by an inversion that traps pollution close to the ground. The developing smog is usually toxic to humans and can cause severe sickness, a shortened life span, or premature death. Coinage of the term \"smog\" is generally attributed to Dr. Henry Antoine Des Voeux in his 1905 paper, \"Fog and", "title": "Smog" }, { "id": "17720603", "text": "worst bouts of air pollution in the area, cutting visibility and causing major disruption in transportation and daily activities. Airports, highways, and schools were closed. In January 2013, China experienced massive fog and haze outbreak affecting about 600 million people and covering seventeen provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, a fourth of China's territory. On 12 September 2013, the State Council announced the \"Air Pollution Prevention Plan\". China limited the fine particulate matter level, and the Chinese government officials' assessment index included improving the environment for the first time. On 4 November 2013, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "17720602", "text": "2013 Eastern China smog The 2013 Eastern China smog was a severe air pollution episode that affected East China, including all or parts of the municipalities of Shanghai and Tianjin, and the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, and Zhejiang, during December 2013. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form a thick layer of smog over the region. Levels of PM particulate matter averaged over 150 micrograms per cubic metre; in some areas, they were 300 to 500 micrograms per cubic metre. It was one of the", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "335339", "text": "million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, Over ten million people in India fell ill with waterborne illnesses in 2013, and 1,535 people died, most of them children. Nearly 500 million Chinese lack access to safe drinking water. A 2010 analysis estimated that 1.2 million people died prematurely each year in China because of air pollution. The high smog levels China has been facing for a long time can do damage to civilians bodies and generate different diseases The WHO estimated in 2007 that air pollution causes half a million deaths per year in India. Studies have estimated", "title": "Pollution" }, { "id": "66665", "text": "China is the world's largest carbon dioxide emitter. The country also has significant water pollution problems: 40% of China's rivers had been polluted by industrial and agricultural waste by late 2011. In 2014, the internal freshwater resources per capita of China reduced to 2,062m, and it was below 500m in the North China Plain, while 5,920m in the world. In China, heavy metals also cause environmental pollution. Heavy metal pollution is an inorganic chemical hazard, which is mainly caused by lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni). Five", "title": "China" }, { "id": "9835700", "text": "due to the dependency on manufacturing and heavy industries. China was predicted to continue to grow using energy-inefficient and polluting industries. While growth may continue, the rewards of this growth may be opposed by the harm from the pollution unless environmental protection is increased. A 2013 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that severe pollution during the 1990s cut five and a half (5.5) from the average life expectancy of people living in northern China, where toxic air has led to increased rates of stroke, heart disease and cancer. A 2015 study from the", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "9728221", "text": "to an increasingly problematic air pollution problem, the Chinese government announced a five-year, US$277 billion plan to address the issue. Northern China will receive particular attention, as the government aims to reduce air emissions by 25 percent by 2017, compared with 2012 levels, in those areas where pollution is especially serious. According to a report published by Greenpeace and Peking University’s School of Public Health in December 2012, the coal industry is responsible for the highest levels of air pollution (19 percent), followed by vehicle emissions (6 percent). In January 2013, fine airborne particulates that pose the largest health risks,", "title": "Environmental issues in China" }, { "id": "17720608", "text": "of thousands of polluters every year, shutting down thousands of the worse offenders, but has failed to reach its target of reducing emissions by 2 percent. In 2011, a factory manufacturing solar panels in Zhejiang province had been shut down because of toxic emissions of fluorine polluting air and water, sickening nearby residents. Air in Shanghai was reported to have strange taste – astringent and smoky, with an aftertaste of earthy bitterness. It was possible to feel the dust-like particulate matter on tongues. With such a high concentration of air pollutants, government authorities warned residents of health symptoms, such as", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "11269953", "text": "resultant from dangerous emissions from coal plants. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), linked to exposure to fine particulates, SO, and cigarette smoke among other factors, accounted for 26% of all deaths in China in 1988. A report by the World Bank in cooperation with the Chinese government found that about 750,000 people die prematurely in China each year from air pollution. Later, the government asked the researchers to soften the conclusions. Many direct deaths happen in coal mining and processing. In 2007, 1,084 out of the 3,770 workers who died were from gas blasts. Small mines (comprising 90% of all", "title": "Coal in China" }, { "id": "9835684", "text": "\"not scientific to evaluate the air quality of an area with results gathered from just only one point inside that area\", and asserted that official daily average PM2.5 figures for Beijing and Shanghai were \"almost the same with the results published by foreign embassies and consulates\". By January 2013 the pollution had worsened with official Beijing data showing an average AQI over 300 and readings of up to 700 at individual recording stations while the US Embassy recorded over 755 on 1 January and 800 by 12 January 2013. On 21 October 2013, record smog closed the Harbin Airport along", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "11269940", "text": "include arsenic, fluorine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and mercury. Health issues are caused which include severe arsenic poisoning, skeletal fluorosis (over 10 million people afflicted in China), esophageal and lung cancers, and selenium poisoning. In 2007 the use of coal and biomass (collectively referred to as solid fuels) for domestic purposes was nearly ubiquitous in rural households but declining in urban homes. At that time, estimates put the number of premature deaths due to indoor air pollution at 420,000 per year, which is even higher than due to outdoor air pollution, estimated at around 300,000 deaths per year. The specific mechanisms", "title": "Coal in China" }, { "id": "17622633", "text": "an all-time high, several northern cities are among one of the most polluted cities and has one of the worst air quality in China. Reporting on China's airpocalypse has been accompanied by what seems like a monochromatic slideshow of the country's several cities smothered in thick smog. According to a survey made by \"Global voices China\" in February 2013, China's 10 most polluted cities on the blacklist includes major Chinese cities like Beijing, Jinan, Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, and 6 other prefectural cities all in Hebei Province. These cities are all situated in traditional geographic subdivision of North China. All highways in", "title": "2013 Northeastern China smog" }, { "id": "1964263", "text": "environmental problems of China are: air pollution, water problems, soil problems, habitat destruction, biodiversity loss and mega projects. And \"China is noted for the frequency, number, extent, and damage of its natural disasters\". Many of the Chinese citizens started to wonder if air pollution is the cause of the increase of lung cancer. This question began to rise because the citizens in China must constantly wear face masks to avoid breathing in the hazardous particles from their polluted skies. Some experts agree that it is the reason, but others say there isn't enough evidence. Wang Ning, deputy director of the", "title": "Environment of China" }, { "id": "66659", "text": "winter and summer. In the winter, northern winds coming from high-latitude areas are cold and dry; in summer, southern winds from coastal areas at lower latitudes are warm and moist. The climate in China differs from region to region because of the country's highly complex topography. A major environmental issue in China is the continued expansion of its deserts, particularly the Gobi Desert. Although barrier tree lines planted since the 1970s have reduced the frequency of sandstorms, prolonged drought and poor agricultural practices have resulted in dust storms plaguing northern China each spring, which then spread to other parts of", "title": "China" }, { "id": "12255527", "text": "people. After this \"pollution shock\" air pollution became an important economic and social concern in China. After that the government of Beijing announced measures to reduce air pollution, for example by lowering the share of coal from 24% in 2012 to 10% in 2017, while the national government ordered heavily polluting vehicles to be removed from 2015 to 2017 and increased its efforts to transition the energy system to clean sources. Joint research between American and Chinese researchers in 2006 concluded that much of the city's pollution comes from surrounding cities and provinces. On average 35–60% of the ozone can", "title": "Beijing" }, { "id": "17622630", "text": "2013 Northeastern China smog A dense wave of smog began in Northeast China, especially in major cities including Harbin, Changchun and Shenyang, as well as the surrounding Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces on 20 October 2013. Unseasonably warm temperatures with very little wind across northeastern China coincided with the initiation of Northeast China's coal-powered municipal heating system. Record densities of fine particulates were measured in the city. In Harbin, the levels of PM particulate matter rose to 1,000 micrograms per cubic metre, worse than Beijing's historic highs. Visibility dropped to and authorities grounded flights and closed more than 2,000 schools.", "title": "2013 Northeastern China smog" }, { "id": "9835697", "text": "Cities in China\", \"Coal accounts for 70% of the total energy consumption, and emissions from coal combustion are the major anthropogenic contributors to air pollution in China.\" The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) also highlights the Haui River Policy established during China’s central planning period between 1950-1980. The policy provided homes and offices with free coal for winter heating, but was limited solely to the Northern region due to budget limitations. The policy led to a dramatic increase in coal consumption and production. Coal production alongside rapid economic growth has increased the emission of harmful pollutants such", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "9835686", "text": "2013. This plan aims to reduce PM2.5 by over 10% from 2012 to 2017. The most prominent government response has been in Beijing, aiming to reduce PM2.5 by 25% from 2012 to 2017. As the capital of China, it is suffering from high levels of air pollution. According to Reuters, in September 2013, the Chinese government published the plan to tackle air pollution problem on its official website. The main goal of the plan is to reduce coal consumption by closing polluting mills, factories, and smelters, and switching to other eco-friendly energy sources. These policies have been taking effect, and", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "66743", "text": "have declined from 33.1% in 1990 to 9.9% in 2010. Despite significant improvements in health and the construction of advanced medical facilities, China has several emerging public health problems, such as respiratory illnesses caused by widespread air pollution, hundreds of millions of cigarette smokers, and an increase in obesity among urban youths. China's large population and densely populated cities have led to serious disease outbreaks in recent years, such as the 2003 outbreak of SARS, although this has since been largely contained. In 2010, air pollution caused 1.2 million premature deaths in China. The government of the People's Republic of", "title": "China" }, { "id": "1852472", "text": "only Shandong city to be on this list. Other cities on the blacklist includes major Chinese cities like Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, and 6 other prefectural cities all in Hebei Province. These cities are all situated in traditional geographic subdivision of \"Huabei (North China) Region\". A dense wave of smog began in the Central and Eastern part of China on 2 December 2013 across a distance of around , including Jinan and surrounding Shandong area. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form a thick layer of smog over the", "title": "Jinan" }, { "id": "289517", "text": "to the public, while Purple Mountain is covered with deciduous and coniferous forests preserving various historical and cultural sites. Meanwhile, a Yangtze River deep-water channel is under construction to enable Nanjing to handle the navigation of 50,000 DWT vessels from the East China Sea. A dense wave of smog began in the central and east parts of China on 2 December 2013 across a distance of around , including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and Zhejiang. A lack of cold air flow, combined with slow-moving air masses carrying industrial emissions, collected airborne pollutants to form a thick layer of", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "id": "11269943", "text": "China kills 750,000 people every year, according to a study by the World Bank. Issued in response to record-high levels of air pollution in 2012 and 2013, the State Council's September 2013 Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution reiterated the need to reduce coal's share in China's energy mix to 65% by 2017. Amidst growing public concern, social unrest incidents are growing around the country. For example, in December 2011 the government suspended plans to expand a coal-fired power plant in the city of Haimen after 30,000 local residents staged a violent protest against it, because", "title": "Coal in China" }, { "id": "9835702", "text": "the local economy that is highly reliant on heavy industry. The Financial Times interviewed a worker who stated, “if this steel mill didn’t exist, we wouldn’t even have anywhere to go to eat. Everything revolves around this steel factory – our children work here.\" As of 2004: According to the National Environmental Analysis released by Tsinghua University and The Asian Development Bank in January 2013, 7 of the 10 most air polluted cities in the world are in China, including Taiyuan, Beijing, Urumqi, Lanzhou, Chongqing, Jinan and Shijiazhuang. Pollution in China Pollution in China is one aspect of the broader", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "310035", "text": "overall, the north and the Tibetan Plateau are sunnier than the south of the country. Air pollution (sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal is a major issue, along with water pollution from untreated wastes and use of debated standards of pollutant concentration rather than Total Maximum Daily Load. There are water shortages, particularly in the north. The eastern part of China often experiences smoke and dense fog in the atmosphere as a result of industrial pollution. Heavy deforestation with an estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development is occurring with resulting", "title": "Geography of China" }, { "id": "2007594", "text": "the scientists suggest that a combination of weather patterns and chemistry could have caused London fog to turn into a haze of concentrated sulfuric acid.\" Even though research findings point in this direction, the two events are not identical. In China, the combination of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide, both produced by burning coal, with a humid atmosphere, created sulfates while building up acidic conditions that, left unchanged, would have stalled the reaction. However, ammonia from agricultural activity neutralized the acid allowing sulfate production to continue. It is theorised that in 1952 in London, the nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide", "title": "Great Smog of London" }, { "id": "66664", "text": "In recent decades, China has suffered from severe environmental deterioration and pollution. While regulations such as the 1979 Environmental Protection Law are fairly stringent, they are poorly enforced, as they are frequently disregarded by local communities and government officials in favor of rapid economic development. Urban air pollution is a severe health issue in the country; the World Bank estimated in 2013 that 16 of the world's 20 most-polluted cities are located in China. And China is the country with the highest death toll because of air pollution. There are 1.14 million deaths caused by exposure to ambient air pollution.", "title": "China" }, { "id": "9835692", "text": "was described in a 2001 paper as one of the most common pediatric health problems in China. A 2006 review of existing data suggested that one-third of Chinese children suffer from elevated serum lead levels. Pollution from metal smelters and a fast-growing battery industry has been responsible for most cases of particularly high lead levels. In 2011, there were riots in the Zhejiang Haijiu Battery Factory from angry parents whose children received permanent neurological damage from lead poisoning. The central government has acknowledged the problem and has taken measures such as suspending battery factory production, but some see the response", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "9835668", "text": "threat to the environment, food safety and sustainable agriculture. 38,610 square miles (100,000 km) of China’s cultivated land have been polluted, with contaminated water being used to irrigate a further 31.5 million miles (21,670 km.) and another 2 million miles (1,300 km) have been covered or destroyed by solid waste. The affected area accounts for one-tenth of China’s cultivatable land. An estimated 6 million tonnes of grain are contaminated by heavy metals every year, causing direct losses of 29 billion yuan (US$2.57 billion). Heavy metals (including mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, nickel, chromium, and zinc) in the contaminated soil have adverse", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "11269956", "text": "blamed on failures to follow safety rules, including a lack of required ventilation or fire control equipment. Unofficial estimates often estimate death tolls at twice the official number reported by the government. Since 1949 over 250,000 coal mining deaths have been recorded. However, since 2002, the death toll is gradually declining while the coal production is rapidly rising, doubling over this same period. Source: State Administration of Work Safety In October 2008, Greenpeace, World Wildlife Fund, and The Energy Foundation published The True Cost of Coal, a report that said that by-products of coal burning such as water pollution, air", "title": "Coal in China" }, { "id": "66666", "text": "metals among them, Pb, Cr, As, Cd, and Hg, are the key heavy metal pollutants in China. Heavy metal pollutants mainly come from mining, sewage irrigation, the manufacturing of metal-containing products, and other related production activities. High level of heavy metal exposure can also cause permanent intellectual and developmental disabilities, including reading and learning disabilities, behavioral problems, hearing loss, attention problems, and disruption in the development of visual and motor function. According to the data of a national census of pollution, China has more than 1.5 million sites of heavy metals exposure. The total volume of discharged heavy metals in", "title": "China" }, { "id": "17720619", "text": "PM concentration lower than 12 µg/m indicates good air quality and between 12 and 35 µg/m the airquality is moderate. An AQI value over 300 represents hazardous air quality and below 50 the air quality is good. In December 2013, huge areas of Eastern China reached \"hazardous\" level for multiple days. 2013 Eastern China smog The 2013 Eastern China smog was a severe air pollution episode that affected East China, including all or parts of the municipalities of Shanghai and Tianjin, and the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, and Zhejiang, during December 2013. A lack of cold air", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "10812929", "text": "soil pollution, promote the improvement of the legislative system, and fully cooperate with the National People's Congress in the legislation on soil pollution control law. China's lax environmental oversight has contributed to its environmental problems. Sixteen of the world's twenty most polluted cities are found in China. Government response has been criticized as inadequate. An official report released in 2014, found that 20% of the country's farmland, and 16% of its soil overall, is polluted. An estimated 60% of the groundwater is polluted. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, China has shown great determination to \"develop, implement, and enforce", "title": "Environmental policy in China" }, { "id": "1964264", "text": "Beijing Office for Prevention and Control, says he has seen a rise in a certain cancer called adenicarcinoma, which is a mucus that is seen as a side effect from pollution. China's lung cancer rate is 32% of the entire world's lung cancer patients. Meanwhile, as lung cancer increases, gastric, esophageal, and cervical cancer have all decreased in China. Environment of China The environment of China () comprises diverse biotas, climates, and geologies. Rapid industrialization, population growth, and lax environmental oversight have caused many environmental issues and large-scale pollution. China is the 4th largest country by area, so it is", "title": "Environment of China" }, { "id": "9835687", "text": "in 2015, the average PM2.5 in 74 key cities in monitoring system is 55 μg/m, showing a 23.6% decrease as of 2013. Despite the reduction in coal consumption and polluting industries, China still maintained a stable economic growth rate from 7.7% in 2013 to 6.9% in 2015. On 20 August 2015, ahead of the 70th-anniversary celebrations of the end of World War II, the Beijing government shut down industrial facilities and reduced car emissions in order to achieve a \"Parade Blue\" sky for the occasion. This action resulted in PM2.5 concentration lower than the 35 μg/m national air quality standard,", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "74669", "text": "London smog was caused primarily by the heavy use of coal. Globally coal is estimated to cause 800,000 premature deaths every year, mostly in India and China. Breathing in coal dust causes coalworker's pneumoconiosis which is known colloquially as \"black lung\", so-called because the coal dust literally turns the lungs black from their usual pink color. In the United States alone, it is estimated that 1,500 former employees of the coal industry die every year from the effects of breathing in coal mine dust. Around 10% of coal is ash: coal ash is hazardous and toxic to human beings and", "title": "Coal" }, { "id": "1964262", "text": "caused many environmental issues, such as large-scale pollution in China. As of 2013, Beijing, which lies in a topographic bowl, has significant industry, and heats with coal, is subject to air inversions resulting in extremely high levels of pollution in winter months. In January 2013, fine airborne particulates that pose the largest health risks, rose as high as 993 micrograms per cubic meter in Beijing, compared with World Health Organization guidelines of no more than 25. The World Bank estimates that 16 of the world's most-polluted cities are located in China. According to Jared Diamond, the six main categories of", "title": "Environment of China" }, { "id": "17622636", "text": "25 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³). On the morning of 23 October, PM measurements in Harbin had fallen to an average of 123 µg/m³. 2013 Northeastern China smog A dense wave of smog began in Northeast China, especially in major cities including Harbin, Changchun and Shenyang, as well as the surrounding Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces on 20 October 2013. Unseasonably warm temperatures with very little wind across northeastern China coincided with the initiation of Northeast China's coal-powered municipal heating system. Record densities of fine particulates were measured in the city. In Harbin, the levels of PM particulate matter rose", "title": "2013 Northeastern China smog" }, { "id": "9835673", "text": "China's pollution problem, the New York Times stated that \"Environmental degradation is now so severe, with such stark domestic and international repercussions, that pollution poses not only a major long-term burden on the Chinese public but also an acute political challenge to the ruling Communist Party.\" The article's main points included: A draft of a 2007 combined World Bank and SEPA report stated that up to 760,000 people died prematurely each year in China because of air and water pollution. High levels of air pollution in China's cities caused to 350,000-400,000 premature deaths. Another 300,000 died because of indoor air", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "627021", "text": "emissions to form photochemical smog. Smog is also caused by large amounts of coal burning, which creates a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide. World coal consumption was about 6,743,786,000 short tons in 2006 and is expected to increase 48% to 9.98 billion short tons by 2030. China produced 2.38 billion tons in 2006. India produced about 447.3 million tons in 2006. 68.7% of China's electricity comes from coal. The USA consumes about 14% of the world total, using 90% of it for generation of electricity. The sheer size and complexity of megacities gives rise to enormous social and environmental", "title": "Megacity" }, { "id": "682259", "text": "becoming a substantial health issue, at least compared to cities in southeast Asia and industrial China. However, smog is extremely common and there is poor visibility throughout the city after rain-less days. Motor vehicle engine exhaust, particularly from motor scooters, is a source of air pollution in Taipei. There are higher levels of fine particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mornings because of less air movement; sunlight reduces some pollution. Occasionally, dust storms from Mainland China can temporarily bring extremely poor air quality to the city. Taipei City is home to 2,704,810 people (2015), while the metropolitan area", "title": "Taipei" }, { "id": "2007593", "text": "gas fires), or for those who preferred, to burn coke instead which produces minimal smoke. Central heating (using gas, electricity, oil or permitted solid fuel) was rare in most dwellings at that time, not finding favour until the late 1960s onwards. Despite improvements, insufficient progress had been made to prevent one further smog event approximately ten years later, in early December 1962. Atmospheric scientists at Texas A&M University investigating the haze of polluted air in Beijing realized their research led to a possible cause for the London event in 1952. \"By examining conditions in China and experimenting in a lab,", "title": "Great Smog of London" }, { "id": "9728220", "text": "cumulative largest. China has ratified the Kyoto Protocol, but as a non-Annex I country is not required to limit greenhouse gas emissions under terms of the agreement. Various forms of pollution have increased as China have industrialized which has caused widespread environmental and health problems. China has responded with increasing environmental regulations and a build-up of pollutant treatment infrastructure which have caused improvements on some variables. As of 2013 Beijing, which lies in a topographic bowl, has significant industry, and heats with coal, is subject to air inversions resulting in extremely high levels of pollution in winter months. In response", "title": "Environmental issues in China" }, { "id": "12255534", "text": "was later changed to \"beyond index\". On 8 and 9 December 2015 Beijing had its first smog alert which shut down a majority of the industry and other commercial businesses in the city. Later in the month another smog \"red alert\" was issued. According to Beijing's environmental protection bureau's announcement in November 2016, starting from 2017 highly polluting old cars wil be banned from being driven whenever Smog \"red alerts\" are issued in the city or neighboring regions. Due to Beijing's high-level of air pollution, there are various readings by different sources on the subject. Daily pollution readings at 27", "title": "Beijing" }, { "id": "289519", "text": "issued a red alert for air pollution and closed down all kindergarten through middle schools. Children's Hospital outpatient services increased by 33 percent; general incidence of bronchitis, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections significantly increased. The smog dissipated 12 December. Officials blamed the dense pollution on lack of wind, automobile exhaust emissions under low air pressure, and coal-powered district heating system in north China. Prevailing winds blew low-hanging air masses of factory emissions (mostly SO) towards China's east coast. At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is \"People's Government of Nanjing City\" and the city is under the", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "id": "13139022", "text": "Chinese drywall \"Chinese drywall\" refers to an environmental health issue involving defective drywall manufactured in China, imported to the United States and used in residential construction between 2001 and 2009 — affecting \"an estimated 100,000 homes in more than 20 states.\" In samples of contaminated drywall, laboratory tests will detect off-gassing of volatile chemicals and sulfurous gases — including carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide, and hydrogen sulfide. The emissions worsen as temperature and humidity rise, will give off a sulfuric (rotten egg) odor and will cause copper surfaces to turn black and powdery, a chemical process indicative of a hydrogen sulfide", "title": "Chinese drywall" }, { "id": "17720609", "text": "coughing and headaches. Citizens were advised to wear protective masks and use air purifiers. Many sanitation workers were required to wear dust masks during work early in the morning. Schools were closed as the government ordered children to stay indoors, and reduce outdoor activities as much as possible. Construction work was halted and authorities pulled nearly one-third of government vehicles from the roads. A majority of inbound flights were cancelled and more than 50 flights were diverted at Shanghai Pudong International Airport. The heavy smog greatly polluted central and southern Jiangsu Province, especially around Nanjing, capital of East China's Jiangsu", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "12709090", "text": "the development of clean technologies. Laws implemented in response to environmental concerns vary by nation (see List of environmental laws by country). China's environmental ills include acid rain, severe smog, and a reliance on coal-burning for energy. China has instated environmental policies since the 1970s, and has one of the most extensive environmental conservation programs on paper. However, regulation and enforcement by the central government in Beijing are weak, so solutions are decentralized. Wealthier provinces are far more effective in their preservation and sustainable development efforts than poorer regions. China therefore provides an example of the consequences of environmental damage", "title": "Environmental politics" }, { "id": "17622635", "text": "parents of the students and public. Other cities in the surrounding Jilin province, including Jilin, Songyuan and Fuyu, ordered to close the schools on 22 October. Daily particulate levels of more than 40 times the World Health Organization recommended maximum level were reported in parts of Harbin municipality. The smog remained as of 23 October, when \"almost all monitoring stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces reported readings above 200 [µg/m³] for PM2.5\". PM is the amount of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter in the air, with the World Health Organization recommending a maximum 24-hour mean of", "title": "2013 Northeastern China smog" }, { "id": "9451595", "text": "Water Division Project, who manages the water quality of the Haui River Basin, are still in their developing stages and have struggled to maintain a balance between industrialization and water quality due to the rate of China's growing industrial activities. Pollutants emitted into the air and water by China's rapid industrialization has brought major health concerns. The anthropogenic activities in China have decreased food safety and antibiotic resistance and have increased resurging infectious diseases. Air pollution, alone, is directly linked to increased risk of lung cancer, breast cancer, and bladder cancer and has led to more than 1.3 million premature", "title": "Chinese industrialization" }, { "id": "2675807", "text": "the area receives 2,600−2,900 hours of sunshine annually. As air pollution in China is at an all-time high, several Hebei cities are among the most polluted in the country and Tangshan has some of the worst air quality in China. Reporting on China's airpocalypse has been accompanied by what seems like a monochromatic slideshow of the country's several cities smothered in thick smog. According to a survey made by \"Global voices China\" in February 2013, 7 cities in Hebei including Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Handan, Langfang, Hengshui and Tangshan, are among China's 10 most polluted cities. Tangshan is an important heavy", "title": "Tangshan" }, { "id": "9728219", "text": "\"poor stepchild\" of the Chinese environmental movement, and questioned whether or not recent measures from the Ministry of Environmental Protection would be adequate in combating the problem. In her 2004 book \"The River Runs Black\", she wrote, \"China's spectacular economic growth over the past two decades has dramatically depleted the country's natural resources and produced skyrocketing rates of pollution. Environmental degradation has also contributed to significant public health problems, mass migration, economic loss, and social unrest.\" The position of the Chinese government on climate change is contentious. China is the world's current largest emitter of carbon dioxide although not the", "title": "Environmental issues in China" }, { "id": "10812927", "text": "Pollution Survey Bulletin promulgated by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China in 2014, the total national soil exceedance rate (the percentage that exceeds the upper limit value) was 16.1%, of which slight, slight, moderate and heavy degree of pollution spot is 11.2%, 2.3%, 1.5% and 1.1%, respectively. From the point of view of pollution distribution, soil pollution in the south is heavier than in the north. The soil pollution problems in some regions such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the old industrial base in Northeast China are more severe. The soil in the southwest", "title": "Environmental policy in China" }, { "id": "9728209", "text": "Environmental issues in China Environmental issues in China are plentiful, severely affecting the country's biophysical environment and human health. Rapid industrialisation, as well as lax environmental oversight, are main contributors to these problems. The Chinese government has acknowledged the problems and made various responses, resulting in some improvements, but the responses have been criticized as inadequate. In recent years, there has been increased citizens' activism against government decisions that are perceived as environmentally damaging, and a retired Chinese Communist Party official has reported that the year of 2012 saw over 50,000 environmental protests in China. The Center for American Progress", "title": "Environmental issues in China" }, { "id": "17720618", "text": "pollutant level increases. More than 1,300 kinds of microorganisms have been detected on PM particles. Because PM particles have relatively large surface area, many microorganisms from the soil easily attach to them, spreading them quickly through wind. For example, scientists detected that \"Aspergillus fumigatus\" var. \"fumigatus\", a fungus which triggers allergic reactions in the respiratory system, are 1% to 8% of microorganisms found on PM particles. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed an Air Quality Index that is used to report air quality. This AQI is divided into six categories indicating increasing levels of health concern. A", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "9728214", "text": "quality pollution. An increasing population and rapid economic growth as well as lax environmental oversight have increased water demand and pollution. China has responded by measures such as rapidly building out the water infrastructure and increased regulation as well as exploring a number of further technological solutions. Water usage by its coal-fired power stations is drying-up Northern China. According to Chinese government in 2014 59.6% of groundwater sites are poor or extremely poor quality. A 2016 research study indicated that China’s water contains dangerous amounts of the cancer-causing agent nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). In China, NDMA is thought to be a byproduct", "title": "Environmental issues in China" }, { "id": "12255535", "text": "monitoring stations around the city are reported on the website of the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau (BJEPB). The American Embassy of Beijing also reports hourly fine particulate (PM2.5) and ozone levels on Twitter. Since the BJEPB and US Embassy measure different pollutants according to different criteria, the pollution levels and the impact to human health reported by the BJEPB are often lower than that reported by the US Embassy. The smog is causing all kinds of harm and putting the public in general danger. The air pollution does directly result in significant impact on the mobility rate of cardiovascular disease", "title": "Beijing" }, { "id": "9835701", "text": "non-profit organization Berkeley Earth estimated that 1.6 million people in China die each year from heart, lung and stroke problems because of polluted air. Critics point to the government’s lack of willingness to protect the environment as a common problem with China’s environmental policies. Even in the case of the latest plan, experts are skeptical about its actual influence because of the existence of loopholes. This is because economic growth is still the primary issue for the government, and overrides environmental protection. However, if the measures to cut coal usage were applied strictly, it would also mean the dismantling of", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "12234721", "text": "from 1951 to 2017, exceeding the global ground average temperature increase rate. The average precipitation of China was 641.3 mm in 2017, 1.8% more than average precipitation of previous years. The sea level rise was 3.3mm/year from 1980 to 2017. There was an annual increase in concentrations of carbon dioxide from 1990 to 2016. The annual mean concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in the Wanliguan Station were 404.4 ppm, 1907 ppb and 329.7 ppb separately in 2016, slightly higher than the global mean concentration in 2016. According to the 2016 Chinese Statistical Yearbook published by China's", "title": "Climate change in China" }, { "id": "9835672", "text": "much electronic waste is still improperly handled. In 1997, the World Bank issued a report targeting China's policy towards industrial pollution. The report stated that \"hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and incidents of serious respiratory illness have been caused by exposure to industrial air pollution. Seriously contaminated by industrial discharges, many of China's waterways are largely unfit for direct human use\". However, the report did acknowledge that environmental regulations and industrial reforms had had some effect. It was determined that continued environmental reforms were likely to have a large effect on reducing industrial pollution. In a 2007 article about", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "17048089", "text": "sometimes reported to the police in Beijing by neighbors who complain about the smoke and aroma that gets into homes, as well as about concerns about food poisoning that can occur from improper meat handling and cooking. In 2013, outdoor barbecue stands were banned due to heavy smog conditions. Chinese authorities have stated that shaokao operations and Chunjie fireworks are a significant cause of smog in Beijing. Shaokao Shaokao (Chinese: , \" shāo kǎo\"), also romanized as shao kao, is the Chinese translation of \"barbecue\". Chinese variants of the practice constitute a significant aspect of Chinese cuisine. In China, it", "title": "Shaokao" }, { "id": "16520604", "text": "Air pollution in India Air pollution in India is a serious issue with the major sources being fuelwood and biomass burning, fuel adulteration, vehicle emission and traffic congestion. In autumn and winter months, large scale crop residue burning in agriculture fields – a low cost alternative to mechanical tilling – is a major source of smoke, smog and particulate pollution. India has a low per capita emissions of greenhouse gases but the country as a whole is the third largest after China and the United States. A 2013 study on non-smokers has found that Indians have 30% lower lung function", "title": "Air pollution in India" }, { "id": "359767", "text": "Valley, because of a meteorological effect called inversion which decreases air dispersion and leads to smog concentration. For the past few years, cities in northern India have been covered in a thick layer of winter smog. The situation has turned quite drastic in the National Capital, Delhi. This smog is caused by the collection of Particulate Matter (a very fine type of dust and toxic gases) in the air due to stagnant movement of air during winters. Delhi is the most polluted city in the world and according to one estimate, air pollution causes the death of about 10,500 people", "title": "Smog" }, { "id": "9835695", "text": "than their alternatives, or are unintentionally produced and then released into the environment to save on treatment costs. The Yellow dust or Asian dust is a seasonal dust cloud which affects Northeast Asia during late winter and springtime. The dust originates in the deserts of Mongolia, northern China and Kazakhstan where high-speed surface winds and intense dust storms kick up dense clouds of fine, dry soil particles. These clouds are then carried eastward by prevailing winds and pass over Northern China into Korea and Japan. Desertification has intensified in China. 1,740,000 square kilometres of land is classified as \"dry\", and", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "359784", "text": "visible results. Coal-fired ger stoves release high levels of ash and other particulate matter (PM). When inhaled, these particles can settle in the lungs and respiratory tract and cause health problems. At two to 10 times above Mongolian and international air quality standards, Ulaanbaatar's PM rates are among the worst in the world, according to a December 2009 World Bank report. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates that health costs related to this air pollution account for as much as 4 percent of Mongolia's GDP. Smog is a regular problem in Southeast Asia caused by land and forest fires in", "title": "Smog" }, { "id": "19723616", "text": "differ from the September11 pollution in significant ways that limit their usefulness as a point of comparison. Prior New York City smog events were chronic, cumulative, and caused by thousands of small sources, while the air impact of the September was sudden, intense, and the result of a single culpable source. The absence of prior events similar to the September11 attacks left \"a hole in the medical library,\" and presented medical experts with a challenge in the absence of \"hard knowledge about the health consequences of intense brief pollution.\" Other major air pollution, particularly in China, has been compared to", "title": "1966 New York City smog" }, { "id": "17720616", "text": "of PM pollutants in winter. Pollution from China has already affected other countries, and some ozone-forming particles have travelled across the Pacific Ocean to the United States, contributing to a relatively high level of ozone on the American West Coast. While these particles, along with other ozone-related chemicals, can be carried up to 30,000 feet above the ground, researchers in the United States predict that these pollutants may play a bigger role in the near future. Scientists are still trying to understand the microorganisms within PM particles and how they are spread through pollutants. Research indicated that many kinds of", "title": "2013 Eastern China smog" }, { "id": "17185684", "text": "a \"New York Times\" article and adopted by Xi Jinping. Pollution and food safety are popular concerns in China. Cities are frequently covered by smog and the country's rivers are polluted with industrial waste. China's rising middle class is expected to increase by 500 million people by 2025 and will continue to put a strain on the country's dwindling resources. According to Liu, the Chinese Dream of sustainability can be achieved through the promotion of green technologies and the reduction of widespread conspicuous consumption. China's high growth has caused widespread environmental damage, and without environmental reforms, the deterioration could threaten", "title": "Chinese Dream" }, { "id": "20070077", "text": "Protection Administration's (EPA) Department of Environmental Monitoring and Information Management, it was reported that stations in Yunlin, Chiayi and Greater Tainan often had the worst pollution concentrations. According to the EPA Department's Deputy Director Chang Shuenn-chin (張順欽) this is caused by fugitive dust at riverbanks during the low-flow season of winter. These particles — suspended in the air by wind action and human activities — can be stirred up by the strong northeastern winds occurring in winter, also known as the northeastern monsoon. As such, wind speeds exceeding three meters per second are likely to cause gusts of fugitive dust", "title": "Air pollution in Taiwan" }, { "id": "1852471", "text": "Also according to this report, 7 of 10 most air polluted cities are in China, including Taiyuan, Beijing, Urumqi, Lanzhou, Chongqing, Jinan and Shijiazhuang. As air pollution in China is at an all-time high, several northern cities are among the most polluted cities and has one of the worst air quality in China. Reporting on China's air quality has been accompanied by what seems like a monochromatic slideshow of the country's several cities smothered in thick smog. According to a survey made by \"Global voices China\" in February 2013, Jinan is among China's 10 most polluted cities, and is the", "title": "Jinan" }, { "id": "9835685", "text": "with all schools in the area. Daily particulate levels of more than 50 times the World Health Organization recommended daily level were reported in parts of the municipality. In 2016, Beijing's yearly-average PM2.5 was 73 μg/m, 9.9% improvement compared to 2015. In total, 39 severely polluted days were recorded, 5 fewer compared to 2015. In an attempt to reduce air pollution, the Chinese government has made the decision to enforce stricter regulations. After record-high air pollution in northern China in 2012 and 2013, the State Council issued an Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in September", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "20037540", "text": "pollution is the biggest environmental cause of cardiopulmonary disease in the country. The Asian countries are looking to research environmental factors to better understand how it affects health. China's mines have produced heavy metal polluted soils that pose a risk to human health. Those living around the area of the mines are especially at risk of the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of the soil. The main dangers come from sewage irrigation, sludge application, mining, and smelting operations. This pollution affects the human body by harming the nervous, skeletal, circulatory, enzymatic, endocrine, and immune system. More chronic effects can include cancer,", "title": "Environmental health policy" }, { "id": "9835674", "text": "of poor quality. There were 60,000 premature deaths each year because of water of poor quality. Chinese officials asked that some of the results should not be published in order to avoid social unrest. China has made some improvements in environmental protection during recent years. According to the World Bank, 'China is one of a few countries in the world that have been rapidly increasing their forest cover. It is managing to reduce air and water pollution. Vennemo \"et al.\", in a 2009 literature review in \"Review of Environmental Economics and Policy\", noted the wide discrepancy between the reassuring view", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "9728228", "text": "move forward. In September 2009, the first comprehensive Animal protection law of the People's Republic of China was introduced, but it hasn't made any progress. According to Jared Diamond, the six main categories of environmental problems of China are: air pollution, water problems, soil problems, habitat destruction, biodiversity loss and mega projects. He also explain that \"China is noted for the frequency, number, extent, and damage of its natural disasters\". Some natural disasters in China are \"closely related to human environmental impacts\", especially: dust storms, landslides, droughts and floods. Protests commenced in the southern town of Yinggehai in April 2012", "title": "Environmental issues in China" }, { "id": "10812925", "text": "government is also actively promoting renewable energy vehicles with an annual production of 390,000, four times more than the production in 2014. Soil pollution problems, which is the land surface degradation caused by the abuse of resources and land caused by human activities, together with corresponding protection measures in China have occurred in recent decades. In total, nearly 16.1% 0f China's soil was polluted. These pollutions have caused a serious impact on the growth of crops and the health of the people. In terms of related policies, the Chinese government decided to draw on the successful examples of other countries", "title": "Environmental policy in China" }, { "id": "1291968", "text": "sunshine annually. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from on 6 January 1955 to on 27 July 2017. Air quality typically diminishes in May and June when the city is blanketed by smog caused by the smoke generated as farmers outside the city burn their fields in preparation for planting the next crop. A dense wave of smog began in Hefei surrounding Anhui as well as other Chinese major cities including Shanghai and Tianjin. The majority of the population in Hefei are Han Chinese. There are a comparatively small number of Hui Chinese living in the city, for whom a few", "title": "Hefei" }, { "id": "9835675", "text": "in some Chinese official publications and the exclusively negative view in some Western sources. The review stated that \"although China is starting from a point of grave pollution, it is setting priorities and making progress that resemble what occurred in industrialized countries during their earlier stages of development.\" Environmental trends were described as uneven. A quality of surface water in the south of China was improving and particle emissions were stable. But NO emissions were increasing rapidly and SO emissions had been increasing before decreasing in 2007, the last year for which data was available. Conventional approaches to air quality", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "9835688", "text": "according to data from Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Monitoring Centre (BMEMC). The restrictions resulted in an average Beijing PM2.5 concentration of 19.5 μg/m, the lowest that had ever been on record in the capital. China’s strategy has been largely focusing on the development of other energy sources such as nuclear, hydro and compressed natural gas. The latest plan entails closing the outdated capacity of the industrial sectors like iron, steel, aluminum and cement and increasing nuclear capacity and other non-fossil fuel energy. It also includes an intention to stop approving new thermal power plants and to cut coal consumption in", "title": "Pollution in China" }, { "id": "1433425", "text": "mainland China, the air quality of Hainan is far higher since it strays away from factory pollution, which has plagued the air on the mainland. Throughout 2012, Hainan had the highest air quality in the country for 351 days. The provincial government's environmental protection campaign has taken action against a number of industrial plants. During 2012, several outdated manufacturing facilities had their business licenses revoked, and 175 cases related to illegal sewage discharge were handled. Total sulfur dioxide emissions for the province were 34,000 tons in 2012, a 3 percent year-on-year reduction. In 2011, smog emissions were reduced 6.3 percent", "title": "Hainan" } ]

[ "Los Angeles Dodgers", "Houston Astros" ]

[ { "id": "19533451", "text": "2017 World Series The 2017 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2017 season. The 113th edition of the World Series, it was played between October 24 and November 1. The series was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers and the American League (AL) champion Houston Astros. It was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the \"2017 World Series presented by YouTube TV\". The Astros defeated the Dodgers, four games to three, to win their first World Series in franchise history, also becoming the", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "19720527", "text": "2017 Major League Baseball season The 2017 Major League Baseball season began on April 2, 2017 with three games, including the 2016 World Series champions Chicago Cubs facing off against the St. Louis Cardinals, and ended on October 1. The postseason began on October 3. The 2017 World Series began October 24 and Game 7 was played on November 1, in which the Houston Astros defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers, 5–1, to capture their first World Series championship in franchise history. The 88th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 11 at Marlins Park, the home of the", "title": "2017 Major League Baseball season" }, { "id": "20401067", "text": "2018 Houston Astros season The 2018 Houston Astros season was the 57th season for the Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise in Houston, their 54th as the Astros, sixth in both the American League (AL) and AL West division, and 19th at Minute Maid Park. The Astros were the defending World Series champions, having won the 2017 World Series four games to three over the Los Angeles Dodgers. Houston began the season March 29 against the Texas Rangers and finished the season on September 30 against the Baltimore Orioles. They repeated as American League West champions and swept the Cleveland Indians", "title": "2018 Houston Astros season" }, { "id": "20830059", "text": "2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games to win their fourth World Series title in", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "20830090", "text": "House, on a yet to be determined date. 2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in 1916. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "13544743", "text": "then each league has conducted a championship series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance. As of 2018, the World Series has been contested 114 times, with the AL winning 66 and the NL winning 48. The 2018 World Series took place between the Los Angeles Dodgers and Boston Red Sox from October 23-28, with the Red Sox winning in five games to earn their ninth title. This was the first World Series meeting between these two teams since 1916. Having previously lost to the Houston Astros in the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers", "title": "World Series" }, { "id": "19533455", "text": "regular season. The Dodgers held a 91–36 record through August 25 and ended the season with a 104–58 record. They won their fifth consecutive National League West title and home field advantage throughout the playoffs as the overall #1 seed. In the postseason, the Dodgers swept the 4th-seeded Arizona Diamondbacks in the National League Division Series and then defeated the number 3 seed and defending World Series champion Chicago Cubs in the previous year's rematch of the National League Championship Series in five games. This was the first appearance in the Fall Classic for the Dodgers since 1988, the tenth", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "20830071", "text": "the fifth inning after relieving Sale, got the win, while Kershaw took the loss for Los Angeles. Game 2 featured another matchup of left-handed pitchers; Boston started David Price, who got the win in Game 5 of the 2018 American League Championship Series, while Los Angeles started Hyun-jin Ryu, who took the loss in Game 6 of the 2018 National League Championship Series. The Red Sox again scored first, this time in the second inning, when Xander Bogaerts doubled and then scored on a single by Ian Kinsler. The Dodgers loaded the bases in the fourth inning and David Freese", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "20911782", "text": "All-Star break will be July 8–11, with the All-Star Game being played on July 9 at Progressive Field in Cleveland. The Los Angeles Dodgers, whom Boston defeated in the 2018 World Series, will visit Fenway for a three-game series in July. The regular season will conclude on September 29, with a home game against the Baltimore Orioles. 2019 Boston Red Sox season The 2019 Boston Red Sox season will be the 119th season in the team's history, and their 108th season at Fenway Park. The Red Sox will enter the season as reigning World Series champions. \"Truck Day\"—when equipment for", "title": "2019 Boston Red Sox season" }, { "id": "20282487", "text": "2018 Major League Baseball season The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018. The regular season ended on October 1, extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West divisions. The postseason began on October 2. The 2018 World Series began on October 23, and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship. The 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park, the home of", "title": "2018 Major League Baseball season" }, { "id": "13544793", "text": "is awarded to the league champion team with the better regular season win-loss record. If both league champions have the same record, the second tie-breaker would be head-to-head record, and if that does not resolve it, the third tie-breaker would be best divisional record. The Houston Astros won the 2017 World Series in 7 games against the Los Angeles Dodgers on November 1, 2017, winning their first World Series since their creation in 1962. The Boston Red Sox won the 2018 World Series, beating the Los Angeles Dodgers in 5 games for their fourth title since 2004. American League (AL)", "title": "World Series" }, { "id": "20768535", "text": "tiebreakers. The first ever such meeting was the 2018 National League Wild Card Game in which the Rockies defeated the Cubs and the second was the NLDS in which the Brewers defeated the Rockies. The 2018 NLCS winner will become the first tiebreaker team since the 2007 Colorado Rockies to reach the World Series. Los Angeles was 4–3 in their seven games against Milwaukee during this year's regular season. For the 2018 regular season. Brewers announcer and former MLB player Bob Uecker threw the ceremonial first pitch. Clayton Kershaw started game one for the Dodgers, while Gio González started for", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "19905097", "text": "2017 World Series of Poker The 2017 World Series of Poker was the 48th annual World Series of Poker (WSOP). It took place from May 30-July 17 at the Rio All-Suite Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. There was a record 74 bracelet events including the third edition of the $565 Colossus tournament and the $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event, which began on July 8. The Main Event was streamed live on ESPN2 and Poker Central beginning on July 8 and ran throughout the tournament. For the first time since 2007, the Main Event concluded in July; for", "title": "2017 World Series of Poker" }, { "id": "19533484", "text": "the 2016 World Series. For the second straight year, a World Series game, Game 5, beat out \"NBC Sunday Night Football\" in ratings. ESPN Radio broadcast the series nationally in English, with Dan Shulman providing the play-by-play and Aaron Boone serving as color analyst. Tim Kurkjian and Buster Olney served as reporters for the network, while Marc Kestecher hosted the pre-game and post-game coverage along with analyst Chris Singleton. The ESPN Radio coverage was carried on affiliated stations throughout the United States and Canada, as well as online at ESPN.com and via the ESPN mobile app. Spanish-language coverage was provided", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "20822466", "text": "2019 Major League Baseball season The 2019 Major League Baseball season will begin on March 20 and is scheduled to end on September 29. The postseason will begin on October 1. The World Series is set to begin on October 22 and a potential Game 7 will be played on October 30 if necessary. The entire schedule was released on August 22, 2018. The 90th Major League Baseball All-Star Game will be held on July 9 at Progressive Field, home of the Cleveland Indians. As has been the case since 2013, teams were scheduled to play 19 against each division", "title": "2019 Major League Baseball season" }, { "id": "19766133", "text": "cruised to an 11–1 win and a trip to their first World Series since 1988. Chris Taylor and Justin Turner were voted co-MVPs of the series. The Dodgers bullpen set a record with 23 consecutive scoreless innings in the post-season from game two of the NLDS through the completion of the NLCS. The Dodgers faced the Houston Astros in the World Series, their first appearance in the series since they won in 1988. Clayton Kershaw started Game 1 for the Dodgers, while Dallas Keuchel started for the Astros. The temperature at the start of the game was , which made", "title": "2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season" }, { "id": "19765787", "text": "2017 Chicago Cubs season The 2017 Chicago Cubs season was the 146th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 142nd in the National League and the Cubs' 102nd season at Wrigley Field. The Cubs were the defending World Series champions, having defeated the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series. The Cubs were managed by Joe Maddon, in his third year as Cubs manager, and played their home games at Wrigley Field as members of the National League Central Division. The Cubs began the season on April 2, 2017 at the St. Louis Cardinals and finished the regular season October", "title": "2017 Chicago Cubs season" }, { "id": "20282504", "text": "regular season games were broadcast exclusively in the United States on Facebook Watch, beginning with the April 4 game between the New York Mets and Philadelphia Phillies. 2018 Major League Baseball season The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018. The regular season ended on October 1, extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West divisions. The postseason began on October 2. The 2018 World Series began on October 23, and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in", "title": "2018 Major League Baseball season" }, { "id": "20830065", "text": "an 11 game stretch in mid-August, the Dodgers made the playoffs for the sixth straight year by winning the division in a Game 163 over the Rockies. At the July trade deadline, the team traded for All-Star shortstop Manny Machado from the Orioles to replace injured shortstop Corey Seager and a former All-Star second baseman Brian Dozier from the Twins. In August, the Dodgers acquired former World Series MVP David Freese from the Pirates. For the second year in a row, the Dodgers broke their franchise record for most team home runs in a season. With a record, the team", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "20768490", "text": "2018 American League Championship Series The 2018 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven series pitting the Houston Astros against the Boston Red Sox, for the American League (AL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series. The series was played in a 2-3-2 format, with the first two and last two (if necessary) games played at the home ballpark of the higher seeded team. The series was the 49th in league history, with TBS televising all games in the United States. The Red Sox defeated the Astros, four games to one. For the second year in", "title": "2018 American League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20012297", "text": "2017 National League Championship Series The 2017 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Chicago Cubs for the National League pennant and the right to play in the 2017 World Series. The series was a rematch of the 2016 NLCS, which Chicago won four games to two en route to their first World Series victory since 1908. This was just the 10th time two teams have met in at least two straight League Championship Series, which have existed since divisional play began in 1969. The Dodgers beat the Cubs in five games", "title": "2017 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "19533483", "text": "United States, with Joe Buck serving as the play-by-play announcer, along with John Smoltz as color commentator and Ken Rosenthal and Tom Verducci as field reporters. For Fox Deportes, Rolando Nichols provided play-by-play while Carlos Álvarez and Edgar Gonzalez provided color commentary. Kevin Burkhardt hosted the pregame shows, joined by analysts Keith Hernandez, David Ortiz, Alex Rodriguez, and Frank Thomas. Outside the United States, MLB International televised the series, with Matt Vasgersian on play-by-play and Buck Martinez doing color commentary. According to Nielsen ratings, this series was the third highest rated since 2005, trailing only the 2009 World Series and", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "20012310", "text": "since 1988. Chris Taylor and Justin Turner were voted co-MVPs of the series. This was the third straight year the National League pennant winning team clinched at Wrigley Field. The Dodgers +20 run differential for the entire series is tied for the fourth largest in a postseason series. 2017 NLCS (4–1): Los Angeles Dodgers beat Chicago Cubs 2017 National League Championship Series The 2017 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Chicago Cubs for the National League pennant and the right to play in the 2017 World Series. The series was a", "title": "2017 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20830066", "text": "entered the playoffs as a second seed and went on to beat the Atlanta Braves in four games in the 2018 National League Division Series and the Milwaukee Brewers in seven games in the 2018 National League Championship Series, becoming the first team in either league to win Game 7 of a League Championship Series on the road since the 2006 Cardinals. The 2018 Dodgers were the first team to make the World Series by winning their tie-breaker game since the 2007 Colorado Rockies, who also faced Boston in that World Series. This was the Dodgers' fifth back-to-back World Series", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "6829710", "text": "the Philadelphia Eagles beat the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX. The 2018 NFL season schedule was released in April. NBC's first telecast of the season was on September 6, 2018 featured the Super Bowl Champion Philadelphia Eagles defeating the Atlanta Falcons. For the ninth season in a row, the NFL placed a game against a World Series game, with the New Orleans Saints against the Minnesota Vikings, going up against the fifth (and final) game of the Fall Classic, between the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Boston Red Sox. This will also be the first", "title": "NBC Sunday Night Football" }, { "id": "18163657", "text": "season, he was optioned back to the minors the next day. On April 25, 2016, he was promoted back to the major leagues. In 2017, Feliz made 46 appearances finishing with a 4–2 record and a 5.63 ERA. The Astros finished 2017 with a 101–61 record, and eventually won the 2017 World Series, the first time they won the series. Feliz was negated from postseason action, but was still on the 40-man roster at the time, giving him his first championship. On January 13, 2018, the Astros traded Feliz, along with Joe Musgrove, Colin Moran and Jason Martin, to the", "title": "Michael Feliz" }, { "id": "20105822", "text": "2017 American League Championship Series The 2017 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Houston Astros against the New York Yankees for the American League pennant and the right to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in 7 games after falling behind 3 games to 2. The home team won every game in the series. This was the first time in history that the ALCS and NLCS teams were from the four most populous U.S. cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. For the first time, Major", "title": "2017 American League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20822475", "text": "the American League Division Series. Fox and FS1 will televise the American League Championship Series. The World Series will air exclusively on Fox for the 20th consecutive year. 2019 Major League Baseball season The 2019 Major League Baseball season will begin on March 20 and is scheduled to end on September 29. The postseason will begin on October 1. The World Series is set to begin on October 22 and a potential Game 7 will be played on October 30 if necessary. The entire schedule was released on August 22, 2018. The 90th Major League Baseball All-Star Game will be", "title": "2019 Major League Baseball season" }, { "id": "20401143", "text": "Colorado and the most ever at Dodger Stadium. The Houston Astros came to town next, for a rematch of the two teams that played in the 2017 World Series. Justin Verlander struck out 14 batters in 7 innings while only allowing four hits as the Astros took the opener 2–1. The Astros scored four times in the sixth and seven times in the eighth to route the Dodgers 14–0 in the following game. RBI doubles by Bellinger and Dozier helped the Dodgers salvage the last game of the series, 3–2. The Dodgers traveled to Oakland Coliseum to play the Oakland", "title": "2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season" }, { "id": "17799737", "text": "his first career postseason home run, off Héctor Rondón of the Chicago Cubs, in Game 1 of the 2017 National League Championship Series (NLCS). Taylor and Justin Turner were selected as the co-MVPs of the NLCS. On October 24, Taylor hit a home run on the first pitch by Astros' pitcher Dallas Keuchel to begin Game 1 of the 2017 World Series. Overall, in the 2017 post-season, Taylor hit .254 with three home runs and seven RBI in 15 games as the Dodgers lost the World Series in seven games. On September 10, 2018, he was selected as one of", "title": "Chris Taylor (baseball)" }, { "id": "19533467", "text": "home run. He stretched the sides of his eyes and mouthing the Spanish word \"chinito\", which translates to \"little Chinese Boy\"; Darvish is from Japan. Gurriel apologized, and said that anyone from Asia is called a \"chino\" in Cuba, although he acknowledged knowing that the term was offensive in Japan from having played there. As a result, Rob Manfred, the Commissioner of Baseball, suspended Gurriel for the first five games of the 2018 MLB season without pay, but allowed him to continue playing in the World Series. The starting pitchers for Game 4 were Alex Wood for the Dodgers and", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "183873", "text": "American League Championship Series against the New York Yankees. The Astros won the ALCS four games to three, and advanced to the World Series to play against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Astros defeated the Dodgers in the deciding seventh game of the World Series, winning the first championship in franchise history. The city of Houston celebrated the team's accomplishment with a parade on the afternoon of November 3, 2017. Houston's Independent School District gave the students and teachers the day off to watch the parade. On November 16, 2017 José Altuve was named the American League Most Valuable Player,", "title": "Houston Astros" }, { "id": "12355291", "text": "Series. The Cubs won Game 7 of the series 8–7 in 10 innings, giving them their first World Series title after a 108-year drought. On January 13, he agreed to a contract for the 2017 baseball season. In 2017, Arrieta made 30 starts with a 14–10 record and a 3.53 ERA. He threw 14 wild pitches, tied for most in the National League. The Cubs finished the season 92–70 and clinched another NL Central division title. Arrieta started Game four of the 2017 NLDS and, after 90 pitches, left in the fourth inning trailing 1–0. The Cubs and Arrieta would", "title": "Jake Arrieta" }, { "id": "19533458", "text": "the Chicago White Sox. They became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League. The city of Houston in August 2017 suffered record flooding from Hurricane Harvey. The team began to wear patches which had the logo of the team with the word \"Strong\" on the bottom of the patch, as well as promoting the hashtag \"Houston Strong\". Manager A. J. Hinch has stated in an interview that the team wasn't just playing for a title, but to help boost moral support for the city.", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "6829656", "text": "in Game 5 of the World Series, the Astros beat the Dodgers, 13-12, in 10 innings. In 2018, for the 5th time, the NFL scheduled the Saints to play on the Sunday Night Football-World Series competition game, this time, against the Vikings, in a rematch of the Minneapolis Miracle game. However this game wound up being scheduled opposite the fifth (and final) game of the 2018 World Series, between the LA Dodgers season and the Red Sox that night. The city of Minneapolis does have an MLB team, however, the Twins, failed to qualify for the postseason. As for the", "title": "NBC Sunday Night Football" }, { "id": "9798102", "text": "MLB and Harrelson apologized for those comments. Wegner worked his first career no-hitter on July 13, 2013, calling balls and strikes for Tim Lincecum's 148-pitch performance against the San Diego Padres. Replays indicate Wegner called Lincecum to the tune of 97.9% accuracy, missing just two pitches. On November 1, 2017 Wegner was behind home plate for Game 7 of the World Series, which was won by the Houston Astros by a score of 5-1 over the host Los Angeles Dodgers. Prior to the start of the 2018 season, Wegner was promoted to crew chief. A Catholic known for his charity", "title": "Mark Wegner" }, { "id": "20830064", "text": "2.11 earned run average to go along with 237 strikeouts. Kimbrel saved 42 games and struck out 96 batters. The Red Sox entered the postseason as the top seed in the American League, and defeated the Yankees in four games in the Division Series. Next, they defeated the defending champion Houston Astros in five games in the League Championship Series. Including their 2004 win that ended the Curse of the Bambino, this was the fourth World Series appearance by the Red Sox in 15 years and their 13th appearance all-time. Despite a start to the season and nine losses in", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "19533461", "text": "Morrow pitched a scoreless eighth and Kenley Jansen earned the save. The two-hour, 28-minute game was the shortest World Series contest since Game 4 in . The starting pitchers for Game 2 were Rich Hill for the Dodgers and Justin Verlander for the Astros. The Astros scored first when Bregman drove in Josh Reddick with a hit in the third inning. Hill struck out seven in four innings but was replaced by Kenta Maeda in the fifth. Joc Pederson tied the game with a home run in the bottom of the fifth inning, and the Dodgers took the lead when", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "19533456", "text": "since the franchise moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles in 1958, and the 19th overall. Entering the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers bullpen had thrown 23 consecutive scoreless innings, a postseason record for a bullpen. Additionally, by outscoring the Arizona Diamondbacks and Chicago Cubs by a combined 48–19 margin, the Dodgers entered the World Series with the third-best run differential of any pennant winner since the playoff structure was expanded in 1995. All-Star shortstop Corey Seager, who was out for the entire National League Championship Series with a back injury, was included on the Dodgers' World Series roster. Manager Dave", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "3578332", "text": "NLCS. Roberts became first manager of Asian heritage ever in the World Series, as well as the fourth African-American manager. The Dodgers faced the Houston Astros in the 2017 World Series, where they were defeated in seven games. In 2018, the Dodgers got off to a rocky start at the beginning of the season with a 16–26 record, but rebounded to win the NL West, finishing 92–71. Roberts led the Dodgers to the 2018 World Series after the Dodgers defeated the Milwaukee Brewers in seven games in the NLCS. The Dodgers faced one of Roberts' former teams, the Boston Red", "title": "Dave Roberts (outfielder)" }, { "id": "18088279", "text": "and added two walks. He collected his first career stolen base the following game at home against the Boston Red Sox. The Astros optioned Fisher to the minor leagues, and he was selected to appear in the All-Star Futures Game. Fisher made the Astros' playoff roster, appearing primarily as a pinch runner. On October 30, in a game that started on October 29, he scored the game winning run in Game 5 of the 2017 World Series. The World Series would go on for 7 games, as the Astros successfully plowed through, winning the series for the first time. On", "title": "Derek Fisher (baseball)" }, { "id": "20830063", "text": "2018 postseason. The Red Sox surpassed the 100-win mark for the first time since 1946, broke the franchise record of 105 wins that had been set in 1912, and won the most games of any MLB team since the 2001 Seattle Mariners won 116. The 2018 Red Sox were highlighted by All-Stars Mookie Betts, Craig Kimbrel, J. D. Martinez, Mitch Moreland, and Chris Sale. Betts led baseball in batting average and slugging percentage, while Martinez led in runs batted in. Sale tossed only 158 innings due to a shoulder injury late in the year, but was otherwise superb, posting a", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "242080", "text": "two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning of game 1, in his only appearance of the series. The Dodgers won the pennant in 2017 and 2018, but lost the World Series to the Houston Astros and Boston Red Sox respectively. The Dodgers share a fierce rivalry with the San Francisco Giants, the oldest rivalry in baseball, dating back to when the two franchises played in New York City. Both teams moved west for the 1958 season. The Brooklyn Dodgers and Los Angeles Dodgers have collectively appeared in the World Series 20 times, while the New York Giants and", "title": "Los Angeles Dodgers" }, { "id": "20401068", "text": "in the Division Series to advance to the American League Championship Series, where they lost in five games to the Boston Red Sox. The Houston Astros entered the 2018 Major League Baseball season as defending World Series champions after defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games. In addition to achieving their first-ever World Series championship, they claimed both their first American League (AL) pennant and AL West division championship. Center fielder George Springer was named the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) and right-handed starting pitcher Justin Verlander was the American League Championship Series (ALCS) MVP. A number of", "title": "2018 Houston Astros season" }, { "id": "3073592", "text": "Strickland, a September call-up, recorded the save. This is the only 18 inning game to go the full 18 innings. The third and to date last 18-inning game was Game 3 of the 2018 World Series. It was played on October 26–27, 2018, between the Boston Red Sox and Los Angeles Dodgers at Dodger Stadium. The Dodgers took a 1–0 lead in the 3rd inning when Joc Pederson homered off of Boston starter Rick Porcello. The Red Sox tied the game in the top of the 8th when Jackie Bradley Jr. hit a solo home run off of Dodgers closer", "title": "Extra innings" }, { "id": "9786954", "text": "The Astros finished the 2017 season with a 101–61 record, clinching the AL West. Clippard, however, was not part of any postseason action, although he was still on the Astros 40-man roster at the time. The Astros won their first World Series in franchise history as they bested the Los Angeles Dodgers in 7 games of the 2017 World Series. Clippard would still win his first career World Series championship after 11 seasons of service in the Majors. On March 7, 2018, Clippard signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. His contract was purchased by the Blue", "title": "Tyler Clippard" }, { "id": "20401095", "text": "team to win six straight division championships since the New York Yankees won nine straight from 1998-2006 and only the third overall (the Atlanta Braves won 14 from 1991-2005). They opened the playoffs by defeating the Atlanta Braves in four games in the Division Series and defeated the Milwaukee Brewers in seven games in the National League Championship Series. It was the third straight NLCS appearance for the Dodgers, a franchise record and the second consecutive National League pennant. They lost to the Boston Red Sox in the 2018 World Series, their second straight World Series loss. The Dodgers became", "title": "2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season" }, { "id": "20376782", "text": "a matchup of 100-win teams, and a rematch of the 2017 ALDS, which was won by Houston. After losing Game 1 at Fenway, the Red Sox won the next four games, including three played in Houston, to eliminate the Astros and advance to the World Series. Game 1 starter Chris Sale had a stomach issue during the week, which included brief hospital stay, and manager Alex Cora decided not to have him start Game 5. David Price started in his place and held Houston scoreless through six innings while allowing just three hits and striking out nine. It was Price's", "title": "2018 Boston Red Sox season" }, { "id": "20768530", "text": "2018 National League Championship Series The 2018 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Milwaukee Brewers against the Los Angeles Dodgers, for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series against the AL Champions, the Boston Red Sox. The series was the 49th in league history, with Fox airing all games in the United States. This series was the first time two teams that won their division in a tiebreaker game faced each other in a playoff series, as well as the first postseason match-up between the Brewers and Dodgers.", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "20488269", "text": "2018 World Series of Poker The 2018 World Series of Poker (WSOP) is the 49th annual tournament, and took place from May 30 to July 17 at the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. There was a record 78 bracelet events. The $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event began on July 2 and concluded on July 15. The Main Event, as well as the Big One for One Drop, were again streamed in their entirety on ESPN and Poker Central. The 2018 World Series of Poker featured the announced retirement of ten-time bracelet winner and poker", "title": "2018 World Series of Poker" }, { "id": "2927358", "text": "and Shulman continued to call World Series games for ESPN Radio through 2017. After the 2017 season, the Yankees decided not to retain Joe Girardi as their manager. The Yankees hired Boone to succeed him on December 4, 2017. The Yankees started the 2018 season with a 6–1 win against the Toronto Blue Jays on March 29, 2018. On September 2, 2018, Boone was suspended for one game for making illegal contact with an umpire. He finished his first season with a 100-62 record, good for second in the American League East, and led the Yankees to the wild card", "title": "Aaron Boone" }, { "id": "20768553", "text": "2006 Cardinals. This was also Los Angeles first playoff series win where they did not win Game 1 since the 1988 NLCS. Cody Bellinger was named the NLCS MVP, becoming the youngest to win the award. 2018 NLCS (4–3): Los Angeles Dodgers beat Milwaukee Brewers 2018 National League Championship Series The 2018 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Milwaukee Brewers against the Los Angeles Dodgers, for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series against the AL Champions, the Boston Red Sox. The series was the 49th in league", "title": "2018 National League Championship Series" }, { "id": "6829654", "text": "3-2, to force a Game 6 of the World Series on November 1, while the Cowboys beat the Eagles, 29-23, in overtime. In 2017, the NFL once again scheduled the Steelers to play on \"SNF\", this time against the Detroit Lions on October 29. This game aired opposite Game 5 of the 2017 World Series between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Houston Astros. Both the Steelers and the Lions have a baseball team in their respective home cities (Pittsburgh's Pirates and Detroit's Tigers, the latter plays their home games at nearby Comerica Park in Detroit), but neither of their", "title": "NBC Sunday Night Football" }, { "id": "19765860", "text": "Night Baseball game. Outfielder Randal Grichuk played (and pitched) for the Lamar Little League team that reached the World Series in 2003 and 2004. Opening Night (7:35 pm) was on Sunday April 2, with a nationwide audience on ESPN saw Randal Grichuk drive in three runs, including the game-winning single, a 390-foot blast to left field in the bottom of the ninth to beat the Cubs, 4–3 for the first win of the 2017 season. It was his second career walk-off hit and both were against the Cubs. Grichuk batted a lowly eighth in the lineup after a sub-par spring.", "title": "2017 St. Louis Cardinals season" }, { "id": "18801349", "text": "2016 World Series The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 3. The Indians had home-field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All-Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home-field advantage determined by the All-Star Game results; since , home-field advantage", "title": "2016 World Series" }, { "id": "19533459", "text": "On August 31, just seconds before the midnight deadline, the Astros traded for Detroit Tigers pitcher Justin Verlander. Following the trade, including the regular season and postseason to this point, Verlander had posted a 9–0 win-loss record with a 1.23 earned run average. He was named the ALCS MVP. The temperature at the start of the game was , which made this the hottest World Series game ever recorded. Clayton Kershaw started Game 1 for the Dodgers, while Dallas Keuchel started for the Astros. Chris Taylor hit a home run for the Dodgers on Keuchel's first pitch of the game.", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "20830073", "text": "runs from scoring as the Red Sox won, 4–2, to take a two games to none lead. Ryu took the loss for the Dodgers, while Price earned the win for Boston with closer Craig Kimbrel getting his sixth save this postseason. It was also the 100th postseason victory in Red Sox franchise history. After two games started by left-handed pitchers, both teams started right-handed pitchers for Game 3; Walker Buehler for the Dodgers and Rick Porcello for the Red Sox. With no designated hitter, J. D. Martinez started in left field for the Red Sox, in place of usual left", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "15817605", "text": "won 16–1, giving the Yankees their most lopsided loss in postseason history. In Game 3 of the League Championship Series against the Houston Astros, Eovaldi pitched six innings, allowing just two runs, as the Red Sox won 8–2. Eovaldi also pitched innings of relief in Game 5 as Boston clinched the series win. In the 2018 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Eovaldi pitched shutout eighth innings in Games 1 and 2. Although he was originally slated to start Game 4, Eovaldi ended up the final reliever in the 18-inning marathon Game 3, the longest game in World Series", "title": "Nathan Eovaldi" }, { "id": "20830086", "text": "Series (4–1): Boston Red Sox beat Los Angeles Dodgers. The World Series was televised nationally by Fox for the 19th straight year. Joe Buck was the play-by-play announcer, with John Smoltz as the color commentator. Ken Rosenthal and Tom Verducci were the field reporters. Fox Deportes offered a Spanish-language feed, with Rolando Nichols providing play-by-play and Carlos Álvarez and Edgar Gonzalez doing color commentary. Outside of the United States, MLB International carried the series with play-by-play by Matt Vasgersian and color commentary by Buck Martinez. ESPN Radio broadcast all the World Series games in English for the 21st straight year", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "19734799", "text": "in four games. Houston then advanced to the AL Championship Series (ALCS) and defeated the New York Yankees in seven games for their first American League pennant. It was the second league championship in franchise history, and first since 2005 and they became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League. Finally, the Astros faced and defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games in the World Series, garnering the first World Series title in franchise history. During the regular season, the Astros featured the", "title": "2017 Houston Astros season" }, { "id": "20768510", "text": "for Houston, their World Series reign was over. Boston's Jackie Bradley Jr., who had nine RBIs in the series on three hits (a double and two home runs), was named ALCS MVP. 2018 ALCS (4–1): Boston Red Sox beat Houston Astros. 2018 American League Championship Series The 2018 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven series pitting the Houston Astros against the Boston Red Sox, for the American League (AL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series. The series was played in a 2-3-2 format, with the first two and last two (if necessary) games played", "title": "2018 American League Championship Series" }, { "id": "16275382", "text": "five hits in 11 at-bats for a .455 average. In the 2017 World Series, Culberson had three hits in five at-bats, including his first career post-season home run, which he hit off Chris Devenski of the Houston Astros in the 11th inning of Game Two. On December 16, 2017, the Dodgers traded Culberson, Adrian Gonzalez, Scott Kazmir, Brandon McCarthy, and cash considerations to the Atlanta Braves for Matt Kemp. Culberson struggled to begin the 2018 season, earning a larger role in late May due to an injury to Ronald Acuña Jr. On May 28, 2018, Culberson hit a walk-off home", "title": "Charlie Culberson" }, { "id": "19732894", "text": "winners of the 2016 World Series, were moiunting their first defense of a World Series title since 1908. On October 4, 2017, the Cubs announced that Kyle Hendricks would start Game 1 of the Division Series while Jon Lester would start Game 2, José Quintana Game 3, and Jake Arrieta Game 4. On October 5, Dusty Baker announced that Stephen Strasburg would start Game 1 for the Nationals, but did not specify starters for any other NLDS games. The Nationals later announced that Gio González would start Game 2 and Max Scherzer would start Game 3, giving Scherzer additional time", "title": "2017 Washington Nationals season" }, { "id": "19765837", "text": "decisions on whether to bring up a roster replacement rather than wait to see if the injured player would be ready to return to action in less than two weeks. In addition, the Home field advantage in the World Series for the league winning the All-Star Game is repealed starting this year. Home field advantage in the World Series will be awarded to the league champion team with the better regular season win-loss record. The details of the new five-years contract (expiring Nov. 30, 2021) listed here. Commissioner Rob Manfred levied a severe penalty, Jan. 30, 2017, on the Cardinals", "title": "2017 St. Louis Cardinals season" }, { "id": "6285042", "text": "a 101-61 record (first in AL West), and eventually won the 2017 World Series. On February 23, 2018, Liriano signed a one-year contract with the Detroit Tigers. He earned a spot in the Tigers starting rotation, and won his Tiger debut in a 6–1 decision over the Kansas City Royals on April 2. Liriano was placed on the 10-day disabled list with a hamstring strain following a May 26 start against the Chicago White Sox. He was recalled on June 23 and made a start against the Cleveland Indians. On August 30, 2018, Liriano gave up Giancarlo Stanton’s 300th home", "title": "Francisco Liriano" }, { "id": "19766044", "text": "in a row and the third time in five seasons, where they faced the Chicago Cubs for the second year in a row. They defeated the Cubs in five games and advanced to the World Series for the first time since 1988, where they lost to the Houston Astros in seven games. The day after the 2016 World Series several Dodgers instantly became free agents: Pitchers Kenley Jansen, Brett Anderson, Rich Hill, Jesse Chavez, Joe Blanton and J. P. Howell, second baseman Chase Utley, third baseman Justin Turner and outfielder Josh Reddick. On November 9, relief pitcher Chin-hui Tsao was", "title": "2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season" }, { "id": "3557525", "text": "announced that Nationals Park was selected by Major League Baseball to host the 2018 All Star Game. In 2016, the Nationals acquired Mets infielder Daniel Murphy, who has made the All Star Game in each of his two years as a National. On July 31, 2018, the Nationals set a scoring record with a 25-4 win over the Mets. The Montreal Expos-Washington Nationals franchise is the only National League franchise and one of only two MLB franchises – with the American League′s Seattle Mariners – which has never reached the World Series. Although the Expos won one postseason series —", "title": "Washington Nationals" }, { "id": "6831356", "text": "Player of the Year Award. On August 31, 2017, the Tigers traded Verlander to the Houston Astros just before the trade deadline, and he immediately became an impact for the team, going undefeated in his first five starts heading into the postseason. He helped lead the Astros to the 2017 World Series, which they won over the Los Angeles Dodgers, giving him his first career ring. For his performance in the 2017 American League Championship Series, he was named MVP, and was co-winner of the Babe Ruth Award (with teammate José Altuve) for most outstanding performance in the 2017 postseason.", "title": "Justin Verlander" }, { "id": "19533481", "text": "13 chances with runners in scoring position in the game. Kershaw pitched four scoreless innings of relief in the game, and in the process, he broke Orel Hershiser's Dodgers postseason record with his 33rd strikeout. Morton pitched four innings of relief to earn the win, as Corey Seager grounded out to José Altuve, who threw to Yuli Gurriel to end the game, with the Astros winning their first championship in franchise history, and ending their 56-year drought. Springer won the World Series MVP Award. With the Astros' win, for the first time since 2002, when the Angels beat the Giants", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "16257144", "text": "and a First Team All-American. In 2017, Springer became an MLB All-Star, Silver Slugger Award winner, and World Series champion all for the first time. He was also named the 2017 World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP), hitting a record-tying five home runs as the Astros defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games. From New Britain, Connecticut, Springer is of Puerto Rican and Panamanian descent. He is presently represented by TLA Worldwide. Springer attended New Britain High School in New Britain, Connecticut, for his freshman year of high school. He played on the varsity baseball team as a freshman", "title": "George Springer" }, { "id": "19765478", "text": "the postseason, they lost in four games in the American League Division Series to the eventual 2017 World Series champions, the Houston Astros. Reigning AL Cy Young winner Rick Porcello made his first opening day start of his career, going 6 innings, allowing three runs on six hits in the win. The Red Sox bats could only get one hit off of Pirates starter Gerrit Cole through 4 innings but then strung together six 2-out hits. Jackie Bradley Jr. started the rally with a triple of the right field wall, Pablo Sandoval legged out an infield single, Sandy León laid", "title": "2017 Boston Red Sox season" }, { "id": "19533457", "text": "Roberts became first manager of Asian heritage ever in the World Series, as well as the fourth African-American manager. With a 101–61 regular season record, the team won its first American League West title, their first division title since 2001, and the #2 seed in the AL. In the American League Division Series, they defeated the 3rd-seeded Boston Red Sox in four games and then defeated the 4th-seeded New York Yankees in the American League Championship Series (ALCS) in seven games. This was their second World Series appearance and first since 2005, when they were swept in four games by", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "20401170", "text": "struggled in his second start, allowing five runs on seven hits in three innings as the Dodgers lost 7–2. However, in game 7, Buehler pitched a strong game, striking out seven and only allowing one run in 4 innings. Cody Bellinger hit a two run homer and Yasiel Puig hit a three-run homer and the Dodgers won 5–1 to clinch their second straight National League championship, the first time they had done that since 1977 and 1978. The Dodgers faced the Boston Red Sox, who had the best record in baseball in 2018, in the World Series. The series began", "title": "2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season" }, { "id": "20830079", "text": "started an outfield of Andrew Benintendi, Mookie Betts, and J. D. Martinez, with Jackie Bradley Jr. on the bench in place of Benintendi, who did not start the previous game. The game was scoreless through the first five innings. In the bottom of the sixth, the Dodgers loaded the bases against Rodríguez and scored the game's first run on a throwing error by catcher Christian Vázquez. The next batter, Yasiel Puig, hit a three-run home run to extend the lead to 4–0. Rodríguez was taken out after 5 innings, allowing the four runs on four hits and two walks with", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "9764198", "text": "so in a postseason game (after Jon Lester in the 2016 NLCS and Derek Lowe in the 2008 NLDS). Kershaw made two starts for the Dodgers in the 2018 World Series against the Boston Red Sox. In Game 1 he pitched four innings and gave up five runs in an 8–4 loss, and in Game 5 he pitched seven innings and allowed four runs, including three home runs as the Red Sox won the Series 4-1; it was the Dodgers' second straight World Series defeat. Kershaw's contract allowed him to opt out and become a free agent after the 2018", "title": "Clayton Kershaw" }, { "id": "5190535", "text": "in the eighth inning, and was the starting shortstop in the 2006 game. In the third game of the 2018 MLB World Series, Cora managed the Boston Red Sox in the longest game in World Series history. An 18 inning, 7 hour and 20 minute, 561 pitch game that began on Friday Oct. 26 at 5:09 pm and ended after midnight the next day. The Los Angeles Dodgers being down 2 games to none, won 3-2 on a walkoff home run by Max Muncy. Cora played for Puerto Rico in both the 2006 and 2009 World Baseball Classics; he batted", "title": "Alex Cora" }, { "id": "20282502", "text": "games for the last 13 weeks of the regular season. Fox and ESPN Sunday Night Baseball telecasts were exclusive; all other national telecasts were subject to local blackout. TBS televised the American League Wild Card Game, Division Series and televised the Championship Series. ESPN televised the National League Wild Card, along with the National League West and Central tie-breaker games. FS1 and MLB Network televised the National League Division Series. Fox and FS1 will televise the National League Championship Series. The World Series will air exclusively on Fox for the 19th consecutive year. On September 6, Fox Sports Detroit suspended", "title": "2018 Major League Baseball season" }, { "id": "20768484", "text": "Game 1 victory. Springer's home run tied him with Carlos Beltrán for the club record for most consecutive postseason games with a home run, with five. Springer had four in a row in the 2017 World Series. Three-time Astros All-Star and 2005 NLCS MVP Roy Oswalt threw the ceremonial first pitch. Hoping to even the series before returning home, Cleveland struck first and took a 1–0 lead in the top of the third inning, on a home run by Francisco Lindor. In the bottom of the sixth, an infield single and walk followed by a Marwin González double gave Houston", "title": "2018 American League Division Series" }, { "id": "20830061", "text": "team since the 1992 Atlanta Braves, to lose consecutive Fall Classics. The Boston Red Sox' most recent World Series appearance was their 2013 win over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Los Angeles Dodgers, who last won a World Series in 1988 over the Oakland Athletics, made their second consecutive appearance, after losing to the Houston Astros in 2017. The two franchises faced each other in the 1916 World Series; the Red Sox won the series in five games against the then-Brooklyn Robins. Red Sox manager Alex Cora and Dodgers manager Dave Roberts were teammates on the Dodgers in 2002, 2003,", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "20830083", "text": "an MLB, NFL (Rams), NHL (Kings), MLS (Galaxy) and NBA (Clippers) game all on the same day. Clayton Kershaw started for the Dodgers, while David Price started for the Red Sox. Price became the first pitcher to start World Series games no more than four days apart while also pitching in relief between those games since Jack Billingham of the Cincinnati Reds did so in the 1972 World Series. Jackie Bradley Jr. again did not start in the outfield for Boston, but entered the game as a defensive replacement in the bottom of the ninth inning. Both teams scored in", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "7858974", "text": "placed on the disabled list with a MCL sprain in his right knee. Maybin batted .235, hit 6 home runs, stole 29 bases, and drove in 22 RBIs in 93 games with the Angels before being traded on August 31, 2017. On August 31, 2017, the Houston Astros acquired Maybin from the Angels off waivers. Former Tigers teammate Justin Verlander won his Astros debut on September 5 versus the Seattle Mariners after Cameron hit a tie-breaking home run for a 3–1 victory. In Game 2 of the 2017 World Series, Maybin came in as a pinch hitter; he singled to", "title": "Cameron Maybin" }, { "id": "19734820", "text": "the game. Giles struck out four of six batters faced for his first save of the ALCS and second of the postseason. On October 14, Verlander started Game 2, throwing a 13-strikeout, 2–1 complete game victory. The Astros won the game on a ninth-inning walk-off double by Carlos Correa that drove home Altuve. Facing elimination in Game 6 of the ALCS, Verlander pitched seven shutout innings in a 7−1 victory over the Yankees. The Astros also defeated the Yankees 4−0 in Game 7, on October 21, 2017, allowing them to advance to the World Series for the second time in", "title": "2017 Houston Astros season" }, { "id": "19533465", "text": "Game 3 were Yu Darvish for the Dodgers and Lance McCullers Jr. for the Astros. The Astros scored four runs in the bottom of the second inning on a home run by Yuli Gurriel and RBIs by González, Brian McCann, and Bregman. Darvish left the game after innings, which was the shortest outing of his career. The Dodgers scored one run in the top of the third inning as Seager grounded into a double play after McCullers loaded the bases with three consecutive walks. The Astros added another run in the fifth on an RBI single by Evan Gattis and", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "18973823", "text": ".217 average, 8 home runs, and 28 RBI. In 2017, White spent most of his time in the Minors, but still played 22 games with the Astros, compiling a .279 batting average, 3 home runs, and 10 RBI. The Astros finished the year with a 101-61 record, and won the 2017 World Series. On August 29, 2018, White hit a walk-off home run against the Oakland Athletics. It was also the 81st total walk-off home run of the 2018 MLB season. Tyler White Brian Tyler White (born October 29, 1990) is an American professional baseball first baseman for the Houston", "title": "Tyler White" }, { "id": "13218686", "text": "infielder Jesus Manuel Valdez. In the final month of the season and into the postseason, Freese saw most of his action in a righty-lefty platoon at first base with Max Muncy. Freese hit a home run in Game 6 of the 2018 National League Championship Series. He started at first base in Game 1 of the 2018 World Series. On November 1, 2018, the Dodgers bought out his $6 million option for 2019 for $500k and then re-signed him for one year and $4.5 million. Freese's father, Guy, is a retired civil engineer. His mother, Lynn, is a retired teacher.", "title": "David Freese" }, { "id": "19127993", "text": "Chicago Cubs won the 2016 World Series, their first title in 108 years, the Cardinals also finished the season with the longest active championship drought in the four major American professional sports, with their last championship in 1947 as the Chicago Cardinals. Notes The Cardinals preseason opponents and schedule was announced on April 7, 2016, the opponents being the Oakland Raiders, San Diego Chargers, Houston Texans and the Denver Broncos. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. With Patriots quarterback Tom Brady suspended and Jimmy Garoppolo starting, the Cardinals were huge favorites to win. The game was close, but was", "title": "2016 Arizona Cardinals season" }, { "id": "16620713", "text": "time and effectiveness in September. A back injury suffered in the third game of the 2017 NLDS kept Seager off of the Dodgers roster for the 2017 NLCS. However, he returned to the roster for the 2017 World Series. He had six hits in 27 at-bats, including a home run and a double in the World Series, but the Dodgers lost the series in seven games to the Houston Astros. On April 30, Seager was diagnosed with a right UCL strain, requiring Tommy John surgery, causing him to miss the remainder of the 2018 season. He was 27-for-101 (.267) with", "title": "Corey Seager" }, { "id": "19533487", "text": "received $20,280,103.72, with shares of $259,722.14 The sportsbooks in Nevada lost $11.4 million in November 2017, a record for baseball-related betting. The city of Houston held a parade for the Astros on November 3, 2017, which Mayor Sylvester Turner proclaimed was \"Houston Astros' Day\". An estimated 750,000 to one million attended the parade. Springer and Altuve appeared on the cover of \"Sports Illustrated\" November 13, 2017, issue, with Altuve holding the Commissioner's Trophy and Springer holding a copy of a \"Sports Illustrated\" from 2014 that predicted the Astros would win the 2017 World Series. 2017 World Series The 2017 World", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "19533482", "text": "in seven games, a franchise won its first World Series title. After Game 7, the trophy presention, usually taking place in the locker room whenever the visiting team clinches the series, took place on the losing team's field for the first time ever before a small crowd of mostly Astros fans that remained as most Dodgers fans left the stadium. Correa proposed to his girlfriend, 2016 Miss Texas USA winner Daniella Rodríguez, on live television during a postgame interview conducted by Rosenthal. She accepted. 2017 World Series (4–3): Houston Astros defeated Los Angeles Dodgers. Fox broadcast the series in the", "title": "2017 World Series" }, { "id": "20830082", "text": "first lead of the game. The Red Sox loaded the bases against Floro and Alex Wood and then Pearce doubled to right center off Kenta Maeda, scoring all three runs to put the Red Sox up, 8–4. They added another run when Xander Bogaerts drove in Pearce with a single. Kiké Hernández hit a two-run homer off of Craig Kimbrel in the ninth to cut the lead to three. Kimbrel was able to get the last three outs and the Red Sox took a three games to one lead. On October 28, Los Angeles became the first city to host", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "19765859", "text": "strikeouts in a career-high 195.1 innings. Adam Wainwright started the second game on April 4. It was announced that the Cardinals and Pittsburgh Pirates would be the latest MLB teams to play a game in historic Williamsport, Pennsylvania, site of the annual Little League World Series, at BB&T Ballpark at Historic Bowman Field, home of the Williamsport Crosscutters, a Philadelphia Phillies affiliate in the short-season (New York-Penn League). The stadium has an official seating capacity of 2,366. They would play on Sunday, August 20, with Pittsburgh as the home team. It would be televised by ESPN as its weekly Sunday", "title": "2017 St. Louis Cardinals season" }, { "id": "18450928", "text": "seven RBIs. The Astros finished the year with a 101-61 record, and eventually won the 2017 World Series. Davis did not play in the playoffs, but was still on the Astros 40-man roster, giving him a chance to win his first career championship. On March 24, 2018, the Astros announced that Davis had made the Opening Day roster. J. D. Davis Jonathan Gregory Davis (born April 27, 1993) is an American professional baseball third baseman for the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB). Davis was drafted by the Tampa Bay Rays in the fifth round of the 2011 Major", "title": "J. D. Davis" }, { "id": "16257154", "text": "with a first grade teacher of whom he knew during his childhood at New Britain. Springer finished 2017 by playing 140 games with a .283 batting average, 34 home runs, and 85 RBI. With the Astros finishing the season 101–61, the team clinched the AL West division. The Astros advanced to the World Series to face the Los Angeles Dodgers. Springer struck out four times in Game 1. In Game 2, he, along with two Astros teammates–Carlos Correa and José Altuve—and two Dodgers players–Charlie Culberson and Yasiel Puig—all homered in extra innings as the Astros prevailed, 7−6. The five home", "title": "George Springer" }, { "id": "19765813", "text": "voted co-MVPs of the series. The lone Chicago run came on a Kris Bryant home run in the fourth. Every Cubs run scored in the series came via a home run. With the 11–1 victory the Dodgers returned to the World Series for the first time since 1988. 2017 NLCS (4–1): Los Angeles Dodgers beat Chicago Cubs \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases; BB = Walks; K = Strikeouts; Avg. = Batting", "title": "2017 Chicago Cubs season" }, { "id": "19720528", "text": "Miami Marlins. For the first time since 2002 when the game ended in a tie, the All Star Game did not determine home field advantage for the World Series. Instead, home field advantage was awarded to the team with the better regular season record. The American League won 2–1 in 10 innings. As has been the case since 2013, all teams played their four division opponents 19 times each for a total of 76 games. They played six or seven games against each of the other ten same-league opponents for a total of 66 games, and 20 inter-league games. The", "title": "2017 Major League Baseball season" }, { "id": "18763267", "text": "47th plate appearance. In 24 appearances for the Dodgers (23 starts and one relief appearance) in 2018, Buehler was 8–5 with a 2.62 ERA and 151 strikeouts. On October 26, Buehler threw 7 scoreless innings in Game 3 of the 2018 World Series against the Boston Red Sox. Buehler finished third in voting for the National League Rookie of the Year. Walker Buehler Walker Anthony Buehler (born July 28, 1994) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was selected by the Dodgers 24th overall in the 2015 MLB draft out", "title": "Walker Buehler" }, { "id": "20830085", "text": "Pearce hit another home run, this time off of Pedro Báez. Price pitched into the eighth, allowing only one run on three hits and two walks while striking out five. He became just the fifth pitcher to pitch 6+ innings and allow three or fewer hits in three straight postseason starts. Joe Kelly and Chris Sale pitched the last two innings and both struck out the side, Sale getting Manny Machado to strike out for the last out, the Red Sox winning the game 5–1 and the title 4–1. Pearce won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award. 2018 World", "title": "2018 World Series" }, { "id": "15798068", "text": "as an outfielder and one as a designated hitter. In Game 5 of the 2018 World Series, Martinez hit a home run in the seventh inning to increase the Red Sox lead to 4–1. The Red Sox ended up winning the game and their ninth World Series title. , or Retrosheet J. D. Martinez Julio Daniel \"J. D.\" Martinez (born August 21, 1987) is an American professional baseball outfielder and designated hitter for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has also played in MLB for the Houston Astros, Detroit Tigers, and Arizona Diamondbacks. A right-handed thrower", "title": "J. D. Martinez" }, { "id": "19720550", "text": "Wild Card, Fox Sports 1 and MLB Network televised the American League Division Series, and Fox and Fox Sports 1 televised the American League Championship Series. The World Series aired exclusively on Fox for the 18th consecutive year. CBS Radio's WIP-FM renewed its contract with for Philadelphia Phillies play-by-play for the 2017 season. ESPN Radio aired its 20th season of national coverage, including \"Sunday Night Baseball\", Saturday games, Opening Day and holiday games, the All-Star Game, and Home Run Derby, and the entire Major League Baseball postseason. 2017 Major League Baseball season The 2017 Major League Baseball season began on", "title": "2017 Major League Baseball season" }, { "id": "18292435", "text": "his first appearance for the Red Sox as a pinch runner for Sandy León in the early morning of August 6, in the 10th inning of a game that started the day before. He scored the winning run in a 5–4 Red Sox comeback win against the rival New York Yankees, scoring on a single by Andrew Benintendi. Renda was optioned back to Triple-A on August 8, without making another appearance. The Red Sox would defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2018 World Series four games to one. He was outrighted to the minors on November 1, 2018. Renda", "title": "Tony Renda" } ]

[ "Dana & Matt" ]

[ { "id": "19147505", "text": "The Amazing Race 28 The Amazing Race 28 is the twenty-eighth U.S. season of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". The season premiered on February 12, 2016. In this installment, it featured 11 teams of two with notable social media personalities (or at least one pair to team up with a non-notable internet celebrity) in a race around the world for a $1 million grand prize. \"Engaged dancers\" Dana Alexa and Matt Steffanina were the winners of this season of \"The Amazing Race\". Filming of \"The Amazing Race 28\" began on November 15, 2015, with host Phil Keoghan broadcasting", "title": "The Amazing Race 28" }, { "id": "19147532", "text": "the right place with the proper spelling, they would receive their final clue. Canadian broadcaster CTV also aired \"The Amazing Race\" on Fridays. Episodes aired at 8:00 pm Eastern and Central (9:00 pm Pacific, Mountain and Atlantic). Canadian DVR ratings are included in Numeris's count. The Amazing Race 28 The Amazing Race 28 is the twenty-eighth U.S. season of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". The season premiered on February 12, 2016. In this installment, it featured 11 teams of two with notable social media personalities (or at least one pair to team up with a non-notable internet celebrity)", "title": "The Amazing Race 28" }, { "id": "2595374", "text": "the December 2, 2012, episode of the U.S. version of the show. The show premiered on July 15, 2013, and was hosted by Olympic gold medalist Jon Montgomery. The show has now been renewed for six seasons. As of 11 September 2018, there have been 75 winning teams in over 14 franchises of \"The Amazing Race\". The most recent winners are Courtney Berglind and Adam Kovacs, Engaged couple from Canada's \"The Amazing Race Canada 6\". <section begin=\"Whole series\"/> <section end=\"Whole series\"/> A video game based on this reality show was developed by Ludia for the Wii. It was released on", "title": "The Amazing Race" }, { "id": "19147506", "text": "each team's arrival at the first clue location, the Monumento a la Revolución in Mexico City, via live-streaming on social media. Unlike previous seasons, the race began in the teams' hometowns rather than at a traditional starting line. This season spanned 18 cities and 10 countries over . Racers were reported near Cartagena, Colombia on November 19, 2015. Filming of the show was also reported near Tbilisi, Georgia; Narikala fortress; Rustaveli Theater and The Bridge of Peace; and Jvari monastery in Mtskheta on November 27, 2015. This season marked the first time that the show visited Armenia, Colombia and Georgia.", "title": "The Amazing Race 28" }, { "id": "6788679", "text": "Elise Doganieri Elise Doganieri (born April 21, 1967) is an American co-creator and co-executive producer of the CBS reality show \"The Amazing Race.\" Doganieri's other credits include serving as show producer of ABC's \"Profiles From the Front Line\" as well as producer and story editor on the pilot for Paramount's \"Wild Things.\" \"The Amazing Race\" is a reality adventure series follows teams of two (teams of four in season 8) racing around the world for a one million dollar prize. The show hit its 100th episode mark in the fall of 2005 during its ninth season. The show has won", "title": "Elise Doganieri" }, { "id": "19883812", "text": "San Francisco. On March 17, 2014 she founded Rooster Teeth's news division, \"The Know\", hosting alongside Meg Turney. In its first two months, the channel amassed over 280,000 subscribers and 9 million video views on YouTube. In November 2015 it was announced that Jenkins, alongside her boyfriend Burnie Burns, would be competing in the 28th season of The Amazing Race. They finished in 4th place. In September 2017, alongside Burns, she co-hosted the inaugural Purpose Awards, an expansion from the Streamy Awards. Ashley Jenkins grew up in Ogden, Utah. At 8-years-old, Jenkins was baptized into The Church of Jesus Christ", "title": "Ashley Jenkins" }, { "id": "18455368", "text": "Race\" took. The season finale aired on May 15, 2015. Blind date couple Laura Pierson & Tyler Adams, known as \"Team SoCal,\" were the winners of the 26th season of \"The Amazing Race\". This season covered , five continents, and eight countries, including visits to Japan, Thailand, Namibia, Germany, and for the first time Monaco. In some race segments, a special clue was available. Teams selecting the special clue received a Date Night reward, an opportunity to participate in a romantic activity. The Save from the previous season returned for this season but was unaired, unclaimed, and unused. It could", "title": "The Amazing Race 26" }, { "id": "9908039", "text": "Cedric Ceballos, IndyCar racers Alexander Rossi and Conor Daly, and professional skiers & X-Games champions Kristi Leskinen and Jen Hudak. Numerous beauty pageant participants and winners have raced on the show, including Nicole O'Brian, Christie Lee Woods, Dustin-Leigh Konzelman, Kandice Pelletier, Ericka Dunlap, Caitlin Upton, Mallory Ervin, Stephanie Murray Smith, Brook Roberts, and Amy Diaz. Other celebrities include father and son screenwriters and actors Mike and Mel White, professional poker players Maria Ho and Tiffany Michelle, former prisoner of war from the Iraq war Ron Young, professional sailor Zac Sunderland, YouTube stars Kevin \"KevJumba\" Wu and Joey Graceffa. The show's", "title": "The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "9908040", "text": "28th season was primarily made up of social media celebrities and their partners, friends, or relatives as a means to capture a younger audience demographic. The show's 29th season featured 22 strangers who met for the first time at the starting line. Three special seasons of the \"Race\" have featured returning teams or racers. Racers have found fame in part due to their appearance on \"The Amazing Race\". Chip Arndt, who had raced with his civil partner Reichen Lehmkuhl, has become an activist for lesbian and gay community. Blake Mycoskie, based on his experiences traveling to Argentina during the race,", "title": "The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "18828208", "text": "The Amazing Race 27 The Amazing Race 27 was the twenty-seventh installment of the U.S. reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". It featured eleven teams of two, with each team centered on a pre-existing relationship between the cast members such as marriage, dating, or best friends. Teams competed in a race around the world for a grand prize. This season premiered on September 25, 2015. Dating news reporters Kelsey Gerckens and Joey Buttitta were the winners of this season. Seen on \"The Amazing Race 25\", the show's Twitter page announced this season's filming on June 22, 2015. The tweet announced", "title": "The Amazing Race 27" }, { "id": "20169676", "text": "The Amazing Race 30 The Amazing Race 30 is the thirtieth installment of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". It features eleven teams of two in a race around the world for a US$1 million grand prize. The season premiered on January 3, 2018, airing in CBS's Wednesday 8:00 pm EST time slot for a month before moving to the 9:00 pm slot from February 7 due to the premiere of \"Celebrity Big Brother\". The 2-hour season finale aired on February 21, 2018. Dating reality stars Cody Nickson and Jessica Graf were the winners of this season of the", "title": "The Amazing Race 30" }, { "id": "17220307", "text": "which is expected to eventually go to 40 cities. \"Variety\" noted that the trend of \"digital-native stars hitting the road for 'in-real-life' shows\" has been increasing and Oakley had been a part of DigiTour's 2014 US Summer tour of YouTube and Vine personalities. It was announced that Oakley, alongside best friend Korey Kuhl, would be competing in the 28th season of \"The Amazing Race\". They finished in 3rd place. Oakley supports The Trevor Project, an organization for the prevention of suicide among LGBT youth. He has interned with them in 2009 and since 2011 has co-hosted TrevorLIVE, the charity's annual", "title": "Tyler Oakley" }, { "id": "6809840", "text": "Reichen Lehmkuhl Reichen Kuhl, (born Richard Allen Lehmkuhl; December 26, 1973) is a lawyer, an American businessman, reality show winner, former model, and former occasional actor. A former United States Air Force officer, he is best known for winning season four of the reality game show \"The Amazing Race\" with his then-partner Chip Arndt, and for his much publicized 2006 relationship with pop singer Lance Bass. After Lehmkuhl's parents, a policeman and a nurse, divorced when he was five, his family moved to Norton, Massachusetts, and his mother remarried. Sometime after 2002, he changed his first name legally from Richard", "title": "Reichen Lehmkuhl" }, { "id": "4610414", "text": "premiered on Tuesday, September 27, 2005, and concluded on Tuesday, December 13, 2005. Siblings Nick, Alex, Megan, and Tommy Linz were the winners of this season. This is the last of four consecutive seasons in which the winning teams consisted of at least one man and one woman. At 19 and 21 years of age respectively, Tommy and Megan became the youngest male and female to win the US series (Starr Spangler of Season 13 later equaled Megan's record). A DVD set of this season was released on October 23, 2012, via Amazon.com's CreateSpace program. The eighth season of \"The", "title": "The Amazing Race 8" }, { "id": "17916542", "text": "The Amazing Race 25 The Amazing Race 25 is the twenty-fifth installment of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". It featured eleven teams of two in a race around the world for a grand prize. The season premiered on September 26, 2014 on CBS for the 2014–15 television season, moving to Friday at 8:00 pm, with the season finale on December 19, 2014. Food scientists Amy DeJong and Maya Warren were the winners of this season of \"The Amazing Race\". Filming began in the early morning of May 31, 2014 at Times Square in New York City. In contrast", "title": "The Amazing Race 25" }, { "id": "13814337", "text": "in 2017. Rossi's 2016 Indianapolis 500 win earned him a nomination at the 2016 ESPY Awards for Best Driver. He attended the awards ceremony on July 13, though the award went to NASCAR's 2015 Sprint Cup Series champion, Kyle Busch. In March 2017, Rossi was a guest on an episode of Harry Connick Jr.'s eponymous talk show, \"Harry\". He has appeared on \"The Rich Eisen Show\" on two occasions, in July 2016 after winning the Indianapolis 500 and again in January 2018. Rossi appeared on the 30th season of CBS' \"The Amazing Race\" with fellow IndyCar driver Conor Daly as", "title": "Alexander Rossi" }, { "id": "14530439", "text": "Cord McCoy Cord Jarret McCoy (born August 19, 1980) is an American former professional bull and saddle bronc rider who is best known as the 2nd-place finisher (along with his brother Jet McCoy) on \"The Amazing Race 16\". Jet and Cord returned to compete in the eighteenth season of \"The Amazing Race\", finishing in 6th Place. Jet and Cord returned for \"The Amazing Race 24\" also known as the \"The Amazing Race All-Stars\" finishing in 5th Place. McCoy was born in Durant, Oklahoma, to parents Denny McCoy, a rancher and horse trader, and Janet McCoy, a professional photographer, McCoy grew", "title": "Cord McCoy" }, { "id": "3589787", "text": "The Amazing Race 6 The Amazing Race 6 was the sixth installment of the U.S. reality television series \"The Amazing Race\". It premiered on November 16, 2004, and concluded on February 8, 2005. Season 6 featured 11 teams of two people, each with a pre-existing relationship, racing around the world. Engaged couple Freddy Holliday and Kendra Bentley were the winners of this season. A DVD for this season was released on April 24, 2012, via Amazon.com's CreateSpace program. In May 2004, CBS ordered the sixth installment of the show, despite the fact that \"The Amazing Race 5\" had not yet", "title": "The Amazing Race 6" }, { "id": "3589760", "text": "The Amazing Race 6 The Amazing Race 6 was the sixth installment of the U.S. reality television series \"The Amazing Race\". It premiered on November 16, 2004, and concluded on February 8, 2005. Season 6 featured 11 teams of two people, each with a pre-existing relationship, racing around the world. Engaged couple Freddy Holliday and Kendra Bentley were the winners of this season. A DVD for this season was released on April 24, 2012, via Amazon.com's CreateSpace program. In May 2004, CBS ordered the sixth installment of the show, despite the fact that \"The Amazing Race 5\" had not yet", "title": "The Amazing Race 6" }, { "id": "9908060", "text": "lowest viewership ever in this series. Ratings for the show since the move to Friday have remained steady, with seasons premieres maintaining around 6 million viewers and only small drops over the course of a given season. With the show's age, some of its current fans were not born when the show had first aired in 2001, and the production team used a concept like season 28, aired in 2016, where the use of YouTube and other Internet celebrities was intended to help bridge the gap between long-time and new fans. The 30th season of the show was moved by", "title": "The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "18455367", "text": "The Amazing Race 26 The Amazing Race 26 is the 26th installment of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". In this installment, eleven teams of dating couples (six existing couples and five blind date teams who met for the first time at the start of the race) competed in a race around the world for a $1 million (USD) grand prize. The season premiered on CBS for the 2014–15 television season with a special 90-minute episode on Wednesday, February 25, 2015. Following the premiere, the program aired in the same time slot that the previous season of \"The Amazing", "title": "The Amazing Race 26" }, { "id": "9908014", "text": "prize of . As the original version of the \"Amazing Race\" franchise, the CBS program has been running since 2001. Numerous international versions have been developed following the same core structure, while the U.S. version is also broadcast to several other markets. The most recent season, the show's 30th, premiered on January 3, 2018, and aired over eight weeks. On November 27, 2018, it was announced that season 31 would premiere on May 22, 2019. The show was created by Elise Doganieri and Bertram van Munster, who, along with Jonathan Littman, serve as executive producers. The show is produced by", "title": "The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "9908038", "text": "Jenna Morasca, Keith Tollefson, and Whitney Duncan from \"Survivor\"; and \"The Fabulous Beekman Boys\" stars Josh Kilmer-Purcell and Brent Ridge. Several professional athletes have also participated, including the Harlem Globetrotters Herbert \"Flight Time\" Lang and Nathaniel \"Big Easy\" Lofton; former NFL players Ken Greene, Marcus Pollard, Chester Pitts, and Ephraim Salaam; professional bull and bronco rider Cord McCoy; professional snowboarders Andy Finch and Amy Purdy; Ironman Triathlon competitor Sarah Reinertsen; Major League Soccer goalkeeper Andrew Weber; professional hockey players Bates Battaglia and Anthony Battaglia; professional surfer and survivor of a shark attack Bethany Hamilton, former NBA All-Star Shawn Marion and", "title": "The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "9908015", "text": "Earthview Inc. (headed by Doganieri and van Munster), Jerry Bruckheimer Television for CBS Television Studios and ABC Studios (a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company). The series has been hosted by veteran New Zealand television personality Phil Keoghan since its inception. Since the inception of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program in 2003, \"The Amazing Race\" has won it ten out of fourteen times; the show has also won other awards and commendations. Although it has moved around several prime time slots since its inception, the program has averaged about 10 million viewers per season. \"The Amazing Race\"", "title": "The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "19440399", "text": "Brooke Camhi and Scott Flanary were the winners of this season of the \"Race\". In March 2016, CBS renewed \"The Amazing Race\" for the 2016–17 TV season, but was left out of the Fall schedule for the first time since season 12 and the entire Fall schedule run since the 2003–04 TV season. The show's Friday time slot instead went to new drama series \"MacGyver\". It was announced in November 2016 that the season would premiere Friday, April 21, 2017 in its regular Friday time slot after \"MacGyver\" had finished its season run. On March 10, 2017, CBS announced that", "title": "The Amazing Race 29" }, { "id": "14530448", "text": "season that year. Cord McCoy Cord Jarret McCoy (born August 19, 1980) is an American former professional bull and saddle bronc rider who is best known as the 2nd-place finisher (along with his brother Jet McCoy) on \"The Amazing Race 16\". Jet and Cord returned to compete in the eighteenth season of \"The Amazing Race\", finishing in 6th Place. Jet and Cord returned for \"The Amazing Race 24\" also known as the \"The Amazing Race All-Stars\" finishing in 5th Place. McCoy was born in Durant, Oklahoma, to parents Denny McCoy, a rancher and horse trader, and Janet McCoy, a professional", "title": "Cord McCoy" }, { "id": "20169677", "text": "\"Race\", making them the first team previously cast on \"Big Brother\" to win \"The Amazing Race\". As seen before in seasons \"25\" and \"27\", the show's website announced they would begin filming on October 1, 2017, at Washington Square Park in New York City, and invited fans to join them as they saw the new teams off. This season introduced \"Head-to-Head\" competitions, pitting two teams directly against one another, to the original \"Race\". Such competitions already appeared in several international versions of the show (Latin American, Israeli, Norwegian, Philippine, Chinese, and Canadian). Additionally for the first time, teams swapped partners", "title": "The Amazing Race 30" }, { "id": "11887504", "text": "The Amazing Race 14 The Amazing Race 14 is the fourteenth installment of the American reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". This season featured 11 teams of two, with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around the world. The season premiered on Sunday, February 15, 2009, at 8:00 p.m. ET/PT and aired on Sunday nights with the season finale on May 10, 2009. The show was again hosted by Phil Keoghan. Siblings Tamara Tien-Jan \"Tammy\" and Victor Jih were the winners of this season's race, and are the first Asian American contestants to win the competition. The complete season was", "title": "The Amazing Race 14" }, { "id": "19147508", "text": "van Munster stated that the use of social media stars was also something suggested by CBS, due to the fact that CBS wanted to see the show to gain more involvement with social media. \"Bondi Rescue\" star Anthony \"Harries\" Carroll made a cameo appearance in the second Indonesia leg at Nusa Ceningan. The following teams participated in the Race, each listed along with their relationships as announced by CBS. Episode titles are often taken from quotes made by the racers. The prize for each leg was awarded to the first place team for that leg. Trips were provided by Travelocity.", "title": "The Amazing Race 28" }, { "id": "12438622", "text": "fourth member of the jury. In the fall of 2014, Duncan and her then-fiancé, fellow \"Survivor: South Pacific\" castaway Keith Tollefson, competed together on the 25th season of \"The Amazing Race\", where they placed in 8th place. Duncan was born on August 3, 1984 in Scotts Hill, Tennessee, a town consisting of only 900 people. Her father is a state environmentalist and her mother is a schoolteacher. Her grandfather introduced her to music. Duncan began singing at her church, later performing in local talent shows, fairs, and festivals. She would also travel to the neighboring states of Kentucky and Missouri", "title": "Whitney Duncan" }, { "id": "18828212", "text": "viral \"Amazing Race\" proposal video. After the race, winners Kelsey and Joey got engaged. They eventually married on August 25, 2017. Krista later appeared as the Pit Stop greeter in leg 2 at New York City on \"HaMerotz LaMillion 6\", the Israeli version of the \"Race\". Justin & Diana also appeared on Season 30 as the attendance at the starting line. The following teams participated in the 27th season of \"The Amazing Race.\" Each team is listed with their relationship status, as announced by CBS, and the name used on the show's chyrons. Episode titles are often taken from quotes", "title": "The Amazing Race 27" }, { "id": "9908069", "text": "a \"TARCon\" event in New York City along with the season's teams and other former racers. \"The Amazing Race\" won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program for the first seven years after the creation of the award in 2003, and ten of the twelve years since its creation, against other, more popular reality TV shows such as \"Survivor\", \"Dancing with the Stars\", and \"American Idol\". Its streak was ended in 2010 when \"Top Chef\" won the Emmy for this category. Host Phil Keoghan revealed in an interview that the show's loss that year made him and the producers", "title": "The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "17679954", "text": "The Amazing Race 24 The Amazing Race 24 (also known as The Amazing Race: All-Stars) is the twenty-fourth installment of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\" that featured eleven teams of two – each returning from a previous edition for the first time since Season 18 – in a race around the world for a $1 million prize. The season premiered on February 23, 2014 on CBS, and the season finale was broadcast on May 18, 2014. Father and son David \"Dave\" and Connor O'Leary from Season 22 were the winners of the \"Race\". They are the first parent-child", "title": "The Amazing Race 24" }, { "id": "20659064", "text": "The Amazing Race 31 The Amazing Race 31 is the upcoming thirty-first installment of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". It features eleven teams of two – each consisting of contestants from previous seasons of \"Big Brother\", \"Survivor\", and \"The Amazing Race\" – in a race around the world for a US$1 million grand prize. The season is scheduled to premiere on May 22, 2019. On June 10, 2018, the show announced on its social media accounts that the \"Race\" had begun filming. On July 3, 2018, the show concluded in Detroit, which featured a performance of The White", "title": "The Amazing Race 31" }, { "id": "15514641", "text": "they can live at the farm full-time. In 2012, CBS announced that Ridge and Purcell had been cast in the 21st season of \"The Amazing Race\", ultimately becoming the season's grand prize winners. Ridge grew up in Randleman, NC. He graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with a B.S in Public Health. He was accepted into the University of North Carolina School of Medicine as part of the Early Acceptance Program. During medical school, he was awarded fellowships to study socialized medicine in England as well as a grant from the American Federation of Aging Research", "title": "Brent Ridge" }, { "id": "19515257", "text": "HaMerotz LaMillion 5 HaMerotz LaMillion (, \"lit.\" The Race to the Million) is an Israeli reality television game show based on the American series, \"The Amazing Race\". The fifth installment of the series features 14 teams of two with a pre-existing relationship in a race around the world to win ₪1,000,000. This season premiered on 17 May 2016 on Channel 2 hosted by Ron Shahar. Father and son Amit and Raz Gal were the winners of this season. Amit, who was at the age of 63 at time of filming and turned 64 during the course of filming, surpasses David", "title": "HaMerotz LaMillion 5" }, { "id": "19147507", "text": "The cast consisted of Internet celebrities and their relatives and friends. Most of the cast had achieved prior fame through social media platforms including YouTube, Vine and Instagram. Keoghan stated that the use of social media stars was considered a \"social experiment\" attempting to bridge the gap between long-time fans of the show and younger viewers who may not have been born when the show first aired in 2001. Keoghan stated that bringing in contestants that younger viewers may be more familiar with, particularly when promoted over social media, generated interest in earlier seasons of the show. Executive producer Bertram", "title": "The Amazing Race 28" }, { "id": "15047441", "text": "by Phil Keoghan. Sisters LaKisha \"Kisha\" and Jennifer \"Jen\" Hoffman were the winners of this edition of the race. \"The Amazing Race 18\" was the first season of the United States series to be broadcast on high-definition television. While most other prime-time television shows have transitioned to high definition, including other reality television shows, previous seasons of \"The Amazing Race\" have used standard-definition television due to the cost and fragility of high-definition recording equipment. International versions of \"The Amazing Race\", including the fourth Asian and second Latin American seasons, had already transitioned to high-definition. Also, many previous editions of Elimination", "title": "The Amazing Race 18" }, { "id": "18828211", "text": "sponsorship for this season. This was, therefore, the first American edition, or any International version, with no production-provided vehicles to be driven by the racers since \"The Amazing Race\"'s inception in 2001. New episodes had the intro shortened despite the use of commercials. The cast included TMZ staff Kelly Berning (editor) and Shevonne Sullivan (post production supervisor), reporters Kelsey Gerckens and Joey Buttitta from KEYT-TV, former New York Jets cheerleaders Tiffany Chantell Torres and Krista DeBono, and former \"America's Best Dance Crew\" contestants Ernest \"E-Knock\" Phillips and Jayjion \"Jin Lao\" Greer. Justin Scheman and Diana Bishop are known for their", "title": "The Amazing Race 27" }, { "id": "14214611", "text": "broadcast in Standard Definition. Anesthesiologists Natalie \"Nat\" Strand and Katherine \"Kat\" Chang were the winners of the \"Race\", and were the first all-female team to win the American edition of the competition. The season was released by CBS DVD on November 4, 2014, in a DVD set including all episodes and its accompanying Elimination Station web series. It was only made available through online purchase, manufactured by Amazon.com's CreateSpace. CBS renewed the 17th edition of \"The Amazing Race\" on January 25, 2010. The season premiered on September 26, 2010, with a special 90-minute episode; it returned to its regular hour-long", "title": "The Amazing Race 17" }, { "id": "13804614", "text": "Schroeder.On March 23, 2018 Jordan announced via Twitter baby number 2 is due in September 2018. On September 7, 2018 they welcomed their second son, Layton Sarti Schroeder. During the summer of 2010, Lloyd hosted a segment on RealPlayer SuperPass called \"Home Life With Jordan\" discussing Big Brother 12, along with fellow Big Brother alumna, Chelsia Hart. Jordan Lloyd Jordan Hailie Schroeder (; born November 21, 1986) is an American reality television participant, and the winner of the 11th season of \"Big Brother\". Lloyd has also participated in reality shows including \"The Amazing Race 16\", \"Big Brother 13\" and \"Marriage", "title": "Jordan Lloyd" }, { "id": "2766548", "text": "in CBS reality series \"\" and finished in 9th place. She would later participate in another CBS reality series \"The Amazing Race 25\", with her fellow \"Survivor\" contestant and fiancé Keith Tollefson; they finished in 8th place. in 2018 she Released her second Album Golden Hour (album) on March 30, 2018, On November 14 2018 She Won her first CMA AwardsThe Album of the Year With Golden Hour (album). In Season 6, the show moved from USA Network to NBC. The move to NBC (and E! in Canada) came with a few format changes to the show, including the first", "title": "Nashville Star" }, { "id": "19440398", "text": "The Amazing Race 29 The Amazing Race 29 is the twenty-ninth installment of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". Unlike previous seasons, which almost exclusively feature teams with preexisting relationships, this edition features 22 contestants who were all complete strangers; they met for the first time and formed eleven teams of two at the starting line. These teams competed in a race around the world for a grand prize. The season premiered on Thursday March 30, 2017, on CBS for the 2016–17 television season replacing the low-rated action series \"Training Day\". The season finale aired on June 1, 2017.", "title": "The Amazing Race 29" }, { "id": "8776779", "text": "Josh Kilmer-Purcell Josh Kilmer-Purcell (born August 28, 1969) is an American writer, businessperson, and television personality. In addition to his New York Times and National Bestselling memoirs, his life has been documented in the television reality show \"The Fabulous Beekman Boys\" with his husband, Brent Ridge. He has written articles for NPR, Huffington Post, Publishers Weekly, AdWeek, OUT Magazine & others. The pair also participated in the 21st season of \"The Amazing Race\", ultimately becoming the season's grand prize winners. In 2010, Discovery Network's Planet Green channel debuted a reality television series about Kilmer-Purcell and Ridge, titled \"The Fabulous Beekman", "title": "Josh Kilmer-Purcell" }, { "id": "13364371", "text": "Victor Jih Victor Hao-Jan Jih () is an American lawyer and contestant on the 14th season of \"The Amazing Race\", a reality television game show produced by CBS. He and his sister, Tammy Jih, were the winners of the competition and one million dollar grand prize. In 2011, Jih was honoured by the National Law Journal as one of the \"Minority 40 Under 40\" lawyers. Victor Jih was born and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area along with two younger siblings. He graduated from Leigh High School, Stanford University with a B.A. in Political Science in 1993, and Harvard", "title": "Victor Jih" }, { "id": "10934059", "text": "Amy Diaz Amy Diaz (born August 6, 1984) is an American actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who competed in the Miss USA 2008 and Miss Earth United States 2009. She is from Providence, Rhode Island. Diaz, along with her husband Jason Case, won the twenty-third installment of the U.S. reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". Diaz attended Classical High School in Providence, Rhode Island. She is of Dominican descent. She graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast Communication with a Minor in Psychology from Barry University. In May 2007 she completed dual master's degrees in Business", "title": "Amy Diaz" }, { "id": "17679955", "text": "team to win the American edition of the competition; at age 58 at the time of filming, Dave is also the oldest person to win the American edition of \"The Amazing Race\". The season's course traveled across three continents and through eight countries including China, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Italy and, for the first time, Wales. This season's 11 teams were selected from past contestants, going as far back as Season 14. This includes three teams competing for a third time. The returning teams and their prior race placements are: Mark was originally set to compete with Bopper, but Bopper began", "title": "The Amazing Race 24" }, { "id": "12423296", "text": "TNA workers, was featured in an episode of MTV's \"Made\". In 2014, Strauss and former TNA Knockout Brooke Adams participated in the 25th season of \"The Amazing Race\". They survived until the middle part of the final leg of the race, where they were the eighth team to be eliminated and placed fourth. Robbie E Robert Strauss (born October 1, 1983) is an American professional wrestler, he is best known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under the ring name Robbie E, where he is a former two-time TNA World Tag Team Champion with Jessie Godderz, while also", "title": "Robbie E" }, { "id": "19749277", "text": "Jenny Wu Jenny Wu is an Asian-American lawyer, fashion blogger, TV personality, and actress best known for her fashion blog, Good, Bad, and Fab, and her appearance on Season 26 of \"The Amazing Race\" on CBS. Jenny was born in Shanghai, China, and grew up in Arcadia, California, where she graduated from Arcadia High School. She attended the University of Southern California, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science in 2003, and a Juris Doctor degree from the USC Gould School of Law in 2007. Jenny began her career in the fashion industry at True Religion", "title": "Jenny Wu" }, { "id": "10934064", "text": "environmental organizations. There were 80 delegates from different countries and territories competed in the event. She competed in the 2010 pageant held in Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia on May 20. She placed 2nd runner-up. Amy Diaz Amy Diaz (born August 6, 1984) is an American actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who competed in the Miss USA 2008 and Miss Earth United States 2009. She is from Providence, Rhode Island. Diaz, along with her husband Jason Case, won the twenty-third installment of the U.S. reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". Diaz attended Classical High School in Providence, Rhode Island. She is", "title": "Amy Diaz" }, { "id": "17916545", "text": "race. However, Phil eliminated one team in the middle of the final leg, leaving only three teams to be racing to the finish line for the $1 million grand prize. This season was the very first one in which all eleven teams finished legs in last place at one time or another. The cast included married professional surfers Bethany Hamilton—a shark attack survivor whose story was told in her memoirs and the film \"Soul Surfer\"—and Adam Dirks, former \"\" contestants and engaged couple Whitney Duncan and Keith Tollefson, and TNA Wrestling stars Brooke Adams and Robbie Strauss. Melody Chen from", "title": "The Amazing Race 25" }, { "id": "20250561", "text": "HaMerotz LaMillion 6 HaMerotz LaMillion (, \"lit.\" The Race to the Million) is an Israeli reality television game show based on the American series, \"The Amazing Race\". The sixth installment of the series features 12 teams of two with a pre-existing relationship in a race around the world to win ₪1,000,000. This season premiered on October 21, 2017 on Channel 2 until November 1, 2017 when the show moved to Reshet 13, one of two new stations launched following a split of the former, and is hosted by Ron Shahar. Married parents Evelin and Tohar Haimovich were the winners of", "title": "HaMerotz LaMillion 6" }, { "id": "13364378", "text": "Tammy Jih Murray Tamara Tien-Jan \"Tammy\" Jih Murray () (Born 1982) is an American lawyer and contestant on the 14th season of The Amazing Race, an American reality television game show. She and her eldest brother, Victor Jih, were the winners of the race. Tammy Jih Murray was born and raised in Los Gatos, California. Her parents immigrated from Taipei, Taiwan to study in the United States in the 1970s. Before emigrating to the US, her father received a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from National Taiwan University in 1968. He received his Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering from UC Berkeley in", "title": "Tammy Jih Murray" }, { "id": "14631664", "text": "the 30th season of \"The Amazing Race\", teaming with fellow IndyCar driver Alexander Rossi where they finished in 4th place. Daly's first cousin, Nicola Daly, is an Ireland women's field hockey international and was a member of the squad that won the silver medal at the 2018 Women's Hockey World Cup. She also works as a data engineer for Juncos Racing. Ineligible for series points Conor Daly Conor Daly (born December 15, 1991) is an American professional racecar driver. He currently competes part-time in the IndyCar Series, driving the No. 17 for Dale Coyne Racing with Thom Burns Racing. His", "title": "Conor Daly" }, { "id": "19749279", "text": "second place overall. In 2015, Jenny appeared as the character Theresa in the digital web series, \"Sorta My Thing\". In 2016, Jenny, her fiancé Michael, and their home buying search were featured on Season 8, Episode 9 of \"House Hunters Renovation\" on HGTV. Jenny Wu Jenny Wu is an Asian-American lawyer, fashion blogger, TV personality, and actress best known for her fashion blog, Good, Bad, and Fab, and her appearance on Season 26 of \"The Amazing Race\" on CBS. Jenny was born in Shanghai, China, and grew up in Arcadia, California, where she graduated from Arcadia High School. She attended", "title": "Jenny Wu" }, { "id": "20383253", "text": "The Amazing Race Canada 6 The sixth season of The Amazing Race Canada (also known as The Amazing Race Canada: Heroes Edition) is a reality game show based on the American series \"The Amazing Race\". It features ten teams of two consisting of everyday Canadian heroes. The grand prize includes: a cash payout, a \"once-in-a-lifetime\" trip for two around the world, and a 2018 Chevrolet Traverse Redline for each. For the sixth year in a row, Jon Montgomery returned as the host. The season premiered on July 3, 2018. Engaged couple Courtney Berglind and Adam Kovacs were the winners of", "title": "The Amazing Race Canada 6" }, { "id": "18473754", "text": "Natalie and Nadiya Anderson Natalie and Nadiya Anderson (born April 11, 1986) are identical twins and American television personalities. They appeared on \"The Amazing Race\" and \"\". Nadiya was the first contestant to be voted out, while Natalie was crowned Sole Survivor, winning the show's $1 million prize. Natalie and Nadiya were born in New York City to a Tamil father and a Sinhalese mother, but grew up in Sri Lanka during the Sri Lankan Civil War. Before participating in their first season on \"The Amazing Race\", both had moved to Edgewater, New Jersey. Natalie was studying physical therapy while", "title": "Natalie and Nadiya Anderson" }, { "id": "11887534", "text": "the correct order, they would receive their final clue. The Amazing Race 14 The Amazing Race 14 is the fourteenth installment of the American reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". This season featured 11 teams of two, with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around the world. The season premiered on Sunday, February 15, 2009, at 8:00 p.m. ET/PT and aired on Sunday nights with the season finale on May 10, 2009. The show was again hosted by Phil Keoghan. Siblings Tamara Tien-Jan \"Tammy\" and Victor Jih were the winners of this season's race, and are the first Asian American", "title": "The Amazing Race 14" }, { "id": "15567951", "text": "under the monikers \"EllesGlitterGossip\" and \"otherjuicystar07\", allowing subscribers to keep track of their daily lives outside of the YouTube community. Their respective second YouTube channels move away from purely beauty and fashion-related videos and branch into other topics such as health & fitness, their daily musings, and other random interests. In late 2015, it was announced that Blair and the girls' father, Scott, would be cast in \"The Amazing Race 28\", which will be a special edition with social media personalities but their season came to an end in Leg 7 where they placed 7th. Elle Fowler was born Lisa", "title": "Elle and Blair Fowler" }, { "id": "15047440", "text": "The Amazing Race 18 The Amazing Race 18 (also known as The Amazing Race: Unfinished Business) is the eighteenth installment of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". \"The Amazing Race 18\" featured eleven teams of two – each returning from a previous edition for the first time since Season 11 – in a race around the world for a $1 million prize. The eighteenth cycle started on Sunday, February 20, 2011. It aired on CBS in the United States on Sunday nights at 8:00 pm ET/PT with the two-hour season finale on May 8, 2011. The show is hosted", "title": "The Amazing Race 18" }, { "id": "4635165", "text": "The Amazing Race 9 The Amazing Race 9 is the ninth installment of the American reality television show \"The Amazing Race.\" The season featured eleven teams of two, all with pre-existing relationships, in a race around the world for a grand prize. The show premiered on Tuesday, February 28, 2006, and concluded on May 17, 2006. Best friends B. J. Averell and Tyler MacNiven were the winners of this \"Race\". A DVD set of this season was released on October 23, 2012, via Amazon.com's CreateSpace program. \"The Amazing Race 9\" lasted 27 days during which participants traveled over . Filming", "title": "The Amazing Race 9" }, { "id": "7546223", "text": "three children, sons Nick, Preston, and Tennessee, and one grandson, Logan. His wife is actress Donna Jay Fulks. Fulks' oldest son, Nick Fulks, and father-in-law, Donald Jerousek, were contestants on season 12 of \"The Amazing Race.\" They placed third. Robbie Fulks Robert \"Robbie\" Fulks (born March 25, 1963) is an American alternative country singer-songwriter, instrumentalist and long-time Chicago, Illinois resident. He has released 13 albums over a career spanning more than 30 years. His most recent record, \"Upland Stories,\" was nominated for a Grammy for Best Folk Album and the song “Alabama at Night,” was nominated for a Grammy for", "title": "Robbie Fulks" }, { "id": "13364381", "text": "since appeared as guests on many television talk shows including The Bonnie Hunt Show and Live with Regis and Kelly. Jih Murray is married to fellow Harvard Law classmate Mark John Murray. Jih Murray's father was graduate school housemate with the father of Cindy Halvorsen (née Chiang), the 19th season's winner of The Amazing Race. Tammy Jih Murray Tamara Tien-Jan \"Tammy\" Jih Murray () (Born 1982) is an American lawyer and contestant on the 14th season of The Amazing Race, an American reality television game show. She and her eldest brother, Victor Jih, were the winners of the race. Tammy", "title": "Tammy Jih Murray" }, { "id": "13515331", "text": "again hosted by Phil Keoghan. Brothers Daniel \"Dan\" and Jordan Pious were the winners of this \"Race\". The season was released by CBS DVD on November 4, 2014, in a DVD set including all episodes and its accompanying Elimination Station webseries. It was made available only through online purchase, manufactured by Amazon's CreateSpace. The sixteenth season spanned across five continents and nine countries, including Chile, Argentina, Germany, Singapore, China and for the first time, Seychelles. Racers were observed leaving Los Angeles International Airport on November 28, 2009. For the third time, teams had to use public transportation to make their", "title": "The Amazing Race 16" }, { "id": "14075215", "text": "The Amazing Race en Discovery Channel 2 The Amazing Race en Discovery Channel is a Latin American version of the American reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". The second season featured eleven teams of two, with a pre-existing relationship, in a race across Latin America to win US$250,000. The second season premiered on Sunday 26 September 2010 at 11.00 p.m (). This was the final season to be aired in Discovery Channel Latin America. Mexican brothers Mauricio and Carlos Coarasa are the winners of the race. Discovery Channel greenlit the second installment on November 2009. Race locations were scouted in", "title": "The Amazing Race en Discovery Channel 2" }, { "id": "18199245", "text": "was hosted once again by , who was joined by Ecuadorian presenter Jaime Arellano. This is the first time in the worldwide history of the format that the race is presented by a pair of hosts, as opposed to a single presenter. Brothers-in-law from Ecuador, Giovanni López & Juan Carlos Estrada, were the winners of the race. Casting for this season was held from 1 May to 10 July 2014 for Latin America. Filming began in late July, to finish in August 2014. The cast was revealed on 28 July 2014. The premiere of the new season aired in October", "title": "The Amazing Race 6 (Latin America)" }, { "id": "8397037", "text": "by Jeffery Lau, playing the titular role of Sun Wukong. Han also competed on and won the 2nd season of \"The Amazing Race\" with teammate Wu Xin. On November 30, 2015, Han released his third album \"San Geng\". He announced that this would be his final album release, and he will focus on performance in the future. In 2016, Han announced that he will be starring in the science fiction drama \"Hard Memory\". He also acts as the executive producer of the series. In 2017, Han was cast in the fantasy suspense film \"The Great Detective\". In July, he featured", "title": "Han Geng" }, { "id": "7575708", "text": "1, 2013, courtesy of Amazon's CreateSpace program. Dating couple Eric Sanchez and Danielle Turner, who had competed on opposing teams on \"The Amazing Race 9\", won this edition of the race. They were the first team in the American version to win a season without relying on a Fast Forward or a Yield, and also the first winners to win only the final leg of the race. As early as 2004, there had been talk about an all-star edition, with speculation that it would occur during the eighth season, as with \"Survivor\". These rumors were fueled by reports that season", "title": "The Amazing Race 11" }, { "id": "17185863", "text": "The Amazing Race 23 The Amazing Race 23 is the twenty-third installment of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". It featured eleven teams of two people, each with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around the world for a grand prize. The season premiered on September 29, 2013, at 8 p.m. ET/PT on CBS, with the two-hour season finale airing on December 8, 2013. Dating couple Jason Case and Amy Diaz were the winners of this season of The Amazing Race. The season was renewed on March 27, 2013 for the 2013–14 TV season. A revised opening credits sequence", "title": "The Amazing Race 23" }, { "id": "3587636", "text": "of Season 17, and sisters Kisha & Jen, the winners of Season 18. Alison of CBS's Big Brother 4 was the first contestant on a previously aired reality show to take part in this \"Race\". Alison later appeared on \"Big Brother: All Stars\" and was the first person voted out. In 2005, Chip, Kim, Charla and Mirna all competed on the Bravo reality series \"Battle of the Network Reality Stars\", along with 28 other individuals from various reality series. Mirna was a member of the winning team. The show also featured Miss Uruguay Natalia Rodriguez Lassiy, who competed in Miss", "title": "The Amazing Race 5" }, { "id": "3597558", "text": "appear in any of the Cavaliers' six games, a series the Cavaliers lost 4–2 to the Golden State Warriors. On June 18, 2015, Marion announced his retirement from the NBA after 16 seasons. Marion played for the United States national team at the 2001 Goodwill Games in Brisbane, 2002 FIBA World Championship in Indianapolis, and 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, winning gold in Brisbane and bronze in Athens. Marion and his ex-partner have a son. In 2017, Marion teamed up with fellow retired NBA player Cedric Ceballos to compete in Season 30 of \"The Amazing Race\". In February 2018, Marion", "title": "Shawn Marion" }, { "id": "12860930", "text": "HaMerotz LaMillion 1 HaMerotz LaMillion (, \"lit.\" The Race to the Million) is an Israeli reality television game show based on the American series, \"The Amazing Race\". The first installment of the series features 10 teams of two with a pre-existing relationship in a race around the world to win ₪1,000,000. This season premiered on February 5, 2009 on Channel 2 with the finale on June 11, 2009 and was hosted by Raz Meirman. Business partners Shay Kahana & Guy Osadon are the winners of this season. Differing from most of the other franchises of the series, the last leg", "title": "HaMerotz LaMillion 1" }, { "id": "5666194", "text": "co-wrote, co-produces, and co-stars in the film as Hagan. It was released in January 2016, making it among the first titles that Rooster Teeth's parent company, Fullscreen, will be distributing in its newly launched feature film division. Burns appeared in the 2015 short film, \"Hit\", as Officer Harris and the sports comedy-drama \"The Outfield\". Burns is slated to appear in the YouTube Red series \"12 Deadly Days\" from Blumhouse Television. Burns has participated in two episodes of the improvisational comedy game show \"@midnight\". In 2015, Burns took part in season 28 of \"The Amazing Race\" with his fiancée, Ashley Jenkins,", "title": "Burnie Burns" }, { "id": "15514645", "text": "Epicurious.com named Brent and his partner, Josh Kilmer-Purcell, among others as “The next Martha Stewarts”. In 2013, Josh and Brent were invited to compete on Season 21 of The Amazing Race on CBS. After being the perpetual underdogs of the season, the couple rallied at the end to win and take home the million dollar grand prize. The prize enabled Josh to leave his job in NYC and move to the farm full-time. After losing his job at MSO during the recession of 2008, Brent moved to a weekend property he had purchased in Sharon Springs, NY, and launched Beekman", "title": "Brent Ridge" }, { "id": "4768315", "text": "Alex Boylan Alex Boylan is known as a reality TV contestant, TV show host and producer. He first came to public attention as part of the winning team together with his friend Chris Luca in the second season of the reality TV show \"The Amazing Race\" in 2002. He was later involved in various TV projects such as \"Around the World For Free\" and \"Animal Attractions Television\". Alex Boylan grew up in Boston. When he was sixteen, he spent a year playing semi-pro soccer for the club \"Campinesse\" in Campina Grande, Brazil. He was a student at Jacksonville University studying", "title": "Alex Boylan" }, { "id": "16879689", "text": "The Amazing Race 22 The Amazing Race 22 is the twenty-second installment of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". It featured eleven teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around the world. The season premiered on February 17, 2013, at 8:00 p.m. EST/PST on CBS in the United States and the CTV Television Network (CTV) in Canada, with the two-hour season finale broadcast on May 5, 2013. Professional hockey players and brothers Jonathan \"Bates\" and Anthony Battaglia were the winners of \"The Amazing Race 22\". This season was broadcast in the mid-season of the 2012–13", "title": "The Amazing Race 22" }, { "id": "9117590", "text": "The Amazing Race 12 The Amazing Race 12 was the twelfth installment of US reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". It featured 11 teams of two, with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around the world. The 12th season premiered on November 4, 2007 at 8 p.m. ET/PT. It took the timeslot of the canceled CBS series \"Viva Laughlin\". The finale aired on January 20, 2008 at 8 p.m. ET/PT. Newly dating couple TK Erwin and Rachel Rosales were the winners of this season. A DVD for this season was released on March 24, 2014, via Amazon's CreateSpace program. In", "title": "The Amazing Race 12" }, { "id": "19147521", "text": "perform the dance on stage with members of the Georgian National Ballet. Once their performance was approved, the choreographer would give them their next clue. Additional tasks Airdate: April 15, 2016 The leg's Detour was a choice between Races and Oasis. In Races, teams traveled to Dubai Camel Race Track. There, they used bicycles to race against racing camels (which can reach speeds of up to ) on a 1.2 mile (2 km) straight course. If the teams finished ahead of the camels, they would receive their next clue. If they failed, they would be given an advantage for their", "title": "The Amazing Race 28" }, { "id": "17845172", "text": "Rachel Holm competed in the 28th season of American reality game show \"The Amazing Race\". They were eliminated during the ninth leg of the race being placed sixth in the overall standings. King was born and raised in Portland, Oregon. He is of half Chinese descent from his paternal side, one quarter Austrian and one quarter Nicaraguan descent from his maternal side. King made his first film when he was seven using a home video camera. When he was fourteen, he purchased video equipment including a Mac computer, cameras as well as a tripod and started making and editing videos.", "title": "Zach King" }, { "id": "15834798", "text": "HaMerotz LaMillion 2 HaMerotz LaMillion (, \"Race to the Million\") is an Israeli reality television game show based on the American series, \"The Amazing Race\". The show's second season featured 11 teams of two (in pre-existing relationships) in a race around the world to win ₪1,000,000. On February 11, 2011 Ron Shahar was announced as the show's new host, replacing Raz Meirman. Its second season premiered on October 25, 2011 and ended on February 11, 2012. The second-season finale was filmed on January 11, 2012 in Singapore. Painter and saleswoman Bar Ben-Vakil and Inna Broder were winners of the race.", "title": "HaMerotz LaMillion 2" }, { "id": "14530444", "text": "4 out of the 12 legs, and was the first team ever to go from last place on a non-elimination leg, complete a speed bump, and come in first place on the next leg. They won a pair of sailboats, and trips for two to Patagonia, Maui, and Alaska. In the final leg, they were placed 2nd, ultimately losing the one million dollar grand prize and \"The Amazing Race 16\" winners' title to brothers Dan and Jordan Pious. Cord, along with his brother Jet returned for the 18th season of the Amazing Race commonly known as . They won $5,000", "title": "Cord McCoy" }, { "id": "16465052", "text": "Amazing Race (France) Amazing Race : la plus grande course autour du monde ! () is a French version of the American reality show \"The Amazing Race\". Hosted by Alexandre Delpérier, it features nine teams of two with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around the world to win €50,000. The show was produced by Shine France in association with ABC Studios, distributed by The Walt Disney Company France and broadcast on D8. D8 began airing the season on Monday 22 October 2012, and D17 on Tuesday 23 October 2012, both at 8:50pm CEST (UST+2). The finale aired on 24", "title": "Amazing Race (France)" }, { "id": "14214615", "text": "due on February 4, 2010. Semi-finalist interviews were held in March 2010, and the final casting interviews took place in Los Angeles around March 2010. From there, eleven teams were selected as contestants and filming took place approximately from May to June 2010. The cast included a team of home shopping hosts, Internet entertainer Kevin Wu – popularly known as \"KevJumba\" – and his father Michael; Ivy League a cappella singers; and a birth mother and daughter who recently reunited following an adoption over twenty years earlier. This was the first season without a married couple. There were three beauty", "title": "The Amazing Race 17" }, { "id": "3587665", "text": "The Amazing Race 4 The Amazing Race 4 is the fourth installment of the U.S. reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". The show features twelve teams, divided in pairs usually based on pre-existing relationships. These teams then race around the world. Season 4 premiered on May 29, 2003 and concluded on August 21, 2003. Then-married couple Reichen Lehmkuhl and Chip Arndt were the winners of the race and are the first gay couple to win the competition. The complete season was released on DVD on November 29, 2011. The fourth season of \"The Amazing Race\" spanned across four continents with", "title": "The Amazing Race 4" }, { "id": "19785056", "text": "The Amazing Race Canada 5 The fifth season of The Amazing Race Canada is a reality game show based on the American series \"The Amazing Race\". It features teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship. The grand prize includes: a cash payout, a \"once-in-a-lifetime\" trip for two around the world, and a 2018 Chevrolet Equinox \"True North Edition\" for each. For the fifth year in a row, Jon Montgomery returned as the host. The season premiered on July 4, 2017, with the season finale airing on September 12. Dating couple Sam Lambert and Paul Mitskopoulos were the winners of", "title": "The Amazing Race Canada 5" }, { "id": "13515336", "text": "December 2009. Notable cast members include \"Big Brother 11\" houseguests Jordan Lloyd and Jeff Schroeder, 2007 Miss South Carolina Teen USA Caite Upton, professional bull rider Cord McCoy, and Cleveland Indians third-base coach Steve Smith. Caite, 20, was the youngest contestant in the show's history (excluding the Family Edition); while Jody Kelly, 71, was the oldest contestant in the show's history. Other racers included cowboys, detectives, a lesbian couple, high school sweethearts, attorney moms, and the show's first Asian married couple. This 16th series also marked the first appearance of Allan Wu, host of \"The Amazing Race Asia\" and \"\",", "title": "The Amazing Race 16" }, { "id": "20267678", "text": "The Amazing Race China 4 The Amazing Race China 4 () is the fourth installment of the Chinese reality television series The Amazing Race China (). Based on the American reality TV series \"The Amazing Race\", it features eight teams of two in a race around the world. By-Health left the main sponsor, changing HeiHeiRu as the main sponsor for this season. The season premiered on August 4, 2017. The season finale aired on October 6. Married couple Jia Jingwen (Alyssia Chia) and Xiu Jiekai were the winners of this season. Following the last season theme's using Summer Olympic as", "title": "The Amazing Race China 4" }, { "id": "20267652", "text": "The Amazing Race China 4 The Amazing Race China 4 () is the fourth installment of the Chinese reality television series The Amazing Race China (). Based on the American reality TV series \"The Amazing Race\", it features eight teams of two in a race around the world. By-Health left the main sponsor, changing HeiHeiRu as the main sponsor for this season. The season premiered on August 4, 2017. The season finale aired on October 6. Married couple Jia Jingwen (Alyssia Chia) and Xiu Jiekai were the winners of this season. Following the last season theme's using Summer Olympic as", "title": "The Amazing Race China 4" }, { "id": "14361238", "text": "The Amazing Race en Discovery Channel 1 The Amazing Race en Discovery Channel (; ) is a Latin American reality television game show based on the American series, \"The Amazing Race\". The first season of the show featured eleven teams of two with a pre-existing relationship, in a race across Latin America to win US$250,000. The race was produced by RGB Entertainment. The host of the show is Harris Whitbeck. The Amazing Race en Discovery Channel premiered on Sunday 20 September 2009 at 10:00 p.m.(UTC-5). The season finale was aired on 13 December 2009 at 10:00 p.m. (UTC-5). Argentine married", "title": "The Amazing Race en Discovery Channel 1" }, { "id": "3587058", "text": "The Amazing Race 2 The Amazing Race 2 is the second season of the American reality television game show, \"The Amazing Race\". The race features eleven teams of two, with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around the world. It was premiered on March 11, 2002 and ended on May 15, 2002. Lifelong friends Chris Luca and Alex Boylan were the winners of this \"Race\". The second season of \"The Amazing Race\" traveled 52,000 miles in 28 days, spanning 5 continents and 8 different countries. Filming occurred between January and February 2002. The \"Race\" visited the countries of Brazil, Namibia,", "title": "The Amazing Race 2" }, { "id": "2595287", "text": "for \"Outstanding Reality-Competition Program.\" Emmy-award-winning New Zealand television personality Phil Keoghan has been the host of the U.S. version of the show since its inception. The show has branched out to include a number of international versions following a similar format. \"Unless otherwise indicated, the seasons are referring to the U.S. version of the series, hosted by Phil Keoghan.\" Typically, each cycle of the \"Race\" features eleven teams. Each team is composed of two people with a pre-existing relationship, such as dating, married, and divorced couples; siblings; parent and child; lifelong friends; sports team colleagues; and co-workers. However, some seasons", "title": "The Amazing Race" }, { "id": "15920376", "text": "appearing in a Hollywood production of \"The Real Drunk Housewives of San Fernando Valley\", a musical parody of the television show. Reilly and then-fiancé Brendon Villegas were on the season 20 of \"The Amazing Race\", which premiered on February 19, 2012. They ended up in 3rd place out of 11 teams in the final leg, losing to border patrol agents of Art Velez and J.J. Carrell (runners-up) and the married couple Rachel and Dave Brown, Jr. (winners). During the competition, Reilly was shown breaking down into tears several times, and also got into arguments with competitor Vanessa Macias. After their", "title": "Rachel Reilly" }, { "id": "2595366", "text": "Race to the Million). Its first season premiered on February 5, 2009, on Channel 2. The show is produced by Reshet and activeTV, an Australian production company that had also produced the Asian version of the race. The third series premiered on May 11, 2013. In 2017 Reshet has launched their own channel and aired a new season of the show (\"HaMerotz LaMillion 6\"). In March 2010, a Chinese version of the show, \"\", was announced by the Disney–ABC International Television Asia Pacific. The show was produced by Shanghai-based international production company Fly Films; the company had previously produced Shanghai", "title": "The Amazing Race" }, { "id": "13993252", "text": "the 2010–11 season Langton won the Inaugural World Push Championships held in Cesana Pariol, Italy. He has also won 21 World Cup medals: 11 gold, 7 silver and 3 bronze. It was announced on January 21, 2015 that Langton would be a cast member on the 26th installment of The Amazing Race on CBS. He was paired with fellow Olympian, American short track speed skater and girlfriend, Alyson Dudek. The season premiered on February 25, 2015. Their season has come to an end in Leg 8 with a 6th Place finish due to being 2nd U-Turned by Laura & Tyler.", "title": "Steven Langton" }, { "id": "3587105", "text": "moms, law school graduates, a Vietnam War veteran, and a set of model twins. Jill and her brother F.T. originally applied for Season 1, but after F.T was killed in 9/11, John Vito and Jill applied in remembrance of him. John Vito and Jill subsequently hosted a show that promoted Singapore tourism. Teri and Ian, along with John Vito and Jill were selected to compete in \"The Amazing Race All-Stars\" among a cast of returning teams from seasons 1-10. Zach later worked on NBC's production crew for the 2004 Summer Olympics. He later married Elyse Steinberg in Hopewell Junction, New", "title": "The Amazing Race 3" }, { "id": "14888262", "text": "Mallory Ervin Mallory Christina Ervin (born October 26, 1985) is an American YouTube personality, former entertainer and former beauty pageant titleholder from Morganfield, Kentucky. She held the title of Miss Kentucky 2009 and was 4th runner-up to Miss America 2010. In September 2010, it was announced that she competed on \"The Amazing Race 17\" with her father Gary Ervin. \"The Amazing Race\" was filmed in May and June 2010 and premiered on September 26, 2010. Gary and Mallory were also one of the teams to return for \"The Amazing Race 18\", which premiered on February 20, 2011. Ervin returned to", "title": "Mallory Ervin" }, { "id": "9342135", "text": "not. Denk had also appeared as a guest star on the fourth season \"Felony Flight\" of \"\" in 2005. Denk is currently on the cover packaging of Hanes products. Both Tyler and James were friends with the US edition of winner Aras Baskauskas. Tyler Denk Tyler Denk (born September 26, 1976) is an American model notable for his appearance on tenth season of \"The Amazing Race\", which he won along with teammate James Branaman. Born in Columbus, Ohio, Denk and his teammate Branaman both traveled four continents, 13 countries and 44,000 miles before crossing the finish line in Garrison, New", "title": "Tyler Denk" }, { "id": "2595332", "text": "of seven on the first leg; each group began the race at separate starting lines, and had separate tasks to complete before reaching the Pit Stop, which is a standard end-of-leg elimination. The groups were then merged at the start of the second leg, where the 12 remaining teams compete on the same leg and completing the same tasks as usual. The Express Pass, introduced in season 17, is usually awarded as a prize on an early leg (usually the first leg, though it was awarded on the second leg of season 21, or the sixth leg in season 28),", "title": "The Amazing Race" }, { "id": "19823757", "text": "\"The Pitch\", and \"Out For Laughs\". Steele made a memorable appearance on The Amazing Race Canada in season 2, coming in 3rd place with co-worker Rob Goddard. While Goodmurphy has been in Super Channel's \"Too Much Information\" with Geri Hall, Mark Forward and Lauren Ash, as well as Thirty Seventeen directed by Michael Coleman. The duo was short-listed for a Canadian Comedy Award in the \"Best Live Ensemble\" category in 2016. In early 2018 the duo's short film \"White Wine Boys Club\" won first prize at the Vancouver Just For Laughs Film Festival, as well as the Grand Prize competing", "title": "The Ryan and Amy Show" }, { "id": "3586892", "text": "along with Joe & Bill, to participate in the All-Stars edition among a cast of returning teams from seasons 1-10. Runner up Frank Mesa made an appearance at the starting line of season 25. Winners Rob & Brennan made an appearance at the starting line of Season 27. Margaretta Groark died on October 26, 2008, after a long battle with cancer, at the age of 67. Nancy Hoyt died on December 8, 2011, after a long battle with ALS, at the age of 56. Season 1 was not particularly a ratings success; the series premiered six days prior to the", "title": "The Amazing Race 1" } ]

[ "Hulk Hogan" ]

[ { "id": "2222609", "text": "his employment with WWE, at the behest of The Undertaker. The Undertaker then accepted Michaels' rematch offer, after initially declining, at WrestleMania XXVI in a Streak vs. career match, where Undertaker was victorious and Shawn Michaels was forced to retire. This match also made both the Undertaker and Michaels the first men in WWE history to main event WrestleMania in three different decades. (Undertaker main evented WrestleMania 13 and 24 in 1997 and 2008 and Micheals main evented WrestleMania's 12 and 14 in 1996 and 1998 and the 20th and 23rd editions in 2004 and 2007 respectively.) After a hiatus", "title": "The Undertaker" }, { "id": "2044356", "text": "in 1996 and performed as the villainous New World Order (nWo) leader \"Hollywood\" Hulk Hogan. A regular pay-per-view main eventer and box office draw in both organizations, Hogan headlined the premier annual events of the WWF and WCW, WrestleMania a record eight times (also being the only one who closed five WrestleMania events in a row) and Starrcade three times; against Sting, he closed the most profitable WCW pay-per-view ever at the 1997 edition of Starrcade. Aside from those promotions, he has notably performed for the American Wrestling Association (AWA), New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA).", "title": "Hulk Hogan" }, { "id": "1367334", "text": "dictionaries since 2007. The Rock was the first wrestler to win the WWF/E Championship six times, then seven times. Rock's Intercontinental Championship's reign in 1997–98 lasted 265 days and is the longest intercontinental title reign of the modern era (the last 24 years). Rock is the only wrestler to introduce a different design of both the Intercontinental Championship (shortly after WrestleMania XIV) and the WWE Championship (on February 18, 2013 episode of \"Raw\"). The Rock also holds the record for most \"Raw\" shows main-evented in one year (38 in 2000), most SmackDown shows main evented in one year (36 in", "title": "Dwayne Johnson" }, { "id": "2222628", "text": "Year awards both years. Wrestler Big Show named The Undertaker as the greatest professional wrestler of all time, while Mark Henry and WWE chairman Vince McMahon have called him their favorite. WWE Hall of Famer and company executive, Jim Ross, said: \"Without question, The Undertaker is the greatest big man in the history of wrestling... There is no greater WWE star ever than The Undertaker\". \"Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition\" recognized Undertaker as having the most consecutive victories at WrestleMania. In November 2015, \"Telegraph\" journalist Tom Fordy called The Undertaker \"the world's greatest sportsman\". Undertaker's character has been praised as", "title": "The Undertaker" }, { "id": "2360589", "text": "André the Giant while Randy Savage went on to defeat Ted DiBiase in the finals. The event returned the following year to Atlantic City for WrestleMania V, in which Hulk Hogan defeated Randy Savage for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship Savage had won the previous year. To date this is the only time consecutive WrestleMania's have been held in the same venue. The first time WrestleMania took place outside of the United States was WrestleMania VI, which was held at the SkyDome (now Rogers Centre) in Toronto, Canada. In the main event match, The Ultimate Warrior won the WWF World", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "18481296", "text": "The Streak (wrestling) The Streak was a series of 21 straight victories for professional wrestler The Undertaker (Mark Calaway) at WWE's premier annual event, WrestleMania. It began at WrestleMania VII in 1991 when he beat Jimmy Snuka, with the final win coming against CM Punk at WrestleMania 29 in 2013; The Undertaker was absent from WrestleMania X (1994) and WrestleMania 2000, owing to injury. Overall, he defeated 18 men during The Streak, which included three bouts with Triple H and two each opposite Kane and Shawn Michaels, as well as a handicap match against A-Train and Big Show at WrestleMania", "title": "The Streak (wrestling)" }, { "id": "4507313", "text": "Man and Demolition (Ax and Smash) against Powers of Pain and Mr. Fuji in a handicap match for the WWF Tag Team Championship. WrestleMania IV and V are the only two WrestleManias to be held at the same venue for two consecutive years. Run-DMC performed a \"WrestleMania Rap\" for the audience. Other celebrity guests in attendance for included Morton Downey Jr. and Donald Trump. The main feud heading into WrestleMania was between Hulk Hogan and Randy Savage, with the two battling over the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. Hogan and Savage first crossed paths on the October 3, 1987, edition of", "title": "WrestleMania V" }, { "id": "2360610", "text": "This WrestleMania had three main events. The first saw The Undertaker extend his undefeated streak to 21–0 by defeating CM Punk. Triple H, with the help of Shawn Michaels, defeated Brock Lesnar in a No Holds Barred match; had Triple H lost, he would have had to retire from in-ring competition. In the final match, John Cena avenged his loss from the previous year by defeating The Rock for the WWE Championship, winning the title a record 11th time and setting a record of four victories as a Challenger in World title match at WrestleMania. Other matches included Alberto Del", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "2110321", "text": "pay-per-view events in UFC history, including \"UFC 100\" and \"UFC 116\". In April 2012, Lesnar returned to professional wrestling, rejoining WWE after an eight-year hiatus. Two years later, at WrestleMania XXX, Lesnar defeated The Undertaker to end his undefeated streak at WrestleMania. He achieved world champion status three times after this, having won the WWE World Heavyweight Championship in 2014 and the WWE Universal Championship in 2017 and 2018. His first reign as Universal Champion broke the record for the longest WWE title reign since 1988 at 504 days. In June 2016, at \"UFC 199\", the UFC announced that Lesnar", "title": "Brock Lesnar" }, { "id": "2360609", "text": "for the following year's WrestleMania. WrestleMania XXVIII had three \"main event\" matches. In the first main event, The Undertaker defeated Triple H in a Hell in a Cell match via pinfall, officiated by WWE Hall of Famer Shawn Michaels, extending his WrestleMania streak to 20–0. The second main event featured CM Punk retaining the WWE Championship against Chris Jericho, via submission. The third main event featured The Rock defeating John Cena via pinfall in a \"Once in a Lifetime\" match, announced a year in advance. In 2013, WrestleMania 29 had 80,676 fans in attendance, becoming the third-highest attended WrestleMania ever.", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "8086590", "text": "several of his fourteen world championships, as would The Undertaker whose WrestleMania win streak started gaining fame. Eddie Guerrero, Rey Mysterio, Kurt Angle, Chris Benoit, Edge, Brock Lesnar, Randy Orton, John Cena, Batista, John \"Bradshaw\" Layfield, and Rob Van Dam were also given main event opportunities and all ended up becoming multiple-time world champions. From mid 2002 to 2003, WWE brought several prominent WCW stars to the company, including Eric Bischoff, Scott Steiner, Goldberg, Kevin Nash and Ric Flair. The Great American Bash, originally a WCW pay-per-view event, made its debut in WWE. In August 2002, Shawn Michaels would also", "title": "History of WWE" }, { "id": "8157011", "text": "the title on April 24, 2016. Akantus is the 63rd overall champion and the 47th person to hold the Championship. Karloff Lagarde and Américo Rocca are tied for the most title reigns, a total of three, while Lagarde holds the record for the longest individual title reign, 2,742 days from 1958 until 1965. Two men have held the title for just one day: Shinjiro Otani and Último Dragón, both held the championship for one day as part of the J-Crown tournament. NWA World Welterweight Championship The NWA World Welterweight Championship () is a professional wrestling championship governed by the National", "title": "NWA World Welterweight Championship" }, { "id": "2176309", "text": "pay-per-view attraction throughout his career, Flair headlined at the premier annual NWA/WCW event, Starrcade, on ten occasions, while also co-headlining its WWF counterpart, WrestleMania, in 1992, after winning that year's Royal Rumble. \"PWI\" awarded him their Wrestler of the Year award a record six times, while \"Wrestling Observer Newsletter\" named him the Wrestler of the Year (an award named after him and Lou Thesz) a record eight times. The only two-time WWE Hall of Fame inductee, first inducted with the class of 2008 for his individual career and again with the class of 2012 as a member of The Four", "title": "Ric Flair" }, { "id": "11685277", "text": "success the WWF was gaining-, and later AWA shows, after Pro Wrestling USA fell apart by 1986. WrestleMania III, with a reported record attendance of 93,173 people, is widely considered to be the pinnacle of the period. The first episode of \"The Main Event\" is still today the highest rated professional wrestling television show to date, with a 15.2 rating and 33 million viewers. After WrestleMania III, Crockett also acquired the Universal Wrestling Federation – which broke from the NWA in 1986 – and would also establish a second office in their old Dallas headquarters. To fight the WWF's control", "title": "History of professional wrestling" }, { "id": "2360615", "text": "teamed with Paige to defeat The Bella Twins in a tag team match, while Big Show won the second annual Andre the Giant memorial battle royal, by last eliminating Damien Mizdow. WrestleMania 32 was held at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas on April 3, 2016. WrestleMania 32 broke the attendance record at 101,763 as announced by The Rock at the event. In the main event, Roman Reigns defeated Triple H to win the WWE World Heavyweight Championship. Other bouts included the Undertaker defeating Shane McMahon in a Hell in a Cell match. Had Shane won, he would have gained control", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "4507570", "text": "and save Savage. Shocked to see what Elizabeth had done for him, Savage had an emotional reunion with his former manager and held the ring ropes open for her so she could exit, turning Savage into a face for the first time in over two years. The Undertaker's victory debut at the event marked the beginning of his undefeated WrestleMania streak. He was victorious for 21 straight matches, with the final win coming against CM Punk at WrestleMania 29 in 2013. The following year, at WrestleMania XXX, The Undertaker was defeated by Brock Lesnar. Backstage as Hogan was being interviewed", "title": "WrestleMania VII" }, { "id": "3069449", "text": "into the promotion in 1963. The inaugural champion was Buddy Rogers, and there have been 50 different official champions overall and 11 vacancies. The longest reigning champion is Bruno Sammartino, who held the title from May 17, 1963 to January 18, 1971, for a total of 2,803 days (7 years, 8 months, and 1 day); Sammartino also holds the record for longest combined reign at 4,040 days. André the Giant is the shortest reigning champion, officially holding the title for 1 minute, 48 seconds. The youngest champion is Brock Lesnar, who won the title at the age of 25, while", "title": "WWE Championship" }, { "id": "2360617", "text": "record breaking 6 seconds match. Also, at WrestleMania 32, Baron Corbin won the third annual Andre the Giant memorial battle royal, by last eliminating Kane. WrestleMania 33 took place on April 2, 2017 at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. It was the first WrestleMania since WrestleMania 29 in 2013 to feature two world championships on the line: Raw's Universal Championship, defended for the first time at WrestleMania, and SmackDown's WWE Championship. The main event saw Roman Reigns defeat The Undertaker in a No Holds Barred match, giving Undertaker his second loss at WrestleMania. Elsewhere on the event's card, Brock", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "4507357", "text": "the titles to Anderson and Blanchard on \"Saturday Night's Main Event\" (taped July 18, 1989) following interference from André the Giant; Demolition's reign was 478 days, which remained the longest uninterrupted reign in the history of the classic WWF World Tag Team Championship (which was decommissioned in 2010) and was also the longest reign with any tag team championship in WWWF/WWF/WWE history until the record was broken in 2016 by WWE Raw Tag Team Champions The New Day. Meanwhile, the Powers of Pain would lose their push and eventually settled into mid-card matches, feuding with teams such as The Bushwhackers", "title": "WrestleMania V" }, { "id": "2360584", "text": "credited with coming up with the name \"WrestleMania\" in 1984, has served as the long-standing ring-announcer and has appeared at every event except WrestleMania 33, but since the WWE Brand Extension, Lilian Garcia, Tony Chimel and Justin Roberts have taken over as announcers for their respective brand matches. Four French commentators were at ringside: Jean Brassard and Raymond Rougeau (WrestleMania 13), Phillippe Chéreau and Christophe Agius (WrestleMania XXX, WrestleMania 31, WrestleMania 32 and WrestleMania 33). The World Wrestling Federation staged the first WrestleMania on March 31, 1985 at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The main event was a", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "2360613", "text": "at the hands of John Cena. Also, at WrestleMania XXX, The Shield defeated Kane and The New Age Outlaws (Road Dogg and Billy Gunn) in a six-man tag team match, and Cesaro won the first ever Andre the Giant Memorial Battle Royal by body slamming Big Show outside of the ring, in similar fashion to Hulk Hogan body slamming Andre the Giant, at WrestleMania III. WrestleMania 31 was held at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California on March 29, 2015. Brock Lesnar defended the WWE World Heavyweight Championship in the main event against Royal Rumble winner Roman Reigns, with Seth", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "20431557", "text": "T were assaulted by Brock Lesnar in the opening segment. Cole, Lawler, and Layfield would continue to provide commentary during WWE pay-per-view events until , before Saxton took over for Lawler at the announce table on the next pay-per-view events (Royal Rumble, Fastlane and others) in 2016. For the 52 episodes of \"Raw\" in 2014, it was noted that only 18 episodes (34.6%) featured the show ending with a main event match with a decisive finish. At one point around WrestleMania, there were 10 occasions over 11 weeks where \"Raw\" ended with either a talking segment or a main event", "title": "History of WWE Raw" }, { "id": "2222644", "text": "with 16 reigns as a world champion. His 16 world title wins are tied with Ric Flair's, per WWE records. Cena is a five-time United States Champion and a four-time world tag team champion. He is also a Money in the Bank ladder match winner (2012), a two-time Royal Rumble winner (2008, 2013), and a three-time Superstar of the Year Slammy Award winner (2009, 2010, 2012). He has also headlined WWE's flagship event WrestleMania on five occasions (2006, 2007, 2011, 2012, and 2013) as well as many other WWE pay-per-views. Despite his success, Cena's character is met with mixed critical", "title": "John Cena" }, { "id": "2968605", "text": "under his real name of Ron Simmons. Simmons and Brown, who had been released already from WWE in March 2003 and returned in 2008, were officially released (again, in Brown's case) in early January 2009 due to budget cuts. In 2012, Ron Simmons was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame while The Rock headlined WrestleMania XXVIII the following night and WrestleMania 29 one year later. In 2016, The Godfather was also inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame by Simmons and Layfield. Henry would also be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2018. Nation of Domination The", "title": "Nation of Domination" }, { "id": "8086560", "text": "vision for his promotion was starting to become possible when he signed AWA talent Hulk Hogan, who had achieved popularity outside of wrestling – notably for his appearance in \"Rocky III\" as Thunderlips. McMahon signed Rowdy Roddy Piper as Hogan's rival, and shortly afterward signed Jesse \"The Body\" Ventura. Other significant wrestlers who were part of the roster included: Big John Studd, André the Giant, Jimmy \"Superfly\" Snuka, \"The Magnificent\" Don Muraco, Junkyard Dog, \"Mr. Wonderful\" Paul Orndorff, Greg \"The Hammer\" Valentine, Ricky \"The Dragon\" Steamboat, and Nikolai Volkoff. In 1984, Hogan was pushed to main event status. He defeated", "title": "History of WWE" }, { "id": "19841107", "text": "Persona and reception of Roman Reigns The persona and reception of Roman Reigns refers to the ascendency of American professional wrestler Roman Reigns (Leati Joseph Anoaʻi) within WWE, which has divided critical and public opinion. Reigns debuted on the WWE main roster in November 2012 (having performed in its developmental system since 2010) as part of stable The Shield and was well-received by fans and critics. Support began to dwindle upon Reigns's transition to a heroic main event singles act in 2014, largely due to his perceived forced push. This would manifest itself with Reigns main eventing consecutive WrestleManias (WWE's", "title": "Persona and reception of Roman Reigns" }, { "id": "2360575", "text": "time WWE ring announcer and Hall of Famer Howard Finkel is credited with devising the name \"WrestleMania\" in 1984. WrestleMania's widespread success helped transform professional wrestling. The event has facilitated the rise to stardom of several top WWE wrestlers. Celebrities such as Aretha Franklin, Cyndi Lauper, Muhammad Ali, Mr. T, Alice Cooper, Lawrence Taylor, Pamela Anderson, Mike Tyson, Donald Trump, Floyd Mayweather, Pete Rose, Burt Reynolds, Mickey Rourke, Snoop Dogg, Sean \"Diddy\" Combs, Kid Rock, Fred Durst, Ozzy Osbourne, Ronda Rousey, Rob Gronkowski, and Shaquille O'Neal have participated or made special appearances within the events. The first WrestleMania was held", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "14994735", "text": "surpassing WrestleMania 23's buyrate of approximately 1.2 million, with global gross sales in excess of $67 million. The event also set a new record for the highest grossing live event in WWE history, grossing $8.9 million. WrestleMania XXVIII WrestleMania XXVIII was the twenty-eighth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE. It took place on April 1, 2012 at Sun Life Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida. It is the highest grossing PPV event in professional wrestling history. There were eight matches on the event's card and one pre-show match that was streamed on YouTube. The main event, in", "title": "WrestleMania XXVIII" }, { "id": "8086612", "text": "as seen in the Daniel Bryan scenario. Bryan would eventually be inserted into the main event of WrestleMania, capturing the WWE World Heavyweight Championship in the process. Also at WrestleMania XXX, The Undertaker was defeated for the first time at the event by Brock Lesnar, following 21 consecutive victories dating back to 1991. Lesnar then went on to defeat John Cena at SummerSlam to win the WWE World Heavyweight Championship, winning his first WWE title in a decade. The introduction of the WWE Network and the WWE Performance Center were major breakthroughs during this period as well. WCW legend Sting,", "title": "History of WWE" }, { "id": "17027464", "text": "WrestleMania. Lesnar defeated Undertaker after executing three F5s, ending his streak at 21. In August 2014, Lesnar defeated John Cena at SummerSlam, capturing the WWE World Heavyweight Championship for a fourth time. Kane was already eliminated when he returned to eliminate CM Punk later in the match. By eliminating 12 men, Roman Reigns broke the record of 11, set by Kane in Royal Rumble 2001. Royal Rumble (2014) Royal Rumble (2014) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by WWE and presented by Jackson Hewitt, which took place on January 26, 2014 at the Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "title": "Royal Rumble (2014)" }, { "id": "2222718", "text": "the again renamed WWE Championship at the Royal Rumble. On January 29, 2017, Cena defeated Styles at the Royal Rumble to tie Ric Flair for the most world title reigns at 16, although Flair has actually won the world title several more times with the number 16 having been called \"WWE mythology\". Cena then entered the Elimination Chamber match as WWE Champion. He was eliminated fourth after a \"Sister Abigail\" from Bray Wyatt, who went on to win the championship. Two nights later on \"SmackDown Live\", Cena lost a triple threat match against Wyatt for the championship in a match", "title": "John Cena" }, { "id": "3197777", "text": "Hall of Famers Bret Hart and Hulk Hogan, in consecutive pay-per-view victories in the main event of WrestleMania IX and the 1993 King of the Ring, to win his two WWF World Heavyweight Championships, and also headlined WrestleMania X against Hart. He was the third fastest newcomer after Brock Lesnar and Sheamus to win the WWF Championship after his WWF debut. Anoai was posthumously inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2012. Anoai's career in professional wrestling began as he grew up in a family full of wrestlers, the Anoaʻi family. His uncles were The Wild Samoans, Afa and", "title": "Yokozuna (wrestler)" }, { "id": "20431565", "text": "lock box. Although Shane McMahon lost to the Undertaker at Wrestlemania 32, he was general manager for a while. The February 29, 2016 episode of \"Raw\", which was broadcast live from Bridgestone Arena in Nashville, Tennessee, marked the first time the show aired on a Leap Day in its 23-year history. That night's episode featured Stephanie McMahon's speech after accepting the \"Vincent J. McMahon Legacy of Excellence\" Award from Mr. McMahon from the week after Fastlane, and the main event between Dean Ambrose and Alberto Del Rio (with The League of Nations' King Barrett, Sheamus and Rusev), which ended in", "title": "History of WWE Raw" }, { "id": "2044357", "text": "He is a twelve-time world champion: a six-time WWF World Heavyweight Champion/WWF Champion (with his last reign being as Undisputed WWF/WWE Champion) and a six-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion. Hogan's first WCW World Heavyweight Championship reign is the longest in history, while his first WWF Championship reign is the third-longest ever (and the longest of the 1980s). He was the first wrestler to win consecutive Royal Rumbles, in 1990 and 1991, and was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2005, by Sylvester Stallone. A 2015 racism scandal ended his relationship with WWE, although he returned in 2018", "title": "Hulk Hogan" }, { "id": "729752", "text": "the 1950s, when the now-defunct DuMont Television Network broadcast matches of Vince McMahon Sr.'s Capitol Wrestling Corporation. The 1980s \"Wrestling Boom\" peaked with the WrestleMania III pay-per-view at the Pontiac Silverdome in 1987, which set an attendance record of 93,173, a record that stood for 29 years until WrestleMania 32. A rematch of the WrestleMania III main event between WWF champion Hulk Hogan and André the Giant took place on \"The Main Event\" in 1988 and was seen by 33 million people, the most-watched wrestling match in North American television history. In 1985, Titan moved its offices to Stamford, Connecticut,", "title": "WWE" }, { "id": "8266988", "text": "were created as an alliance between the NWA and AWA in 1984, in an effort to counter the national success the WWF was gaining—and later AWA shows, after Pro Wrestling USA fell apart by 1986. The WWF also became an international success too. WrestleMania III, with a reported record attendance of 93,173 people, is widely considered to be the pinnacle of the period. The first episode of \"The Main Event\" is the highest rated professional wrestling television show to date, with a 15.2 rating and 33 million viewers. Both had a main event featuring Hulk Hogan battling André the Giant", "title": "Professional wrestling in the United States" }, { "id": "2360574", "text": "WrestleMania WrestleMania is a professional wrestling event produced annually between mid-March to early April by WWE, an American professional wrestling promotion based in Stamford, Connecticut. WWE first produced the event in 1985 and has since produced 34 editions, with the most recent having been held in New Orleans, Louisiana on April 8, 2018. WrestleMania, WWE's flagship event, airs on pay-per-view (PPV) and WWE Network and is the most successful and longest-running professional wrestling event in history. It contributes to the worldwide commercial success of WWE through media, merchandise, and shows. WrestleMania was conceptualized by WWE owner Vince McMahon and long", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "749261", "text": "Body Shop\" was often hosted by Don Muraco). He began to do color commentary on television for \"All-Star Wrestling\", replacing Angelo Mosca, and later \"Superstars of Wrestling\", initially alongside Vince McMahon and the semi-retired Sammartino, and then just with McMahon after Sammartino's departure from the WWF in early 1988. Ventura most notably co-hosted \"Saturday Night's Main Event\" with McMahon, the first six WrestleManias (five of which were alongside Gorilla Monsoon), and most of the WWF's pay-per-views at the time with Monsoon, with the lone exception for Ventura being the first SummerSlam, in which Ventura served as the guest referee during", "title": "Jesse Ventura" }, { "id": "2044397", "text": "he also became known as \"The Immortal\" Hulk Hogan. Hogan became the first wrestler to win two Royal Rumble matches in a row, as he won the 1991 Royal Rumble match. At WrestleMania VII, Hogan stood up for the United States against Sgt. Slaughter, defeating him for his third WWF Championship, and then defeating him again in the rematch at United Kingdom-only pay-per-view UK Rampage at London Arena. In the fall of 1991, Hogan was challenged by Ric Flair, the former NWA World Heavyweight Champion who recently arrived in the WWF. The feud remained unresolved, as Hogan lost the WWF", "title": "Hulk Hogan" }, { "id": "8156010", "text": "Olympics 6 consecutive heavyweight World Championships — Félix Savón Note: winner of 3 consecutive Olympic gold medals (1992–2000) 6 consecutive titles at World Championships — Ryoko Tani 31 fights 28 fights 22 fights — Megumi Fujii Longest unbeaten streak 37 fights (36 wins, 1 no contest) — Igor Vovchanchyn Since matches have predetermined outcomes, winning streaks in professional wrestling are orchestrated by the wrestling organizations. \"173 consecutive matches\" — Bill Goldberg Note: While the tally of 173 matches was listed by World Championship Wrestling as the legitimate total, it is fictitious number. WCW inflated the win count to make Goldberg", "title": "Winning streak (sports)" }, { "id": "2556864", "text": "days before Elimination Chamber, seven participants of the men's Elimination Chamber match, Braun Strowman, Elias, Finn Bálor, John Cena, Roman Reigns, Seth Rollins and The Miz, were involved in a Gauntlet match that began with Reigns and Rollins. Strowman won the Gauntlet match by pinning The Miz in what was the longest match in WWE history, lasting nearly two hours. December 4, 2018 episode of WWE Raw, featuring a main event of Ronda Rousey teaming with Ember Moon in a winning effort over Nia Jax and Tamina drew the lowest rating in its history. \"Raw\"s original set featured red, white,", "title": "WWE Raw" }, { "id": "7354579", "text": "and Undertaker at WrestleMania 33 on April 2, which Reigns won in his third consecutive WrestleMania main event. This win also made Reigns only one of two wrestlers to defeat Undertaker at WrestleMania, the other being Brock Lesnar at WrestleMania XXX. The next night on \"Raw\", Reigns opened the show to ten minutes of severe boos and chants from the crowd, attempting to stop him from speaking, before simply stating \"This is my yard now\" and leaving the ring. Reigns then resumed his feud with Strowman, who attacked him in front of Michael Cole and—after medical personnel put him inside", "title": "Roman Reigns" }, { "id": "2360586", "text": "in Uniondale, New York, the Rosemont Horizon (now Allstate Arena) in the Chicago suburb of Rosemont, Illinois, and the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena in Los Angeles. They each featured multiple matches that led up to the main event; this saw WWF World Heavyweight Champion Hulk Hogan defeat the challenger King Kong Bundy in a Steel Cage match. A world indoor attendance-record of 93,173 fans was set at WrestleMania III, which was also the largest paying attendance in the history of professional wrestling at the time. The event is widely considered to be the pinnacle of the 1980s wrestling boom.", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "2360616", "text": "of \"Raw\", while had Undertaker lost, this would have been his last WrestleMania. Brock Lesnar defeated Dean Ambrose in a No Holds Barred Street Fight, Charlotte defeated Becky Lynch and Sasha Banks to win the inaugural WWE Women's Championship (now Raw Women's Championship), Chris Jericho defeated AJ Styles in a singles match, The League of Nations (Sheamus, Rusev, and Alberto Del Rio) (with King Barrett) defeated The New Day (Xavier Woods, Kofi Kingston, and Big E) in a six-man tag match, Zack Ryder won a 7-man ladder match for the Intercontinental Championship, and The Rock defeated Erick Rowan in a", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "4728453", "text": "team partner Virgil on a 1993 episode of \"Wrestling Challenge\". As a sign of mutual respect between the two, both men embraced after the match. Santana then was never mentioned or seen again on WWF TV again, but he continued working on the WWF Summer tour in Europe and the international house show circuit through the course of August–September. Santana, along with only Hulk Hogan, holds the unique distinction of appearing in the first nine WrestleMania's, accumulating a 2-7 record during that time. Officially he is recognized only for the first eight WrestleManias matches. In his final in-ring WrestleMania appearance,", "title": "Tito Santana" }, { "id": "3264896", "text": "mostly portrayed as the heroes, the fans were vocal in their disapproval of X-Pac, which was acknowledged on-screen by both Alliance member Billy Kidman and later by WWF member Edge. Between 1999 and 2001, Triple H had a successful run as the main villain of the WWF—especially in 2000, when he became the first villain to win the main event of WrestleMania and thus retain the WWF Championship, as well as winning the \"Feud of the Year\" award by both \"PWI\" (with Kurt Angle) and \"WON\" (with Mick Foley) and the \"WON\" \"Wrestler of the Year\" award due his accomplishments", "title": "Heat (professional wrestling)" }, { "id": "2777664", "text": "WWF The Main Event The Main Event is a professional wrestling television program that was produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was a spin-off of \"Saturday Night's Main Event\" and aired on NBC on Friday nights during prime time. There were five shows between 1988 and 1991. Only the first three \"The Main Event\" episodes were shown live on NBC. The final two were taped and then shown on NBC at a later date. It included mainly high-card wrestlers of the WWF including Hulk Hogan, André the Giant, \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage, The Ultimate Warrior and \"Million Dollar", "title": "WWF The Main Event" }, { "id": "14674485", "text": "to have refereed Triple H's and John Cena's matches respectively. During the event, the 2014 WWE Hall of Fame inductees (Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts, Mr. T, Paul Bearer (represented by his real-life sons), Carlos Colon, Lita, Razor Ramon and The Ultimate Warrior) appeared before the live audience after being introduced by Howard Finkel. Two backstage segments included WWE veterans; the first consisted of Hacksaw Jim Duggan, Sgt. Slaughter, Ricky Steamboat, \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase and Ron Simmons. The second consisted of the stars from WrestleMania I, with Hulk Hogan, Mr. T, Rowdy Roddy Piper, Paul Orndorff, Pat Patterson,", "title": "WrestleMania XXX" }, { "id": "15009068", "text": "WrestleMania 29 WrestleMania 29 (billed in print ads as WrestleMania NY/NJ) was the twenty-ninth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by WWE, held on April 7, 2013 at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. Nine professional wrestling matches were contested at the event, with one being shown on the pre-show. In the main event, John Cena defeated The Rock to win his record eleventh WWE Championship, as well as avenging his loss to The Rock at WrestleMania XXVIII. It also included The Undertaker defeating CM Punk, concluding a storyline revolving around Paul Bearer's death and The Undertaker's", "title": "WrestleMania 29" }, { "id": "6224815", "text": "WrestleMania XXIV, and during the match, Hardy made an unannounced return and knocked MVP from the ladder with his signature Twist of Fate maneuver, reigniting their feud. At Backlash in 2008, MVP dropped the title to Hardy, ending his record reign at 343 days, which was at the time the longest reign of the WWE era, and the third longest in the entire history of the championship (the record has since broken by Dean Ambrose in 2014). Beginning on the August 29, 2008 episode of \"SmackDown\", MVP developed a losing streak that lasted over five months, losing in both singles", "title": "Montel Vontavious Porter" }, { "id": "2360604", "text": "match, while the Money in the Bank ladder match included seven participants from all three brands which was won by CM Punk who also wins it again at WrestleMania XXV. The ECW Championship was defended for the only time at a WrestleMania event, when Kane emerged as the new ECW Champion in a record 8 seconds, while Randy Orton retained the WWE Championship and The Undertaker won the World Heavyweight Championship for the second consecutive year, defeating Edge. In an encounter that featured major media coverage, boxing world champion Floyd Mayweather, Jr. defeated Big Show. The event was the second", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "2049176", "text": "2000, owing to a December 1999 concussion, he officially retired in October 2000, shortly after his departure from the company. He returned to sporadic in-ring competition from 2010–2011 with WWE, where he won his final championship, headlined the 2010 SummerSlam event, and served as the general manager of Raw. Throughout his career, Hart headlined WrestleMania IX, X, and XII, and participated in the main event of Starrcade 1997 and 1999 – as a special enforcer and referee in the former. Hart has held championships in five decades from the 1970s to the 2010s, with a total of 32 held throughout", "title": "Bret Hart" }, { "id": "16615882", "text": "cancer awareness campaign. WWE commentators Nigel McGuinness, Percy Watson and Vic Joseph are the broadcast team, while Mike Rome is the ring announcer. From October 3, 2012 to January 22, 2014, \"Diamond Eyes (Boom-Lay Boom-Lay Boom)\" by Shinedown served as the official theme for \"Main Event\". Since January 29, 2014, \"On My Own\" by CFO$ now serves as the theme song. Following the 2016 WWE Draft it was announced that \"Main Event\" would feature wrestlers exclusive to the SmackDown brand, making it the official \"B\" Show of the brand similar to \"WWE Velocity\". After the cancellation of \"WWE Superstars\", \"Main", "title": "WWE Main Event" }, { "id": "2360614", "text": "Rollins cashing in his Money in the Bank briefcase, turning the bout into a Triple Threat, ending with Rollins pinning Reigns to win the championship. Other main bouts included Sting's first ever WWE match against Triple H which he lost, The Undertaker returned and defeated Bray Wyatt to get his 22nd victory at the event's history, Randy Orton defeated Seth Rollins and Rusev lost the United States Championship and his unbeaten streak to John Cena. Another important promoted match was the 7-man ladder match for the Intercontinental Championship, which was won by Daniel Bryan. Also, at WrestleMania 31, AJ Lee", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "2360578", "text": "XXVIII (78,363) in Miami, WrestleMania 29 (80,676) in East Rutherford, WrestleMania XXX (75,167) in New Orleans, WrestleMania 31 (76,976) in Santa Clara, and WrestleMania 32 (101,763) in Dallas. Since moving to large stadiums and running WrestleMania Axxess, the event produces a local economy boost for the host cities. WrestleMania centers on the main event matches, primarily for the WWE Championship (and between WrestleManias XIX and 29, the World Heavyweight Championship), as well as matches involving sportsmen such as American footballer Lawrence Taylor, multi-weight boxing world champion Floyd Mayweather, and sumo wrestler Akebono. Other WWE championships are also contested for, while", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "8117172", "text": "achieved the largest recorded attendance for a live indoor sporting event in North America. The main event, where Hogan scoop-slammed (later dubbed \"the body slam heard around the world\") and defeated André the Giant, helped the show go down in wrestling history as one of the greatest ever produced and made the WWF's popularity soar. In February 1988, Hogan and André faced each other in a special WrestleMania III rematch on the Friday night prime time spin-off of \"Saturday Night's Main Event\", titled \"The Main Event\" which saw Hogan lose to André by manipulation of the \"Million Dollar Man\" Ted", "title": "1980s professional wrestling boom" }, { "id": "3134357", "text": "match at WrestleMania 31 the following year. His last ever bout at Night of Champions in September 2015, marked his sole WWE pay-per-view main event and WWE World Heavyweight Championship contest for the organization. Sting headlined the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2016 on April 2, where he announced his retirement. His induction renders him the first performer to be inducted into both the WWE and TNA Hall of Fame, as well as the second man to be inducted while an active WWE wrestler, after Ric Flair. Sting held 25 total championships throughout his career, including 21 between WCW", "title": "Sting (wrestler)" }, { "id": "4507631", "text": "great finish.\" Golianopoulos also ranked the Flair vs. Savage match at number 19 on the same list, praising the in-ring psychology despite an abrupt finish. On the other hand, Dave Meltzer of the \"Wrestling Observer Newsletter\" gave the Hogan/Justice main event negative two stars, citing their lackluster performance and the late entry of Papa Shango, which necessitated a hastily rewritten ending. WrestleMania VIII WrestleMania VIII was the eighth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on April 5, 1992, at the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana. The card included two", "title": "WrestleMania VIII" }, { "id": "2044383", "text": "the WWF World Heavyweight Championship against Orton in a match that Hogan won by disqualification. Hogan was named the most requested celebrity of the 1980s for the Make-a-Wish Foundation children's charity. He was featured on the covers of \"Sports Illustrated\" (the first and , only professional wrestler to do so), \"TV Guide\", and \"People\" magazines, while also appearing on \"The Tonight Show\" and having his own CBS Saturday morning cartoon titled \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\". Hogan, as the premier WWF icon, headlined seven of the first eight WrestleMania events. He also co-hosted \"Saturday Night Live\" on March 30, 1985", "title": "Hulk Hogan" }, { "id": "5604085", "text": "Mega Powers and Hogan eventually defeating Randy Savage to win the WWF title at WrestleMania V. Saturday Night's Main Event Saturday Night's Main Event is a sports entertainment television program that was produced by the World Wrestling Federation (now known as WWE). Premiering in 1985, the program originally aired on NBC as an occasional replacement for \"Saturday Night Live\" on its weekend broadcast schedule. The program aired on an infrequent basis on NBC until 1991, then aired twice on Fox in 1992 before coming to an end. At the time of the original airing, it was a rare example of", "title": "Saturday Night's Main Event" }, { "id": "10036180", "text": "Roddy Piper, Ricky Steamboat and Jimmy Snuka, and the annual Money in the Bank ladder match. Tickets for the event commenced sale to the public on November 8, 2008. For the third consecutive year, WrestleMania broke the record for the highest-grossing pay-per-view in WWE history, grossing US$6.9 million in ticket sales, which included fans from all 50 U.S. states, 24 countries, and seven Canadian provinces. WrestleMania XXV generated approximately 960,000 pay-per-view buys, grossing $21.0 million in revenue. The event pumped an estimated $49.8 million into the local economy and generated $5.7 million in local tax revenue, equating to 600 full-time", "title": "WrestleMania XXV" }, { "id": "3205985", "text": "with Japanese team the Jumping Bomb Angels (Noriyo Tateno and Itsuki Yamazaki). Hart was named \"Pro Wrestling Illustrated\"'s Manager of the Year in 1987, an award he won again in 1994. At WrestleMania IV, Hart received a haircut from Brutus \"The Barber\" Beefcake, after interfering in the Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship match between Beefcake and the Honky Tonk Man, helping Honky Tonk Man retain the title by getting disqualified. When the Hart Foundation fired Hart as manager (and turned face) in 1988, Hart managed The Fabulous Rougeau Brothers to feud with his former team; the angle was that Hart still retained", "title": "Jimmy Hart" }, { "id": "2360591", "text": "undefeated in 21 of his WrestleMania matches, until he lost to Brock Lesnar at WrestleMania XXX. The next edition, WrestleMania VIII, was held in the Hoosier Dome with Macho Man Randy Savage defeating Ric Flair for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship and Hulk Hogan defeating Sid Justice via disqualification. WrestleMania IX was the first WrestleMania held at an outdoor venue. It was also the first and only time in WrestleMania history that the WWF World Heavyweight Championship switched twice. Yokozuna defeated Bret Hart to become the WWF World Heavyweight Champion, only to lose it to Hulk Hogan. The tenth edition", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "2360598", "text": "five years, defeating Chris Jericho. The World Heavyweight Championship was defended for the first time at the event, with Triple H retaining against Booker T, while Brock Lesnar defeated Kurt Angle to win the WWE Championship. WWE celebrated the twentieth edition of WrestleMania at Madison Square Garden with WrestleMania XX. The event featured The Undertaker (who returned to his Deadman persona) defeating the unmasked Kane in their second encounter and the WWE Championship and World Heavyweight Championship victories of Eddie Guerrero and Chris Benoit, respectively with Guerrero defeating Kurt Angle to retain the WWE Championship and Benoit defeating Triple H", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "14674526", "text": "several times after WrestleMania, firstly on the June 30 episode of \"Raw\" and secondly at SummerSlam. In January 2015, Daniel Bryan returned to the ring having recovered from his injury. That month at the Royal Rumble event, Brock Lesnar retained his title in a triple threat match against John Cena and Seth Rollins; the New Age Outlaws' return to the ring saw them lose to the Ascension, while Roman Reigns won the Royal Rumble match. The live audience booed Reigns' win and Bryan's early elimination from the match. In February, Reigns defeated Bryan at Fastlane to receive a WrestleMania main", "title": "WrestleMania XXX" }, { "id": "3069450", "text": "the oldest champion is Vince McMahon, who won it at the age of 54. John Cena holds the record for most reigns with 13. Daniel Bryan is the current champion in his fourth reign. He won the title on November 13, 2018, in St. Louis, Missouri, on \"SmackDown Live\" by defeating AJ Styles. WWE Championship The WWE Championship is a world heavyweight championship created and promoted by the American professional wrestling promotion WWE on the SmackDown brand. It is one of two world titles for WWE's main roster, alongside the WWE Universal Championship that was created for the Raw brand", "title": "WWE Championship" }, { "id": "5604084", "text": "\"The Animal\" Steele, is included as an extra. Also, two of the most famous matches in WWE history are included, both from the program's spinoff The Main Event. The first is a February 1988 rematch from WrestleMania III pitting Hogan against André the Giant, the second a Mega Powers' (Hogan and Randy Savage) bout against the Twin Towers (The Big Boss Man and Akeem) from February 1989. Both had direct implications on each year's WrestleMania: the Hogan-Andre match led to the WWF title being vacated until WrestleMania IV while the Mega Powers-Twin Towers match led to the breakup of the", "title": "Saturday Night's Main Event" }, { "id": "20431570", "text": "and theme songs. On the February 20 episode of \"Raw\", six days before Elimination Chamber, seven participants of the men's Elimination Chamber match, Braun Strowman, Elias, Finn Bálor, John Cena, Roman Reigns, Seth Rollins and The Miz, were involved in a Gauntlet match that began with Reigns and Rollins. Strowman won the Gauntlet match by pinning The Miz in what was the longest match in WWE history, lasting nearly two hours. History of WWE Raw The history of WWE Raw began as WWF's \"Monday Night Raw\" on January 11, 1993. Over the next two decades, \"Raw\" would become the promotion's", "title": "History of WWE Raw" }, { "id": "4242090", "text": "a hardcore match between the two, which Gunn dominated until a masked assailant, revealed to be \"Dr. Death\" Steve Williams, threw him off the stage. Williams did this out of revenge for losing to Gunn in the Brawl For All. The week after on Raw Is War, Williams' manager, Jim Ross announced to Gunn that he would be facing noted mixed martial artist and boxer Eric \"Butterbean\" Esch, who held a 43–1–1 record at the time, challenged him to a Brawl For All fight. From November's Survivor Series until the night after St. Valentine's Day Massacre, The Rock and Mankind", "title": "WrestleMania XV" }, { "id": "2777665", "text": "Man\" Ted DiBiase. All episodes of \"The Main Event\" are available on the WWE Network. These are the results for the tapings of \"The Main Event\". February 5, 1988 - Market Square Arena, Indianapolis, Indiana February 3, 1989 - Bradley Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin February 23, 1990 - Joe Louis Arena, Detroit, Michigan November 23, 1990 (taped October 30, 1990) - Allen County War Memorial Coliseum, Fort Wayne, Indiana February 1, 1991 (taped January 28, 1991) - Macon Coliseum, Macon, Georgia WWF The Main Event The Main Event is a professional wrestling television program that was produced by the World Wrestling", "title": "WWF The Main Event" }, { "id": "2360618", "text": "Lesnar defeated Goldberg to become the new Universal Champion, Randy Orton defeated Bray Wyatt to win his ninth WWE Championship, and Mojo Rawley won the fourth annual Andre the Giant memorial battle royal, by last eliminating Jinder Mahal. The event also marked the unannounced return of The Hardy Boyz, who won the Raw Tag Team Championship. WrestleMania 34 was held on April 8, 2018, at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. In the main event, Brock Lesnar retained the Universal Championship against Roman Reigns. In another main event promoted match, AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Shinsuke Nakamura.", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "3582579", "text": "Texas in 2016 with an alleged over 101,000 in attendance, although Meltzer claims the actual number was between 93-94,000. In 2014, \"Mad Magazine\" published an article about WrestleMania's 29-year history which made joking reference to the disputed claims: “When the immortal Hulk Hogan become the first man ever to bodyslam the 7-foot-4, 520-pound Andre the Giant before 93,173 fans to hand the big man the first loss of his career, it set the all-time record for the most lies in a single sentence.” WrestleMania III WrestleMania III was the third annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the", "title": "WrestleMania III" }, { "id": "5601020", "text": "Saturday Night's Main Event results This is a list of results from every episode of WWE (formerly WWF) \"Saturday Night's Main Event\". May 11, 1985 (taped May 10, 1985) – Uniondale, New York – Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum October 5, 1985 (taped October 3, 1985) – East Rutherford, New Jersey – Brendan Byrne Arena November 2, 1985 (taped October 31, 1985) – Hershey, Pennsylvania – Hersheypark Arena January 4, 1986 (taped December 19, 1985) – Tampa, Florida – USF Sun Dome March 1, 1986 (taped February 15, 1986) – Phoenix, Arizona – Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum May 3, 1986 (taped", "title": "Saturday Night's Main Event results" }, { "id": "2222527", "text": "rebranded as \"The Undertaker\", and gained significant mainstream popularity as a horror-themed, macabre entity who employed scare tactics and held links to the supernatural. The Undertaker became one of the most prominent figures of the Attitude Era, featuring in various pivotal storylines and matches as WWF sustained a boom period in business in the latter 1990s. His character transitioned into a biker in the early 2000s, before returning to a refined version of his previous gimmick in 2004. The Undertaker is known for The Streak, a series of 21 straight victories at WWE's flagship annual event, WrestleMania. Calaway has held", "title": "The Undertaker" }, { "id": "20431533", "text": "the first time that WCW had lost the head-to-head Monday night ratings battle in the 84 weeks since 1996. On \"Raw Is War\", fans were immersed in the feud between Mr. McMahon and Stone Cold Steve Austin, while superstars like Triple H, Mankind and The Rock were gradually elevated to main event status in the WWF. Other superstars such as Kane, Val Venis, The New Age Outlaws and Edge were coming through the ranks and exposing the WWF as territory where new talent could ascend, as opposed to WCW. Matters were so heated between the two programs that, when both", "title": "History of WWE Raw" }, { "id": "16370313", "text": "WrestleMania 32 WrestleMania 32 was the thirty-second annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event and WWE Network event produced by WWE. It took place on April 3, 2016, at the AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Twelve matches were contested at the event (including three matches on the pre-show). Four matches were particularly considered to be the marquee attractions. In the main event, Roman Reigns defeated Triple H to win the WWE World Heavyweight Championship, while Shane McMahon (in his first match since 2009) lost to The Undertaker in a Hell in a Cell match, Brock Lesnar defeated Dean Ambrose in", "title": "WrestleMania 32" }, { "id": "2360611", "text": "Rio successfully defending his World Heavyweight Championship against Jack Swagger, and Fandango pulling off an upset by defeating Chris Jericho. In the opening bout, The Shield (Dean Ambrose, Seth Rollins, and Roman Reigns) defeated the team of Big Show, Sheamus, and Randy Orton, in their WrestleMania debut. WrestleMania XXX was the 30th annual WrestleMania event produced by WWE on April 6, 2014 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The event was the first WrestleMania to be held in the state of Louisiana. It saw Daniel Bryan defeat Triple H in the opening match. Per the stipulation, this gave", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "20431532", "text": "WrestleMania XIV in March 1998, which featured Mike Tyson as a ring enforcer, and Shawn Michaels' final match up until 2002, the WWF regained the lead in the Monday Night Wars with its new \"WWF Attitude\" brand, led in particular by rising stars Stone Cold Steve Austin, The Rock, Triple H, Mankind and an established star The Undertaker. The classic feud between the villainous WWF Chairman Mr. McMahon and fan favorite Stone Cold Steve Austin caught the interest of fans. The April 13, 1998 episode of \"Raw Is War\", which was headlined by a match between Austin and McMahon, marked", "title": "History of WWE Raw" }, { "id": "2360608", "text": "in his attempt to avenge Shawn Michaels' loss to The Undertaker from a year prior. This was the first WrestleMania in history in which both the World Heavyweight Champion and WWE Champion were able to successfully retain their titles. World Heavyweight Champion Edge defeated the challenger Alberto Del Rio in what would be Edge's last match before his retirement on April 11, and The Rock closed out the event saluting the fans after laying out John Cena and The Miz with the signature move Rock Bottom following Miz retaining the WWE Championship. This incident would set up the main event", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "2360577", "text": "editions of the event have been hosted in North American cities, with 32 in the United States and two in Canada. Most WrestleMania events have taken place in sports arenas in large cities, with some in large stadiums. The most-attended events include WrestleMania III (93,173) in Pontiac, WrestleMania VI (67,678) in Toronto, WrestleMania VIII (62,167) in Indianapolis, WrestleMania X-Seven (67,925) in Houston, WrestleMania X8 (68,237) also in Toronto, WrestleMania XIX (54,097) in Seattle, WrestleMania 23 (80,103) in Detroit, WrestleMania XXIV (74,635) in Orlando, WrestleMania XXV (72,744) also in Houston, WrestleMania XXVI (72,219) in Phoenix, WrestleMania XXVII (71,617) in Atlanta, WrestleMania", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "4242038", "text": "announce table, before striking a crew worker with lightning, setting him on fire; Undertaker was shown on the same episode speaking to his parents' gravestones, revealing it may have to take the damnation of his soul to reunite the troubled family. In January, Stone Cold Steve Austin won the Royal Rumble while Shawn Michaels retained his WWF World Heavyweight Championship, both under the auspices of Mike Tyson from the director's box. The following week on \"Raw Is War\", Vince McMahon revealed that Tyson would be the special guest referee for WrestleMania's main event until Austin appeared and gave the finger", "title": "WrestleMania XIV" }, { "id": "18502875", "text": "who passed out to Strowman's bear hug. Thus, The Wyatts defeated them. On the following nights \"Raw\", The New Day defeated The Lucha Dragons. After the match, the Dudley Boyz made their return to WWE, performing a \"3D\" on Xavier Woods through a table and confronting The Prime Time Players. The New Day would go on to retain their titles through 2015 and 2016. On December 13, 2016, The New Day's reigns reached 479 days, officially breaking the record set by Demolition to become the longest single reign in WWE history. 5 days later, at the pay-per-view , they lost", "title": "SummerSlam (2015)" }, { "id": "2110359", "text": "for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania XXX, but received an open contract to face anyone else of his choosing instead. The Undertaker then returned and attacked Lesnar with a chokeslam through a table, setting up their match at WrestleMania XXX. On April 6, Lesnar defeated Undertaker after executing three \"F-5\"s, ending his undefeated WrestleMania streak at 21, a feat that was described by \"Sports Illustrated\" as being \"the most shocking result since the Montreal Screwjob\". On the July 21 episode of \"Raw\", Triple H announced that Lesnar would face John Cena at SummerSlam for the WWE World Heavyweight", "title": "Brock Lesnar" }, { "id": "8086585", "text": "Championship, beating both The Rock and Steve Austin on the same night. Eventually Vince McMahon brought back Hollywood Hulk Hogan, Kevin Nash, and Scott Hall to reunite the nWo at the No Way Out pay-per-view in February 2002. However, the storyline proved unpopular with fans and Hogan soon turned face at WrestleMania X8 after his classic match with The Rock. On the March 25, 2002 edition of Raw, the World Wrestling Federation had the first time ever WWF draft lottery, which meant the WWF superstars are separated between two brands, Raw and SmackDown!. This became effective from April 1, 2002", "title": "History of WWE" }, { "id": "18552575", "text": "WrestleMania 34 WrestleMania 34 was the thirty-fourth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view event and WWE Network event produced by WWE for their Raw and SmackDown brands. It took place on April 8, 2018, at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The card comprised fourteen matches, including three on the pre-show. In the main event, Brock Lesnar retained the Universal Championship against Roman Reigns. In another main event match, AJ Styles retained the WWE Championship against Shinsuke Nakamura. Other matches saw Ronda Rousey make her WWE debut and Daniel Bryan return to the ring after nearly three years of absence.", "title": "WrestleMania 34" }, { "id": "16615880", "text": "WWE Main Event WWE Main Event is a professional wrestling television program produced by WWE that originally aired on Ion Television in the United States, then the WWE Network, and is now broadcast on Hulu Plus every Wednesday. It debuted on October 3, 2012 and ended its domestic broadcasting on April 1, 2014. After the final domestic TV broadcast, the show moved to an Internet broadcast format. The show features mid-to-low card WWE wrestlers. Because of an agreement with British broadcaster Sky Sports's first-run syndication rights, episodes do not air in first run on WWE Network, but are uploaded 18", "title": "WWE Main Event" }, { "id": "3320973", "text": "in September. Both \"PWI\" and the \"Wrestling Observer Newsletter\" (WON) voted him Wrestler of the Year for 2016 and in 2017 he was inducted into the \"WON\" Hall of Fame. With his second WWE Championship victory in Manchester, England in November 2017, Styles was recognized by WWE as the first wrestler to win the title outside of North America. At 371 days, this reign is the longest in SmackDown history under the brand extension as well as the eighth-longest overall (tied with Randy Savage's 1988–1989 reign). Allen Neal Jones was born at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in Jacksonville, North", "title": "A.J. Styles" }, { "id": "2283200", "text": "drew a record 78,363 fans in attendance. Also, at the time, the event set a new record for the highest-grossing live event in WWE history, grossing $8.9 million. The crowd witnessed the end of an era as The Undertaker defeated Triple H in a Hell in a Cell match, with WWE Hall of Famer Shawn Michaels as special guest referee. Also, CM Punk retained the WWE Championship against Chris Jericho. Miami native The Rock defeated John Cena in the 'Once in a Lifetime' main event set one year in advance but, they would face each other again at Wrestlemania 29", "title": "Hard Rock Stadium" }, { "id": "3582443", "text": "the main event match its annual PWI Match of the Year honor. The event was also included in a July 2007 special that aired on the MSG Network titled \"The 50 Greatest Moments at Madison Square Garden\", ranking at #30. In the December 2002 issue of \"Wrestling Digest\", the main event match-up was listed as number five in the most memorable twenty-five matches of the past twenty-five years. Echoing John Powell's thoughts, Kevin Eck of \"Wrestling Digest\" stated, \"The match itself was far from a technical-wrestling classic, but it delivered in terms of entertaining the crowd.\" In another \"Wrestling Digest\"", "title": "WrestleMania I" }, { "id": "17955216", "text": "alike. John Powell of Canadian Online Explorer gave the event a perfect 10 out of 10 star rating, calling it \"the best Mania ever\", with the main event between Brock Lesnar, Roman Reigns, and Seth Rollins rated 8.5 stars out of 10. Sting vs. Triple H received the highest rating of 9 stars out of 10, and Undertaker vs. Bray Wyatt was rated 8 stars out of 10. In his live report from the event, Dave Meltzer of the \"Wrestling Observer Newsletter\" described the event as \"one of the best shows I've ever seen. Several great matches, a killer angle", "title": "WrestleMania 31" }, { "id": "4507405", "text": "through August 1990, at which time he left the company. At the 1998 edition of their annual Halloween Havoc pay-per-view event, the WWF's now-defunct rival promotion World Championship Wrestling (WCW) pitted Hogan against Warrior once again. Hogan won with outside assistance, giving each man one victory apiece. The contest has garnered a legacy as one of the worst bouts in history, being vilified by critics, then-WCW president Eric Bischoff, and former company announcer Gene Okerlund. Bischoff has disputed the rumor that he hired Warrior merely to give Hogan an opportunity to avenge his WrestleMania VI loss. The event received mixed-to-positive", "title": "WrestleMania VI" }, { "id": "4510269", "text": "WrestleMania IV WrestleMania IV was the fourth annual WrestleMania professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on March 27, 1988, at the Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The announced attendance of WrestleMania IV was 19,199. The main event featured as the finals of a one-night fourteen-man single elimination tournament for the Undisputed WWF Heavyweight Championship, in which Randy Savage defeated Ted DiBiase to win the vacant title. The main matches on the undercard were a twenty-man battle royal won by Bad News Brown, Demolition (Ax and Smash)", "title": "WrestleMania IV" }, { "id": "2360607", "text": "and SmackDown (the ECW brand was retired in February), and this match was won by Jack Swagger. This was the last Money in the Bank Ladder match to date at WrestleMania event. WrestleMania XXVII featured the return of The Rock following a seven-year hiatus to serve as host for the event. Trish Stratus competed in her first WrestleMania since the twenty-second edition, teaming with John Morrison and \"Jersey Shore\"s Nicole \"Snooki\" Polizzi to defeat LayCool and Dolph Ziggler. Longtime WWE announcers Michael Cole and Jerry Lawler brawled in a match officiated by Stone Cold Steve Austin, while Triple H failed", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "5089694", "text": "winner, the 2013 Superstar of the Year Slammy Award winner and the SmackDown General Manager from July 2016 to April 2018. Bryan is the 26th Triple Crown Champion and the 6th Grand Slam Champion in WWE history and headlined several major pay-per-view events, including WrestleMania XXX. Danielson was previously signed to the WWE, then known as the WWF, for an 18-month period from 2000–2001. Prior to joining WWE for his second stint in 2009, Danielson wrestled for various companies internationally using both his real name and the ring name (and later nickname) American Dragon; David Shoemaker of ESPN's \"Grantland\" noted", "title": "Daniel Bryan" }, { "id": "3321076", "text": "attacked by Samoa Joe. Enraged, Styles demanded that Joe face him at Crown Jewel, which was later made official. At the event, Styles defeated Joe in a title match. On November 7, Styles surpassed the 365-day mark of his title reign, becoming the 8th man to have held the WWE Title for a continuous reign of a full year. After Crown Jewel, a rematch between Styles and Universal Champion Brock Lesnar was set for Survivor Series. On the November 13 episode of \"SmackDown Live\", Lesnar's advocate, Paul Heyman, announced Daniel Bryan as a better in-ring performer than Styles, to which", "title": "A.J. Styles" }, { "id": "5126280", "text": "WCW, beginning the New World Order storyline) -- December 23, 1996 -- June 23, 1997 -- December 22, 1997 (notable for being the first and only episode of \"nWo Monday Nitro\") WWE also visits the Centreplex. On January 28, 1991, the company (then called the World Wrestling Federation or \"WWF\") held their 5th and final episode of The Main Event, which aired nationally on NBC on February 1, 1991. The show featured the announcement that Hulk Hogan would face WWF Champion Sgt. Slaughter at WrestleMania VII for the title. The WWF also taped matches and segments for their syndicated shows,", "title": "Macon Coliseum" }, { "id": "18270790", "text": "over Paul Levesque (\"Triple H\"), while WWE performers cheered him on. During WrestleMania XXX on April 6, 2014, Michalek was in the front row to see Bryan win the WWE World Heavyweight Championship in the main event. Bryan embraced Michalek immediately following his victory. On April 25, 2014, Michalek died at the age of eight. Following Michalek's death, WWE released a video in his memory, which went viral, featuring him interacting with numerous WWE personnel during WrestleMania XXX weekend. On March 9, 2015, WWE announced that Michalek would be honored with the inaugural Warrior Award at the 2015 WWE Hall", "title": "Connor Michalek" }, { "id": "15009069", "text": "WrestleMania winning streak. In the penultimate match, Triple H defeated Brock Lesnar in a No Holds Barred match; had Triple H lost, he would have retired. Also, Alberto Del Rio retained the World Heavyweight Championship against Jack Swagger in the title's final defense at WrestleMania, as it was unified with the WWE Championship in . Due to that, this was the last WrestleMania to feature two world titles until WrestleMania 33 in 2017. WrestleMania 29 was a commercial success; it drew 80,676 fans, which became the third highest attended event in the history of WWE after WrestleMania 32 and WrestleMania", "title": "WrestleMania 29" }, { "id": "2360592", "text": "of the event, WrestleMania X saw its return to Madison Square Garden. The event featured Owen Hart defeating his elder brother Bret; a ladder match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship also headlined, in which Razor Ramon defeated Shawn Michaels. Bret having been defeated earlier won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Yokozuna in the main event. Bret is the first wrestler in WrestleMania history to lose his first match and come back to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship in the main event. After failing to capture the title from Diesel at WrestleMania XI, Michaels defeated Bret Hart to win", "title": "WrestleMania" }, { "id": "4240173", "text": "a little while, but Yokozuna came back with a belly to belly suplex. When Yokozuna attempted the Banzai drop, however, he lost his balance and fell to the mat. Hart quickly pinned Yokozuna to win the title. He celebrated in the ring with several of the face wrestlers including Lex Luger, \"Rowdy\" Roddy Piper, Razor Ramon, Tatanka, The 1–2–3 Kid, Sparky Plugg and \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage. Others who joined in the celebration included Burt Reynolds, Rhonda Shear, Donnie Wahlberg, and WWF commentators Gorilla Monsoon and Vince McMahon. Owen Hart stood in the aisle, glaring at Bret, then quickly left.", "title": "WrestleMania X" } ]

[ "March 27, 2018" ]

[ { "id": "19211966", "text": "reviews. Telltale announced during the July 2017 San Diego Comic Con that a second 5-episode season called \"Batman: The Enemy Within\" would launch on August 8, 2017, for PC, consoles, and mobile devices. The season focuses on Batman facing \"John Doe\", who has joined a criminal organization called \"The Pact\" consisting of supervillains such as Riddler, Harley Quinn, Bane, and Mr. Freeze as Bruce Wayne/Batman must work with both the Gotham City Police Department and the \"Agency\" led by Amanda Waller. While this will be a standalone title and does not require the first game, players' choices in the first", "title": "Batman: The Telltale Series" }, { "id": "17570268", "text": "Gotham (TV series) Gotham is an American crime drama television series developed by Bruno Heller, based on characters published by DC Comics and appearing in the Batman franchise, primarily those of James Gordon and Bruce Wayne. Heller and Danny Cannon, who directed the pilot, are executive producers. The series stars Ben McKenzie as the young Gordon, and premiered on Fox on September 22, 2014. In May 2018, Fox renewed the series for a fifth and final season of 12 episodes, which is set to premiere on January 3, 2019. Originally the series would have relied only on Gordon's early days", "title": "Gotham (TV series)" }, { "id": "19211963", "text": "the Tool were made for \"\" to include physics-based modeling and support for DirectX 11, \"Batman\" featured the full implementation of the new Tool. However, its development schedule was rushed, leading to some initial bugs on release, which were later fixed a few weeks later. The game was separated into five episodes, released in approximately monthly intervals for mobile devices, personal computers, and PlayStation and Xbox consoles. The version of the series for the Nintendo Switch was announced in August 2017, and was released on November 14, 2017. \"Batman: The Telltale Series\" received mixed-to-positive reviews from critics. Critics praised Telltale's", "title": "Batman: The Telltale Series" }, { "id": "20651607", "text": "Martin's back injury, the majority of his scenes were shot depicting Joe seated. In May 2018, \"Arrow\" star Stephen Amell announced at The CW upfronts that the next Arrowverse crossover would feature Batwoman and Gotham City. The crossover \"Elseworlds\" is slated to launch a 2019 solo series for the character. The season premiered on The CW in the United States on October 9, 2018. The annual crossover episode will swap time-slots with \"Supergirl\" for that week and will air on Sunday, December 9. The main cast of the season as well as executive producer Todd Helbing attended San Diego Comic-Con", "title": "The Flash (season 5)" }, { "id": "4213379", "text": "The Batman The Batman is an animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation based on the DC Comics superhero, Batman. The series usually aired on Saturday mornings from September 11, 2004, through March 8, 2008, during the Kids' WB television block. The show first aired on the WB Network, and later moved over to the CW. \"The Batman\" won six Daytime Emmy Awards over the course of the its run. Many elements from previous Batman story lines were borrowed and adapted, such as those from the comic books and film series (\"\" and the DC Animated Universe); however, it", "title": "The Batman" }, { "id": "40454", "text": "In 2014, the live-action TV series \"Gotham\" premiered on the Fox network, featuring David Mazouz as a 12-year-old Bruce Wayne. In 2018, when the series was renewed for its fifth and final season it was announced that Batman would make an appearance in the show's series finale. For the season 1 finale of \"Titans\", Alain Moussi portrays Batman as a stunt double. To commemorate the 75th anniversary of the character, Warner Bros aired the television short film, \"\", that was also posted on DC's YouTube channel. In 1989, Warner Bros. released the live-action feature film \"Batman\"; directed by Tim Burton", "title": "Batman" }, { "id": "1469800", "text": "2005. Volumes and the box set are available at websites like eBay.com, Amazon.com and Quicksales.com. All four volumes are available on the Australian iTunes Store, and were released individually on DVD on November 9, 2016, by Village Roadshow. During the series's 25th anniversary panel at the New York Comic Con on October 8, 2017, it was announced that the complete series and all 24 episodes of \"The New Batman Adventures\" will be released on Blu-ray later in 2018 (due to the financial success of the \"Batman: Mask of the Phantasm\" Blu-ray release in 2017). The Blu-Ray release came out around", "title": "Batman: The Animated Series" }, { "id": "2035242", "text": "Jr. had signed on as head script writer. He wrote the pilot script, and generally wrote in a pop-art adventure style. Stanley Ralph Ross, Stanford Sherman, and Charles Hoffman were script writers who generally leaned more toward campy comedy, and in Ross's case, sometimes outright slapstick and satire. It was originally intended as a one-hour show, but ABC changed the premiere date from fall 1966 to January of that year. With the network having only two early-evening half-hour time slots available, the show was split into two parts, to air twice a week in 30-minute installments. A cliffhanger connected the", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "15961824", "text": "Beware the Batman Beware the Batman is an American computer-animated television series based on the DC Comics superhero Batman. The series premiered in the United States on Cartoon Network on July 13, 2013, as part of their DC Nation block, replacing \"\". The series was produced by Warner Bros. Animation and DC Entertainment. The series ran on Cartoon Network until it was pulled from the schedule four months after its premiere, without official explanation. After the series was put on hiatus, the remaining episodes of the season began to air on Adult Swim's Toonami block, from July 27 to September", "title": "Beware the Batman" }, { "id": "14195696", "text": "to begin filming in London in 2016. On April 11, 2016, Season 5 was confirmed to be the show's last; it consists of seven episodes and premiered on August 20, 2017. The series finale, Season 5's \"Episode Seven\", aired on October 8, 2017. \"Episodes\" has received positive reviews by critics, with specific praise being given to the performances of stars Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Greig, and Matt LeBlanc. For his performance in the series Matt LeBlanc won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy and has been nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards. After married", "title": "Episodes (TV series)" }, { "id": "6870365", "text": "series, including: \"Training Day\" (2017), \"Gotham\" (2014), \"The Tomorrow People\" (2013), \"Nikita\" (2010), \"Dark Blue\" (2009), \"The Forgotten\" (2009), and \"Eleventh Hour\" (2008). Feature film directorial credits include \"Geostorm\" (2017), \"I Still Know What You Did Last Summer\" (1998), \"Judge Dredd\" (1995), and \"The Young Americans\" (1993). Cannon is currently the executive producer (and a writer/director) of FOX's superhero series \"Gotham\" (2014-2019), which won the Critics Choice Award for Most Exciting New Series in 2014. Following the show's season five series finale in Spring 2019, Cannon will executive produce a 10-episode, straight-to-series Batman prequel for Epix, titled Pennyworth, and will", "title": "Danny Cannon" }, { "id": "19539166", "text": "They planned to develop this series at least until 5 seasons, then the films will follow. The first episode was broadcast on April 8, 2016, with the second and third episodes shown on April 15 and April 22 respectively. It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3. Fourth, fifth and sixth episodes shown on July 22, July 29, and August 5 respectively. Seventh to ninth episodes are shown on October 28, 2016 for three consecutive weeks. Tenth to twelfth episodes are shown on December 30, 2016, January 6 and January 13, 2017. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season", "title": "Ejen Ali" }, { "id": "2035289", "text": "Edition, Limited Edition and Premium. In January 2014, Conan O'Brien posted on his Twitter account, and Warner Bros. later confirmed, that Warner Bros. would release an official DVD and Blu-ray boxed set of the complete series sometime in 2014. On April 10, 2014, the website tvshowsondvd.com quoted Burt Ward in saying that Warner Bros. would release the complete series on November 11, 2014, in time for the holiday season under license from 20th Century Fox Television, and that Adam West and he were doing special features for the release. Prior to the announcement, multiple conflicting reports were given for the", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "2035239", "text": "was the scrupulously formal dialogue, and the way that Batman earnestly believed he could avoid standing out while wearing a skintight blue-and-grey costume, that convinced West of the character's comic potential. With the death of Adam West on June 9, 2017, Burt Ward is now the only surviving main \"Batman\" cast member. In the early 1960s, Ed Graham Productions optioned the television rights to the comic strip \"Batman\" and planned a straightforward juvenile adventure show, much like \"Adventures of Superman\" and \"The Lone Ranger,\" to air on CBS on Saturday mornings. East Coast ABC executive Yale Udoff, a Batman fan", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "17154804", "text": "episodes aired in the first season while the second season, premiering on April 11, 2014, consisting of 19 episodes. The third season premiered on July 17, 2015 with 20 episodes aired. The fourth season premiered on June 9, 2017 with 19 episodes aired. The fifth season premiered on October 6, 2018. As of March 2014, a total of 100 million viewers in the United States had seen the series, and it was airing in 160 countries. As of June 2014, the show, translated in 34 languages, had reached over 135 million viewers worldwide. \"Mickey Mouse\" is available on HD on", "title": "Mickey Mouse (TV series)" }, { "id": "1469758", "text": "Batman: The Animated Series Batman: The Animated Series is an American animated television series based on the DC Comics superhero Batman. Developed by Bruce Timm and Eric Radomski and produced by Warner Bros. Animation, it originally aired on Fox Kids from September 5, 1992, to September 15, 1995, with a total of 85 episodes. For the final fifteen episodes, the series was given the on-screen title The Adventures of Batman & Robin, which was also used for reruns of earlier episodes. The series eventually spawned two continuation shows, \"The New Batman Adventures\" and \"Batman Beyond\". The series was praised for", "title": "Batman: The Animated Series" }, { "id": "2035240", "text": "in his childhood, contacted ABC executives Harve Bennett and Edgar J. Scherick, who were already considering developing a television series based on a comic-strip action hero, to suggest a prime-time \"Batman\" series in the hip and fun style of \"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\" When negotiations between CBS and Graham stalled, DC Comics quickly reobtained rights and made the deal with ABC, which farmed the rights out to 20th Century Fox to produce the series. In turn, 20th Century Fox handed the project to William Dozier and his production company, Greenway Productions. ABC and Fox were expecting a hip and fun—yet", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "17570280", "text": "have masterfully honored the mythology of \"Gotham\" and brought it to life with depth, emotion and memorable high drama.\" In May 2017, Fox renewed the series for a fourth season, which premiered on September 21, 2017. On May 13, 2018, Fox renewed the series for a fifth and final season originally consisting of 10 episodes then later increased to 12. The season began production in July that year, and is set to premiere on January 3, 2019. In January 2014, rumors arose that Donal Logue would portray Gordon in the series. Logue denied these rumors via Twitter. Logue was eventually", "title": "Gotham (TV series)" }, { "id": "2035284", "text": "of its popularity, it was the only prime-time television show other than \"Peyton Place\" to be broadcast twice in one week as part of its regular schedule, airing at 7:30 pm Wednesdays and Thursdays. Episodes of the show were filmed as two-part cliffhangers, with each storyline beginning on Wednesday and ending on the Thursday episode. In the second season, a pair of three-parters was also seen; at the very end of the Thursday night segment, a brief tag featuring the next week's villain would be shown, such as, \"Next week: Batman jousts with The Joker again!\" This started on the", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "2035234", "text": "Batman (TV series) Batman is a 1960s American live action television series, based on the DC comic book character of the same name. It stars Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin – two crime-fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of arch villains. It is known for its camp style, upbeat theme music, and its intentionally humorous, simplistic morality (aimed at its largely teenage audience). This included championing the importance of using seat belts, doing homework, eating vegetables, and drinking milk. It was described by executive producer William Dozier as the only situation comedy on", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "20260365", "text": "is either visited by Bruce or decides to become the hero's archenemy. However, if he was a criminal, he is shown playing with a doll version of Bruce, which he promises to see again. All episodes below were released for Windows, macOS, PlayStation, Xbox One, and mobile platforms on the dates given. The Nintendo Switch version was released as a single package on October 2, 2018. \"Batman: The Enemy Within\" was considered to be an improvement over its predecessor, earning praise for its story, choices, action sequences, and portrayal of the Batman mythos. However, the presence of technical issues, and", "title": "Batman: The Enemy Within" }, { "id": "11790927", "text": "Batman: The Brave and the Bold Batman: The Brave and the Bold is an American animated television series based in part on the DC Comics series \"The Brave and the Bold\" which features two or more superheroes coming together to solve a crime or foil a super villain. As the title suggests, the cartoon focuses on Batman's regular \"team-ups\" with various heroes similar to the most well-known version of the original comic book series. The series premiered on November 14, 2008 on Cartoon Network in the United States, and ended on November 18, 2011. Each episode of \"Batman: The Brave", "title": "Batman: The Brave and the Bold" }, { "id": "2550691", "text": "Batman Beyond Batman Beyond (known as Batman of the Future in Europe, Latin America, Australia, and Asia) is an American animated television series developed by Bruce Timm, Paul Dini, and Alan Burnett and produced by Warner Bros. Animation in collaboration with DC Comics as a continuation of the Batman legacy. Depicting a teenaged Batman in a futuristic Gotham City under the tutelage of an elderly Bruce Wayne, the series began airing on January 10, 1999, and ended its run on December 18, 2001. After 52 episodes spanning three seasons and one direct-to-video , the series was put on hold for", "title": "Batman Beyond" }, { "id": "40452", "text": "these shows, but was eventually replaced during \"Super Friends\" by Adam West, who also voiced the character in Filmation's 1977 series \"The New Adventures of Batman\". In 1992, \"\" premiered on the Fox television network; produced by Warner Bros. Animation and featuring Kevin Conroy as the voice of Batman. The series received considerable acclaim for its darker tone, mature writing, stylistic design, and thematic complexity compared to previous superhero cartoons, in addition to multiple Emmy Awards.The series' success led to the theatrical film \"\" (1993), as well as various spin-off TV series; including \"\", \"The New Batman Adventures\", \"Justice League\"", "title": "Batman" }, { "id": "5501610", "text": "of the \"Glee Girls\" for Jackie Gleason. She has appeared on a number of TV series including \"\", \"Bewitched\" (playing Darrin Stephens' ex-fiancée and Samantha's nemesis, Sheila Summers), \"Batman\" (episodes 5 and 6), \"I Dream of Jeannie\", \"Get Smart\", \"Perry Mason\", \"12 O'Clock High\", \"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\", \"The Invaders\" (season 2 episode 16 Task Force), \"Burke's Law\", \"Family Affair\" (1968 episode titled \"Family Plan\") and \"Hawaii Five-O\" (the 1969 episode \"The Face of the Dragon\"). She appeared in a key role as a sexy, native witchdoctor and femme fatale in one of the most sobering of the original \"Star", "title": "Nancy Kovack" }, { "id": "20375260", "text": "The Blade's Path \"The Blade's Path\" is the fifth episode of the fourth season and 71st episode overall from the Fox series \"Gotham\". The show is itself based on the characters created by DC Comics set in the Batman mythology. The episode was written by Tze Chun and directed by Scott White. It was first broadcast on October 19, 2017. In the episode, after Alex's funeral, Bruce discovers Ra's has a likely possibility to be released from prison and sets to go and kill him himself using the knife. Gordon and Alfred become worried about what Bruce could do and", "title": "The Blade's Path" }, { "id": "2035290", "text": "reason the series had not been released officially. These included: The series, under the Fox/ABC deal, is still in syndication, and regularly shown on a number of channels around the world, currently appearing in the United States on Me-TV and IFC . Until 2014, only the 1966 feature film was available on DVD from 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment for nonbroadcast viewing in North America. This affected the 2003 television movie reunion \",\" also released to DVD, which was able to make use of footage only from the 1966 movie. With \"Batman\" being unavailable for home-video release until 2014, an", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "4213395", "text": "Season 5, focused primarily on Batman and Robin, with the pair teaming up with some of the DC Universe's characters to battle different villains. These team-ups included Superman (voiced by George Newbern), Martian Manhunter (voiced by Dorian Harewood), Green Arrow (voiced by Chris Hardwick), the Flash (voiced by Charlie Schlatter), Green Lantern (voiced by Dermot Mulroney), and Hawkman (voiced by Robert Patrick). Producer Alan Burnett described the season as the show's \"\"The Brave and the Bold\" season\". Both Batgirl and Commissioner Gordon were relegated to either guest or cameo appearances during the season, where Barbara Gordon, having graduated from high", "title": "The Batman" }, { "id": "1469781", "text": "channel), debuting on January 8, 2010. The first 65 episodes were confirmed, with the first being \"The Cat and Claw, Part 1\". The show was scheduled to air on a weekly basis, airing at 7:00 AM, 6:00 PM, and midnight. All times are Eastern. The Hub started broadcasting the series on September 6, 2011. The channel aired a 10-episode marathon of the series on July 20, 2012, to coincide with the theatrical release of \"The Dark Knight Rises\" and even created an animated version of one of the film's trailers, featuring Kevin Conroy and Adrienne Barbeau re-dubbing Batman and Catwoman's", "title": "Batman: The Animated Series" }, { "id": "2035287", "text": "its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes. In 2009, \"Better Luck Next Time\" was ranked #72. The series' stars, Adam West and Burt Ward, were typecast for decades afterwards, with West especially finding himself unable to escape the reputation of a hammy, camp actor. However, years after the series' impact faded, an episode of \"\" paid tribute to West with an episode titled \"Beware The Gray Ghost\". In this episode, West himself provided the voice of an aging star of a superhero television series Bruce Wayne had watched as a child and from which he later found inspiration. This gave", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "2035235", "text": "the air without a laugh track. The 120 episodes aired on the ABC network for three seasons from January 12, 1966 to March 14, 1968, twice weekly for the first two and weekly for the third. In 2016, television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked \"Batman\" as the 82nd greatest American television show of all time. The series focused on the adventures of Batman and Robin. Although the lives of their alter-egos, millionaire Bruce Wayne and his ward Dick Grayson (Richard John Grayson) were frequently shown, it was usually only briefly, in the context of their being called", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "9146267", "text": "of the pilot led HBO to give the green-light to the first season in January 2016. After four episodes had aired, HBO renewed the series for a second season which premiered on January 14, 2018. On February 21, 2018, HBO renewed the series for a third season. Holmes portrays the lead character Batman in this parody web series. The series recreates scenes from Christopher Nolan's Batman films with a comedic twist, such as Batman appearing completely incompetent or sex-obsessed. Holmes has listed Brian Regan, Sinbad, Steve Martin, Gallagher, Jackie Martling, Conan O'Brien, Jerry Seinfeld, Chris Farley, Dane Cook, and Ray", "title": "Pete Holmes" }, { "id": "5795300", "text": "The New Batman Adventures The New Batman Adventures (often shortened as TNBA) is an American animated television series based on the DC Comics superhero Batman, and is a continuation of the 1990s \"\" and is the final season of the series. It was produced by Warner Bros. Animation and aired on Kids' WB from September 13, 1997 to January 16, 1999. The show lasted for 24 episodes, and was succeeded by \"Batman Beyond\". According to the reference book \"Batman Animated\", series writer Paul Dini originally wanted the new show to be titled \"Batman: Gotham Knights\", but this idea was rejected", "title": "The New Batman Adventures" }, { "id": "7972776", "text": "April 2014. The second run of \"Batman Eternal\", retitled as \"Batman & Robin Eternal\" launched on October 7, 2015. In 2016, Snyder and artist John Romita Jr. collaborated on the \"All-Star Batman\" series as part of the DC Rebirth relaunch. Snyder and Capullo launched the \"Dark Nights: Metal\" limited series in August 2017. Snyder and artist Andy Kubert created the \"New Challengers\", part of \"The New Age of DC Heroes\" line. Snyder and Rafael Albuquerque crafted \"The Fifth Season\" chapter in \"Action Comics\" #1000 (June 2018). He co-wrote \"Justice League: No Justice\" with Joshua Williamson and James Tynion IV, with", "title": "Scott Snyder" }, { "id": "6600894", "text": "creator Bruno Heller, which focuses on James Gordon (played by Ben McKenzie), a detective solving Thomas and Martha Wayne's murder. The pilot began filming in March 2014 and features Bruce Wayne (played by David Mazouz) at 12 years old. Fox Chairman Kevin Reilly revealed that the series has an origin story of Wayne becoming Batman in the final episode, and origin stories for Riddler, Penguin, Joker and Catwoman. The series has a similar tone to the Christopher Nolan Batman films. Danny Cannon directed the pilot and executive produces the series. Bruce Wayne or Batman is mentioned in various times of", "title": "Batman franchise media" }, { "id": "17843391", "text": "in the history of The CW, after \"The Vampire Diaries\" in 2009. It has been well received by critics and audiences, and won the People's Choice Award for \"Favorite New TV Drama\" in 2014. The series, together with \"Arrow\", has spun characters out to their own show, \"Legends of Tomorrow\", which premiered on January 21, 2016. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on October 9, 2018. In season one, after witnessing his mother's supernatural murder, Barry Allen is taken in by Detective Joe West and his family. Barry becomes a brilliant", "title": "The Flash (2014 TV series)" }, { "id": "19677622", "text": "of course, you're Batman — but even that's not guaranteed, depending on what flavor of Batman we're talking about.\" El Cucuy (Grimm) \"El Cucuy\" is the 5th episode of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\" of season 3 and the 49th overall, which premiered on November 29, 2013, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by Michael Golamco, and was directed by John Behring. Opening quote: \"Duérmete niño, duérmete ya... Que viene el Coco y te comerá.\" (\"Sleep child, sleep now... Or else the Bogeyman will come and eat you.\") Two weeks ago, a man named Andres Venegas", "title": "El Cucuy (Grimm)" }, { "id": "2035241", "text": "still serious—adventure show. However, Dozier, who had never before read comic books, concluded, after reading several Batman comics for research, that the only way to make the show work was to do it as a pop-art campy comedy. Originally, espionage novelist Eric Ambler was to have scripted a TV movie that would launch the television series, but he dropped out after learning of Dozier's campy comedy approach. Eventually, two sets of screen tests were filmed, one with Adam West and Burt Ward and the other with Lyle Waggoner and Peter Deyell, with West and Ward winning the roles. Lorenzo Semple", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "2035270", "text": "at the Mad Monster Party that one or two \"Batman\" animated movies would be released in 2016 with the two doing voiced roles as their characters for the show's 50th anniversary along with Julie Newmar returning. The trailer for \"\" made its debut on August 17, 2016. The film was released on Digital HD and Digital Media on October 11, 2016 and on DVD and Blu-ray November 1, 2016. A sequel to \"Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders\" called \"Batman vs. Two-Face\" was released on October 10, 2017. The film starred William Shatner voicing Two-Face as the main antagonist. Adam", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "2035249", "text": "into the realm of surrealism. In addition, the third season was much more topical, with references to hippies, mods, and distinctive 1960s slang, which the previous two seasons had avoided. Near the end of the third season, ratings had dropped significantly, and ABC cancelled the show. NBC agreed to take over the series, but before they could do so, they discovered that hundreds of thousands of dollars of \"Batman\" sets had been destroyed. Rather than rebuild the sets, NBC dropped the project. Reruns of the series have been seen on a regular basis in the United States. They are currently", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "9245481", "text": "Richard Brake Richard Colin Brake (born November 30, 1964) is a Welsh-American actor, known for portraying Joe Chill in \"Batman Begins\" (2005), Doom-Head in \"31\" (2016), and the Night King in \"Game of Thrones\" in the fourth and fifth season. Brake was born in Ystrad Mynach, Hengoed. In 1967 he and his family migrated to the United States, where they first settled in Atlanta. He then grew up in the states of North Carolina, Tennessee, and Ohio. Brake attended Western Reserve Academy in Hudson, Ohio, and trained in \"The Science of Acting\" under the technique's founder, and founding Principal of", "title": "Richard Brake" }, { "id": "20296891", "text": "on September 19, 2016 and concluded on June 5, 2017 with a two-hour season finale. The season had two breaks between episodes, with a continuous run between them. The first 11 episodes aired from September 19 to November 28, 2016; three episodes aired from January 16 to January 30, 2017; and the final 8 episodes aired from April 24 to June 5, 2017. In July 2016, the cast and crew attended San Diego Comic-Con to discuss and promote the season and showing the debut trailer for the season. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a score of 89% based on", "title": "Gotham (season 3)" }, { "id": "5795314", "text": "distribution services such as iTunes and Google Play specifically as \"Season 4\" of the animated series. Daytime Emmy Awards Young Artist Awards The New Batman Adventures The New Batman Adventures (often shortened as TNBA) is an American animated television series based on the DC Comics superhero Batman, and is a continuation of the 1990s \"\" and is the final season of the series. It was produced by Warner Bros. Animation and aired on Kids' WB from September 13, 1997 to January 16, 1999. The show lasted for 24 episodes, and was succeeded by \"Batman Beyond\". According to the reference book", "title": "The New Batman Adventures" }, { "id": "2035243", "text": "two episodes, echoing the old movie serials. Some ABC affiliates weren't happy that ABC included a fourth commercial minute in every episode of \"Batman\". One affiliate refused to air the series. The network insisted it needed the extra advertising revenue. The Joker, the Penguin, the Riddler, Catwoman, Mr. Freeze, and the Mad Hatter, villains who originated in the comic books, all appeared in the series, the plots for which were deliberately villain-driven. According to the producers, Frank Gorshin was selected to portray the Riddler due to the fact that he was a Batman fan since childhood. Catwoman was portrayed by", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "19539167", "text": "1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.", "title": "Ejen Ali" }, { "id": "40377", "text": "Batman, but at the cost of his memories as the reborn Bruce Wayne. He returns and helps Jim Gordon defeat Mr. Bloom and shut down the reactor. Gordon gets his job back as the commissioner, and the government Batman project is shut down. In 2015, DC Comics released \"\", the sequel to Frank Miller's \"The Dark Knight Returns\" and \"The Dark Knight Strikes Again\". In June 2016, the DC Rebirth event relaunched DC Comics' entire line of comic book titles. \"Batman\" was rebooted as starting with a one-shot issue entitled \"Batman: Rebirth\" #1 (Aug. 2016). The series then began shipping", "title": "Batman" }, { "id": "20051713", "text": "Silence of the Slams \"Silence of the Slams\" is the 13th episode of season 5 of the supernatural drama television series \"Grimm\" and the 101st episode overall, which premiered on March 18, 2016, on the cable network NBC. The episode was written by Brenna Kouf and was directed by David Straiton. In the episode, Nick and Hank investigate the murder of a man which is related to a wrestler who is wearing a mask with special powers. The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics, who praised the case of the week. Opening quote: \"Give a man a mask and", "title": "Silence of the Slams" }, { "id": "20601106", "text": "include Alan Tudyk as Joker, Ron Funches, J. B. Smoove, Jason Alexander, Wanda Sykes, Giancarlo Esposito, Natalie Morales, Jim Rash, Diedrich Bader as Batman (reprising his role from \"\"), Tony Hale, and Christopher Meloni as James Gordon. Shortly after, Rahul Kohli revealed he would voice Scarecrow in the series. \"Harley Quinn\" has tentatively been scheduled by DC Universe to be released from mid-October 2019 through early 2020. On October 3, 2018, ahead of the annual New York Comic Con, a teaser trailer featuring Harley Quinn, Poison Ivy, and Batman was released. Harley Quinn (TV series) Harley Quinn is an upcoming", "title": "Harley Quinn (TV series)" }, { "id": "20298490", "text": "Batman vs. Two-Face Batman vs. Two-Face is a 2017 American animated direct-to-video superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment. It is a sequel to \"\". It premiered at the New York Comic Con on October 8, 2017, was released digitally on October 10, 2017, and was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 17, 2017. Based on the 1960s \"Batman\" TV series, the film stars Adam West (in his final role before his death), Burt Ward and Julie Newmar reprising their roles of Batman, Robin and Catwoman from the series. The film included", "title": "Batman vs. Two-Face" }, { "id": "4213401", "text": "received its share of criticism. IGN commented in the article \"A History of Batman\" that \"The Batman\"s \"characters have a much more kiddie and cartoonish feel than those seen in the \"\" and its kin\", and that the \"various Batsuits and gadgets and many action scenes\" were intended to \"inspire toys for kids to buy\". The Batman The Batman is an animated television series produced by Warner Bros. Animation based on the DC Comics superhero, Batman. The series usually aired on Saturday mornings from September 11, 2004, through March 8, 2008, during the Kids' WB television block. The show first", "title": "The Batman" }, { "id": "9697186", "text": "The Joker Is Wild (Batman) \"The Joker is Wild\" is an episode of the \"Batman\" television series in its first season, most notable for being Cesar Romero's debut as the Joker. It was first telecast as the fifth episode on ABC January 26, 1966 and was rerun May 25, 1966 and May 24, 1967. The story begins with the Joker in prison pitching in (and enjoying) a ballgame. After a few pitches, the catcher switches the ball with one he has stashed in his padding, and tells the Joker \"This is the one.\" As the batter hits the ball, a", "title": "The Joker Is Wild (Batman)" }, { "id": "2035264", "text": "Robin climb by walking up the side of the structure with the aid of the rope. The climbing sequences were filmed by rotating the camera 90 degrees and building a set for the \"side\" of the structure along the studio floor. The heroes' capes were pulled back (to replicate the pull of gravity) with invisible lines. In many episodes, celebrities made cameo appearances by popping their heads out of windows along these climbs to speak to the heroes. In one episode, Catwoman's hideout is a hair salon owned by a \"Mr. Oceanbring\". The real-life inspiration for the character, hair stylist", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "19377323", "text": "20, 2017 and in the UK and Ireland on November 30, 2017. The series formally premieres with two new episodes on Disney Channel on June 9, 2018, followed by two more new episodes on June 10, 2018, with weekly premieres every Saturday through September starting on June 16, 2018 with episodes airing at 7 a.m. starting on September 8. Big Hero 6: The Series Big Hero 6: The Series is an American superhero comedy animated television series, produced by Disney Television Animation and developed by \"Kim Possible\" creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. The series is based on Disney's 2014", "title": "Big Hero 6: The Series" }, { "id": "1469804", "text": "also appear as downloadable skins in the games. Due the success of the show, Fox approached Bruce Timm to make a spin-off centered on Catwoman, but the project was scrapped in favor of \"\". Batman: The Animated Series Batman: The Animated Series is an American animated television series based on the DC Comics superhero Batman. Developed by Bruce Timm and Eric Radomski and produced by Warner Bros. Animation, it originally aired on Fox Kids from September 5, 1992, to September 15, 1995, with a total of 85 episodes. For the final fifteen episodes, the series was given the on-screen title", "title": "Batman: The Animated Series" }, { "id": "10409878", "text": "Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th", "title": "2007 New York Dragons season" }, { "id": "9697191", "text": "AVERT DISASTER??<br> ANSWERS... TOMORROW NIGHT! SAME TIME, SAME CHANNEL! The Joker Is Wild (Batman) \"The Joker is Wild\" is an episode of the \"Batman\" television series in its first season, most notable for being Cesar Romero's debut as the Joker. It was first telecast as the fifth episode on ABC January 26, 1966 and was rerun May 25, 1966 and May 24, 1967. The story begins with the Joker in prison pitching in (and enjoying) a ballgame. After a few pitches, the catcher switches the ball with one he has stashed in his padding, and tells the Joker \"This is", "title": "The Joker Is Wild (Batman)" }, { "id": "6465728", "text": "Fran Ryan Fran Mary Ryan (November 29, 1916 – January 15, 2000) was an American character actress featured in television and films. She was born in Los Angeles, California. Ryan began performing at the age of six at Oakland's Henry Duffy Theatre. She attended Stanford University for three years, and during World War II was a member of the USO entertaining troops. She performed comedy, singing and acting on stage in California and Chicago, and launched her television career two decades later. Her television debut came in episode 43 of \"Batman\", in 1966, followed by a bit part in \"Beverly", "title": "Fran Ryan" }, { "id": "20117272", "text": "Batman and Harley Quinn Batman and Harley Quinn is a 2017 American animated superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment. It is the twenty-ninth film in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series, and is directed by Sam Liu and written by Jim Krieg and Bruce Timm, who has also worked on \"\". It has been stated by Timm that he considers the film a spiritual successor to \"\". It premiered on July 21, 2017 at San Diego Comic-Con International and was released into participating theaters for one night only on August 14,", "title": "Batman and Harley Quinn" }, { "id": "10338613", "text": "critically and commercially successful. The film opened on June 15, 2005, in the United States and Canada in 3,858 theaters. It grossed $48 million in its opening weekend, eventually grossing over $372 million worldwide. The film received an 85% overall approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes. Critics noted that fear was a common motif throughout the film, and remarked that it had a darker tone compared with previous \"Batman\" films. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Cinematography and for three BAFTA awards. It was also listed at No. 81 on \"Empire\"'s \"500 Greatest Movies of All Time\"", "title": "Batman in film" }, { "id": "20234950", "text": "season 5 episode 8 and concludes on \"Legends of Tomorrow\" season 2 episode 7. Similarly, the episode \"Star-Crossed\" ends with Music Meister hypnotizing Kara and fleeing to Earth-1 to do the same to Barry, thus initiating the events of \"The Flash\" season 3 episode \"Duet\". The score for the season was composed by Blake Neely. The season began airing on The CW on October 10, 2016, in the United States, and ended on May 22, 2017. It premiered on the same day as the United States in Canada on Showcase, and on October 24, 2016, in the United Kingdom on", "title": "Supergirl (season 2)" }, { "id": "8974267", "text": "(episodes 1-2, 4-5). In 2018, she appeared as Professor Ariane Cornell in an episode of \"Casualty\". An associate of Connie Beauchamp, Cornell is involved in removing a cancerous tumor from her brain and saving her life. Stewart later appeared as Cornell in an episode of \"Holby City\". Her work in film includes: \"The Road to Guantanamo\", \"A Cock and Bull Story\", \"Batman Begins\" (as Martha Wayne), \"London Voodoo\", \"The Winslow Boy\" and \"Mrs. Brown\". She holds dual citizenship for the UK and the US. Now based in Twickenham, she was married to actor Aden Gillett. They have two children, son", "title": "Sara Stewart" }, { "id": "2035247", "text": "Harriet was reduced to just two cameo appearances during the third season, due to Madge Blake's poor health and the issue of trying to fit so many characters (Batman, Robin, Batgirl, Alfred, Commissioner Gordon, Chief O'Hara and a guest villain) into a half hour episode. Another cast change for the final season was replacing Julie Newmar, who had been a popular recurring guest villain as the Catwoman for the first two seasons. Singer-actress Eartha Kitt assumed the role for season three, as Newmar was working on the film \"Mackenna's Gold\" at that time and thus unable to appear. In the", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "18848616", "text": "Bend & Break \"Bend & Break\" is the fifth episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 225th episode overall. It aired on October 23, 2014 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Meg Marinis and directed by Jesse Bochco. On its initial airing it was watched by 8.62 million viewers and mixed to positive reviews from the critics. In the episode, Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) and Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) take a look into the problems that have contributed to their troubled marriage. At work, Callie immerses", "title": "Bend & Break" }, { "id": "20420592", "text": "Batman: Gotham by Gaslight Batman: Gotham by Gaslight is a 2018 American animated steampunk superhero alternate history action thriller film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment. It is the thirtieth film in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It is directed and produced by Sam Liu and written by James Krieg, based on the one-shot graphic novel of the same name and upon its sequel, which was titled \"Master of the Future\". The film was released for a world premiere screening at the Newseum in Washington, D.C. during the \"DC in D.C.\" event", "title": "Batman: Gotham by Gaslight" }, { "id": "5507575", "text": "action\". The first episode of the sequel, \"\", was released in December 2013 with episode 2 being released in March 2014, episode 3 in May 2014, episode 4 in July 2014 and episode 5 in August 2014. The first episode of the second sequel,\"\", was released in December 2016 with episode 2 being released December 2016, episode 3 in March 2017, episode 4 in April 2017 and episode 5 in May 2017. \"\" released August 14th 2018, was set to a halt on September 21, 2018 as most of the staff was \"laid off\" cause of money issues but as", "title": "The Walking Dead (comic book)" }, { "id": "17014831", "text": "the series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on", "title": "The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series)" }, { "id": "11020968", "text": "appear in this episode are Kilowog (voiced by John DiMaggio), Katma Tui (voiced by Tara Strong), Boodikka (voiced by Grey DeLisle), Ch'p (voiced by Frank Welker), and Sinestro (voiced by John de Lancie), as well as nonspeaking appearances by Stewart, Arisia Rrab, G'nort, and Guy Gardner. In the fourth-season finale of \"The Batman\", \"The Joining\", the Justice League is introduced. Hal Jordan is included among its members, in a non-speaking cameo. He next appears in the fifth-season episode \"Ring Toss\", voiced by Dermot Mulroney and again in the 2-part series finale, \"Lost Heroes\". Guy Gardner appears in multiple episodes of", "title": "Green Lantern in other media" }, { "id": "3100698", "text": "\"The Simpsons\", later in 2010 on an episode of \"SpongeBob SquarePants\", and in 2013 for one of the final episodes of \"Futurama\". Ward remained friends with West, until his death on June 9, 2017, at age 88. After West's death, Ward and Julie Newmar became the last surviving main cast members of Batman. After the end of \"Batman\", Ward found himself hard-pressed to find other acting jobs. He re-emerged to act in more than 40 made-for-television films such as \"Virgin High\". In 1985, DC Comics named Ward as one of the honorees in the company's 50th-anniversary publication \"Fifty Who Made", "title": "Burt Ward" }, { "id": "5789134", "text": "2017 on MTV. The 10th season contains a total of 16 episodes which were broadcast from November 30, 2017 to March 1, 2018 on MTV. The 11th season will consist of 22 episodes and premiered on March 15, 2018 on MTV, two weeks after the end of Season 10. The season resumed on July 12, 2018. The 12th season will consist of 26 episodes and premiered on August 17, 2018 on MTV. The 13th season had filmed in Atlanta from October 29 to November 11, 2018 and will air sometime in 2019 on MTV. Wild 'n Out Nick Cannon Presents:", "title": "Wild 'n Out" }, { "id": "2439848", "text": "Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern (John Stewart), The Flash (Wally West), Martian Manhunter (J'onn J'onzz), and Hawkgirl. According to audio commentary on the DVD release of Season 2, the second season finale \"Starcrossed\" was expected to be the final episode of the series. However, in February 2004, Cartoon Network announced a follow-up series, \"Justice League Unlimited\", which premiered on July 31, 2004 and featured a larger roster of characters. Kevin Conroy reprised his voice role as Batman from \"\" (1992–1995), \"The New Batman Adventures\" (1997–1999), and \"Batman Beyond\" (1999–2001). Batman's costume was redesigned, but this time, his costume was", "title": "Justice League (TV series)" }, { "id": "2035293", "text": "episode \"The Joker is Wild\" and a bonus box containing the movie and the \"Adam West Naked\" documentary. This series is also available at the iTunes Store. Starting in 1966, an enormous amount of Batman merchandise was manufactured and marketed to cash-in on the TV show's vast popularity. This includes trading cards, bubblegum cards, scale model kits of the Batmobile and Batboat, coloring books, and board games. Items from this particular era have gained substantial collector appeal with their remarkable variety, scarcity, and style. One of the most desired collectibles involves the episodes introducing Catwoman (\"The Purr-fect Crime\"/\"Better Luck Next", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "2035285", "text": "third week of the series' run and continued until the end of season two. The first episode of a storyline would typically end with Batman and Robin being in a deathtrap, while the narrator (Dozier) would tell viewers to watch the next night with the repeated phrase: \"Tune in tomorrow—same Bat-time, same Bat-channel!\" Even decades after the show ceased production, this catch-phrase remains a long-running punchline in popular culture. Television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked \"Batman\" as the 82nd greatest American television show of all time in their 2016 book titled \"TV (The Book)\", stating that \"West's", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "19539168", "text": "October 6 and October 13 respectively. Just like Season 1, It is shown every Friday, at 5:30 p.m. on TV3, Fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth episodes shown on November 17, November 24, December 1 and December 8 respectively. Episode nine to eleven aired from February 9 to February 23, 2018. The twelfth episode was released on March 23, 2018. Thirteenth episode (last episode of Season 2) was released on March 30, making 26 episodes total. These characters are the agents of M.A.T.A (\"Meta Advance Tactical Agency\"), a secret spy organization that possess advanced technologies and is responsible for keeping the peace", "title": "Ejen Ali" }, { "id": "4594338", "text": "join his new Injustice League. In \"Nanopolis\" (#57–59), the Prankster tricks Superman and shrinks him to microscopic size. Batman must find him and return him to normal size. Before returning to normal, the two heroes must rescue the microscopic civilization whose existence has been inadvertently endangered by the Prankster. As of issue #46, Mike Johnson joined with Michael Green to continue the series; issue #44 was the beginning of the new run. They are the first writers to hold regular roles on this series since Jeph Loeb. In \"K\" (#44 to #49, illustrated by Shane Davis), Superman and Batman began", "title": "Superman/Batman" }, { "id": "19283442", "text": "Viper (Gotham) \"Viper\" is the fifth episode of the television series \"Gotham\". It premiered on FOX on October 20, 2014 and was written by Rebecca Perry Cutter and directed by Tim Hunter. In the episode, detectives Gordon (Ben McKenzie) and Bullock (Donal Logue) are investigating a new street drug that causes euphoria and then death. Meanwhile, Cobblepot (Robin Lord Taylor) works his way deeper into Maroni’s (David Zayas) inner circle and Fish Mooney (Jada Pinkett Smith) continues to plot to take down Falcone (John Doman). The episode was watched by 6.09 million viewers but received mixed reviews, mostly for lack", "title": "Viper (Gotham)" }, { "id": "20841684", "text": "episode, ranging from five days until broadcast to when the episode began airing. At time of the episode's initial announcement, it was stated that the episode would air in August 2018. On 24 July 2018, it was confirmed that the episode would air on 11 August. The episode premiered on BBC One at 21:10 and was available to watch on BBC iPlayer for thirty days after its broadcast. Official ratings from the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board showed that 5.51 million people had watched the episode on BBC One and BBC iPlayer within 7 days of the original broadcast. Within 28", "title": "Episode 1094" }, { "id": "40379", "text": "on \"Detective Comics\" #934, and the series initially featured a team consisting of Tim Drake, Stephanie Brown, Cassandra Cain, and Clayface, led by Batman and Batwoman. DC Comics ended the Rebirth branding in December 2017, opting to include everything under a larger \"DC Universe\" banner and naming. The continuity established by Rebirth continues across DC's comic book titles, including volume one of \"Detective Comics\" and the third volume of \"Batman\". Batman's secret identity is Bruce Wayne, a wealthy American industrialist. As a child, Bruce witnessed the murder of his parents, Dr. Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne, which ultimately led him", "title": "Batman" }, { "id": "17570278", "text": "we're starting with that one. That show is going to have a very strong, serialized element.\" On October 13, Fox ordered an additional six episodes for the show, bringing the first season order to a full 22 episodes. In February 2014, it was reported that production would begin in New York City in March. Filming for the first season finished on March 24, 2015. Speaking of the project at the 2014 winter TCA press tour, Reilly described the series as \"this operatic soap that has a slightly larger-than-life quality. This is not some adjunct companion series. This is the Batman", "title": "Gotham (TV series)" }, { "id": "17899786", "text": "the Riddler which was released in November 2015; and \"A Flip of a Coin\", set after the events of the main game, in which Robin hunts down Two-Face, which was released in November 2015. The Harley Quinn and Red Hood story packs which were pre-order bonuses were also considered \"Arkham Episodes\". December 2015 saw the release of four \"Season of Infamy\" missions, which see Mad Hatter playing sinister mind-games with Batman, with members of the GCPD caught in the middle; Killer Croc escaping from his maximum security cell and wreaking havoc on a crashed airship; the League of Assassins returning", "title": "Batman: Arkham Knight" }, { "id": "3316639", "text": "and doctor, in an eight-part Netflix original crime drama called \"Safe\", which premiered on 10 May 2018. Hall's film credits include the thriller \"Paycheck\" (2003), the science fiction thriller \"Gamer\" (2009), the 2011 drama \"The Trouble with Bliss\" (2011), the comedy \"Peep World\" (2012), and \"Kill Your Darlings\" (2013). Hall performed in a film adaptation of Joe R. Lansdale's cult novel \"Cold in July\", directed by Jim Mickle. The film premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah. In the next year, Hall voiced Batman in \"\". Hall portrayed Abraham Lincoln's advisor, Leonard Swett, in the 2017", "title": "Michael C. Hall" }, { "id": "18545355", "text": "and \"Legends of Tomorrow\" (on the second night). In May 2018, \"Arrow\" star Stephen Amell announced at The CW upfronts that the next Arrowverse crossover would feature Batwoman and Gotham City. The crossover is slated to air in December 2018, ahead of a potential 2019 solo series for the character. \"Supergirl\" was confirmed to have a participating episode in August, which would close out the three-part crossover, trading nights with \"The Flash\" just for the event. Therefore the show’s participating episode airs on Tuesday, December 11. In July 2015, a four-page preview comic entitled \"Sister Act\", written by Ali Adler,", "title": "Supergirl (TV series)" }, { "id": "19381438", "text": "story arc he had planned from the beginning. In March 2016, it was announced that King would be writing the main bi-weekly \"Batman\" series beginning with a new #1, replacing long-time writer Scott Snyder, as part of DC's Rebirth relaunch that June. King has stated that his run will be 100 issues total, with the entirety being released twice-monthly. His run has included a star-studded roster of artists, such as David Finch, Mikel Janin, Joelle Jones, Lee Weeks, Clay Mann, and more. In August 2017, King and regular collaborator Mitch Gerads launched the first issue of their Mister Miracle series,", "title": "Tom King (comics)" }, { "id": "2035286", "text": "performance, the brilliance of which has required decades to be properly recognized, played as if series creator William Dozier and chief developer Lorenzo Semple Jr., had taken the establishment's fantasy of itself and dolled it up in tights and a cape ... The anarchic gangs of supervillains and henchmen that kept trying to capture or destroy Gotham City stood in for the forces of chaos that kept threatening to engulf so-called civilized America throughout the sixties, only made colorfully grotesque and knowingly silly.\" In 1997, TV Guide ranked the episodes \"The Purr-fect Crime\" and \"Better Luck Next Time\" #86 on", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "3318690", "text": "Yvonne Craig Yvonne Joyce Craig (May 16, 1937 – August 17, 2015) was an American ballet dancer and actress best known for her role as Batgirl in the 1960s television series \"Batman\" and as the green-skinned Orion slave girl Marta in the \"\" episode \"\" (1969). \"The Huffington Post\" called her \"a pioneer of female superheroes\" for television. Yvonne Craig was born in Taylorville, Illinois, and was raised in Columbus, Ohio. In 1951, her family moved to the Oak Cliff neighborhood in Dallas, Texas, where she attended WH Adamson High School and then Sunset High School, from which she technically", "title": "Yvonne Craig" }, { "id": "12570531", "text": "various TV credits to his name. His first television appearance was in a December 1996 episode of \"Only Fools and Horses\", where he played a mugger in the iconic \"Batman and Robin\" scene. In 1998, he appeared in season 10 of \"Hale and Pace\". In 2003, he appeared in the British sitcom \"Mad About Alice\" as Jason. In 2004, he appeared as Johnny Two Hats in \"The Mighty Boosh\" episode \"Electro\". The same year, he had guest appearances in \"French and Saunders\" and in the 2005 Christmas special of \"My Family\". In 2006, Clark appeared in the ITV comedy drama", "title": "Dan Clark" }, { "id": "7831126", "text": "Catwoman and Martha Wayne and Joseph May as Superman. Currently 10 episodes divided into two seasons are available via online streaming off of TheWB's website. The episodes are also available for purchase online via Apple's iTunes Store and other distribution channels, such as Amazon's Video On Demand for $0.99/two-episodes. Season 1 Episode List (debuted on 12/8/2008): Season 2 Episode List (debuted on 7/23/2009): IGN Comics ranked \"Volume 1\" of \"Batman: Black and White\" #13 on a list of the 25 greatest Batman graphic novels, saying: \"Though having just eight pages to tell a story can certainly be confining, it also", "title": "Batman Black and White" }, { "id": "19939298", "text": "August 2016. The series started filming in Salt Lake City in September 2016, and finished filming in December 2016. The first episode became available on the Disney Channel App, On-Demand, Disney Channel's YouTube, iTunes, Amazon, and Google Play on March 10, 2017, while the second episode became available the same day via Disney Channel On-Demand as well as to subscribers using the Disney Channel App. The series premiered on Disney Channel on April 7, 2017. A total of 13 episodes were ordered for the first season; however, only 12 episodes were aired. Disney Channel renewed the series for a second", "title": "Andi Mack" }, { "id": "19680298", "text": "Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders is a 2016 American direct-to-video animated superhero film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. Based on the 1960s \"Batman\" TV series, the film stars Adam West, Burt Ward and Julie Newmar reprising their roles of Batman, Robin and Catwoman from the series. Originally intended to be released directly on home media, the film premiered at the New York Comic Con on October 6, 2016, and had a simultaneous release in theaters on October 10, 2016, a digital release on October 11, 2016, and", "title": "Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders" }, { "id": "2035276", "text": "in \"window cameos\" while the Batman and Robin were climbing a building. This was in part one of a two-part second-season episode of the \"Batman\" TV series, \"The Spell of Tut\", which aired on September 28, 1966. Later that same season, the Green Hornet and Kato appeared in the two-part second-season episodes \"A Piece of the Action\" and \"Batman's Satisfaction\", which aired on March 1–2, 1967. In the two episodes, the Green Hornet and Kato are in Gotham City to bust a counterfeit stamp ring run by Colonel Gumm (portrayed by Roger C. Carmel). The \"Batman's Satisfaction\" episode leads to", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "10409701", "text": "3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:", "title": "2007 Orlando Predators season" }, { "id": "19721949", "text": "The series officially premiered on September 23, 2017, coinciding with the original show's 30th anniversary. On May 1, 2018, the show moved to the Disney Channel, with new episodes airing on Fridays beginning May 4, 2018. In Canada, the pilot premiered on Disney XD on August 12 and the full series started on September 23, 2017. In Australia and New Zealand, the show premiered on Disney Channel on October 13, 2017. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the pilot premiered on Disney Channel on November 4, 2017. The full series debuted on March 1, 2018 on Disney XD. In Indonesia,", "title": "DuckTales (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "2035236", "text": "away on superhero business, or in circumstances where they needed to employ their secret identities to assist in their crime-fighting. The \"Dynamic Duo\" typically come to the aid of the Gotham City Police upon the latter being stumped by a supervillain. Throughout each episode, Batman and Robin have to follow a series of wildly improbable clues to discover the supervillain's plan, then figure out how to thwart that plan and capture the criminal. For the first two seasons, \"Batman\" aired twice a week on consecutive nights. Every story is a two-parter, except for two three-parters featuring villainous team ups (the", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "6600895", "text": "The CW's series \"The Flash\", \"Arrow\", \"Supergirl\" and \"DC's Legends of Tomorrow\". The 2018 crossover \"Elseworlds\" confirms that Batman exists within the Arrowverse in both Earth-1 (home of \"Arrow\" and \"The Flash\") and Earth-38 (home of \"Supergirl\"). In Earth-38, he is friends or \"frenemies\" with Superman, while on Earth 1 Bruce Wayne, along with Batman, has disappeared three years before the events of the crossover. Gotham is now being protected by his cousin Kate Kane / Batwoman. \"Gotham\" creator Bruno Heller and executive producer Danny Cannon will develop an Alfred Pennyworth TV series titled \"Pennyworth\" which will be an origin", "title": "Batman franchise media" }, { "id": "2035298", "text": "the 1960s television series. The opening credits feature Batman rope-climbing up a building, something that Adam West and Burt Ward often did in the show. Several villains from the 1960s show including King Tut, Egghead, Mad Hatter, Archer, Bookworm, False Face, Black Widow, Siren, Marsha Queen of Diamonds, Louie the Lilac, Ma Parker, and Shame make cameo appearances as prisoners at Iron Heights prison in the episode \"Day of the Dark Knight!\" They are all captured by Batman and Green Arrow during a mass escape attempt. In \"Mayhem of the Music Meister!\" the same villains have brief cameos. The episode", "title": "Batman (TV series)" }, { "id": "17570283", "text": "on September 28. In the United Kingdom, it premiered on Channel 5 on October 13. The channel also screen the second season but after failing to screen the third season it was announced in August 2017 that the season would premiere exclusively on DVD and Blu-ray and be on Netflix from September 1. In Ireland, it premiered on RTÉ2 on January 26, 2015. In March 2018, it was announced that E4 had acquired the rights to air the fourth season on UK television. In September 2014, Warner Bros. sold the series' worldwide video on demand rights to Netflix. In early", "title": "Gotham (TV series)" }, { "id": "18900254", "text": "the one that had sex with Anita. She becomes very distressed, especially when he asks who Tom is, and tells him to leave. The episode ends with Joe getting a taxi and being driven away. In the UK on 12 July 2015, 3.847 million households watched the episode on Channel 4, and 0.470 million watched on Channel 4 +1. In the United States, the episode aired on 26 July 2015 and garnered a viewership of 1.15 million. Gerard O'Donovan of \"The Telegraph\" gave the episode 4 stars out of 5, saying \"for the first time since its opening episode Humans", "title": "Series 1, Episode 5 (Humans)" }, { "id": "1469780", "text": "Batman Adventures\" premiered on Kids' WB, airing alongside \"\" as part of an hour-long program titled \"The New Batman/Superman Adventures\". Cartoon Network aired reruns of \"Batman: The Animated Series\" from March 2, 1998, to 2004. On July 3, 2000, the series was added to Cartoon Network's Toonami line-up. In 2005, reruns of the series were aired on Cartoon Network's sister channel Boomerang. The series later began airing on Toon Disney's Jetix line-up on September 30, 2007, again alongside \"Superman: The Animated Series\" (despite Warner Bros. being one of Disney's biggest competitors). The show aired on Teletoon Retro (a Canadian broadcasting", "title": "Batman: The Animated Series" }, { "id": "11790929", "text": "It was announced at the San Diego Comic Con 2010 that \"Batman: The Brave and the Bold\" would end after season three, which had 13 episodes. Production began on a new Batman animated series, which was set to return the character to a more serious tone. However, a new direct-to-video crossover with Scooby-Doo, entitled \"\", was announced for release in 2018. The show has no overarching story, instead having most episodes stand alone. The show is lighter in tone than previous Batman series, depicting the Dark Knight as more lighthearted and playful with a \"dry, ironic wit.\" The show features", "title": "Batman: The Brave and the Bold" }, { "id": "19948058", "text": "Iron Sharpens Iron (May 3, 2017) Episode 4: Piece of Us (May 10, 2017) Episode 5: A Brutal Business (May 17, 2017) Episode 6: Let Me Bang! (May 24, 2017) Episode 7: Dark Horse (May 31, 2017) Episode 8: Kryptonite (June 7, 2017) Episode 9: Killashaw (June 14, 2017) Episode 10: Time to Smash (June 21, 2017) Episode 11: Embrace the Snake (June 28, 2017) Episode 12: The Winner's Circle (July 5, 2017) The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption Finale (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 25 Finale) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship held on", "title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption" }, { "id": "2035306", "text": "and Alfred. Also, Adam West is a playable character. The Batmobile from the show is also included as a drivable vehicle. The end credits sequence remakes the Batclimb window cameos. Batman (TV series) Batman is a 1960s American live action television series, based on the DC comic book character of the same name. It stars Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin – two crime-fighting heroes who defend Gotham City from a variety of arch villains. It is known for its camp style, upbeat theme music, and its intentionally humorous, simplistic morality (aimed at its largely teenage audience).", "title": "Batman (TV series)" } ]

[ "Dayar-e-Dil", "Akbari Asghari", "Noorpur Ki Rani", "Zindagi Gulzar Hai", "Dastaan", "Mera Naseeb", "Humsafar", "Dil E Muztar" ]

[ { "id": "20419608", "text": "Aangan (Hum TV series) Aangan (; ) is a Pakistani period drama created and produced by Momina Duraid Productions, and directed by Mohammed Ehteshamuddin. Written by Mustafa Afridi, it is the dramatization of the award-winning novel of the same name by Khadija Mastoor. Based on the partition of the Indian Subcontinent, the drama has Mawra Hocane, Ahsan Khan, Sonya Hussyn, Sajal Aly, Ahad Raza Mir and Hira Mani as leading actors. They explore their romantic life before the partition. The series began on Hum TV from 20 December 2018, and will air on Thursdays at 8:00 PM PST. In a", "title": "Aangan (Hum TV series)" }, { "id": "20419610", "text": "the resulting independence of Pakistan. It depicts a Hindustani family that was divided mercilessly before the partition of Pakistan by the unfortunate time incidents. The story also has a political take, including British Raj, All-India Muslim League and Indian National Congress. The novel \"Aangan\" was written by Khadija Mastoor in 1962, and won the Adamji Literacy Award in the same year. It was also translated into 13 languages, with \"The Women's Courtyard\" in English by Daisy Rockwell. While the original novel is set in the 1940s and 1950s, \"Dawn Images\" reported in December 2017 that the drama is planned as", "title": "Aangan (Hum TV series)" }, { "id": "16055997", "text": "Humsafar Humsafar (English: Companion) is a Pakistani drama television series directed by Sarmad Sultan Khoosat, based on a novel of the same name written by Farhat Ishtiaq. It originally aired on Hum TV from 24 September 2011 to 3 March 2012, consisting of 23 episodes. It was preceded by Mastana Mahi and followed by Durr-e-Shahwar. The story revolves around the trials and tribulations of a married couple Khirad and Asher. Khirad Ahsaan (Mahira Khan) belongs to a small locality in Hyderabad and lives with her mother Maimoona (Saba Faisal). Maimoona's brother Baseerat Hussain (Behroze Sabzwari) is wealthy and married to", "title": "Humsafar" }, { "id": "17821725", "text": "Hum Award for Best Writer Drama Serial The Hum Award for Best Writer Drama Serial is one of the Hum Awards of Merit presented annually by the Hum Television Network and Entertainment Channel (HTNEC). It is given in an honor of writers who has written best scripts (not based upon previously published material) and screenplay adaptations (usually a novel, play, short story, or TV show but sometimes another film) working in the television industry. Original and Adapted screenplays are jointly nominated in this category. The 1st Hum Awards (for 2012) was held in 2013, Umera Ahmed was the first winner", "title": "Hum Award for Best Writer Drama Serial" }, { "id": "20419617", "text": "\"Haasil\" (2016). It will also mark the second collaboration of Ahad Raza Mir with Mawra after \"Sammi\" (2017), and with Sajal Aly and Hira Mani after the \"Yaqeen Ka Safar\" (2017). It will also be the fifth collaboration of the director with MD Productions after \"Aseerzadi\" (2013), \"Sadqay Tumhare\" (2014), \"Preet Na Kariyo Koi\" (2015) also starring Ahsan and Hira, and \"Udaari\" (2016). Aangan (Hum TV series) Aangan (; ) is a Pakistani period drama created and produced by Momina Duraid Productions, and directed by Mohammed Ehteshamuddin. Written by Mustafa Afridi, it is the dramatization of the award-winning novel of", "title": "Aangan (Hum TV series)" }, { "id": "18224450", "text": "in the novel whereas, in the TV drama, she is a major character. The OST is composed by Waqar Ali and is sung by singers Nida Arab and Adeeb Ahmed. The song was well received by the audience. Mere Humdum Mere Dost Mere Humdum Mere Dost (english: My companion, my friend) is a Pakistani romantic drama series first aired on Urdu 1. It has been directed by Shehzad Kashmiri and produced by Momina Duraid. This drama serial is based on Farhat Ishtiaq's novel of the same name. Zindagi (India) started airing this series from 21 March 2016 onwards. Aimen, a", "title": "Mere Humdum Mere Dost" }, { "id": "16056011", "text": "at Lux Style Awards.It won six awards.It is the highest number of awards bagged by a TV Play at Lux Style Awards.It was victorious in all the categories in which it was nominated.It also became first play to win \"Best Song of the Year\". Momina Duraid Fawad Khan Mahira Khan Sarmad Khoosat Qurat-ul-Ain Balouch Woh Humsafar Tha_Qurat-ul-Ain Balouch Momina Duraid Sarmad Khoosat Mahira Khan Naveen Waqar Mahira Khan and Fawad Khan Humsafar Humsafar (English: Companion) is a Pakistani drama television series directed by Sarmad Sultan Khoosat, based on a novel of the same name written by Farhat Ishtiaq. It originally", "title": "Humsafar" }, { "id": "16156744", "text": "the novel is told mainly from Khirad’s point of view. The story has been adapted into a drama serial (Humsafar), produced by Momina Duraid and directed by Sarmad Sultan Khoosat. The drama aired on Hum TV from September 2011 to February 2012. Following the production of the serial a new edition of the book was published. The novel begins with the arrival of a bitter and angry Khirad Hussain at Ashar Hussain’s office. Khirad informs Ashar that her daughter Hareem is a patient of congenital heart disease and requires immediate open heart surgery. As Ashar is Hareem’s biological father and", "title": "Humsafar (novel)" }, { "id": "17821730", "text": "were telecast, and the figure in bracket shows the ceremony number, for example; an award ceremony is held for the dramas of its previous year. Hum Award for Best Writer Drama Serial The Hum Award for Best Writer Drama Serial is one of the Hum Awards of Merit presented annually by the Hum Television Network and Entertainment Channel (HTNEC). It is given in an honor of writers who has written best scripts (not based upon previously published material) and screenplay adaptations (usually a novel, play, short story, or TV show but sometimes another film) working in the television industry. Original", "title": "Hum Award for Best Writer Drama Serial" }, { "id": "18978034", "text": "Muqaddas (TV series) Muqaddas is a 2015 Pakistani romantic, thriller drama serial. Most of people loved it because of the suspense of each episode. It was based on the novel of Adeel Razzak and aired on Hum TV. The series is directed by Ali Masud Saeed and produced by Momina Duraid. It stars Noor Hassan, Iqra Aziz, ZQ, Hina Khawaja Bayat, Farhan Ali Agha, Agha Jarar, Khalid Anam, Nida Khan, Furqan Qureshi... etc in leading roles. Airing date of first episode was 25 May 2015 by the timing of 9:10pm. This drama was on aired on every Monday & Tuesday.", "title": "Muqaddas (TV series)" }, { "id": "18273035", "text": "Humsafars Humsafars (English: \"Life Partners\") is an Indian television drama show which premiered on 22 September 2014. The show aired on Sony TV from Monday to Friday. The show was directed and produced by Gul Khan under the production of 4 Lions Films. It starred Harshad Chopda and Shivya Pathania. The show chronicles the love story of Arzoo, who values truthful relationships, and Sahir, who is caught between his affection for Arzoo and nostalgia for his comatose wife. Arzoo is a hardworking and virtuous woman, who lives with her mother Nausheen, and sisters Zara and Myra. She dreams of becoming", "title": "Humsafars" }, { "id": "18955403", "text": "of troubles and hardships in her life, Jugnoo always proves to be confident and jolly girl. The drama was widely lauded due to its comic touch and glimpse. It was one of the highest rated drama of the channel during its run. However, some critics labelled the show as a baseless plot. Jugnoo (TV series) Jugnoo () ; (english:firefly) was a 2015 Pakistani romantic drama serial. It is based on the novel Shehzori by Mirza Azeem Baig Chughtai. It was originally aired on Hum TV on Fridays, 8:00 pm. The series is directed by Farooq Rind and produced by Momina", "title": "Jugnoo (TV series)" }, { "id": "19103261", "text": "Gul-e-Rana Gul-e-Rana () (Sweet-Smelling Flower) is a Pakistani drama serial based on a novel by Samra Bukhari titled \"Hasti Ke Ahang\". The program premiered on 7 November 2015 on Hum TV. The serial was written by Samra Bukhari, directed by Farooq Rind and produced by Momina Duraid along with Humayun Saeed and Shehzad Naseed. It stars Sajal Aly and Feroze Khan along with the supporting cast of Mehmood Akhtar, Rubina Ashraf and Sundas Tariq. The series was created by Momina Duraid, Humayun Saeed and Shehzad Naseed of Six Sigma Plus Productions and aired on Hum TV as part of night", "title": "Gul-e-Rana" }, { "id": "20419611", "text": "a three-part series spanning a number of decades and will also feature the story of the 1980s and 2000s as in continuity. The director Ehteshamuddin told \"The News\" in a March 2017 interview, \"It was initially thought out as a film but now we're making a play out of it,\" adding, \"We might turn it into a film later.\" He chose Mustafa Afridi to write the screenplay. Mustafa told \"Daily Times\" in a September 2018 interview that it took him a year to \"understand the novel and a year and a half to adapt it\" as a script. He commented", "title": "Aangan (Hum TV series)" }, { "id": "6760045", "text": "Manohar Shyam Joshi Manohar Shyam Joshi (9 August 1933 – 30 March 2006) (Hindi: मनोहर श्याम जोशी) was a Hindi writer, journalist and scriptwriter, most well known as the writer of Indian television's first soap opera, \"Hum Log\" (1982) and his early hits \"Buniyaad\" (1987), \"Kakaji Kahin\", a political satire and \"Kasap\", a novel which won him the Sahitya Akademi Award. Manohar Shyam Joshi was born on 9 August 1933 at Ajmer in Rajasthan, the son of a noted educationist and musicologist belonging to a Kumaoni Brahmin family from Almora, Uttar Pradesh now in the state of Uttarakhand. He is", "title": "Manohar Shyam Joshi" }, { "id": "20419612", "text": "that \"all the characters have been defined in\" skilled great detail by the author, and he worked hard to \"stay true\" to the \"essence of the novel and its characters\" while script-writing. He strongly hoped to \"take the story forward from where\" Khadija left it, into two sequels. On 17 October 2017, it was reported that Mawra Hocane had signed up for the project. On 19 October, it was reported that Ahsan Khan had also signed up, along with Sajal Aly and Ahad Raza Mir. On 4 November, Sonya Hussyn signed up for the project, all in the lead cast.", "title": "Aangan (Hum TV series)" }, { "id": "7332159", "text": "who had written the popular Mexican telenovela on educational entertainment, \"Ven conmigo\" (Come with Me, 1975) on adult literacy, was invited to India. Working with local writer, he helped created the series which tackled social issues like family planning, caste harmony, empowerment of women, national integration, dowry, alcoholism and drug abuse. \"Ven conimgo\" was in turned based on the a Peruvian telenovela, \"Simplemente María\" (Simply Maria, 1969-1971). The cast would meet for rehearsals at 3 pm at Himachal Bhavan, near Mandi House in Delhi, and thereafter a van would take them to a studio in suburb Gurgaon where it was", "title": "Hum Log (TV series)" }, { "id": "19312678", "text": "false police involvements and negative political supports, in order to break the myths and taboos which surround these issues by providing real solutions to serious problems. It centers on the lives of Sheedan and Sajida with Sheedan holding criticism due her local music career and Sajida's struggle after her second marriage when her husband rapes her daughter. The show was first aired on Hum TV, as a part of night programming all under Duraid's production company. The series is produced and written by the makers of \"Humsafar\", \"Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu\" and \"Diyar-e-Dil\". Udaari has an ensemble cast with Bushra Ansari", "title": "Udaari" }, { "id": "19154430", "text": "Aik Thi Misaal Aik Thi Misal, was a Pakistani television program which was based on a novel of the same name by Rukhsana Nigar. It was first aired on 14 September 2015 in Hum TV. It was directed by Shaquille Khan and written by Rukhsana Nigar. This program was ended on 12 January 2016. The plot of HUM's most current play Ek Thi Misal highlights the situation of the young lady Misal, whose perfect world is flipped around on account of the desire and envy of her close relative and grandma, prompting to her parents' separation. It is concurred that", "title": "Aik Thi Misaal" }, { "id": "20419614", "text": "a cameo role in the drama and two songs have been picturised on her. Other cast include Madiha Rizvi, Shehzad Kashmiri and Ali Rizvi. The spell took place between June and August 2018 in Karachi. On 26 September, the role of Shehroz Sabzwari was also revealed. The casting was mostly done by Momina Duraid, who reportedly kept delaying the shoots to cast the right actors she wanted, as they were not available before. Khizer Gul has served as the cinematographer for the drama. Talking about her family background, Sonya Hussyn shared to \"The Express Tribune\" that she thinks she relates", "title": "Aangan (Hum TV series)" }, { "id": "19102745", "text": "Preet Na Kariyo Koi Preet Na Kariyo Koi (English: No one should [fall in] love) (Urdu: ) is Pakistani romantic comedy drama serial that premiered on 3 November 2015 on Hum TV. It is written by Amna Mufti, directed by Ehteshamuddin and produced by Momina Duraid under her production company. It stars Ahsan Khan and Hira Salman in lead roles. Preet Na Kariyo Koi is a story of Shagufta, Ilyas and Shams. Shagufta is a simple town young lady who's engaged with her cousin Ilyas who runs a dress shop and avoids street fights and corporate politics, however Shagufta views", "title": "Preet Na Kariyo Koi" }, { "id": "18224447", "text": "Mere Humdum Mere Dost Mere Humdum Mere Dost (english: My companion, my friend) is a Pakistani romantic drama series first aired on Urdu 1. It has been directed by Shehzad Kashmiri and produced by Momina Duraid. This drama serial is based on Farhat Ishtiaq's novel of the same name. Zindagi (India) started airing this series from 21 March 2016 onwards. Aimen, a 20-year-old girl is raised by her mother Zainab in absence of her father Taufeeq. During her last days, Zainab wrote letter to Taufeeq and requested that he raises Aimen. Taufeeq receives the letter when he was about to", "title": "Mere Humdum Mere Dost" }, { "id": "18955402", "text": "Jugnoo (TV series) Jugnoo () ; (english:firefly) was a 2015 Pakistani romantic drama serial. It is based on the novel Shehzori by Mirza Azeem Baig Chughtai. It was originally aired on Hum TV on Fridays, 8:00 pm. The series is directed by Farooq Rind and produced by Momina Duraid. It stars Yumna Zaidi and Zahid Ahmed as main leads. Series narrates the story of a young and fun-loving girl Jugnoo (Yumna Zaidi) who had lost her father at an early age. She along with her mother Shah Jahan, lives with her maternal aunt Jahangir (Ismat Zaidi). Despite facing a lot", "title": "Jugnoo (TV series)" }, { "id": "17267139", "text": "to be one of the few hits in 2014. The character Hashim, is all about finding his identity(shinakht)through the journey of life. He also hosted the Red Carpet and the Making of 1st Hum Awards 2013. \"Muqaddas\" is also one of Hassan's dramas where is he best known as Aatir. Hassan started his career as an RJ on Fm 101 and Power99 Islamabad at an early age. He stepped into the world of televisione when he was asked to host live music shows for Channel 3, PTV and ATV, Pakistan. His contribution as a host(live shows) included a live music", "title": "Noor Hassan" }, { "id": "17192524", "text": "Sania Saeed and Salman Shahid respectively. \"Dil-e-Muztar\" and \"Ek Pagal Si Larki\" won two awards each. While others dramas to win one award were \"Rehaai\", \"Ishq Humari Galion Main\", \"Extras - The Mango People\", \"Rishtay Kuch Adhorey Se\", \"Behadd\" and \"Ullu Baraye Farokht Nahi\". The Nominees of Hum Awards were announced on 2 March 2014 at the bloggers meeting by GM Public Relations and Publications Shehnaz Ramzi, In meeting Only Four categories were announced which were set open for public voting on channels official website, and rest of the categories were announced during the ceremony. This year Television Awarding categories", "title": "2nd Hum Awards" }, { "id": "19154432", "text": "acting deaths took place. Misaal's Maternal and Paternal Grandmother also died but there is no proper reason of their deaths. Aik Thi Misaal Aik Thi Misal, was a Pakistani television program which was based on a novel of the same name by Rukhsana Nigar. It was first aired on 14 September 2015 in Hum TV. It was directed by Shaquille Khan and written by Rukhsana Nigar. This program was ended on 12 January 2016. The plot of HUM's most current play Ek Thi Misal highlights the situation of the young lady Misal, whose perfect world is flipped around on account", "title": "Aik Thi Misaal" }, { "id": "7421154", "text": "Hum Paanch (TV series) Hum Paanch (English: \"We Five\") is an Indian sitcom that first aired in 1995. It ran until 1999. The series returned for a second season in 2005 and ran until mid-2006. It is regarded as one of the all-time favourite comedies along with \"Dekh Bhai Dekh\". The lead actors of the show — Ashok Saraf, Vidya Balan, Rakhee Tandon, Bhairavi Raichura, Vandana Pathak — gained overnight stardom and became iconic TV actors. \"Hum Paanch\" is the story of a middle-class white-collar worker, Anand Mathur, who always finds himself in trouble because of his five daughters —", "title": "Hum Paanch (TV series)" }, { "id": "17157614", "text": "Rehaai Rehaai (, English: \"Bail\") is a 2013 Pakistani television drama serial directed by Mehreen Jabbar and written by \"Farhat Ishtiaq\". It was aired on 18 March 2013 on the Hum TV. This drama series was made in partnership with Kashf Foundation, a wealth management organisation for low-income women. It highlights the stories of real-life Kashf clients, of the problems they face and have overcome with support for Kashf's microfinance services. The serial stars Noman Ijaz, Samina Peerzada, Maria Wasti, Adnan Jilani, Yashal Nadeem and Danish Taimoor. REHAAI is also selected by Indian TV Channel Zindagi airing from 13 August", "title": "Rehaai" }, { "id": "19945627", "text": "and founded her own production company Momina Duraid Productions and became the senior producer of Hum TV. In 2011, Duraid convinced Farhat Ishtiaq to dramatize her novel \"Humsafar\" into a television series, which was previously rejected by two production houses. After its release \"Humsafar\" gained instant popularity and received the overwhelming response from critics and people all over the world. Critics regarded \"Humsafar\" as revival of drama industry. Sabahat Zakariya of \"Dawn News\" wrote, \"If Haseena Moin was the benchmark of mass popularity back then, then \"Humsafar\" is an indicator of our endemic regressiveness.\" The series has a cult following", "title": "Momina Duraid" }, { "id": "15026215", "text": "Hum Tum (TV series) Hum Tum () is a Pakistani television serial which premiered on Geo Entertainment on 26 October 2010 and ended on 1 February 2011. The series is directed by Rana Rizwan, is written by popular Khurram Fareed, and produced by Yasir Nawaz and wife Nida Yasir's production house, Fareed Nawaz Productions. The official soundtrack is called \"Hum tum kho na jayain\", composed and performed by Azal The Band, originally released in 2008. The track also serves as a background score for many scenes throughout the drama. Asif (Sajid Hasan) and Shagufta (Atiqa Odho) meet each other after", "title": "Hum Tum (TV series)" }, { "id": "19945624", "text": "Momina Duraid Momina Duraid (born 30 June 1971) is a Pakistani director and producer. She is a senior producer and creative head of television network Hum TV and CEO of her own production company Momina Duraid Productions. She has produced and created several series including \"Dastaan\" (2010), \"Qaid-e-Tanhai\" (2010–11), \"Humsafar\" (2011–12), \"Shehr-e-Zaat\" (2012), \"Zindagi Gulzar Hai\" (2012–13), \"Diyar-e-Dil\" (2015), \"Sadqay Tumhare\" (2015), \"Mann Mayal\" (2016), \"Udaari\" (2016), \"Bin Roye\" (2016) and \"Yaqeen Ka Safar\" (2017). In 2015, Duraid ventured into film direction and co-directed \"Bin Roye\". Later that same year, she founded film production house, Hum Films. She is married", "title": "Momina Duraid" }, { "id": "7452057", "text": "best director award for it on LUX Style Awards. He directed \"Jal Pari,\" which was aired on Geo TV. He went on to direct \"Humsafar\" for Hum TV, which became an overnight success. His serial \"Shehr-e-Zaat\" was especially popular with women. He conducted a workshop at the Lahore University of Management Sciences's annual amateur film festival in June 2011. He has directed episodes for \"Faseele Jaan Se Aagay\" and \"Ashk\". Khoosat directed the remake of the original Pakistani film, \"Aina\", as a telefilm. In 2016, he completed shooting \"Mein Manto\". In October 2018 he delivered a 24-hour-long live act, \"No", "title": "Sarmad Khoosat" }, { "id": "17821726", "text": "of award for the screenplay adaptation of \"Maat\" from her novel of same name. Since its inception, the award has been awarded to three writers, Umera Ahmed is the most nominated and awarded writer with five nominations, and two wins. As of 2015 year ceremony, Khalil-ur-Rehman Qamar is the most recent winner in this category for his original screenplay \"Sadqay Tumhare\". The Best Writer drama serial category originates with the 1st Hum Awards ceremony since 2013. This category has been given to the best writer/playwrighter drama serial of previous year to the ceremony held. The name of the category officially", "title": "Hum Award for Best Writer Drama Serial" }, { "id": "6166526", "text": "Hum TV Hum TV is a 24-hour Urdu General Entertainment TV channel based in Karachi, Pakistan. It was founded by Sultana Siddiqui and Duraid Qureshi. It is owned by Hum Network Limited (KSE:HUMNL). Hum Network Limited was known as \"Eye Television Network Limited\" prior to 21 January 2011. Hum TV began its transmission on 17 January 2005. In March 2013, Hum Network held its first Hum Awards ceremony.As of 1 May 2018 Hum TV transmits in HD in Pakistan. HUM TV drama serials are primarily produced under production company Momina Duraid Productions, owned by Momina Duraid who is also a", "title": "Hum TV" }, { "id": "17232805", "text": "Woh Humsafar Tha Woh Humsafar Tha (, \"lit.\" He was [my] co-journeyer) is a ghazal written in 1971 by Naseer Turabi and made famous as the title song of the Pakistani drama serial Humsafar which aired on Hum TV. The ghazal was originally sung by Abida Parveen and later by Qurat-ul-Ain Balouch. This ghazal was written in 1971 by Naseer Turabi, expressing his sorrow of the secession of East Pakistan. Who Humsafar Tha was first sung as a ghazal by Abida Parvin in the late 1970s. More recently, it was sung by Qurat-ul-Ain Balouch and used as the title song", "title": "Woh Humsafar Tha" }, { "id": "19563515", "text": "Humrahi Humrahi is a social drama series broadcast on Doordarshan network in the early 1990s. It was written by Manohar Shyam Joshi and directed by Kunwar Sinha. The series showed a family dealing with problems within their home and society. Himani Shivpuri made her debut in the negative role of Devaki Bhaujai (or Bhojai, another word for Bhabhi) and her character was very popular. The show had an ensemble cast including Sadiya Siddiqui as Angoori, Anang Desai, Gopi Desai, Mohan Bhandari and others. The title song of the show was \"\"Yahin kahin par hai, teri meri manzil\"\". The story was", "title": "Humrahi" }, { "id": "20010434", "text": "Yaqeen Ka Safar Yakeen Ka Safar (lit: The Journey of Faith) is a Pakistani television drama serial that premiered on April 19, 2017 on Hum TV. It is written by Farhat Ishtiaq and directed by Shahzad Kashmiri. The series centers around common issues depicting violence against women, pitfall of the justice system, and political disaffection. It is written and produced by the makers of Humsafar, Dil e Muztar, Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu, Alvida, Diyar-e-Dil, Udaari and Bin Roye. It was created by Momina Duraid of MD Productions. The show was first aired on Hum TV, as a part of night programming", "title": "Yaqeen Ka Safar" }, { "id": "12506530", "text": "and \"Hum Bambai Nahin Jayenge\" (1993), for BI Television, was set in an acting school. 1996's \"Just Mohabbat\" was the story of a boy's coming-of-age, and \"Naya Daur\" (1995) adapted a classic Hindi novel by Bhagwati Charan Verma for Zee TV. Dhulia's 1999 series \"Star Bestsellers\", a sequence of six 45-minute short stories (\"Ek Sham Ki Mulaqat\", \"Fursat Main\", \"Hum Saath Saath Hain Kya\", \"Anekon Hitler\", \"Musafir\", and \"Bhawaron Ne Khilaya Phool\"), won him popular recognition. His 2005 comedy \"Who Dus Din\", for Star TV, satirised the Indian film industry, while \"Ek Duje Ke Liye\", produced the same year and", "title": "Tigmanshu Dhulia" }, { "id": "17278293", "text": "Awards\" which will be held in Dubai. The reason to hold the ceremony in Dubai was Hum Network's completion of a 10 years and global success. Hum Award has pulled in a bigger haul when TV dramas and programs hits are favoured to win the Best Drama of the year, as of first ceremony, Best Drama Serial Winner is held by critically acclaimed Hum serial \"Shehr-e-Zaat\", written and playwright-ed by modern age popular fiction writer \"Umera Ahmad\". Following is the listing of Hum Awards Merit categories since 2013. As of 2nd ceremony, criteria of awards has been changed by management,", "title": "Hum Awards" }, { "id": "19985145", "text": "O Rangreza O Rangreza (), was a Pakistani romantic drama serial that airs on Hum TV. It stars Bilal Abbas Khan and Sajal Ali in lead roles. It is written by Saji Gul and is directed by Kashif Nisar, who previously directed \"Dumpukht\", which also starred Bilal Abbas Khan along with Sonia Mishal. The story is of stubborn girl, Sassi (Sajal Aly), who makes her father Khayyam (Noman Ijaz) ideal and follows his footsteps and treats her mother Mumtaz \"Mammo\" (Irsa Ghazal) exactly like how Khayyam treats her. Her maternal cousin Qasim (Bilal Abbas Khan), the serious orphan guy who", "title": "O Rangreza" }, { "id": "18273809", "text": "Mausam (TV series) Mausam (lit: Weather) is a Pakistan television drama serial aired on Hum TV in 2014. Produced by Momina Duraid and written by Aliya Bukhari, it is based on the theme of love and jealousy. It stars Ahsan Khan, Hareem Farooq and Yumna Zaidi. Drama shows the relationship between two cousins (Shazia and Saman) who belong to a middle-class family. They live in the same house and are very friendly with each other. Everything changes when they met a rich bachelor named Hashir. The ambitious Shazia starts dreaming of marrying Hashir, but he falls for the modest Saman.", "title": "Mausam (TV series)" }, { "id": "17113445", "text": "declares her eternal love for her dead husband and vows to live with the memories of Hassan till her last breath. Humnasheen Humnasheen (or Hum Nasheen) also known as \"Kabhi Aashna Kabhi Ajnabi\" in India is a 2013 Pakistani drama serial by Hum TV, which aired for the first time on 24 February 2013. Serial is directed by Siraj-ul-Haque and written by \"Syeda Shahla Shakoor\". It is produced by Momina Duraid, stars are Adnan Siddiqui, Faiza Hassan, Arij Fatyma, Rija Ali, Humayun Ashraf and Raheel Butt. This show is also ready to telecast in India on Zindagi from 13 April", "title": "Humnasheen" }, { "id": "5842997", "text": "to star in the television film \"Sunshine\" (1973), about a young mother dying of cancer, and featuring the songs of John Denver. There was also a short-lived television series based on the film. The song \"My Sweet Lady\" from the film reached #17 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Pop Chart in 1974. \"Sunshine Christmas\", a sequel, was produced in 1977. Since then, DeYoung has appeared in more than 80 films and television series, including \"Harry and Tonto\" (1974), \"The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case\" (1976), \"Captains and the Kings\" (1976), \"The 3,000 Mile Chase\" (1977), \"Centennial\" (1978) as John Skimmerhorn, \"Blue Collar\"", "title": "Cliff DeYoung" }, { "id": "19649367", "text": "Sang-e-Mar Mar Sang-e-Mar Mar () (meaning \" Marble or Sang e Mar Mar ka dil meaning heart like marble\") (previously titled \"Daasi\" is a Pakistani romantic drama serial that was first aired on Hum TV on 1 September 2016. It stars Sania Saeed, Mikaal Zulfiqar and others. It is the fourth appearance of Noman Ijaz on Hum TV after his 2013 appearance in the serial \"Rehaai\". It is the second appearance of Uzma Hassan and with Tipu Sharif after their appearance in the 2015 serial \"Mohabbat Aag Si\" and Uzma Hassan's second appearance with Mikaal Zulfiqar as well after their", "title": "Sang-e-Mar Mar" }, { "id": "8125428", "text": "Humraaz Humraaz (Hindi: हमराज़, English: \"Confidant\") is a 2002 Indian romantic thriller film directed by the duo Abbas-Mustan and produced under the Venus Movies banner. Released on 5 July 2002, it stars Bobby Deol, Akshaye Khanna and Amisha Patel in lead roles. The movie is loosely based on 1998 film \"A Perfect Murder\". Karan (Akshaye Khanna) and Priya (Amisha Patel) are the lead pair of a dance troupe & in love with each other. They land a gig on a cruise ship (destined for Malaysia) owned by a rich businessman named Raj (Bobby Deol). Raj, who is attracted to Priya", "title": "Humraaz" }, { "id": "18672204", "text": "Faarah admits her love for Wali the day her contract was due, and the two reconciled removing all the misconceptions they had in their hearts and complete the valley of heart (Diyar-e-Dil). \"Diyar-e-Dil\" was developed by Hum TV's senior producer Momina Duraid of MD Productions, the channel hired the award-winning director Haseeb Hassan to direct the series. Story of serial is based on award-winning writer Farhat Ishtiaq's novel of the same name \"Dayar-e-Dil\" with few variations. Screenplay is also written by Ishtiaq while script composing is done by Muhammad Wasi-ul-Din. Farhat has previously worked twice with Momina, when she wrote", "title": "Diyar-e-Dil" }, { "id": "6895441", "text": "Tate and Elke Sommer. Larch appeared in two Clint Eastwood films, including \"Dirty Harry\" and \"Play Misty for Me\" (both 1971). Larch had the role of Captain Ben Foster on the NBC series \"Convoy\" (1965-1966). He guest-starred in \"Jefferson Drum\", \"Johnny Ringo\", \"Riverboat\", \"Naked City\" (three episodes), \"Stoney Burke\", \"Route 66\" (three episodes), \"The Fugitive\" (two episodes), \"The Invaders\", \"The Restless Gun\" (four episodes), \"Gunsmoke\" (seven episodes), \"The Virginian\" (four episodes), \"Bonanza\", \"Hawaii Five-0\", \"Mission Impossible\" (two episodes), \"The Troubleshooters\", \"Bus Stop\", \"The Law and Mr. Jones\", \"The Rifleman\", \"The Feather and Father Gang\", \"The Millionaire\", and \"three episodes of", "title": "John Larch" }, { "id": "17771498", "text": "Khoya Khoya Chand (TV series) Khoya Khoya Chand (English:\"Lost Lost Moon\") is a Pakistani drama airing on Hum TV. It firstly aired on 15 August 2013, and cast Ahsan Khan, Sohai Ali Abro, Maya Ali and Yasir Shah as main characters The drama is based on Faiza Iftikhar's novel ‘Ye Lamhay Tere Naam Karien’. It is directed by Faheem Burney and written by Faiza Iftikhar. It aired on every Thursday 8.00 pm on Hum TV . It is also selected for the Indian Channel Zindagi and will air from 12 November 2015. The show was selected to on air on", "title": "Khoya Khoya Chand (TV series)" }, { "id": "18342251", "text": "Sadqay Tumhare Sadqay Tumhare (lit: May My Years Be Added To Yours) () is a Hum Television Dramas 2014 Pakistani biogeographical drama TV serial that was based on the life of the series own writer Khalil-Ur-Rehman Qamar and aired on Hum TV. It is directed by Mohammed Ehteshamuddin, produced by Momina Duraid, Smina Humayun Saeed and Tariq Ahmad Shah and written by Khalil-Ur-Rehman Qamar. It stars Mahira Khan, Samiya Mumtaz, Adnan Malik in leading roles while Qavi Khan, Rehan Sheikh, Farhan Ali Agha and Sania Shamshad in supporting roles. Adnan Malik made his acting debut with this serial. Set in", "title": "Sadqay Tumhare" }, { "id": "5542932", "text": "John Rogers (writer) John Rogers is a screenwriter, television producer, television director, comedian, and comic book writer. He is best known as the creator of the television series \"Jackie Chan Adventures\" (2000–2005), \"Leverage\" (2008–2012), \"The Librarians\" (2014–2018), and \"The Player\" (2015). Rogers co-wrote the films \"American Outlaws\" (2001), \"The Core\" (2003), and \"Catwoman\" (2004), and co-wrote the story for the film \"Transformers\" (2007). Rogers was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, and attended McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. While at McGill, he wrote for the school's comedy magazine \"The Red Herring\". Rogers wrote the first draft of the script for the live-action", "title": "John Rogers (writer)" }, { "id": "6166527", "text": "senior producer at channel. The other Hum TV shows are being produced by Moomal Entertainment owned by Moomal Shunaid, wife of Siddiqui's eldest son Shunaid Siddiqui. Moomal Entertainment was founded in 2014. Best known for drama serial like Humsafar, Zindagi Gulzar Hai, Udaari Hum TV Hum TV is a 24-hour Urdu General Entertainment TV channel based in Karachi, Pakistan. It was founded by Sultana Siddiqui and Duraid Qureshi. It is owned by Hum Network Limited (KSE:HUMNL). Hum Network Limited was known as \"Eye Television Network Limited\" prior to 21 January 2011. Hum TV began its transmission on 17 January 2005.", "title": "Hum TV" }, { "id": "11855629", "text": "Mehram Mehram is a Pakistani television series aired at Hum TV from 29 November 2014 to 15 January 2015. It stars Ayesha Khan and Zahid Ahmed in leading roles, along with Agha Ali and Moammar Rana in supporting roles. The serial was a critical and commercial success and earned several nominations with Ayesha Khan who was nominated for Hum Award for Best Actress Popular and Hum Award for Best Actress, and Zahid Ahmed was nominated for Hum Award for Best Television Sensation Male. Mehram uncovers the story of an unobtrusive family, where Hamza is living with his brother's dowager Iqra", "title": "Mehram" }, { "id": "19919239", "text": "Nazr-e-Bad Nazr-e-Bad (Urdu:; lit: Look of Evil), was a Pakistani black magic-based romantic television drama serial which aired on Hum TV 25 January 2017 replacing previously concluded drama Hatheli. It starrs Azfar Rehman and Sarah Khan in leading to pivot roles. The story is penned by Imran Nazir who previously written \"Mohabbat Aag Si\" which was strongly hit because of appearance of Azfar Rehman, Sarah Khan and Iffat Rahim and directed by Iqbal Hussain, who is famous for his previously directed drama \"Seeta Bagri\" and is produced by Moomal Shunaid under Moomal Entertainment.This serial was a great success and loved", "title": "Nazr-e-Bad" }, { "id": "11950878", "text": "some great times and practically grown up together. He was always very cute and very talented. But no, I can never think of him ‘that’ way and I didn’t mind playing his sister at all.\"</nowiki> In 2013, she played the main antagonist called Arzoo in \"Tanhai\" on Hum TV. The show was a success. She was also seen in Geo Kahani's serial \"Soha or Savera\" and Hum TV's serial \"Woh Chaar\". Apart from television, she also perform item songs in Pakistani films \"Love Mein Ghum\" and \"Main Hoon Shahid Afridi\", both of which were commercially successful. After becoming a leading", "title": "Ayesha Omer" }, { "id": "9362354", "text": "shot in various locations including Mumbai, Ooty, and Mauritius. Mukul S. Anand had considered and discussed a potential scene for this film with Rajinikanth, where Amitabh Bachchan's character would help Govinda get a seat in the Police Academy. Anand discarded the scene, because he did not find it suitable. But Rajinikanth felt the scene had the potential to develop into a script for a possible feature film, which resulted into the 1995 Tamil film \"Baashha\". The soundtrack was composed by Laxmikant–Pyarelal. Two songs were inspired by Guinean singer Mory Kanté's 1987 album \"Akwaba Beach\", with \"Jumma Chumma De De\" being", "title": "Hum (film)" }, { "id": "371499", "text": "and the \"Transformers\" live action film with Brian Goldner, an employee of Hasbro. The film was directed by Michael Bay and written by Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman, and Spielberg continued to collaborate on the sequels, \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"\". In 2011, he produced the J. J. Abrams science fiction thriller film \"Super 8\" for Paramount Pictures. Other major television series Spielberg produced were \"Band of Brothers\", \"Taken\" and \"The Pacific\". He was an executive producer on the critically acclaimed 2005 TV miniseries \"Into the West\" which won two Emmy awards, including one for Geoff Zanelli's score. For his", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "id": "13651309", "text": "published the two works in English as companion volumes. The 1999 Bollywood film \"Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam,\" directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, takes its inspiration from Devi's novel, although the film does not give credit to it. The film was a huge hit because of its melodramatic picturization. Na Hanyate Na Hanyate, or It Does Not Die, is a novel written in 1974 by Maitreyi Devi, an Indian poet and novelist who was the protegée of the great Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore. The writer received Sahitya Akademi Award for this novel in 1976. She wrote the novel in response", "title": "Na Hanyate" }, { "id": "14126638", "text": "Kirker Butler Kirker Butler is an American writer, who has written and produced shows such as \"Family Guy\", \"The Cleveland Show\", \"The Neighbors (2012 TV series)\", \"Galavant\", and \"Life in Pieces\". Butler joined \"Family Guy\" in 2004, and has since produced and written multiple episodes, including: \"Padre de Familia\" \"Barely Legal\" \"Hell Comes to Quahog\" \"The Courtship of Stewie's Father\" and \"The Empire Strikes Back\" parody \"Something, Something, Something, Dark Side\". He has been nominated for 2 Emmy Awards for his work on \"Family Guy\" and \"The Cleveland Show\". He is the author of the novel \"Pretty Ugly\" (2015, St.", "title": "Kirker Butler" }, { "id": "20843754", "text": "Drama. The title song was sung by Sanam Marvi & Sanwal Esakhelvi.The music was composed by Naved Nashad.and the lyrics were penned by Mubashir Hassan. Ishq Tamasha Ishq Tamasha (lit. Love Spectacle) is a Pakistani romantic drama television series telecasted on Hum TV since 25 February 2018. Produced by Momina Duraid under MD Productions and directed by Danish Nawaz, it focuses on the lives of 4 individuals : Mehrab, Arham, Mirha, and Rushna played by Junaid Khan, Faizan Khawaja, Aiman Khan, and Kinza Hashmi respecticely. The story besides the characters is about Mirha's life getting turned upside down due to", "title": "Ishq Tamasha" }, { "id": "17773246", "text": "Naseer Turabi Naseer Turabi () was born in Hyderabad, Hyderabad State which was then, Deccan. He came to Pakistan after the independence of Pakistan in 1947. He did his M.A. in Mass Communications from University of Karachi in 1968. He lives in Karachi. He began writing poetry in 1962. His first collection of Poetry \"Aks-e-Faryadi\" was published in 2000. After the outcome of Bangladesh Liberation War, he wrote a Ghazal \"Woh Humsafar Tha\" expressing the story of separation of East Pakistan. The same Ghazal was later used as a theme song for Humsafar drama series. He also wrote lyrics for", "title": "Naseer Turabi" }, { "id": "9362351", "text": "his step brothers. Jumma and Tiger promise to reunite in the future. Girdhar bombs the train carrying Tiger and his brothers to eliminate any possible witnesses of his crime, but Tiger escapes. Tiger renames himself as Shekhar and is a respectable farmer and timber merchant in Ooty. Kumar (Rajnikanth) is a police officer who is married to Aarti (Deepa Sahi), with a young daughter Jyoti (Sanjana). The youngest brother Vijay (Govinda) is a college student. Vijay is in love with Anita (Shilpa Shirodkar), daughter of General Rana Pratap Singh (Kader Khan),who wants his daughter to get married to a military", "title": "Hum (film)" }, { "id": "20087770", "text": "Sangsar (TV series) Sangsar (; lit:Stone To Death), is a Pakistani drama serial which was first aired on 3 April 2017 on Hum TV preceding \"Gila\". The drama is directed by Kamran Akbar Khan and written by Nuzhat Saman. It is produced by Momina Duraid under MD Productions. Ahmer is a business man and Roshni is a young graduate who belongs to middle class family. Both love each other. Ahmer′s mother Nadra is landlord of her house who takes advises from muslim scholar for family matters. Ahmer′s father Fayyaz is a patient who always keeps himself busy in studies and", "title": "Sangsar (TV series)" }, { "id": "3646111", "text": "the Buffalo Roam\" (1966), an episode of 1978's \"Pennies from Heaven\", \"Better Think Twice\", in which he played Tom, a pimp; \"Karaoke\" (1996); and \"Cold Lazarus\" (also 1996). He took the lead role in \"Shelley\" (1979–84) and its sequel \"The Return of Shelley\" (1988–92). He was also the villainous Mr Croup in Neil Gaiman's serial \"Neverwhere\" (1996). Bennett also starred in the four-part BBC mini-series \"Malice Aforethought\" (1979) based on a novel written in the 1920s by Francis Iles. Bennett's character, Ricki Tarr, was pivotal in the BBC serial based on John le Carré's novel \"Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy\" (1979).", "title": "Hywel Bennett" }, { "id": "19960048", "text": "Alif Allah Aur Insaan Alif Allah Aur Insaan (; lit: \"A\" Allah and Human) is a Pakistani spiritual drama series which aired on Hum TV from 25 April 2017 to 13 February 2018. It holds the title of the longest running weekly of Hum TV with 44 episodes. It was created by Momina Duraid, as part of a night programming all under Duraid's MD production company and was written by Qaisra Hayat based on her novel of the same name. It was Hayat's second screenplay and story in a row after she penned \"Saya-e-Dewar Bhi Nahi\" and presented it as", "title": "Alif Allah Aur Insaan" }, { "id": "19960008", "text": "Alif Allah Aur Insaan Alif Allah Aur Insaan (; lit: \"A\" Allah and Human) is a Pakistani spiritual drama series which aired on Hum TV from 25 April 2017 to 13 February 2018. It holds the title of the longest running weekly of Hum TV with 44 episodes. It was created by Momina Duraid, as part of a night programming all under Duraid's MD production company and was written by Qaisra Hayat based on her novel of the same name. It was Hayat's second screenplay and story in a row after she penned \"Saya-e-Dewar Bhi Nahi\" and presented it as", "title": "Alif Allah Aur Insaan" }, { "id": "17519517", "text": "Aseerzadi Aseer Zadi (English: Daughter of a prisoner) or (Qaidi) is a Pakistani drama serial written by Mustafa Afridi directed by Mohammed Ehteshamuddin and produced by Momina Duraid that was broadcast on Hum TV. The drama started on 17 August 2013 and went off-air on 25 January 2014. It featured an ensemble star cast consisting of Sania Saeed, Ainy Jaffri, Sakina Samo, Salman Shahid, Farah Shah, Noor Hassan Rizvi, Eshita Mehboob, Yasir Shoro, Saniya Shamshad, Saife Hassan and Farooq Zameer in prominent roles. The show is selected to run on Hum Europe from 18 July 2016. The show was also", "title": "Aseerzadi" }, { "id": "17115850", "text": "actors were nominated. Out of the 32 categories, seven categories are Viewers’ Choice. Voting for viewers’ choice was did through IVR, SMS & on Hum TV official Website from 20 February – 5 March 2013 The other categories will be judged by a specialist jury and includes, Best On-Screen Couple for which Fawad Khan and Mahira Khan are nominees for their appearance in the extremely popular series, Humsafar among others. The show received a mixed reception from media outlets and print publications, generally lauding Mahira Khan as a Host. People praise her much as a host. Mikaal also did a", "title": "1st Hum Awards" }, { "id": "18897349", "text": "his kind and cancer-stricken wife Aisha, their kids and two adopted children. Zakaria’s adopted son Ramal Ali is in love with Malaika and on Malaika’s father’s insistence, the couple secretly gets married. Owing to her deteriorating condition, Aisha takes some decisions for her children which bring major upheavals in their lives. At 3rd Hum Awards soap was nominated for following nominations: Hum Tehray Gunahgaar Hum Tehray Gunahgaar was a 2014 Soap series that aired on Hum TV. Series was written by Zoha Hassan, directed by Ali Masud Saeed and produced by Momina Duraid of MD Productions. It stars Danish Taimoor,", "title": "Hum Tehray Gunahgaar" }, { "id": "17984277", "text": "Ru Baru Ru Baru (English: Face-to-Face) is a Pakistani drama serial that aired on Hum TV. The show is written by Hoor Shumail, Produced by Momina Duraid, directed by Saife Hassan, and background music is done by Furqan and Imran. The drama serial premiered on 9 January 2014 in Pakistan, with the prime slot of 8:00 pm every Thursday on the channel Hum TV. The story centers around Shabeeh and Tipu's marriage. Shabeeh, lives with her grandmother and uncles, after her parents pass away and is brought up by the maternal family. She marries her cousin’s friend, Sarmad, who has", "title": "Ru Baru" }, { "id": "9855287", "text": "Elliott Arnold Elliott Arnold (September 13, 1912 – May 13, 1980) was an American newspaper feature writer, novelist, and screenwriter. He was born in Brooklyn, New York and became a feature writer with the \"New York World-Telegram\". Among his books, Elliott Arnold is probably best known for his 1947 novel \"Blood Brother\" that was adapted as the acclaimed 1950 motion picture \"Broken Arrow\" and a 1956 TV series of the same name. The popular Indian Wedding Blessing is based on a passage from \"Blood Brother\". His 1949 biography of Sigmund Romberg was made into the 1954 musical film, \"Deep in", "title": "Elliott Arnold" }, { "id": "7332157", "text": "Hum Log (TV series) Hum Log (English: \"Us\") is an Indian television's first soap opera and also the first serial drama series on India. It began telecast on Doordarshan, India's national network on 7 July 1984, then the only television channel of India. It is the story of an Indian middle-class family of the 1980s and their daily struggles and aspirations. It was created on the lines of a Mexican television series, \"Ven Conmigo\" (1975), using the education-entertainment methodology.The idea of the TV series came to then Information and Broadcasting Minister, Vasant Sathe, after a Mexican trip in 1982. Soon", "title": "Hum Log (TV series)" }, { "id": "9362349", "text": "movie was used in the 1995 Tamil movie \"Baashha\". Bhaktawar (Danny Denzongpa) rules over the docks in Mumbai, treating his workers as slaves. Despite his general dissatisfaction with this regime, Tiger (Amitabh Bachchan) extorts money from the dock workers for his father Pratap (Deepak Shirke), who in turn works as an enforcer for Bhaktawar. Tiger is in love with his best friend Gonsalves (Romesh Sharma)'s sister Jumma (Kimi Katkar). Gonsalves is against Bhaktawar's policies and is killed by Bhaktawar and in the subsequent fall-out Tiger’s father and step-mother also die, leaving two young step-brothers Kumar and Vijay with Tiger. Tiger", "title": "Hum (film)" }, { "id": "18205281", "text": "series of Pakistan.In UK, Asia and Pakistan, according to the leading supplier of online BARB ratings reports, ‘Shanakht,’ broadcast at 20:00, garnered 116,800 viewers peaking at 172,200 viewers. The drama is inspired by Haya from the most famous novel \"Jannat Kay Pattay\" written by Nimrah Ahmed. Shanakht'si title song is sung by Midhat, composed by Shani Haider the OST was released after the pilot episode and was appreciated. Shanakht Shanakht()(English Translation: \"Identity\") is a Pakistani television social drama series that debuted on Hum TV on 5 August 2014. It is written and directed by Amna Nawaz Khan and is produced", "title": "Shanakht" }, { "id": "18978035", "text": "At 15th Lux Style Awards, it was nominated for three awards that includes Best TV Play for Muqaddas, Best TV Actor for Noor Hassan and Best TV Writer for Adeel Razzaq. A married women (Iqra Aziz) is kidnapped on her wedding night named as Muqaddas. Ransom Os paid for Muqaddas to be returned home. Aatir (Noor Hassan) tries to find Muqaddas kidnappers. But all in vain which is followed by confusion and blames. In end its revealed that Aatir himself kidnapped his wife so he can take revenge from her father. Official Hum TV website Muqaddas (TV series) Muqaddas is", "title": "Muqaddas (TV series)" }, { "id": "20010479", "text": "given by Kashif Anwar. The OST was performed by Rucha Sharma Yaqeen Ka Safar Yakeen Ka Safar (lit: The Journey of Faith) is a Pakistani television drama serial that premiered on April 19, 2017 on Hum TV. It is written by Farhat Ishtiaq and directed by Shahzad Kashmiri. The series centers around common issues depicting violence against women, pitfall of the justice system, and political disaffection. It is written and produced by the makers of Humsafar, Dil e Muztar, Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu, Alvida, Diyar-e-Dil, Udaari and Bin Roye. It was created by Momina Duraid of MD Productions. The show was", "title": "Yaqeen Ka Safar" }, { "id": "18273810", "text": "This leads to a series of manipulations by Shazia as she tries to win Hashir by keeping him away from Saman. Mausam (TV series) Mausam (lit: Weather) is a Pakistan television drama serial aired on Hum TV in 2014. Produced by Momina Duraid and written by Aliya Bukhari, it is based on the theme of love and jealousy. It stars Ahsan Khan, Hareem Farooq and Yumna Zaidi. Drama shows the relationship between two cousins (Shazia and Saman) who belong to a middle-class family. They live in the same house and are very friendly with each other. Everything changes when they", "title": "Mausam (TV series)" }, { "id": "10273315", "text": "Hum Hindustani Hum Hindustani (Translation We, the Indians ) is a 1960 Hindi movie produced by Sashadhar Mukherjee and directed by Ram Mukherjee. The film stars Sunil Dutt, Joy Mukherjee, Asha Parekh, Jagirdar, Helen, Leela Chitnis, Agha, Prem Chopra and Sanjeev Kumar in his debut. The film is a remake of the 1952 Bengali movie \"Basu Paribar\". The film is about the clash of Indian feudalism and modern youth during the Nehruvian era, symbolished by the song \"Chodo Kal Ki Baatein\" (Let go old stories) sung by Mukesh, with music by Usha Khanna and written by IPTA poet, Prem Dhawan.", "title": "Hum Hindustani" }, { "id": "20363146", "text": "Khamoshi (TV series) Khamoshi (; lit:Silence), is a Pakistani drama serial, that is airing on Hum TV since 23 September 2017. It is directed by Ilyas Kashmiri and written by Aliya Bukhari. Zara makes her second appearance on Hum TV after her 2016 romantic drama, \"Dharkan\" and return of Iqra Aziz after 3 months on \"Naatak\". Apart from acting, Bilal has also sung the OST of the drama. The drama revolves around two sisters, Arsala (Zara Noor Abbas) and Naeema (Iqra Aziz), who are completely different from each other. The elder, Arsala is simple and trusting girl while the younger,", "title": "Khamoshi (TV series)" }, { "id": "5542935", "text": "(2008). John Rogers (writer) John Rogers is a screenwriter, television producer, television director, comedian, and comic book writer. He is best known as the creator of the television series \"Jackie Chan Adventures\" (2000–2005), \"Leverage\" (2008–2012), \"The Librarians\" (2014–2018), and \"The Player\" (2015). Rogers co-wrote the films \"American Outlaws\" (2001), \"The Core\" (2003), and \"Catwoman\" (2004), and co-wrote the story for the film \"Transformers\" (2007). Rogers was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, and attended McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. While at McGill, he wrote for the school's comedy magazine \"The Red Herring\". Rogers wrote the first draft of the script for the", "title": "John Rogers (writer)" }, { "id": "17815211", "text": "ceremony Only one series was nominated and currently Angeline Malik was honored at 1st Hum Awards ceremony 2012 for her series in \"Kitni Girhain Baqi Hain\". The name of the category officially termed by the channel is: In the list below, winners are listed first in the colored row, as of first ceremony only one series was nominated. Following the hum's practice, the Drama series below are listed by year of their Pakistan qualifying run, which is usually (but not always) the drama series year of release. For the first ceremony, the eligibility period spanned full calendar years. For example,", "title": "Hum Award for Best Drama Series" }, { "id": "2659383", "text": "Matilda (novel) Matilda is a book by British writer Roald Dahl. It was published in 1988 by Jonathan Cape in London, with 232 pages and illustrations by Quentin Blake. It was adapted as an audio reading by actress Kate Winslet, a 1996 feature film directed by Danny DeVito, a two-part BBC Radio 4 programme starring Lauren Mote as Matilda, Emerald O'Hanrahan as Miss Honey, Nichola McAuliffe as Miss Trunchbull and narrated by Lenny Henry, and a 2010 musical. In 2012 \"Matilda\" was ranked number 30 among all-time children's novels in a survey published by \"School Library Journal\", a monthly with", "title": "Matilda (novel)" }, { "id": "18650770", "text": "sung by Momin Durani, while lyrics were penned down by Sabir Zafar and music composed by Shebi of MadMusic. Drama receives following nomination at 2015 Hum Awards: Muhabbat Ab Nahi Hugi Mohabbat Ab Nahi Hogi English: Love will be no longer () is a 2014 Pakistani romantic drama serial that airs on Hum TV every Monday and Tuesday at 9:10 pm./PST. It is written by Saima Akram Chaudhry and produced by MD Productions of Gem Stones. It stars Armeena Rana Khan, Ali Rehman Khan, Syed Jibraan Ali, Laila Zuberi and Sundas Khan in pivot roles. The show tops the ratings", "title": "Muhabbat Ab Nahi Hugi" }, { "id": "17115845", "text": "in the Pakistan by Hum TV. Hosts Mikaal Zulfiqar, Mahira Khan and co-host Vasay Chaudhry became the first ever hosts of ceremony. During the ceremony Hum held its annual Honorary Awards, which were presented by host Bushra Ansari. \"Shehr-e-Zaat\" won three awards including Best Drama Serial for Momina Duraid, Abdullah Kadwani & Asad Qureshi. \"Mere Qatil Mere Dildar\" won two awards, including Best Supporting Actress for Shagufta Ejaz. \"Sanjha\" won two awards including Best Director for Farooq Rind. \"Humsafar\" also won two awards. Other winners were \"Bari Aapa\", \"Raju Rocket\", \"Nikhar Gaye Gulab Sare\", \"Fun Khana\", \"Extras (The Mango People)\",", "title": "1st Hum Awards" }, { "id": "17821728", "text": "Each individual entry shows the title followed by the drama serial, and the television writer. Since its inception the award have been given to both Original and Adapted screenplays. As of the first ceremony, nine dramas were nominated for the award. All of the nine nominee were also included for Best Director category with additional one extra nominees which were not included in best writer drama serial category. Umera Ahmad and Faiza Iftikhar nominated twice in the same category for their works. For the first ceremony, the eligibility period spanned full calendar years. For example, the 1st Hum Awards presented", "title": "Hum Award for Best Writer Drama Serial" }, { "id": "20092113", "text": "a number of commercials as a model, she has appeared as a host or anchor in a few TV programs and sports shows, including a sports show \"Khelo aur Jeeto\" on Geo Super and the T20 World Cup transmissions (ICC World Twenty20). Rabab Hashim Rabab Hashim (born on 28 November 1992) is a Pakistani television actress. She has played the role of Rukhi in Hum TV's acclaimed series \"Zid\". She is also known for her leading roles in \"Piya Mann Bhaye\", \"Anaya Tumhari Hui\", \"Ishqaaway\", \"Mannat\", \"Marzi\" and \"Aik Thi Misaal\". As of now, Hashim is playing the role of", "title": "Rabab Hashim" }, { "id": "10845834", "text": "Arthur Hopcraft Arthur Hopcraft (30 November 1932 – 22 November 2004) was an English scriptwriter, well known for his TV plays such as \"The Nearly Man\", and for his small-screen adaptations such as \"Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy\"; \"Hard Times\", \"Bleak House\", and \"Rebecca\". Before taking up writing for TV, he was a sports journalist for \"The Guardian\" and \"The Observer\", writing \"The Football Man: People and Passions in Soccer\". He also had four other books published, including an autobiographical account of his childhood, and wrote the screenplay for the film \"Hostage\". Hopcraft won the BAFTA writer's award in 1985. Hopcraft", "title": "Arthur Hopcraft" }, { "id": "18979475", "text": "Tumhare Siwa Tumhare Siwa (Without You) is a 2015 Pakistani romantic drama serial. It is based on the novel of Wasi Shah airing on Hum TV. The series is directed by Sakina Samo and produced by Moomal Entertainment. It stars is or Ahsan khan, Aisha Khan, Noor Hassan, Mansha Pasha, Salina Sipra, Lubna Aslam etc. in leading roles. The drama airs every Friday at 8pm. It is about 2 couples whose deep love turns to deep hatred. Aazar (Ahsan Khan) acts as brother of Tania/Tani, husband of Rania (Aisha Khan), father of Dani. His close friend is Arsal (Noor Hassan", "title": "Tumhare Siwa" }, { "id": "3702512", "text": "Tusshar Kapoor Tusshar Kapoor (born 20 November 1976) is an Indian Bollywood actor and producer and son of veteran actor Jeetendra and younger brother to Ekta Kapoor. He is also the co-owner of Balaji Telefilms and Balaji Motion Pictures. His notable work include the romance \"Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai\" (2001), the neo-noir action-thriller\"Khakee\" (2004), the comedies \"Kyaa Kool Hai Hum\" (2005) and \"Golmaal - Fun Unlimited\" (2006), the biographical action crime film\" Shootout at Lokhandwala\" and the comedy thriller \"Dhol\" (both 2007), the comedies \"One Two Three\", \"Golmaal Returns\" (both 2008) and \"Golmaal 3\" (2010), the biographical musical drama \"The", "title": "Tusshar Kapoor" }, { "id": "19103262", "text": "programming under Duraid's production company. Gul-e-Rana is known as one of the popular dramas of Hum TV. It has been criticized for its misogynistic, sexist and regressive approach. There was also a controversy when in a scene the leading actress Sajal Aly blamed a victim of sexual abuse because of her sense of dressing. The series revolves around a girl who is struggling for the rights of women after being abused by poor mentality people of the society. After marriage, men don’t give respect to women and treat them badly. Gul-e-Rana (Sajjal Ali) tries her best to transform Adeel's mentality", "title": "Gul-e-Rana" }, { "id": "17049795", "text": "Vasl Vasl is a 2010 Pakistani drama serial broadcasting on Hum TV. Serial was first aired on 2 March 2010. It is directed by Mehreen Jabbar and written by \"Sameera Fazal\", the serial had an ensemble cast composed of Faisal Rehman, Adnan Siddiqui, Imran Abbas Naqvi, Juggan Kazim, Ahsan Khan, Ayesha Khan, Tooba Siddiqui, Shahood Alvi, Badar Khalil, Ayesha Khan (senior), Salma Azfer and Eshita Mehboob. Produced by Momina Duraid. It will also air in India on Zindagi. Hashim (Adnan Siddiqui) and Henna (Ayesha Khan) are a married couple living in U.S.A with their children Soni and Naeel. Henna is", "title": "Vasl" }, { "id": "19449636", "text": "His breakout role in the Hum TV series \"Alvida\" (2015), garnered him the Hum Award for Best Villain, and a nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Subsequently, he received wide recognition for his portrayal of leading roles in several of the successful series, including \"Jugnoo\" (2015), \"Tum Mere Paas Raho\" (2015), \"Sangat\" (2015), \"Zara Yaad Kar\" (2016) and \"Besharam\" (2016). Zahid received his early education in Rawalpindi and graduated from Preston University in marketing. From 2003 to 2011, Zahid worked as a COO facilitator (Corporate trainer) for Sales and customer service Operations in an IT company, however he left the job", "title": "Zahid Ahmed" }, { "id": "17113071", "text": "Tanhai (TV series) Tanhai (, English: \"Loneliness\") is a 2013 Pakistani television drama serial by Hum TV. It first aired on 27 February 2013 and went off-air on 10 July 2013. The serial was directed by Fahim Burney and written by Sarwat Nazeer. It was produced by Syed Afzal Ali and Momina Duraid, starring Sohai Ali Abro, Goher Mumtaz, Azfar Rehman, Ayesha Omar and Saba Hameed. It also aired in India on Zindagi under the same name. The story starts with a flashback. Faiz (Goher Mumtaz) was married to Arzoo (Ayesha Omer) and loved her a lot. They had two", "title": "Tanhai (TV series)" }, { "id": "20419613", "text": "Principal photography began on 7 November in Wazirabad. Sajal confirmed her shoot on 5 December, while Mawra on 27 December. Other cast in supporting roles include Abid Ali and Zaib Rehman, along with Omair Rana and Uzma Hassan. It was revealed that Ahsan will be playing double roles in the drama, and he will be romancing three women. The first spell was completed in January 2018, and then the second spell was completed in March. Hira Mani joined the cast in third shooting spell, also as in lead role. On 19 July, it was revealed that Rabia Butt will have", "title": "Aangan (Hum TV series)" }, { "id": "17506097", "text": "for Best Drama Serial, 21 have also nominated for Best Director Drama Serial. Only \"Zindagi Gulzar Hai\" won both Best Director and Best Drama award, at 2nd Hum Awards in 2014. Only \"Shehr-e-Zaat\" and \"Bunty I Love You\" won the Best Drama Serials awards for their producers without winning Directing awards. Presently only four drama serials have nominated for Best Director without their producers being nominated: \"Sanjha\", \"Durr-e-Shahwar\", \"Mata-e-Jaan Hai Tu\" and \"Bilqees Kaur\", while \"Sanjha\" is the only serial who won Best Director award without being nominated as Best Drama Serial. Drama Serial \"Mausam\" and \"Ahista Ahista\" are the", "title": "Hum Award for Best Drama Serial" }, { "id": "4346052", "text": "drama was \"Prothom Prohor\" (1983), directed by Nawazesh Ali Khan. His first drama serial was \"Ei Shob Din Ratri\" (1985). This was followed by the comedy series \"Bohubrihi\" (1988), the historical drama series \"Ayomoy\" (1988), the urban drama series \"Kothao Keu Nei\" (1990), \"Nokkhotrer Raat\" (1996), and \"Aaj Robibar\" (1999). In addition, he made single episode dramas, most notably \"Nimful\" (1997). Ahmed directed films based on his own stories. His first film, \"Aguner Poroshmoni\" (1994), based on the Bangladesh Liberation War, won the National Film Award in a total of eight categories, including the award for Best Picture and Best", "title": "Humayun Ahmed" }, { "id": "18979001", "text": "Bhool Bhool is a 2014 Pakistani soap series that aired on Hum TV. It is directed by Asad Malik while written by veteran writer and poet Syed Wasi Shah. Series was produced by Momina Duraid at Gemstone Productions. It stars Sanam Chaudhry, Behroze Sabzwari, Fazila Qazi, Shehroz Sabzwari, Saleem Sheikh and Farah Shah in pivot roles. At 3rd Hum Awards series was nominated Best Soap Actor for Shehroz Sabzwari, Best Soap Actress for Sanam Chaudhry and Best Soap Series for Momina Duraid which she ultimately won for another production of hers \"Susraal Mera\". The story is set against a backdrop", "title": "Bhool" }, { "id": "17823532", "text": "Ishq Mein Teray Ishq Mein Teray (, English \"In your love\") is a Pakistani drama serial airing on Hum TV is directed by Faheem burney, produced by Syed Afzal Ali and written by Sadia Akhtar. The serial was first aired on 27 November 2013 starring Mehwish Hayat, Azfar Rehman, Madiha Imam and Shahzad Nawaz and was last aired 26 March 2014 on Hum TV. The OST of drama is sung by Sohail Haider & Dua Malik. This drama also being aired on Indian channel Zee Zindagi from 27 January 2016 every Monday to Saturday 6:10pm (IST) under the same title.", "title": "Ishq Mein Teray" }, { "id": "6760051", "text": "Echo\" weekly all brought out by the \"Hindustan Times\". His journalistic writings have covered a wide range of topics from popular science and scintillating travelogues to astute political analyses. Until his death, he wrote an opinion column for \"Outlook Saptahik\", Hindi magazine from \"Outlook India\". Manohar Shyam Joshi Manohar Shyam Joshi (9 August 1933 – 30 March 2006) (Hindi: मनोहर श्याम जोशी) was a Hindi writer, journalist and scriptwriter, most well known as the writer of Indian television's first soap opera, \"Hum Log\" (1982) and his early hits \"Buniyaad\" (1987), \"Kakaji Kahin\", a political satire and \"Kasap\", a novel which", "title": "Manohar Shyam Joshi" }, { "id": "4806220", "text": "with Sidney Poitier and Beau Bridges in \"For Love of Ivy\", and received a 1969 Golden Globe nomination for her appearance in the film. Television appearances began in 1968 with \"The Name of the Game\". In March 1969 for WGBH-TV Boston, in one of a 10-episode series of individual dramas written, produced and performed by blacks, \"On Being Black,\" was her work in Alice Childress's \"Wine in the Wilderness.\" She later appeared in \"\" (1971), the telemovie \"Short Walk to Daylight\" (1972), \"Marcus Welby, M.D.\" (1974), and \"All in the Family\" (1978). In the 1990 Spike Lee movie \"Mo' Better", "title": "Abbey Lincoln" }, { "id": "2751569", "text": "Richard Hooker (author) Hiester Richard Hornberger Jr. (February 1, 1924 – November 4, 1997) was an American writer and surgeon who wrote under the pseudonym Richard Hooker. Hornberger's best-known work was his novel \"\" (1968), based on his harrowing drama and comedic experiences as a wartime army surgeon doctor during the Korean War (1950–1953) and written in collaboration with W. C. Heinz. It was used as the basis for an award-winning, critically and commercially successful movie – M*A*S*H (1970) and two years later in an acclaimed long running television series (1972–1983) of the same name. Born in Trenton, New Jersey,", "title": "Richard Hooker (author)" } ]

[ "Paris of Troy" ]

[ { "id": "406356", "text": "Trojan War In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans (Greeks) after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta. The war is one of the most important events in Greek mythology and has been narrated through many works of Greek literature, most notably Homer's \"Iliad\". The core of the \"Iliad\" (Books II – XXIII) describes a period of four days and two nights in the tenth year of the decade-long siege of Troy; the \"Odyssey\" describes the journey home of Odysseus, one of the war's heroes. Other", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406437", "text": "Ilium (that is, Troy) is always controversial, in the 1990s it gained majority acceptance. In the Alaksandu treaty (c. 1280 BC) the king of the city is named Alaksandu, and Paris's name in the \"Iliad\" (among other works) is Alexander. The Tawagalawa letter (dated c. 1250 BC) which is addressed to the king of Ahhiyawa actually says: \"Now as we have come to an agreement on Wilusa over which we went to war ...\" Formerly under the Hittites, the Assuwa confederation defected after the battle of Kadesh between Egypt and the Hittites (c. 1274 BC). In 1230 BC Hittite king", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "12485319", "text": "which the Greeks also build their wall and a trench. () The next morning, Zeus prohibits the gods from interfering, and fighting begins anew. The Trojans prevail and force the Greeks back to their wall, while Hera and Athena are forbidden to help. Night falls before the Trojans can assail the Greek wall. They camp in the field to attack at first light, and their watchfires light the plain like stars. () Meanwhile, the Greeks are desperate. Agamemnon admits his error, and sends an embassy composed of Odysseus, Ajax, Phoenix, and two heralds to offer Briseis and extensive gifts to", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "406357", "text": "parts of the war are described in a cycle of epic poems, which have survived through fragments. Episodes from the war provided material for Greek tragedy and other works of Greek literature, and for Roman poets including Virgil and Ovid. The war originated from a quarrel between the goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite, after Eris, the goddess of strife and discord, gave them a golden apple, sometimes known as the Apple of Discord, marked \"for the fairest\". Zeus sent the goddesses to Paris, who judged that Aphrodite, as the \"fairest\", should receive the apple. In exchange, Aphrodite made Helen, the", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406404", "text": "refused to return the body to the Trojans for burial. The Achaeans then conducted funeral games for Patroclus. Afterwards, Priam came to Achilles' tent, guided by Hermes, and asked Achilles to return Hector's body. The armies made a temporary truce to allow the burial of the dead. The \"Iliad\" ends with the funeral of Hector. Shortly after the burial of Hector, Penthesilea, queen of the Amazons, arrived with her warriors. Penthesilea, daughter of Otrere and Ares, had accidentally killed her sister Hippolyte. She was purified from this action by Priam, and in exchange she fought for him and killed many,", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "480903", "text": "realizing his destiny, Thetis then had Hephaestus make a shield and armor. Thetis played a key part in the events of the Trojan War. Beyond the fact that the Judgement of Paris, which essentially kicked off the war, occurred at her wedding, Thetis influenced the actions of the Olympians and her son, Achilles.Nine years after the beginning of the Trojan War, the \"Iliad\" starts with Agamemnon, the King of the Achaeans, and Achilles, son of Thetis, arguing over Briseis, a war prize of Achilles. After initially refusing, Achilles relents and gives Briseis to Agamemnon. However, Achilles feels disrespect for having", "title": "Thetis" }, { "id": "406445", "text": "in 1998. Ancient Greek historians variously placed the Trojan War in the 12th, 13th, or 14th centuries BC: Eratosthenes to 1184 BC, Herodotus to 1250 BC, and Duris of Samos to 1334 BC. Modern archaeologists associate Homeric Troy with archaeological Troy VII. In the \"Iliad\", the Achaeans set up their camp near the mouth of the River Scamander (presumably modern Karamenderes), where they beached their ships. The city of Troy itself stood on a hill, across the plain of Scamander, where the battles of the Trojan War took place. The site of the ancient city is some 5 km from", "title": "Troy" }, { "id": "406365", "text": "important is the 1st century BC poet Virgil. In Book 2 of the \"Aeneid\", Aeneas narrates the sack of Troy; this section of the poem is thought to rely on material from the Cyclic Epic \"Iliou Persis\". The following summary of the Trojan War follows the order of events as given in Proclus' summary, along with the \"Iliad\", \"Odyssey\", and \"Aeneid\", supplemented with details drawn from other authors. According to Greek mythology, Zeus had become king of the gods by overthrowing his father Cronus; Cronus in turn had overthrown his father Uranus. Zeus was not faithful to his wife and", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406430", "text": "the settlement of Alba Longa, ruled by Aeneas and Lavinia's son Silvius. Roman myth attempted to reconcile two different founding myths: three hundred years later, in the more famous tradition, Romulus founded Rome after murdering his brother Remus. The Trojan origins of Rome became particularly important in the propaganda of Julius Caesar, whose family claimed descent from Venus through Aeneas's son Iulus (hence the Latin \"gens\" name \"Iulius\"), and during the reign of Augustus; see for instance the \"Tabulae Iliacae\" and the \"Troy Game\" presented frequently by the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Since this war was considered among the ancient Greeks as", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406358", "text": "most beautiful of all women and wife of Menelaus, fall in love with Paris, who took her to Troy. Agamemnon, king of Mycenae and the brother of Helen's husband Menelaus, led an expedition of Achaean troops to Troy and besieged the city for ten years because of Paris' insult. After the deaths of many heroes, including the Achaeans Achilles and Ajax, and the Trojans Hector and Paris, the city fell to the ruse of the Trojan Horse. The Achaeans slaughtered the Trojans (except for some of the women and children whom they kept or sold as slaves) and desecrated the", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406415", "text": "Apollo never to be believed. Serpents then came out of the sea and devoured either Laocoön and one of his two sons, Laocoön and both his sons, or only his sons, a portent which so alarmed the followers of Aeneas that they withdrew to Ida. The Trojans decided to keep the horse and turned to a night of mad revelry and celebration. Sinon, an Achaean spy, signaled the fleet stationed at Tenedos when \"it was midnight and the clear moon was rising\" and the soldiers from inside the horse emerged and killed the guards. The Achaeans entered the city and", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406376", "text": "of Mycenae. Paris, under the guise of a supposed diplomatic mission, went to Sparta to get Helen and bring her back to Troy. Before Helen could look up to see him enter the palace, she was shot with an arrow from Eros, otherwise known as Cupid, and fell in love with Paris when she saw him, as promised by Aphrodite. Menelaus had left for Crete to bury his uncle, Crateus. According to one account, Hera, still jealous over the judgement of Paris, sent a storm. The storm caused the lovers to land in Egypt, where the gods replaced Helen with", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406379", "text": "fathered a son, Telemachus. In order to avoid the war, he feigned madness and sowed his fields with salt. Palamedes outwitted him by placing his infant son in front of the plough's path, and Odysseus turned aside, unwilling to kill his son, so revealing his sanity and forcing him to join the war. According to Homer, however, Odysseus supported the military adventure from the beginning, and traveled the region with Pylos' king, Nestor, to recruit forces. At Skyros, Achilles had an affair with the king's daughter Deidamia, resulting in a child, Neoptolemus. Odysseus, Telamonian Ajax, and Achilles' tutor Phoenix went", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406359", "text": "temples, thus earning the gods' wrath. Few of the Achaeans returned safely to their homes and many founded colonies in distant shores. The Romans later traced their origin to Aeneas, Aphrodite's son and one of the Trojans, who was said to have led the surviving Trojans to modern-day Italy. The ancient Greeks believed that Troy was located near the Dardanelles and that the Trojan War was a historical event of the 13th or 12th century BC, but by the mid-19th century AD, both the war and the city were widely seen as non-historical. In 1868, however, the German archaeologist Heinrich", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406399", "text": "seduced by Aegisthus, son of Thyestes. Near the end of the ninth year since the landing, the Achaean army, tired from the fighting and from the lack of supplies, mutinied against their leaders and demanded to return to their homes. According to the Cypria, Achilles forced the army to stay. According to Apollodorus, Agamemnon brought the Wine Growers, daughters of Anius, son of Apollo, who had the gift of producing by touch wine, wheat, and oil from the earth, in order to relieve the supply problem of the army. Chryses, a priest of Apollo and father of Chryseis, came to", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406410", "text": "she would fail with fear if she should fight. (Scholiast on Aristophanes, Knights 1056 and Aristophanes ib) </poem> According to Pindar, the decision was made by secret ballot among the Achaeans. In all story versions, the arms were awarded to Odysseus. Driven mad with grief, Ajax desired to kill his comrades, but Athena caused him to mistake the cattle and their herdsmen for the Achaean warriors. In his frenzy he scourged two rams, believing them to be Agamemnon and Menelaus. In the morning, he came to his senses and killed himself by jumping on the sword that had been given", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406438", "text": "Tudhaliya IV (c. 1240–1210 BC) campaigned against this federation. Under Arnuwanda III (c. 1210–1205 BC) the Hittites were forced to abandon the lands they controlled in the coast of the Aegean. It is possible that the Trojan War was a conflict between the king of Ahhiyawa and the Assuwa confederation. This view has been supported in that the entire war includes the landing in Mysia (and Telephus' wounding), Achilles's campaigns in the North Aegean and Telamonian Ajax's campaigns in Thrace and Phrygia. Most of these regions were part of Assuwa. That most Achaean heroes did not return to their homes", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "12485320", "text": "Achilles, who has been camped next to his ships throughout, if only he will return to the fighting. Achilles and his companion Patroclus receive the embassy well, but Achilles angrily refuses Agamemnon's offer and declares that he would only return to battle if the Trojans reached his ships and threatened them with fire. The embassy returns empty-handed. () Later that night, Odysseus and Diomedes venture out to the Trojan lines, kill the Trojan Dolon, and wreak havoc in the camps of some Thracian allies of Troy's. () In the morning, the fighting is fierce, and Agamemnon, Diomedes, and Odysseus are", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "406412", "text": "prevailed, and Helenus abandoned Troy for Mt. Ida. Calchas said that Helenus knew the prophecies concerning the fall of Troy, so Odysseus waylaid Helenus. Under coercion, Helenus told the Achaeans that they would win if they retrieved Pelops' bones, persuaded Achilles' son Neoptolemus to fight for them, and stole the Trojan Palladium. The Greeks retrieved Pelop's bones, and sent Odysseus to retrieve Neoptolemus, who was hiding from the war in King Lycomedes's court in Scyros. Odysseus gave him his father's arms. Eurypylus, son of Telephus, leading, according to Homer, a large force of \"Kêteioi\", or Hittites or Mysians according to", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "12485317", "text": "truce by wounding Menelaus with an arrow. Agamemnon rouses the Greeks, and battle is joined. () In the fighting, Diomedes kills many Trojans, including Pandaros, and defeats Aeneas, whom Aphrodite rescues, but Diomedes attacks and wounds the goddess. Apollo faces Diomedes and warns him against warring with gods. Many heroes and commanders join in, including Hector, and the gods supporting each side try to influence the battle. Emboldened by Athena, Diomedes wounds Ares and puts him out of action. () Hector rallies the Trojans and prevents a rout; the Greek Diomedes and the Trojan Glaukos find common ground and exchange", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "406397", "text": "game and oblivious to the surrounding battle. The Trojans attacked and reached the heroes, who were only saved by an intervention of Athena. Odysseus was sent to Thrace to return with grain, but came back empty-handed. When scorned by Palamedes, Odysseus challenged him to do better. Palamedes set out and returned with a shipload of grain. Odysseus had never forgiven Palamedes for threatening the life of his son. In revenge, Odysseus conceived a plot where an incriminating letter was forged, from Priam to Palamedes, and gold was planted in Palamedes' quarters. The letter and gold were \"discovered\", and Agamemnon had", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406381", "text": "gathered at Aulis. All the suitors sent their forces except King Cinyras of Cyprus. Though he sent breastplates to Agamemnon and promised to send 50 ships, he sent only one real ship, led by the son of Mygdalion, and 49 ships made of clay. Idomeneus was willing to lead the Cretan contingent in Mycenae's war against Troy, but only as a co-commander, which he was granted. The last commander to arrive was Achilles, who was then 15 years old. Following a sacrifice to Apollo, a snake slithered from the altar to a sparrow's nest in a plane tree nearby. It", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406400", "text": "Agamemnon to ask for the return of his daughter. Agamemnon refused, and insulted Chryses, who prayed to Apollo to avenge his ill-treatment. Enraged, Apollo afflicted the Achaean army with plague. Agamemnon was forced to return Chryseis to end the plague, and took Achilles' concubine Briseis as his own. Enraged at the dishonour Agamemnon had inflicted upon him, Achilles decided he would no longer fight. He asked his mother, Thetis, to intercede with Zeus, who agreed to give the Trojans success in the absence of Achilles, the best warrior of the Achaeans. After the withdrawal of Achilles, the Achaeans were initially", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406406", "text": "with his host to help his stepbrother Priam. He did not come directly from Ethiopia, but either from Susa in Persia, conquering all the peoples in between, or from the Caucasus, leading an army of Ethiopians and Indians. Like Achilles, he wore armour made by Hephaestus. In the ensuing battle, Memnon killed Antilochus, who took one of Memnon's blows to save his father Nestor. Achilles and Memnon then fought. Zeus weighed the fate of the two heroes; the weight containing that of Memnon sank, and he was slain by Achilles. Achilles chased the Trojans to their city, which he entered.", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406428", "text": "and Andromache, but decline to remain. After seven years they arrive in Carthage, where Aeneas has an affair with Queen Dido. (Since according to tradition Carthage was founded in 814 BC, the arrival of Trojan refugees a few hundred years earlier exposes chronological difficulties within the mythic tradition.) Eventually the gods order Aeneas to continue onward, and he and his people arrive at the mouth of the Tiber River in Italy. Dido commits suicide, and Aeneas's betrayal of her was regarded as an element in the long enmity between Rome and Carthage that expressed itself in the Punic Wars and", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406382", "text": "ate the mother and her nine babies, then was turned to stone. Calchas interpreted this as a sign that Troy would fall in the tenth year of the war. When the Achaeans left for the war, they did not know the way, and accidentally landed in Mysia, ruled by King Telephus, son of Heracles, who had led a contingent of Arcadians to settle there. In the battle, Achilles wounded Telephus, who had killed Thersander. Because the wound would not heal, Telephus asked an oracle, \"What will happen to the wound?\". The oracle responded, \"he that wounded shall heal\". The Achaean", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "4223062", "text": "Troilus Troilus ( ; ; ) is a legendary character associated with the story of the Trojan War. The first surviving reference to him is in Homer's \"Iliad\", which some scholars theorize was composed by bards and sung in the late 9th or 8th century BC. In Greek mythology, Troilus is a young Trojan prince, one of the sons of King Priam (or Apollo) and Hecuba. Prophecies link Troilus' fate to that of Troy and so he is ambushed and murdered by Achilles. Sophocles was one of the writers to tell this tale. It was also a popular theme among", "title": "Troilus" }, { "id": "5367188", "text": "of Pelops are recovered from Pisa, a rival of Elis, and that Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, is brought into the war. While a ship of Mycenaeans sail to Pisa to bring back the bones of Pelops, Odysseus brings Achilles' son Neoptolemus to Troy, gives him Achilles' armor, and Achilles' ghost appears to him. When the Trojan ally Eurypylus dominates the field in battle, Neoptolemus kills him. Odysseus and Diomedes go into Troy disguised as beggars, where Helen recognises them but keeps their secret; they return safely with the Palladium, killing some Trojans on the way. On the goddess Athena's initiative,", "title": "Little Iliad" }, { "id": "406396", "text": "Patroclus. Ajax son of Telamon laid waste the Thracian peninsula of which Polymestor, a son-in-law of Priam, was king. Polymestor surrendered Polydorus, one of Priam's children, of whom he had custody. He then attacked the town of the Phrygian king Teleutas, killed him in single combat and carried off his daughter Tecmessa. Ajax also hunted the Trojan flocks, both on Mount Ida and in the countryside. Numerous paintings on pottery have suggested a tale not mentioned in the literary traditions. At some point in the war Achilles and Ajax were playing a board game (\"petteia\"). They were absorbed in the", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "12485323", "text": "first ships. The Trojans are routed by the sudden onslaught, and Patroclus begins his assault by killing Zeus's son Sarpedon, a leading ally of the Trojans. Patroclus, ignoring Achilles' command, pursues and reaches the gates of Troy, where Apollo himself stops him. Patroclus is set upon by Apollo and Euphorbos, and is finally killed by Hector. () Hector takes Achilles' armor from the fallen Patroclus, but fighting develops around Patroclus' body. () Achilles is mad with grief when he hears of Patroclus' death and vows to take vengeance on Hector; his mother Thetis grieves, too, knowing that Achilles is fated", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "406419", "text": "possibility of a son's revenge. They (by usual tradition Neoptolemus) also sacrificed the Trojan princess Polyxena on the grave of Achilles as demanded by his ghost, either as part of his spoil or because she had betrayed him. Aethra, Theseus' mother, and one of Helen's handmaids, was rescued by her grandsons, Demophon and Acamas. The gods were very angry over the destruction of their temples and other sacrilegious acts by the Achaeans, and decided that most would not return home. A storm fell on the returning fleet off Tenos island. Additionally, Nauplius, in revenge for the murder of his son", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406418", "text": "hospitality to Menelaus and Odysseus when they asked for the return of Helen, and who had advocated so, was spared, along with his family. Aeneas took his father on his back and fled, and, according to Apollodorus, was allowed to go because of his piety. The Greeks then burned the city and divided the spoils. Cassandra was awarded to Agamemnon. Neoptolemus got Andromache, wife of Hector, and Odysseus was given Hecuba, Priam's wife. The Achaeans threw Hector's infant son Astyanax down from the walls of Troy, either out of cruelty and hate or to end the royal line, and the", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "12485314", "text": "he and his men will no longer fight for Agamemnon and will go home. Odysseus takes a ship and returns Chryseis to her father, whereupon Apollo ends the plague. In the meantime, Agamemnon's messengers take Briseis away. Achilles becomes very upset, sits by the seashore, and prays to his mother, Thetis. Achilles asks his mother to ask Zeus to bring the Greeks to the breaking point by the Trojans, so Agamemnon will realize how much the Greeks need Achilles. Thetis does so, and Zeus agrees. () Zeus sends a dream to Agamemnon, urging him to attack Troy. Agamemnon heeds the", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "406390", "text": "Priam, composed of Menelaus, Odysseus, and Palamedes, asking for Helen's return. The embassy was refused. Philoctetes stayed on Lemnos for ten years, which was a deserted island according to Sophocles' tragedy \"Philoctetes\", but according to earlier tradition was populated by Minyans. Calchas had prophesied that the first Achaean to walk on land after stepping off a ship would be the first to die. Thus even the leading Greeks hesitated to land. Finally, Protesilaus, leader of the Phylaceans, landed first. Odysseus had tricked him, in throwing his own shield down to land on, so that while he was first to leap", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406402", "text": "next day, though, with Zeus' help, the Trojans broke into the Achaean camp and were on the verge of setting fire to the Achaean ships. An earlier appeal to Achilles to return was rejected, but after Hector burned Protesilaus' ship, he allowed his close friend and relative Patroclus to go into battle wearing Achilles' armour and lead his army. Patroclus drove the Trojans all the way back to the walls of Troy, and was only prevented from storming the city by the intervention of Apollo. Patroclus was then killed by Hector, who took Achilles' armour from the body of Patroclus.", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406387", "text": "minimum. These numbers would mean a total force of 70,000 to 130,000 men. Another catalogue of ships is given by the \"Bibliotheca\" that differs somewhat but agrees in numbers. Some scholars have claimed that Homer's catalogue is an original Bronze Age document, possibly the Achaean commander's order of operations. Others believe it was a fabrication of Homer. The second book of the \"Iliad\" also lists the Trojan allies, consisting of the Trojans themselves, led by Hector, and various allies listed as Dardanians led by Aeneas, Zeleians, Adrasteians, Percotians, Pelasgians, Thracians, Ciconian spearmen, Paionian archers, Halizones, Mysians, Phrygians, Maeonians, Miletians, Lycians", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406383", "text": "fleet then set sail and was scattered by a storm. Achilles landed in Scyros and married Deidamia. A new gathering was set again in Aulis. Telephus went to Aulis, and either pretended to be a beggar, asking Agamemnon to help heal his wound, or kidnapped Orestes and held him for ransom, demanding the wound be healed. Achilles refused, claiming to have no medical knowledge. Odysseus reasoned that the spear that had inflicted the wound must be able to heal it. Pieces of the spear were scraped off onto the wound, and Telephus was healed. Telephus then showed the Achaeans the", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406389", "text": "men to the Trojan War, where he was planning on fighting for the Achaeans. They stopped either at Chryse Island for supplies, or in Tenedos, along with the rest of the fleet. Philoctetes was then bitten by a snake. The wound festered and had a foul smell; on Odysseus's advice, the Atreidae ordered Philoctetes to stay on Lemnos. Medon took control of Philoctetes's men. While landing on Tenedos, Achilles killed king Tenes, son of Apollo, despite a warning by his mother that if he did so he would be killed himself by Apollo. From Tenedos, Agamemnon sent an embassy to", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "19117530", "text": "launched a campaign deploying an army headed by war chariots and attacked regions which were under Hittite influence. Later, Attarsiya, invaded the island of Alashiya (Cyprus) together with a number of his Anatolian allies. The invading force finally succeeded in controlling the island and overthrowing the local Hittite authorities. The campaigns of Attarsiya represent the earliest recorded Mycenaean Greek military activity against the Hittites. The Hittite-Ahhiyawan confrontation in Wilusa, the Hittite name for Troy, in the 13th century BC may have provided the historical foundation for the Trojan War tradition. In circa 1250 BC, the first wave of destruction has", "title": "Military of Mycenaean Greece" }, { "id": "406426", "text": "Italy are the subject of the Latin epic poem \"The Aeneid\" by Virgil. Writing during the time of Augustus, Virgil has his hero give a first-person account of the fall of Troy in the second of the \"Aeneid\" 's twelve books; the Trojan Horse, which does not appear in \"The Iliad\", became legendary from Virgil's account. Aeneas leads a group of survivors away from the city, among them his son Ascanius (also known as Iulus), his trumpeter Misenus, father Anchises, the healer Iapyx, his faithful sidekick Achates, and Mimas as a guide. His wife Creusa is killed during the sack", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406413", "text": "Apollodorus, arrived to aid the Trojans. He killed Machaon and Peneleos, but was slain by Neoptolemus. Disguised as a beggar, Odysseus went to spy inside Troy, but was recognized by Helen. Homesick, Helen plotted with Odysseus. Later, with Helen's help, Odysseus and Diomedes stole the Palladium. The end of the war came with one final plan. Odysseus devised a new ruse—a giant hollow wooden horse, an animal that was sacred to the Trojans. It was built by Epeius and guided by Athena, from the wood of a cornel tree grove sacred to Apollo, with the inscription: The hollow horse was", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "164693", "text": "goddesses were enraged by this and through Helen's abduction by Paris they brought about the Trojan War. Hera plays a substantial role in \"The Iliad\", appearing in a number of books throughout the epic poem. In accordance with ancient Greek mythology, Hera's hatred towards the Trojans, which was started by Paris' decision that Aphrodite was the most beautiful goddess, is seen as through her support of the Greeks during the war. Throughout the epic Hera makes many attempts to thwart the Trojan army. In books 1 and 2, Hera declares that the Trojans must be destroyed. Hera persuades Athena to", "title": "Hera" }, { "id": "12485316", "text": "Trojans and their allies. () The armies approach each other, but before they meet, Paris offers to end the war by fighting a duel with Menelaus, urged by his brother and head of the Trojan army, Hector. While Helen tells Priam about the Greek commanders from the walls of Troy, both sides swear a truce and promise to abide by the outcome of the duel. Paris is beaten, but Aphrodite rescues him and leads him to bed with Helen before Menelaus can kill him. () Pressured by Hera's hatred of Troy, Zeus arranges for the Trojan Pandaros to break the", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "20977126", "text": "as a soldier, who gives us the background to the plot, which takes place during the Trojan War. Immortalized in Greek mythology and Homer's Iliad, the war occurs because a Trojan prince, Paris, has stolen the beautiful Helen from her husband, King Menelaus of Sparta, and carries her home to Troy with him. In response, Menelaus gathers his fellow Greek kings, and they sail to Troy hoping to capture the city and reclaim Helen. Within the walls of Troy, Prince Troilus complains to Pandarus that he is unable to fight because of heartache; he is desperately in love with Pandarus's", "title": "Troilus and Cressida" }, { "id": "406392", "text": "Hector in most versions of the story, though others list Aeneas, Achates, or Ephorbus as his slayer. The Achaeans buried him as a god on the Thracian peninsula, across the Troad. After Protesilaus' death, his brother, Podarces, took command of his troops. The Achaeans besieged Troy for nine years. This part of the war is the least developed among surviving sources, which prefer to talk about events in the last year of the war. After the initial landing the army was gathered in its entirety again only in the tenth year. Thucydides deduces that this was due to lack of", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406386", "text": "on the girl, and took her to be a maiden in one of her temples, substituting a lamb. Hesiod says that Iphigenia became the goddess Hecate. The Achaean forces are described in detail in the Catalogue of Ships, in the second book of the \"Iliad\". They consisted of 28 contingents from mainland Greece, the Peloponnese, the Dodecanese islands, Crete, and Ithaca, comprising 1186 pentekonters, ships with 50 rowers. Thucydides says that according to tradition there were about 1200 ships, and that the Boeotian ships had 120 men, while Philoctetes' ships only had the fifty rowers, these probably being maximum and", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406373", "text": "the greatest of all mortal warriors. After Calchas' prophesy, Thetis hid Achilles in Skyros at the court of King Lycomedes, where he was disguised as a girl. At a crucial point in the war, she assists her son by providing weapons divinely forged by Hephaestus (see below). The most beautiful woman in the world was Helen, one of the daughters of Tyndareus, King of Sparta. Her mother was Leda, who had been either raped or seduced by Zeus in the form of a swan. Accounts differ over which of Leda's four children, two pairs of twins, were fathered by Zeus", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "12485322", "text": "are driven back onto the plain. () Zeus awakes and is enraged by Poseidon's intervention. Against the mounting discontent of the Greek-supporting gods, Zeus sends Apollo to aid the Trojans, who once again breach the wall, and the battle reaches the ships. () Patroclus cannot stand to watch any longer and begs Achilles to be allowed to defend the ships. Achilles relents and lends Patroclus his armor, but sends him off with a stern admonition not to pursue the Trojans, lest he take Achilles' glory. Patroclus leads the Myrmidons into battle and arrives as the Trojans set fire to the", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "16146978", "text": "trickery (πανουργία) rather than wisdom (). In his \"Histories\", Herodotus gives the Persian and Greek accounts of a series of kidnappings that led to the Trojan War. While docked at a trading port in Argos, the Phoenicians kidnapped a group of Greek women including King Idacus's daughter, Io. The Greeks then retaliated by kidnapping Europa, a Phoenician, and later Medea. The Greeks refused to compensate the Phoenicians for the additional abduction, a fact which Paris used a generation later to justify the abduction of Helen from Argos. The Greeks then retaliated by waging war against Troy. After Troy's fall the", "title": "Phoenicia" }, { "id": "406433", "text": "For instance, the historian Thucydides, who is known for being critical, considers it a true event but doubts that 1,186 ships were sent to Troy. Euripides started changing Greek myths at will, including those of the Trojan War. Near year 100, Dio Chrysostom argued that while the war was historical, it ended with the Trojans winning, and the Greeks attempted to hide that fact. Around 1870 it was generally agreed in Western Europe that the Trojan War had never happened and Troy never existed. Then Heinrich Schliemann popularized his excavations at Hisarlik, which he and others believed to be Troy,", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406439", "text": "and founded colonies elsewhere was interpreted by Thucydides as being due to their long absence. Nowadays the interpretation followed by most scholars is that the Achaean leaders driven out of their lands by the turmoil at the end of the Mycenaean era preferred to claim descent from exiles of the Trojan War. The inspiration provided by these events produced many literary works, far more than can be listed here. The siege of Troy provided inspiration for many works of art, most famously Homer's \"Iliad\", set in the last year of the siege. Some of the others include \"Troades\" by Euripides,", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "12485310", "text": "Iliad The Iliad (; \"\", in Classical Attic; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer. Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles. Although the story covers only a few weeks in the final year of the war, the \"Iliad\" mentions or alludes to many of the Greek legends about", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "406401", "text": "successful. Both armies gathered in full for the first time since the landing. Menelaus and Paris fought a duel, which ended when Aphrodite snatched the beaten Paris from the field. With the truce broken, the armies began fighting again. Diomedes won great renown amongst the Achaeans, killing the Trojan hero Pandaros and nearly killing Aeneas, who was only saved by his mother, Aphrodite. With the assistance of Athena, Diomedes then wounded the gods Aphrodite and Ares. During the next days, however, the Trojans drove the Achaeans back to their camp and were stopped at the Achaean wall by Poseidon. The", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "835221", "text": "Myrmidon, a king of Thessalian Phthia, who was the son of Zeus and of Eurymedousa, a princess of Phthia. Zeus took the physical form of an ant and seduced Eurymedousa, hence their son's name. According to Greek legend, the Myrmidons left their native island of Aegina and moved to Thessaly. From there, Aeacus' grandson, Achilles, led the Myrmidons to battle in the Trojan War as an ally of the Achaeans. Homer's \"Iliad\" gives an account of a portion of the Trojan War, with a focus on the role of Achilles. When King Agamemnon of the Achaeans disrespects Achilles, he abandons", "title": "Myrmidons" }, { "id": "2197801", "text": "Macedon. A short inscription which could be in Mysian and which dates from between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC was found in \"Üyücek\", near Kütahya, and seems to include Indo-European words, but it has not been deciphered. Mysians Mysians (, ) were the inhabitants of Mysia, a region in northwestern Asia Minor. Their first mention is by Homer, in his list of Trojans allies in the Iliad, and according to whom the Mysians fought in the Trojan War on the side of Troy, under the command of Chromis and Ennomus the Augur, and were \"lion-hearted spearmen who fought with", "title": "Mysians" }, { "id": "732542", "text": "Troy's walls. Thus, Helen waited in Memphis for ten years, while the Greeks and the Trojans fought. Following the conclusion of the Trojan War, Menelaus sailed to Memphis, where Proteus reunited him with Helen. When he discovered that his wife was missing, Menelaus called upon all the other suitors to fulfill their oaths, thus beginning the Trojan War. The Greek fleet gathered in Aulis, but the ships could not sail for lack of wind. Artemis was enraged by a sacrilege, and only the sacrifice of Agamemnon's daughter, Iphigenia, could appease her. In Euripides \"Iphigenia in Aulis\", Clytemnestra, Iphigenia's mother and", "title": "Helen of Troy" }, { "id": "406422", "text": "his bath, according to different versions. Cassandra was also killed. Agamemnon's son Orestes, who had been away, returned and conspired with his sister Electra to avenge their father. He killed Clytemnestra and Aegisthus and succeeded to his father's throne. Odysseus' ten-year journey home to Ithaca was told in Homer's \"Odyssey\". Odysseus and his men were blown far off course to lands unknown to the Achaeans; there Odysseus had many adventures, including the famous encounter with the Cyclops Polyphemus, and an audience with the seer Teiresias in Hades. On the island of Thrinacia, Odysseus' men ate the cattle sacred to the", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "732520", "text": "from classical authors such as Aristophanes, Cicero, Euripides, and Homer (in both the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\"). Her story appears in Book II of Virgil's \"Aeneid\". In her youth, she was abducted by Theseus. A competition between her suitors for her hand in marriage saw Menelaus emerge victorious. An oath sworn by all the suitors (known as the \"Oath of Tyndareus\") required all of them to provide military assistance to the winning suitor, whomever he might be, if she were ever stolen from him; the obligations of the oath precipitated the Trojan War. When she married Menelaus she was still", "title": "Helen of Troy" }, { "id": "12485313", "text": "and the besieging Greeks. Chryses, a Trojan priest of Apollo, offers the Greeks wealth for the return of his daughter Chryseis, held captive of Agamemnon, the Greek leader. Although most of the Greek army is in favour of the offer, Agamemnon refuses. Chryses prays for Apollo's help, and Apollo causes a plague to afflict the Greek army. After nine days of plague, Achilles, the leader of the Myrmidon contingent, calls an assembly to deal with the problem. Under pressure, Agamemnon agrees to return Chryseis to her father, but decides to take Achilles' captive, Brisēís, as compensation. Angered, Achilles declares that", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "406403", "text": "Achilles, maddened with grief, swore to kill Hector in revenge. He was reconciled with Agamemnon and received Briseis back, untouched by Agamemnon. He received a new set of arms, forged by the god Hephaestus, and returned to the battlefield. He slaughtered many Trojans, and nearly killed Aeneas, who was saved by Poseidon. Achilles fought with the river god Scamander, and a battle of the gods followed. The Trojan army returned to the city, except for Hector, who remained outside the walls because he was tricked by Athena. Achilles killed Hector, and afterwards he dragged Hector's body from his chariot and", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406441", "text": "Troy Troy (, \"Troia\" or Τροίας, \"Troias\" and , \"Ilion\" or , \"Ilios\"; and ; Hittite: \"Wilusha\" or \"Truwisha\"; ) was a city in the far northwest of the region known in late Classical antiquity as Asia Minor, now known as Anatolia in modern Turkey, just south of the southwest mouth of the Dardanelles strait and northwest of Mount Ida. The present-day location is known as Hisarlik. It was the setting of the Trojan War described in the Greek Epic Cycle, in particular in the \"Iliad\", one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer. Metrical evidence from the \"Iliad\"", "title": "Troy" }, { "id": "406429", "text": "led to Roman hegemony. At Cumae, the Sibyl leads Aeneas on an archetypal descent to the underworld, where the shade of his dead father serves as a guide; this book of the \"Aeneid\" directly influenced Dante, who has Virgil act as his narrator's guide. Aeneas is given a vision of the future majesty of Rome, which it was his duty to found, and returns to the world of the living. He negotiates a settlement with the local king, Latinus, and was wed to his daughter, Lavinia. This triggered a war with other local tribes, which culminated in the founding of", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406394", "text": "of Aeneas in the Troad region and stole his cattle. He also captured Lyrnassus, Pedasus, and many of the neighbouring cities, and killed Troilus, son of Priam, who was still a youth; it was said that if he reached 20 years of age, Troy would not fall. According to Apollodorus, He also took Lesbos and Phocaea, then Colophon, and Smyrna, and Clazomenae, and Cyme; and afterwards Aegialus and Tenos, the so-called Hundred Cities; then, in order, Adramytium and Side; then Endium, and Linaeum, and Colone. He took also Hypoplacian Thebes and Lyrnessus, and further Antandrus, and many other cities. Kakrides", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406391", "text": "off his ship, he was not the first to land on Trojan soil. Hector killed Protesilaus in single combat, though the Trojans conceded the beach. In the second wave of attacks, Achilles killed Cycnus, son of Poseidon. The Trojans then fled to the safety of the walls of their city. The walls served as sturdy fortifications for defense against the Greeks; the build of the walls was so impressive that legend held that they had been built by Poseidon and Apollo during a year of forced service to Trojan King Laomedon. Protesilaus had killed many Trojans but was killed by", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406440", "text": "\"Troilus and Criseyde\" by Geoffrey Chaucer, \"Troilus and Cressida\" by William Shakespeare, \"Iphigenia\" and \"Polyxena\" by Samuel Coster, \"Palamedes\" by Joost van den Vondel and \"Les Troyens\" by Hector Berlioz. Films based on the Trojan War include \"Helen of Troy\" (1956), \"The Trojan Horse\" (1961) and \"Troy\" (2004). The war has also been featured in many books, television series, and other creative works. Trojan War In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans (Greeks) after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta. The war is one of", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406375", "text": "pieces of a horse, although not without a certain amount of grumbling. Tyndareus chose Menelaus. Menelaus was a political choice on her father's part. He had wealth and power. He had humbly not petitioned for her himself, but instead sent his brother Agamemnon on his behalf. He had promised Aphrodite a hecatomb, a sacrifice of 100 oxen, if he won Helen, but forgot about it and earned her wrath. Menelaus inherited Tyndareus' throne of Sparta with Helen as his queen when her brothers, Castor and Pollux, became gods, and when Agamemnon married Helen's sister Clytemnestra and took back the throne", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406378", "text": "by these examples to steal himself a wife from Greece, and expected no retribution, since there had been none in the other cases. According to Homer, Menelaus and his ally, Odysseus, traveled to Troy, where they unsuccessfully sought to recover Helen by diplomatic means. Menelaus then asked Agamemnon to uphold his oath, which, as one of Helen's suitors, was to defend her marriage regardless of which suitor had been chosen. Agamemnon agreed and sent emissaries to all the Achaean kings and princes to call them to observe their oaths and retrieve Helen. Since Menelaus's wedding, Odysseus had married Penelope and", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "846713", "text": "Academus (mythology) Akademos or Academus (; Ancient Greek: Ἀκάδημος), also Hekademos or Hecademus (Ἑκάδημος) was an Attic hero in Greek mythology. Plutarch in his biography of the Athenian king Theseus (the slayer of the Minotaur) says that, after being widowed and reaching age 50, the king abducted the beautiful 12-year-old Helen (long before she married Menelaus, met Paris and was the cause of the Trojan War). Due to this outrage, her twin brothers Castor and Pollux invaded Attica to liberate their sister and threatened to destroy Athens. Akademos spared the city by telling them where she was (hidden at Aphidnae).", "title": "Academus (mythology)" }, { "id": "2197798", "text": "Mysians Mysians (, ) were the inhabitants of Mysia, a region in northwestern Asia Minor. Their first mention is by Homer, in his list of Trojans allies in the Iliad, and according to whom the Mysians fought in the Trojan War on the side of Troy, under the command of Chromis and Ennomus the Augur, and were \"lion-hearted spearmen who fought with their bare hands\". Herodotus in his \"Histories\" wrote that the Mysians were brethren of the Carians and the Lydians, originally Lydian colonists in their country, and as such, they had the right to worship alongside their relative nations", "title": "Mysians" }, { "id": "406417", "text": "though, and eventually the remaining defenders were destroyed along with the whole city. Neoptolemus killed Priam, who had taken refuge at the altar of Zeus of the Courtyard. Menelaus killed Deiphobus, Helen's husband after Paris' death, and also intended to kill Helen, but, overcome by her beauty, threw down his sword and took her to the ships. Ajax the Lesser raped Cassandra on Athena's altar while she was clinging to her statue. Because of Ajax's impiety, the Acheaens, urged by Odysseus, wanted to stone him to death, but he fled to Athena's altar, and was spared. Antenor, who had given", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406434", "text": "and of the Mycenaean cities of Greece. Today many scholars agree that the Trojan War is based on a historical core of a Greek expedition against the city of Troy, but few would argue that the Homeric poems faithfully represent the actual events of the war. In November 2001, geologist John C. Kraft and classicist John V. Luce presented the results of investigations into the geology of the region that had started in 1977. The geologists compared the present geology with the landscapes and coastal features described in the \"Iliad\" and other classical sources, notably Strabo's \"Geographia\". Their conclusion was", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "732216", "text": "he chose for her. When Paris took her to Troy, Menelaus invoked this oath. Helen's other suitors – who between them represented the lion's share of Achaea's strength, wealth and military prowess – were obliged to help bring her back. Thus, the whole of Greece moved against Troy in force and the Trojan War began. Homer's \"Iliad\" casts Paris as unskilled and cowardly. Although Paris readily admits his shortcomings in battle, his brother Hector scolds and belittles him after he runs away from a duel with Menelaus that was to determine the end of the war. His preference for bow", "title": "Paris (mythology)" }, { "id": "406370", "text": "be the downfall of Troy. After bathing in the spring of Ida, the goddesses appeared to him naked, either for the sake of winning or at Paris' request. Paris was unable to decide between them, so the goddesses resorted to bribes. Athena offered Paris wisdom, skill in battle, and the abilities of the greatest warriors; Hera offered him political power and control of all of Asia; and Aphrodite offered him the love of the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen of Sparta. Paris awarded the apple to Aphrodite, and, after several adventures, returned to Troy, where he was recognized", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "20227365", "text": "Project Troy Project Troy was a research study of psychological warfare undertaken for the Department of State by a group of scholars including physicists, historians and psychologists from Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and RAND Corporation in the fall of 1950. The \"Project Troy Report to the Secretary of State\", presented to Secretary of State Archeson on 1 February 1951, made various proposals for political warfare, including possible methods of minimizing the effects of Soviet jamming on the Voice of America broadcasts. During World War II the United States Office of War Information (OWI) launched a large-scale information", "title": "Project Troy" }, { "id": "19487877", "text": "as a whole...society \"listened\"; in the twentieth century society \"views\"... the modern heroic medium is film, and not necessarily the productions that are held in highest critical regard.\" The ancient Greek epic poem the \"Iliad (\"Ἰλιάς) details the final year of the decade-long Trojan War. The war began due to divine interaction with mortals: Eris, personification of strife and discord, presented a golden apple to the goddesses Aphrodite, Athena and Hera but instructed that only the fairest of them could keep it. Zeus sends the three women to Paris, the prince of Troy, who decides to award the apple to", "title": "Greek epic in film" }, { "id": "12485325", "text": "gives Achilles all the promised gifts, including Briseis, but Achilles is indifferent to them. Achilles fasts while the Greeks take their meal, straps on his new armor, and heaves his great spear. His horse Xanthos prophesies to Achilles his death. Achilles drives his chariot into battle. () Zeus lifts the ban on the gods' interference, and the gods freely help both sides. Achilles, burning with rage and grief, slays many. () Driving the Trojans before him, Achilles cuts off half their number in the river Skamandros and proceeds to slaughter them, filling the river with the dead. The river, angry", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "406411", "text": "to him by Hector, so that it pierced his armpit, his only vulnerable part. According to an older tradition, he was killed by the Trojans who, seeing he was invulnerable, attacked him with clay until he was covered by it and could no longer move, thus dying of starvation. After the tenth year, it was prophesied that Troy could not fall without Heracles' bow, which was with Philoctetes in Lemnos. Odysseus and Diomedes retrieved Philoctetes, whose wound had healed. Philoctetes then shot and killed Paris. According to Apollodorus, Paris' brothers Helenus and Deiphobus vied over the hand of Helen. Deiphobus", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406393", "text": "money. They raided the Trojan allies and spent time farming the Thracian peninsula. Troy was never completely besieged, thus it maintained communications with the interior of Asia Minor. Reinforcements continued to come until the very end. The Achaeans controlled only the entrance to the Dardanelles, and Troy and her allies controlled the shortest point at Abydos and Sestus and communicated with allies in Europe. Achilles and Ajax were the most active of the Achaeans, leading separate armies to raid lands of Trojan allies. According to Homer, Achilles conquered 11 cities and 12 islands. According to Apollodorus, he raided the land", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "4223164", "text": "by killing Achilles when they meet outside Troy. (The story was originally intended to end more conventionally, with \"Cressida\", despite her love for him, apparently abandoning him for \"Diomede\", but the producers declined to renew co-star Maureen O'Brien's contract, requiring that her character Vicki be written out.) Troilus Troilus ( ; ; ) is a legendary character associated with the story of the Trojan War. The first surviving reference to him is in Homer's \"Iliad\", which some scholars theorize was composed by bards and sung in the late 9th or 8th century BC. In Greek mythology, Troilus is a young", "title": "Troilus" }, { "id": "16091", "text": "the Trojans. During the war, Agamemnon, a Greek hero captured Chryseis, the daughter of Apollo's priest Chryses. Angered, Apollo shot arrows infected with the plague into the Greek encampment. He demanded to return the girl, and the Achaeans (Greeks) complied, indirectly causing the \"anger of Achilles\", which is the theme of the \"Iliad\". Receiving the aegis from Zeus, Apollo entered the battlefield, causing great terror to the enemy with his war cry, pushing them back and destroying many of them. He is described as \"the rouser of armies\", because he rallied the Trojan army when they were falling apart. When", "title": "Apollo" }, { "id": "406421", "text": "was reunited with Menelaus. Proteus also told Menelaus that he was destined for Elysium (Heaven) after his death. Menelaus returned to Sparta with Helen eight years after he had left Troy. Agamemnon returned home with Cassandra to Argos. His wife Clytemnestra (Helen's sister) was having an affair with Aegisthus, son of Thyestes, Agamemnon's cousin who had conquered Argos before Agamemnon himself retook it. Possibly out of vengeance for the death of Iphigenia, Clytemnestra plotted with her lover to kill Agamemnon. Cassandra foresaw this murder, and warned Agamemnon, but he disregarded her. He was killed, either at a feast or in", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406408", "text": "Like Ajax, he is represented as living after his death in the island of Leuke, at the mouth of the Danube River, where he is married to Helen. A great battle raged around the dead Achilles. Ajax held back the Trojans, while Odysseus carried the body away. When Achilles' armour was offered to the smartest warrior, the two that had saved his body came forward as competitors. Agamemnon, unwilling to undertake the invidious duty of deciding between the two competitors, referred the dispute to the decision of the Trojan prisoners, inquiring of them which of the two heroes had done", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406424", "text": "had been faithful to him during the 20 years he was absent, despite the countless suitors that were eating his food and spending his property. With the help of his son Telemachus, Athena, and Eumaeus, the swineherd, he killed all of them except Medon, who had been polite to Penelope, and Phemius, a local singer who had only been forced to help the suitors against Penelope. Penelope tested Odysseus and made sure it was him, and he forgave her. The next day the suitors' relatives tried to take revenge on him but they were stopped by Athena. The \"Telegony\" picks", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "21446", "text": "the Aloadae into slaying each other. In Nonnus's \"Dionysiaca\" Ares also killed Ekhidnades, the giant son of Echidna, and a great enemy of the gods. Scholars have not concluded whether the nameless Ekhidnades (\"of Echidna's lineage\") was entirely Nonnus's invention or not. In the \"Iliad\", Homer represented Ares as having no fixed allegiances, rewarding courage on both sides: he promised Athena and Hera that he would fight on the side of the Achaeans (\"Iliad\" V.830–834, XXI.410–414), but Aphrodite persuaded Ares to side with the Trojans. During the war, Diomedes fought with Hector and saw Ares fighting on the Trojans' side.", "title": "Ares" }, { "id": "406395", "text": "comments that the list is wrong in that it extends too far into the south. Other sources talk of Achilles taking Pedasus, Monenia, Mythemna (in Lesbos), and Peisidice. Among the loot from these cities was Briseis, from Lyrnessus, who was awarded to him, and Chryseis, from Hypoplacian Thebes, who was awarded to Agamemnon. Achilles captured Lycaon, son of Priam, while he was cutting branches in his father's orchards. Patroclus sold him as a slave in Lemnos, where he was bought by Eetion of Imbros and brought back to Troy. Only 12 days later Achilles slew him, after the death of", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "12485353", "text": "may learn well how much greater I am than you, and another man may shrink back from likening himself to me and contending against me. After that, only Athena stays Achilles's wrath. He vows to never again obey orders from Agamemnon. Furious, Achilles cries to his mother, Thetis, who persuades Zeus's divine intervention—favouring the Trojans—until Achilles's rights are restored. Meanwhile, Hector leads the Trojans to almost pushing the Greeks back to the sea (Book XII). Later, Agamemnon contemplates defeat and retreat to Greece (Book XIV). Again, the Wrath of Achilles turns the war's tide in seeking vengeance when Hector kills", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "857164", "text": "Chryses In Greek mythology, Chryses (; \"Khrúsēs\") was a Trojan priest of Apollo at Chryse, near the city of Troy. According to a tradition mentioned by Eustathius of Thessalonica, Chryses and Briseus (father of Briseis) were brothers, sons of a man named Ardys (otherwise unknown). During the Trojan War (prior to the actions described in Homer's \"Iliad\"), Agamemnon took Chryses' daughter Chryseis (Astynome) from Moesia as a war prize and when Chryses attempted to ransom her, refused to return her. Chryses prayed to Apollo, and he, in order to defend the honor of his priest, sent a plague sweeping through", "title": "Chryses" }, { "id": "3335551", "text": "name from the mythical king Peleus, father of Achilles) was the homeland of Chiron the Centaur, tutor of many ancient Greek heroes, such as Jason, Achilles, Theseus and Heracles. It was in Mount Pelion, near Chiron's cave, that the marriage of Thetis and Peleus took place. The uninvited goddess Eris, to take revenge for having been kept outside the party, brought a golden apple with the inscription \"To the Fairest\". The dispute that then arose between the goddesses Hera, Aphrodite and Athena resulted in events leading to the Trojan War. When the twins Otus and Ephialtes attempted to storm Olympus,", "title": "Pelion" }, { "id": "406384", "text": "route to Troy. Some scholars have regarded the expedition against Telephus and its resolution as a derivative reworking of elements from the main story of the Trojan War, but it has also been seen as fitting the story-pattern of the \"preliminary adventure\" that anticipates events and themes from the main narrative, and therefore as likely to be \"early and integral\". Eight years after the storm had scattered them, the fleet of more than a thousand ships was gathered again. But when they had all reached Aulis, the winds ceased. The prophet Calchas stated that the goddess Artemis was punishing Agamemnon", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "864614", "text": "Deiphobus In Greek mythology, Deiphobus (Ancient Greek: Δηίφοβος, \"Deiphobos\") was a son of Priam and Hecuba. He was a prince of Troy, and the greatest of Priam's sons after Hector and Paris. Deiphobus killed four men of fame in the Trojan War. According to the \"Iliad\" (books XII, XIV, XXII), in the Trojan War Deiphobus, along with his brother Helenus, led a group of soldiers at the siege of the newly constructed Argive wall and killed many, and wounded the Achaean hero Meriones. As Hector was fleeing Achilles, Athena took the shape of Deiphobus and goaded Hector to make a", "title": "Deiphobus" }, { "id": "12485321", "text": "all wounded. Achilles sends Patroclus from his camp to inquire about the Greek casualties, and while there Patroclus is moved to pity by a speech of Nestor's. () The Trojans attack the Greek wall on foot. Hector, ignoring an omen, leads the terrible fighting. The Greeks are overwhelmed and routed, the wall's gate is broken, and Hector charges in. () Many fall on both sides. The Trojan seer Polydamas urges Hector to fall back and warns him about Achilles, but is ignored. () Hera seduces Zeus and lures him to sleep, allowing Poseidon to help the Greeks, and the Trojans", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "875831", "text": "Troy in the Trojan War, first appears in Book Two of the \"Iliad\". In Book Four, he is tricked by Athena, who wishes for the destruction of Troy, to shoot and wound Menelaus with an arrow, sabotaging a truce that could potentially have led to the peaceful return of Helen of Troy. He then attempts to kill Diomedes at close range, since Athena is protecting him from his deadly arrows, while Aeneas acts as his charioteer. Diomedes narrowly survives the attack, though, retaliating with a deadly blow that knocks Pandarus out of the chariot. Diomedes then pursues Aeneas, who is", "title": "Pandarus" }, { "id": "406469", "text": "the Troy of which the Mycenaeans would have known. In 480 BC, the Persian king Xerxes sacrificed 1,000 cattle at the sanctuary of Athena Ilias while marching through the Hellespontine region towards Greece. Following the Persian defeat in 480–479, Ilion and its territory became part of the continental possessions of Mytilene and remained under Mytilenaean control until the unsuccessful Mytilenean revolt in 428–427. Athens liberated the so-called Actaean cities including Ilion and enrolled these communities in the Delian League. Athenian influence in the Hellespont waned following the oligarchic coup of 411, and in that year the Spartan general Mindaros emulated", "title": "Troy" }, { "id": "12485315", "text": "dream but decides to first test the Greek army's morale, by telling them to go home. The plan backfires, and only the intervention of Odysseus, inspired by Athena, stops a rout. Odysseus confronts and beats Thersites, a common soldier who voices discontent about fighting Agamemnon's war. After a meal, the Greeks deploy in companies upon the Trojan plain. The poet takes the opportunity to describe the provenance of each Greek contingent. When news of the Greek deployment reaches King Priam, the Trojans too sortie upon the plain. In a list similar to that for the Greeks, the poet describes the", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "406377", "text": "a likeness of her made of clouds, Nephele. The myth of Helen being switched is attributed to the 6th century BC Sicilian poet Stesichorus. For Homer the true Helen was in Troy. The ship then landed in Sidon before reaching Troy. Paris, fearful of getting caught, spent some time there and then sailed to Troy. Paris' abduction of Helen had several precedents. Io was taken from Mycenae, Europa was taken from Phoenicia, Jason took Medea from Colchis, and the Trojan princess Hesione had been taken by Heracles, who gave her to Telamon of Salamis. According to Herodotus, Paris was emboldened", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406405", "text": "including Machaon (according to Pausanias, Machaon was killed by Eurypylus), and according to one version, Achilles himself, who was resurrected at the request of Thetis. In another version, Penthesilia was killed by Achilles who fell in love with her beauty after her death. Thersites, a simple soldier and the ugliest Achaean, taunted Achilles over his love and gouged out Penthesilea's eyes. Achilles slew Thersites, and after a dispute sailed to Lesbos, where he was purified for his murder by Odysseus after sacrificing to Apollo, Artemis, and Leto. While they were away, Memnon of Ethiopia, son of Tithonus and Eos, came", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "12485329", "text": "and cohorts; battle scenes feature quickly slain minor characters. Much debate has surrounded the nature of the relationship of Achilles and Patroclus, as to whether it can be described as a homoerotic one or not. Classical and Hellenistic Athenian scholars perceived it as pederastic, while others perceived it as a platonic warrior-bond. In the literary Trojan War of the \"Iliad\", the Olympian gods, goddesses, and minor deities fight among themselves and participate in human warfare, often by interfering with humans to counter other gods. Unlike their portrayals in Greek religion, Homer's portrayal of gods suited his narrative purpose. The gods", "title": "Iliad" }, { "id": "406374", "text": "and which by Tyndareus. However, Helen is usually credited as Zeus' daughter, and sometimes Nemesis is credited as her mother. Helen had scores of suitors, and her father was unwilling to choose one for fear the others would retaliate violently. Finally, one of the suitors, Odysseus of Ithaca, proposed a plan to solve the dilemma. In exchange for Tyndareus' support of his own suit towards Penelope, he suggested that Tyndareus require all of Helen's suitors to promise that they would defend the marriage of Helen, regardless of whom he chose. The suitors duly swore the required oath on the severed", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406398", "text": "Palamedes stoned to death for treason. However, Pausanias, quoting the \"Cypria\", says that Odysseus and Diomedes drowned Palamedes, while he was fishing, and Dictys says that Odysseus and Diomedes lured Palamedes into a well, which they said contained gold, then stoned him to death. Palamedes' father Nauplius sailed to the Troad and asked for justice, but was refused. In revenge, Nauplius traveled among the Achaean kingdoms and told the wives of the kings that they were bringing Trojan concubines to dethrone them. Many of the Greek wives were persuaded to betray their husbands, most significantly Agamemnon's wife, Clytemnestra, who was", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "406362", "text": "the two epic poems traditionally credited to Homer, the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\", composed sometime between the 9th and 6th centuries BC. Each poem narrates only a part of the war. The \"Iliad\" covers a short period in the last year of the siege of Troy, while the \"Odyssey\" concerns Odysseus's return to his home island of Ithaca following the sack of Troy and contains several flashbacks to particular episodes in the war. Other parts of the Trojan War were told in the poems of the Epic Cycle, also known as the Cyclic Epics: the \"Cypria\", \"Aethiopis\", \"Little Iliad\", \"Iliou", "title": "Trojan War" } ]

[ "The Marshall Plan" ]

[ { "id": "19392604", "text": "Plan (officially called the European Recovery Program, or ERP) counted 16 European participating nations: Austria, Belgium, Denmark (with the Faroe Isles and Greenland), France, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy (with San Marino), Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal (with Madeira and the Azores), Sweden, Switzerland (with Liechtenstein), Turkey, and the United Kingdom. On 12 July 1947, 48 diplomats representing those 16 nations started meetings at Quai d'Orsay in Paris, France, with an invitation to the Soviet Union and her satellite states to join the conference in progress. The Committee of European Economic Co-operation was also known as the \"Conference of Sixteen\", referencing its", "title": "Committee of European Economic Co-operation" }, { "id": "2391003", "text": "that they could not deal with the international monetary system's economic problems. The United States set up the European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan) to provide large-scale financial and economic aid for rebuilding Europe largely through grants rather than loans. Countries belonging to the Soviet bloc, e.g., Poland were invited to receive the grants, but finally they were forced by Stalin to reject the aid. In a speech at Harvard University on 5 June 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall stated: From 1947 until 1958, the U.S. deliberately encouraged an outflow of dollars, and, from 1950 on, the United States", "title": "Bretton Woods system" }, { "id": "12167841", "text": "also mean that it's better to have died a victim than bear the shame of having dropped the bombs . \"Basket of Bread\" was used as propaganda for the European Recovery Program, better known as the Marshall Plan from 1947 to 1951. The Marshall Plan, which earned General George C. Marshall the Nobel Peace Prize, is credited with rebuilding European nations by restoring agricultural and industrial production and thereby restoring food supply and economic infrastructure in the aftermath of World War II. In the 1940s, William Nichols, managing editor of \"This Week\", saw an artist's work in an art gallery.", "title": "Basket of Bread" }, { "id": "6237079", "text": "to halt the rampant inflation. This type of action to help the German economy had been prohibited by the directive and its execution also led to the setting up of a Soviet controlled puppet state in the eastern zone, to maintain Soviet control there. In 1948, the Deutsche Mark replaced the occupation currency as the currency of the Western occupation zones, leading to their eventual economic recovery. In 1947, the Marshall Plan, initially known as the \"European Recovery Program\" was initiated. In the years 1947–1952, some $13 billion of economic and technical assistance—-equivalent to around $140 billion in 2017—were allocated", "title": "Reconstruction of Germany" }, { "id": "8781104", "text": "in Southeast Asia, with the People's Republic of China, as the Chinese Communist Party emerged victorious from the Chinese Civil War in 1949. At the end of the war, millions of people were dead and millions more homeless, the European economy had collapsed, and much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed. The Soviet Union, too, had been heavily affected. In response, in 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall devised the \"European Recovery Program\", which became known as the Marshall Plan. Under the plan, during 1948–1952 the United States government allocated US$13 billion (US$ billion in 2018 dollars)", "title": "Aftermath of World War II" }, { "id": "471289", "text": "Department that Chiang's success was vital to American interests, insisting that U.S. troops not become involved. After Marshall's return to the U.S. in early 1947, Truman appointed Marshall Secretary of State. He became the spokesman for the State Department's ambitious plans to rebuild Europe. On June 5, 1947 in a speech at Harvard University, he outlined the American proposal. The European Recovery Program, as it was formally known, became known as the Marshall Plan. Clark Clifford had suggested to Truman that the plan be called the Truman Plan, but Truman immediately dismissed that idea and insisted that it be called", "title": "George Marshall" }, { "id": "18534210", "text": "joined the Allies. The first move was the Franco-British alliance realized in the Dunkirk Treaty in March 1947. The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the American initiative 1948–1951 to aid Europe, in which the United States gave away $17 billion (approximately $160 billion in current dollar value) in economic support to help rebuild European economies and foster European unity in the face of Soviet threats. France received $2.3 billion about 18% of the Marshall total. This allowed France to make heavy purchases of food and machinery from the United States. Counting other programs, the U.S. government", "title": "History of French foreign relations" }, { "id": "265543", "text": "developed its own economic plan, known as the Molotov Plan, in spite of the fact that large amounts of resources from the Eastern Bloc countries to the USSR were paid as reparations, for countries participating in the Axis Power during the war. The phrase \"equivalent of the Marshall Plan\" is often used to describe a proposed large-scale economic rescue program. The reconstruction plan, developed at a meeting of the participating European states, was drafted on June 5, 1947. It offered the same aid to the Soviet Union and its allies, but they refused to accept it, as doing so would", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "20409904", "text": "Committee for the Marshall Plan The Committee for the Marshall Plan, also known as Citizens' Committee for the Marshall Plan to Aid European Recovery, was a short-term organization established to promote passage of the European Recovery Program known as the Marshall Plan – which \"fronted for a State Department legally barred from engaging in propaganda.\" The committee disbanded not long after April 3, 1948, when U.S. President Harry S. Truman signed the Marshall Plan into law, which granted $5 billion in aid to 16 European nations. Writing for the Marshall Foundation, History Professor Emeritus explained that postwar anti-Communism, pullback to", "title": "Committee for the Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "20409910", "text": "crucial in passing the Marshall Plan.\" Committee for the Marshall Plan The Committee for the Marshall Plan, also known as Citizens' Committee for the Marshall Plan to Aid European Recovery, was a short-term organization established to promote passage of the European Recovery Program known as the Marshall Plan – which \"fronted for a State Department legally barred from engaging in propaganda.\" The committee disbanded not long after April 3, 1948, when U.S. President Harry S. Truman signed the Marshall Plan into law, which granted $5 billion in aid to 16 European nations. Writing for the Marshall Foundation, History Professor Emeritus", "title": "Committee for the Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "13297627", "text": "Truman promulgated his containment doctrine in early 1947, a major component of which was to be aid to the world's poor countries in order to blunt the appeals of radicalism to their hungry peoples and to bolster their anti-communist political elements. In May 1947 the U.S. government granted Greece $300 million in military and economic aid. Turkey received $100 million. The U.S. government gave Greece $362 million in 1949, and U.S. aid to Greece generally remained over $100 million annually until 1998. The most well-known, and largest, United States aid program in the immediate post-war years was the European Recovery", "title": "United States foreign aid" }, { "id": "19392595", "text": "Committee of European Economic Co-operation The Committee of European Economic Co-operation (CEEC) was a joint European conference to determine the priorities for the recovery of the European economy after World War II, and to assist in the administration of the Marshall Plan. The committee, consisting of representatives from 16 European nations, met from 12 July to 22 September 1947 in Paris, France. The conference resulted in a request from those nations of Europe that participated in the deliberations of the committee, which did not include the Soviet Union and her satellite states, for a total of US$22.4 billion ( in", "title": "Committee of European Economic Co-operation" }, { "id": "13297628", "text": "Program (ERP). More often known as the Marshall Plan, it was the creation of George Kennan, William Clayton, and others at the U.S. State Department under Secretary of State George Marshall. Publicly suggested by Marshall in June 1947, and put into action about a year later, the Plan was essentially an extension of the Greece–Turkey aid strategy to the rest of Europe. The U.S. administration considered the stability of the existing governments in Western Europe vital to its own interests. On 3 April 1948, President Truman signed the Economic Cooperation Act, establishing the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) to administer the", "title": "United States foreign aid" }, { "id": "265642", "text": "lines in the operetta was: \"Wines for Sale; will you swap / A little bit of steel for Chateau Neuf du Pape?\" Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion (nearly $ billion in US dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. Replacing the previous Morgenthau Plan, it operated for four years beginning on April 3, 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-torn regions, remove trade", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "9148313", "text": "Molotov Plan The Molotov Plan was the system created by the Soviet Union in 1947 in order to provide aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to the Soviet Union. It can be seen to be the Soviet Union's version of the Marshall Plan, which for political reasons the Eastern European countries would not be able to join without leaving the Soviet sphere of influence. Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov rejected the Marshall Plan (1947), proposing instead the Molotov Plan—the Soviet-sponsored economic grouping which was eventually expanded to become the Comecon. The Molotov", "title": "Molotov Plan" }, { "id": "4461241", "text": "The beginning of modern development aid is rooted in the context of Post-World War II and the Cold War. Launched as a large-scale aid program by the United States in 1948, the European Recovery Program, or Marshall Plan, was concerned with strengthening the ties to the West European states to contain the influence of the USSR. Implemented by the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), the Marshall Plan also expanded its reconstruction finance to strategic parts of the Middle East and Asia. The rationale was well summarized in the 'Point Four Program', in which United States president Harry Truman stated the anti-communist", "title": "Development aid" }, { "id": "9148315", "text": "their trade to the Soviet Union instead. The plan was in some ways contradictory because while the Soviets were giving aid to Eastern Bloc countries, at the same time they were demanding that countries who were members of the Axis powers pay reparations to the Soviet Union. Molotov Plan The Molotov Plan was the system created by the Soviet Union in 1947 in order to provide aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to the Soviet Union. It can be seen to be the Soviet Union's version of the Marshall Plan, which for", "title": "Molotov Plan" }, { "id": "12732138", "text": "a US rule that proposed a \"barbarous\" dismantling of Germany. As president of the Alumni Association of Harvard University in June 1947 Laird Bell organized the commencement speeches where Secretary of State George Marshall launched the European Recovery Plan. (General Omar Bradley was the main speaker that day). In the spring of 1949, Bell joined Columbia President Dwight Eisenhower and a group of other notables, chaired by Allen Dulles, in The National Committee for Free Europe, Inc, a private organization which gave aid to intellectuals and political refugees in newly communist European countries. In 1956 he presided over Adlai Stevenson's", "title": "Laird Bell" }, { "id": "19392596", "text": "2019) over a four-year period. From the viewpoint of today, one of the most tangible result from the activities of the CEEC was the establishment in 1948 of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) to administer the Marshall plan from the European perspective. The OEEC is the precursor to today's Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). On 5 June 1947, George C. Marshall, at the time Secretary of State of the United States of America, gave an address at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he proposed a plan to aid European recovery after the events of World", "title": "Committee of European Economic Co-operation" }, { "id": "18384318", "text": "proposed the assistance of the United States 'in the return of normal economic health in the world' on June 5, 1947. The same year, 16 countries gathered at Paris to answer to Marshall's proposal, from their debates a common program as well as a new Organisation, the OEEC (Organisation for European Economic Cooperation) founded on April 16, 1948, will emerge. The OEEC, precursor of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) is created mainly to coordinate efforts under the European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan) for the reconstruction of a continent devastated by war. The total economic assistance provided by", "title": "Institute for the Study of Economic and Social Development" }, { "id": "265538", "text": "Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion (nearly $ billion in US dollars) in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. Replacing the previous Morgenthau Plan, it operated for four years beginning on April 3, 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, improve European prosperity, and prevent the spread of Communism. The Marshall Plan required a lessening of interstate barriers, a", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "1978751", "text": "is no choice between being a communist on 1,500 calories a day and a believer in democracy on a thousand.\" After lobbying by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Generals Clay and Marshall, the Truman administration realized that economic recovery in Europe could not go forward without the reconstruction of the German industrial base on which it had previously been dependent. In July 1947, President Truman rescinded on \"national security grounds\" the punitive JCS 1067, which had directed the US forces of occupation in Germany to \"take no steps looking toward the economic rehabilitation of Germany\". It was replaced by", "title": "Morgenthau Plan" }, { "id": "1256268", "text": "after the German invasion. After 1945, the European Recovery Program championed by Secretary of State George Marshall (the \"Marshall Plan\") helped rebuild war-torn Western Europe. USAID manages relief efforts after wars and natural disasters through its Office of U.S Foreign Disaster Assistance in Washington D.C. Privately funded U.S. NGOs and the U.S. military also play major roles in disaster relief overseas. After 1945, many newly independent countries needed assistance to relieve the chronic deprivation afflicting their low-income populations. USAID and its predecessor agencies have continuously provided poverty relief in many forms, including assistance to public health and education services targeted", "title": "United States Agency for International Development" }, { "id": "5235788", "text": "currency relative to the dollar, leading some economists to argue that Bretton Woods \"dethroned\" gold as the default asset. While Bretton Woods institutionalized the dollar's importance following the war, Europe and Asia faced dollar shortages. The international community needed dollars to finance imports from the United States to rebuild what was lost in the war. In 1948 Congress passed the European Recovery Program - generally known as the Marshall Plan – giving dollars to European countries to purchase imports needed to rebuild their economies. The plan helped European countries by providing them dollars to purchase the imports needed to produce", "title": "History of the United States dollar" }, { "id": "953171", "text": "million in credit, 200,000 tons of grain, heavy machinery and factories. In July 1947, Stalin ordered these countries to pull out of the Paris Conference on the European Recovery Programme, which has been described as \"the moment of truth\" in the post–World War II division of Europe. Thereafter, Stalin sought stronger control over other Eastern Bloc countries, abandoning the prior appearance of democratic institutions. When it appeared that, in spite of heavy pressure, non-communist parties might receive in excess of 40% of the vote in the August 1947 Hungarian elections, repressions were instituted to liquidate any independent political forces. In", "title": "Eastern Bloc" }, { "id": "20409905", "text": "American isolationism, and general conservative backlash led U.S. Republican Party politicians like U.S. Representatives Howard Buffett (father of billionaire Warren Buffett) of Nebraska and Fred Busby of Illinois to oppose what Buffett called \"Operation Rathole\" (the Marshall Plan). The Citizens' Committee for the Marshall Plan to Aid European Recovery formed in late October 1947. Its leaders were prominent liberal Eastern internationalists, members of the Council on Foreign Relations and Brookings Institution, a balance of bipartisan politicians, and labor leaders. Major donors included John D. Rockefeller. Awareness of the Marshall Plan was already rising from July to December 1947, but the", "title": "Committee for the Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "265542", "text": "Harry S. Truman as President. The Plan was largely the creation of State Department officials, especially William L. Clayton and George F. Kennan, with help from the Brookings Institution, as requested by Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Marshall spoke of an urgent need to help the European recovery in his address at Harvard University in June 1947. The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to aid in the economic recovery of nations after WWII and to reduce the influence of Communist parties within them. To combat the effects of the Marshall Plan, the USSR", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "265636", "text": "recovery would be found in eliminating central planning and restoring a market economy in Europe, especially in those countries which had adopted more fascist and corporatist economic policies. Röpke criticized the Marshall Plan for forestalling the transition to the free market by subsidizing the current, failing systems. Erhard put Röpke's theory into practice and would later credit Röpke's influence for West Germany's preeminent success. Henry Hazlitt criticized the Marshall Plan in his 1947 book \"Will Dollars Save the World?\", arguing that economic recovery comes through savings, capital accumulation, and private enterprise, and not through large cash subsidies. Ludwig von Mises", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "8781146", "text": "was done openly using tools such as the European Recovery Program, which encouraged European economic integration. The International Authority for the Ruhr, designed to keep German industry down and controlled, evolved into the European Coal and Steel Community, a founding pillar of the European Union. The United States also worked covertly to promote European integration, for example using the American Committee on United Europe to funnel funds to European federalist movements. In order to ensure that Western Europe could withstand the Soviet military threat, the Western European Union was founded in 1948 and NATO in 1949. The first NATO Secretary", "title": "Aftermath of World War II" }, { "id": "2742801", "text": "the invasion of Poland in September 1939 which marked the beginning of World War II, the campaign of ethnic \"cleansing\" became the goal of military operations for the first time since the end of World War I. The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration was set up in 1943, to provide humanitarian relief to the huge numbers of potential and existing refugees in areas facing Allied liberation. UNRRA provided billions of US dollars of rehabilitation aid, and helped about 8 million refugees. It ceased operations in Europe in 1947, and in Asia in 1949, upon which it ceased to exist.", "title": "World War II evacuation and expulsion" }, { "id": "265590", "text": "Organization for European Economic Cooperation (later called the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development or OECD), which was headed by Frenchman Robert Marjolin. The first substantial aid went to Greece and Turkey in January 1947, which were seen as the front line of the battle against communist expansion, and were already receiving aid under the Truman Doctrine. Initially, Britain had supported the anti-communist factions in those countries, but due to its dire economic condition it decided to pull out and in February 1947 requested the US to continue its efforts. The ECA formally began operation in July 1948. The ECA's", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "265586", "text": "the administration also reminded the Europeans that implementation depended on the plan's passage through Congress. A majority of Congress members were committed to free trade and European integration, and were hesitant to spend too much of the money on Germany. However, before the Marshall Plan was in effect, France, Austria, and Italy needed immediate aid. On December 17, 1947, the United States agreed to give $40 million to France, Austria, China, and Italy. Agreement was eventually reached and the Europeans sent a reconstruction plan to Washington, which was formulated and agreed upon by the Committee of European Economic Co-operation in", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "7787672", "text": "in 1932, then studied at the London School of Economics. He returned to Yale where he obtained a Ph.D. in economics in 1939. His brother, William, also attended Yale and became a member of Skull and Bones. In July, 1947 Bissell was recruited by W. Averell Harriman to run a committee to lobby for an economic recovery plan for Europe. The following year he was appointed as an administrator of the Marshall Plan in Germany and eventually became head of the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA). Bissell worked with the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) in diverting counterpart funds of the", "title": "Richard M. Bissell Jr." }, { "id": "19392602", "text": "to Marshall's speech by the countries of Europe, President Harry S. Truman established three committees to study the aspects of the aid program and its impact on the American economy, namely the Council of Economic Advisers, also called the Nourse Committee after its chairman, Edwin Griswold Nourse, the Krug Committee, named after its chairman, Julius Albert Krug, and the Harriman Committee, named after its chairman, W. Averell Harriman. The first reaction by the Soviet Union was delivered on 15 June 1947 in an editorial in \"Pravda\", the official Communist Party organ, denouncing the proposal as an attempt by the United", "title": "Committee of European Economic Co-operation" }, { "id": "19392605", "text": "16 participant nations, and was chaired by the British Foreign Secretary, Ernest Bevins. Parallel to the efforts of the 16 European nations on the subject of the Marshall Plan, the Soviet Union pushed ahead with efforts to form trade pacts and bilateral agreements with its satellite states. These agreements came to be called the 'Molotov Plan'. In the initial draft plan for the activities of the committee, the final report due date was set for 1 September 1947. The general report of the Committee of European Economic Co-operation, labeled Volume I, was finalized and sent to the United States on", "title": "Committee of European Economic Co-operation" }, { "id": "19392607", "text": "was the direct precursor of today's Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The report of the CEEC addressed the details on the European aid and recovery program in terms of internal production efforts, European economic, financial, and monetary stability, joint economic co-operation, import needs, and balance of payments. The goal of the program was to achieve the return of normalcy to the European economy by 1951, and therefore called for a four-year effort of increasing productivity of both the agricultural and industrial sectors, which had suffered significant war damage, estimated to be between 20 and 85 percent, depending on", "title": "Committee of European Economic Co-operation" }, { "id": "6678783", "text": "in Vienna. The SECI was formed in 1996 under the guidance of Richard Schifter, at the time the Senior Director for Eastern Europe in the United States National Security Council. The group's mission was modeled after the Marshall Plan of 1947, which helped rebuild Europe after World War II. Since the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina was coming to a close, Schifter saw a need for greater stability in the region. His initial plan, called the Southeast European Cooperative Development Initiative, was intended to focus on regional cooperation of the countries in Southeast Europe (SEE), and not be considered a", "title": "Southeast European Cooperative Initiative" }, { "id": "6237078", "text": "Operation Paperclip). As soon as 1945, the Allied forces worked heavily on removing Nazi influence from Germany in a process dubbed as \"denazification\". By mid-1947, the success of denazification and the start of the Cold War had led to a re-consideration of policy, as the Germans were seen as possible allies in the conflict and the dawning realization that the economic recovery of Europe was dependent on the reactivation of German industry. With the repudiation of the U.S. occupation directive JCS 1067 in July 1947, the Western Allies were able to start planning for the introduction of a currency reform", "title": "Reconstruction of Germany" }, { "id": "16091450", "text": "of global nominal GDP (US$49.6 trillion) and 42.8% of global GDP (Int$54.2 trillion) at purchasing power parity. OECD is an official United Nations observer. In 1948, the OECD originated as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), led by Robert Marjolin of France, to help administer the Marshall Plan (which was rejected by the Soviet Union and its satellite states). This would be achieved by allocating United States financial aid and implementing economic programs for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II. (Similar reconstruction aid was sent to the war-torn Republic of China and post-war Korea, but not under", "title": "OECD" }, { "id": "17808325", "text": "Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1947 The monetary reform in the Soviet Union of 1947 (known as the \"postwar reform\") was carried out during December 16-19, 1947. It was the second Soviet monetary reform. At the same time the post-World War II rationing system was discontinued. The reform was a combination of denomination and confiscation, the latter depending on the amount exchanged and whether the monies were kept at \"sberkassa\" or not. State bonds were exchanged as well, under more favorable rules of denomination. The confiscative character was attributed to large amounts of counterfeit money produced by Nazi Germany,", "title": "Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1947" }, { "id": "11229253", "text": "dashing the hopes of those who hoped it would continue as a post-war aid program, but the U.S. sent massive shipments of food to Europe in the years immediately following the end of the war. Despite this American aid, much of Europe continued to suffer from food and fuel shortages by 1947; as Churchill put it, Europe was \"a rubble heap, a charnel house, a breeding ground for pestilence and hate.\" U.S. leaders feared that poor economic conditions could lead to the rise of Communism in states such as France and Italy. With the goal of stemming the spread of", "title": "Presidency of Harry S. Truman" }, { "id": "164732", "text": "eventually to the Second World War. Most of the fighting took place on the Eastern Front, and the war ended with the defeat of the Axis powers, leaving the USSR and the United States dominating Eastern and Western Europe respectively. The Iron Curtain now separated the east under Moscow's control from the capitalist West. The United States launched the Marshall Plan from 1948–51 and NATO from 1949, and rebuilt industrial economies that all were thriving by the 1950s. France and West Germany took the lead in forming the European Economic Community, which eventually became the European Union (EU). Secularization saw", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "id": "4777829", "text": "supported American economic aid to rebuild Europe after World War II and had a major role in shaping the Marshall Plan in 1947. After returning from a GATT meeting in Geneva in May, Clayton wrote a memo to George Marshall, entitled \"The European Crisis,\" in which he argued that U.S. economic aid was urgently needed to prevent the collapse of Europe. In this memo, he warned that \"without further prompt and substantial aid from the United States, economic, social and political disintegration will overwhelm Europe.\" Charles Bohlen, when drafting the announcement of the Marshall Plan, drew heavily from Clayton's memo.", "title": "William L. Clayton" }, { "id": "2488534", "text": "1947 speech, Comporting with the Truman Doctrine, Marshall announced a comprehensive program of American assistance to all European countries wanting to participate, including the Soviet Union and those of Eastern Europe, called the Marshall Plan. With the initial planning for the Marshall plan in mid 1947, a plan which depended on a reactivated German economy, restrictions placed on German production were lessened. The roof for permitted steel production was for example raised from 25% of pre-war production levels to 50% of pre-war levels. The scrapping of JCS 1067 paved the way for the 1948 currency reform which halted rampant inflation.", "title": "Origins of the Cold War" }, { "id": "3353192", "text": "hoped to be a balancing act in 1945-46. French fears of a resurgent Germany made it reluctant to support the plan to merge the British and American zones of occupation. However growing anger at the Soviets behaviour in Poland, and the need for American economic assistance, led the French to merge their zone into what became West Germany. In 1947 the American Secretary of State, George Marshall announced the Marshall Plan to help economic recovery, economic integration, and business-oriented modernization in Europe. Large sums went to France and Germany, which helped restore trade and financial relations. The Marshall Plan recipients", "title": "France–Germany relations" }, { "id": "17916030", "text": "1947 strikes in France The strikes in France in 1947 were a series of insurrectionary labor actions against post-war wage stagnation as well as against Western capitalism generally. They first emerged as an spontaneous wave in late April at the nation's largest Renault factory. When the Communist Party (PCF) joined them it led to the May crisis which saw all Communist officials expelled from the national government. The peak wave in September was more generalized, more directly associated with the Cominform, and explicitly denounced the Marshall Plan. Soon there were 3 million strikers. 23,371,000 working days were lost to strikes", "title": "1947 strikes in France" }, { "id": "2259798", "text": "increasingly common. The European post-war economic recovery did not materialise and it became increasingly obvious that the European economy had depended on German industry. In July 1947, President Harry S. Truman rescinded on \"national security grounds\" the punitive JCS 1067, which had directed the U.S. forces of occupation in Germany to \"take no steps looking toward the economic rehabilitation of Germany.\" It was replaced by JCS 1779, which instead stressed that \"[a]n orderly, prosperous Europe requires the economic contributions of a stable and productive Germany.\" By 1948, Germany suffered from rampant hyperinflation. The currency of the time (the Reichsmark) had", "title": "Shock therapy (economics)" }, { "id": "844016", "text": "in American foreign policy that became known as the Truman Doctrine. Acheson designed the economic aid program to Europe that became known as the Marshall Plan. Acheson believed the best way to contain Stalin's Communism and prevent future European conflict was to restore economic prosperity to Western Europe, to encourage interstate cooperation there, and to help the U.S. economy by making its trading partners richer. On June 30, 1947 Acheson received the Medal for Merit from President Truman. In 1949, Acheson was appointed Secretary of State. In this position he built a working framework for containment, first formulated by George", "title": "Dean Acheson" }, { "id": "265562", "text": "address by Secretary of State George Marshall was planned. Marshall gave the address to the graduating class of Harvard University on June 5, 1947. Standing on the steps of Memorial Church in Harvard Yard, he offered American aid to promote European recovery and reconstruction. The speech described the dysfunction of the European economy and presented a rationale for US aid. The modern system of the division of labor upon which the exchange of products is based is in danger of breaking down. ... Aside from the demoralizing effect on the world at large and the possibilities of disturbances arising as", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "1978749", "text": "poverty held back the general European recovery. The continued scarcity in Germany also led to considerable expenses for the occupying powers, which were obligated to try to make up the most important shortfalls through the GARIOA program (Government and Relief in Occupied Areas). In view of the continued poverty and famine in Europe, and with the onset of the Cold War which made it important not to lose all of Germany to the communists, it was apparent by 1947 that a change of policy was required. The change was heralded by \"Restatement of Policy on Germany\", a famous speech by", "title": "Morgenthau Plan" }, { "id": "165214", "text": "agricultural sector. In the western sectors, most of the industrial plants had minimal bomb damage and the Allies dismantled 5% of the industrial plants for reparations. However, deindustrialization became impractical and the U.S. instead called for a strong industrial base in Germany so it could stimulate European economic recovery. The U.S. shipped food in 1945–47 and made a $600 million loan in 1947 to rebuild German industry. By May 1946 the removal of machinery had ended, thanks to lobbying by the U.S. Army. The Truman administration finally realised that economic recovery in Europe could not go forward without the reconstruction", "title": "History of Germany" }, { "id": "13151414", "text": "several activities to help the British army and navy, including taking down metal fences and gates to replace them with stone or wood. The metal was then melted down, and used for battle ships or planes. The major powers devoted 50–61 percent of their total GDP to munitions production. The Allies produced about three times as much in munitions as the Axis powers. Source: Goldsmith data in Harrison (1988) p. 172 Source: Jerome B Cohen, \"Japan's Economy in War and Reconstruction\" (1949) p. 354 The \"Marshall Plan\" (officially the \"European Recovery Program\" or \"ERP\") was a system of American economic", "title": "Economic history of Europe" }, { "id": "5146213", "text": "to Western Europe, 1945 to 1951. Historian Michael J. Hogan argues that American aid was critical in stabilizing the economy and politics of Western Europe. It brought in modern management that dramatically increased productivity, and encouraged cooperation between labor and management, and among the member states. Local Communist parties were opposed, and they lost prestige and influence and a role in government. In strategic terms, says Hogan, the Marshall Plan strengthened the West against the possibility of a communist invasion or political takeover. However, the Marshall Plan's role in the rapid recovery has been debated. Most reject the idea that", "title": "Aid" }, { "id": "13151415", "text": "aid to Western Europe 1948-51. It played a major role in the economic recovery, modernization, and unification of Europe. In three years the ERP gave away $12.4 billion (about 5% of the 1948 American GDP of $270 billion) for modernizing the economic and financial systems and rebuilding the industrial and human capital of war-torn Europe, including Britain, Germany, France, Italy and smaller nations. It required each government to set up a national economic plan, and for the countries to cooperate in terms of financial and trade flows. The money was not a loan and there was no repayment. Washington spent", "title": "Economic history of Europe" }, { "id": "19392599", "text": "should consist of friendly aid in the drafting of a European program and of later support of such a program so far as it may be practical for us to do so. The program should be a joint one, agreed to by a number, if not all, European nations. On 14 June 1947, the French Foreign Minister, George Bidault, invited his British counterpart, Ernest Bevin, to Paris to discuss the proposal by the United States. Reports indicated that the Soviet Union had been contacted to gauge whether they were interested in participating in this meeting. On 17 June 1947, the", "title": "Committee of European Economic Co-operation" }, { "id": "11229208", "text": "turning point in foreign affairs, as the United States engaged in an internationalist foreign policy and renounced isolationism. In mid-1945, Truman helped establish the United Nations as Roosevelt had planned it. When relations with the Soviet Union turned hostile in 1947, he issued the Truman Doctrine in 1947 to contain Communism; it is often used to mark the start of the Cold War. In 1948 he got the $13 billion Marshall Plan enacted to rebuild Western Europe. Fears of Soviet espionage led to a Red Scare and the rise of McCarthyism. Truman oversaw the Berlin Airlift of 1948 and the", "title": "Presidency of Harry S. Truman" }, { "id": "482223", "text": "was mostly behind the Western European countries in economic rebuilding and progress. Winston Churchill, in his famous \"Sinews of Peace\" address of March 5, 1946 at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, stressed the geopolitical impact of the \"iron curtain\": Eastern Europe after 1945 usually meant all the European countries liberated and then occupied by the Soviet army. It included the German Democratic Republic (also known as East Germany), formed by the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. All the countries in Eastern Europe adopted communist modes of control. These countries were officially independent from the Soviet Union, but the practical extent", "title": "Eastern Europe" }, { "id": "11091338", "text": "Congress promptly approved over US$5 billion for the first year of the European Recovery Program. Until the Czech coup, the emphasis in Washington had been on economic containment of Communism, primarily through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan and a heavy reliance on atomic power as a shield to support it. President Harry S. Truman understood that in 1946 and 1947 the American people were not prepared for a massive conventional arms buildup or a confrontation with the Soviet Union. He was reluctant to increase the military budget dramatically and instead chose a gradual and balanced buildup. Expecting to", "title": "1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état" }, { "id": "2141638", "text": "Under the plan, which President Harry S. Truman signed on 3 April 1948, the US government gave to Western European countries over $13 billion (equivalent to $189.39 billion in 2016) to rebuild the economy of Europe. Later, the program led to the creation of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation. The plan's aim was to rebuild the democratic and economic systems of Europe and to counter perceived threats to Europe's balance of power, such as communist parties seizing control through revolutions or elections. The plan also stated that European prosperity was contingent upon German economic recovery. One month later, Truman", "title": "Cold War" }, { "id": "2278959", "text": "some of the last vestiges of the Morgenthau Plan and to fewer war reparations imposed on West Germany (see also Wirtschaftswunder). After lobbying by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Generals Clay and Marshall, the Truman administration realized that economic recovery in Europe could not go forward without the reconstruction of the German industrial base on which it previously had been dependent. In July 1947, President Harry S. Truman rescinded on \"national security grounds\" the punitive JCS 1067, which had directed the U.S. forces of occupation in Germany to \"take no steps looking toward the economic rehabilitation of Germany.\" It", "title": "Consequences of Nazism" }, { "id": "1902504", "text": "Europe could not go forward without the reconstruction of the German industrial base on which it had previously been dependent. In July 1947, President Harry S. Truman rescinded on \"national security grounds\" the punitive occupation directive JCS 1067, which had directed the U.S. forces in Germany to \"take no steps looking toward the economic rehabilitation of Germany.\" It was replaced by JCS 1779, which instead stressed that \"[a]n orderly, prosperous Europe requires the economic contributions of a stable and productive Germany.\" The dismantling did however continue, and in 1949 West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer wrote to the Allies requesting that", "title": "History of Germany (1945–90)" }, { "id": "441536", "text": "It played a major role in helping Displaced Persons return to their home countries in Europe in 1945-46. Many of its functions were transferred to several UN agencies, including the International Refugee Organization and the World Health Organization. As an American relief project, it was later replaced by the Marshall Plan, which began operations in 1948. However, the historian Jessica Reinisch has shown that UNRRA should not just figure as a chapter in U.S. history. UNRRA's uniqueness was that it managed to bring together very different partners and models of international relief, each of which had their own history and", "title": "United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration" }, { "id": "19392600", "text": "two foreign ministers, along with subject matter experts, commenced a meeting to discuss tariffs and trade barriers, monetary reforms, and aid priorities. That same day, the British ambassador to the Soviet Union met with Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov to discuss the Marshall Plan with the Soviet leadership. On 19 June, the meeting in Paris was broken off, and a formal invitation to participate in further discussions was sent to Molotov. The \"Big Three Conference\" began on 27 June 1947, involving France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. This meeting soon revealed basic disagreements between France and Great Britain on", "title": "Committee of European Economic Co-operation" }, { "id": "13151417", "text": "other aid programs, chiefly from the United States. Bradford De Long and Barry Eichengreen conclude it was, \" History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program.\" They state: Jacob Magid argues: Historians also emphasize its political impact. The powerful combination of ERP and NATO (1949) gave Europe the assurance of America's commitment to the security and prosperity of Western Europe, and helped the recipients avoid the pessimism and despair that characterized the aftermath of World War I. The Marshall Plan thus created in Europe an unstoppable \"revolution of rising expectations,\" the striking phrase coined in 1950 by Harlan Cleveland, an economist and", "title": "Economic history of Europe" }, { "id": "7361892", "text": "Conway was the Shipping Counselor at the White House and for the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He resigned from the War Shipping Administration in the summer of 1947 to head the Cosmopolitan Shipping Company. At the request of President Harry S. Truman, he served from 1946 to 1948 as coordinator of the Emergency Export Program. As part of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), Conway became the first Marshall Plan administrator. He shipped millions of tons of coal, grain, and relief supplies in the midst of one of Europe's worst winters and, in the words of Secretary of", "title": "Granville Conway" }, { "id": "8528522", "text": "reports sharply critical of US occupation policy. The economy of Germany had \"...sunk to the lowest level in a hundred years\". Hoover proposed a changed economic occupation policy in his reports, if nothing else but for the sake of sparing the American taxpayers the burden of supporting Central Europe indefinitely. It has been suggested that Herbert Hoover's March 1947 economic report titled \"The necessary steps for promotion of German exports, so as to relieve American tax payers of the burdens of relief and for economic recovery of Europe\" helped end the execution of the Morgenthau plan, particularly through the paragraph", "title": "The President's Economic Mission to Germany and Austria" }, { "id": "265587", "text": "1947. In the document, the Europeans asked for $22 billion in aid. Truman cut this to $17 billion in the bill he put to Congress. On March 17, 1948, Truman addressed European security and condemned the Soviet Union before a hastily convened Joint Session of Congress. Attempting to contain spreading Soviet influence in Eastern Bloc, Truman asked Congress to restore a peacetime military draft and to swiftly pass the Economic Cooperation Act, the name given to the Marshall Plan. Of the Soviet Union Truman said, \"The situation in the world today is not primarily the result of the natural difficulties", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "265547", "text": "how much would have happened without it. A common American interpretation of the program's role in European recovery was expressed by Paul Hoffman, head of the Economic Cooperation Administration, in 1949, when he told Congress Marshall aid had provided the \"critical margin\" on which other investment needed for European recovery depended. The Marshall Plan was one of the first elements of European integration, as it erased trade barriers and set up institutions to coordinate the economy on a continental level—that is, it stimulated the total political reconstruction of western Europe. Belgian economic historian Herman Van der Wee concludes the Marshall", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "16712726", "text": "development institutions, namely the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (today part of the World Bank Group), and, separately, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (incorporated in today's World Trade Organization), Germany's and Europe's other postwar economies collapsed. Keynes' Economic Consequences of the Peace appeared to repeat themselves. However, Roosevelt had died and Harry S. Truman assumed the U.S. American Presidency on 12 April 1945. Even as the deindustrialization of Germany proceeded as planned, Truman's first Secretary of State, James F. Byrnes, by 1947 took a dismal view of its effects on Germany's impoverished population.", "title": "Peace economics" }, { "id": "527722", "text": "Brussels, and the headquarters of SHAPE near Mons. Belgium was also one of the original founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in July 1952 and of the European Economic Community formed by the Treaty of Rome on March 25, 1957. Belgium has been a member of the Schengen area since 1985. The American Marshall Plan (officially named the \"European Recovery Program\" or ERP) gave Belgium $559 million in grants from 1948 to 1951; it was not a loan and there was no repayment. A central goal of the ERP was to promote the growth of productivity", "title": "History of Belgium" }, { "id": "1978750", "text": "James F. Byrnes, then United States Secretary of State, held in Stuttgart on September 6, 1946. Also known as the \"Speech of hope\" it set the tone of future US policy as it repudiated the Morgenthau Plan economic policies and with its message of change to a policy of economic reconstruction gave the Germans hope for the future. Herbert Hoover's situation reports from 1947, and \"A Report on Germany\" also served to help change occupation policy. The Western powers' worst fear by now was that the poverty and hunger would drive the Germans to Communism. General Lucius Clay stated \"There", "title": "Morgenthau Plan" }, { "id": "11099298", "text": "his voice a familiar feature of BBC news coverage. In June 1947, he reported a speech at Harvard by George Marshall, on reconstruction in Europe. Ernest Bevin, then British Foreign Secretary, heard the broadcast, and was spurred to press ahead with what became the Marshall Plan for the nations of Europe to rebuild their economies after the war. When Miall returned to London, he served as head of \"television talks\" - documentaries and current affairs - at BBC television from 1954, assisted by Grace Wyndham Goldie and based at Lime Grove. During that period, programmes such as \"Monitor\", \"Tonight\" and", "title": "Leonard Miall" }, { "id": "19392606", "text": "22 September 1947. Volume II, containing reports by technical sub-committees, was delivered in October 1947. During the deliberations of the committee, the CEEC agreed to several conditions laid out by the United States since the beginning of the conference, one of which was the formation of a continuing organization after the conclusion of the committee meetings. The CEEC would meet again on 15 March 1948 to plan a permanent organization to take on the tasks of jointly administering this aid and recovery program. This body would turn into the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) on 16 April 1948, which", "title": "Committee of European Economic Co-operation" }, { "id": "8440860", "text": "Hoover Institution. According to the estimate of the expert report that prompted the President to set up the Relief Mission, eight hundred million people were then threatened with food shortages. He and his team took stock of all food available worldwide, and coordinated its transfer to those countries where it was needed. In doing this they arguably did avert famines in many parts of the world. A second, three-week journey, The President's Economic Mission to Germany and Austria, undertaken in 1947, took Mr. Hoover and his team back to Germany, Austria and Italy to assess economic conditions in those countries.", "title": "Hugh S. Gibson" }, { "id": "3512252", "text": "Léon Blum and Georges Pompidou. Winston Churchill lauded the movement's work for a unified Europe prior to the war in his famous Zurich speech in 1946. In 1947, the group formed around Duncan Sandys, Winston Churchill, Edvard Beneš and others split into newly formed European Movement in opposition of Union's strong Christian right. Grounded in liberal values, the Paneuropean Union was considered staunchly anti-communist from its inception and especially during the Cold War. For this reason, the organisation was much reviled by the communist regimes of the Eastern Bloc. The organisation became renowned for its role in organising the Pan-European", "title": "Paneuropean Union" }, { "id": "5146214", "text": "it only miraculously revived Europe, since the evidence shows that a general recovery was already under way thanks to other aid programs from the United States. Economic historians Bradford De Long and Barry Eichengreen conclude it was, \"History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program.\" They state: The Soviet Union concentrated on its own recovery. It seized and transferred most of Germany's industrial plants and it exacted war reparations from East Germany, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria, using Soviet-dominated joint enterprises. It used trading arrangements deliberately designed to favor the Soviet Union. Moscow controlled the Communist parties that ruled the satellite states, and", "title": "Aid" }, { "id": "2359043", "text": "an economic level with the lesser states of Central Europe, and which were now, increasingly, cut off from their traditional markets and suppliers in the rest of Europe. Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Poland had remained interested in Marshall aid despite the requirements for a convertible currency and market economies. These requirements, which would inevitably have resulted in stronger economic ties to free European markets than to the Soviet Union, were absolutely unacceptable to Stalin, who in July 1947, ordered these communist-dominated governments to pull out of the Paris Conference on the European Recovery Programme. This has been described as \"the moment", "title": "Comecon" }, { "id": "8781114", "text": "for the next two years, the US and Britain pursued an \"intellectual reparations\" programme to harvest all technological and scientific know-how as well as all patents in Germany. The value of these amounted to around US$10 billion (US$ billion in 2018 dollars). In accordance with the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947, reparations were also assessed from the countries of Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland. US policy in post-war Germany from April 1945 until July 1947 had been that no help should be given to the Germans in rebuilding their nation, save for the minimum required to mitigate starvation. The Allies'", "title": "Aftermath of World War II" }, { "id": "4884334", "text": "Marshall Plan of aid to assist in the rebuilding of Europe, Allies and Axis countries alike – except for the Soviet Union, which refused to participate, and its Eastern European satellites, which were blocked from receiving aid by the Soviets. The Plan was in many ways similar to what Keynes had proposed at Versailles after World War I. As Keynes predicted, reparations and war debts were paid for by loans from the US, leaving no one better off. The postwar system led to one of the greatest general increases in prosperity in human history. From 1948 to 1971, world trade", "title": "The Economic Consequences of the Peace" }, { "id": "19392608", "text": "country and sector. The report provided the estimated total cost of the program to be US$22.4 billion ( in 2019), with the first-year cost for 1948 to be US$8.0 billion ( in 2019). The report further broke down this amount by estimating that US$3.1 billion ( in 2019) would be sought from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), while the majority (US$19.3 billion ( in 2019)) would be requested from the United States of America. A report by the Harriman Committee, delivered to President Truman on 7 November 1947, estimated that the United States would only be able", "title": "Committee of European Economic Co-operation" }, { "id": "1606650", "text": "volatile confrontations between the two superpowers, and participated in an array of sensitive clandestine operations. In the 1940s, IRC fed people during the Soviet blockade of West Berlin. In 1945, at the end of World War II, the IRC initiated emergency relief programs, established hospitals and children’s centers, and started refugee resettlement efforts in Europe. With the descent of the Iron Curtain in 1946, the IRC initiated a resettlement program for East European refugees, which continued until the end of the Cold War. In 1950, the IRC intensified its aid in Europe with Project Berlin, which provided food to the", "title": "International Rescue Committee" }, { "id": "17808326", "text": "as well as to the desire to devalue the savings of the profiteers. Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1947 The monetary reform in the Soviet Union of 1947 (known as the \"postwar reform\") was carried out during December 16-19, 1947. It was the second Soviet monetary reform. At the same time the post-World War II rationing system was discontinued. The reform was a combination of denomination and confiscation, the latter depending on the amount exchanged and whether the monies were kept at \"sberkassa\" or not. State bonds were exchanged as well, under more favorable rules of denomination. The confiscative", "title": "Monetary reform in the Soviet Union, 1947" }, { "id": "15206708", "text": "Peter Hruby Peter Rudolph Hruby (June 22, 1921 – September 26, 2017) was a Czech academic and writer Born in Prague, Czech Republic in June 1921, he studied at Charles University in the city after it reopened in 1945 after World War II. He studied Philosophy, Psychology, Literature and Languages and organized three national programs: \"Week of Children’s Joy, 1946 & 1947\" (introduced by President Edvard Beneš), \"Cultural Unity’s Youth Club\", and a vacation exchange program for Czech and Slovak children (introduced by President Benes’s wife). After the Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948 he exiled himself to Geneva. While there", "title": "Peter Hruby" }, { "id": "1978752", "text": "JCS 1779, which instead stressed that \"[a]n orderly, prosperous Europe requires the economic contributions of a stable and productive Germany\". The most notable example of this change of policy was a plan established by US Secretary of State George Marshall, the \"European Recovery Program\", better known as the Marshall Plan, which in the form of loans instead of the free aid received by other recipients was extended to also include West Germany. A Handbook for Military Government in Germany was ready in August 1944: it advocated a quick restoration of normal life for the German people and reconstruction of Germany.", "title": "Morgenthau Plan" }, { "id": "265548", "text": "Plan was a \"great success\": By the end of World War II, much of Europe was devastated. Sustained aerial bombardment during the war had badly damaged most major cities, and industrial facilities were especially hard-hit. The region's trade flows had been thoroughly disrupted; millions were in refugee camps living on aid from United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and other agencies. Food shortages were severe, especially in the harsh winter of 1946–47. From July 1945 through June 1946, the United States shipped 16.5 million tons of food, primarily wheat, to Europe and Japan. It amounted to one-sixth of the American", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "16712730", "text": "first crafted the Monnet Plan which, similar to Morgenthau's, envisioned the transfer of the German Ruhr and Saarland territories, raw materials, and industries (coal and steel) to France to assist it in its own reconstruction. This was approved by French Prime Minister Charles de Gaulle shortly before his resignation in January 1946. The transfer of the Saar region took place with U.S. help in 1947, while the Ruhr region was placed under an international authority in 1949 that assured France access to German coal at low prices. This led to rising frictions between Germany and the allies, just as Keynes", "title": "Peace economics" }, { "id": "6719095", "text": "CARE Package The CARE Package was the original unit of aid distributed by the humanitarian organization CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere). Although \"CARE Package\" is a registered trademark, the term has since been widely adopted as a generic term for a parcel of food or supplies sent for relief or comfort purposes. In 1945, the newly formed CARE (then the Cooperative for American Remittances to Europe) initiated a program to send food relief to Europe, where large numbers of people were at risk of starvation in the wake of World War II. The organization obtained permission from the", "title": "CARE Package" }, { "id": "13811847", "text": "new Eastern Bloc. Partly as a result of this famine, unlike many countries in Europe and North America, the Soviet Union did not experience a post-war baby boom. Prompted by the drought and famine of 1946-47, the so-called \"Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature\" was put forth which consisted in a number of ambitious projects in land improvement. Between 1946 and 1947, there were a minimum of 115,000 to over 300,000 recorded deaths linked to starvation, especially in Transnistria. At the same time according to \"Moldova Socialistă\" newsletter from 28 January 1947, the Moldavian SSR surpassed planned productions of", "title": "Soviet famine of 1946–47" }, { "id": "895198", "text": "democracy. Despite these objections, the fear of the growing communist threat almost guaranteed the bill's passage. In May 1947, two months after Truman's request, a large majority of Congress approved $400 million in military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey. Increased American aid helped defeat the KKE, after interim defeats for government forces from 1946 to 1948. The Truman Doctrine was the first in a series of containment moves by the United States, followed by economic restoration of Western Europe through the Marshall Plan and military containment by the creation of NATO in 1949. The Truman Doctrine underpinned American", "title": "Truman Doctrine" }, { "id": "164893", "text": "historians Bradford De Long and Barry Eichengreen conclude it was, \" History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program.\" They state: The Soviet Union concentrated on its own recovery. It seized and transferred most of Germany's industrial plants and it exacted war reparations from East Germany, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria, using Soviet-dominated joint enterprises. It used trading arrangements deliberately designed to favor the Soviet Union. Moscow controlled the Communist parties that ruled the satellite states, and they followed orders from the Kremlin. Historian Mark Kramer concludes: Western Europe began economic and then political integration, with the aim to unite the region and", "title": "History of Europe" }, { "id": "13934991", "text": "former Axis powers and the western Allies. After the war, the major powers were determined not to repeat the mistakes of the Great Depression, some of which were ascribed to post–World War I policy errors. The Marshall Plan for the rebuilding of Europe is most credited for reconciliation, though the immediate post-war situations was more complicated. In 1948 the Marshall Plan pumped over $12 billion to rebuild and modernize Western Europe. The European Coal and Steel Community formed the foundation of what was to become the European Union in later years. Institutional economists point to the international institutions established in", "title": "Post–World War II economic expansion" }, { "id": "265635", "text": "other interest groups. Political scientist Ralph Levering points out that: Mounting large public relations campaigns and supporting private groups such as the Citizens Committee for the Marshall Plan, the administration carefully built public and bipartisan Congressional support before bringing these measures to a vote. Public opinion polls in 1947 consistently showed strong support for the Marshall plan among Americans. Furthermore, Gallup polls in England, France, and Italy showed favorable majorities over 60% Initial criticism of the Marshall Plan came from a number of economists. Wilhelm Röpke, who influenced German Minister for Economy Ludwig Erhard in his economic recovery program, believed", "title": "Marshall Plan" }, { "id": "2638530", "text": "the United States would spend as much as $400 million in efforts to \"contain\" communism. By successfully aiding Greece in 1947, Truman also set a precedent for the U.S. aid to anti-Communist regimes worldwide, even authoritarian ones at times. U.S. foreign policy moved into alignment with State Department officer George Kennan's argument that the Soviets had to be \"contained\" using \"unalterable counterforce at every point\", until the breakdown of Soviet power occurred. The United States launched massive economic reconstruction efforts, first in Western Europe and then in Japan (as well as in South Korea and Taiwan). The Marshall Plan began", "title": "History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)" }, { "id": "4917379", "text": "The labor movement in Europe became so polarized between the communists unions and social democratic and Christian labor unions, whereas front operations could no longer hide the sponsorship and they became less important. The devastation of the war resulted in a massive recovery program involving the rebuilding of industrial plants, housing and transportation, as well as the demobilization and migration of millions of soldiers and civilians. In the midst of this turmoil during the winter of 1946–1947, the Soviet Union experienced the worst natural famine in the 20th century. There was no serious opposition to Stalin, as the secret police", "title": "History of communism" }, { "id": "471261", "text": "to negotiate a coalition government between the Nationalists of Chiang Kai-shek and Communists under Mao Zedong. As Secretary of State from 1947 to 1949, Marshall advocated rebuilding Europe, a program that became known as the Marshall Plan, and which led to his being awarded the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize. After resigning as Secretary of State, Marshall served as chairman of American Battle Monuments Commission and president of the American National Red Cross. As Secretary of Defense at the start of the Korean War, Marshall worked to restore the military's confidence and morale at the end of its post-World War II", "title": "George Marshall" }, { "id": "2041016", "text": "that a nation in the Western Hemisphere became vulnerable to European control. In practice, this meant that the United States was led to act as a collections agent for European creditors by administering customs duties in the Dominican Republic (1905–1941), Haiti (1915–1934), and elsewhere. The intrusiveness and bad relations this engendered were somewhat checked by the Clark Memorandum and renounced by President Franklin D. Roosevelt's \"Good Neighbor Policy.\" After 1947, the U.S. poured tens of billions of dollars into the Marshall Plan, and other grants and loans to Europe and Asia to rebuild the world economy. Washington pushed hard to", "title": "Decolonization" }, { "id": "18384319", "text": "the ERP from April 3, 1947 to December 1951 (year the program ended), rises to about twelve billion dollars. By 1948 the ERP (Plan Marshall) had brought western Europe under the influence of the United States and the Soviets had already installed openly communist governments in eastern Europe. The Cold War, which probably began since the end of the Second World War, had been solidified. On April 4, 1949 while still undergoing the ERP, France signed along with other 11 countries the North Atlantic Treaty, creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), a unified military command to counterweight the soviet", "title": "Institute for the Study of Economic and Social Development" }, { "id": "4427294", "text": "of the Federal Reserve System (1940–1942). During World War II, he served in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). From 1945 to 1947 he was Chief of the Division of Economic Affairs of Germany and Austria at the United States Department of State. Kindleberger was a leading architect of the Marshall Plan. In 1945–1947 he served at the Department of State as Acting Director of the Office of Economic Security Policy, and briefly from 1947-48 as counselor for the European Recovery Program. He described his around-the-clock work to develop and launch the Marshall Plan with singular passion in a 1973", "title": "Charles P. Kindleberger" }, { "id": "8781145", "text": "the victors. The US launched a massive programme of military and economic aid to Greece and to neighbouring Turkey, arising from a fear that the Soviet Union stood on the verge of breaking through the NATO defence line to the oil-rich Middle East. On 12 March 1947, to gain Congressional support for the aid, President Truman described the aid as promoting democracy in defence of the \"free world\", a principle that became known as the Truman Doctrine. The US sought to promote an economically strong and politically united Western Europe to counter the threat posed by the Soviet Union. This", "title": "Aftermath of World War II" }, { "id": "13811846", "text": "all or a much smaller one. Ellman claims that the famine resulted in an estimated 1 to 1.5 million lives lost in addition to secondary population losses due to reduced fertility. Economist Steven Rosefielde claims that the Soviet government bore responsibility for the conditions. Robert Service argues that Stalin thought in the first instance that any reports of rural hardship were the result of peasants tricking urban authorities into indulging them. During the crisis, the USSR continued to export grain, with the majority of it going to the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia to consolidate the", "title": "Soviet famine of 1946–47" } ]

[ "Theodore Roosevelt" ]

[ { "id": "3121375", "text": "ads made no mention of Theodore Roosevelt as the phrase's originator. By the 1930s, however, the company was running advertisements that claimed that the former president had taken a sip of Maxwell House Coffee on a visit to Andrew Jackson's estate, The Hermitage, near Nashville on October 21, 1907, and when served the coffee, he proclaimed it to be \"good to the last drop\". During this time, Coca-Cola also used the slogan \"Good to the last drop\". Later, Maxwell House distanced itself from its original claim, admitting that the slogan was written by Clifford Spiller, former president of General Foods", "title": "Maxwell House" }, { "id": "3121372", "text": "Maxwell House Maxwell House is a US brand of coffee manufactured by a like-named division of Kraft Heinz. Introduced in 1892 by wholesale grocer Joel Owsley Cheek (1852-1935), it was named in honor of the now-defunct Maxwell House Hotel in Nashville, Tennessee, which was its first major customer. For nearly 100 years, until the late 1980s, it was the highest-selling coffee in the United States. The company's slogan is \"Good to the last drop\", which is often incorporated into their logo and is printed on their labels. In 1884 Joel Cheek moved to Nashville and met Roger Nolley Smith, a", "title": "Maxwell House" }, { "id": "20708769", "text": "shop in Downtown Nashville in 1901. They persuaded the owners of the Maxwell House Hotel to serve their coffee, and they use the name of the hotel as their coffee brand. They began using the slogan \"good to the last drop\" in 1917. In 1928, Cheek sold the brand to Postum Co. for $42 million; it was subsequently purchased by General Foods. However, he was featured in Maxwell House advertisements until his death. Cheek \"gave away much of his fortune to educational institutions, civic improvement campaigns, recognized charities and other worthy causes.\" Cheek married Minnie Ritchey in 1873. He had", "title": "Joel Owsley Cheek" }, { "id": "3121374", "text": "from his job as a coffee broker and, with partner Maxwell Colbourne, formed a wholesale grocery distributor known as the Nashville Coffee and Manufacturing Company. They specialized in coffee, with Maxwell House Coffee, as it came to be known, as the central brand. Later, the Nashville Coffee and Manufacturing Company was renamed as the Cheek-Neal Coffee Company. Over the next several years, the Maxwell House Coffee brand became a well-respected name that set it apart from the competition. In 1915 Cheek-Neal began using a \"Good to the last drop\" slogan to advertise their Maxwell House Coffee. For several years, the", "title": "Maxwell House" }, { "id": "3121384", "text": "States.) Canadian advertising of Maxwell House has differed. In the early 1980s, actor Ricardo Montalban promoted Maxwell House in commercials with the theme \"Morning and Maxwell House.\" In 1985, the company switched to more upbeat 'Me and Max' campaigns with the common tagline \"Hugga Mugga Max\" and \"Good to the last drop.\" Maxwell House was the long-time sponsor of the early television series \"Mama,\" based on the play and film \"I Remember Mama.\" It starred Peggy Wood as the matriarch of a Norwegian-American family. It ran on the CBS network from 1949 to 1957. This was perhaps the first example", "title": "Maxwell House" }, { "id": "3121386", "text": "playing the Wicked Witch of the West in the popular 1939 film \"The Wizard of Oz,\" as Cora, the general store owner who proudly announced that Maxwell House was the only brand she sold. Maxwell House was also a well-known sponsor of the Burns and Allen radio show, during which Maxwell House spots were incorporated into the plots of the radio scripts. Along with television advertising, Maxwell House used various print campaigns, always featuring the tagline \"good to the last drop.\" The publication of its Passover Haggadah by the Joseph Jacobs Advertising Agency, beginning in 1932, made Maxwell House a", "title": "Maxwell House" }, { "id": "10062326", "text": "coffee he drank was \"good to the last drop\" was used as the advertising slogan for Maxwell House coffee, which was served at and named after the hotel. The coffee brand is still in operation, and is now owned by Kraft Heinz. After being used for some years as a residential hotel, the Maxwell House Hotel was destroyed by fire on Christmas Night 1961. A newer hotel has been named for the old Maxwell House, the Millennium Maxwell House Hotel. The SunTrust Building was built on the site of the original hotel at 201 4th Avenue North. Maxwell House Hotel", "title": "Maxwell House Hotel" }, { "id": "19461038", "text": "\"Good to the Last Drop\" logo and the words \"Maxwell House Haggadah\" on a plain blue background, became a cultural icon. American Jews who remember using the Maxwell House Haggadah in their childhood homes consider it a tradition, continuing to use it at their own families' Passover Seders. In 1997 the Hallmark company reproduced the familiar blue cover of the Maxwell House Haggadahs on one of its Passover greeting cards, which described them as \"cultural iconsprized family possessions that have been handed down through the generations and are a warm reminder of the past\". The Maxwell House Haggadah is \"the", "title": "Maxwell House Haggadah" }, { "id": "10062325", "text": "managed a jewelry store in the hotel. The hotel was at its height from the 1890s to the early twentieth century. Its Christmas dinner featuring calf's head, black bear, and opossum, and other unusual delicacies became famous. Hotel guests included Jane Addams, Sarah Bernhardt, William Jennings Bryan, Enrico Caruso, \"Buffalo Bill\" Cody, Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, Annie Oakley, William Sydney Porter (O. Henry), General Tom Thumb, Cornelius Vanderbilt, George Westinghouse, and Presidents Andrew Johnson, Rutherford B. Hayes, Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, William McKinley, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. A reported comment by President Theodore Roosevelt that a cup of", "title": "Maxwell House Hotel" }, { "id": "11060703", "text": "the late 1950s, Brooks pursued a career as a singer-songwriter, adopting the name \"Joey Brooks\" (later changed to \"Joe Brooks\" or \"Joseph Brooks\") He released several records on the Canadian-American label as \"Joey Brooks\", and on Decca as \"Joey Brooks and the Baroque Folk\". When his singing career failed, he drifted into advertising and occasional songwriting work, although he sporadically released several more records throughout the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1960s, Brooks composed advertising jingles for clients including Pepsi (\"You've Got a Lot to Live\") and Maxwell House (\"Good to the Last Drop Feeling\"). He received numerous Clio Awards", "title": "Joseph Brooks (songwriter)" }, { "id": "7797019", "text": "point and decline in the faith of the American people in the political establishment—a point made by commentators from Gore Vidal to Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. and implied by Oliver Stone in several of his films, such as his landmark 1991 \"JFK\". General: John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald \"Jack\" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. He served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "3121376", "text": "Corporation, and did not come from a Roosevelt remark overheard by Cheek-Neal. The phrase remains a registered trademark of the product and appears on its logo. The veracity of the Roosevelt connection to the phrase has never been historically established. In the local press coverage of Roosevelt's October 21 visit, a story concerning Roosevelt and the cup of coffee he drank features a quote that does not resemble the slogan. The Maxwell House Company claimed in its advertising that the Roosevelt story was true. In 2009, Maxwell House ran a commercial featuring Roosevelt repriser Joe Wiegand, who tells the \"Last", "title": "Maxwell House" }, { "id": "16275143", "text": "and became known especially for three products: coffee, meat, and whiskey. Nelson saw whiskey as the most profitable of his products, and began to concentrate solely on the production and bottling of his spirit. Among his more noteworthy sales techniques, it is known that Charles was one of the first to sell whiskey by the bottle rather than the jug or barrel. According to family records, Nelson encouraged his coffee delivery boy, Joel Cheek, to take his blend to the Maxwell House Hotel in downtown Nashville, where it later was famously proclaimed as “good to the last drop”. Nelson also", "title": "Charles Nelson (businessman)" }, { "id": "11229157", "text": "presidency. Kennedy called his domestic program the \"New Frontier,\" which included initiatives such as medical care for the elderly, federal aid to education, and the creation of a department of housing and urban development. His New Frontier program was strongly influenced by Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1944 \"Second Bill of Rights\" address, as well as Harry Truman's Fair Deal. Kennedy also called for a large tax cut as an economic stimulus measure. However, many of his programs were blocked by the conservative coalition of Republicans and southern Democrats. The conservative coalition, which controlled key congressional committees and made up a majority", "title": "Presidency of John F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "8385934", "text": "Dean Burch Roy Dean Burch (December 20, 1927 – August 4, 1991) was an American lawyer and lobbyist. He served as chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from October 1969 to March 1974 and Counselor to the President in 1974, during the administrations of U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and Gerald Ford. From 1964 to 1965, he was the chairman of the Republican National Committee, during the Barry Goldwater presidential campaign. Burch was born in Enid, Oklahoma. He earned a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona, where he began his own law practice.", "title": "Dean Burch" }, { "id": "12942105", "text": "of the Twenty-fifth Amendment). Nixon resigned into the term, and was succeeded by Ford. Former president Lyndon B. Johnson, whom Nixon replaced in the White House in 1969, died two days after the inauguration. Johnson thus became the sixth president who died during his immediate successor's administration, following George Washington (1799), James K. Polk (1849), Andrew Johnson (1875), Chester A. Arthur (1886) and Calvin Coolidge (1933), who died during the administrations of John Adams, Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant, Grover Cleveland (1st term), and Herbert Hoover, respectively. Many of the ceremonies that the Armed Forces Inauguration Committee had planned during", "title": "Second inauguration of Richard Nixon" }, { "id": "12935785", "text": "of Congressional leaders, he walked to an already prepared set of microphones and began his first public statement as president: Afterwards Johnson was said to have regretted delivering the remarks, believing he sounded harsh and strident. First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson The first inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson as the 36th President of the United States was held on Friday, November 22, 1963, aboard Air Force One at Love Field, following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy earlier that day. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first term (a partial term of ) of Lyndon B. Johnson", "title": "First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson" }, { "id": "7458321", "text": "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower The presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower began on January 20, 1953, when he was inaugurated as the 34th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1961. Eisenhower, a Republican, took office as president following a landslide win over Democrat Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 presidential election. This victory upended the New Deal Coalition that had kept the presidency in the hands of the Democratic Party for 20 years. Four years later, in the 1956 presidential election, he defeated Stevenson in a landslide again, winning a second term in office. He was succeeded", "title": "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "id": "7586504", "text": "1954 - 1956 Donald Priestley 1956 - 1957 Paul Chang 1957 - 1957 Razak Khan 1957 - 1961 Ong Choon Ghee 1961 - 1961 A. E. Navarasingam 1961 - 1968 Wong Ah Fatt 1968 - 1979 P. Nadarajah 1979 - 1988 Victor Wong 1988 - 1990 Abdul Razak Mohammed 1990 - 1999 Ismail Sajad bin Sajad 1999 - 2001 Han Seng Kuang 2001 - 2006 Loy Liang Dee 2006 - 2007 Datin Khairiah Abd Majid 2007 - 2010 Datin Zainab Bee Bte. Ismail 2011 - 2014 Radiah Bt. Nordin K.M.W 2014 - Hajah Hanipah binti Endut </poem> <poem> 1922 -", "title": "Maxwell School" }, { "id": "3211545", "text": "New York Robert Livingston. William Cranch, chief judge of the U.S. Circuit Court, administered the oath to Millard Fillmore on July 10, 1850, when he became president after the death of Zachary Taylor. Upon being informed of Warren Harding's death, while visiting his family home in Plymouth Notch, Vermont, Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as president by his father, John Calvin Coolidge Sr., a notary public. Federal Judge Sarah T. Hughes administered the oath of office to Lyndon B. Johnson aboard Air Force One after John F. Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963. This was the first (and to date", "title": "Oath of office of the President of the United States" }, { "id": "7754498", "text": "Band played the school's fight song for him one final time, for his last ride from the Gerald R. Ford Airport in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The State of Michigan commissioned and submitted a statue of Ford to the National Statuary Hall Collection, replacing Zachariah Chandler. It was unveiled on May 3, 2011 in the Capitol Rotunda. On the proper right side is inscribed a quotation from a tribute by Tip O'Neill, Speaker of the House at the end of Ford's presidency: \"God has been good to America, especially during difficult times. At the time of the Civil War, he gave", "title": "Gerald Ford" }, { "id": "7797014", "text": "(especially his inaugural address) are considered iconic; and despite his relatively short term in office, and the lack of major legislative changes coming to fruition during his term, Americans regularly vote him as one of the best presidents, in the same league as Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Some excerpts of Kennedy's inaugural address are engraved on a plaque at his grave at Arlington. In 2018, \"The Times\" published an audio recreation of the \"watchmen on the walls of world freedom\" speech he was scheduled to deliver at the Dallas Trade Mart on November 22, 1963. He", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "5071736", "text": "Truman, Woodrow Wilson, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Andrew Jackson, and John F. Kennedy. More recent Presidents such as Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton are often rated among the greatest in public opinion polls, but do not always rank as highly among presidential scholars and historians. The bottom 10 often include James Buchanan, Warren G. Harding, Andrew Johnson, Franklin Pierce, Millard Fillmore, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, Ulysses S. Grant, Zachary Taylor, and George W. Bush. Because William Henry Harrison (30 days) and James A. Garfield (200 days, incapacitated after 119 days) both died shortly after taking office, they are usually omitted", "title": "Historical rankings of presidents of the United States" }, { "id": "20138558", "text": "time so their portraits could decorate the Senate Reception Room. John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) and the two others from the \"Great Triumvirate\" of Congressional leaders, Daniel Webster (Massachusetts) and Henry Clay (Kentucky), were included as well as Robert A. Taft (Ohio) and Robert M. La Follette Sr. (Wisconsin). In 2004, Arthur H. Vandenberg (Michigan) and Robert F. Wagner (New York) were added. In 2006, Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth both from Connecticut were added, changing the group's informal name to become the \"famous nine\". United States Senate Reception Room The United States Senate Reception Room is located in the", "title": "United States Senate Reception Room" }, { "id": "19628783", "text": "Joseph R. N. Maxwell Joseph Raymond Nonnatus Maxwell, SJ (7 November 1899 – 18 September 1971) was an American Roman Catholic priest, academic, poet, and college administrator. A Jesuit since 1919, he served as President of the College of the Holy Cross from 1939 to 1945, and President of Boston College from 1951 to 1958. Maxwell was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, United States, on 7 November 1899. His father, Richard Everett Maxwell (1866–1939) was a lifelong Taunton native whose parents, Michael L. Maxwell, a weaver, and Bridget Campbell, where immigrants from Ireland. Maxwell's mother, Caroline A. Carpenter, was born in", "title": "Joseph R. N. Maxwell" }, { "id": "9013362", "text": "or third greatest president, consistent with other surveys. Roosevelt is the sixth most admired person from the 20th century by U.S. citizens, according to Gallup. Summing up his Roosevelt's impact, Leuchtenburg writes: Franklin Delano Roosevelt served as President from March 1933 to April 1945, the longest tenure in American history. He may have done more during those twelve years to change American society and politics than any of his predecessors in the White House, save Abraham Lincoln. Of course, some of this was the product of circumstances; the Great Depression and the rise of Germany and Japan were beyond FDR's", "title": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt" }, { "id": "19396124", "text": "of Congress. World leaders and politicians: David Ben-Gurion; Willy Brandt; Henry Cabot, Jr.; Charles de Gaulle; Everett Dirksen; Dwight Eisenhower; Barry Goldwater; Andrei Gromyko; Dag Hammarskjold; Averell Harriman; Hubert Humphrey; Lyndon Johnson; John F. Kennedy; Robert Kennedy; Ted Kennedy; Nikita Khrushchev; Eugene McCarthy; Jawaharlal Nehru; Richard Nixon; Ross Perot; Ronald Reagan; Nelson Rockefeller; Dean Rusk; William Scranton; and Adlai Stevenson. Artists and entertainers: John Lennon; Paul McCartney; Ringo Starr; George Harrison; Marilyn Monroe; Elizabeth Taylor; Eddie Fisher; Warren Beatty; James Earl Jones; Ossie Davis; Helen Hayes; George C. Scott; George Segal; Julie Andrews; George Hamilton; Jackie Gleason; Toots Shor; Robert", "title": "Bob Gomel" }, { "id": "7796852", "text": "John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald \"Jack\" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. He served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his presidency dealt with managing relations with the Soviet Union. A member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate prior to becoming president. Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, the second child of Joseph P.", "title": "John F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "18858554", "text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2016 American political drama film about the beginning of the presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson following the assassination of John F. Kennedy. It was directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone, whose script was on the 2014 Black List. The film stars Woody Harrelson as the titular President, along with Richard Jenkins, Bill Pullman, Kim Allen, Michael Stahl-David, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Jeffrey Donovan, Doug McKeon, C. Thomas Howell, and Michael Mosley. Principal photography on the film began in New Orleans on September 21, 2015, and it premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival", "title": "LBJ (film)" }, { "id": "10633048", "text": "Merriman Smith Albert Merriman Smith (February 10, 1913 – April 13, 1970) was an American wire service reporter, notably serving as White House correspondent for United Press International and its predecessor, United Press. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1964 for his coverage of the assassination of John F. Kennedy and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1967. Smith was born in Savannah, Georgia. Known by his middle name (and his nickname, \"Smitty\"), Smith covered US presidents from Franklin Delano Roosevelt to Richard Nixon and originated the practice of closing presidential news conferences with \"Thank You, Mr. President,\"", "title": "Merriman Smith" }, { "id": "4507294", "text": "former Federalists) cast votes for a number of Federalist candidates for Vice President. It would be the last presidential election in which a candidate would run essentially unopposed. The most perfect expression of the Era of Good Feelings was Monroe's country-wide Goodwill tour in 1817 and 1819. His visits to New England and to the Federalist stronghold of Boston, Massachusetts, in particular, were the most significant of the tour. Here, the descriptive phrase \"Era of Good Feelings\" was bestowed by a local Federalist journal. The President's physical appearance, wardrobe and personal attributes were decisive in arousing good feelings on the", "title": "Era of Good Feelings" }, { "id": "9013198", "text": "of his predecessors, Wilson took steps towards the creation of a strong federal government that would protect ordinary citizens against the overwhelming power of large corporations. Many of Wilson's accomplishments, including the Federal Reserve, the Federal Trade Commission, the graduated income tax, and labor laws, continued to influence the United States long after Wilson's death. He is generally regarded as a key figure in the establishment of Modern American liberalism, and a strong influence on future presidents such as Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson. Cooper argues that in terms of impact and ambition, only the New Deal and", "title": "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson" }, { "id": "1940932", "text": "Maxwell Perkins William Maxwell Evarts \"Max\" Perkins (September 20, 1884 – June 17, 1947), was an American book editor, best remembered for discovering authors Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Thomas Wolfe. Perkins was born on September 20, 1884, in New York City, to Elizabeth (Evarts) Perkins, a daughter of William M. Evarts, and Edward Clifford Perkins, a lawyer. He grew up in Plainfield, New Jersey, attended St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire and then graduated from Harvard College in 1907. Although an economics major in college, Perkins also studied under Charles Townsend Copeland, a literature professor who helped", "title": "Maxwell Perkins" }, { "id": "12923884", "text": "Senator George McGovern. At approximately 12:10 a.m. PDT on June 5, he addressed his campaign supporters in the Ambassador Hotel's Embassy Room ballroom in the Mid-Wilshire district of Los Angeles. At the time, the government provided Secret Service protection for an incumbent president, but not for presidential candidates. Kennedy's only security was provided by former FBI agent William Barry and two unofficial bodyguards: Olympic decathlon gold medalist Rafer Johnson and former football player Rosey Grier. Kennedy had welcomed contact with the public during the campaign, and people had often tried to touch him in their excitement. Kennedy planned to walk", "title": "Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "15249658", "text": "Eisenhower's farewell address Eisenhower's farewell address (sometimes referred to as \"Eisenhower's farewell address to the nation\") was the of Dwight D. Eisenhower as the 34th President of the United States, delivered in a television broadcast on January 17, 1961. Perhaps best known for advocating that the nation guard against the potential influence of the military–industrial complex, a term he is credited with coining, the speech also expressed concerns about planning for the future and the dangers of massive spending, especially deficit spending, the prospect of the domination of science through Federal funding and, conversely, the domination of science-based public policy", "title": "Eisenhower's farewell address" }, { "id": "5776705", "text": "Richard N. Goodwin Richard Naradof Goodwin (December 7, 1931 – May 20, 2018) was an American writer and presidential advisor. He was an aide and speechwriter to Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, and to Senator Robert F. Kennedy. Goodwin was born on December 7, 1931, in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Belle (née Fisher) and Joseph C. Goodwin, an engineer and insurance salesman. Goodwin was raised Jewish. Goodwin graduated from Brookline High School, and in 1953 graduated \"summa cum laude\" from Tufts University. He enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1954, and served as a private in", "title": "Richard N. Goodwin" }, { "id": "3815624", "text": "Faith Votes, a group that encourages Christians to exercise their civic duty to vote. He then endorsed the candidacy of Donald Trump. On March 2, 2017, Carson was confirmed by the United States Senate as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development in a 58–41 vote. Carson was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Robert Solomon Carson, Jr. (1914–1992), a World War II U.S. Army veteran, and his wife, Sonya Carson (née Copeland; 1928-2017). Robert Carson was a Baptist minister, but later a Cadillac automobile plant laborer. Both of his parents came from large families in rural Georgia, and they were", "title": "Ben Carson" }, { "id": "19628793", "text": "Maxwell was an accomplished academic, writing two books, and having been included in such journals as \"Poetry\" and \"The Classical Weekly,\" \"The Classical Weekly,\" and \"\". The following is an incomplete list of his works: Joseph R. N. Maxwell Joseph Raymond Nonnatus Maxwell, SJ (7 November 1899 – 18 September 1971) was an American Roman Catholic priest, academic, poet, and college administrator. A Jesuit since 1919, he served as President of the College of the Holy Cross from 1939 to 1945, and President of Boston College from 1951 to 1958. Maxwell was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, United States, on 7", "title": "Joseph R. N. Maxwell" }, { "id": "4402687", "text": "following day. Some of the previous guests have included: Adam Copeland, Sridevi, The Tragically Hip, M.I.A., Eckhart Tolle, Margaret Atwood, Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, Wyclef Jean, Chris Jericho, Tom Cruise, Bill Maher, James Cameron, Robert F. Kennedy Jr, Marlee Matlin, Tim Robbins, Jim Parsons, Michael Fassbender, Jason Segel, Spike Lee, Ricky Gervais, Tony Bennett, Greg Kinnear, John Legend, David Byrne, former President of the United States Jimmy Carter, Larry King, LeBron James, Henry Rollins, Evangeline Lilly, former White House Press Secretary Scott McClellan, Alanis Morissette, Malcolm Gladwell, Richard Branson, Howard Zinn, Kings of Leon, Kylie Minogue, Daniel and Henrik Sedin,", "title": "George Stroumboulopoulos Tonight" }, { "id": "138889", "text": "Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (, ; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A Democrat, he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century. Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. As a", "title": "Franklin D. Roosevelt" }, { "id": "1621556", "text": "Hadrian's Wall was a symbol of this policy. The first American President, George Washington, enunciated a policy of peace through strength in his fifth annual message to Congress, the 1793 State of the Union Address. He said: In Federalist No. 24, Alexander Hamilton argued for peace through strength, stating that strong garrisons in the west and a navy in the east would protect the Union from the threat of Britain and Spain. \"Peace Through Strength\" (1952) is the title of a book about a defense plan by Bernard Baruch, a World War II adviser to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt,", "title": "Peace through strength" }, { "id": "6669787", "text": "in the rotunda of the Missouri State Capitol. Other sites associated with Truman include: In Athens, Greece, a 12-foot-tall bronze statue of President Harry S. Truman, was erected in 1963 with donations from Greek-Americans. On November 13, 2018, Truman was inducted into the Hall of Fame for the Command and General Staff College, at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Official Media coverage Other Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) became the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953) upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as Vice President. He implemented the Marshall Plan", "title": "Harry S. Truman" }, { "id": "18665158", "text": "Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev to Jimmy Carter and Henry Kissinger, to expound on the critical public issues of the day.\" Among the speakers who have delivered Landon Lectures are nine Nobel laureates, eight Pulitzer Prize-winners, and more than 40 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients. Seven of the ten men to serve as U.S. President since the series began in 1966 have delivered Landon lectures (excluding Lyndon B. Johnson, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump). George W. Bush (2006), Ronald Reagan (1982) and Richard Nixon (1970) delivered speeches during their tenure in office. Bill Clinton (2007), Jimmy Carter (1991) and Gerald Ford", "title": "Landon Lecture Series" }, { "id": "4227102", "text": "introduced a bill to appropriate $320,000 for the acquiring of of land in Montgomery County as a part of an expansion program for Maxwell Field. This was a particularly bold move at the time by Hill because of the stock market crash. Effects of the crash had yet to take place; however, the panic caused by the crash had certainly captured Montgomery's attention. On January 25, 1930, President Herbert Hoover asked Congress to re-appropriate an additional $100,000 for the main school building at Maxwell Field. President Hoover's policy was to speed public works to offset unemployment. In February 1930, Congressman", "title": "Maxwell Air Force Base" }, { "id": "6227372", "text": "was certainly smitten with her, he was heavily smitten. He was very frank with me about it.\" In October 1963, one month before his assassination, Kennedy wrote a letter to Mary Meyer, imploring her to join him for a tryst. The unsent letter, written on White House stationery and retained by Kennedy's personal secretary Evelyn Lincoln, sold in June 2016 at auction for just under $89,000. The letter reads: \"Why don’t you leave suburbia for once – come and see me – either here – or at the Cape next week or in Boston the 19th. I know it is", "title": "Mary Pinchot Meyer" }, { "id": "3398463", "text": "Door\". Wallace stood aside only after being confronted by Katzenbach, accompanied by federal marshals and the Alabama National Guard. Katzenbach has been credited with providing advice after the assassination of John F. Kennedy that led to the creation of the Warren Commission. On November 25, 1963, he sent a memo to Johnson's White House aide Bill Moyers recommending the creation of a Presidential Commission to investigate the assassination. To combat speculation of a conspiracy, Katzenbach said the results of the FBI's investigation should be made public. He wrote, in part: \"The public must be satisfied that Oswald was the assassin;", "title": "Nicholas Katzenbach" }, { "id": "5953196", "text": "in Colorado Springs, Colorado. A statue of his likeness stands at Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama, with the inscription: \"Whom shall I send, and who will go for us? Here am I. Send me.\" (Isaiah 6:8) A statue of his likeness stands on the Mall of Heroes at the US Air Force Academy in Colorado. The monument was sculpted by Glenna Goodacre. Was dedicated 27 May 2008 The Former High School in his hometown of Holly, Michigan is named after Richter and called the \"Karl Richter Community Center\". Other achievements Karl W. Richter Karl Wendell Richter (October 4, 1942", "title": "Karl W. Richter" }, { "id": "12938455", "text": "administered to Ford by Chief Justice Warren Burger in the White House East Room. Chief Justice Burger was traveling in the Netherlands at the time, and was flown back to Washington on an Air Force plane. The first phone call that President Ford, a former center on the University of Michigan football team, made after his inauguration was on Saturday, August 10, 1974, to Ohio State University football coach Woody Hayes, who had just recently suffered a heart attack. Immediately after taking the Presidential oath, Ford gave a speech (authored by Counselor to the President Robert T. Hartmann) alluding in", "title": "Inauguration of Gerald Ford" }, { "id": "14555713", "text": "8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953), an American politician of the Democratic Party. He served as a United States Senator from Missouri (1935-1945) and briefly as Vice President (1945) before he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945 upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was president during the final months of World War II, making the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Truman was elected in his own right in 1948. He presided over an uncertain domestic scene as America sought its path after the war,", "title": "Truman Day" }, { "id": "1965462", "text": "contributed critically to ending the Cold War. Reagan's approach to the presidency was somewhat of a departure from his predecessors; he delegated a great deal of work to his subordinates, letting them handle most of the government's day-to-day affairs. As an executive, Reagan framed broad themes and made a strong personal connection to voters. He used very strong aides especially chief of staff James Baker (Ford's campaign manager), and Michael Deaver as deputy chief of staff, and Edwin Meese as White House counsel, as well as David Stockman at the Bureau of the Budget and his own campaign manager Bill", "title": "History of the United States (1980–1991)" }, { "id": "1144987", "text": "the architectural character of the city and open sight-lines to the river. Downtown, Frank Sinatra Park and Sinatra Drive honor the man most consider to be Hoboken's most famous son, while uptown the name Maxwell recalls the factory with its smell of roasting coffee wafting over town and its huge neon \"Good to the Last Drop\" sign, so long a part of the landscape. The midtown section is dominated by the serpentine rock outcropping atop of which sits Stevens Institute of Technology (which also owns some, as yet, undeveloped land on the river). At the foot of the cliff is", "title": "Hoboken, New Jersey" }, { "id": "3105435", "text": "informant \"Deep Throat\" prior to the disclosure in 2005. He told \"The Hartford Courant\" in 1995, \"I think it was a guy named Mark Felt.\" Butterfield is a major source for Bob Woodward's 2015 book \"The Last of the President's Men\". Butterfield retained an extensive number of records when he left the White House, some of them historically important, including the \"zilch\" memo, which helped form part of the basis for the book. Butterfield married Charlotte Maguire in 1949. They divorced in 1985. Butterfield moved to La Jolla, California, in 1992, where he was a close friend of (and sometimes", "title": "Alexander Butterfield" }, { "id": "16317622", "text": "an author, journalist, or director of the LBJ Library, Updegrove has conducted exclusive interviews with five U.S. Presidents: George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George H.W. Bush, Jimmy Carter, and Gerald R. Ford. Among others, he has also conducted exclusive interviews or moderated public conversations with Hank Aaron, David Axelrod, James Baker, Joe Biden, Barbara Bush, Laura Bush, Ken Burns, Rosalynn Carter, Julian Castro, Hillary Clinton, Bryan Cranston, Robert Gates, Doris Kearns Goodwin, John Glenn, Eric Holder, Mikhail Gorbachev, John Kerry, Henry Kissinger, Sandra Day O’Connor, Robert Redford, Condoleezza Rice, Karl Rove, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. Updegrove spent much of", "title": "Mark K. Updegrove" }, { "id": "5498467", "text": "Roosevelt is the great-grandson of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and the son of Mary Lowe \"Polly\" (Gaddis) and Kermit Roosevelt, Jr., who was one of the key figures behind the controversial coup engineered by the CIA that restored the Shah to power in Iran in 1953. He was related to his 1994 Massachusetts gubernatorial opponent William Weld through Weld's wife at that time, Susan Roosevelt Weld, the daughter of Quentin Roosevelt II. He earned his A.B. degree in history from Harvard University and a law degree from Harvard Law School. In 1977, Roosevelt served as campaign manager for the late", "title": "Mark Roosevelt" }, { "id": "49116", "text": "America CEO Brian Moynihan '81, CNN founder and America's Cup yachtsman Ted Turner '60, IBM chairman and CEO Thomas Watson, Jr. '37, Apple Inc. CEO John Sculley '61, Uber CEO Dara Khosrowshahi '91, and magazine editor John F. Kennedy, Jr. '83. Important figures in the history of education include the father of American public school education Horace Mann (1819), civil libertarian and Amherst College president Alexander Meiklejohn, first president of the University of South Carolina Jonathan Maxcy (1787), Bates College founder Oren B. Cheney (1836), University of Michigan president (1871–1909) James Burrill Angell (1849), University of California president (1899–1919) Benjamin", "title": "Brown University" }, { "id": "7458441", "text": "while withdrawing support from European colonialism. He rescued the Republican Party from isolationism and McCarthyism. He maintained prosperity, balanced the budget, promoted technological innovation, facilitated (if reluctantly) the civil rights movement and warned, in the most memorable farewell address since Washington's, of a \"military–industrial complex\" that could endanger the nation's liberties. Not until Reagan would another president leave office with so strong a sense of having accomplished what he set out to do. Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower The presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower began on January 20, 1953, when he was inaugurated as the 34th President of the United", "title": "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "id": "4227094", "text": "with the lack of positive response from Generals Patrick and Fechet, moved up the chain of command and passed on the correspondence he had with General Fechet to Secretary of War Dwight Davis, Assistant Secretary of War for Air F. Trubee Davison, and Army Chief of Staff Charles P. Summerall. His request to them was given the answer: that they would give the matter \"full consideration.\" The depot's first official flying mission was carried out after that. Observation missions originated there in 1927–1929. Pilots from the field were also involved in completing the first leg of a test designed to", "title": "Maxwell Air Force Base" }, { "id": "10585410", "text": "of the Board of the International Fertilizer Development Center, with sponsored programs around the world. York authored more than 100 technical papers, journal articles and books, and lectured at more than forty universities in the United States and throughout the world. He served as an adviser on sustainable agricultural development and famine relief to U.S. Presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Baines Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, Gerald R. Ford, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. Among his many life-time honors, York received honorary doctorates from Auburn, Florida, Ohio State and North Carolina State, and was a member of the Alabama Agricultural Hall", "title": "E. T. York" }, { "id": "11229110", "text": "aides, including appointments secretary Kenneth O'Donnell. National Security Advisor McGeorge Bundy was the most important adviser on foreign policy, eclipsing Secretary of State Rusk. Ted Sorensen was a key advisor on domestic issues who also wrote many of Kennedy's speeches. Other important advisers and staffers included Larry O'Brien, Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., press secretary Pierre Salinger, General Maxwell D. Taylor, and W. Averell Harriman. Kennedy maintained cordial relations with Vice President Johnson, who was involved in issues like civil rights and space policy, but Johnson did not emerge as an especially influential vice president. Kennedy made two appointments to the", "title": "Presidency of John F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "17647821", "text": "assassination. He also conducted research at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Among those whose reflections are included in the book are Tom Brokaw, Bob Schieffer, Letitia Baldrige, Congressman John Lewis, Julian Bond, Walter Mondale, Alex Trebek, Vincent Bugliosi, Nicholas Katzenbach, Joseph Califano, Lee Iacocca, Bob Arnot, Christopher Lawford, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., Frank Mankiewicz, Roger Wilkins, Gary Hart, Cliff Robertson, Michael Medved, Rev. Billy Graham, Ruth Paine, John Seigenthaler, Stephen Schlesinger, Barry Goldwater, Jr., Helen Thomas, and Priscilla Johnson McMillan, as well as children of Robert McNamara, Dean Rusk, Walter Cronkite, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. and Edward R.", "title": "Reflections on the Life, Assassination, and Legacy of John F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "2454619", "text": "Since August 2015, he has been chairman of the Georgia Republican Party Foundation, the fundraising arm of the Georgia GOP. In 2016, he endorsed Ted Cruz for president, but later he served as senior advisor and spokesperson for the Donald Trump campaign. In 2017, he became a CNN political commentator. Kingston was born on April 24, 1955, in Bryan, Texas. He is the son of Martha Ann (née Heddens) and Albert James Kingston, Jr., a widely published university professor, who co-founded the National Reading Conference. His father was born in Brooklyn, New York and his mother in Los Angeles, California.", "title": "Jack Kingston" }, { "id": "19176508", "text": "Joseph Edward Maxwell Joseph Edward Maxwell (November 14, 1802 – March 8, 1886) was a Georgia politician. Maxwell was born in Liberty County, Georgia, November 14, 1802; his ancestors (from Maxwellton, Dumfries, Scotland) had settled in that county in 1748. He graduated from Yale College in 1823. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar of his native State, but inherited wealth relieved him from the necessity of practicing his profession. In 1826 he married Sarah Martha Holmes, of Liberty County, who survived him, with five children. Modest and retiring, he sought no public position, and only held office", "title": "Joseph Edward Maxwell" }, { "id": "2772191", "text": "Gamble CEO A.G. Lafley (1969); Tony Award-winning playwright Richard Nelson (1971); U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and Iowa governor Tom Vilsack (1972); Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Melinda Wagner (1979); Netflix co-founder Marc Randolph (1981); novelist Peter Cameron (1982); civil rights advocate Mary Bonauto (1983); investment banker and Goldman Sachs President David Solomon (1984); novelist Amanda Filipacchi (1988); actor and writer for \"The Office\" Paul Lieberstein (1989); Legendary Pictures CEO Thomas Tull, (1992); college basketball head coach Kyle Smith (1992); Academy Award nominated director Yance Ford (1994); novelist Kamila Shamsie (1994); Academy Award-winning screenwriter and actor Nat Faxon (1997); and novelist Sarah J.", "title": "Hamilton College" }, { "id": "3315743", "text": "Samuel Rosenman Samuel Irving Rosenman (February 13, 1896 – June 24, 1973) was an American lawyer, judge, Democratic Party activist and presidential speechwriter. He coined the term \"New Deal\", and helped articulate liberal policies during the heyday of the New Deal coalition. He was the first person to hold the position of White House Counsel. Rosenman was born in San Antonio, Texas, the son of Solomon and Ethel (Paler) Rosenman. He served in the US Army during World War I and graduated From Columbia Law School in 1919. He was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Delta Sigma Rho.", "title": "Samuel Rosenman" }, { "id": "12629639", "text": "policy or procedural discussions with the outgoing administration. President Harry Truman charted a positive course by extending his hand to President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower after the 1952 election, inviting him to the White House and ordering federal agencies to assist the new administration with the transition. John F. Kennedy funded his own (1960-61) transition just like his predecessors, and engaged in extensive transition planning on domestic and foreign policy issues, but did not meet with Eisenhower until January 6, 1961, two months after the election. The Presidential Transition Act of 1963 , as amended (by the Presidential Transitions Effectiveness Act", "title": "United States presidential transition" }, { "id": "3806684", "text": "Averell and Pamela Harriman, Steve and Jean Kennedy Smith, Ethel Skakel Kennedy, Ted Sorensen, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., Alice Roosevelt Longworth, Hubert Humphrey, Henry Kissinger, Marietta Peabody Tree, Ben Bradlee, Joseph Alsop, Evangeline Bruce, William vanden Heuvel, Kurt Vonnegut, Norman Mailer, Philip and Katharine Graham, Leonard Bernstein, Walter Lippmann, President Lyndon Johnson, Nelson Rockefeller, Lauren Bacall, Marlene Dietrich, George McGovern, Robert McNamara, McGeorge Bundy, Jack Valenti, Bill Moyers, Richard Goodwin, Al Gore, President Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton. Schlesinger died on February 28, 2007, at the age of 89 when he experienced cardiac arrest while he was dining", "title": "Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr." }, { "id": "12924018", "text": "Sr. and philanthropist/socialite Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. His older brothers were Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. and John F. \"Jack\" Kennedy, who was elected the 35th President of the United States in 1960. His younger brother was longtime United States Senator Edward M. \"Ted\" Kennedy. All four of his grandparents were children of Irish immigrants. His father was a wealthy businessman and a leading Irish figure in the Democratic Party. After he stepped down as ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1940, Joe Sr. focused his attention on his oldest son, Joseph Jr., expecting that he would enter politics and be elected", "title": "Robert F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "6749881", "text": "each other. A 2018 poll of the American Political Science Association ranked Roosevelt as the fourth greatest president in history, after George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt is a hero to modern liberals for his proposals in 1907–12 that presaged the modern welfare state of the New Deal Era, and put the environment on the national agenda. Conservatives admire his \"big stick\" diplomacy and commitment to military values. Dalton says, \"Today he is heralded as the architect of the modern presidency, as a world leader who boldly reshaped the office to meet the needs of the new", "title": "Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt" }, { "id": "172895", "text": "original residence of Herbert Hoover and where he stayed in subsequent visits to the mine during the first decade of the twentieth century. Hoover was made an honorary citizen of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. (1921). Works cited Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American engineer, businessman and politician who served as the 31st President of the United States from 1929 to 1933 during the Great Depression. A Republican, as Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s he introduced themes of efficiency in the business community and provided government support for standardization, efficiency", "title": "Herbert Hoover" }, { "id": "12924061", "text": "department, leading the Associated Press to dub him \"Bobby—Washington's No. 2-man\". The president once remarked about his brother, \"If I want something done and done immediately I rely on the Attorney General. He is very much the doer in this administration, and has an organizational gift I have rarely if ever seen surpassed.\" As one of the president's closest White House advisers, Kennedy played a crucial role in the events surrounding the Berlin Crisis of 1961. Operating mainly through a private backchannel connection to Soviet spy Georgi Bolshakov, he relayed important diplomatic communications between the American and Soviet governments. Most", "title": "Robert F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "17523679", "text": "the White House Chief of Staff. Alumni also include U.S. Senators Mack Mattingly and Thom Tillis; Wisconsin governor Scott Walker; former U.S. Ambassadors Vincent Obsitnik (Slovakia), Arthur K. Watson (France), and Thomas Watson Jr. (Soviet Union); and former U.S. Representatives Todd Akin, Glenn Andrews, Robert Garcia, Katherine Harris, Amo Houghton, Jim Ross Lightfoot, Thomas J. Manton, Donald W. Riegle Jr., and Ed Zschau. Others are NASA astronaut Michael J. Massimino, Canadian astronaut Julie Payette, Harvey Mudd College president Maria Klawe, Western Governors University president emeritus Robert Mendenhall, former University of Kentucky president Lee T. Todd Jr., NFL referee Bill Carollo,", "title": "IBM" }, { "id": "5071751", "text": "in the categories of communication ability, integrity and crisis management; and most poorly for his relationship with Congress, transparency and accountability. A 2015 poll administered by the American Political Science Association (APSA) among political scientists specializing in the American presidency had Abraham Lincoln in the top spot, with George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Jefferson, Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Bill Clinton, Andrew Jackson and Woodrow Wilson making the top 10. APSA conducted a repeat of this poll in 2018, with Donald Trump appearing for the first time, in last position. Within each column: Note: click the", "title": "Historical rankings of presidents of the United States" }, { "id": "13943240", "text": "at the Los Angeles Forum netted $300,000. Actors Dennis Weaver and Candice Bergen presided over an Election Eve rally at Long Beach Airport in California attended by 25,000 people. The campaign was also assisted by over a hundred well-known professional American football players, organized by Ray Schoenke of the Washington Redskins. After the resignation of Nixon following the Watergate scandal, a bumper sticker became popular: \"Don't blame me - I'm from Massachusetts\". McGovern recognized the mixed results of the changes that he made to the Democratic nominating convention, saying, \"I opened the doors of the Democratic Party and 20 million", "title": "George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign" }, { "id": "3383567", "text": "following paragraph: General Walters' last known public appearance was on a French Television documentary in which he talked about the White House's involvement with the Apollo program in the late 1960s. Both the producer and director noted that Walters was in perfect shape. [February 15, 2002] However, the web version of the article at the \"New York Times\" website uses a different paragraph: 'He was great as our James Bond, getting us in and out secretly, even giving us code names,' said Winston Lord, former president of the Council on Foreign Relations, who accompanied Mr. Kissinger to the secret talks", "title": "Vernon A. Walters" }, { "id": "1930729", "text": "former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Peter Pace, former FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover, former CIA Director Allen Dulles and his brother, former Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles. In addition, the former Mayor of the District of Columbia, Vincent Gray, and Edward David Burt, the youngest ever Premier of Bermuda, were GW alumni. Other notable alumni and former students include HH Prince Talal Arslan, Anwar al-Awlaki, Ralph Asher Alpher, Red Auerbach, Alec Baldwin, Dana Bash, Chris Burnham, Preston Cloud, Kellyanne Conway, Larry Craig, Jack Edmonds, Philip Emeagwali, Mary Anne Frey, Jason Filardi, John Flaherty, Ina Garten,", "title": "George Washington University" }, { "id": "19424817", "text": "opponent's inability to come back with anything that would be worthy of a response. An early occurrence was Eddie Murphy in 1983 in his standup show \"Delirious\". The first recorded mic drop was by Judy Garland on a 1965 episode of The Ed Sullivan show. The gesture then became widely popular from 2012 onwards. President Obama performed a mic drop in April 2012 on \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\", which has been credited with popularising the meme. At the White House Correspondents' Dinner on 30 April 2016, President Obama ended his speech with the words \"Obama out\", just as a", "title": "Mic drop" }, { "id": "2493486", "text": "Fair Deal The Fair Deal was an ambitious set of proposals put forward by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to Congress in his January 1949 State of the Union address. More generally the term characterizes the entire domestic agenda of the Truman administration, from 1945 to 1953. It offered new proposals to continue New Deal liberalism, but with the Conservative Coalition controlling Congress, only a few of its major initiatives became law and then only if they had considerable GOP support. As Richard Neustadt concludes, the most important proposals were aid to education, universal health insurance, the Fair Employment Practices", "title": "Fair Deal" }, { "id": "3685073", "text": "Keith Jackson Keith Max Jackson (October 18, 1928 – January 12, 2018) was an American sports commentator, journalist, author and radio personality, known for his career with ABC Sports (1966–2006). While he covered a variety of sports over his career, he is best known for his coverage of college football from 1952 until 2006, and his distinctive voice, with its deep cadence and operatic tone considered \"like Edward R. Murrow reporting on World War II, the voice of ultimate authority in college football.\" The son of a dirt farmer, Jackson was born in Roopville, Georgia and grew up on a", "title": "Keith Jackson" }, { "id": "713021", "text": "that is not recorded on the title deed. This is known as extrinsic evidence. Three of the four U.S. Presidents on Mount Rushmore were land surveyors. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln surveyed colonial or frontier territories prior to serving office. David T. Abercrombie practiced land surveying before starting an outfitter store of excursion goods. The business would later turn into Abercrombie & Fitch lifestyle clothing store. Percy Harrison Fawcett is a British surveyor that explored the jungles of South America attempting to find the Lost City of Z. His biography and expeditions were recounted in the book \"The", "title": "Surveying" }, { "id": "9655795", "text": "Ian Maxwell Ian Maxwell (born 1956) is a British businessman. Maxwell is the son of Elisabeth (née Meynard) and Robert Maxwell, the media mogul, and brother of Kevin Maxwell. His father was Jewish and his mother a French Protestant. Ian Maxwell was educated at Summer Fields School, Marlborough College and Oxford University. His first involvement in his father's business was at Pergamon Press from 1978 to 1983. After a short time at the Prince's Charitable Trust, he rejoined the Maxwell business, this time at British Printing and Communications Corporation (later renamed Maxwell Communications Corporation). Ian Maxwell was appointed chairman of", "title": "Ian Maxwell" }, { "id": "16579096", "text": "outlet reported. Amram currently resides in Los Angeles. Since May 2017, she has tweeted \"Today was the day Donald Trump finally became president\" every day. Megan Amram Megan Amram (born September 3, 1987) is an Emmy-nominated American comedy writer and performer currently working on the NBC series \"The Good Place\". She became well known after 2010 through her Twitter account. Amram grew up in Portland, Oregon, and was educated at Catlin Gabel School and Harvard University where she graduated in 2010. While at Harvard, Amram wrote two of the Hasty Pudding Theatricals' comedy drag shows. She studied violin for twenty", "title": "Megan Amram" }, { "id": "2011607", "text": "survived two attempted assassinations, including one at home where he was struck by a 12-gauge shotgun blast fired through his kitchen window. He was the fourth president of the UAW, serving from 1946 until his untimely death in 1970. A household name during his life, Reuther's legacy is all but forgotten to history. A powerful ally of Martin Luther King, Jr. and the civil rights movement, Reuther marched with King in Selma, Birmingham, Montgomery, and Jackson. When King and others including children were jailed in Birmingham, Alabama, and King authored his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail, Reuther arranged $160,000 for", "title": "Walter Reuther" }, { "id": "19829224", "text": "amount required to invoke from an absolute supermajority of three-fifths to a bare majority. His final initial Cabinet-level nominee, U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer, was confirmed on May 12, 2017. In July 2017, John F. Kelly, who had served as Secretary of Homeland Security, replaced Priebus as Chief of Staff. Bannon was fired in August 2017, leaving Kelly as one of the most powerful individuals in the White House. In September 2017, Tom Price resigned as Secretary of Health and Human Services amid criticism over his use of private charter jets for his personal travel. Don J. Wright replaced Price", "title": "Presidency of Donald Trump" }, { "id": "11822350", "text": "Freedom of Worship (painting) Freedom of Worship or Freedom to Worship is the second of the \"Four Freedoms\" oil paintings produced by the American artist Norman Rockwell. The series was based on the goals known as the Four Freedoms enunciated by the 32nd President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, in his State of the Union Address delivered on January 6, 1941. Rockwell considered this painting and \"Freedom of Speech\" the most successful of the series. \"Freedom of Worship\" was published on the 27th of February, 1943, issue of \"The Saturday Evening Post\" alongside an essay by philosopher Will", "title": "Freedom of Worship (painting)" }, { "id": "20616265", "text": "US House of Representatives Harold Ford, Jr.; Mayor of Flint, MI Dayne Walling; Former US Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings; Former Vice Chief of Staff of the Army General (Ret.) Peter W. Chiarelli; Former Chairman of the FCC Michael Powell; and President and CEO of the Aspen Institute Walter Isaacson. The summit was sponsored by Mike and Jackie Bezos, the Resnick Family Foundation, JPMorgan Chase & Co., the MacArthur Foundation, Laura & Gary Lauder, the Tisch Illumination Fund, Julie Fisher Cummings, and Mike Gridley. The program collaborated with Democracy Journal to release an issue coinciding with the summit that featured", "title": "Franklin Project" }, { "id": "15758368", "text": "as President Donald Trump's nominee to become the United States Ambassador to Italy. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 3, 2017. Eisenberg was born to a Jewish family in Illinois and grew up in Chicago. His family made their living in the agricultural business. He attended Dartmouth College, earning a bachelor's degree in 1964. He enrolled at Cornell University, where he earned an MBA in 1966. Eisenberg began his career on Wall Street after completing his education at Cornell University. He began working for Goldman Sachs in 1966. From 1966-89, Eisenberg worked in a variety of capacities", "title": "Lewis Eisenberg" }, { "id": "5974264", "text": "dinner at the White House attested to the timelessness and durability not only of his workmanship, but more importantly, of his design. This type of occurrence was commonplace among his faithful customers, who included Marilyn Monroe, Elizabeth Taylor, Jackie Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, Grace Kelly, Diana Ross, Betsy Bloomingdale, Rosalind Russell, Marlene Dietrich, Dorothy Lamour, Judy Garland, Loretta Young, Ali MacGraw, Ivana Trump, Carolyne Roehm, Kim Basinger, Arianna Huffington and many other notable personalities and film and media stars. In 1982, John Duka, the \"New York Times\" columnist, described in his column, \"Notes on Fashion\", a black tie party in", "title": "James Galanos" }, { "id": "16252640", "text": "Harvey Brooks (physicist) Harvey Brooks (August 5, 1915 – May 28, 2004) was an American physicist, \"a pioneer in incorporating science into public policy\", notable for helping to shape national science policies and who served on science advisory committees in the administrations of Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson. Brooks was also notable for his contributions to the fundamental theory of semiconductors and the band structure of metals. Brooks was dean of the Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences of the Harvard University. Brooks was also president of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,", "title": "Harvey Brooks (physicist)" }, { "id": "10124994", "text": "inaugural address would be delivered in an atmosphere filled with fear and anxiety, and amid an unstable political landscape, sought guidance from colleagues and friends as he prepared it. Among those whose counsel Lincoln sought was Orville Browning, who advised Lincoln to omit the phrase \"to reclaim the public property and places which have fallen\". He also asked his former rival (and Secretary of State-designate) William Seward to review it. Seward exercised his due diligence by presenting Lincoln with a six-page analysis of the speech in which he offered some 49 suggested changes, of which the president-elect incorporated 27 into", "title": "Presidency of Abraham Lincoln" }, { "id": "2013882", "text": "in Chicago (ORD) on April 9, 2013. It was at the Mobile Regional Airport that President George W. Bush, in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Katrina on September 2, 2005, praised Michael D. Brown, director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Bush lauded Brown with the phrase \"Brownie, you're doing a heck of a job\" in front of Brown, the media, and assembled politicians and cabinet officials (including Mississippi Senator Trent Lott; Mississippi Senator Thad Cochran; Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour; Alabama Governor Bob Riley; Michael Chertoff, Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, and Alphonso Jackson, Secretary of the", "title": "Mobile Regional Airport" }, { "id": "10377204", "text": "and increase the buzz about him, and he was called \"the next Prince\" by a writer from \"Vibe\" magazine who attended one of his shows. After earning a considerable reputation, Maxwell signed a recording contract with Columbia Records in 1994. He adopted his middle name as a moniker out of respect for his family's privacy. Maxwell recorded his debut album between 1994 and 1995 at Electric Lady Studios, RPM Studios, Sorcerer Studios and Chung King Studios in New York City, and at CRC Studios in Chicago, Illinois. \"Maxwell's Urban Hang Suite\" was produced primarily by Peter Mokran, who was credited", "title": "Maxwell's Urban Hang Suite" }, { "id": "11945768", "text": "C. Maxwell Stanley Claude Maxwell <nowiki>\"Max\"</nowiki> Stanley (1904–1984) was an American civil engineer, entrepreneur, philanthropist, peace activist, author and world citizen. He founded Stanley Consultants, an engineering and consulting firm, in 1939 with his younger brother Art. In 1943 he co-founded HON Industries, originally named Home-O-Nize, an office furniture manufacturing company; and, along with his wife Elizabeth, created and endowed the Stanley Foundation in 1956, which is an international relations think tank which focuses on \"the promotion of public understanding, constructive dialog and cooperative action on critical international issues.\" All three organizations are headquartered in Muscatine, Iowa, United States. Mr.", "title": "C. Maxwell Stanley" }, { "id": "7956921", "text": "Robert Maxwell Ian Robert Maxwell (10 June 1923 – 5 November 1991), born Ján Ludvík Hyman Binyamin Hoch, was a British media proprietor and Member of Parliament (MP). Originally from Czechoslovakia, Maxwell rose from poverty to build an extensive publishing empire. After his death, huge discrepancies in his companies' finances were revealed, including his fraudulent misappropriation of the Mirror Group pension fund. Early in his life, Maxwell escaped from Nazi occupation, joined the Czechoslovak Army in exile in World War II and was decorated after active service in the British Army. In subsequent years he worked in publishing, building up", "title": "Robert Maxwell" }, { "id": "20351894", "text": "William A. M. Burden William Armistead Moale Burden II (April 8, 1906 – October 10, 1984) was a prominent American banker, art collector, and philanthropist who served as U.S. Ambassador to Belgium under President Eisenhower. Burden was born on April 8, 1906 in Manhattan. He was the son of William Armistead Moale Burden (1877–1909), and Florence Vanderbilt (née Twombly) (1881–1969). He was the brother of Shirley Carter Burden (1908–1989), a prominent photographer. His paternal grandparents were I. Townsend Burden (1838–1913) and Evelyn Byrd Moale (1847–1916), the daughter of William Armistead Moale (1800–1880) of Baltimore, Maryland, who was a direct descendant", "title": "William A. M. Burden" }, { "id": "1872779", "text": "\"Big Six\", included: Randolph who was chosen as the titular head of the march, James Farmer, president of the Congress of Racial Equality; John Lewis, chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; Martin Luther King Jr., president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference; Roy Wilkins, president of the NAACP; and Whitney Young, president of the National Urban League. King in particular had become well known for his role in the Birmingham campaign and for his Letter from Birmingham Jail. Wilkins and Young initially objected to Rustin as a leader for the march, because he was a homosexual, a former Communist,", "title": "March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom" }, { "id": "8958093", "text": "rivalry aside to attend the service. Condolences came in from around the state and country, including personal letters and telegrams from Governor George Wallace, Governor Albert Brewer, Governor Jim Folsom, Congressman Robert E. Jones, Jr., Congressman Ben Cherner and President-elect Richard Nixon. A resolution from the Alabama House of Representatives was written into law on April 1, 1969, acknowledging the tragic loss and its impact on the populace of the state of Alabama. The following is an excerpt from the eulogy at his funeral spoken by the then University President Dr. Frank Rose: Afterward, with tears streaming down his face,", "title": "Pat Trammell" }, { "id": "14808187", "text": "film, which claims to have exposed the George W. Bush military service controversy, was also drawn upon by Michael Moore for \"Fahrenheit 9/11\" (2004) and footage was used by Robert Greenwald in \"\" (2002). The film starts with a brief pre-title clip from presenter Greg Palast’s aborted interview with Florida Director of Elections Clayton Roberts, who walks out. Palast introduces George W. Bush with particular reference to his popular image as a war hero cemented in the public mind by his landing on the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln for the 2003 Mission Accomplished Speech. He introduces authentic former Navy", "title": "Bush Family Fortunes: The Best Democracy Money Can Buy" }, { "id": "14004473", "text": "Nolan Ryan, T. Boone Pickens, and Ted Turner. Huffington Post, Western Horseman, Cigar Aficonado, and D Magazine are some of the other media to feature O'Keefe's writings, including profiles and interviews of actors, entertainers, authors, business leaders, and political figures such as Hank Aaron, Norman Brinker, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, Julia Child, Russell Crowe, Billy Crystal, Brian Dennehy, Robert Duvall, Dean Fearing, Kinky Friedman, Memo Gracida, Tommy Lee Jones, Jay Leno, Reba McEntire, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Bernadette Peters, Ann Richards, Tom Selleck, and Sam Shepard. Eric O'Keefe Eric O'Keefe (born March 11, 1961) is an American", "title": "Eric O'Keefe" }, { "id": "1773227", "text": "War on Poverty The War on Poverty is the unofficial name for legislation first introduced by United States President Lyndon B. Johnson during his State of the Union address on Wednesday, January 8, 1964. This legislation was proposed by Johnson in response to a national poverty rate of around nineteen percent. The speech led the United States Congress to pass the Economic Opportunity Act, which established the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) to administer the local application of federal funds targeted against poverty. As a part of the Great Society, Johnson believed in expanding the federal government's roles in education", "title": "War on Poverty" }, { "id": "8543934", "text": "that she had little experience with intense extra-hours positions and personnel and crisis management. However, her former boss Henry Kissinger praised the selection. Retired general Michael T. Flynn, who had been selected as President Trump's national security adviser, had ties to McFarland and tweeted a welcome to her. Hawk and former Senator Joe Lieberman also praised McFarland for being \"one of our country's most experienced, informed and wise foreign policy and national security experts\". Once in office, McFarland's style annoyed some of the more non-political staffers on the NSC. She repeated the \"Make America Great Again\" mantra to career employees", "title": "K. T. McFarland" } ]

[ "presocratic" ]

[ { "id": "11022338", "text": "ancient philosophers, were \"all\" intellectual endeavors. This included the problems of philosophy as they are understood today; but it also included many other disciplines, such as pure mathematics and natural sciences such as physics, astronomy, and biology (Aristotle, for example, wrote on all of these topics). In the pre-Socratic period, ancient philosophers first articulated questions about the \"arche\" (the cause or first principle) of the universe. Western philosophy is generally said to begin in the Greek cities of western Asia Minor (Ionia) with Thales of Miletus, who was active and was responsible for the opaque dictum, \"all is water.\" His", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "11022337", "text": "Western philosophy Western philosophy is the philosophical thought and work of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with Greek philosophy of the pre-Socratics such as Thales (c. 624 – c. 546 BC) and Pythagoras (c. 570 BC – c. 495 BC), and eventually covering a large area of the globe. The word \"philosophy\" itself originated from the Ancient Greek: \"philosophia\" (φιλοσοφία), literally, \"the love of wisdom\" (φιλεῖν \"philein\", \"to love\" and σοφία \"sophia\", \"wisdom\"). The scope of philosophy in the ancient understanding, and the writings of (at least some of) the", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "6318626", "text": "Milesian school The Milesian school () was a school of thought founded in the 6th century BC. The ideas associated with it are exemplified by three philosophers from the Ionian town of Miletus, on the Aegean coast of Asia Minor: Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes. They introduced new opinions contrary to the prevailing belief of how the world was organized, in which natural phenomena were explained solely by the will of anthropomorphized gods. The Milesians conceived of nature in terms of methodologically observable entities, and as such was one of the first truly scientific philosophies. \"Note:\" It is important to make", "title": "Milesian school" }, { "id": "406673", "text": "Thales of Miletus Thales of Miletus (; , \"Thalēs\"; 624 – c. 546 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer from Miletus in Asia Minor (present-day Milet in Turkey). He was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regarded him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition, and he is otherwise historically recognized as the first individual in Western civilization known to have entertained and engaged in scientific philosophy. Thales is recognized for breaking from the use of mythology to explain the world and the universe, and instead explaining natural objects and phenomena", "title": "Thales of Miletus" }, { "id": "11022344", "text": "to reason, the existence and unity of God, the object of theology and metaphysics, the problems of knowledge, of universals, and of individuation. The prominent figure of this period was Augustine of Hippo (one of the most important Church Fathers in Western Christianity) who adopted Plato's thought and Christianized it in the 4th century and whose influence dominated medieval philosophy perhaps up to end of the era but was checked with the arrival of Aristotle's texts. Augustinianism was the preferred starting point for most philosophers (including Anselm of Canterbury, the father of scholasticism) up until the 13th century. The Carolingian", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "794021", "text": "the Ionian Greeks. Legend offers an Ionian foundation event sponsored by a founder named Neleus from the Peloponnesus. The Greek Dark Ages were a time of Ionian settlement and consolidation in an alliance called the Ionian League. The Archaic Period of Greece began with a sudden and brilliant flash of art and philosophy on the coast of Anatolia. In the 6th century BC, Miletus was the site of origin of the Greek philosophical (and scientific) tradition, when Thales, followed by Anaximander and Anaximenes (known collectively, to modern scholars, as the Milesian School) began to speculate about the material constitution of", "title": "Miletus" }, { "id": "11022350", "text": "John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant. Many other contributors were philosophers, scientists, medical doctors, and politicians. A short list includes Galileo Galilei, Pierre Gassendi, Blaise Pascal, Nicolas Malebranche, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Christiaan Huygens, Isaac Newton, Christian Wolff, Montesquieu, Pierre Bayle, Thomas Reid, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Adam Smith, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The approximate end of the early modern period is most often identified with Immanuel Kant's systematic attempt to limit metaphysics, justify scientific knowledge, and reconcile both of these with morality and freedom. Late modern philosophy is usually considered to begin around the pivotal year of 1781,", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "5872620", "text": "also studied epistemology, or how people come to know what exists. But the Ionians were the first group of philosophers that we know of, and so remain historically important. Thales (Greek: Θαλῆς, \"Thalēs\") of Miletus (c. 624 – c. 546 BCE) is regarded as the earliest Western philosopher. Before him, the Greeks explained the origin and nature of the world through myths of anthropomorphic gods and heroes. Phenomena like lightning and earthquakes were attributed to actions of the gods. By contrast, Thales attempted to find naturalistic explanations of the world, without reference to the supernatural. He explained earthquakes by imagining", "title": "Ionian School (philosophy)" }, { "id": "2839375", "text": "middle of the 6th century BC, Miletus was considered the greatest and wealthiest of Greek Polis. Over several centuries, numerous Ancient Greek city-states were established on the coasts of Anatolia. Greeks started Western philosophy on the western coast of Anatolia (Pre-Socratic philosophy). Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Diogenes of Apollonia were among of the renowned Milesian school philosophers. Heraclitus lived in Ephesus (/ˈɛfəsəs/;[1] Greek: Ἔφεσος Ephesos; Turkish: Efes) another ancient Greek city and Anaxagoras was from Clazomenae, a city on the coast of Ionia and a member of the Ionian League. All Ancient Greek dialects were spoken in Anatolia depending on the", "title": "Colonies in antiquity" }, { "id": "406737", "text": "no such school in any sense. The most popular approach refers to a Milesian school, which is more justifiable socially and philosophically. They sought for the substance of phenomena and may have studied with each other. Some ancient writers qualify them as Milesioi, \"of Miletus.\" Thales had a profound influence on other Greek thinkers and therefore on Western history. Some believe Anaximander was a pupil of Thales. Early sources report that one of Anaximander's more famous pupils, Pythagoras, visited Thales as a young man, and that Thales advised him to travel to Egypt to further his philosophical and mathematical studies.", "title": "Thales of Miletus" }, { "id": "11017393", "text": "a reasoned inquiry into such matters as reality, morality and life in all world civilizations. Western philosophy is the philosophical tradition of the Western world and dates to Pre-Socratic thinkers who were active in Ancient Greece in the 6th century BCE such as Thales (c. 624–546 BCE) and Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BCE) who practiced a \"love of wisdom\" (\"philosophia\") and were also termed \"physiologoi\" (students of \"physis\", or nature). Socrates was a very influential philosopher, who insisted that he possessed no \"wisdom\" but was a \"pursuer of\" wisdom. Western philosophy can be divided into three eras: Ancient (Greco-Roman), Medieval philosophy", "title": "Philosophy" }, { "id": "11022339", "text": "most noted students were respectively Anaximander (all is apeiron (roughly, \"the unlimited\")) and Anaximenes of Miletus (\"all is air\") Pythagoras, from the island of Samos off the coast of Ionia, later lived in Croton in southern Italy (Magna Graecia). Pythagoreans hold that \"all is number,\" giving \"formal\" accounts in contrast to the previous \"material\" of the Ionians. They also believe in metempsychosis, the transmigration of souls, or reincarnation. A key figure in Greek philosophy is Socrates. Socrates studied under several Sophists but transformed Greek philosophy into a branch of philosophy that is still pursued today. It is said that following", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "569227", "text": "store by the name than the rest of the Ionians, let it be granted that those of pure birth are Ionians.\" From the 18th century BC the region was a part of the Hittite Empire with possible name Arzawa, which was destroyed by invaders during the 12th century BC together with the collapse of the Empire. Ionia was settled by the Greeks probably during the 11th century BC. The most important city was Miletus (the \"Millawanda/Milawata\" of Hittites). Several centuries later Ionia was the place where Western philosophy began and was the homeland of Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes and Heraclitus. They", "title": "Ionia" }, { "id": "11022342", "text": "with the changeable material things he called \"becoming\". Aristotle was a pupil of Plato. Aristotle was perhaps the first truly systematic philosopher and scientist. He wrote about physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, politics and logic. Aristotelian logic was the first type of logic to attempt to categorize every valid syllogism. Aristotle tutored Alexander the Great. He in turn conquered much of the ancient world at a rapid pace. Hellenization and Aristotelian philosophy exercised considerable influence on almost all subsequent Western and Middle Eastern philosophers, including Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Western medieval, Jewish, and Islamic thinkers. Medieval philosophy", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "406741", "text": "5th century C.E. and Simplicius of Cilicia in the 6th century C.E. writing nearly a millennium after his era). The first category includes Herodotus, Plato, Aristotle, Aristophanes, and Theophrastus among others. The second category includes Plautus, Aetius, Eusebius, Plutarch, Josephus, Iamblichus, Diogenes Laërtius, Theon of Smyrna, Apuleius, Clement of Alexandria, Pliny the Elder, and John Tzetzes among others. The earliest sources on Thales (living before 320 BC) are often the same for the other Milesian philosophers (Anaximander, and Anaximenes). These sources were either roughly contemporaneous (such as Herodotus) or lived within a few hundred years of his passing. Moreover, they", "title": "Thales of Miletus" }, { "id": "11022346", "text": "Christian philosophers Augustine of Hippo, Boethius, Anselm, Gilbert de la Porrée, Peter Abelard, Roger Bacon, Bonaventure, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Jean Buridan; the Jewish philosophers Maimonides and Gersonides; and the Muslim philosophers Alkindus, Alfarabi, Alhazen, Avicenna, Algazel, Avempace, Abubacer, Ibn Khaldūn, and Averroes. The medieval tradition of scholasticism continued to flourish as late as the 17th century, in figures such as Francisco Suárez and John of St. Thomas. The Renaissance (\"rebirth\") was a period of transition between the Middle Ages and modern thought, in which the recovery of classical texts helped shift philosophical interests away from", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "406753", "text": "philosophy and view the whole idea as a construct from a later age, \"the whole picture that has come down to us of the history of early philosophy was fashioned during the two or three generations from Plato to the immediate pupils of Aristotle\". Thales of Miletus Thales of Miletus (; , \"Thalēs\"; 624 – c. 546 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer from Miletus in Asia Minor (present-day Milet in Turkey). He was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regarded him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition, and he", "title": "Thales of Miletus" }, { "id": "794033", "text": "town owed its origin to Car, the son of Phoroneus, who built the city citadel called 'Caria'. This 'Car of Megara' may or may not be one and the same as the 'Car of the Carians', also known as Car (King of Caria). In the late 7th century BC, the tyrant Thrasybulus preserved the independence of Miletus during a 12-year war fought against the Lydian Empire. Thrasybulus was an ally of the famous Corinthian tyrant Periander. Miletus was an important center of philosophy and science, producing such men as Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes. Referring to this period, religious studies professor", "title": "Miletus" }, { "id": "5872619", "text": "nature of matter. While some of these scholars are included in the Milesian school of philosophy, others are more difficult to categorize. Most cosmologists thought that, although matter could change from one form to another, all matter had something in common which did not change. They did not agree on what all things had in common, and did not experiment to find out, but used abstract reasoning rather than religion or mythology to explain themselves, thus becoming the first philosophers in the Western tradition. Later philosophers widened their studies to include other areas of thought. The Eleatic school, for example,", "title": "Ionian School (philosophy)" }, { "id": "11022343", "text": "is the philosophy of Western Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages, roughly extending from the Christianization of the Roman Empire until the Renaissance. Medieval philosophy is defined partly by the rediscovery and further development of classical Greek and Hellenistic philosophy, and partly by the need to address theological problems and to integrate the then widespread sacred doctrines of Abrahamic religion (Islam, Judaism, and Christianity) with secular learning. Early medieval philosophy was influenced by the likes of Stoicism, Neoplatonism, but, above all, the philosophy of Plato himself. Some problems discussed throughout this period are the relation of faith", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "12933253", "text": "Miletus was the “Jewel of Ionia.” They traded not only with the Eastern empires, but also with Egypt; they sent out numerous colonies to settle in Thrace and along the coast of the Black Sea; and they had connections with Sybaris in southern Italy. Miletus bred Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes; the first three philosophers. Miletus was an essential location for this intellectual revolution to flourish because that they had connections with the great civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Anatolia which in turn allowed for a vast array of exchange of goods and ideas from across the Mediterranean and three continents.", "title": "Ionian Enlightenment" }, { "id": "11022349", "text": "natural philosophy. Some central topics of Western philosophy in its early modern (also classical modern) period include the nature of the mind and its relation to the body, the implications of the new natural sciences for traditional theological topics such as free will and God, and the emergence of a secular basis for moral and political philosophy. These trends first distinctively coalesce in Francis Bacon's call for a new, empirical program for expanding knowledge, and soon found massively influential form in the mechanical physics and rationalist metaphysics of René Descartes. Other notable modern philosophers include Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz,", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "11022345", "text": "Renaissance of the 8th/9th century was fed by Church missionaries travelling from Ireland, most notably John Scotus Eriugena, a Neoplatonic philosopher. The modern university system has roots in the European medieval university, which was created in Italy and evolved from Catholic Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages. Thomas Aquinas, an academic philosopher and the father of Thomism, was immensely influential in Catholic Europe; he placed a great emphasis on reason and argumentation, and was one of the first to use the new translation of Aristotle's metaphysical and epistemological writing. Philosophers from the Middle Ages include the", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "11022355", "text": "\"The Principles of Mathematics\" (1903) is considered to mark the beginning of 20th-century philosophy. The 20th century also saw the increasing professionalization of the discipline and the beginning of the current (contemporary) era of philosophy. Since the Second World War, contemporary philosophy has been divided mostly into analytic and Continental traditions; the former carried in the English speaking world and the latter on the continent of Europe. The perceived conflict between Continental and analytic schools of philosophy remains prominent, despite increasing skepticism regarding the distinction's usefulness. In the English-speaking world, analytic philosophy became the dominant school for much of the", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "454765", "text": "music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government—and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Aristotle's views on physical science had a profound influence on medieval scholarship. Their influence extended from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages into the Renaissance, and his views were not replaced systematically until the Enlightenment and theories such as classical mechanics. In metaphysics, Aristotelianism profoundly influenced Judeo-Islamic philosophical and theological thought during the Middle Ages and continues to influence Christian theology, especially the Neoplatonism of the Early Church and the scholastic tradition of the Roman Catholic Church. Aristotle was well known among medieval Muslim intellectuals", "title": "Western canon" }, { "id": "12933252", "text": "Seven Sages of Greece, started this movement by predicting a solar eclipse that actually occurred, though some believe this feat to be false. The Greek city of Miletus was the birthplace of Greek philosophy and Western scientific thought. Their culture combined the best of a resurgent Greek civilization with borrowings from Egypt and the Middle East. Internally, the politics of the Milesians were of faction, strife, and bloody revolution; externally, they were neighbored by two powerful empires in the Lydians and Persians. Despite these unfavorable circumstances, the Milesians were commercially indefatigable. With its three harbors and progeny of daughter colonies,", "title": "Ionian Enlightenment" }, { "id": "11022353", "text": "philosophers such as Smith, but fundamentally challenged established conceptions. After Hegel's death in 1831, 19th-century philosophy largely turned against idealism in favor of varieties of philosophical naturalism, such as the positivism of Auguste Comte, the empiricism of John Stuart Mill, and the historical materialism of Karl Marx. Logic began a period of its most significant advances since the inception of the discipline, as increasing mathematical precision opened entire fields of inference to formalization in the work of George Boole and Gottlob Frege. Other philosophers who initiated lines of thought that would continue to shape philosophy into the 20th century include:", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "11022373", "text": "is always in a state of being deferred, making an ultimate interpretation impossible. Structuralism came to dominate Continental philosophy throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, encompassing thinkers as diverse as Claude Lévi-Strauss, Roland Barthes and Jacques Lacan. Post-structuralism came to predominate from the 1970s onwards, including thinkers such as Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Gilles Deleuze and even Roland Barthes; it incorporated a critique of structuralism's limitations. Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that began in the United States around 1870. It asserts that the truth of beliefs consists in their usefulness and efficacy rather than their correspondence with reality. Charles Sanders", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "7308981", "text": "idea of the separation between the ideal world of the forms and the imperfect world of their physical manifestations to the Christian division between the imperfect body and the higher soul was at first the dominant school of thought. However, in the 12th century the works of Aristotle were reintroduced to the West, which resulted in a new school of inquiry known as scholasticism, which emphasized scientific observation. Two important philosophers of this period were Saint Anselm and Saint Thomas Aquinas, both of whom were concerned with proving God's existence through philosophical means. The Summa Theologica by Aquinas was one", "title": "History of Western civilization" }, { "id": "794039", "text": "his possessions and was imprisoned in Syria. Nicocles of Sido, the commander of Demetrius' fleet surrendered the city. Lysimachus dominated until 281 BC, when he was defeated by the Seleucids at the Battle of Corupedium. In 280/279 BC the Milesians adopted a new chronological system based on the Seleucids. In 279 BC the city was taken from Seleucid king Antiochus II by Egyptian king Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who donated a large area of land to cement their friendship, and it remained under Egyptian sway until the end of the century. Aristides of Miletus, founder of the bawdy Miletian school of", "title": "Miletus" }, { "id": "17136", "text": "of his writings survived the Hellenistic Age, but no record of these documents currently exist. As one of the three Milesian philosophers that were considered the first revolutionary thinkers of the Western world, he is best known and identified as a younger friend or student of Anaximander. Much of his astronomical thought was based on Anaximander’s, but he altered Anaximander’s astrological ideas to better fit his own philosophical views on physics and the natural world. The Ionian school was the first school on record that encouraged their pupils to constructively criticize their master’s teachings, which aptly demonstrated a tolerance toward", "title": "Anaximenes of Miletus" }, { "id": "1468042", "text": "all animal life; much was made of the correspondence between mathematics and the cosmos in a musical harmony. Pythagoras believed that behind the appearance of things, there was the permanent principle of mathematics, and that the forms were based on a transcendental mathematical relation. Heraclitus must have lived after Xenophanes and Pythagoras, as he condemns them along with Homer as proving that much learning cannot teach a man to think; since Parmenides refers to him in the past tense, this would place him in the 5th century BCE. Contrary to the Milesian school, which posits one stable element as the", "title": "Ancient Greek philosophy" }, { "id": "2351512", "text": "mental engagement with nature certainly predates civilization and the record of history. Philosophical, and specifically non-religious thought about the natural world, goes back to ancient Greece. These lines of thought began before Socrates, who turned from his philosophical studies from speculations about nature to a consideration of man, viz., political philosophy. The thought of early philosophers such Parmenides, Heraclitus, and Democritus centered on the natural world. In addition, three presocratic philosophers who lived in the Ionian town of Miletus (hence the Milesian School of philosophy,) Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes, attempted to explain natural phenomena without recourse to creation myths involving", "title": "Natural philosophy" }, { "id": "11022341", "text": "Although his friends offered to help him escape from prison, he chose to remain in Athens and abide by his principles. His execution consisted of drinking the poison hemlock and he died in 399 BC. Plato was a student of Socrates. Plato founded the Academy of Athens and wrote a number of dialogues, which applied the Socratic method of inquiry to examine philosophical problems. Some central ideas of Plato's dialogues are the immortality of the soul, the benefits of being just, that evil is ignorance, and the Theory of Forms. Forms are universal properties that constitute true reality and contrast", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "3133188", "text": "and questions about the nature of identity (particularly the nature of identity over time). The earliest recorded Western philosophy of time was expounded by the ancient Egyptian thinker Ptahhotep (c. 2650–2600 BC) who said: The \"Vedas\", the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy, dating back to the late 2nd millennium BC, describe ancient Hindu cosmology, in which the universe goes through repeated cycles of creation, destruction, and rebirth, with each cycle lasting 4,320,000 years. Ancient Greek philosophers, including Parmenides and Heraclitus, wrote essays on the nature of time. Incas regarded space and time as a single concept, named", "title": "Philosophy of space and time" }, { "id": "11017395", "text": "also increasingly discussed in Latin by Romans such as Cicero and Seneca. Medieval philosophy (5th–16th centuries) is the period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire and was dominated by the rise of Christianity and hence reflects Judeo-Christian theological concerns as well as retaining a continuity with Greco-Roman thought. Problems such as the existence and nature of God, the nature of faith and reason, metaphysics, the problem of evil were discussed in this period. Some key Medieval thinkers include St. Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Boethius, Anselm and Roger Bacon. Philosophy for these thinkers was viewed as an aid to Theology", "title": "Philosophy" }, { "id": "14384785", "text": "Medieval philosophy Medieval philosophy is a term used to refer to the philosophy that existed through the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century to the Renaissance in the 15th century. Medieval philosophy, understood as a project of independent philosophical inquiry, began in Baghdad, in the middle of the 8th century, and in France, in the itinerant court of Charlemagne, in the last quarter of the 8th century. It is defined partly by the process of rediscovering the ancient culture developed in Greece and Rome during the Classical period,", "title": "Medieval philosophy" }, { "id": "6318627", "text": "a distinction between the Milesian school and the Ionian, which includes the philosophies of both the Milesians and other distinctly different Ionian thinkers such as Heraclitus. The Ionian School contains these three philosophers that form the Milesian School as well as a few more who were added on during the 5th Century, but the Ionian School looked more into the thought behind everything while the Milesian School was more focused on nature. See also: Pre-Socratic philosophy. Milesian school The Milesian school () was a school of thought founded in the 6th century BC. The ideas associated with it are exemplified", "title": "Milesian school" }, { "id": "310783", "text": "Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos () was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, Western philosophy. Knowledge of his life is clouded by legend, but he appears to have been the son of Mnesarchus, a seal engraver on the island of Samos. Modern scholars disagree regarding Pythagoras's education and influences, but they do agree that, around 530 BC, he travelled to Croton, where he founded a school in which initiates were sworn to secrecy and lived", "title": "Pythagoras" }, { "id": "14173535", "text": "(55–135 AD), Marcus Aurelius (121–180 AD), Clement of Alexandria (150–215 AD), Alcinous (2nd century AD), Sextus Empiricus (3rd century AD), Alexander of Aphrodisias (3rd century AD), Ammonius Saccas (3rd century AD), Plotinus (205–270 AD), Porphyry (232–304 AD), Iamblichus (242–327 AD), Themistius (317–388 AD), Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD), Proclus (411–485 AD), Philoponus of Alexandria (490–570 AD), Damascius (462–540 AD), Boethius (472–524 AD), and Simplicius of Cilicia (490–560 AD). Roman philosophy was heavily influenced by that of Greece. Italian Medieval philosophy was mainly Christian, and included several important philosophers and theologians such as St Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas was the student of", "title": "Italian philosophy" }, { "id": "12933256", "text": "their opinions and gave arguments for their views. For the most part, they were concerned not to advance opinions, but to advance reasoned opinions. This school of thought is made up of the philosophies of three Presocratic philosophers: Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes. These philosophers all hailed from the Greek city state of Miletus and are known as the first philosophers. Their philosophy is what started the Ionian Intellectual Revolution. According to Aristotle, Thales of Miletus was the “Founder of Natural Philosophy.” Even though he is recognized as the founder of philosophy much of what we know about him and his", "title": "Ionian Enlightenment" }, { "id": "11022340", "text": "a visit to the Oracle of Delphi he spent much of his life questioning anyone in Athens who would engage him, in order to disprove the oracular prophecy that there would be no man wiser than Socrates. Socrates used a critical approach called the \"elenchus\" or Socratic method to examine people's views. He aimed to study human things: the good life, justice, beauty, and virtue. Although Socrates wrote nothing himself, some of his many disciples wrote down his conversations. He was tried for corrupting the youth and impiety by the Greek democracy. He was found guilty and sentenced to death.", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "11909", "text": "Anaximander Anaximander (; \"Anaximandros\"; was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia (in modern-day Turkey). He belonged to the Milesian school and learned the teachings of his master Thales. He succeeded Thales and became the second master of that school where he counted Anaximenes and, arguably, Pythagoras amongst his pupils. Little of his life and work is known today. According to available historical documents, he is the first philosopher known to have written down his studies, although only one fragment of his work remains. Fragmentary testimonies found in documents after his death provide a portrait", "title": "Anaximander" }, { "id": "17137", "text": "new ideas and logic for their time. Thales taught Anaximander, and Anaximander taught Anaximenes. Each philosopher developed a distinct system of cosmology without completely rejecting their teacher’s view of universe or creating major disagreement between them. Anaximenes, like others in his school of thought, practiced material monism. This tendency to identify one specific underlying reality made up of a material thing is what Anaximenes is principally known for today. Anaximenes was the last known Milesian philosopher, as Miletus was taken over by the Persian army in 494 BC. Because none of his works contain theological references, there is no evidence", "title": "Anaximenes of Miletus" }, { "id": "11022347", "text": "technical studies in logic, metaphysics, and theology towards eclectic inquiries into morality, philology, and mysticism. The study of the classics and the humane arts generally, such as history and literature, enjoyed a scholarly interest hitherto unknown in Christendom, a tendency referred to as humanism. Displacing the medieval interest in metaphysics and logic, the humanists followed Petrarch in making man and his virtues the focus of philosophy. At the point of passage from Renaissance into early/classical modern philosophy, the dialogue was used as a primary style of writing by Renaissance philosophers, such as Giordano Bruno. How much of Renaissance intellectual history", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "7333379", "text": "Hinduism. The Carvaka, Nyaya, Vaisheshika schools originated in the 7th, 6th, and 2nd century BCE, respectively. Western metaphysical naturalism has originated in ancient Greek philosophy. The earliest pre-Socratic philosophers, especially the Milesians (Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes) and the atomists (Leucippus and Democritus), were labeled by their peers and successors \"the \"physikoi\"\" (from the Greek φυσικός or \"physikos\", meaning \"natural philosopher,\" borrowing on the word φύσις or \"physis\", meaning \"nature\") because they investigated natural causes, often excluding any role for gods in the creation or operation of the world. This eventually led to fully developed systems such as Epicureanism, which sought", "title": "Metaphysical naturalism" }, { "id": "1468038", "text": "air, although John Burnet argues that by this he meant that it was a transparent mist, the \"aether\". Despite their varied answers, the Milesian school was searching for a natural substance that would remain unchanged despite appearing in different forms, and thus represents one of the first scientific attempts to answer the question that would lead to the development of modern atomic theory; \"the Milesians,\" says Burnet, \"asked for the \"φύσις\" of all things.\" Xenophanes was born in Ionia, where the Milesian school was at its most powerful, and may have picked up some of the Milesians' cosmological theories as", "title": "Ancient Greek philosophy" }, { "id": "17135", "text": "Anaximenes of Miletus Anaximenes of Miletus (; ; ) was an Ancient Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher active in the latter half of the 6th century BC. The details of his life are obscure and undocumented because none of his work has been preserved. Anaximenes’s ideas and philosophies are known today because of comments made by Aristotle and other writers on the history of Greek Philosophy. Apollodurus noted the dates Anaximander was alive in relation to defining historical events, and estimated Anaximenes’s lifespan to occur in same time period that Cyrus beat Croesus in the Battle of Thymbra in 546 BCE. Some", "title": "Anaximenes of Miletus" }, { "id": "11898", "text": "Ancient philosophy This page lists some links to ancient philosophy. In Western philosophy, the spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire marked the ending of Hellenistic philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of Medieval philosophy, whereas in Eastern philosophy, the spread of Islam through the Arab Empire marked the end of Old Iranian philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of early Islamic philosophy. Genuine philosophical thought, depending upon original individual insights, arose in many cultures roughly contemporaneously. Karl Jaspers termed the intense period of philosophical development beginning around the 7th century and concluding around the 3rd century BCE an Axial", "title": "Ancient philosophy" }, { "id": "11022368", "text": "(\"being\" and \"not being\" are resolved with \"becoming\"). This program of acceptance and reconciliation of contradictions is known as the \"Hegelian dialectic\". Philosophers influenced by Hegel include Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach, who coined the term projection as pertaining to humans' inability to recognize anything in the external world without projecting qualities of ourselves upon those things; Karl Marx; Friedrich Engels; and the British idealists, notably T. H. Green, J. M. E. McTaggart and F. H. Bradley. Few 20th-century philosophers have embraced idealism. However, quite a few have embraced Hegelian dialectic. Immanuel Kant's \"Copernican Turn\" also remains an important philosophical concept today.", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "411137", "text": "philosopher who adopted many principles of the Milesian school, especially the single material principle, which he identified as air. He explained natural processes in reference to the rarefactions and condensations of this primary substance. He also adopted Anaxagoras' cosmic thought. The Sophists held that all thought rests solely on the apprehensions of the senses and on subjective impression, and that therefore we have no other standards of action than convention for the individual. Specializing in rhetoric, the Sophists were more professional educators than philosophers. They flourished as a result of a special need at that time for Greek education. Prominent", "title": "Pre-Socratic philosophy" }, { "id": "17144", "text": "this conclusion. His analogies often connected parallels between man and the cosmos, insinuating that the same natural laws observable on earth applied to the heavens. Over 2000 years later, Isaac Newton proved this to be true. Throughout history, Anaximenes’s observations proved helpful to uncover powerful theories, such as quantum physics and chemical properties. By the end of the Milesian philosophy era, there were many questions left unanswered; this sparked the stimulation of Pre-socratic thought to continue through many other notable philosophers such as Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus, and Democritus. Anaximenes greatest influence is not from his theories of matter, but instead", "title": "Anaximenes of Miletus" }, { "id": "11022354", "text": "The three major contemporary approaches to academic philosophy are analytic philosophy, Continental philosophy and pragmatism. They are neither exhaustive nor mutually exclusive. The 20th century deals with the upheavals produced by a series of conflicts within philosophical discourse over the basis of knowledge, with classical certainties overthrown, and new social, economic, scientific and logical problems. 20th century philosophy was set for a series of attempts to reform and preserve, and to alter or abolish, older knowledge systems. Seminal figures include Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, and Jean-Paul Sartre. The publication of Husserl's \"Logical Investigations\" (1900–1) and Russell's", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "1468056", "text": "and Stoic teachers before renouncing all previous philosophers (including Democritus, on whose atomism the Epicurean philosophy relies). The philosophic movements that were to dominate the intellectual life of the Roman empire were thus born in this febrile period following Socrates' activity, and either directly or indirectly influenced by him. They were also absorbed by the expanding Muslim world in the 7th through 10th centuries AD, from which they returned to the West as foundations of Medieval philosophy and the Renaissance, as discussed below. Plato was an Athenian of the generation after Socrates. Ancient tradition ascribes thirty-six dialogues and thirteen letters", "title": "Ancient Greek philosophy" }, { "id": "310858", "text": "universalis\" is a recurring theme throughout Thoreau's \"magnum opus\", \"Walden\". Footnotes Citations Only a few relevant source texts deal with Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans; most are available in different translations. Later texts usually build solely upon information in these works. Classical sources Modern secondary sources Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos () was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, Western philosophy. Knowledge of his life is clouded by legend, but he appears to have been the", "title": "Pythagoras" }, { "id": "406749", "text": "and the written were commonly read or known by all educated men in the region. Aristotle's philosophy had a distinct stamp: it professed the theory of matter and form, which modern scholastics have dubbed hylomorphism. Though once very widespread, it was not generally adopted by rationalist and modern science, as it mainly is useful in metaphysical analyses, but does not lend itself to the detail that is of interest to modern science. It is not clear that the theory of matter and form existed as early as Thales, and if it did, whether Thales espoused it. While some historians, like", "title": "Thales of Miletus" }, { "id": "7308980", "text": "universities. During the High Middle Ages, Chartres Cathedral operated the famous and influential Chartres Cathedral School. The medieval universities of Western Christendom were well-integrated across all of Western Europe, encouraged freedom of enquiry and produced a great variety of fine scholars and natural philosophers, including Robert Grosseteste of the University of Oxford, an early expositor of a systematic method of scientific experimentation; and Saint Albert the Great, a pioneer of biological field research The Italian University of Bologna is considered the oldest continually operating university. Philosophy in the High Middle Ages focused on religious topics. Christian Platonism, which modified Plato's", "title": "History of Western civilization" }, { "id": "3421850", "text": "Renaissance philosophy The designation \"Renaissance philosophy\" is used by scholars of intellectual history to refer to the thought of the period running in Europe roughly between 1355 and 1650 (the dates shift forward for central and northern Europe and for areas such as Spanish America, India, Japan, and China under European influence). It therefore overlaps both with late medieval philosophy, which in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was influenced by notable figures such as Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, William of Ockham, and Marsilius of Padua, and early modern philosophy, which conventionally starts with René Descartes and his publication of", "title": "Renaissance philosophy" }, { "id": "1341239", "text": "Eastern philosophy Eastern philosophy or Asian philosophy includes the various philosophies that originated in East and South Asia including Chinese philosophy, Japanese philosophy, and Korean philosophy which are dominant in East Asia and Vietnam, and Indian philosophy (including Buddhist philosophy) which are dominant in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet and Mongolia. Indian philosophy refers to ancient philosophical traditions (; 'world views', 'teachings') of the Indian subcontinent. Jainism may have roots dating back to the times of the Indus Valley Civilization. The major orthodox schools arose sometime between the start of the Common Era and the Gupta Empire. These Hindu schools", "title": "Eastern philosophy" }, { "id": "250123", "text": "seems to have been important. The first named Greek philosopher, according to Aristotle, is Thales of Miletus, early 6th century BCE. He made use of purely physical explanations to explain the phenomena of the world rather than the mythological and divine explanations of tradition. He is thought to have posited water as the single underlying principle (or \"Arche in later Aristotelian terminology) of the material world\". His fellow, but younger Miletians, Anaximander and Anaximenes, also posited monistic underlying principles, namely apeiron (the indefinite or boundless) and air respectively. Another school was the Eleatics, in southern Italy. The group was founded", "title": "Metaphysics" }, { "id": "5872618", "text": "Ionian School (philosophy) The Ionian school of Pre-Socratic philosophy was centred in Miletus, Ionia in the 6th century BC. Miletus and its environs was a thriving mercantile melting pot of current ideas of the time. The Ionian School included such thinkers as Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Heraclitus, Anaxagoras, and Archelaus. The collective affinity of this group was first acknowledged by Aristotle who called them \"physiologoi\" (φυσιολόγοι), meaning 'those who discoursed on nature'. The classification can be traced to the second-century historian of philosophy Sotion. They are sometimes referred to as cosmologists, since they were largely physicalists who tried to explain the", "title": "Ionian School (philosophy)" }, { "id": "11022360", "text": "The later work of Russell and the philosophy of Willard Van Orman Quine are influential exemplars of the naturalist approach dominant in the second half of the 20th century. But the diversity of analytic philosophy from the 1970s onward defies easy generalization: the naturalism of Quine and his epigoni was in some precincts superseded by a \"new metaphysics\" of possible worlds, as in the influential work of David Lewis. Recently, the experimental philosophy movement has sought to reappraise philosophical problems through social science research techniques. Some influential figures in contemporary analytic philosophy are: Timothy Williamson, David Lewis, John Searle, Thomas", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "11945", "text": "lecture examines the ontological difference and the oblivion of Being or \"Dasein\" in the context of the Anaximander fragment. Heidegger's lecture is, in turn, an important influence on the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. According to the \"Suda\": Anaximander Anaximander (; \"Anaximandros\"; was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus, a city of Ionia (in modern-day Turkey). He belonged to the Milesian school and learned the teachings of his master Thales. He succeeded Thales and became the second master of that school where he counted Anaximenes and, arguably, Pythagoras amongst his pupils. Little of his life and work is known", "title": "Anaximander" }, { "id": "794035", "text": "into slavery, killing the men, and expelling all of the young men as eunuchs, thereby assuring that no Miletus citizen would ever be born again. A year afterward, Phrynicus produced the tragedy \"The Capture of Miletus\" in Athens. The Athenians fined him for reminding them of their loss. In 479 BC the Greeks decisively defeated the Persians on the Greek mainland at the Battle of Plataea, and Miletus was freed of Persian rule. During this time several other cities were formed by Milesian settlers, spanning across what is now Turkey and even as far as Crimea. The city's gridlike layout", "title": "Miletus" }, { "id": "1830938", "text": "Tower of Babel. His son Nel weds Scota, daughter of an Egyptian pharaoh, and they have a son named Goídel Glas. Goídel crafts the Goidelic (Gaelic) language from the original 72 languages that arose after the confusion of tongues. Goídel's offspring, the Goidels (Gaels), leave Egypt at the same time as the Israelites (the Exodus) and settle in Scythia. After some time they leave Scythia and spend 440 years wandering the Earth, undergoing a series of trials and tribulations akin to those of the Israelites, who spent 40 years wandering in the wilderness. Eventually, they reach Hispania by sea and", "title": "Milesians (Irish)" }, { "id": "1341243", "text": "the Indian subcontinent, surviving in the Himalayan regions and south India. The early modern period saw the flourishing of Navya-Nyāya (the 'new reason') under philosophers such as Raghunatha Siromani (c. 1460–1540) who founded the tradition, Jayarama Pancanana, Mahadeva Punatamakara and Yashovijaya (who formulated a Jain response). The principal Indian philosophical schools are classified as either orthodox or heterodox – āstika or nāstika – depending on one of three alternate criteria: whether it believes the Vedas are a valid source of knowledge; whether the school believes in the premises of Brahman and Atman; and whether the school believes in afterlife and", "title": "Eastern philosophy" }, { "id": "2078762", "text": "Continental philosophy Continental philosophy is a set of 19th- and 20th-century philosophical traditions from mainland Europe. This sense of the term originated among English-speaking philosophers in the second half of the 20th century, who used it to refer to a range of thinkers and traditions outside the analytic movement. Continental philosophy includes the following movements: German idealism, phenomenology, existentialism (and its antecedents, such as the thought of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche), hermeneutics, structuralism, post-structuralism, deconstruction, French feminism, psychoanalytic theory, and the critical theory of the Frankfurt School and related branches of Western Marxism. It is difficult to identify non-trivial claims that", "title": "Continental philosophy" }, { "id": "11900", "text": "Age of Chinese philosophy because a broad range of thoughts and ideas were developed and discussed freely. The thoughts and ideas discussed and refined during this period have profoundly influenced lifestyles and social consciousness up to the present day in East Asian countries. The intellectual society of this era was characterized by itinerant scholars, who were often employed by various state rulers as advisers on the methods of government, war, and diplomacy. This period ended with the rise of the Qin Dynasty and the subsequent purge of dissent. The Book of Han lists ten major schools, they are: The founder", "title": "Ancient philosophy" }, { "id": "10002788", "text": "Eastern philosophy in clinical psychology Eastern philosophy in clinical psychology refers to the influence of Eastern philosophies on the practice of clinical psychology based on the idea that East and West are false dichotomies. Travel and trade along the Silk Road brought ancient texts and mind practices deep into the West. Vedic psychology dates back 5000 years and forms the core of mental health counselling in the Ayurvedic medical tradition. The knowledge that enlightened Siddhartha Gautama was the self-management of mental suffering through mindfulness awareness practices. Humane interpersonal care of the mentally disturbed was practiced in the Middle East in", "title": "Eastern philosophy in clinical psychology" }, { "id": "14904043", "text": "on their own over the centuries. Eurocentric philosophers such as Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel agree upon Greek being the only birthplace of philosophy and traditions such as the Chinese or Indian ones are only teachings of wisdom. Others speak of more than one birthplace and include Asian traditions. Karl Jaspers, a German psychiatrist and philosopher, developed the theory of an axial age, referring to the period from 800 BCE to 200 BCE, during which philosophical thinking evolved in China, Indian and the Occident. Jasper's theory is widely accepted by those philosophising interculturally. In contrast to any eurocentrism there are those", "title": "Intercultural philosophy" }, { "id": "11022352", "text": "and early 20th-century thinking, such as the work of Friedrich Nietzsche. The 19th century took the radical notions of self-organization and intrinsic order from Goethe and Kantian metaphysics, and proceeded to produce a long elaboration on the tension between systematization and organic development. Foremost was the work of Hegel, whose \"Phenomenology of Spirit\" (1807) and \"Science of Logic\" (1813–16) produced a \"dialectical\" framework for ordering of knowledge. As with the 18th century, developments in science arose from philosophy and also challenged philosophy: most importantly the work of Charles Darwin, which was based on the idea of organic self-regulation found in", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "1341273", "text": "which focused on laws, realpolitik and bureaucratic management. Largely ignoring morality or idealized views of how society should be, they focused on pragmatic government through the power of the autocrat and state. Their goal was achieving increased order, security and stability. They were initially influenced by Mohist ideas. A key figure of this school was administrator and political philosopher Shen Buhai (c. 400–337 BC). Another central figure, Shang Yang (390–338 BC), was a leading statesman and reformer who transformed the Qin state into the dominant power that conquered the rest of China in 221 BC. Shen's successor Han Fei (c.", "title": "Eastern philosophy" }, { "id": "5394320", "text": "A History of Western Philosophy A History of Western Philosophy is a 1945 book by philosopher Bertrand Russell. A survey of Western philosophy from the pre-Socratic philosophers to the early 20th century, it was criticised for Russell's over-generalization and omissions, particularly from the post-Cartesian period, but nevertheless became a popular and commercial success, and has remained in print from its first publication. When Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950, \"A History of Western Philosophy\" was cited as one of the books that won him the award. Its success provided Russell with financial security for the last", "title": "A History of Western Philosophy" }, { "id": "618534", "text": "Age is used to describe history between 800 and 200 BC of Eurasia, including Ancient Greece, Persia, India and China. Widespread trade and communication between distinct regions in this period, including the rise of the Silk Road. This period saw the rise of philosophy and proselytizing religions. Philosophy, religion and science were diverse in the Hundred Schools of Thought producing thinkers such as Confucius, Lao Tzu and Mozi during the sixth century BC. Similar trends emerged throughout Eurasia in India with the rise of Buddhism, in the Near East with Zoroastrianism and Judaism and in the west with Ancient Greek", "title": "Ancient history" }, { "id": "11022379", "text": "Natural lawyers like Grisez and George applied Thomistic legal principles to contemporary ethical debates, while Freeman proposed that Thomism's cognition was most compatible with neurodynamics. Analytical Thomism (Haldane) encourages dialogue between analytic philosophy and broadly Aristotelian philosophy of mind, psychology and hylomorphic metaphysics. Other contemporary Thomists include Stump, MacIntyre and Finnis. Western philosophers have often been divided into some major branches, or schools, based either on the questions typically addressed by people working in different parts of the field, or notions of ideological undercurrents. In the ancient world, the most influential division of the subject was the Stoics' division of", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "1341279", "text": "during the third to sixth centuries CE. The most important philosophers of this movement were He Yan, Wang Bi, the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, Ge Hong and Guo Xiang. Thinkers like He Yan and Wang Bi focused on the deep nature of Tao, which they saw as being best exemplified by the term \"Wu\" (nothingness, non-being, negativity). Other schools rose to prominence throughout Chinese history, such as the Shangqing school during the Tang dynasty (618–907), the Lingbao school during the Song dynasty (960–1279) and the Quanzhen School which develop during the 13th-14th centuries and during the Yuan dynasty.", "title": "Eastern philosophy" }, { "id": "11022357", "text": "their defense of realism and the emphasis they laid on the legitimacy of analysis. Russell's classic works \"The Principles of Mathematics\", \"On Denoting\" and \"Principia Mathematica\" (with Alfred North Whitehead), aside from greatly promoting the use of mathematical logic in philosophy, set the ground for much of the research program in the early stages of the analytic tradition, emphasizing such problems as: the reference of proper names, whether 'existence' is a property, the nature of propositions, the analysis of definite descriptions, and discussions on the foundations of mathematics. These works also explored issues of ontological commitment and metaphysical problems regarding", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "11022356", "text": "20th century. The term \"analytic philosophy\" roughly designates a group of philosophical methods that stress detailed argumentation, attention to semantics, use of classical logic and non-classical logics and clarity of meaning above all other criteria. Though the movement has broadened, it was a cohesive school in the first half of the century. Analytic philosophers were shaped strongly by logical positivism, united by the notion that philosophical problems could and should be solved by attention to logic and language. Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore are also often counted as founders of analytic philosophy, beginning with their rejection of British idealism,", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "11914", "text": "very likely that leaders of Miletus sent him there as a legislator to create a constitution or simply to maintain the colony's allegiance. Anaximander lived the final few years of his life as a subject of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Anaximander's theories were influenced by the Greek mythical tradition, and by some ideas of Thales – the father of philosophy – as well as by observations made by older civilizations in the East (especially by the Babylonian astrologers). All these were elaborated rationally. In his desire to find some universal principle, he assumed, like traditional religion, the existence of a", "title": "Anaximander" }, { "id": "11022365", "text": "meaningless or absurd world. Many existentialists have also regarded traditional systematic or academic philosophy, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience. Although they did not use the term, the 19th-century philosophers Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche are widely regarded as the fathers of existentialism. Their influence, however, has extended beyond existentialist thought. Transcendental idealism, advocated by Immanuel Kant, is the view that there are limits on what can be understood, since there is much that cannot be brought under the conditions of objective judgment. Kant wrote his \"Critique of Pure Reason\" (1781–1787) in", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "14150697", "text": "and lack of reliability serves as the modern basis of criticism—that it is nearly impossible to know the real Socrates. Some controversy also exists about Socrates's attitude towards homosexuality and as to whether or not he believed in the Olympian gods, was monotheistic, or held some other religious viewpoint. However, it is still commonly taught and held with little exception that Socrates is the progenitor of subsequent Western philosophy, to the point that philosophers before him are referred to as pre-Socratic. Socrates Socrates (; , ; – 399 BC) was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the", "title": "Socrates" }, { "id": "1581428", "text": "the Western Middle Ages. It begins already with Luther's colleague Philip Melanchthon, who turned from Luther's \"sola Scriptura\" to philosophical theology; but Protestant Scholasticism's Reformed variants are diverse. There were no real alternatives until Herman Dooyeweerd and D. H. Th. Vollenhoven in the last century. Christian philosophy Christian philosophy is a development in philosophy that is characterised by coming from a Christian tradition. Hellenism is the traditional designation for the Greek culture of the Roman Empire in the days of Jesus, Paul, and for centuries after. Classical philosophies of the Greeks had already expired and diluted beyond recognition except for", "title": "Christian philosophy" }, { "id": "1468036", "text": "because he gave a cosmogony that John Burnet calls him the \"first man of science,\" but because he gave a naturalistic explanation of the cosmos and supported it with reasons. According to tradition, Thales was able to predict an eclipse and taught the Egyptians how to measure the height of the pyramids. Thales inspired the Milesian school of philosophy and was followed by Anaximander, who argued that the substratum or \"arche\" could not be water or any of the classical elements but was instead something \"unlimited\" or \"indefinite\" (in Greek, the \"apeiron\"). He began from the observation that the world", "title": "Ancient Greek philosophy" }, { "id": "14384787", "text": "logic, and metaphysics. The Medieval Era was disparagingly treated by the Renaissance humanists, who saw it as a barbaric \"middle period\" between the Classical age of Greek and Roman culture, and the \"rebirth\" or \"renaissance\" of Classical culture. Modern historians consider the medieval era to be one of philosophical development, heavily influenced by Christian theology. One of the most notable thinkers of the era, Thomas of Aquinas, never considered himself a philosopher, and criticized philosophers for always \"falling short of the true and proper wisdom\". The problems discussed throughout this period are the relation of faith to reason, the existence", "title": "Medieval philosophy" }, { "id": "13514319", "text": "all of reality can be derived from a single principle, \"the One\". After Plotinus there were three distinct periods in the history of Neoplatonism: the work of his student Porphyry; that of Iamblichus and his school in Syria; and the period in the fifth and sixth centuries, when the Academies in Alexandria and Athens flourished. Neoplatonism had an enduring influence on the subsequent history of philosophy. In the Middle Ages, Neoplatonic ideas were studied and discussed by Islamic, Christian, and Jewish thinkers. In the Islamic cultural sphere, Neoplatonic texts were available in Arabic translations, and notable thinkers such as al-Farabi,", "title": "Neoplatonism" }, { "id": "11022377", "text": "is usually only taught in Continental departments. However, other sources state that process philosophy should be placed somewhere in the middle between the poles of analytic versus Continental methods in contemporary philosophy. Largely Aristotelian in its approach and content, Thomism is a philosophical tradition that follows the writings of Thomas Aquinas. His work has been read, studied and disputed since the 13th century, especially by Roman Catholics. Aquinas enjoyed a revived mainstream interest beginning in contemporary philosophy, among both atheists (Philippa Foot) and theists (Elizabeth Anscombe). Thomist philosophers tend to be rationalists in epistemology, as well as metaphysical realists and", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "11017396", "text": "(\"ancilla theologiae\") and hence they sought to align their philosophy with their interpretation of sacred scripture. This period saw the development of Scholasticism, a text critical method developed in medieval universities based on close reading and disputation on key texts. The Renaissance period saw increasing focus on classic Greco-Roman thought and on a robust Humanism. Early modern philosophy in the Western world begins with thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes and René Descartes (1596–1650). Following the rise of natural science, Modern philosophy was concerned with developing a secular and rational foundation for knowledge and moved away from traditional structures of authority", "title": "Philosophy" }, { "id": "1629081", "text": "the Neoplatonists from Plato. The work of Neoplatonic philosophy involved describing the derivation of the whole of reality from a single principle, \"the One.\" It was founded by Plotinus, and has been very influential throughout history. In the Middle Ages, Neoplatonic ideas were integrated into the philosophical and theological works of many of the most important medieval Islamic, Christian, and Jewish thinkers. Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499) believed that Hermes Trismegistos, the supposed author of the \"Corpus Hermeticum\", was a contemporary of Mozes and the teacher of Pythagoras, and the source of both Greek and Jewish-Christian thought. He argued that there is", "title": "Perennial philosophy" }, { "id": "15425", "text": "the West and it continues to be central to the contemporary philosophical discussion. Little is known about his life. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics and government – and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left", "title": "Aristotle" }, { "id": "310794", "text": "formative years, Samos was a thriving cultural hub known for its feats of advanced architectural engineering, including the building of the Tunnel of Eupalinos, and for its riotous festival culture. It was a major center of trade in the Aegean where traders brought goods from the Near East. According to Christiane L. Joost-Gaugier, these traders almost certainly brought with them Near Eastern ideas and traditions. Pythagoras's early life also coincided with the flowering of early Ionian natural philosophy. He was a contemporary of the philosophers Anaximander, Anaximenes, and the historian Hecataeus, all of whom lived in Miletus, across the sea", "title": "Pythagoras" }, { "id": "454764", "text": "by the philosophy and mythological cosmogonies of the ancient Near East, as well as Indian Vedanta philosophy, but philosophy, as we understand it, is a Greek creation.\" Plato was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition, unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries. Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist. His writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater,", "title": "Western canon" }, { "id": "794034", "text": "F. E. Peters described \"pan-deism\" as \"the legacy of the Milesians.\" By the 6th century BC, Miletus had earned a maritime empire with many colonies, but brushed up against powerful Lydia at home, and the tyrant Polycrates of its neighbor to the west, Samos. When Cyrus of Persia defeated Croesus of Lydia in the middle of the 6th century BC, Miletus fell under Persian rule. In 499 BC Miletus's tyrant Aristagoras became the leader of the Ionian Revolt against the Persians under Darius the Great, who quashed this rebellion and punished Miletus by selling all of the women and children", "title": "Miletus" }, { "id": "794031", "text": "written in Linear B syllabic script. During the collapse of Bronze Age civilization, Miletus was burnt again, presumably by the Sea Peoples. Mythographers told that Neleus, a son of Codrus the last King of Athens, had come to Miletus after the \"Return of the Heraclids\" (so, during the Greek Dark Ages). The Ionians killed the men of Miletus and married their widows. This is the mythical commencement of the enduring alliance between Athens and Miletus, which played an important role in the subsequent Persian Wars. The city of Miletus became one of the twelve Ionian cities of Asia Minor. Miletus", "title": "Miletus" }, { "id": "11022358", "text": "time, the nature of matter, mind, persistence and change, which Russell often tackled with the aid of mathematical logic. Gottlob Frege's \"The Foundations of Arithmetic\" (1884) was the first analytic work, according to Michael Dummett (\"Origins of Analytical Philosophy\" (1993)). Frege took \"the linguistic turn,\" analyzing philosophical problems through language. Some analytic philosophers held that philosophical problems arise through misuse of language or because of misunderstandings of the logic of human language. In 1921, Ludwig Wittgenstein, who studied under Russell at Cambridge, published his \"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus\", which gave a rigidly \"logical\" account of linguistic and philosophical issues. Years later, he", "title": "Western philosophy" }, { "id": "406738", "text": "Many philosophers followed Thales' lead in searching for explanations in nature rather than in the supernatural; others returned to supernatural explanations, but couched them in the language of philosophy rather than of myth or of religion. Looking specifically at Thales' influence during the pre-Socratic era, it is clear that he stood out as one of the first thinkers who thought more in the way of \"logos\" than \"mythos\". The difference between these two more profound ways of seeing the world is that \"mythos\" is concentrated around the stories of holy origin, while \"logos\" is concentrated around the argumentation. When the", "title": "Thales of Miletus" }, { "id": "11899", "text": "Age in human thought. Chinese philosophy is the dominant philosophical thought in China and other countries within the East Asian cultural sphere that share a common language, including Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. The Hundred Schools of Thought were philosophers and schools that flourished from the 6th century to 221 BCE, an era of great cultural and intellectual expansion in China. Even though this period – known in its earlier part as the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period – in its latter part was fraught with chaos and bloody battles, it is also known as the Golden", "title": "Ancient philosophy" }, { "id": "237798", "text": "over this matter raged in German scholarship for many years at the close of the 19th century. Furthermore, in his \"Corpus Democriteum\", Thrasyllus of Alexandria, an astrologer and writer living under the emperor Tiberius (14–37 CE), compiled a list of writings on atomism that he attributed to Democritus to the exclusion of Leucippus. The present consensus among the world's historians of philosophy is that this Leucippus is historical. The matter must remain moot unless more information is forthcoming from the record. Leucippus was most likely born in Miletus, although Abdera and Elea are also mentioned as possible birthplaces. Leucippus was", "title": "Leucippus" }, { "id": "1341263", "text": "Bhattacharya and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan have had a large impact on modern Indian philosophy. Jainism also had its modern interpreters and defenders, such as Virchand Gandhi, Champat Rai Jain, and Shrimad Rajchandra (well known as a spiritual guide of Mahatma Gandhi). Buddhist philosophy begins with the thought of Gautama Buddha (fl. between sixth and fourth centuries BCE) and is preserved in the early Buddhist texts. It generally refers to the philosophical investigations that developed among various Buddhist schools in India and later spread throughout Asia through the silk road. Buddhist thought is trans-regional and trans-cultural. It is the dominant philosophical tradition", "title": "Eastern philosophy" }, { "id": "344682", "text": "sanctioned in law and societal norms until the middle of the 19th century. The publications of Charles Darwin would eventually erode the Cartesian view of animals. Darwin argued that the continuity between humans and other species opened the possibilities that animals did not have dissimilar properties to suffer. Descartes has often been dubbed the father of modern Western philosophy, the thinker whose approach has profoundly changed the course of Western philosophy and set the basis for modernity. The first two of his \"Meditations on First Philosophy\", those that formulate the famous methodic doubt, represent the portion of Descartes' writings that", "title": "René Descartes" }, { "id": "3641389", "text": "century BCE), known as the fordmakers of Jainism lived during this age. They propagated the religion of sramanas (previous Tirthankaras) and influenced Indian philosophy by propounding the principles of ahimsa (non-violence), karma, samsara and asceticism. Buddhism, also of the sramana tradition of India, was another of the world's most influential philosophies, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, or the Buddha, who lived during this period; its spread was aided by Ashoka, who lived late in the period. In China, the Hundred Schools of Thought were in contention and Confucianism and Taoism arose during this era, and in this area it remains a", "title": "Axial Age" } ]

[ "Jennifer Holliday" ]

[ { "id": "8696653", "text": "1982 for which it became a number-one R&B hit for Holliday. Jennifer Hudson portrayed Effie in the 2006 film adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\", winning an Oscar for the role. Hudson's version became a Top 20 R&B single, and a number-one dance hit. In 1982, Jennifer Holliday, the actress who portrayed Effie in the original Broadway production, released the song as a single. It was her first single release and it met with great success, topping the \"Billboard\" R&B charts and attaining top forty positions on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. In 1983, Holliday won the Grammy", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "5475913", "text": "Jennifer Holliday Jennifer Yvette Holliday (born October 19, 1960) is an American singer and actress. She started her career on Broadway in musicals such as \"Dreamgirls\" (1981–83), \"Your Arms Too Short to Box with God\" (1980–81) and later became a successful recording artist. She is best known for her debut single, the \"Dreamgirls\" number and rhythm-and-blues/pop hit, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", for which she won a Grammy in 1983. She also won a 1982 Tony Award for \"Dreamgirls\". Holliday landed her first big role on Broadway in 1979 at age 19, the same day she auditioned", "title": "Jennifer Holliday" }, { "id": "8696651", "text": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" (also known in short as just \"And I Am Telling You\") is a torch song from the Broadway musical \"Dreamgirls\", with lyrics by Tom Eyen and music by Henry Krieger. In the context of the musical, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" is sung by the character Effie White, a singer with the girl group The Dreams, to her manager, Curtis Taylor Jr., whose romantic and professional relationship with Effie is quickly ending. The lyrics to \"And I Am Telling You I'm", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "8696664", "text": "out-sing each other, ultimately resulting in embarrassing Martin. In \"Britain's Got Talent\" 2017, Sarah Ikumu sang this song as her audition piece. It won her the Golden Buzzer from Simon Cowell which got her an unchallenged pass into the live finals. Jennifer Holliday version Rosabel with Jennifer Holliday version Jennifer Hudson version And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" (also known in short as just \"And I Am Telling You\") is a torch song from the Broadway musical \"Dreamgirls\", with lyrics by Tom Eyen and music by Henry Krieger. In the", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "4778169", "text": "#1 single on the \"Billboard\" R&B charts in 1982. For the \"Dreamgirls\" original cast recording, the producers decided to present the complex musical sequences as individual songs, cutting approximately half of the score. The cast recording won two Grammy awards, Best Musical Album and Best Vocal Performance for Jennifer Holliday's \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\". Bennett took \"Dreamgirls\" on an abbreviated national tour in 1983, with Jennifer Holliday remaining as Effie, with Larry Riley, Linda Leilani Brown, Arnetia Walker, Lawrence Clayton, and Cleavant Derricks' twin brother Clinton Derricks-Carroll as her co-stars. Because of high costs, only three", "title": "Dreamgirls" }, { "id": "8696652", "text": "Not Going\", often considered the show's signature tune, describe Effie's love for Curtis, both strongly devoted and defiant. She refuses to let Curtis leave her behind, and boldly proclaims to him, \"I'm staying and you ... you're gonna love me.\" In addition to its presence in the musical, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" is also notable as the debut single of two women who portrayed Effie. Jennifer Holliday originated the role on Broadway in 1981 and won a Tony Award for her performance as well as the Grammy for Best R&B Performance, Female for its re-release in", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "8696655", "text": "a Broadway musical since Ethel Merman sang \"Everything's Coming Up Roses\" at the end of Act I of \"\"\" \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" remains Holliday's signature song. \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was recorded in 2006 by former \"American Idol\" contestant Jennifer Hudson, who portrayed Effie White in the DreamWorks/Paramount motion picture adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\". Her recording of the song, the \"Dreamgirls\" film soundtrack's second single, peaked at number 60 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and number 14 on the R&B chart. Hudson won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "8696660", "text": "in 1996. This last release would finally take the track to number 27 on the UK Singles Chart in February of that year. On November 20, 2007, the original master, Produced by critically acclaimed Eve Nelson, was released digitally by Breaking Records and is available on all major download sites. Jake Gyllenhaal performed it on \"Saturday Night Live\" shortly after the film's release in a pastiche of Jennifer Hudson. He wore a wig and a black sequined dress, with three of the female regulars on SNL as his \"backup singers\", dressed in red glittery dresses, heels, and wigs. In 2006,", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "9320931", "text": "was nominated for thirteen Tony Awards, including two for Eyen: Best Book and Best Original Score. The show won six Tonys, including Best Book. It also earned Eyen a Drama Desk Award nomination for Outstanding Lyrics. The original cast album won Eyen a Grammy Award as lyricist, and one of the show's songs, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", as sung by Holliday, became a hit. In 1984, Eyen sought to duplicate his \"Dreamgirls\" success with \"Kicks: The Showgirl Musical\", a collaboration with composer Alan Menken about the Rockettes during World War II. The show never made it", "title": "Tom Eyen" }, { "id": "9356084", "text": "The dance remix of \"And I Am Telling You...\" was produced by Craig C. All songs written by Henry Krieger and Tom Eyen. All songs written by Henry Krieger and Tom Eyen. Notes Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album is the cast album for the original Broadway production of the musical \"Dreamgirls\", which debuted at the Imperial Theatre on December 20, 1981. The album was issued by David Geffen, a co-financier of the musical and later producer of its 2006 film adaptation, on his Geffen Records label during the winter of 1982. The \"Dreamgirls\" cast album", "title": "Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album" }, { "id": "8696657", "text": "with a voice like the young Aretha.\" On June 26, 2007, the 7th Annual BET Awards opened with Jennifer Holliday and Jennifer Hudson performing \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" live in their first duet together. Although it in essence is Hudson's first single release, it became her fourth top 75 hit in the United Kingdom after a performance on \"The X Factor\" in 2009 after being sung by Danyl Johnson. Hudson performed the song again at the 85th Academy Awards, as part of the \"Dreamgirls\" section in the tribute to movie musicals. A club remix was created", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "19700442", "text": "Who Am I Telling You? \"Who Am I Telling You?\" is a song written by American singer-songwriter J. J. Cale who recorded the tune together with British rock guitarist Eric Clapton for their 2006 collaborative release \"The Road to Escondido\" for Duck- and Reprise Records. The song, which is of four minute and eight second duration, features lead slide guitar playing by Derek Trucks from The Derek Trucks Band and The Allman Brothers Band and is written in the key of F major. The song was recorded in August 2005 during the sessions for \"The Road to Escondido\". Journalist Philip", "title": "Who Am I Telling You?" }, { "id": "5475915", "text": "Telling You I'm Not Going.\" Among the acclaim was Holliday's sweep of awards in 1982, including the Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical, a Grammy Award for her recorded version of the song, and Drama Desk and Theater World awards for her acting performance. Holliday also performed in the touring company of \"Sing, Mahalia, Sing\" in 1985. In 1998, Holliday was featured on the album, \"My Favorite Broadway Ladies\" as one of \"The Queens of Broadway.\" Holliday's version of the song \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" made her a star on Broadway and catapulted", "title": "Jennifer Holliday" }, { "id": "8696659", "text": "\"Ring the Alarm\". Whitney Houston performed the song at the beginning of a medley with \"I Have Nothing\" at the 1994 American Music Awards. This performance is included on her 2014 CD/DVD release, \"\". Houston also performed the tune as part of the set list during her Bodyguard Tour in 1993. In 1994, Donna Giles scored a minor club hit in the US and UK with her rendition of the song. The track remained a sleeper club hit in the UK throughout 1995, prompting a spate of re-releases and remixes, including Stonebridge, culminating in a major release on Ore Records", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "8696661", "text": "the then 12-year-old Bianca Ryan sang this song at her first audition on \"America's Got Talent\". Ryan subsequently won the contest that year. In 2009, it was performed by Amber Riley as her character Mercedes Jones in the first-season \"Glee\" episode \"Sectionals\". \"American Idol\" runner-up Jessica Sanchez performed the song as one of her two songs in the Top 4. Her performance during the Top 4 was praised by Jennifer Holliday. She later performed the song with Holliday during the finale of the show's eleventh season in 2012. Dami Im, the 2013 winner of the Australian version of \"The X", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "6995956", "text": "soundtrack, supported by a music video featuring Beyoncé. \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was the \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack's second single. Though a music video with all-original footage was once planned, the video eventually released for \"And I Am Telling You\" comprised the entire corresponding scene in the actual film. \"Dreamgirls\" premiered on December 4, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, where it received a standing ovation. The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at the Wilshire Theater in Beverly Hills. Similar to the releases of older Hollywood musicals such as \"The Sound", "title": "Dreamgirls (film)" }, { "id": "2788883", "text": "over hundreds of professional singers and actresses, including Fantasia Barrino. Filming of \"Dreamgirls\" began on January 9, 2006, and the film went into limited release on December 25, 2006, and national release on January 12, 2007. Hudson has won particular praise for her show-stopping onscreen rendition of the hit song, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", the signature song of the role, which had earlier been recorded, and had already reached the status of musical standard, because of the definitive performance of Jennifer Holliday. \"The New York Observer\" described Hudson's performance of the song as \"five mellifluous, \"molto", "title": "Jennifer Hudson" }, { "id": "9560838", "text": "success, and was nominated for thirteen Tony Awards (including Best Score), winning six. One of its songs, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" became a top hit, and others became popular songs. The won Krieger a Grammy Award. Two years later, in 1983, Krieger's musical \"The Tap Dance Kid\", with lyrics by Robert Lorick, opened at Broadway's Broadhurst Theatre and went on to win two Tony Awards. Nearly 15 years later, his next Broadway musical, \"Side Show\", with book and lyrics by Bill Russell, opened at the Richard Rodgers Theatre in 1997. \"Side Show\" received four Tony nominations,", "title": "Henry Krieger" }, { "id": "8661504", "text": "Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2006 film \"Dreamgirls\". The album was released by Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records on December 5, 2006 in two versions: a single-disc standard release, and a two-disc deluxe edition. The one-disc version includes highlights from the film's songs, including \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", \"One Night Only\", and \"Listen\", while the two disc version includes all songs present in the film alongside several bonus tracks. Harvey Mason, Jr. and Damon Thomas of the production team The Underdogs served", "title": "Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture" }, { "id": "8658073", "text": "I Am Changing \"I Am Changing\" is a song from the second act of the long-running Broadway musical \"Dreamgirls\". Written by Henry Krieger and Tom Eyen, the song was performed by the character Effie White, originally portrayed on Broadway by Jennifer Holliday. \"I Am Changing\" tells the story of a woman who wants to leave behind the mistakes of her past and \"change my life\"—she sings, \"I need you, I need a hand\" and \"I need a friend to help me start all over again\". After the unexpected success of Holliday's first single, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not", "title": "I Am Changing" }, { "id": "12073262", "text": "a [[Golden Globe Award]], a [[BAFTA Award]] and a [[Screen Actors Guild Award]]. Hudson won particular praise for her show-stopping onscreen rendition of the hit song, \"[[And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going]]\", the [[signature song]] of the role. Her rendition entered the [[Billboard Hot 100|\"Billboard\" Hot 100]] at number 98 in the January 13, 2007, issue and was Hudson's first top ten hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot Adult R&B Airplay chart on February 24, 2007. In September 2006, Hudson performed the song \"Over It\" live on [[WFLD|Fox Chicago]] \"Morning News\". In the interview, she said that the song", "title": "Jennifer Hudson (album)" }, { "id": "8696656", "text": "Actress for her performance in \"Dreamgirls\"; she thanked Holliday in her acceptance speech. The song can be heard on her debut album \"Jennifer Hudson\" (2008). Hudson's version received outstanding reviews from multiple movie and music critics, which highlighted her strength as both a vocalist and an actress. \"New York Observer\" described Hudson's performance as \"five mellifluous, molto vibrato minutes...\" \"Newsweek\" said that when moviegoers hear Hudson sing the song, she \"is going to raise goose bumps across the land.\" \"Variety\" wrote that Hudson's performance \"calls to mind debuts like Barbra Streisand in \"Funny Girl\" or Bette Midler in \"The Rose\",", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "9356082", "text": "many numbers were truncated or excised in order to fit onto one long-playing vinyl record. A 2006 special edition remastered version, issued to tie-in with both the musical's 25th anniversary and the DreamWorks/Paramount-produced \"Dreamgirls\" feature film adaptation, adds three previously unissued tracks from the original recording sessions. Also included is a bonus disc featuring instrumental mixes (prepared for personal appearances by the cast) and a dance version of the musical's signature number, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\". Pop music producer David Foster served as producer of the cast album, which peaked at #11 on the \"Billboard\" 200,", "title": "Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album" }, { "id": "9320932", "text": "past the workshop stage, though individual numbers from the show have been performed in concert. A film adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\", written and directed by Bill Condon, was released in 2006 by DreamWorks and Paramount Pictures. Two of Eyen's songs from the soundtrack, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", as sung by Jennifer Hudson, and \"One Night Only\", as sung by Beyoncé Knowles, became hits. To promote the film's release, DreamWorks and the licensee of the musical, The Tams-Witmark Music Library, paid the licensing fees for all non-professional stage performances of \"Dreamgirls\" in 2006. As a result, more than", "title": "Tom Eyen" }, { "id": "8696658", "text": "for this single, engineered by Richie Jones and Eric Kupper, and appears as a bonus track on the \"Deluxe Edition\" of the \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack album. This version of Hudson's \"And I Am Telling You\" was a chart success, reaching the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Play chart in early 2007. A shortened edit of the full remix appeared on a Columbia Records promotional-only CD accompanying the Jones & Kupper remix of another \"Dreamgirls\" song, the Beyoncé Knowles/Anika Noni Rose/Sharon Leal/Jennifer Hudson rendition of \"One Night Only\". Also included were the Freemasons remixes of Beyoncé's singles \"Déjà Vu\" and", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "9766559", "text": "I Can't Begin to Tell You \"I Can't Begin to Tell You\" is a popular song with music written by James V. Monaco and lyrics by Mack Gordon. The song was published in 1945. The song was introduced by John Payne and reprised by Betty Grable in the film \"The Dolly Sisters.\" The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1946 but lost out to “On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe”. A version by Bing Crosby was the best-known recording, reaching its peak of popularity in 1945. The recording by Bing Crosby (with", "title": "I Can't Begin to Tell You" }, { "id": "8661508", "text": "from the album's booklet. Technical and production Orchestra Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2006 film \"Dreamgirls\". The album was released by Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records on December 5, 2006 in two versions: a single-disc standard release, and a two-disc deluxe edition. The one-disc version includes highlights from the film's songs, including \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", \"One Night Only\", and \"Listen\", while the two disc version includes all songs present in the film alongside several bonus tracks. Harvey Mason, Jr. and Damon", "title": "Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture" }, { "id": "5475922", "text": "Lisa Knowles, often singing popular ballads. In 2001, she sang \"America The Beautiful\" on the first WWE pay-per-view to be held after the September 11 terrorist attacks. On June 26, 2007, Holliday made a surprise appearance at the BET Awards, singing \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" in a duet with Jennifer Hudson, who had played Effie White in the 2006 film adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\", and won an Oscar for her performance. Holliday had not been offered a cameo role in the film and, feeling snubbed, had repeatedly expressed displeasure with the movie in the media. (Another original", "title": "Jennifer Holliday" }, { "id": "5475924", "text": "\"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" alongside \"American Idol\" finalist Jessica Sanchez during the \"American Idol\" Season 11 finale. On August 31, 2018 Jennifer Holliday closed the show, performing at Aretha Franklin's Funeral Service: \"Remembering The Queen Of Soul's Beautiful Life\". She appeared following the Lord's Prayer during the tenth hour of the event in Detroit at Greater Grace Temple. TIME posted the webstream on YOUTUBE. <nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4Jd34x9jek</nowiki> Ms. Holliday's eight minute version of Aretha's song, CLIMBING HIGHER MOUNTAINS is a traditional composition with choir. Aretha Franklin's recording is a gospel legend from the 1972 live album AMAZING GRACE.", "title": "Jennifer Holliday" }, { "id": "4297337", "text": "Only You (And You Alone) \"Only You (And You Alone)\" (often shortened to \"Only You\") is a pop song composed by Buck Ram. It was originally recorded by The Platters with lead vocals by Tony Williams in 1955. The Platters first recorded the song for Federal Records on May 20, 1954, but the recording was not released. In 1955, after moving to Mercury Records, the band re-recorded the song (on April 26) and it scored a major hit when it was released in May. In November that year, Federal Records released the original recording as a single (B-side - \"You", "title": "Only You (And You Alone)" }, { "id": "4778168", "text": "1,521 performances. The production was directed by Michael Bennett, produced by Bennett, Bob Avian, Geffen Records, and The Shubert Organization, and choreographed by Bennett and Michael Peters. It starred Sheryl Lee Ralph as Deena Jones, Jennifer Holliday as Effie White, Loretta Devine as Lorrell Robinson, Ben Harney as Curtis Taylor, Jr., Cleavant Derricks as James \"Thunder\" Early, and Obba Babatundé as C. C. White. \"Dreamgirls\" proved to be a star-making vehicle for several of its performers, particularly Holliday, whose performance as Effie received significant praise. Holliday's recording of Effie's solo \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was a", "title": "Dreamgirls" }, { "id": "8696654", "text": "Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female for the single. \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was designed as the closing number of \"Dreamgirls\"' first act. Holliday's performance of the song, in a style owing much to gospel music singing traditions, was regularly staged to thunderous applause; it was hailed as the highlight of the show in several printed reviews of the musical. In his review of \"Dreamgirls' \"opening night performance, \"New York Times\" theatre critic Frank Rich referred to Holliday's \"And I Am Telling You\" as \"one of the most powerful theatrical coups to be found in", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "5558714", "text": "piano and drums, at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London. The session took place on 2 June 1966, the day after Harrison met Indian classical musician Ravi Shankar for the first time and secured Shankar's agreement to help him master the sitar. The band recorded five takes of the song before Harrison selected the third of these for further work. After reduction to a single track on the four-track master tape, their performance consisted of Harrison on lead guitar, treated with a Leslie effect, McCartney on piano and Ringo Starr on drums, with Lennon adding tambourine. The group then overdubbed", "title": "I Want to Tell You" }, { "id": "17567518", "text": "Tell Mama (song) \"Tell Mama\" is a song written by Clarence Carter, Marcus Daniel and Wilbur Terrell (though some recordings give the sole songwriting credit to Carter). It is best known in its 1967 recording by Etta James. An earlier version of the song was first recorded in 1966 by Carter, as \"Tell Daddy\". Carter co-wrote \"Tell Daddy\", and recorded it at the FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, on 4 October 1966. His recording, released on the Fame label, became Carter's first chart hit, reaching no.35 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart in early 1967. Etta James was persuaded by", "title": "Tell Mama (song)" }, { "id": "8068965", "text": "Singing Contest in Hong Kong. She went on to win the contest, performing the songs from the 1945 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical \"Carousel\" and \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" from the musical \"Dreamgirls\". In 1990, Velasquez signed a contract with Vicor Music and released her second studio album, \"Nineteen 90\". Velasquez worked with Louie Ocampo who provided the musical arrangement for the album's lead single \"Narito Ako\", a song originally recorded and performed by Maricris Belmont and written by Nonong Pedero for the 1978 Metro Manila Popular Music Festival. In July1990, Velasquez headlined her first major concert", "title": "Regine Velasquez" }, { "id": "2788884", "text": "vibrato\" minutes that have suddenly catapulted Ms. Hudson... into the position of front-runner for the best supporting actress Oscar\". \"Newsweek\" said that when moviegoers hear Hudson sing the song, she, \"is going to raise goose bumps across the land.\" \"Variety\" magazine wrote that Hudson's performance \"calls to mind debuts like Barbra Streisand in \"Funny Girl\" or Bette Midler in \"The Rose\", with a voice like the young Aretha\". Hudson's version of \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" debuted at number 98 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the January 13, 2007, issue. The \"Dreamgirls\" track became Hudson's first", "title": "Jennifer Hudson" }, { "id": "9766561", "text": "by Columbia Records as catalog number 36867. It first reached the \"Billboard\" Best Seller chart on December 27, 1945, and lasted 3 weeks on the chart, peaking at #9. The flip side, \"Waitin' for the Train to Come In,\" also charted, reaching #10 in its only week on the chart. A version by Sammy Kaye and His Orchestra (vocal by Nancy Norman) also reached the Billboard charts, peaking at No. 9 in 1946. The song was used in the 1949 film \"You're My Everything\". Willie Nelson recorded a country genre version of the song for his album \"Without a Song\"", "title": "I Can't Begin to Tell You" }, { "id": "6995951", "text": "maple syrup, and cayenne pepper (also known as the Master Cleanse), Knowles rapidly lost twenty pounds, which she gained back once production ended. Shooting was completed in the early-morning hours of April 8, 2006, after four days were spent shooting Jennifer Hudson's musical number \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", which had purposefully been saved until the end of the shoot. Originally scheduled to be shot in one day, Condon was forced to ask for extra time and money to finish shooting the \"And I Am Telling You\" scene, as Hudson's voice would give out after four hours", "title": "Dreamgirls (film)" }, { "id": "10579783", "text": "Everlasting Love (Vanessa Williams album) Everlasting Love is the seventh studio album (eighth overall) by Vanessa Williams, released in the United States on January 25, 2005 by Lava Records. Produced entirely by Rob Mathes, the album contains cover versions of 1970s soul love songs (except for the final track, which is an original song), such as \"You Are Everything\"—released as a single—, \"Show and Tell\", and the title track originally performed by Rufus and Chaka Khan. The album received rave reviews and has sold 60,000 copies to date. The album peaked at number one hundred and fifty-nine on the \"Billboard\"", "title": "Everlasting Love (Vanessa Williams album)" }, { "id": "8658074", "text": "Going\", \"I Am Changing\" was released as the second single from the \"Dreamgirls\" cast album. However, the song didn't perform as well as \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", peaking at #22 on Billboard's Black Singles Chart and failing to chart on Billboard's Pop Singles Chart. \"I Am Changing\" has been covered several times. Whitney Houston performed the song at the 10th Anniversary of Arista Records ceremony in 1984. This performance is included on her 2010 CD/DVD reissue of \"Whitney Houston – The Deluxe Anniversary Edition\". She also performed the song during the duration of her Greatest Love", "title": "I Am Changing" }, { "id": "8661364", "text": "at being considered merely Curtis' property. Used in the film as a last-minute recording by Deena before leaving Curtis \"to find her own voice as a newly independent woman\", co-writer Anne Preven called \"Listen\" a song which \"Deena is exclaiming, 'You don't know who I am, and I know I do.'\" While working on the script adaptation for \"Dreamgirls\", screenwriter/director Bill Condon felt the second half of the film needed a song. The \"emotional punch\" of \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" led him to ask the musical team for \"Dreamgirls\" \"to create a new and equally moving", "title": "Listen (Beyoncé song)" }, { "id": "9356083", "text": "while peaking at #4 on Billboard's Black Albums Chart. It is the highest charting Broadway Cast Recording in history on the Billboard 200. http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6114223/idina-menzels-ifthen-scores-show-stopping-chart-debut In 1983, the album won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album, and Jennifer Holliday received the Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female for \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\". In 1993, the album was certified gold by the RIAA, and to date has sold over 500,000 copies in the US. The special edition version of the cast album was issued by Decca Broadway and Hip-O Records on November 21, 2006.", "title": "Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album" }, { "id": "6995952", "text": "of shooting the musical number, and she was unable to plausibly lip-sync while hoarse. The scene was felt by everyone involved to be pivotal to the film, as \"And I Am Telling You\" was Jennifer Holliday's show-stopping number in the original Broadway musical. \"Dreamgirls\" musical supervisors Randy Spendlove and Matt Sullivan hired R&B production team The Underdogs — Harvey Mason, Jr. and Damon Thomas — to restructure and rearrange the Henry Krieger/Tom Eyen \"Dreamgirls\" score so that it better reflected its proper time period, yet also reflected then-modern R&B/pop sensibilities. During post-production, composer Stephen Trask was contracted to provide additional", "title": "Dreamgirls (film)" }, { "id": "4103388", "text": "performed mainly by Martin, with Lewis joining in and then followed by the other characters in the scene. It received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Song of that year, but it lost to \"Secret Love\" from \"Calamity Jane\" starring Doris Day. The track that was used for the single released by Capitol Records was recorded on August 13, 1953, (Session 3098; Master 11694-6) at Capitol Records' studios at 5505 Melrose Avenue, Hollywood, California, with the orchestra conducted by Dick Stabile. On November 7, 1953, Martin's record of the song, with \"You're the Right One\" (which was", "title": "That's Amore" }, { "id": "17578609", "text": "also featured as one of the tracks on the album. Another duet on the album is \"And I Am Telling You\" with Nicole Scherzinger, which Bailey originally performed on the \"X Factor\" final. On 18 February 2014, the song \"Compass\" received its debut airplay on BBC Radio 2. On 30 March, the album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, making Bailey the first \"X Factor\" winner to have a number-one album since Alexandra Burke topped the chart with her debut album \"Overcome\" in October 2009. The album sold 72,644 copies in its first week, making it the", "title": "Sam Bailey" }, { "id": "8696662", "text": "Factor\", performed this song as one of her final three songs. Her performance received a rapturous response from all four judges and the audience. All four judges stood up on the judges table as an indication of their overwhelming adulation of her exquisite performance while the audience applauded strongly for 70 seconds. Her performance debuted number 29 on the Australian ARIA Charts. On 1 December 2013, Im released a version of the song as part of her self-titled album, which debuted at number one in Australia, and was certified Platinum. Also in 2013, Sam Bailey performed it with Nicole Scherzinger", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "4951169", "text": "died January 17, 2012, after a long illness. Dixon is now the only surviving, and active, founding member of the original group. Following the death of Freddie Gorman in 2006, longtime member Hank Dixon and Hank's daughter Terrie Dixon reformed The Originals as a live touring act, with Freddie's son songwriter and producer Dillon F. Gorman, plus the son of Gene Chandler, Defrantz Forrest, to complete the line-up. The Originals (band) The Originals, often called \"Motown's best-kept secret,\" were a successful Motown R&B and soul group during the late 1960s and the 1970s, most notable for the hits \"Baby, I'm", "title": "The Originals (band)" }, { "id": "4297341", "text": "filmed on top of the Capitol Records building in Los Angeles. Lennon's vocal version appears on his \"Anthology\" box set, in 1998. Only You (And You Alone) \"Only You (And You Alone)\" (often shortened to \"Only You\") is a pop song composed by Buck Ram. It was originally recorded by The Platters with lead vocals by Tony Williams in 1955. The Platters first recorded the song for Federal Records on May 20, 1954, but the recording was not released. In 1955, after moving to Mercury Records, the band re-recorded the song (on April 26) and it scored a major hit", "title": "Only You (And You Alone)" }, { "id": "2757490", "text": "rumors circulated regarding the actor's sexual orientation. When asked about such gossip during an interview, Gyllenhaal said: Gyllenhaal narrated the 2005 short animated film \"The Man Who Walked Between the Towers\", based on Mordicai Gerstein's book of the same name about Philippe Petit's famous stunt. In January 2007, as host of \"Saturday Night Live\", he put on a sparkly evening dress and sang \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" from the musical \"Dreamgirls\" for his opening monologue, dedicating the song to his \"unique fan base... the fans of \"Brokeback\"\". In 2007, Gyllenhaal starred in David Fincher's mystery thriller", "title": "Jake Gyllenhaal" }, { "id": "11018032", "text": "stardom. The dancing by Freddie and the band during this song spawned a minor dance fad, \"The Freddie\". I'm Telling You Now \"I'm Telling You Now\" is a song by Freddie Garrity and Mitch Murray, originally performed by Freddie and the Dreamers, that hit number one on the American \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1965. Murray also wrote songs for other British artists during the 1960s, including Gerry and the Pacemakers, Manfred Mann, and Georgie Fame. \"I'm Telling You Now\" was first released in 1963 on Capitol Records, USA/Canada and on Columbia, UK/India/Netherlands/Sweden, but was not successful. Two years later, Capitol's", "title": "I'm Telling You Now" }, { "id": "11608593", "text": "Around the second year of being on \"Star Search\" he started focusing on the lyrics, \"I didn't even pay attention to the lyrics when I was 12, 13.\" Archuleta's competing on \"Star Search\" was preceded by an appearance on \"The Jenny Jones Show,\" meeting the finalists from \"American Idol\"'s first season, for whom he performed a spontaneous a cappella rendition of \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" from \"Dreamgirls.\" He received praise from Season 1 winner Kelly Clarkson, and the episode led to appearances on CBS's \"The Early Show.\" The year after \"Star Search,\" he found out he", "title": "David Archuleta" }, { "id": "18246982", "text": "were no more singles from the album, but Tiffany sang Jennifer Holliday's \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack song \"And I'm Telling You I'm Not Going\" (also known simply as \"And I'm Telling You\") in her Star Search appearance in February 2003. Tiffany Evans (EP) Tiffany Evans is self-titled debut extended play by American R&B singer-songwriter Tiffany Evans. It was released by Columbia Records with bonus DVD on October 12, 2004 (see 2004 in music. EP contained covers of songs by many popular singers including Stacy Lattisaw, Cyndi Lauper and Shanice. The album's main and only single, a cover of Lattisaw's song \"Let Me", "title": "Tiffany Evans (EP)" }, { "id": "9766560", "text": "Carmen Cavallaro [piano]) was recorded on August 7, 1945 and released by Decca Records as catalog number 23457. It first reached the \"Billboard\" Best Seller chart on November 15, 1945, and lasted 17 weeks on the chart, peaking at #1. The recording by Andy Russell was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 221. It first reached the \"Billboard\" Best Seller chart on December 27, 1945, and lasted 2 weeks on the chart, peaking at #8. The recording by the Harry James orchestra, with Grable (as \"Ruth Haag\", using Grable's real first name and James' middle name) singing, was released", "title": "I Can't Begin to Tell You" }, { "id": "13411088", "text": "For You (Bruce Springsteen song) \"For You\" is a song written and recorded by Bruce Springsteen in 1972 for his debut album \"Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.\", released in 1973. It was later included on the compilation album \"The Essential Bruce Springsteen\". The song has been covered by Manfred Mann's Earth Band, The Format, and Greg Kihn. \"For You\" was recorded at 914 Sound Studios in Blauvelt, New York on June 27, 1972, the same day as the rest of the album except \"Blinded by the Light\" and \"Spirit in the Night\". Musicians participating in these sessions included future E", "title": "For You (Bruce Springsteen song)" }, { "id": "17738774", "text": "Right or Wrong (Wanda Jackson song) \"Right or Wrong\" or \"Right or Wrong (I'll Be with You)\" is a song written and originally recorded by Wanda Jackson, an American country, rock, and Christian music artist. Originally, the song was a major country and pop hit for Jackson in 1961. A second version was released in 1964 that became popular by American Bubblegum pop artist, Ronnie Dove. The song was recorded at the Bradley Film and Recording Studio on October 28, 1960 in Nashville, Tennessee, United States and was produced by Ken Nelson. It was one of Jackson's first recording sessions", "title": "Right or Wrong (Wanda Jackson song)" }, { "id": "2721220", "text": "Without You (Badfinger song) \"Without You\" is a song written by Pete Ham and Tom Evans of British rock group Badfinger, and first released on their 1970 album \"No Dice\". The power ballad has been recorded by over 180 artists, and versions released as singles by Harry Nilsson (1971) and Mariah Carey (1994) became international best-sellers. Paul McCartney once described the ballad as \"the killer song of all time\". In 1972, writers Ham and Evans received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically. First recorded by the rock group Badfinger, the song was composed by", "title": "Without You (Badfinger song)" }, { "id": "8893533", "text": "Lovin' You \"Lovin' You\" is a 1975 song originally performed by American singer Minnie Riperton from her second studio album \"Perfect Angel\" (1974). It was written by Riperton and Richard Rudolph, produced by Rudolph and Stevie Wonder, and released on January 13, 1975. It became a number one hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on April 5, 1975. Additionally, it reached number two on the UK Singles chart, and number three on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. In the US, \"Billboard\" ranked it as the number 13 song for 1975. The song is especially known for Riperton's use of the", "title": "Lovin' You" }, { "id": "5732348", "text": "a standing ovation. Chris Willman of \"Los Angeles Times\" commented on the performance, saying \"Houston's physically stationary, vocally mobile approach to the ballad―backlit behind the mike in a she-got-back-her-figure-flattering gown―effectively heightened the tune's diva dramaturgy, making it an easy highlight in a night otherwise short on compelling performances.\" She also performed a rousing 10-minute-medley of show tunes that ended with the song―\"I Loves You, Porgy\" from \"Porgy and Bess\", \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" from \"Dreamgirls\", and \"I Have Nothing\"―at the 21st Annual American Music Awards, where she won the record eight awards, on February 7, 1994.", "title": "I Have Nothing" }, { "id": "8414395", "text": "Grease: The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture Grease: The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture is the original motion picture soundtrack for the 1978 film \"Grease\". It was originally released by RSO Records and subsequently re-issued by Polydor Records in 1984 and 1991. The song \"You're the One That I Want\" was a US and UK No. 1 for stars John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John. It sold 28 million copies worldwide.Making it one of the best selling albums of all time, also ranking amongst the biggest selling soundtrack albums of all time. Besides performers John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John,", "title": "Grease: The Original Soundtrack from the Motion Picture" }, { "id": "19700443", "text": "D. Huff from \"Twisted Ears\" calls the song \"grand in its simplicity\" where as critic Doug Collette from \"All About Jazz\" praises Truck's slide guitar playing on the song, noting: \"he is readily identifiable on 'Who Am I Telling You?'\" but at the same time thinks that \"neither these, nor other arrangements allow for much extended improvisation during which Trucks–and/or Clapton and Cale.\" In 2016, a live version featuring Clapton and Cale was released on \"Live in San Diego\". Who Am I Telling You? \"Who Am I Telling You?\" is a song written by American singer-songwriter J. J. Cale who", "title": "Who Am I Telling You?" }, { "id": "9885797", "text": "January 1964 at Olympic Studios. Personnel for the session included Bobby Graham on drums, Big Jim Sullivan on guitar, and the Breakaways vocal group. Ivor Raymonde arranged and conducted on the session for which Johnny Franz was the producer. The track was included on Springfield's solo album debuts in the UK: \"A Girl Called Dusty\", and the US: \"Stay Awhile/I Only Want to Be with You\". In February 1964, Springfield met with Burt Bacharach in New York City to listen to other songs to consider recording. Bacharach recalls at that time: \"I [think] I tried to talk her into releasing", "title": "Wishin' and Hopin'" }, { "id": "11018031", "text": "I'm Telling You Now \"I'm Telling You Now\" is a song by Freddie Garrity and Mitch Murray, originally performed by Freddie and the Dreamers, that hit number one on the American \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1965. Murray also wrote songs for other British artists during the 1960s, including Gerry and the Pacemakers, Manfred Mann, and Georgie Fame. \"I'm Telling You Now\" was first released in 1963 on Capitol Records, USA/Canada and on Columbia, UK/India/Netherlands/Sweden, but was not successful. Two years later, Capitol's subsidiary, Tower Records, re-released the song, which became extremely popular and propelled Freddie and the Dreamers to pop-music", "title": "I'm Telling You Now" }, { "id": "7731335", "text": "the cover photo is actually a composite of two separate photos edited together. The single \"Making Plans\" was a top ten single on the U.S. country chart; Parton would re-record it with Linda Ronstadt and Emmylou Harris for their 1987 album \"Trio\". The original master/not overdubbed version of the album track \"If You Say I Can\" had previously been released as the B-side to the non-album single \"Is Forever Long Than Always,\" in April 1976. This was their last single released before Wagoner & Parton's split. In 2014, Bear Family Records released \".\" It contains the complete duet recordings made", "title": "Porter & Dolly" }, { "id": "5794440", "text": "the UK Singles Chart (the longest run of its kind in British chart history). It went on to sell more than 15 million copies worldwide, making it Adams' most successful song and one of the best-selling singles of all time. Subsequently, the song has been covered by hundreds of singers and artists around the world. The musicians on the original recording are Adams on lead vocals and backing vocals, rhythm guitar, Bill Payne (piano), Mickey Curry (drums), Larry Klein (bass), Keith Scott (lead guitar and backing vocals) and Mutt Lange (synthesizers). Based on orchestral music by Kamen, the song was", "title": "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" }, { "id": "6367689", "text": "And the Angels Sing And the Angels Sing (1944) is a musical directed by George Marshall and starring Dorothy Lamour, Fred MacMurray, and Betty Hutton. Released by Paramount Pictures, it is a classic example of a film written to capitalize on the title of a previously popular song, in this case Benny Goodman's 1939 number one hit, \"And the Angels Sing\" by Ziggy Elman and Johnny Mercer, sung by Martha Tilton, though the song is not actually in the film. The standout original songs in the musical were \"It Could Happen To You\", sung by Dorothy Lamour, which quickly became", "title": "And the Angels Sing" }, { "id": "2936705", "text": "first of his singles that was given airplay outside of New Orleans was \"Over You\" (Minit, 1960). Neville's first major hit single was \"Tell It Like It Is\", released on a small New Orleans label, Par-Lo, co-owned by local musician/arranger George Davis, a friend from school, and band-leader Lee Diamond. The song topped \"Billboard\"'s R&B chart for five weeks in 1967 and also reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (behind \"I'm a Believer by the Monkees). It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. It was not the label's only release, as some sources claim.", "title": "Aaron Neville" }, { "id": "8696663", "text": "as her celebrity duet choice during the first part of the tenth-season finale of \"The X Factor\" in the UK. The duet also appeared on her 2014 debut album \"The Power of Love\". In 2015, Jamie Foxx performed an improvised spoof of the song on \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", with the words to \"On Top of Spaghetti\". In an episode of \"Martin\", Gina (Tisha Campbell) performs the song while interrupting Pam's performance of the song \"Home\" (from \"The Wiz\") on Martin's talk show \"Word on the Street\". As they both are auditioning for Biggie Smalls, they attempt to", "title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" }, { "id": "8893539", "text": "re-recorded the song again for her 2006 album \"Every Woman Dreams\". Lovin' You \"Lovin' You\" is a 1975 song originally performed by American singer Minnie Riperton from her second studio album \"Perfect Angel\" (1974). It was written by Riperton and Richard Rudolph, produced by Rudolph and Stevie Wonder, and released on January 13, 1975. It became a number one hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on April 5, 1975. Additionally, it reached number two on the UK Singles chart, and number three on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. In the US, \"Billboard\" ranked it as the number 13 song for", "title": "Lovin' You" }, { "id": "6802957", "text": "McRae and Tori Amos. Following \"Only Women Bleed\", Wagner co-wrote a series of hit power ballads with Alice Cooper, including \"I Never Cry\", \"You And Me\" and \"How You Gonna See Me Now\" (the latter written by Cooper, Wagner and Bernie Taupin). Other songs co-written by Wagner brought him public recognition as a songwriting talent. First \"Shine Silently\" with Nils Lofgren, who performed it originally on his 1979 album \"Nils\", then as part of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band's 1990 eponymous first album. \"Just as I Am\", written by Wagner with Rob Hegel, was a hit record for Air", "title": "Dick Wagner" }, { "id": "5475917", "text": "at #7 in summer of 1999. However, it re-charted the following year, peaking at #1. She continued to appear on the charts throughout the 1990s, but never had the same level of success she had in the 1980s. Holliday was a featured vocalist on the #1 single \"I Want to Know What Love Is\" by Foreigner in 1985. A number of her songs became hits on the US Dance charts as well. A dance version of \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" peaked at #6 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart in 2001. On October 30, 1986,", "title": "Jennifer Holliday" }, { "id": "3675768", "text": "Pentecostal churches, including Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Elvis Presley, Little Richard, and Jerry Lee Lewis. The identity of the first rock and roll record is one of the most enduring subjects of debate among rock historians. Various recordings dating back to the 1940s and 1950s have been cited as the first rock and roll record. A number of sources have considered the first to be \"Rocket 88\", which was recorded in 1951 by Ike Turner and his band, but credited to his saxophonist and the song's vocalist Jackie Brenston. According to \"The Boston Globe\"s Joan Anderman, most rock historians cite it", "title": "Origins of rock and roll" }, { "id": "18281167", "text": "Quintavious Johnson Quintavious Johnson is an American rhythm and blues singer from Franklin, Tennessee. He was a finalist on the ninth season of \"America's Got Talent\" placing fifth in the competition. Quintavious's audition consisted of singing Beyoncé's \"Listen\", which was good enough to send him to Judgment Week. His performance in Judgment Week consisted of singing \"Who's Lovin' You\" by The Jackson 5. His performance was strong enough for the judges to send him to the Quarterfinals. His Week 4 Quarterfinals performance consisted of singing \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" which received enough votes to be sent", "title": "Quintavious Johnson" }, { "id": "6995974", "text": "Compilation Soundtrack Album. For the opening performance at the 2007 BET Awards on June 26 of that year, Hudson performed a duet of \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" with her predecessor, Jennifer Holliday. Later that night, Hudson won the BET Award for Best Actress. To give the story more exposure for the upcoming film release, DreamWorks and the licenser of the original play, The Tams-Witmark Music Library, announced that they would pay the licensing fees for all non-professional stage performances of \"Dreamgirls\" for the calendar year of 2006. DreamWorks hoped to encourage amateur productions of \"Dreamgirls\", and", "title": "Dreamgirls (film)" }, { "id": "12320840", "text": "The Fascinations The Fascinations were an American pop vocal group most active in the mid-1960s. They are best remembered for the Curtis Mayfield-penned hit \"Girls Are Out to Get You\", a minor pop hit in the US in 1967 that was re-released in the UK in 1971, where it reached the top 40. The group was formed in 1960 by Shirley Lawson and Martha Reeves, who originally planned on calling their group The Sabre-ettes. Sisters Joanne and Bernadine Boswell joined the group through an audition process. Fern Bledsoe joined the group right around the time they changed their name to", "title": "The Fascinations" }, { "id": "2721237", "text": "the Ivor Novello Awards. Sources Without You (Badfinger song) \"Without You\" is a song written by Pete Ham and Tom Evans of British rock group Badfinger, and first released on their 1970 album \"No Dice\". The power ballad has been recorded by over 180 artists, and versions released as singles by Harry Nilsson (1971) and Mariah Carey (1994) became international best-sellers. Paul McCartney once described the ballad as \"the killer song of all time\". In 1972, writers Ham and Evans received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically. First recorded by the rock group Badfinger,", "title": "Without You (Badfinger song)" }, { "id": "6159272", "text": "author of the song \"Pride of Man\", which was recorded by a number of artists, notably Quicksilver Messenger Service and Gordon Lightfoot, who included it as one of three covers on his first record. An early Gibson & Camp gospel song, \"You Can Tell the World\" was the opening track on Simon & Garfunkel's first album, \"Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.\" As a singer, Camp had a minor hit with the song \"Here's to You,\" which peaked at number 76 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1968. In 1969 Camp formed a group called The True Brethren with Waqidi Falicoff (guitar,", "title": "Hamilton Camp" }, { "id": "10493207", "text": "lyrics by Alan and Marilyn Bergman, for the film \"John and Mary\". The song was released as a single by A&M Records and was also included on the A&M Records soundtrack LP. Sands' debut album, also named \"Any Way That You Want Me\", was released on A&M in 1970, several months after the single had peaked. Evie made her recorded debut as a songwriter on the album with \"It's This I Am\" - covered years later by Beck and Beth Orton, respectively. A Sands album to be produced by Val Garay for Buddah was announced in March 1971 but did", "title": "Evie Sands" }, { "id": "7334888", "text": "Beverley Knight Beverley Knight, (born Beverley Anne Smith; 22 March 1973) is an English recording artist, radio presenter and musical theatre actress who released her debut album, \"The B-Funk\", in 1995. Heavily influenced by American soul music icons such as Sam Cooke and Aretha Franklin, Knight has released eight studio albums to date. Widely labelled as one of Britain's greatest soul singers, Knight is best known for her hit singles \"Greatest Day\", \"Get Up!\", \"Shoulda Woulda Coulda\" and \"Come as You Are\". In 2006 Knight solidified her transition into the mainstream by starring in the BBC music TV series \"Just", "title": "Beverley Knight" }, { "id": "3135656", "text": "denim jeans, and performed the \"Dreamgirls\" show stopper \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\". Tamyra was featured in print advertisements for the H&M denim and her version of the song played in H&M stores. In 2011, Gray starred in the musical \"Twist,\" a theatrical version of Oliver Twist set in New Orleans during the Depression, that was produced by Debbie Allen at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena, California. The musical was originally scheduled to run from June 14 to July 17, but was extended through July 24 due to strong ticket sales and a string of sold out", "title": "Tamyra Gray" }, { "id": "9766562", "text": "(1983).<br> It was sung by Marty Robbins on his 1978 \"Spotlight\" TV show sitting on stools with Eddie Rabbit and singing songs back and forth in \"duet\".<br> The song has also been recorded by Perry Como (1946), Brook Benton (1959), Jane Morgan (1959), Michael Holliday (1960) and Joni James (1960). I Can't Begin to Tell You \"I Can't Begin to Tell You\" is a popular song with music written by James V. Monaco and lyrics by Mack Gordon. The song was published in 1945. The song was introduced by John Payne and reprised by Betty Grable in the film \"The", "title": "I Can't Begin to Tell You" }, { "id": "4297340", "text": "1974, Ringo Starr covered this song for his album \"Goodnight Vienna\" at the suggestion of John Lennon. This version was released as a single (b/w \"Call Me\") on 11 November in the US, and it became a number six hit on the US Billboard Hot 100 and reached number one on the easy listening chart in early 1975. It was released in the UK on 15 November. Lennon plays acoustic guitar on the track, and recorded a guide vocal which was kept by producer Richard Perry. Harry Nilsson sings harmony vocals and appears with Starr in the amusing music video", "title": "Only You (And You Alone)" }, { "id": "6367692", "text": "Happy's friend in the band, Fuzzy. And the Angels Sing And the Angels Sing (1944) is a musical directed by George Marshall and starring Dorothy Lamour, Fred MacMurray, and Betty Hutton. Released by Paramount Pictures, it is a classic example of a film written to capitalize on the title of a previously popular song, in this case Benny Goodman's 1939 number one hit, \"And the Angels Sing\" by Ziggy Elman and Johnny Mercer, sung by Martha Tilton, though the song is not actually in the film. The standout original songs in the musical were \"It Could Happen To You\", sung", "title": "And the Angels Sing" }, { "id": "4697380", "text": "Shirley Joiner. The choir released the single \"For My Liberty\" in 1982 with her as the featured vocalist. In 1986, Adams was featured on the Edwin Hawkins Music and Arts Seminar Choir released \"Give Us Peace\", with a performance entitled \"My Trust Lies in You\". Later, she signed a recording contract with Sound of Gospel which yielded her first album \"Just As I Am\" in 1987. In 1990, she was discovered by producer/keyboardist Ben Tankard, and signed to his independent label Tribute Records and released \"Through The Storm\". Tankard's goal with Tribute Records during this time was to develop an", "title": "Yolanda Adams" }, { "id": "15712951", "text": "group called themselves by various names, the most notable being \"The Pleasure Fair\" and by 1966 they managed to obtain a recording contract for a single with Hanna Barbera Records under the name \"The Rainy Day People\". \"Junior Executive\" was the \"A\" side, backed with \"I'm Telling It To You\" (both songs written by Cohn, Hallinan and Royer) The group signed a recording contract with Uni Records in 1967 David Gates was hired as the arranger and conductor for the Pleasure Fair's self-titled album. The album comprised twelve songs, eight of which were original compositions by Royer, Hallinan and Cohn", "title": "The Pleasure Fair" }, { "id": "19779171", "text": "House of the Rising Sun\" were both featured in the film \"Jobs\" starring Ashton Kutcher. Their song \"I Want to Tell You\" was included in a scene from the ABC TV series \"Once Upon A Time\". The Brymers were from San Joaquin Valley, California. They were founded by drummer Dick Lee in 1963, originally as the de-Fenders. Lee gathered several friends at Lemoore High School to form the band—all of whom were in the graduating class of that year. The band's earliest lineup consisted of Lee on drums, Bob Virdin on bass, and Ken Valentine on keyboards, as well as", "title": "The Brymers" }, { "id": "10582154", "text": "The Bells (The Originals song) \"The Bells\" is a 1970 single recorded by The Originals for Motown's Soul label, produced by Marvin Gaye and co-written by Gaye, his wife Anna Gordy Gaye, Iris Gordy, and Elgie Stover. Shortly after the release of the Originals' first hit \"Baby, I'm for Real\", Motown issued this similarly produced record, which was a Marvin Gaye production. Gaye had proved skeptics at the label wrong by producing a hit song for another act. Both \"Baby I'm for Real\" and \"The Bells\" set the precedent for Gaye's 1971 landmark album \"What's Going On\". Primarily functioning as", "title": "The Bells (The Originals song)" }, { "id": "15043153", "text": "rock power ballad. To achieve a fuller sound, producer Fraser T Smith incorporated the popular \"wall of sound\" reverberative technique in framing the song's dense instrumentation. \"Take It All,\" the seventh track, written and recorded with Francis \"Eg\" White and Jim Abbiss before the breakdown of Adele's relationship, is a piano and vocal ballad that borrows heavily from pop, soul and gospel. In his review of \"21\", Allmusic's Matt Collar called the song the album's centrepiece, \"an instant-classic\" in the same vein as \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going,\" and \"All by Myself,\" and a \"cathartic moment for", "title": "21 (Adele album)" }, { "id": "8034752", "text": "ranked the song number 287 on their list of the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\". The first two lines of the song are sung, not by Wonder, but by Jim Gilstrap; Lani Groves sings the next two. Gilstrap and Groves, together with Gloria Barley, also provide backing vocals. The single version of the song differs from the album version with the addition of horns to the mix; this version is also included in the greatest hits compilation album \"Stevie Wonder's Original Musiquarium I\". In 2016, Jack White performed an alternative rock version the song with The Muppets for the", "title": "You Are the Sunshine of My Life" }, { "id": "15517403", "text": "on American nationwide television on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on February 18, 2011 after Ellen DeGeneres saw her singing on YouTube and wanted to meet her in person. She was immediately signed to Ellen DeGeneres' record label eleveneleven in March 2011. Savannah came back to the show on March 30, 2011 to perform the song \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" with her favorite singer Jennifer Hudson. Savannah returns to be on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on November 11, 2011 to sing a cover of Christina Aguilera's \"Beautiful\". Savannah appeared singing Mariah Carey's \"All I Want for Christmas", "title": "Savannah Robinson" }, { "id": "10944445", "text": "Eric Clapton). The first cover version of the song was recorded by the Los Angeles band The Byrds on their 1969 album, \"Ballad of Easy Rider\". The song was later recorded by The Doobie Brothers, who included it on their 1972 album, \"Toulouse Street\". The Doobie Brothers' version of the song was released as a single in November 1972 and it became a hit in the United States, peaking at No. 35 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In 1973, American rock band Exile released their self titled debut album which included a cover. In 1992, the Christian rock and hip", "title": "Jesus Is Just Alright" }, { "id": "17740815", "text": "an iTunes bonus for reaching the Top 10 overall songs with her studio version of \"Angel\" by Sarah McLachlan. In the Finals, Lee again received an iTunes bonus from reaching the #9 position with her recording of the Jennifer Holliday song \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going.\" On December 17, 2013 she was declared to have come in 2nd place behind winner Tessanne Chin. After the show, Lee was signed to Lyor Cohen's Label, 300 Entertainment, in partnership with Atlantic Records. She performed her debut single, \"Broken Ones,\" on the Top 5 Results of season 6 of The", "title": "Jacquie Lee" }, { "id": "8485647", "text": "You.\" The best-known versions are those by Matt Monro (No. 10 on the UK's \"Record Retailer\" chart in 1962) and Frank Sinatra (No. 27 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 4 on the Easy Listening chart in 1964). The Sinatra family announced Frank's death on May 14, 1998 by placing an announcement on their website that was accompanied by a recording of the singer's version of the song. When he performed the song live in Las Vegas, Elvis Presley prefaced with a story about the origins of the song. Presley said the song originated when a man was dying", "title": "Softly, as I Leave You (song)" }, { "id": "3305226", "text": "had a hit album in 1972 with \"All Together Now\", which contained the single \"Hold Your Head Up\". His Hammond B3 solo on that track is cited by Rick Wakeman as the greatest organ solo ever. The band also recorded the original version of the rock anthem \"God Gave Rock and Roll to You\", written by lead singer Russ Ballard, which was later covered by other artists including Petra and Kiss. Argent's first album included the song \"Liar\" (also composed by Ballard), which became a hit for Three Dog Night. In 1976, the band broke up. In 1978, Argent released", "title": "Rod Argent" }, { "id": "5475923", "text": "\"Dreamgirls\" cast member, Loretta Devine, did have a cameo in the film.) More recently, it became possible to see Holliday in a YouTube video, singing a duet with Hudson. The two actresses-singers performed their live duet at a concert Hudson gave on April 16, 2009. The YouTube video has been viewed more than 900,000 times as of December 2011. On October 17, 2011 Holliday appeared on \"The Wendy Williams Show\" where, following a sit-down interview, Holliday performed \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" and received a standing ovation from the studio audience. On May 23, 2012 Holliday performed", "title": "Jennifer Holliday" }, { "id": "10318610", "text": "Farm\" was actually performed at the Woodstock Festival in August 1969 as Who Am I But You And The Sun. It was subsequently recorded and retitled for the album. Track timings listed on the original 1970 Windfall Records LP pressings of the album differ slightly from the above, with the notable exception that the listed duration of 4:50 for \"Never in My Life\" is significantly in error. Climbing! Climbing!, also known as Mountain Climbing!, is the official debut studio album by American blues rock band Mountain. Released on March 7, 1970, the album featured the 'classic' Mountain lineup of Leslie", "title": "Climbing!" }, { "id": "10582156", "text": "backing vocals by the group Labelle. Two decades later, 1990s R&B band Color Me Badd covered the song on their 1993 album, \"Time and Chance\". Much like After 7's cover of \"Baby I'm for Real\" two years prior, the song entered the R&B charts again, but didn't prove to be as successful as After 7's venture. The Bells (The Originals song) \"The Bells\" is a 1970 single recorded by The Originals for Motown's Soul label, produced by Marvin Gaye and co-written by Gaye, his wife Anna Gordy Gaye, Iris Gordy, and Elgie Stover. Shortly after the release of the Originals'", "title": "The Bells (The Originals song)" }, { "id": "9843343", "text": "songwriters. They include Nikos Karvelas, Paul Berry, Mark Taylor, Graham Stack, Paul Stanley, Vini Poncia, Steve Torch, Russ Ballard, Tina Shafer, Julian Harris, Danielle Gerber and David Campbell. The album contained three cover versions of tracks originally or later recorded by other artists. \"On A Night Like This\" was originally recorded by Swedish artist Pandora for her 1999 album \"No Regrets\" and later recorded by Kylie Minogue in late 2000 for her album \"Light Years\". \"So In Love with Yourself\" was originally recorded by Dannii Minogue in 1997 for her album \"Girl\". I Was Made For Lovin' You was originally", "title": "Everything I Am (album)" }, { "id": "11168754", "text": "1966. Though well known prior to signing with Motown, they achieved widespread success with the label with hits such as \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\", \"Nitty Gritty\" and \"If I Were Your Woman\". However, the group would recall being treated like outsiders in the label. Lead singer Gladys Knight recalled on A&E's \"Biography\" that she and the group were regarded as a second-string act and that \"Diana (Ross) & The Supremes, The Temptations and Marvin Gaye were given all the hits, while we took the leftovers\". While on Motown, Knight & The Pips recorded for Soul Records, a label", "title": "Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye)" }, { "id": "9732820", "text": "In her farewell montage on the episode of her elimination it was shown that she also sang \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" during her audition. She also performed Stevie Wonder's \"Until You Come Back To Me\" during one of the Hollywood audition rounds. Jones toured with the Top 10 Idols on the Idols tour. She received positive reviews for her solo performance of \"I Will Always Love You\". She performed the Star-Spangled Banner at Comerica Park before the Detroit Tigers game on June 8, 2007 versus the New York Mets. Jones also had two homecoming events. The", "title": "LaKisha Jones" }, { "id": "13454050", "text": "Records, producing four tracks on Jay-Z's debut album Reasonable Doubt. Original Flavor Original Flavor was an American hip hop group in the early- to mid-1990s. The group originally consisted of Ski and Suave Lover. It released two albums—\"This Is How It Is\" (1992) and \"Beyond Flavor\" (1994). On \"Beyond Flavor\", Suave Lover was replaced by T-Strong and DJ Chubby Chub. The group had a hit with the song \"Can I Get Open,\" which reached #46 on the Billboard Maxi Singles chart. This track prominently features Jay-Z. The group, managed by Damon Dash and cousin Darien Dash, disbanded after it released", "title": "Original Flavor" } ]

[ "Muhammadu Buhari" ]

[ { "id": "7070934", "text": "Sultan of Sokoto Sa'adu Abubakar, he influenced the presidency of Muhammadu Buhari , succeeding on his third attempt at Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation GMDship, and was appointed Group Managing Director on July 4th, 2016 under the presidency of Muhammadu Buhari; he succeeded Dr. Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu, the current Nigerian Minister of State, Petroleum. The NNPC Group comprises the NNPC Board, the Group managing director's office, Seven operational units as listed below. Each of the Unit is headed by a chief operating officer (COO). Its Divisions are headed by Group General Managers (GGM) while its subsidiary companies are headed by Managing", "title": "Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation" }, { "id": "19239295", "text": "the presidency of Muhammadu Buhari. On November 11, 2015, Kachikwu was named the Minister of State, Petroleum Resources by the President. He was named as the Chairman of the Board of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, as provided for under Section 1(2) of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Act of 1997, as amended on 4th of July, 2016. He was removed as the GMD of the NNPC by President Muhammadu Buhari and replaced with Dr. Maikanti K. Baru on 4th of July, 2016. One of the first restructuring processes he embraced was to reduce the number of Directorates from eight", "title": "Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu" }, { "id": "19239294", "text": "Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu (born December 18, 1956) is the Minister of State, Petroleum Resources and the immediate past Group Managing Director, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation married to Elizabeth Kachikwu. Kachikwu is a graduate of Law from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka and Nigerian Law School. He thereafter obtained a Masters and Doctorate Degree in Law from Harvard University, with distinctions. He also has a Higher Diploma .T.L (H.DIP.T.L) from Georgetown University, USA. Kachikwu is married to Elizabeth Kachikwu. He was appointed as the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Chief Executive to wide public acclaim in August, 2015 under", "title": "Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu" }, { "id": "11152188", "text": "Foumakoye Gado Foumakoye Gado (born \"c\". 1961) is a Nigerien politician and the Secretary-General of the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS-Tarayya). He served in the government of Niger as Minister of Mines and Energy from April 1993 to October 1994 and he held the same post for a second time from April 2011 to September 2011. He has served as Minister of Oil since September 2011, with responsibility for energy as well until October 2016. Gado studied physics at the University of Niamey and received a doctorate degree; later, he was a professor at the same university. He", "title": "Foumakoye Gado" }, { "id": "12338074", "text": "Diezani Alison-Madueke Diezani K. Alison-Madueke (born 6 December 1960) is a Nigerian politician and the first female President of OPEC. She was elected at the 166th OPEC Ordinary meeting in Vienna on 27 November 2014. She became Nigeria's minister of transportation on 26 July 2007. She was moved to Mines and Steel Development in 2008, and in April 2010 was appointed Minister of Petroleum Resources. Diezani K. Agama was born in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Her father was Chief Frederick Abiye Agama. She studied Architecture in England and then at Howard University in the United States. She graduated from", "title": "Diezani Alison-Madueke" }, { "id": "18186466", "text": "Oge Modie Ogechukwu Olufunmilola Modie (born January 12, 1976) is a Nigerian public servant who works as the Chief of Staff (an unconstitutional office) to the Honorable Minister of State for Petroleum Resources. She was the Chief of Staff (an unconstitutional office) to the former Group Managing Director (GMD) of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Nigeria's National Oil Corporation. Subsequently, the GMD was named as the Chairman of the Board of the Corporation, as provided for under Section 1(2) of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Act of 1997, as amended on 4 July 2016. Her primary responsibility is the provision", "title": "Oge Modie" }, { "id": "19304599", "text": "formed by the decree 33 of 1977 through the merger of MPR and NNOC. It also, led to the creation of Petroleum Inspectorate , the industry regulator. In 1985, the MPR was carved out of NNOC while NNPC remains. In the same year, the PI was moved backed to the MPR. Department of Petroleum Resources Department of Petroleum Resource (DPR) is a department under the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources (FMPR), saddled with the responsibility of exploration and importation of Petroleum products. It also oversees the safety and other regulations that relate to the exportation and importation of the", "title": "Department of Petroleum Resources" }, { "id": "11152192", "text": "and Industrial Development, while Gado was instead appointed as Minister of Energy and Oil. After Issoufou was sworn in for a second term, he retained Gado in his post as Minister of Energy and Oil in the government named on 11 April 2016. His portfolio was modified on 19 October 2016, when a new minister of energy was appointed, but Gado remained Minister of Oil. Foumakoye Gado Foumakoye Gado (born \"c\". 1961) is a Nigerien politician and the Secretary-General of the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS-Tarayya). He served in the government of Niger as Minister of Mines and", "title": "Foumakoye Gado" }, { "id": "19304598", "text": "by The Director of Petroleum Resources,being the head of the management. Currently (2016), Mr. Mordecai Ladan is the director at DPR. The DPR is responsible to the FMPR DPR started as Hydrocarbon section under the Ministry of Lagos Affairs, with direct supervision from the Governor-General. In 1970, the name DPR was carved out due to the expansion of activities in the ministry. By the beginning of 1971 the FGN created Nigerian National Oil Corporation (NNOC), to manage commercial operational activities in the petroleum industry. The department became the MPR in 1975. In 1977, the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) was", "title": "Department of Petroleum Resources" }, { "id": "20417623", "text": "Mofia Tonjo Akobo Chief Mofia Tonjo Akobo is the first Nigerian Minister of Petroleum Resources. He is now an environmental and resource control activist. Born in Abonnema into the family of Mary John Fyneface of Abonnema and Nathaniel Tonjo Akobo of Tombia. His primary education include studying at the Bishop Crowther Memorial School Abonnema, Central school Eha-Amufu and Tombia School, Tombia. His secondary education was at the Government College Umuahia from 1949–1955 and Tertiary Education at the University College Ibadan from 1956-1960. He also attended the University College hospital from 1960–1963, and carried out a Medical Internship at the Lagos", "title": "Mofia Tonjo Akobo" }, { "id": "15444011", "text": "Abdallah Salem el-Badri Abdalla Salem el-Badri (born 25 May 1940) is a former Libyan official who served as Chairman of the National Oil Corporation (NOC), Minister of Petroleum, Minister of Energy, Minister of Management, and Deputy Prime Minister. He was also the longest-serving Secretary General of OPEC, holding the position in 1994 and then 2007–2016. He is a citizen of Libya and resides in Austria. He is married with five children. OPEC selected Nigeria's Mohammed Barkindo to succeed el-Badri as Secretary General, effective 1 August 2016. One of their predecessors was Omar el-Badri who held the position in 1970, although", "title": "Abdallah Salem el-Badri" }, { "id": "19304597", "text": "Department of Petroleum Resources Department of Petroleum Resource (DPR) is a department under the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources (FMPR), saddled with the responsibility of exploration and importation of Petroleum products. It also oversees the safety and other regulations that relate to the exportation and importation of the products into the country. As part of its activities, the department manages the up and downstream in Nigeria petroleum industry. The Federal Government of Nigeria introduces National Production Monitoring Systems (NIPMS) to monitor the royalty payables and demand notices from all organizations dealing in petroleum in Nigeria. The department is headed", "title": "Department of Petroleum Resources" }, { "id": "9826768", "text": "Aminu Saleh Aminu Saleh is a Nigerian administrator, former Finance Minister of Nigeria, and permanent secretary in the Nigerian ministry of Defense. He became the chairman of the National Qu'ranic Recitation Committee in 2006. He is an indigene of Bauchi State and has served in various capacities at both the state and the federal level. He served Obasanjo's regime in the 1970s and Abacha's beginning in 1992. Saleh is also the owner of a Nigerian beverage known as \"Brahma and Tandi Guarana\" and a shareholder in various Nigeria-based industries. He led the creation, establishment, funding and running of the Petroleum", "title": "Aminu Saleh" }, { "id": "2862672", "text": "into Bauchi, Borno and Gongola states. In August 1991, Yobe state was created from Borno state, while Gongola state was split into two states, Taraba and Adamawa. In October 1996, Gombe State was created from Bauchi State. In March 1976, the Head of State, General Olusegun Obasanjo, appointed Buhari as the Federal Commissioner (position now called Minister) for Petroleum and Natural Resources. When the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation was created in 1977, Buhari was also appointed as its Chairman, a position he held until 1978. During his tenure as Commissioner, 2.8 billion dollars allegedly went missing from the accounts of", "title": "Muhammadu Buhari" }, { "id": "15365779", "text": "Petroleum Product Pricing Regulatory Agency The Petroleum Products Pricing Regulatory Agency (PPPRA) is an agency of the government of Nigeria established in 2003 to, among other responsibilities, monitor and regulate the supply and distribution, and determine the prices of petroleum products in Nigeria. Its headquarters is located in Abuja, Nigeria. The current Acting Executive Secretary of the Agency is Mrs. Sotonye E. Iyoyo (2016 - date). Previous chief executives are Dr. Oluwole Oluleye (2003 – 2009), Mr. Abiodun Ibikunle (2009 – 2011), Engr. Goody Chike Egbuji (2011 - 2011), Mr. Reginald Stanley (2011 - 2014) and Mr. Farouk Ahmed (2014", "title": "Petroleum Product Pricing Regulatory Agency" }, { "id": "14473827", "text": "Henry Odein Ajumogobia Henry Odein Ajumogobia (born 29 June 1956) is a Nigerian politician and businessman. He was Minister of State Petroleum Resources between 2007 and 2009, and minister of Foreign Affairs from April 2010 to July 2011. He was also Head of Nigeria's delegation to OPEC from July 2007 to December 2008. In August 1983, Ajumogobia created with Christopher Nonyelum Okeke the legal firm \"Ajumogobia and Okeke\". Henry Odein Ajumogobia attended the following schools : LL.B (Lagos) Faculty (Prizes for best graduating student, and subject prizes; Federal Government of Nigeria merit award for Academic Excellence at the University of", "title": "Henry Odein Ajumogobia" }, { "id": "20204895", "text": "Fafa Sanyang Fafa Sanyang is a Gambian politician and former civil servant who is the current Minister of Energy and Petroleum in President Adama Barrow's cabinet. Sanyang was born in Kwinella and studied a bachelor's degree in geology at the University of Sierra Leone in 1989. He went on to obtain a master's degree in marine management from Dalhousie University, Canada, in 1997 and a further master's degree in engineering geology from Leeds University in the United Kingdom. He is a fellow of the Geological Society of London and a member of the Geological Society of Africa. Sanyang was Director", "title": "Fafa Sanyang" }, { "id": "12338077", "text": "on 6 April 2010 with Alison-Madueke as Minister for Petroleum Resources. As Minister of Petroleum Resources, Alison-Madueke pledged to transform Nigeria's oil and gas industry so that all Nigerians benefit. In April 2010, President Goodluck Jonathan signed the Nigerian Content Act, which aimed to increase the percentage of petroleum industry contracts awarded to indigenous Nigerian businesses – a reaction to the domination of the sector by foreign operators. One of the most controversial policies introduced under Alison-Madueke was the government's plan to remove state subsidies on fuel prices. Alison-Madueke supported the discontinuation of the subsidy \"because it poses a huge", "title": "Diezani Alison-Madueke" }, { "id": "14473831", "text": "that deregulation would eliminate shortages of petroleum products while saving taxpayers over N687 billion in annual subsidies. Odein Ajumogobia is an Ijaw (Kalabari) from Abonnema in Rivers State. He is married to Awuneba Ajumogobia FCA (née Iketubosin) also from Abonnema, Rivers State. They have a son and three daughters. Henry Odein Ajumogobia Henry Odein Ajumogobia (born 29 June 1956) is a Nigerian politician and businessman. He was Minister of State Petroleum Resources between 2007 and 2009, and minister of Foreign Affairs from April 2010 to July 2011. He was also Head of Nigeria's delegation to OPEC from July 2007 to", "title": "Henry Odein Ajumogobia" }, { "id": "20417628", "text": "and coordinated the formation of the union of Niger Delta which was a coalition of movement of Niger Delta region like the Southern minorities movement, the commonwealth of the Niger Delta Coalition, MOSOP and several other ethnic minority movement in the region. Amongst other involvements as an activist includes: Mofia Tonjo Akobo Chief Mofia Tonjo Akobo is the first Nigerian Minister of Petroleum Resources. He is now an environmental and resource control activist. Born in Abonnema into the family of Mary John Fyneface of Abonnema and Nathaniel Tonjo Akobo of Tombia. His primary education include studying at the Bishop Crowther", "title": "Mofia Tonjo Akobo" }, { "id": "7755682", "text": "Rilwanu Lukman Rilwanu Lukman (26 August 1938 – 21 July 2014) was a Nigerian engineer who held several ministerial positions in the Nigerian Federal government before becoming Secretary General of OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2000. He died on 21 July 2014. On 18 December 2008, Lukman was appointed Minister of Petroleum Resources by Nigerian president Umaru Yar'Adua, holding office until March 2010. Lukman was born in Zaria, Kaduna State. He trained as a mining engineer at the College of Arts, Science, and Technology, Zaria (now Ahmadu Bello University), and then", "title": "Rilwanu Lukman" }, { "id": "15365780", "text": "- 2016). Petroleum Product Pricing Regulatory Agency The Petroleum Products Pricing Regulatory Agency (PPPRA) is an agency of the government of Nigeria established in 2003 to, among other responsibilities, monitor and regulate the supply and distribution, and determine the prices of petroleum products in Nigeria. Its headquarters is located in Abuja, Nigeria. The current Acting Executive Secretary of the Agency is Mrs. Sotonye E. Iyoyo (2016 - date). Previous chief executives are Dr. Oluwole Oluleye (2003 – 2009), Mr. Abiodun Ibikunle (2009 – 2011), Engr. Goody Chike Egbuji (2011 - 2011), Mr. Reginald Stanley (2011 - 2014) and Mr. Farouk", "title": "Petroleum Product Pricing Regulatory Agency" }, { "id": "19239298", "text": "peak at the life, loves and triumphs of admired celebrities, business leaders and politicians. The maiden edition of the magazine featured icons in music, film, fashion, culture and style, drawn from Nigeria and Ghana. Kachikwu regularly shares updates about his various activities in the Oil and Gas Sector on his personal Facebook, Google+, Linkedin page and Twitter account. This comes after the unveiling of Twitter and Facebook social media platforms for Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation in his first few weeks in office. Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu (born December 18, 1956) is the Minister of State, Petroleum Resources and", "title": "Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu" }, { "id": "18443808", "text": "Chris Ogiemwonyi Engr Christopher Aigbovbiosa Ogiemwonyi (born 21 March 1951) was a former Minister for Works, state, at the Nigeria Federal Ministry of Works, a retired group executive director of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, is the current President of Energy and Engineering Technology Consulting Group since 2011. After defecting from the People's Democratic Party to the All Progressive Congress, he has been declared as the Governorship aspirant of Edo State governorship election, 2016 under the umbrella of the All Progressive Congress party. He is married with 5 children. Ogiemwonyi was born on 21 day of March 1951 to Mr", "title": "Chris Ogiemwonyi" }, { "id": "18186478", "text": "has the vision to be the leading digital media brand improving the efficiency and productivity of Nigeria’s individuals and organizations by 2020. Modie has been a speaker at various events, including; Oge Modie Ogechukwu Olufunmilola Modie (born January 12, 1976) is a Nigerian public servant who works as the Chief of Staff (an unconstitutional office) to the Honorable Minister of State for Petroleum Resources. She was the Chief of Staff (an unconstitutional office) to the former Group Managing Director (GMD) of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Nigeria's National Oil Corporation. Subsequently, the GMD was named as the Chairman of the", "title": "Oge Modie" }, { "id": "7755689", "text": "a leading International Operation & Maintenance company in the upstream energy sector. Lukman was appointed Honorary (unpaid) Advisor on Energy and Strategic Matters to President Umaru Yar'Adua in August 2007. In December 2008 Lukman was appointed Minister of Petroleum Resources, and resigned from his position with Afren, putting his holdings in a blind trust. In February 2010 there were rumours that Lukman had tendered his resignation after a shakeup in the cabinet by the new acting President, Goodluck Jonathan, but that it had not been accepted. In March 2010, he warned that the scarcity of petroleum products in Nigeria would", "title": "Rilwanu Lukman" }, { "id": "14476681", "text": "Emmanuel Iheanacho Emmanuel Iheanacho is a retired Merchant Navy Captain who was appointed Nigerian Minister of Interior on 6 April 2010, when Acting President Goodluck Jonathan announced his new cabinet. He was replaced by Patrick Abba Moro in the cabinet announced in July 2011. Iheanacho was born in Imo State. He attended the University of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom where he obtained a Master of Science degree in International Transport, and also earned a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree in General Management from the University of Bradford. He joined the navy, retiring with the rank of Captain. Iheanacho's latest", "title": "Emmanuel Iheanacho" }, { "id": "17130657", "text": "to the Minister of Petroleum and Energy, late Alhaji Rilwan Lukmon. The appointments, he admits put him in the position to close in on a few oil deals from which he made his first fortune. Belo-Osagie started his career as a petroleum economist and lawyer, following his graduation from Harvard Business School. For more than three decades, he has been a key player in the Nigerian economy through his participation in several private sector businesses; particularly in the fields of energy, finance and telecommunications. Up Until 2017, Belo-Osagie was the chairman of Etisalat's Nigerian arm, in which he controlled a", "title": "Hakeem Belo-Osagie" }, { "id": "8947495", "text": "Edmund Daukoru Edmund Maduabebe Daukoru (born 13 October 1943) is a former Nigerian Minister of State for Energy and was Secretary General of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 2006. He became the Amayanabo, or traditional ruler, of Nembe Kingdom in 2008. Also Chairman of South South Monarchs forum in the PGEJ regime. Daukoru was born on 13 October 1943 in the oil-rich Bayelsa State. He obtained a Ph.D in Geology from Imperial College, London. He was employed by Shell International Petroleum Company from 1970, where he rose from Chief Geologist to General Manager of Exploration in", "title": "Edmund Daukoru" }, { "id": "18574368", "text": "commission. Both Shell and Eni, as of September 2014, are under investigation for corruption by the UK and Italy authorities for the incidence. In 2017, e-mails obtained by anti-corruption charities Global Witness and Finance Uncovered apparently revealed that Shell’s executives were negotiating directly with Etete for a year before the oil deal which corruptly enriched Etete was finalised. Dan Etete Dan Etete (born 26 January 1945) is a former Nigerian Minister of Petroleum. In 1995, whereas he was Minister of Petroleum under military dictator General Sani Abacha, Dan Etete facilitated the transfer of payment of $1.1bn to a company he", "title": "Dan Etete" }, { "id": "8188158", "text": "President. The Minister is appointed by the President subject to approval by the Senate and is responsible for policy, while the Permanent Secretary is responsible for implementation of policy. By convention, there must be one Cabinet member from each of the 36 states in Nigeria, although there are only 19 ministries and at times a Federal minister is responsible for more than one ministry (e.g. Environment and Housing), or the President takes direct control of a key ministry such as Petroleum Resources. To ensure representation from each state, a Minister is often assisted by one or more Ministers of State.", "title": "Cabinet of Nigeria" }, { "id": "7070932", "text": "Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) is the oil corporation through which the federal government of Nigeria regulates and participates in the country's petroleum industry. NNPC was established on 1 April 1977 as a merger of the Nigerian National Oil Corporation and the Federal Ministry of Mines and Steel. NNPC by law manages the joint venture between the Nigerian federal government and a number of foreign multinational corporations, which include Royal Dutch Shell, Agip, ExxonMobil, Total S.A, Chevron, and Texaco (now merged with Chevron). Through collaboration with these companies, the Nigerian government conducts petroleum exploration and", "title": "Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation" }, { "id": "14471649", "text": "the living standards of its citizens. Fidelia Njeze Fidelia Akuabata Njeze (born 8 June 1964) is the current Nigerian Ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Njeze was previously appointed Nigerian minister of Aviation on 6 April 2010, when Acting President Goodluck Jonathan announced his new cabinet. Before that appointment, she served as Minister of State for Agriculture and Water Resources and also Minister of State for Defence in the cabinet of late President Umaru Yar'Adua. Njeze was born on 8 June 1964 in Enugu State. She got her high school education at Girls High School Awkunanaw Enugu, then she went on", "title": "Fidelia Njeze" }, { "id": "10826887", "text": "2012, following a general election, O'Neill announced the following cabinet for the 2012-2017 term: In February 2014, the following reshuffle took place. Police Minister Nixon Duban (MP for Madang, National Congress Party) was reshuffled to the position of Minister of Petroleum and Energy, replacing William Duma (MP for Mount Hagen, United Resources Party), who was dropped from the Cabinet; O'Neill suggested that Duma had not adhered to the principle of Cabinet solidarity. Robert Atiyafa (MP for Henganofi) was appointed as Minister for Police. David Arore (MP for the Northern Province, T.H.E. Party) was replaced as Minister for Higher Education by", "title": "Cabinet of Papua New Guinea" }, { "id": "14471643", "text": "Fidelia Njeze Fidelia Akuabata Njeze (born 8 June 1964) is the current Nigerian Ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Njeze was previously appointed Nigerian minister of Aviation on 6 April 2010, when Acting President Goodluck Jonathan announced his new cabinet. Before that appointment, she served as Minister of State for Agriculture and Water Resources and also Minister of State for Defence in the cabinet of late President Umaru Yar'Adua. Njeze was born on 8 June 1964 in Enugu State. She got her high school education at Girls High School Awkunanaw Enugu, then she went on to earn a BSc in Pharmacy", "title": "Fidelia Njeze" }, { "id": "19796001", "text": "Ibrahim Yacouba Ibrahim Yacouba, also known as Ibrahim Yacoubou (born 8 August 1971), is a Nigerien politician who has served in the government of Niger as Minister of Foreign Affairs 2016 to 2018. He leads the Nigerien Patriotic Movement. Following the ouster of President Mamadou Tandja in February 2010, Yacouba was General Rapporteur of the National Advisory Council, set up by the junta that ousted Tandja, in the 2010–2011 transitional period. Yacouba, a member of the ruling Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS), was appointed to the government as Minister of Transport in April 2012 and then moved to", "title": "Ibrahim Yacouba" }, { "id": "20204897", "text": "In late April, Sanyang oversaw the signing of a deal between the National Water and Electricity Company (NAWEC) and the Sino-hydro Corporation Company worth $165 million. Fafa Sanyang Fafa Sanyang is a Gambian politician and former civil servant who is the current Minister of Energy and Petroleum in President Adama Barrow's cabinet. Sanyang was born in Kwinella and studied a bachelor's degree in geology at the University of Sierra Leone in 1989. He went on to obtain a master's degree in marine management from Dalhousie University, Canada, in 1997 and a further master's degree in engineering geology from Leeds University", "title": "Fafa Sanyang" }, { "id": "18874155", "text": "Andrew Yakubu Andrew Laah Yakubu (born September 10, 1955) is the former Group Managing Director of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. He is a Fellow of the Nigerian Society of Engineers; Fellow of the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers; a Fellow of the Nigerian Association of Technologists in Engineering; Associate Fellow, Chemical Society of Nigeria and a registered Engineer of the Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria COREN. He was relieved of duty by ex-President Goodluck Jonathan for unknown reasons. The anti-corruption agency, EFCC, recently charged Yakubu to court for false declaration of assets, after the agency found", "title": "Andrew Yakubu" }, { "id": "14482897", "text": "Rilwan Lanre Babalola Rilwan Lanre Babalola was appointed Nigerian Minister of Power on 17 December 2008 after a cabinet shuffle by President Umaru Yar'Adua. He left office in March 2010 when Acting President Goodluck Jonathan dissolved his cabinet. Babalola gained a PhD in Energy Economics from the University of Surrey, United Kingdom. He was an investment banker with Lead Bank in charge of the Public Sector and Infrastructure Department. Babalola joined the Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) in November 2001 as head of the Power Sector Team. Under a program assisted by USAID and later the World Bank, he was", "title": "Rilwan Lanre Babalola" }, { "id": "12338078", "text": "financial burden on the government, disproportionately benefits the wealthy, [and] encourages inefficiency, corruption and diversion of scarce public resources away from investment in critical infrastructure.\" Alison-Madueke was the first woman to hold the position of Minister of Petroleum Resources in Nigeria, and in October 2010 she became the first woman to head a country delegation at the semi-annual OPEC conference. She was also the first female Minister of Transportation, and the first woman to be appointed to the board of Shell Petroleum Development Company Nigeria. On 27 November 2014, she was elected as the first female President of OPEC. On", "title": "Diezani Alison-Madueke" }, { "id": "14101034", "text": "Ibrahim Bio Alhaji Isa Ibrahim Bio (born April 1957) was appointed by President Umaru Yar'Adua as Nigeria's Minister of Transportation on 17 December 2008. After Vice-President Goodluck Jonathan became acting President in February 2010, he dissolved the cabinet on 17 March 2010, and swore in a new cabinet on 6 April 2010 with Ibrahim Bio as Minister for the National Sports Commission. Ibrahim Isa Bio was born in April 1957 in Baruten Local Government Area, Kwara State. He obtained a Pharmacy degree from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and an MBA from Ogun State University. Ibrahim Bio was Kwara State commissioner", "title": "Ibrahim Bio" }, { "id": "12337167", "text": "to the Christ the King Catholic Church in Okpoma for Mass in his honour. He was buried on Wednesday November 7, 2018. John Odey John Ogar Odey (November 1, 1959 – 7 October 2018) was appointed Nigerian minister of information and communications in July 2007, and became minister for environment in December 2008 after President Umaru Yar'Adua reshuffled his cabinet. Odey graduated with a B.Sc. in banking and finance from the University of Calabar in 1986. He has been active within the media, with positions such as general manager for South-South Communication and chairman of News Agency of Nigeria. He", "title": "John Odey" }, { "id": "10729997", "text": "hospital\" as promised. While this story resulted in the elevation of Goodluck Jonathan to the presidency, other stories such as the revelation that the Oil Minister Rilwanu Lukman was still in the oil business and involved in massive bribery were utterly ignored by officials. NEXT also exposed extreme corruption in Nigeria's oil industry in a series of detailed investigative reporters that were subsequently confirmed by independent investigators. The then oil minister, Diezani Alison Madueke, still faces corruption charges in a London court as of July 2018. In 2011, Dele Olojede won the John P. McNulty Prize, which was established to", "title": "Dele Olojede" }, { "id": "6775193", "text": "the Ministry of Petroleum to form the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, an entity which would exert more power over the allocation and sale of concessions than the NNOC. By 1979, the NNPC had also gained 60% participation in the oil industry. Despite the vast revenues accrued by Gowon and his heirs, the junta succumbed to the demands of the civilian population, and in 1979 military head of state Olusegun Obasanjo handed over power to elected National Party of Nigeria (NPN) candidate Shehu Shagari. This event coincided with the declaration of Nigeria's Second Republic. At this juncture, the oil producing states", "title": "Petroleum industry in Nigeria" }, { "id": "18151953", "text": "the power reform roadmap. The PTFP collaborates closely with various ministries and agencies that have specific contributions to the reform process, including the Federal Ministry of Power, the Federal Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Petroleum Resources, the Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE), the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC), the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), the Bureau of Public Procurement, National Gas Company Limited (NGC) and the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to mention a few. President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, reconstituted the PTFP Board, with Engr. Reynolds Bekinbo Dagogo-Jack as Chairman, on September", "title": "Presidential Task Force on Power" }, { "id": "7551135", "text": "Souley Abdoulaye Souley Abdoulaye (born 1965) is a Nigerien politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Niger from 28 September 1994 to 8 February 1995. He later served in the government under President Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara as Minister of Transport from 1996 to 1997 and then as Minister of the Interior, in charge of police and internal security, from 1997 to 1999. A member of the Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama (CDS), Abdoulaye was named Minister of Trade, Transport, and Tourism on 23 April 1993, part of the government of the Alliance of the Forces of Change (AFC), a coalition", "title": "Souley Abdoulaye" }, { "id": "18874160", "text": "infighting between him and the powerful Minister of Petroleum Resources, Mrs Diezani Alison-Madueke who was behind his removal. Although the president did not give any reason for his removal, President Jonathan, however sent a letter to Yakubu, thanking him for his service. Yakubu, has contributed to various charity projects in multiple churches and organizations across Nigeria. Over the years he has continually supported the needy by way of donations, sponsorship and scholarships for the poor using his foundation. Andrew Yakubu was relieved from his post as the group Managing Director of the NNPC by President Goodluck Jonathan over perceived infighting", "title": "Andrew Yakubu" }, { "id": "7070942", "text": "the ownership of oil and gas assets controlled by NPDC. Subject to additional information being provided, we estimate that the NNPC and NPDC should refund to the Federation Account a minimum of $1.48billion as summarised in the next page. No staff of the NNPC or Ministry of Petroleum has so far been punished, though on Thursday, 20 February 2014, the whistle-blowing CBN Governor was suspended from office by the President. An official audit reported in March 2016 that the NNPC had failed to pay . Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) is the oil corporation through", "title": "Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation" }, { "id": "14482902", "text": "cabinet. When a new cabinet was formed on 6 April 2010, President Jonathan took personal responsibility for the Ministry of Power, and did not name a minister. Rilwan Lanre Babalola Rilwan Lanre Babalola was appointed Nigerian Minister of Power on 17 December 2008 after a cabinet shuffle by President Umaru Yar'Adua. He left office in March 2010 when Acting President Goodluck Jonathan dissolved his cabinet. Babalola gained a PhD in Energy Economics from the University of Surrey, United Kingdom. He was an investment banker with Lead Bank in charge of the Public Sector and Infrastructure Department. Babalola joined the Bureau", "title": "Rilwan Lanre Babalola" }, { "id": "6775228", "text": "efforts by the federal government for infrastructure development. Indicted corrupt leaders are also cheered by the Niger Delta people. Petroleum industry in Nigeria Nigeria is the largest oil and gas producer in Africa. Crude oil from the delta basin comes in two types: light, and comparatively heavy – the lighter around 36 gravity and the heavier, 20–25 gravity. Both types are paraffinic and low in sulfur. The history of oil exploration in Nigeria dates back to 1907 when Nigerian Bitumen Corporation conducted exploratory work in the country, at the onset of World War I the firm's operation were stopped. Thereafter,", "title": "Petroleum industry in Nigeria" }, { "id": "8526627", "text": "Aliyu Modibbo Umar Aliyu Modibbo Umar is a Nigerian technocrat who was the federal Minister of State for Power and Steel from December 2002 to May 2003, Minister of Commerce from July 2006 to July 2007, then Minister for the FCT (Federal Capital Territory, Abuja), a post he held until October 2008. Aliyu Modibbo Umar was born of Kumo origin in Gombe State on 15 November 1958. He obtained a BA in Journalism from California State University, Long Beach; an MA in African Studies and a PhD in Comparative Education both from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). His", "title": "Aliyu Modibbo Umar" }, { "id": "19188535", "text": "gas sector raking up over 38 years in experience with The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria, Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources, Directorate of Petroleum Resources, Tenoil Petroleum and Energy Resources and Heirs Holdings. Dr. Chukwueke is regarded as one of the most knowledgeable Nigerians in the petroleum sector, having served as Nigeria's Director of Petroleum Resources (DPR), the industry regulator from 2005 - 2009. Chukwueke has been energy director of Transnational Corporation of Nigeria since October 2011. He is in charge of the group’s strategy to emerge as one of the biggest indigenous oil and gas sector players. He", "title": "Tony Chukwueke" }, { "id": "14096717", "text": "Abba Sayyadi Ruma Abba Sayyadi Ruma was appointed Federal Minister of Agriculture and Water Resources in Nigeria by President Umaru Yar'Adua on 26 July 2007. He left office in March 2010 when Acting President Goodluck Jonathan dissolved his cabinet. He is Chairman of the Governing Council of the International Fund for Agricultural Development headquartered in Rome, Italy, and is a Partner Minister of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Abba Sayyadi Ruma was born on 13 March 1962. He gained a BA in History from the University of Sokoto, a Masters in International Affairs and Diplomacy from", "title": "Abba Sayyadi Ruma" }, { "id": "6648031", "text": "inflation, and hurt both businesses and the public. A former military Head of State and a former Minister for Petroleum & Natural Resources, General Buhari, urged President Jonathan not to remove the fuel subsidy and to tackle corruption. General Yakubu Gowon, another former military Head of State, warned the government that the country's infrastructure should be revived before fuel subsidy removal steps were taken. Former military president Gen. Ibrahim Babangida joined millions of Nigerians protesting against the removal of the fuel subsidy by the Jonathan administration, saying that the action is ill-timed. Following the Nigeria Labour Congress' warning that the", "title": "Goodluck Jonathan" }, { "id": "18186477", "text": "key support staff to the Minister of State of Petroleum Resources and Group Managing Director of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) in 2015 as the Chief of Staff. Modie has been deeply involved in various nonprofit organizations with a focus on microcredit, entrepreneurship, private sector development and gender empowerment. More specifically she has supported the following initiatives: She is the founder of a youth capacity building organization called Kairos Knowledge Centre, founder of First Born Foundation, and the writer of a weekly devotional called Wellspring of Life. She has joined the board of Digital Media Development Initiative, a non-profit that", "title": "Oge Modie" }, { "id": "18134217", "text": "was also Speaker of the House of Representatives. Wakil was awarded Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON) and is a fellow of the Nigerian Institute of Management, FNIM. Wakil is married to Hajiya Falmata Mohammed, and they have six children. Mohammed Wakil Mohammed Wakil (born 6 February 1965), the Minister of State for Power in Nigeria, resumed office on 5 March 2014. He is also a member of Nigeria's National Assembly, vice chairman of the People's Democratic Party (North East), and lawyer. Wakil was born on 6 June 1965 in Damboa Local Government of Borno State and is", "title": "Mohammed Wakil" }, { "id": "15652098", "text": "and is directly accountable to the President of Ghana. The position is politically appointed and approved by parliament of Ghana. The current minister is John Peter Amewu who succeeds Boakye Agyarko temporarily after being sacked by the President on the 6th August,2018 who succeeded Emmanuel Armah Kofi Buah who was the sector minister under the Mahama administration government in 2013. The ministry has increased the number of towns and communities on the national grid as well as improved the quality of supply of electricity. In 2002 the Tema Oil Refinery in Tema was fitted with a residual fuel catalytic cracker.", "title": "Ministry of Energy and Petroleum" }, { "id": "9816282", "text": "government as commissioner of education and a member of the Executive Council of Rivers State (1975–1979), as a member of the fifty-person Constitution Drafting Committee for the Federal Military Government of General Murtala Muhammed (1979), as federal minister of petroleum and energy under General Muhammadu Buhari (1984–1985), and as minister of mines, power, and steel under General Ibrahim Babangida (1986). He was eventually removed as minister and arrested by the Babangida regime for allegedly contributing to the economic adversity of the country; He was discharged and acquitted of these charges by Nigeria's Special Appeal Court on 8 August 1991. David-West", "title": "Tam David-West" }, { "id": "15622426", "text": "Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou is a Nigerien politician. A member of the Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS-Tarayya), he served in the government of Niger as Minister of Mines, Energy, and Industry from 1991 to 1993 and as Minister of Finance from 2011 to 2012. He has been Director of the Cabinet of the President since 2015. In the transitional government of Prime Minister Ahmadou Cheiffou, appointed on 7 November 1991, Mahamadou was included as Minister of Mines, Energy, Industry, and Crafts. He was retained in his post in a cabinet reshuffle on 31 January 1993. Multiparty elections were", "title": "Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou" }, { "id": "20728365", "text": "Minister of Water Resources (Nigeria) The Minister of Water Resources of Nigeria is a cabinet official in the Nigerian Federal Executive Council. The Minister is assisted by the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Water Resources, a career civil servant. The current Minister of Water Resources is Engineer Suleiman Hussein Adamu and the permanent secretary is Dr Musa Wen Ibrahim At various times the ministry has been amalgamated with the Federal Ministry of Agriculture. In April 2010 when Goodluck Jonathan appointed Sheikh Ahmed Abdullah as Minister of Agriculture, the Ministry of Water Resources became separate from the Ministry of Agriculture.", "title": "Minister of Water Resources (Nigeria)" }, { "id": "20728364", "text": "Minister of Water Resources (Nigeria) The Minister of Water Resources of Nigeria is a cabinet official in the Nigerian Federal Executive Council. The Minister is assisted by the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Water Resources, a career civil servant. The current Minister of Water Resources is Engineer Suleiman Hussein Adamu and the permanent secretary is Dr Musa Wen Ibrahim At various times the ministry has been amalgamated with the Federal Ministry of Agriculture. In April 2010 when Goodluck Jonathan appointed Sheikh Ahmed Abdullah as Minister of Agriculture, the Ministry of Water Resources became separate from the Ministry of Agriculture.", "title": "Minister of Water Resources (Nigeria)" }, { "id": "12337165", "text": "John Odey John Ogar Odey (November 1, 1959 – 7 October 2018) was appointed Nigerian minister of information and communications in July 2007, and became minister for environment in December 2008 after President Umaru Yar'Adua reshuffled his cabinet. Odey graduated with a B.Sc. in banking and finance from the University of Calabar in 1986. He has been active within the media, with positions such as general manager for South-South Communication and chairman of News Agency of Nigeria. He was appointed National Publicity Secretary of the People's Democratic Party (PDP) in 2004. He served as minister of information and communications and", "title": "John Odey" }, { "id": "6775150", "text": "Petroleum industry in Nigeria Nigeria is the largest oil and gas producer in Africa. Crude oil from the delta basin comes in two types: light, and comparatively heavy – the lighter around 36 gravity and the heavier, 20–25 gravity. Both types are paraffinic and low in sulfur. The history of oil exploration in Nigeria dates back to 1907 when Nigerian Bitumen Corporation conducted exploratory work in the country, at the onset of World War I the firm's operation were stopped. Thereafter, licenses were given to D'Arcy Exploration Company and Whitehall Petroleum but neither company found oil of commercial value and", "title": "Petroleum industry in Nigeria" }, { "id": "6775165", "text": "regime of Sanni Abacha. There are four major oil refineries: the Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Plant which can process of crude per day, the New Port Harcourt Refinery which can produce per day (there is also an 'Old' Port Harcourt Refinery with negligible production), as well as the now defunct Kaduna Refinery. The Port Harcourt and Warri Refineries both operate at only 30% capacity. The Dangote Refinery, expected to open in the early 2020s, will have a daily capacity. It is estimated that demand and consumption of petroleum in Nigeria grows at a rate of 12.8% annually. However, petroleum products", "title": "Petroleum industry in Nigeria" }, { "id": "19309186", "text": "Hadiza Bala Usman Hadiza Bala Usman (born January 2, 1976) is a Nigerian activist and politician. She is currently the Managing Director of the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) as appointed by President Muhammadu Buhari on Monday 11 July 2016. She was formerly the Chief of Staff for the Kaduna State Governor. Bala Usman is an active member of the All Progressives Congress (APC). Hadiza Bala Usman was born in Zaria to the historian, Yusufu Bala Usman. Bala Usman grew up close to the campus of Ahmadu Bello University, where her father worked. Hadiza Bala Usman earned her bachelor's degree in", "title": "Hadiza Bala Usman" }, { "id": "7070933", "text": "production. In 2007, the head of the Nigerian wing of Transparency International said salaries for NNPC workers were too low to prevent graft. The NNPC Towers in Abuja is the headquarters of NNPC. Consisting of four identical towers, the complex is located on Herbert Macaulay Way, Central Business District Abuja. NNPC also has zonal offices in Lagos, Kaduna, Port Harcourt and Warri. It has an international office located in London, United Kingdom. Dr. Maikanti Baru is the current Group managing director. Through severe lobbying and pressure from the Emir of Kano Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, Emir of Zazzau Shehu Idris and", "title": "Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation" }, { "id": "6775169", "text": "respectively, according to the International Energy Agency. According to the CIA World Factbook, Nigeria’s main export partners are the United States, India, Brazil, Spain, France and the Netherlands. Shell has been working in Nigeria since 1936, and currently dominates gas production in the country, as the Niger Delta, which contains most of Nigeria's gas resources, also houses most of Shell's hydrocarbon assets. Prior to its official amalgamation into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria by the military forces of the British Empire in 1914, the territory of Nigeria was a loose collection of autonomous states, villages, and ethnic communities. Many", "title": "Petroleum industry in Nigeria" }, { "id": "17441507", "text": "worked as the managing director of the state-run oil holding company, Ganoub El Wadi Petroleum Holding Company (GANOPE). and became chairman of the company. He was appointed as Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources on 16 July 2013 as part of the interim cabinet led by Hazem Al Beblawi. He replaced Sherif Hassan Haddara in the post. Ismail was appointed as Prime Minister on 12 September 2015. On June 5, 2018 Ismail submitted his letter of resignation to Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. However, he still remained Prime Minister in caretaker capacity. Two days after Ismail submitted his letter, Sisi", "title": "Sherif Ismail" }, { "id": "17231251", "text": "bin Omeir bin Yusuf replaced him in the post. Mazroui also worked at Royal Dutch Shell for more than one year and at Dolphin Energy limited as director. He served in various capacities in international oil and gas projects in Nigeria, North Sea, Brunei and the Netherlands. In 2009, he was named vice chairman of Sorouh Real Estate company. He was the deputy chief executive of state-owned Mubadala Oil and Gas until March 2013. He is a member of the advisory committee of Abu Dhabi’s Supreme Petroleum Council. In a reshuffle of 12 March 2013, he was appointed energy minister", "title": "Suhail Al Mazroui" }, { "id": "19878099", "text": "Okechukwu Enelamah Okechukwu Enelamah (born 1964) is Nigeria's Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment. He was nominated by President Muhammadu Buhari to join the Federal Cabinet in October 2015 and appointed to the Industry, Trade, and Investment portfolio in November 2015. Enelamah earned a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in 1985. He earned a Master's degree in Business Administration (MBA) from Harvard University in 1994 where he was a Baker Scholar and Loeb Fellow. He is a member of ICAN (1992) and became a CFA in 1997. He earned Dean’s List honours", "title": "Okechukwu Enelamah" }, { "id": "7070939", "text": "revenues. On 9 December 2013, a letter from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)Governor, Sanusi Lamido Sanusi to the President of Nigeria, Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, dated show of 25 September 2013 details that the NNPC had not remitted over $49.8 billion proceeds of crude oil sales to the Government surfaced. On 13 December 2013, NNPC responded that no money was missing. Reconciliation Committee (comprising representatives of (i) CBN (ii) NNPC (iii) DPR (iv) FIRS (v) OAGF (vi) The Budget Office of the Federation (vii) Federal Ministry of Finance (viii) Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources) was set up. The Reconciliation Committee", "title": "Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation" }, { "id": "14473830", "text": "Member, National Independent Power Programme; (2007- 2010) Minister of Foreign Affairs (April 2010 - May 2011): Member, National Security Council, President UN Security Council (2010) Chairman Council of Ministers of Ecowas States; Co- Chairman (with H.E. Miguel Angel Moratinos Cuyaube- Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain of Political Dialogue between EU and ECOWAS Luxembourg (2010); Co-Chairman (with H.E. George Rebela Chicoti Minister of Foreign Affairs of Angola), International Contact Group on Guinea Bissau at UNGA (September 2010); As Nigeria's Minister of State for Petroleum he pushed for deregulation of the downstream sector of the oil industry. He said", "title": "Henry Odein Ajumogobia" }, { "id": "19188536", "text": "brought his expertise to bear in the development of OPL 281 which is in partnership with the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). Chukwueke is married to Joy Aishatu Uba-Chukwueke, an indigene of Niger State in the Northern part of Nigeria. She is a retired chief materials audit officer of the NNPC. They have five children – two boys – Obinna and Enyinna and three girls – Chidinma, Amina and Onyinye. Toun Okewale Sonaiya Tony Chukwueke Anthony 'Tony' Chukwueke (born May 19, 1956) is a Nigerian business executive. He is currently the energy director of the Nigeria-based conglomerate, Transnational Corporation of", "title": "Tony Chukwueke" }, { "id": "8947496", "text": "Nigeria. In 1992, he became Group Managing Director of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. In 2003, Daukoru became Presidential Advisor on Petroleum and Energy, and in July 2005 was appointed Minister of State for Energy in the cabinet of President Olusegun Obasanjo. He was appointed Secretary General of OPEC on 1 January 2006 for a one-year term. Daukoru was appointed the Amayanabo, or traditional ruler of Nembe Kingdom in Bayelsa state, taking the name Mingi XIII. Rivalries between the Bassambiri and Ogbolomabiri communities of the old Nembe Kingdom date back over 200 years. In April 2010 the Bayelsa State government", "title": "Edmund Daukoru" }, { "id": "6775178", "text": "the company, then known as Shell-British Petroleum. However, other firms became interested and by the early 1960s Mobil, Texaco, and Gulf had purchased concessions. In October 1960 Nigeria gained full independence from Britain with the British monarch continuing to preside as Head of State, but the country quickly altered its relationship with its former colonizers by declaring Nigeria a republic of three federated states (the Eastern, Western and Northern Regions). But the flaring of ethnic tensions assured that this new republic would be short-lived, as on 15 January 1966, a small group of army officers consisting mostly of southeastern Igbos,", "title": "Petroleum industry in Nigeria" }, { "id": "18874159", "text": "across the country with Nigeria’s three refineries running efficiently during his tenure. He streamed Fluid Catalytic Cracking Units (FCC) in Kaduna refinery, Port Harcourt FCC was operational, while Warri refinery was also on stream through the efforts of the in-house experts he engaged. He was eventually relieved of his duties by the then Minister of Petroleum Resources, Diezani Alison- Madueke. Contrary to report President Goodluck Jonathan did not relieve Engineer Andrew Yakubu of his appointment as the Group Managing Director (GMD) of the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) based on corruption. Yakubu was perceived to have been removed due to", "title": "Andrew Yakubu" }, { "id": "18574366", "text": "Dan Etete Dan Etete (born 26 January 1945) is a former Nigerian Minister of Petroleum. In 1995, whereas he was Minister of Petroleum under military dictator General Sani Abacha, Dan Etete facilitated the transfer of payment of $1.1bn to a company he set up before. The company, Malabu Oil and Gas was set up in 1998 by Etete using a false identity so as to award himself a lucrative oil block, OPL245, for which he paid only $2m of the $20m legally required by the state. At the time of Jonathan's government helping to facilitate the transfer of payment from", "title": "Dan Etete" }, { "id": "19759953", "text": "Ifeoma Malo Ngozi Ifeoma Malo is a Nigerian lawyer who won the Eisenhower Fellowship award in 2015. She is a Desmond Tutu fellow, African Leadership fellow and the Crans Montana New Leaders fellow. In 2015, she served as the chief of staff and senior technical adviser on energy policies, regulations and partnerships to Prof. Chinedu Nebo, the former Nigerian Minister of Power. She is currently the chief executive officer of Clean Tech Hub and Energy Innovation Center, Abuja. She obtained a bachelor's degree in law from the University of Ibadan in 2000 and holds three master's degrees: Law from Harvard", "title": "Ifeoma Malo" }, { "id": "14094644", "text": "Cabinet of President Umaru Yar'Adua The Cabinet of President Umaru Yar'Adua was made up of the Ministers and Ministers of State appointed by Nigerian President Umaru Yar'Adua. The cabinet continued to govern for a few weeks under Acting President Goodluck Jonathan after Yar'Adua fell terminally ill. The cabinet replaced that of Yar'Adua's predecessor President Olusegun Obasanjo, and was named in July 2007, two months after Yar'Adua had assumed office. Yar'Adua created a new cabinet position, the Minister of the Niger Delta, as part of his creation of the Niger Delta Ministry. In October 2008, Yar'Adua announced a major cabinet reshuffle,", "title": "Cabinet of President Umaru Yar'Adua" }, { "id": "14478656", "text": "Ufot Ekaette Ufot Ekaette (born 1939) was appointed the first Nigerian Minister of Niger Delta on 17 December 2008 by President Umaru Yar'Adua. He left office in March 2010 when Acting President Goodluck Jonathan dissolved his cabinet. Ekaette was born in 1939 in Ikot Edor, Onna Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State. He attended King’s College, Lagos, graduating in 1960, then went to University College, Ibadan where he earned a B.Sc in Economics in 1964. He joined the Federal Civil Service on 28 July 1964. Ekaette was principal secretary to Head of State General Yakubu Gowon (1968–1975). Later Ekaette served", "title": "Ufot Ekaette" }, { "id": "13410922", "text": "he appointed Assoumane as Special Adviser to the President, with the rank of Minister, on 20 April 2011. Issoufou Assoumane Issoufou Assoumane is a Nigerien politician who has been President of the Union of Nigerien Democrats and Socialists (\"Union des démocrates et socialistes nigériens\", UDSN-Talaka) since 2001. He served in the government of Niger as Minister of Mines and Energy from 1995 to 1996 and as Minister of the Environment from 2000 to 2001. Assoumane was Secretary-General of the Democratic Union of Progressive Forces (UDFP-Sawaba) during the 1990s. Along with Mamadou Tandja, the President of the National Movement for the", "title": "Issoufou Assoumane" }, { "id": "13800094", "text": "In a statement in January 2009, Bello lashed out against governors who withhold local government funds, releasing them only at their convenience, including the governor of his state, Ibrahim Shema. In discussion over the proposed bill to control desertification, Senator Bello strongly opposed Senator Grace Folashade Bent, chair of the Senate Committee on Environment and Ecology, who wanted to include other environmental issues in the bill. In July 2009, South-South senators initiated a motion to demand dismissal of Minister of Petroleum, Rilwan Lukman, and Mohammed Barkindo of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, on the basis of alleged anti-Niger Delta policies.", "title": "Mahmud Kanti Bello" }, { "id": "6775156", "text": "in and around the delta of the Niger River, but off-shore rigs are also prominent in the well-endowed coastal region. Nigeria is one of the few major oil-producing nations still capable of increasing its oil output. Unlike most of the other OPEC countries, Nigeria is not projected to exceed peak production until at least 2009. The reason for Nigeria's relative unproductivity is primarily OPEC regulations on production to regulate prices on the international market. More recently, production has been disrupted intermittently by the protests of the Niger Delta's inhabitants, who feel they are being exploited. Nigeria has a total of", "title": "Petroleum industry in Nigeria" }, { "id": "20382977", "text": "Aisha Abubakar Aisha Abubakar is a Nigerian politician. Following the Nigerian general elections, 2015, she was appointed as the Minister of State for Industry, Trade and Investment by President Muhammadu Buhari in late 2015. Hajiya Aisha Abubakar was born on July 20, 1966 in Dogondaji, Sokoto State. She is the daughter of a former finance minister. She had her secondary education at Queens College, Lagos between 1978-84. She got her first degree from University of Warwick, obtaining a Bachelor of Arts in politics and international studies between 1987-90. She also has a Master of Art degree in development studies from", "title": "Aisha Abubakar" }, { "id": "14474653", "text": "Jubril Martins-Kuye Jubril Martins-Kuye (born 16 August 1942) was appointed Nigerian minister of Commerce and Industry on 6 April 2010, when Acting President Goodluck Jonathan announced his new cabinet. Martins-Kuye was born on 16 August 1942 in Ago Iwoye, Ijebu constituency of Ogun State, he has a brother (Muraino Ademola Kuye). He studied sociology at the University of Ibadan (1965-1968) and then Economics at the Harvard University Business School, graduating in 1983. He gained qualifications as a Chartered Accountant. Martins-Kuye was a member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP). He was a senator in the Nigerian Third Republic. Martins-Kuye became", "title": "Jubril Martins-Kuye" }, { "id": "19986103", "text": "Segun Adebutu Segun Adebutu is a Nigerian businessperson with interests in oil and gas, shipping, construction, real estate, agriculture and entertainment. Segun Adebutu is born to the family of Kesington Adebukunola Adebutu, Founder and Chairman, Premier Lotto Nigeria Limited, who hails from Iperu Remo, Ikenne Local Government, and Caroline Oladunni, from Odogbolu, both in Ogun State, South West Nigeria. Segun Adebutu is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Petrolex Oil & Gas Ltd, a company presently building \"the second largest refinery in sub-Saharan Africa and the largest petroleum product depot in Nigeria\" in Ogun State Segun Adebutu serves as the", "title": "Segun Adebutu" }, { "id": "14094647", "text": "the cabinet over how much power Jonathan should exercise as acting president. Cabinet of President Umaru Yar'Adua The Cabinet of President Umaru Yar'Adua was made up of the Ministers and Ministers of State appointed by Nigerian President Umaru Yar'Adua. The cabinet continued to govern for a few weeks under Acting President Goodluck Jonathan after Yar'Adua fell terminally ill. The cabinet replaced that of Yar'Adua's predecessor President Olusegun Obasanjo, and was named in July 2007, two months after Yar'Adua had assumed office. Yar'Adua created a new cabinet position, the Minister of the Niger Delta, as part of his creation of the", "title": "Cabinet of President Umaru Yar'Adua" }, { "id": "7755686", "text": "1999, followed by agreements to reduce production levels, which led to a surge in prices towards the end of the 1990s. When Olusegun Obasanjo came into office at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic the President retained direct control of the Oil Ministry. Lukman was appointed Special Adviser on Petroleum and Energy Matters to the President in June 1999, replacing Godwin Aret Adams, and Chairman of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). In July 1999 his office announced that 47 offshore Exploration and Production licences awarded by the government to local companies had been cancelled, including 11 highly attractive", "title": "Rilwanu Lukman" }, { "id": "17779425", "text": "Godwin Ogbaga Godwin Ogbaga is a Nigerian Politician and Seasoned administrator who was Minister of State for Power and Steel during the short term of Maj. Gen Abdulsalami Abubakar Godwin Ogbaga was born on October 1956 in Ebonyi State, South Eastern Nigeria. He obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Agricultural Economics in 1979 from University of Ife now Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. He thereafter proceeded for his one-year compulsory National Youth Service in the same year at Nigeria Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Ibadan. He also got an LLB (Hons.) degree in Law in 1995 at", "title": "Godwin Ogbaga" }, { "id": "16194283", "text": "the subsidy removal on transportation. 1600 diesel-powered mass transit vehicles, he claimed, would be distributed. Curiously missing at the pivotal meeting were two controversial senior officials and pillars of the new policy: Finance Minister, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, and Petroleum Resources Minister, Diezani Alison-Madueke. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala is quoted as having said that she'll resign if the presidency goes back on its decision to remove the subsidy. Channels Television and Galaxy Television, two local mediahouses in Lagos, covered the Lagos protests on 3 January 2012. There was also a report on the march in the \"Daily Times of Nigeria\". In addition, Facebook group", "title": "Occupy Nigeria" }, { "id": "20204896", "text": "of the Geological Department of the Ministry of Petroleum from 1993 to 2006. He then became Permanent Secretary in the ministry in 2006. He was detained on 18 June 2016, along with three other senior civil servants. He was later released on bail but shortly into the bail was re-arrested by the National Intelligence Agency (NIA) and held in their custody. As he was not in court when the trial commenced on 28 September, it was suspended until 6 October so that he could be in court. Sanyang was appointed as Minister of Energy and Petroleum on 10 April 2017.", "title": "Fafa Sanyang" }, { "id": "20717879", "text": "attended by the Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Yemi Osinbajo, Governor of Kaduna state, Malam Nasir Ahmad El-Rufai, Adamawa state Governor, Muhammadu Jibrilla Bindow, National Security Adviser (NSA), Major-General Babagana Mungono (rtd.), Minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Malam Muhammad Musa Bello, traditional rulers across the six geo-political zones, political and business leaders, amongst others. Musa Halilu Ahmed Musa Halilu-Ahmed, also known as Musa Yola (born May 13, 1976) is a Nigerian politician and entrepreneur. He is the Dujuma of Adamawa State, a traditional title that dates back to the old Borno Empire. Musa was born", "title": "Musa Halilu Ahmed" }, { "id": "19628335", "text": "Shehu Shagari-led administration, a position she held until October 1983. She later became Nigeria's. Ambassador to the United Mexican States of Panama, Costa Rica and Guatemala. She currently serves as the President of the Nigerian chapter of Attitudinal Healing International. Ebun Oyagbola Adenike Ebunoluwa Oyagbola (née Akinola) (born May 5, 1931) is a Nigerian diplomat and politician best known for being the first female cabinet minister in Nigeria upon her appointment in 1979. Born on May 5, 1931, Oyagbola is a native of Igan Alade, a town in Yewa North local government area of Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria where she", "title": "Ebun Oyagbola" }, { "id": "18834757", "text": "Kenneth Kobani Kenneth Bie Kobani is a Nigerian politician of the People's Democratic Party. He is a former Rivers State Commissioner of Finance, and was previously a Commissioner of Commerce and Industry. He served as a minister in the Cabinet of President Jonathan, serving as Minister of State for Industry, Trade and Investment. He is currently the Secretary to the State Government in Rivers State, a position to which he was appointed in June 2015. Kobani was born in Bodo in Gokana local government area of Rivers State. He is the son of Chief Nna Edward Kobani, a local politician", "title": "Kenneth Kobani" }, { "id": "20056679", "text": "Nixon Duban Nixon Philip Duban is a Papua New Guinean politician. He was a People's National Congress member of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea from 2012 until he was unseated by court decision in 2013 and again from a 2013 by-election until 2017. He was Minister for Police (August 2012 to June 2013 and January 2014 to February 2014), Minister for Petroleum and Energy (February 2014 to January 2016), Minister for Transport and Infrastructure (January 2016 to July 2016) and Minister for Petroleum and Energy (July 2016 until August 2016) in the government of Peter O'Neill. Prior to", "title": "Nixon Duban" }, { "id": "6775206", "text": "would be short-lived, as on 17 November 1993, Babangida's former Chief of Army Staff and Minister of Defence Sani Abacha overthrew the caretaker regime and installed himself as Head of State. Popular opposition to the junta was widespread and public demonstrations were taking place on a regular basis. Immediately upon taking power, Abacha commenced the brutal repression of these subversive elements which would make his tenure notorious on a global basis. Throughout the early 1990s such popular unrest grew steadily, particularly in the Niger Delta region, where various ethnic groups began demanding compensation for years of ecological damage as well", "title": "Petroleum industry in Nigeria" }, { "id": "15637605", "text": "was appointed Minister of Environment and Hassan Muhammed Lawal was appointed Minister of Works and Housing. On 6 April 2010, Mohammed Daggash was appointed Minister of Works and Nduese Essien was appointed Minister of Lands, Housing & Urban Development. The table below lists current or past ministries. Federal Ministries of Nigeria The Federal Ministries of Nigeria are civil service departments that are responsible for delivering various types of government service. Each ministry is headed by a Permanent Secretary who reports to a Minister in the Federal Cabinet. Some government functions are provided by \"commissions\" or parastatals (government-owned corporations) that may", "title": "Federal Ministries of Nigeria" }, { "id": "14473829", "text": "Advocate of Nigeria in 2003, and was appointed Attorney General and Commissioner of Justice for Rivers State in 2003. Member, Council of Legal Education; Member Executive Committee of NBA; Member, Body of Benchers (2003- 2007); Chairman, Rivers State Sustainable Development Agency (2005-2007); Minister of State for Energy (Petroleum) and Head of Nigeria's Delegation to OPEC (July 2007-December 2008); He was appointed Minister of State of Petroleum Resources and Supervising Minister Ministry of Power and Head of Nigeria's delegation to the Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) (January2009-March 2010); Member National Economic Management Team; Member, Honorary Investment Council; Member, National Privatisation Council;", "title": "Henry Odein Ajumogobia" }, { "id": "19878101", "text": "Industry, Trade, and Investment portfolio in November 2015 by President Muhammadu Buhari. Okechukwu Enelamah Okechukwu Enelamah (born 1964) is Nigeria's Minister of Industry, Trade and Investment. He was nominated by President Muhammadu Buhari to join the Federal Cabinet in October 2015 and appointed to the Industry, Trade, and Investment portfolio in November 2015. Enelamah earned a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in 1985. He earned a Master's degree in Business Administration (MBA) from Harvard University in 1994 where he was a Baker Scholar and Loeb Fellow. He is a member of ICAN", "title": "Okechukwu Enelamah" }, { "id": "6775205", "text": "12 June 1993. These elections were declared universally free and fair (at least in comparison to past elections) by all major international election monitors, and the eventual winner of the presidential race was the Chief M.K.O. Abiola [of the newly formed SDP]. However, the military regime cynically pronounced the election, in which fourteen million Nigerians participated, to be null and void due to \"electoral irregularities\". The Nigerian people took to the streets in large numbers to protest the election's annulment. As civil unrest continued, Babangida was forced to cede power to the caretaker government of Ernest Shonekan. Shonekan's interim government", "title": "Petroleum industry in Nigeria" } ]

[ "Jonathan Roberts", "Charlotte Jorgensen", "Alec Mazo", "Edyta Sliwinska", "Ashly DelGrosso", "Louis Van Amstel" ]

[ { "id": "2423202", "text": "show has been successfully exported to other countries as \"Dancing with the Stars\" or similar names in local languages. Come Dancing Come Dancing was a British ballroom dancing competition show that ran on and off on the BBC from 1950 to 1998, becoming one of television's longest-running shows. Unlike its follow-up show, \"Strictly Come Dancing\", contestants were not celebrities. The show was created by Eric Morley, the founder of Miss World, and began in 1950 by broadcasting from regional ballroom studios, with professional dancers Syd Perkin and Edna Duffield on hand to offer teaching. In 1953, the format changed to", "title": "Come Dancing" }, { "id": "12726116", "text": "won the competition at the age of 17, making her the youngest champion until Laurie Hernandez (another Olympian gymnast) won in season 23 at 16. Shawn beat out Gilles Marini by less than 1%. The 13 celebrities and professional dancers who competed were: Originally, the season was advertised as the first U.S. season where a husband and wife would compete against each other: rodeo champion Ty Murray and singer-songwriter Jewel. The two had married the previous year after a ten-year courtship. However, just prior to the series, Jewel fractured both her tibias and was unable to perform. She was replaced", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 8)" }, { "id": "7169350", "text": "Cheryl Burke Cheryl Stephanie Burke (born May 3, 1984) is an American dancer, model and TV host. She is best known for being one of the professional dancers on ABC's \"Dancing with the Stars\", where she was the first female professional to win the show and the first professional to win twice and consecutively. She has participated in 21 seasons thus far. She came in second on the NBC series \"I Can Do That.\" She replaced Abby Lee Miller on \"Dance Moms\" in 2017. Burke was born in San Francisco, California and grew up in Atherton, California. She is the", "title": "Cheryl Burke" }, { "id": "10031872", "text": "board (with couples scoring less than them) and was eliminated. (This would be seen again in season 14 with Maria & Derek, season 15 with Sabrina & Louis, season 17 with Christina & Mark, season 24 with Heather & Maks, and season 27 with Juan Pablo & Cheryl.) On the October 25, 2006, results show, the first \"Dancing with the Stars – The Tour\" event was announced. Produced by ABC and Anschutz Entertainment Group, the live-action tour featured celebrities and professional dancers from U.S. seasons 1–3. The tour through 38 arena venues started in San Diego, California on December 19,", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 3)" }, { "id": "5325639", "text": "Osmond, Pitbull, Redfoo, Alfonso Ribeiro, Robin Roberts, David Ross, Shania Twain, and Zendaya. Color key: A total of 309 celebrities have appeared in the 27 seasons of the series. For each season, the celebrities are paired with a professional partner who instructs them in the various dances each week and competes alongside them in the televised competition. A total of 45 professional partners have appeared alongside celebrities, some for only one season (mostly in the earliest seasons). Key: In season 12, the show introduced the troupe consisting of professional dancers who perform on the show but are not paired with", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "5325656", "text": "Maksim, Jennifer & Derek and Kurt & Anna were on Ohno's team. On the results show of November 2, some awards were given out to past celebrity contestants and professionals. The 300th episode took place on the week 9 results show of season 16. Twenty-two professional dancers who had appeared on the show, both past and present, performed an opening number choreographed by Jason Gilkinson. Past pros who performed were Chelsie Hightower, Dmitry Chaplin, Louis Van Amstel, and Anna Trebunskaya. Kellie Pickler and Derek Hough danced their \"Argentine tango\" as the week's encore. However, the top 10 dances were not", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "4269734", "text": "went on to win the Christmas Champion of Champions trophy, including a dance with a perfect score of 40 out of 40. The show featured couples from the 2004 and 2005 series, as well as Rachel Hunter and Evander Holyfield from the US version of the show, \"Dancing with the Stars\". Lilia participated in the fourth series of the show partnered by Matt Dawson a former England Rugby Union scrum half. They were runners up, losing to Mark Ramprakash and Karen Hardy. This result made Lilia the first, and as of 2009, the only professional dancer to make it to", "title": "Lilia Kopylova" }, { "id": "15634845", "text": "season where none of the original pros from season one competed. The celebrity cast was revealed during an episode of \"Bachelor Pad\" on August 28, 2011. The twelve professionals were revealed on August 31, 2011 during \"Good Morning America\". Ryan O'Neal was planning on competing as a celebrity, but did not feel he was up to it after a recent knee surgery and so Carson Kressley stepped in to replace him. O'Neal hopes to compete in a future season. From the start, controversy erupted over the inclusion of Chaz Bono, the child of famous parents Sonny and Cher. His appearance", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 13)" }, { "id": "5325653", "text": "online contest is also usually held so that viewers can submit drawings of outfits for the performance. The show celebrated its 100th episode on Tuesday, May 6, 2008, during week 8 of season 6. More than 30 former cast members and pros returned, with interviews with Stacy Keibler, Lisa Rinna, Jerry Springer, Vivica A. Fox, Joey Fatone, Kenny Mayne, Sabrina Bryan, and former winners Kelly Monaco, Drew Lachey, and Apolo Anton Ohno. Other appearances, besides the season 6 cast, included Paula Abdul (in a video introduction), Jane Seymour, Ian Ziering, Mark Cuban, Wayne Newton, Leeza Gibbons, Harry Hamlin, Shandi Finnessey,", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "10031836", "text": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 2) Season two of the \"Dancing with the Stars\" (U.S. edition) premiered on the ABC network on January 5, 2006, and ended February 24, 2006. This season expanded to ten couples from six in the previous season. All the professionals dancers from season one, with the exception of Alec Mazo (who was the incumbent champion) and Charlotte Jørgensen, were a part of season two. Tom Bergeron returned as host while Samantha Harris replaced Lisa Canning as co-host. Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges. Season two expanded each program from", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 2)" }, { "id": "12726117", "text": "on the show by Playboy model Holly Madison. Murray chose to continue on the show, and Jewel appeared during the season as a special musical guest. Nancy O'Dell, the then co-host of \"Access Hollywood\", was also originally announced to be on the show, but was forced to withdraw from the competition due to a torn meniscus, which required surgery. She was replaced by Melissa Rycroft, a former Dallas Cowboys cheerleader who won season 13 of \"The Bachelor\". She only had two days to practice her first dance. Week 1: Gilles Marini & Cheryl Burke received (the highest score of the", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 8)" }, { "id": "15780050", "text": "and Hines Ward won season twelve. The 12 celebrities and professional dancers who competed were: All the professionals from season 13 returned—except for Lacey Schwimmer, who was replaced by Chelsie Hightower. Two new professionals were added into the Dance Troupe: Henry Byalikov and Emma Slater. They joined Sharna Burgess, Kiki Nyemchek, Oksana Dmyrtenko, and Sasha Farber. There was one dance for each finalist that they did not perform: Donald Driver did not perform the salsa, William Levy did not perform the waltz, and Katherine Jenkins did not perform an individual tango (Jenkins only did the tango for team dances in", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 14)" }, { "id": "1806287", "text": "Arrested Development, Jodeci, Mary J. Blige, Tupac Shakur, Father MC, Gang Starr, The Pharcyde, Simple E, Us3, Digable Planets, Pete Rock & CL Smooth, Nice & Smooth, Wreckx-n-Effect, A.D.O.R., Redman, Showbiz and A.G., Patra, Naughty By Nature, Lords of the Underground, Prince Markie Dee, A Tribe Called Quest, and Leaders of the New School. The show employed an in-house dance troupe known as the \"Fly Girls\". The original lineup consisted of Carrie Ann Inaba (who became a choreographer and judge on \"Dancing with the Stars\"), Cari French, Deidre Lang, Lisa Marie Todd, Barbara Lumpkin and Michelle Whitney-Morrison. Rosie Perez was", "title": "In Living Color" }, { "id": "15649850", "text": "group, the Lucky Stars. This series ran from 2 October 1965 to 31 December 1966 with regular Go-Jo dancers Linda Hotchkin, Jane Bartlett, Barbara von der Heyde and Thelma Bignell in performances with a chart band. The following chart shows the timeline of the GoJos on Top of the Pops and the Jo Cook dancers and GoJos on Thank Your Lucky Stars. The group continued for several years appearing on a variety of TV shows, including the Val Doonincan show and the Goodies. As The Go-Jos, they worked with Lulu in 1967 on the music and comedy series \"Three of", "title": "Go-Jos" }, { "id": "17333170", "text": "and their professional partners was announced on September 4, 2013 on \"Good Morning America\". All of the previously competing professional dancers returned for season 17 with the exception of Gleb Savchenko, Lindsay Arnold, and Kym Johnson (who took the season off to be a judge in season 13 of the Australian version). They were replaced by Tyne Stecklein, Emma Slater, and Sasha Farber. However, Savchenko and Arnold joined Henry Byalikov and Witney Carson in the Dance Troupe replacing Julian Tocker and Oksana Dmytrenko, therefore reducing the troupe to four professional dancers. This table only counts for dances scored on a", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 17)" }, { "id": "5976536", "text": "- UK - Champions, and seven times undefeated United States International Latin Champions. They retired in 1996. Ballas judges professional competitions and teaches. He is based in Los Angeles, California and Houston, Texas. Ballas has trained many of \"Dancing with the Stars\"' professionals including Karina Smirnoff, Julianne Hough, Derek Hough, Tony Dovolani, Edyta Sliwinska, Alec Mazo, Brian Fortuna, Jonathan Roberts, Anna Trebunskaya, Jessie DeSoto and, his son, Mark Ballas. On August 25, 2008, the show's producers announced Corky himself would compete as a pro on season 7, alongside his son and former pupils. He was partnered with 82-year-old actress Cloris", "title": "Corky Ballas" }, { "id": "684088", "text": "George W. Cooper. The act quickly became famous, headlining events across the country, and touring England as well. In 1908, however, the two had an altercation and the partnership was ended. Gambling on his popularity, Robinson decided to form a solo act, which was extremely rare for a black man at that time. Despite this, he had tremendous success and soon became a world-famous celebrity. He went on to have a leading role in many films, notably in movies starring Shirley Temple. Shortly thereafter, the Nicholas Brothers came on the scene. Consisting of real-life brothers Fayard and Harold, this team", "title": "Tap dance" }, { "id": "5325640", "text": "celebrity partners. The first troupe in season 12 included Oksana Dmytrenko, Tristan MacManus, Peta Murgatroyd, Kiki Nyemchek, Nicole Volynets, and Ted Volynets. Members of the season 27 troupe are Artur Adamski, Hayley Erbert, Britt Stewart, Morgan Larson and Vladislav Kvartin. Other past troupe members include Brandon Armstrong, Lindsay Arnold, Alan Bersten, Sharna Burgess, Henry Byalikov, Witney Carson, Brittany Cherry, Dasha Chesnokova, Artem Chigvintsev, Sasha Farber, Shannon Holtzapffel, Dennis Jauch, Jenna Johnson, Kiril Kulish, Tristan MacManus, Keo Motsepe, Kiki Nyemchek, Sonny Fredie Pedersen, Gleb Savchenko, Emma Slater and Julz Tocker. Key: For 17 seasons, the Harold Wheeler orchestra and singers provided", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "20252869", "text": "Newman (no relation) and Maureen Delacy. The series showcased the best amateur and professional dance couples in Australia competing against each other in categories as diverse as Traditional and Modern Ballroom, Jazz, Rap and Rock & Roll. It was a forerunner to later programs like \"Dancing With The Stars\" and became the ABC’s top rating show ever in the highly competitive Sunday 7.30pm timeslot. In 1996, he was awarded the Order of Australia Medal (OAM) for services to Dance. Newman was behind the 1989 creation of the pioneering television series, \"That’s Dancin’,\" which ran for three years in prime time", "title": "Leslie P. Newman" }, { "id": "1702870", "text": "the Clinton Administration had sought to have military uniforms banned from the White House, which has been repeatedly proven false. DeLay was a participant on the ninth season of \"Dancing with the Stars\", a reality-TV dance competition show in which celebrities such as DeLay are paired with professional dancers. DeLay's dance partner-instructor was Cheryl Burke, a two-time champion on the highly watched ABC television show. DeLay is the second former politician to compete on the show, following the former mayor of Cincinnati (1977–78), season three's Jerry Springer, better known as host of the tabloid television talk show \"The Jerry Springer", "title": "Tom DeLay" }, { "id": "17337329", "text": "Alex Wong. Although she was eliminated on August 29, 2012, she received repeated praise from the judges about her versatility as a dancer and her star quality. After the season, she performed on the 30-city tour. Arnold became a professional dancer on season 16 of the reality television series \"Dancing with the Stars\". At the time, she was the second youngest pro dancer in the show's history (Julianne Hough joined the show at 18). She was partnered with professional boxer Victor Ortiz. They finished in 8th place and were eliminated in week six after getting three 6s. She returned in", "title": "Lindsay Arnold" }, { "id": "10031838", "text": "all but the eliminated couple was random). Rapper Romeo was scheduled to appear in this season, but suffered an injury before the first show and was replaced by his father, Master P. Romeo eventually participated in season 12 and was partnered with Chelsie Hightower. The ten celebrities and professional dance partners were: In season two, Drew Lachey and Stacy Keibler broke out as the early frontrunners, as both had solid early performances, and some prior dance experience: Lachey's stage performances with 98 Degrees were extensively choreographed, and Keibler had childhood dance training as well as being a professional cheerleader. Although", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 2)" }, { "id": "6848954", "text": "Kristy Swanson were involved in an extramarital affair. The duo defeated the team of television personality Jillian Barberie and U.S. pairs champion John Zimmerman to win the show's first - and only - championship. On March 2, 2006 production was cancelled and it was announced that the show would not return for a second season. Following the success of ABC's \"Dancing with the Stars,\" Fox started airing its own celebrity competition revolving around skating instead of dancing. The show paired six champion figure skaters with six celebrities who have various degrees of skating experience, including Deborah Gibson, a novice; Dave", "title": "Skating with Celebrities" }, { "id": "2423200", "text": "Come Dancing Come Dancing was a British ballroom dancing competition show that ran on and off on the BBC from 1950 to 1998, becoming one of television's longest-running shows. Unlike its follow-up show, \"Strictly Come Dancing\", contestants were not celebrities. The show was created by Eric Morley, the founder of Miss World, and began in 1950 by broadcasting from regional ballroom studios, with professional dancers Syd Perkin and Edna Duffield on hand to offer teaching. In 1953, the format changed to become a competition, with later series seeing regions of the United Kingdom going head to head for the coveted", "title": "Come Dancing" }, { "id": "8388213", "text": "Louis Van Amstel Louis van Amstel (born June 23, 1972) is a Dutch-American ballroom dance champion, professional dancer, and choreographer who appears on the U.S. reality television series \"Dancing with the Stars\". He is the creator of the popular dance fitness program LaBlast. Louis van Amstel was born in Amsterdam; his grandparents were competitive ballroom dancers. He began dancing at 10 and entered competitions at 15. He stopped attending school at 16 to pursue dancing full-time. Van Amstel competed professionally with Julie Fryer, and they were coached by Ruud Vermeij. In 1990, Van Amstel and Fryer became Dutch Latin Champions", "title": "Louis Van Amstel" }, { "id": "1064683", "text": "romantic interest, but when she proved to be an inadequate dance partner Astaire did most of his dancing with Burns and Allen. The trio's inspired comic dance in the film's \"Fun House\" sequence earned an Academy Award for choreographer Hermes Pan. Burns suggested a dance number that employs whiskbrooms as props, used in vaudeville by a duo called Evans and Evans. He bought the idea and auditioned the routine for Astaire, with Allen and the surviving member of the vaudeville team. This movie led Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to cast Burns and Allen in its Eleanor Powell musical, \"Honolulu\" (1939). This was their", "title": "Burns and Allen" }, { "id": "12403073", "text": "state. On August 15, 2013, Johnson, along with her 2007 Worlds team teammates, was inducted into the USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame. In February 2009, Johnson became a celebrity competitor on ABC's \"Dancing with the Stars\" season eight, partnered with season six winner, professional dancer Mark Ballas. In the finale, the tightest in the show's history, Johnson beat Gilles Marini by less than 1%. She was the youngest champion in the show's history at that time. In April 2009, she appeared in the music video \"Do You Love Me\" by Ballas Hough Band wearing one of her \"Dancing with the", "title": "Shawn Johnson East" }, { "id": "5976534", "text": "Corky Ballas Mark Alexander Ballas Sr. (born December 25, 1960), known as Corky Ballas, is a retired competitive ballroom dancer of Greek, Mexican and Spanish descent who holds several Latin dance championship titles. His son, Mark Ballas, is a professional dancer on \"Dancing with the Stars\". His father was George Ballas, who invented the Weed Eater lawn-trimming device. Ballas was born in Houston, Texas. He is the son of Mexican-American Maria Marulanda and Greek-American George Ballas, the inventor of the Weed Eater lawn-trimming device. His paternal grandparents, Karolos (\"Charles\") Ballas and Maria Lymnaos were immigrants to the United States from", "title": "Corky Ballas" }, { "id": "15733282", "text": "and was a bombardier. Ballas would later serve in the Korean War. He married Maria Marulanda who was of Mexican and Spanish descent in 1951. He had five children, Corky Ballas, George Ballas Jr., Michelle Ballas Pritchard, Maria Ballas Jamail, and Lillian Ballas Miles. His grandson Mark Ballas is a dancer in \"Dancing with the Stars\". He had six other grandchildren. Ballas got the idea for the trimmer while driving through an automatic car wash, where the rotating brushes gave him an idea. Using a tin can laced with fishing line and an edge trimmer, he tried out his idea,", "title": "George Ballas" }, { "id": "11447429", "text": "in vaudeville. Although individual dance and acrobatic acts had been performed in vaudeville for several decades prior to 1900, it was not until the early 1900s that it became popular to perform acts that combined dance and acrobatic movements. Acrobatic dance did not suddenly appear in vaudeville; rather, it appeared gradually over time in a variety of forms, and consequently no individual performer has been cited as its originator. Sherman Coates (1872–1912), who performed with the Watermelon Trust from 1900 to 1914, was recalled by fellow dancers as the first acrobatic dancer they had ever seen. Another of the earliest", "title": "Acro dance" }, { "id": "10850796", "text": "Mark Ballas Mark Alexander Ballas Jr. (born May 24, 1986) is an American dancer, choreographer, singer-songwriter, musician, and actor. Ballas is a professional ballroom dancer on the ABC program \"Dancing with the Stars\". He began competing on the show in season five during the fall of 2007 and was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Choreography in 2011. Ballas released his first solo CD \"HurtLoveBox\" in March 2011. Ballas was born in Houston, Texas, the son of dancers Corky Ballas and Shirley Ballas (née Rich). His paternal grandparents were of Mexican, Spanish, and Greek background, and his mother is originally", "title": "Mark Ballas" }, { "id": "3256808", "text": "Kelly Monaco Kelly Marie Monaco (born May 23, 1976) is an American model, actress, and reality television personality, best known for her portrayal of Sam McCall on the ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\" and as the first season winner of the reality TV competition series \"Dancing with the Stars\". Monaco was also Playboy \"Playmate of the Month\" for April 1997, and portrayed Livvie Locke on the soap opera \"Port Charles\" from 1997 through 2003. Kelly Monaco was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Albert \"Al\" and Carmina Monaco. She is the middle child and has four sisters: Christine, Marissa, Carmina and", "title": "Kelly Monaco" }, { "id": "5325647", "text": "was a minor, which therefore required her parents to sign-off on the contract. But although her mother signed, the contract lacked her father's signature, so the judge refused to validate the contract, despite Irwin's father being the world-famous naturalist Steve Irwin, whose death in 2006 had been widely covered in the news/media. The judge later validated the contract once Steve Irwin's death certificate was presented to the court, resulting in Bindi receiving a $350,000 paycheck from the show. The first person to withdraw from competition was Romeo in season 2. His father, Master P, took his place in the competition", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "10564221", "text": "dancers. The original cast included four New York City Ballet stars of their time: Canadian ballerina Melissa Hayden and Americans Jacques d'Amboise, Allegra Kent and Diana Adams. It premiered January 17, 1958 at City Center of Music and Drama, New York, with costumes by Barbara Karinska and lighting by Mark Stanley. When Balanchine was asked for his reason to choreograph a ballet to Sousa's marches, he famously replied: \"Because I like his music. Melissa Hayden later coached Gillian Murphy for this ballet while Murphy was still a soloist with the American Ballet Theatre. This ballet was performed for many memorable", "title": "Stars and Stripes (ballet)" }, { "id": "10850807", "text": "are not limited to: Mark Ballas Mark Alexander Ballas Jr. (born May 24, 1986) is an American dancer, choreographer, singer-songwriter, musician, and actor. Ballas is a professional ballroom dancer on the ABC program \"Dancing with the Stars\". He began competing on the show in season five during the fall of 2007 and was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Choreography in 2011. Ballas released his first solo CD \"HurtLoveBox\" in March 2011. Ballas was born in Houston, Texas, the son of dancers Corky Ballas and Shirley Ballas (née Rich). His paternal grandparents were of Mexican, Spanish, and Greek background, and", "title": "Mark Ballas" }, { "id": "15780051", "text": "week seven). Starting the week of April 16, 2012 and for the next two weeks after that, the bottom two couples, after a combination of judges scores and viewer votes, competed in a dance-duel. Both couples performed at the same time and then the judges decided who left the competition that week. This season introduced \"Ballroom Battles\" where Cheryl Burke, Mark Ballas, Louis Van Amstel, Lacey Schwimmer, Karina Smirnoff and Tony Dovolani chose a pair of amateur dancers and trained them to compete against other amateur couples. The teams of Burke, Dovolani and van Amstel competed in the final stage", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 14)" }, { "id": "9217648", "text": "Maksim Chmerkovskiy Maksim \"Maks\" Aleksandrovich Chmerkovskiy (, ; born January 17, 1980) is a Ukrainian-American Latin–ballroom dance champion, choreographer, and instructor. He is widely known as one of the professional dancers on the American television series \"Dancing with the Stars\", on which he first appeared in season two. In his 17 seasons as a competing pro on the show, Chmerkovskiy made it to the final round five times, with two runner-up and two third-place finishes. On May 20, 2014, Chmerkovskiy, paired with Olympic ice dancer Meryl Davis, won his first \"Dancing with the Stars\" title. Chmerkovskiy has also starred in", "title": "Maksim Chmerkovskiy" }, { "id": "18873229", "text": "Keo Motsepe Keoikantse \"Keo\" Motsepe (born 24 November 1989) is a South African dancer. His dancing styles are Latin and Ballroom. He is known for being the first black professional dancer on the ABC show \"Dancing with the Stars\". Motsepe started his career at 11 years of age by entering into in a competitive dance scene representing his country. In 2012 Motsepe joined the cast of \"Burn the Floor\". In 2014 it was announced that Motsepe would join the cast of pro dancers on \"Dancing with the Stars\". In season 19, Motsepe was paired up with Olympic athlete Lolo Jones.", "title": "Keo Motsepe" }, { "id": "15733281", "text": "George Ballas George Charles Ballas Sr. (June 28, 1925 – June 25, 2011) was an American entrepreneur. He invented the first string trimmer, known as the Weed Eater in 1971. He is the father of ballroom dancer, Corky Ballas, and grandfather of professional dancer Mark Ballas of \"Dancing with the Stars\". Ballas was born in Ruston, Louisiana. He was the son of Karolos (\"Charles\") Ballas and Maria (née Lymnaos), who were Greek immigrants that ran a restaurant. His brother is Peter Ballas. He enlisted in the United States Army at the age of 17 in 1942 during World War II", "title": "George Ballas" }, { "id": "13549506", "text": "Daniel Nagrin Daniel Nagrin (May 22, 1917 – December 29, 2008) was an American modern dancer, choreographer, teacher, and author. He was born in New York City. Nagrin studied with Martha Graham, Anna Sokolow, Hanya Holm, Bill Matons and Helen Tamiris whom he later married. In addition to work as a modern dancer, Nagrin also performed on Broadway in \"Plain and Fancy\", \"Up in Central Park\", and \"Annie Get Your Gun,\" among other musicals. His 1950 dance \"Dance in the Sun\" was adapted by filmmaker Shirley Clarke for her 1953 film of the same name. In June 1954 he formed", "title": "Daniel Nagrin" }, { "id": "3734229", "text": "Aliona Vilani, former professional winner Ola Jordan, and two-times professional finalist Kristina Rihanoff as well as Gleb Savchenko and Tristan MacManus. Joanne Clifton was returning after a one series hiatus. The leaving professionals were replaced by Katya Jones, \"Burn the Floor\" dancer Gorka Márquez and former \"Dancing with the Stars US\" troupe member Oksana Platero. On 26 July 2016, three more new professional dancers were announced as AJ Pritchard, Chloe Hewitt and Neil Jones, husband of new dancer Katya. Chloe Hewitt and Neil Jones did not partner a celebrity as the professionals outnumbered the celebrities, although they were still in", "title": "Strictly Come Dancing" }, { "id": "15634844", "text": "Ballas, Lacey Schwimmer, Karina Smirnoff, Anna Trebunskaya, and Kym Johnson—returned this season. Maksim's brother, Valentin Chmerkovskiy, made his debut competing as a professional. Peta Murgatroyd and Tristan MacManus, part of season 12's troupe of dancers, also became professional partners for the first time. Louis van Amstel did not compete as a professional, but participated in a new segment called \"Ballroom Battles\", which would be canceled on November 7. The troupe also returns with three returning troupe members, Teddy Volynets, Kiki Nyemchek, and Oksana Dmytrenko, and 3 new members Sasha Farber, Sharna Burgess, and Dasha Chesnokova. This is also the first", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 13)" }, { "id": "10182502", "text": "The players complete in a 10 week season and work towards placing high on the leaderboard. Professionals For the PC game, the player can choose any of the following characters and he or she will automatically be partnered with either a professional dancer or a celebrity depending on the character the player chooses. The dances included in the game are taken from the ABC TV show of the same name. A sequel, \"\", was released October 21, 2008 for Wii and Nintendo DS. The game is much improved on the previous ones, with score multipliers, options for new costumes and", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (video game)" }, { "id": "3256816", "text": "costar Kirsten Storms counseled her through her feelings on that episode by convincing her to burn her prom dress. On April 25, 2009, Monaco's apartment at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino was ransacked by burglars. Kelly Monaco Kelly Marie Monaco (born May 23, 1976) is an American model, actress, and reality television personality, best known for her portrayal of Sam McCall on the ABC soap opera \"General Hospital\" and as the first season winner of the reality TV competition series \"Dancing with the Stars\". Monaco was also Playboy \"Playmate of the Month\" for April 1997, and portrayed Livvie Locke", "title": "Kelly Monaco" }, { "id": "18692166", "text": "at different dates through different media. The full cast of celebrities and professional dancers was revealed on September 2, 2015, on \"GMA.\" During the show, two celebrities (Kim Zolciak-Biermann and Tamar Braxton) withdrew \"during\" the competition due to health issues, marking the first time two contestants withdrew in midseason (Nancy O'Dell and Jewel both withdrew from Season 8 before the first episode). Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned as hosts, while judges Carrie Ann Inaba, Julianne Hough, and Bruno Tonioli all returned this season. After twenty seasons, Len Goodman did not return this season as a judge; in a video", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)" }, { "id": "5325654", "text": "and Hélio Castroneves. New routines were performed by Apolo Anton Ohno and Julianne Hough, Mel B and Maksim Chmerkovskiy, and by Mario Lopez with the cast of \"A Chorus Line\", in which he was starring on Broadway. The musical guest was country group Rascal Flatts. The judges also presented a countdown of their choices for the top 10 perfect-scoring dances of the 1st 5 seasons. Their choices were: In season 11, viewers were allowed two votes per day on the \"DWTS\" website to vote for their favorite out of 30 given choices. On Oct 25, 2010, a countdown of the", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "20029152", "text": "In the following days, Lindsay Arnold, Sharna Burgess, Witney Carson, Artem Chigvintsev, Valentin Chmerkovskiy, Sasha Farber, Gleb Savchenko, and Emma Slater were all confirmed to be returning as professional dancers. Also, Kym Herjavec (who last competed in season 20) and Keo Motsepe (who last competed in season 22) were confirmed to be returning as professional dancers. Pros from the previous season not returning included Cheryl Burke, Allison Holker, Derek Hough, and Jenna Johnson. The full list of celebrities and pros was announced on March 1, 2017, on \"Good Morning America\". Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned as hosts, and Carrie", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 24)" }, { "id": "2243233", "text": "17th season of \"Dancing with the Stars\". She was partnered with professional dancer Tristan MacManus. Harper and MacManus were voted-off the show on October 7, 2013. In the 1970s/80s, Harper was involved in the Women's Liberation Movement and was an advocate of the Equal Rights Amendment. With Dennis Weaver she co-founded L.I.F.E. in 1983, a charity that fed thousands of needy in Los Angeles. Harper married actor Richard Schaal in 1964. They divorced in 1978. Harper later married Tony Cacciotti in 1987; the couple adopted a daughter. In 2009, Harper was diagnosed with lung cancer. She announced on March 6,", "title": "Valerie Harper" }, { "id": "4512867", "text": "series-special, rather than its own version of the TV series. This one ran from 8 April 2006, to 17 March 2007 on NTV-4. The show () has aired on MBC TV since June 10, 2011, and is hosted by Lee Deok-hwa, with co-host Lee So-ra in Season 1 while former contestant Kim Gyu-ri co-hosted the second season. The first season was won by Moon Hee-joon and his partner Ahn Hye-sang while the second season was won by Choi Yeo-jin and her partner Park Ji-woo. The 3rd Season was won by pop-singer and dancer Fei and her partner Kim Soo Ro.", "title": "Dancing with the Stars" }, { "id": "4327915", "text": "American Ballet The American Ballet was the first professional ballet company George Balanchine created in the United States. The company was founded with the help of Lincoln Kirstein and Edward Warburg, managed by Alexander Merovitch and populated by students of Kirstein and Balanchine's School of American Ballet. Having failed to mount a tour, American Ballet began performing at the \"Old Met.\" After being allowed to stage only two dance performances (\"Orfeo and Eurydice\" in 1936 and an evening of dances choreographed to the music of Igor Stravinsky in 1937), Balanchine moved the company to Hollywood in 1938. The company was", "title": "American Ballet" }, { "id": "13361131", "text": "with partners, in burlesque and vaudeville. and in prohibition-era speakeasies. De Marco danced with several female partners, of whom the best known were his wives. Tony's first wife was Nina Kroner and his second Renée. Tony and Renee began dancing together when he was 29 and she was 16. He was best known for his performances with his third wife, Sally Craven, a ballet dancer. Sally Craven doubled for Vivien Leigh in the long shots of dances in \"Gone with the Wind\" (1939). Tony DeMarco became known in 1924 with \"George White's Scandals\". He was the dance director for \"Harry", "title": "Tony DeMarco (dancer)" }, { "id": "8759243", "text": "Ashly comes from the same dance studio as Jaymz Tuaileva, Julianne Hough, Derek Hough, Chelsie Hightower, and Jared Murillo. With celebrity partner Joey McIntyre: 21.3 With celebrity partner Master P: 12.5 With celebrity partner Harry Hamlin: 20.0 With celebrity partner Buzz Aldrin: 13.0 Ashly DelGrosso Ashly DelGrosso-Costa (born July 9, 1982), known professionally as Ashly Costa, is a professional dancer from Highland, Utah who starred on the ABC television series \"Dancing with the Stars\" for the first three seasons and returned March 22, 2010 for season 10. DelGrosso was born in Denver, Colorado. A self-described \"Utah County Mormon\", she was", "title": "Ashly DelGrosso" }, { "id": "1593849", "text": "a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In fact, the original 1,550 stars were created and installed as a unit in 1960; no one star was officially \"first\". The first star actually completed was director Stanley Kramer's. The origin of this legend is not known with certainty, but according to Johnny Grant, the longtime Honorary Mayor of Hollywood, Woodward was the first celebrity to agree to pose with her star for photographers, and therefore was singled out in the collective public imagination as the first awardee. In 1994, she and her husband were jointly presented the Award for Greatest", "title": "Joanne Woodward" }, { "id": "13821910", "text": "Champion. She joined Seven Network's \"Dancing with the Stars\" in 2004, partnering athlete Matt Shirvington. She then partnered Ian Roberts, and won the 2006 series with AFL footballer Anthony Koutoufides. Lowe then partnered \"Home and Away\" actor Tim Campbell, and, in 2008, partnered boxer Danny Green. Highest and lowest scoring performances per dance In 2009, Lowe competed as a new professional dancer on the seventh series of the original British version of \"Strictly Come Dancing\", partnering Hollyoaks' Ricky Whittle. Lowe joined the show with fellow newcomers Aliona Vilani and Katya Virshilas. After their first dance together in front of the", "title": "Natalie Lowe" }, { "id": "17750786", "text": "a nominee for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography alongside Derek Hough in 2013, made her debut as a professional this season, along with season 18 troupe member and former \"Strictly Come Dancing\" champion pro Artem Chigvintsev and South African Latin American ballroom champion Keo Motsepe. Other members of the troupe are Lindsay Arnold, Sasha Farber and Jenna Johnson, all of whom have performed in past seasons. Season 16 pro and former troupe member Gleb Savchenko performed with the current troupe members in the season premiere episode. This table only counts for dances scored on a 40-point scale (the", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 19)" }, { "id": "14573322", "text": "\"The Billboard\" said of the show: Veloz and Yolanda performed as dancers in: Notes Citations Sources External links Veloz and Yolanda Frank Veloz (1902–1981) and Yolanda Casazza (1911–1995) were a self-taught American ballroom dance team, husband and wife, who became stars in the 1930s and 1940s. They were among the highest paid dance acts during this period. They performed on stage in productions such as \"Hot-Cha!\", which ran for 119 shows on Broadway in 1932. They also appeared in popular films such as \"Under the Pampas Moon\" (1935), \"The Pride of the Yankees\" (1942), \"Honeymoon Lodge\" (1943), \"Brazil\" (1944) and", "title": "Veloz and Yolanda" }, { "id": "18418565", "text": "Paige VanZant Paige Michelle Vanderford (\"née\" Sletten; born March 26, 1994), known professionally as Paige VanZant, is an American mixed martial artist, author, and a former model. VanZant is signed to the flyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Outside of mixed martial arts, she has appeared in the television series \"Dancing with the Stars\" and \"Chopped\". VanZant was born in Dundee, Oregon, and raised in Dayton, Oregon. Her parents owned a dance studio, and she was brought up dancing ballet, jazz, and hip hop for over 13 years. As a teen, she appeared in a mop commercial for Bissell.", "title": "Paige VanZant" }, { "id": "15649847", "text": "Beat Room\", from July 1964. She was forced to leave the Beat Girls in October 1964 due to a contractual dispute. In November 1964, Top of the Pops producers had decided a dance troupe was needed to perform when the act was not available. Jo Cook won the job of providing this troupe, and so created the group, the Go-Jos, named after herself Their first performance was on 19 November 1964 dancing to Baby Love by The Supremes. The group usually danced on Top of the Pops to the latest pop hits dressed in the mini skirts and high boots", "title": "Go-Jos" }, { "id": "3734226", "text": "the list of professionals participating in the thirteenth series was revealed. Professionals from the last series who did not return included Trent Whiddon, Iveta Lukosiute and Joanne Clifton. Clifton would remain involved in group dances and would feature on \"\" as a dance expert. Robin Windsor, absent from the previous series because of injury, also did not return for this series. Three new professional dancers were introduced: Russian dancer Gleb Savchenko (from the American, Australian, and Russian versions of \"Dancing with the Stars\"), South African dancer Oti Mabuse (from Germany's \"Let's Dance\") and Italian dancer Giovanni Pernice. On 3 October", "title": "Strictly Come Dancing" }, { "id": "13015930", "text": "They performed their single, \"Move\", the lead-off single to their upcoming untitled second studio album. Before the band's foundation, Derek Hough and sister Julianne performed as professional dancers. They and Mark Ballas competed on the ABC television series \"Dancing with the Stars\". Before joining the roster of professional dancers of \"Dancing With The Stars,\" Derek Hough and Mark Ballas were living in Great Britain, as was Derek's sister Julianne. The three had previously been members of the musical team 2B1G, whose name stood for \"Two Boys, One Girl.\" After Julianne left this team, Mark and Derek formed another band, which", "title": "Ballas Hough Band" }, { "id": "7220894", "text": "Tony Dovolani Driton \"Tony\" Dovolani (born July 17, 1973) is an Albanian-American professional ballroom dancer, instructor and judge. He is known for his involvement in the American version of \"Dancing with the Stars\" on ABC. Dovolani also portrayed Slick Willy in the hit film \"Shall We Dance?\" and spent time coaching actress Jennifer Lopez. Dovolani was born in Pristina, Kosovo to Albanian parents from Debar. He began folk dancing at the age of three. At the age of fifteen, his family moved to Stamford, Connecticut. He got the opportunity to attend classes at a Fred Astaire Dance Academy. Dovolani joined", "title": "Tony Dovolani" }, { "id": "5325649", "text": "physical demands of the show. He was replaced on March 2 by Pixar voice actor John Ratzenberger who was partnered with Edyta Sliwinska. In season seven, Misty May-Treanor withdrew from the competition in week three, after rupturing her Achilles tendon when rehearsing her jive with her partner, Maksim Chmerkovskiy. She did not perform the routine at all nor was she scored for it; no one else was eliminated that week. In season eight, Jewel and Nancy O'Dell were injured before the season even began and could not compete. Jewel was diagnosed with fractured tibias in both legs; she came back", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "684094", "text": "of tap and what later evolved into (what most people know as tap now) \"show tap\", because it uses more arm movement. This form evolved because show tap was thought to be more exciting to watch and became famous when show tap was put on Broadway. Steve Condos developed an innovative rhythmic tap style that influenced the work of later tap dancers such as Gregory Hines and Savion Glover. Steve passed his knowledge on to his protege Marshall L. Davis Jr. The majority of early hoofers, such as Sammy Davis Jr., Glover, Hines, and LaVaughn Robinson were African American men.", "title": "Tap dance" }, { "id": "18692171", "text": "a host; he was absent to be with his ailing father. Alfonso Ribeiro filled in for Bergeron. Pro dancer Allison Holker announced that she was pregnant with her second child. She continued to dance with Andy Grammer until their elimination several episodes later. \"Individual judges scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Julianne Hough, Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Bruno Tonioli\". Couples performed one unlearned dance with a different partner selected by the general public; due to the nature of the week, no elimination took place. Argentine tango is introduced.", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)" }, { "id": "12250959", "text": "Chelsie Hightower Chelsie Kay Hightower (born July 21, 1989) is a ballroom dancer. She is known for being a regular dance partner, trainer and choreographer on the ABC competition show \"Dancing with the Stars\", where she was a professional from Season 8 to 15, excluding Season 13. Born Chelsie Kay Hightower in Las Vegas, Nevada, and raised in Orem, Utah with five older brothers and her mother and father until they divorced in 2006. She started dancing when she was nine years old and received conventional training since the age of 14. She has been trained in ballroom, jazz, ballet,", "title": "Chelsie Hightower" }, { "id": "1287850", "text": "airplay on music channels including MTV2 and MMUSA. In 2004, Ali appeared on the \"George Lopez\" show, where she owned a gym, as well as on \"Real Husbands of Hollywood\". In mid-2007, Ali was a participant in season four of the American version of the television show \"Dancing with the Stars\"; she had no previous dancing experience. She and her professional dancing partner, Maksim Chmerkovskiy, were widely praised by the judges, receiving the first \"10\" from judge Len Goodman for their rumba. They came in third place in the competition, losing to Apolo Anton Ohno (with Julianne Hough) and Joey", "title": "Laila Ali" }, { "id": "2472586", "text": "he was part of his parents' act on vaudeville, but on breaks he would sneak into the orchestra pit and try to get the drummer's sticks. He was on Broadway as Baby Traps the Drum Wonder at age four, playing \"Stars and Stripes Forever\" on a drum. He was a singer and tap dancer. In his teens he led a band and toured in the U.S. and Australia. At fifteen he became the second highest paid child entertainer behind Jackie Coogan during the 1930s. His jazz career began in 1937 with clarinetist Joe Marsala. He became a member of big", "title": "Buddy Rich" }, { "id": "17337328", "text": "the Salt Lake Temple in Salt Lake City. Fellow \"Dancing with the Stars\" dancers Brittany Cherry, Jenna Johnson, and Emma Slater were among her bridesmaids, with Witney Carson serving as her maid of honor. At the age of 18, Arnold auditioned for the ninth season of \"So You Think You Can Dance.\" She made it through to the top twenty finalists. Her partner was martial arts fusion dancer Cole Horibe. When only ten dancers remained, the contestants switched partners to a new all-star each week. As she proceeded to the top 8 dancers, Arnold partnered with dancers Jakob Karr and", "title": "Lindsay Arnold" }, { "id": "5325648", "text": "before the beginning of broadcasts, being partnered with Ashly DelGrosso. However, Romeo later competed in season 12 and finished in 5th place. He was partnered with Chelsie Hightower. On week six in season three, Sara Evans cited her divorce as the reason for leaving the competition. No one was eliminated that week. Another withdrawal occurred during the run-up to season four on February 28, when Vincent Pastore withdrew from the competition after only one week of training. Pastore said he did not realize how much work was needed during a ten-week period, and that he was not up to the", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "5325635", "text": "premiere for a spring season in 2019, but is set to return in the fall of 2019. The format of the show consists of a celebrity paired with a professional dancer. Each couple performs predetermined dances and competes against the others for judges' points and audience votes. The couple receiving the lowest combined total of judges' points and audience votes is eliminated each week until only the champion dance pair remains. Tom Bergeron has been the host since the program's premiere in 2005. In season 1, his co-host was Lisa Canning. She was replaced by Samantha Harris for seasons 2", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "14573312", "text": "began arguing over each other's mistakes, even considering divorce. In the 1930s, Veloz and Yolanda performed at first in small night clubs in New York, and later at expensive supper clubs. They appeared as specialty dancers in the Broadway musical comedy \"Hot-Cha!\" which ran for 119 performances at the Ziegfeld Theatre between 8 March and 18 June 1932. They got their break when they were performing at the Everglades in Manhattan and were spotted by the Shubert brothers. This led to a highly successful career on the stage, in films and in supper clubs. Veloz and Yolanda choreographed the dance", "title": "Veloz and Yolanda" }, { "id": "20474877", "text": "and \"Schubert's Last Serenade\", \"The Final Analysis\", and \"The Super Lover\" in 1975. In 1978, Miller was a founding member and reconstructionist of the American Dance Machine, a company and briefly a school devoted to preserving the great dance numbers from Broadway and television shows. He was responsible for restaging Carol Haney's choreography for \"Me and My Girl,\" first presented on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" in 1962. He also taught master dance classes at many universities in the United States. He was regarded as one of the leading teachers of jazz dance in the country. Openly gay for most of", "title": "Buzz Miller" }, { "id": "1672404", "text": "ABC's \"Skating with the Stars\" as a celebrity contestant who skated with professional ice skater Jennifer Wester. In 2012, Neil participated in flight training in Henderson, Nevada for the PBS television series \"The Aviators\", as reported by the \"Las Vegas Sun\". In 2017, Neil was a cast member on \"The New Celebrity Apprentice\" until his elimination in task 7. Neil married his first wife, Beth Lynn, in 1981; they divorced in 1985. In April 1987, Neil married Sharise Ruddell, a mud wrestler and fashion model. The couple had one daughter, Skylar (March 26, 1991 – August 15, 1995), before divorcing", "title": "Vince Neil" }, { "id": "20314073", "text": "perfect scores by a celebrity in a season (9), surpassing Bindi Irwin (season 21) and Laurie Hernandez (season 23). \"Good Morning America\" announced the professional dancers who would be competing in the upcoming season. The two professionals from the previous season that did not return were Kym Johnson-Herjavec and Sasha Farber. Farber returned to the troupe, and Mark Ballas, who last appeared on season 22, also returned. Alan Bersten, a troupe member since season 20, was promoted to pro. On September 4, it was revealed that Cheryl Burke was the thirteenth pro added to the lineup. Drew Scott was announced", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)" }, { "id": "17004569", "text": "They then performed simultaneously with those professional dancers. Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Anna Trebunskaya, Chelsie Hightower, Tony Dovolani and Tristan MacManus were among the pros returning as well as Henry Byalikov, Emma Slater, Sasha Farber and Witney Carson from the troupe. Each couple performed to a song by Stevie Wonder. Hunter Hayes performed a duet with Wonder for an opening performance. Each couple also performed a team dance picked by the highest scoring couples Zendaya and Val (Team Paso doble) and Kellie and Derek (Team Samba). Each couple danced to a Latin hit. After having danced, the top scoring couple was saved", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 16)" }, { "id": "5325650", "text": "later in the season to perform \"Somewhere Over the Rainbow\" on a results show. O'Dell suffered from a torn knee cartilage. They were replaced by Holly Madison and Melissa Rycroft who would be dancing with their partners for the rest of the season (Dmitry Chaplin and Tony Dovolani). Tom DeLay, in season nine, withdrew in week three of competition due to a full stress fracture that had developed in both feet from an earlier pre-stress fracture in one foot. DeLay was declared safe before he announced his withdrawal during the October 6, 2009 results show. Debi Mazar was still eliminated", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "17337327", "text": "Lindsay Arnold Lindsay Arnold Cusick (born January 11, 1994) is an American professional Latin and ballroom dancer. She was a contestant on \"So You Think You Can Dance\". She is a professional dancer and choreographer on \"Dancing with the Stars\". Arnold, born and raised in Provo, Utah, by Josh and Mindy Arnold, and is the oldest of four daughters, Jensen (born 1997), Brynley (born 2000) and Rylee (born 2005) On June 18, 2015, she married her high school sweetheart, Samuel Cusick. Arnold and Cusick exchanged vows in a private ceremony of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints at", "title": "Lindsay Arnold" }, { "id": "5643149", "text": "show, starring Butler and Flatley. The show toured throughout 1995. After Flatley abruptly left the show over creative control disputes in October 1995, Butler was joined by long-time friend Colin Dunne. The pair were the lead dancers at the famous Radio City Music Hall in New York City, New York that was filmed and put on DVD. After a long and extremely successful run with the show, Butler eventually left \"Riverdance\" in January 1997. In 1998, following Dunne's departure from \"Riverdance\", Butler once again collaborated with her friend to create the show \"Dancing on Dangerous Ground\", which was based on", "title": "Jean Butler" }, { "id": "12371664", "text": "version improves on the original with refined Wii Remote and Nunchuk controls. Other additions include new special \"flair\" moves. The Nintendo DS version features changeable outfits and swappable partners. Notes: Sabrina Bryan's original partner was Mark Ballas. However, in the all-star season, her partner is Louis Van Amstel. But, the all-star season did not exist until fall 2012. Chelsie Hightower did not become a professional competitor until season 8 in Spring 2009, and is therefore excluded from the game. Julianne Hough became a judge in 2014. Dancing with the Stars: We Dance! Dancing with the Stars: We Dance! (Also called", "title": "Dancing with the Stars: We Dance!" }, { "id": "10031841", "text": "of the series. Also, Master P and his partner Ashly DelGrosso scored the lowest score in the history of the show, an 8 (4,2,2) out of 30. Despite making it to the finals, the three Finalists had one unlearned dance that they did not perform. Drew & Jerry had not learned the Waltz, and Stacy had not learned the Paso doble. Also, none of the male stars performed the Waltz. Musical guests such as the Pussycat Dolls, Jesse McCartney, Natasha Bedingfield, Michael Bublé, Bill Medley, Burt Bacharach, Mary J. Blige, Scissor Sisters and Barry Manilow performed while the professional dancers", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 2)" }, { "id": "14599943", "text": "time since season seven. This is the first season to feature no new professional dancers, as each of the 12 pros has appeared on at least one previous season. Edyta Śliwińska, the only pro to have appeared throughout the entire run of the series, did not return this season. Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli, and Carrie Ann Inaba continued as the judges. Several changes were introduced this season including an \"Acoustic Week,\" in which couples performed either the Rumba or the Argentine Tango, while the audience was brought closer to the dance floor, which was elevated and made circular, a \"TV", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 11)" }, { "id": "15186438", "text": "Peas (\"Don't Stop the Party\"), The Go-Go's (\"We Got the Beat\") and Sara Evans (\"A Little Bit Stronger\"). The second song featured dances by Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Lacey Schwimmer, Cheryl Burke and Chelsie Hightower. This was the first season with a dance troupe. The dance troupe consisted of six dancers: Oksana Dmyrenko, Tristan MacManus, Peta Murgatroyd, Kiki Nyemchek, Nicole Volynets, and Ted Volynets. Season 12 was one of the most watched seasons. Numerous episodes were the most watched show in the USA for the week. The show tied with \"Modern Family\", a sitcom which also airs on ABC, for the season's", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 12)" }, { "id": "11396367", "text": "2001, Jones and Crossley turned professional. They competed in a number of professional competitions between 2001 and 2002, including the British National Dance Championships, the 2002 British Open, the 2002 UK Open, the Asian Open Professional Championships, and the 2001 and 2002 Elsa Wells International Championships. Jones took part in the first series of \"Strictly Come Dancing\", the UK television programme which was exported to 30 other countries as \"Dancing with the Stars\". Jones was partnered with stand-up comedian Jason Wood. They were the first to leave the competition, after being voted out in the second week of the show.", "title": "Kylie Jones" }, { "id": "5152418", "text": "My Children\" as well as CBS Daytime's \"As the World Turns\", both of which were based in New York at the time, and Monaco's eagerness to stay on the West coast led to her ultimately signing with \"General Hospital\", based in Los Angeles. In 2005, Monaco joined the first season of ABC's \"Dancing with the Stars\" and was the first champion of what turned into a multi-season competition. In August 2009, a casting call was sent out to recast the role of Sam, leaving fans shocked by her possible departure. Despite rumors and speculation, Monaco's co-stars Steve Burton (Jason Morgan)", "title": "Sam McCall" }, { "id": "4161941", "text": "Ron Field Ronald Field (1934 – February 6, 1989) was an American choreographer, director, and dancer. Field was born in New York City, New York where he made his Broadway debut as a child in \"Lady in the Dark\" (1941) with Gertrude Lawrence. He later danced in the ensembles of \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" (1949), \"Kismet\" (1954), and \"The Boy Friend\" (1955) before deciding to concentrate on choreography. His first two efforts \"Nowhere But Up\" (1962) and \"Cafe Crown\" (1964) were unsuccessful, but in 1966 he won his first Tony Award for his dazzling work in the hit \"Cabaret\", the first", "title": "Ron Field" }, { "id": "5149696", "text": "felt that there was no chance in our script for him to appear that way.\" Astaire thought that the ballet background in the plot was too \"highbrow\" for his audiences. Ray Bolger was given the stage role, which allowed him to rise to stardom. Eddie Albert, not known as a dancer in his career, gave a remarkable performance opposite Vera Zorina in the 1939 film. The first Broadway production, directed by C. Worthington Miner and choreographed by George Balanchine, opened on April 11, 1936, at the Imperial Theatre, where it ran for seven months before transferring to the Majestic, for", "title": "On Your Toes" }, { "id": "15558831", "text": "Carl Anderson, who played Judas Iscariot in the original production of \"Jesus Christ Superstar\", as well as the 1973 film of the same name. The couple traveled together in the mid 1990s when Carl reprised his role and toured the United States. Anderson died of leukemia in 2004. In May 2007, she appeared with her two daughters, Laila and Hana, on \"Dancing with the Stars\". Veronica Porché Ali Veronica Porche Ali (born Veronica Porche; December 16, 1955) is an American psychologist and the former wife of boxer Muhammad Ali. Porché was born in Los Angeles, California on December 16, 1955,", "title": "Veronica Porché Ali" }, { "id": "5325661", "text": "Jive, Samba and Tango Your Way Into The Best Shape Of Your Life\", the book includes fitness routines modeled by Alec Mazo and Edyta Sliwinska, as well as original costume designs, lists of performed songs during a dance, and a complete list of song-and-dance routine performed since the first season of the show. The first \"Dancing\" spin-off, \"\", premiered on January 7, 2008, on ABC. The show's format was similar to the BBC Television series, \"DanceX\". The show was canceled after 1 season. A figure skating spin-off similar to ITV's \"Dancing on Ice\" called \"Skating with the Stars\" aired on", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "4512874", "text": "than half of all TV viewers at that moment watched the final. The show overall was watched by nearly 16 million Ukrainians. The pair of Volodymyr Zelenskyi (leader of a famous Ukrainian comic troupe) and Olena Shoptenko won the main prize. In the United States, the show is called \"Dancing with the Stars\", which airs on ABC featuring athletes, singers, actors, and professional dancers. It is currently hosted by Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews. The show is a huge hit since it debuted in 2005. The Spanish-language network Univision also has its own version in 2010 under the name \"Mira", "title": "Dancing with the Stars" }, { "id": "14725812", "text": "the break beat, the formation of dance crews, and Don Cornelius' creation of the television show \"Soul Train\". According to hip-hop activist Afrika Bambaataa and b-boy Richard \"Crazy Legs\" Colón, the purest hip-hop dance style, breaking (commonly called \"breakdancing\"), began in the early 1970s as elaborations on how James Brown danced to his song \"Get on the Good Foot\". People mimicked these moves in their living rooms, in hallways, and at parties. It was at these parties that breaking flourished and developed with the help of a young Clive Campbell. Campbell, better known as DJ Kool Herc, was a Jamaican-born", "title": "History of hip hop dance" }, { "id": "19692885", "text": "include reigning champion Peta Murgatroyd, who was expecting a child, Mark Ballas, Tony Dovolani, Edyta Śliwińska, and Karina Smirnoff. Keo Motsepe returned, but as a member of the show's dance troupe. The full cast of celebrities and pros was revealed on August 30, 2016, on \"Good Morning America\". Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews return as hosts, and Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli return as judges. On August 26, 2016, it was reported that Julianne Hough would return to the show as a judge following a hiatus. Due to a personal tragedy involving her boyfriend, Erin Andrews took", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 23)" }, { "id": "18873233", "text": "the team-up dance, the viewers scored the dance in his place with the averaged score being counted alongside the remaining judges. Score given by guest judge Rashad Jennings. <br> Score given by guest judge David Ross. Keo Motsepe Keoikantse \"Keo\" Motsepe (born 24 November 1989) is a South African dancer. His dancing styles are Latin and Ballroom. He is known for being the first black professional dancer on the ABC show \"Dancing with the Stars\". Motsepe started his career at 11 years of age by entering into in a competitive dance scene representing his country. In 2012 Motsepe joined the", "title": "Keo Motsepe" }, { "id": "16653318", "text": "no other couple performed: the waltz, danced only by Sabrina Bryan and Louis van Amstel. The names of twelve returning celebrities were revealed on July 27, 2012. All 12 professionals from season 14 returned. A thirteenth contestant was chosen by the public, from either Sabrina Bryan, Kyle Massey, or Carson Kressley. Bryan was announced the winner on August 27, 2012 over Kressley and Massey. Louis van Amstel was partnered with Bryan, while the professional partners for the first twelve celebrities were revealed on August 13. Mark Ballas and Cheryl Burke were the professionals with the most returning partners (3) and", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 15)" }, { "id": "18692175", "text": "just in time for her team-up dance with Nick & Sharna. However, she subsequently withdrew from the competition after her doctors discovered pulmonary embolisms in her lungs. Couples performed one unlearned dance and a trio dance involving an eliminated pro or a pro from past seasons of the show. Midway through the show, the four couples participated in dance-offs, with the winners receiving three points to be added to their total scores. Due to the unexpected withdrawal of Tamar Braxton earlier in the week, all four couples advanced directly to the finals. On the first night, couples danced a previously-learned", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 21)" }, { "id": "17625928", "text": "Witney Carson Witney Capri Carson McAllister (born October 17, 1993) is an American professional Latin ballroom dancer and choreographer. She first gained attention in 2012, when the 18-year-old finished ladies' second runner-up in season nine of \"So You Think You Can Dance\". Carson continued her professional dancing career in early 2013 as a troupe dancer in seasons 16 and 17 of \"Dancing with the Stars\". She was promoted to professional partner in season 18. In season 19, she and her partner Alfonso Ribeiro were announced the winners on November 25, 2014, making her one of six professional dancers to win", "title": "Witney Carson" }, { "id": "6169741", "text": "Paul Hartman Paul Hartman (March 1, 1904 – October 2, 1973) was an American dancer, stage performer and television actor. Born in San Francisco, California, Hartman, like Fred Astaire, began performing as a dancer with his sister. In 1922, he teamed up with Grace Barrett for a long and successful dancing comedy vaudeville act that consisted of them both paying homage to and gently mocking the popular dances of the day, from ballet to swing. The two married in 1927. Along with Grace, Paul made his Broadway debut in \"Ballyhoo of 1932\" alongside Bob Hope, but the show was not", "title": "Paul Hartman" }, { "id": "5325651", "text": "that night despite DeLay's departure. In season sixteen, Olympic figure skating champion Dorothy Hamill had to withdraw from the competition due to doctor's orders for a spinal injury. A cyst had developed near her lower spine, and was pinching off the nerve in that area. Either boxing champion Victor Ortiz or reality TV star Lisa Vanderpump would've been eliminated, but Hamill withdrew before the results could be announced, meaning that no one was eliminated that week. In season eighteen, week three, actor Billy Dee Williams withdrew, by advice from a doctor, due to a chronic back problem (which resulted in", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)" }, { "id": "2930517", "text": "Kattan was a contestant on season 24 of \"Dancing with the Stars\" paired with professional dancer Witney Carson. He was the first celebrity dancer eliminated. Kattan married model Sunshine Deia Tutt on June 28, 2008, in Oakhurst, California, after proposing to her on Christmas Eve 2006. The couple separated on August 10, 2008, and officially divorced in February 2009. Chris Kattan Christopher Lee Kattan (; born October 19, 1970) is an American actor and comedian, best known for his work as a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\", his role as Bob on the first four seasons of \"The Middle\",", "title": "Chris Kattan" }, { "id": "20840595", "text": "Milo and Witney placed second, Evanna and Keo placed third, while Alexis and Alan placed fourth. The thirteen professional dancers were revealed on \"Good Morning America\" on August 28, 2018. The ten professionals from last season returned, along with Cheryl Burke and Valentin Chmerkovskiy, who both last competed in season 25. Troupe dancer Brandon Armstrong made his debut in the pro lineup. Nancy McKeon was announced as the first celebrity competing for the season, partnered with Chmerkovskiy. On September 12, the rest of the cast was revealed on \"Good Morning America\". Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned as hosts, while", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 27)" }, { "id": "19364206", "text": "while Ginger Zee and Valentin Chmerkovskiy placed third. The cast was revealed on March 8, 2016 on \"Good Morning America\". Edyta Śliwińska returned as a professional dancer this season after an eleven-season hiatus. Also returning to the pro roster are Artem Chigvintsev and Peta Murgatroyd, both of whom did not appear last season as professional dancers, as well as Sasha Farber, who is once again promoted from troupe member to pro dancer. Last season's champion Derek Hough is not returning for this season. Also not returning are Allison Holker, Emma Slater, Anna Trebunskaya, and Louis van Amstel. Actress Jodie Sweetin", "title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 22)" } ]

[ "Richard Earl Thomas" ]

[ { "id": "1950213", "text": "Richard Thomas (actor) Richard Earl Thomas (born June 13, 1951) is an American actor. He is best known for his leading role as budding author John-Boy Walton in the CBS drama \"The Waltons\", for which he won one Emmy Award and received nominations for another Emmy Award and two Golden Globe Awards. He also played Special Agent Frank Gaad on FX's spy thriller series \"The Americans\" (2013–2016), appeared in Stephen King's mini series \"IT\" (1990), and had a supporting role in the comedy-drama film \"Wonder Boys\" (2000). Thomas was born in Manhattan, the son of Barbara (\"née\" Fallis) and Richard", "title": "Richard Thomas (actor)" }, { "id": "1950223", "text": "1975. They had one son born in 1976 and triplet daughters born in 1981. The couple divorced in 1993. Thomas married Georgiana Bischoff on November 20, 1994, and they had one son born in 1996. Bischoff has two daughters from previous marriages. Sources: TCM; AllMovie Sources: TCM; AllMovie; TV Guide Richard Thomas (actor) Richard Earl Thomas (born June 13, 1951) is an American actor. He is best known for his leading role as budding author John-Boy Walton in the CBS drama \"The Waltons\", for which he won one Emmy Award and received nominations for another Emmy Award and two Golden", "title": "Richard Thomas (actor)" }, { "id": "5838913", "text": "Robert Wightman Robert Wightman is an American actor perhaps best known for replacing Richard Thomas in the role of John-Boy Walton in the TV series \"The Waltons\". He played the role beginning with the show's eighth season in 1979 until the end of the series in 1981. He also appeared in the role in the TV movie \"A Day of Thanks on Walton's Mountain\" in 1982. His movie credits include \"American Gigolo\" and the starring role in \"Stepfather III\" as the main character of the film, taking over the role originally played by Terry O'Quinn. He has worked often in", "title": "Robert Wightman" }, { "id": "5838915", "text": "\"the excellent Robert Wightman\" as Edgar in LATC's \"King Lear\", and Hoyt Hilsman writing for \"Backstage\" praised his \"lovely and mysterious\" portrayal as Budge in the dark comedy \"The Day Room\" by Don DeLillo. Robert Wightman Robert Wightman is an American actor perhaps best known for replacing Richard Thomas in the role of John-Boy Walton in the TV series \"The Waltons\". He played the role beginning with the show's eighth season in 1979 until the end of the series in 1981. He also appeared in the role in the TV movie \"A Day of Thanks on Walton's Mountain\" in 1982.", "title": "Robert Wightman" }, { "id": "6779893", "text": "the highly ineffective Colonel Fielding on the television adaptation of the movie, \"Private Benjamin\" and created the role of Sam Reynolds on \"Search for Tomorrow\"; Barbara Berjer (Lynn Franklin) who continued serial work, most notably on \"As the World Turns\" and \"Guiding Light\"; Richard Thomas (Richard), well known as John-Boy Walton #1 from \"The Waltons\" as well as other serial roles; Craig Huebing (Tom Jennings), later of \"General Hospital\"; Joseph Mascolo (Jack Lander), known for his roles as Stefano DiMera on \"Days of Our Lives\" and Massimo Marone on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\"; John Karlen, later known as Willie", "title": "From These Roots" }, { "id": "7593059", "text": "operated the ferry until 1940 when it was taken over by the Virginia Department of Highways. A new ferry was built by the Virginia Department of Transportation, and it was rededicated in September 1973. The dedication ceremonies included actor Richard Thomas, who played the character John-Boy Walton on the TV series, \"The Waltons\", and Mrs. Doris Hamner, the mother of Waltons creator and writer Earl Hamner, Jr., who lived at nearby Schuyler provided the basis for the fictional stories. The Hatton Ferry is the last poled ferry in the United States. With most regular traffic crossing the river nearby using", "title": "Hatton Ferry" }, { "id": "890299", "text": "series. Hamner provided the voice-over of the older John-Boy, usually heard at the beginning and end of each episode. John-Boy Walton's fictional \"alma mater\", Boatwright University, is patterned after Richmond College, which became part of the University of Richmond on Boatwright Drive near Westham Station in The West End of Richmond, Virginia, about seventy miles east of Schuyler. The town of Walton's Mountain was built in the rear area of the main lot at Warner Bros. Studios, bordering the Los Angeles River, but the mountain itself was part of the Hollywood Hills range opposite Warner studios in Burbank, California (the", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "5414535", "text": "Ralph Waite Ralph Waite (June 22, 1928 – February 13, 2014) was an American actor and political activist, best known for his role as John Walton, Sr. on \"The Waltons\" (1972–1981), which he occasionally directed. He also had a recurring role in \"NCIS\" as Jackson Gibbs, the father of Leroy Jethro Gibbs. Waite had supporting roles in movies like \"Five Easy Pieces\" (1970), \"The Grissom Gang\" (1971), \"The Bodyguard\" (1992), and \"Cliffhanger\" (1993). Waite, the eldest of five children, was born in White Plains, New York on June 22, 1928, to Ralph H. Waite, a construction engineer, and Esther (née", "title": "Ralph Waite" }, { "id": "1950215", "text": "soap operas such as \"The Edge of Night\" (as Ben Schultz, 1961), \"A Flame in the Wind\", and \"As the World Turns\" (as Tom Hughes, 1966–67), which were broadcast from his native Manhattan. Thomas received his first major film roles, appearing in \"Winning\" (1969) with Paul Newman, about auto racing, and \"Last Summer\" (also 1969) with Bruce Davison and Barbara Hershey, a summer coming-of-age movie. He starred in the Universal Pictures/Hal Wallis Production \"Red Sky at Morning\" (1971), which was a financial failure. He became internationally recognized for his portrayal of John \"John-Boy\" Walton, Jr., in the 1970s TV series", "title": "Richard Thomas (actor)" }, { "id": "18782607", "text": "The Master of Ballantrae (1984 film) The Master of Ballantrae is a 1984 TV movie based on the novel by Robert Louis Stevenson. It was a co production between the US and England for the \"Hallmark Hall of Fame\". Michael York plays James Durie, the Master of Ballantrae (i.e. the eldest son who will inherit the state and also the title of Lord Durrisdeer). His younger brother, Henry Durie, is played by Richard Thomas, remembered largely because of his role as John Boy on \"The Waltons\". Their father, Lord Durrisdeer, is played by veteran action Sir John Gielgud, who earned", "title": "The Master of Ballantrae (1984 film)" }, { "id": "8062092", "text": "In 1914, under Dr. Boatwright's leadership, the College moved from the Fan district of downtown Richmond to its current West End campus. Boatwright Memorial Library, opened in 1955 on the school's campus, is named in his honor. Earl Hamner, creator of the hit CBS-TV series \"The Waltons\", attended Richmond College during Boatwright's tenure, and named the fictional Boatwright University where the character of John-Boy Walton attended college after him. Frederic W. Boatwright Frederic W. Boatwright (January 28, 1868 – October 31, 1951) was president of Richmond College, now the University of Richmond, from 1895 to 1946. Born in White Sulphur", "title": "Frederic W. Boatwright" }, { "id": "890294", "text": "(reflecting Ellen Corby's real-life stroke and the death of Will Geer, the actors who portrayed the characters). During the series' last few years, Mary Ellen and Ben start their own families; Erin, Jason and John-Boy are married in later television movie sequels. Conversely, the younger children Jim-Bob and Elizabeth, struggle to find and cement true love. World War II deeply affects the family. All four Walton boys enlist in the military. Mary Ellen's physician husband, Curtis \"Curt\" Willard, is sent to Pearl Harbor and is reported to have perished in the Japanese attack on December 7, 1941. Years later, Mary", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "8612013", "text": "Morgan Stevens Morgan Stevens (born October 16, 1951, in Knoxville, Tennessee) is an American actor, primarily seen on television. He appeared as Paul Northridge in one episode of \"The Waltons\" and in three reunion movies. In \"A Wedding on Walton's Mountain\", his character married the character of Erin Walton (Mary Elizabeth McDonough). He also appeared in two subsequent movies, \"Mother's Day on Walton's Mountain\" and \"A Day for Thanks on Walton's Mountain\". He had also appeared as Sam Stodder (John-Boy's hospital roommate) in another episode of \"The Waltons.\" Stevens played teacher David Reardon during two seasons of \"Fame\" (1982-1984). He", "title": "Morgan Stevens" }, { "id": "890289", "text": "38 years in the past and ended with its last reunion show set 28 years in the past. The story is about the family of John Walton Jr. (known as John-Boy): his six siblings, his parents John and Olivia Walton, and the elder John's parents Zebulon \"Zeb\" and Esther Walton. John-Boy is the oldest of the children (17 years old in the beginning), who becomes a journalist and novelist. Each episode is narrated at the opening and closing by a middle-aged John Jr. (voiced by author Earl Hamner on whom John-Boy is based). John Sr. manages to eke out a", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "15039105", "text": "films: the thriller \"You'll Like My Mother\" (1972) and the Western \"Billy Two Hats\" (1974). She studied at the Pasadena Playhouse (1964–1965). She appeared in \"You'll Like My Mother\" (1972), starring Patty Duke, Rosemary Murphy and Richard Thomas. For this role, Allen was nominated for the 1973 Golden Globe Award as Most Promising New Actress. She later garnered fame on two episodes of \"The Waltons\" (1973) as Jenny Pendleton, an early love interest of John-Boy Walton (reuniting her with Thomas, who played John-Boy and with whom she had appeared in \"You'll Like My Mother\" the previous year). Allen and Thomas", "title": "Sian Barbara Allen" }, { "id": "4404928", "text": "Waltons (band) Waltons were a Canadian folk rock band, active primarily in the 1990s. The band released three studio albums during their career, and won a Juno Award for Best New Group at the Juno Awards of 1994. The band was formed in Regina, Saskatchewan in 1987, by vocalist/guitarist Jason Plumb, bassist Keith Nakonechny and drummer David Cooney. The band was originally known as \"Neurotic Paperboy\", before changing to The Waltons; the name was derived from the fact that Plumb had been given the nickname \"Walton\" by a bandmate in an earlier musical project, although Plumb sometimes joked that the", "title": "Waltons (band)" }, { "id": "18782614", "text": "revenge. Henry, initially kind and good, also becomes a darker person as the plot continues, because his brother drives him to despair. It was filmed on location in England and Wales. Richard Thomas was cast as the good brother Henry: When I began to read the novel I thought \"the last thing I need to play is the good brother, Henry. I played John Boy [on \"The Waltons\"] for five years and once that happened casting people weren't sending me a lot of heavies. But as I read \"Ballantrae\" through, the character of Henry becomes darker and more sinister. By", "title": "The Master of Ballantrae (1984 film)" }, { "id": "890293", "text": "save for one, two or three lights in the upstairs bedroom windows. Through voice-overs, two or more characters make some brief comments related to that episode's events, and then bid each other goodnight, after which the lights go out. After completing high school, John-Boy attends fictional Boatwright University (based on the University of Richmond) in the fictional nearby town of Westham. He later goes to New York City to work as a journalist. During the latter half of the 1976–77 season, Grandma Esther Walton suffers a stroke and returns home shortly before the death of her husband, Grandpa Zeb Walton", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "6779613", "text": "who had been educated in Boston. In real life Maunder had been reared in nearby Bangor, Maine. \"Lancer\" lasted for only fifty-one episodes, but critics cited the scripts and performances as excellent. Paul Brinegar co-starred as Jelly Hoskins, having played a similar role of \"Wishbone\" on CBS's earlier western series \"Rawhide\", with Eric Fleming and Clint Eastwood. Duggan played the patriarch in the television film \"The Homecoming: A Christmas Story\" (1971). The part of John Walton in the series it inspired, \"The Waltons\", was played by Ralph Waite. In 1973, Duggan had a cameo appearance in the blaxploitation film \"Black", "title": "Andrew Duggan" }, { "id": "5867113", "text": "David W. Harper David William Harper (born October 4, 1961) is an American actor. Harper began his acting career appearing as Jim Bob Walton, the second-youngest of seven siblings, in the made-for-television film \"The Homecoming: A Christmas Story\" (1971). When the film was turned into \"The Waltons\" television series in 1972, Harper reprised his role and remained with the series throughout its nine-season run. When \"The Waltons\" ended in 1981, Harper appeared in the television miniseries \"The Blue and the Gray\" and the theatrical film \"Fletch\". Along with most of the other series regulars, Harper appeared in various Waltons reunion", "title": "David W. Harper" }, { "id": "890307", "text": "which Warner owned. Warner Bros. acquired Lorimar in 1989, and has continued to syndicate the series ever since. Reruns currently air in the U.S. on INSP, the Hallmark Channel. In Canada, \"The Waltons\" airs on Vision TV and BookTelevision. In the UK, the series was broadcast on BBC 1 and BBC 2 during the 1970s/1980s - the first three seasons were broadcast on BBC 2 from February 18, 1974 to May 17, 1976, on Mondays at 20.00 GMT, and seasons 4 and 5 were shown on BBC 1 from September 5, 1976 to August 30, 1977, on Sundays at 16.10", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "3634784", "text": "the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical. A year later, Little was hired as an ensemble player on the syndicated TV variety weekly \"The David Frost Revue\" and he portrayed Shogo in \"Narrow Road to the Deep North\" on Broadway. In 1971, Little was chosen to portray the blind radio personality Super Soul in the car-chase movie \"Vanishing Point\". The same year, he played Hawthorne Dooley in the pilot for \"The Waltons\" called \"The Homecoming: A Christmas Story\", helping John-Boy Walton search for his father; then again", "title": "Cleavon Little" }, { "id": "8562894", "text": "John Walton (actor) John Walton (1952 – 17 July 2014) was an Australian actor of stage, television, and film, best known for his role in television soap opera The Young Doctors Walton was born in St. Ives, Sydney, Australia. He played Doctor Craig Rothwell in the television soap opera The Young Doctor during 1976 and 1977. In 1985 he also appeared in the miniseries \"Bodyline\", and he played the part of Sir Charles Kingsford Smith in the Australian mini-series \"A Thousand Skies\". He also completed a stint in \"Heartbreak High\" playing Nat Delaine from 1997 until 1998. Other television credits", "title": "John Walton (actor)" }, { "id": "4404933", "text": "tribute album \"The Secret Sessions\", Plumb appeared with Barenaked Ladies on a live version of \"Legal Age Life at Variety Store\". Waltons (band) Waltons were a Canadian folk rock band, active primarily in the 1990s. The band released three studio albums during their career, and won a Juno Award for Best New Group at the Juno Awards of 1994. The band was formed in Regina, Saskatchewan in 1987, by vocalist/guitarist Jason Plumb, bassist Keith Nakonechny and drummer David Cooney. The band was originally known as \"Neurotic Paperboy\", before changing to The Waltons; the name was derived from the fact that", "title": "Waltons (band)" }, { "id": "890302", "text": "Elizabeth Walton, said in a 2012 interview. However, CBS had enough faith in the show to devise a full-page newspaper ad flanked with the show's positive reviews, urging people to watch the show. This ad was attributed to saving \"The Waltons\", causing the ratings to radically increase. Ralph Waite was reluctant to audition for the part of John Walton because he didn't want to be tied to a long-running TV series, but his agent persuaded him by saying, \"It will never sell. You do the pilot. You pick up a couple of bucks and then you go back to New", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "890308", "text": "in 1976 and Tuesdays at 19.00 through 1977. After that, seasons 6-9 would be broadcast on BBC 2 again, starting on April 30, 1979 and concluding in April 1983. The three reunion TV movies filmed in 1982 were also shown on BBC 2 from December 21 to December 28, 1983. The show was repeated on Channel 4 in the 1990s. It currently airs on True Entertainment in the UK. The Waltons The Waltons is an American television series created by Earl Hamner Jr., based on his book \"Spencer's Mountain\" and a 1963 film of the same name, about a family", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "8450590", "text": "Scott married Cynthia (Cindy) Ullman Wolfen. They have a daughter, Emma, born in 2001, and a son, Jeremy, who was born in 2004. Today, Scott owns Chase Messengers, a parcel delivery service, in Encino, California. Eric Scott (actor) Eric Scott (born Eric Scott Magat; October 20, 1958, in Los Angeles, California, United States) is an American actor whose best known role is as Ben Walton, which he first played in the television film \"The Homecoming: A Christmas Story\" (1971), and in the series it inspired, \"The Waltons\". He was briefly married to actress Karey Louis. His second marriage was to", "title": "Eric Scott (actor)" }, { "id": "10032918", "text": "out of college but was signed as a free agent by the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League in March 1969. He participated in several preseason games with the Rams in 1969–1972 but was never able to make the active roster during the season and spent most of his time on the taxi squad (practice team). In 1969, after not making the Los Angeles Rams team, Walton played for the Indianapolis Capitols of the Continental Football League. His first pro football start came on Sept 2, 1969 when he led the Capitals to a 28-27 victory over the", "title": "John Walton (American football)" }, { "id": "7043935", "text": "Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\". His best-known television roles were as the ex-convict/informant T.J. on \"Adam-12\", Yancy Tucker on \"The Waltons\" and as Exidor on \"Mork & Mindy\". Donner married producer/writer Jill Sherman Donner in 1982. Donner died on June 8, 2006, of a cardiac arrhythmia, and is survived by his wife Jill and two brothers. Robert Donner Robert Donner (April 27, 1931 – June 8, 2006) was an American television and film actor. Donner was born in New York City raised in New Jersey, Michigan and Texas, and he spent four years in the United States Navy and was", "title": "Robert Donner" }, { "id": "12816695", "text": "Jim Davis and Lang Jeffries. He appeared twice in NBC's Columbo playing a police sergeant in 1972 and 1973. Karnes appeared four times as Sheriff Kane in \"The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries\" on ABC. He appeared on an early episode of CBS's family drama \"The Waltons\". He even appeared in a few sitcoms: \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and \"M*A*S*H\" on CBS, \"Harrigan and Son\" and \"The Real McCoys\" on ABC, and \"Grindl\" with Imogene Coca on NBC. His last role was shortly before his death on an episode of the sitcom \"Benson\" on ABC. He appeared posthumously on the television", "title": "Robert Karnes" }, { "id": "7208656", "text": "Lewis Arquette Lewis Michael Arquette (December 14, 1935 – February 10, 2001) was an American film actor, writer and producer. Arquette was known for playing J.D. Pickett on the television series, \"The Waltons\", where he worked from 1978 to 1981. Arquette was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Mildred Nesbitt Le May and actor Cliff Arquette. He was proudly related to explorer Meriwether Lewis, for whom he was named. His family's surname was originally \"Arcouet\", coming from his partial French-Canadian ancestry. He was a part of the famous Arquette family, as son of Cliff Arquette and the father of", "title": "Lewis Arquette" }, { "id": "5830514", "text": "Judy Norton Taylor Judy Norton-Taylor (born January 29, 1958) is an American actress and theater director who is best known for her role as Mary Ellen Walton on \"The Waltons\" television series and subsequent Waltons TV movies. She was born in Santa Monica, California, to parents Harry and Constance (née Glazebrook) Norton. She began practicing Scientology at age 13, and became a minister in the church. She married Douglas Taylor in 1976 at the age of 19; the marriage ended in divorce in 1978. She was also married to former football player Lynn Hughes. Still being viewed as a child", "title": "Judy Norton Taylor" }, { "id": "5867114", "text": "specials produced in the 1980s and 1990s. Harper is not currently active in show business but does appear at such Waltons-related functions as collectible and memorabilia fairs. After working at a variety of jobs, he went to school to study business. David W. Harper David William Harper (born October 4, 1961) is an American actor. Harper began his acting career appearing as Jim Bob Walton, the second-youngest of seven siblings, in the made-for-television film \"The Homecoming: A Christmas Story\" (1971). When the film was turned into \"The Waltons\" television series in 1972, Harper reprised his role and remained with the", "title": "David W. Harper" }, { "id": "16174405", "text": "Morton Lowry Morton Lowry, born Edward Morton Lowater (13 February 1914 – 26 November 1987) was a British actor. He is best known for his film roles as John Stapleton in \"The Hound of The Baskervilles\" (1939) and for his role as Mr. Jonas in \"How Green was My Valley\". He also appeared in other films including \"Pursuit to Algiers\" and \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\" both in 1945. Morton was born in Lancashire, England as Edward Morton Lowater to Edward Morton Lowater, Sr., an engineer, and Bithiah 'Bertha' Holmes. The family later moved to the Russell Square area of", "title": "Morton Lowry" }, { "id": "890286", "text": "by CBS in 1981, NBC aired three television movie sequels in 1982, with three more in the 1990s on CBS. \"The Waltons\" was produced by Lorimar Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution in syndication. The main story is set in Walton's Mountain, a fictional mountain-area community in fictitious Jefferson County, Virginia. The real place upon which the stories are based is the community of Schuyler in Nelson County, Virginia. The time period is from 1933 to 1946, during the Great Depression and World War II, during the presidential administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S Truman.", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "10032917", "text": "John Walton (American football) John Booker Walton (born October 4, 1947) is a former college and professional American football quarterback. Walton played college football at Elizabeth City State University in the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) for four seasons (1965–1968). During his senior year (1968) he completed 114 of 204 passes for 1,400 yards and 16 touchdowns and led the Vikings to an 8-1 record. Walton was honored for his performance by being named to the All-CIAA football team. Walton graduated from Elizabeth City State University in 1969 with a bachelor's degree in physical education. Walton was not drafted coming", "title": "John Walton (American football)" }, { "id": "1807766", "text": "John Hannah (actor) John David Hannah (born 23 April 1962) is a Scottish film and television actor. He came to prominence in Richard Curtis's \"Four Weddings and a Funeral\" (1994), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. His other film appearances include \"Sliding Doors\" (1998) and \"The Mummy\" trilogy (1999–2008). His television roles include: Dr Iain McCallum in \"McCallum\" (1995–1998); D.I. John Rebus in \"Rebus\" (2000–2001); Jack Roper in \"New Street Law\" (2006–2007); Jake Osbourne in \"Cold Blood\" (2007–2008), Quintus Lentulus Batiatus in \"Spartacus\" (2010–2011), Jack Cloth in \"A Touch of", "title": "John Hannah (actor)" }, { "id": "890295", "text": "Ellen hears of sightings of her \"late\" husband, investigates and finds him alive (played by another actor), but brooding over his war wounds and living under an assumed name. She divorces him and later remarries. John-Boy's military plane is shot down, while Olivia becomes a volunteer at the VA hospital and is seen less and less; she eventually develops tuberculosis and enters an Arizona sanitarium. Olivia's cousin, Rose Burton, moves into the Walton house to look after the brood. Two years later, John Sr. moves to Arizona to be near Olivia. Grandma appears in only a handful of episodes during", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "7208658", "text": "in 2001 at age 65, due to congestive heart failure. Lewis Arquette Lewis Michael Arquette (December 14, 1935 – February 10, 2001) was an American film actor, writer and producer. Arquette was known for playing J.D. Pickett on the television series, \"The Waltons\", where he worked from 1978 to 1981. Arquette was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Mildred Nesbitt Le May and actor Cliff Arquette. He was proudly related to explorer Meriwether Lewis, for whom he was named. His family's surname was originally \"Arcouet\", coming from his partial French-Canadian ancestry. He was a part of the famous Arquette", "title": "Lewis Arquette" }, { "id": "1548717", "text": "from December 1981 to May 1990, was created by Earl Hamner, who had created \"The Waltons\" a decade earlier. Also starring on the show was an already established character actress, Susan Sullivan, as Angela's niece-in-law, Maggie Gioberti, and the relatively unknown actor Lorenzo Lamas as Angela's irresponsible grandson, Lance Cumson. The on- and off-screen chemistry between Wyman and Lamas helped fuel the series' success. In its first season, \"Falcon Crest\" was a ratings hit, behind other 1980s prime-time soap operas, such as \"Dallas\" and \"Knots Landing\", but initially ahead of rival \"Dynasty\". Cesar Romero appeared from 1985 to 1987 on", "title": "Jane Wyman" }, { "id": "18261972", "text": "Oregon, near Sunriver. Popular singer John Denver sang the theme song for \"The New Land\". \"The New Land\" received almost universal acclaim from critics, many of whom compared it favorably with the hit series \"The Waltons\". In the \"Los Angeles Times\", reviewer Cecil Smith wrote that \"The New Land\" \"seems to catch the rich, grainy earthiness of pioneer life, of clawing a living out of the hard land with the same effectiveness \"The Waltons\" mirror the Depression.\" \"The New Land\" premiered on ABC on September 14, 1974. Facing tough competition in its time slot from CBSs \"All in the Family\"", "title": "The New Land (TV series)" }, { "id": "12347825", "text": "Kevin Trainor Kevin Trainor is an Irish actor from Kilkeel, County Down, Northern Ireland. He attended St Colman's College in Newry before attending Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he read English. After Cambridge, Trainor trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art from 2001 to 2004 (making an early cameo appearance in the 2001 film \"The Hole\") and appeared in the 2005 Royal Shakespeare Company season. He is notable for portraying the younger version of Trevor Bruttenholm (played as an older man by John Hurt) in the film \"Hellboy\"; as the character John in \"The Catherine Tate Show\" (from the \"Ulster", "title": "Kevin Trainor" }, { "id": "15064651", "text": "Joshua Rush Joshua Rush (born ) is an American actor. Rush began his career as a child actor playing roles such as Turner in the 2012 film \"Parental Guidance\", and young versions of the characters Sylar and Chuck Bartowski on the television series \"Heroes\" and \"Chuck\", respectively. Since 2016 he has voiced Bunga on the Disney Junior television series \"The Lion Guard\", and since 2017 he has starred as Cyrus Goodman on the Disney Channel television series \"Andi Mack\". Rush was ten months old when he first appeared in a local television special, and then several ads and catalogs shortly", "title": "Joshua Rush" }, { "id": "5839300", "text": "Mary Elizabeth McDonough Mary Elizabeth McDonough (born May 4, 1961) is an American actress, best known for her role as Erin Walton on \"The Waltons\" from 1972 to 1981. In 1988, she married Rob Wickstrom, with whom she has a daughter, Sydnee. The couple divorced in 1996. She has lupus erythematosus, claimed to be from leaking silicone breast implants. In the 2000s, she returned to television acting, guest-starring on \"Boston Legal\" and \"The New Adventures of Old Christine\". McDonough is a radio guest and has been on international and syndicated shows such as \"Get Focused Radio\" with Kate Hennessy. She", "title": "Mary Elizabeth McDonough" }, { "id": "11418004", "text": "Billy Chapin William McClellan \"Billy\" Chapin (December 28, 1943 – December 2, 2016) was an American child actor, known for a considerable number of screen and TV performances from 1943 to 1959 and best remembered for both his roles as the \"diaper manager\" Christie Cooper in the 1953 family feature \"The Kid from Left Field\" and little John Harper in Charles Laughton's 1955 film noir movie \"The Night of the Hunter\". Chapin was the brother of former child actors Lauren Chapin, known as Kathy \"Kitten\" Anderson from the TV series \"Father Knows Best\" and of Michael Chapin, another child performer", "title": "Billy Chapin" }, { "id": "5009206", "text": "John Witherspoon (actor) John Witherspoon (born John Weatherspoon; January 27, 1942) is an American comedian and actor who has performed in many television shows and films. Best known for his role as Willie Jones for the \"Friday\" series, Witherspoon has also starred in films such as \"Hollywood Shuffle\" (1987), \"Boomerang\" (1992) and \"Vampire In Brooklyn\" (1995). He has also made appearances on television shows such as \"The Wayans Bros.\" (1995–99), \"The Tracy Morgan Show\" (2003), \"Barnaby Jones\" (1973), \"The Boondocks\" (2005), \"The Five Heartbeats\" (1991) and \"Black Jesus\" (2014). He wrote a film, \"From the Old School\", in which he", "title": "John Witherspoon (actor)" }, { "id": "4627082", "text": "Michael Learned Michael Learned (born April 9, 1939) is an American actress, known for her role as Olivia Walton in the long-running CBS drama series \"The Waltons\" (1972–1981). She has won a record four Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series; three for \"The Waltons\" (1973, 1974, 1976), and one for \"Nurse\" (1982). Learned was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter and oldest child of Elizabeth Duane \"Betti\" (née Hooper) and Bruce Learned, a diplomat. Her maternal grandfather was an attaché for the United States Embassy in Rome. She lived on a Connecticut farm with her", "title": "Michael Learned" }, { "id": "5839301", "text": "can be seen on the internet on the show \"McDougall M.D.\" as part of the broadcasts on the TBN network. Mary Elizabeth McDonough Mary Elizabeth McDonough (born May 4, 1961) is an American actress, best known for her role as Erin Walton on \"The Waltons\" from 1972 to 1981. In 1988, she married Rob Wickstrom, with whom she has a daughter, Sydnee. The couple divorced in 1996. She has lupus erythematosus, claimed to be from leaking silicone breast implants. In the 2000s, she returned to television acting, guest-starring on \"Boston Legal\" and \"The New Adventures of Old Christine\". McDonough is", "title": "Mary Elizabeth McDonough" }, { "id": "890285", "text": "The Waltons The Waltons is an American television series created by Earl Hamner Jr., based on his book \"Spencer's Mountain\" and a 1963 film of the same name, about a family in rural Virginia during the Great Depression and World War II. The television movie The Homecoming: A Christmas Story was broadcast on December 19, 1971. Based on its success, the CBS television network ordered one season of episodes based on the same characters and that became the television series \"The Waltons\". Beginning in September 1972, the series subsequently aired on CBS for nine seasons. After the series was canceled", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "3585399", "text": "John T. Walton John Thomas Walton (October 8, 1946 – June 27, 2005) was an American war veteran and a son of Walmart founder Sam Walton. He was also the chairman of True North Partners, a venture capital firm. Walton cofounded the Children's Scholarship Fund, providing tuition scholarships for disadvantaged youth. Walton was born in Newport, Arkansas. He graduated from Bentonville High School where he was a star football player. Walton went on to attend the College of Wooster in Wooster, Ohio. He dropped out of college in 1968 to spend more time playing the flute and enlisted in the", "title": "John T. Walton" }, { "id": "18041147", "text": "Matt McGorry Matthew David McGorry (born April 12, 1986) is an American actor and activist. He is best known for his roles as John Bennett in the Netflix comedy-drama series \"Orange Is the New Black\", and as Asher Millstone on ABC's \"How to Get Away with Murder\". McGorry was born and raised in Manhattan (New York City), and began performing at age nine. He attended Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School in New York, then Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts. McGorry began his career as a personal trainer, fitness writer for \"Men's Journal\", and competitive bodybuilder. On television, McGorry made his", "title": "Matt McGorry" }, { "id": "18041149", "text": "Matt McGorry Matthew David McGorry (born April 12, 1986) is an American actor and activist. He is best known for his roles as John Bennett in the Netflix comedy-drama series \"Orange Is the New Black\", and as Asher Millstone on ABC's \"How to Get Away with Murder\". McGorry was born and raised in Manhattan (New York City), and began performing at age nine. He attended Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School in New York, then Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts. McGorry began his career as a personal trainer, fitness writer for \"Men's Journal\", and competitive bodybuilder. On television, McGorry made his", "title": "Matt McGorry" }, { "id": "16174410", "text": "1959, he played various characters in the television series \"The Four Just Men\". He also appeared as the Lieutenant in the 1959–60 television series \"The Adventures of Robin Hood\" in at least 12 episodes. Morton Lowry Morton Lowry, born Edward Morton Lowater (13 February 1914 – 26 November 1987) was a British actor. He is best known for his film roles as John Stapleton in \"The Hound of The Baskervilles\" (1939) and for his role as Mr. Jonas in \"How Green was My Valley\". He also appeared in other films including \"Pursuit to Algiers\" and \"The Picture of Dorian Gray\"", "title": "Morton Lowry" }, { "id": "15123082", "text": "Anthony Dexter Anthony John \"Tony\" Dexter (January 19, 1913 – March 27, 2001) was an American actor known for his striking resemblance to silent film hero Rudolph Valentino, whom he portrayed in the 1951 biographic \"Valentino\". Dexter sometimes used the pseudonym Walter Craig. He was known for portraying many real-life characters such as Captain John Smith, Captain William Kidd, Billy the Kid and Christopher Columbus. Born Walter Reinhold Alfred Fleischmann in Nebraska, he earned an athletic scholarship to St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota and later earned a Master of Arts from the University of Iowa. During World War II", "title": "Anthony Dexter" }, { "id": "3585314", "text": "Jim Walton James Carr Walton (born June 7, 1948) is the youngest son of Sam Walton, the founder of the world's largest retailer, Walmart. As of March 2018, Walton was the 16th-richest person in the world, with a net worth of $41.9 billion. Jim Walton was born in Newport, Jackson County, Arkansas, the third child of Walmart co-founder Sam Walton (1918–1992) and Helen Walton (1919–2007), with siblings Rob Walton, Alice Walton, and John Walton (1946 – 2005). After graduating from Bentonville High School in 1965 where he was president of his junior class, played football at all-state level and also", "title": "Jim Walton" }, { "id": "2754975", "text": "Jon Lovitz Jonathan Michael Lovitz (; born July 21, 1957) is an American comedian, actor, and singer. He is best known as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1985 to 1990. He starred as Jay Sherman in \"The Critic\" and has appeared in numerous other television series and films. His film credits include roles in \"The Brave Little Toaster\", \"Rat Race\", \"Big\", \"A League of Their Own\", \"The Wedding Singer\", \"High School High\", and \"The Benchwarmers\". Lovitz was born Jonathan Michael Lovitz on July 21, 1957 in Tarzana, Los Angeles, California. His father was a doctor. His family", "title": "Jon Lovitz" }, { "id": "4195395", "text": "John Leyton John Dudley Leyton (born 17 February 1936) is an English actor and singer. As a singer he is best known for his hit song \"Johnny Remember Me\" (written by Geoff Goddard and produced by Joe Meek), which reached number one in the UK Singles Chart in August 1961 despite being banned by the BBC for its death references. His follow-up single, \"Wild Wind\", reached number two in the charts. Alongside singing, Leyton's acting career saw him appearing in television and films throughout the 1960s. His films included \"The Great Escape\", \"Guns at Batasi\", \"Von Ryan's Express\" and \"Krakatoa,", "title": "John Leyton" }, { "id": "8450589", "text": "Eric Scott (actor) Eric Scott (born Eric Scott Magat; October 20, 1958, in Los Angeles, California, United States) is an American actor whose best known role is as Ben Walton, which he first played in the television film \"The Homecoming: A Christmas Story\" (1971), and in the series it inspired, \"The Waltons\". He was briefly married to actress Karey Louis. His second marriage was to Theresa Fargo, the mother of his daughter Ashley, until her death from acute myelomonocytic leukemia on November 5, 1992, not long after Ashley's birth. She had developed the disease during her pregnancy. In March 2000,", "title": "Eric Scott (actor)" }, { "id": "5972556", "text": "The Waltons (UK band) The Waltons were an anarchic band from the Isle of Wight in the UK. The socio-political post-punk/rock 5-piece fronted by Tony Gregson (aka Tony Walton), had one minor hit with \"Brown Rice\" (the long grain mix) in the mid-1980s, and starred in Annika, an early Colin Nutley movie shot on the Island about a boy falling in love with a Swedish exchange student. Later to be joined by Sean the Riddler, on various keyboards and found hubcaps. They were regular live performers on the Isle of Wight but never quite succeeded in totally breaking away from", "title": "The Waltons (UK band)" }, { "id": "4107588", "text": "Ted Shackelford Theodore Tillman Shackelford III (born June 23, 1946) is an American actor. He played Gary Ewing in the CBS television series \"Knots Landing\" (1979–1993); since 2006, he has appeared in a recurring role on the CBS soap \"The Young and the Restless,\" portraying twin brothers William and Jeffrey Bardwell. Shackelford was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and went to college at the University of Denver. He appeared in the role as Ray Gordon on the daytime soap opera \"Another World\" from 1975 to 1977. He has also appeared in roles on \"Wonder Woman\" and most recently in \"The", "title": "Ted Shackelford" }, { "id": "890290", "text": "living for his family by operating a lumber mill with his sons' help as they grow older. The family income is augmented by some small-scale farming, and John occasionally hunts to put meat on the table. In the simpler days of their country youth, all of the children are rambunctious and curious, but as times grow tough and the Walton youths grow up to deal with them, the children slowly depart from the innocent, carefree days of walking everywhere barefoot while clad in overalls and hand-sewn pinafores, and into the harsh, demanding world of adulthood and responsibility. The family shares", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "2702135", "text": "Oerstadt in \"Déjà Vu\" (2006), Willard Hobbes in \"Escape Plan\" (2013), Bob Ladouceur in \"When the Game Stands Tall\" (2014), Jimmy Bierce in \"The Ballad of Lefty Brown\" (2017) and Luke in \"Paul, Apostle of Christ\" (2018). From 2011 until 2016, he starred as John Reese on the CBS science-fiction crime drama series \"Person of Interest\". Caviezel was born in Mount Vernon, Washington, the son of Margaret (née Lavery), a former stage actress and homemaker, and James Caviezel, a chiropractor. He has a younger brother, Timothy, and three sisters, Ann, Amy, and Erin. He was raised in a tightly knit", "title": "Jim Caviezel" }, { "id": "212635", "text": "even earlier for his portrait, in 1841. The original daguerreotype is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution. Adams occasionally is featured in the mass media. In the PBS miniseries \"The Adams Chronicles\" (1976), he was portrayed by David Birney, William Daniels, Marcel Trenchard, Steven Grover and Mark Winkworth. He was also portrayed by Anthony Hopkins in the 1997 film \"Amistad\", and again by Ebon Moss-Bachrach and Steven Hinkle in the 2008 HBO television miniseries \"John Adams\"; the HBO series received criticism for needless historical and temporal distortions in its portrayal. John Quincy Adams John", "title": "John Quincy Adams" }, { "id": "4327702", "text": "at Glan-y-mor Comprehensive School, and went on to train at the Central School of Speech and Drama in London. He graduated in 1994 with a BA (Hons) in Acting. He has been married since 1999 to Teresa, a primary school teacher. They live in Surrey with their two children. During 1995 he played the 'liebeslieder' in Stephen Sondheim's \"A Little Night Music\" at the National Theatre along with Judi Dench, Patricia Hodge, Joanna Riding and Siân Phillips, and in \"The Ladies Paradise\" at the RNT Studio. In 1998, he became the youngest person ever to play the role of Jean", "title": "John Owen-Jones" }, { "id": "5839000", "text": "accomplishments as an actor, most notably a nine-season run as Jason Walton on \"The Waltons\" (he also returned for all of the \"Waltons\" reunion projects during the 1980s and 1990s), as well as providing the voice of Christopher Robin for Disney's \"Winnie the Pooh\" cartoons. Jon Walmsley Jon Walmsley (born 6 February 1956 in Blackburn, Lancashire, England) is a British-American multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, actor and producer. Walmsley is a veteran of the stage and studio, having worked with many notable artists including Richard Marx, Brian Setzer, David Pack, David Koz, the Doobie Brothers, Michael McDonald, Gregg Allman, Merle Haggard, Roy Acuff,", "title": "Jon Walmsley" }, { "id": "9770189", "text": "couldn't attend the funeral, after he allowed him to go, due to his impersonator tour. Johnno Dean John \"Johnno\" Dean is a fictional character from the British soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played originally by Mark Powley. He first appeared in October 2002, and from April 2003 was replaced by Colin Wells until his exit on 22 July 2005. The character returned on 26 October 2017 until 31 October 2017 for a guest stint to tie in with the exit of Frankie Osborne. Mark Powley originally played Johnno but the role was recast in 2003 with Colin Wells. Hollyoaks did not anticipate", "title": "Johnno Dean" }, { "id": "5972557", "text": "the island. They allegedly came to blows in the late 1980s whilst touring the Netherlands in an old hippy bus driven by ex-paratrooper and traveller, Sam Ganja. They disbanded soon afterwards due to problems with drugs, alcohol and mental illness. The Waltons (UK band) The Waltons were an anarchic band from the Isle of Wight in the UK. The socio-political post-punk/rock 5-piece fronted by Tony Gregson (aka Tony Walton), had one minor hit with \"Brown Rice\" (the long grain mix) in the mid-1980s, and starred in Annika, an early Colin Nutley movie shot on the Island about a boy falling", "title": "The Waltons (UK band)" }, { "id": "3638002", "text": "addition, he created a second \"Shakespeare Garden\" on the theater's grounds. By this time he was also working sporadically again on Broadway. In 1964 he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical for \"110 in the Shade\". In 1972, he played the part of \"Bear Claw\" in \"Jeremiah Johnson\" along with Robert Redford. In 1972, he was cast as Zebulon Walton, the family patriarch on \"The Waltons,\" a role he took over from Edgar Bergen, who played the character in the pilot. He won an Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series", "title": "Will Geer" }, { "id": "8562895", "text": "include: \"Cop Shop\", \"Skyways\", \"The Sullivans\", \"A Country Practice\", \"Halifax f.p.\", \"McLeod's Daughters\", \"All Saints\", \"MDA\" and most recently \"Blue Heelers\". Walton died in 2014 after a long illness in Sydney, aged 62. John Walton (actor) John Walton (1952 – 17 July 2014) was an Australian actor of stage, television, and film, best known for his role in television soap opera The Young Doctors Walton was born in St. Ives, Sydney, Australia. He played Doctor Craig Rothwell in the television soap opera The Young Doctor during 1976 and 1977. In 1985 he also appeared in the miniseries \"Bodyline\", and he", "title": "John Walton (actor)" }, { "id": "2223218", "text": "Bill Walton William Theodore Walton III (born November 5, 1952) is an American retired basketball player and television sportscaster. Walton became known playing for John Wooden's powerhouse UCLA Bruins in the early 1970s, winning three successive College Player of the Year Awards, while leading the Bruins to two national titles. He then went on to have a prominent career in the National Basketball Association (NBA) where he was a league Most Valuable Player (MVP) and won two NBA championships. His professional career was significantly hampered by multiple foot injuries. Walton was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame", "title": "Bill Walton" }, { "id": "890303", "text": "York.\" \"The Waltons\" won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 1973. Also in 1973 Richard Thomas won the Emmy for Lead Actor in a Drama Series. Michael Learned won the Emmy for Lead Actress in a Drama Series three times (1973, 1974, and 1976). Ellen Corby was also a three-time winner in the Supporting Actress category, winning in 1973, 1975, and 1976. Will Geer was awarded the Supporting Actor Emmy in 1975. Veteran actress Beulah Bondi won an Emmy in 1977 for Lead Actress in a Single Performance for her guest appearance as Martha Corrine Walton in", "title": "The Waltons" }, { "id": "1195244", "text": "Joe Gould in \"Cinderella Man\" (2005), which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Chief Inspector Uhl in \"The Illusionist\" (2006), Karl Hertz in \"Shoot 'Em Up\" (2007), Nicholas \"Nick\" Claus in \"Fred Claus\" (2007), Tom Duffy in \"\" (2011), Theophilus Freeman in \"12 Years a Slave\" (2013), Ralph in \"Saving Mr. Banks\" (2013), Eugene Landy in \"Love & Mercy\" (2015), Dr. Lawrence Hayes in \"San Andreas\" (2015) and Jerry Heller in \"Straight Outta Compton\" (2015). He played the titular character in the HBO miniseries \"John Adams\" (2008), which earned him a Golden Globe Award,", "title": "Paul Giamatti" }, { "id": "2851728", "text": "Jonathan Taylor Thomas Jonathan Taylor Thomas (born Jonathan Taylor Weiss; September 8, 1981) is an American actor, voice actor, and director. He is known for portraying Randy Taylor on \"Home Improvement\" and voicing young Simba in Disney's 1994 film \"The Lion King\". Thomas was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, the son of Claudine (born Gonsalves), a personal manager and social worker, and Stephen Weiss, an industrial sales manager. The two divorced in 1991. His uncle is playwright and actor Jeff Weiss. Thomas has Pennsylvania Dutch (German) and Portuguese ancestry. In 2000, Thomas graduated with honors from Chaminade College Preparatory School in", "title": "Jonathan Taylor Thomas" }, { "id": "6697565", "text": "was taken over by Mitch Ryan. Robert also appeared in two other John Carpenter movies; namely \"Someone's Watching Me!\" (1978) and \"Starman\" (1984). His other film credits include \"Three Days of the Condor\" (1975), \"Just You and Me, Kid\" (1979), \"Zoot Suit\" (1981), \"The Gladiator\" (1986) and \"Impulse\" (1990). Phalen has made guest appearances on many TV shows. Some of those appearances include \"MASH\", \"Baretta\", \"Centennial\", \"Hill Street Blues\", \"The Facts of Life\", and \"Babylon 5\" (as the father of main character Susan Ivanova). Robert Phalen Robert Phalen (born May 10, 1937) is an American actor who starred in films", "title": "Robert Phalen" }, { "id": "17570585", "text": "Derrick Walton Derrick Walton Jr. (born April 3, 1995) is an American basketball player who plays for Žalgiris Kaunas of the Lithuanian Basketball League and the EuroLeague. After going undrafted in the 2017 NBA draft, he spent his first professional season as a two-way contract player with the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association and their G League affiliate, the Sioux Falls Skyforce. Walton played college basketball for the Michigan Wolverines. As a high school senior at Chandler Park Academy in 2013, he was a \"Parade\" All-American, the Michigan Boys Basketball Gatorade Player of the Year and the runner-up", "title": "Derrick Walton" }, { "id": "6764023", "text": "Walton family The Walton family is an American family whose collective fortune makes them the richest family in the United States and among the richest in the world. The majority of their wealth derives from the heritage of Bud and Sam Walton, who were the co-founders of the world's largest retailer, Walmart. The three most prominent living members (Jim, Rob and Alice) have consistently been in the top twenty of the \"Forbes\" 400 since 2001, as were John ( 2005) and Helen (d. 2007) prior to their deaths. Christy Walton took her husband John's place in that ranking after his", "title": "Walton family" }, { "id": "9814697", "text": "Ridge Canipe Ridge Canipe (born July 13, 1994) is an American actor. Ridge is best known for his roles in \"Walk the Line\" (in which he played Johnny Cash as a boy), the thriller \"Baby Blues\" in 2008 and the 2005 version of \"Bad News Bears\". He also co-starred in the 231st presentation of the Hallmark Hall of Fame production \"Pictures of Hollis Woods\" which aired on CBS in December 2007. He helped \"Walk the Line\" castmate and friend Hailey Anne Nelson, write and issue a vegan cookbook for children by PETA. He has also appeared in a couple of", "title": "Ridge Canipe" }, { "id": "3273355", "text": "Phil Harris Wonga Philip Harris (June 24, 1904 – August 11, 1995) was an American comedian, actor, singer, and jazz musician. He was an orchestra leader and a pioneer in radio situation comedy, first with Jack Benny, then in a series in which he co-starred with his wife, singer-actress Alice Faye, for eight years. Harris is also noted for his voice acting in animated films. He played Baloo the bear in \"The Jungle Book\" (1967), Thomas O'Malley in \"The Aristocats\" (1970), and Little John in \"Robin Hood\" (1973). In 1981, he sang \"Back Home Again in Indiana\" before the Indianapolis", "title": "Phil Harris" }, { "id": "4575552", "text": "Ellen Corby Ellen Hansen Corby (June 3, 1911 – April 14, 1999) was an American actress. She is best remembered for the role of Grandma Esther Walton on the CBS television series \"The Waltons\", for which she won three Emmy Awards. She was also nominated for an Academy Award and won a Golden Globe Award for her performance as Aunt Trina in \"I Remember Mama\" (1948). Ellen Hansen was born in Racine, Wisconsin, to immigrant parents from Denmark. She grew up in Philadelphia. An interest in amateur theater while in high school led her to Atlantic City in 1932, where", "title": "Ellen Corby" }, { "id": "3704268", "text": "the series was cancelled in 1979. Other television shows Brown has appeared on include \"The Flip Wilson Show\", \"The Jeffersons\", \"Family Matters\", \"Sister, Sister\", \"The Jamie Foxx Show\" and \"Martin\". Brown also used to go to school with Walter Dean Myers when he lived in Harlem as a boy. Brown is also the father of actress Sharon Brown, who was born in 1962, and also the father of John Brown Jr. or J.J Brown Jr. Brown had earlier established himself in the Broadway musical \"Golden Boy\", starring Sammy Davis, Jr.; his supporting role was in the part of Ronnie and", "title": "Johnny Brown (actor)" }, { "id": "4404930", "text": "became their commercial breakthrough, spawning the Top 40 hits \"Colder Than You\", \"In the Meantime\" and \"The Naked Rain\", and won a CASBY Award for Best Debut Album in 1992. In 1993, the band toured Canada as an opening act for Barenaked Ladies. In 1994, the band won a Juno Award for Best New Group, as well as a SOCAN Award to mark \"In the Meantime\" being one of the most-played songs on Canadian radio in the previous year. Also that year they released the \"Simple Brain\" EP, which comprised the title track, which the band had written for the", "title": "Waltons (band)" }, { "id": "6764024", "text": "death. , the Waltons collectively owned 50.8 percent of the company. In May 2018, the annual Sunday Times Rich List indicated the Walton family's wealth is at $US174.9 billion. The Walton family fortune breaks down as follows: Walton family The Walton family is an American family whose collective fortune makes them the richest family in the United States and among the richest in the world. The majority of their wealth derives from the heritage of Bud and Sam Walton, who were the co-founders of the world's largest retailer, Walmart. The three most prominent living members (Jim, Rob and Alice) have", "title": "Walton family" }, { "id": "4053515", "text": "a recurring role in Yellowstone, as a younger version of John Dutton, portrayed by Kevin Costner. Josh Lucas’ career also includes voice over work (or voice acting) with \"Breathe Bible\". Lucas is also an owner and promoter of the company Filthy Food with friends Marc and Daniel Singer. Lucas met freelance writer Jessica Ciencin Henriquez at a dog park in 2011. They became engaged six weeks later and married on March 17, 2012, in Central Park. Their son, Noah Rev Maurer, was born in June 2012. In January 2014, Ciencin Henriquez filed for a divorce that became final in October", "title": "Josh Lucas" }, { "id": "11557063", "text": "Hot 100 year-end chart and as the thirty-third best selling song of 2008. The song was also her best selling single there, selling 2 million downloads and earning a double platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The music video for \"American Boy\" was directed by Syndrome. It features guest appearances by John Legend, Kardinal Offishall, Sa-Ra's Taz Arnold, Kidz in the Hall's Naledge and Double-O, Danger Mouse, Consequence, Hi-Tek, Ryan Leslie, T.I., Brandon Hines, LL Cool J, and \"106 & Park\"s Terrence J, among others. The music video was nominated for Best UK Video at the", "title": "American Boy" }, { "id": "2107298", "text": "tone and a sense of balance.\" Jon Favreau Jonathan Kolia Favreau (; born October 19, 1966) is an American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. As an actor, he is known for roles in films such as \"Rudy\" (1993), \"Swingers\" (1996) (which he also wrote), \"Very Bad Things\" (1998), \"The Break-Up\" (2006), \"Friends\" (1994-2004), \"Couples Retreat\" (2009), and \"Chef\" (2014) (which he also directed). He has additionally directed the films \"Elf\" (2003), \"\" (2005), \"Iron Man\" (2008), \"Iron Man 2\" (2010), \"Cowboys & Aliens\" (2011), and \"The Jungle Book\" (2016), and served as an executive producer on \"The Avengers\" (2012), \"Iron", "title": "Jon Favreau" }, { "id": "7479529", "text": "No Sweat (TV series) No Sweat is a British television children's comedy show that went to air on CBBC in the late 1990s. The show followed the exploits of struggling boy band, North & South, consisting of Jimmy (played by James Hurst), Greg (played by Lee Otter), Miles (played by Tom Lowe) and Giles (played by Sam Chapman), who were a band in real life, scoring four United Kingdom Top 40 hits between 1997 and 1998 including a #7 debut single \"I'm A Man Not A Boy\" in May 1997. The band was formed by pop music manager Tom Watkins,", "title": "No Sweat (TV series)" }, { "id": "17654407", "text": "Robert Scott Wilson Robert Scott Wilson (born November 9, 1987) is an American model and actor. He is known for being the first male model of \"The Price Is Right\". He is also known for portraying the role of Ben Weston on \"Days of Our Lives\". Wilson grew up in central Massachusetts, the towns of Uxbridge and Grafton. In 2006, he moved to New York after graduating from Grafton Memorial High School. Wilson appeared in episodes of the television series \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\" and \"The Middle\". He has guest-starred as Colin Kirk in \"Supah Ninjas\" and", "title": "Robert Scott Wilson" }, { "id": "1470945", "text": "Tom Wilkinson Thomas Geoffrey Wilkinson (born 5 February 1948) is an English actor. He has twice been nominated for an Academy Award, for his roles in \"In the Bedroom\" (2001) and \"Michael Clayton\" (2007). In 2009, he won Golden Globe and Primetime Emmy Awards for Best Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Film for playing Benjamin Franklin in \"John Adams\". Wilkinson was born in Wharfedale, West Riding of Yorkshire, the son of Marjorie and Thomas Wilkinson, a farmer. At the age of four, he moved with his family to Canada, where they lived for several years before returning to the", "title": "Tom Wilkinson" }, { "id": "9814698", "text": "episodes of \"Desperate Housewives\", as Danny Farrell, the paper boy of Wisteria Lane. Other appearances in television shows include guest roles in \"Angel\", \"Cold Case\", \"\" and \"Drake & Josh\". He has also appeared as young Dean Winchester in the CW TV series \"Supernatural\". Ridge Canipe Ridge Canipe (born July 13, 1994) is an American actor. Ridge is best known for his roles in \"Walk the Line\" (in which he played Johnny Cash as a boy), the thriller \"Baby Blues\" in 2008 and the 2005 version of \"Bad News Bears\". He also co-starred in the 231st presentation of the Hallmark", "title": "Ridge Canipe" }, { "id": "17679935", "text": "Randall Carver Randall Carver (born May 25 in Fort Worth, Texas) is an American actor. Carver started his acting career in the late 1960s, and portrayed roles in films and television. Notably, he portrayed John Burns in \"Taxi\" throughout the first season (1978–79) until his character was written out of the series and then replaced by Jim Ignatowski, portrayed by Christopher Lloyd, for subsequent seasons. Carver, a Texan native, graduated from Missouri Military Academy and then West Texas State University. He also graduated from the Fine Arts program of the University of California, Los Angeles. Carver appeared in minor roles,", "title": "Randall Carver" }, { "id": "20263195", "text": "have fun; her convivial bop sounds as effortless as something dreamed up between lunch and dinner.\". The song was placed on several critics' lists for best of the year. The music video for \"Boys\" was released on 26 July 2017. It was directed by Charli XCX, with additional direction from Sarah McColgan, and began production in April 2017. The video features a multitude of different celebrity cameos: Frank Carter, DNCE frontman Joe Jonas,Connor Franta, Caspar Lee, Panic! At The Disco frontman Brendon Urie, One Ok Rock vocalist Takahiro Moriuchi, G-Eazy, Bleachers frontman Jack Antonoff, producer Mark Ronson, singer Mac DeMarco,", "title": "Boys (Charli XCX song)" }, { "id": "5048910", "text": "age 67, and was cremated. Doyle's sister, Mary, was a stage actress. Mary died from lung cancer in 1995. David Doyle (actor) David Fitzgerald Doyle (December 1, 1929 – February 26, 1997) was an American actor best known for his portrayal of John Bosley on the 1970s TV series \"Charlie's Angels\". Doyle was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Mary Ruth (née Fitzgerald) and Lewis Raymond Doyle, an attorney. His maternal grandfather, John Fitzgerald, was a prominent railroad builder and banker in Nebraska. He graduated from Campion High School in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin in 1947. He is best", "title": "David Doyle (actor)" }, { "id": "10032923", "text": "in a season (589) which was set during the 1983 season. After leaving the NFL, Walton become head football coach at his Alma mater, Elizabeth City State University, on January 15, 1980. He was the head coach from 1980–82 going 7-2-1 (5-2 in the CIAA) in 1980, 8-3 (6-1 in the CIAA) in 1981 and 5-5 (3-4 in the CIAA) and compiling a 20-10-1 overall record. He left ECSU to return to pro football as the quarterback of the Boston/New Orleans Breakers. In 1991 Walton was the Offensive Coordinator for the Raleigh-Durham Skyhawks of the World League of American Football", "title": "John Walton (American football)" }, { "id": "2107281", "text": "Jon Favreau Jonathan Kolia Favreau (; born October 19, 1966) is an American actor, director, producer and screenwriter. As an actor, he is known for roles in films such as \"Rudy\" (1993), \"Swingers\" (1996) (which he also wrote), \"Very Bad Things\" (1998), \"The Break-Up\" (2006), \"Friends\" (1994-2004), \"Couples Retreat\" (2009), and \"Chef\" (2014) (which he also directed). He has additionally directed the films \"Elf\" (2003), \"\" (2005), \"Iron Man\" (2008), \"Iron Man 2\" (2010), \"Cowboys & Aliens\" (2011), and \"The Jungle Book\" (2016), and served as an executive producer on \"The Avengers\" (2012), \"Iron Man 3\" (2013), \"\" (2015), \"\"", "title": "Jon Favreau" }, { "id": "2223236", "text": "first father-son pair to have both won multiple NBA championships. Luke was named head coach of the Lakers on April 29, 2016, after two years as an assistant for the Golden State Warriors. Another of Walton's sons, Chris, played for San Diego State. Nate, his middle son, played basketball at Princeton but then entered the corporate world and earned his MBA from Stanford University's Graduate School of Business. (Bill Walton attended Stanford Law School for two years but never graduated.) Nate was on the ballot for the 2003 California Recall Election, receiving 1,697 votes. Walton's other son, Adam, also played", "title": "Bill Walton" }, { "id": "648830", "text": "John Travolta John Joseph Travolta (born February 18, 1954) is an American actor, film producer, dancer, and singer. Travolta first became known in the 1970s, after appearing on the television series \"Welcome Back, Kotter\" (1975–1979) and starring in the box office successes \"Saturday Night Fever\" (1977) and \"Grease\" (1978). His acting career declined through the 1980s, but enjoyed a resurgence in the 1990s with his role in \"Pulp Fiction\" (1994), and he has since starred in films such as \"Get Shorty\", \"Broken Arrow\", \"Face/Off\", \"Swordfish\", \"Be Cool\", \"Wild Hogs\", \"Hairspray\", and \"The Taking of Pelham 123\". Travolta was nominated for", "title": "John Travolta" }, { "id": "18902345", "text": "Anthony Ingruber Anthony Ingruber (born 5 February 1990) is a Dutch/Australian actor, voice actor, and impressionist. Ingruber is best known for his role as John Doe/the Joker in \"\" and \"\" as well as a young Harrison Ford character in the film \"The Age of Adaline\". Anthony Ingruber was born on 5 February 1990 and grew up in Australia, New Zealand, Cyprus, the Netherlands and Canada. In Canada, Ingruber attended a drama school and used internet platforms like YouTube to publish his voice impressions. Since 2006, Ingruber has played supporting roles in different TV series. In 2008, he uploaded videos", "title": "Anthony Ingruber" }, { "id": "8244255", "text": "Brett Halsey Brett Halsey (born Charles Oliver Hand on June 20, 1933 in Santa Ana, California) is an American film actor, sometimes credited as Montgomery Ford. He had a prolific career in B pictures and in European-made feature films. He originated the role of John Abbott on the soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\", a role he filled only from May 1980 to March 1981, when he was replaced by Jerry Douglas. Halsey is a great-nephew of the United States Navy Admiral William F. Halsey, Jr., also known as Bull Halsey, commander of the Pacific Allied naval forces during", "title": "Brett Halsey" }, { "id": "6337114", "text": "\"Jewish mother\". Don graduated from Grover Cleveland High School in Reseda, California, in 1972. He played football for the school team, and he won leading roles in the theater arts department. He portrayed John in \"Dark of the Moon\", Sky Masterson in \"Guys and Dolls\", Tevye in \"Fiddler on the Roof\", and, in an award-winning Shakespeare Festival scene, the title role in \"Othello\". Stark has an extensive background in dancing, bodybuilding and martial arts. Don is probably best recognized as Bob Pinciotti, the bumbling next door neighbor of the Foreman family and the father of Donna Pinciotti (Laura Prepon) on", "title": "Don Stark" }, { "id": "3660937", "text": "and \"Dallas\" (1989). Peck has also appeared in films such as \"Dangerously Close\", \"Lambada\", \"To Grandmother's House We Go\" and \"Blind Heat\", and was one of the hosts of the Miss USA 1998 pageant. Peck has been married to Sonya Zaza since 1989. They have two sons, Austin and Dalton. J. Eddie Peck John Edward Peck (born October 10, 1958) is an American television and film actor. His best-known roles include Cole Howard on \"The Young and the Restless\" and Jake Martin on \"All My Children\". He lived in Joplin, Missouri during the 1970s and graduated in 1976 from Joplin", "title": "J. Eddie Peck" } ]

[ "Christopher Masterson" ]

[ { "id": "1962415", "text": "My Best Friend's Wedding My Best Friend's Wedding is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by P.J. Hogan from a screenplay by Ronald Bass. The film stars Julia Roberts, Dermot Mulroney, Cameron Diaz and Rupert Everett. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and was a global box-office hit. The soundtrack song \"I Say a Little Prayer (For You)\" was covered by singer Diana King and featured heavily in the film, making it a US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 hit. The soundtrack featured a number of Burt Bacharach/Hal David songs. A Chinese remake of the same name was released", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding" }, { "id": "3678924", "text": "character in the films \"Scary Movie 2\", \"Waterborne\", \"Made for Each Other\" and \"Intellectual Property\". He guest starred in two episodes of \"That '70s Show\", alongside his brother, Danny. In the USA Network television series \"White Collar\", he played Josh Roland in the episode \"Where There's a Will\". He also played Scotty O'Neal in the movie \"My Best Friend's Wedding\". In 2012, Masterson had a guest role on the TBS series \"Men at Work\" as a concierge named Archie. His brother, Danny Masterson, plays Milo, on the show, although the two did not share any scenes together. In the 2010s,", "title": "Christopher Masterson" }, { "id": "1962431", "text": "by AllMusic to work \"better than it should, since most of the vocalists... concentrate on the songs...\" My Best Friend's Wedding My Best Friend's Wedding is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by P.J. Hogan from a screenplay by Ronald Bass. The film stars Julia Roberts, Dermot Mulroney, Cameron Diaz and Rupert Everett. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and was a global box-office hit. The soundtrack song \"I Say a Little Prayer (For You)\" was covered by singer Diana King and featured heavily in the film, making it a US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 hit. The soundtrack", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding" }, { "id": "1962427", "text": "73% approval rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 59 reviews, with an average rating of 6.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Thanks to a charming performance from Julia Roberts and a subversive spin on the genre, \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" is a refreshingly entertaining romantic comedy.\" On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 50 out of 100 based on 23 critical reviews, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Total Film praised the film, giving it four stars out of five and stating \"Here she banishes all memories of Mary Reilly and I Love Trouble with a lively, nay", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding" }, { "id": "19542602", "text": "My Best Friend's Wedding (2016 film) My Best Friend's Wedding is a 2016 Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Chen Feihong and starring Shu Qi, Feng Shaofeng, Victoria Song, Ye Qing, and Rhydian Vaughan. The film is a remake of the 1997 American film of the same name. It was released in China by China Film Group Corporation on 5 August 2016. A successful fashion editor realizes she has romantic feelings for her childhood best friend when he invites her to his lavish London wedding. She goes all the way out to win him back but failed because he now", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding (2016 film)" }, { "id": "19542603", "text": "loves his fiancé. My Best Friend's Wedding (2016 film) My Best Friend's Wedding is a 2016 Chinese romantic comedy film directed by Chen Feihong and starring Shu Qi, Feng Shaofeng, Victoria Song, Ye Qing, and Rhydian Vaughan. The film is a remake of the 1997 American film of the same name. It was released in China by China Film Group Corporation on 5 August 2016. A successful fashion editor realizes she has romantic feelings for her childhood best friend when he invites her to his lavish London wedding. She goes all the way out to win him back but failed", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding (2016 film)" }, { "id": "1962426", "text": "lives. Later, Julianne is surprised by George showing up at the wedding reception. The movie ends with the two of them happily sharing a dance together. The film opened at No. 2 at the North American box office, making $21,678,377 USD in its opening weekend, behind \"Batman & Robin\". It stayed in the top 10 weekly U.S. box-office for six consecutive weeks, and eventually earned $127,120,029. The worldwide gross total stands at $299,288,605 (listed as one of the 10 biggest films of 1997 both domestically and worldwide). The film received generally positive reviews from critics. , the film holds a", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding" }, { "id": "2129100", "text": "Rupert Everett Rupert James Hector Everett (; born 29 May 1959) is an English actor and writer. He first came to public attention in 1981, when he was cast in Julian Mitchell's play and subsequent film \"Another Country\" (1984) as an openly homosexual pupil at an English public school in the 1930s; the role earned him his first BAFTA Award nomination. He went on to receive a second BAFTA Award nomination and his first Golden Globe Award nomination for his role in \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1997), followed by a second Golden Globe nomination for \"An Ideal Husband\" (1999). Everett", "title": "Rupert Everett" }, { "id": "1962429", "text": "slyer with modulation\", concluding that \"Roberts puts her heart into this one\". Joanna Berry of Radio Times gave it four stars out of five, observing that this \"sparkling comedy\" proved to be a career-resurrecting movie for Julia Roberts. Roger Ebert of \"Chicago Sun-Times\" said, \"One of the pleasures of Ronald Bass' screenplay is the way it subverts the usual comic formulas that would fuel a plot like this.\" CNN movie reviewer Carol Buckland said Roberts \"lights up the screen\", calling the film \"fluffy fun\". Andrew Johnson, writing in \"Time Out New York\", observed, \"The best scene occurs when Julianne's gay", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding" }, { "id": "1962430", "text": "editor and confidant George (Everett) turns up in Chicago and poses as her fiancé, seizing control of the film for five delicious minutes. His devilish impersonation of a straight guy is priceless, and things only get better when he leads a sing-along at the rehearsal dinner. At times like this, when the film spins into pop culture overdrive that it stops being a star vehicle and flirts with genuine comic brilliance.\" American Film Institute recognition: The soundtrack was released on June 17, 1997 with Stage and Screen genre. The soundtrack relied on covers of familiar songs. The soundtrack was praised", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding" }, { "id": "524243", "text": "Diego, California, Diaz was raised in Long Beach. While still in high school, she signed a modeling contract with Elite Model Management. She made her film debut at age 21 opposite Jim Carrey in the comedy \"The Mask\" (1994). She was subsequently cast in a supporting role in \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1996) before appearing as the titular Mary in the Farrelly brothers' hit comedy \"There's Something About Mary\" (1998), which brought her increased notoriety and a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in a Comedy or Musical. Her following two projectsthe sports drama \"Any Given Sunday\", and Spike Jonze's", "title": "Cameron Diaz" }, { "id": "5667882", "text": "Dermot Mulroney Dermot Mulroney (born October 31, 1963) is an American actor, musician, and voice actor. He is best known for his roles in romantic comedy, western, and drama films. Appearing on screen since the mid 1980s, he is known for his work in films such as \"Young Guns\" (1988), \"Staying Together\" (1989), \"Where the Day Takes You\" (1992), \"Point of No Return\" (1993), \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1997), \"About Schmidt\" (2002), \"The Wedding Date\" (2005), \"\" (2013), \"\" (2015), and the HBO films \"The Last Outlaw\" (1993) and \"Long Gone\" (1987). Mulroney played the main antagonist Francis Gibson in", "title": "Dermot Mulroney" }, { "id": "1962416", "text": "in China on 5 August 2016. Julianne Potter (Julia Roberts), a 27-year-old New York City restaurant critic, receives a call from her lifelong friend Michael O'Neal (Dermot Mulroney). In college, the two made an agreement that if neither of them were married by the time they turned 28, they would marry each other. Three weeks before her 28th birthday, Michael tells her that in four days, he will marry Kimmy Wallace (Cameron Diaz), a 20-year-old University of Chicago student from a wealthy family. Julianne is disappointed that Michael will marry someone whom she perceives as being so wrong for him,", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding" }, { "id": "524252", "text": "perform in the film \"Mortal Kombat\", but had to resign after breaking her hand while training for the role. Besides a starring part in the little-seen \"A Life Less Ordinary\", Diaz returned to mainstream in 1997 with the romantic comedy \"My Best Friend's Wedding\". In it, she starred opposite Julia Roberts, playing the wealthy fiancée of a sportswriter who is the long-time friend of Roberts' character. The film was a global box-office hit and is considered as one of the best romantic comedy films of all time. In 1998, Diaz starred in \"There's Something About Mary\", as the titular role", "title": "Cameron Diaz" }, { "id": "13425485", "text": "John Hancock (actor) John Hancock (March 4, 1941 – October 12, 1992) was an American film and television actor. Born in Hazen, Arkansas, Hancock is possibly best remembered for his role as \"Scotty\" in the ABC miniseries \"\". His large size and distinctive bass voice allowed him to establish a niche playing authority figures, and he was often cast as a minister, judge or high-ranking military officer. Hancock also made recurring appearances in several television shows during his career, including \"Knots Landing\", \"Family Ties\", \"Diff'rent Strokes\", \"Cop Rock\", \"The Dukes of Hazzard\", \"\", \"Amen\", \"Midnight Caller\", \"Pacific Station\", and \"L.A.", "title": "John Hancock (actor)" }, { "id": "6384719", "text": "Date Movie Date Movie is a 2006 American romantic comedy film directed by Aaron Seltzer. Much of the story line is based on that of the romantic comedy \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\" and \"Meet the Fockers\". It stars Alyson Hannigan, Adam Campbell, Sophie Monk, Tony Cox, Jennifer Coolidge, Meera Simhan, Eddie Griffin, and Fred Willard. The film was panned by film critics and has a 7% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The film was a box office success. Julia Jones (Alyson Hannigan) is an obese woman who dreams of marrying Napoleon Dynamite (Josh Meyers), but even in her dreams she", "title": "Date Movie" }, { "id": "7530146", "text": "named Madison (Sarah Ellen). For his portrayal of Scott, Donovan won Most Popular New Talent at the 1987 Logie Awards. A year later, he won the Logie for Most Popular Actor and was nominated for a Gold Logie for \"Most Popular Personality\". Donovan was again nominated for the Gold Logie for Most Popular Personality in his final year on \"Neighbours\" in 1989. Scott and Charlene's wedding was seen by 20 million viewers in the United Kingdom and was voted the \"Most Romantic TV Nuptials of all Time\". The wedding episode made the cover of \"TIME magazine Australia\" and Minogue and", "title": "Scott Robinson (Neighbours)" }, { "id": "17342818", "text": "Cameron Diaz filmography Cameron Diaz is a retired American actress who has appeared in over 40 films over her career, which spans over two decades. Originally a model, Diaz made her film debut in the comedy \"The Mask\" (1994). After supporting roles in several independent films and comedies, such as \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1997), she has the starring role of Mary in the hit comedy \"There's Something About Mary\" (1998), which earned her a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Lead Actress in a Comedy or Musical. She was subsequently cast in Spike Jonze's surrealist fantasy film \"Being John", "title": "Cameron Diaz filmography" }, { "id": "8894484", "text": "Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai (English: \"It's My Friend's Wedding\") is a 2002 Indian Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Gadhvi and produced by Yash Chopra and Aditya Chopra under Yash Raj Films. The film starred Uday Chopra, Jimmy Sheirgill, Bipasha Basu and Tulip Joshi. The film was said to be partly inspired by \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1997). The director Gadhvi, however, claims that he mainly drew from earlier Hindi films and that \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" only provided less than 1% of the inspiration for his film. The film did good business at the", "title": "Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai" }, { "id": "7489702", "text": "for PBS. Bosco also portrayed Vincenzo the butler in the 1995 comedy \"It Takes Two\", and portrayed Walter Wallace, father of the bride-to-be in the 1997 romantic comedy \"My Best Friend's Wedding\", co-starring Julia Roberts, Cameron Diaz and Dermot Mulroney. In 1988, Bosco won a Daytime Emmy Award for his appearance in the \"ABC Afterschool Special\" \"Read Between The Lines\". Bosco was a series regular on the FX original series \"Damages\". He narrated \"Desert Giant: The World of the Saguaro Cactus\" by Barbara Bash on the PBS series \"Reading Rainbow\" in its sixty-second episode on March 27, 1990. In 1998,", "title": "Philip Bosco" }, { "id": "20358006", "text": "Scotty and the Secret History of Hollywood Scotty and the Secret History of Hollywood is a 2017 American documentary film about the life of Scotty Bowers, who acted as a pimp in Hollywood from the 1940s to 80s. It was produced and directed by Matt Tyrnauer, a Special Correspondent for \"Vanity Fair\" magazine. The film premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival and is scheduled for theatrical release on July 27, 2018. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 91% based on 55 reviews, with an average rating of 7/10. The site's critical", "title": "Scotty and the Secret History of Hollywood" }, { "id": "5667890", "text": "nominated for Best Kiss, with Winona Ryder, for \"How to Make an American Quilt\" (1996) at the MTV Movie Awards. Several of his lead performances have been in romantic comedy films. Mulroney has appeared in many movies, including as the male lead in \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" alongside Julia Roberts and Cameron Diaz. In 1993 Mulroney played \"J.P\", the boyfriend of star \"Maggie\" (played by Bridget Fonda) in \"Point of No Return\". Mulroney also played the love interest of Madeleine Stowe in the western \"Bad Girls\". In 2005, he played a male escort alongside Debra Messing in \"The Wedding Date\",", "title": "Dermot Mulroney" }, { "id": "20973377", "text": "This Is It (Scotty McCreery song) \"This Is It\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Scotty McCreery. It was released to digital retailers on March 9, 2018 and was released to radio on May 7, 2018. The song is the second single released from his fourth studio album \"Seasons Change\" (2018). McCreery wrote the song with Frank Rogers and Aaron Eshuis two weeks before proposing to his longtime girlfriend. He sang the song at his wedding reception. The song's music video was directed by Jeff Ray. The music video features real-life footage from McCreery's wedding.", "title": "This Is It (Scotty McCreery song)" }, { "id": "9600956", "text": "they released the album \"Black Sheep\" in 2011. Later on, Wolff began focusing his career on further acting roles. He portrayed Dzhokhar Tsarnaev in \"Patriots Day\" (2016) and John \"Derf\" Backderf in \"My Friend Dahmer\" (2017). Other acting roles include \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding 2\" (2016), \"\" (2017), and \"Hereditary\" (2018). He is also co-starring with his brother in his mother's film \"Stella's Last Weekend\" (2018) and in his directorial debut \"The Cat and the Moon\" (2019). Wolff was born in Manhattan, New York, to actress and writer Polly Draper and jazz pianist Michael Wolff. He is the younger", "title": "Alex Wolff" }, { "id": "2746611", "text": "series \"Six Feet Under\" and \"Brothers & Sisters\", Griffiths returned to live in her native Australia in 2012. Rachel Griffiths Rachel Anne Griffiths (born December 18, 1968) is an Australian actress and director. Raised primarily in Melbourne, she began her acting career appearing on the Australian series \"Secrets\" before being cast in a supporting role in the comedy \"Muriel's Wedding\" (1994), which earned her an AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She would garner further international recognition for her role opposite Julia Roberts in the American romantic comedy \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1997), followed by her role", "title": "Rachel Griffiths" }, { "id": "12956062", "text": "Scott Eastwood Scott Eastwood (born Scott Clinton Reeves; March 21, 1986) is an American actor and model. He has appeared in the films \"Flags of Our Fathers\" (2006), \"Gran Torino\" (2008), \"Invictus\" (2009), \"The Forger\" (2012), \"Trouble with the Curve\" (2012), \"Texas Chainsaw\" (2013), \"Fury\" (2014), \"The Perfect Wave\" (2014), \"The Longest Ride\" (2015), \"Mercury Plains\" (2016), \"Suicide Squad\" (2016), \"Snowden\" (2016), \"Walk of Fame\" (2017), \"The Fate of the Furious\" (2017), \"Overdrive\" (2017), and \"Pacific Rim Uprising\" (2018). He has also been the model for the fragrance Cool Water by Davidoff. He is the youngest son of Academy Award-winning", "title": "Scott Eastwood" }, { "id": "17423730", "text": "played Tinker Bell in the Steven Spielberg-directed fantasy adventure \"Hook\". Two years later, Roberts starred in the legal thriller \"The Pelican Brief\", an adaptation of the John Grisham novel of the same name. During the late 1990s, she played the lead in the romantic comedies \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1997), \"Notting Hill\" (1999), and \"Runaway Bride\" (1999). She also played in the movie /Stepmom/ In 2000, Roberts became the first actress to earn $20 million for playing the eponymous environmental activist in the Steven Soderbergh-directed biographical film \"Erin Brockovich\". Her performance garnered her the Academy Award for Best Actress, the", "title": "Julia Roberts filmography" }, { "id": "1962428", "text": "sparkling, performance. Smiling that killer smile, shedding those winning tears, delivering great lines with effortless charm, Roberts is back where she rightly belongs - not in grey period costume, but as the sexy queen of laughs\". The Review also said that \"\"My Best Friend's Wedding\" is a perfect date movie\", and a film that \"proves Roberts isn't as crap as we all thought she was\". Peter Travers of \"Rolling Stone\" called it \"the summer-date-film supreme for pretty women and the gay men they love\", despite criticisms of the script. He praises Roberts as \"riper, more dexterous with a comic line,", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding" }, { "id": "16684627", "text": "The Big Wedding The Big Wedding is a 2013 American comedy film written and directed by Justin Zackham. It is an American remake of the original 2006 Swiss/French film \"\" (My Brother is Getting Married), written by Jean-Stéphane Bron and Karine Sudan. The film stars a large ensemble cast including Robert De Niro, Katherine Heigl, Diane Keaton, Amanda Seyfried, Topher Grace, Ben Barnes, Susan Sarandon and Robin Williams. It was released on April 26, 2013 by Lionsgate in the United States and Canada. Don and Ellie Griffin were a New England couple married for twenty years before they divorced. They", "title": "The Big Wedding" }, { "id": "9233665", "text": "illness in the same year, and he died shortly after. Lauren then moved to Los Angeles, and she took Scotty with her. Over the next few years, Lauren traveled the world. It was revealed during that time that Scotty spent his childhood in boarding school. Lauren returned to Genoa City in 2001 while Scotty was still in school. After her return, Lauren married Michael Baldwin (Christian LeBlanc) in 2005. Michael soon quizzed Lauren about her rarely mentioned son, Scotty, hopeful that he would attend the wedding, and they could finally meet, but Lauren was evasive. After a failed internet search,", "title": "Scotty Grainger" }, { "id": "3590106", "text": "Grove, Minnesota. He is the son of Patricia Anne (née Simons), a homemaker, and William Frank Scott, a factory worker. Scott is the youngest of seven children. He has English, Irish, Scottish, and German ancestry. Scott's first commercial success came with the 1999 film \"American Pie\", as Steve Stifler, a role he reprised in three sequels, \"American Pie 2\" (2001), \"American Wedding\" (2003), and \"American Reunion\" (2012). For his supporting role in the first film, Scott was paid only $8,000. Scott was granted the lead role in \"American Wedding\", though he only received second billing, and the character propelled him", "title": "Seann William Scott" }, { "id": "12956067", "text": "2016. Scott Eastwood Scott Eastwood (born Scott Clinton Reeves; March 21, 1986) is an American actor and model. He has appeared in the films \"Flags of Our Fathers\" (2006), \"Gran Torino\" (2008), \"Invictus\" (2009), \"The Forger\" (2012), \"Trouble with the Curve\" (2012), \"Texas Chainsaw\" (2013), \"Fury\" (2014), \"The Perfect Wave\" (2014), \"The Longest Ride\" (2015), \"Mercury Plains\" (2016), \"Suicide Squad\" (2016), \"Snowden\" (2016), \"Walk of Fame\" (2017), \"The Fate of the Furious\" (2017), \"Overdrive\" (2017), and \"Pacific Rim Uprising\" (2018). He has also been the model for the fragrance Cool Water by Davidoff. He is the youngest son of Academy", "title": "Scott Eastwood" }, { "id": "15392261", "text": "became McCreery's first #1 single on the country singles charts. On August 5, 2018, McCreery appeared on \"Celebrity Family Feud\" and won $25,000 for his charity, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. McCreery is a professed Christian. He graduated from Garner Magnet High School in 2012, and attended North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina, pursuing a bachelor's degree in communications. Although he is a quarter Puerto Rican, he does not speak Spanish fluently, and regrets that he did not learn the language when he was younger. In September 2017, McCreery got engaged to his longtime girlfriend Gabi Dugal They", "title": "Scotty McCreery" }, { "id": "9233663", "text": "Scotty Grainger Scotty Grainger is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". He was played by actor Blair Redford from July 2005 until January 2006. In January 2017, \"Soap Opera Digest\" announced that Daniel Hall had been recast in the role. In January 2018, Hall was written out of the show, he last aired on January 17. In 1989, Lauren Fenmore (Tracey E. Bregman) and Dr. Scott Grainger (Peter Barton) got married, but Sheila Carter (Kimberlin Brown) wanted Scott for herself. She drugged him in order to get herself pregnant, and she and Lauren", "title": "Scotty Grainger" }, { "id": "9885802", "text": "for Springfield in Australia (#2), New Zealand (#3), South Africa (#2), and Canada (#2). Ani DiFranco's rendition of this song recorded in 1995 and released in November 1995, was featured over the opening credits of the film, \"My Best Friend's Wedding\". That film, along with the \"Austin Powers\" films, is suggested to have led to the renewed popularity of the Bacharach-David catalog. Wishin' and Hopin' \"Wishin' and Hopin'\" is a song, written by Hal David and Burt Bacharach, which was a Top 10 hit for Dusty Springfield in 1964. The song was first recorded by Dionne Warwick in the fall", "title": "Wishin' and Hopin'" }, { "id": "14362280", "text": "against him and when she was finally arrested, she continued the harassment in jail until the day she died of a drug overdose in September 2012. Neil has directed many well-known actors in film and television: Christopher Lee (Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, Dracula) William Kircher (The Hobbit) Walter Koenig (Star Trek) Doug Jones (Pan's Labyrinth, Hellboy) Barry Corbin (No Country for Old Men) Christopher Masterson (Malcolm in the Middle, My Best Friend's Wedding) Torri Higginson (English Patient, Stargate) James Kyson (Heroes) Tracey Birdsall (Rogue Warrior) Adrienne Wilkinson (Xena) Ellen Dubin (The Lexx) Christopher Judge (Stargate) Minai Noji (Memories", "title": "Neil Johnson (director)" }, { "id": "218768", "text": "include \"Mystic Pizza\" (1988), \"Steel Magnolias\" (1989), \"Pretty Woman\" (1990), \"Sleeping with the Enemy\" (1991), \"The Pelican Brief\" (1993), \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1997), \"Notting Hill\" (1999), \"Runaway Bride\" (1999), \"Ocean's Eleven\" (2001), \"Ocean's Twelve\" (2004), \"Charlie Wilson's War\" (2007), \"Valentine's Day\" (2010), \"Eat Pray Love\" (2010), \"Money Monster\" (2016), and \"Wonder\" (2017). Roberts was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her performance in the HBO television film \"The Normal Heart\" (2014). In 2018, she starred in the Amazon psychological thriller series \"Homecoming\". Roberts was the highest-paid actress in", "title": "Julia Roberts" }, { "id": "2746594", "text": "Rachel Griffiths Rachel Anne Griffiths (born December 18, 1968) is an Australian actress and director. Raised primarily in Melbourne, she began her acting career appearing on the Australian series \"Secrets\" before being cast in a supporting role in the comedy \"Muriel's Wedding\" (1994), which earned her an AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. She would garner further international recognition for her role opposite Julia Roberts in the American romantic comedy \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1997), followed by her role as Hilary du Pré in the biopic \"Hilary and Jackie\" (1998), for which she was nominated for an", "title": "Rachel Griffiths" }, { "id": "7998086", "text": "Fab Filippo Fabrizio \"Fab\" Filippo (born November 30, 1973) is a Canadian actor. Filippo was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His parents are first generation Italian immigrants (his mother is from Campora San Giovanni in Calabria). He briefly attended York University's Film & Video Programme in 1993. In 2006, Filippo married magazine editor Robin Payne, and together they have a son. His best-known roles include Scott Hope in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", violinist Ethan Gold in \"Queer as Folk\", Dom Ramone in \"Ready or Not\" and lawyer Sam Caponelli in \"Billable Hours\", as well as the films \"waydowntown\", \"The Life", "title": "Fab Filippo" }, { "id": "3893891", "text": "Marsden married Mary Elizabeth \"Lisa\" Linde, daughter of Dennis Linde, on July 22, 2000. The couple had two children: a son, born in 2001 and daughter, born in 2005. Linde filed for divorce on September 23, 2011. He also has a son born in 2012, with former girlfriend, Brazilian model Rose Costa. Notes: James Marsden James Paul Marsden (born September 18, 1973) is an American actor, singer and former Versace model. Marsden began his acting career guest-starring in television shows \"\", \"Touched by an Angel,\" and \"Party of Five\". He gained prominence with his portrayal of Scott Summers/Cyclops in the", "title": "James Marsden" }, { "id": "1962418", "text": "to get him back. She also engages in petty sabotage—for example, taking Kimmy and Michael to a karaoke bar after discovering that Kimmy is a terrible singer. When these tactics fail, Julianne enlists the aid of her friend, George (Rupert Everett) to help her break Michael and Kimmy up. George flies to Chicago to meet Julianne and persuades her to do the obvious: tell Michael that she is in love with him. While at a tailor shop, George convinces Julianne to tell Michael her true feelings before it’s too late. While she finally has the chance to tell him, she", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding" }, { "id": "4195518", "text": "families (The Ramsays and the Robinsons had been feuding for years), the two are married in 1987. The wedding (episode 523) was first broadcast in Australia on 1 July 1987, and in the UK on 8 November 1988, with the UK broadcast being watched by 20 million viewers. The ballad \"Suddenly\" by Angry Anderson, which is played over the ceremony, was actually chosen by Minogue as the song to be played at 'her' own wedding. The couple were hugely popular with \"Neighbours\" fans in both the United Kingdom and Australia, helping the show to gain high ratings after an initial", "title": "Scott Robinson and Charlene Mitchell" }, { "id": "3592656", "text": "departed the show on 7 April 2017. He filmed his final scenes in late 2016. Gamblin joined the 2017 Australian touring production of \"The Bodyguard\" musical as Frank Farmer, alongside Paulini. The production opened on 21 April at the Sydney Lyric. Gamblin is married to dancer Linda Ridgway and they have two sons. Kip Gamblin Kip Gamblin (born 5 July 1975) is an Australian ballet dancer and actor. From 2003 until 2005, Gamblin played Scott Hunter in \"Home and Away\". The part earned him the 2004 Logie Award for Most Popular New Male Talent. After moving to the UK, Gamblin", "title": "Kip Gamblin" }, { "id": "1645157", "text": "a worldwide gross of US$363,889,678. It totalled US$27.7 million over its opening weekend, an American record, the biggest opening for a romantic comedy film, beating \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (which also starred Julia Roberts). \"Notting Hill\" made another US$15 million the following week. One month after its release, \"Notting Hill\" lost its record for highest-grossing opening weekend for a romantic comedy film to \"Runaway Bride\" (again starring Roberts). It was the sixteenth highest-grossing film of 1999, and in February 2014 was the 215th highest-grossing film of all time. In 1999, it became the then highest-grossing British film. It opened the", "title": "Notting Hill (film)" }, { "id": "2432202", "text": "1997 American debut \"My Best Friend's Wedding\", which also starred Cameron Diaz and Dermot Mulroney. Hogan followed this with the comedy \"Unconditional Love\" (which was filmed in 1999 but not released until 2003), and 2003's big budget adaptation of \"Peter Pan\", starring Jason Isaacs as Captain Hook, Jeremy Sumpter as Peter Pan and Rachel Hurd-Wood as Wendy. The following year he directed a pilot for a remake of the cult soap opera \"Dark Shadows\", which was not picked up for broadcast, and created the story for the 2008 musical film \"The American Mall\". He then directed \"Confessions of a Shopaholic\"", "title": "P. J. Hogan" }, { "id": "5460117", "text": "Allen Covert Allen Stephen Covert (born October 13, 1964) is an American comedian, actor, writer, and producer. Best known for his starring role in the 2006 comedy film \"Grandma's Boy\", he was a frequent collaborator with actor and friend Adam Sandler with prominent roles in such films as \"Happy Gilmore\" (1996), \"The Wedding Singer\" (1998), \"Big Daddy\" (1999), \"Little Nicky\" (2000), \"Mr. Deeds\" (2002), \"Anger Management\" (2003), \"50 First Dates\" (2004), and \"Strange Wilderness\" (2008). Covert was born in West Palm Beach, Florida, the son of Elizabeth Ann (née Duhy) and Stephen Covert. He studied theater at New York University,", "title": "Allen Covert" }, { "id": "7665217", "text": "of the Dove\"<br> 3. Judi Dench – \"Mrs. Brown\" 1. Burt Reynolds – \"Boogie Nights\"<br> 2. Kevin Spacey – \"L.A. Confidential\"<br> 3. Rupert Everett – \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" 1. Julianne Moore – \"Boogie Nights\"<br> 2. Sarah Polley – \"The Sweet Hereafter\"<br> 3. Nathalie Richard – \"Irma Vep\" 1. Curtis Hanson and Brian Helgeland – \"L.A. Confidential\"<br> 2. Atom Egoyan – \"The Sweet Hereafter\"<br> 3. Kevin Smith – \"Chasing Amy\" 1. Roger Deakins – \"Kundun\"<br> 2. Dante Spinotti – \"L.A. Confidential\"<br> 3. Christopher Doyle – \"Happy Together\" 1. La Promesse<br> 2. \"Underground\"<br> 3. \"Gabbeh\" 1. Fast, Cheap & Out of", "title": "1997 National Society of Film Critics Awards" }, { "id": "5263489", "text": "one quarter Sicilian descent, on his mother's side. He has two older siblings, Shannon and David. He graduated from Harbor High School and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Los Angeles, California. Scott has appeared in several feature films, including \"\" (1996), \"\" (1996), \"The Lesser Evil\" (1998), \"High Crimes\" (2002), \"The Aviator\" (2004), \"Torque\" (2004), \"Monster-in-Law\" (2005), \"Who Loves the Sun\" (2006), \"Knocked Up\" (2007), \"Step Brothers\" (2008), \"August\" (2008), \"Piranha 3D\" (2010), and \"Leap Year\" (2010). Scott's name appears next to Jon Hamm's name in the film \"\" in one of the broadcast's credits. In an appearance", "title": "Adam Scott (actor)" }, { "id": "1948517", "text": "\"The Bread, My Sweet\" (retitled \"A Wedding for Bella\") was a romance film directed by Melissa Martin and produced by Adrienne Wehr. Baio portrayed Dominic Pyzola, a corporate raider during the day, and a pastry chef at night. He earned three Best Lead Actor prizes in the Atlantic City Film Festival, the Kansas City Halfway to Hollywood Film Festival and the San Diego Film Festival. The movie itself collected top accolades from the Santa Monica, Stony Brook, Marco Island, Houston World Festival, and Iowa Hardacre Film Festival. 2004 saw Baio participate in the making of Bob Clark's final feature film,", "title": "Scott Baio" }, { "id": "18159202", "text": "Yoon Da-hoon Yoon Da-hoon (born Nam Kwang-woo on December 30, 1964) is a South Korean actor. He gained popularity with the sitcom \"Three Friends\" in 2000. Yoon has since starred in television dramas such as \"Guardian Angel\" (2001), \"Let's Get Married\" (2005), \"Don't Worry\" (2005), \"Hyena\" (2006), \"Please Come Back, Soon-ae\" (2006), and \"Three Men\" (2009), as well as the films \"Sky Doctor\" (1997), \"A Tearful Story\" (2000), and \"Family\" (2002). His daughter Nam Kyung-min is also an actress. Yoon and his costars from \"Three Friends\", Park Sang-myun and Jung Woong-in, released the Christmas album \"Three Friends: Carol [bird]\" in", "title": "Yoon Da-hoon" }, { "id": "2129106", "text": "comics character Dylan Dog, created by Tiziano Sclavi in 1986, is graphically inspired by him. Everett, in turn, appeared in an adaptation based on Sclavi's novel, \"Dellamorte Dellamore\" (1994). In 1995 he released a second novel, \"The Hairdressers of St. Tropez\". His career was revitalised by his award-winning performance in \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1997), playing Julia Roberts's character's gay friend, followed by Madonna's character's best friend in \"The Next Best Thing\" (2000). (Everett was a backup vocalist on her cover of \"American Pie\", which is on the film's soundtrack). Around the same time, he starred as the villainous Sanford", "title": "Rupert Everett" }, { "id": "16547679", "text": "Colin Donnell Colin Donnell (born October 9, 1982) is an American actor best known for his performances as Billy Crocker in \"Anything Goes\", Tommy Merlyn in The CW television series \"Arrow\", Scotty Lockhart on the Showtime drama \"The Affair\" and as Dr. Connor Rhodes in the NBC medical drama \"Chicago Med\" (2015–present). Colin Donnell was born in St. Louis, Missouri, as the youngest of three boys. He has Irish and French ancestry. He played the guitar and took singing lessons when he was 17. His introduction to the stage was in high-school where he was a part of the choir", "title": "Colin Donnell" }, { "id": "20702652", "text": "Otto Bathurst Otto Benjamin Charles Bathurst (born June 1971) is a British television and film director. In 2014 he won a BAFTA for his work on BBC drama \"Peaky Blinders\". He was also previously BAFTA nominated for his work on BBC series \"Criminal Justice\" and \"Five Days\". In 2011, Bathurst directed \"The National Anthem\", the first episode of science fiction anthology series \"Black Mirror\". In 2018, he directed \"Robin Hood\", starring Jamie Dornan as Will Scarlett, Jamie Foxx as Little John, Tim Minchin as Friar Tuck, Eve Hewson as Maid Marian and Taron Egerton as the eponymous hero. The film", "title": "Otto Bathurst" }, { "id": "9220147", "text": "scenes and reception shots for the 1997 romantic comedy \"My Best Friend's Wedding\", starring Julia Roberts and Cameron Diaz, were filmed at Cuneo Museum. The museum was also the setting for \"Witless Protection\", starring Larry the Cable Guy, which appeared in 2008. Cuneo Museum The Cuneo Mansion and Gardens are a historic home, art collection and gardens in Vernon Hills, Illinois, built in 1914 and designed by architect Benjamin Marshall of Marshall & Fox. The mansion's first owner was Samuel Insull, an original founder of the General Electric Company. John Cuneo, Sr. purchased the mansion in 1937 after the collapse", "title": "Cuneo Museum" }, { "id": "11967035", "text": "clean slate. Scotty Wandell Scott \"Scotty\" Wandell is a fictional character on the ABC television series \"Brothers & Sisters\". He is portrayed by Luke Macfarlane. His relationship with Kevin Walker (Matthew Rhys) was included in \"TV Guide\"s list of \"The Best TV Couples of All Time\". Scotty Wandell is a gay man who grew up in Oxford, Mississippi until he moved to New York City and then later to California to start an independent life because his parents, Wally and Bertha Wandell, didn't accept his homosexuality when he came out. As stated in episode 2.16 \"Prior Commitments\", his parents never", "title": "Scotty Wandell" }, { "id": "11174395", "text": "the miniseries \"In Deep\" alongside Nick Berry and Stephen Tompkinson. He is now a screenwriter, as well as an actor. Pitts is currently appearing in \"Scott & Bailey\" on ITV1/ITV1HD as Adrian Scott (the husband of Lesley Sharp's character, DC Janet Scott). Pitts also had a small role in the 2012 film \"War Horse\". In 2012 Pitts starred in the third episode of \"Dirk Gently\" as Robbie Glover. In 2012 he also appeared as the Chief Superintendent in the \"Sherlock\" episode \"The Reichenbach Falls\". In 2013 he appeared as Sergeant Moss in the BBC drama series \"Peaky Blinders\". He also", "title": "Tony Pitts" }, { "id": "8894489", "text": "Box Office India, with around 11,00,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's twelfth highest-selling. Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai (English: \"It's My Friend's Wedding\") is a 2002 Indian Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Gadhvi and produced by Yash Chopra and Aditya Chopra under Yash Raj Films. The film starred Uday Chopra, Jimmy Sheirgill, Bipasha Basu and Tulip Joshi. The film was said to be partly inspired by \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" (1997). The director Gadhvi, however, claims that he mainly drew from earlier Hindi films and that \"My Best Friend's Wedding\" only", "title": "Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai" }, { "id": "5955774", "text": "Lesley Sharp Lesley Sharp (born 3 April 1960) is an English stage, film and television actress whose roles on British television include \"Clocking Off\" (2000–01), \"Bob & Rose\" (2001) and \"Afterlife\" (2005–06). She was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for the 1997 film \"The Full Monty\". Her other film appearances include \"Rita, Sue and Bob Too\" (1986), \"Naked\" (1993), \"Priest\" (1994), \"From Hell\" (2001) and \"Vera Drake\" (2004). Between 2011 and 2016, she starred as Janet Scott in the ITV drama \"Scott & Bailey\". Sharp was born in Manchester, England with the name", "title": "Lesley Sharp" }, { "id": "6134673", "text": "Kentuckian\" (1955), \"A Place in the Sun\" (1951), \"Father of the Bride\" (1950), \"Double Indemnity\" (1944), \"The Mayor of 44th Street\" (1942), \"Lady Scarface\" (1941), \"The Day the Bookies Wept\" (1939) (uncredited). Although he appeared in numerous films, he was in real-life Ray Milland's stand-in. He was given small uncredited acting parts in Milland's films, which led to his being cast in several featured parts including \"The Big Clock\" (1948), The Monitor in \"This Island Earth\" (1955) and as Scotty the reporter in \"The Thing from Another World\" (1951). Spencer died from complications of diabetes on 6 October 1960, Los", "title": "Douglas Spencer" }, { "id": "11967010", "text": "Scotty Wandell Scott \"Scotty\" Wandell is a fictional character on the ABC television series \"Brothers & Sisters\". He is portrayed by Luke Macfarlane. His relationship with Kevin Walker (Matthew Rhys) was included in \"TV Guide\"s list of \"The Best TV Couples of All Time\". Scotty Wandell is a gay man who grew up in Oxford, Mississippi until he moved to New York City and then later to California to start an independent life because his parents, Wally and Bertha Wandell, didn't accept his homosexuality when he came out. As stated in episode 2.16 \"Prior Commitments\", his parents never used the", "title": "Scotty Wandell" }, { "id": "848397", "text": "Ben Stiller Show\". He played Damon Warwick, father of James Warwick, on the daytime soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". After learning about cold fusion from technical journals in 1989, he narrated the video \"Cold Fusion: Fire from Water\", about the physics behind cold fusion. When the \"Star Trek\" franchise was revived, Doohan reprised his role of Scotty in seven \"Star Trek\" films and made a guest appearance on \"\"s 130th episode, \"\". Many of Doohan's film appearances centered on the role of Scotty, such as a cameo in \"National Lampoon's Loaded Weapon 1\", where he plays a policeman", "title": "James Doohan" }, { "id": "4318523", "text": "Farm Sanctuary stating, \"These people are idiots. Understand my position: I have nothing to do with a group like that. I think they're pathetic. … [S]ome of their tactics are crude and uncivilized even.\" Trotter made a cameo appearance in the 1997 film \"My Best Friend's Wedding\", screaming at an assistant, \"I will kill your whole family if you don't get this right! I need this perfect!\" a parody of a stereotypical screaming angry chef. Trotter was the subject of a number of lawsuits. In 2003 he was the subject of two class action lawsuits pertaining to the compensation of", "title": "Charlie Trotter" }, { "id": "3706085", "text": "Rick Hearst Rick Hearst (born January 4, 1965) is an American actor. He is known for roles in American soap operas. Hearst was born Richard Charles Herbst on January 4, 1965, in Howard Beach, New York and raised in Dallas, Texas. Hearst has been married to wife Donna Smoot since June 9, 1990; they have two sons. His first film was titled \"Brain Damage\" directed by Frank Henenlotter. He has appeared in \"Days of Our Lives\" (1989–1990) as Scott \"Scotty\" Banning II, \"Guiding Light\" (1990–1996) as Alan-Michael Spaulding, \"The Young and the Restless\" (2000–2001) as the sinister Matt Clark, and", "title": "Rick Hearst" }, { "id": "20358008", "text": "one secrecy-ridden and dedicated to the preservation of illusion, the other wide open and blasé about personal predilections.\" Scotty and the Secret History of Hollywood Scotty and the Secret History of Hollywood is a 2017 American documentary film about the life of Scotty Bowers, who acted as a pimp in Hollywood from the 1940s to 80s. It was produced and directed by Matt Tyrnauer, a Special Correspondent for \"Vanity Fair\" magazine. The film premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival and is scheduled for theatrical release on July 27, 2018. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds", "title": "Scotty and the Secret History of Hollywood" }, { "id": "20702654", "text": "television. Otto Bathurst Otto Benjamin Charles Bathurst (born June 1971) is a British television and film director. In 2014 he won a BAFTA for his work on BBC drama \"Peaky Blinders\". He was also previously BAFTA nominated for his work on BBC series \"Criminal Justice\" and \"Five Days\". In 2011, Bathurst directed \"The National Anthem\", the first episode of science fiction anthology series \"Black Mirror\". In 2018, he directed \"Robin Hood\", starring Jamie Dornan as Will Scarlett, Jamie Foxx as Little John, Tim Minchin as Friar Tuck, Eve Hewson as Maid Marian and Taron Egerton as the eponymous hero. The", "title": "Otto Bathurst" }, { "id": "3381244", "text": "Charles Burnett (director) Charles Burnett (; born April 13, 1944) is an American film director, film producer, writer, editor, actor, photographer, and cinematographer. His most popular films include \"Killer of Sheep\" (1978), \"My Brother's Wedding\" (1983), \"To Sleep with Anger\" (1990), \"The Glass Shield\" (1994), and \"\" (2007). He has been involved in other types of motion pictures including shorts, documentaries, and a TV series. Considered by the \"Chicago Tribune\" as \"one of America's very best filmmakers\" and by \"The New York Times\" as \"the nation's least-known great filmmaker and most gifted black director\", Charles Burnett has had a long", "title": "Charles Burnett (director)" }, { "id": "19604013", "text": "dining with James and an argument ensues. Rather than attempt to save his relationship, John Paul follows James home for an argument which leads to the pair sleeping together. Sutton told Duncan Lindsay from \"Metro\" that John Paul wants to be around James because of the danger and excitement. He likened Scott to a \"lost puppy\" who is always following John Paul around. For his portrayal of Scott, Adams was nominated for \"Best Comedy Performance\" at The British Soap Awards 2016. In August 2017, Scott's suicide attempt was longlisted for Best Show-Stopper at the Inside Soap Awards. The nomination did", "title": "Scott Drinkwell" }, { "id": "17632870", "text": "as a Transport Officer. In 2012, it was announced that Doohan would play Scotty in \"Star Trek Continues\", a web-based film series. The first episode \"Pilgrim of Eternity\" premiered at the Phoenix Comicon to a crowd of over 3,500 fans. With most of the cast in attendance, they signed posters in the lobby for almost three hours. The second episode, \"Lolani\", premiered in March 2014 at the Dallas, Texas Comic Con. The episode also stars Lou Ferrigno and Erin Gray. He also appears as Scotty in \"Star Trek Online\", with a major appearance in the \"Agents of Yesterday\" expansion pack", "title": "Chris Doohan" }, { "id": "5460121", "text": "also a cofounder of Cherry Tree Books, a publisher of eBooks for children. As actor As writer As producer Allen Covert Allen Stephen Covert (born October 13, 1964) is an American comedian, actor, writer, and producer. Best known for his starring role in the 2006 comedy film \"Grandma's Boy\", he was a frequent collaborator with actor and friend Adam Sandler with prominent roles in such films as \"Happy Gilmore\" (1996), \"The Wedding Singer\" (1998), \"Big Daddy\" (1999), \"Little Nicky\" (2000), \"Mr. Deeds\" (2002), \"Anger Management\" (2003), \"50 First Dates\" (2004), and \"Strange Wilderness\" (2008). Covert was born in West Palm", "title": "Allen Covert" }, { "id": "14189599", "text": "on the soundtrack to the 2004 film \"EuroTrip\". The band also appears briefly in the film, with Matt Damon acting (and lip-synching) as their lead vocalist. The film was not a box office success but sold well on DVD, raising the band's profile long after its theatrical run. \"Scotty Doesn't Know\" was included on Lustra's 2006 full-length, \"Left for Dead\", and became a hit single that year almost entirely as a result of download sales, eventually peaking at No. 75 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, No. 39 on the Digital Songs chart, and No. 53 on the Pop 100 in", "title": "Lustra (band)" }, { "id": "3572937", "text": "Shane Rimmer Shane Rimmer (born 28 May 1929) is a Canadian actor, voice actor and screenwriter, known for providing the voice of Scott Tracy in the British television series \"Thunderbirds\" (1965–1966). Rimmer has appeared mainly in supporting roles, especially in films and television series produced in the United Kingdom. He emigrated to England in the late 1950s, initially performing as a cabaret singer and then auditioning for \"Thunderbirds\". His appearances include roles in films such as \"\" (1964), \"Rollerball\" (1975), \"The Spy Who Loved Me\" (1977), \"Gandhi\" (1982), \"Out of Africa\" (1985) and \"Crusoe\" (1989). More recently, he has appeared", "title": "Shane Rimmer" }, { "id": "18159203", "text": "2000. Yoon Da-hoon Yoon Da-hoon (born Nam Kwang-woo on December 30, 1964) is a South Korean actor. He gained popularity with the sitcom \"Three Friends\" in 2000. Yoon has since starred in television dramas such as \"Guardian Angel\" (2001), \"Let's Get Married\" (2005), \"Don't Worry\" (2005), \"Hyena\" (2006), \"Please Come Back, Soon-ae\" (2006), and \"Three Men\" (2009), as well as the films \"Sky Doctor\" (1997), \"A Tearful Story\" (2000), and \"Family\" (2002). His daughter Nam Kyung-min is also an actress. Yoon and his costars from \"Three Friends\", Park Sang-myun and Jung Woong-in, released the Christmas album \"Three Friends: Carol [bird]\"", "title": "Yoon Da-hoon" }, { "id": "14632192", "text": "Matt Tyrnauer Matt Tyrnauer is an American film director and a special correspondent for \"Vanity Fair\". He directed the documentary feature \"\" (2009), which was short listed for an Oscar Nomination in 2010, \"Citizen Jane: Battle for the City\" (2016), \"Scotty and the Secret History of Hollywood\" (2017), and the 2018 documentary \"Studio 54\" detailing New York's famed Studio 54 nightclub. Tyrnauer was educated at the Crossroads School for Arts and Sciences, a college preparatory school in the city of Santa Monica in Los Angeles County in California, followed by the Wesleyan University, a private liberal arts college in the", "title": "Matt Tyrnauer" }, { "id": "6657854", "text": "2004: Jamie Foxx – \"Ray\" as Ray Charles † 2005: Philip Seymour Hoffman – \"Capote\" as Truman Capote † 2006: Forest Whitaker – \"The Last King of Scotland\" as Idi Amin † 2007: Daniel Day-Lewis – \"There Will Be Blood\" as Daniel Plainview † 2008: Sean Penn – \"Milk\" as Harvey Milk † 2009: Jeff Bridges – \"Crazy Heart\" as Otis \"Bad\" Blake † 2010: Colin Firth – \"The King's Speech\" as King George VI † 2011: George Clooney – \"The Descendants\" as Matt King ‡ 2012: Daniel Day-Lewis – \"Lincoln\" as Abraham Lincoln † 2013: Matthew McConaughey – \"Dallas", "title": "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor" }, { "id": "2498068", "text": "Scotty (Star Trek) Montgomery \"Scotty\" Scott is a fictional character in the science fiction franchise \"Star Trek\". First portrayed by James Doohan in the , Scotty also appears in the , seven \"Star Trek\" movies, the \"\" episode \"\", and in numerous books, comics, and video games. Simon Pegg has assumed the character and appeared in the \"Star Trek\" reboot (2009) and its sequels, \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" (2013) and \"Star Trek Beyond\" (2016). Chris Doohan, son of James Doohan, has taken on the role of Scotty in the popular web series, \"Star Trek Continues\". Chris has also had roles", "title": "Scotty (Star Trek)" }, { "id": "4418266", "text": "in \"A Girl in a Car with a Man\" at the Royal Court Theatre, along with his role in \"Cock\", also at the Royal Court. He has also won two IFTA awards for his roles in the films \"Dead Bodies\" and \"The Stag\", a British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"Sherlock\", a BIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"Pride\", and two BBC Audio Drama Awards for his radio work. Scott was born in Dublin, Ireland. His father, Jim, worked in an employment agency, and his mother, Nora, was an art", "title": "Andrew Scott (actor)" }, { "id": "11605616", "text": "in the 1950s. He married Deborah and had two children; the former \"The Young and the Restless\" actress Ashley Nicole Millan and Brandon Millan. All are for the Academy Award for Best Sound (sometimes called Sound Mixing). All are for the BAFTA for Best Sound. All are for the C.A.S. Award for Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Feature Film. All are for the Satellite Award for Best Sound. Scott Millan Scott Alexander Millan (born 1954) is an American sound re-recording mixer, a member of the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and", "title": "Scott Millan" }, { "id": "4421493", "text": "Wedding Crashers Wedding Crashers is a 2005 American comedy film directed by David Dobkin and written by Steve Faber and Bob Fisher. Starring an ensemble cast led by Owen Wilson, Vince Vaughn, and Christopher Walken, and featuring Rachel McAdams, Isla Fisher, Bradley Cooper, and Jane Seymour, the film has a cameo appearance by Will Ferrell. The film opened on July 15, 2005 through New Line Cinema to critical and massive commercial success, grossing $285 million worldwide on a $40 million budget, and is credited with helping to revive the popularity of adult-oriented, R-rated comedies. John Beckwith (Owen Wilson) and Jeremy", "title": "Wedding Crashers" }, { "id": "420043", "text": "film has a \"Rotten\" rating from critics, with 16% positive reviews and an average rating of 3.9/10. The consensus reads, \" Instead of being light and charming, this romantic comedy is heavy-handed and contrived in its execution. Also, it's too unoriginal.\" Metacritic gave the film an average score of 33 out of 100, based on 29 reviews from mainstream critics. \"Entertainment Weekly\"s Lisa Schwarzbaum critically compared the film to \"My Best Friend's Wedding\", writing that: \"Where Julia Roberts turned the world on with her huggability, Lopez's vibe is that of someone afraid to get mussed. And where Rupert Everett was", "title": "The Wedding Planner" }, { "id": "3590105", "text": "Seann William Scott Seann William Scott (born October 3, 1976) is an American actor, comedian, and producer. His most recognized roles are Steve Stifler in the \"American Pie\" film series (1999–2012) and Doug Glatt in both \"Goon\" (2011) and \"\" (2017). He has also starred in films including \"Final Destination\" (2000), \"Road Trip\" (2000), \"Dude, Where's My Car?\" (2000), \"Evolution\" (2001), \"The Rundown\" (2003), \"The Dukes of Hazzard\" (2005), \"Role Models\" (2008), and \"Cop Out\" (2010). He voiced Crash the opossum in four theatrical films and two television specials within the \"Ice Age\" series (2006–2016). Scott was born in Cottage", "title": "Seann William Scott" }, { "id": "4476687", "text": "International Film Festival to rave reviews and won the Leo Awards for Best Short Film and Lead Actor for McGillion. McGillion expressed great interest in auditioning for the role of Montgomery Scott in the 2009 eleventh \"Star Trek\" film. “I grew up watching \"Star Trek\" and Scotty was my favourite character. It would be a great honour to follow in James Doohan’s footsteps,\" McGillion said. He had the endorsement of Chris Doohan, the son of original Scotty actor James Doohan, to play the role of Scotty in the film. Though the part ultimately went to Simon Pegg, McGillion still appeared", "title": "Paul McGillion" }, { "id": "1962425", "text": "that she kissed Michael unexpectedly, but he didn't kiss her back because he was in love with Kimmy. Julianne declares that Kimmy has won, and that she accepts Michael's decision. Kimmy and Julianne reconcile with each other while the witnesses applaud. After the wedding, at the reception, Julianne gives a speech as Michael's “best woman” and tells him that he and Kimmy can use their special song until they find one of their own, essentially acting like a true best friend. Julianne wishes them well, and she and Michael share their goodbyes, both of them finally moving on with their", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding" }, { "id": "9196155", "text": "on his own. Scotty eventually left the show (went away to law school) for a time. When he returned, he obtained a job at the hospital, where he met the young Laura Webber. They fell in love and, after many obstacles (including the manipulations of Scotty's on-again/off-again lover and Laura's nemesis Bobbie Spencer), they finally married, but their happiness was short-lived. Laura went to work at the Campus Disco for Bobbie's shady brother Luke, who became obsessed with her and eventually raped her. In spite of this, Laura fell in love with Luke and ran off with him, later divorcing", "title": "Scott Baldwin" }, { "id": "2767401", "text": "also became a Brother of the Alpha Epsilon Pi Fraternity. His cousin is Josh Wolf. Wolf was engaged to Alyssa Milano in 1993, but they separated after a year and a half. In 2002, he began dating Kelley Marie Limp, an alumna of MTV's \"\", after meeting her through mutual friend Joel Goldman in New York City. They married on May 29, 2004, before temporarily living in Santa Monica, California. They have three children, Jackson Kayse (born 2009), Miller William (born 2012) and Lucy Marie (born 2014), and the family resides in Park City, Utah. Wolf is known for his", "title": "Scott Wolf" }, { "id": "3182123", "text": "John Corbett John Joseph Corbett (born May 9, 1961) is an American actor and country music singer. He is known for his roles as Chris Stevens on CBS' \"Northern Exposure\" and as Aidan Shaw on HBO's \"Sex and the City\". He reprised the latter role for the film sequel \"Sex and the City 2\" (2010). Corbett also portrayed the male lead, Ian Miller, in the romantic comedy film \"My Big Fat Greek Wedding\" (2002) and its 2016 sequel. Corbett starred as Max Gregson on Showtime's \"United States of Tara\", recurred as Seth Holt on NBC's \"Parenthood\", and starred as Josiah", "title": "John Corbett" }, { "id": "7486939", "text": "Michael Stephenson (filmmaker) Michael Paul Stephenson (born February 28, 1978) is an American film director, producer, writer, and actor. He is best known for his starring role in \"Troll 2\" (1990) and for directing the ensuing documentary, \"Best Worst Movie\" (2009). His second documentary, \"The American Scream\" (2012), premiered on NBCUniversal's Chiller network and was named a \"Must Watch\" by \"Entertainment Weekly\". His latest film and narrative directorial debut, \"Girlfriend's Day\" (2017), is a Netflix original film. Premiering on Valentine's Day 2017, the comedy stars Bob Odenkirk, Amber Tamblyn, Natasha Lyonne and Stacy Keach. He is perhaps best known for", "title": "Michael Stephenson (filmmaker)" }, { "id": "12971736", "text": "Scott Christopher Scott Christopher (born January 13, 1967) is an American film and television actor known for his roles in \"The Best Two Years\" and \"Granite Flats\". Christopher was born in Ferndale, Michigan, on January 13, 1967. He moved with his family to Utah when he was eleven years old. He studied at Brigham Young University, winning the Irene Ryan Award at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C., an award annually presented to the nation’s top collegiate actor. Christopher played \"The Movie Guy\", the irreverent late-night host of a long-running TV program on KJZZ TV, Salt Lake City. He was", "title": "Scott Christopher" }, { "id": "5527387", "text": "29, 2017, Baird announced that she and Viola are engaged. Diora Baird Diora Lynn Baird (born April 6, 1983) is an American actress and former model for Guess? who has appeared in films such as \"Wedding Crashers\" (2005), \"Accepted\" (2006), \"\" (2006), \"Young People Fucking\" (2007), \"My Best Friend's Girl\" (2008), \"Stan Helsing\" (2009), and \"Transit\" (2012). Baird was born in Miami, Florida. Her mother was also a model. She got into acting when her mother enrolled her in an acting class to help her overcome introversion. Later, she became vice president of her school's Thespian Society. At the age", "title": "Diora Baird" }, { "id": "848382", "text": "James Doohan James Montgomery Doohan, LVO ( ; March 3, 1920 – July 20, 2005) was a Canadian actor and voice actor best known for his role as Montgomery \"Scotty\" Scott in the television and film series \"Star Trek\". Doohan's characterization of the Scottish Chief Engineer of the Starship \"Enterprise\" was one of the most recognizable elements in the \"Star Trek\" franchise, and inspired many fans to pursue careers in engineering and other technical fields. He also made contributions behind the scenes, such as the initial development of the Klingon and Vulcan languages. Prior to \"Star Trek\", Doohan served in", "title": "James Doohan" }, { "id": "19479040", "text": "\"Standing Up\" with Val Kilmer, J. Thomas Gaines in the chess drama \"Life of a King,\" and Bill Bradley in \"'Love is All You Need?\" directed by K. Rocco Shields. The film also stars Tyler Blackburn, Emily Osment, Briana Evigan, and Jeremy Sisto. In 2018, Griffin starred in the CW Seed reboot of the Warner Bros film \"Beerfest. Beerfest: Thirst for Victory\" is inspired by the 2006 Broken Lizard/Warner Bros cult classic film; it the first original film from the network. Griffin portrays the character Scott. In 2016, Griffin joined several other Hollywood actors on the campaign trail as a", "title": "Blake Cooper Griffin" }, { "id": "6936850", "text": "United States. The film ranked #45 on \"Entertainment Weekly\"s list of the 50 Best High School Movies. The film received generally positive reviews, garnering an 86% \"fresh\" rating and the consensus \"T. Bill debuts as an affectionate director, keenly aware of growing pains\", on review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes. My Bodyguard My Bodyguard is a 1980 American comedy-drama film directed by Tony Bill (his directorial debut), and written by Alan Ormsby. The film stars Chris Makepeace, Adam Baldwin, Matt Dillon, Martin Mull, and Ruth Gordon. The film was the debut of both Baldwin and an uncredited Jennifer Beals, and was", "title": "My Bodyguard" }, { "id": "13026495", "text": "by Laura Bush as one of the RFB&D (Recording for the Blind and Dyslexic) scholarship winners in 2006. He obtained his master's degree at Royal Holloway, University of London and the Royal College of Music, where he studied on a Marshall Scholarship, one of the most competitive scholarships in the United States, awarded to only 40 American students each year. After his successful run on \"American Idol,\" he began dating childhood friend Christina Teich at the end of 2009. In February 2011, the two announced their engagement in People magazine and were married on August 18, 2011 in Scottsdale, Arizona.", "title": "Scott MacIntyre" }, { "id": "10233947", "text": "Chase Alexander. In 2009 he played Quinn's husband David Fletcher on the seventh season of \"One Tree Hill\", and in 2010, villain spy Justin Sullivan on the third season of \"Chuck\". Holroyd began dating his childhood friend, actress Allison Munn, in 2004. They became engaged in December 2006 in Paris and married on November 17, 2007 at the French Huguenot Church in Charleston, South Carolina. They reside in Los Angeles with their pet terrier, Buster Keaton. In November 2011, Munn and Holroyd had a son. Scott Holroyd Scott Powell Holroyd (born June 5, 1975) is an American actor. Holroyd was", "title": "Scott Holroyd" }, { "id": "5527381", "text": "Diora Baird Diora Lynn Baird (born April 6, 1983) is an American actress and former model for Guess? who has appeared in films such as \"Wedding Crashers\" (2005), \"Accepted\" (2006), \"\" (2006), \"Young People Fucking\" (2007), \"My Best Friend's Girl\" (2008), \"Stan Helsing\" (2009), and \"Transit\" (2012). Baird was born in Miami, Florida. Her mother was also a model. She got into acting when her mother enrolled her in an acting class to help her overcome introversion. Later, she became vice president of her school's Thespian Society. At the age of 17, she moved to Los Angeles in hope of", "title": "Diora Baird" }, { "id": "6734966", "text": "The song was featured in the 1998 film \"The Wedding Singer\" (in which Idol appears), on the American TV series \"My Name Is Earl\" and on the British TV series \"Blackpool\". It was also featured in the 1993 film \"True Romance\" during the scene where Alabama is being tattooed. It was also featured in the skate videos \"CKY\" and Toy Machine's Jump Off A Building. The line, \"It's a nice day to start again\", was featured on the sticker on the front of Idol's 2005 album, \"Devil's Playground\". The song was remixed as (Trashcan Jack vs Billy Idol) \"Club Wedding\"", "title": "White Wedding (song)" }, { "id": "1962419", "text": "gets nervous and quickly tells him that she is engaged to George to get him jealous. Speechless, Michael is shocked about seeing Julianne with someone other than him. Since Julianne didn’t tell the truth, George tries to get back at her by embarrassing her. On the taxi ride to the church, he snuggles up to Julianne to make her uncomfortable in front of Michael. At dinner he also decides to embarrass Julianne by telling everyone an exaggerated story of how they hypothetically became a couple, and sings “I Say a Little Prayer” as the whole restaurant joins in. After George", "title": "My Best Friend's Wedding" }, { "id": "10311731", "text": "intimate. Their second attempt at marriage ended in divorce soon afterwards due to her pre-occupation with Luke's ongoing problems. On July 13, 2017, Lucy comes to Scott to report Lee's passing (actor Peter Hansen died on April 9). Lee Baldwin Lee Baldwin is a fictional character on the daytime dramas \"General Hospital\" and \"Port Charles\". Ross Elliott originated the role on \"General Hospital\" in 1963. Peter Hansen inherited the role in 1965 and played it until 1986 and again from 1989 to 1990 before returning permanently from 1992 to 2004. Lee Baldwin is the adoptive father of Scott Baldwin. A", "title": "Lee Baldwin" }, { "id": "2498079", "text": "song \"Beaming\". Scotty (Star Trek) Montgomery \"Scotty\" Scott is a fictional character in the science fiction franchise \"Star Trek\". First portrayed by James Doohan in the , Scotty also appears in the , seven \"Star Trek\" movies, the \"\" episode \"\", and in numerous books, comics, and video games. Simon Pegg has assumed the character and appeared in the \"Star Trek\" reboot (2009) and its sequels, \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" (2013) and \"Star Trek Beyond\" (2016). Chris Doohan, son of James Doohan, has taken on the role of Scotty in the popular web series, \"Star Trek Continues\". Chris has also", "title": "Scotty (Star Trek)" }, { "id": "11778692", "text": "I Love You, Man I Love You, Man (originally titled Let's Be Friends) is a 2009 American comedy film directed by John Hamburg and written by Hamburg, based on a script previously by Larry Levin. The film stars Paul Rudd as a friendless man looking for a best man for his upcoming wedding. However, his new friend (Jason Segel) is straining his relationship with his bride. The film was released theatrically in North America on March 20, 2009, to mostly positive reviews. It opened second at the box office next to \"Knowing\", and was a modest hit, grossing $91 million", "title": "I Love You, Man" }, { "id": "15392255", "text": "was nominated and won the first of his awards at the 2nd Annual American Country Awards on December 5, 2011. He performed his second single at the award show and won in the New Artist category. He also won the Best New Artist award at the ACM Awards on April 1, 2012. He received the Breakthrough Video of the Year Award at the ACM Awards on June 6, 2012. In 2012, he opened for Brad Paisley along with The Band Perry. The tour kicked off on January 12 with tour dates announced for the first quarter of 2012. \"Christmas with", "title": "Scotty McCreery" } ]

[ "Heinrich Rudolf Hertz" ]

[ { "id": "271287", "text": "research by exposing herself, animals and humans to microwave levels that made them feel warm or even start to sweat and feel quite uncomfortable. She found no adverse health effects other than heat. Microwaves were first generated in the 1880s and 1890s in some of the earliest radio experiments by physicists who thought of them as a form of \"invisible light\". James Clerk Maxwell in his 1873 theory of electromagnetism, now called Maxwell's equations, had predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves and proposed that light was composed of these waves. In 1888, German physicist Heinrich Hertz was the first to", "title": "Microwave" }, { "id": "751415", "text": "Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael Faraday, published in 1831. It was discovered independently by Joseph Henry in 1832. In Faraday's first experimental demonstration (August 29, 1831), he wrapped two wires around opposite sides of an iron ring or \"torus\" (an arrangement similar to a modern toroidal transformer). Based on his understanding of electromagnets, he expected that, when current started to flow in one wire, a sort of wave would travel through the ring and cause some electrical effect on the opposite side. He plugged one wire into a galvanometer, and watched it as he connected the other wire to", "title": "Electromagnetic induction" }, { "id": "2844814", "text": "Natural and Experimental Philosophy in 1881. Along with Oliver Lodge, Oliver Heaviside and Heinrich Hertz, FitzGerald was a leading figure among the group of \"Maxwellians\" who revised, extended, clarified, and confirmed James Clerk Maxwell's mathematical theories of the electromagnetic field during the late 1870s and the 1880s. In 1883, following from Maxwell's equations, FitzGerald was the first to suggest a device for producing rapidly oscillating electric currents to generate electromagnetic waves, a phenomenon which was first shown to exist experimentally by the German physicist Heinrich Hertz in 1888. In 1883, he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1899,", "title": "George Francis FitzGerald" }, { "id": "11471460", "text": "– this is called \"duplex\" operation. In 1864 James Clerk Maxwell showed mathematically that electromagnetic waves could propagate through free space. The effects of electromagnetic waves (then-unexplained \"action at a distance\" sparking behavior) were actually observed before and after Maxwell's work by many inventors and experimenters including George Adams (1780–1784), Luigi Galvani (1791), Peter Samuel Munk (1835), Joseph Henry (1842), Samuel Alfred Varley (1852), Edwin Houston, Elihu Thomson, Thomas Edison (1875) and David Edward Hughes (1878). Edison gave the effect the name \"etheric force\" and Hughes detected a spark impulse up to 500 yards (460 m) with a portable receiver,", "title": "Radio" }, { "id": "344463", "text": "could propagate through free space. It is likely that the first intentional transmission of a signal by means of electromagnetic waves was performed in an experiment by David Edward Hughes around 1880, although this was considered to be induction at the time. In 1888 Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was able to conclusively prove transmitted airborne electromagnetic waves in an experiment confirming Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. After the discovery of these \"Hertzian waves\" (it would take almost 20 years for the term \"radio\" to be universally adopted for this type of electromagnetic radiation) many scientists and inventors experimented with wireless transmission, some", "title": "History of radio" }, { "id": "20592921", "text": "of that prediction with Helmholtz student Heinrich Hertz's 1888 detection of electromagnetic radiation, was a major triumph for physical theory and raised the possibility that even more fundamental theories based on the field could soon be developed. Experimental confirmation of Maxwell's theory was provided by Hertz, who generated and detected electric waves in 1886 and verified their properties, at the same time foreshadowing their application in radio, television, and other devices. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered the photoelectric effect. Research on the electromagnetic waves began soon after, with many scientists and inventors conducting experiments on their properties. In the mid", "title": "19th century in science" }, { "id": "238082", "text": "From this, Maxwell concluded that light was a form of electromagnetic radiation: he first stated this result in 1862 in \"On Physical Lines of Force\". In 1873, he published \"A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism\", which contained a full mathematical description of the behaviour of electric and magnetic fields, still known as Maxwell's equations. Soon after, Heinrich Hertz confirmed Maxwell's theory experimentally by generating and detecting radio waves in the laboratory, and demonstrating that these waves behaved exactly like visible light, exhibiting properties such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. Maxwell's theory and Hertz's experiments led directly to the development", "title": "Light" }, { "id": "271289", "text": "26 cm brass rod dipole antenna with a spark gap between the ends suspended at the focal line of a parabolic antenna made of a curved zinc sheet, powered by high voltage pulses from an induction coil. His historic experiments demonstrated that radio waves like light exhibited refraction, diffraction, polarization, interference and standing waves, proving that radio waves and light waves were both forms of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves. In 1894, Oliver Lodge and Augusto Righi generated 1.5 and 12 GHz microwaves respectively with small metal ball spark resonators. The same year Indian physicist Jagadish Chandra Bose was the first person", "title": "Microwave" }, { "id": "11471461", "text": "but none could identify what caused the phenomenon and it was usually written off as electromagnetic induction. In 1886 Heinrich Rudolf Hertz noticed the same sparking phenomenon and, in published experiments (1887–1888), was able to demonstrate the existence of electromagnetic waves in an experiment confirming Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. The discovery of these \"Hertzian waves\" (radio waves) prompted many experiments by physicists. An August 1894 lecture by the British physicist Oliver Lodge, where he transmitted and received \"Hertzian waves\" at distances up to 50 meters, was followed up the same year with experiments by Bengali physicist Jagadish Chandra Bose in", "title": "Radio" }, { "id": "6965930", "text": "it was written off as electromagnetic induction at the time. The discovery of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in the 1880s came about after over a half century theoretical development on the connection between electricity and magnetism starting in the early 1800s and culminated in a theory of electromagnetism developed by James Clerk Maxwell by 1873, which Hertz finally proved. The development of radio waves into a communication medium did not follow immediately afterwards. After their discovery Hertz considered them of little practical value and other experimenters who explored the physical properties of the new phenomenon,", "title": "Invention of radio" }, { "id": "129718", "text": "lens made of tree resin. In a later experiment, Hertz similarly produced and measured the properties of microwaves. These new types of waves paved the way for inventions such as the wireless telegraph and the radio. In 1895 Wilhelm Röntgen noticed a new type of radiation emitted during an experiment with an evacuated tube subjected to a high voltage. He called these radiations x-rays and found that they were able to travel through parts of the human body but were reflected or stopped by denser matter such as bones. Before long, many uses were found for them in the field", "title": "Electromagnetic spectrum" }, { "id": "958489", "text": "light and similarities in electrical and magnetic observations. His mathematical theory, now called Maxwell's equations, described light waves and radio waves as waves of electromagnetism that travel in space, radiated by a charged particle as it undergoes acceleration. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated the reality of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves by experimentally generating radio waves in his laboratory, showing that they exhibited the same wave properties as light: standing waves, refraction, diffraction, and polarization. Radio waves, originally called \"Hertzian waves\", were first used for communication in the mid 1890s by Guglielmo Marconi, who developed the first practical radio transmitters and receivers.", "title": "Radio wave" }, { "id": "6967105", "text": "of electromagnetic waves (radio waves) leading many inventors and scientists to try to adapt them to commercial applications, such as Guglielmo Marconi (1895) and Alexander Popov (1896). John Fleming invented the first radio tube, the diode, in 1904. Reginald Fessenden recognized that a continuous wave needed to be generated to make speech transmission possible, and by the end of 1906 he sent the first radio broadcast of voice. Also in 1906, Robert von Lieben and Lee De Forest independently developed the amplifier tube, called the triode. Edwin Howard Armstrong enabling technology for electronic television, in 1931. In the early 1920s,", "title": "History of electrical engineering" }, { "id": "8268689", "text": "Marley (near Paris), using a vertical iron rod 40 feet long, obtained results corresponding to those recorded by Franklin and somewhat prior to the date of Franklin's experiment. Franklin's important demonstration of the sameness of frictional electricity and lightning doubtless added zest to the efforts of the many experimenters in this field in the last half of the 18th century, to advance the progress of the science. Franklin's observations aided later scientists such as Michael Faraday, Luigi Galvani, Alessandro Volta, André-Marie Ampère and Georg Simon Ohm, whose collective work provided the basis for modern electrical technology and for whom fundamental", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "129717", "text": "an ordinary electrical circuit of a certain type. Attempting to prove Maxwell's equations and detect such low frequency electromagnetic radiation, in 1886 the physicist Heinrich Hertz built an apparatus to generate and detect what are now called radio waves. Hertz found the waves and was able to infer (by measuring their wavelength and multiplying it by their frequency) that they traveled at the speed of light. Hertz also demonstrated that the new radiation could be both reflected and refracted by various dielectric media, in the same manner as light. For example, Hertz was able to focus the waves using a", "title": "Electromagnetic spectrum" }, { "id": "121422", "text": "waves, and produced and characterized what were later termed radio waves and microwaves. Wilhelm Röntgen discovered and named X-rays. After experimenting with high voltages applied to an evacuated tube on 8 November 1895, he noticed a fluorescence on a nearby plate of coated glass. In one month, he discovered X-rays' main properties. The last portion of the EM spectrum to be discovered was associated with radioactivity. Henri Becquerel found that uranium salts caused fogging of an unexposed photographic plate through a covering paper in a manner similar to X-rays, and Marie Curie discovered that only certain elements gave off these", "title": "Electromagnetic radiation" }, { "id": "1481851", "text": "increased the size of laboratories and scientific equipment, introducing particle accelerators and similar devices. The earliest laboratory according to the present evidence is a home laboratory of Pythagoras of Samos, the well-known Greek philosopher and scientist. This laboratory was created when Pythagoras conducted an experiment about tones of sound and vibration of string. In the painting of Louis Pasteur by Albert Edelfelt in 1885, Louis Pasteur is shown comparing a note in his left hand with a bottle filled with a solid in his right hand, and not wearing any personal protective equipment. Researching in teams started in the 19th", "title": "Laboratory" }, { "id": "8268670", "text": "\"electricus\" from (\"ēlektron\"), the Greek word for \"amber\". Gilbert, a native of Colchester, Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, and sometime President of the College of Physicians, was one of the earliest and most distinguished English men of science — a man whose work Galileo thought enviably great. He was appointed Court physician, and granted a pension to set him free to continue his research in physics and chemistry. Gilbert undertook a number of careful electrical experiments, in the course of which he discovered that many substances other than amber, such as sulphur, wax, glass, etc., were capable of manifesting", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "129715", "text": "Ritter, working at the other end of the spectrum, noticed what he called \"chemical rays\" (invisible light rays that induced certain chemical reactions). These behaved similarly to visible violet light rays, but were beyond them in the spectrum. They were later renamed ultraviolet radiation. Electromagnetic radiation was first linked to electromagnetism in 1845, when Michael Faraday noticed that the polarization of light traveling through a transparent material responded to a magnetic field (see Faraday effect). During the 1860s James Maxwell developed four partial differential equations for the electromagnetic field. Two of these equations predicted the possibility and behavior of waves", "title": "Electromagnetic spectrum" }, { "id": "173889", "text": "based on the field could soon be developed. Experimental confirmation of Maxwell's theory was provided by Hertz, who generated and detected electric waves in 1886 and verified their properties, at the same time foreshadowing their application in radio, television, and other devices. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered the photoelectric effect. Research on the electromagnetic waves began soon after, with many scientists and inventors conducting experiments on their properties. In the mid to late 1890s Guglielmo Marconi developed a radio wave based wireless telegraphy system (see invention of radio). The atomic theory of matter had been proposed again in the early", "title": "History of physics" }, { "id": "174954", "text": "Heinrich Hertz Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (; ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves theorized by James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light. The unit of frequencycycle per secondwas named the \"hertz\" in his honor. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was born in 1857 in Hamburg, then a sovereign state of the German Confederation, into a prosperous and cultured Hanseatic family. His father Gustav Ferdinand Hertz (originally named David Gustav Hertz) (1827–1914) was a barrister and later a senator. His mother was Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn. Hertz's father converted", "title": "Heinrich Hertz" }, { "id": "8268755", "text": "themselves the task of experimentally demonstrating the truth of the theory. By 1871, he presented the \"Remarks on the mathematical classification of physical quantities\". In 1887, the German physicist Heinrich Hertz in a series of experiments proved the actual existence of electromagnetic waves, showing that transverse free space electromagnetic waves can travel over some distance as predicted by Maxwell and Faraday. Hertz published his work in a book titled: \"Electric waves: being researches on the propagation of electric action with finite velocity through space\". The discovery of electromagnetic waves in space led to the development of radio in the closing", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "4278299", "text": "the development of radar. Far more than the atomic bomb, radar contributed to the Allied victory in World War II. Robert Buderi states that it was also the precursor of much modern technology. From a review of his book: In later years radar was used in scientific instruments, such as weather radar and radar astronomy. In 1886–1888 the German physicist Heinrich Hertz conducted his series of experiments that proved the existence of electromagnetic waves (including radio waves), predicted in equations developed in 1862–4 by the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell. In Hertz's 1887 experiment he found that these waves would", "title": "History of radar" }, { "id": "6965938", "text": "1831, Michael Faraday began a series of experiments in which he discovered electromagnetic induction. The relation was mathematically modelled by Faraday's law, which subsequently became one of the four Maxwell equations. Faraday proposed that electromagnetic forces extended into the empty space around the conductor, but did not complete his work involving that proposal. In 1846 Michael Faraday speculated that light was a wave disturbance in a force field\". Expanding upon a series of experiments by Felix Savary, between 1842 and 1850 Joseph Henry performed experiments detecting inductive magnetic effects over a distance of . He was the first (1838–42) to", "title": "Invention of radio" }, { "id": "8268775", "text": "milestone was achieved on 10 July 1908 when Onnes at the Leiden University in Leiden produced, for the first time, liquified helium and achieved superconductivity. In 1900, William Du Bois Duddell develops the Singing Arc and produced melodic sounds, from a low to a high-tone, from this arc lamp. Between 1900 and 1910, many scientists like Wilhelm Wien, Max Abraham, Hermann Minkowski, or Gustav Mie believed that all forces of nature are of electromagnetic origin (the so-called \"electromagnetic world view\"). This was connected with the electron theory developed between 1892 and 1904 by Hendrik Lorentz. Lorentz introduced a strict separation", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "12334326", "text": "X-rays of his German colleague Wilhelm Röntgen in 1896. Lecher's nephew, Konrad Zacharias Lorenz, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973. Ernst Lecher Ernst Lecher (1 June 1856 – 19 July 1926) was an Austrian physicist who, from 1909, was head of the \"First Institute of Physics\" in Vienna. He is remembered for developing an apparatus— \"Lecher lines\"—to measure the wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves. He gave his name to the Ernst-Lecher-Institut, a radar research establishment set up in the 1940s in Reichenau, south of Vienna, which is now a part of the German research institute", "title": "Ernst Lecher" }, { "id": "642793", "text": "oscillations in a coil joined up with a Leyden jar were about 1/50th of a second in duration. In 1871, Helmholtz moved from Heidelberg to Berlin to become a professor in physics. He became interested in electromagnetism and the Helmholtz equation is named for him. Although he did not make major contributions to this field, his student Heinrich Rudolf Hertz became famous as the first to demonstrate electromagnetic radiation. Oliver Heaviside criticised Helmholtz's electromagnetic theory because it allowed the existence of longitudinal waves. Based on work on Maxwell's equations, Heaviside pronounced that longitudinal waves could not exist in a vacuum", "title": "Hermann von Helmholtz" }, { "id": "129714", "text": "including reflection and refraction. The study of light continued, and during the 16th and 17th centuries conflicting theories regarded light as either a wave or a particle. The first discovery of electromagnetic radiation other than visible light came in 1800, when William Herschel discovered infrared radiation. He was studying the temperature of different colors by moving a thermometer through light split by a prism. He noticed that the highest temperature was beyond red. He theorized that this temperature change was due to \"calorific rays\" that were a type of light ray that could not be seen. The next year, Johann", "title": "Electromagnetic spectrum" }, { "id": "346488", "text": "rather than radio waves. As early as 1886, German physicist Heinrich Hertz showed that radio waves could be reflected from solid objects. In 1895, Alexander Popov, a physics instructor at the Imperial Russian Navy school in Kronstadt, developed an apparatus using a coherer tube for detecting distant lightning strikes. The next year, he added a spark-gap transmitter. In 1897, while testing this equipment for communicating between two ships in the Baltic Sea, he took note of an interference beat caused by the passage of a third vessel. In his report, Popov wrote that this phenomenon might be used for detecting", "title": "Radar" }, { "id": "12334325", "text": "Ernst Lecher Ernst Lecher (1 June 1856 – 19 July 1926) was an Austrian physicist who, from 1909, was head of the \"First Institute of Physics\" in Vienna. He is remembered for developing an apparatus— \"Lecher lines\"—to measure the wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves. He gave his name to the Ernst-Lecher-Institut, a radar research establishment set up in the 1940s in Reichenau, south of Vienna, which is now a part of the German research institute Max Planck Institute. Lecher's father, Zacharias K Lecher, was editor of Vienna's leading daily newspaper, \"Die Presse\", and helped to publicise the discovery of", "title": "Ernst Lecher" }, { "id": "344469", "text": "out on a system of electrical wireless communication between ships based on electrostatic coupling using the water and elevated terminals. Although this was not a radio system the Marconi Company would purchase the rights in 1903 to protect them legally from lawsuits. Between 1886 and 1888 Heinrich Rudolf Hertz published the results of his experiments wherein he was able to transmit electromagnetic waves (radio waves) through the air, proving Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. Thus, given Hertz comprehensive discoveries, radio waves were referred to as \"Hertzian waves\". Between 1890 and 1892 physicists such as John Perry, Frederick Thomas Trouton and William Crookes", "title": "History of radio" }, { "id": "174976", "text": "by his life's work, on its home page. Heinrich Hertz Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (; ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves theorized by James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light. The unit of frequencycycle per secondwas named the \"hertz\" in his honor. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was born in 1857 in Hamburg, then a sovereign state of the German Confederation, into a prosperous and cultured Hanseatic family. His father Gustav Ferdinand Hertz (originally named David Gustav Hertz) (1827–1914) was a barrister and later a senator. His", "title": "Heinrich Hertz" }, { "id": "6965944", "text": "George FitzGerald suggested at a British Association meeting that electromagnetic waves could be generated by the discharge of a capacitor, but the suggestion was not followed up, possibly because no means was known for detecting the waves. It had been proposed in 1879 to German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz that he try to prove Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism but he could not see any way to build an apparatus to experimentally test the theory. His observation, in the autumn of 1886, of discharging a Leyden jar into a large coil producing a spark in an adjacent coil gave him the", "title": "Invention of radio" }, { "id": "6965954", "text": "he learned of Hertz' series of proofs on the same subject. On 1 June 1894, at a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science at Oxford University, Lodge gave a memorial lecture on the work of Hertz (recently deceased) and the German physicist's proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves 6 years earlier. Lodge set up a demonstration on the quasi-optical nature of \"Hertzian waves\" (radio waves) and demonstrated their similarity to light and vision including reflection and transmission. Later in June and on 14 August 1894 he did similar experiments, increasing the distance of transmission up", "title": "Invention of radio" }, { "id": "7455747", "text": "for the system. Edison did not develop the patent commercially but according to his former assistant Francis Jehl, sold it to Guglielmo Marconi who developed it into radio. Etheric force Etheric force is a term Thomas Edison coined to describe a phenomenon later understood as high frequency electromagnetic waves—effectively, radio. Edison believed it was the mysterious force that some believed pervaded the ether. At the end of 1875, Edison and his assistants were experimenting with the Acoustic Telegraph when they noticed that a rapidly vibrating spark gap produced a spark in an adjacent relay. Subsequent investigation showed that the phenomenon", "title": "Etheric force" }, { "id": "344467", "text": "the existence of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves, using a frequency in what would later be called the \"radio\" spectrum. Many individuals—inventors, engineers, developers and businessmen—constructed systems based on their own understanding of these and other phenomena, some predating Maxwell and Hertz's discoveries. Thus \"wireless telegraphy\" and radio wave-based systems can be attributed to multiple \"inventors\". Development from a laboratory demonstration to a commercial entity spanned several decades and required the efforts of many practitioners. In 1878, David E. Hughes noticed that sparks could be heard in a telephone receiver when experimenting with his carbon microphone. He developed this carbon-based detector further", "title": "History of radio" }, { "id": "121421", "text": "for the electromagnetic field which suggested that waves in the field would travel with a speed that was very close to the known speed of light. Maxwell therefore suggested that visible light (as well as invisible infrared and ultraviolet rays by inference) all consisted of propagating disturbances (or radiation) in the electromagnetic field. Radio waves were first produced deliberately by Heinrich Hertz in 1887, using electrical circuits calculated to produce oscillations at a much lower frequency than that of visible light, following recipes for producing oscillating charges and currents suggested by Maxwell's equations. Hertz also developed ways to detect these", "title": "Electromagnetic radiation" }, { "id": "1955574", "text": "Theodor Wulf Theodor Wulf (July 28, 1868 in Hamm – June 19, 1946 in Hallenberg) was a German physicist and Jesuit priest who was one of the first experimenters to detect excess atmospheric radiation. Theodor Wulf became a Jesuit priest at the age of 20, before studying physics with Walther Nernst at the University of Göttingen. He taught physics at Valkenburg, a Jesuit University from 1904 to 1914 and 1918-1935. He designed and built an electrometer which could detect the presence of energetic charged particles (or electromagnetic waves). Since natural radiation sources on the ground were detected by his electrometer,", "title": "Theodor Wulf" }, { "id": "6965943", "text": "pale into provincial insignificance in comparison with this important scientific event of the same decade.\" Berend Wilhelm Feddersen, a German physicist, in 1859, as a private scholar in Leipzig, succeeded in experiments with the Leyden jar to prove that electric sparks were composed of damped oscillations. In 1870 the German physicist Wilhelm von Bezold discovered and demonstrated the fact that the advancing and reflected oscillations produced in conductors by a capacitor discharge gave rise to interference phenomena. Professors Elihu Thomson and E. J. Houston in 1876 made a number of experiments and observations on high frequency oscillatory discharges. In 1883", "title": "Invention of radio" }, { "id": "3306869", "text": "equation of Faraday's law describes both the transformer EMF and the motional EMF. Electromagnetic induction was discovered independently by Michael Faraday in 1831 and Joseph Henry in 1832. Faraday was the first to publish the results of his experiments. In Faraday's first experimental demonstration of electromagnetic induction (August 29, 1831), he wrapped two wires around opposite sides of an iron ring (torus) (an arrangement similar to a modern toroidal transformer). Based on his assessment of recently discovered properties of electromagnets, he expected that when current started to flow in one wire, a sort of wave would travel through the ring", "title": "Faraday's law of induction" }, { "id": "7455741", "text": "Etheric force Etheric force is a term Thomas Edison coined to describe a phenomenon later understood as high frequency electromagnetic waves—effectively, radio. Edison believed it was the mysterious force that some believed pervaded the ether. At the end of 1875, Edison and his assistants were experimenting with the Acoustic Telegraph when they noticed that a rapidly vibrating spark gap produced a spark in an adjacent relay. Subsequent investigation showed that the phenomenon could be made to occur at a distance of several feet without interconnecting cables. Edison, with this small amount of evidence, announced that it was \"a true unknown", "title": "Etheric force" }, { "id": "11888908", "text": "British Empire in 1948. Mount Tuve in Ellsworth Land in Antarctica was named in honor of Merle Anthony Tuve. The Library of Congress holds his papers in more than 400 archival boxes. Merle Tuve Merle Anthony Tuve (June 27, 1901 – May 20, 1982) was an American geophysicist who was the founding director of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He was a pioneer in the use of pulsed radio waves whose discoveries opened the way to the development of radar and nuclear energy. Merle Antony Tuve was born in Canton, South Dakota. He and physicist Ernest Lawrence were", "title": "Merle Tuve" }, { "id": "20606614", "text": "and low frequency alternating current (AC), but not much was known about frequencies above 20 kHz, what are now called radio frequencies. In 1887, four years previously, Heinrich Hertz had discovered Hertzian waves (radio waves), electromagnetic waves which oscillated at very high frequencies. This attracted much attention, and a number of researchers began experimenting with high frequency currents. Tesla's background was in the new field of alternating current power systems, so he understood transformers and resonance. In 1888 he decided that high frequencies were the most promising field for research, and set up a laboratory at 33 South Fifth Avenue,", "title": "History of the Tesla coil" }, { "id": "17763519", "text": "Eleanor R. Adair Eleanor Reed Adair (November 11, 1926 – April 20, 2013) was an American physiologist who studied the effects of electromagnetic radiation on humans. She is best known for performing the first human studies demonstrating the safety of microwave radiation. Adair was born on November 28, 1926, in Arlington, Massachusetts. Adair received her undergraduate degree from Mount Holyoke College in 1948. Adair married Robert K. Adair, a physicist, in 1952. In 1955, she obtained her doctorate from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She received her Ph.D. in a combination of two fields: sensory psychology and physics. Starting in the", "title": "Eleanor R. Adair" }, { "id": "154793", "text": "the transmission of telegraph messages without connecting wires as used by the electric telegraph. This was not a new idea; numerous investigators and inventors had been exploring wireless telegraph technologies and even building systems using electric conduction, electromagnetic induction and optical (light) signalling for over 50 years, but none had proven technically and commercially successful. A relatively new development came from Heinrich Hertz, who, in 1888, demonstrated that one could produce and detect electromagnetic radiation. At the time, this radiation was commonly called \"Hertzian\" waves, and is now generally referred to as radio waves. There was a great deal of", "title": "Guglielmo Marconi" }, { "id": "2778411", "text": "\"The Cricket as a Thermometer\" that noted the correlation between the ambient temperature and the rate at which crickets chirp. The formula expressed in that article became known as Dolbear's Law. Amos Dolbear Amos Emerson Dolbear (November 10, 1837 – February 23, 1910) was an American physicist and inventor. Dolbear researched electrical spark conversion into sound waves and electrical impulses. He was a professor at University of Kentucky in Lexington from 1868 until 1874. In 1874 he became the chair of the physics department at Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts. He is known for his 1882 invention of a system", "title": "Amos Dolbear" }, { "id": "11888903", "text": "Merle Tuve Merle Anthony Tuve (June 27, 1901 – May 20, 1982) was an American geophysicist who was the founding director of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He was a pioneer in the use of pulsed radio waves whose discoveries opened the way to the development of radar and nuclear energy. Merle Antony Tuve was born in Canton, South Dakota. He and physicist Ernest Lawrence were childhood friends. All four of his grandparents were born in Norway and subsequently immigrated to the United States. His father, Anthony G. Tuve, was president of Augustana College and his mother, Ida", "title": "Merle Tuve" }, { "id": "19051938", "text": "Peter Theophil Riess Peter Theophil Riess (27 June 1804 – 22 October 1883) was a German physicist, known mostly for his work in electricity, particularly friction electricity, but also in the field of electromagnetic induction. In the latter work he developed two devices, the spark micrometer (sometimes called the Riess micrometer) and the Riess spiral coils, both of which were used by Heinrich Hertz in his experiments to prove the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Riess was the son of a wealthy jeweller in Berlin. He received his doctorate in 1831 from the University of Berlin. In the early years after", "title": "Peter Theophil Riess" }, { "id": "8268676", "text": "such machines, this consisting of an iron rod held in the hand of a person whose body was insulated by standing on a block of resin. Ingenhousz, during 1746, invented electric machines made of plate glass. Experiments with the electric machine were largely aided by the discovery that a glass plate, coated on both sides with tinfoil, would accumulate electric charge when connected with a source of electromotive force. The electric machine was soon further improved by Andrew Gordon, a Scotsman, Professor at Erfurt, who substituted a glass cylinder in place of a glass globe; and by Giessing of Leipzig", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "6965953", "text": "their low resistance until shaken apart, for instance, by tapping on the tube. The coherer, however, was not sensitive enough to be used reliably as radio developed. British physicist and writer Sir Oliver Lodge came close to being the first to prove the existence of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves. In a series spring of 1888 experiments conducted with a Leyden jar connected to a length of wire with spaced spark gaps he noticed he was getting different size sparks and a glow pattern along the wire that seemed to be a function of wavelength. Before he could present his own findings", "title": "Invention of radio" }, { "id": "350095", "text": "were an early precursor to what would become photography. Ritter noted that the UV rays were capable of causing chemical reactions. The first radio waves detected were not from a natural source, but were produced deliberately and artificially by the German scientist Heinrich Hertz in 1887, using electrical circuits calculated to produce oscillations in the radio frequency range, following formulas suggested by the equations of James Clerk Maxwell. Wilhelm Röntgen discovered and named X-rays. While experimenting with high voltages applied to an evacuated tube on 8 November 1895, he noticed a fluorescence on a nearby plate of coated glass. Within", "title": "Radiation" }, { "id": "8268690", "text": "units of electrical measurement are named. Others who would advance the field of knowledge included William Watson, Georg Matthias Bose, Smeaton, Louis-Guillaume Le Monnier, Jacques de Romas, Jean Jallabert, Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Tiberius Cavallo, John Canton, Robert Symmer, Abbot Nollet, John Henry Winkler, Benjamin Wilson, Ebenezer Kinnersley, Joseph Priestley, Franz Aepinus, Edward Hussey Délavai, Henry Cavendish, and Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. Descriptions of many of the experiments and discoveries of these early electrical scientists may be found in the scientific publications of the time, notably the \"Philosophical Transactions\", \"Philosophical Magazine\", \"Cambridge Mathematical Journal\", \"Young's Natural Philosophy\", Priestley's \"History of Electricity\", Franklin's", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "1692193", "text": "Hippolyte Fizeau Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau FRS FRSE MIF (23 September 181918 September 1896) was a French physicist, best known for measuring the speed of light in the namesake Fizeau experiment. Fizeau was born in Paris to Louis and Beatrice Fizeau. He married into the de Jussieu botanical family. His earliest work was concerned with improvements in photographic processes. Following suggestions by François Arago, Léon Foucault and Fizeau collaborated in a series of investigations on the interference of light and heat. In 1848, he predicted the redshifting of electromagnetic waves. In 1849, Fizeau calculated a value for the speed of", "title": "Hippolyte Fizeau" }, { "id": "271290", "text": "to produce millimeter waves, generating 60 GHz (5 millimeter) microwaves using a 3 mm metal ball spark oscillator. Bose also invented waveguide and horn antennas for use in his experiments. Russian physicist Pyotr Lebedev in 1895 generated 50 GHz millimeter waves. In 1897 Lord Rayleigh solved the mathematical boundary-value problem of electromagnetic waves propagating through conducting tubes and dielectric rods of arbitrary shape. which gave the modes and cutoff frequency of microwaves propagating through a waveguide. However, since microwaves were limited to line of sight paths, they could not communicate beyond the visual horizon. The subsequent development of radio communication", "title": "Microwave" }, { "id": "14412531", "text": "was able to remotely ring a bell and explode gunpowder with the use of electromagnetic waves. In 1896, it was reported that Bose had transmitted electromagnetic signals over almost a mile. In 1897, Bose reported on his microwave research (experiments) at the Royal Institution in London. There he demonstrated his apparatus at wavelengths that ranged from 2.5 centimeters to 5 millimeters. In 1898, Jagadish Chandra Bose conducted the first microwave experiment on twisted structures. These twisted structures match the geometries that are known as artificial chiral media in today's terminology. By this time, he had also researched double refraction (birefringence)", "title": "History of metamaterials" }, { "id": "8268761", "text": "experiment was performed by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley at what is now Case Western Reserve University. It is generally considered to be the evidence against the theory of a luminiferous aether. The experiment has also been referred to as \"the kicking-off point for the theoretical aspects of the Second Scientific Revolution.\" Primarily for this work, Michelson was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1907. Dayton Miller continued with experiments, conducting thousands of measurements and eventually developing the most accurate interferometer in the world at that time. Miller and others, such as Morley, continue observations and experiments dealing with", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "8268721", "text": "the ordinary sense — indeed it is a question if in all his writings there is a single mathematical formula. The experiment which led Faraday to the discovery of electromagnetic induction was made as follows: He constructed what is now and was then termed an induction coil, the primary and secondary wires of which were wound on a wooden bobbin, side by side, and insulated from one another. In the circuit of the primary wire he placed a battery of approximately 100 cells. In the secondary wire he inserted a galvanometer. On making his first test he observed no results,", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "19051940", "text": "age 79. Peter Theophil Riess Peter Theophil Riess (27 June 1804 – 22 October 1883) was a German physicist, known mostly for his work in electricity, particularly friction electricity, but also in the field of electromagnetic induction. In the latter work he developed two devices, the spark micrometer (sometimes called the Riess micrometer) and the Riess spiral coils, both of which were used by Heinrich Hertz in his experiments to prove the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Riess was the son of a wealthy jeweller in Berlin. He received his doctorate in 1831 from the University of Berlin. In the early", "title": "Peter Theophil Riess" }, { "id": "9746480", "text": "Diogenes Angelakos Diogenes James Angelakos (1920 – June 7, 1997) was the director for 20 years of the Electronics Research Laboratory and a professor emeritus of electronic engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. He is credited with building up the research group into one the university's biggest research labs. He is considered a pioneer in the field of microwaves, antennas and electromagnetic waves. On July 2, 1982, he was the victim of a bomb left by Ted Kaczynski, the \"Unabomber\", at an electrical engineering and computer science faculty lounge in Cory Hall. He was injured in the face and", "title": "Diogenes Angelakos" }, { "id": "1425552", "text": "(lightning), and magnetic attraction (lodestone). Understanding the unity of these forces of nature, and the scientific theory of electromagnetism began in the late 18th century. Electromagnetic induction was first described by Michael Faraday in 1831. In Faraday's experiment, he wrapped two wires around opposite sides of an iron ring. He expected that, when current started to flow in one wire, a sort of wave would travel through the ring and cause some electrical effect on the opposite side. Using a galvanometer, he observed a transient current flow in the second coil of wire each time that a battery was connected", "title": "Inductance" }, { "id": "1482426", "text": "light waves were vibrations of the luminiferous aether, was accepted. Jean-Augustin Fresnel modeled hypothetical behavior of the aether. Michael Faraday introduced the theoretical concept of a field—not action at a distance. Mid-19th century, the Scottish James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) reduced electricity and magnetism to Maxwell's electromagnetic field theory, whittled down by others to the four Maxwell's equations. Initially, optics was found consequent of Maxwell's field. Later, radiation and then today's known electromagnetic spectrum were found also consequent of this electromagnetic field. The English physicist Lord Rayleigh [1842–1919] worked on sound. The Irishmen William Rowan Hamilton (1805–1865), George Gabriel Stokes (1819–1903)", "title": "Mathematical physics" }, { "id": "18898399", "text": "Ebenezer Kinnersley, Thomas Hopkinson, and Philip Syng and developed the first scientific research laboratory in America. He repeated his experiments to obtain the same results and recorded this observation. In this process he showed that anyone could repeat and prove these results themselves of the electrical principle if they did the experiment he detailed. Franklin spent much time studying this new field of electricity, and from 1747 through 1750 sent many letters to Collinson on his findings. The book consists of a collection of these letters. The book came in pamphlet form for the first three editions. The last two", "title": "Experiments and Observations on Electricity" }, { "id": "1561542", "text": "Joseph Henry Joseph Henry (December 17, 1797 – May 13, 1878) was an American scientist who served as the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. He was the secretary for the National Institute for the Promotion of Science, a precursor of the Smithsonian Institution. He was highly regarded during his lifetime. While building electromagnets, Henry discovered the electromagnetic phenomenon of self-inductance. He also discovered mutual inductance independently of Michael Faraday, though Faraday was the first to make the discovery and publish his results. Henry developed the electromagnet into a practical device. He invented a precursor to the electric doorbell (specifically", "title": "Joseph Henry" }, { "id": "6965950", "text": "waves\" as he carried his telephone device down the street out to a range of . On February 20, 1880, he demonstrated his experiment to representatives of the Royal Society including Thomas Henry Huxley, Sir George Gabriel Stokes, and William Spottiswoode, then president of the Society. Stokes was convinced the phenomenon Hughes was demonstrating was merely electromagnetic induction, not a type of conduction through the air. Hughes was not a physicist and seems to have accepted Stokes observations and did not pursue the experiments any further. His work may have been mentioned in William Crookes' 1892 \"Fortnightly Review\" review of", "title": "Invention of radio" }, { "id": "6965946", "text": "out up to the end of the year 1886 and the beginning of 1887. For the first time, electromagnetic radio waves (\"Hertzian waves\") were intentionally and unequivocally proven to have been transmitted through free space by a spark-gap device, and detected over a short distance. Hertz was able to have some control over the frequencies of his radiated waves by altering the inductance and capacitance of his transmitting and receiving antennas. He focused the electromagnetic waves using a corner reflector and a parabolic reflector, to demonstrate that radio behaved the same as light, as Maxwell's electromagnetic theory had predicted more", "title": "Invention of radio" }, { "id": "2018625", "text": "went on to devise many types of these devices based on \"imperfect\" metal contacts. Branly's filings tube came to light in 1892 in Great Britain when it was described by Dr. Dawson Turner at a meeting of the British Association in Edinburgh. The Scottish electrical engineer and astronomer George Forbes suggested that Branly's filings tube might be reacting in the presence of Hertzian waves, a type of air-borne electromagnetic radiation proven to exist by German physicist Heinrich Hertz (later called radio waves). In 1893 physicist W.B. Croft exhibited Branly's experiments at a meeting of the Physical Society in London. It", "title": "Coherer" }, { "id": "6965931", "text": "such as Oliver Lodge and Jagadish Chandra Bose, while transmitting radio waves some distance, did not seem to see any value in developing a communication system based on them. In their experiments they did develop electronic components and methods to improve the transmission and detection of electromagnetic waves. In the mid 1890s, building on techniques physicists were using to study electromagnetic waves, Guglielmo Marconi developed the first apparatus for long distance radio communication. On 23 December 1900, the Canadian inventor Reginald A. Fessenden became the first person to send audio (wireless telephony) by means of electromagnetic waves, successfully transmitting over", "title": "Invention of radio" }, { "id": "20102341", "text": "History of the philosophy of field theory Field theory had its origins in the 18th century in a mathematical formulation of Newtonian mechanics, but it was seen as deficient as it implied action at a distance. In 1852, Michael Faraday treated the magnetic field as a physical object, reasoning about lines of force. James Clerk Maxwell used Faraday's conceptualisation to help formulate his unification of electricity and magnetism in his electromagnetic theory. With Albert Einstein's special relativity and the Michelson-Morley experiment, it became clear that electromagnetic waves did not travel as vibrations in a physical aether; and there was in", "title": "History of the philosophy of field theory" }, { "id": "8268672", "text": "showed no attractive forces when rubbed. He noticed that dry weather with north or east wind was the most favourable atmospheric condition for exhibiting electric phenomena—an observation liable to misconception until the difference between conductor and insulator was understood. Gilbert's work was followed up by Robert Boyle (1627–1691), the famous natural philosopher who was once described as \"father of Chemistry, and uncle of the Earl of Cork.\" Boyle was one of the founders of the Royal Society when it met privately in Oxford, and became a member of the Council after the Society was incorporated by Charles II. in 1663.", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "9523029", "text": "Melde's experiment Melde's experiment is a scientific experiment carried out in 1859 by the German physicist Franz Melde on the standing waves produced in a tense cable originally set oscillating by a tuning fork, later improved with connection to an electric vibrator. This experiment, \"a lecture-room standby\", attempted to demonstrate that mechanical waves undergo interference phenomena. In the experiment, mechanical waves traveled in opposite directions form immobile points, called nodes. These waves were called standing waves by Melde since the position of the nodes and loops (points where the cord vibrated) stayed static. Standing waves were first discovered by Franz", "title": "Melde's experiment" }, { "id": "2232085", "text": "a memorial lecture on the work of Hertz (recently deceased) and the German physicist's proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves 6 years earlier. Lodge set up a demonstration on the quasi optical nature of \"Hertzian waves\" (radio waves) and demonstrated their similarity to light and vision including reflection and transmission. Later in June and on 14 August 1894 he did similar experiments, increasing the distance of transmission up to 55 meters. Lodge used a detector called a \"coherer\" (invented by Edouard Branly), a glass tube containing metal filings between two electrodes. When the small electrical charge from waves from", "title": "Oliver Lodge" }, { "id": "8268719", "text": "Henry's discovery of self-induction and his work on spiral conductors using a copper coil were made public in 1835, just before those of Faraday. In 1831 began the epoch-making researches of Michael Faraday, the famous pupil and successor of Humphry Davy at the head of the Royal Institution, London, relating to electric and electromagnetic induction. The remarkable researches of Faraday, the \"prince of experimentalists\", on electrostatics and electrodynamics and the induction of currents. These were rather long in being brought from the crude experimental state to a compact system, expressing the real essence. Faraday was not a competent mathematician, but", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "3347677", "text": "researchers re-examined the potential to generate energy from ocean waves, among whom notably were Stephen Salter from the University of Edinburgh, Kjell Budal and Johannes Falnes from Norwegian Institute of Technology (now merged into Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Michael E. McCormick from U.S. Naval Academy, David Evans from Bristol University, Michael French from University of Lancaster, Nick Newman and C. C. Mei from MIT. Stephen Salter's 1974 invention became known as Salter's duck or \"nodding duck\", although it was officially referred to as the Edinburgh Duck. In small scale controlled tests, the Duck's curved cam-like body can stop", "title": "Wave power" }, { "id": "15006296", "text": "a way to use velocity modulation to allow electrons to flow in bunches and to control their speed. The concept of velocity modulation he used had already been described by A. Arsenjewa Heil and Oskar Heil in 1935, though the Varians were unlikely to have known of the work. The brothers and Hansen ultimately created the klystron, the first tube that could generate electromagnetic waves at microwave frequencies. Russell was responsible for the design and Sigurd built the first prototype, which was completed in August 1937. The klystron, a microwave tube, was noticed in 1938 by Sperry Gyroscope, who gave", "title": "Russell and Sigurd Varian" }, { "id": "16531089", "text": "Josef Geitler von Armingen Josef Karl Franz Otto Geitler, Ritter von Armingen (14 September 1870 – 20 June 1923) was an Austrian physicist born in Smíchov, today a district in Prague. He is remembered for his investigations of electromagnetic waves. He studied in Prague and Bonn, later obtaining his habilitation at Prague. In 1906 he succeeded Alois Handl (1837-1915) as chair of experimental physics at the University of Czernowitz. In 1919, when Czernowitz became a Romanian university, Geitler relocated to Graz, where he taught classes at the Technische Universität Graz. Among his scientific research were studies that explained differences between", "title": "Josef Geitler von Armingen" }, { "id": "173888", "text": "1873 publication of Maxwell's \"Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism\". This work drew upon theoretical work by German theoreticians such as Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber. The encapsulation of heat in particulate motion, and the addition of electromagnetic forces to Newtonian dynamics established an enormously robust theoretical underpinning to physical observations. The prediction that light represented a transmission of energy in wave form through a \"luminiferous ether\", and the seeming confirmation of that prediction with Helmholtz student Heinrich Hertz's 1888 detection of electromagnetic radiation, was a major triumph for physical theory and raised the possibility that even more fundamental theories", "title": "History of physics" }, { "id": "3972695", "text": "today by broadcast television transmitters. Hertz used them to perform historic experiments demonstrating standing waves, refraction, diffraction, polarization and interference of radio waves. He also measured the speed of radio waves, showing they traveled at the same speed as light. These experiments established that light and radio waves were both forms of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves, differing only in frequency. Augusto Righi and Jagadish Chandra Bose around 1894 generated microwaves of 12 and 60 GHz respectively, using small metal balls as resonator-antennas. The high frequencies produced by Hertzian oscillators could not travel beyond the horizon. The dipole resonators also had low", "title": "Spark-gap transmitter" }, { "id": "8478260", "text": "in 1864 by James C. Maxwell. In 1888, Heinrich Hertz showed evidence of radiowaves using his spark-gap radio transmitter. Nikola Tesla believed that wireless power transfer was possible and probable. He built what was called the “Tesla Tower” which was a giant coil connected to a 200 foot high tower with a ball 3 feet in diameter. Tesla pumped 300kw of power into the device; the coil resonated at 150 kHz. The experiment failed due to the fact that the power diffused in all directions. In the 1960s, much research was put into using microwaves to transmit power. W.C. Brown", "title": "Inductive charging" }, { "id": "14953014", "text": "James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics. His most notable achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism have been called the \"second great unification in physics\" after the first one realised by Isaac Newton. With the publication of \"A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field\" in 1865, Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic fields travel through space as waves moving", "title": "James Clerk Maxwell" }, { "id": "1580287", "text": "Wilhelm Eduard Weber Wilhelm Eduard Weber (; ; 24 October 1804 – 23 June 1891) was a German physicist and, together with Carl Friedrich Gauss, inventor of the first electromagnetic telegraph. Weber was born in Wittenberg, where his father, Michael Weber, was professor of theology. Wilhelm was the second of three brothers, all of whom were distinguished by an aptitude for science. After the dissolution of the University of Wittenberg his father was transferred to Halle in 1815. Wilhelm had received his first lessons from his father, but was now sent to the Orphan Asylum and Grammar School at Halle.", "title": "Wilhelm Eduard Weber" }, { "id": "8268774", "text": "on the Joule–Thomson effect. Linde's patent was the climax of 20 years of systematic investigation of established facts, using a regenerative counterflow method. Hampson's design was also of a regenerative method. The combined process became known as the Linde–Hampson liquefaction process. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes purchased a Linde machine for his research. Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski conducted research into electrical properties at low temperatures, though his research ended early due to his accidental death. Around 1864, Karol Olszewski and Wroblewski predicted the electrical phenomena of dropping resistance levels at ultra-cold temperatures. Olszewski and Wroblewski documented evidence of this in the 1880s. A", "title": "History of electromagnetic theory" }, { "id": "2232072", "text": "Oliver Lodge Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge, (12 June 1851 – 22 August 1940) was a British physicist and writer involved in the development of, and holder of key patents for, radio. He identified electromagnetic radiation independent of Hertz' proof and at his 1894 Royal Institution lectures (\"\"The Work of Hertz and Some of His Successors\"\"), Lodge demonstrated an early radio wave detector he named the \"coherer\". In 1898 he was awarded the \"syntonic\" (or tuning) patent by the United States Patent Office. Lodge was Principal of the University of Birmingham from 1900 to 1920. Oliver Lodge was born in 1851", "title": "Oliver Lodge" }, { "id": "20371466", "text": "dense network of telegraph wires and submarine cables. In 1887 Heinrich Hertz of Germany conclusively proved the existence of electromagnetic waves. Alexander Stepanovich Popov of Russia developed antennas to transmit and receive radio waves. Scientists such as Édouard Branly and Nikola Tesla also contributed to development of the concepts. In 1895 Guglielmo Marconi, a student at the University of Bologna, invented wireless telegraphy. In 1897 he founded the Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company in England. Its subsidiary the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America was formed in the US in 1899. The Telefunken company was created in Germany in 1903", "title": "Compagnie générale de la télégraphie sans fil" }, { "id": "121420", "text": "temperature recorded with a thermometer. These \"calorific rays\" were later termed infrared. In 1801, German physicist Johann Wilhelm Ritter discovered ultraviolet in an experiment similar to Hershel's, using sunlight and a glass prism. Ritter noted that invisible rays near the violet edge of a solar spectrum dispersed by a triangular prism darkened silver chloride preparations more quickly than did the nearby violet light. Ritter's experiments were an early precursor to what would become photography. Ritter noted that the ultraviolet rays (which at first were called \"chemical rays\") were capable of causing chemical reactions. In 1862-4 James Clerk Maxwell developed equations", "title": "Electromagnetic radiation" }, { "id": "17043899", "text": "Nello Carrara Nello Carrara (19 February 1900 – 5 June 1993) was an Italian physicist and founder of the Electromagnetic Wave Research Institute. He researched X-rays and was a pioneer of radar, but is best known for coining the term \"microwave\". Nello Carrara was born in Florence on 19 February 1900. He graduated from high school in 1917, and after serving in the Army during World War I, entered the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa in 1918, where he studied physics. His fellow students included Enrico Fermi and Franco Rasetti. He wrote his doctoral thesis on X-ray diffraction in 1921.", "title": "Nello Carrara" }, { "id": "6151936", "text": "Eddy-current testing Eddy-current testing (also commonly seen as eddy current testing and ECT) is one of many electromagnetic testing methods used in nondestructive testing (NDT) making use of electromagnetic induction to detect and characterize surface and sub-surface flaws in conductive materials. Eddy current testing (ECT) as a technique for testing finds its roots in electromagnetism. Eddy currents were first observed by François Arago in 1824, but French physicist Léon Foucault is credited with discovering them in 1855. ECT began largely as a result of the English scientist Michael Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic induction in 1831. Faraday discovered that when there", "title": "Eddy-current testing" }, { "id": "685714", "text": "radio waves for heating substances was made possible by the development of vacuum tube radio transmitters around 1920. By 1930 the application of short waves to heat human tissue had developed into the medical therapy of diathermy. At the 1933 Chicago World's Fair, Westinghouse demonstrated the cooking of foods between two metal plates attached to a 10 kW, 60 MHz shortwave transmitter. The Westinghouse team, led by I. F. Mouromtseff, found that foods like steaks and potatoes could be cooked in minutes. The 1937 United States patent application by Bell Laboratories states: However, lower-frequency dielectric heating, as described in the", "title": "Microwave oven" }, { "id": "1003683", "text": "demonstration by the British physicist Oliver Lodge, in which he made use of a Branly's coherer to make a mirror galvanometer move a beam of light when an electromagnetic wave was artificially generated. This was further refined by radio innovators Guglielmo Marconi and William Preece, at a demonstration that took place on December 12, 1896, at Toynbee Hall in London, in which they made a bell ring by pushing a button in a box that was not connected by any wires. In 1898 Nikola Tesla filed his patent, , named \"Method of an Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vehicle", "title": "Remote control" }, { "id": "12994871", "text": "led to the conclusion of brain waves. In 1912, Ukrainian physiologist Vladimir Vladimirovich Pravdich-Neminsky published the first animal EEG and the evoked potential of the mammalian (dog). In 1914, Napoleon Cybulski and Jelenska-Macieszyna photographed EEG recordings of experimentally induced seizures. German physiologist and psychiatrist Hans Berger (1873–1941) recorded the first human EEG in 1924. Expanding on work previously conducted on animals by Richard Caton and others, Berger also invented the electroencephalogram (giving the device its name), an invention described \"as one of the most surprising, remarkable, and momentous developments in the history of clinical neurology\". His discoveries were first confirmed", "title": "Electroencephalography" }, { "id": "2778406", "text": "Amos Dolbear Amos Emerson Dolbear (November 10, 1837 – February 23, 1910) was an American physicist and inventor. Dolbear researched electrical spark conversion into sound waves and electrical impulses. He was a professor at University of Kentucky in Lexington from 1868 until 1874. In 1874 he became the chair of the physics department at Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts. He is known for his 1882 invention of a system for transmitting telegraph signals without wires. In 1899 his patent for it was purchased in an unsuccessful attempt to interfere with Guglielmo Marconi's wireless telegraphy patents in the United States. Dolbear", "title": "Amos Dolbear" }, { "id": "4278300", "text": "transmit through different types of materials and also would reflect off metal surfaces in his lab as well as conductors and dielectrics. The nature of these waves being similar to visible light in their ability to be reflected, refracted, and polarized would be shown by Hertz and subsequent experiments by other physicists. Radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi noticed radio waves were being reflected back to the transmitter by objects in radio beacon experiments he conducted on March 3, 1899 on Salisbury Plain. In 1916 he and a British engineer called Charles Samuel Franklin used short-waves in their experiments, critical to the", "title": "History of radar" }, { "id": "3972688", "text": "however he was persuaded that what he observed was induction. Neither of these individuals are usually credited with the discovery of radio, because they did not understand the significance of their observations and did not publish their work before Hertz. The other was research by physicists to confirm the theory of electromagnetism proposed in 1864 by Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell, now called Maxwell's equations. Maxwell's theory showed that a combination of oscillating electric and magnetic fields could travel through space as an \"electromagnetic wave\". Maxwell proposed that light consisted of these electromagnetic waves, but no one knew how to", "title": "Spark-gap transmitter" }, { "id": "18773395", "text": "to duplicate the smaller scale experiments was not difficult to manufacture and similar experiments were soon being undertaken in Australian laboratories and then public demonstrations in all Australian states. The experimenters can be categorised into PMG, Military, Academic and Private Experimenters. Richard Threlfall The announcement by Hertz in 1888 of his successful experiments in the existence of free electromagnetic waves created a sensation throughout the scientific world. The Hertz' experiments were repeated in the Physics laboratory at the Sydney the same year. Philip Billingsley Walker On 10 August 1899, the Postmaster-General, one or two officers of the Department and representatives", "title": "History of broadcasting in Australia" }, { "id": "20592913", "text": "1831, Faraday (and independently Joseph Henry) discovered the reverse effect, the production of an electric potential or current through magnetism – known as electromagnetic induction; these two discoveries are the basis of the electric motor and the electric generator, respectively. In 1834, Carl Jacobi discovered his uniformly rotating self-gravitating ellipsoids (the Jacobi ellipsoid). In 1834, John Russell observed a nondecaying solitary water wave (soliton) in the Union Canal near Edinburgh and used a water tank to study the dependence of solitary water wave velocities on wave amplitude and water depth. In 1835, William Hamilton stated Hamilton's canonical equations of motion.", "title": "19th century in science" }, { "id": "121419", "text": "all other processes and laws. These changes accounted for the constancy of the speed of light and all electromagnetic radiation, from the viewpoints of all observers—even those in relative motion. Electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths other than those of visible light were discovered in the early 19th century. The discovery of infrared radiation is ascribed to astronomer William Herschel, who published his results in 1800 before the Royal Society of London. Herschel used a glass prism to refract light from the Sun and detected invisible rays that caused heating beyond the red part of the spectrum, through an increase in the", "title": "Electromagnetic radiation" }, { "id": "44860", "text": "proved that it is unbreakable. In 1931, a foundation for radio astronomy was laid by Karl Jansky during his work investigating the origins of static on long-distance shortwave communications. He discovered that radio waves were being emitted from the center of the galaxy. In 1931 and 1932, experimental high fidelity, long playing, and even stereophonic recordings were made by the labs of the Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by Leopold Stokowski. In 1933, stereo signals were transmitted live from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C. In 1937, the vocoder, an electronic speech compression device, or codec, and the Voder, the first electronic speech synthesizer,", "title": "Bell Labs" }, { "id": "174970", "text": "the existence of airborne electromagnetic waves led to an explosion of experimentation with this new form of electromagnetic radiation, which was called \"Hertzian waves\" until around 1910 when the term \"radio waves\" became current. Within 10 years researchers such as Oliver Lodge, Ferdinand Braun, and Guglielmo Marconi employed radio waves in the first wireless telegraphy radio communication systems, leading to radio broadcasting, and later television. Today radio is an essential technology in global telecommunication networks, and the transmission medium underlying modern wireless devices. In 1892, Hertz began experimenting and demonstrated that cathode rays could penetrate very thin metal foil (such", "title": "Heinrich Hertz" }, { "id": "685717", "text": "A more high-powered microwave generator that worked at shorter wavelengths was needed, and in 1940, at the University of Birmingham in England, Randall and Harry Boot produced a working prototype. They invented a valve that could spit out pulses of microwave radio energy on a wavelength of 10 cm, an unprecedented discovery. Sir Henry Tizard travelled to the U.S. in late September 1940 to offer the magnetron in exchange for their financial and industrial help (see Tizard Mission). An early 6 kW version, built in England by the General Electric Company Research Laboratories, Wembley, London, was given to the U.S.", "title": "Microwave oven" }, { "id": "117984", "text": "Edison backed DC power system, with AC being adopted as the overall standard. During the development of radio, many scientists and inventors contributed to radio technology and electronics. The mathematical work of James Clerk Maxwell during the 1850s had shown the relationship of different forms of electromagnetic radiation including possibility of invisible airborne waves (later called \"radio waves\"). In his classic physics experiments of 1888, Heinrich Hertz proved Maxwell's theory by transmitting radio waves with a spark-gap transmitter, and detected them by using simple electrical devices. Other physicists experimented with these new waves and in the process developed devices for", "title": "Electrical engineering" }, { "id": "3216592", "text": "Pyotr Lebedev Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev () was a Russian physicist. His name was also transliterated as Peter Lebedew and Peter Lebedev. He made his doctoral degree in Strasbourg under the supervision of August Kundt in 1887–1891. In 1891 he started working in Moscow State University in the group of Alexander Stoletov. There he made his famous experimental studies of electromagnetic waves. Along with Indian physicist Jagadish Chandra Bose he was one of the first to investigate millimeter waves, generating 50 GHz (6 mm) microwaves beginning in 1895 with a spark oscillator made of two platinum cylinders 1.5 cm long and", "title": "Pyotr Lebedev" } ]

[ "Robert Wadlow" ]

[ { "id": "10533458", "text": "and his two siblings. His funeral was held at Durham Cathedral on 17 March. Neil Fingleton Neil Fingleton (18 December 1980 – 25 February 2017) was an English actor and basketball player. He was the tallest British-born man and the tallest man in the European Union at 7 ft 7.56 in (232.6 cm) in height and among the 25 tallest men in the world. This title has been confirmed by the \"Guinness World Records\" in the summer of 2007; Fingleton took over from Christopher Greener who stood at 7 ft 6 ¼ in (229.2 cm) in height. Fingleton was born", "title": "Neil Fingleton" }, { "id": "10533450", "text": "Neil Fingleton Neil Fingleton (18 December 1980 – 25 February 2017) was an English actor and basketball player. He was the tallest British-born man and the tallest man in the European Union at 7 ft 7.56 in (232.6 cm) in height and among the 25 tallest men in the world. This title has been confirmed by the \"Guinness World Records\" in the summer of 2007; Fingleton took over from Christopher Greener who stood at 7 ft 6 ¼ in (229.2 cm) in height. Fingleton was born in Durham, England, in 1980, to mother Christine and father Michael. He had an", "title": "Neil Fingleton" }, { "id": "8568819", "text": "Alam Channa Haji Mohammad Alam Channa (1953 in Sehwan, Sindh province, Pakistan – 2 July 1998 in New York City) was one of the tallest living people with the height of . According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the tallest living man in the world (between 1982 and 1998), was Pakistan’s Mohammad Alam Channa. Before his death in 1998, Channa was reported to be tall. Born in 1953 in the city of Sehwan (in Pakistan’s Sindh province), Alam Channa is said to have stood 6 ft 4 inches by the time he was 18. He continued to grow", "title": "Alam Channa" }, { "id": "5552309", "text": "Angus MacAskill Angus Mòr MacAskill (1825 – August 8, 1863) was a Scottish-born Canadian giant. The 1981 Guinness Book of World Records says he is the tallest non-pathological giant in recorded history (7 ft 9 in, or 2.36 m) and had the largest chest measurements of any non-obese man (80 inches, or 200 cm). MacAskill was born on the Isle of Berneray in the Sound of Harris, Scotland. His father was Norman MacAskill, who stood tall, and his mother was Christina Campbell. He had twelve siblings, several of whom died young, and he was an ordinary-sized baby. After several years", "title": "Angus MacAskill" }, { "id": "5552320", "text": "residents every year until its replacement in 2008 by the newly built vessel \"Torquil MacLean\". Angus MacAskill Angus Mòr MacAskill (1825 – August 8, 1863) was a Scottish-born Canadian giant. The 1981 Guinness Book of World Records says he is the tallest non-pathological giant in recorded history (7 ft 9 in, or 2.36 m) and had the largest chest measurements of any non-obese man (80 inches, or 200 cm). MacAskill was born on the Isle of Berneray in the Sound of Harris, Scotland. His father was Norman MacAskill, who stood tall, and his mother was Christina Campbell. He had twelve", "title": "Angus MacAskill" }, { "id": "6737946", "text": "William Bradley (giant) William Bradley (10 February 1787 – 30 May 1820), known more commonly as Giant Bradley or the Yorkshire Giant, is the tallest recorded British man that ever lived, measuring . Bradley was taller than Bao Xishun, who was recognised as world's tallest living man by Guinness World Records between 2005 and 2007. Born in Market Weighton within the East Riding of Yorkshire, William was the fourth son in a family of thirteen and weighed 14 pounds (6.35 kg) at birth. His father, a master tailor measured , while his siblings and mother Anne were of average size,", "title": "William Bradley (giant)" }, { "id": "7305438", "text": "moved with them there. Aasen's growth started slowly. When he was confirmed in the Lutheran faith in Grandfield Lutheran Church near Sheyenne, North Dakota, he was the shortest in his class. According to some sources, Aasen was around 2.74 m or 8 feet, 11½ inches (which, if true, would make him even taller than Robert Wadlow, the tallest verified person in history). The \"Top 10 of Everything\" 2010 edition states his height at 8 feet, 9.7 inches. According to the 1978 edition of \"Guinness World Records\" he was only 7 feet (213.4 cm). Just before his death, at age 46,", "title": "John Aasen" }, { "id": "16031561", "text": "make pictures with Brahim, who now also obtained the French nationality. Surpassing former record-holder, Sultan Kösen, Takioullah became the \"Guinness World Record\" holder for world's largest feet on a living person, on 24 May 2011. His left foot measures 38.1 centimetres, and his right 37.5 centimetres. With a height of , Takioullah is the second–tallest living person behind Sultan Kösen of Turkey, and tied with Morteza Mehrzad of Iran, in the world according to the \"Guinness World Records.\" Brahim Takioullah Brahim Takioullah (born 26 January 1982 in Guelmim, Morocco) is a Moroccan man who formerly held the \"Guinness World Record\"", "title": "Brahim Takioullah" }, { "id": "7101724", "text": "Bernard Coyne (giant) Bernard A. Coyne (July 27, 1897May 20, 1921) is one of only 17 individuals in medical history to have stood 8 feet tall or more. Coyne may have reached a height of tall at the time of his death in 1921. His World War I draft registration card, dated on August 29, 1918, lists his height as 8 feet. The Guinness Book of World Records stated that he was refused induction into the Army (1918) when he stood at a height of 7 feet 9 inches. Coyne was the tallest ever eunuchoidal infantile giant, a condition also", "title": "Bernard Coyne (giant)" }, { "id": "1916224", "text": "Martin Van Buren Bates Martin Bates (November 9, 1837 – January 19, 1919), known as the \"Kentucky Giant\" was an American man famed for his great height. The Guinness Book of World Records and other reputable sources have him listed at being tall and weighing . He began a big growth spurt at some time around the age of six or seven, and was over tall and weighed over by the time he was twelve years old. His first occupation was as a schoolteacher, but upon the outbreak of the Civil War, he joined the Confederate States Army. He returned", "title": "Martin Van Buren Bates" }, { "id": "974052", "text": "The only way to verify a record is to contact Guinness, and the average response time is twelve weeks. In 1976, a \"Guinness Book of World Records\" museum opened in the Empire State Building. Speed shooter Bob Munden then went on tour promoting \"The Guinness Book of World Records\" by performing his record fast draws with a standard weight single-action revolver from a western movie type holster. His fastest time for a draw was 0.02 seconds. Among exhibits were life-size statues of the world's tallest man (Robert Wadlow) and world's largest earth worm, an X-ray photo of a sword swallower,", "title": "Guinness World Records" }, { "id": "5488075", "text": "Bao Xishun Xishun Bao (also known as Xi Shun; born 2 November 1951) is a herdsman from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China, recognized by \"Guinness World Records\" as one of the world's tallest living men. He was formerly certified as the tallest living man by the Guinness World Records. However, on September 17, 2009, Sultan Kösen overtook Bao Xishun as the tallest living man. Xishun Bao claims to have been of normal height until he was sixteen years old. He served in the People's Liberation Army for three years. He later returned to Inner Mongolia to live with his mother and", "title": "Bao Xishun" }, { "id": "7104358", "text": "Don Koehler Donald A. Koehler (September 1, 1925 – February 26, 1981) is one of 17 known people in medical history to reach a height of 8 feet (2.44 m) or more. He was generally recognized as the tallest living man in the world from at least 1969 until his death in 1981. At one time, Koehler stood 249 cm (8'2\") tall, a result of the medical condition acromegalic gigantism. He was born in Denton, Montana, United States. Koehler and his twin sister were born to parents of above average height. Their mother was 178 cm (5'10\"); their father was", "title": "Don Koehler" }, { "id": "1052506", "text": "holds many of the dead from the epidemic and a memorial marks the site. Often when Confederate prisoners escaped, they tried to cross the Mississippi River back to the slave state of Missouri. Robert Pershing Wadlow, listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the world's tallest documented man at 8 feet 11.1 inches tall, 2,72 m, is buried in Oakwood Cemetery in the area known as Upper Alton. The earth over his grave was raised so visitors can compare its length to other graves. A memorial to him, including a life-sized statue and a replica of his chair, stands", "title": "Alton, Illinois" }, { "id": "16324289", "text": "Chandra Bahadur Dangi Chandra Bahadur Dangi (30 November 1939 – 3 September 2015) (, ) was the shortest man in recorded history for whom there is irrefutable evidence, measuring . Dangi was a primordial dwarf. He broke the record of Gul Mohammed (1957–97), whose height was . He came to the attention of the media when a wood contractor saw him in his village in the Dang district of Nepal. He was awarded the title of shortest adult human ever recorded after his height was measured in February 2012. He was subsequently included in the \"Guinness World Records\". Three of", "title": "Chandra Bahadur Dangi" }, { "id": "9329603", "text": "him to join the circus. On 25 August 2009 Kösen's standing height was recorded at in his home country by \"Guinness World Records\", overtaking former world record holder Bao Xishun who stands tall. Kösen also holds the current Guinness record for the largest hands at , and the second largest feet at (left foot) and (right foot). On 25 August 2010, according to the University of Virginia, a height of up to had been confirmed by doctors and stated it was possible this was Kösen's actual height, artificially lowered by scoliosis and bad posture. On 9 February 2011 Kösen was", "title": "Sultan Kösen" }, { "id": "1969764", "text": "of his mission, and so God took him and left the rest of the work to be done by others.\" Bol is buried in South Sudan. Manute Bol Manute Bol (; October 16, 1962 – June 19, 2010) was a Sudanese-born American basketball player and political activist. Listed at tall, he was the tallest player in the history of the National Basketball Association, along with Gheorghe Mureșan. He was officially measured and listed at tall in the \"Guinness Book of World Records\". He is believed to have been born on October 16, 1962, in either Turalei or Gogrial, Sudan. He", "title": "Manute Bol" }, { "id": "2268862", "text": "Robert Wadlow Robert Pershing Wadlow (February 22, 1918 – July 15, 1940), also known as the Alton Giant and the Giant of Illinois, was an American who became famous as the tallest person in recorded history for whom there is irrefutable evidence. He was born and raised in Alton, Illinois. Wadlow reached in height and weighed at his death at age 22. His great size and his continued growth in adulthood were due to hyperplasia of his pituitary gland, which results in an abnormally high level of human growth hormone (HGH). He showed no indication of an end to his", "title": "Robert Wadlow" }, { "id": "16324291", "text": "the shortest man in the world and a citizen of Nepal, he wanted to use his status to popularise his country. In 2012, at the age of 72, Dangi met the world’s shortest woman, Jyoti Amge of Nagpur, India. The pair posed together for the 57th edition of \"The Guinness Book of Records\" in 2013. On 13 November 2014, as part of Guinness World Records Day, Dangi met the world's tallest living man, Sultan Kösen, at an event in London. Chandra died in American Samoa on 3 September 2015 at the age of 75, at the Lyndon B. Johnson Tropical", "title": "Chandra Bahadur Dangi" }, { "id": "1969732", "text": "Manute Bol Manute Bol (; October 16, 1962 – June 19, 2010) was a Sudanese-born American basketball player and political activist. Listed at tall, he was the tallest player in the history of the National Basketball Association, along with Gheorghe Mureșan. He was officially measured and listed at tall in the \"Guinness Book of World Records\". He is believed to have been born on October 16, 1962, in either Turalei or Gogrial, Sudan. He was the son of a Dinka tribal elder who gave him the name Manute, which means \"special blessing\". Bol played for two colleges and four NBA", "title": "Manute Bol" }, { "id": "8825277", "text": "Lok Dal. He was thought to be tall; however, have been reported otherwise to be an unconfirmed tall, and as was born in 1986 was most likely that he could grow no further. He could have been considered the world's tallest living man, but the \"Guinness Book of Records\" has strict verification criteria; hence, did not measure Vicky. He also had been said to have hands long and feet long, and appears in photographs to be proportionate, not obviously a pathological (acromegalic, for example) giant. He also acted in a Bollywood movie \"Rang De Basanti.\" Vikas Uppal Vikas Kumar \"Vicky\"", "title": "Vikas Uppal" }, { "id": "7033572", "text": "Alexander Sizonenko Alexander Alekseyevich Sizonenko (; ; 20 July 1959 – 5 January 2012) was a Soviet basketball player. Sizonenko was born in the city of Zaporizhia, Ukrainian SSR. Possibly the tallest person to have ever played professional basketball, he was measured by Guinness World Records at and named the world's tallest man in 1991. Sizonenko was said to have grown since this measurement was taken, although age reduced his standing height considerably. Because of his enormous growth, his mobility was increasingly impaired. Sizonenko played professionally for Spartak Leningrad (1976–1978) and for Stroitel Kuybyshev (1979–1986). Sizonenko was also a member", "title": "Alexander Sizonenko" }, { "id": "6737950", "text": "and other attractions, including the famous \"Weighton Lash\". Christopher Greener who was the tallest living European for a period of time has taken part in the celebrations in the past. William Bradley (giant) William Bradley (10 February 1787 – 30 May 1820), known more commonly as Giant Bradley or the Yorkshire Giant, is the tallest recorded British man that ever lived, measuring . Bradley was taller than Bao Xishun, who was recognised as world's tallest living man by Guinness World Records between 2005 and 2007. Born in Market Weighton within the East Riding of Yorkshire, William was the fourth son", "title": "William Bradley (giant)" }, { "id": "10720112", "text": "Hussain Bisad Hussain Bisad (Born 1975) is the second tallest man in the world, at . He held the record for the largest hands of anyone alive until Sultan Kosen took the record. His hands are 10.59 inches or 26.9 cm long. He has size 50 feet and weighs . Doctors believe that Bisad has a condition called pituitary giantism, that makes growth continue after most people stop developing. Expert in abnormal growth Professor Mike Besser, from Bart’s Hospital, Central London, said he probably has a tumour in the pituitary gland behind his eyes. Hussain Bisad is originally from Somalia,", "title": "Hussain Bisad" }, { "id": "18849616", "text": "Bunch. The family had a memorial service, and his remains now lie in front of the Willow Bunch Museum. Édouard Beaupré Joseph Édouard Beaupré Piché (January 9, 1881 – July 3, 1904), known as Édouard Beaupré (), was a Canadian circus and freak show giant, wrestler, strongman, and star of Barnum and Bailey's circus. He was one of the tallest men in recorded history, with a reported height of . Édouard Beaupré was born in the southern Saskatchewan town of Willow Bunch on January 9, 1881. He was the first of 20 children born to Gaspard Beaupré and Florestine Piché,", "title": "Édouard Beaupré" }, { "id": "14321510", "text": "Giant George Giant George was a blue Great Dane previously recognised as the world's tallest living dog, and the tallest dog ever by Guinness World Records. There were originally conflicting media reports regarding his height, but the official measurement showed that he was three-quarters of an inch taller than the previous record holder, Titan (at at the withers) and an inch shorter than the subsequent record holder, Zeus. His records were announced as he appeared on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\" in February 2010. George was born on November 17, 2005, and was owned by David Nasser since George was 7", "title": "Giant George" }, { "id": "8924049", "text": "Jerry Sokoloski Jerry Sokoloski (born May 6, 1983, Winnipeg) is a Canadian actor and one of the tallest persons in Canada and softest guys in Canada. In November 2007, The Guinness Book of World Records measured him at 7 feet and 4 1/2 inches and in 2008, they certified him as the tallest man in Canada. He has sinces been surpassed by Sim Bhullar who measures 7'5\" tall. Sokolowski was measured whilst wearing sneakers with a heel height of 2\" on the Canadian morning show Breakfast Television at 7'4\". Sokoloski played high school basketball in Canada for Silverthorn Collegiate Institute", "title": "Jerry Sokoloski" }, { "id": "8985725", "text": "Julius Koch Julius Koch (1872 – 30 March 1902), also known as \"Le Geant Constantin\", was one of seventeen people in medical history who have surpassed eight feet (244 cm) in height. He was a victim of the malady eunuchoidal-infantile gigantism (daddy-longlegs syndrome). His height, 245.9 centimeters, (8 feet, 0.8 inches) was estimated, as his legs were amputated after they developed gangrene. He was probably never the world's tallest person due to his life coinciding with that of John Rogan, who likewise suffered from gigantism. Koch's femurs were the longest on record - 76 centimeters (29.9 inches) - and his", "title": "Julius Koch" }, { "id": "5270805", "text": "21.6 inches (54.6 cm). Gul Mohammed Gul Mohammed (February 15, 1957 – October 1, 1997) of New Delhi, India, according to Guinness World Records, was the shortest adult human being of his time whose existence and height have been independently verified. On July 19, 1990, he was examined by Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India, and he stood 1 foot 10.5 inches (57 cm) tall and weighed 37.5 lbs (17 kg). He died on October 1, 1997, from respiratory complications and after a long struggle with asthma and bronchitis. His record was broken by Chandra Bahadur Dangi of Nepal", "title": "Gul Mohammed" }, { "id": "5270804", "text": "Gul Mohammed Gul Mohammed (February 15, 1957 – October 1, 1997) of New Delhi, India, according to Guinness World Records, was the shortest adult human being of his time whose existence and height have been independently verified. On July 19, 1990, he was examined by Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India, and he stood 1 foot 10.5 inches (57 cm) tall and weighed 37.5 lbs (17 kg). He died on October 1, 1997, from respiratory complications and after a long struggle with asthma and bronchitis. His record was broken by Chandra Bahadur Dangi of Nepal whose height was just", "title": "Gul Mohammed" }, { "id": "7447432", "text": "Gabriel Estêvão Monjane Gabriel Estêvão Monjane (1944 – 1990) is one of only seventeen individuals in medical history to have reached eight feet or more in height. Born in Manjacaze, Gaza Province, Mozambique, Monjane's abnormal growth, attributed to an overactive pituitary gland, started soon after birth. By the time he was 17, Monjane stood 7 feet 10 inches. He joined a Portuguese circus. When measured officially in 1987, Monjane was 8 feet and three quarters of an inch. He also weighed 348 pounds. During his lifetime, especially late into his life, Monjane suffered leg problems. The \"Guinness Book of World", "title": "Gabriel Estêvão Monjane" }, { "id": "18845813", "text": "Gogea Mitu Gogea Mitu (born July 14, 1914 in Mârșani) was a Romanian boxer and the tallest Romanian in history (followed by Ghiţă Mureșan). Gogea Mitu is also listed by the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" as the tallest professional boxer. Mitu was born in Mârșani, near Craiova in 1914, the oldest of eleven children, his mother being only 16 when she delivered him. Mitu became world-famous because of his enormous stature. He is listed with various heights, among them and Because of these characteristics he was very sought after by doctors and scientists who wanted to know the reason", "title": "Gogea Mitu" }, { "id": "16478223", "text": "Frederick Kempster Frederick John Kempster (1889–1918) was an English showman, renowned for his extreme height and also known as the \"English Giant\" or \"Blackburn Giant\". He was tall, had an arm span of and weighed . Between 1967 and 1993 Kempster appeared in the \"Guinness Book of Records\" as one of the tallest men in England. Kempster was born on 13 April 1889 in London to Joseph and Jane Kempster and was the second youngest of four sons and three daughters. His mother described him as \"a jolly, laughing boy, of a very liberal and generous disposition\". On Christmas Day", "title": "Frederick Kempster" }, { "id": "10720113", "text": "and he hails from the Reer Sahal subdivision of the Issa Musse subclan of the Isaaq Somalis. He fled Somalia after being shot, and has been granted asylum in Britain, where he now lives. Hussain Bisad Hussain Bisad (Born 1975) is the second tallest man in the world, at . He held the record for the largest hands of anyone alive until Sultan Kosen took the record. His hands are 10.59 inches or 26.9 cm long. He has size 50 feet and weighs . Doctors believe that Bisad has a condition called pituitary giantism, that makes growth continue after most", "title": "Hussain Bisad" }, { "id": "18926921", "text": "surrounding the Burs Church, sometimes referred to as \"Burs kyrkby\". Located on the southeast coast of Gotland it is a flat country. Part of the farmland has been gained by draining the Rone and Lye mires, as well as the Lake Burs. One of the asteroids in the asteroid belt, 8681 Burs, is named after this place. Karl Gustaf Emmerik Edman (also known as The Giant) (4February 18823October 1912) born at Bondare in Burs and died in Finland, is probably Sweden's tallest man up to date. He is listed as the eleventh-tallest in the world in the Guinness Book of", "title": "Burs, Gotland" }, { "id": "14321515", "text": "Guinness World Records to publicize a variety of other pet-related record searches, including longest ears on a dog, smallest dog (length), oldest dog, smallest cat and oldest cat. Giant George Giant George was a blue Great Dane previously recognised as the world's tallest living dog, and the tallest dog ever by Guinness World Records. There were originally conflicting media reports regarding his height, but the official measurement showed that he was three-quarters of an inch taller than the previous record holder, Titan (at at the withers) and an inch shorter than the subsequent record holder, Zeus. His records were announced", "title": "Giant George" }, { "id": "1916227", "text": "Anna Bates died on August 5, 1888. Martin ordered a statue of her from Europe for her grave, sold the oversized house, and moved into the town. In 1897 he remarried, this time to a woman of normal stature, Annette LaVonne Weatherby and lived a mostly peaceful life until his death in 1919 of nephritis. Martin Van Buren Bates Martin Bates (November 9, 1837 – January 19, 1919), known as the \"Kentucky Giant\" was an American man famed for his great height. The Guinness Book of World Records and other reputable sources have him listed at being tall and weighing", "title": "Martin Van Buren Bates" }, { "id": "18849610", "text": "Édouard Beaupré Joseph Édouard Beaupré Piché (January 9, 1881 – July 3, 1904), known as Édouard Beaupré (), was a Canadian circus and freak show giant, wrestler, strongman, and star of Barnum and Bailey's circus. He was one of the tallest men in recorded history, with a reported height of . Édouard Beaupré was born in the southern Saskatchewan town of Willow Bunch on January 9, 1881. He was the first of 20 children born to Gaspard Beaupré and Florestine Piché, a Métis. When he started school at seven, he was of average height, but at nine he was already", "title": "Édouard Beaupré" }, { "id": "15680087", "text": "Junrey Balawing Junrey Balawing ( ; ; born June 12, 1993) is a Filipino and record holder at the Guinness World Records. Balawing is the world's shortest man alive measuring at tall. The declaration came during Balawing's 18th birthday celebration. Guinness World Records official said Balawing broke the record of Khagendra Thapa Magar of Nepal, who is tall. He stopped growing at the age of 1. Balawing, the son of a poor blacksmith, was born and lives in Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte, about south of the capital Manila. Although he was documented as the shortest living man, he missed the", "title": "Junrey Balawing" }, { "id": "11857314", "text": "John Rogan John William Bud Rogan (February 16, 1868 – September 12, 1905) was an American man who was the second tallest person in recorded history, surpassed only by Robert Wadlow. Rogan, the son of William Rogan, a former slave, was born in Hendersonville, Tennessee, on February 16, 1868. He was the fourth of twelve children. He began to grow very rapidly at the age of 13, leading to ankylosis (abnormal rigidity of the skeletal joints). The disease hindered, and by 1882, he could not stand or walk. By 1899, he had grown to a height of 8 ft 6", "title": "John Rogan" }, { "id": "9329600", "text": "Sultan Kösen Sultan Kösen (born 10 December 1982) is a Turkish-Kurdish farmer who holds the Guinness World Record for tallest living male at . His growth resulted from the condition acromegaly, caused by a tumour affecting his pituitary gland. His stature is such that he uses crutches in order to walk. In 2009, Kösen, a Kurd, lived with his parents, three brothers and sister, who are all of normal height. He was unable to complete his education because of his height, so instead worked part-time as a farmer. He describes the advantages of being tall as seeing a great distance", "title": "Sultan Kösen" }, { "id": "974036", "text": "Guinness World Records Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The brainchild of Sir Hugh Beaver, the book was co-founded by brothers Norris and Ross McWhirter in Fleet Street, London in August 1954. The book itself holds a world record, as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time. As of the 2019 edition, it is now in", "title": "Guinness World Records" }, { "id": "10566268", "text": "Lin Yü-chih Lin Yü-chih (林煜智; pinyin: Lín Yùzhì; b. ca. 1972) is the former shortest man in the world according to Guinness World Records. He resides in Taipei, Taiwan, where he works as an author and social activist. His name has sometimes been misspelled as Lin Yih-chih. In May 2008 he appeared in the British Channel 4 documentary called \"The World's Smallest Man and Me\" hosted by Mark Dolan. Lin suffers from osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic bone disorder that hinders normal growth of bone and bodily height. According to the Guinness Book of World Records he is 67.5 cm (2", "title": "Lin Yü-chih" }, { "id": "9329604", "text": "measured by \"Guinness World Records\" at and they also remeasured his hands at which broke his previous record. Sultan Kösen Sultan Kösen (born 10 December 1982) is a Turkish-Kurdish farmer who holds the Guinness World Record for tallest living male at . His growth resulted from the condition acromegaly, caused by a tumour affecting his pituitary gland. His stature is such that he uses crutches in order to walk. In 2009, Kösen, a Kurd, lived with his parents, three brothers and sister, who are all of normal height. He was unable to complete his education because of his height, so", "title": "Sultan Kösen" }, { "id": "6039715", "text": "Colonel Routh Goshen Routh Goshen, born Arthur James Caley (1824 – February 12, 1889) was most commonly known as Colonel Routh Goshen or the Arabian Giant or the Palestine Giant. He was billed as the tallest man in the world at 7 ft, 11 inches (2.41 m) and 620 pounds (280 kg) but was most likely no more than 7 ft, 5 inches (2.26 m) and 400 pounds (180 kg). His true origins were kept secret from the public during his performance years in the United States and were obscured by the many apocryphal biographies that were created to publicize", "title": "Colonel Routh Goshen" }, { "id": "11857316", "text": "join the carnival and side shows. Rogan's hands measured in length and his feet measured in length. He grew to tall but weighed only 205 pounds. Rogan is the tallest person of African descent, and remains the second tallest person on record, surpassed only by Robert Wadlow. Rogan died on September 12, 1905, due to complications from his ankylosis. John Rogan John William Bud Rogan (February 16, 1868 – September 12, 1905) was an American man who was the second tallest person in recorded history, surpassed only by Robert Wadlow. Rogan, the son of William Rogan, a former slave, was", "title": "John Rogan" }, { "id": "10566269", "text": "ft 2.58 in) tall. He is the founder of the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Association. Others have also claimed the 'Shortest Man' title. He Pingping, from China, measured 73 cm (2 ft 4.74 in) high and in 2007 was crowned as the world's shortest man who could walk. In 2006, Guinness World Records disallowed an application from a then fourteen-year-old Nepalese boy, Khagendra Thapa Magar, who has since turned 18 and taken the title of 'World's Shortest Man'. Lin Yü-chih Lin Yü-chih (林煜智; pinyin: Lín Yùzhì; b. ca. 1972) is the former shortest man in the world according to Guinness World Records.", "title": "Lin Yü-chih" }, { "id": "8013309", "text": "Al Tomaini Aurelio \"Al\" Tomaini (February 25, 1912 - August 30, 1962), was once the world's tallest individual. Tomaini claimed a height of 8 feet, 5½ inches; however, he was really 7 feet, 4 inches. Tomaini was the son of Santo Tomaini and Maria Bossone. At the age of 12, he was taller than his father, who stood 6 feet, 3 inches tall. He had a great-grandfather in Italy who was also of abnormal height. His parents consulted a physician who, through the use of X-rays, discovered the cause of his giantism to be an over-active pituitary gland. Tomaini was", "title": "Al Tomaini" }, { "id": "7104359", "text": "188 cm (6'2\"). He started an abnormal period of growth when he was 10 years old. The Guinness Book of World Records confirmed Koehler at a standing height of 249 cm (8'2\") tall at his peak. His twin sister was 175 cm (5'9\") for a record difference of 74 cm (29\") between the two twins as recognized by Guinness. As a youth, Koehler lived with his family on the north side of Chicago, attending Amundsen High School. He did some work for local auto dealer Jim Moran, demonstrating the spaciousness of the Hudson Motor Car Company's so called \"step down", "title": "Don Koehler" }, { "id": "4018057", "text": "Väinö Myllyrinne Väinö Myllyrinne (27 February 1909 – 13 April 1963)) was an acromegalic giant who was at one time (1940?–1963) the world's tallest living person, and may have become the tallest after the death of Robert Wadlow. He stood and weighed at the age of 21, but experienced a second phase of growth in his late thirties, attaining a height of and weighing 376 pounds. Myllyrinne was born in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland, and is considered the tallest soldier ever, having served in the Finnish Defence Forces. He underwent his conscript training in 1929 in the Viipuri Heavy", "title": "Väinö Myllyrinne" }, { "id": "13010359", "text": "George Bell (basketball) George Bell (born 1957) is the former tallest man in the United States at as recognized by Guinness World Records. Igor Vovkovinskiy was declared the tallest living man in the United States in 2010. He is a deputy sheriff in Norfolk, Virginia and previously played college basketball at Morris Brown College, Biola University and with the Harlem Wizards and Harlem Globetrotters show teams. Bell was featured on the AMC show Freakshow, throughout its two seasons. In an interview for the show, he revealed that he had appeared as an alien who landed on top of the L.A.", "title": "George Bell (basketball)" }, { "id": "16031559", "text": "Brahim Takioullah Brahim Takioullah (born 26 January 1982 in Guelmim, Morocco) is a Moroccan man who formerly held the \"Guinness World Record\" for largest feet and is officially the second-tallest living person. Takioullah was born in Guelmim, Morocco, in 1982. At the age of 18, he had been asked by his school doctor to get a blood test, for his \"unusual\" size. Diagnosed with acromegaly, Takioullah, in a single year had a metre high growth spurt. After obtaining his university degree in geography, a French doctor brought Takioullah to Paris in 2006, for treatment. His treatment was successful as his", "title": "Brahim Takioullah" }, { "id": "5488077", "text": "2007. The Mongolian ceremony took place on July 12, 2007. Bao's son was born at a hospital in Zunhua, Hebei province October 2, 2008. Bao appeared on the eleventh episode of \"The Amazing Race 16\" as the pitstop greeter. The episode aired on May 2, 2010. Bao Xishun Xishun Bao (also known as Xi Shun; born 2 November 1951) is a herdsman from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China, recognized by \"Guinness World Records\" as one of the world's tallest living men. He was formerly certified as the tallest living man by the Guinness World Records. However, on September 17, 2009, Sultan", "title": "Bao Xishun" }, { "id": "16478227", "text": "'The British Giant'. Frederick Kempster Frederick John Kempster (1889–1918) was an English showman, renowned for his extreme height and also known as the \"English Giant\" or \"Blackburn Giant\". He was tall, had an arm span of and weighed . Between 1967 and 1993 Kempster appeared in the \"Guinness Book of Records\" as one of the tallest men in England. Kempster was born on 13 April 1889 in London to Joseph and Jane Kempster and was the second youngest of four sons and three daughters. His mother described him as \"a jolly, laughing boy, of a very liberal and generous disposition\".", "title": "Frederick Kempster" }, { "id": "13998794", "text": "his entry into the competition. Previous pictures showing an accurate measurement of 39 1/8 inches at the shoulder and 43 inches when incorrectly measured at the head have since been removed from his website. George has just been named the tallest dog in the world by Guinness World Records after a judge was sent to verify it, beating out Titan by only a quarter of an inch. However the 2010 edition of the Guinness Book of Records was published on 17 September 2009 listing the former record holder, Gibson, still as the world's tallest dog. Titan's record was announced on", "title": "Titan (dog)" }, { "id": "15680088", "text": "title of shortest man in history, which was held until 2012 by Gul Mohammed of India, who was tall and died on October 1, 1997. In February 2012, Chandra Bahadur Dangi of Nepal, who stands tall was declared the world's shortest living man. As a result, Junrey held the record for less than a year. Following the death of Chandra Bahadur Dangi on September 3, 2015, Balawing now holds the title of the shortest living man. Junrey Balawing Junrey Balawing ( ; ; born June 12, 1993) is a Filipino and record holder at the Guinness World Records. Balawing is", "title": "Junrey Balawing" }, { "id": "4764922", "text": "twenty-storied tower. A third record was submitted by F. M. Hollams of England, with a tower of twenty-five stories, in February 1903. Other record holders (without bending or altering the cards) include: Berg has since kept the record and created many sub-records. He currently holds the world record for tallest house of cards, a \"skyscraper\" completed at the State Fair of Texas on October 14, 2007. He also holds the record for the \"largest\" house of cards, a category Guinness invented for the event, for a replica of Cinderella's Castle at Walt Disney World. On March 10, 2010, Berg broke", "title": "House of cards" }, { "id": "9697819", "text": "Mounir Fourar Mounir Fourar (born in Batna, Algeria, the November 28, 1972 – 3 January 2012) was one of the tallest men in the world. He claimed a height of 2.44 m (8 ft), however, this has not been independently verified. His shoe size was 64, suit size was 160, his hand measured 28 centimeters and he weighed 396 pounds (180 kg). He suffered an acromegaly gigantism within an adenoma of his pituitary gland at the age of 12, he grew of 7 cm per month (84 cm on one year). He underwent five operations in a hospital in Algiers", "title": "Mounir Fourar" }, { "id": "13286656", "text": "Zhao Liang (circus performer) Zhao Liang is a circus performer from Henan in China. In April 2009, doctors in Tianjin measured his height at . If confirmed, this would make him the second tallest living person after Sultan Kösen, but taller than previous record holder Bao Xishun who has been measured by the Guinness World Records as . Leonid Stadnyk, reported to be tall, briefly held the title, but was disqualified due to his refusal to be measured. Zhao played basketball until ligament damage to his left foot in 2001. His 2009 hospital trip related to this injury as he", "title": "Zhao Liang (circus performer)" }, { "id": "20280110", "text": "world peered into the ornamental door of the family vault to see the contrast of Porter's casket next to the casket of normal size. The vault soon fell into disrepair and was torn down by 1900. Today only a concrete marker remains. Jim Porter (giant) James D. Porter, known as \"Big Jim\" Porter (December 15, 1811 – April 25, 1859) was an American tavern keeper and coach driver. in the mid-nineteenth century and internationally famous as the tallest man in the country. Porter stood 7 feet 8 inches tall, weighed 300 pounds, had hands 13 inches long from the wrist", "title": "Jim Porter (giant)" }, { "id": "7033573", "text": "of the Soviet national team and appeared on its behalf for 12 games. He lived in Saint Petersburg, was divorced and had a son Alexander born in 1994. In 2011 he was moved to a hospital in St. Petersburg, where he died on 5 January 2012. He was 52. ? Alexander Sizonenko Alexander Alekseyevich Sizonenko (; ; 20 July 1959 – 5 January 2012) was a Soviet basketball player. Sizonenko was born in the city of Zaporizhia, Ukrainian SSR. Possibly the tallest person to have ever played professional basketball, he was measured by Guinness World Records at and named the", "title": "Alexander Sizonenko" }, { "id": "7447433", "text": "Records\" stated that he was the tallest living man in their 1988 edition. Monjane died in January 1990 after a fall at his home, after which Suleiman Ali Nashnush, another African, was named the tallest living man. Gabriel Estêvão Monjane Gabriel Estêvão Monjane (1944 – 1990) is one of only seventeen individuals in medical history to have reached eight feet or more in height. Born in Manjacaze, Gaza Province, Mozambique, Monjane's abnormal growth, attributed to an overactive pituitary gland, started soon after birth. By the time he was 17, Monjane stood 7 feet 10 inches. He joined a Portuguese circus.", "title": "Gabriel Estêvão Monjane" }, { "id": "15083860", "text": "the Ed Haas Mens Store in Houghton tailored clothes for Louis and special ordered size 19 shoes, and size 9 stetson hats. Moilanen may have been one of the tallest men in the world at one time, said to be 246.5 cm (8' 1) tall at his peak, although this remains unconfirmed. In 1913, he became violently ill, and died from tubercular meningitis of the brain. He was buried in a coffin that was 9 feet long and 3 feet wide, and laid to rest at the Lakeside Cemetery just west of Hancock. Louis Moilanen Lauri \"Louis\" or \"Big Louie\"", "title": "Louis Moilanen" }, { "id": "4752235", "text": "2007. Longer than the pencil outside the Malaysia HQ of stationers Faber-Castell, it was transported from Queens, New York, to the City Museum in St. Louis. In April 2009 Furman became the first person to hold 100 Guinness World Records at once. Ashrita Furman Ashrita Furman (born Keith Furman, September 16, 1954) is a \"Guinness World Records\" record-breaker. As of 2017, Furman has set more than 600 official Guinness Records and currently holds 226 records. His most recent record is 26 watermelons sliced on his stomach in one minute thus holding the record for the most Guinness world records. He", "title": "Ashrita Furman" }, { "id": "7101725", "text": "known as Daddy Long-Legs Syndrome. He was the tallest person in the world at the time of his death when, like Robert Wadlow, he was still growing. He reportedly wore size 24 (American) shoes. Bernard Coyne died in 1921. He is buried in Anthon, Iowa, in a specially-made, extra-large coffin. Bernard Coyne (giant) Bernard A. Coyne (July 27, 1897May 20, 1921) is one of only 17 individuals in medical history to have stood 8 feet tall or more. Coyne may have reached a height of tall at the time of his death in 1921. His World War I draft registration", "title": "Bernard Coyne (giant)" }, { "id": "4925260", "text": "Sun Mingming Sun Mingming (, born August 23, 1983) is a Chinese professional basketball player and actor. He is the tallest professional basketball player in the world, and was measured by the Guinness World Records as tall. He was born in a small town near Bayan County, Harbin in Heilongjiang Province, China. He has two siblings: a brother and a sister. He did not start playing basketball until he was 15 years old. Sun attended and played basketball at Ventura College, a community college in Ventura, CA. He played basketball there for only the 2005–2006 season, before moving on to", "title": "Sun Mingming" }, { "id": "2371018", "text": "then with the Montreal Expos, collided head-first with outfielder Tim Raines, prompting his teammate to exclaim, \"You're a big unit!\" The nickname stuck. Throughout much of his career, Johnson held the title of tallest player in MLB history. Former pitcher Eric Hillman and current pitchers Andrew Sisco, Andrew Brackman, and Chris Young have also been measured at 6'10\". The title of tallest player, , is held by Johnson's former Diamondback teammate Jon Rauch, a relief pitcher who is 6'11\". Johnson guest starred in \"The Simpsons\" episode \"Bart Has Two Mommies\", which aired on March 19, 2006. Johnson appeared in the", "title": "Randy Johnson" }, { "id": "7104361", "text": "it was a job that spared him from living in any \"freak show business\". Later in life, he suffered from the medical condition kyphosis, resulting in (often severe) curvature of the spine. Koehler died in 1981 in Chicago from a reported heart condition, by which time he was estimated to be about 239 cm (7'10\") tall. He was 55 years old. Don Koehler Donald A. Koehler (September 1, 1925 – February 26, 1981) is one of 17 known people in medical history to reach a height of 8 feet (2.44 m) or more. He was generally recognized as the tallest", "title": "Don Koehler" }, { "id": "13147046", "text": "Renaud Lavillenie Renaud Lavillenie ( or ; born 18 September 1986) is a French pole vaulter. He is the current world record holder, with a height of set indoors on 15 February 2014. Lavillenie won gold medal at the 2012 Olympics in London and silver medal at the 2016 Olympics in Rio. In addition to his Olympic victories, he has won three World Indoor Championships gold medals (record), three European Championships gold medals and four European Indoor Championships gold medals. He has also won one silver medal and four bronze medals at the World Championships. As of 25 August 2016,", "title": "Renaud Lavillenie" }, { "id": "974045", "text": "of charge. There is an administration fee of $5 to propose a new record title. A number of spin-off books and television series have also been produced. \"Guinness World Records\" bestowed the record of \"Person with the most records\" on Ashrita Furman of Queens, NY in April 2009. At that time, he held 100 records. In 2005, Guinness designated 9 November as \"International Guinness World Records Day\" to encourage breaking of world records. In 2006, an estimated 100,000 people participated in over 10 countries. Guinness reported 2,244 new records in 12 months, which was a 173% increase over the previous", "title": "Guinness World Records" }, { "id": "3603656", "text": "Human height Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect. It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial system. A particular genetic profile in men called Y haplotype I-M170 is correlated with height. Ecological data shows that as the frequency of this genetic profile increases in the population, the average male height in a country also increases. Studies show that there is a correlation between small stature and a", "title": "Human height" }, { "id": "20280103", "text": "Jim Porter (giant) James D. Porter, known as \"Big Jim\" Porter (December 15, 1811 – April 25, 1859) was an American tavern keeper and coach driver. in the mid-nineteenth century and internationally famous as the tallest man in the country. Porter stood 7 feet 8 inches tall, weighed 300 pounds, had hands 13 inches long from the wrist to the tip of the middle finger and feet that were 14 ½ inches long. Upon meeting him, Charles Dickens wrote in his 1842 travelogue \"American Notes and Pictures of Italy\" that Porter walked in a crowd as a lighthouse among lampposts.", "title": "Jim Porter (giant)" }, { "id": "4925263", "text": "(423.47 cm). Sun Mingming Sun Mingming (, born August 23, 1983) is a Chinese professional basketball player and actor. He is the tallest professional basketball player in the world, and was measured by the Guinness World Records as tall. He was born in a small town near Bayan County, Harbin in Heilongjiang Province, China. He has two siblings: a brother and a sister. He did not start playing basketball until he was 15 years old. Sun attended and played basketball at Ventura College, a community college in Ventura, CA. He played basketball there for only the 2005–2006 season, before moving", "title": "Sun Mingming" }, { "id": "6937988", "text": "Born 6 June 1878. Died 28 August 1912. Tallest man in the world. His height was 3 arshins 9 vershoks [254 centimetres] tall\"). This index was taken from a 16-year-old Feodor contract. But after 16 years of age, Feodor Machnow continued to grow, and added 31 cm, reaching 282 cm. Machnow's wife, Efrosinja wanted to correct the incorrect figure on the monument, but was prevented from doing so because of the beginning of the First World War and then the Revolution. Unfortunately Machnow's wife could not verify this version. This exaggeration may have been because he wore a huge Cossack", "title": "Feodor Machnow" }, { "id": "6171483", "text": "Britton Keeshan Britton Keeshan (born December 1, 1981) is one of the youngest people to climb the tallest mountains on all seven continents in a feat known as the Seven Summits. He accomplished this feat on May 24, 2004, when he successfully summited Mount Everest at the age of 22 years and 179 days old. Keeshan held the record until June 2005 and is now listed as fourth on the list. Keeshan is the grandson of Bob Keeshan, the children's performer better known as Captain Kangaroo. He had a close relationship with his grandfather, and he buried a photo of", "title": "Britton Keeshan" }, { "id": "13746271", "text": "Gibson (dog) Gibson (April 26, 2002 – August 7, 2009) was a Harlequin Great Dane living in Grass Valley, California, United States recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the \"World's Tallest Dog\" in 2004, displacing \"Harvey\", the previous record holder. While his owner Sandy Hall claims Gibson was tall measured from the ground to the top of his withers and weighs . the official report of the Guinness World Records state that Gibson was tall. Gibson was a certified therapy dog and appeared, wearing his trademark bandanna, on several television shows including \"The Tonight Show\", \"The Oprah", "title": "Gibson (dog)" }, { "id": "5413575", "text": "Junrey Balawing joined the list of Guinness World Records as the shortest man on earth. He was born on April 15, 1993 in Sindangan. He is the son of a poor blacksmith and measures tall. In February 2012, Chandra Bahadur Dangi of Nepal, who stands 54.6 centimetres (21.5 in) tall was declared the world's shortest living man. As a result, Junrey held the record for less than a year. Following the death of Chandra Bahadur Dangi on September 3, 2015, Balawing now holds the title of the shortest living man. General Alexander B. Yano was appointed on May 12, 2008", "title": "Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte" }, { "id": "974042", "text": "by Guinness PLC and subsequently Diageo until 2001, when it was purchased by Gullane Entertainment. Gullane was itself purchased by HIT Entertainment in 2002. In 2006, Apax Partners purchased HiT and subsequently sold Guinness World Records in early 2008 to the Jim Pattison Group, the parent company of Ripley Entertainment, which is licensed to operate Guinness World Records' Attractions. With offices in New York City and Tokyo, Guinness World Records' global headquarters remain in London, while its museum attractions are based at Ripley headquarters in Orlando, Florida, US. Recent editions have focused on record feats by person competitors. Competitions range", "title": "Guinness World Records" }, { "id": "14321513", "text": "but they found that there wasn't enough room for George and instead flew the following day. George died on October 17, 2013. Conflicting reports were made of George's height, so a Guinness judge was sent to verify it. Craig Glenday, Editor-in-Chief of Guinness World Records explained, \"This is a hotly contested record and after some controversy and conflicting media reports we decided to send our own official adjudicator to put the final stamp on this record holder.\" The measurement by veterinarian Jim Boulay and witnessed by Guinness representative Jamie Panas showed that George was three-quarters of an inch larger than", "title": "Giant George" }, { "id": "10572976", "text": "He Pingping He Pingping (; 13 July 1988 – 13 March 2010) was a Chinese citizen and, according to the \"Guinness World Records\", one time world's shortest mobile man. He measured 74 cm (2 ft 5 in) tall, and was the third child of a family in Huade county, in the city of Ulanqab in northern China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. He had two sisters, both of whom developed at normal rates. According to his father, He Yun, at birth he was small enough to fit in the palm of his parents' hands. When it became apparent the child was", "title": "He Pingping" }, { "id": "6937989", "text": "fur hat, and tall boots which added a foot to his height. Although, if this was accurate, he would have been taller than Robert Wadlow, now cited as the world's tallest man. Machnow died in 1912 due to pneumonia and likely complications of Acromegaly although there are other versions of the story. Some believed he had been poisoned by rivals or envious competitors (Machnow was a rather well known wrestler), but no evidence for this is available. He was the father of four children none of whom reached a height greater than two meters. Feodor Machnow Feodor Machnow (Russian: Фёдор", "title": "Feodor Machnow" }, { "id": "14321511", "text": "weeks old. While measured 42 5/8 inches high (108.3 cm) at the midpoint of the neck and wrongly advertised by Guinness as 43 inches (109.2 cm) at the withers, his legitimate height was 39 1/8 inches (99.4 cm) at the withers according to GPCA Illustrated Standard and he weighed , which is about more than an average Great Dane. At the time of his death, Giant George resided in Tucson, Arizona. At home he slept in a queen-sized bed, and one of his hobbies was to ride around his family's neighborhood in a golf cart. While traveling to Chicago for", "title": "Giant George" }, { "id": "16124402", "text": "shorter than Sturgess) was, at the time, the shortest Globetrotter player ever. Sturgess wears a size 18 shoe. He is the tallest man in Britain after Neil Fingleton (who was tall) died unexpectedly on 25 February 2017. Examinations as a teenager revealed that his growth is healthy and not the result of disorder, but rather he possesses familial tall stature—that is to say his height is genetic. His biological father is , and there are other tall members in his family although his mother is and his younger sister is . He featured prominently in the 2007 ITV1 television documentary", "title": "Paul Sturgess (basketball)" }, { "id": "9697820", "text": "before stopping his growing. In Algeria, Mounir took part in hidden camera TV shows. Mounir Fourar Mounir Fourar (born in Batna, Algeria, the November 28, 1972 – 3 January 2012) was one of the tallest men in the world. He claimed a height of 2.44 m (8 ft), however, this has not been independently verified. His shoe size was 64, suit size was 160, his hand measured 28 centimeters and he weighed 396 pounds (180 kg). He suffered an acromegaly gigantism within an adenoma of his pituitary gland at the age of 12, he grew of 7 cm per month", "title": "Mounir Fourar" }, { "id": "4752230", "text": "Ashrita Furman Ashrita Furman (born Keith Furman, September 16, 1954) is a \"Guinness World Records\" record-breaker. As of 2017, Furman has set more than 600 official Guinness Records and currently holds 226 records. His most recent record is 26 watermelons sliced on his stomach in one minute thus holding the record for the most Guinness world records. He has been breaking records since 1979. Furman was born in 1954 in Brooklyn, New York. He was fascinated with the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" as a child but never thought he could ever break a record, since he was very nonathletic.", "title": "Ashrita Furman" }, { "id": "4014022", "text": "problems. Sheikh Khalifa is also chairman of Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, which manages $875 billion in assets, the largest amount managed by a nation's head of state in the world. Collectively, the Al Nahyan family is believed to hold a fortune of $150 billion. On 4 January 2010, the world's tallest man-made structure, originally known as Burj Dubai, was renamed the Burj Khalifa in honor of the Sheikh. Sheikh Khalifa was born to Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan and Sheikha Hassa bint Mohammed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan in Abu Dhabi (then part of the Trucial States), in 1948. He", "title": "Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan" }, { "id": "19771305", "text": "of the last summit, Mt. McKinley on 31 May 2010. This record is for 133 days and for this Tejas was given a Guinness World Record. Vernon Tejas Vernon \"Vern\" Tejas is an American mountain climber and mountain guide. He is the current world record holder in the amount of time taken to summit all of the Seven Summits consecutively, having also previously held the same record. He was also the first person to solo summit several of the world's tallest peaks. Tejas was named one of the top fifty Alaskan athletes of the twentieth century by \"Sports Illustrated\" in", "title": "Vernon Tejas" }, { "id": "14969503", "text": "the monument was completed in mid-October 2018; and the inaugural ceremony was held on 31 October 2018, presided over by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The statue has been described as a tribute to Indian engineering skills. The Statue of Unity is the world's tallest statue at . It rises higher than the previous record holder, the Spring Temple Buddha in China's Henan province. Within India, the record was earlier held by the statue of Hanuman at the Paritala Anjaneya Temple near Vijayawada in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The statue can be seen within a radius. The monument is constructed", "title": "Statue of Unity" }, { "id": "974043", "text": "from obvious ones such as Olympic weightlifting to the longest egg tossing distances, or for longest time spent playing \"Grand Theft Auto IV\" or the number of hot dogs that can be consumed in three minutes. Besides records about competitions, it contains such facts such as the heaviest tumour, the most poisonous fungus, the longest-running soap opera and the most valuable life-insurance policy, among others. Many records also relate to the youngest people to have achieved something, such as the youngest person to visit all nations of the world (Maurizio Giuliano). Each edition contains a selection of the records from", "title": "Guinness World Records" }, { "id": "5825358", "text": "of Byrne, stating that he was 8'7\" in height. An exhumation of his bones in 1972 showed that his true height was 8'1\". The book also mentions a sort of kinship with two other Irish giants known simply as 'The Brothers Knipe' who both stood 7'2\" each. They were recognised by the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" as the tallest identical twins in history. In 2010, poet Moyra Donaldson from Northern Ireland published the anthology Miracle Fruit which featured a poem inspired by Charles Byrne called 'The Skeleton of the Great Irish Giant'. Author Tessa Harris also made him one", "title": "Charles Byrne (giant)" }, { "id": "6145555", "text": "lost 141–138. On 28 December 2011, North Korean television showed footage from the funeral of Kim Jong-il in which an unusually tall person was seen in the crowd. The person was speculated to have been Ri Myung Hun. Ri Myung-hun Ri Myung-Hun (born 14 September 1967), also known as Michael Ri after his favorite basketball player Michael Jordan, is a former North Korean basketball player. Ri played the center position for the national basketball team of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Once proclaimed to be the tallest living human being in the world, he stands 7'8 ½\" (2.35 m)", "title": "Ri Myung-hun" }, { "id": "15114766", "text": "in time for the opening of the Eurovision Song Contest 2012. National Flag Square National Flag Square () is a large city square off Neftchiler Avenue in Bayil, Baku, Azerbaijan. A flag measuring flies on a pole high. The flagpole was confirmed as the world's tallest by the Guinness Book of Records, but was soon overtaken by the 165 m Dushanbe Flagpole in Tajikistan. Both flagpoles were built by the same American affiliated company, Trident Support. National Flag Square covers overall. The area of the upper part is . The square features the state symbols of Azerbaijan—the coat of arms", "title": "National Flag Square" }, { "id": "8924050", "text": "before transferring to Chinguacousy High School and Father Henry Carr Catholic Secondary School. He missed his senior season due to eligibility issues after transferring schools. He did not play college basketball but declared himself eligible for the NBA draft in 2004 and had workouts with a number of NBA teams but was not drafted. Jerry Sokoloski Jerry Sokoloski (born May 6, 1983, Winnipeg) is a Canadian actor and one of the tallest persons in Canada and softest guys in Canada. In November 2007, The Guinness Book of World Records measured him at 7 feet and 4 1/2 inches and in", "title": "Jerry Sokoloski" }, { "id": "7827303", "text": "Ted van der Parre Ted van der Parre (born 21 September 1955) is a former strongman from the Netherlands who won the World's Strongest Man contest in 1992 and was 4th in 1991. He also participated in 1994 when he finished 8th, having to drop out after the second event due to a calf injury. At 7 ft (213 cm) and 350 lb (159 kg), Van der Parre is the tallest man ever to compete in the World's Strongest Man contest, and also has the lowest WSM BMI of 35. He also won the Netherlands Strongest Man contest in 1991,", "title": "Ted van der Parre" }, { "id": "16324292", "text": "Medical Center in Pago Pago. His exact cause of death was not disclosed, although \"The Kathmandu Post\" reported that he had previously been suffering from pneumonia. He had been touring the South Pacific for much of the year with Samoa's Tupa'l Bruno's Magic Circus. Chandra Bahadur Dangi Chandra Bahadur Dangi (30 November 1939 – 3 September 2015) (, ) was the shortest man in recorded history for whom there is irrefutable evidence, measuring . Dangi was a primordial dwarf. He broke the record of Gul Mohammed (1957–97), whose height was . He came to the attention of the media when", "title": "Chandra Bahadur Dangi" }, { "id": "7064611", "text": "Henry Hite Henry Hite (May 1, 1915 – May 26, 1978) born Henry Marion Mullens, was an American actor, stage performer, media personality and spokesperson who was well known for making personal appearances promoting the Corn King brand (Wilson Certified Meats trade-name) as the \"Corn King Giant\", and for the occasional movie that would capitalize on his height. Although promoted as \"the world's tallest man\" at 8 ft 2 in, his actual height was 7 ft 6¾ in (2.31 m). At age 18, he changed his name to 'Hite' and partnered with 'Lowe' (Roland Picaro), to form a Vaudeville act,", "title": "Henry Hite" }, { "id": "8568822", "text": "he also sent some photos of Channa he had taken at the circus. Months later some officials from Guinness landed in Sindh’s capital city, Karachi, and from there they reached Sehwan where they met and measured Channa. They measured him at being 7 ft 7 inches. On their return to the UK, the men entered Channa’s name in the Guinness book as the tallest living human on earth. In 1998 his kidneys began to fail. The government decided to send him to the US and finance his treatment. But in a US hospital, he slipped into a coma and died,", "title": "Alam Channa" }, { "id": "766242", "text": "surface. The area that was cleared for construction of the original World Trade Center complex was previously occupied by various electronics stores in what was called Radio Row. These streets and stores were demolished in the 1960s to make way for the World Trade Center. At the time of their completion the \"Twin Towers\"—the original 1 World Trade Center (the North Tower), at 1,368 ft (417 metres), and 2 World Trade Center (the South Tower)—were the tallest buildings in the world. The other buildings in the complex included the Marriott World Trade Center (3 WTC), 4 WTC, 5 WTC, 6", "title": "World Trade Center site" }, { "id": "16208888", "text": "Brenden Adams Brenden Adams (born September 20, 1995 in Ellensburg, Washington) is an American who previously held the record for being the tallest teenager in the world. His father, Willie Adams, and mother, Debbie Ezell, first observed his extreme height condition when he was two months old. The condition is caused by an inversion in the 12th chromosome. His activities include joining a middle school football team. In 2008, there was an attempt to halt Brenden's growth when he was tall. Adams' growth curve almost mimics that of Robert Wadlow (the tallest man in recorded history). Some doctors estimate he", "title": "Brenden Adams" }, { "id": "8078935", "text": "Yao Defen Yao Defen () of China, (July 15, 1972 – November 13, 2012) was the tallest living woman, as recognized by Guinness World Records. She stood at 234 centimetres (7 ft 8 in) tall, weighed , and had size 23 (US) feet. Her gigantism was due to a tumor in her pituitary gland. Yao Defen was born to poor farmers in the town of Liuan in the Anhui province of Shucheng County. At birth she weighed . When she was eleven years old she was about 180 centimetres (6 ft 2 in) tall. She was 206 centimetres (6 ft", "title": "Yao Defen" } ]

[ "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar" ]

[ { "id": "5571988", "text": "Erving (won MVP awards in both the ABA and NBA), Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (6 time MVP), Magic Johnson (3 time MVP), Larry Bird (3 time MVP), Michael Jordan (6 time finals MVP), John Stockton (#1 in career assists and steals), Karl Malone (14 time all NBA team), Kobe Bryant (NBA's third all-time leading scorer), Tim Duncan (15-time NBA all-star), Shaquille O'Neal (3 time finals MVP) and Jason Kidd (#2 in career assists and steals). Notable players in the NBA today include LeBron James (4 MVP awards), Stephen Curry (2 time MVP), Dwyane Wade (10 time all-star), and Kevin Durant (MVP, 4", "title": "Sports in the United States" }, { "id": "3065995", "text": "the award a record six times. He is also the only player to win the award despite his team not making the playoffs back in the season. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice. Only two rookies have", "title": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "223617", "text": "reached the NBA Finals 10 times. At the time of his retirement in 1989, Abdul-Jabbar was the NBA's all-time leader in points scored (38,387), games played (1,560), minutes played (57,446), field goals made (15,837), field goal attempts (28,307), blocked shots (3,189), defensive rebounds (9,394), career wins (1,074), and personal fouls (4,657). He remains the all-time leader in points scored and career wins. He is ranked third all-time in both rebounds and blocked shots. In 2007, ESPN voted him the greatest center of all time, in 2008, they named him the \"greatest player in college basketball history\", and in 2016, they", "title": "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar" }, { "id": "4481375", "text": "in field goal percentage in four consecutive seasons, including a career-best 67% during the 1980–81 season — at the time, the third-highest percentage in NBA history. At the time of his retirement, Gilmore was the NBA's career leader in field goal percentage (minimum 2,000 shots made) with 59.9%. In April 2011, Gilmore was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame located in Springfield, Massachusetts. In alphabetical order, entering the 2011 class with Gilmore were nine former players and coaches: Teresa Edwards, Herb Magee, Chris Mullin, Dennis Rodman, Arvydas Sabonis, Tom \"Satch\" Sanders, Reece \"Goose\" Tatum, Tara VanDerVeer, and", "title": "Artis Gilmore" }, { "id": "223650", "text": "he was stronger shooting the skyhook with his right hand than he was with his left. According to Abdul-Jabbar, he learned the move in fifth grade after practicing with the Mikan Drill and soon learned to value it, as it was \"the only shot I could use that didn't get smashed back in my face\". Abdul-Jabbar is the NBA's all-time leading scorer with 38,387 points and won a league-record six MVP awards. He earned six championship rings, two Finals MVP awards, fifteen NBA First or Second Teams, a record nineteen NBA All-Star call-ups and averaging 24.6 points, 11.2 rebounds, 3.6", "title": "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar" }, { "id": "3486590", "text": "played in only 64 games, averaging just 17.3 minutes per game. His entire NBA career was spent with the Utah Jazz. In 875 games, he scored 5,216 points, grabbed 6,939 rebounds, and blocked 3,064 shots. At the time of his retirement, he ranked second all-time in league history in total blocked shots, behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar's career total of 3,189. Abdul-Jabbar played 1,560 games to Eaton's 875. (However, statistics for blocked shots were not kept until the 1973–74 season, missing the first four seasons of Abdul-Jabbar's career.) Eaton is currently the NBA's all-time leader in blocks per game, with a career", "title": "Mark Eaton (basketball)" }, { "id": "5343181", "text": "award. Since its inception, the award has been given to 31 different players. No player has ever won the award twice. The most recent recipient is Victor Oladipo. Boris Diaw and Kevin Love are the only award winners to win an NBA Championship. Rony Seikaly, Gheorghe Mureșan, Boris Diaw, Hedo Türkoğlu, Goran Dragić, and Giannis Antetokounmpo are the only award winners not born in the United States; all but Seikaly were also trained completely outside the U.S. (Seikaly played college basketball at Syracuse). Only Alvin Robertson, Dana Barros, Tracy McGrady, Jermaine O'Neal, Danny Granger, Kevin Love, Paul George, Jimmy Butler,", "title": "NBA Most Improved Player Award" }, { "id": "3065996", "text": "won the award: Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968–69 season. Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria, Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered \"international players\" by the NBA. Stephen Curry in 2015–16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously. Shaquille O'Neal in 1999–2000 and LeBron James in 2012–13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection, both receiving 120 of 121 votes. Russell Westbrook, is the first to have played for a team", "title": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "3326099", "text": "Kapono won the three point shootout back-to-back years in 2007 and 2008, James Jones won the three point shootout in 2011, Leandro Barbosa won the Sixth Man Award in 2007, Kyle Korver set the NBA record for three point shooting percentage in 2010 (53.6%), and in the 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2013 seasons LeBron James won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award, and the NBA Finals MVP in 2012, 2013 and 2016. Carmelo Anthony won the 2013 NBA Scoring Title and is the only player in NBA history to win at least three Olympic gold medals. Zaza Pachulia won NBA", "title": "2003 NBA draft" }, { "id": "1881365", "text": "and Finals MVP awards in the same season. His Rockets won back-to-back championships against the New York Knicks (avenging his college championship loss to Patrick Ewing), and Shaquille O'Neal's Orlando Magic. In 1996, Olajuwon was a member of the Olympic gold-medal-winning United States national team, and was selected as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History. He ended his career as the league's all-time leader in blocks (3,830) and is one of four NBA players to record a quadruple-double. Hakeem Olajuwon was born to Salim and Abike Olajuwon, working class Yoruba owners of a cement business in Lagos.", "title": "Hakeem Olajuwon" }, { "id": "274539", "text": "MVP awards in a career (since equaled by Hakeem Olajuwon, David Robinson, and Kevin Garnett; Olajuwon is the only player other than Jordan to win both during the same season). In addition, he set both seasonal and career records for blocked shots by a guard, and combined this with his ball-thieving ability to become a standout defensive player. He ranks third in NBA history in total steals with 2,514, trailing John Stockton and Jason Kidd. Jerry West often stated that he was more impressed with Jordan's defensive contributions than his offensive ones. He was also known to have strong eyesight;", "title": "Michael Jordan" }, { "id": "274542", "text": "Finals-winning shot against the Jazz, he was well known throughout the league as a clutch performer. In the regular season, Jordan was the Bulls' primary threat in the final seconds of a close game and in the playoffs; he would always ask for the ball at crunch time. Jordan's total of 5,987 points in the playoffs is the second-highest in NBA history. He retired with 32,292 points in regular season play, placing him fourth on the NBA's all-time scoring list behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Karl Malone, and Kobe Bryant. With five regular-season MVPs (tied for second place with Bill Russell—only Kareem", "title": "Michael Jordan" }, { "id": "3174061", "text": "of first-place votes, wins the award. Since its inception, the award has been given to 21 different players. Dikembe Mutombo and Ben Wallace have each won the award a record four times. Dwight Howard is the only player to have won the award in three consecutive seasons. Sidney Moncrief, Mark Eaton, Dennis Rodman, Hakeem Olajuwon, Alonzo Mourning, and Kawhi Leonard have each won it twice. The most recent award recipient is Rudy Gobert of the Utah Jazz. Although five of the first six winners were perimeter players, the award has traditionally been given to big men who rebound and block", "title": "NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award" }, { "id": "17103967", "text": "prior team record of 163. Stephen Curry added 26 points for the West, and teammates Anthony Davis scored 24 on 12-of-13 shooting and Kevin Durant tallied 23. The East's Paul George scored 41, which tied Westbrook's total from 2015 and was one short of Wilt Chamberlain's record. LeBron James totaled 13 points for a career record of 291 to pass Bryant, who retired with 290. Westbrook became the first player in All-Star history to win consecutive MVPs outright. Bob Pettit is the other player to have won back-to-back awards, winning in 1958 and sharing it with Elgin Baylor in 1959.", "title": "2016 NBA All-Star Game" }, { "id": "1811616", "text": "14 All-NBA teams, which is tied for the fourth-most in league history, and 12 All-NBA first teams, which is an NBA record. With four MVP awards, he is part of a select group of players who have won the award four times, including Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Wilt Chamberlain, Michael Jordan, and Bill Russell; James and Russell are the only players to win four MVP awards in a five-year span. James has also won three Finals MVP Awards, which is tied for the second-most all-time, and earned All-Defensive honors every season from 2009 to 2014. While he has never won the Defensive", "title": "LeBron James" }, { "id": "9546509", "text": "and Dolph Schayes tied in votes received. From 1946 to 1955, players were selected without regard to position; however, since 1956, each team has consisted of two guards, two forwards, and one center. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Kobe Bryant and Tim Duncan hold the record for the most total selections with fifteen. Karl Malone, Shaquille O'Neal, and LeBron James follow with fourteen total honors, while Schayes, Bob Cousy, Jerry West, Hakeem Olajuwon, Dirk Nowitzki have twelve selections. James has the most All-NBA first team honors with twelve, while Malone and Bryant are tied for second-most with eleven. From the 1946–47 season to", "title": "All-NBA Team" }, { "id": "1877492", "text": "Chamberlain was 50, the New Jersey Nets had the same idea, but were declined. However, he would continue to epitomize physical fitness for years to come, including participating in several marathons. Chamberlain is regarded as one of the most extraordinary and dominant basketball players in the history of the NBA. The 1972 NBA Finals MVP is holder of numerous official NBA all-time records, establishing himself as a scoring champion, all-time top rebounder and accurate field goal shooter. He led the NBA in scoring seven times, field goal percentage nine times, minutes played eight times, rebounding eleven times, and assists once.", "title": "Wilt Chamberlain" }, { "id": "1322987", "text": "sentenced to 18 years in prison. Camby was arrested by police in Pearland, Texas on Monday, September 19, 2011 and charged with marijuana possession. The charges were later dropped. He currently resides in Pearland, Texas. Marcus Camby Marcus Dion Camby (born March 22, 1974) is an American former professional basketball player who played 17 seasons in the National Basketball Association. He was named Defensive Player of the Year during the 2006–07 NBA season, leading the league in blocked shots per game. Camby is also a four-time member of the NBA All-Defensive Team and is 12th on the NBA's all-time career", "title": "Marcus Camby" }, { "id": "9303124", "text": "the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and high school basketball. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar holds the NBA record for field goals made in a career with 15,837. Wilt Chamberlain, one of the most prolific scorers of all time, holds the top four spots for most field goals made in a season and has the two top field goal percentages for a season. One of the greatest field-goal shooters of all time is Michael Jordan, who led the NBA in field goals made ten times. Shaquille O'Neal has the record for most seasons (10) with the best field goal percentage, and Artis Gilmore", "title": "Field goal (basketball)" }, { "id": "1833139", "text": "the All-Star Game, and he would continue to be selected to start that game for a record 18 consecutive appearances until his retirement. His four All-Star MVP Awards are tied for the most in NBA history. At the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics, he won gold medals as a member of the U.S. national team. \"Sporting News\" and TNT named Bryant the top NBA player of the 2000s. In 2018, Bryant won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film for his film \"Dear Basketball\". Bryant was born in 1978 in Philadelphia; he was the youngest of three children and", "title": "Kobe Bryant" }, { "id": "3066068", "text": "award. The most recent Rookie of the Year winner is Ben Simmons. Twenty-one winners were drafted first overall. Sixteen winners have also won the NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) award in their careers; Wilt Chamberlain and Wes Unseld earning both honors the same season. Nineteen of the forty two non-active winners have been elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Three seasons had joint winners—Dave Cowens and Geoff Petrie in the , Grant Hill and Jason Kidd in the , and Elton Brand and Steve Francis in the 1999–2000 season. Five players won the award unanimously (by capturing", "title": "NBA Rookie of the Year Award" }, { "id": "296030", "text": "top three seeds went to the division winners. The Boston Celtics have won the most championships with 17 NBA Finals wins. The second most successful franchise is the Los Angeles Lakers, who have 16 overall championships (11 in Los Angeles, 5 in Minneapolis). Following the Lakers, are the Chicago Bulls and Golden State Warriors (2 in Philadelphia, 4 in Oakland) with six championships each. The San Antonio Spurs have five championships, all since 1999. Current teams that have no NBA Finals appearances: As one of the major sports leagues in North America, the NBA has a long history of partnerships", "title": "National Basketball Association" }, { "id": "1969733", "text": "teams over his career. A center, he was known as a specialist player and was considered among the best shot-blockers in the history of the sport despite other aspects of his game being considered fairly weak. Over the course of his career, Bol blocked more shots than he scored points, making him the only NBA player ever to do so. He is second all-time in NBA history in terms of average blocked shots per game and ranks 15th on the career blocks list. Manute Bol was born to Madute and Okwok Bol in Turalei or Gogrial and raised near Gogrial.", "title": "Manute Bol" }, { "id": "742557", "text": "without any space in between. However, the International System of Units and the ISO 31-0 standard require a space. The word \"percentage\" is often a misnomer in the context of sports statistics, when the referenced number is expressed as a decimal proportion, not a percentage: \"The Phoenix Suns' Shaquille O'Neal led the NBA with a .609 field goal percentage (FG%) during the 2008–09 season.\" (O'Neal made 60.9% of his shots, not 0.609%.) Likewise, the winning percentage of a team, the fraction of matches that the club has won, is also usually expressed as a decimal proportion; a team that has", "title": "Percentage" }, { "id": "3174062", "text": "shots. Only seven perimeter players have been honored: Moncrief, Alvin Robertson, Michael Cooper, Michael Jordan, Gary Payton, Ron Artest (known now as Metta World Peace), and Kawhi Leonard. Payton is the only point guard to have won. Jordan, Olajuwon, David Robinson, and Kevin Garnett are the only Defensive Player of the Year winners to have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) during their careers; Jordan and Olajuwon won both awards in the same season. In Olajuwon's case, he is the only one to have also won the Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award and the NBA", "title": "NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award" }, { "id": "15455969", "text": "the 1999 NBA Rookie of the Year Award and the 2000 Slam Dunk Contest is just one of the great players that have showcased their talents in the Classic. From Simon Gratz (Pa.), Rasheed Wallace. Wallace was a three-time Beach Baller who led his team to two tourney titles while setting records for most blocked shots in a game (16) and tournament (24). Wallace has been to the NBA Finals twice but only winning once with the Detroit Pistons. Wallace is currently the all-time leader in the NBA with most technical fouls at 304. From Lower Merion (Pa.), Kobe Bryant.", "title": "Beach Ball Classic" }, { "id": "2015514", "text": "1,164, 1,134, 1,128, 1,126, 1,118, 1,031 and 1,011 assists. He and Karl Malone are regarded by many as the quintessential pick and roll duo. Apart from his passing skill, Stockton was also a capable scorer (13.1 points per game career average and a 51.5 career shooting percentage) with a reliable three-point shot (38.4% lifetime average). He is 41st on the all-time NBA scoring list with 19,711 career points. Despite the fact that he had never pulled down more than 9 rebounds (or recorded more than 9 steals) during a regular season game, he finally recorded his first career triple double,", "title": "John Stockton" }, { "id": "5343182", "text": "Giannis Antetokounmpo and Victor Oladipo have won the award and been selected as an NBA All-Star in the same season; Dale Ellis, Kevin Duckworth, Kevin Johnson, Gilbert Arenas, Zach Randolph and Goran Dragic were the other winners who were later selected to play in the All-Star Game. Only McGrady, O'Neal, George, Dragić, Antetokounmpo and Oladipo won the award and were named to the All-NBA Team in the same season. The Indiana Pacers and Orlando Magic have both seen five players win the award, the most in the NBA. Tracy McGrady is the first recipient of the award to be named", "title": "NBA Most Improved Player Award" }, { "id": "2340227", "text": "superstar (Charles Barkley). The team also redesigned their logo and uniform when they signed free agent Ainge prior to the 1992–93 season, figuring that his experience would help the team during the playoffs. Ainge responded by scoring 11.8 points per game as the Suns went 62–20 that year and reached the NBA finals, where they lost to Michael Jordan's Bulls in six games. On January 18, 1994, he became the second man ever to hit 900 three-point shots in NBA history (he made 1,002 three pointers for his career), and he scored 11,964 points for an average of 11.5 points", "title": "Danny Ainge" }, { "id": "6346567", "text": "being traded to the Phoenix Suns. Buechler ended his career with a short stint with the Orlando Magic, and he retired in 2002 with 2,385 total points, 560 total assists, and 1,266 total rebounds. As of late 2010, he was the all-time NBA leader in \"trillions\"—games in which he had played for at least a minute without getting anything for the stat sheet, resulting in a number followed by 12 zeroes—with 55. Buechler was also an All-American volleyball player at Arizona, earning the nickname \"The Judge\". Jud Buechler Judson Donald Buechler (born June 19, 1968) is an American retired professional", "title": "Jud Buechler" }, { "id": "7743755", "text": "leader in total blocked shots with 3,189 blocks. For his achievements, he has been inducted to the Basketball Hall of Fame. He was also named in the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History list announced at the league's 50th anniversary in 1996. Jo Jo White, the ninth pick, won two NBA championships with the Boston Celtics in 1974 and 1976. He was named as the Finals Most Valuable Player in the latter. He was selected to two All-NBA Teams and seven All-Star Games. 45th pick Bob Dandridge won two NBA championships with the Milwaukee Bucks in 1971 and with the", "title": "1969 NBA draft" }, { "id": "15576436", "text": "Beal scored a then season-high 40 points in a 122–116 loss to the Phoenix Suns. On November 20, 2017, in a 99–88 win over the Milwaukee Bucks, Beal scored 23 points and became the youngest player in NBA history to reach 700 made 3-pointers. On December 5, 2017, he scored a career-high 51 points in a 106–92 win over the Portland Trail Blazers. He hit five 3-pointers and made a career-high 21 field goals. On December 31, 2017, Beal scored 17 of his 39 points in the fourth quarter to lead Washington to a 114–110 win over the Chicago Bulls.", "title": "Bradley Beal" }, { "id": "11467455", "text": "The player(s) with the most votes or ties for the most votes wins the award. No All-Star Game MVP was named in 1999 since the game was canceled due to the league's lockout. , the most recent recipient is Los Angeles Lakers forward LeBron James. Bob Pettit and Kobe Bryant are the only two players to win the All-Star Game MVP four times. Oscar Robertson, Michael Jordan, Shaquille O'Neal, and LeBron James have each won the award three times, while Bob Cousy, Julius Erving, Isiah Thomas, Magic Johnson, Karl Malone, Allen Iverson, and Russell Westbrook have all won the award", "title": "NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "4874543", "text": "a 113–102 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. The Grizzlies again qualified for the NBA Playoffs in 2016, but were swept out of the first round by the San Antonio Spurs. On November 2, 2016, in a win over the New Orleans Pelicans, Randolph passed Pau Gasol (3,324) to become the Grizzlies' all-time leader in made field goals. On November 23, 2016, in a win over the Philadelphia 76ers, Randolph passed Vlade Divac for 46th on the NBA's all-time leading rebounder list. On December 6, 2016, he played in his 1,000th career game, becoming the 121st NBA player to reach", "title": "Zach Randolph" }, { "id": "4315865", "text": "10-of-12 from the field and 8-of-9 from the three-point line in a 132–117 win over the Indiana Pacers. He subsequently passed Jason Kidd (1,988) for seventh on the all-time three-pointers made list. A week later, on February 15, also against the Pacers, Korver became the seventh player in NBA history to make 2,000 career three-pointers, joining Ray Allen, Reggie Miller, Jason Terry, Paul Pierce, Vince Carter, and Jamal Crawford. On April 4, 2017, he returned after missing 11 games with a sore left foot and scored 11 points in 12 minutes in a 122–102 win over the Orlando Magic. Korver", "title": "Kyle Korver" }, { "id": "18864046", "text": "win the biggest upset in NBA history. On March 7, the Warriors won their 45th-straight regular season home game over the Orlando Magic, eclipsing the 1995–96 Chicago Bulls 44 wins in a row, to claim the NBA record. Stephen Curry became the first player in NBA history to score 300 three-pointers in a single season. In a 128–112 win over the Portland Trail Blazers on March 11, both teams combined for 37 made three-pointers (18 by the Warriors, 19 by the Blazers), an all-time NBA record. With a Los Angeles Clippers' loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers on March 13, the", "title": "2015–16 Golden State Warriors season" }, { "id": "10021917", "text": "of the ESPY Awards, ceremonies were conducted in February of each year to honor achievements over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter are conferred in June and reflect performance from the June previous. Six players have won the award more than once; Michael Jordan won the inaugural award and a total of four across his career. LeBron James has won the award a total of seven times, the most by any player, while Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, Hakeem Olajuwon, and Shaquille O'Neal have claimed two each. Player was a member of the winning team in the NBA Finals. <br>", "title": "Best NBA Player ESPY Award" }, { "id": "2615804", "text": "Los Angeles Lakers (number 32 was retired honoring Magic Johnson, though Johnson himself offered to have it unretired for Malone to wear, an offer Malone refused) and also for the Dream Team (the players wore 4 to 15 to adhere to FIBA rules). Over 1,476 NBA games (fourth all-time), and 1,471 starts (most all-time, never coming off the bench after his rookie season), Malone scored 36,928 points (25.0 per game), second-best all-time, on .516 shooting. His high field goal percentage benefited from three factors, namely, the pick-and-roll offense; his physical power, enabling him to overpower most forwards, and his ability", "title": "Karl Malone" }, { "id": "4872810", "text": "Sam Jones (basketball) Samuel Jones (born June 24, 1933) is an American retired professional basketball player at shooting guard. He was known for his quickness and game-winning shots, especially during the NBA Playoffs. He has the second most NBA championships of any player (10), behind his teammate Bill Russell (11). He was also one of only 3 Boston Celtics (along with teammates Bill Russell and K.C. Jones) to be part of the Celtics's 8 consecutive championships from 1959 to 1966. He is a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Jones attended and graduated from North Carolina Central", "title": "Sam Jones (basketball)" }, { "id": "8064527", "text": "Stephen Curry Wardell Stephen Curry II ( ; born March 14, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Many players and analysts have called him the greatest shooter in NBA history. He is credited with revolutionizing the game of basketball by inspiring teams to regularly employ the three-point shot as part of their winning strategy. In 2014–15, Curry won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award and led the Warriors to their first championship since 1975. The following season, he became the first player in NBA history to be elected", "title": "Stephen Curry" }, { "id": "2726722", "text": "points. On March 19, 2018, in a 106–90 loss to the Detroit Pistons, Carter had seven points to move past Patrick Ewing into 22nd place on the NBA's career scoring list. At the season's end, he was named the recipient of the NBPA's Backbone Award and Most Respected Award, as part of the Players Voice Awards. On August 24, 2018, Carter signed with the Atlanta Hawks. In his debut for the Hawks on October 17, 2018, Carter started at forward and scored 12 points in a 126–107 loss to the New York Knicks, becoming the second oldest player in NBA", "title": "Vince Carter" }, { "id": "6293958", "text": "pointers on March 12, 2005, and Stephen Curry who made 12 three pointers on February 27, 2016; Curry now owns the record by himself following 13 baskets from behind the arc against the New Orleans Pelicans on November 7, 2016. Scott was honored by the Magic on March 26, 2006 as part of their \"Remember the Past Nights\" program, where the Magic remembers past players for their accomplishments. Other players to be honored so far were Nick Anderson and Scott Skiles. In 2008, Jay Bilas ranked his personal top 25 three point shooters in NCAA history and Scott was #1", "title": "Dennis Scott (basketball)" }, { "id": "8064586", "text": "As of April 2018, he ranks fourth in NBA history in career three-point field goal percentage and holds four of the top five seasons in terms of total three-pointers made. He is also the fastest player in league history to make 2,000 career three-pointers, doing so in 227 fewer games than the previous record-holder. A clutch scorer, he often shoots at his best in high-pressure moments, and takes game-winning shots. Curry is credited with revolutionizing the game of basketball by inspiring basketball teams, ranging from high school to the NBA, to regularly employ the three-point shot as part of their", "title": "Stephen Curry" }, { "id": "1881393", "text": "million. Olajuwon averaged career lows of 7.1 points and 6.0 rebounds per game in what would be his final season in the NBA, as he decided to retire in the fall of 2002, due to a back injury. Olajuwon retired as the all–time league leader in total blocked shots with 3,830, although shot blocking did not become an official statistic until the 1973–74 NBA season. Shortly after his retirement, his #34 jersey was retired by the Rockets. In 1980, before arriving in the US, Olajuwon played for a Nigerian junior team in the All-Africa Games. This created some problems when", "title": "Hakeem Olajuwon" }, { "id": "18032862", "text": "and standing reach . Those records would later be broken in 2018 by Mohamed Bamba. D. J. Stephens set the vertical leap record in 2013 at . Combine results may or may not affect draft position, depending on certain results from it. Supposedly, medical test results caused Jared Sullinger to fall to No. 21 in 2012, while Kevin Durant was drafted No. 2 despite not being able to do a single repetition on the bench press. Durant is not alone; Jamal Crawford, Monta Ellis, T. J. Ford, and Luke Ridnour are among the zero-rep producers. The record is 27 reps", "title": "NBA Draft Combine" }, { "id": "3543286", "text": "the Knicks' franchise record, and the Madison Square Garden record for single-game scoring with a 62-point, 13-rebound, 0 turnover effort against the Charlotte Bobcats. On January 30, 2014, in a 117-86 victory against the Cleveland Cavaliers, Anthony became the 50th NBA player to score 19,000 career points. In doing so at the age of 29 years and 246 days old, Anthony became the 5th-youngest NBA player to achieve the feat, only beaten by LeBron James (27 years and 111 days), Kobe Bryant (28 and 223), Michael Jordan (29 and 62) and Wilt Chamberlain (29 and 75). On February 5, 2014,", "title": "Carmelo Anthony" }, { "id": "4226537", "text": "Robert Horry Robert Keith Horry (; born August 25, 1970) is an American retired basketball player and current sports commentator. He played 16 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), winning seven championships, the most of any player not to have played on the 1960s Boston Celtics. He is one of only two players (the other is John Salley) to have won NBA championships with three teams: two with the Houston Rockets, three with the Los Angeles Lakers and two with the San Antonio Spurs. He earned the nickname Big Shot Bob or Rob because of his clutch shooting in", "title": "Robert Horry" }, { "id": "7355704", "text": "alongside Akeem Olajuwon, Clyde Drexler, Alvin Franklin, Benny Anders, Reid Gettys and Michael Young. (Olajuwon and Drexler rank as two of the top 50 NBA players of all time.) Micheaux led the Cougars in field goal percentage in 1979–80 (.530) and 1980–81 (.600). He also led the team in blocked shots in 1980–81 with 49. After receiving a business degree at the University of Houston, Micheaux was drafted by the Chicago Bulls in the second round of the 1983 NBA draft. The 6-foot-9-inch Houston native played two seasons (96 games) with three different teams in the NBA: the Kansas City", "title": "Larry Micheaux" }, { "id": "2455614", "text": "(now the NBA's Brooklyn Nets) and the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers. He is the eighth-highest scorer in ABA/NBA history with 30,026 points (NBA and ABA combined). He was well known for slam dunking from the free throw line in slam dunk contests and was the only player voted Most Valuable Player in both the ABA and the NBA. Erving was inducted in 1993 into the Basketball Hall of Fame and was also named to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time team. In 1994, Erving was named by \"Sports Illustrated\" as one of the 40 most important athletes of all time. In 2004,", "title": "Julius Erving" }, { "id": "3978880", "text": "2005 to commemorate Bill Russell. Since its inception, the award has been given to 31 players. Michael Jordan is a record six-time award winner. Magic Johnson, Shaquille O'Neal, Tim Duncan and LeBron James won the award three times in their careers. Jordan and O'Neal are the only players to win the award in three consecutive seasons (Jordan accomplished the feat on two separate occasions). Johnson is the only rookie ever to win the award, as well as the youngest at 20 years old. Andre Iguodala is the only winner to have not started every game in the series. Jerry West,", "title": "Bill Russell NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award" }, { "id": "1833195", "text": "and had been outscored by an average of 11 points. Bryant, selected to his 13th straight All-Star game after becoming the leading vote-getter, had 37 points, 14 rebounds, and three steals in the 2011 All-Star Game and won his fourth All-Star MVP, tying Hall of Famer Bob Pettit for the most All-Star MVP awards. During the season, Bryant moved from 12th to 6th place on the NBA all-time career scoring list, passing John Havlicek, Dominique Wilkins, Oscar Robertson, Hakeem Olajuwon, Elvin Hayes, and Moses Malone. Bryant finished the season averaging less than 20 shots a game, his fewest since the", "title": "Kobe Bryant" }, { "id": "2619201", "text": "the greatest shooters in NBA history. Miller is one of only seven players to join the 50–40–90 club and has made 2,560 3-pointers in his career, which was an NBA record at the time of his retirement. His total has since been surpassed by Ray Allen. Miller was a member of two gold medal-winning teams, the US national team for the 1994 FIBA World Championship and the Olympic men's basketball team in 1996. He averaged 17.1 points, 52.6% shooting, and was 19 for 20 from free throws and was second-leading scorer behind Shaquille O'Neal in the 1994 tournament. In 1996,", "title": "Reggie Miller" }, { "id": "18010217", "text": "31 points and 12 rebounds in a 105–84 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder. On 30 October 2017, he scored a career-high 38 points in a 116–110 win over the Denver Nuggets. Less than a week later, on 5 November, Porziņģis set a new career high with 40 points in a 108–101 win over the Indiana Pacers. He became the first player in the NBA since 1983–84 to post at least 40 points, five rebounds, five blocks and make two 3-pointers. Porziņģis was subsequently named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played from Monday, 30 October through Sunday,", "title": "Kristaps Porziņģis" }, { "id": "6348533", "text": "Hubert Davis Hubert Ira Davis, Jr. (born May 17, 1970) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the NBA. Davis's nearly 44.1% NBA career three-point shot percentage ranks him second only to Steve Kerr. He is the nephew of Walter Davis, another former NBA player. Davis later became a college basketball analyst for ESPN. He is currently an assistant coach at the University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, his \"alma mater\". Davis attended Lake Braddock Secondary School in Burke, Virginia, where he averaged 28.0 points per game in his senior year. He went on to the", "title": "Hubert Davis" }, { "id": "539392", "text": "championships since the league's founding. The Celtics have a notable rivalry with the Los Angeles Lakers, and have played the Lakers a record 12 times in the NBA Finals (including their most recent appearances in 2008 and 2010), of which the Celtics have won nine. Four Celtics players (Bob Cousy, Bill Russell, Dave Cowens and Larry Bird) have won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award for an NBA record total of 10 MVP awards. Both the nickname \"Celtics\" and their mascot \"Lucky the Leprechaun\" are a nod to Boston's historically large Irish population. After winning 16 championships throughout the 20th", "title": "Boston Celtics" }, { "id": "6973880", "text": "on February 17, 2001. He shot it with 0.7 seconds remaining in the third quarter as a defender closely guarded him. Baron Davis is the only player to have hit a shot from at least in a game; since the year 2000, it has been attempted at least a total of 40 times. During his career, Baron Davis went 2-for-43 from beyond half court. 2010 and 2012 are the only NBA seasons when two half court shots were made on the same night. During Jason Kidd's career, he has made 4 of 44 (roughly 10%) from beyond half-court. Jerry West", "title": "Half court" }, { "id": "7100105", "text": "Field goal percentage does not completely tell the skill of a player, but a low field goal percentage can indicate a poor offensive player or a player who takes many difficult shots. In the NBA, Center Shaquille O'Neal had a high career FG% (around .580) because he played near the basket making many high percentage layups and dunks. Guard Allen Iverson often had a low FG% (around .420) because he took the bulk of his team's shot attempts, even with high difficulty shots. The NBA career record for field goal percentage is held by DeAndre Jordan at 0.671. The highest", "title": "Field goal percentage" }, { "id": "11517572", "text": "points on 12 of 12 field goal shooting in a 97–73 win over the Dallas Wings. On June 30, 2016, she scored a career-high 38 points along with 11 rebounds in a 84–75 victory against the Atlanta Dream. In addition, she set the basketball record for highest true shooting percentage by reaching 73.7% during the season, becoming the most efficient shooter in the history of professional basketball. With a supporting cast of Candace Parker and Kristi Toliver, the Sparks were a championship contender in the league with a 26–8 record. With the WNBA's new playoff format in effect, the Sparks", "title": "Nneka Ogwumike" }, { "id": "3950959", "text": "about this in his memoir \"Calling the Shots\", called Havlicek's reaction one of the greatest plays he ever saw in his 32 years as a professional official. Havlicek is the Celtics' all-time leader in points and games played, scoring 26,395 points (20.8 points per game, 13th all-time in points scored in the NBA), and playing in 1,270 games (17th all-time). He became the first player to score 1,000 points in 16 consecutive seasons, with his best season coming during the 1970–71 NBA season when he averaged 28.9 points per game. Havlicek shares the NBA Finals single-game record for most points", "title": "John Havlicek" }, { "id": "3543254", "text": "had a field goal percentage of .760 on a 19-of-25 shooting effort, and his shooting percentage was the second highest in the last 13 years for a player who took 25 or more shots in a game (Bryant was first with a .769 field goal percentage on a 20-of-26 shooting effort, in a 99–94 road victory over the Houston Rockets on December 21, 2000). On March 27, in a home win over the Dallas Mavericks, Anthony scored his 9,000th career point. He played in 77 games during the regular season, finishing as the NBA's fourth-leading scorer with 25.7 points per", "title": "Carmelo Anthony" }, { "id": "19517180", "text": "win 30 road games in back-to-back seasons, joining the 1995–96 and 1996–97 Chicago Bulls. Stephen Curry set numerous three-point NBA records this season; including most three-pointers made in a single game with 13 and most consecutive games (regular-season and postseason combined) with a made three-pointer with 196. Curry also surpassed 300 three-pointers in the regular-season for the second time in NBA history; he finished with 324. Draymond Green won the Defensive Player of the Year Award at the NBA Awards, the first time a Warrior has won it. Kevin Durant won the NBA Finals MVP award, the third time a", "title": "2016–17 Golden State Warriors season" }, { "id": "7793021", "text": "Tree Rollins Wayne Monte \"Tree\" Rollins (born June 16, 1955) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 18 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Atlanta Hawks, Cleveland Cavaliers, Detroit Pistons, Houston Rockets and Orlando Magic. The 7-foot-1-inch 275 pound Clemson graduate played center, and gained high esteem for his defense, particularly his rebounding and shot-blocking ability. He finished in the top three in blocked shots six times, leading the league during the 1982–83 NBA season. At the time of his retirement in 1995, he was fourth all-time in career blocked shots, behind only Hakeem Olajuwon,", "title": "Tree Rollins" }, { "id": "1833230", "text": "history of the sport.\" Reuters called him \"arguably the best player of his generation\", while both \"Sporting News\" and TNT named him their NBA player of the decade for the 2000s. In 2008 and again in 2016, ESPN ranked him the second greatest shooting guard of all-time after Jordan. Players including Kevin Durant, Dirk Nowitzki, Dwyane Wade, and Derrick Rose have called Bryant their generation's version of Jordan. \"The Press-Enterprise\" described Bryant as \"maybe the greatest Laker in the organization's history\". He is the Lakers' all-time leading scorer, and his five titles are tied for the most in franchise history.", "title": "Kobe Bryant" }, { "id": "16017941", "text": "has earned on a 1 year contract, Jordan also holds the record for the second largest 1 year contract at $30,140,000 in the 1996-97 season. Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013–14 season began. LeBron James became the third in the 2016–17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40-Million per year when he signed a record 5-year contract worth $201-Million in 2017, starting with $34,682,550 in the 2017-18 season and ending with the largest earnings in the 2021-22 season with a record payout of $45,780,966. Beginning in the 1984–85 NBA", "title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season" }, { "id": "3552920", "text": "player in NBA history to have two separate games of scoring at least seven three-pointers in the NBA Finals. The Celtics would win two of three games in Boston, before losing the last two games and the series in Los Angeles. After becoming a free agent on July 1, 2010, Allen re-signed a two year-deal with the Boston Celtics on July 7 worth $20 million. During a game against the Los Angeles Lakers on February 10, 2011, Allen became the all-time NBA leader in total 3-point field goals made (2,562), surpassing Reggie Miller's record of 2,560. The 35-year-old shooting guard", "title": "Ray Allen" }, { "id": "4315854", "text": "his left knee. He subsequently missed the first 23 games of the 2009–10 season. On March 31, 2010, he scored a season-high 21 points against the Golden State Warriors. In 52 games, he averaged 7.2 points and 2.1 rebounds. He led the NBA in three-point shooting at .536 (59-110 3FGM), setting the NBA single season three-point shooting record, edging the record percentage of .524 that Steve Kerr set in 1994–95. His spot-on shooting surged after he finally returned fully healthy after the All-Star break, having struggled with wrist and knee issues following surgeries to both over the previous year. On", "title": "Kyle Korver" }, { "id": "803911", "text": "along with a future second-round pick, to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for a future conditional second-round pick. Veteran power forward David West signed with the Warriors, as did free-agent center Zaza Pachulia. The Warriors posted many notable achievements during the 2016–17 regular season. On November 7, 2016, Stephen Curry set the NBA record for most 3-pointers in a game with 13, in a 116–106 win over the Pelicans. On December 5, 2016, Klay Thompson scored 60 points in 29 minutes, in a 142–106 victory over the Pacers. In doing so, Thompson became the first player in NBA history to", "title": "Golden State Warriors" }, { "id": "8064603", "text": "Curry participates in celebrity golf tournaments, and has played golf alongside Barack Obama. In August 2017, Curry competed in the Ellie Mae Classic on an unrestricted sponsor exemption. Though he missed the first cut, he scored 4-over-74 for both days he participated, surpassing most expectations for an amateur competing in the pro event. Stephen Curry Wardell Stephen Curry II ( ; born March 14, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Many players and analysts have called him the greatest shooter in NBA history. He is credited with revolutionizing", "title": "Stephen Curry" }, { "id": "1322965", "text": "Marcus Camby Marcus Dion Camby (born March 22, 1974) is an American former professional basketball player who played 17 seasons in the National Basketball Association. He was named Defensive Player of the Year during the 2006–07 NBA season, leading the league in blocked shots per game. Camby is also a four-time member of the NBA All-Defensive Team and is 12th on the NBA's all-time career blocks list. Camby, a native of Connecticut, began his high school career at Conard High School in West Hartford. He transferred to Hartford Public High School where he finished his high school education. In his", "title": "Marcus Camby" }, { "id": "3950963", "text": "the time of his retirement, Havlicek was the NBA career leader in games played (surpassed in 1984 by Elvin Hayes and now held by Robert Parish) and third in points behind Chamberlain and Oscar Robertson. Havlicek also retired as the career leader in field goal attempts (later surpassed by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) and missed field goals (later surpassed by Kobe Bryant). Havlicek is now 26th, 15th, 6th and 2nd, respectively, in those stats. In 1984 Havlicek became a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. In 1997, he was selected as one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA", "title": "John Havlicek" }, { "id": "14819854", "text": "half against the Nuggets. Davis saw limited minutes on April 4 and missed a game on April 9 due to his back. On April 10, the team announced that Davis would miss the remaining four games. Davis finished the season as the NBA leader in blocked shots per game (2.82). Because of his improved performance this season against his rookie season, Davis finished third in the NBA Most Improved Player Award voting behind Lance Stephenson and Goran Dragić. Davis began the 2014–15 NBA season against the Orlando Magic with one of the best season opening performances of all time: 26", "title": "Anthony Davis" }, { "id": "17342538", "text": "17.8 points on 61.2 percent shooting in the series, the highest field goal percentage of any Finals MVP, and shot 65 percent when guarded by LeBron James in the series. Leonard also led the team with a 57.9 three-point field goal percentage. Leonard was the third-youngest recipient of the award (22 years and 351 days old) since its inception in 1969, and the youngest since Magic Johnson in 1982. Tim Duncan of the Spurs led all players in the series with 50 rebounds. He was followed by teammate Boris Diaw (43), who was inserted into the starting lineup beginning in", "title": "2014 NBA Finals" }, { "id": "2619181", "text": "Reggie Miller Reginald Wayne Miller (born August 24, 1965) is an American retired professional basketball player who played his entire 18-year National Basketball Association (NBA) career with the Indiana Pacers. Miller was known for his precision three-point shooting, especially in pressure situations and most notably against the New York Knicks, for which he earned the nickname \"Knick Killer\". When he retired, he held the record for most career 3-point field goals made. He is currently second on the list behind Ray Allen. A five-time All-Star selection, Miller led the league in free throw accuracy five times and won a gold", "title": "Reggie Miller" }, { "id": "14463875", "text": "David Thompson's (no relation) record for a quarter. On January 29, 2015, Thompson was named a reserve for the 2015 Western Conference All-Star team for the first time in his career. On March 8, 2015, Thompson hit 3 three-pointers against the Los Angeles Clippers to pass head coach Steve Kerr (726) on the NBA's all-time list. On March 17, he was ruled out for 7–10 days with a sprained ankle. That season, Curry broke his own record for three-pointers (286), and Thompson again finished second in the league (239) as the two combined to make 525 threes, surpassing their previous", "title": "Klay Thompson" }, { "id": "19083233", "text": "broke the record set by the 1995–96 Chicago Bulls by finishing the regular season with a 73–9 record. In addition, the Warriors broke numerous other NBA records, including most road wins (34), best start to a season (24–0) and longest regular-season home win streak (54 dating back to the 2014–15 season). They also became the first team to make over 1,000 three-pointers in the regular-season with 1,077, eclipsing the previous record of 933 set by the 2014–15 Houston Rockets. The Warriors were led by Stephen Curry, who was named the NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) for the second straight season.", "title": "2016 NBA Finals" }, { "id": "1833234", "text": "to the All-NBA Team on 15 occasions, tied for the most with Abdul-Jabbar and Tim Duncan, and his 11 first-team honors are tied for the second most ever with Karl Malone. Bryant is also a 12-time All-Defensive Team selection, trailing only Duncan's 15, and nine times he was named to the All-Defensive First Team, tied with Jordan, Garnett, and Gary Payton for the most all-time. He was the first guard to play 20 seasons in the NBA. He also won the NBA Slam Dunk Contest in 1997 and is its youngest winner. In his career, Bryant has scored 40-plus points", "title": "Kobe Bryant" }, { "id": "3543298", "text": "for Enes Kanter, Doug McDermott and a 2018 second-round pick. During Anthony's seven seasons with the Knicks, the team won one playoff series. On November 9, 2017, with only 12 points needed to move up in the rankings, Anthony passed Allen Iverson on the NBA all-time scoring list and moved to the 24th spot. He finished the game with 28 points. On November 26, 2017, Anthony passed Ray Allen on the NBA all-time scoring list and moved to 23rd place. On December 11, 2017, Anthony passed Vince Carter for 22nd on the NBA all-time scoring list. On January 4, 2018,", "title": "Carmelo Anthony" }, { "id": "1877493", "text": "He was also responsible for several rule changes, including widening the lane from 12 to 16 feet, as well as changes to rules regarding inbounding the ball and shooting free throws. Chamberlain is most remembered for his 100-point game, which is widely considered one of basketball's greatest records. Decades after his record, many NBA \"teams\" did not even average 100 points as fewer field goals per game were being attempted. The closest any player has gotten to 100 points was the Los Angeles Lakers' Kobe Bryant, who scored 81 in 2006. Bryant afterwards said Chamberlain's record was \"unthinkable ... It's", "title": "Wilt Chamberlain" }, { "id": "3037951", "text": "over 5 points per game before retiring as arguably the biggest NBA draft bust ever. Other NBA draft busts include Sam Bowie (1984, who had a modestly productive though injury-prone career, but is particularly infamous for having been drafted one spot ahead of Michael Jordan), Ed O'Bannon (1995), Michael Olowokandi (1998), Kwame Brown (2001), Darko Miličić (2003), Adam Morrison (2006), Greg Oden (2007), Hasheem Thabeet (2009), Anthony Bennett (2013), and Markelle Fultz (2017). Notable MLB draft busts include Steve Chilcott (1966) and Brien Taylor (1991), two 1st overall draft picks who never reached the majors, as well as Matt Bush", "title": "Draft (sports)" }, { "id": "1541390", "text": "All baseball players have to be ambidextrous fielders, as the glove hand is most often on the off-hand. In basketball a player may choose to make a pass or shot with the weaker hand. NBA stars Kobe Bryant, Kyrie Irving, Carlos Boozer, David Lee, John Wall, Derrick Rose, Chandler Parsons, Andrew Bogut, John Henson and Michael Beasley, and Jerryd Bayless are ambidextrous players. Bogut and Henson are both stronger in the post with their left-handed hook shot than they are with their natural right hands. Brothers Marc and Pau Gasol can make hook shots with either hand while the right", "title": "Ambidexterity" }, { "id": "2397327", "text": "a 118–108 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. He also grabbed a team-high 11 rebounds and passed former teammate Shawn Marion for 15th on the all-time career rebounding list. On December 12, in a loss to the Washington Wizards, he moved past Jason Richardson for 16th all-time in three-point shots made, finishing the game with 1,609 career three-pointers. On December 23, Nowitzki moved past Shaquille O'Neal into sixth place on the NBA's career scoring list, then made the go-ahead basket with 19.2 seconds left in overtime to help the Mavericks defeat the Brooklyn Nets, 119–118. On January 12, in an", "title": "Dirk Nowitzki" }, { "id": "2880587", "text": "off the bench. On January 9, 2010, Gordon scored the 10 millionth point in NBA history. After the season, Gordon had surgery on his left ankle. On March 22, 2012, Gordon again tied the NBA record for most three–point shots made without a miss with 9. He scored 45 points to help bring Detroit back from a 25–point deficit, though they still lost to the Denver Nuggets 116–115. On June 26, 2012, Gordon and a future first round pick were traded to the Charlotte Bobcats in a deal that sent Corey Maggette to the Pistons. On November 28, 2012, Gordon", "title": "Ben Gordon" }, { "id": "14622986", "text": "533, surpassing the previous mark of 478 set by Seattle Supersonic Ray Allen in 2004–05 and 2005–06. Together, Thompson and Curry combined for 484 threes on the year, besting by one the NBA record they had set the year before. On May 14, 2014, the Golden State Warriors named Steve Kerr the team's head coach, in a reported $25 million deal over five years. It was a first-time head-coaching position for Kerr, 48, a five-time NBA champion point guard who holds the all-time career record for accuracy in three-point shooting (.454). Kerr formerly served as president and general manager for", "title": "History of the Golden State Warriors" }, { "id": "3543353", "text": "the gold medal. In the 2008–09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title. With LeBron James and Chris Bosh, Wade helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014, winning back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013. After 1 seasons away from the Heat with the Chicago Bulls and Cleveland Cavaliers, Wade was traded back to Miami in February 2018. A 12-time NBA All-Star, Wade is Miami's all-time leader in points, games, assists and steals, shots made and shots taken. Dwyane Wade was born on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois,", "title": "Dwyane Wade" }, { "id": "6722106", "text": "points per game were second in the league, and he was fourth in rebounds. Only one player, Kansas City's Nate Archibald, scored more points. Only two, Archibald and Seattle's Spencer Haywood, tried more shots. But Abdul-Jabbar sank 55% of his shots, tops among high-scoring NBA shooters, and likely again blocked more shots than any big man in the league. The seven footer also added five assists per game. A balanced cast of Bucks supported Abdul-Jabbar en route to another 60-win campaign, their third straight. But both teams were showing some gray streaks as West, Chamberlain, and Oscar Robertson, all all-time", "title": "1972–73 NBA season" }, { "id": "8725311", "text": "His primary position is small forward and his career averages are 27.1 points, 7.1 rebounds, and 3.9 assists per game. Widely regarded as one of the best players of his generation, Durant has earned All-NBA honors eight times (2009–14, 2016–18) and was voted Rookie of the Year in his debut season. He has also won an MVP Award and finished second in the voting three times, a trend that he has expressed frustration over. Durant is best known for his prodigious scoring ability. From 2010 to 2014, he won four scoring titles, becoming one of only two players to win", "title": "Kevin Durant" }, { "id": "3066069", "text": "all of the first-place votes) – Ralph Sampson, David Robinson, Blake Griffin, Damian Lillard, and Karl-Anthony Towns. Patrick Ewing of Jamaica, Pau Gasol of Spain, Kyrie Irving and Ben Simmons of Australia and Andrew Wiggins of Canada are the only winners not born in the United States. Three of these individuals have dual nationality by birth—Wiggins and Simmons have American fathers, and both of Irving's parents are Americans. Ewing immigrated to the Boston area at age 11, Irving moved to the United States at age 2, and Wiggins and Simmons moved to the U.S. while in high school. Gasol is", "title": "NBA Rookie of the Year Award" }, { "id": "9708601", "text": "Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game Wilt Chamberlain set the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association (NBA) by scoring 100 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169–147 win over the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962, at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey, Pennsylvania. It is widely considered one of the greatest records in basketball. Chamberlain set five other league records that game including most free throws made, a notable achievement, as he was regarded as a poor free throw shooter. The teams broke the record for most combined points in a game (316). That season, Chamberlain averaged a", "title": "Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game" }, { "id": "7743754", "text": "five more NBA championships in the 1980s with the Los Angeles Lakers, where he teamed up with Magic Johnson, the first pick in 1979. He also won another Finals Most Valuable Player Award in 1985. He won a total of six Most Valuable Player Award, the most in the history of the NBA. He also held the record for the most All-Star Game selections with 19 and the most All-NBA Team selections with 15. Furthermore, he was selected to eleven All-Defensive Teams, the second most selections. He retired as all–time league scoring leader with 38,387 points and the all–time league", "title": "1969 NBA draft" }, { "id": "7411062", "text": "3-pointers made in a year, making 178 out of 434 shots (with a shooting percentage of 41%). On July 10, 2013, Foye was traded to the Denver Nuggets as part of a three-team trade involving the Jazz and the Golden State Warriors. On February 3, 2014, Foye hit the first game-winning shot of his eight-year NBA career, making a 30-foot three-pointer as time expired to claim a 116–115 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. On December 23, 2015, Foye scored a season-high 31 points and made seven three-pointers in a 104–96 win over the Phoenix Suns. On February 18, 2016,", "title": "Randy Foye" }, { "id": "20712838", "text": "boldface. Fan Awards nominees and categories were announced on the league's official website on April 18, 2018. Winners are in boldface. 2018 NBA Awards The 2018 NBA Awards were the 2nd annual awards show by the National Basketball Association (NBA), held on June 25, 2018 at Barker Hangar in Santa Monica, California and hosted by Anthony Anderson. James Harden of the Houston Rockets was awarded the NBA Most Valuable Player Award. During the ceremony, it was revealed during \"EJ's Neat-O Stat of the Night\" that the cover athlete of NBA Live 19 will be Joel Embiid. The full list of", "title": "2018 NBA Awards" }, { "id": "3377210", "text": "December 30, 1994 through January 11, 1995. One of the best free throw shooters in the league, once making 67 in a row (November 12, 1999 – January 6, 2000), one of his most well-known mannerisms was stroking the side of his face three times before every free-throw attempt. That was his way of saying hello to his three children, Tyler, Ryan and Abigaile, during the game. He holds a career free throw percentage of 87.7, 16th highest in NBA history. Hornacek won the NBA three-point competition twice, and along with Natalie Williams, star of the Utah Starzz, won the", "title": "Jeff Hornacek" }, { "id": "2726718", "text": "ahead of Jason Kidd and into fifth on the all-time list. On February 1, in a game against the Denver Nuggets, Carter hit his 2,000th career three-pointer, making him only the fifth player to ever reach that mark. On February 6 against San Antonio, Carter joined Karl Malone, Dikembe Mutombo, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Robert Parish as the only 40-year old players to record at least four blocks in a game. On February 15, in a game against the New Orleans Pelicans, Carter passed Allen Iverson for 23rd on the NBA all-time scoring list. On March 13, Carter made his first", "title": "Vince Carter" }, { "id": "223641", "text": "defeating Boston in 1987, and Detroit in 1988. The Lakers lost to the Pistons in a four-game sweep in his final season. At the time of his retirement, Abdul-Jabbar held the record for most games played by a single player in the NBA; this would later be broken by Robert Parish. He also was the all-time record holder for most points (38,387), most field goals made (15,837), and most minutes played (57,446). Since 2005, Abdul-Jabbar has served as a special assistant coach for the Lakers. He had been interested in coaching since his retirement, and given the influence that he", "title": "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar" }, { "id": "3037950", "text": "comeback attempts following his release, most notably with Chicago Bears in 2013. Mandarich retired in 1998 after three unremarkable seasons with the Indianapolis Colts. Other frequently cited examples include Tim Couch and Akili Smith (both 1999), and Trent Richardson (2012). In the NBA, an example is LaRue Martin, drafted 1st overall in the 1972 NBA Draft ahead of Bob McAdoo and Julius Erving. McAdoo and Erving went on to be elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and are both usually mentioned as all-time greats, whereas Martin only played four NBA seasons for a career average of just", "title": "Draft (sports)" }, { "id": "11667066", "text": "joining the Rockets, he became one of the NBA's most prolific scorers and earned recognition as the best shooting guard in the NBA, as well as one of the top overall players in the league. Harden was named the NBA Most Valuable Player in 2018. He is a six-time NBA All-Star, and has earned All-NBA Team honors five times, including four times to the first team. Harden is a two-time member of the United States national basketball team, winning gold medals in both the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2014 FIBA World Cup. Harden attended Artesia High School in Lakewood, California.", "title": "James Harden" }, { "id": "2726723", "text": "history to start a season opener at 41 years and 264 days old. Only Robert Parish (42 years and 65 days old) was an older opening-night NBA starter than Carter. On November 21, he scored 14 points off the bench in a 124–108 loss to the Toronto Raptors, thus becoming the 22nd player in NBA history to reach 25,000 career points. On December 18, 2018, Carter passed Paul Pierce on the NBA career 3-pointers list with 2,145. During the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Carter performed one of the most memorable dunks of his career when he jumped over French", "title": "Vince Carter" }, { "id": "3543300", "text": "a total of 25,210 as compared to West's 25,192 total points. On March 19, 2018, in a 132-125 victory over the Toronto Raptors, Anthony scored 15 points to up his career total to 25,289 thereby moving past Reggie Miller into 19th place in the NBA career scoring ladder. On July 25, 2018, the Thunder traded Anthony to the Atlanta Hawks in a three-team trade in which they acquired Dennis Schröder from the Hawks and Timothé Luwawu-Cabarrot from the Philadelphia 76ers. The trade was widely seen as a cost-cutting move, as it saved the Thunder tens of millions of dollars in", "title": "Carmelo Anthony" }, { "id": "6700605", "text": "occurred in 1989, when he averaged 16.8 points, 8.1 rebounds and 2.04 blocked shots per game while mostly serving as the team's sixth man. Following the 1989-90 season, he re-signed with the Cavaliers to a 7-year, $26.5 million contract, making him one of the five highest paid players in the NBA in the early 1990s. At the time, this was an unprecedented salary for a sixth man like Williams. Prior March 22, 2009, he ranked as the Cavaliers' all-time leader in blocked shots (1,200) (surpassed by Žydrūnas Ilgauskas). Williams spent nine seasons with the Cavaliers before being traded to the", "title": "John \"Hot Rod\" Williams" }, { "id": "9936757", "text": "and without Conley and Marc Gasol, they were swept by the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs. On April 23, Conley was awarded the NBA Sportsmanship Award for the second time. On July 14, 2016, Conley re-signed with the Grizzlies. His reported five-year, $153 million deal was the greatest contract by total value in NBA history at that point in time. On November 16, 2016, he scored 30 points and hit a career high-tying seven three-pointers in a 111–107 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. On November 29, he was ruled out for six to eight", "title": "Mike Conley Jr." } ]

[ "2019" ]

[ { "id": "2535553", "text": "robotic arm, began in November 2015 and was completed in February 2016. Final construction of the Webb telescope was completed in November 2016, after which extensive testing procedures began. In March 2018, NASA delayed the JWST's launch an additional year to May 2020 after the telescope's sunshield ripped during a practice deployment and the sunshield's cables did not sufficiently tighten. In June 2018, NASA delayed the JWST's launch an additional 10 months to March 2021, based on the assessment of the independent review board convened after the failed March 2018 test deployment. The JWST has a history of major cost", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535526", "text": "Apollo program. Development began in 1996, but the project has had numerous delays and cost overruns, and underwent a major redesign during 2005. In December 2016, NASA announced that construction of the JWST was complete and that its extensive testing phase would begin. In March 2018, NASA delayed the JWST's launch after the telescope's sunshield ripped during a practice deployment. The JWST's launch was delayed again in June 2018 following recommendations from an independent review board, and is currently scheduled for March 2021. The JWST originated in 1996 as the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST). In 2002 it was renamed", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535571", "text": "(STScI), located in Baltimore, Maryland on the Homewood campus of Johns Hopkins University, was selected as the Science and Operations Center (S&OC) for JWST with an initial budget of $162.2 million intended to support operations through the first year after launch. In this capacity, STScI will be responsible for the scientific operation of the telescope and delivery of data products to the astronomical community. Data will be transmitted from JWST to the ground via NASA's Deep Space Network, processed and calibrated at STScI, and then distributed online to astronomers worldwide. Similar to how Hubble is operated, anyone, anywhere in the", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535540", "text": "ring which could be used by a future spacecraft to grapple the observatory to attempt to fix gross deployment problems. However, the telescope itself is not serviceable, and astronauts would not be able to perform tasks such as swapping instruments, as with the Hubble Telescope. Its nominal mission time is five years, with a goal of ten years. JWST needs to use propellant to maintain its halo orbit around L2, which provides an upper limit to its designed lifetime, and it is being designed to carry enough for ten years. The planned five year science mission begins after a 6-month", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535561", "text": "providing the NIRSpec instrument, the Optical Bench Assembly of the MIRI instrument, an Ariane 5 ECA launcher, and manpower to support operations. The CSA will provide the Fine Guidance Sensor and the Near-Infrared Imager Slitless Spectrograph plus manpower to support operations. A large telescope model has been on display at various places since 2005: in the United States at Seattle, Washington; Colorado Springs, Colorado; Greenbelt, Maryland; Rochester, New York; Manhattan, New York; and Orlando, Florida; and elsewhere at Paris, France; Dublin, Ireland; Montreal, Canada; Hatfield, United Kingdom; and Munich, Germany. The model was built by the main contractor, Northrop Grumman", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "19862386", "text": "than $650 million USD. The Telescope is designed to last at least 5 and half years (6 months calibration + 5 years science operations), but with a goal of 10 years. The limiting factor is expected to be fuel to maintain its halo orbit, of which there is enough for at least ten years. Nearly a month after launch, a trajectory correction will be initiated to place the JWST into a halo orbit at L2. James Webb Space Telescope timeline This page lists selected events from the chronology of the James Webb Space Telescope, a planned international 21st century space", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope timeline" }, { "id": "2535525", "text": "other earlier instruments to observe. The telescope must be kept very cold to observe in the infrared without interference, so it will be deployed in space near the Earth–Sun Lagrangian point, and a large sunshield made of five sheets of silicon- and aluminum-coated Kapton will keep JWST's mirror and four science instruments below . The JWST is being developed by NASAwith significant contributions from the Canadian Space Agency and the European Space Agencyand is named after James E. Webb, the American government official who was the administrator of NASA from 1961 to 1968 and played an integral role in the", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535523", "text": "James Webb Space Telescope The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST or \"Webb\") is a space telescope in construction that will be the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. The JWST will provide greatly improved resolution and sensitivity over the Hubble, and will enable a broad range of investigations across the fields of astronomy and cosmology. One of its major goals is observing some of the most distant events and objects in the universe, such as the formation of the first galaxies. These types of targets are beyond the reach of current ground- and space-based instruments. Other goals include understanding the", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535546", "text": "roughly estimated to cost $500 million. In 1997, NASA worked with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Ball Aerospace, and TRW to conduct technical requirement and cost studies, and in 1999 selected Lockheed Martin and TRW for preliminary concept studies. Launch was at that time planned for 2007, but the launch date has subsequently been pushed back many times (see table further down). In 2002, NASA awarded the $824.8 million prime contract for the NGST, now renamed the James Webb Space Telescope, to TRW. The design called for a descoped primary mirror and a launch date of 2010. Later that year,", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "19862385", "text": "James Webb Space Telescope timeline This page lists selected events from the chronology of the James Webb Space Telescope, a planned international 21st century space observatory. It is intended to be a premier observatory of the 2020s, combining the largest mirror yet on a near-infrared space telescope with a suite of technologically advanced instruments from around the world. JWST is expected to cost at least 8.8 billion dollars, including design, construction, and 5 years of operations (does not include extended mission funding) or International contributions. Its likely peak year for funding was probably 2014, when the project ate up more", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope timeline" }, { "id": "2535539", "text": "the Spacecraft Bus is the central computing, memory storage, and communications equipment. The processor and software direct data to and from the instruments, to the solid-state memory core, and to the radio system which can send data back to Earth and receive commands. The computer also controls the pointing and moment of the spacecraft, taking in sensor data from the gyroscopes and star tracker, and sending the necessary commands to the reaction wheels or thrusters depending. Launch is planned March 30, 2021, on an Ariane 5 rocket. The observatory attaches to the Ariane 5 rocket via a launch vehicle adapter", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "500267", "text": "repaired, upgraded, and replaced systems on the telescope, including all five of the main instruments. The fifth mission was initially canceled on safety grounds following the \"Columbia\" disaster (2003). However, after spirited public discussion, NASA administrator Mike Griffin approved the fifth servicing mission, completed in 2009. The telescope is operating , and could last until 2030–2040. Its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is scheduled for launch in March 2021. In 1923, Hermann Oberth—considered a father of modern rocketry, along with Robert H. Goddard and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky—published \"\" (\"The Rocket into Planetary Space\"), which mentioned how a telescope could", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535551", "text": "Module review in March 2009, the Optical Telescope Element review completed in October 2009, and the Sunshield review completed in January 2010. In April 2010, the telescope passed the technical portion of its Mission Critical Design Review (MCDR). Passing the MCDR signified the integrated observatory can meet all science and engineering requirements for its mission. The MCDR encompassed all previous design reviews. The project schedule underwent review during the months following the MCDR, in a process called the Independent Comprehensive Review Panel, which led to a re-plan of the mission aiming for a 2015 launch, but as late as 2018.", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535538", "text": "It was assembled in California by 2015, and after that it had to be integrated with the rest of the space telescope leading up to its planned 2021 launch. The bus can provide pointing of one-arcsecond and isolates vibration down to two milliarcseconds. The Spacecraft Bus is on the Sun-facing \"warm\" side and operates at a temperature of about 300 K. Everything on the Sun facing side must be able to handle the thermal conditions of JWST's halo orbit, which has one side in continuous sunlight and the other in the shade of the spacecraft sunshield. Another important aspect of", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535527", "text": "after NASA's second administrator (1961–1968) James E. Webb (1906–1992), noted for playing a key role in the Apollo program and establishing scientific research as a core NASA activity. The JWST is a project of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the United States space agency, with international collaboration from the European Space Agency and the Canadian Space Agency. The telescope has an expected mass about half of Hubble Space Telescope's, but its primary mirror (a 6.5 meter diameter gold-coated beryllium reflector) will have a collecting area about five times as large ( vs. ). The JWST is oriented toward near-infrared", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535529", "text": "the target chemical compounds, such as water, carbon dioxide, and methane, also exist in the Earth's atmosphere, vastly complicating analysis. Existing space telescopes such as Hubble cannot study these bands since their mirrors are not cool enough (the Hubble mirror is maintained at about 15 degrees C) and hence the telescope itself radiates strongly in the infrared bands. The JWST will operate near the Earth–Sun L (Lagrange) point, approximately beyond Earth's orbit. By way of comparison, Hubble orbits above Earth's surface, and the Moon is roughly from Earth. This distance makes post-launch repair or upgrade of the JWST hardware virtually", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "20361843", "text": "18, 2018 and will search for exoplanets using the transit method. This mission is scheduled to run for two years, and will focus on 200,000 stars near our solar system to find orbiting exoplanets. TESS is on a larger scale than missions before as it will study brighter stars and cover more sky area than the 2013 Kepler mission did. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is scheduled to launch on March 30, 2021 as a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). It is an infrared telescope with a 6.5-meter primary mirror", "title": "Future of space exploration" }, { "id": "6111193", "text": "near infrared spectra. Hubble's images are some of the most detailed images ever taken, leading to many breakthroughs in astrophysics, such as accurately determining the rate of expansion of the universe. The James Webb Space Telescope is the formal successor of the Hubble Space Telescope. It is set to launch in March 30, 2021, and is \"one of the most ambitious and technically complex missions NASA has ever set its focus upon.\" The James Webb Space Telescope is a space-based telescope, and is set to orbit near the second Lagrange point of the Earth-Sun system, 1,500,000 kilometers (930,000 miles) from", "title": "Visible-light astronomy" }, { "id": "14659854", "text": "is evidenced in the RealWorld-InWorld Engineering Design Challenge. This challenge is focused on the telescope which bears the name of James Webb, the man that launched America into the successful era of space exploration that provided much understanding and scientific breakthrough. The James Webb Space Telescope is scheduled for launch in 2018. From its orbit of about 1 million miles from the Earth's surface the JWST will use infrared technology to peer into space, helping scientists make observations about the origins of the universe. The JWST will observe the history of the universe from the moments following the Big Bang", "title": "NASA RealWorld-InWorld Engineering Design Challenge" }, { "id": "500364", "text": "for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the formal successor of Hubble. Very different from a scaled-up Hubble, it is designed to operate colder and farther away from the Earth at the L2 Lagrangian point, where thermal and optical interference from the Earth and Moon are lessened. It is not engineered to be fully serviceable (such as replaceable instruments), but the design includes a docking ring to enable visits from other spacecraft. A main scientific goal of JWST is to observe the most distant objects in the universe, beyond the reach of existing instruments. It is expected to detect stars", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535535", "text": "several companies including Axsys, Brush Wellman, and Tinsley Laboratories. The final segment of the primary mirror was installed on February 3, 2016, and the secondary mirror was installed on March 3, 2016. The Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) is a framework that provides electrical power, computing resources, cooling capability as well as structural stability to the Webb telescope. It is made with bonded graphite-epoxy composite attached to the underside of Webb's telescope structure. The ISIM holds the four science instruments and a guide camera. NIRCam and MIRI feature starlight-blocking coronagraphs for observation of faint targets such as extrasolar planets and", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535552", "text": "By 2010, cost over-runs were impacting other projects, though JWST itself remained on schedule. By 2011, the JWST project was in the final design and fabrication phase (Phase C). As is typical for a complex design that cannot be changed once launched, there are detailed reviews of every portion of design, construction, and proposed operation. New technological frontiers have been pioneered by the project, and it has passed its design reviews. In the 1990s it was unknown if a telescope so large and low mass was possible. Assembly of the hexagonal segments of the primary mirror, which was done via", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535555", "text": "had reached about $5 billion by the time the mission was formally confirmed for construction start in 2008. In summer 2010, the mission passed its Critical Design Review with excellent grades on all technical matters, but schedule and cost slips at that time prompted Maryland US Senator Barbara Mikulski to call for an independent review of the project. The Independent Comprehensive Review Panel (ICRP) chaired by J. Casani (JPL) found that the earliest possible launch date was in late 2015 at an extra cost of $1.5bn (for a total of $6.5bn). They also pointed out that this would have required", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535560", "text": "it will release a revised cost estimate after a new launch window is determined in cooperation with the ESA. If this cost estimate exceeds the $8 billion cap Congress put in place in 2011, as is considered unavoidable, NASA will have to have the mission re-authorized by the legislature. NASA, ESA and CSA have collaborated on the telescope since 1996. ESA's participation in construction and launch was approved by its members in 2003 and an agreement was signed between ESA and NASA in 2007. In exchange for full partnership, representation and access to the observatory for its astronomers, ESA is", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535559", "text": "budget predictability improved when initial development milestones were achieved. By the mid-2010s, the U.S. contribution was still expected to cost $8.8 billion. In 2007, the expected ESA contribution was about €350 million. With the U.S. and international funding combined, the overall cost not including extended operations is projected to be over $10 billion when completed. On 27 March 2018, NASA officials announced that JWST's launch would be pushed back to May 2020 or later, and admitted that the project's costs might exceed the $8.8 billion price tag. In the March 27 press release announcing the latest delay, NASA said that", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535536", "text": "circumstellar disks very close to bright stars. The infrared detectors for the NIRCam, NIRSpec, FGS, and NIRISS modules are being provided by Teledyne Imaging Sensors (formerly Rockwell Scientific Company). The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) and Command and Data Handling (ICDH) engineering team uses SpaceWire to send data between the science instruments and the data-handling equipment. The \"Spacecraft Bus\" is the primary support component of the James Webb Space Telescope, that hosts a multitude of computing, communication, propulsion, and structural parts, bringing the different parts of the telescope together. Along with the Sunshield, it forms", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535533", "text": "the telescope is launched. Image plane wavefront sensing through phase retrieval will be used to position the mirror segments in the correct location using very precise micro-motors. Subsequent to this initial configuration they will only need occasional updates every few days to retain optimal focus. This is unlike terrestrial telescopes like the Keck which continually adjust their mirror segments using active optics to overcome the effects of gravitational and wind loading, and is made possible because of the lack of environmental disturbances of a telescope in space. JWST's optical design is a three-mirror anastigmat, which makes use of curved secondary", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535575", "text": "selection of 13 Director's Discretionary Early Release Science (DD-ERS) Programs, chosen through a competitive proposal process. The observations for these programs will be obtained during the first five months of JWST science operations after the end of the commissioning period. A total of 460 hours of observing time was awarded to these 13 programs, which span science topics including the Solar System, exoplanets, stars and star formation, nearby and distant galaxies, gravitational lenses, and quasars. James Webb Space Telescope The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST or \"Webb\") is a space telescope in construction that will be the successor to the", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "12213621", "text": "lift vehicle. The Space Launch System is intended to launch the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and other elements towards the Moon, near-Earth asteroids, and one day Mars. The Orion MPCV conducted an unmanned test launch on a Delta IV Heavy rocket in December 2014. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is currently scheduled to launch in May 2020. On August 6, 2012, NASA landed the rover \"Curiosity\" on Mars. On August 27, 2012, \"Curiosity\" transmitted the first pre-recorded message from the surface of Mars back to Earth, made by Administrator Charlie Bolden: NASA's ongoing investigations include in-depth surveys of Mars", "title": "NASA" }, { "id": "2535565", "text": "some abnormal light-curve properties. The JWST will be located near the second Lagrange point () of the Earth-Sun system, which is from Earth, directly opposite to the Sun. Normally an object circling the Sun farther out than Earth would take longer than one year to complete its orbit, but near the point the combined gravitational pull of the Earth and the Sun allow a spacecraft to orbit the Sun in the same time it takes the Earth. The telescope will circle about the point in a halo orbit, which will be inclined with respect to the ecliptic, have a radius", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535573", "text": "Image Digitization, Enhancement, Control And Retrieval Application Specific Integrated Circuit). NASA stated that the SIDECAR ASIC will include all the functions of a instrument box in a 3 cm package and consume only of power. Since this conversion must be done close to the detectors, on the cool side of the telescope, the low power use of this IC will be crucial for maintaining the low temperature required for optimal operation of the JWST. Nearly a month after launch, a trajectory correction will be initiated to place the JWST into a halo orbit at the lagrangian point. JWST observing time", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535563", "text": "New York City's Battery Park during the 2010 World Science Festival, where it served as the backdrop for a panel discussion featuring Nobel Prize laureate John C. Mather, astronaut John M. Grunsfeld and astronomer Heidi Hammel. In March 2013, the model was on display in Austin, Texas for SXSW 2013. The JWST's primary scientific mission has four key goals: to search for light from the first stars and galaxies that formed in the Universe after the Big Bang, to study the formation and evolution of galaxies, to understand the formation of stars and planetary systems and to study planetary systems", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535566", "text": "of approximately , and take about half a year to complete. Since is just an equilibrium point with no gravitational pull, a halo orbit is not an orbit in the usual sense: the spacecraft is actually in orbit around the Sun, and the halo orbit can be thought of as controlled drifting to remain in the vicinity of the point. This requires some station-keeping: around 2–4 m/s per year from the total budget of 150 m/s. Two sets of thrusters constitute the observatory's propulsion system. JWST is the formal successor to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and since its primary", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535530", "text": "impossible. Objects near this point can orbit the Sun in synchrony with the Earth, allowing the telescope to remain at a roughly constant distance and use a single sunshield to block heat and light from the Sun and Earth. This will keep the temperature of the spacecraft below , necessary for infrared observations. The prime contractor is Northrop Grumman. To make observations in the infrared spectrum, the JWST must be kept very cold (under ), otherwise infrared radiation from the telescope itself would overwhelm its instruments. Therefore, it uses a large sunshield to block light and heat from the Sun,", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535544", "text": "(or about $1 billion in 2006 constant dollars), but by the time it was sent into orbit in 1990, the cost was about four times that. In addition new instruments and servicing missions increased the cost to at least $9 billion by 2006. In contrast to other proposed observatories, most of which have already been canceled or put on hold, including Terrestrial Planet Finder (2011), Space Interferometry Mission (2010), International X-ray Observatory (2011), MAXIM (Microarcsecond X-ray Imaging Mission), SAFIR (Single Aperture Far-Infrared Observatory), SUVO (Space Ultraviolet-Visible Observatory), and the SPECS (Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure), the JWST", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535547", "text": "TRW was acquired by Northrop Grumman in a hostile bid and became Northrop Grumman Space Technology. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, is leading the management of the observatory project. The project scientist for the James Webb Space Telescope is John C. Mather. Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems serves as the primary contractor for the development and integration of the observatory. They are responsible for developing and building the spacecraft element, which includes both the spacecraft bus and sunshield. Ball Aerospace has been subcontracted to develop and build the Optical Telescope Element (OTE). Northrop Grumman's Astro Aerospace business unit", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535549", "text": "features of the observatory were unchanged. Following the re-planning, the project was independently reviewed in April 2006. The review concluded the project was technically sound, but that funding phasing at NASA needed to be changed. NASA re-phased its JWST budgets accordingly. In the 2005 re-plan, the life-cycle cost of the project was estimated at about US$4.5 billion. This comprised approximately US$3.5 billion for design, development, launch and commissioning, and approximately US$1.0 billion for ten years of operations. ESA is contributing about €300 million, including the launch, and the Canadian Space Agency about $39M Canadian. In January 2007, nine of the", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "8215524", "text": "were successful, the telescope could easily last longer than that. The next large telescope scheduled to be launched is the James Webb Space Telescope in 2020, which is infrared-only, so to have Hubble, which has ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared capabilities, still operational after 2018 would be of great benefit to the scientific community. After awakening at 8:31 UTC, the crew set to work preparing to release Hubble from the payload bay of \"Atlantis\". Using the shuttle's robotic arm, McArthur grappled Hubble at 10:45 UTC, and lifted it out of the orbiter's payload bay to prepare for the release. Good and", "title": "STS-125" }, { "id": "1067739", "text": "resulted in Hubble performance considerably better than planned at its origin. It is now expected that the Hubble will remain operational until its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is available in 2018. The Chandra X-ray Observatory, originating at MSFC, was launched on July 3, 1999, and is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. With an angular resolution of 0.5 arcsecond (2.4 µrad), it has a thousand times better resolution than the first orbiting X-ray telescopes. Its highly eliptical orbit allows continuous observations up to 85 percent of its 65-hour orbital period. With its ability to make X-ray images", "title": "Marshall Space Flight Center" }, { "id": "2535548", "text": "has been contracted to build the Deployable Tower Assembly (DTA) which connects the OTE to the spacecraft bus and the Mid Boom Assembly (MBA) which helps to deploy the large sunshields on orbit. Goddard Space Flight Center is also responsible for providing the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM). Cost growth revealed in spring 2005 led to an August 2005 re-planning. The primary technical outcomes of the re-planning were significant changes in the integration and test plans, a 22-month launch delay (from 2011 to 2013), and elimination of system-level testing for observatory modes at wavelength shorter than 1.7 micrometers. Other major", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535531", "text": "Earth, and Moon, and its position near the Earth–Sun point keeps all three bodies on the same side of the spacecraft at all times. Its halo orbit around avoids the shadow of the Earth and Moon, maintaining a constant environment for the sunshield and solar arrays. The shielding maintains a stable temperature throughout the structures on the dark side, which is critical to maintaining precise alignment of the primary mirror segments. The five-layer sunshield is constructed from polyimide film, with membranes coated with aluminum on one side and silicon on the other. Accidental tears of the delicate film structure during", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535564", "text": "and the origins of life. These goals can be accomplished more effectively by observation in near-infrared light rather than light in the visible part of the spectrum. For this reason the JWST's instruments will not measure visible or ultraviolet light like the Hubble Telescope, but will have a much greater capacity to perform infrared astronomy. The JWST will be sensitive to a range of wavelengths from 0.6 (orange light) to 28 micrometers (deep infrared radiation at about ). JWST may be used to gather information on the dimming light of star KIC 8462852, which was discovered in 2015, and has", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535574", "text": "will be allocated through a Director's Discretionary Early Release Science (DD-ERS) Program, a Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO) Program, and a General Observers (GO) Program. The GTO Program provides guaranteed observing time for scientists who developed hardware and software components for the observatory. The GO Program provides all astronomers the opportunity to apply for observing time. GO programs will be selected through peer review by a Time Allocation Committee (TAC), similar to the proposal review process used for the Hubble Space Telescope. JWST observing time is expected to be highly oversubscribed. In November 2017, the Space Telescope Science Institute announced the", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535534", "text": "and tertiary mirrors to deliver images that are free of optical aberrations over a wide field. In addition, there is a fast steering mirror, which can adjust its position many times per second to provide image stabilization. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. is the principal optical subcontractor for the JWST project, led by prime contractor Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, under a contract from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Maryland. Eighteen primary mirror segments, secondary, tertiary and fine steering mirrors, plus flight spares have been fabricated and polished by Ball Aerospace based on beryllium segment blanks manufactured by", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2805020", "text": "the 1998 miniseries, \"From the Earth to the Moon\". Webb was played by Ken Strunk in the 2016 film, \"Hidden Figures\". NASA's planned James Webb Space Telescope was renamed in Webb's honor in 2002. This telescope, to be launched in 2021, is referred to as \"the Hubble successor\". Bibliography James E. Webb James Edwin Webb (October 7, 1906 – March 27, 1992) was an American government official who served as the second administrator of NASA from February 14, 1961 to October 7, 1968. Webb oversaw NASA from the beginning of the Kennedy administration through the end of the Johnson administration,", "title": "James E. Webb" }, { "id": "2535545", "text": "is the last big NASA astrophysics mission of its generation to be built. Early development work for a Hubble successor between 1989 and 1994 led to the Hi-Z telescope concept, a fully baffled 4-meter aperture infrared telescope that would recede to an orbit at 3 AU. This distant orbit would have benefited from reduced light noise from zodiacal dust. Other early plans called for a NEXUS precursor telescope mission. In the \"faster, better, cheaper\" era in the mid-1990s, NASA leaders pushed for a low-cost space telescope. The result was the NGST concept, with an 8-meter aperture and located at L,", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "8872122", "text": "In 2007, Mather was listed among \"Time\" magazine's 100 Most Influential People in The World. In October, 2012, he was listed again by \"Time\" magazine in a special issue on New Space Discoveries as one of 25 most influential people in space. Mather is also the project scientist for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), a space telescope scheduled to be launched to Lagrange Point L2 in March 2021. In 2014, Mather delivered an address on the Webb Space Telescope at the second Starmus Festival in the Canary Islands. Mather is the Science Director of the National Academy of Future", "title": "John C. Mather" }, { "id": "500362", "text": "(SCRS). , the Trump Administration is considering a proposal by the Sierra Nevada Corporation to use a manned version of its Dream Chaser spacecraft to service \"Hubble\" some time in the 2020s both as a continuation of its scientific capabilities and as insurance against any malfunctions in the to-be-launched James Webb Space Telescope. There is no direct replacement to Hubble as an ultraviolet and visible light space telescope, because near-term space telescopes do not duplicate Hubble's wavelength coverage (near-ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths), instead concentrating on the farther infrared bands. These bands are preferred for studying high redshift and low-temperature objects,", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "id": "500315", "text": "to be able to reach the safe haven of the International Space Station should in-flight problems develop. As no shuttles were capable of reaching both HST and the ISS during the same mission, future crewed service missions were canceled. This decision was assailed by numerous astronomers, who felt that Hubble was valuable enough to merit the human risk. HST's planned successor, the James Webb Telescope (JWST), was not expected to launch until at least 2018. A gap in space-observing capabilities between a decommissioning of Hubble and the commissioning of a successor was of major concern to many astronomers, given the", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535572", "text": "world, will be allowed to submit proposals for observations. Each year several committees of astronomers will peer review the submitted proposals to select the projects to observe in the coming year. The authors of the chosen proposals will typically have one year of private access to the new observations, after which the data will become publicly available for download by anyone from the online archive at STScI. Most of the data processing on the telescope is done by conventional single-board computers. The conversion of the analog science data to digital form is performed by the custom-built SIDECAR ASIC (System for", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "19869409", "text": "Integrated Science Instrument Module Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) is a component of the James Webb Space Telescope, a large international infrared space telescope planned for launch in spring 2021. ISIM is the heart of the JWST, and holds the main science payload which includes four science instruments and the fine guidance sensor. ISIM is the spacecraft chassis and instruments that take the light from the main mirror and convert that into the science data that is then sent back to Earth. The other two major sections of the JWST are the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) (mirror and their structure)", "title": "Integrated Science Instrument Module" }, { "id": "2192088", "text": "Other missions such as the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) are currently studying the Sun and how its behavior affects life on the Earth. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is mapping out the composition and topography of the moon and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is tracking the sun's energy and influence on the Earth. The Goddard community continually works on numerous operations and projects that have launch dates ranging from the upcoming year to a decade down the road. These operations also vary in what scientists hope they will uncover. Particularly noteworthy operations include: the James Webb Space Telescope", "title": "Goddard Space Flight Center" }, { "id": "2068617", "text": "13.4 billion years ago. On 1 October 2016, \"Spitzer\" began its Observation Cycle 13, a year extended mission nicknamed \"Beyond\". One of the goals of this extended mission is to help prepare for the James Webb Space Telescope, also an infrared telescope, by identifying candidates for more detailed observations. Another aspect of the \"Beyond\" mission are the engineering challenges of operating \"Spitzer\" in its progressing orbital phase. As the spacecraft moves farther from Earth on the same orbital path from the Sun, its antenna must point at increasingly higher angles to communicate with ground stations; this change in angle imparts", "title": "Spitzer Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535532", "text": "testing are one factor delaying the project. The sunshield is designed to be folded twelve times so it will fit within the Ariane 5 rocket's payload fairing. Once deployed at the L2 point, it will unfold to . The sunshield was hand-assembled at Man Tech (NeXolve) in Huntsville, Alabama, before it was delivered to Northrop Grumman in Redondo Beach, California, USA for testing. JWST's primary mirror is a 6.5-meter-diameter gold-coated beryllium reflector with a collecting area of 25 m. This is too large for existing launch vehicles, so the mirror is composed of 18 hexagonal segments, which will unfold after", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "20279347", "text": "2021 in spaceflight This article documents expected notable spaceflight events during the year 2021. Two spaceflights to the Moon are planned to take place in 2021. Japan plans to launch the SLIM lunar lander, and Russia will resume its Luna-Glob exploration programme with the Luna 25 lander. NASA plans a return to the Moon sometime in the 2020s, and following that a manned exploration of Mars in the mid 2030s. The long-delayed James Webb Space Telescope, the largest space telescope ever built, will be launched to the Sun–Earth point by a European Ariane 5 rocket in March. The trend towards", "title": "2021 in spaceflight" }, { "id": "14659855", "text": "through the formation of solar systems, including our own. It will study the origin of life supporting environments and the process of planetary formation. The JWST is a collaborative effort between NASA,the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency. The project is currently being managed by the NASA Goddard Space Center. The contracting company involved in the development is Northrup Grumman. After launch the telescope will be operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute. The project was formerly known as the \"Next Generation Space Telescope\" but was renamed after James Webb in 2002. The goals of the JWST are", "title": "NASA RealWorld-InWorld Engineering Design Challenge" }, { "id": "2535543", "text": "of coolant, such as the extended missions of Spitzer and NEOWISE. Another example is Hubble's NICMOS instrument, which started out using a block of nitrogen ice that depleted after a couple of years, but was then converted to a cryocooler that worked continuously. The James Webb Space Telescope is designed to cool itself without a dewar, using a combination of sunshield and radiators with the mid-infrared instrument using an additional cryocooler. The telescope's delays and cost increases can be compared to the Hubble Space Telescope. When Hubble formally started in 1972, it had an estimated development cost of $300 million", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "3740723", "text": "Global Geoscience WIND satellite—each have annual station-keeping propellant requirements of approximately 1 m/s or less. Earth-Sun —approximately 1.5 million kilometers from Earth in the anti-sun direction—is another important Lagrangian point, and the ESA Herschel space observatory operated there in a Lissajous orbit during 2009–2013, at which time it ran out of coolant for the space telescope. Small station-keeping orbital maneuvers were executed approximately monthly to maintain the spacecraft in the station-keeping orbit. The James Webb Space Telescope needs to use propellant to maintain its halo orbit around the Earth-Sun L2, which provides an upper limit to its designed lifetime: it", "title": "Orbital station-keeping" }, { "id": "11623342", "text": "Festival held in New York City, by the James Webb Space Telescope model in Battery Park. Hammel talked about the discoveries anticipated in 2014 with the launching of the James Webb Space Telescope, which will be the world's most powerful space telescope, being the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. Other speakers included John C. Mather, a Nobel laureate and the Webb telescope's senior project scientist and Dr. John Grunsfeld, astronaut, physicist and \"chief repairman\" of the Hubble Telescope. On November 2, 2010, The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy announced the appointment of Hammel to the position of", "title": "Heidi Hammel" }, { "id": "2535558", "text": "a 2010 \"Nature\" article described the JWST as \"the telescope that ate astronomy\". A review of NASA budget records and status reports noted that the JWST is plagued by many of the same problems that have affected other major NASA projects. Repairs and additional testing included underestimates of the telescope's cost that failed to budget for expected technical glitches, missed budget projections, and evaluation of components to estimate extreme launch conditions, thus extending the schedule and increasing costs further. One reason for the early cost growth is that it is difficult to forecast the cost of development, and in general", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "6224642", "text": "New Worlds Mission The New Worlds Mission is a proposed project comprising a large occulter flying in formation designed to block the light of nearby stars in order to observe their orbiting exoplanets. The observations could be taken with an existing space telescope, possibly the James Webb Space Telescope when it launches, or a dedicated visible light optical telescope optimally designed for the task of finding exoplanets. A preliminary research project was funded from 2005 through 2008 by NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC) and headed by Webster Cash of the University of Colorado at Boulder in conjunction with Ball", "title": "New Worlds Mission" }, { "id": "2535557", "text": "plagued by poor management\". In response, the American Astronomical Society issued a statement in support of JWST, as did Maryland US Senator Barbara Mikulski. A number of editorials supporting JWST appeared in the international press during 2011 as well. In November 2011, Congress reversed plans to cancel the JWST and instead capped additional funding to complete the project at $8 billion. Some scientists have expressed concerns about growing costs and schedule delays for the Webb telescope, which competes for scant astronomy budgets and thus threatens funding for other space science programs. Because the runaway budget diverted funding from other research,", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535524", "text": "formation of stars and planets, and direct imaging of exoplanets and novas. The JWST's primary mirror is composed of 18 hexagonal mirror segments made of gold-coated beryllium. These combine to create a diameter mirror that is much larger than the Hubble's mirror. Unlike the Hubble, which observes in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared (0.1 to 1 μm) spectra, the JWST will observe in a lower frequency range from long-wavelength visible light through mid-infrared (0.6 to 27 μm). This will allow the JWST to observe high redshift objects that are too old and too distant for the Hubble and", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535554", "text": "overruns and delays which have resulted in part from outside factors such as delays in deciding on a launch vehicle and adding extra funding for contingencies. By 2006, $1 billion had been spent on developing JWST, with the budget at about $4.5 billion at that time. A 2006 article in the journal \"Nature\" noted a study in 1984 by the Space Science Board, which estimated that a next generation infrared observatory would cost $4 billion (about $7 billion in 2006 dollars). The telescope was originally estimated to cost $1.6 billion, but the cost estimate grew throughout the early development and", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "19869973", "text": "Optical Telescope Element Optical Telescope Element (OTE) is a sub-section of the James Webb Space Telescope, a large infrared space telescope scheduled to be launched early 2021. The OTE consists of some major parts of the telescopes including the main mirror, the secondary mirrors, the framework and controls to support those mirrors, and various thermal and other systems to support the functioning of the telescope. The other two major sections of the JWST are the Integrated Science Instrument Module (holds instruments) and the Spacecraft Element (SE), which includes the Spacecraft Bus and Sunshield. The OTE collects the light and sends", "title": "Optical Telescope Element" }, { "id": "2535570", "text": "dwarfs, planets both in our own and other solar systems, comets and Kuiper belt objects that will be observed with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) requiring an additional cryocooler. Some of the missions in infrared astronomy that impacted JWST development were Spitzer and also the WMAP probe. Spitzer showed the importance of mid-infrared, such as in its observing dust disks around stars. Also, the WMAP probe showed the universe was \"lit up\" at redshift 17, further underscoring the importance of the mid-infrared. Both these missions launched in the early 2000s, in time to influence JWST development. The Space Telescope Science Institute", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "5242546", "text": "the communication to the lowest common speed. The routing decisions are based on the programmed routing table and the initial incoming frame contents. SpaceWire is used worldwide. Its use began primarily in ESA projects, but it is currently used by NASA, JAXA, RKA, and many other organizations and companies. Some NASA projects using it include the James Webb Space Telescope, Swift's Burst Alert Telescope, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, LCROSS, the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R), and the SCaN Testbed, previously known as the Communications, Navigation, and Networking Reconfigurable Testbed (CoNNeCT). It has also been selected by the United States Department", "title": "SpaceWire" }, { "id": "1706751", "text": "program, and received $2.9 million for Phase 1 and $19 million for Phase 2. The TERN program attempts to launch and recover a UAV from mid-size ships to provide long distance intelligence gathering. In July 2013, Northrop Grumman won a training-simulation contract potentially worth $490 million to support the U.S. Air Force's next-generation aerial warfare virtual-training network. As of 2018, Northrop Grumman is the primary contractor for the James Webb Space Telescope. In October 2015, the US Military announced it had awarded Northrop Grumman the contract for the successor to the B-1 and B-52, subsequently identified as the B-21. The", "title": "Northrop Grumman" }, { "id": "2535542", "text": "the wavelength of infrared, the colder they need to be. If not, the background heat of the device itself overwhelms the detectors, making it effectively blind. This can be overcome by careful spacecraft design, in particular by placing the telescope in a dewar with an extremely cold substance, such as liquid helium. This has meant most infrared telescopes have a lifespan limited by their coolant, as short as a few months, maybe a few years at most. It has been possible to maintain a temperature low enough through the design of the spacecraft to enable near-infrared observations without a supply", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2192093", "text": "tend to be known by their initials. In some cases, the mission's name gives an indication of the type of instrument involved. For example, the James Webb Space Telescope is, as its name indicates, a telescope, but it includes a suite of four distinct scientific instruments: Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI); Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam); Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec); Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (FGS-NIRISS). Scientists at Goddard work closely with the engineers to develop these instruments. Typically, a mission consists of a spacecraft with an instrument suite (multiple instruments) on board. In some cases, the scientific requirements dictate", "title": "Goddard Space Flight Center" }, { "id": "2535528", "text": "astronomy, but can also see orange and red visible light, as well as the mid-infrared region, depending on the instrument. The design emphasizes the near to mid-infrared for three main reasons: High-redshift objects have their visible emissions shifted into the infrared, cold objects such as debris disks and planets emit most strongly in the infrared, and this band is difficult to study from the ground or by existing space telescopes such as Hubble. Ground-based telescopes must look through the atmosphere, which is opaque in many infrared bands (see figure of atmospheric transmission). Even where the atmosphere is transparent, many of", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "3415345", "text": "physics is expected to expand with better instruments including larger particle accelerators such as the LHC and better neutrino detectors. Dark matter is sought via underground detectors and observatories like LIGO have started to detect gravitational waves. Genetic engineering technology continues to improve, and the importance of epigenetics on development and inheritance has also become increasingly recognized. New spaceflight technology and spacecraft are also being developed, like the Orion and Dragon. New, more capable space telescopes, such as the James Webb Telescope, to be launched to orbit in early 2021, and the Colossus Telescope are being designed. The International Space", "title": "History of technology" }, { "id": "2535550", "text": "ten technology development items in the project successfully passed a non-advocate review. These technologies were deemed sufficiently mature to retire significant risks in the project. The remaining technology development item (the MIRI cryocooler) completed its technology maturation milestone in April 2007. This technology review represented the beginning step in the process that ultimately moved the project into its detailed design phase (Phase C). By May 2007, costs were still on target. In March 2008, the project successfully completed its Preliminary Design Review (PDR). In April 2008, the project passed the Non-Advocate Review. Other passed reviews include the Integrated Science Instrument", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535537", "text": "the Spacecraft Element of the space telescope. The other two major elements of the JWST are the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) and the Optical Telescope Element (OTE). Region 3 of ISIM is also inside the \"Spacecraft Bus\"; region 3 includes ISIM Command and Data Handling subsystem and the MIRI cryocooler. The Spacecraft Bus is connected to Optical Telescope Element via the Deployable Tower Assembly, which also connects to the sunshield. The structure of the Spacecraft Bus must support the 6.5-ton space telescope, while it itself weighs 350 kg (about 770 lb). It is made primarily of graphite composite material.", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "6224649", "text": "an astrophysicist at the University of Colorado at Boulder's Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy. The proposed spacecraft is designed to work in tandem with space telescopes like the James Webb Telescope or a new 4-meter telescope. It would fly in front of a space telescope (between the telescope and a target star) and approximately away from Earth, outside of Earth's heliocentric orbit. When unfurled, the starshade resembles a sunflower, with pointed protrusions around its circumference. The starshade acts as a very large coronagraph: it blocks light of a distant star, making it easier to observe associated planets. The unfurled", "title": "New Worlds Mission" }, { "id": "17650992", "text": "NIRSpec The NIRSpec (Near-Infrared Spectrograph) is one of the four scientific instruments which will be flown on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The JWST is the follow-on mission to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and is developed to receive more information about the origins of the universe by observing infrared light from the first stars and galaxies. In comparison to HST, its instruments will allow looking further back in time and will study the so-called Dark Ages during which the universe was opaque, about 150 to 800 million years after the Big Bang. The NIRSpec instrument is a multi-object", "title": "NIRSpec" }, { "id": "2535541", "text": "commissioning phase. An L2 orbit is only meta-stable so it requires orbital station-keeping or an object will drift away from this orbital configuration. The desire for a large infrared space telescope traces back decades; in the United States the \"Shuttle Infrared Telescope Facility\" was planned while the Space Shuttle was in development and the potential for infrared astronomy was acknowledged at that time. Compared to ground telescopes, space observatories were free from atmospheric absorption of infrared light; this would be a whole \"new sky\" for astronomers. However, infrared telescopes have a disadvantagethey need to stay extremely cold and the longer", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "1067736", "text": "in part by the people and facilities at Marshall. The Center was not only responsible for the design, development, and construction of these telescopes, but it is also now home to the only facility in the world for testing large telescope mirrors in a space-simulated environment. Preliminary work has started on a Hubble successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST); this will be the largest primary mirror ever assembled in space. In the future, the facility will likely be used for another successor, the Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope (AT-LAST). The National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC) is a", "title": "Marshall Space Flight Center" }, { "id": "14659851", "text": "Webb Space Telescope. The James Webb Space Telescope, also known as JWST, was named after former NASA Administrator James Webb. Webb ran the space agency from February 1961 until October 1968. He is considered to have made great contributions to space science which led to the JWST, the next-generation space telescope, which bears his name. Webb is most commonly linked to the Apollo Space Program. It is surprising, considering his vast accomplishments, that Webb was somewhat reluctant to accept the position as NASA administrator. He was not an engineer or scientist, but had held other notable positions in government and", "title": "NASA RealWorld-InWorld Engineering Design Challenge" }, { "id": "2535568", "text": "the infrared, often overwhelming light from the object being observed. This makes a space telescope preferable for infrared observation. The more distant an object is, the younger it appears: its light has taken longer to reach human observers. Because the universe is expanding, as the light travels it becomes red-shifted, and objects at extreme distances are therefore easier to see if viewed in the infrared. JWST's infrared capabilities are expected to let it see back in time to the first galaxies forming just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. Infrared radiation can pass more freely through regions", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "1504831", "text": "Space Telescope Science Institute The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is the science operations center for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). STScI is located on the Johns Hopkins University Homewood Campus in Baltimore, Maryland and was established in 1981 as a community-based science center that is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA). In addition to performing continuing science operations of HST and preparing for scientific exploration with JWST, STScI manages and operates the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST), the Data Management Center for the", "title": "Space Telescope Science Institute" }, { "id": "2535556", "text": "extra funding in FY2011 and FY2012 and that any later launch date would lead to a higher total cost. On 6 July 2011, the United States House of Representatives' appropriations committee on Commerce, Justice, and Science moved to cancel the James Webb project by proposing an FY2012 budget that removed $1.9bn from NASA's overall budget, of which roughly one quarter was for JWST. $3 billion had been spent and 75% of its hardware was in production. This budget proposal was approved by subcommittee vote the following day. The committee charged that the project was \"billions of dollars over budget and", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "20279349", "text": "in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket. 2021 in spaceflight This article documents expected notable spaceflight events during the year 2021. Two spaceflights to the Moon are planned to take place in 2021. Japan plans to launch the SLIM lunar lander, and Russia will resume its Luna-Glob exploration programme with the Luna 25 lander. NASA plans a return to the Moon sometime in the 2020s, and following that a manned exploration of Mars in the mid 2030s. The long-delayed James Webb Space Telescope, the largest space telescope ever built, will be launched to the Sun–Earth", "title": "2021 in spaceflight" }, { "id": "1504860", "text": "that have been released for public consumption over the telescope's lifetime. Space Telescope Science Institute The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is the science operations center for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). STScI is located on the Johns Hopkins University Homewood Campus in Baltimore, Maryland and was established in 1981 as a community-based science center that is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA). In addition to performing continuing science operations of HST and preparing for scientific exploration with JWST, STScI manages and operates the Mikulski", "title": "Space Telescope Science Institute" }, { "id": "16564684", "text": "NRO telescope would add about $100 million to WFIRST's cost, but would prefer to spend another $200 million for a coronagraph to improve its direct-imaging capability. Due to the budgetary constraints arising from the continued construction of the James Webb Space Telescope, NASA has stated that WFIRST may not be launched until 2024 at the earliest., despite early speculation that by using an NRO telescope the mission might launch by roughly 2020, at about the same time as the European Space Agency's Euclid. In addition, the availability of a telescope is believed to increase the probability that the mission will", "title": "2012 National Reconnaissance Office space telescope donation to NASA" }, { "id": "2805002", "text": "James E. Webb James Edwin Webb (October 7, 1906 – March 27, 1992) was an American government official who served as the second administrator of NASA from February 14, 1961 to October 7, 1968. Webb oversaw NASA from the beginning of the Kennedy administration through the end of the Johnson administration, thus overseeing all the critical first manned launches in the Mercury through Gemini programs, until just before the first manned Apollo flight. He also dealt with the Apollo 1 fire. In 2002, a planned space telescope, originally called the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), was renamed the James Webb", "title": "James E. Webb" }, { "id": "6224643", "text": "Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Northrop Grumman, Southwest Research Institute and others. Since 2010 the project has been looking for additional financing from NASA and other sources in the amount of roughly US$3 billion including its own four-meter telescope, or $750 million for one starshade to be used with the James Webb Space Telescope. If financed and launched, it would operate for five years. Currently, the direct detection of extrasolar planets (or exoplanets) is extremely difficult. This is primarily due to: The difficulty of observing such a dim planet so close to a bright star is the obstacle that has prevented", "title": "New Worlds Mission" }, { "id": "19281815", "text": "its emissions would be at infrared wavelengths. This radiation signature could be detected by Earth-based submillimeter telescopes, such as ALMA, and a search could be conducted by cosmic microwave background experiments operating at mm wavelengths. Additionally, Jim Green of NASA's Science Mission Directorate is optimistic that it could be observed by the \"James Webb Space Telescope\", the successor to the \"Hubble Space Telescope\", that is expected to be launched in 2021. The Zooniverse project, started in February 2017, is using archival data from the WISE spacecraft to search for Planet Nine. The project will additionally search for substellar objects like", "title": "Planet Nine" }, { "id": "2535567", "text": "emphasis is on infrared observation, it is also a successor to the Spitzer Space Telescope. JWST will far surpass both those telescopes, being able to see many more and much older stars and galaxies. Observing in the infrared is a key technique for achieving this because of cosmological redshift and because it better penetrates obscuring dust and gas. This allows observation of dimmer, cooler objects. Since water vapor and carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere strongly absorbs most infrared, ground-based infrared astronomy is limited to narrow wavelength ranges where the atmosphere absorbs less strongly. Additionally, the atmosphere itself radiates in", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "2535562", "text": "Aerospace Systems. In May 2007, a full-scale model of the telescope was assembled for display at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum on the National Mall, Washington D.C. The model was intended to give the viewing public a better understanding of the size, scale and complexity of the satellite, as well as pique the interest of viewers in science and astronomy in general. The model is significantly different from the telescope, as the model must withstand gravity and weather, so is constructed mainly of aluminum and steel measuring approximately and weighs . The model was on display in", "title": "James Webb Space Telescope" }, { "id": "4132597", "text": "participation in ExoMars due to budgetary cuts in order to pay for the cost overruns of the James Webb Space Telescope. With NASA's funding for this project completely cancelled, most of these plans had to be restructured. On 14 March 2013, representatives of the ESA and the Russian space agency (Roscosmos), signed a deal in which Russia became a full partner. Roscosmos will supply both missions with Proton launch vehicles with Briz-M upper stages and launch services, as well as an additional entry, descent and landing module for the rover mission in 2018. Under the agreement, Roscosmos was granted three", "title": "ExoMars" }, { "id": "16564678", "text": "Telescope (WFIRST) was formally designated as a mission by NASA, predicated on using one of the space telescopes. While the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Hubble Space Telescope has collected a large amount of astrophysical data, has outlived all expectations, and has been described as one of the space agency's most successful missions, the instrument will soon succumb to the extreme environment of space. In addition, with the James Webb Space Telescope costing at least US$9 billion, the agency's astrophysics budget is extremely strained. As a result, NASA's other astrophysics missions have been delayed until funding becomes available. In", "title": "2012 National Reconnaissance Office space telescope donation to NASA" }, { "id": "2626632", "text": "the Giant Magellan Telescope. The Infrared Detector Laboratory built the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) instrument for the Hubble Space Telescope and the Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) instrument for the Spitzer Space Telescope. For the James Webb Space Telescope, Steward built the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and helped build the Mid-IR Instrument (MIRI). Both instruments have been delivered to NASA; launch is currently scheduled for March 2021. Other groups include the Center for Astronomical Adaptive Optics (CAAO), the Imaging Technology Laboratory (ITL), the Steward Observatory Radio Astronomy Laboratory (SORAL), the Earths in Other Solar Systems (EOS) group, and the", "title": "Steward Observatory" }, { "id": "500294", "text": "by the time it was due to be observed. Engineering support for HST is provided by NASA and contractor personnel at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, south of the STScI. Hubble's operation is monitored 24 hours per day by four teams of flight controllers who make up Hubble's Flight Operations Team. By early 1986, the planned launch date of October that year looked feasible, but the \"Challenger\" accident brought the U.S. space program to a halt, grounding the Space Shuttle fleet and forcing the launch of Hubble to be postponed for several years. The telescope had to", "title": "Hubble Space Telescope" }, { "id": "14659850", "text": "optimized overlapping dual arm dexterous workspace, series elastic joint technology, extended finger and thumb travel, miniaturized 6-axis load cells, redundant force sensing, ultra-high speed joint controllers, extreme neck travel, and high resolution camera and IR systems. The James Webb Space Telescope is the next generation in deep space imaging systems. The James Webb Space Telescope seeks to provide a better understanding of the origins of the earth and life in the universe. This telescope is significant to future scientific breakthroughs and through the RealWorld-InWorld Engineering Design Challenge students use the engineering design process to solve problems related to the James", "title": "NASA RealWorld-InWorld Engineering Design Challenge" }, { "id": "19864070", "text": "Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (FGS-NIRISS) is an instrument for the planned James Webb Space Telescope that combines a Fine Guidance Sensor and a science instrument, a near-infrared imager and a spectrograph. The FGS/NIRISS is being built by the Canadian Space Agency as part of the international project to build a large infrared space telescope with the United States and various European states. FGS-NIRISS observes light from the wavelengths of 0.8 to 5.0 microns. The instrument has four different observing modes. Physically the FGS and", "title": "Fine Guidance Sensor and Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph" }, { "id": "19883318", "text": "Sunshield (JWST) Sunshield is a component of the James Webb Space Telescope, designed to shield the main optics from the Sun's heat and light. This is part of a space telescope and it extends out unfolding a large metal-coated sheet of material post-launch. This material blocks the Sun's light and heat, so the telescope can see the faint light coming from stars and galaxies. The sunshield segment includes the layers and its deployment mechanisms, which also includes the trim flap. The layers of the sunshield provide an insulating layer for the optics and help dissipate heat. The shield has five", "title": "Sunshield (JWST)" }, { "id": "4090613", "text": "from European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) at 12:25 UTC. The mission's post-operations phase will continue until 2017. The main tasks are consolidation and refinement of instrument calibration, to improve data quality, and data processing, to create a body of scientifically validated data. Following \"Herschel\" demise, some European astronomers have pushed for the joint European-Japanese SPICA far-infrared observatory project, as well as ESA's continued partnership in NASA's James Webb Space Telescope. James Webb will cover the near-infrared spectrum from 0.6 to 28.5 µm, and SPICA covers the mid-to-far-infared spectral range between 12–230 µm. While \"Herschel\" dependence on liquid helium coolant limited", "title": "Herschel Space Observatory" }, { "id": "16552385", "text": "the exposure. As a telescope system, it can give precise locations of discovered objects, extrapolate the course of the object, and indicate the objects stability. The US Air Force ultimately took over the program and integrated the SST as a sensor in the Space Surveillance Network of the Air Force Space Command in 2009. The SST was initially deployed for testing and evaluation at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. On December 6, 2013, it was announced that the telescope system would be moved to the Naval Communication Station Harold E. Holt in Exmouth, Western Australia, as part", "title": "Space Surveillance Telescope" }, { "id": "16552386", "text": "of the Australia-U.S. Space Situational Awareness Initiative. From there it will able to observe the Southern Celestial Hemisphere and collect data for the US Space Surveillance Network. The SST system was originally expected to be operational in 2016, but was not moved till 2017. As of 1 October 2017 satellite imagery of its site at 21.8957 S, 114.0899 E showed only partial completion of the installation . Due to the new site being in a cyclone region, construction has been delayed. Space Surveillance Telescope The Space Surveillance Telescope is a telescope for detecting and tracking orbital debris. It has a", "title": "Space Surveillance Telescope" } ]

[ "\"protoplasm\"" ]

[ { "id": "4758963", "text": "Growth medium A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid or semi-solid designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells, or small plants like the moss \"Physcomitrella patens\". Different types of media are used for growing different types of cells. The two major types of growth media are those used for cell culture, which use specific cell types derived from plants or animals, and microbiological culture, which are used for growing microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi. The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths and agar plates; specialized media are sometimes required for microorganism", "title": "Growth medium" }, { "id": "1692231", "text": "phospholipids (consisting of a phosphate head and two fatty acid tails) arranged into a double layer, the phospholipid bilayer is a semipermeable membrane that is very specific in its permeability. The hydrophilic phosphate heads are in the outside layer and exposed to the water content outside and within the cell. The hydrophobic tails are the layer hidden in the inside of the membrane. The phospholipid bilayer is most permeable to small, uncharged solutes. Protein channels float through the phospholipids, and, collectively, this model is known as the fluid mosaic model. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is", "title": "Semipermeable membrane" }, { "id": "43635", "text": "is called a phospholipid bilayer, or sometimes a fluid mosaic membrane. Embedded within this membrane is a variety of protein molecules that act as channels and pumps that move different molecules into and out of the cell. The membrane is semi-permeable, and selectively permeable, in that it can either let a substance (molecule or ion) pass through freely, pass through to a limited extent or not pass through at all. Cell surface membranes also contain receptor proteins that allow cells to detect external signaling molecules such as hormones. The cytoskeleton acts to organize and maintain the cell's shape; anchors organelles", "title": "Cell (biology)" }, { "id": "1692233", "text": "in reverse osmosis are, in general, made out of polyamide, chosen primarily for its permeability to water and relative impermeability to various dissolved impurities including salt ions and other small molecules that cannot be filtered. Another example of a semipermeable membrane is dialysis tubing. The semipermeable membrane is pertinent to cellular communication. A cell membrane consists of proteins and phospholipids. Signaling molecules send chemical messages to the proteins in the cell membrane. The signaling molecules bind to proteins, which alters the protein. A message is sent into the cell and a specific cellular response is turned on or activated. Other", "title": "Semipermeable membrane" }, { "id": "4758973", "text": "microbes as are present in the specimen. Blood agar is an enriched medium in which nutritionally rich whole blood supplements the basic nutrients. Chocolate agar is enriched with heat-treated blood (40–45 °C), which turns brown and gives the medium the color for which it is named. Growth medium A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid or semi-solid designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells, or small plants like the moss \"Physcomitrella patens\". Different types of media are used for growing different types of cells. The two major types of growth media are those used for", "title": "Growth medium" }, { "id": "6106715", "text": "pathway. Once signaled to move, the vesicles can travel along aspects of the cytoskeleton via motor proteins to reach their final destination. The cytosol makes up the semifluid portion of the endoplasm, in which materials are suspended. It is a concentrated aqueous gel with molecules so crowded and packed together within the water base that its behavior is more gel-like than liquid. It is water based but contains both small and large molecules, giving it density. It has several functions, including physical support of the cell, preventing collapse, as well as degrading nutrients, transport of small molecules, and containing the", "title": "Endoplasm" }, { "id": "20881569", "text": "Semi-solid flow battery A semi-solid flow battery is a type of flow battery using solid battery active materials or involving solid species in the energy carrying fluid. A research team in MIT proposed this concept using lithium-ion battery materials. In such a system, both positive (cathode) and negative electrode (anode) consist of active material particles with carbon black suspended in liquid electrolyte. Active material suspensions are stored in two energy storage tanks. The suspensions are pumped into the electrochemical reaction cell when charging and discharging. This design takes advantage of both the designing flexibility of flow batteries and the high", "title": "Semi-solid flow battery" }, { "id": "1870884", "text": "redefined the term (also named as \"Primordialschlauch\", \"primordial utricle\") to refer to the \"tough, slimy, granular, semi-fluid\" substance within plant cells, to distinguish this from the cell wall and the cell sap (\"Zellsaft\") within the vacuole. Thomas Huxley (1869) later referred to it as the \"physical basis of life\" and considered that the property of life resulted from the distribution of molecules within this substance. The protoplasm became an \"epistemic thing\". Its composition, however, was mysterious and there was much controversy over what sort of substance it was. In 1872, Beale created the vitalist term \"bioplasm\", to contrast with the", "title": "Protoplasm" }, { "id": "12254353", "text": "\"exosmose\", which were coined by French physician René Joachim Henri Dutrochet (1776–1847) from the Greek words ἔνδον (\"éndon\" \"within\"), ἔξω (\"éxō\" \"outer, external\"), and ὠσμός (\"ōsmós\" \"push, impulsion\"). In 1867, Moritz Traube invented highly selective precipitation membranes, advancing the art and technique of measurement of osmotic flow. Osmosis is the movement of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane toward a higher concentration of solute (lower concentration of solvent). In biological systems, the solvent is typically water, but osmosis can occur in other liquids, supercritical liquids, and even gases. When a cell is submerged in water, the water molecules pass through", "title": "Osmosis" }, { "id": "1692232", "text": "called osmosis.This allows only certain particles to go through including water and leaving behind the solutes including salt and other contaminants. In the process of reverse osmosis, thin film composite membranes (TFC or TFM) are used. These are semipermeable membranes manufactured principally for use in water purification or desalination systems. They also have use in chemical applications such as batteries and fuel cells. In essence, a TFC material is a molecular sieve constructed in the form of a film from two or more layered materials. Prof. Sidney Loeb and Srinivasa Sourirajan invented the first practical synthetic semi-permeable membrane. Membranes used", "title": "Semipermeable membrane" }, { "id": "13360067", "text": "an inner portion called the endoplasm. The ectoplasm consists of a gelatinous semisolid called plasma gel whereas the endoplasm is made up of a less viscous fluid called plasma sol. The ectoplasm owes its highly viscous state, in part, to the cross-linking actomyosin complex it contains. Locomotion of an amoeba is thought to occur due to the sol-gel conversion of the protoplasm within its cell. 'Sol-gel conversion describes the contraction and relaxation events which are enforced by osmotic pressure and other ionic charges.' For example, when an amoeba moves, it extends a gelatinous, cytosolic pseudopodium, which then results in the", "title": "Amoeboid movement" }, { "id": "1692234", "text": "types of semipermeable membranes are cation exchange membrane (CEM), charge mosaic membrane (CMM), bipolar membrane (BPM), anion exchange membrane (AEM) alkali anion exchange membrane (AAEM) and proton exchange membrane (PEM). Semipermeable membrane A semipermeable membrane is a type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion—or occasionally by more specialized processes of facilitated diffusion, passive transport or active transport. The rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and temperature of the molecules or solutes on either side, as well as the permeability of the membrane to each solute.", "title": "Semipermeable membrane" }, { "id": "15066816", "text": "the possibility of cellular protrusion through the polymeric matrix wall after formation of the capsules. Cellulose sulphate is derived from cotton and, once processed appropriately, can be used as a biocompatible base in which to suspend cells. When the poly-anionic cellulose sulphate solution is immersed in a second, poly-cationic solution (e.g. pDADMAC), a semi-permeable membrane is formed around the suspended cells as a result of gelation between the two poly-ions. Both mammalian cell lines and bacterial cells remain viable and continue to replicate within the capsule membrane in order to fill-out the capsule. As such, in contrast to some other", "title": "Cell encapsulation" }, { "id": "15907519", "text": "fluid compartments of the body. Cell membrane The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space) which protects the cell from its environment consisting of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles. In this way, it is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules. In addition, cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as", "title": "Cell membrane" }, { "id": "1692230", "text": "the rate and the permeability. Many natural and synthetic materials thicker than a membrane are also semipermeable. One example of this is the thin film on the inside of the egg. Note that a semipermeable membrane is not the same as a selectively permeable membrane. Semipermeable membrane describes a membrane that allows some particles to pass through (by size), whereas the selectively permeable membrane \"chooses\" what passes through (size is not a factor). An example of a biological semi-permeable membrane is the lipid bilayer, on which is based on the plasma membrane that surrounds all biological cells. A group of", "title": "Semipermeable membrane" }, { "id": "84826", "text": "\"aqueous cytoplasm\" has been used to describe the liquid contents of the cytoplasm of living cells. Prior to this, other terms, including \"hyaloplasm\", were used for the cell fluid, not always synonymously, as its nature was not very clear (see protoplasm). The proportion of cell volume that is cytosol varies: for example while this compartment forms the bulk of cell structure in bacteria, in plant cells the main compartment is the large central vacuole. The cytosol consists mostly of water, dissolved ions, small molecules, and large water-soluble molecules (such as proteins). The majority of these non-protein molecules have a molecular", "title": "Cytosol" }, { "id": "6106714", "text": "is only semipermeable and allows them to house substances that could be harmful to the cell if they were allowed to flow freely within the cytosol. These granules give the cell a large amount of regulation and control over the wide variety of metabolic activities that take place within the endoplasm. There are many different types, characterized by the substance that the vesicle contains. These granules/vesicles can contain enzymes, neurotransmitters, hormones, and waste. Typically the contents are destined for another cell/tissue. These vesicles act as a form of storage and release their contents when needed, often prompted by a signaling", "title": "Endoplasm" }, { "id": "3971295", "text": "Cell culture Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside their natural environment. After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue, they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. These conditions vary for each cell type, but generally consist of a suitable vessel with a substrate or medium that supplies the essential nutrients (amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals), growth factors, hormones, and gases (CO, O), and regulates the physio-chemical environment (pH buffer, osmotic pressure, temperature). Most cells require a surface or an artificial substrate (adherent or monolayer culture) whereas", "title": "Cell culture" }, { "id": "4758964", "text": "and cell culture growth. Some organisms, termed fastidious organisms, require specialized environments due to complex nutritional requirements. Viruses, for example, are obligate intracellular parasites and require a growth medium containing living cells. The most common growth media for microorganisms are nutrient broths (liquid nutrient medium) or LB medium (lysogeny broth). Liquid media are often mixed with agar and poured via a sterile media dispenser into Petri dishes to solidify. These agar plates provide a solid medium on which microbes may be cultured. They remain solid, as very few bacteria are able to decompose agar (the exception being some species in", "title": "Growth medium" }, { "id": "61409", "text": "ongoing investigation. Recent measurements using force spectrum microscopy reveal that the cytoplasm can be likened to an elastic solid, rather than a viscoelastic fluid. Cytoplasm In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. The main components of the cytoplasm are cytosol – a gel-like substance, the organelles – the cell's internal sub-structures, and various cytoplasmic inclusions. The cytoplasm is about 80% water and usually colorless. The submicroscopic ground cell substance,", "title": "Cytoplasm" }, { "id": "423816", "text": "membrane and into its solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable. This process is of vital importance in biology as the cell's membrane is semipermeable. In order to visualize this effect, imagine a U-shaped tube with equal amounts of water on each side, separated by a water-permeable membrane made from dialysis tubing at its base that is impermeable to sugar molecules. Sugar has been added to the water on one side. The height of the liquid column on that side will then \"rise\" (and that on the other side will \"drop\") proportional to the pressure of the", "title": "Osmotic pressure" }, { "id": "2425246", "text": "Tissue culture Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. The term \"tissue culture\" was coined by American pathologist Montrose Thomas Burrows. In 1885 Wilhelm Roux removed a section of the medullary plate of an embryonic chicken and maintained it in a warm saline solution for several days, establishing the basic principle", "title": "Tissue culture" }, { "id": "4758966", "text": "organisms. One other major difference is that animal cells in culture are often grown on a flat surface to which they attach, and the medium is provided in a liquid form, which covers the cells. In contrast, bacteria such as \"Escherichia coli\" may be grown on solid or in liquid media. An important distinction between growth media types is that of defined versus undefined media. A defined medium will have known quantities of all ingredients. For microorganisms, they consist of providing trace elements and vitamins required by the microbe and especially defined carbon and nitrogen sources. Glucose or glycerol are", "title": "Growth medium" }, { "id": "6440320", "text": "allows electricity to flow throughout the liquid. This allows more energy to be extracted. In a semi-solid flow cell, the positive and negative electrodes are composed of particles suspended in a carrier liquid. The positive and negative suspensions are stored in separate tanks and pumped through separate pipes into a stack of adjacent reaction chambers, where they are separated by a barrier such as a thin, porous membrane. The approach combines the basic structure of aqueous-flow batteries, which use electrode material suspended in a liquid electrolyte, with the chemistry of lithium-ion batteries in both carbon-free suspensions and slurries with conductive", "title": "Flow battery" }, { "id": "1871186", "text": "or grape juice have been shown to produce a voltage. However, it is far from certain that this was its purpose—other scholars have pointed out that it is very similar to vessels known to have been used for storing parchment scrolls. In its simplest form, a half-cell consists of a solid metal (called an electrode) that is submerged in a solution; the solution contains cations (+) of the electrode metal and anions (−) to balance the charge of the cations. The full cell consists of two half-cells, usually connected by a semi-permeable membrane or by a salt bridge that prevents", "title": "Galvanic cell" }, { "id": "982869", "text": "about the same time, colloidal chemistry began its development, and the concepts of bound water emerged. A colloid being something between a solution and a suspension, where Brownian motion is sufficient to prevent sedimentation. The idea of a semipermeable membrane, a barrier that is permeable to solvent but impermeable to solute molecules was developed at about the same time. The term osmosis originated in 1827 and its importance to physiological phenomena realized, but it wasn’t until 1877, when the botanist Pfeffer proposed the membrane theory of cell physiology. In this view, the cell was seen to be enclosed by a", "title": "Cell theory" }, { "id": "15907501", "text": "concentration in order to equilibrate the membrane. It is considered a passive transport process because it does not require energy and is propelled by the concentration gradient created by each side of the membrane. Such a concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane sets up an osmotic flow for the water. Osmosis, in biological systems involves a solvent, moving through a semipermeable membrane similarly to passive diffusion as the solvent still moves with the concentration gradient and requires no energy. While water is the most common solvent in cell, it can also be other liquids as well as supercritical liquids and", "title": "Cell membrane" }, { "id": "6106717", "text": "endoplasm and ectoplasm to create a pseudopod. Pseudopod, or “false foot” is the term for the extension of a cell’s plasma membrane into what appears to be an appendage that pulls the cell forward. The process behind this involves the gel of the ectoplasm, and sol, more fluid, portion of the endoplasm. To create the pseudopod, the gel of the ectoplasm begins to convert to sol which, along with the endoplasm, pushes a portion of the plasma membrane into an appendage. Once the pseudopod is extended, the sol within begins to peripherally convert back to gel, converting back to the", "title": "Endoplasm" }, { "id": "20881572", "text": "materials in the energy storage tanks. A research group reported redox targeting flow battery. There are redox targeting materials dissolved in the electrolyte and electrochemical reactions occur between the dissolved species. The solid materials are then been chemically oxidized or reduced. By keeping solid materials in the tanks, only the liquid electrolyte is being pumped. This saves the pumping energy although the voltage efficiency is sacrificed. Semi-solid flow battery A semi-solid flow battery is a type of flow battery using solid battery active materials or involving solid species in the energy carrying fluid. A research team in MIT proposed this", "title": "Semi-solid flow battery" }, { "id": "17511407", "text": "Jeewanu Jeewanu (Sanskrit for \"particles of life\") are synthetic chemical particles that possess cell-like structure and seem to have some functional properties; that is, they are a model of primitive cells, or protocells. It was first synthesised by Krishna Bahadur (20 January 1926 — 5 August 1994), an Indian chemist and his team in 1963. Using photochemical reaction, they produced coacervates, microscopic cell-like spheres from a mixture of simple organic and inorganic compounds. Bahadur named these particles 'Jeewanu' because they exhibited some of the basic properties of a cell, such as the presence of semipermeable membrane, amino acids, phospholipids and", "title": "Jeewanu" }, { "id": "12990966", "text": "water and, when broken in half, forms two smaller spheres. The only other known material to exhibit this behavior was oil. He also noted that a thin film of oil behaves as a semipermeable membrane, precisely as predicted. Based on these observations, Quincke asserted that the cell membrane comprised a fluid layer of fat less than 100 nm thick. This theory was further extended by evidence from the study of anesthetics. Hans Horst Meyer and Ernest Overton independently noticed that the chemicals which act as general anesthetics are also those soluble in both water and oil. They interpreted this as", "title": "History of cell membrane theory" }, { "id": "12990965", "text": "but no similar barrier was visible on animal cells, though it stood to reason that one must exist. By the mid 19th century, this question was being actively investigated and Moritz Traube noted that this outer layer must be semipermeable to allow transport of ions. Traube had no direct evidence for the composition of this film, though, and incorrectly asserted that it was formed by an interfacial reaction of the cell protoplasm with the extracellular fluid. The lipid nature of the cell membrane was first correctly intuited by Quincke, who noted that a cell generally forms a spherical shape in", "title": "History of cell membrane theory" }, { "id": "15907505", "text": "endocytosis, to secrete substances such as hormones and enzymes, and to transport a substance completely across a cellular barrier. In the process of exocytosis, the undigested waste-containing food vacuole or the secretory vesicle budded from Golgi apparatus, is first moved by cytoskeleton from the interior of the cell to the surface. The vesicle membrane comes in contact with the plasma membrane. The lipid molecules of the two bilayers rearrange themselves and the two membranes are, thus, fused. A passage is formed in the fused membrane and the vesicles discharges its contents outside the cell Prokaryotes are divided into two different", "title": "Cell membrane" }, { "id": "15907476", "text": "Cell membrane The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space) which protects the cell from its environment consisting of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles. In this way, it is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules. In addition, cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and", "title": "Cell membrane" }, { "id": "1692229", "text": "Semipermeable membrane A semipermeable membrane is a type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion—or occasionally by more specialized processes of facilitated diffusion, passive transport or active transport. The rate of passage depends on the pressure, concentration, and temperature of the molecules or solutes on either side, as well as the permeability of the membrane to each solute. Depending on the membrane and the solute, permeability may depend on solute size, solubility, properties, or chemistry. How the membrane is constructed to be selective in its permeability will determine", "title": "Semipermeable membrane" }, { "id": "84822", "text": "Cytosol The cytosol, also known as intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix, is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments. In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is surrounded by the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. The cytosol is thus a liquid matrix around the organelles. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while", "title": "Cytosol" }, { "id": "1870885", "text": "materialism of Huxley. In 1880, term protoplast was proposed by Hanstein (1880) for the entire cell, excluding the cell wall, and some authors like Julius von Sachs (1882) preferred that name instead of cell. In 1965, lardy introduced the term \"cytosol\", later redefined to refer to the liquid inside cell. By the time Huxley wrote, a long-standing debate was largely settled over the fundamental unit of life: was it the cell or was it protoplasm? By the late 1860s, the debate was largely settled in favor of protoplasm. The cell was a container for protoplasm, the fundamental and universal material", "title": "Protoplasm" }, { "id": "12990981", "text": "plasma membrane is “bare” lipid than previously thought and in fact much of the cell surface may be protein-associated. In spite of these limitations, the fluid mosaic model remains a popular and often referenced general notion for the structure of biological membranes. The modern mainstream consensus model of cellular membranes is based on the fluid-mosaic model that envisions a lipid bilayer separating the inside from the outside of cells with associated ion channels, pumps and transporters giving rise to the permeability processes of cells. Alternative hypotheses were developed in the past that have largely been rejected. One of these opposing", "title": "History of cell membrane theory" }, { "id": "5665854", "text": "Contractile vacuole A contractile vacuole (CV) is a sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation. It is found predominantly in protists and in unicellular algae. It was previously known as pulsatile or pulsating vacuole The contractile vacuole is a specialized type of vacuole that regulates the quantity of water inside a cell. In freshwater environments, the concentration of solutes is hypotonic, higher inside than outside the cell. Under these conditions, water osmosis causes water to accumulate in the cell from the external environment. The contractile vacuole acts as part of a protective mechanism that prevents the cell from absorbing too much", "title": "Contractile vacuole" }, { "id": "15907482", "text": "expected for an oil–water interface, it was assumed that some substance was responsible for lowering the interfacial tensions in the surface of cells. It was suggested that a lipid bilayer was in between two thin protein layers. The paucimolecular model immediately became popular and it dominated cell membrane studies for the following 30 years, until it became rivaled by the fluid mosaic model of Singer and Nicolson (1972). Despite the numerous models of the cell membrane proposed prior to the fluid mosaic model, it remains the primary archetype for the cell membrane long after its inception in the 1970s. Although", "title": "Cell membrane" }, { "id": "61399", "text": "Cytoplasm In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. The main components of the cytoplasm are cytosol – a gel-like substance, the organelles – the cell's internal sub-structures, and various cytoplasmic inclusions. The cytoplasm is about 80% water and usually colorless. The submicroscopic ground cell substance, or cytoplasmatic matrix which remains after exclusion the cell organelles and particles is groundplasm. It is the hyaloplasm of light microscopy, and high complex,", "title": "Cytoplasm" }, { "id": "3356122", "text": "Jan Evangelista Purkyně Jan Evangelista Purkyně (; also written Johann Evangelist Purkinje) (17 or 18 December 1787 – 28 July 1869) was a Czech anatomist and physiologist. In 1839, he coined the term 'protoplasm' for the fluid substance of a cell. He was one of the best known scientists of his time. Such was his fame that when people from outside Europe wrote letters to him, all that they needed to put as the address was \"Purkyně, Europe\". His son was the painter Karel Purkyně. He is buried in the Czech National Cemetery in Vyšehrad, Prague, in modern-day Czech Republic.", "title": "Jan Evangelista Purkyně" }, { "id": "6106716", "text": "ribosomes responsible for protein synthesis. Cytosol contains predominantly water, but also has a complex mixture of large hydrophilic molecules, smaller molecules and proteins, and dissolved ions. The contents of the cytosol change based on the needs of the cell. Not to be confused with the cytoplasm, the cytosol is only the gel matrix of the cell which does not include many of the macromolecules essential to cellular function. Though amoeba locomotion is assisted by appendages like flagella and cilia, the main source of movement in these cells is pseudopodial locomotion. This process takes advantage of the different consistencies of the", "title": "Endoplasm" }, { "id": "12990963", "text": "History of cell membrane theory Cell theory has its origins in seventeenth century microscopy observations, but it was nearly two hundred years before a complete cell membrane theory was developed to explain what separates cells from the outside world. By the 19th century it was accepted that some form of semi-permeable barrier must exist around a cell. Studies of the action of anesthetic molecules led to the theory that this barrier might be made of some sort of fat (lipid), but the structure was still unknown. A series of pioneering experiments in 1925 indicated that this barrier membrane consisted of", "title": "History of cell membrane theory" }, { "id": "8979148", "text": "Cell notation Cell notation in chemistry is a shorthand way of expressing a certain reaction in an electrochemical cell. The cell anode and cathode (half-cells) are separated by two bars or slashes representing a salt bridge, with the anode on the left and cathode on the right. Individual solid, liquid or aqueous phases within each half-cell are separated by a single bar. Concentrations of dissolved species, in each phase written in parentheses and the state of each phase (usually s (solid), l (liquid), g (gas) or aq. (aqueous solution)) is included in a subscript after the species name. Some examples", "title": "Cell notation" }, { "id": "12425389", "text": "compartmentalization of complex organic molecules. Clay-armored \"bubbles\" form naturally when particles of montmorillonite clay collect on the outer surface of air bubbles under water. This creates a semi permeable vesicle from materials that are readily available in the environment. The authors remark that montmorillonite is known to serve as a chemical catalyst, encouraging lipids to form membranes and single nucleotides to join into strands of RNA. Primitive reproduction can be envisioned when the clay bubbles burst, releasing the lipid membrane-bound product into the surrounding medium. For cellular organisms, the transport of specific molecules across compartmentalizing membrane barriers is essential in", "title": "Protocell" }, { "id": "8627096", "text": "which increases the osmotic pressure inside relative to the outside of the cell. The increased osmotic pressure forces water to flow into the cell and tissue swelling occurs. Gibbs–Donnan effect The Gibbs–Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan's effect, Donnan law, Donnan equilibrium, or Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane that sometimes fail to distribute evenly across the two sides of the membrane. The usual cause is the presence of a different charged substance that is unable to pass through the membrane and thus creates an uneven electrical charge. For example,", "title": "Gibbs–Donnan effect" }, { "id": "109258", "text": "Chemical potential) an energy flow will occur from S to S, because nature always prefers low energy and maximum entropy. Molecular diffusion is typically described mathematically using Fick's laws of diffusion. Diffusion is of fundamental importance in many disciplines of physics, chemistry, and biology. Some example applications of diffusion: Diffusion is part of the transport phenomena. Of mass transport mechanisms, molecular diffusion is known as a slower one. In cell biology, diffusion is a main form of transport for necessary materials such as amino acids within cells. Diffusion of solvents, such as water, through a semipermeable membrane is classified as", "title": "Molecular diffusion" }, { "id": "446237", "text": "gradients comparable to the gradients inside living cells. Vesicles are mainly used in two types of research: Phospholipid vesicles have also been studied in biochemistry. For such studies, a homogeneous phospholipid vesicle suspension can be prepared by extrusion or sonication, injection of a phospholipid solution into the aqueous buffer solution membranes. In this way aqueous vesicle solutions can be prepared of different phospholipid composition, as well as different sizes of vesicles. Vesicle (biology and chemistry) In cell biology, a vesicle is a large structure within a cell, or extracellular, consisting of liquid enclosed by a lipid bilayer. Vesicles form naturally", "title": "Vesicle (biology and chemistry)" }, { "id": "4191857", "text": "Sarcolemma The sarcolemma (\"sarco\" (from \"sarx\") from Greek; flesh, and \"lemma\" from Greek; sheath) also called the myolemma, is the cell membrane of a striated muscle fiber cell. It consists of a lipid bilayer and a thin outer coat of polysaccharide material (glycocalyx) that contacts the basement membrane. The basement membrane contains numerous thin collagen fibrils and specialized proteins such as laminin that provide a scaffold to which the muscle fiber can adhere. Through transmembrane proteins in the plasma membrane, the actin skeleton inside the cell is connected to the basement membrane and the cell's exterior. At each end of", "title": "Sarcolemma" }, { "id": "8041209", "text": "Thin-film composite membrane Thin-film composite membranes (TFC or TFM) are semipermeable membranes manufactured principally for use in water purification or water desalination systems. They also have use in chemical applications such as batteries and fuel cells. A TFC membrane can be considered as a molecular sieve constructed in the form of a film from two or more layered materials. TFC membranes are commonly classified as nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Both types are typically made out of a thin polyamide layer (<200 nm) deposited on top of a polyethersulfone or polysulfone porous layer (about 50 microns) on top", "title": "Thin-film composite membrane" }, { "id": "7403850", "text": "solids. Petroleum jelly - a mixture of hydrocarbons extracted from crude oil and subsequently refined, has semisolid properties. It is used topically on human skin to promote healing of minor irritation or burns. It is also used to help heal chapped or sunburned lips. Another example is mayonnaise. Some other examples are Peanut Butter, Toothpaste, and Hand Sanitizer. Quasi-solid Falsely-Solid, or, semisolid is the physical term for something whose state lies between a solid and a liquid. While similar to solids in some respects, such as having the ability to support their own weight and hold their shapes, a quasi-solid", "title": "Quasi-solid" }, { "id": "1870888", "text": "forms: a liquid-like sol state or a jelly-like gel state. Protoplasm Protoplasm is the living content of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane. In some definitions, it is a general term for the cytoplasm (e.g., Mohl, 1846), but for others, it also includes the nucleoplasm (e.g., Strasburger, 1882). For Sharp (1921), \"According to the older usage the extra-nuclear portion of the protoplast [\"the entire cell, excluding the cell wall\"] was called \"protoplasm,\" but the nucleus also is composed of protoplasm, or living substance in its broader sense. The current consensus is to avoid this ambiguity by employing", "title": "Protoplasm" }, { "id": "7514323", "text": "emptied host cells. Although not completely artificial because the cytoplasmic components as well as the membrane from the host cell are kept, the engineered cell is under control of a synthetic genome and is able to replicate. The first artificial cells were developed by Thomas Chang at McGill University in the 1960s. These cells consisted of ultrathin membranes of nylon, collodion or crosslinked protein whose semipermeable properties allowed diffusion of small molecules in and out of the cell. These cells were micron-sized and contained cell, enzymes, hemoglobin, magnetic materials, adsorbents and proteins. Later artificial cells have ranged from hundred-micrometer to", "title": "Artificial cell" }, { "id": "5655367", "text": "Matrigel Matrigel is the trade name for a gelatinous protein mixture secreted by Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma cells produced and marketed by Corning Life Sciences and BD Biosciences. Trevigen, Inc. markets their own version under the trade name Cultrex BME. Matrigel resembles the complex extracellular environment found in many tissues and is used by cell biologists as a substrate (basement membrane matrix) for culturing cells. A common laboratory procedure is to dispense small volumes of chilled (4 °C) liquid Matrigel onto plastic tissue culture labware. When incubated at 37 °C (body temperature) the Matrigel proteins polymerize (solidify) producing a gel", "title": "Matrigel" }, { "id": "10340428", "text": "volts. The cell was set up in a long-necked glass bottle with a zinc plate located between two carbon plates. The electrolyte and depolarizer were mixed. The mixture would dissolve the zinc plate even when the cell was not in use, so there was a mechanism for lifting the zinc plate out of the liquid and storing it in the neck of the bottle. The cell was set up in a glass, or glazed earthenware, pot. This contained the chromic acid solution, the carbon plate and a porous pot. Inside the porous pot was dilute sulfuric acid, the zinc rod,", "title": "Chromic acid cell" }, { "id": "6856413", "text": "Ground substance Ground substance is an amorphous gel-like substance in the extracellular space that contains all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) except for fibrous materials such as collagen and elastin. Ground substance is active in the development, movement, and proliferation of tissues, as well as their metabolism. Additionally, cells use it for support, water storage, binding, and a medium for intercellular exchange (especially between blood cells and other types of cells). Ground substance provides lubrication for collagen fibers. The components of the ground substance vary depending on the tissue. Ground substance is primarily composed of water, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such", "title": "Ground substance" }, { "id": "4790396", "text": "as intermediate filaments protruding from the cellular membrane. These structural elements cause the epithelium to allow distension; however, these also cause the tissue to be relatively fragile and, therefore, difficult to study. All cells touch the basement membrane. Because of its importance in acting as an osmotic barrier between the contents of the urinary tract and the surrounding organs and tissues, transitional epithelium is relatively impermeable to water and salts. This impermeability is due to a highly keratinized cellular membrane synthesized in the Golgi apparatus. The membrane is made up of a hexagonal lattice put together in the Golgi apparatus", "title": "Transitional epithelium" }, { "id": "15403168", "text": "as the polymer polyvinyl alcohol which can reproduce some of the functions of BSA/HSA. The constituents of a chemically defined media include: a basal media (such as DMEM, F12, or RPMI 1640, containing amino acids, vitamins, inorganic salts, buffers, antioxidants and energy sources), which is supplemented with recombinant albumin, chemically defined lipids, recombinant insulin and/or zinc, recombinant transferrin or iron, selenium and an antioxidant thiol such as 2-mercaptoethanol or 1-thioglycerol. Chemically defined media that are designed for the cultivation of cells in suspension additionally contain suitable surfactants such as poloxamers in order to reduce shear stress caused by shaking and", "title": "Chemically defined medium" }, { "id": "11220760", "text": "also known as cytosol, is all fluid contained inside the cells. It is the matrix in which cellular organelles are suspended. The cytosol and organelles together compose the cytoplasm. The cell membranes are the outer barrier. In humans, the intracellular compartment contains on average about 8 litres of fluid, and under ordinary circumstances remains in osmotic equilibrium. It contains moderate quantities of magnesium and sulphate ions. The interstitial, intravascular and transcellular compartments comprise the extracellular compartment. Its extracellular fluid (ECF) contains about one-third of total body water. The interstitial compartment (also called \"tissue space\") surrounds tissue cells. It is filled", "title": "Fluid compartments" }, { "id": "2198654", "text": "Fluid mosaic model The fluid mosaic model explains various observations regarding the structure of functional cell membranes. According to this model, there is a lipid bilayer in which the protein molecules are embedded. The lipid bilayer gives fluidity and elasticity to the membrane. Small amounts of carbohydrates are also found in cell membrane. The model, which was devised by SJ Singer and GL Nicolson in 1972, describes the cell membrane as a two-dimensional liquid that restricts the lateral diffusion of membrane components. Such domains are defined by the existence of regions within the membrane with special lipid and protein composition", "title": "Fluid mosaic model" }, { "id": "3636766", "text": "properties of fragile matter. In pharmacology, paste is basic pharmaceutical form. It consists of fatty base (e.g., petroleum jelly) and at least 25% solid substance (e.g., zinc oxide). Pastes are the semisolid preparations intended for external application to the skin. Usually they are thick and do not melt at normal temperature. Remain on the area for longer duration. Examples include starch pastes, toothpaste, mustard, and putty. Paste (rheology) In physics, a paste is a substance that behaves as a solid until a sufficiently large load or stress is applied, at which point it flows like a fluid. In rheological terms,", "title": "Paste (rheology)" }, { "id": "2674856", "text": "in the ECF include dissolved gases, nutrients, and electrolytes, all needed to maintain life. The ECF also contains materials secreted from cells in soluble form, but which quickly coalesces into fibres (e.g. collagen, reticular, and elastic fibres) or precipitates out into a solid or semisolid form (e.g. proteoglycans which form the bulk of cartilage, and the components of bone). These and many other substances occur, especially in association with various proteoglycans to form the extracellular matrix or the \"filler\" substance between the cells throughout the body. These substances occur in the extracellular space, and are therefore all bathed or soaked", "title": "Extracellular fluid" }, { "id": "10563138", "text": "Osmolyte Osmolytes are compounds affecting osmosis. They are soluble in the solution within a cell, or in the surrounding fluid, e.g. as plasma osmolytes. They play a role in maintaining cell volume and fluid balance. For example, when a cell swells due to external osmotic pressure, membrane channels open and allow efflux of osmolytes which carry water with them, restoring normal cell volume. Osmolytes also contribute to protein folding. Natural osmolytes that can act as osmoprotectants include trimethylamine \"N\"-oxide (TMAO), dimethylsulfoniopropionate, sarcosine, betaine, glycerophosphorylcholine, myo-inositol, taurine, glycine, and others. Remarkably, TMAO has the capacity to restore glucocorticoid binding to mutant", "title": "Osmolyte" }, { "id": "2055950", "text": "or ampullated end opens into the lower and back part of the vestibule, its upper into the crus commune. Findings from a 2009 study demonstrated a critical late role for BMP 2b in the morphogenesis of semicircular canals in the zebrafish inner ear. It is suspected that the role of bmp2 in semicircular canal duct outgrowth is likely to be conserved between different vertebrate species. The semicircular ducts provide sensory input for experiences of rotary movements. They are oriented along the pitch, roll, and yaw axes. Each canal is filled with a fluid called endolymph and contains motion sensors within", "title": "Semicircular canals" }, { "id": "978019", "text": "that did not react with the fibers, dried, and kneaded. During this time, a solution of 50% camphor in alcohol is added, which then changes the macromolecule structure of nitrocellulose into a homogeneous gel of nitrocellulose and camphor. The chemical structure is not well understood, but it is determined that it is one molecule of camphor for each unit of glucose. After the mixing, the mass is pressed into blocks at a high pressure and then is fabricated for its specific use. Nitrating cellulose is an extremely flammable process in which even factory explosions are not uncommon. Many western celluloid", "title": "Celluloid" }, { "id": "7514328", "text": "the difference in pH or temperature. Nanoparticle and liposome preparations are also routinely used for material encapsulation and delivery. A major advantage of liposomes is their ability to fuse to cell and organelle membranes. Many variations for artificial cell preparation and encapsulation have been developed. Typically, vesicles such as a nanoparticle, polymersome or liposome are synthesized. An emulsion is typically made through the use of high pressure equipment such as a high pressure homogenizer or a Microfluidizer. Two micro-encapsulation methods for nitrocellulose are also described below. In a high-pressure homogenizer, two liquids in oil/liquid suspension are forced through a small", "title": "Artificial cell" }, { "id": "7403849", "text": "Quasi-solid Falsely-Solid, or, semisolid is the physical term for something whose state lies between a solid and a liquid. While similar to solids in some respects, such as having the ability to support their own weight and hold their shapes, a quasi-solid also shares some properties of liquids, such as conforming in shape to something applying pressure to it and the ability to flow under pressure. The words quasi-solid, semisolid, and semiliquid may be used interchangeably. Quasi-solids and semisolids are also known as amorphous solids because at the microscopic scale they have a disordered structure unlike the more common crystalline", "title": "Quasi-solid" }, { "id": "6378593", "text": "the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. Creams are semisolid dosage forms containing more than 20% water or volatile components and typically less than 50% hydrocarbons, waxes, or polyols as vehicles. They may also contain one or more drug substances dissolved or dispersed in a suitable cream base. This term has traditionally been applied to semisolids that possess a relatively fluid consistency formulated as either water-in-oil (e.g., cold cream) or oil-in-water (e.g., fluocinolone acetonide cream) emulsions. However, more recently the term has been restricted to products consisting of oil-in-water emulsions or aqueous microcrystalline dispersions of long-chain fatty acids", "title": "Cream (pharmaceutical)" }, { "id": "78827", "text": "up of a mixture of small organic molecules, inorganic ions, hormones, and water. Approximately 75-85% of the cell's volume is due to water making it an indispensable solvent as a result of its polarity and structure. These molecules within the cell, which operate as substrates, provide a suitable environment for the cell to carry out metabolic reactions and signalling. The cell shape varies among the different types of organisms, and are thus then classified into two categories: eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In the case of eukaryotic cells - which are made up of animal, plant, fungi, and protozoa cells - the", "title": "Cell biology" }, { "id": "4098976", "text": "Dry cell A dry cell is a type of electric battery, commonly used for portable electrical devices. It was developed in 1886 by the German scientist Carl Gassner, after development of wet zinc-carbon batteries by Georges Leclanché in 1866. A dry cell uses a paste electrolyte, with only enough moisture to allow current to flow. Unlike a wet cell, a dry cell can operate in any orientation without spilling, as it contains no free liquid, making it suitable for portable equipment. By comparison, the first wet cells were typically fragile glass containers with lead rods hanging from the open top", "title": "Dry cell" }, { "id": "15403166", "text": "Chemically defined medium A chemically defined medium is a growth medium suitable for the in vitro cell culture of human or animal cells in which all of the chemical components are known. Standard cell culture media are commonly supplemented with animal serum (such as fetal bovine serum, FBS) as a source of nutrients and other ill-defined factors. The technical disadvantages to using serum include its undefined nature, batch-to-batch variability in composition, and the risk of contamination. There is a clear distinction between serum-free media and chemically defined media. Serum-free media may contain undefined animal-derived products such as serum albumin (purified", "title": "Chemically defined medium" }, { "id": "12990964", "text": "two molecular layers of lipids—a lipid bilayer. New tools over the next few decades confirmed this theory, but controversy remained regarding the role of proteins in the cell membrane. Eventually the fluid mosaic model was composed in which proteins “float” in a fluid lipid bilayer \"sea\". Although simplistic and incomplete, this model is still widely referenced today. Since the invention of the microscope in the seventeenth century it has been known that plant and animal tissue is composed of cells : the cell was discovered by Robert Hooke. The plant cell wall was easily visible even with these early microscopes", "title": "History of cell membrane theory" }, { "id": "3971327", "text": "cell lysis and formation of a viral plaque. Cell culture Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside their natural environment. After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue, they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. These conditions vary for each cell type, but generally consist of a suitable vessel with a substrate or medium that supplies the essential nutrients (amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals), growth factors, hormones, and gases (CO, O), and regulates the physio-chemical environment (pH buffer, osmotic pressure, temperature). Most cells require a surface or", "title": "Cell culture" }, { "id": "3903312", "text": "all adult tissues and organs. In the human embryo, after about three days, the zygote forms a solid mass of cells by mitotic division, called a morula. This then changes to a blastocyst, consisting of an outer layer called a trophoblast, and an inner cell mass called the embryoblast. Filled with uterine fluid, the blastocyst breaks out of the zona pellucida and undergoes implantation. The inner cell mass initially has two layers: the hypoblast and epiblast. At the end of the second week, a primitive streak appears. The epiblast in this region moves towards the primitive streak, dives down into", "title": "Germ layer" }, { "id": "15907483", "text": "the fluid mosaic model has been modernized to detail contemporary discoveries, the basics have remained constant: the membrane is a lipid bilayer composed of hydrophilic exterior heads and a hydrophobic interior where proteins can interact with hydrophilic heads through polar interactions, but proteins that span the bilayer fully or partially have hydrophobic amino acids that interact with the non-polar lipid interior. The fluid mosaic model not only provided an accurate representation of membrane mechanics, it enhanced the study of hydrophobic forces, which would later develop into an essential descriptive limitation to describe biological macromolecules. For many centuries, the scientists cited", "title": "Cell membrane" }, { "id": "1745871", "text": "Convection cell In the field of fluid dynamics, a convection cell is the phenomenon that occurs when density differences exist within a body of liquid or gas. These density differences result in rising and/or falling currents, which are the key characteristics of a convection cell. When a volume of fluid is heated, it expands and becomes less dense and thus more buoyant than the surrounding fluid. The colder, denser part of the fluid descends to settle below the warmer, less-dense fluid, and this causes the warmer fluid to rise. Such movement is called convection, and the moving body of liquid", "title": "Convection cell" }, { "id": "8979150", "text": "write that zinc, silver and silver chloride are solids, while zinc cation and chloride anion are in aqueous media. So, the new notation will be: It is possible to express the ion concentration too. For example, in the Galvanic cell: In this case, all ions (sulfate, zinc and copper) are in a concentration equal to 1 mol/L. Cell notation Cell notation in chemistry is a shorthand way of expressing a certain reaction in an electrochemical cell. The cell anode and cathode (half-cells) are separated by two bars or slashes representing a salt bridge, with the anode on the left and", "title": "Cell notation" }, { "id": "20297854", "text": "difficulties prevented early attempts from achieving high resolution. Two basic approaches exist for imaging liquid specimens: i) closed systems, mostly referred to as liquid cell EM (LC EM), and ii) open systems, often referred to as environmental systems. In closed systems, thin windows made of materials such as silicon nitride or graphene are used to enclose a liquid for placement in the microscope vacuum. Closed cells have found widespread use in the past decade due to the availability of reliable window microfabrication technology. Graphene provides the thinnest possible window. The oldest open system that gained widespread usage was environmental scanning", "title": "Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy" }, { "id": "13360068", "text": "more fluid cytosol (plasma sol) flowing after the gelatinous portion (plasma gel) where it congeals at the end of the pseudopodium. This results in the extension of this appendage. On the opposite (posterior) end of the cell, plasma gel is then converted to plasma sol and streamed toward the advancing pseudopodium. As long as the cell has a way to grapple the substratum, repetition of this process guides the cell forward. Inside the amoeba, there are proteins that can be activated to convert the gel into the more liquid sol state. Cytoplasm consist largely of actin and actin is regulated", "title": "Amoeboid movement" }, { "id": "12990971", "text": "light region, which they incorrectly interpreted as a single molecular layer of protein. A more accurate interpretation was made by J. David Robertson, who determined that the dark electron-dense bands were the headgroups and associated proteins of two apposed lipid monolayers. In this body of work, Robertson put forward the concept of the “unit membrane.” This was the first time the bilayer structure had been universally assigned to all cell membranes as well as organelle membranes. The idea of a semipermeable membrane, a barrier that is permeable to solvent but impermeable to solute molecules was developed at about the same", "title": "History of cell membrane theory" }, { "id": "4895025", "text": "Murashige and Skoog medium Murashige and Skoog medium (or MSO or MS0 \"(MS-zero)\") is a plant growth medium used in the laboratories for cultivation of plant cell culture. MSO was invented by plant scientists Toshio Murashige and Folke K. Skoog in 1962 during Murashige's search for a new plant growth regulator. A number behind the letters MS is used to indicate the sucrose concentration of the medium. For example, MS0 contains no sucrose and MS20 contains 20 g/l sucrose. Along with its modifications, it is the most commonly used medium in plant tissue culture experiments in the laboratory. As Skoog's", "title": "Murashige and Skoog medium" }, { "id": "15907512", "text": "and ions) from diffusing across the membrane, but generally allows for the passive diffusion of hydrophobic molecules. This affords the cell the ability to control the movement of these substances via transmembrane protein complexes such as pores, channels and gates. Flippases and scramblases concentrate phosphatidyl serine, which carries a negative charge, on the inner membrane. Along with NANA, this creates an extra barrier to charged moieties moving through the membrane. Membranes serve diverse functions in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. One important role is to regulate the movement of materials into and out of cells. The phospholipid bilayer structure (fluid mosaic", "title": "Cell membrane" }, { "id": "15907499", "text": "cells to hold them together to form tissues. Fungi, bacteria, most archaea, and plants also have a cell wall, which provides a mechanical support to the cell and precludes the passage of larger molecules. The cell membrane is selectively permeable and able to regulate what enters and exits the cell, thus facilitating the transport of materials needed for survival. The movement of substances across the membrane can be either \"passive\", occurring without the input of cellular energy, or \"active\", requiring the cell to expend energy in transporting it. The membrane also maintains the cell potential. The cell membrane thus works", "title": "Cell membrane" }, { "id": "12909094", "text": "(known as explants) are taken. The sterile explants are then usually placed on the surface of a sterile solid culture medium, but are sometimes placed directly into a sterile liquid medium, particularly when cell suspension cultures are desired. Solid and liquid media are generally composed of inorganic salts plus a few organic nutrients, vitamins and plant hormones. Solid media are prepared from liquid media with the addition of a gelling agent, usually purified agar. The composition of the medium, particularly the plant hormones and the nitrogen source (nitrate versus ammonium salts or amino acids) have profound effects on the morphology", "title": "Plant tissue culture" }, { "id": "19473131", "text": "or absorption of small molecules. Additionally, uncured PDMS oligomers can leach into the cell culture media, which can harm the microenvironment. As an alternative to commonly used PDMS, there have been advances in the use of thermoplastics (e.g., polystyrene) as a replacement material. Spatial organization of cells in microscale devices largely depends on the culture region geometry for cells to perform functions \"in vivo\". For example, long, narrow channels may be desired to culture neurons. The perfusion system chosen might also affect the geometry chosen. For example, in a system that incorporates syringe pumps, channels for perfusion inlet, perfusion outlet,", "title": "Microfluidic cell culture" }, { "id": "12254352", "text": "membrane (vacuole) or protoplast by diffusing across the phospholipid bilayer via aquaporins (small transmembrane proteins similar to those responsible for facilitated diffusion and ion channels). Osmosis provides the primary means by which water is transported into and out of cells. The turgor pressure of a cell is largely maintained by osmosis across the cell membrane between the cell interior and its relatively hypotonic environment. Some kinds of osmotic flow have been observed since ancient times, e.g., on the construction of Egyptian pyramids. Jean-Antoine Nollet first documented observation of osmosis in 1748. The word \"osmosis\" descends from the words \"endosmose\" and", "title": "Osmosis" }, { "id": "15907489", "text": "membranes by altering lipid composition is called homeoviscous adaptation. The entire membrane is held together via non-covalent interaction of hydrophobic tails, however the structure is quite fluid and not fixed rigidly in place. Under physiological conditions phospholipid molecules in the cell membrane are in the liquid crystalline state. It means the lipid molecules are free to diffuse and exhibit rapid lateral diffusion along the layer in which they are present. However, the exchange of phospholipid molecules between intracellular and extracellular leaflets of the bilayer is a very slow process. Lipid rafts and caveolae are examples of cholesterol-enriched microdomains in the", "title": "Cell membrane" }, { "id": "10185629", "text": "be exchanged with 1-bromo-3-chloropropane when using the new generation TRI Reagent. TRIzol is light sensitive and is often stored in a dark-colored, glass container covered in foil. It must be kept below room temperature. When used, it resembles cough syrup, bright pink. The smell of the phenol is extremely strong. TRIzol works by maintaining RNA integrity during tissue homogenization, while at the same time disrupting and breaking down cells and cell components. Caution should be taken while using TRIzol (due to the phenol and chloroform). Exposure to TRIzol can be a serious health hazard. Exposure can lead to serious chemical", "title": "Trizol" }, { "id": "125111", "text": "central vacuole encompassed by a membrane called the tonoplast. Vacuoles of plant cells act as storage compartments for the nutrients and waste of a cell. The solution that these molecules are stored in is called the cell sap. Pigments that color the cell are sometime located in the cell sap. Vacuoles can also increase the size of the cell, which elongates as water is added, and they control the turgor pressure (the osmotic pressure that keeps the cell wall from caving in). Like lysosomes of animal cells, vacuoles have an acidic pH and contain hydrolytic enzymes. The pH of vacuoles", "title": "Endomembrane system" }, { "id": "3157828", "text": "The Cell The Cell is a 2000 science fiction horror film directed by Tarsem Singh in his directorial debut, and starring Jennifer Lopez, Vince Vaughn, and Vincent D'Onofrio. It received mixed reviews upon its release, with critics praising its visuals, direction, make-up, costumes and D'Onofrio's performance, while criticizing its \"Silence of the Lambs\"-inspired plot, an emphasis on style rather than substance, and masochistic imagery. Child psychologist Catherine Deane (Jennifer Lopez) is hired to conduct an experimental virtual reality treatment for coma patients: a \"Neurological Cartography and Synaptic Transfer System\" device managed by doctors Henry West and Miriam Kent that allows", "title": "The Cell" }, { "id": "1000030", "text": "sample in a single central cavity rather than in tubes. Some zonal rotors are capable of dynamic loading and unloading of samples while the rotor is spinning at high speed. Preparative rotors are used in biology for pelleting of fine particulate fractions, such as cellular organelles (mitochondria, microsomes, ribosomes) and viruses. They can also be used for gradient separations, in which the tubes are filled from top to bottom with an increasing concentration of a dense substance in solution. Sucrose gradients are typically used for separation of cellular organelles. Gradients of caesium salts are used for separation of nucleic acids.", "title": "Ultracentrifuge" }, { "id": "9546209", "text": "by a temperature change. The hepatocytes then contract the gel by their attachment to the collagen matrix, reducing the volume of the suspension and creating a flow space within the fibers. Nutrient media is circulated through the fibers to sustain the cells. During use, plasma is removed from the patients blood. The patient's plasma is fed into the space surrounding the fibers. The fibers, which are composed of a semi-permeable membrane, facilitate transfer of toxins, nutrients and other chemicals between the blood and the suspended cells. The membrane also keeps immune bodies, such as immunoglobulins, from passing to the cells", "title": "Bioartificial liver device" }, { "id": "15066802", "text": "Cell encapsulation Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders. The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of", "title": "Cell encapsulation" }, { "id": "12990985", "text": "a monograph The Permeability of Living Cells, which rejects the bulk phase theories. History of cell membrane theory Cell theory has its origins in seventeenth century microscopy observations, but it was nearly two hundred years before a complete cell membrane theory was developed to explain what separates cells from the outside world. By the 19th century it was accepted that some form of semi-permeable barrier must exist around a cell. Studies of the action of anesthetic molecules led to the theory that this barrier might be made of some sort of fat (lipid), but the structure was still unknown. A", "title": "History of cell membrane theory" }, { "id": "3388636", "text": "Semisynthesis Semisynthesis or partial chemical synthesis is a type of chemical synthesis that uses chemical compounds isolated from natural sources (e.g., microbial cell cultures or plant material) as the starting materials to produce other novel compounds with distinct chemical and medicinal properties. These novel compounds are generally high molecular weight or have complex molecular structure, more so than those produced by total synthesis from simple starting materials. Semisynthesis is a means of preparing many medicines more cheaply than if by total synthesis, because fewer chemical steps are necessary. Drugs derived from natural sources are usually produced by isolation from the", "title": "Semisynthesis" }, { "id": "18856962", "text": "Hollow fiber membrane Hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) are a class of artificial membranes containing a semi-permeable barrier in the form of a hollow fiber. Originally developed in the 1960s for reverse osmosis applications, hollow fiber membranes have since become prevalent in water treatment, desalination, cell culture, medicine, and tissue engineering. Most commercial hollow fiber membranes are packed into cartridges which can be used for a variety of liquid and gaseous separations. HFMs are commonly produced using artificial polymers. The specific production methods involved are heavily dependent on the type of polymer used as well as its molecular weight. HFM production,", "title": "Hollow fiber membrane" }, { "id": "7673834", "text": "A material can be semipermeable, with the presence of a semipermeable membrane. Only molecules or ions with certain properties will be able to diffuse across such a membrane. This is a very important mechanism in biology where fluids inside a blood vessel need to be regulated and controlled. Permeation can occur through most materials including metals, ceramics and polymers. However, the permeability of metals is much lower than that of ceramics and polymers due to their crystal structure and porosity. Permeation is something that must be considered carefully in many polymer applications, due to their high permeability. Permeability depends on", "title": "Permeation" }, { "id": "5655372", "text": "that can be used is diluted Matrigel. When used undiluted, Matrigel promotes stem cell growth and differentiation. Matrigel Matrigel is the trade name for a gelatinous protein mixture secreted by Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma cells produced and marketed by Corning Life Sciences and BD Biosciences. Trevigen, Inc. markets their own version under the trade name Cultrex BME. Matrigel resembles the complex extracellular environment found in many tissues and is used by cell biologists as a substrate (basement membrane matrix) for culturing cells. A common laboratory procedure is to dispense small volumes of chilled (4 °C) liquid Matrigel onto plastic tissue", "title": "Matrigel" }, { "id": "43642", "text": "made up of cellulose, fungi cell walls are made up of chitin and bacteria cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan. A gelatinous capsule is present in some bacteria outside the cell membrane and cell wall. The capsule may be polysaccharide as in pneumococci, meningococci or polypeptide as \"Bacillus anthracis\" or hyaluronic acid as in streptococci. Capsules are not marked by normal staining protocols and can be detected by India ink or methyl blue; which allows for higher contrast between the cells for observation. Flagella are organelles for cellular mobility. The bacterial flagellum stretches from cytoplasm through the cell membrane(s)", "title": "Cell (biology)" } ]

[ "September 22, 1994" ]

[ { "id": "145211", "text": "premiered with the name \"Friends\" on September 22, 1994, in the coveted Thursday 8:30 p.m. time slot. The pilot aired between \"Mad About You\" and \"Seinfeld\", and was watched by almost 22 million American viewers. The series was a huge success throughout its run and was a staple of NBC's Thursday night line-up, dubbed by the network as Must See TV. When Crane told reporters in 2001 that the ninth season was a possibility, critics believed that he was posturing and that at least two of the cast members would not sign on for another season. When it was confirmed", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "145146", "text": "Friends Friends is an American television sitcom, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Marta Kauffman, and David Crane. Kauffman and Crane began developing \"Friends\" under the title", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "1689751", "text": "Barney & Friends Barney & Friends is an American children's television series aimed at children from ages 1 to 8, created by Sheryl Leach and produced by HIT Entertainment. It premiered on PBS on April 6, 1992. The series features the title character Barney, a purple anthropomorphic \"Tyrannosaurus rex\" who conveys educational messages through songs and small dance routines with a friendly, optimistic attitude. Production of new episodes originally ceased on September 18, 2009, although reruns of the series were still shown on many PBS stations in the following years. Reruns aired for 10 years on Sprout from 2005 until", "title": "Barney & Friends" }, { "id": "12473652", "text": "Johnson and Friends Johnson and Friends (stylised as Johnson & Friends) is an Australian children’s television program broadcast on the ABC from 3 September 1990 to 30 October 1995. It was produced by Film Australia and lasted for four series. In the UK it was shown on TCC, CBBC, and then on UK Living's \"Tiny Living\" strand for under-fives. It was later aired in the United States with dubbed American voices as a part of The Fox Cubhouse, an educational children's anthology series on Fox Kids, between 1994 and early 1996. The series was last repeated on ABC1, with this", "title": "Johnson and Friends" }, { "id": "12473661", "text": "day since. It is believed that the master tapes of the US version were wiped, however, several master copies are known to exist. Johnson and Friends Johnson and Friends (stylised as Johnson & Friends) is an Australian children’s television program broadcast on the ABC from 3 September 1990 to 30 October 1995. It was produced by Film Australia and lasted for four series. In the UK it was shown on TCC, CBBC, and then on UK Living's \"Tiny Living\" strand for under-fives. It was later aired in the United States with dubbed American voices as a part of The Fox", "title": "Johnson and Friends" }, { "id": "13353617", "text": "Friends (season 1) The first season of \"Friends\", an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, premiered on NBC on September 22, 1994. \"Friends\" was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The season contains 24 episodes and concluded airing on May 18, 1995. Early reviews of the series were mixed. Tom Feran of \"The Plain Dealer\" wrote that the series traded \"vaguely and less successfully on the hanging-out style of \"Seinfeld\"\", while Ann Hodges of the \"Houston Chronicle\" called it \"the new \"Seinfeld\" wannabe, but it will never be as funny as \"Seinfeld\".\" In", "title": "Friends (season 1)" }, { "id": "145147", "text": "\"Insomnia Cafe\" between November and December 1993. They presented the idea to Bright, and together they pitched a seven-page treatment of the show to NBC. After several script rewrites and changes, including a title change to \"Six of One\", and, \"Friends Like Us\", the series was finally named \"Friends\". Filming of the show took place at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California. All ten seasons of \"Friends\" ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings; it ultimately reached the number-one spot in its eighth season. The series finale aired on May 6, 2004, and was watched by", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "1689763", "text": "time, said this: Barney & Friends Barney & Friends is an American children's television series aimed at children from ages 1 to 8, created by Sheryl Leach and produced by HIT Entertainment. It premiered on PBS on April 6, 1992. The series features the title character Barney, a purple anthropomorphic \"Tyrannosaurus rex\" who conveys educational messages through songs and small dance routines with a friendly, optimistic attitude. Production of new episodes originally ceased on September 18, 2009, although reruns of the series were still shown on many PBS stations in the following years. Reruns aired for 10 years on Sprout", "title": "Barney & Friends" }, { "id": "12231633", "text": "Lovers and Friends Lovers and Friends is an American soap opera that aired on NBC from January 3 to May 6, 1977. When the show didn't catch on immediately, NBC put the show on hiatus for seven months, and then brought it back as a retooled show, \"For Richer, For Poorer\". The second version aired from December 6, 1977, to September 29, 1978. The show was created by Harding Lemay and Paul Rauch, who were both also working for the daytime drama \"Another World\". \"Lovers and Friends\" was considered to be an indirect spin-off of the former series, and took", "title": "Lovers and Friends" }, { "id": "3832556", "text": "Sam and Friends Sam and Friends is an early live-action/puppet television show created by puppeteer Jim Henson and his eventual wife Jane Nebel. It was taped and aired twice daily as a local series in Washington, D.C., on WRC-TV in black and white, and later color, on weeknights from May 9, 1955, to December 15, 1961. Most of the original episodes were wiped after airing on TV. A few surviving episodes can be viewed at the Paley Center for Media but many can also be found on popular video sites like YouTube, such as those digitally archived by The Jim", "title": "Sam and Friends" }, { "id": "12858868", "text": "into a fight on a local basketball court. It became one of the popular sitcoms during the 90s, despite only one Emmy nomination and moderately positive critical reception. \"Friends\", which originally aired on NBC from 1994 to 2004, received acclaim throughout its run, becoming one of the most popular television shows of all time. The series was nominated for 62 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth season. The show ranked no. 21 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time and no. 5 on \"Empire\" magazine's The 50 Greatest TV", "title": "Sitcom" }, { "id": "145216", "text": "Zealand on TV2 since January 2011. Netflix added all ten seasons of \"Friends\" in high definition to their streaming service in the United States on January 1, 2015. \"Friends\" has aired on different channels in the UK in their original, unedited international versions prior to their being re-edited for US broadcast and syndication. These versions, with additional footage not seen domestically, have aired on such stations as Channel 4, Sky1, E4, and Comedy Central UK. On September 4, 2011, \"Friends\" officially ended on E4 after the channel re-ran the series since 2004. Comedy Central took over the rights to air", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "145185", "text": "The opening title sequence was filmed in a fountain at the Warner Bros. Ranch at 4:00 am, while it was particularly cold for a Burbank morning. At the beginning of the second season, production moved to the larger Stage 24, which was renamed \"The Friends Stage\" after the series finale. Filming for the series began during the summer (June, July, and August in the US) of 1994 in front of a live audience, who were given a summary of the series to familiarize themselves with the six main characters; a hired comedian entertained the studio audience between takes. Each 22-minute", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "12231646", "text": "the title, a rainbow was shown. Notable stars from the series who went on to greater fame in either daytime or primetime series, were Rod Arrants (who married his co-star, Patricia Estrin), Nancy Marchand, Patricia Barry, Christine Jones, Margaret Barker, Nancy Snyder, John Heffernan, and Patricia Englund. Lovers and Friends Lovers and Friends is an American soap opera that aired on NBC from January 3 to May 6, 1977. When the show didn't catch on immediately, NBC put the show on hiatus for seven months, and then brought it back as a retooled show, \"For Richer, For Poorer\". The second", "title": "Lovers and Friends" }, { "id": "145226", "text": "Goldberg-Meehan. NBC heavily promoted \"Joey\" and gave it \"Friends\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> Thursday 8:00 pm timeslot. The pilot was watched by 18.60 million American viewers, but ratings continually decreased throughout the series's two seasons, averaging 10.20 million viewers in the first season and 7.10 million in the second. The final broadcast episode on March 7, 2006, was watched by 7.09 million viewers; NBC cancelled the series on May 15, 2006, after two seasons. Bright blamed the collaboration between NBC executives, the studio and other producers for quickly ruining the series: Articles concerning the cultural influence of the programme: Friends Friends is an American", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "3802663", "text": "Girlfriends (2000 TV series) Girlfriends is an American sitcom that premiered on September 11, 2000, on UPN and aired on UPN's successor network, The CW, before being cancelled in 2008. The final episode aired on February 11, 2008. When \"Girlfriends\" returned in fall 2007 for its eighth season, it became the longest-running live-action sitcom on network television that was on air during that time. It was one of the highest-rated scripted shows on television among African-American adults 18-34, including its spin-off \"The Game\". The series debuted on UPN on Monday September 11, 2000. After airing for several years on the", "title": "Girlfriends (2000 TV series)" }, { "id": "3248235", "text": "May 4, 1994 at Warner Bros.' studios in Burbank, California. After making final edits to the episode, executive producer Kevin Bright submitted it on May 11, two days before NBC was due to announce the schedule. Satisfied with the completed pilot, NBC ordered 12 more episodes for the first season. The episode was watched by approximately 22 million viewers, making it the fifteenth-most-watched television show of the week. Critics compared the show unfavorably to \"Seinfeld\" and \"Ellen\", noting the similarities all three series had in depicting friends conversing about their lives. The cast, particularly Schwimmer, were complimented, though there was", "title": "The Pilot (Friends)" }, { "id": "7964551", "text": "Fox & Friends First Fox & Friends First is an early breakfast television news program on Fox News Channel. The two-hour-long program leads into the network's main three-hour morning block \"Fox & Friends\", with some of its hosts appearing regularly as anchors and contributors on the weekday or weekend editions of \"Fox & Friends\". The current incarnation of the show debuted on March 5, 2012 with Heather Childers and Ainsley Earnhard as the original hosts of the show. The show is early-morning hard news-like show along with the latest headlines happening overnight and news of the morning. Due to the", "title": "Fox & Friends First" }, { "id": "8539952", "text": "those animation idents. In 1994, Channel 4 purchased the broadcast rights to the popular American sitcom \"Friends\". The series proved to be very popular amongst the UK audience and Channel 4 acquired syndication rights and re-ran the series for another 7 years after the show's original run ended. In October 2011, 4's contract with Warner Bros. came to an end, with Comedy Central purchasing the broadcast rights and began showing episodes from November 2011 in both standard definition and high definition. Now all episodes of \"Friends\" are broadcast on Comedy Central, and Channel 5 from September 2018. The following is", "title": "E4 (TV channel)" }, { "id": "145215", "text": "episode to air the episodes after 6 p.m. ET for six years through fall 2017. In syndication until 2005, \"Friends\" had earned $4 million per episode in cash license fees for a total of $944 million. Beginning on March 5, 2012, high definition versions of all 236 \"Friends\" episodes were made available to local broadcast stations, starting with the pilot episode. For the remastered episodes, Warner Bros. restored previously cropped images on the left and right sides of the screen, using the original 35 mm film source, to use the entire widescreen frame. These masters had been airing in New", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "145218", "text": "Hits. The show is broadcast on TV2 in New Zealand. In Canada, the series was broadcast on Global. In later years, it was syndicated on several of its cable sibling networks, including Slice, DTour, and TVTropolis, its previous incarnation. In India, the show is broadcast by Comedy Central at various times. It is the most-watched English language show in the country. In the Philippines, the show was originally aired on ABC-5 from 1996 to 2005 and ETC from 2005 to 2014. In Greece, the show was broadcast on Star Channel. In Cyprus, \"Friends\" aired on CyBC 2 while reruns air", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "3832561", "text": "with images of characters from \"Sam & Friends\" and benches inscribed with quotes from Henson. Sam and Friends Sam and Friends is an early live-action/puppet television show created by puppeteer Jim Henson and his eventual wife Jane Nebel. It was taped and aired twice daily as a local series in Washington, D.C., on WRC-TV in black and white, and later color, on weeknights from May 9, 1955, to December 15, 1961. Most of the original episodes were wiped after airing on TV. A few surviving episodes can be viewed at the Paley Center for Media but many can also be", "title": "Sam and Friends" }, { "id": "2721693", "text": "Friends of the People Friends of the People is an American sketch comedy television series. It was slated to premiere on TruTV in summer 2014, but was pushed to October 28, 2014, as part of the network's shift in their programming direction. Many of the cast members (Jennifer Bartels, Jermaine Fowler, and Lil Rel Howery) were originally reported to be cast members of a planned revival of \"In Living Color\" which never materialized. The show's first season consisted of 10 episodes. This made it the network's first sketch comedy show. The series held a TV-14 rating, though select episodes were", "title": "Friends of the People" }, { "id": "2721694", "text": "rated TV-MA — also a first for the truTV network. Friends of the People Friends of the People is an American sketch comedy television series. It was slated to premiere on TruTV in summer 2014, but was pushed to October 28, 2014, as part of the network's shift in their programming direction. Many of the cast members (Jennifer Bartels, Jermaine Fowler, and Lil Rel Howery) were originally reported to be cast members of a planned revival of \"In Living Color\" which never materialized. The show's first season consisted of 10 episodes. This made it the network's first sketch comedy show.", "title": "Friends of the People" }, { "id": "1766502", "text": "& Friends\" premiered as a stand-alone program on PBS Kids, it was first distributed from 2004 to 2007 by Connecticut Public Television, and then by WNET from 2008 to 2017, and Sprout 2005 to 2015. The rights to broadcast the series through PBS expired in December 2017, thus ending a period of almost 30 years of programming related to \"Thomas & Friends\" on American public television. Now it airs on Nick Jr. and Nickelodeon. The program airs in Australia on ABC Kids and on FOUR in New Zealand. In Canada, it plays on TVO, Family Jr., Knowledge Kids, MBC 3", "title": "Thomas & Friends" }, { "id": "7964556", "text": "Studio J for construction. The team moved back to Studio J on June 19, 2018. Fox & Friends First Fox & Friends First is an early breakfast television news program on Fox News Channel. The two-hour-long program leads into the network's main three-hour morning block \"Fox & Friends\", with some of its hosts appearing regularly as anchors and contributors on the weekday or weekend editions of \"Fox & Friends\". The current incarnation of the show debuted on March 5, 2012 with Heather Childers and Ainsley Earnhard as the original hosts of the show. The show is early-morning hard news-like show", "title": "Fox & Friends First" }, { "id": "776046", "text": "ET, where it was the highest-rated daytime network program. The show moved to the NBC network starting September 24, 1961, broadcast in color, and first appeared on Sundays at 7 p.m. ET, just before \"Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color\". \"Bullwinkle\"'s ratings suffered as a result of airing opposite perennial favorite \"Lassie\". A potential move to CBS caused NBC to reschedule the show to late Sunday afternoons (5:30 p.m. ET) and early Saturday afternoons in its final season. NBC canceled the show in the summer of 1964. It was shopped to ABC, but they were not interested. However, reruns of", "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends" }, { "id": "3802669", "text": "is available to stream on The CW's free digital-only network, CW Seed. Girlfriends (2000 TV series) Girlfriends is an American sitcom that premiered on September 11, 2000, on UPN and aired on UPN's successor network, The CW, before being cancelled in 2008. The final episode aired on February 11, 2008. When \"Girlfriends\" returned in fall 2007 for its eighth season, it became the longest-running live-action sitcom on network television that was on air during that time. It was one of the highest-rated scripted shows on television among African-American adults 18-34, including its spin-off \"The Game\". The series debuted on UPN", "title": "Girlfriends (2000 TV series)" }, { "id": "6984313", "text": "Side one originally aired live on KPFK on February 3, 1971 and October 18, 1970. Side two originally aired live on KPFK on February 17, 1971. These shows were distributed to radio stations on 12 inch, white label LPs. Selected parts of these shows were released by the group on the Columbia Records label as the double album \"Dear Friends\" in 1972. Other parts were released — without mention of their origin — as parts of the group's \"Just Folks... A Firesign Chat\" album on Butterfly Records in 1977. Between June 15 and September 28, 2010, New York radio station", "title": "Dear Friends (radio program)" }, { "id": "1766501", "text": "Rescue\", and continues to work on the series in this capacity. In the United Kingdom, \"Thomas & Friends\" was originally broadcast back and forth between ITV and Cartoon Network until 2006. Since then it has been broadcast on Channel 5's Milkshake! strand. In the United States, the series had first appeared only as sequences on \"Shining Time Station\" during the program's run from 1989 to 1995 on PBS. The sequences of the series later aired in 1996 on \"Mr. Conductor's Thomas Tales\". The series aired as \"Storytime with Thomas\" on Fox Family (now Freeform) from 1999 to 2001. When \"Thomas", "title": "Thomas & Friends" }, { "id": "5939283", "text": "half of the 1990s, and remained on the air until 2000, becoming the third longest running teen drama in history (after \"Grange Hill\" and \"\", which surpassed \"90210\" for second place with its 11th season in 2011). Another teen drama of the early 1990s was the 1994–95 ABC series \"My So-Called Life\", which launched the careers of young actors Claire Danes and Jared Leto. Although the series was critically acclaimed for its realistic portrayal of teen life, it was not a ratings success, mainly because it shared a timeslot with the NBC sitcom \"Friends\" (which debuted that same season and", "title": "Teen drama" }, { "id": "145148", "text": "around 52.5 million American viewers, making it the fifth most-watched series finale in television history, and the most-watched television episode of the 2000s decade. \"Friends\" received acclaim throughout its run, becoming one of the most popular television shows of all time. The series was nominated for 62 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning the Outstanding Comedy Series award in 2002 for its eighth season. The show ranked no. 21 on \"TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, and no. 7 on \"Empire\" magazine's The 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 1997, the episode \"The One with the Prom", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "3419183", "text": "2 only. It also appeared on The Children's Channel in reruns. It is unknown if it will ever return to the UK. In Ireland, \"Garfield and Friends\" aired on RTÉ TWO Monday to Friday at 6pm (followed by \"Home and Away\"); it replaced RTÉ teen magazine programme \"Jo Maxi\" and was eventually replaced by \"The Simpsons\". In the United States, the series appeared in syndication from 1993 to 2001, on TBS, TNT, and Cartoon Network from 1995 to 1997, and Nickelodeon from 1997 to 2000. In 2001, it appeared on ABC Family until 2003. Toon Disney aired it from 2003", "title": "Garfield and Friends" }, { "id": "12473655", "text": "version as well their own localised dub. The series was shown on CBBC in the UK from 1991-1999, as well as The Children's Channel and Tiny Living, TVOKids and Knowledge Network in Canada, Fox Kids in the USA, M-Net, Bop TV and SABC 2 in South Africa, TV One in New Zealand, Network 2 in Ireland, Fuji TV in Japan, Mediacorp Channel 5 in Singapore and NBC in Namibia. The series was critically acclaimed in Japan and spawned an extensive range of merchandise, including plush toys, jigsaw puzzles and more. A small amount of merchandise was also released in the", "title": "Johnson and Friends" }, { "id": "145219", "text": "on TVOne. In Albania, the show was originally broadcast by Top Channel. Reruns were broadcast by A1 Report. In October 2014, Warner Bros. chairman and chief executive officer, Kevin Tsujihara, announced that the company had licensed the North American streaming rights of all ten seasons of \"Friends\" to Netflix, in a deal said to be worth around $500,000 an episode, or about $120 million in total. The show became available on Netflix from January 1, 2015. The Netflix airings are in the versions as aired on NBC rather than the longer international versions, as discussed below. All ten seasons have", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "145217", "text": "the program from October 2011. In the Republic of Ireland, each season of the show made its European debut on RTÉ2. After 2004 RTÉ2 began to repeat the series from the start before moving over to TV3 and its digital channel 3e in 2010. , repeats of the show have returned to RTÉ2 while also broadcasting on Comedy Central Ireland. \"Friends\" has aired in Australia on the Seven Network (season 1 only), Nine Network (season 2–10), Network Ten (2007–09, repeats), on GEM (a sub-channel of the Nine Network), and on pay TV channel TV Hits formerly aired on Arena, 111", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "2382827", "text": "most recent series of \"The Simpsons\". Another early and long running fixture was \"Married... with Children\", which ran all through the 1990s, but in the early 2000s the show suddenly disappeared from its regular schedule and has not been screened on any Sky channel since. Sky One was also the original home to the UK's first run showings of episodes of \"ER\" and \"Friends\", for series 4–6 of both shows (Channel 4 had shown series 1–3 first), giving Sky One some of the highest ratings for any satellite channel. In 2000, 2.8 million viewers watched an episode of \"Friends\", the", "title": "Sky One" }, { "id": "501999", "text": "Jennifer Aniston Jennifer Joanna Aniston (born February 11, 1969) is an American actress, film producer, and businessperson. The daughter of actors John Aniston and Nancy Dow, she began her acting career at an early age making her acting debut with an uncredited role in the 1987 film \"Mac and Me\". Aniston rose to fame portraying Rachel Green on the television sitcom \"Friends\" (1994–2004), for which she earned a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award (SAG). The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of", "title": "Jennifer Aniston" }, { "id": "13812359", "text": "putting them over rival companies such as HBO. Nickelodeon launched on April 1, 1979 (as the first ever all children's network) on Warner Cable's system in Buffalo, New York. It quickly expanded its audience reach, first to other Warner Cable systems across the country, and eventually to other cable providers. It was distributed via satellite on RCA Satcom-1, which went into orbit one week earlier on March 26 – originally transmitted on transponder space purchased from televangelists Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker. Despite its prior history on the QUBE system under the Pinwheel name, Nickelodeon has designated 1979 as the", "title": "History of Nickelodeon" }, { "id": "532824", "text": "Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends is an American animated television series produced by Marvel Productions, considered to be a crossover series connected to 1981 \"Spider-Man\" series. The show stars already-established Marvel Comics characters Spider-Man and Iceman, plus an original character, Firestar. As a trio called the Spider-Friends, they fought against various villains of the Marvel Universe. Originally broadcast on NBC as a Saturday morning cartoon, the series ran first-run original episodes for three seasons, from 1981 to 1983, then aired repeats for an additional two years (from 1984 to 1986). Alongside the 1981 \"Spider-Man\" animated", "title": "Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends" }, { "id": "3419180", "text": "released were single-disc compilations based on a theme, such as in 2006. \"Garfield and Friends\" has been syndicated on television around the world, beginning in the late 1980s and remaining on air in present day. In Latin America, it played on Cartoon Network from 1993 to 2005, on Boomerang from 2005 to the present and on Warner Channel from 1998 to the present. Currently, all three of these networks have lost the rights to the show, however, though it still runs on Boomerang. Televisa's Canal 5 also played the show for many years, from the mid-1990s to early 2000s (decade).", "title": "Garfield and Friends" }, { "id": "10513204", "text": "Fred Flintstone and Friends Fred Flintstone and Friends is a 30-minute weekday animated anthology wheel series and a spin-off of \"The Flintstones\" produced by Hanna-Barbera and Columbia Pictures Television which aired in first-run syndication from October 3, 1977 to September 1, 1978. The series was packaged by Columbia Pictures Television during the 1977–78 television season and was available for barter syndication through Claster Television through the mid-1980s. Henry Corden made his official debut as Fred Flintstone's \"speaking\" voice on this series after Alan Reed died in June 1977. Corden had previously appeared as Fred's \"singing\" voice in the theatrical film", "title": "Fred Flintstone and Friends" }, { "id": "13353619", "text": "stud routine that was already tired the last two times he tried it\". The authors of \"Friends Like Us: The Unofficial Guide to Friends\" thought that the cast was \"trying just a little too hard\", in particular Perry and Schwimmer. \"People Magazine\" said that the \"saving grace\" is that the characters become more likable as time goes on. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Friends (season 1) The first season of \"Friends\", an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, premiered on NBC on September 22, 1994. \"Friends\" was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The season contains 24", "title": "Friends (season 1)" }, { "id": "11926078", "text": "live-action format as \"Fridays\", hosted by Tommy Snider and Nzinga Blake (2003–2004), the latter of which was later replaced by Tara Sands (2005–2007). It aired several new Cartoon Network series, most of which did not bear the \"Cartoon Cartoon\" sub-brand. Acquired shows started picking up again with \"Totally Spies!\" the following year in the fall. In 2004, Cartoon Network premiered four new original series: \"Megas XLR\", \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\", \"Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi\", and \"Code Lyoko\" (which was also an acquired series). On June 14, Cartoon Network rebranded, which included an updated version of its original logo (with", "title": "Cartoon Network" }, { "id": "776048", "text": "during the 1981–1982 television season. On cable, the series had extended runs on Nickelodeon (1990–1994), Cartoon Network (1993–2002) and Boomerang (early 2000s). Since the late 2000s, The Program Exchange has typically only licensed the series for short-term runs; nationally, the series has seen limited airings on WGN America (2009), VH1 Classic (2012) and Boomerang (2013). \"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\" remained in syndicated reruns and was still available for local television stations through The Program Exchange as late as 2016; WBBZ-TV, for instance, aired the show in a strip to counterprogram 10 PM newscasts in the Buffalo, New York market", "title": "The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle and Friends" }, { "id": "3419167", "text": "Garfield and Friends Garfield and Friends is an American animated television series based on the comic strip \"Garfield\" by Jim Davis. The show was produced by Film Roman, in association with United Media in Season 1, United Media/Mendelson in season 2 and 3, United Media/Lee Mendelson Productions in season 4–6, Lee Mendelson Productions in Season 7, and Paws, Inc., and ran on CBS Saturday mornings from September 17, 1988 to December 10, 1994, with reruns airing until October 7, 1995. Seven seasons of the series were produced. In addition to the cartoons featuring Garfield, the series also included cartoons featuring", "title": "Garfield and Friends" }, { "id": "12473656", "text": "US. In 1994, executive producer Ron Saunders approached Jay Rayvid, a producer at WQED, Pittsburgh's local PBS station (known for producing \"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood\") to see if the station was interested in helping to get \"Johnson and Friends\" on television in the United States. Jay agreed, but was unable to find a market for the series as a standalone program. By this point, 52 episodes (the first three series) had been produced and were available to WQED for distribution. FOX Kids were looking to start a preschool series around the same time and thus \"The Fox Cubhouse\" was created. WQED", "title": "Johnson and Friends" }, { "id": "145194", "text": "last two times he tried it.\" The authors of \"Friends Like Us: The Unofficial Guide to Friends\" thought that the cast was \"trying just a little too hard\", in particular, Perry and Schwimmer. As the series progressed, reviews became more positive, and \"Friends\" became one of the most popular sitcoms of its time. It is now often ranked among the all-time best TV shows. Critics commended the series for having consistently sharp writing and for the chemistry between the main actors. Noel Holston of \"Newsday\", who had dismissed the pilot as a \"so-so \"Seinfeld\" wannabe\" in 1994, repudiated his earlier", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "6820559", "text": "Fox & Friends Fox & Friends is a daily morning conservative news/talk program that airs on Fox News Channel, hosted by Steve Doocy, Ainsley Earhardt, and Brian Kilmeade. It begins at 6:00 a.m. Eastern Time with the latest \"Fox News Live\" headlines and news of the morning and continues with a variety of segments including current events, interviews, updates of news stories with correspondents, political analysis from the hosts, and entertainment segments. \"Fox & Friends\" evolved from \"Fox X-press\", Fox News Channel's original morning news program. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, an additional hour was added to the", "title": "Fox & Friends" }, { "id": "289251", "text": "May 1992. Things turned around with the launches of new hit series such as \"Mad About You\", \"Wings\", \"Sisters\", \"Frasier\", \"Friends\", \"ER\" and \"Will & Grace\". One of Tartikoff's late acquisitions, \"Seinfeld\" initially struggled from its debut in 1989 as a summer series, but grew to become one of NBC's top-rated shows after it was moved to Thursdays in the time slot following \"Cheers\". \"Seinfeld\" ended its run in 1998, becoming the latest overall television program in the U.S. to end its final season as the leader in the Nielsen ratings for a single television season. Consequently, \"Friends\" emerged as", "title": "NBC" }, { "id": "12858853", "text": "It is often regarded as one of the greatest and most influential sitcoms in history. In 2012, it was voted the 'Best TV Show of All Time' in a survey conducted by ABC News and \"People Magazine\". \"The Honeymooners\" debuted as a half-hour series on 1955 and was originally aired on the DuMont network's \"Cavalcade of Stars\" and subsequently on the CBS network's \"The Jackie Gleason Show\", which was filmed in front of a live audience. Although initially a ratings success—becoming the #2 show in the United States during its first season—it faced stiff competition from \"The Perry Como Show\",", "title": "Sitcom" }, { "id": "3419182", "text": "has also appeared in Hungary, with two different dubs. Hungarian Television's channel M2 (which now airs the series regularly) broadcast the first season from 1994 to 1995, then RTL Klub aired a re-dubbed first season (although Garfield's voice stayed the same) and continued to air the remaining 122 episodes. \"Garfield and Friends\" is still popular in the country. The United Kingdom and the United States remain the highest syndicators of the show. In the UK, it appeared on CITV from 1989 through 2002, on Sky1 from 1998 to 2002, and on Boomerang from 2003 to 2006 with Season 1 and", "title": "Garfield and Friends" }, { "id": "1565261", "text": "his dog, Steve, and renamed them Peter and Brian, respectively. MacFarlane pitched a seven-minute pilot to Fox in 1998, and the show was greenlit and began production. Shortly after the third season of \"Family Guy\" had aired in 2002, Fox canceled the series with one episode left unaired. Adult Swim aired that episode in 2003, finishing the series' original run. However, favorable DVD sales and high ratings for syndicated reruns on Adult Swim convinced the network to renew the show in 2004 for a fourth season, which began airing on May 1, 2005. Since its debut on January 31, 1999,", "title": "Family Guy" }, { "id": "1689755", "text": "up in arms over the prospect of one of their most popular shows being cancelled. Faced with an atmosphere that Rifkin later described as \"like an insurrection,\" PBS ultimately relented. For several years, the show was taped at the Color Dynamics Studios facility at Greenville Avenue & Bethany Drive in Allen, Texas, after which it moved to The Studios at Las Colinas in Irving, Texas, and then Carrollton, a suburb of Dallas. The TV series and videos are currently distributed by HIT Entertainment and Universal Studios, while the TV series was produced by WNET from 2006 to 2009. The series", "title": "Barney & Friends" }, { "id": "4672435", "text": "and the only one to reach the top 10 in both countries. The song is the band's most successful hit in Ireland, where it reached No. 2, and in Germany, where it peaked at No. 10 The band performed the song with Pierson on \"Saturday Night Live\" on April 13, 1991. It was first released as a single in May 1991 in the UK, but did not go on sale in the U.S. until four months later. It was used as the theme song to the unaired pilot for the sitcom \"Friends\", known at that time as \"Friends Like Us\".", "title": "Shiny Happy People" }, { "id": "2186167", "text": "Rachel Green Rachel Karen Green is a fictional character, one of the six main characters who appeared in the American sitcom \"Friends\". Portrayed by actress Jennifer Aniston, the character was created by show creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman, and appeared in each of the show's 236 episodes during its decade-long run, from its premiere on September 22, 1994 to its finale on May 6, 2004. Introduced in the show's pilot as a naive runaway bride who reunites with her childhood best friend Monica Geller and relocates to New York City, Rachel gradually evolves from a spoiled, inexperienced \"daddy's girl\"", "title": "Rachel Green" }, { "id": "6984311", "text": "Dear Friends (radio program) Between September 16, 1970 and February 17, 1971, The Firesign Theatre performed 21 episodes of a live radio program titled Dear Friends on KPFK radio in Los Angeles. These programs were recorded and later edited into one-hour shows for national syndication. In January 1972, the group released a \"Dear Friends\" double album, a compilation of what they considered to be the best segments from the radio program. The original broadcasts were released in 2011 on the group's \"Duke of Madness Motors\" DVD compilation. Originally aired live on KPFK on November 15, 1970 Intros Originally aired live", "title": "Dear Friends (radio program)" }, { "id": "168997", "text": "only two years old at the time). From 1982 to 1991, twelve primetime \"Garfield\" cartoon specials and one hour-long primetime documentary celebrating the character's 10th anniversary were aired; Lorenzo Music voiced Garfield in all of them. A Saturday morning cartoon show, \"Garfield and Friends\", aired for seven seasons from 1988 to 1994; this adaption also starred Music as the voice of Garfield. \"The Garfield Show\", a CGI series, started development in 2007 to coincide with the strip's 30th anniversary the following year. It premiered in France in December 2008 and made its U.S. debut on Cartoon Network on November 2,", "title": "Garfield" }, { "id": "3248233", "text": "The Pilot (Friends) The Pilot, also known as \"The One Where It All Began\", \"The One Where Monica Gets a Roommate\" and “The First One”, is the pilot episode of the American situation comedy series \"Friends\", premiered on NBC on September 22, 1994. It was written by series creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman, and directed by James Burrows. The pilot introduces six friends who live and work in New York City; Monica (Courteney Cox) sleeps with a wine seller after their first date but is horrified to discover he tricked her into bed; her brother Ross (David Schwimmer) is", "title": "The Pilot (Friends)" }, { "id": "2186238", "text": "audiences struggle \"to lose the Rachel tag that has made her one of the world's most recognisable faces\". Rachel Green Rachel Karen Green is a fictional character, one of the six main characters who appeared in the American sitcom \"Friends\". Portrayed by actress Jennifer Aniston, the character was created by show creators David Crane and Marta Kauffman, and appeared in each of the show's 236 episodes during its decade-long run, from its premiere on September 22, 1994 to its finale on May 6, 2004. Introduced in the show's pilot as a naive runaway bride who reunites with her childhood best", "title": "Rachel Green" }, { "id": "1689752", "text": "2015. A revival of the show had been announced in 2015 to premiere in 2017, but to date, has not occurred. Barney was created in 1987 by Sheryl Leach of Dallas, Texas. She came up with the idea for the program while considering TV shows that she felt would be educational and also appeal to her son. Leach then brought together a team who created a series of home videos, \"Barney and the Backyard Gang\", which also starred actress Sandy Duncan in the first three videos. One day in 1991, the daughter of Connecticut Public Television executive Larry Rifkin rented", "title": "Barney & Friends" }, { "id": "145153", "text": "renegotiations. At the time, that financial benefit of a piece of the show's lucrative back-end profits had only been given out to stars who had ownership rights in a show, like Jerry Seinfeld and Bill Cosby. Series creator David Crane wanted all six actors to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show.\" The cast members made efforts to keep the ensemble format and not allow one member to dominate; they entered themselves in the same acting categories for awards, opted for collective salary negotiations, and asked to appear together on magazine cover", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "7577577", "text": "on BBC One from 1986 until 2008. The series started airing on 27 October 1986, as part of BBC1's revamped daytime schedules. \"Neighbours\" went out twice a day, with a morning broadcast and then a showing at lunchtime. Michael Grade, the channel's then controller, was advised by his daughter to move the series to 5:35 pm, as she and her friends kept missing it due to them being at school, which took place from January 1988. The show then started attracting larger audiences, peaking in 1990 at over 21 million. Towards the late 2000s, \"Neighbours\" was normally attracting an average", "title": "Neighbours" }, { "id": "510134", "text": "on ABC daytime from July 9, 1973 to April 18, 1975 and from June 30 to August 29, 1975, at 11:30 a.m. EST/10:30 CST. The show was aired on TBS starting in the 1980s until 1997, Nick at Nite in 1995 (for a special event), and again from 1998 to 2003 (and briefly during the spring of 2012), TeenNick (under the channel's former name The N) from March to April 2004, on TV Land on and off from 2002 to 2015, Nick Jr. (as part of the NickMom block from 2012 to 2013), and Hallmark Channel from January to June", "title": "The Brady Bunch" }, { "id": "14583091", "text": "each looking for the perfect mate, and the others who question their relationship, but at the same time, have their own romantic problems to deal with. \"Friends with Benefits\" was originally developed for ABC with a script order given by the network in September 2009. However, the network did not green-light a pilot for the potential series, allowing NBC to pick up the project. For the pilot episode, Fran Kranz was originally cast as Aaron, and Ian Reed Kesler portrayed Hoon (another version of Fitz). The series was officially picked up on May 16, 2010. The shows first episode had", "title": "Friends with Benefits (TV series)" }, { "id": "8269871", "text": "half-hour in place of \"Welcome to New York\", which was put on permanent hiatus. The show finally debuted on February 28, 2001, and ranked number 77 in the weekly Nielsen ratings. After two low-rated weeks on Wednesday nights, the episode \"Blah, Blah, Blah\" was aired in a high-profile timeslot on Monday night following \"Everybody Loves Raymond\". It failed to attract a wider audience. Although all seven episodes were scheduled (and rescheduled), the show wound up being pre-empted numerous times due to NCAA college basketball tournament, and ultimately two episodes went unaired during its CBS run. The unaired episodes wouldn't surface", "title": "Some of My Best Friends" }, { "id": "145200", "text": "rated compared to other television series that aired during primetime hours of the corresponding television season. It is shown in relation to the total number of series airing on the then-six major English-language networks in a given season. \"Viewers\" refers to the average number of viewers for all original episodes, broadcast during the television season in the series's regular timeslot. The \"season premiere\" is the date that the first episode of the season aired, and the \"season finale\" is the date that the final episode of the season aired. So far, \"Friends\" has been the last sitcom to reach the", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "3419181", "text": "In Australia, \"Garfield and Friends\" began syndication on Network Ten from 1989 to 1999. It also aired on cable television on Nickelodeon for several years. Most recently it played on FOX8 from 2004 to 2006. But it came back and it was played on Eleven (Australian TV channel) from 2011 to 2014. The show was also syndicated in Chile from 1989 to 2003 on Canal 13 and from 1998 to present on Warner Channel. In Estonia, the show appeared on TV 3 from 2000 to 2002, and in Finland on YLE TV2 between the years 1992-1994 and 1998-1999. The cartoon", "title": "Garfield and Friends" }, { "id": "14818072", "text": "The Adventures of Chuck and Friends The Adventures of Chuck and Friends (also known as The Adventures of Chuck & Friends, Chuck and Friends, or simply Chuck & Friends) is an American-Canadian computer-animated television series that aired in the U.S. on The Hub's defunct HubBub block, with repeats which aired Saturday mornings on The CW as part of the Vortexx block. The show was produced in collaboration by Toronto based studios Nelvana, Scholastic Entertainment, Inc.., and Hasbro Studios. The Adventures of Chuck and Friends formerly aired on Tiny Pop in the United Kingdom and on Treehouse TV in Canada. In", "title": "The Adventures of Chuck and Friends" }, { "id": "3072489", "text": "Joey (TV series) Joey is an American sitcom and a spin-off of \"Friends\" starring Matt LeBlanc reprising his role as Joey Tribbiani. It premiered on the NBC television network, on September 9, 2004, in the former time slot of its parent series, Thursday nights at 8:00 p.m. Midway through the second season, the show was placed on a hiatus by NBC but returned on March 7, 2006, in a new timeslot of Tuesdays at 8:30 p.m. One episode, \"Joey and the Snowball Fight\", was shown on a Tuesday at 8:30 p.m, but was pulled by NBC when it was overshadowed", "title": "Joey (TV series)" }, { "id": "17232188", "text": "In order to give the show the maximum possible exposure to new viewers, CBS aired \"Friends and Lovers\" on Saturday at 8:30 p.m. between two blockbuster hit situation comedies, \"All in the Family\" at 8:00 p.m. and \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" at 9:00 p.m. – arguably the best time slot for a new series in the autumn of 1974. The show also received much publicity, touted as the \"sleeper\" hit of the fall 1974 season. James L. Brooks and Allan Burns created and were the executive producers of the show. Writers included Linda Bloodworth-Thomason, Gordon Farr, Lowell Ganz, Steve", "title": "Friends and Lovers (TV series)" }, { "id": "6846408", "text": "satellite on July 23, 1962. The first live broadcast from the European continent was made on August 27, 1950. The first regularly scheduled television service in the United States began on July 2, 1928, fifteen months before the United Kingdom. The Federal Radio Commission authorized C. F. Jenkins to broadcast from experimental station W3XK in Wheaton, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. For at least the first eighteen months, 48-line silhouette images from motion picture film were broadcast, although beginning in the summer of 1929 he occasionally broadcast in halftones. Hugo Gernsback's New York City radio station began a regular,", "title": "History of television" }, { "id": "4415378", "text": "summer months. MacNeil received another honorary doctorate in 1994 from the University College of Cape Breton. MacNeil was given the opportunity to host a television variety series from 1994 until 1997 called \"Rita & Friends\". The show was produced by CBC Toronto in Studio 40. The first show brought in 1.7 million viewers. By 1996 the show had been moved from its popular Friday-night slot to Wednesday nights, and was eventually cancelled. MacNeil won a Gemini Award for Best Performance in a Variety Program in 1996. She was nominated for the same award in 1994, but did not win, and", "title": "Rita MacNeil" }, { "id": "567562", "text": "as part of Fox's initial Thursday night lineup that fall (along with future hit \"Beverly Hills, 90210\", which would become the network's longest-running drama, airing for ten seasons) after only a half-season of success on Sunday nights. The show performed well in its new Thursday slot, spending four seasons there and helping to launch \"Martin\", another Fox comedy that became a hit when it debuted in August 1992. \"The Simpsons\" returned to Sunday nights in the fall of 1994, and has remained there ever since. The sketch comedy series \"In Living Color\", which debuted in April 1990, created many memorable", "title": "Fox Broadcasting Company" }, { "id": "145199", "text": "to win an Emmy, while Cox is the only actor not to be nominated. The series won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 2002, receiving nominations in 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, and 2003. The series also won an American Comedy Award, one GLAAD Media Award, one Golden Globe Award, three Logie Awards, six People's Choice Awards, one Satellite Award, and one Screen Actors Guild Award. The table below shows the ratings of \"Friends\" in the United States, where it consistently ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings. \"Rank\" refers to how well \"Friends\"", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "9458285", "text": "Dinah! Dinah! is a daytime variety talk show that was hosted by singer and actress Dinah Shore. The show was the successor to Shore's previous variety effort, \"Dinah's Place\", which aired from 1970 until 1974 on NBC and was cancelled to make way for a network edition of the then-syndicated game show \"Name That Tune\". The series was distributed by 20th Century Fox Television and premiered on September 9, 1974 in syndication. In 1979 the show became known as Dinah and Friends and remained so until it ended its run in 1980. The show's announcer was Johnny Gilbert. Like other", "title": "Dinah!" }, { "id": "10027569", "text": "Edward and Friends Edward and Friends was a children's TV series in claymation from FilmFair that aired on British and Canadian television in 1987–1988. Each episode was 5-minutes in length and was based on LEGO's successful Fabuland theme that lasted for 10 years from 1979 to 1989. Edward Elephant was the main character in the show and the episodes were centred on him and his many friends including Bonnie Bunny and Max Mouse. It was Lego's first foray into animation and television in general. Bernard Cribbins provided the voice-over for the show. Written by Michael Cole with music by Mike", "title": "Edward and Friends" }, { "id": "14583090", "text": "Friends with Benefits (TV series) Friends with Benefits (stylized as friends ♥♥ith benefits) is an American romantic sitcom created by Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber that aired on NBC from August 5 to September 9, 2011. It was originally set to air on as a mid-season replacement during the 2010–11 television season, but was ultimately delayed until summer. The series ended after twelve episodes aired with the thirteenth being only available on iTunes, Amazon.com, and Netflix. The series follows a group of friends living in Chicago. It involves a very close friendship between two of the friends, who are", "title": "Friends with Benefits (TV series)" }, { "id": "19872739", "text": "2 in 1979 (the service, which was HBO's first attempt at a spin-off niche service (predating Cinemax's launch in August 1980), would shut down after only a few months on the air), and was followed by the 1981 launch of the Group W-owned Home Theater Network (which was the only premium channel that strictly competed with The Disney Channel for that demographic for much of the 1980s, until the 1987 launch of Festival). The Disney Channel launched nationally as a premium channel on April 18, 1983, at 7:00 a.m. Eastern Time. The first program ever aired on the channel was", "title": "History of Disney Channel" }, { "id": "15735995", "text": "Best Friends Forever (TV series) Best Friends Forever is an American sitcom series that ran on NBC from April 4, to June 1, 2012. The series aired during the 2011–12 NBC primetime season as a mid-season replacement and was created by real-life best friends Lennon Parham and Jessica St. Clair. The pilot episode was made available early through Hulu and NBC.com on March 21, 2012. NBC officially canceled the series on May 11, 2012. When Jessica's (Jessica St. Clair) husband files for divorce, she flies across the country to seek comfort and move back in with her best friend Lennon", "title": "Best Friends Forever (TV series)" }, { "id": "408027", "text": "his own name. The shorts became a part of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" on April 19, 1987. After three seasons, the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became Fox's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season (1989–90). Since its debut on December 17, 1989, episodes of \"The Simpsons\" have been broadcast. It is the longest-running American sitcom, and the longest-running American scripted primetime television series in terms of seasons and number of episodes. \"The Simpsons Movie\", a feature-length film, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27, 2007, and grossed over", "title": "The Simpsons" }, { "id": "13812368", "text": "All Time\" oldies radio format after being presented with over 200 episodes of \"The Donna Reed Show\". On July 1, 1985, Nickelodeon officially became a 24-hour service with the launch of the new nighttime block, Nick at Nite, in the 8:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. Eastern and Pacific time period. That same year, American Express sold its stake in Warner-Amex to Warner Communications, who in 1986 turned MTV Networks into a private company, and sold MTV, RTS, Nickelodeon, and the newly launched music video network VH1 to Viacom for $685 million, ending Warner's venture into children's television until they acquired", "title": "History of Nickelodeon" }, { "id": "16893248", "text": "run, several VHS tapes including episodes of the series were produced. Select \"Miffy and Friends\" episodes were included on themed DVD discs released in 2009. The series made its world premiere on ITV in the United Kingdom. It aired on Noggin (now Nick Jr.) in the United States, and later moved to PBS Kids. It also aired on Treehouse TV in Canada, and ABC Kids in Australia. Miffy and Friends Miffy and Friends is a Dutch stop-motion animated television series, based on the \"Miffy\" book series by Dutch artist Dick Bruna. It originally aired on KRO in the Netherlands, and", "title": "Miffy and Friends" }, { "id": "7964555", "text": "total viewers than other programs at CNN and MSNBC in the same time slot combined. In October 2017, Fox News Channel announced that the show will be expanded to two hours from 4am to 6am. The 4am hour would be anchored solely by Heather Childers, and Jillian Mele and Rob Schmitt would present the 5am hour. \"Fox & Friends First\" is broadcast from Studio J at 1211 Avenue of the Americas (also known as the News Corp. Building), New York City. On March 19, 2018, Fox and Friend's First has currently relocated to Studio D from its original location in", "title": "Fox & Friends First" }, { "id": "469711", "text": "tabloid newspaper. \"Friends\" is an American sitcom which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004. Friends received positive reviews throughout its run, and its series finale (\"The Last One\") ranked as the fifth most watched overall television series finale as well as the most watched single television episode of the 2000s on U.S. television. \"Frasier\", a spin-off TV series of \"Cheers\" (that ended in 1993), is an American sitcom that was broadcast on NBC for eleven seasons from September 16, 1993, to May 13, 2004 (only a week after the broadcast of the final episode of", "title": "2000s (decade)" }, { "id": "6846415", "text": "began regularly scheduled television broadcasts in New York on April 30, 1939, with a broadcast of the opening of the 1939 New York World's Fair. In 1937 RCA raised the frame definition to 441 lines, and its executives petitioned the FCC for approval of the standard. By June 1939, regularly scheduled 441-line electronic television broadcasts were available in New York City and Los Angeles, and by November on General Electric's station in Schenectady. From May through December 1939, the New York City NBC station (W2XBS) of RCA broadcast twenty to fifty-eight hours of programming per month, Wednesday through Sunday of", "title": "History of television" }, { "id": "2007224", "text": "Golden Globe Award during its original run. The show debuted on Mondays beginning on September 21, 1998, and steadily gained in popularity, culminating when it moved to Thursday night as part of NBC's Must See TV line-up. The show ultimately became a highly-rated television show in the United States, earning a top-twenty rating during four of its eight seasons, including one season at # 9. From 2001–2005, \"Will & Grace\" was the highest-rated sitcom among adults 18–49. However, when the show lost \"Friends\" as its lead-in after the 2003–04 season, \"Will & Grace\" began shedding viewers and slipped out of", "title": "Will & Grace" }, { "id": "145174", "text": "1993. At the same time, Warren Littlefield, the then-president of NBC Entertainment, was seeking a comedy involving young people living together and sharing expenses. Littlefield wanted the group to share memorable periods of their lives with friends, who had become \"new, surrogate family members.\" However, Littlefield found difficulty in bringing the concept to life and found the scripts developed by NBC to be terrible. When Kauffman, Crane and Bright pitched \"Insomnia Cafe\", Littlefield was impressed that they knew who their characters were. NBC bought the idea as a put pilot, meaning they risked financial penalties if the pilot was not", "title": "Friends" }, { "id": "19793723", "text": "Studios to take legal action against Aurora World over the contractual rights of the series. Aurora World ended up breaking the deal with Toonzone and licensed its franchise to its new distributor, Lawless Entertainment, in June 2014. \"YooHoo & Friends\" debuted on Cartoon Network's Movimiento/Movimento Cartoon block in Latin America on January 8, 2012, and later on Boomerang. The series also premiered on ABC Me in Australia on February 15, and on Pop in the United Kingdom in the same year. The series' distributor, Moonscoop US, originally planned for the show to air on French and German-speaking territories across Europe,", "title": "YooHoo & Friends (2012 TV series)" }, { "id": "6820560", "text": "beginning of the weekday show, but branded as a separate show called \"Fox & Friends First\". It was the first Fox News show to air live for the day, starting at 6:00 a.m. It was discontinued on July 13, 2008 and replaced with an additional hour of \"Fox & Friends\" The \"Fox & Friends First\" title was reintroduced on March 5, 2012, also as a separate show airing one hour before the main three-hour program, but using a separate slate of rotating anchors. \"Fox & Friends\" has been described as being more akin to swallowing than spitting by the Big", "title": "Fox & Friends" }, { "id": "11493591", "text": "\"Staunch member of the Justice League of America.\" This first run of \"Super Friends\", consisting of sixteen one-hour episodes that were rerun several times, concluded on August 24, 1974. At this point, the series was cancelled and did not appear on the fall lineup for 1974. Warner Home Video (via Hanna-Barbera Productions, DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Family Entertainment) released \"Super Friends! - Season One, Volume One\" on DVD in Region 1 on January 5, 2010. Volume One was a 2 disc set of the first eight episodes of the series at a retail price of $26.99. the Season One,", "title": "Super Friends (1973 TV series)" }, { "id": "1458072", "text": "Executive producer Kevin S. Bright said that he had previously worked with Schwimmer, the character of Ross was written with him in mind, and he was the first actor cast. The show debuted on September 22, 1994, and was watched by almost 22 million American viewers. \"Friends\" quickly developed a loyal audience, with the show and Schwimmer receiving strong reviews. The \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\" was complimentary of Schwimmer, calling him \"terrific\". \"Variety\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s television reviewer, said: \"All six of the principals, especially (Courteney) Cox and Schwimmer, appear resourceful and display sharp sitcom skills\". For this performance, he earned a Primetime Emmy Award", "title": "David Schwimmer" }, { "id": "16971312", "text": "You've Got a Friend (TV program) You've Got A Friend was a 2004 reality comedy program on MTV, produced by Ashton Kutcher and Jason Goldberg. It was launched near the same time as their reality prank show Punk'd, and although successful in ratings, was cancelled at the end of the first season so they could focus on its more popular counterpart. The program filmed contestants having to tolerate a 'friend' for 48 hours, while filmed on hidden camera in their home and different public settings. The 'friend' would be a trained improvisational comedian, who would progressively torment the contestant, their", "title": "You've Got a Friend (TV program)" }, { "id": "3440289", "text": "would eventually become popular staples of the show. Several months before \"Friends\" premiered, NBC had conducted a research report, the results of which determined that Monica was the only character to have been remotely well received by test audiences. When \"Friends\" first aired, critics initially perceived Monica – who was immediately established as the show's \"mother hen\" – and Cox as the series' main character and star, respectively. Critics have been largely receptive towards both Cox and her character; the \"Los Angeles Times\" holds Cox's acting responsible for disproving the stigma that attractive women are incapable of delivering comedic performances.", "title": "Monica Geller" }, { "id": "13812361", "text": "service, the network ran interstitials between programs, consisting of a male mime doing tricks in front of a black background. At the time of its launch, Nickelodeon's programming aired for thirteen hours each weekday from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. and for fourteen hours on weekends from 8:00 a.m. to midnight Eastern and Pacific Time. Premium cable network Star Channel (which later relaunched as The Movie Channel in November 1979) would take over the channel space after Nickelodeon's broadcast day ended. New shows were added to the lineup in 1980, including \"Dusty's Treehouse\", \"First Row Features\", \"Special Delivery\", \"What Will", "title": "History of Nickelodeon" }, { "id": "11551010", "text": "Super Friends (1980 TV series) Super Friends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes which ran from 1980 to 1982 on ABC. It was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and is based on the Justice League and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics. It was the fifth incarnation of the \"Super Friends\" series following \"Super Friends\" (1973), \"The All-New Super Friends Hour\" (1977), \"Challenge of the Super Friends\" (1978) and \"The World's Greatest Super Friends\" (1979). With \"Super Friends\", the series abandoned the production of half-hour episodes (which was the case for the previous two", "title": "Super Friends (1980 TV series)" }, { "id": "13812357", "text": "History of Nickelodeon Nickelodeon is an American basic cable and satellite television network that is part of the Nickelodeon Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom, which focuses on programs aimed at children and teenagers; it has since expanded to include three spin-off digital cable and satellite networks in the United States, and international channels in six continents. Nickelodeon's history dates back to December 1, 1977, when QUBE, the first two-way major market interactive cable television system was launched in Columbus, Ohio by Warner Cable, the parent company of Dimension Pictures. One of the ten \"community\"", "title": "History of Nickelodeon" }, { "id": "11926076", "text": "since its founding, left due to creative disagreements with Jamie Kellner, then-head of Turner Broadcasting. On August 22, Jim Samples was appointed general manager and Executive Vice President of the network, replacing Cohen. Adult Swim debuted on September 2, with an episode of \"Home Movies\"; the block initially aired on Sunday nights, with a repeat telecast on Thursdays. The initial lineup consisted of \"\", \"Sealab 2021\", \"The Brak Show\", \"Aqua Teen Hunger Force\", and \"Space Ghost Coast to Coast\". In 2002, \"Whatever Happened to... Robot Jones?\" and \"\" premiered; the former was short-lived, but the latter became a juggernaut for", "title": "Cartoon Network" }, { "id": "3556325", "text": "makeup and hair stylists and production assistants. Episode production was nearly $2 million per episode. The show premiered on March 29, 1996 at 10:00pm on CBS. The show was produced by the Don Johnson Company and Carlton Cuse Productions in association with Rysher Entertainment for the first 4 seasons. In 1999, Paramount Network Television took over Rysher's spot after acquiring that company. The show used three different theme songs during its initial run. Season 1 used a primarily instrumental piece. Seasons 2–5 used a musical piece most well known by the lyrics \"I got a friend in you to lead", "title": "Nash Bridges" }, { "id": "3248258", "text": "particularly the scene where Ross greets Rachel and opens an umbrella on her. The episode was syndicated for the first time on September 21, 1998. Several deleted scenes were restored to the episode, bringing its total running time to 37 minutes, for a one-hour timeslot. It gained a rating of 5.8/10, averaged across 40 stations. This made \"Friends\" the third-highest-rated off-network syndicated sitcom to air at that time, behind \"Home Improvement\" and \"Seinfeld\". Video Books The Pilot (Friends) The Pilot, also known as \"The One Where It All Began\", \"The One Where Monica Gets a Roommate\" and “The First One”,", "title": "The Pilot (Friends)" } ]

[ "Uhuru Kenyatta" ]

[ { "id": "2383821", "text": "President of Kenya The President of the Republic of Kenya () is the head of state and head of government of Kenya. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Kenya and is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces. The official residence of the president is at State House, Nairobi. The wife of the President is referred to as the First Lady of Kenya. The President is elected by popular vote in the general election held during August every 5 years. For the first time in the history of any African country, the 2017 general election was", "title": "President of Kenya" }, { "id": "19614177", "text": "invitations of several world leaders to his inauguration, including: former US President Barack Obama; German Chancellor Angela Merkel; British Prime Minister Theresa May; Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi; Chinese President Xi Jinping; Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf; Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari; Rwandan President Paul Kagame; Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni; Tanzanian President John Magufuli; South African President Jacob Zuma; His Royal Highness Aga Khan IV; and Nigerian billionaire tycoon Aliko Dangote. On 13 August, police said a total of 16 people have been killed in recent protests. It was announced on 13 August that the new Parliament would be sworn in", "title": "2017 Kenyan general election" }, { "id": "2925098", "text": "Uhuru Kenyatta Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (born 26 October 1961) is a Kenyan politician and businessman who is the fourth and current President of the Republic of Kenya. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gatundu South from 2002 to 2013. Currently the party leader and a member of the Jubilee Party of Kenya, he was previously involved with The National Alliance and before that the Kenya African National Union. He is the son of Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya's first President, and his fourth wife Mama Ngina Kenyatta. Uhuru was re-elected for a second term in the August 2017 general", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "17218513", "text": "Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta The Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta began on 9 April 2013 after being sworn in as 4th president of Kenya. He succeeded Mwai Kibaki. During his inaugural speech Uhuru promised economic transformation through vision 2030 , unity among all Kenyans, free maternal care and that he would serve all Kenyans. When the first round of the presidential election took place on 4 March 2013, Uhuru Kenyatta was declared the president-elect of Kenya by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission. Raila Odinga challenged this in the Supreme Court of Kenya. However, his petition was dismissed on March 30,", "title": "Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "2383822", "text": "annulled. For the election of the President to be determined valid, they must have President of Kenya The President of the Republic of Kenya () is the head of state and head of government of Kenya. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Kenya and is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces. The official residence of the president is at State House, Nairobi. The wife of the President is referred to as the First Lady of Kenya. The President is elected by popular vote in the general election held during August every 5 years. For the", "title": "President of Kenya" }, { "id": "2925143", "text": "made every other commodity highly unaffordable for most Kenyans. Uhuru Kenyatta Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (born 26 October 1961) is a Kenyan politician and businessman who is the fourth and current President of the Republic of Kenya. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Gatundu South from 2002 to 2013. Currently the party leader and a member of the Jubilee Party of Kenya, he was previously involved with The National Alliance and before that the Kenya African National Union. He is the son of Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya's first President, and his fourth wife Mama Ngina Kenyatta. Uhuru was re-elected", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "17226925", "text": "Johnstone. He again later changed his name to Jomo in 1938. He adopted the name of Jomo Kenyatta taking his first name from the Kikuyu word for \"burning spear\" and his last name from the masai word for the bead belt that he often wore. His son Uhuru Kenyatta, who he fathered late in life, is the current and fourth President of Kenya. In 1919, Jomo Kenyatta met and married his first wife Grace Wahu, according to Kikuyu tradition. When it became apparent that Grace was pregnant, his church elders ordered him to get married before a European magistrate, and", "title": "Kenyatta family" }, { "id": "2925111", "text": "In 2013, Uhuru Kenyatta was elected as the 4th and current president of Kenya under The National Alliance (TNA), which was part of the \"Jubilee Alliance\" with his running mate William Ruto's United Republican Party (URP). Uhuru and Ruto won 50.07% of votes cast, with closest rivals, Raila Odinga and running mate Kalonzo Musyoka of the Coalition for Reforms and Democracy garnering 42%. Raila Amolo Odinga disputed the election results at the Supreme Court which however held (7–0) that the election of Uhuru was valid and such irregularities as existed did not make a difference to the final outcome. Uhuru", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "12675547", "text": "The Executive is charged with enforcing the law. The executive branch consists of the President, the Deputy President and the Cabinet. Cabinet meetings are held with the Attorney General present. The President is the head of state and government, as in most republics. He is also the Commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence Forces. The President has the power to appoint every leader within the executive including Cabinet Secretaries and the Attorney General. The incumbent is Uhuru Kenyatta son of the first President, Jomo Kenyatta. Kenya has had a total of 4 presidents. Two of the former Presidents, Mwai Kibaki and", "title": "Government of Kenya" }, { "id": "17157163", "text": "presidential election took place on 4 March 2013, Uhuru Kenyatta was declared the president-elect of Kenya by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission. Raila Odinga challenged this in the Supreme Court of Kenya. However, his petition was dismissed on March 30, 2013. Uhuru swearing will be 7th in Kenya after Jomo Kenyatta (1964), Daniel Arap Moi (1978, 1992, 1997) and Mwai Kibaki (2002, 2007) No activities will take place at the Kasarani Stadium between 9 March and the inauguration date as security officers make the necessary arrangements. More than 100,000 people are expected to attend the ceremony along with foreign", "title": "Inauguration of Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "17218518", "text": "Xi Jinping, with a delegate of 60 businessmen and 5 Governors. On his way back he briefly stopped over in Dubai, United Arab Emirates where the President further discussed on promoting Kenya’s trade agenda. Francis Kimemia as Secretary to the cabinet Lawrence Lenayapa as Statehouse Comptroller Kaplana Rawal as Deputity Chief Justice of Kenya Manoah Esipisu as secretary of communication and head Presidential Strategic Communications Unit (PSCU). He will be assisted by Eric N'Geno, Edward Irungu, Munyoku Boru, James Kinyua, Dennis Itumbi William Ruto Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta The Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta began on 9 April 2013 after being", "title": "Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "19614166", "text": "2017 Kenyan general election General elections were held in Kenya on 8 August 2017 to elect the President, members of Parliament and devolved governments. The reported results indicated that incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta was re-elected with 54% of the vote. His main opponent, Raila Odinga, refused to accept the results and contested them in the Supreme Court. The results of the presidential election were subsequently annulled and fresh elections were ordered to be held within 60 days. It was later announced that a new election would be held on October 17. However, the results of the parliamentary and local elections", "title": "2017 Kenyan general election" }, { "id": "16991950", "text": "Chief Justice is named. Where the Deputy Chief Justice position is also vacant, the senior-most Associate Justice of the Supreme Court will act as the President of the Supreme Court until a Chief Justice is named. An example of this occurred in 2016, when the senior Associate Justice Mohamed Ibrahim acted as the President of the Supreme Court following the early retirement of Chief Justice Willy Mutunga who turned 69 in June 2016, and the retirement of Deputy Chief Justice Kalpana Rawal who turned 70 in January 2016. The Chief Justice performs a wide range of judicial, administrative and ceremonial", "title": "Chief Justice of Kenya" }, { "id": "2925112", "text": "Kenyatta was therefore sworn in as President on 9 April 2013. Uhuru ran for president in the elections held on 4 March 2013 and garnered 6,173,433 votes (50.03%) out of the 12,338,667 votes cast. As this was above the 50% plus 1 vote threshold, he won the election in the first round thus evading a run-off between the top two candidates. He was, therefore, declared the fourth President of the Republic of Kenya by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC). According to the IEBC, Raila Odinga garnered 5,340,546 votes (43.4%) and was thus the second in the field of", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "2925133", "text": "holiday celebrated to the country's independence on 1 June, President Uhuru Kenyatta announced free maternal care in all public health facilities, a move that was welcomed by many Kenyans. On 1 September 2017, the Supreme Court of Kenya nullified the re-election of Uhuru Kenyatta after the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) had announced him the winner on 8 August 2017. He was sworn in on 28 November 2017 for his second presidential term. His major challenges include the high cost of living, rising public debt, a high public wage bill and allegations of corruption among people close to his", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "20322666", "text": "October 2017 Kenyan presidential election Fresh Presidential elections were held in Kenya on 26 October 2017 following the Supreme Court's annulment of the results of the presidential vote in the August 2017 general elections. General elections were held in Kenya on 8 August 2017. Incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta was declared the winner of the presidential contest with 54.17% of the vote, whilst his main rival Raila Odinga finished second with 44.94% of the vote. The opposition claimed that it had won and that the government had rigged the elections. The opposition appealed to the Supreme Court. Citing a breach of", "title": "October 2017 Kenyan presidential election" }, { "id": "1414985", "text": "Daniel arap Moi Daniel Toroitich arap Moi ( ) (born 2 September 1924) is a former Kenyan politician who served as the second President of Kenya from 1978 to 2002. Through popular agitation and external pressures, he was forced to allow multiparty elections in 1991; he led his party, KANU, to victory in the 1992 and 1997 elections. Prior to becoming President, he served as the third Vice President of Kenya from 1967 to 1978. Moi is popularly known to Kenyans as \"Nyayo\", a Swahili word for \"footsteps\", as he often said he was following in the footsteps of the", "title": "Daniel arap Moi" }, { "id": "5922039", "text": "William Ruto William Samoei Arap Ruto (born 21 December 1966) is a Kenyan politician who has been Deputy President of Kenya since 2013. He served as the Acting President of Kenya between 5 and 8 October 2014 while President Uhuru Kenyatta was away at the Hague. He previously served in various ministerial positions including the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Higher Education. He was Secretary General of KANU, the former ruling political party, and MP for Eldoret North Constituency between December 1997 and January 2013. He won the seat in the 1997 Kenyan election after defeating Reuben Chesire. He", "title": "William Ruto" }, { "id": "5922045", "text": "member of parliament. He joined with Uhuru Kenyatta to form the Jubilee alliance for the 2013 presidential election. On 6 October 2014 Ruto was appointed acting president of Kenya by President Uhuru Kenyatta following his summons to appear before the ICC. It is believed he will succeed Kenyatta and run for the party presidency in 2022. In December 2010, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court announced that he was seeking summonses of six people, including Ruto over their involvement in the 2007-8 electoral violence. The ICC's Pre-Trial Chamber subsequently issued a summons for Ruto at the prosecutor's request. Ruto", "title": "William Ruto" }, { "id": "2925100", "text": "Uhuru is the son of Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya's founding father and the first president of the republic of Kenya (in office 1964–1978), with his fourth wife, Mama Ngina Kenyatta. His family hails from the Kikuyu, a Bantu ethnic group. His given name \"Uhuru\" is from the Swahili term for \"freedom\", and was given to him in anticipation of Kenya's upcoming independence. Uhuru attended St Mary's School in Nairobi. Between 1979 and 1980, he also briefly worked as a teller at the Kenya Commercial Bank. After St. Mary's school, Uhuru went on to study economics, political science and government at Amherst", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "2925113", "text": "eight candidates. CORD, under the leadership of presidential candidate Raila Odinga, lodged a petition with the Supreme Court of Kenya on 10 March 2013 challenging Uhuru’s election. On 30 March 2013, Dr Willy Mutunga, the Chief Justice of Kenya, read the unanimous Supreme Court ruling declaring the election of Uhuru Kenyatta and his running-mate, William Ruto, as valid. On 11 August 2017, the Chairman of the IEBC, Wafula Chebukati announced Uhuru's reelection to a second term in office during the 2017 Kenyan general election, with 54% of the popular vote. This was later contested in court and annulled. In the", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "17226924", "text": "Kenyatta family The Kenyatta family is the family of Jomo Kenyatta, the first President of Kenya and a prominent independence leader. Born into the dominant Kikuyu culture, Kenyatta became its most famous interpreter of Kikuyu traditions through his book \"Facing Mount Kenya\". Born Kamau Wa Ngengi at Ng'enda village, Gatundu Division, Kiambu to Muigai and Wambui, Jomo Kenyatta served as the first Prime Minister (1963–1964) and President (1964–1978) of Kenya. His date of birth, sometime in the early to mid 1890s, is unclear. In 1914, he was baptized a Christian and given the name John Peter which he changed to", "title": "Kenyatta family" }, { "id": "5922053", "text": "under control. William Ruto William Samoei Arap Ruto (born 21 December 1966) is a Kenyan politician who has been Deputy President of Kenya since 2013. He served as the Acting President of Kenya between 5 and 8 October 2014 while President Uhuru Kenyatta was away at the Hague. He previously served in various ministerial positions including the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Higher Education. He was Secretary General of KANU, the former ruling political party, and MP for Eldoret North Constituency between December 1997 and January 2013. He won the seat in the 1997 Kenyan election after defeating Reuben", "title": "William Ruto" }, { "id": "19750067", "text": "by President Uhuru Kenyatta on 19 October 2016, when he took the oath of office as the 14th Chief Justice of independent Kenya and the second Chief Justice in Kenya's new constitutional dispensation. He took over the reins as President of the Supreme Court from Dr Willy Mutunga, who retired after the expiry of his term. He is expected to retire on 12 January 2021 upon the attainment of 70 years as stipulated in the Kenyan constitution. Chief Justice David Maraga, and three other judges made history by cancelling the 2017 presidential election because of hacking. President Kenyatta was in", "title": "David Maraga" }, { "id": "1415005", "text": "1974, before his presidency. Lena died in 2004. Daniel arap Moi has eight children, five sons and three daughters. Among the children are Gideon Moi (Senator , Baringo County), Jonathan Toroitich (a former rally driver) and Philip Moi (a retired army officer). His older and only brother William Tuitoek died in 1995. He is a member of the Africa Inland Mission Church. Moi High School Kabarak(Nakuru) Moi Girls Eldoret Moi Forces High School Daniel arap Moi Daniel Toroitich arap Moi ( ) (born 2 September 1924) is a former Kenyan politician who served as the second President of Kenya from", "title": "Daniel arap Moi" }, { "id": "20322668", "text": "people of Kenya and by extension the people of the continent of Africa.\" The President of Kenya is elected using a modified version of the two-round system: to win in the first round, a candidate must receive over 50% of the vote nationally and 25% of the vote in at least 24 of Kenya's 47 counties. In early October Odinga announced that he was withdrawing from the election. Following his withdrawal from the presidential race, there has been heated debate among lawyers as to the legality of IEBC continuing with the elections. Proponents of the elections argue that the court", "title": "October 2017 Kenyan presidential election" }, { "id": "15796844", "text": "of 2009 the award has been bestowed on 198 people since Kenyan independence. Recipients of this award include Yoweri Museveni the President of Uganda, and Aga Khan IV. The President of Kenya holds the position of Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya, the incumbent is Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta. On 20 April 2017, President Uhuru Kenyatta awarded the Elder of the Order of the Golden Heart to Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin. Orders, decorations, and medals of Kenya Orders, decorations, and medals of Kenya are awarded by the President of Kenya \"in recognition of outstanding or distinguished services rendered", "title": "Orders, decorations, and medals of Kenya" }, { "id": "19614168", "text": "possible presidential runoff vote may interfere with the national examinations calendar of October and December. Opponents of the election date change have argued for protecting the constitutional provision and that any change would be mired by legal challenges and might drag on to the next elections and still require a referendum to decide, putting the country's stability at risk. On 7 August 2017, one day before the election, Barack Obama, who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017 and whose father, Barack Obama Sr., was Kenyan, called for calm and acceptance of the election", "title": "2017 Kenyan general election" }, { "id": "19614185", "text": "a statement to the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) Keriako Tobik saying calling for the prosecution of the following IEBC officials: CEO Ezra Chiloba, Chairman Wafula Chebukati, Betty Nyabuto, Immaculate Kassait, James Muhati, Praxedes Tororey (who has since retired), Moses Kipkogei, Abdi Guliye, Molu Boya and Marjan Marjan. The letter also stated “unless investigation leading into criminal charges and prosecution is commenced within 72 hours [by] this office, our instructions are to institute private prosecutions pursuant to Section 28 of the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions [Act].\" On 10 October, Odinga quit the second election, citing problems with", "title": "2017 Kenyan general election" }, { "id": "19084828", "text": "Dr. Njoroge Mungai died on August 14, 2014 at Nairobi Hospital at the age of 88. At his funeral, Kenya's President Uhuru Kenyatta was a pall bearer of his casket in his honour. It is the first and only time a sitting President of Kenya was a pall bearer. Njoroge Mungai Magana Njoroge Mungai, M.D. EGH (January 7, 1926 – August 16, 2014) was a Kenyan Cabinet Minister, Member of Parliament, doctor, businessman, farmer, politician, nationalist and one of the founding fathers of the Republic of Kenya. Njoroge Mungai was born in Gichungo village, in Kiambu in colonial Kenya. His", "title": "Njoroge Mungai" }, { "id": "2925131", "text": "the Africa Centre for Open Governance (AFRICOG). Uhuru Kenyatta and his running mate were respondents in these cases and were represented by Fred Ngatia and Katwa Kigen respectively. The Supreme court judges unanimously upheld the election of Uhuru Kenyatta as Kenya’s fourth president after rejecting Raila Odinga's petition in a verdict delivered on Saturday 30 March 2013. Chief Justice Willy Mutunga in his ruling said the elections were indeed conducted in compliance with the Constitution and the law. After the Supreme Court dismissed the petitions the swearing in ceremony was held on 9 April 2013 at the Moi International Sports", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "20855080", "text": "Nana Gecaga Nana Gecaga (born 1978), is a Kenyan businesswoman and corporate executive, who serves as the Chief Executive Officer of the Kenyatta International Conference Centre, a building owned by the government of Kenya, which hosts conferences, concerts and exhibitions. She was born in Kenya in March 1978 to Jeni Wambui, a daughter to Jomo Kenyatta, the first president of Kenya (1964–1978). Nana is a niece to Uhuru Kenyatta, the current president of Kenya (2013–present). She holds a Bachelor's Degree in Marketing obtained from the American InterContinental University in London, United Kingdom. The London campus of American InterContinental University was", "title": "Nana Gecaga" }, { "id": "16991297", "text": "The following are the current members of the Supreme Court: The first round of the presidential election took place on March 4, 2013. Uhuru Kenyatta was declared the president-elect of Kenya by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC). Raila Odinga challenged this in the Supreme Court due to several technicalities, including discrepancies in voter numbers as reported by the IEBC, and the failure of biometric voter registration kits; it was ultimately dismissed on March 30, 2013. At the end of the petition, the Supreme Court declined to nullify the election and affirmed the victory of Uhuru Kenyatta. The 2017", "title": "Supreme Court of Kenya" }, { "id": "2925142", "text": "also ranked the presidency as the second most trusted institution after the media. After his appearance at The Hague for his ICC case in October 2014, his poll ratings improved to 71%, according to a poll by Synovate. A poll by Gallup in August 2014 put his approval ratings at 78%, giving him the third best job approval ratings among African Presidents after Ian Khama of Botswana and Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta of Mali. However, going into 2018 after the 2017 elections most Kenyans were not happy with the policies the government was implementing. They included high fuel taxes that practically", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "17156772", "text": "Margaret Kenyatta Margaret Gakuo Kenyatta (born 8 April 1964) is the First Lady of Kenya, due to her marriage to Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta, 4th President of Kenya. She assumed office after the inauguration of her husband on April 9, 2013, at Kasarani, succeeding the late former first lady Lucy Kibaki. Kenyatta is thought by many as being instrumental during the presidential campaign, and was seen by her husband's side throughout. Public opinion of her in Kenya tends to focus positively on the simplicity of her fashion and temperament, and negatively on her perceived timidity. Since the inauguration of her husband,", "title": "Margaret Kenyatta" }, { "id": "15102734", "text": "Muhammad Kenyatta Muhammad I. Kenyatta, born Donald Brooks Jackson (March 3, 1944 – January 6, 1992), was an American professor, civil rights leader and international human rights advocate. Jackson changed his name in the early 1970s to Muhammad Kenyatta to honor Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Nation of Islam and Jomo Kenyatta, the first president of Kenya. In the 1960s, he worked for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, which challenged the denial of voting rights to African-Americans in Mississippi. In 1969 he was elected national Vice-President of the Black Economic Development Conference and President of the Greater Philadelphia branch of", "title": "Muhammad Kenyatta" }, { "id": "1566839", "text": "with the signature of the Arusha Memorandum in October 1967, but relative insecurity prevailed through 1969. To discourage further invasions, Kenya signed a defence pact with Ethiopia in 1969, which is still in effect. On 12 December 1964 the Republic of Kenya was proclaimed, and Jomo Kenyatta became Kenya's first president. At Kenyatta's death in 1978, Daniel arap Moi became President. Daniel arap Moi retained the Presidency, being unopposed in elections held in 1979, 1983 (snap elections) and 1988, all of which were held under the single party constitution. The 1983 elections were held a year early, and were a", "title": "Kenya" }, { "id": "1467516", "text": "Jomo Kenyatta Jomo Kenyatta ( – 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. He was the country's first indigenous head of government and played a significant role in the transformation of Kenya from a colony of the British Empire into an independent republic. Ideologically an African nationalist and conservative, he led the Kenya African National Union (KANU) party from 1961 until his death. Kenyatta was born to Kikuyu farmers in Kiambu, British East", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "id": "2925099", "text": "election, winning 54% of the popular vote. The win was formally declared on national television by the Chairman of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission Wafula Chebukati. However, Uhuru's election was successfully challenged in the Supreme Court of Kenya by his main competitor, Raila Odinga. On 1 September 2017, the court declared the election invalid and ordered a new presidential election to take place within 60 days from the day of the ruling. A new presidential election was held on 26 October, which he won, with 39% participation due to voter fatigue, voter apathy and being boycotted by the opposition.", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "12675549", "text": "to the Senate and if at least two-thirds of all the members of the Senate vote to uphold any impeachment charge, the President shall cease to hold office. The Deputy President is the second-highest executive office in the republic. The position before the 2013 general election was known as the Vice-President of Kenya. There have been 11 deputy presidents since independence. The incumbent is William Ruto who as Uhuru Kenyatta is part of the Jubilee Alliance. The first person to hold the position was Jaramogi Oginga Odinga. The 8th person to hold the office, Michael Kijana Wamalwa was the first", "title": "Government of Kenya" }, { "id": "222447", "text": "President, as his successor. A rainbow coalition of opposition parties routed the ruling KANU party, and its leader, Moi's former vice-president Mwai Kibaki, was elected President by a large majority. On 27 December 2002, by 62% the voters overwhelmingly elected members of the National Rainbow Coalition (NaRC) to parliament and NaRC candidate Mwai Kibaki (b. 1931) to the presidency. Voters rejected the Kenya African National Union's (KANU) presidential candidate, Uhuru Kenyatta, the handpicked candidate of outgoing president Moi. International and local observers reported the 2002 elections to be generally more fair and less violent than those of both 1992 and", "title": "History of Kenya" }, { "id": "19614189", "text": "polls. NASA defended its withdrawal in the second polls through its Chief Principal Raila Odinga. NASA Co- Principal has maintained that the election was a 'sham' and IEBC was at all not independent as its decisions were solmenly made by foreign organs acting as relations officers to the public and the Jubilee Administration. Despite challenges to his second victory, Kenyatta was officially sworn in for a second and final term on November 28. 2017 Kenyan general election General elections were held in Kenya on 8 August 2017 to elect the President, members of Parliament and devolved governments. The reported results", "title": "2017 Kenyan general election" }, { "id": "19614174", "text": "or local level and urged all sides to accept the result. The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) declared incumbents Uhuru Kenyatta and William Ruto as president-elect and deputy president-elect respectively on the evening of 11 August 2017. The National Super Alliance disputed the results. Three women, Uasin Gishu's Margaret Kamar, Susan Kihika of Nakuru and Fatuma Dullo of Isiolo became the first women in Kenya's history to be elected to the Senate rather than appointed. Kihika was also elected Senate Majority Whip on 31 August. Three women were elected as governors for the first time for their respective counties", "title": "2017 Kenyan general election" }, { "id": "9048687", "text": "It reported that Moi was worth US$550 million. Gideon Moi Gideon Moi (born 22 October 1963) is a Kenyan politician who has served in the Senate of Kenya, representing Baringo County, since 2013. He was elected with a landslide win of over 80%, trouncing his opponent Jackson Kosgei. He is also the Chairman of the Kenya African National Union (KANU), which for decades was the ruling party in Kenya. He is the youngest son of Kenya's second president, Daniel arap Moi, and Lena Moi. Moi is married to Zahra, with whom he has three children: Kimoi, Kigen and Lulu. Moi", "title": "Gideon Moi" }, { "id": "6242954", "text": "March 2013 and garnered 5,340,546 votes (43.70%) out of the 12,221,053 valid votes cast. The winner, Uhuru Kenyatta garnered 6,173,433 votes (50.51%). As this was above the 50% plus 1 vote threshold, Uhuru won it on the first round without requiring a run-off between the top two candidates. The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) therefore officially declared Uhuru Kenyatta the president elect on Saturday 9 March at 2:44pm. Uhuru was set to take office as Kenya's 4th president. However, Raila Odinga in a press conference shortly after the results were announced noted that the election had been marred by", "title": "Raila Odinga" }, { "id": "8343700", "text": "known as \"Jeni\", born May 1963) and Muhoho Kenyatta (born 1965). Her son Uhuru, the senior Kenyatta's political heir, unsuccessfully ran for president as President Moi's preferred successor in 2002 and is today the Kenyan fourth President. Muhoho Kenyatta runs the family's vast business but lives out of the public limelight. During Jomo Kenyatta's exile at Lodwar and Maralal, Ngina stayed with him, as did their daughters, Jane and Wamboi. Mama Ngina is step-mother to Kenyatta's other three children, two by his first wife and one by the second. Monsignor George Muhoho, Roman Catholic chaplain at University of Nairobi, is", "title": "Ngina Kenyatta" }, { "id": "2925121", "text": "that he was going to The Hague in a personal capacity — not as president of the country — so as not to compromise the sovereignty of Kenyans. Kenyatta did not speak in court, but denied the charges in comments to journalists as he left the court to catch a flight back home. \"We as Kenyans, we know where we came from, we know where we are going, and nobody will tell us what to do,\" he said. The judges adjourned the hearings and charges were dropped on 13 March 2015. On 20 May 2012, Uhuru Kenyatta attended the elaborately", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "16991952", "text": "Judiciary, although the Chief Registrar of the Judiciary is responsible for oversight over administrative matters. The Chief Justice also presides over the swearing-in of the President, the Deputy President and many other government officials. He also ceremoniously administers the oath that newly qualified lawyers take as they are admitted to the Roll of Advocates. Source: Chief Justice of Kenya The Chief Justice of Kenya is the head of the Judiciary of Kenya and President of the Supreme Court of Kenya and is an office established under Article 161 of the Kenyan Constitution. He or she is assisted by the Deputy", "title": "Chief Justice of Kenya" }, { "id": "12675545", "text": "The government was formed in 1963. However, Kenya didn't become a republic until 1964. Initially, the head of government was the Prime Minister who was Jomo Kenyatta. He later on became the President of Kenya. The current structure of government allows power to be held on two levels: the national level and the county level. This allows the Counties of Kenya a form of autonomy. Before the 2013 elections Kenya was under a central government with 8 provinces. The country is a representative democracy legislatively, and a direct democracy in the election of its president, who is leader of the", "title": "Government of Kenya" }, { "id": "16991946", "text": "Chief Justice of Kenya The Chief Justice of Kenya is the head of the Judiciary of Kenya and President of the Supreme Court of Kenya and is an office established under Article 161 of the Kenyan Constitution. He or she is assisted by the Deputy Chief Justice who is also the Deputy President of the Supreme Court. The current Chief Justice is David Maraga. Before the enactment of the Constitution of Kenya 2010, the President appointed the Chief Justice without any interview process or parliamentary approval. The Chief Justice did not enjoy security of tenure, and could be dismissed at", "title": "Chief Justice of Kenya" }, { "id": "17226929", "text": "Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (born 1961), Anna Nyokabi Muthama Kenyatta (born May 1963) Muhoho Kenyatta (born 1965). Mama Ngina lives quietly as a wealthy widow in Kenya. Uhuru Kenyatta unsuccessfully vied for the Kenyan presidency as President Moi's preferred successor in 2002. He served as Minister of Local Government and Minister of Finance, and in 2013 he was elected as President and later on re-elected in 2017. Muhoho Kenyatta runs his mother's vast family business but lives out of the public limelight. Kenyatta was the uncle of Ngethe Njoroge, Kenya's first representative to the United Nations and the great uncle of", "title": "Kenyatta family" }, { "id": "1416207", "text": "and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kenya. At his inauguration, he stressed his opposition to government corruption, saying: \"Government will no longer be run on the whims of individuals.\" Thus ended four decades of KANU rule, KANU having hitherto ruled Kenya since independence. Kenya's 2nd President, Daniel Arap Moi, who had been in power for 24 years since 1978 as an African Big man President, also began his retirement. President Kibaki's style was that of a low key publicity averse but highly intelligent and competent technocrat. He, unlike his predecessors, never tried to establish", "title": "Mwai Kibaki" }, { "id": "2925128", "text": "A Jubilee Party vice president admitted on 20 March 2018, that the party had hired an affiliate of Cambridge Analytica for \"branding\" in the 2017 election. Uhuru Kenyatta was officially declared the president elect on Saturday 9 March at 2:44pm. As per the IEBC's official results, Uhuru got 6,173,433 of the 12,221,053 valid votes cast ahead of the second placed Raila Odinga who garnered 5,340,546 (43.7%). Uhuru's result was 50.51% of the vote and was above the 50% plus 1 vote threshold set out in the 2010 constitution, thus making him the president-elect. There was some discontent with the official", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "6561190", "text": "<br> Prime Minister of Kenya The Prime Minister of Kenya was a post in the Kenyan government. The first Prime Minister of Kenya was Jomo Kenyatta who became Prime Minister in 1963. In 1964, Kenya became a Republic; the post of Prime Minister was abolished and Jomo Kenyatta assumed the position of President. Following a power-sharing agreement in February 2008, the post of Prime Minister was recreated that April. The position was again abolished by the 2010 Constitution after the 2013 elections. The last Prime Minister, Raila Odinga, was sworn in on April 17, 2008. He was Kenya's second Prime", "title": "Prime Minister of Kenya" }, { "id": "1566853", "text": "Xi Jinping after a stop in Russia and not having visited the United States as president. In July 2015 Obama visited Kenya, the first American president to visit the country while in office. The Kenya Defence Forces are the armed forces of the Republic of Kenya. The Kenya Army, Kenya Navy and Kenya Air Force compose the National Defence Forces. The current Kenya Defence Forces were established, and its composition laid out, in Article 241 of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya; the KDF is governed by the Kenya Defence Forces Act of 2012. The President of Kenya is the commander-in-chief", "title": "Kenya" }, { "id": "17156773", "text": "Kenyatta has headed up a campaign, dubbed the Beyond Zero Campaign, to reduce child maternal mortality rates. On 24 October 2014, she was named UN in Kenya Person of the Year. She identifies as Catholic and is an alumna of the Catholic girl's school, Kianda School. Margaret Kenyatta Margaret Gakuo Kenyatta (born 8 April 1964) is the First Lady of Kenya, due to her marriage to Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta, 4th President of Kenya. She assumed office after the inauguration of her husband on April 9, 2013, at Kasarani, succeeding the late former first lady Lucy Kibaki. Kenyatta is thought by", "title": "Margaret Kenyatta" }, { "id": "19793576", "text": "Anne Nyokabi Muhoho Anne Nyokabi Muhoho (also called Hannah) (1920–August 2006) was married to Chief Muhoho in Kenya, and the mother-in-law of Jomo Kenyatta, the first prime minister (1963–1964) and the first president of Kenya (1964–1978). A girls' school in Nairobi bears her name. Her daughter Ngina Kenyatta (born 1931) was the first lady to late president Jomo Kenyatta. Anne Nyokabi Muhoho's son George Muhoho has been a Catholic priest, the first black African diplomat to the Vatican embassy attaché for the EU in Brussels. She had two grandsons by Ngina, and Uhuru Kenyatta was elected the fourth president of", "title": "Anne Nyokabi Muhoho" }, { "id": "6561189", "text": "Prime Minister of Kenya The Prime Minister of Kenya was a post in the Kenyan government. The first Prime Minister of Kenya was Jomo Kenyatta who became Prime Minister in 1963. In 1964, Kenya became a Republic; the post of Prime Minister was abolished and Jomo Kenyatta assumed the position of President. Following a power-sharing agreement in February 2008, the post of Prime Minister was recreated that April. The position was again abolished by the 2010 Constitution after the 2013 elections. The last Prime Minister, Raila Odinga, was sworn in on April 17, 2008. He was Kenya's second Prime Minister.", "title": "Prime Minister of Kenya" }, { "id": "222493", "text": "MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNMOP, UNU, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO Politics of Kenya The Politics of Kenya take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Kenya is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system in accordance with a new constitution passed in 2010. Executive power is exercised by the executive branch of government, headed by the President, who chairs the cabinet, that is composed of people chosen from outside parliament. Legislative power is vested", "title": "Politics of Kenya" }, { "id": "18802473", "text": "A gala was held in the evening. Invitations were sent to 54 African countries and other nations. Outgoing First Lady Patience Jonathan did not attend the ceremony. Former Nigerian Heads of State who were in attendance included General Yakubu Gowon, President Shehu Shagari (ousted by Buhari), General Ibrahim Babangida (deposed Buhari), Interim President Ernest Shonekan, General Abdulsalami Abubakar and General Olusegun Obasanjo. Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta was scheduled to attend the ceremony but cancelled following outrage from Kenyans when details of his 84-member entourage was leaked. The Kenyan Foreign Affairs Principal Secretary denied these reports and described the list as", "title": "Inauguration of Muhammadu Buhari" }, { "id": "20322674", "text": "IEBC protests for more than four weeks. These protests have been marked by police brutality, as the police have been reported to use live bullets on protesters. On 30 October the IEBC declared Kenyatta the winner of the elections. Voter turnout was at 38.84%. October 2017 Kenyan presidential election Fresh Presidential elections were held in Kenya on 26 October 2017 following the Supreme Court's annulment of the results of the presidential vote in the August 2017 general elections. General elections were held in Kenya on 8 August 2017. Incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta was declared the winner of the presidential contest", "title": "October 2017 Kenyan presidential election" }, { "id": "19750060", "text": "David Maraga David Kenani Maraga (born 1951) is a Kenyan lawyer and jurist. He is the Chief Justice and President of the Supreme Court of Kenya. He is the 14th Chief Justice of Kenya. Maraga was born in Bonyamatuta, Nyamira County, on 12 January 1951. He studied law at the University of Nairobi, and was awarded a Bachelor of Laws in 1977. Later, he obtained a Master of Laws from the university. He also holds a post graduate diploma awarded in 1978 by the Kenya School of Law. Court of appeals judge David Maraga told the Judicial Service Commission that", "title": "David Maraga" }, { "id": "222482", "text": "(who are members of the Supreme Court), Supreme Court judges, High Court judges, and judges of Kenya's Court of Appeal (no associate judges) appointed by an independent Judicial Service Commission. The Chief Justice and his or her deputy are nominated by the President from names selected by the Judicial Service Commission and voted by the National Assembly. Subordinates Courts are Magistrates Courts, Kadhi Courts and Courts Martial. The current chief justice is David Maraga. Under the 2010 Constitution, Kenya is divided into 47 counties (including the Cities of Nairobi and Mombasa), each comprising a whole number of Parliamentary constituencies. Each", "title": "Politics of Kenya" }, { "id": "16154477", "text": "Kenya came into existence on 12 December 1964. Following the abolition of the monarchy, Jomo Kenyatta became the first President of the Republic of Kenya. Kenya (1963–1964) Between 12 December 1963 and 12 December 1964, Kenya was an independent sovereign state that shared its head of state with the United Kingdom and other states headed by Queen Elizabeth II. It was a predecessor to the modern-day Republic of Kenya. When Kenya Colony was given independence from Britain on 12 December 1963, the British monarch (Elizabeth II) remained head of state as Queen of Kenya. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly", "title": "Kenya (1963–1964)" }, { "id": "20576929", "text": "Paul Kihara Kariuki Paul Kihara Kariuki is a Kenyan lawyer and a former court of appeal president and judge. He was nominated for the post of Office of Attorney General of Kenya by President Uhuru Kenyatta on 13 February 2018 following the resignation of Githu Muigai. Kariuki was born on May 11, 1954 in Kiambu, Kenya. His parents are the Late Bishop of Anglican Church Obadiah Kariuki and Lillian Wairimu the daughter of senior chief Koinange. He attended Nairobi School and graduated from University of Nairobi with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1977. Between 1977 and 1980 Kariuki was", "title": "Paul Kihara Kariuki" }, { "id": "19469987", "text": "Paul Muthaura Paul Murithi Muthaura is a lawyer and administrator in Kenya. He is the current Chief Executive of the Capital Markets Authority (Kenya). He was appointed to that position on 22 April 2016, retroactive from 2 January 2016. Prior to that, he served in the same position, in an acting capacity since July 2012, following the resignation of Stella Kilonzo, in June 2012. He holds a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Warwick and a Master of Laws in Banking and Finance Law, from the London School of Economics and Political Science. According to the website of", "title": "Paul Muthaura" }, { "id": "16992162", "text": "election took place on March 4, 2013, it resulted in the 2 frontrunners, Uhuru of Jubilee and Raila of CORD, clinching 50.6% and 43.7% of the vote respectively. Uhuru Kenyatta was declared the president-elect of Kenya by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission. Raila Odinga challenged this in the Supreme Court of Kenya. Wanjala was one of the six judges who dismissed the petition on March 30, 2013. The highly awaited verdict, given amid great tension in the country, was rendered in favour of Uhuru Kenyatta and was unanimous. Smokin Wanjala Smokin Wanjala is a Kenyan lawyer and an Associate", "title": "Smokin Wanjala" }, { "id": "20104127", "text": "Lake City, a member of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, and a professor of Swahili at Brigham Young University. He received the Utah Women's Alliance for Building Community Award in 2010, the Refugee Youth Leadership Award in 2012, and the UACPA Outstanding Graduate Student Award in 2016. In 2017 Musungu received a nomination for the presidency of Kenya. Huntinghouse, John. \"Amram Musungu, a Mormon Running For President of Kenya, Has Been Officially Nominated As His Party's Official Nominee for President\". LDS SMILE. Retrieved 4-11-17. Leonard, Wendy. \"Utah Mormon running for president of Kenya\". Deseret News. Retrieved 4/11/17. Stack, Peggy. \"Mormon and", "title": "Amram Musungu" }, { "id": "1669692", "text": "Rāshtrapatiji. The release also talks about the styles of other dignitaries, like Governors. \"Hon'ble\" will be used before the titles \"President\" and \"Governor\", while the traditional honorifics \"Shri\" or \"Smt.\" (\"Shrimati\") should precede the name. However, \"Excellency\" will continue to be used, only for interaction of leaders with foreign dignitaries and foreign dignitaries with our leaders as is customary international practice. The President of Ireland is addressed as \"Your Excellency\" or in the Irish language, \"a Shoilse\". Alternatively, one may address the president simply as \"President\" or in the Irish language \"a Uachtaráin\". The President of Kenya is addressed as", "title": "Excellency" }, { "id": "7258670", "text": "State House (Kenya) State House is the official residence of the President of Kenya. It was the residence of the Prime Minister of Kenya from independence until Kenya (12 Dec 1963) transformed into a republic (12 Dec 1964). As the Prime Minister's position was abolished, it has been the official residence of the president since then. Before the construction of Government House in Nairobi, the first Governor's residence was at Government House, Mombasa, constructed in 1879. Government House in Nairobi, now State House, was built in 1907 in Nairobi to serve as the official residence of the Governor of British", "title": "State House (Kenya)" }, { "id": "9048685", "text": "Uniquely for Kenyan politicians, Moi has managed to keep his personal life private. Moi is the leader of KANU political party in Kenya. A favoured son of Kenya's former president, he has been groomed as a presidential candidate by his father. In 2017 general elections, he rallied KANU to support Uhuru Kenyatta for a second term, despite Moi's unease for the candidature which also included his political nemesis and fellow tribesman, William Samoei Arap Ruto. Moi has announced his intentions and is expected to run in the 2022 Kenyan presidential elections, which will test his political abilities and his ability", "title": "Gideon Moi" }, { "id": "1467664", "text": "there were violent attacks against many of those who obtained land through Kenyatta's patronage in these areas. The violence continued sporadically until 1996, with an estimated 1500 killed and 300,000 displaced in the Rift Valley. Jomo Kenyatta Jomo Kenyatta ( – 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. He was the country's first indigenous head of government and played a significant role in the transformation of Kenya from a colony of the British", "title": "Jomo Kenyatta" }, { "id": "9048684", "text": "Gideon Moi Gideon Moi (born 22 October 1963) is a Kenyan politician who has served in the Senate of Kenya, representing Baringo County, since 2013. He was elected with a landslide win of over 80%, trouncing his opponent Jackson Kosgei. He is also the Chairman of the Kenya African National Union (KANU), which for decades was the ruling party in Kenya. He is the youngest son of Kenya's second president, Daniel arap Moi, and Lena Moi. Moi is married to Zahra, with whom he has three children: Kimoi, Kigen and Lulu. Moi has played polo for the Gilgil-based Manyatta club.", "title": "Gideon Moi" }, { "id": "2925102", "text": "and was named Minister of Local Government by Kibaki in January 2008, before becoming Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Trade in April 2008 as part of a coalition government. Subsequently, Kenyatta was Minister of Finance from 2009 to 2012, while remaining Deputy Prime Minister. Accused by the International Criminal Court (ICC) of committing crimes against humanity in relation to the violent aftermath of the 2007 election, he resigned as Minister of Finance on 26 January 2012. He was elected as President of Kenya in the March 2013 presidential election, defeating Raila Odinga with a slim majority in a single", "title": "Uhuru Kenyatta" }, { "id": "222489", "text": "that they did not meet regional or international standards. Most observers suggest that the tallying process for the presidential results was rigged to the advantage of the incumbent president, Mwai Kibaki, despite overwhelming indications that his rival and the subsequent Prime Minister of Kenya, Raila Odinga, won the election. In July 2008, exit polls commissioned by the US government were released, revealing that Odinga had won the election by a comfortable margin of 6%, well outside of the poll's 1.3% margin of error. There was significant and widespread violence in Kenya – 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis – following the unprecedented announcement", "title": "Politics of Kenya" }, { "id": "19828325", "text": "welcomed by many Egyptian members of Parliament. Later, el-Sisi stated that Trump's actions as U.S. president would likely be different than his rhetoric prior to the election, saying \"let's not jump into conclusions or worry\". President Uhuru Kenyatta sent a congratulatory message to Trump and said: The American people have spoken, and they have spoken clearly. The ties that bind Kenya and the United States of America are close and strong. They are old, and based in the values that we hold dear: in democracy, in the rule of law, and in the equality of peoples. Mauritian President Ameenah Gurib", "title": "International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election" }, { "id": "20476023", "text": "Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya (C.G.H.) is the highest award in Kenya. The award is mostly given to the holders of the office of the President of Kenya. However, several prominent figures have also received the medal despite not being Kenyan sitting presidents. They include Yoweri Museveni, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Aga Khan IV. There are eight categories of Presidential awards which are conferred to individuals in recognition of their service to the nation. Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya is the highest category", "title": "Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya" }, { "id": "17034494", "text": "of persons to be appointed as judges by the President. The Chief Justice of Kenya is the head of the Judiciary and President of the Supreme Court. He or she is appointed by the country's President on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission and subject to the approval of the National Assembly. The current Chief Justice is David Kenani Maraga. Judiciary of Kenya The Judiciary of Kenya is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in Kenya. After the promulgation of the constitution of Kenya 2010 the general public through parliament sought to reform the judiciary.", "title": "Judiciary of Kenya" }, { "id": "3369954", "text": "the opposition of the draft constitution were the clergy. In the race for the 4th president of Kenya, Kalonzo Musyoka joined his longtime political opponent Raila Odinga to form the Coalition for Reforms and Democracy (CORD) with Musyoka shelving his presidential ambition to run as Odinga's running mate. When the first round of the presidential election took place on 4 March 2013, Uhuru Kenyatta was declared the president-elect of Kenya by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission. Raila Odinga challenged this in the Supreme Court of Kenya. Questions were raised why Musyoka was not a petitioner in the case. After", "title": "Kalonzo Musyoka" }, { "id": "15628318", "text": "should he be approved as chief justice. Mutunga denied that he would exercise such influence and asked the public to keenly follow the matter if he were appointed. After the first round of the presidential election took place on 4 March 2013, the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission declared Uhuru Kenyatta the president-elect of Kenya. Raila Odinga challenged this in the Supreme Court of Kenya. The court unanimously dismissed the challenge on 30 March 2013, with Mutunga reading the decision of the court. Dr. Mutunga announced in 2015 that he would retire early from his office to give the country", "title": "Willy Mutunga" }, { "id": "1566850", "text": "combating corruption, improving education, and rewriting its constitution. A few of these promises have been met. There is free primary education. In 2007, the government issued a statement declaring that from 2008, secondary education would be heavily subsidised, with the government footing all tuition fees. Under the new constitution and with President Kibaki prohibited by term limits from running for a third term, Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta ran for office. He won with 50.51% of the vote in March 2013. In December 2014, President Uhuru Kenyatta signed a Security Laws Amendment Bill, which supporters of the law suggested was", "title": "Kenya" }, { "id": "1416193", "text": "and 1997. He served as the Leader of the Official Opposition in Parliament from 1998 to 2002. In the 2002 presidential election, he was elected as President of Kenya. Kibaki was born in 1931 in Kikuyu village, Othaya division of Kenya's then Nyeri District, now Nyeri County. He is the youngest son of Kikuyu peasants Kibaki Gĩthĩnji and Teresia Wanjikũ. Though baptised as Emilio Stanley by Italian missionaries in his youth, he has been known as Mwai Kibaki throughout his public life. Family oral history maintains that his early education was made possible by his much older brother-in-law, Paul Muruthi,", "title": "Mwai Kibaki" }, { "id": "1416192", "text": "Mwai Kibaki Mwai Kibaki, C.G.H. (born 15 November 1931) is a Kenyan politician who was the third President of Kenya, serving from December 2002 until April 2013. Kibaki was previously Vice-President of Kenya for ten years from 1978 to 1988 under President Daniel arap Moi. He also held cabinet ministerial positions in the Kenyatta and Moi governments, including time as minister for Finance (1969–1981) under Kenyatta, and Minister for Home Affairs (1982–1988) and Minister for Health (1988–1991) under Moi. Kibaki served as an opposition Member of Parliament from 1992 to 2002. He unsuccessfully stood as a presidential candidate in 1992", "title": "Mwai Kibaki" }, { "id": "222479", "text": "in 2016. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people. As of the 2013 March general election, the Constitution of Kenya has two requirements for any candidate to be declared winner: If none of the candidates fulfills these requirements there is to be a runoff between the two contenders with the highest number of votes. The Deputy President is the running mate of the candidate that wins the presidential election whilst other cabinet members will be appointed, with the approval from the National Assembly, from outside Parliament. Between 2008 and 2013 Kenya was governed by a Grand", "title": "Politics of Kenya" }, { "id": "19614169", "text": "results. The President of Kenya is elected using a modified version of the two-round system: to win in the first round, a candidate must receive over 50% of the vote and at least 25% of the vote in a minimum of 24 of the 47 counties. The 337 members of the National Assembly are elected by two methods; 290 are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting. The remaining 47 are reserved for women and are elected from single-member constituencies based on the 47 counties, also using the first-past-the-post system. The 67 members of the Senate are elected by four", "title": "2017 Kenyan general election" }, { "id": "13240200", "text": "of the poll. Mutua stuck to his position, and referred to President Kenyatta as Mr. Kenyatta throughout the interview. When the interviews ended, the Commission announced that it had settled on Kenyan Court of Appeal Judge David Maraga as the nominee for the Office of Chief Justice. Mutua was ranked third in the interviews. On December 3, 2017, after the Supreme Court confirmed Kenyatta's reelection, Mutua reiterated his refusal to recognize his Presidency. In 1994, Mutua offered up an idea for how to reorganize Africa to construct 15 sustainable states from the 55 semi-viable states that existed at the time.", "title": "Makau W. Mutua" }, { "id": "17201579", "text": "by the six sitting judges.; The final judgement was issued on 16 April 2013. The court ruled that all members were to pay for their own costs. After the Supreme Court gave its ruling on 30 March, both Uhuru and Raila accepted the ruling. In a televised speech, Uhuru said that \"judgment upholding his election as the fourth President of Kenya is a victory to all Kenyans\". He also said that his administration will be an all inclusive one and nobody should feel isolated. He further extended an olive branch to his major competitor, Raila Odinga. In his concession speech,", "title": "2013 Kenyan presidential election petition" }, { "id": "6242929", "text": "Kenyan political scene remains formidable, even though he has also elicited passionate loathing and enmity in some quarters, particularly from leading figures in the ruling administration, past and present. Raila Odinga is seen by many Kenyans as a forward-thinking and strategic leader. On 27 April 2017, Raila was endorsed by the National Super Alliance (NASA) coalition as its presidential candidate for the 2017 Kenyan presidential election, with Kalonzo Musyoka as his running mate. On 8 August, Raila vied again for the presidency, but Uhuru Kenyatta was declared the winner. Odinga contested the election result in the Supreme Court, which nullified", "title": "Raila Odinga" }, { "id": "222478", "text": "Politics of Kenya The Politics of Kenya take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Kenya is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system in accordance with a new constitution passed in 2010. Executive power is exercised by the executive branch of government, headed by the President, who chairs the cabinet, that is composed of people chosen from outside parliament. Legislative power is vested exclusively in Parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Kenya as \"hybrid regime\"", "title": "Politics of Kenya" }, { "id": "11378509", "text": "2007–08 Kenyan crisis The 2007–08 Kenyan crisis was a political, economic, and humanitarian crisis that erupted in Kenya after former President Mwai Kibaki was declared the winner of the presidential election held on December 27, 2007. Supporters of Kibaki's opponent, Raila Odinga of the Orange Democratic Movement, alleged electoral manipulation. This was widely confirmed by international observers, as being perpetrated by both parties in the election. In part due to the ethnic and geographic diversity of Kenyan politics, no singular narrative can explain the reaction of opposition supporters to the announcement of Kibaki's swearing-in, which was done on December 30,", "title": "2007–08 Kenyan crisis" }, { "id": "20463869", "text": "Esther Nyaiyaki Esther Nyaiyaki, is a Kenyan lawyer who works as a Registrar at the Supreme Court of Kenya. She was involved in handling the petition that led to the annulment of the election of Uhuru Kenyatta as president of Kenya, in August 2017. She was born in Kenya an attended Kenyan schools for her primary school education. She studied at Kenya High School for both her O-Level and A-Level schooling. She was admitted to the University of Nairobi, where she studied law, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree. Later, the same university awarded her a Master of", "title": "Esther Nyaiyaki" }, { "id": "11367991", "text": "Margaret Kenyatta (mayor) Margaret Wambui Kenyatta (16 February 1928 – 5 April 2017) was a Kenyan politician. She was the daughter of the first President of Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta, and his wife Grace Wahu. She served as the Mayor of Nairobi from 1970 to 1976 and as Kenya's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1976 to 1986.. She was thereafter appointed as a Commissioner with the Electoral Commission of Kenya from 1992 to 2002. Margaret Kenyatta was born in Pumwani Maternity Hospital in the Kenyan capital Nairobi, to Jomo Kenyatta, a Kenyan politician who later became Kenya's first president,", "title": "Margaret Kenyatta (mayor)" }, { "id": "1566812", "text": "Kenya Kenya (; ), officially the Republic of Kenya (), is a country in Africa with its capital and largest city in Nairobi. Kenya's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift, covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana (formerly called Lake Rudolf) and further south-east to the Indian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and south-west, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers has a population of approximately 48 million. Kenya's capital", "title": "Kenya" }, { "id": "12199002", "text": "of Kenya's Presidents are from Gatundu South Constituency: Mzee Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya's founding father and first President of The Republic of Kenya 1964-1978) and his son President Uhuru Kenyatta, 2013-Present. The current Gatundu South MP is Moses Kuria who succeeded Jossy Ngugi Nyumu who died after collapsing at his Runda home, in May 2014. Theta Dam is in Gatundu South it's located inside Kinale Forest, its being constructed across Theta River in Gatundu South constituency. The project includes construction of a 17 meter high compacted earth fill dam, Construction of a reinforced concrete spillway and Laying of a 3.5km long", "title": "Gatundu South Constituency" }, { "id": "11093965", "text": "verdict in the disputed initial round of the presidential election held on 4 March between Uhuru Kenyatta and Kenya's Prime Minister Raila Odinga. Kenyatta and Deputy President-elect William Ruto we're facing charges at the International Criminal Court (ICC) at The Hague that they instigated post-electoral violence in Kenya after the 2007 election. He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2013 papal conclave that elected Pope Francis. On 30 November 2013, Cardinal Njue was named a Member of the Congregation for Catholic Education by Pope Francis. In June 2013, after US President Barack Obama, whose father was", "title": "John Njue" }, { "id": "302888", "text": "Uhuru (\"Freedom\" in Swahili) Park is a centre for outdoor speeches, services, and rallies. The park was to be built over by former President Daniel arap Moi, who wanted the 62-storey headquarters of his party, the Kenya African National Union, situated in the park. However, the park was saved following a campaign by Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai. Central Park is adjacent to Uhuru Park, and includes a memorial for Jomo Kenyatta, the first president of Kenya, and the Moi Monument, built in 1988 to commemorate the second president's first decade in power. Other notable open spaces include Jeevanjee", "title": "Nairobi" }, { "id": "20322673", "text": "ballots and not rush to announce the official results based only on numbers sent from the polling stations like in the first presidential election as well. The same day, Chebukati appointed IEBC Vice Chair Consolata N.B. Maina as the IEBC Deputy National Returning Officer. Various sources have reported that Kenya could go into massive violence if Uhuru Kenyatta and Raila Odinga fail to sit down and have a concrete dialog before 26 October 2017. This is because many parts of Kenya, including Kisumu City, Mombasa City, Nairobi City, Homa Bay Country, Siaya County, Migori County and others, have experienced anti", "title": "October 2017 Kenyan presidential election" }, { "id": "1416247", "text": "Kenyatta, on 9 April 2013 at a public inauguration ceremony held at Kenya's largest stadium. \"I am happy to pass the torch of leadership to the new generation of leaders\", said Kibaki. He also thanked his family and all Kenyans for the support they had given him throughout his tenure in office, and cited the various achievements his government made. The handover marked the end of his presidency and of his 50 years of public service. President Kibaki was married to Lucy Muthoni from 1961 until her death in 2016. They have four children: Judy Wanjiku, Jimmy Kibaki, David Kagai,", "title": "Mwai Kibaki" }, { "id": "17127620", "text": "vote. In a dramatic reversal of stance, Miguna became one of Odinga's most outspoken advocates after the 2017 presidential election; he also emerged to become one of the sternest critics of the Kenyatta administration, accusing it of despotism and rigging itself into power. Miguna claims to be the leader of the National Resistance Movement, a group started by Raila Odinga declaration at Uhuru Park that was to engage in civil disobedience activities. On 30 January 2018, in a mock swearing in ceremony, Miguna administered an oath of office to Raila Odinga, where Odinga proclaimed himself \"the people's president\". The government", "title": "Miguna Miguna" }, { "id": "15422062", "text": "2013 Kenyan general election General elections were held in Kenya on 4 March 2013. Voters elected the President, members of the National Assembly and new Senate, as well as County Governors and Representatives. They were the first elections held under the new constitution, which was approved in a 2010 referendum, and were also the first run by the new Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC). The presidential elections were effectively a contest between Uhuru Kenyatta of the National Alliance (TNA) and Raila Odinga of the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), with incumbent President Mwai Kibaki having served two terms and not", "title": "2013 Kenyan general election" } ]

[ "Lorenzo Music" ]

[ { "id": "4507516", "text": "Carlton Your Doorman Carlton Your Doorman is a 1980 television pilot for an animated spin-off of the live-action sitcom \"Rhoda\" (1974–78) that was never picked up as a series. It originally aired as a \"CBS Special Presentation\" on May 21, 1980 and has never been rebroadcast. The episode relates the adventures of Carlton, the Doorman (voiced by Lorenzo Music), the previously off-screen character from \"Rhoda\" who was heard via the intercom but almost never seen (except only his arm would occasionally appear from doors and he was once shown dancing while wearing a gorilla mask). It was produced by MTM", "title": "Carlton Your Doorman" }, { "id": "1798650", "text": "Within a few months, it, too, was canceled by CBS. The following are well-known actors who feature in guest-starring roles on \"Rhoda\": Henry Winkler, Vivian Vance, Eileen Heckart, John Ritter, Norman Fell, Doris Roberts, Joan Van Ark, Tim Matheson, Linda Lavin, Judd Hirsch, Ruth Gordon, Howard Hesseman, Anne Jackson, Robert Alda, David Ogden Stiers, Jerry Stiller, Jack Gilford, René Auberjonois. Emmy Awards: Golden Globe Awards: Collectively, \"Rhoda\" garnered a total of 17 Emmy nominations and 7 Golden Globe nominations. An animated TV pilot titled \"Carlton Your Doorman\", a proposed spin-off of the Carlton, the doorman character (voiced by Lorenzo Music),", "title": "Rhoda" }, { "id": "1846705", "text": "six years; he also co-wrote the theme song to the show with his wife Henrietta. Music continued writing for the \"Mary Tyler Moore Show\" spin-off \"Rhoda\". While casting \"Rhoda\", the producers were looking for a voice actor to play the part of a character that would be heard but never seen: Carlton the doorman. When they heard Music's sleepy, husky voice, they offered him that role, which made his voice recognizable to a worldwide television audience. The character was popular enough to warrant a one-off single in 1975 called \"Who Is It?\" (b/w \"The Girl in 510\", United Artists UA-XW643-X),", "title": "Lorenzo Music" }, { "id": "4507518", "text": "in this episode that Carlton was a relatively young man, with shoulder-length blond hair and mustache. He also has a gray cat named Gringo. It is also one of the last animated pilots to use a laugh track, which was a common practice in the 1960s and 1970s. Shout! Factory released this episode as a bonus feature on \"Rhoda – Season Five: The Final Season\" DVD set on October 17, 2017. Primetime Emmy Award Carlton Your Doorman Carlton Your Doorman is a 1980 television pilot for an animated spin-off of the live-action sitcom \"Rhoda\" (1974–78) that was never picked up", "title": "Carlton Your Doorman" }, { "id": "4507517", "text": "Enterprises and was the only animated production from MTM, although \"The Duck Factory\" – a sitcom set in an animation production company – included cartoon segments, and the closing credits of many MTM series included animated clothing and accessories superimposed on Mimsie the Cat. Carlton is a New York City doorman and a misfit who seeks to better himself and his position in society. In the pilot episode, Carlton seeks a replacement for his boss's wife's dog, Punkin, who died while in his care. He tries everything to replace the dog so his boss doesn't find out. It was revealed", "title": "Carlton Your Doorman" }, { "id": "1569586", "text": "Tim Allen Timothy Alan Dick (born June 13, 1953), known professionally as Tim Allen, is an American actor and comedian. He is known for playing Tim \"The Toolman\" Taylor on the ABC sitcom \"Home Improvement\" (1991 to 1999) and Mike Baxter on the ABC sitcom \"Last Man Standing\" (2011 to 2017), which was picked up by Fox in 2018 for a seventh season. He voiced Buzz Lightyear for the \"Toy Story franchise\" and played Scott Calvin and Santa Claus in \"The Santa Clause\" film trilogy (1994–2006). Allen's other films include \"For Richer or Poorer\" (1997), \"Jungle 2 Jungle\" (1997), \"Galaxy", "title": "Tim Allen" }, { "id": "6712835", "text": "Sundance Film Festival and was released on Netflix on April 13, 2018. Pearson is also a gospel vocalist who has won two Stellar Awards, and he was nominated for a Dove Award. In September 1993 Pearson was married at age 40 to the former Gina Marie Gauthier (born December 13, 1961 in Lake Charles, LA). She is a life coach by profession. They have two children; a son, Julian D'Metrius Pearson, born on July 9, 1994 in Tulsa, OK, and a daughter, Majestè Amour Pearson born, October 29, 1996 in Tulsa, OK. On August 25, 2015, Gina Pearson filed for", "title": "Carlton Pearson" }, { "id": "6981961", "text": "Gordon from \"Sesame Street\"), Matthew Lillard, Bill Cosby, Al Roker, Terrell Owens, Tyler Perry, Robin Antin, Keith Richards, Eddie Murphy (as his character James \"Thunder\" Early from the movie \"Dreamgirls\"), Sherman Hemsley (as his character George Jefferson on \"The Jeffersons\"), Charles Barkley, Sendhil Ramamurthy (as Mohinder Suresh), Tyson Beckford, Seal (originally played by Peele until Peele left the show at the end of season 13), Sidney Poitier, Lionel Richie, Barack Obama, Kobe Bryant and Jack Haley (as the Tin Man from \"The Wizard of Oz\"). He also played female celebrities, including Phylicia Rashād and Eva Longoria (as Gabrielle Solis on", "title": "Keegan-Michael Key" }, { "id": "5036744", "text": "judge Jessie J in place of Goodman. Score given by guest judge Pitbull in place of Goodman. Alfonso Ribeiro Alfonso Lincoln Ribeiro Sr. (born September 21, 1971) is an American comedian, director, singer, dancer, television personality and actor. He played Alfonso Spears on the sitcom \"Silver Spoons\", Carlton Banks on the NBC sitcom \"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\", and Maxwell Stanton on \"In the House\". He is the host of ABC's \"America's Funniest Home Videos\", replacing host Tom Bergeron, who left after 14 years. Ribeiro hosted the GSN game show \"Catch 21\", the ABC Family show \"Spell-Mageddon\", and the television", "title": "Alfonso Ribeiro" }, { "id": "5036735", "text": "Alfonso Ribeiro Alfonso Lincoln Ribeiro Sr. (born September 21, 1971) is an American comedian, director, singer, dancer, television personality and actor. He played Alfonso Spears on the sitcom \"Silver Spoons\", Carlton Banks on the NBC sitcom \"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\", and Maxwell Stanton on \"In the House\". He is the host of ABC's \"America's Funniest Home Videos\", replacing host Tom Bergeron, who left after 14 years. Ribeiro hosted the GSN game show \"Catch 21\", the ABC Family show \"Spell-Mageddon\", and the television show \"Dance 360\". He starred in the title role of the Broadway musical \"The Tap Dance Kid\",", "title": "Alfonso Ribeiro" }, { "id": "112263", "text": "was actually born in 1911. Danny Kaye Danny Kaye (born David Daniel Kaminsky; January 18, 1911 – March 3, 1987) was an American actor, singer, dancer, comedian, musician, and philanthropist. His performances featured physical comedy, idiosyncratic pantomimes, and rapid-fire novelty songs. Kaye starred in 17 movies, notably \"Wonder Man\" (1945), \"The Kid from Brooklyn\" (1946), \"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty\" (1947), \"The Inspector General\" (1949), \"Hans Christian Andersen\" (1952), \"White Christmas\" (1954), and \"The Court Jester\" (1956). His films were popular, especially his performances of patter songs and favorites such as \"Inchworm\" and \"The Ugly Duckling.\" He was the", "title": "Danny Kaye" }, { "id": "6166096", "text": "1960 by Howlin' Wolf (vocals), Otis Spann (piano), Hubert Sumlin and Freddy Robinson (guitars), Willie Dixon (double bass), and Fred Below (drums). The chord progression in the refrain of the song, similar to that found in Bo Diddley's \"I'm a Man\" (1955), John Lee Hooker's \"I'm Mad (Again)\" (1957), and Dixon's \"Hoochie Coochie Man\" (1954), dates back to work songs sung during the construction of train tracks. \"Back Door Man\" was included on the 1962 Wolf compilation album \"Howlin' Wolf\". He re-recorded the song in November 1968 for \"The Howlin' Wolf Album\". The Doors recorded a rock version of the", "title": "Back Door Man" }, { "id": "956875", "text": "run on April 15, 1961. The original cast included Robert Preston (who went on to reprise his role in the 1962 screen adaptation) as Harold Hill, Barbara Cook as Marian, Eddie Hodges as Winthrop, Pert Kelton as Mrs. Paroo, Iggie Wolfington as Marcellus Washburn and David Burns as Mayor Shinn. Eddie Albert and Bert Parks each replaced Preston as Hill later in the run, and Paul Ford was a replacement for Mayor Shinn, later reprising the role in the film version. Howard Bay designed the sets. The musical won five Tony Awards, including Best Musical, winning in the same year", "title": "The Music Man" }, { "id": "4546910", "text": "Janet Waldo Janet Marie Waldo (February 4, 1919 – June 12, 2016) was an American radio and voice actress. She is best known in animation for voicing Judy Jetson, Nancy in \"Shazzan\", Penelope Pitstop, and Josie in \"Josie and the Pussycats\", and on radio as the title character in \"Meet Corliss Archer\". Waldo was born in Yakima, Washington on February 4, 1919 (although most sources, including the 1930 index say 1920). Her mother, Jane Althea Blodgett, was a singer trained at the Boston Conservatory of Music, and her father, Benjamin Franklin Waldo, was, according to Waldo family lore, a distant", "title": "Janet Waldo" }, { "id": "3193075", "text": "Drake Bell Jared Drake Bell (born June 27, 1986) is an American actor, voice actor, and musician. Born in Newport Beach, California, he began his career as an actor in the early 1990s at the age of five with his first televised appearance on \"Home Improvement\". Bell also appeared in several commercials, such as one for \"Pokémon Red\" and \"Blue\", but is best known for his starring roles on Nickelodeon's \"The Amanda Show\" and \"Drake & Josh\". Bell starred in a trilogy of \"The Fairly OddParents\" movies on Nickelodeon. Bell was the voice of Peter Parker / Spider-Man in the", "title": "Drake Bell" }, { "id": "6085444", "text": "a member of the Actors Studio in 2006, less than six months before his death. Kirby married Lynn Sellers on September 29, 2003. He died August 14, 2006, from complications related to leukemia at the age of 57. Bruno Kirby Bruno Kirby (born Bruno Giovanni Quidaciolu Jr.; April 28, 1949 – August 14, 2006) was an American actor, singer, voice artist, chef, and comedian. He was known for his roles in \"City Slickers\", \"When Harry Met Sally...\", \"Good Morning, Vietnam\", \"The Godfather Part II\", and \"Donnie Brasco\". He voiced Reginald Stout in \"Stuart Little\". Kirby was born Bruno Giovanni Quidaciolu", "title": "Bruno Kirby" }, { "id": "11813783", "text": "similar in their protectable elements as a matter of law\". In November 2010, Owen Wilson, Larry the Cable Guy, Michael Caine, Emily Mortimer, Jason Isaacs, Joe Mantegna, Peter Jacobson, Bonnie Hunt, Tony Shalhoub, Cheech Marin, and Thomas Kretschmann were confirmed as the voice talent featured in the film. From November 2010 until May 2011, Disney released information about the other voice talent, including Jenifer Lewis, Katherine Helmond, Michael Wallis, Darrell Waltrip, Franco Nero, Vanessa Redgrave, Bruce Campbell, Sig Hansen, Michel Michelis, Jeff Gordon, Lewis Hamilton, Brent Musburger, David Hobbs, John Turturro, and Eddie Izzard. The \"Cars 2\" soundtrack was released", "title": "Cars 2" }, { "id": "15908806", "text": "Jim Doughan James Francis Doughan (born August 2, 1959) is an American actor, writer, and teacher. He is perhaps best known for his roles as Detective Doyle in \"The Mask\" (1994) and Detective Allen as well as the voice of Lucky the cat in \"Stuart Little\" (1999). He is currently a performing arts teacher at Harvard-Westlake School in Los Angeles, California. Doughan was born on August 2, 1959 to Leo F. Doughan and Nancy J. Doughan of Apple Valley, Minnesota, who were originally from Chicago. His father was an independent sales representative for carpet mills. Doughan has been working as", "title": "Jim Doughan" }, { "id": "15613556", "text": "is. Blithe Hollow townspeople are voiced by Kirk Baily, Cam Clarke, Lara Cody, Eddie Frierson, Rif Hutton, Edie Mirman and David Zyler. The idea of the film came from Chris Butler, who, realizing that zombie films often contained a degree of social commentary, thought making such a movie for kids could help express the challenges kids face growing up. Production of the stop-motion animation feature took place at Laika's studio in Hillsboro, Oregon. The film was in production for three years, with the animating stage of production lasting about two years and beginning in late 2009. Rather than using traditional", "title": "ParaNorman" }, { "id": "20910880", "text": "Gaetano Varcasia Gaetano Varcasia (September 6, 1959 – November 10, 2014) was an Italian actor and voice actor. Varcasia began his career in 1983. He had played key parts on stage and had even served as a director. He also had minor roles as a television actor, usually making at least one appearance on a TV series. He was more or less known as a voice dubber. He was the official Italian voice of Mickey Mouse from 1988 to 1995 and also dubbed characters from American television shows which include Tyrion Lannister from \"Game of Thrones\", Carlton Banks from \"The", "title": "Gaetano Varcasia" }, { "id": "3193106", "text": "the Dragonfly in Superhero Movie. He was also nominated for an award in 2014 in the Capital Twitter Awards for biggest Twitter feud with Justin Bieber. Drake Bell Jared Drake Bell (born June 27, 1986) is an American actor, voice actor, and musician. Born in Newport Beach, California, he began his career as an actor in the early 1990s at the age of five with his first televised appearance on \"Home Improvement\". Bell also appeared in several commercials, such as one for \"Pokémon Red\" and \"Blue\", but is best known for his starring roles on Nickelodeon's \"The Amanda Show\" and", "title": "Drake Bell" }, { "id": "8501918", "text": "sing it to Seth when he was a child. During the making of this episode, not much thought was put into the character of Jillian, despite the fact she was always meant to be recurring character; although her regular appearances throughout season 5 were described as \"a big thing for \"Family Guy\".\" In addition to the regular cast, actress Drew Barrymore, voice actor Bobby Costanzo, voice actor Barclay DeVeau, actress Carrie Fisher, voice actress Anne-Michelle Seiler and actress Audrey Wasilewski guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actor John G. Brennan, and writers Mike Henry, Mark Hentemann, Danny Smith,", "title": "Whistle While Your Wife Works" }, { "id": "15385536", "text": "supervising directors for the episode, with Andrew Goldberg, Alex Carter, Elaine Ko, Spencer Porter and Aaron Blitzstein serving as staff writers for the episode. Composer Ron Jones, who has worked on the series since its inception, returned to compose the music for \"Trading Places\". In addition to the regular cast, actor Gary Cole, actress Nina Dobrev, actress Carrie Fisher, voice actress Rachael MacFarlane, actress Laura Vandervoort, and voice actress Lisa Wilhoit guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors and writers Steve Callaghan, Danny Smith, Alec Sulkin and John Viener also made minor appearances. Actor Adam West appeared in", "title": "Trading Places (Family Guy)" }, { "id": "5626781", "text": "and \"Blossom\". In the 2012 film \"God Bless America\" he portrays Frank, a man whose contempt for superficiality and meanness in American society sends him over the edge and into a killing spree. In the 2013 Pixar film \"Monsters University\" he provides the voice of Don Carlton, a middle-aged monster who is a college student and salesman. In April 2014, Murray replaced Chip Esten in the improv-comedy troupe \"Whose Live Anyway?\" and performs with \"Whose Line Is It Anyway?\" cast members Ryan Stiles, Greg Proops and Jeff B. Davis. He portrayed in the same year Ted in the comedy horror", "title": "Joel Murray" }, { "id": "15731289", "text": "Darrell Zwerling Darrell Zwerling (September 9, 1928 – April 11, 2014) was an American character actor in film and television. His most famous role was Hollis Mulwray, the unfortunate Water Authority Commissioner (the husband of Faye Dunaway's character) in Roman Polanski's \"Chinatown\". In 1973, he portrayed Mr. Charney, a voice-over applicant with laryngitis at WJM-TV, in the season four episode, \"The Lou and Edie Story\" on The Mary Tyler Moore Show. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Irwin and Esther Zwerling, Jewish emigrants from Austria and Romania, respectively, and had one elder sibling, a sister, Bernice. Zwerling died in", "title": "Darrell Zwerling" }, { "id": "3201155", "text": "in the comedy-drama film \"The Fundamentals of Caring\", alongside Selena Gomez, and lent his voice to the animated films \"The Little Prince\" and \"Sausage Party\". Rudd often stars with other Apatow film regulars like Seth Rogen (four films), Steve Carell (four films), Jonah Hill (three films), Leslie Mann (three films), Kristen Wiig (three films), Jason Segel (three films), Elizabeth Banks (five films), and Joe Lo Truglio (seven films), as well as working with director David Wain (five films). Rudd has also appeared in Broadway plays, the first being \"The Last Night of Ballyhoo\" as Joe Farkas in 1997. The next", "title": "Paul Rudd" }, { "id": "5334505", "text": "Denis Akiyama Denis Van Akiyama (May 28, 1952 – June 28, 2018) was a Japanese Canadian stage and screen actor, voiceover artist, and musician based in Toronto, Ontario, best known for providing the voice of Iceman/Bobby Drake, Silver Samurai and Sunfire in \"X-Men: The Animated Series\" and Malachite in the original English dub of \"Sailor Moon\". He was a frequent guest star on live-action series like \"Katts and Dog\" and \"She's the Mayor\"\",\" and a permanent recurring performer on the educational programs \"The Busy World of Richard Scarry, Little Bear,\" and \"Scaredy Squirrel\". He also starred opposite Keanu Reeves in", "title": "Denis Akiyama" }, { "id": "5980362", "text": "video game \"\". Born and raised in Truckee, California, Stewart started acting at the age of 12. Her father, Freddie Stewart, was a singer with the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra. She gave birth to her first child, a daughter, in 2008. April Stewart April Stewart (born February 8, 1968) is an American voice actress. Stewart is best known for providing the voices of several female characters in the animated comedy series \"South Park\" alongside fellow voice actress Mona Marshall. Stewart is the voice of Wendy Testaburger, Liane Cartman, Sharon Marsh, Carol McCormick, Shelley Marsh, Mayor McDaniels, Principal Victoria and numerous other", "title": "April Stewart" }, { "id": "605762", "text": "the most expensive wristwatch ever sold. Paul Newman Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008) was an American actor, voice actor, film director, producer, race car driver, IndyCar owner, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He won and was nominated for numerous awards, winning an Academy Award for his performance in the 1986 film \"The Color of Money\", a BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Cannes Film Festival Award, an Emmy Award, and many others. Newman's other roles include the title characters in \"The Hustler\" (1961), \"Hud\" (1963), \"Harper\" (1966) and \"Cool Hand Luke\" (1967), as well as", "title": "Paul Newman" }, { "id": "1512962", "text": "daughter of his \"Oz\" costar Judy Garland, starred in \"That's Dancing!\", a film also written by Jack Haley, Jr., the son of Jack Haley, who portrayed the Tin Woodman in \"The Wizard of Oz\". In 1998, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to him. He was a Roman Catholic, and a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California. Bolger was a staunch Republican who campaigned for Richard Nixon in 1968. Bolger died of bladder cancer on January 15, 1987, in Los Angeles, five", "title": "Ray Bolger" }, { "id": "1846706", "text": "which became a regional hit. Music also co-produced and co-wrote a 1980 animated special \"Carlton Your Doorman\" which won an Emmy Award. In 1976, he and Henrietta were given the opportunity to host a syndicated television variety show of their own. \"The Lorenzo and Henrietta Music Show\" was produced at a time when there was a glut of television variety shows, and it did not last. In 1983, Music voiced the character Ralph the All-Purpose Animal in the stop-motion animated film \"Twice Upon A Time\". In 1982, Jim Davis's \"Garfield\" was the most popular comic strip in America. Compilation books", "title": "Lorenzo Music" }, { "id": "16980328", "text": "Susan Luckey Suzanne Dolores Luckey (April 4, 1938 – November 29, 2012) was an American actress, best known for her roles in the musical films \"Carousel\", released in 1956, and \"The Music Man\", which opened in 1962. She was born in Hollywood, California, where her father was a sound editor in the film industry. Luckey performed on Broadway during the 1950s, including the original 1954 adaptation of \"Peter Pan\" and \"Take Me Along\". On television, Luckey was cast in \"The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show\". She also appeared in the television movie version of \"Annie Get Your Gun\" in", "title": "Susan Luckey" }, { "id": "126971", "text": "shew\" (his pronunciation of the word \"show\"). Will Jordan portrayed Sullivan in the films \"I Wanna Hold Your Hand\", \"The Buddy Holly Story\", \"The Doors\", \"Mr. Saturday Night\", \"Down with Love\", and in the 1979 TV movie \"Elvis\". Sullivan inspired a song in the musical \"Bye Bye Birdie\", and in 1963, appeared as himself in the film. In 1954, Sullivan was a co-host on a memorable TV musical special, \"\". In the 1950s and 1960s, Sullivan was a respected starmaker because of the number of performers who became household names after appearing on the show. He had a knack for", "title": "Ed Sullivan" }, { "id": "3120579", "text": "where he died on August 13, 2006, aged 73. He is buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Los Angeles, California. Audiobooks: Audio Plays: Radio Serials: Commercials: Tony Jay Tony Jay (2 February 1933 – 13 August 2006) was an English actor, voice artist, and singer. A former member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, he was known for his voice work in radio, animation, film, and video games. Jay was particularly well known for his distinctive baritone voice, which often led to him being cast in villainous roles. He was best known as the voice of Judge Claude Frollo in", "title": "Tony Jay" }, { "id": "10949640", "text": "Colin McFarlane Colin Andrew Ignatius Peter McFarlane (born 15 September 1961) is a British actor and voice actor. McFarlane was born in Clapton, London, England, to Jamaican parents. He attended the Perse School, Cambridge, and later graduated from Loughborough University with a degree in Drama. McFarlane portrayed Police commissioner Gillian B. Loeb in the critically acclaimed films \"Batman Begins\" and \"The Dark Knight\". He has also made numerous appearances in the \"Doctor Who\" franchise, playing the character Moran in the \"Under the Lake\" and \"Before the Flood\" episodes of the ninth series from 2015. In addition, he also appeared in", "title": "Colin McFarlane" }, { "id": "4242864", "text": "number of movies (among others: \" Too Many Parents\", \"Easy to Take\", \"Three Cheers for Love\", \" The Silk Hat Kid\", \"The Big Broadcast of 1937\", \"Sons of the Legion\", \"Say it in French\", \"Boy Trouble\", \"Night Work\", \"Sudden Money\", \"Nobody's Children (1940)\", \"Hold Back the Dawn\", \"Nevada City\", \"The Road to Happiness (1941)\" and working alongside some of Hollywood's finest, including, Donald O'Connor, Lon Chaney Jr., Roy Rogers, Charles Boyer, Randolph Scott, Lew Ayres, Gene Autry, Robert Cummings, Basil Rathbone, Olivia de Havilland, John Boles, Fred MacMurray, Ray Milland and Broderick Crawford). He also did the voice of \"The", "title": "Billy Lee (actor)" }, { "id": "6683967", "text": "Everett McGill Everett McGill (born Charles Everett McGill III, October 21, 1945) is an American actor, who first rose to prominence for his portrayal of a caveman in \"Quest for Fire\" (1981). He went on to have prominent roles in films like \"Dune\" (1984), \"Silver Bullet\" (1985), \"Heartbreak Ridge\" (1986), \"Licence to Kill\" (1989), \"The People Under the Stairs\" (1991) and \"\" (1995). On television he appeared as \"Big\" Ed Hurley in \"Twin Peaks\" (1990–1991). He retired from acting in 1999, but returned in the Twin Peaks 2017 revival. McGill was born Charles Everett McGill III in Miami Beach, Florida.", "title": "Everett McGill" }, { "id": "16944321", "text": "home, Ernie reveals to Sue that he did not write the landmark because he went to save Julia. They soon learn that Dodger is the one who did it when they see him in the time machine with them. Additional voices by Melanie Abramoff, Jessica DiCicco, Benjamin Diskin, Dawnn Lewis, Megan Lovegren, Mary Elizabeth McGlynn, Jamie Simone, Roger Craig Smith, and Kari Wahlgren. The film was released in 2012 in South Korea, Poland, Israel, Turkey and the US, on 2013 in Russia, South Africa, Estonia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Lithuania, Italy, New Zealand and Mexico and on 2014 in Peru, Germany, Chile", "title": "Dino Time" }, { "id": "5272227", "text": "Fred Newman (actor) Frederick R. \"Fred\" Newman (born May 6, 1952) is an American actor, voice actor, composer, comedian, musician, and sound effects artist, as well as a former talk-show host. Newman was born in LaGrange, Georgia. He is a 1974 graduate of the University of Georgia, and received an MBA at Harvard Business School in 1978. Fred Newman married Katy Dobbs in 1985, and the couple has two children: Gil John Newman (son) and Lila Claire Newman (daughter). Lila appeared on A Prairie Home Companion (APHC) as an actor and singer when the show was in Chicago at Ravinia", "title": "Fred Newman (actor)" }, { "id": "1318421", "text": "up-and-coming singer trying to make it big under the tutelage of her boyfriend and mentor Kris Kristofferson (played by Flaherty). Canadian actors, including Jayne Eastwood, Dara Forward, Monica Parker, and Peter Wildman, appeared on the show occasionally as guests. Catherine O'Hara's sister, singer-songwriter Mary Margaret O'Hara, also appeared in a bit part in the episode \"Broads Behind Bars\". William B. Davis, still a decade away from his signature role as The X-Files' \"Smoking Man\", also has a bit role in one 1983 episode. The laugh track used in early episodes was recorded using audience reactions during live performances in the", "title": "Second City Television" }, { "id": "2357565", "text": "Seth MacFarlane Seth Woodbury MacFarlane (; born October 26, 1973) is an American actor, animator, filmmaker, and singer, working primarily in animation and comedy, as well as live-action and other genres. MacFarlane is the creator of the TV series \"Family Guy\" (1999–2003, 2005–present) and \"The Orville\" (2017–present), and co-creator of the TV series \"American Dad!\" (2005–present) and \"The Cleveland Show\" (2009–2013). He also wrote, directed, and starred in the films \"Ted\" (2012), its sequel \"Ted 2\" (2015), and \"A Million Ways to Die in the West\" (2014). MacFarlane is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design, where he", "title": "Seth MacFarlane" }, { "id": "10375109", "text": "\"Cheers\" she played Kelly Gaines' mother, Roxanne Gaines, in the episode \"\"Woody Or Won't He\"\". Britt was born in Charlotte, North Carolina on October 31, 1943 and grew up in Houston, Texas. She has two daughters. Melendy Britt Melendy Britt (born October 31, 1943) is an American actress active in television and voice acting since the 1970s. Her most notable animated work is for Filmation, voicing characters such as She-Ra, and the second animated Batgirl (Jane Webb was the first). She also provided the voice for Penny, would-be love interest and aide to Plasticman on \"The Plastic Man Comedy/Adventure Show\",", "title": "Melendy Britt" }, { "id": "3639375", "text": "Diedrich Bader Karl Diedrich Bader (born December 24, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian best known for appearing in comedies, including the films \"The Beverly Hillbillies\", \"Office Space\", \"EuroTrip\" and \"Napoleon Dynamite\" and the sitcoms \"The Drew Carey Show\", \"Veep\", \"Outsourced\" and \"American Housewife\". He is also a voice actor for multiple animated series; some of his roles include Batman on \"\" and \"\", android Zeta in \"The Zeta Project\", Warp Darkmatter in \"Buzz Lightyear of Star Command\", the Fiskerton Phantom in \"The Secret Saturdays\" and his recurring role as Hoss Delgado in \"The Grim Adventures of", "title": "Diedrich Bader" }, { "id": "3639379", "text": "in \"\". Bader also voices Guy Gardner in \"\". In 2016, Bader starred in the \"It's the Obvious Choice\" series of Time Warner Cable television commercials and currently stars as Greg Otto in \"American Housewife\" with Katy Mixon. Bader also has a recurring role on HBO's \"Veep\". Diedrich Bader Karl Diedrich Bader (born December 24, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian best known for appearing in comedies, including the films \"The Beverly Hillbillies\", \"Office Space\", \"EuroTrip\" and \"Napoleon Dynamite\" and the sitcoms \"The Drew Carey Show\", \"Veep\", \"Outsourced\" and \"American Housewife\". He is also a voice actor", "title": "Diedrich Bader" }, { "id": "12070523", "text": "Year My Voice Broke\". Carlton trained with the Australian Theatre for Young People in Sydney, Australia for many years learning the foundations of acting for screen and stage. Carlton starred in the short film \"Carmichael & Shane\", which was the winner of Tropfest in 2006. He also wrote, co-produced and co-directed the film. He co-starred with his real-life twin sons Jim and Leo Carlton, who played the title characters Carmichael and Shane. Carlton also won the award for Best Male Actor. In April 2011 Carlton starred in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's \"\" as the acerbic and charismatic king of Australian", "title": "Rob Carlton" }, { "id": "15243505", "text": "a scientist, judge, elder, or some equally distinguished character role. He retired from acting in 1962 following an appearance on \"Perry Mason\" as Carlton Gage in \"The Case of the Capricious Corpse.\" He died in 1966 in Los Angeles. Everett Glass Everett Glass (23 July 1891 – 22 March 1966) was an American character actor who appeared in more than eighty films and television shows from the 1940s through the 1960s, including \"Invasion of the Body Snatchers\" (1956) and episodes of \"Adventures of Superman\", \"Lassie\", and \"Perry Mason\". He began as a stage actor and had a long career as", "title": "Everett Glass" }, { "id": "19906623", "text": "The Star (2017 film) The Star is a 2017 American computer-animated Christian comedy film directed by Timothy Reckart. Based on the Nativity of Jesus, an original idea by Tom Sheridan, the screenplay was written by Carlos Kotkin and Simon Moore. It is produced by Sony Pictures Animation, with partnership from Walden Media, Affirm Films and The Jim Henson Company. It stars the voices of Steven Yeun, Gina Rodriguez, Zachary Levi, Keegan-Michael Key, Kelly Clarkson, Patricia Heaton, Kristin Chenoweth, Tracy Morgan, Tyler Perry, and Oprah Winfrey. The film was released by Columbia Pictures through its parental label Sony Pictures Entertainment on", "title": "The Star (2017 film)" }, { "id": "10342300", "text": "\"Do the Right Thing\", Theodore Cotter in \"The Long Walk Home,\" the young Jake Branch in the black-and-white independent feature \"Lou, Pat & Joe D,\" and Cathy's younger brother in \"The Cabinet of Dr. Ramirez,\" a \"freewheeling musical horror spoof\" directed by Peter Sellars. Habersham earned his B.A. in history from the University of Virginia and his M.S. in real estate development from Columbia University's Graduate School of Architecture. The history of the American Civil War is one of his particular interests. Richard Parnell Habersham Richard Parnell Habersham, born in Manhattan and raised in Harlem, is an African American actor", "title": "Richard Parnell Habersham" }, { "id": "2595696", "text": "a non-speaking cameo in the iconic \"Puppy Episode\") and in the TV movie \"If These Walls Could Talk 2\". In 1997, she lent her voice to Warner Bros. Family Entertainment as Tilly the Hippo in the film \"Cats Don't Dance\", alongside actors Scott Bakula, Jasmine Guy, John Rhys-Davies and Don Knotts, and has also played a role on the \"Nightmare Ned\" video game. In 1998, she made a cameo in \"Bride of Chucky\" as the maid who discovers Diane's and Russ's bodies. In 1999, she played the Stepmother in \"CinderElmo\", a primetime special for \"Sesame Street\". In 2001, she co-starred", "title": "Kathy Najimy" }, { "id": "6159273", "text": "vocals), Raphael Grinage (cello) and Loren Pickford (flute and saxophone). The four later composed the incidental music for the Broadway show Paul Sills' Story Theatre, which won two Tony awards and was nominated for best show in the 1971 awards. His voice work as \"Elle\" the robot policeman in the 1978 film \"Starcrash\" is a cult favourite and he had a memorable role in the 1976 Peter Bogdanovich film \"Nickelodeon\". He also performed with the Chicago comedy troupe The Second City and the San Francisco satirical comedy troupe the Committee and appeared in a number of stage productions, including a", "title": "Hamilton Camp" }, { "id": "6063740", "text": "Joseph Kearns Joseph Sherrard Kearns (February 12, 1907 – February 17, 1962) was an American actor, who is best remembered for his role as George Wilson (\"Mr. Wilson\") in the CBS television series \"Dennis the Menace\" from 1959 until his death in 1962, and for providing the voice of the Doorknob in the 1951 animated Disney film, \"Alice in Wonderland\". Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, Kearns moved with his family to California when he was very young. His mother was Cordelia M. Kearns (née Peterson; 1877–1962), a concert pianist, from whom Kearns derived his love of music. He and", "title": "Joseph Kearns" }, { "id": "3479558", "text": "revivals in 1988 and throughout the 1990s. The 1980 Canadian production had a cast that included France Castel, Louise Forestier, Gilles Valiquette, and Martine St-Clair. Céline Dion recorded several songs from the musical on her 1991 album \"Dion chante Plamondon\". In 1992, an English version of the show was created with the release of the album \"Tycoon\", with lyrics by Tim Rice, and starring Kim Carnes, Celine Dion, Nina Hagen, Peter Kingsbery, Cyndi Lauper, Willy Deville, and Tom Jones in the principal roles on the recording. The American premiere of \"Tycoon\", with English lyrics, was produced at the UTEP Dinner", "title": "Starmania (musical)" }, { "id": "4546920", "text": "of the original voice of Judy Jetson. Waldo died on June 12, 2016 at the age of 97. She had been diagnosed with a benign but inoperable brain tumor five years before her death. She is interred at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills. Janet Waldo Janet Marie Waldo (February 4, 1919 – June 12, 2016) was an American radio and voice actress. She is best known in animation for voicing Judy Jetson, Nancy in \"Shazzan\", Penelope Pitstop, and Josie in \"Josie and the Pussycats\", and on radio as the title character in \"Meet Corliss Archer\". Waldo", "title": "Janet Waldo" }, { "id": "5568877", "text": "New School\", but lost to Eartha Kitt, who did Yzma in the same series. Currently DiCicco provides the voice of Toby the cactus and the sounds of the mule Clementine on \"Sheriff Callie's Wild West\". DiCicco has also contributed to several video games, including \"Psychonauts\", \"Kingdom Hearts II\", \"Hot Shots Tennis\", and \"Pimp My Ride\". Jessica DiCicco Jessica Sonya DiCicco () is an American actress known for voicing in animated television series and video games. Some of her major voice roles in animation include Maggie in \"The Buzz on Maggie\" and Flame Princess in \"Adventure Time\". She was the voice", "title": "Jessica DiCicco" }, { "id": "15687271", "text": "the 1996 soundtrack to the film \"The Cable Guy\" and he worked with the rest of GAQS on writing and performing \"Dizzy\" for the 1995 soundtrack to the film \"The Basketball Diaries\". He sang with Devilhead, with Kevin Wood and former members of Hater, recording lead vocals for one song, \"Buying Milk\", on their album \"Pest Control\", released in 1996 on Loosegroove Records. He recorded backing vocals on \"The Skies Magnify Me\", with Brandon and Ben Curtis and Joseph Butcher for UFOFU, on their CD UFOFU, released on the Medicine Label in 1997. Willman and session drummer kevtone formed the", "title": "Tyler Willman" }, { "id": "5629095", "text": "of the Year by Behind the Voice Actors in 2012 and in 2013. In 2015, Richardson provided the voice of a Nigerian king on \"The Simpsons\" episode \"The Princess Guide\". Later, he provided the voice of Judge Michaels in Tyler Perry's first animated film \"Madea's Tough Love\". In 2018, Richardson provided the voice of Jimbo in \"\". A follow-up of the 2017 film \"The Boss Baby\". Richardson has been married to his wife Monica since May 2006. His wife also has two children from a previous marriage. Kevin Michael Richardson Kevin Michael Richardson (born October 25, 1964) is an American", "title": "Kevin Michael Richardson" }, { "id": "112222", "text": "Danny Kaye Danny Kaye (born David Daniel Kaminsky; January 18, 1911 – March 3, 1987) was an American actor, singer, dancer, comedian, musician, and philanthropist. His performances featured physical comedy, idiosyncratic pantomimes, and rapid-fire novelty songs. Kaye starred in 17 movies, notably \"Wonder Man\" (1945), \"The Kid from Brooklyn\" (1946), \"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty\" (1947), \"The Inspector General\" (1949), \"Hans Christian Andersen\" (1952), \"White Christmas\" (1954), and \"The Court Jester\" (1956). His films were popular, especially his performances of patter songs and favorites such as \"Inchworm\" and \"The Ugly Duckling.\" He was the first ambassador-at-large of UNICEF in", "title": "Danny Kaye" }, { "id": "1294549", "text": "a moment.'\" She played Lady Carlton, a quirky romance novelist and the landlady to the main characters, in the British sitcom \"Girls on Top\" (1985–86). Her last film was \"Little Dorrit\" (1988), which was released posthumously. Greenwood married André Morell in 1960. Their son is Jason Morell, a film director. On 28 February 1987, Greenwood died of a heart attack in London, less than a week before her 66th birthday. Joan Greenwood Joan Greenwood (4 March 1921 – 28 February 1987) was an English actress. Her husky voice, coupled with her slow, precise elocution, was her trademark. She is perhaps", "title": "Joan Greenwood" }, { "id": "1939311", "text": "Nathan Lane Nathan Lane (born Joseph Lane; February 3, 1956) is an American actor and writer. He has played the roles of Albert in \"The Birdcage\", Max Bialystock in the musical \"The Producers\", Ernie Smuntz in \"MouseHunt\", Nathan Detroit in \"Guys and Dolls\", and Pseudolus in \"A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum\". His voice work includes \"The Lion King\" as Timon and \"Stuart Little\" as Snowbell, and has played recurring roles on \"Modern Family\", \"The Good Wife\", and \"\" as F. Lee Bailey. He has received three Tony Awards: he won the Tony Award for Best", "title": "Nathan Lane" }, { "id": "8555027", "text": "Carlton and The Shoes Carlton and the Shoes (sometimes credited as Carlton & His Shoes) are a Jamaican vocal group who had their greatest success in the late 1960s, as rocksteady gradually became reggae and are still active in 2008, most notably in Japan and Jamaica. The group had several Studio One recorded hits in Jamaica, most notably \"Love me Forever\" in 1968. The group is led by Carlton Manning, and the line-up was originally completed by his younger brothers Donald and Lynford (both members of The Abyssinians), and Alexander Henry. Manning originally named the group Carlton and his Shades,", "title": "Carlton and The Shoes" }, { "id": "7371194", "text": "(Sarah Dacos), Colin Fox (Fritz Brenner), Saul Rubinek (Lon Cohen), Conrad Dunn (Saul Panzer), Fulvio Cecere (Fred Durkin), Trent McMullen (Orrie Cather), Bill Smitrovich (Inspector Cramer), R.D. Reid (Sergeant Purley Stebbins), James Tolkan (Richard Wragg), and Nicky Guadagni (Ivana Althaus). \"The Doorbell Rang\" was filmed in Toronto, with select Manhattan exteriors. Composer Michael Small wrote the jazzy score, including the title music and series theme, \"Boss Boogie.\" The soundtrack also includes music by Ib Glindemann, Alan Moorhouse, Bill Novick and Paul Lenart, and Giuseppe Verdi. In North America, \"A Nero Wolfe Mystery\" is available on Region 1 DVD from A&E", "title": "The Doorbell Rang" }, { "id": "641860", "text": "with Julie Christie, Bill Nighy, Romola Garai, and David Tennant, Academy Award-nominated director Danis Tanović's war film \"Triage\" with Colin Farrell and Paz Vega, and Duncan Ward's comedy \"Boogie Woogie\" alongside Amanda Seyfried, Gillian Anderson, Stellan Skarsgård, and Joanna Lumley. In 2010, Lee marked his fourth collaboration with Tim Burton by voicing the Jabberwock in Burton's adaptation of Lewis Carroll's classic book \"Alice in Wonderland\", alongside Johnny Depp, Helena Bonham Carter, and Anne Hathaway. While he only had two lines, Burton said that he felt Lee to be a good match for the iconic character, because of Lee himself being", "title": "Christopher Lee" }, { "id": "17019104", "text": "State University, Long Beach. According to Wertimer's manager, he had fallen at his home in Burbank, California in November 2012. He never recovered from it and died on January 2, 2013, at the Sherman Village Health Care Center in Los Angeles. He was 89 years old. Ned Wertimer Edward \"Ned\" Wertimer (October 27, 1923 – January 2, 2013) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Ralph Hart, the doorman on the sitcom \"The Jeffersons\". Wertimer was born on October 27, 1923 in Buffalo, New York. He served as a Navy pilot in World War II,", "title": "Ned Wertimer" }, { "id": "11571424", "text": "as Perry the Doorman. In 2015, his Kyle Chandler led Netflix series \"Bloodline\" premiered. In 2016 it was cancelled, and ended its run after its third season in 2017. After graduating from Cranbrook Kingswood School, Kessler graduated \"magna cum laude\" from Harvard University with a degree in dramatic literature and playwriting, and has twice been a visiting artist at Harvard, teaching screenwriting seminars. Kessler has been nominated for several Primetime Emmy Awards. Todd A. Kessler, Glenn Kessler and Daniel Zelman were nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for their work on the \"Damages\" pilot", "title": "Todd A. Kessler" }, { "id": "5373573", "text": "died in a London nursing home. Actor Ian Bannen gave the main address at his funeral held at Golders Green. Thorley Walters Thorley Swinstead Walters (12 May 1913 – 6 July 1991) was an English character actor. He is probably best remembered for his comedy film roles such as in \"Two-Way Stretch\" and \"Carlton-Browne of the FO\". Walters was born in Teigngrace, Devon, the son of Prebendary Thomas Collins Walters of Silverton, Devon and his wife Mary Francis (n.b. not 'Frances'; née Swinstead). He featured in three of the St Trinian's films, starting as an army major in \"Blue Murder", "title": "Thorley Walters" }, { "id": "15385530", "text": "the ultimate consequence. The episode was written by Steve Callaghan and directed by Joseph Lee. It received mostly positive reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 6.55 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Gary Cole, Carrie Fisher, Rachael MacFarlane, Laura Vandervoort, Lisa Wilhoit, Camille Guaty, and Nina Dobrev, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. \"Trading Places\" was one of five episodes submitted for consideration for an Emmy Award in the \"Outstanding Comedy Series\" category in 2011. A drunk Tom", "title": "Trading Places (Family Guy)" }, { "id": "9779618", "text": "moving to Detroit in 1966 shortly after the station was sold. His show ran through 1972 (returning to Cleveland as \"Hey Woody\" that year), and was revived for three years starting in 1997 after a chance encounter with a Canton television executive (David Little), who had loved the show as a child. Remarkably, Conroy still had all of his original props and costumes in his basement, including the puppets who were regular characters on the show: Tarkington Whom Owl, Voracious the Elephant, and Freddie the Alley-Croc. The puppet characters were voiced by fellow Cleveland actor Lawson J. Deming from 1961–66,", "title": "Woodrow the Woodsman" }, { "id": "605723", "text": "Paul Newman Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008) was an American actor, voice actor, film director, producer, race car driver, IndyCar owner, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He won and was nominated for numerous awards, winning an Academy Award for his performance in the 1986 film \"The Color of Money\", a BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Cannes Film Festival Award, an Emmy Award, and many others. Newman's other roles include the title characters in \"The Hustler\" (1961), \"Hud\" (1963), \"Harper\" (1966) and \"Cool Hand Luke\" (1967), as well as \"Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\"", "title": "Paul Newman" }, { "id": "6085439", "text": "Bruno Kirby Bruno Kirby (born Bruno Giovanni Quidaciolu Jr.; April 28, 1949 – August 14, 2006) was an American actor, singer, voice artist, chef, and comedian. He was known for his roles in \"City Slickers\", \"When Harry Met Sally...\", \"Good Morning, Vietnam\", \"The Godfather Part II\", and \"Donnie Brasco\". He voiced Reginald Stout in \"Stuart Little\". Kirby was born Bruno Giovanni Quidaciolu Jr. in New York City, New York on April 28, 1949. His father is Bruce Kirby (born Bruno Giovanni Quidaciolu). His brother John Kirby is an acting coach. Kirby attended Power Memorial Academy. Kirby was a popular character", "title": "Bruno Kirby" }, { "id": "427552", "text": "(Michael Gough, Jeffrey Jones and Christopher Walken, among others) and Christina Ricci was cast as Katrina van Tassel. A well-regarded supporting cast was headed by Miranda Richardson, Michael Gambon, Richard Griffiths and Ian McDiarmid. Mostly well received by critics, and with a special mention to Elfman's gothic score, the film won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction, as well as two BAFTAs for Best Costume Design and Best Production Design. A box office success, \"Sleepy Hollow\" was also a turning point for Burton. Along with change in his personal life (separation from actress Lisa Marie), Burton changed radically in", "title": "Tim Burton" }, { "id": "16200394", "text": "Alan Baxter (actor) Alan Baxter (November 19, 1908 – May 7, 1976) was an American film and television actor. Baxter was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He earned a bachelor's degree from Williams College, where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity and a classmate of Elia Kazan. He went on to study in the 47 Drama Workshop at Yale University. Baxter's Broadway credits include \"The Hallams\" (1947), \"Home of the Brave\" (1945), \"The Voice of the Turtle\" (1943), \"Winged Victory\" (1943), \"Thumbs Up!\" (1934), and \"Lone Valley\" (1932). Baxter served in the United States Army Air Corps during", "title": "Alan Baxter (actor)" }, { "id": "17019100", "text": "Ned Wertimer Edward \"Ned\" Wertimer (October 27, 1923 – January 2, 2013) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Ralph Hart, the doorman on the sitcom \"The Jeffersons\". Wertimer was born on October 27, 1923 in Buffalo, New York. He served as a Navy pilot in World War II, and later received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School. While at the school, he became a member of its \"Mask and Wig Club,\" an all-male comedy and musical troupe. After graduating college, Wertimer went to New York City to perform", "title": "Ned Wertimer" }, { "id": "6166097", "text": "\"Back Door Man\" for their eponymous debut album. The Doors' drummer John Densmore described it as a song that is \"deeply sexual and got everyone moving.\" The song also appears on the Doors' live album \"Absolutely Live\" (1970). The song has also been recorded by Guy Mitchell, Chicken Shack, Blues Project, Shadows of Knight, Bob Weir, Sam Gopal, T-Model Ford, Quicksilver Messenger Service, and Soul Asylum (fronted by Iggy Pop, at the opening of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame). Frank Marino, of the band Mahogany Rush, recorded it on \"Mahogany Rush Live\". The song's author, Willie Dixon, recorded", "title": "Back Door Man" }, { "id": "10375108", "text": "Melendy Britt Melendy Britt (born October 31, 1943) is an American actress active in television and voice acting since the 1970s. Her most notable animated work is for Filmation, voicing characters such as She-Ra, and the second animated Batgirl (Jane Webb was the first). She also provided the voice for Penny, would-be love interest and aide to Plasticman on \"The Plastic Man Comedy/Adventure Show\", which was produced by Ruby-Spears. She was also the voice for Gran Gran in the cartoon series \"\". Her film credits include roles in \"Gray Lady Down\" (1978) and \"Being There\" (1979). In the TV series", "title": "Melendy Britt" }, { "id": "9386098", "text": "Junius Matthews Junius Conyers Matthews (June 12, 1890 – January 18, 1978) was an American actor and voice actor. He was the original voice of Rabbit in the \"Winnie the Pooh\" franchise from 1966 to 1977. He was a private in World War I before becoming an actor, and determined to become a popular radio and television actor, his career began on stage where he got his first role in a silent film called \"The Silent Witness\" (1917). He later played the role of the Tin Woodsman on a radio version of \"The Wizard of Oz\". His distinctive voice can", "title": "Junius Matthews" }, { "id": "5334507", "text": "program, and appeared in supporting roles in \"Captive Hearts\" and \"Dead Ringers\". Denis Akiyama Denis Van Akiyama (May 28, 1952 – June 28, 2018) was a Japanese Canadian stage and screen actor, voiceover artist, and musician based in Toronto, Ontario, best known for providing the voice of Iceman/Bobby Drake, Silver Samurai and Sunfire in \"X-Men: The Animated Series\" and Malachite in the original English dub of \"Sailor Moon\". He was a frequent guest star on live-action series like \"Katts and Dog\" and \"She's the Mayor\"\",\" and a permanent recurring performer on the educational programs \"The Busy World of Richard Scarry,", "title": "Denis Akiyama" }, { "id": "10949645", "text": "who starred in a Barclays advert. Colin McFarlane Colin Andrew Ignatius Peter McFarlane (born 15 September 1961) is a British actor and voice actor. McFarlane was born in Clapton, London, England, to Jamaican parents. He attended the Perse School, Cambridge, and later graduated from Loughborough University with a degree in Drama. McFarlane portrayed Police commissioner Gillian B. Loeb in the critically acclaimed films \"Batman Begins\" and \"The Dark Knight\". He has also made numerous appearances in the \"Doctor Who\" franchise, playing the character Moran in the \"Under the Lake\" and \"Before the Flood\" episodes of the ninth series from 2015.", "title": "Colin McFarlane" }, { "id": "4590809", "text": "who accompanied her as the vocalist for the series: Richard Whiteman (piano), Mike Grace (bass), Kevin Barrett (guitar), Kieran Overs (bass), Ted Warren (drums), Bobby Brough (sax), Rob Clutton (bass), Nancy Walker (piano), Ted Quinlan (guitar), Tim Posgate (guitar) and George Koller (bass). Stevie Vallance Stephanie Louise Vallance (born September 8, 1958) known as Stevie Vallance, also credited as Louise Vallance during the 1970s-90s, is a Canadian singer, musician, actress, voice actress and director who has worked on numerous films and television series, both live-action and animated. Vallance is most recognized as Jenny in \"The Ropers\", Det. Stevie Brody in", "title": "Stevie Vallance" }, { "id": "14337892", "text": "Whitney Kershaw Whitney Kershaw (born April 10, 1962) is an American singer and actress, best known for her roles on television. Her most well known role was that of Merilee Gunderson during the first season of \"Major Dad\" in 1989 and 1990. Additional television credits include \"Something Wilder\", \"The Wonder Years\", \"Valerie\", \"Jake and the Fatman\", \"Longarm\", \"Simon & Simon\", \"L.A. Law\", \"Hunter\", \"Quicksilver\", \"A Letter to Three Wives\", \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\", \"HeartBeat\", \"Covenant\", \"Two Fathers' Justice\" and \"Knots Landing\" and for singing the closing theme song for \"Big Blue Marble\", a mid-1970s syndicated children's TV program produced by her", "title": "Whitney Kershaw" }, { "id": "2973292", "text": "Planeteers\" (1990–95); Hudson on \"Gargoyles\" (1994–96); Jabba the Hutt on the radio version of \"Star Wars\"; Master Vrook from \"\" and its ; Roland Daggett on \"\" (1992–94); Cosgrove on \"Freakazoid!\"; Ed Wuncler on \"The Boondocks\" (2005–14); and Granny Goodness in various DC Comics animated series. Asner provided the voice of famed American orator Edward Everett in the 2017 documentary film \"The Gettysburg Address\". Asner provided the voice of Carl Fredricksen in the Academy Award-winning Pixar film \"Up\" (2009). He received great critical praise for the role, with one critic going so far as to suggest \"They should create a", "title": "Ed Asner" }, { "id": "17141775", "text": "Leonard Parker (actor) Leonard Rudy Parker, Jr., (born July 22, 1932) is an American actor in theater, film and television. He is known for his performance in the film \"Nothing But a Man\". Parker was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, the second of three children, to Leonard and Emily Francis Gibson Parker. He graduated from Thomas Edison High School. He studied music and voice at the Cleveland Music Settlement House. Parker joined the United States Army where he served in the Special Services unit and performed vocally with the Stuttgart military orchestra. After receiving an honorable discharge in 1954,", "title": "Leonard Parker (actor)" }, { "id": "2948929", "text": "certification in the United States. Her subsequent albums, \"Harmonium\" (2004) and \"Heroes & Thieves\" (2007), failed to match the commercial success of the first. She produced a fourth album, \"Rabbits on the Run\" (2011), independently before seeking a record label to release it. Carlton released a holiday EP titled \"Hear the Bells\" in November 2012, and released her fifth studio album, \"Liberman\", on October 23, 2015. Carlton was born in Milford, Pennsylvania, the first of three children of Edmund \"Ed\" Carlton, a pilot, and Heidi Lee, a pianist and school music teacher. Her two younger siblings are a sister, Gwen,", "title": "Vanessa Carlton" }, { "id": "956897", "text": "were released on November 26, 1957, even before the Broadway production had premiered. Produced by Nelson Riddle, it featured his orchestra and 17-year-old vocalist Sue Raney. The original cast recording was released by Capitol Records on January 20, 1958 in stereophonic & monaural versions and held the #1 spot on the Billboard charts for twelve weeks, remaining on the charts for a total of 245 weeks. The cast album was awarded \"Best Original Cast Album\" at the first Grammy Awards ceremony in 1958 and was inducted in 1998 as a Grammy Hall of Fame Award winner. In 1959, jazz composer", "title": "The Music Man" }, { "id": "12671096", "text": "at the 2017 Berlin Film Festival, with WME Global dealing with distribution rights for its North American release. Two-time Academy Award winner Jodie Foster starred in the film, alongside a strong ensemble cast, including Sterling K. Brown, Dave Bautista, Sofia Boutella, Jeff Goldblum, Jenny Slate, Charlie Day, Zachary Quinto, Brian Tyree Henry and Kenneth Choi. Filming began in Los Angeles in May 2017, and \"Hotel Artemis\" was released on June 8, 2018 in North America, by Global Road Entertainment. In March 2012, Pearce directed the music video for the song \"Rearrange\" by Miles Kane. By March 2018, it had received", "title": "Drew Pearce" }, { "id": "12070522", "text": "Rob Carlton Rob Carlton is a Logie Award winning Australian actor and writer. He is best known for writing and starring in the comedy series \"Chandon Pictures\". He also had starring roles in the comedy satire \"The Hollowmen\" and the children's television series \"Ocean Star\". Carlton has been a professional actor since the age of 14 and has appeared in many television series from \"Young Ramsay\" to \"A Country Practice\", \"Home and away\", \"Blue Heelers\", \"Water Rats\", \"Fireflies\", \"McLeod's Daughters\" and \"All Saints\". He has also appeared in many movies including \"Strange Bedfellows\", \"You Can't Stop the Murders\" and \"The", "title": "Rob Carlton" }, { "id": "4335039", "text": "Jon Heder Jonathan Joseph Heder () (born October 26, 1977) is an American actor and producer. His feature film debut came in 2004 as the title character of the comedy film \"Napoleon Dynamite\". He has also acted in the films \"The Benchwarmers\", \"School for Scoundrels\", \"Blades of Glory\", \"Mama's Boy\", \"When in Rome\", and \"Walt Before Mickey\" as Roy Disney, and provided voice talents in the animated films \"Monster House\", \"Surf's Up\" and \"Pinocchio\", as well as the \"Napoleon Dynamite\" animated series. Heder was born in Fort Collins, Colorado, the son of Helen (née Brammer) and Dr. James Heder, a", "title": "Jon Heder" }, { "id": "4770608", "text": "Peter Hansen (actor) Peter Franklin Hansen (December 5, 1921 – April 9, 2017) was an American actor, best known for his role as a lawyer Lee Baldwin, on the soap opera \"General Hospital\", playing the role from 1965 to 1976, 1977 to 1986, briefly in 1990, and again from 1992 to 2004. In 1989, he appeared in the movie \"The War of the Roses\" with Danny DeVito, Kathleen Turner, and Michael Douglas. Hansen was born on December 5, 1921 in Oakland, California. His family moved to Detroit, Michigan. Hansen served in World War II in the United States Marine Corps", "title": "Peter Hansen (actor)" }, { "id": "8713104", "text": "\"Angels in America\". Walt Disney Home Entertainment released the film in anamorphic widescreen format on Region 1 DVD on November 11, 2003. Bonus features include interviews with members of the cast and creative team. The Music Man (2003 film) The Music Man is a 2003 American television film directed by Jeff Bleckner and starring Matthew Broderick and Kristin Chenoweth. The television production, which was broadcast by ABC on the February 16, 2003, edition of \"The Wonderful World of Disney\", is based on the book of the 1957 stage musical by Meredith Willson, which was based on a story by Willson", "title": "The Music Man (2003 film)" }, { "id": "642960", "text": "Val Kilmer Val Edward Kilmer (born December 31, 1959) is an American actor. Originally a stage actor, Kilmer became popular in the mid-1980s after a string of appearances in comedy films, starting with \"Top Secret!\" (1984), then the cult classic \"Real Genius\" (1985), as well as the military action film \"Top Gun\" (1986), the fantasy film \"Willow\" (1988), and Doc Holliday in \"Tombstone\" (1993). Some of his other notable film roles include Jim Morrison in \"The Doors\" (1991), \"Mentor\" Elvis Presley in \"True Romance\" (1993), armed robber Chris Shiherlis in \"Heat\" (1995), Bruce Wayne / Batman in \"Batman Forever\" (1995),", "title": "Val Kilmer" }, { "id": "7606481", "text": "Craig Robinson (actor) Craig Phillip Robinson (born October 25, 1971) is an American actor, comedian, and singer. He is best known for his roles as Darryl Philbin on \"The Office\" (2005–2013), Doug Judy (the \"Pontiac Bandit\") on \"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\" (2013–) and Matheson in \"Pineapple Express\" (2008). Robinson has appeared in numerous other television shows and films including \"Zack and Miri Make a Porno\" (2008), \"Hot Tub Time Machine\" (2010), \"This Is the End\" (2013), and \"Sausage Party\" (2016). Robinson was born in Chicago, Illinois, to a music teacher mother and an attorney father. He was raised on the South Side", "title": "Craig Robinson (actor)" }, { "id": "350125", "text": "of you who voted for me, and to everyone who didn't: please, excuse me\", prompting more laughter and applause. Gordon won another Golden Globe for \"Rosemary's Baby\", and was nominated again, in 1971, for her role as Maude in \"Harold and Maude\" (with Bud Cort as her love interest). She went on to appear in 22 more films and at least that many television appearances through her 70s and 80s, including such successful sitcoms as \"Rhoda\" (as Carlton the unseen doorman's mother, which earned her another Emmy nomination) and \"Newhart\". She portrayed a murderous author on the 1977 episode \"Columbo:", "title": "Ruth Gordon" }, { "id": "427563", "text": "to 1971. Other members of the cast included Michelle Pfeiffer, Eva Green, Jackie Earle Haley, Bella Heathcote, Gulliver McGrath and Chloë Grace Moretz. Filming began in April 2011, with the film released on May 11, 2012. Danny Elfman once again composed and conducted the score and soundtrack for the film, and Colleen Atwood was the costume designer. It has received mixed reviews from critics, some of whom think it is a tongue-in-cheek gothic comedy, visually appealing and fitting as an adaptation of the melodramatic soap opera, whereas others think the film has a very loose plot, is not particularly humorous,", "title": "Tim Burton" }, { "id": "11622412", "text": "has been the voice of Todd Chavez on the Netflix animated series \"BoJack Horseman\", on which he is also an executive producer, and he portrayed Eddie Lane in the Hulu drama series \"The Path\" from 2016 to 2018. Aaron Paul Sturtevant was born in Emmett, Idaho, on August 27, 1979, the youngest of four children born to Darla (\"née\" Haynes) and Robert Sturtevant, a Baptist minister. He was born a month premature in his parents' bathroom. Paul attended Centennial High School in Boise, Idaho, graduating in 1998. After graduation, he drove to Los Angeles in his 1982 Toyota Corolla with", "title": "Aaron Paul" }, { "id": "14005356", "text": "Goldberg and Alex Carter, and directed by Pete Michels. It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references, in addition to receiving criticism from and being reported to the FCC by the Parents Television Council. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 7.67 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Hugh Laurie, Bobby Lee, Nana Visitor, Johnny Galecki and Jim Parsons, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. \"Business Guy\" was released on DVD along with ten other episodes from the season on December 13, 2011. The", "title": "Business Guy" }, { "id": "4349553", "text": "Tracy Morgan Tracy Jamel Morgan (born November 10, 1968) is an American actor and comedian best known for his seven seasons as a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" (1996–2003) and \"30 Rock\" (2006–2013). He was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2009 for his work on \"30 Rock\". He has appeared in numerous films as an actor and voice actor. Morgan was born in the Bronx and raised in Tompkins Houses in Bedford Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. He is the second of five children of a homemaker, Alicia (née Warden), and Jimmy Morgan, a musician who returned from military duty in", "title": "Tracy Morgan" }, { "id": "6708810", "text": "Door to Door (film) Door to Door is a 2002 television film about Bill Porter, an inspiring and successful door-to-door salesman with cerebral palsy. The film stars William H. Macy, who plays Porter, and also features Helen Mirren, Kyra Sedgwick, Michael Shanks and Kathy Baker. \"Door to Door\", directed by Steven Schachter, was produced for the TNT cable network. It was nominated for twelve and won six Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Made for Television Movie and Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie (William H. Macy). It also won a Peabody Award. Porter had been told for many years", "title": "Door to Door (film)" }, { "id": "10284371", "text": "\"New Faces of 1956\". He is best known for his portrayal of the Tin Man in the original Broadway cast of \"The Wiz\" (a role assumed by Nipsey Russell in the 1978 film adaptation). He also made several television appearances on programs such as \"The Cosby Show\" (1989) and \"In the Heat of the Night\" (1989), as well as numerous minor film appearances in films such as \"All That Jazz\" (1979) and \"Ratboy\" (1986). Tiger Haynes George \"Tiger\" Haynes (December 13, 1914 - February 14, 1994), sometimes billed as Colonel Tiger Haynes, was an American actor of musical theatre, television", "title": "Tiger Haynes" }, { "id": "3280140", "text": "Oliver, born in 1995. D'Abo also wrote and performed the title theme to \"Jonni Nitro\". She was formerly engaged to the singer Julian Lennon. Olivia d'Abo Olivia Jane d'Abo (; born 22 January 1969) is an English-American actress, voice actress, singer, and songwriter. She is known for her role as Karen Arnold, Kevin Arnold's rebellious teenage hippie sister on \"The Wonder Years\" (1988–93), and recurring villain Nicole Wallace in \"\". D'Abo was born on 22 January 1969 in London, England, the daughter of Maggie London, an English model and actress, and Mike d'Abo, an English singer and member of 1960s", "title": "Olivia d'Abo" }, { "id": "4150762", "text": "originated the role, he did when he reprised it for television. Other actors who have played the role on Broadway or in English-language cinema or television have almost all received critical acclaim. On Broadway, the role was reprised by George C. Scott (1975, Tony nomination), Dustin Hoffman (1984, Drama Desk award), Brian Dennehy (1999, Tony and Drama Desk awards), and Philip Seymour Hoffman (2012, Tony nomination). In cinema and on television, the role has also been highly acclaimed: Fredric March (1951, Golden Globe award and both Oscar and BAFTA nominations), Cobb (1966, Emmy and Grammy nominations), Rod Steiger (1966), D.", "title": "Willy Loman" }, { "id": "5752480", "text": "Burrage\"): Edgar Buchanan, Fay Roope, Rhys Williams, Jack Kruschen, Robert Burton, Ralph Moody and Bert Stevens. Several actors also played blacksmith Nels Swenson. More than 500 actors made guest appearances in more than 970 credited roles during the five-year run of the series. Guest stars included veteran actors: John Anderson, Richard Anderson, Whit Bissell, John Carradine, Lon Chaney, Jr., Ellen Corby, Sammy Davis, Jr., John Dehner, Jack Elam, Med Flory, Dabbs Greer, Rodolfo Hoyos, Jr., L.Q. Jones, John Milford, Rex Holman, Agnes Moorehead, Denver Pyle, Lee Van Cleef, and Adam West, most appearing multiple times in different roles. Several then-newcomers", "title": "The Rifleman" } ]

[ "Equal Protection Clause" ]

[ { "id": "428724", "text": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Arguably one of the most consequential amendments to this day, the amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy, which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. The amendment, particularly its first section, is one", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3687539", "text": "Equal Protection Clause The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides \"nor shall any State [...] deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws\". A primary motivation for this clause was to validate the equality provisions contained in the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which guaranteed that all citizens would have the guaranteed right to equal protection by law. As a whole, the Fourteenth Amendment marked a large shift in American constitutionalism, by applying substantially more constitutional restrictions against the", "title": "Equal Protection Clause" }, { "id": "657888", "text": "veto. The last moderate proposal was the Fourteenth Amendment, whose principal drafter was Representative John Bingham. It was designed to put the key provisions of the Civil Rights Act into the Constitution, but it went much further. It extended citizenship to everyone born in the United States (except visitors and Indians on reservations), penalized states that did not give the vote to freedmen, and most importantly, created new federal civil rights that could be protected by federal courts. It guaranteed the Federal war debt would be paid (and promised the Confederate debt would never be paid). Johnson used his influence", "title": "Reconstruction era" }, { "id": "3066337", "text": "involuntary servitude. A similar provision (called the Citizenship Clause) was written a few months later into the proposed Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 also said that any citizen has the same right that a white citizen has to make and enforce contracts, sue and be sued, give evidence in court, and inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property. Additionally, the act guaranteed to all citizens the \"full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens,", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1866" }, { "id": "428689", "text": "and Wilson, argued that Section 2 of the Thirteenth Amendment authorized the federal government to legislate civil rights for the States. Others disagreed, maintaining that inequality conditions were distinct from slavery. Seeking more substantial justification, and fearing that future opponents would again seek to overturn the legislation, Congress and the states added additional protections to the Constitution: the Fourteenth Amendment (1868) defining citizenship and mandating equal protection under the law, and the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) banning racial voting restrictions. The Freedmen's Bureau enforced the amendment locally, providing a degree of support for people subject to the Black Codes. Reciprocally, the", "title": "Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428742", "text": "The framers of the Fourteenth Amendment wanted these principles enshrined in the Constitution to protect the new Civil Rights Act from being declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court and also to prevent a future Congress from altering it by a mere majority vote. This section was also in response to violence against black people within the Southern States. The Joint Committee on Reconstruction found that only a Constitutional amendment could protect black people's rights and welfare within those states. Section 1 has been the most frequently litigated part of the amendment, and this amendment in turn has been the most", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3687549", "text": "Jersey were included in those counted as ratifying the amendment. Many historians have argued that 14th amendment was not originally intended to grant sweeping political and social rights to the citizens but instead to solidify the constitutionality of the 1866 Civil rights Act. While it is widely agreed that this was a key reason for the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, many historians adopt a much wider view. It is a popular interpretation that the Fourteenth Amendment was always meant to ensure equal rights for all those in American. This argument was used by Charles Sumner when he used the", "title": "Equal Protection Clause" }, { "id": "428730", "text": "their disenfranchisement. In 1865, Congress passed what would become the Civil Rights Act of 1866, guaranteeing citizenship without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude. The bill also guaranteed equal benefits and access to the law, a direct assault on the Black Codes passed by many post-war states. The Black Codes attempted to return ex-slaves to something like their former condition by, among other things, restricting their movement, forcing them to enter into year-long labor contracts, prohibiting them from owning firearms, and preventing them from suing or testifying in court. Although strongly urged by moderates", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428743", "text": "frequently litigated part of the Constitution. The Citizenship Clause overruled the Supreme Court's \"Dred Scott\" decision that black people were not citizens and could not become citizens, nor enjoy the benefits of citizenship. Some members of Congress voted for the Fourteenth Amendment in order to eliminate doubts about the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, or to ensure that no subsequent Congress could later repeal or alter the main provisions of that Act. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 had granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States if they were not subject to a foreign", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "8218241", "text": "rights guaranteed under the Fourteenth Amendment's privileges or immunities clause from being extended to rights under state law; and \"Plessy v. Ferguson\" in 1896 which originated the phrase \"separate but equal\" and gave federal approval to Jim Crow laws. The full benefits of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments were not realized until the Supreme Court decision in \"Brown v. Board of Education\" in 1954 and laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a", "title": "Reconstruction Amendments" }, { "id": "9787617", "text": "citizenship. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 had already granted U.S. citizenship to all persons born in the United States \"not subject to any foreign power\". The 39th Congress proposed the principle underlying the Citizenship Clause due to concerns expressed about the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act during floor debates in Congress. The framers of the Fourteenth Amendment sought to entrench the principle in the Constitution in order to prevent its being struck down by the Supreme Court or repealed by a future Congress. Section 1, Clause 1, of the Fourteenth Amendment, reads: The reference to naturalization in the", "title": "Citizenship Clause" }, { "id": "428747", "text": "United States automatically extended national citizenship. The Supreme Court held that Native Americans who voluntarily quit their tribes did not automatically gain national citizenship. The issue was resolved with the passage of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, which granted full U.S. citizenship to indigenous peoples. The Fourteenth Amendment provides that children born in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction become American citizens at birth. At the time of the amendment's passage, President Andrew Johnson and three Senators, including Trumbull, the author of the Civil Rights Act, asserted that both the Civil Rights Act and the Fourteenth Amendment", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428745", "text": "Foner, who has explored the question of U.S. birthright citizenship to other countries, argues that: During the original congressional debate over the amendment Senator Jacob M. Howard of Michigan—the author of the Citizenship Clause—described the clause as having the same content, despite different wording, as the earlier Civil Rights Act of 1866, namely, that it excludes Native Americans who maintain their tribal ties and \"persons born in the United States who are foreigners, aliens, who belong to the families of ambassadors or foreign ministers.\" According to historian Glenn W. LaFantasie of Western Kentucky University, \"A good number of his fellow", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428740", "text": "States citizenship and also protects various civil rights from being abridged or denied by any state or state actor. Abridgment or denial of those civil rights by private persons is not addressed by this amendment; the Supreme Court held in the \"Civil Rights Cases\" (1883) that the amendment was limited to \"state action\" and, therefore, did not authorize the Congress to outlaw racial discrimination by private individuals or organizations (though Congress can sometimes reach such discrimination via other parts of the Constitution). U.S. Supreme Court Justice Joseph P. Bradley commented in the Civil Rights Cases that \"individual invasion of individual", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428809", "text": "the previous Three-Fifths Compromise, the Southern states would dramatically increase their power in the population-based House of Representatives. Republicans hoped to offset this advantage by attracting and protecting votes of the newly enfranchised black population. In 1865, Congress passed what would become the Civil Rights Act of 1866, guaranteeing citizenship without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude. The bill also guaranteed equal benefits and access to the law, a direct assault on the Black Codes passed by many post-war Southern states. The Black Codes attempted to return ex-slaves to something like their former condition", "title": "Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "483222", "text": "of association amidst growing authoritarianism. The Constitution of Canada includes the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which guarantees many of the same rights as the U.S. constitution, with the notable exceptions of protection against establishment of religion. However, the Charter does protect freedom of religion. The Charter also omits any mention of, or protection for, property. The United States Constitution, especially its Bill of Rights, protects civil liberties. The passage of the Fourteenth Amendment further protected civil liberties by introducing the Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection Clause. Human rights within the United States are", "title": "Civil liberties" }, { "id": "428811", "text": "measure became law. This was the first time in American history that Congress was able to muster the votes necessary to override a presidential veto. Despite this victory, even some Republicans who had supported the goals of the Civil Rights Act began to doubt that Congress possessed the constitutional power to turn those goals into laws. The experience encouraged both radical and moderate Republicans to seek Constitutional guarantees for black rights, rather than relying on temporary political majorities. On June 18, 1866, Congress adopted the Fourteenth Amendment, which guaranteed citizenship and equal protection under the laws regardless of race, and", "title": "Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428764", "text": "believed that it would ensure that the states would be required to recognize the same individual rights as the federal government; all of these rights were likely understood as falling within the \"privileges or immunities\" safeguarded by the amendment. By the latter half of the 20th century, nearly all of the rights in the Bill of Rights had been applied to the states. The Supreme Court has held that the amendment's Due Process Clause incorporates all of the substantive protections of the First, Second, Fourth, Fifth (except for its Grand Jury Clause) and Sixth Amendments and the Cruel and Unusual", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3109636", "text": "readopted by Congress during the Civil Rights Movement as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968. The 1964 and 1968 acts relied upon the Commerce Clause contained in of the Constitution of the United States rather than the Equal Protection Clause within the Fourteenth Amendment. Civil Rights Act of 1875 The Civil Rights Act of 1875 (–337), sometimes called Enforcement Act or Force Act, was a United States federal law enacted during the Reconstruction Era in response to civil rights violations to African Americans, \"to protect all citizens in their civil and", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1875" }, { "id": "3089061", "text": "born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed\". Concerns were raised that the citizenship guarantee in the Civil Rights Act might be repealed by a later Congress or struck down as unconstitutional by the courts. Soon after the passage of the Act, Congress drafted the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution and sent it to the states for ratification (a process which was completed in 1868). Among the Fourteenth Amendment's many provisions was the Citizenship Clause, which entrenched a guarantee of citizenship in the Constitution by stating, \"All persons born or naturalized in", "title": "United States v. Wong Kim Ark" }, { "id": "427879", "text": "slaves had been declared free by the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation, their post Civil War status was unclear, as was the status of other millions. Congress intended the Thirteenth Amendment to be a proclamation of freedom for all slaves throughout the nation and to take the question of emancipation away from politics. This amendment rendered inoperative or moot several of the original parts of the constitution. The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) granted United States citizenship to former slaves and to all persons \"subject to U.S. jurisdiction\". It also contained three new limits on state power: a state shall not violate a citizen's", "title": "United States Constitution" }, { "id": "1299089", "text": "Act of 1964. Black American plaintiffs, in five cases from lower courts, sued theaters, hotels and transit companies that refused to admit them, or had excluded them from \"white only\" facilities. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 had been passed by Congress and entitled everyone to access accommodation, public transport, and theatres regardless of race or color. This followed the American Civil War (1860–1865), President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation (1 January 1863) to end slavery, and the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution (9 July 1868) which reads \"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the", "title": "Civil Rights Cases" }, { "id": "428688", "text": "laws did not target Blacks specifically, but instead affected farm workers, most of whom were Black. At the same time, many states passed laws to actively prevent Blacks from acquiring property. As its first enforcement legislation, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, guaranteeing black Americans citizenship and equal protection of the law, though not the right to vote. The amendment was also used as authorizing several Freedmen's Bureau bills. President Andrew Johnson vetoed these bills, but Congress overrode his vetoes to pass the Civil Rights Act and the Second Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Proponents of the Act, including Trumbull", "title": "Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "14303", "text": "The amendment was designed to put the key provisions of the Civil Rights Act into the Constitution, but also went further. The amendment extended citizenship to every person born in the United States (except Indians on reservations), penalized states that did not give the vote to freedmen, and most importantly, created new federal civil rights that could be protected by federal courts. It also guaranteed that the federal debt would be paid and forbade repayment of Confederate war debts. Further, it disqualified many former Confederates from office, although the disability could be removed—by Congress, not the president. Both houses passed", "title": "Andrew Johnson" }, { "id": "3109634", "text": "editorials finds the press was overwhelmingly opposed. The Supreme Court, in an 8–1 decision, declared sections of the act unconstitutional in the \"Civil Rights Cases\" on October 15, 1883. Justice John Marshall Harlan provided the lone dissent. The Court held the Equal Protection Clause within the Fourteenth Amendment prohibits discrimination by the state and local government, but it does not give the federal government the power to prohibit discrimination by private individuals and organizations. The Court also held that the Thirteenth Amendment was meant to eliminate \"the badge of slavery,\" but not to prohibit racial discrimination in public accommodations. The", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1875" }, { "id": "428731", "text": "in Congress to sign the bill, President Andrew Johnson vetoed it on March 27, 1866. In his veto message, he objected to the measure because it conferred citizenship on the freedmen at a time when 11 out of 36 states were unrepresented in the Congress, and that it discriminated in favor of African-Americans and against whites. Three weeks later, Johnson's veto was overridden and the measure became law. Despite this victory, even some Republicans who had supported the goals of the Civil Rights Act began to doubt that Congress really possessed constitutional power to turn those goals into laws. The", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3066343", "text": "actually purports to confer any legal benefits upon white citizens. Representative Samuel Shellabarger said that it did not. After enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 by overriding a presidential veto, some members of Congress supported the Fourteenth Amendment in order to eliminate doubts about the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, or to ensure that no subsequent Congress could later repeal or alter the main provisions of that Act. Thus, the Citizenship Clause in the Fourteenth Amendment parallels citizenship language in the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and likewise the Equal Protection Clause parallels nondiscrimination language", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1866" }, { "id": "1452108", "text": "Slaughter-House Cases The Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1873), was the first United States Supreme Court interpretation of the U.S. Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment which had recently been enacted. It was a pivotal case in early civil rights law and held that the Fourteenth Amendment protects the privileges or immunities of citizenship of the United States, not privileges and immunities of citizenship of a state. However, as the federal rights of citizenship were then few, such as the right to travel between states and to use navigable rivers, the amendment did not protect the far broader range of rights", "title": "Slaughter-House Cases" }, { "id": "428763", "text": "not necessarily include provisions comparable to the Bill of Rights. In \"Barron v. Baltimore\" (1833), the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the Bill of Rights restrained only the federal government, not the states. However, the Supreme Court has subsequently held that most provisions of the Bill of Rights apply to the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment under a doctrine called \"incorporation.\" Whether incorporation was intended by the amendment's framers, such as John Bingham, has been debated by legal historians. According to legal scholar Akhil Reed Amar, the framers and early supporters of the Fourteenth Amendment", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "2734047", "text": "of Rights reserves for the people any rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution and reserves all powers not specifically granted to the federal government to the people or the States. Amendments to the Constitution subsequent to the Bill of Rights cover a wide range of subjects. Several have added significant content to the original document. One of the most far-reaching is the Fourteenth, ratified in 1868, which establishes a clear and simple definition of citizenship and guarantees equal treatment under the law. Also significant are the Fifteenth, Nineteenth, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-sixth, which were enacted to extend the right to", "title": "History of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3918300", "text": "states to maintain slavery, reserve the vote to white, property owning men, and enabling employers to refuse employment to anyone. After the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 in the American Civil War, the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments attempted to enshrined equal civil rights for everyone, while the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and 1875 spelled out that everyone had the right to make contracts, hold property and access accommodation, transport and entertainment without discrimination. However, in 1883 the US Supreme Court in the \"Civil Rights Cases\" put an end to development by declaring that Congress was not allowed to regulate", "title": "United States labor law" }, { "id": "428725", "text": "of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark decisions such as \"Brown v. Board of Education\" (1954) regarding racial segregation, \"Miranda v. Arizona\" (1966) regarding that one can be tried only when they know their rights, \"Roe v. Wade\" (1973) regarding abortion, \"Bush v. Gore\" (2000) regarding the 2000 presidential election, and \"Obergefell v. Hodges\" (2015) regarding same-sex marriage. The amendment limits the actions of all state and local officials, including those acting on behalf of such an official. The amendment's first section includes several clauses: the Citizenship Clause, Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "2432764", "text": "the Civil Rights Act of 1875, a statute that prohibited racial discrimination in public accommodation. It again held that the Equal Protection Clause applied only to acts done by states, not to those done by private individuals, and as the Civil Rights Act of 1875 applied to private establishments, the Court said, it exceeded congressional enforcement power under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment. By the beginning of the 20th century, greater cooperation began to develop between the state and federal governments and the federal government began to accumulate more power. Early in this period, a federal income tax was", "title": "States' rights" }, { "id": "428741", "text": "rights is not the subject-matter of the [Fourteenth] Amendment. It has a deeper and broader scope. It nullifies and makes void all state legislation, and state action of every kind, which impairs the privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States, or which injures them in life, liberty or property without due process of law, or which denies to any of them the equal protection of the laws.\" The Radical Republicans who advanced the Thirteenth Amendment hoped to ensure broad civil and human rights for the newly freed people—but its scope was disputed before it even went into effect.", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "1568602", "text": "citizens equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment, and its duty to protect voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment. The legislation had been proposed by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in June 1963, but opposed by filibuster in the Senate. After Kennedy was assassinated in November 1963, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson pushed the bill forward, which in its final form was passed in the U.S. Congress by a Senate vote of 73–27 and House vote of 289–126. The Act was signed into law by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964, at the White House.", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1964" }, { "id": "8218239", "text": "be extended to the entire populace, including the former slaves and their descendants. The Thirteenth Amendment (proposed in 1864 and ratified in 1865) abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except for those duly convicted of a crime. The Fourteenth Amendment (proposed in 1866 and ratified in 1868) addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws for all persons. The Fifteenth Amendment (proposed in 1869 and ratified in 1870) prohibits discrimination in voting rights of citizens on the basis of \"race, color, or previous condition of servitude\". All races, regardless of prior slavery, could vote in some states of the early", "title": "Reconstruction Amendments" }, { "id": "3687545", "text": "every race and color ... [have] full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property, as is enjoyed by white citizens.\" President Andrew Johnson vetoed the Civil Rights bill of 1866 amid concerns (among other things) that Congress did not have the constitutional authority to pass such a law. Such doubts were one factor that led Congress to begin to draft and debate what would become the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Moreover, Congress wanted to protect white Unionists who were under personal and legal attack in the former Confederacy. The", "title": "Equal Protection Clause" }, { "id": "4305043", "text": "appendix that quoted extensively from Bingham's congressional testimony. Though the Adamson Court declined to adopt Black's interpretation, the Court for the next 25 years, used a doctrine of selective incorporation that eventually extended the protections in the Bill of Rights as well as other, unenumerated rights. Ohio ratified the Fourteenth Amendment on January 4, 1867, but Bingham continued to explain its extension of citizenship during the fall election season. The Fourteenth Amendment has vastly expanded civil rights protections and has come to be cited in more litigation than any other amendment to the Constitution. President Ulysses Grant then appointed his", "title": "John Bingham" }, { "id": "2382209", "text": "and to serve in the United States Congress was established after the Civil War by amendments to the Constitution. The Thirteenth Amendment (ratified December 6, 1865), abolished slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment (ratified July 9, 1868) made all people born or naturalized in the United States citizens. The Fifteenth Amendment (ratified February 3, 1870) forbade the denial or abridgment of the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, and gave Congress the power to enforce the law by appropriate legislation. In 1866, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act and the four Reconstruction Acts, which dissolved", "title": "African Americans in the United States Congress" }, { "id": "4902980", "text": "Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, 427 U.S. 445 (1976), was a United States Supreme Court decision that determined that the U.S. Congress has the power to abrogate the Eleventh Amendment sovereign immunity of the states, if this is done pursuant to its Fourteenth Amendment power to enforce upon the states the guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1972, Congress amended Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 2000e, Chapter 21, Subchapter VI) to allow individuals to sue state governments for money damages for discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The", "title": "Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer" }, { "id": "594113", "text": "Nobel Peace Prize for his role in non-violent, moral leadership. However, some scholars note that the movement was too diverse to be credited to any one person, organization, or strategy. Before the American Civil War, almost four million blacks were enslaved in the South, only white men of property could vote, and the Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U.S. citizenship to whites only. But some free states of the North extended the franchise and other rights of citizenship to African Americans. Following the Civil War, three constitutional amendments were passed, including the 13th Amendment (1865) that ended slavery; the 14th", "title": "Civil rights movement" }, { "id": "428791", "text": "because radical Republicans foresaw that states would be able to use ostensibly race-neutral criteria, such as educational and property qualifications, to disenfranchise the freed slaves without negative consequence. So the amendment was changed to penalize states in which the vote was denied to male citizens over twenty-one for \"any\" reason other than participation in crime. Later, the Fifteenth Amendment was adopted to guarantee the right to vote could not be denied based on race or color. The effect of Section 2 was twofold: The first reapportionment after the enactment of the Fourteenth Amendment occurred in 1873, based on the 1870", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3066341", "text": "was the Senate sponsor of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and he argued that Congress had power to enact it in order to eliminate a discriminatory \"badge of servitude\" prohibited by the Thirteenth Amendment. Representative John Bingham, principal author of the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment, was one of several Republicans who believed (prior to that Amendment) that Congress lacked power to pass the 1866 Act. In the 20th century, the U.S. Supreme Court ultimately adopted Trumbull's Thirteenth Amendment rationale for congressional power to ban racial discrimination by states and by private parties, in view of the fact", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1866" }, { "id": "428734", "text": "debated and several amendments to it were proposed. Amendments to Sections 2, 3, and 4 were adopted on June 8, 1866, and the modified resolution passed by a 33 to 11 vote (5 absent, not voting). The House agreed to the Senate amendments on June 13 by a 138–36 vote (10 not voting). A concurrent resolution requesting the President to transmit the proposal to the executives of the several states was passed by both houses of Congress on June 18. The Radical Republicans were satisfied that they had secured civil rights for blacks, but were disappointed that the amendment would", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3109630", "text": "Civil Rights Act of 1875 The Civil Rights Act of 1875 (–337), sometimes called Enforcement Act or Force Act, was a United States federal law enacted during the Reconstruction Era in response to civil rights violations to African Americans, \"to protect all citizens in their civil and legal rights\", giving them equal treatment in public accommodations, public transportation, and to prohibit exclusion from jury service. The bill was passed by the 43rd United States Congress and signed into law by U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant on March 1, 1875. The law was generally opposed by public opinion, but blacks did", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1875" }, { "id": "3066333", "text": "Civil Rights Act of 1866 The Civil Rights Act of 1866, , enacted April 9, 1866, was the first United States federal law to define citizenship and affirm that all citizens are equally protected by the law. It was mainly intended, in the wake of the American Civil War, to protect the civil rights of persons of African descent born in or brought to the United States. This legislation was passed by Congress in 1865 and vetoed by U.S. President Andrew Johnson. In April 1866 Congress again passed the bill to support the Thirteenth Amendment. Johnson again vetoed it, but", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1866" }, { "id": "1568601", "text": "Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 () is a landmark civil rights and U.S. labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations. Powers given to enforce the act were initially weak, but were supplemented during later years. Congress asserted its authority to legislate under several different parts of the United States Constitution, principally its power to regulate interstate commerce under Article One (section 8), its duty to guarantee all", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1964" }, { "id": "428804", "text": "Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government and each state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's \"race, color, or previous condition of servitude\". It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments. In the final years of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era that followed, Congress repeatedly debated the rights of the millions of former black slaves. By 1869, amendments had been passed to abolish slavery and provide citizenship and equal", "title": "Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3687550", "text": "14th amendment as the basis for his arguments to expand the protections afforded to Black Americans. Though the equal protection clause is one of the most cited ideas in legal theory, it received little attention during the ratification of the 14th amendment. Instead the key tenant of the Fourteenth Amendment at the time of its ratification was the Privileges and Immunities Clause. This clause sought to protect the privileges and immunities of all citizens which now included Black men. The scope of this clause was substantially narrowed following the Slaughterhouse Cases in which it was determined that a citizen's privileges", "title": "Equal Protection Clause" }, { "id": "8218238", "text": "Reconstruction Amendments The Reconstruction Amendments are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War. The last time the Constitution had been amended was with the Twelfth Amendment more than 60 years earlier in 1804. The Reconstruction amendments were important in implementing the Reconstruction of the American South after the war. Their proponents saw them as transforming the United States from a country that was (in Abraham Lincoln's words) \"half slave and half free\" to one in which the constitutionally guaranteed \"blessings of liberty\" would", "title": "Reconstruction Amendments" }, { "id": "428777", "text": "though not citizens of the United States or Texas, are people \"in any ordinary sense of the term\" and, therefore, are afforded Fourteenth Amendment protections. In \"Hernandez v. Texas\" (1954), the Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment protects those beyond the racial classes of white or \"Negro\" and extends to other racial and ethnic groups, such as Mexican Americans in this case. In the half-century following \"Brown\", the Court extended the reach of the Equal Protection Clause to other historically disadvantaged groups, such as women and illegitimate children, although it has applied a somewhat less stringent standard than it has", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "8218244", "text": "Constitution was proposed by Congress on June 13, 1866. By July 9, 1868, it had received ratifications by the legislatures of the required number of states in order to officially become the Fourteenth Amendment. On July 20, 1868, Secretary of State William Seward certified that it had been ratified and added to the federal Constitution. The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to treatment of freedmen following the war. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by Southern states, which were forced to ratify it in order to return", "title": "Reconstruction Amendments" }, { "id": "1299118", "text": "a principle of republicanism.' And in \"Ex parte Virginia\", 100 U. S. 344, the emphatic language of this court is that 'one great purpose of these amendments was to raise the colored race from that condition of inferiority and servitude in which most of them had previously stood, into perfect equality of civil rights with all other persons within the jurisdiction of the states.' So, in \"Strauder v. West Virginia\", Id. 306, the court, alluding to the fourteenth amendment, said: 'This is one of a series of constitutional provisions having a common purpose, namely, securing to a race recently emancipated,", "title": "Civil Rights Cases" }, { "id": "1299090", "text": "privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.\" To implement the principles in the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress had specified that people could not be discriminated against on grounds of race or color in access to services offered to the general public. The business owners contended that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was itself unconstitutional, and an Act of Congress should not be able to interfere with their", "title": "Civil Rights Cases" }, { "id": "4305805", "text": "of no elections.\" The 14th Amendment has vastly expanded civil rights protections and is cited in more litigation than any other amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In the 1940s and 1960s the Supreme Court gradually issued a series of decisions incorporating several of the specific rights from the Bill of Rights, so as to be binding upon the States. A dissenting school of thought championed by Justice Hugo Black supported that incorporation of specific rights, but urged incorporation of all specific rights instead of just some of them. Black was for so-called mechanical incorporation, or total incorporation, of Amendments 1", "title": "Incorporation of the Bill of Rights" }, { "id": "2711049", "text": "Civil Rights Act of 1875, holding that the act exceeded Congressional powers. Only Harlan dissented, vigorously, charging that the majority had subverted the Reconstruction Amendments: \"The substance and spirit of the recent amendments of the constitution have been sacrificed by a subtle and ingenious verbal criticism.\" Harlan voted with the majority in \"Pace v. Alabama\" (1883), which ruled that anti-miscegenation laws are constitutional; this case was not reversed until \"Loving v. Virginia\" (1966). Harlan was the first justice to argue that the Fourteenth Amendment incorporated the Bill of Rights (making rights guarantees applicable to the individual states), in \"Hurtado v.", "title": "John Marshall Harlan" }, { "id": "4305796", "text": "and Second Amendment did not apply to state governments. However, beginning in the 1920s, a series of United States Supreme Court decisions interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to \"incorporate\" most portions of the Bill of Rights, making these portions, for the first time, enforceable against the state governments. The United States Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the oftentimes bitter 1787–88 battle over ratification of the United States Constitution, and crafted to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms", "title": "Incorporation of the Bill of Rights" }, { "id": "428753", "text": "government, the right to peaceably assemble and petition the government, the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, and the right to participate in the government's administration. This decision has not been overruled and has been specifically reaffirmed several times. Largely as a result of the narrowness of the \"Slaughter-House\" opinion, this clause subsequently lay dormant for well over a century. In \"Saenz v. Roe\" (1999), the Court ruled that a component of the \"right to travel\" is protected by the Privileges or Immunities Clause: Justice Miller actually wrote in the \"Slaughter-House Cases\" that the right to become a citizen", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428756", "text": "Fourteenth Amendment also incorporates most of the provisions in the Bill of Rights, which were originally applied against only the federal government, and applies them against the states. Beginning with \"Allgeyer v. Louisiana\" (1897), the Court interpreted the Due Process Clause as providing substantive protection to private contracts, thus prohibiting a variety of social and economic regulation; this principle was referred to as \"freedom of contract.\" Thus, the Court struck down a law decreeing maximum hours for workers in a bakery in \"Lochner v. New York\" (1905) and struck down a minimum wage law in \"Adkins v. Children's Hospital\" (1923).", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3066338", "text": "and ... like punishment, pains, and penalties...\" Persons who denied these rights on account of race or previous enslavement were guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction faced a fine not exceeding $1,000, or imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both. The act used language very similar to that of the Equal Protection Clause in the newly proposed Fourteenth Amendment. In particular, the act discussed the need to provide \"reasonable protection to all persons in their constitutional rights of equality before the law, without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude, except as a", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1866" }, { "id": "3066336", "text": "York, Illinois, or most of the States of the Union. On April 5, 1866, the Senate overrode President Johnson's veto. This marked the first time that the U.S. Congress ever overrode a presidential veto for a major piece of legislation. With an incipit of \"An Act to protect all Persons in the United States in their Civil Rights, and furnish the Means of their vindication\", the act declared that all people born in the United States who are not subject to any foreign power are entitled to be citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery or", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1866" }, { "id": "3250347", "text": "Civil Rights Act of 1957 The Civil Rights Act of 1957, , a federal voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. Its purpose was to show the federal government's support for racial equality after the US Supreme Court's 1954 decision in \"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka\". Opposition to the Act, including the longest one-person filibuster in U.S. history, limited its immediate impact. The Act, however, paved the way for a series of more effective civil rights bills in the 1960s. Following the", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1957" }, { "id": "428726", "text": "Clause, and Equal Protection Clause. The Citizenship Clause provides a broad definition of citizenship, nullifying the Supreme Court's decision in \"Dred Scott v. Sandford\" (1857), which had held that Americans descended from African slaves could not be citizens of the United States. Since the \"Slaughter-House Cases\" (1873), the Privileges or Immunities Clause has been interpreted to do very little. The Due Process Clause prohibits state and local government officials from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without legislative authorization. This clause has also been used by the federal judiciary to make most of the Bill of Rights applicable to", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "427880", "text": "privileges or immunities; shall not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; and must guarantee all persons equal protection of the laws. These limitations dramatically expanded the protections of the Constitution. This amendment, according to the Supreme Court's Doctrine of Incorporation, makes most provisions of the Bill of Rights applicable to state and local governments as well. It superseded the mode of apportionment of representatives delineated in Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3, and also overturned the Supreme Court's decision in \"Dred Scott v. Sandford\". The Fifteenth Amendment (1870) prohibits the use of race,", "title": "United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428705", "text": "amendments, it is necessary to look to the purpose which we have said was the pervading spirit of them all, the evil which they were designed to remedy, and the process of continued addition to the Constitution, until that purpose was supposed to be accomplished, as far as constitutional law can accomplish it. In the \"Civil Rights Cases\" (1883), the Supreme Court reviewed five consolidated cases dealing with the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which outlawed racial discrimination at \"inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement\". The Court ruled that the Thirteenth Amendment", "title": "Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "4902983", "text": "against them. Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, 427 U.S. 445 (1976), was a United States Supreme Court decision that determined that the U.S. Congress has the power to abrogate the Eleventh Amendment sovereign immunity of the states, if this is done pursuant to its Fourteenth Amendment power to enforce upon the states the guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1972, Congress amended Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. § 2000e, Chapter 21, Subchapter VI) to allow individuals to sue state governments for money damages for discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national", "title": "Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer" }, { "id": "428801", "text": "obliged \"to prioritize incoming revenues to pay the public debt: interest on government bonds and any other 'vested' obligations. What falls into the latter category is not entirely clear, but a large number of other government obligations—and certainly payments for future services—would not count and would have to be sacrificed. This might include, for example, Social Security payments.\" Section 5, also known as the Enforcement Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, enables Congress to pass laws enforcing the amendment's other provisions. In the \"Civil Rights Cases\" (1883), the Supreme Court interpreted Section 5 narrowly, stating that \"the legislation which Congress is", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "1299135", "text": "the Civil Rights Act of 1875, but under the Commerce Clause of Article I instead of the 14th Amendment; the Court held it to be constitutional in \"Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States\", . Civil Rights Cases The Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883), were a group of five US Supreme Court constitutional law cases. Against the famous dissent of Justice Harlan, a majority held the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional, because Congress lacked authority to regulate private affairs under the Fourteenth Amendment, and that the Thirteenth Amendment \"merely abolishes slavery\". The Civil Rights Act of", "title": "Civil Rights Cases" }, { "id": "3918156", "text": "American Civil War was the result. President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 made abolition of slavery a war aim, and the Thirteenth Amendment of 1865 enshrined the abolition of most forms of slavery in the Constitution. Former slave owners were further prevented from holding people in involuntary servitude for debt by the Peonage Act of 1867. In 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment ensured equal access to justice, and the Fifteenth Amendment required that everyone would have the right to vote. The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was also meant to ensure equality in access to housing and transport, but in the", "title": "United States labor law" }, { "id": "10868601", "text": "(i.e. the Confederacy), it did not end slavery as an institution. Abolition of all slavery (affecting four million people in the South, including Border States that had stayed in the Union) was achieved with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Fourteenth Amendment gave ex-slaves full citizenship in the United States. The Fifteenth Amendment gave voting rights to adult males among the free people; as only adult males had the franchise among whites. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments are known as the \"civil rights amendments\", the \"post-Civil War amendments\", and the \"Reconstruction Amendments\". To", "title": "Freedman" }, { "id": "182251", "text": "states' secession and the American Civil War. During the reconstruction period immediately following the war, several amendments to the United States Constitution were made. These included the 13th amendment, banning slavery, the 14th amendment, assuring full citizenship and civil rights to all people born in the United States, and the 15th amendment, guaranteeing African Americans the right to vote. In Russia, the reformer Tsar Alexander II ended serfdom in 1861, although the freed serfs often faced restrictions of their mobility within the nation. Many groups and movements have achieved profound social changes over the course of the 20th century in", "title": "Human rights" }, { "id": "739809", "text": "ex-Confederate states, the powers of the federal government needed to prevent a future civil war, and the question of whether Congress or the President would make the major decisions. The severe threats of starvation and displacement of the unemployed Freedmen were met by the first major federal relief agency, the Freedmen's Bureau, operated by the Army. Three \"Reconstruction Amendments\" were passed to expand civil rights for black Americans: the Thirteenth Amendment outlawed slavery; the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed equal rights for all and citizenship for blacks; the Fifteenth Amendment prevented race from being used to disfranchise men. Ex-Confederates remained in control", "title": "History of the United States" }, { "id": "10018702", "text": "Judicial aspects of race in the United States Race legislation in the United States is defined as legislation seeking to direct relations between races or ethnic groups. It has had several historical phases in the United States, developing from the European colonization of the Americas, the triangular slave trade, and the American Indian Wars. The 1776 Declaration of Independence included the statement that \"all men are created equal,\" which has ultimately inspired actions and legislation against slavery and racial discrimination. Such actions have led to passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the United States Constitution. The first", "title": "Judicial aspects of race in the United States" }, { "id": "3687560", "text": "since the jury had been \"drawn from a panel from which the State has expressly excluded every man of [the defendant's] race.\" At the same time, the Court explicitly allowed sexism and other types of discrimination, saying that states \"may confine the selection to males, to freeholders, to citizens, to persons within certain ages, or to persons having educational qualifications. We do not believe the Fourteenth Amendment was ever intended to prohibit this. ... Its aim was against discrimination because of race or color.\" The next important postwar case was the \"Civil Rights Cases\" (1883), in which the constitutionality of", "title": "Equal Protection Clause" }, { "id": "1299119", "text": "a race that through many generations had been held in slavery, all the civil rights that the superior race enjoy.' Again, in \"Neal v. Delaware\", 103 U. S. 386, it was ruled that this amendment was designed, primarily, 'to secure to the colored race, thereby invested with the rights, privileges, and responsibilities of citizenship, the enjoyment of all the civil rights that, under the law, are enjoyed by white persons.' This court has always given a broad and liberal construction to the constitution, so as to enable congress, by legislation, to enforce rights secured by that instrument. The legislation congress", "title": "Civil Rights Cases" }, { "id": "661418", "text": "Voting Rights Act of 1965 The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the Civil Rights Movement on August 6, 1965, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections. Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Act secured the right to vote for racial minorities throughout the country, especially in the South. According to the", "title": "Voting Rights Act of 1965" }, { "id": "1299098", "text": "white citizens, or because they were subjected to discriminations in the enjoyment of accommodations in inns, public conveyances, and places of amusement. Mere discriminations on account of race or color were not regarded as badges of slavery ... Justice Harlan dissented against the Court's narrow interpretation of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments for all five of the cases. He argued Congress was attempting to overcome the refusal of the states to protect the rights denied to African Americans that white citizens took as their birthright. Private railroads (\"Olcott v. Supervisors\") were by law public highways, and it was the function", "title": "Civil Rights Cases" }, { "id": "428902", "text": "a focus of the convention, however, and its advancement was minimal in the decades preceding the Civil War. While suffrage bills were introduced into most state legislatures during this period, they were generally disregarded and few came to a vote. The women's suffrage movement took hold after the Civil War, during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877). During this period, women's rights leaders advocated for inclusion of universal suffrage as a civil right in the Reconstruction Amendments (the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments). Despite their efforts, these amendments did nothing to promote women's suffrage. Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment explicitly discriminated", "title": "Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3942450", "text": "Fourteenth Amendment, and its duty to protect voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment. The final version of Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed into law later on that same day by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964, at the White House. In April 1971, U.S. Representative Olin Teague of Texas introduced a bill to create five medical schools in conjunction with established VA hospitals and U.S. Senator Alan Cranston of California introduced a companion bill within the U.S. Senate. Known as the Teague-Cranston Act, the federal legislative proposal called for the creation of five new medical schools", "title": "Jimmy Quillen" }, { "id": "428818", "text": "very end.\" One source of opposition to the proposed amendment was the women's suffrage movement, which before and during the Civil War had made common cause with the abolitionist movement. However, with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, which had explicitly protected only male citizens in its second section, activists found the civil rights of women divorced from those of blacks. Matters came to a head with the proposal of the Fifteenth Amendment, which barred race discrimination but not sex discrimination in voter laws. After an acrimonious debate, the American Equal Rights Association, the nation's leading suffragist group, split into", "title": "Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "8218248", "text": "This clause was the basis for the US Supreme Court's ruling in \"Brown v. Board of Education\" (1954), that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, and its prohibition of laws against interracial marriage, in its ruling in \"Loving v. Virginia\" (1967). This amendment was the foundation of elements of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (this also relied on the 15th Amendment), legislation to end legal segregation in the states and to provide for oversight and enforcement by the federal government of citizens' rights to vote without discrimination. It has also been", "title": "Reconstruction Amendments" }, { "id": "428732", "text": "experience also encouraged both radical and moderate Republicans to seek Constitutional guarantees for black rights, rather than relying on temporary political majorities. Over 70 proposals for an amendment were drafted. In late 1865, the Joint Committee on Reconstruction proposed an amendment stating that any citizens barred from voting on the basis of race by a state would not be counted for purposes of representation of that state. This amendment passed the House, but was blocked in the Senate by a coalition of Radical Republicans led by Charles Sumner, who believed the proposal a \"compromise with wrong\", and Democrats opposed to", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "427805", "text": "The majority of the seventeen later amendments expand individual civil rights protections. Others address issues related to federal authority or modify government processes and procedures. Amendments to the United States Constitution, unlike ones made to many constitutions worldwide, are appended to the document. All four pages of the original U.S. Constitution are written on parchment. According to the United States Senate: \"The Constitution's first three words—\"We the People\"—affirm that the government of the United States exists to serve its citizens. For over two centuries the Constitution has remained in force because its framers wisely separated and balanced governmental powers to", "title": "United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428653", "text": "of statutes continued to subject some black Americans to involuntary labor, particularly in the South. In contrast to the other Reconstruction Amendments, the Thirteenth Amendment was rarely cited in later case law, but has been used to strike down peonage and some race-based discrimination as \"badges and incidents of slavery.\" The Thirteenth Amendment applies to the actions of private citizens, while the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments apply only to state actors. The Thirteenth Amendment also enables Congress to pass laws against sex trafficking and other modern forms of slavery. Slavery existed in all of the original thirteen British North American", "title": "Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "5456822", "text": "in the North and 18% in the South. After the Civil War, the 13th amendment in 1865, formally abolishing slavery, was ratified. Furthermore, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which broadened a range of civil rights to all persons born in the United States. Despite this, the emergence of \"Black Codes\", sanctioned acts of subjugation against blacks, continued to bar African-Americans from due civil rights. The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U.S. citizenship to whites only, and in 1868 the effort toward civil rights was underscored with the 14th amendment which granted citizenship to blacks. The Civil Rights", "title": "Racism in the United States" }, { "id": "428744", "text": "power, and this clause of the Fourteenth Amendment constitutionalized this rule. There are varying interpretations of the original intent of Congress and of the ratifying states, based on statements made during the congressional debate over the amendment, as well as the customs and understandings prevalent at that time. Some of the major issues that have arisen about this clause are the extent to which it included Native Americans, its coverage of non-citizens legally present in the United States when they have a child, whether the clause allows revocation of citizenship, and whether the clause applies to illegal immigrants. Historian Eric", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "18112455", "text": "a petition to the U.S. Supreme Court. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy filed a brief for Simkins and the other plaintiffs, but the Supreme Court denied the case. According to Karen Kruse Thomas, the \"Simkins v. Cone\" (1963) \"decision marked the first time that federal courts applied the Equal Protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to prohibit racial discrimination by a private entity\" (Encyclopedia of N.C., p. 1038). The year after the Simkins decision, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, officially prohibiting private discrimination in public places. Heralded by many as a landmark case, Simkins became the Brown", "title": "George Simkins Jr." }, { "id": "5633768", "text": "According to the Supreme Court, enumerated rights that are incorporated are so fundamental that any law restricting such a right must both serve a compelling state purpose and be narrowly tailored to that compelling purpose. The original interpretation of the United States Bill of Rights was that only the Federal Government was bound by it. In 1835, the U.S. Supreme Court in \"Barron v Baltimore\" unanimously ruled that the Bill of Rights did not apply to the states. During post-Civil War Reconstruction, the 14th Amendment was adopted in 1868 to rectify this condition, and to specifically apply the whole of", "title": "Fundamental rights" }, { "id": "3066340", "text": "the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind, and to no other. This section of the United States Code (42 U.S.C. §1981), is §1 of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 as revised and amended by subsequent Acts of Congress. Senator Lyman Trumbull", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1866" }, { "id": "476339", "text": "constitution gave blacks equal protection under the law. In the 1960s, Americans who knew only the potential of \"equal protection of the laws\" expected the president, the Congress, and the courts to fulfill the promise of the 14th Amendment. Martin Luther King Jr. Civil and political rights Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression. Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples' physical and mental", "title": "Civil and political rights" }, { "id": "1568656", "text": "the list of public accommodations covered.\" The Americans with Disabilities Act extended \"the principle of nondiscrimination to people with disabilities\", an idea unsought in the United States before the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Act also influenced later civil rights legislation, such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968, aiding not only African Americans, but also women. Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 () is a landmark civil rights and U.S. labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color,", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1964" }, { "id": "3250363", "text": "to vote and from voting, established record-keeping and oversight, and provided for federal enforcement in areas with documented patterns of discrimination or low voter turnout. Civil Rights Act of 1957 The Civil Rights Act of 1957, , a federal voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. Its purpose was to show the federal government's support for racial equality after the US Supreme Court's 1954 decision in \"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka\". Opposition to the Act, including the longest one-person filibuster in U.S.", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1957" }, { "id": "4849263", "text": "provided neither citizenship nor equal rights. In 1868, the 14th Amendment was ratified by the states, granting African Americans citizenship. All persons born in the US were extended equal protection under the laws of the Constitution. The 15th Amendment (ratified in 1870) stated that race could not be used as a condition to deprive men of the ability to vote. During Reconstruction (1865–1877), Northern troops occupied the South. Together with the Freedmen's Bureau, they tried to administer and enforce the new constitutional amendments. Many black leaders were elected to local and state offices, and many others organized community groups, especially", "title": "Civil rights movement (1896–1954)" }, { "id": "2067942", "text": "freedom to have consensual sex with whomever a person chooses, at any time, for any reason, provided the person is of the age of majority. Marriage is not required, nor are there any requirements as to the gender or number of people you have sex with. Sexual freedom includes the freedom to have private consensual homosexual sex (\"Lawrence v. Texas\"). Equal protection prevents the government from creating laws that are discriminatory in application or effect. The text of Amendment XIV to the United States Constitution, ratified July 9, 1868, states that: The text of Amendment XV to the United States", "title": "Civil liberties in the United States" }, { "id": "428728", "text": "States\" (1935), to prohibit a current Congress from abrogating a contract of debt incurred by a prior Congress. The fifth section gives Congress the power to enforce the amendment's provisions by \"appropriate legislation\"; however, under \"City of Boerne v. Flores\" (1997), this power may not be used to contradict a Supreme Court decision interpreting the amendment. In the final years of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction Era that followed, Congress repeatedly debated the rights of black former slaves freed by the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation and the 1865 Thirteenth Amendment, the latter of which had formally abolished slavery. Following", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "4046789", "text": "amount of sickness and death. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 made blacks full U.S. citizens (and this repealed the Dred Scott decision). In 1868, the 14th amendment granted full U.S. citizenship to African-Americans. The 15th amendment, ratified in 1870, extended the right to vote to black males. The Freedmen's Bureau was an important institution established to create social and economic order in southern states. After the Union victory over the Confederacy, a brief period of southern black progress, called Reconstruction, followed. During the Reconstruction the entire face of the south changed because the remaining states were readmitted into the", "title": "African-American history" }, { "id": "1299088", "text": "Civil Rights Cases The Civil Rights Cases, 109 U.S. 3 (1883), were a group of five US Supreme Court constitutional law cases. Against the famous dissent of Justice Harlan, a majority held the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional, because Congress lacked authority to regulate private affairs under the Fourteenth Amendment, and that the Thirteenth Amendment \"merely abolishes slavery\". The Civil Rights Act of 1875 had banned race discrimination in access to services offered to the public. The decision was effectively reversed in the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court from 1937, and finally by legislation under the Civil Rights", "title": "Civil Rights Cases" }, { "id": "428733", "text": "black rights. Consideration then turned to a proposed amendment by Representative John A. Bingham of Ohio, which would enable Congress to safeguard \"equal protection of life, liberty, and property\" of all citizens; this proposal failed to pass the House. In April 1866, the Joint Committee forwarded a third proposal to Congress, a carefully negotiated compromise that combined elements of the first and second proposals as well as addressing the issues of Confederate debt and voting by ex-Confederates. The House of Representatives passed \"House Resolution 127, 39th Congress\" several weeks later and sent to the Senate for action. The resolution was", "title": "Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3066344", "text": "in the 1866 Act; the extent to which other clauses in the Fourteenth Amendment may have incorporated elements of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 is a matter of continuing debate. Ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment was completed in 1868. Two years later, the 1866 Act was reenacted, as Section 18 of the Enforcement Act of 1870. The activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) undermined the act; and it failed to immediately secure the civil rights of African Americans. Since 1866 it has been illegal in the U.S. to discriminate in employment and housing on", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1866" }, { "id": "3124726", "text": "Act into law. Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 is commonly known as the \"Fair Housing Act\" and was meant as a follow‑up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. While the Civil Rights Act of 1866 prohibited discrimination in housing, there were no federal enforcement provisions. The 1968 act expanded on previous acts and prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and since 1974, gender; since 1988, the act protects people with disabilities and families with children. Victims of discrimination may use both the 1968 act and", "title": "Civil Rights Act of 1968" } ]

[ "2001" ]

[ { "id": "2769479", "text": "No Child Left Behind Act The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It supported standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education. The Act required states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding, states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade levels. The act did not assert a national achievement standard—each state developed its", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769550", "text": "to replace the No Child Left Behind Act, the Every Student Succeeds Act, which was passed by the House on December 2 and the Senate on December 9, before being signed into law by President Obama on December 10, 2015. This bill affords states more flexibility in regards to setting their own respective standards for measuring school as well as student performance. No Child Left Behind Act The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. It", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769481", "text": "The United States House of Representatives passed the bill on December 13, 2001 (voting 381–41), and the United States Senate passed it on December 18, 2001 (voting 87–10). President Bush signed it into law on January 8, 2002. No Child Left Behind requires all public schools receiving federal funding to administer a statewide standardized test annually to all students. Schools that receive Title I funding through the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 must make Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) in test scores (e.g. each year, fifth graders must do better on standardized tests than the previous year's fifth graders).", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769480", "text": "own standards. NCLB expanded the federal role in public education through further emphasis on annual testing, annual academic progress, report cards, and teacher qualifications, as well as significant changes in funding. The bill passed in the Congress with bipartisan support. By 2015, criticism from right, left, and center had accumulated so much that a bipartisan Congress stripped away the national features of No Child Left Behind. Its replacement, the Every Student Succeeds Act, turned the remnants over to the states. It was coauthored by Representatives John Boehner (R-OH), George Miller (D-CA), and Senators Edward Kennedy (D-MA) and Judd Gregg (R-NH).", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769539", "text": "2007, former Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson and Georgia Governor Roy Barnes, Co-Chairs of the Aspen Commission on No Child Left Behind, announced the release of the Commission's final recommendations for the reauthorization of the No Child Left Behind Act. The Commission is an independent, bipartisan effort to improve NCLB and ensure it is a more useful force in closing the achievement gap that separates disadvantaged children and their peers. After a year of hearings, analysis, and research, the Commission uncovered the successes of NCLB, as well as provisions that must be significantly changed. The Commission's goals are:", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "3659349", "text": "It integrates early childhood education, adult education and family literacy. The No Child Left Behind Act was proposed by George W. Bush and passed by United States House of Representatives in 2001. The Act requires that all public schools receive federal funding to administer a standardized test annually to assess if students have made Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP). Schools must provide services to students who do not meet AYP in order to help them succeed and pass AYP the following year. In 2013, President Obama proposed the Preschool for All initiative. The goal of this program is to expand funding", "title": "Early Childhood Education Act" }, { "id": "4550546", "text": "are authorized for professional development, instructional materials, for resources to support educational programs, and for parental involvement promotion. The act was originally authorized through 1965; however, the government has reauthorized the act several times since its enactment—often well after the expiration of the previous reauthorization. The reauthorization of ESEA by President George W. Bush was known as the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. ESEA was reauthorized on December 10, 2015 as the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) by President Barack Obama. On January 25, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson called for congressional efforts to improve education opportunities for", "title": "Elementary and Secondary Education Act" }, { "id": "2769511", "text": "referred to as IDEA 2004). It kept the EAHCA requirements of free and accessible education for all children. The 2004 IDEA authorized formula grants to states and discretionary grants for research, technology, and training. It also required schools to use research-based interventions to assist students with disabilities. The amount of funding each school would receive from its \"Local Education Agency\" for each year would be divided by the number of children with disabilities and multiplied by the number of students with disabilities participating in the schoolwide programs. Particularly since 2004, policymakers have sought to align IDEA with NCLB. The most", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "15980065", "text": "greater initiative. The turnaround initiative stems back to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965, which was enacted by Congress under the Johnson Administration. The bill was designed in part to emphasize equal access to education and excellent educational opportunities for all children. Even though the bill was not originally authorized until 1970, it has been reauthorized every 5 years by Congress. In 2001, ESEA experienced its most significant reauthorization under the George W. Bush Administration in which it was not only reauthorized, but renamed No Child Left Behind (NCLB). NCLB operates with the same charge as ESEA,", "title": "Turnaround model" }, { "id": "17438263", "text": "Student Success Act The Student Success Act () is a bill that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th Congress. The bill deals with education policy and would alter parts of both the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act. The Student Success Act passed in a House vote of 221-207 on July 19, 2013. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 had specific requirements for schools to pass increasingly high standards on state tests. The Obama administration waived some of the requirements of the NCLB. Republicans argued that", "title": "Student Success Act" }, { "id": "2769536", "text": "by NCLB. Congress acknowledged these funding decreases and retroactively provided the funds to cover shortfalls, but without the guarantee of permanent aid. The number one area where funding was cut from the national budget was in Title I funding for disadvantaged students and schools. According to the book \"NCLB Meets School Realities\", the act was put into action during a time of fiscal crisis for most states. While states were being forced to make budget cuts, including in the area of education, they had to incur additional expenses to comply with the requirements of the NCLB Act. The funding they", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "3485979", "text": "providing work and stimulating the economy through public spending on projects, rather than on cash payment. The programs were in response to the Great Depression affecting the United States in the 1930s. An American education policy proposal from a Republican president is the No Child Left Behind Act. This Act took effect on January 8, 2002, and was put in place to raise standards in education so different individuals can have better educational outcomes. The No Child Left Behind Act requires every state to assess students on basic skills to receive federal funding. However, this Act did not create a", "title": "Social policy" }, { "id": "1740590", "text": "system has also contributed to the debate about standardized testing, including the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 that required standardized testing in public schools. U.S. Public Law 107-110, known as the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, further ties public school funding to standardized testing. The goal of No Child Left Behind was to improve the education system in the United States by holding school and teachers accountable and attempting to close the educational gap between minority and non-minority children in public schools. Students' results on standardized tests were used to allocate funds and other resources such", "title": "Standardized test" }, { "id": "19188036", "text": "Every Student Succeeds Act The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is a US law passed in December 2015 that governs the United States K–12 public education policy. The law replaced its predecessor, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), and modified but did not eliminate provisions relating to the periodic standardized tests given to students. Like the No Child Left Behind Act, ESSA is a reauthorization of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which established the federal government's expanded role in public education. The Every Student Succeeds Act passed both chambers of Congress with bipartisan support. The bill is", "title": "Every Student Succeeds Act" }, { "id": "1131405", "text": "Left Behind Act, passed by a bipartisan coalition in Congress provided federal aid to the states in exchange for measures to penalize schools that were not meeting the goals as measured by standardized state exams in mathematics and language skills. In the same year, the U.S. Supreme Court diluted some of the century-old \"Blaine\" laws upheld an Ohio law allowing aid to parochial schools under specific circumstances. The 2006 Commission on the Future of Higher Education evaluated higher education. In December 2015, President Barack Obama signed legislation replacing No Child Left Behind with the Every Student Succeeds Act. The Great", "title": "Education in the United States" }, { "id": "2769525", "text": "not make Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) for two years must offer parents the choice to send their child to a non-failing school in the district, and after three years, must provide supplemental services, such as free tutoring or after-school assistance. After five years of not meeting AYP, the school must make dramatic changes to how the school is run, which could entail state-takeover. As part of their support for NCLB, the administration and Congress backed massive increases in funding for elementary and secondary education. Total federal education funding increased from $42.2 billion to $55.7 billion from 2001, the fiscal year", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769527", "text": "competitive-grant program called Reading First, funded at $1.02 billion in 2004, to help states and districts set up \"scientific, research-based\" reading programs for children in grades K–3 (with priority given to high-poverty areas). A smaller early-reading program sought to help states better prepare 3- to 5-year-olds in disadvantaged areas to read. The program's funding was later cut drastically by Congress amid budget talks. Funding Changes: Through an alteration in the Title I funding formula, the No Child Left Behind Act was expected to better target resources to school districts with high concentrations of poor children. The law also included provisions", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "8703448", "text": "met the standards, usually as measured by a criterion-referenced test. The standards-based National Education Goals (Goals 2000) were set by the U.S. Congress in the 1990s. Many of these goals were based on the principles of outcomes-based education, and not all of the goals were attained by the year 2000 as was intended. The movement resulted in the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001, which required that states make yearly progress towards having all students be proficient by 2014, as evidenced by annual standardized testing. In response to growing public disapproval with NCLB as the deadline approached without", "title": "Standards-based education reform in the United States" }, { "id": "1568088", "text": "USA Patriot Act in October 2001 to passage in the House on a 357-66 vote. In a 2011 interview, Hastert claimed credit for its passage over the misgivings of many members. Fourteen years later, federal prosecutors used the Patriot Act's expansion of currency transaction reporting requirements to indict Hastert on federal charges. As speaker, Hastert also oversaw the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, a major education bill; the Bush tax cuts in 2001 and 2003 legislation; and the Homeland Security Act of 2002, which reorganized the government and created the Department of Homeland Security. Although", "title": "Dennis Hastert" }, { "id": "2769549", "text": "administration's requirements and part of their plans are under review. The waivers of Arizona, Oregon, and Kansas are conditional, according to Acting Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education Michael Yudin. Arizona has not yet received state board approval for teacher evaluations, and Kansas and Oregon are both still developing teacher and principal evaluation guidelines. In addition, five states that did not complete the waiver process—and one whose application was rejected—got a one-year freeze on the rising targets for standardized test scores: Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, and West Virginia. On April 30, 2015, a bill was introduced to Congress", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "12702354", "text": "guns; in June 1999 he said he opposed requiring child-safety locks on guns; and supported concealed carrying permits. President Bush proposed No Child Left Behind on January 23, 2001, just three days after his first inauguration. It was coauthored by Representatives John Boehner (R-OH) and George Miller (D-CA) and Senators Edward Kennedy (D-MA) and Judd Gregg (R-NH). The United States House of Representatives passed the bill on May 23, 2001 (voting 384–45), and the United States Senate passed it on June 14, 2001 (voting 91–8). President Bush signed it into law on January 8, 2002. Bush has a strong pro-life", "title": "Political positions of George W. Bush" }, { "id": "2769510", "text": "with alternative options than schools not meeting the needs of the disabled population. The law is written so that the scores of students with IEPs (Individualized Education Plans) and 504 plans are counted just as other students' scores are counted. Schools have argued against having disabled populations involved in their AYP measurements because they claim that there are too many variables involved. Stemming from the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) of 1975, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was enacted in its first form in 1997, and then reenacted with new education aspects in 2006 (although still", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "13920641", "text": "the \"No Child Left Inside Act of 2008\" (H.R. 3036 , 110th Congress) was passed by the House of Representatives on September 18, 2008, but was never voted on in the Senate. The bill was introduced in the Senate as S.866 by senator Jack Reed (Democrat, Rhode Island) with 17 co-sponsors and was referred to the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. On June 4, 2009, the bill was referred to the Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education. The main goal of the proposed legislation is to amend the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (No Child", "title": "No Child Left Inside (movement)" }, { "id": "2769541", "text": "to No Child Left Behind, in March 2010. Specific revisions include providing funds for states to implement a broader range of assessments to evaluate advanced academic skills, including students’ abilities to conduct research, use technology, engage in scientific investigation, solve problems, and communicate effectively. In addition, Obama proposes that the NCLB legislation lessen its stringent accountability punishments to states by focusing more on student improvement. Improvement measures would encompass assessing all children appropriately, including English language learners, minorities, and special needs students. The school system would be re-designed to consider measures beyond reading and math tests; and would promote incentives", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769484", "text": "cities throughout the United States. Supporters of the NCLB claim one of the strong positive points of the bill is the increased accountability that is required of schools and teachers. According to the legislation, schools must pass yearly tests that judge student improvement over the fiscal year. These yearly standardized tests are the main means of determining whether schools live up to required standards. If required improvements are not made, the schools face decreased funding and other punishments that contribute to the increased accountability. According to supporters, these goals help teachers and schools realize the significance and importance of the", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2252040", "text": "and schools, and existing civil rights remedies should be dismantled\". In 2001 Congress passed the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) which was promptly signed by President George W. Bush. The law put a premium on student testing, not integration, to measure academic progress. Financial penalties were incurred on schools if students did not demonstrate adequate academic performance. While initially supported by Democrats, critics say, the law has failed to adequately address the achievement gap between whites and minorities and that there are problems with implementation and inflexible provisions. In a Gallup poll taken in the early 1970s, very low", "title": "Desegregation busing" }, { "id": "2769504", "text": "\"You have too many variables and you have too many scenarios, and everybody knows that would never happen.\" Alabama State Board Member Mary Jane Caylor said, \"I don't think that No Child Left Behind has benefited this state.\" She argued the goal of 100 percent proficiency is unattainable. Charles Murray wrote of the law: \"The United States Congress, acting with large bipartisan majorities, at the urging of the President, enacted as the law of the land that all children are to be above average.\" The system of incentives and penalties sets up a strong motivation for schools, districts, and states", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "1544127", "text": "teacher accountability that other Democrats and the National Education Association did not like, in return for increased funding levels for education. The No Child Left Behind Act was passed by Congress in May and June 2001 and signed into law by Bush in January 2002. Kennedy soon became disenchanted with the implementation of the act, however, saying for 2003 that it was $9 billion short of the $29 billion authorized. Kennedy said, \"The tragedy is that these long overdue reforms are finally in place, but the funds are not,\" and accused Bush of not living up to his personal word", "title": "Ted Kennedy" }, { "id": "2769537", "text": "received from the federal government in support of NCLB was not enough to cover the added expense necessary to adhere to the new law. The Joint Organizational Statement on No Child Left Behind is a proposal by more than 135 national civil rights, education, disability advocacy, civic, labor, and religious groups that have signed on to a statement calling for major changes to the federal education law. The National Center for Fair & Open Testing (FairTest) initiated and chaired the meetings that produced the statement, originally released in October 2004. The statement's central message is that \"the law's emphasis needs", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "16016569", "text": "curriculum in every school. President George Bush's No Child Left Behind Act essentially replaced the Goals 2000 program. The No Child Left Behind Act(NCLB) legislation was signed by President Bush in January 2002 and dramatically expanded federal influence over the nation's more than 90,000 public schools. The main implications of this legislation was states had to conduct annual student assessments linked to state standards to identify schools failing to make \"adequate yearly progress\" (AYP) toward the stated goal of having all students achieve proficiency in reading and math by 2013–2014 and to institute sanctions and rewards based on each school's", "title": "Racial achievement gap in the United States" }, { "id": "2769538", "text": "to shift from applying sanctions for failing to raise test scores to holding states and localities accountable for making the systemic changes that improve student achievement.\" The number of organizations signing the statement has nearly quadrupled since it was launched in late 2004 and continues to grow. The goal is to influence Congress, and the broader public, as the law's scheduled reauthorization approaches. Education critic Alfie Kohn argues that the NCLB law is \"unredeemable\" and should be scrapped. He is quoted saying \"[I]ts main effect has been to sentence poor children to an endless regimen of test-preparation drills\". In February", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769483", "text": "parts of the state. The act also requires schools to let military recruiters have students' contact information and other access to the student, if the school provides that information to universities or employers, unless the students opt out of giving military recruiters access. This portion of the law has drawn lots of criticism and has even led to political resistance. For instance, in 2003 in Santa Cruz, California, student-led efforts forced school districts to create an \"opt-in\" policy that required students affirm they wanted the military to have their information. This successful student organizing effort was copied in various other", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769548", "text": "if they fail to meet benchmarks. The re-authorization process has become somewhat of a controversy, as lawmakers and politicians continually debate about the changes that must be made to the bill to make it work best for the educational system. In 2012, President Obama granted waivers from NCLB requirements to several states. \"In exchange for that flexibility, those states 'have agreed to raise standards, improve accountability, and undertake essential reforms to improve teacher effectiveness,' the White House said in a statement.\" Eight of the 32 NCLB waivers granted to states are conditional, meaning those states have not entirely satisfied the", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769526", "text": "before the law's passage, to fiscal year 2004. A new $1 billion Reading First program was created, distributing funds to local schools to improve the teaching of reading, and over $100 million for its companion, Early Reading First. Numerous other formula programs received large increases as well. This was consistent with the administration's position of funding formula programs, which distribute money to local schools for their use, and grant programs, where particular schools or groups apply directly to the federal government for funding. In total, federal funding for education increased 59.8% from 2000 to 2003. The act created a new", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "10378775", "text": "around education reform. Though Bush did not pass a major educational reform package during his presidency, his ideas influenced later reform efforts, including Goals 2000 and the No Child Left Behind Act. The disabled had not received legal protections under the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964, and many faced discrimination and segregation as Bush took office. In 1988, Lowell P. Weicker Jr. and Tony Coelho had introduced the Americans with Disabilities Act, which barred employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities. The bill had passed the Senate but not the House, and it was reintroduced in 1989. Though some", "title": "Presidency of George H. W. Bush" }, { "id": "7604265", "text": "in 2004 (below). Like EHEA before it, the act's zero reject rule requires schools to provide educational services to every disabled child, even if there is no hope of the child benefiting from the services (e.g., if the child is in a coma). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 2001 (ESEA) PL 107-110, more popularly known as the No Child Left Behind Act required accountability for the academic performance of all school children, including those with disabilities. It called for 100% proficiency in reading and math by the year 2012. The Assistive Technology Act of 2004 (ATA) PL 108-364", "title": "Special education in the United States" }, { "id": "2769532", "text": "not adequately funded by either the federal government or the states. Ted Kennedy, the legislation's initial sponsor, once stated: \"The tragedy is that these long overdue reforms are finally in place, but the funds are not.\" Susan B. Neuman, U.S. Department of Education's former Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education, commented about her worries of NCLB in a meeting of the International Reading Association: Organizations have particularly criticized the unwillingness of the federal government to \"fully fund\" the act. Noting that appropriations bills always originate in the House of Representatives, it is true that during the Bush Administration, neither", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769531", "text": "learning disabilities, this 60 percent increase in funding was also an important part of the overall approach to NCLB implementation. Some critics claim that extra expenses are not fully reimbursed by increased levels of federal NCLB funding. Others note that funding for the law increased massively following passage and that billions in funds previously allocated to particular uses could be reallocated to new uses. Even before the law's passage, Secretary of Education Rod Paige noted ensuring that children are educated remained a state responsibility regardless of federal support: Various early Democratic supporters of NCLB criticize its implementation, claiming it is", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "19188048", "text": "plans and noted that a revised template may be issued. Every Student Succeeds Act The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is a US law passed in December 2015 that governs the United States K–12 public education policy. The law replaced its predecessor, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), and modified but did not eliminate provisions relating to the periodic standardized tests given to students. Like the No Child Left Behind Act, ESSA is a reauthorization of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which established the federal government's expanded role in public education. The Every Student Succeeds Act passed", "title": "Every Student Succeeds Act" }, { "id": "2769543", "text": "provisions provides the NCLB Act a forum to deliver on its promise to improve achievement for all of its students. Education critics argue that although the legislation is marked as an improvement to the ESEA in de-segregating the quality of education in schools, it is actually harmful. The legislation has become virtually the only federal social policy meant to address wide-scale social inequities, and its policy features inevitably stigmatize both schools attended by children of the poor and children in general. Moreover, critics further argue that the current political landscape of this country, which favors market-based solutions to social and", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "9261819", "text": "shaped the changes in policy reflected in the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. The English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement Act is a part of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and acted as a replacement for the Bilingual Education Act of 1968, which expired in 2002 The focus of NCLB was for eligible academic institutions to become self-sufficient and expand their capacity to serve low-income students by providing funds to improve and strengthen the academic quality, institutional management, and fiscal stability of eligible institutions. The Bilingual Education Act of 1968, which was Title", "title": "Title III" }, { "id": "2769514", "text": "on \"shared responsibility of general and special education teachers,\" forcing schools to have disabled students more on their radar.\" They do acknowledge, however, that for each student to \"participate in the general curriculum [of high standards for all students] and make progress toward proficiency,\" additional time and effort for coordination are needed. The National Center on Educational Outcomes reported that now disabled students will receive \"...the academic attention and resources they deserved.\" Particular research has been done on how the laws impact students who are deaf or hard of hearing. First, the legislation makes schools responsible for how students with", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "6401808", "text": "controversy surrounding George W. Bush administration's Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Private schools are not required to make AYP. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, Sec. 1111 (b)(F), requires that \"each state shall establish a timeline for adequate yearly progress. The timeline shall ensure that not later than 12 years after the 2001-2002 school year, all students in each group described in subparagraph (C)(v) will meet or exceed the State's standards.\" These timelines are developed by state education agencies working under guidance from the federal government. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is the law used as", "title": "Adequate Yearly Progress" }, { "id": "2769497", "text": "states plus the District of Columbia, with ninety-eight percent of its schools achieving No Child Left Behind standards. Student performance in other subjects (besides reading and math) will be measured as a part of overall progress. NCLB’s main focus is on skills in reading, writing, and mathematics, which are areas related to economic success. Combined with the budget crises in the late-2000s recession, some schools have cut or eliminated classes and resources for many subject areas that are not part of NCLB's accountability standards. Since 2007, almost 71% of schools have reduced instruction time in subjects such as history, arts,", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2467588", "text": "treaty including the National Center for Public Policy Research, the Heritage Foundation and the Center for Security Policy. The treaty, which sets up countries' jurisdiction over their coasts and ocean including exploration and navigation rights, was supported by the Bush administration, a majority of the United States Senate, the Pentagon, the State Department and Navy as do a coalition of business and environmental groups. The committee approved the treaty 17–4, with Vitter voting no. In May 2001, Vitter authored an amendment to the No Child Left Behind Act, a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which required all", "title": "David Vitter" }, { "id": "6666636", "text": "to parents with students in low-performing schools, and target more federal funding to low-income schools. This landmark education initiative passed with broad bipartisan support, including that of Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts. It was signed into law by Bush in early 2002. Many contend that the initiative has been successful, as cited by the fact that students in the U.S. have performed significantly better on state reading and math tests since Bush signed \"No Child Left Behind\" into law. Critics argue that it is underfunded and that NCLBA's focus on \"high-stakes testing\" and quantitative outcomes is counterproductive. After being re-elected,", "title": "George W. Bush" }, { "id": "3706455", "text": "power plant pollution to continue to inflict huge, avoidable health damages on the public. 2. Repeal or interfere with major health and air quality safeguards in current law. 3. Worsen global warming by ignoring CO2 emissions from the power sector. In January 2002, Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act, with Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy as chief sponsor, which aims to close the achievement gap, measures student performance, provides options to parents with children in low-performing schools, and targets more federal funding to low-income schools. Critics, including Senator John Kerry and the National Education Association, say schools were not", "title": "Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration" }, { "id": "2769530", "text": "use of federal education money. The NCLB increases were companions to another massive increase in federal education funding at that time. The Bush administration and congress passed very large increases in funding for the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) at the same time as the NCLB increases. IDEA Part B, a state formula-funding program that distributes money to local districts for the education of students with disabilities, was increased from $6.3 billion in 2001 to $10.1 billion in 2004. Because a district's and state's performance on NCLB measures depended on improved performance by students with disabilities, particularly, students with", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769540", "text": "The Forum on Educational Accountability (FEA), a working group of signers of the Joint Organizational Statement on NCLB has offered an alternative proposal. It proposes to shift NCLB from applying sanctions for failing to raise test scores to supporting state and communities and holding them accountable as they make systemic changes that improve student learning. While many critics and policymakers believe the NCLB legislation has major flaws, it appears the policy will be in effect for the long-term, though not without major modifications. President Barack Obama released a blueprint for reform of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the successor", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "16031938", "text": "and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) was reauthorized in 2001 under the administration of former president George W. Bush and renamed the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). The ultimate goal of this act is to \"To close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice, so that no child is left behind.\" It is organized into ten \"titles\", each of which details one particular aspect of the goals of the act, and explains how funds will be allocated to State education agencies (SEAs), local education agencies (LEAs), and State agencies for higher education (SAHEs). Title II, Preparing, Training,", "title": "Highly qualified teachers" }, { "id": "2769482", "text": "If the school's results are repeatedly poor, then steps are taken to improve the school. States must create AYP objectives consistent with the following requirements of the law: The act requires states to provide \"highly qualified\" teachers to all students. Each state sets its own standards for what counts as \"highly qualified.\" Similarly, the act requires states to set \"one high, challenging standard\" for its students. Each state decides for itself what counts as \"one high, challenging standard,\" but the curriculum standards must be applied to all students, rather than having different standards for students in different cities or other", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "13074498", "text": "great opportunity for collaboration between teachers. The major goal of having standards for curriculum is to create quality American schools. Diane Ravitch is one of the predominant people to help write the standards, and she says that \"standards give clear expectations for students, teachers, parents, colleges, and employers that will result in improved student achievement\". The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was actually signed into law on January 8, 2002 by President George W. Bush. It is commonly abbreviated as NCLB. It was a re-authorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and some say that it was", "title": "Education in Virginia" }, { "id": "2769512", "text": "obvious points of alignment include the shared requirements for Highly Qualified Teachers, for establishment of goals for students with special needs, and for assessment levels for these students. In 2004, George Bush signed provisions that would define for both of these acts what was considered a \"highly qualified teacher.\" The National Council on Disability (NCD) looks at how NCLB and IDEA are improving outcomes for students with Down syndrome. The effects they investigate include reducing the number of students who drop out, increasing graduation rates, and effective strategies to transition students to post-secondary education. Their studies have reported that NCLB", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769494", "text": "one test inaccurately measures student success overall. No Child Left behind has failed to account for all these factors. Those opposed to the use of testing to determine educational achievement prefer alternatives such as subjective teacher opinions, classwork, and performance-based assessments. Under No Child Left Behind, schools were held almost exclusively accountable for absolute levels of student performance. But that meant that even schools that were making great strides with students were still labeled as \"failing\" just because the students had not yet made it all the way to a \"proficient\" level of achievement. Since 2005, the U.S. Department of", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769535", "text": "state and local funding increased by over $100 billion from school year 2001–02 through 2006–07. In fiscal year 2007, $75 billion in costs were shifted from NCLB, adding further stresses on state budgets. This decrease resulted in schools cutting programs that served to educate children, which subsequently impacted the ability to meet the goals of NCLB. The decrease in funding came at a time when there was an increase in expectations for school performance. To make ends meet, many schools re-allocated funds that had been intended for other purposes (e.g., arts, sports, etc.) to achieve the national educational goals set", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "4550553", "text": "recently, this legislation includes the No Child Left Behind Act, which was passed in 2001. In the 2006–2007 school year, Title I provided assistance to over 17 million students who range from kindergarten through twelfth grade. The majority of the funds (60%) were given to students between kindergarten through fifth grade. The next highest group that received funding were students in sixth through eighth grade (21%). Finally, 16% of the funds went to students in high school with 3% provided to students in preschool. In its original conception, Title I under the ESEA, was designed by President Lyndon B. Johnson", "title": "Elementary and Secondary Education Act" }, { "id": "12662717", "text": "was a leading member of the bipartisan team that wrote the controversial No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. According to both Kennedy and President Bush, the Act was a compromise. Kennedy then worked on its passage through a Republican-controlled Congress, despite opposition from members of both parties. Kennedy opposed federal attempts to cut student financial aid, such as Reagan's 1986 planned limitations on Guaranteed Student Loans to students whose families earned over $32,500 a year, and a planned $4,000 cap on all federal aid and benefits that a student could receive in one year. Following the Republican takeover of", "title": "Political positions of Ted Kennedy" }, { "id": "13920642", "text": "Left Behind Act) of 2001 under the Bush Administration with environmental education. The federal bill proposed that appropriations be provided to train teachers for such instruction, provide innovative technology, and to develop studies assessing the worth of these programs in elementary and secondary school curricula. While mainly addressing environmental literacy, this legislation also seeks to touch on healthy living programs encouraging outdoor recreation and sound nutrition. Developed programs will include funding for curriculum changes as well as field trips to local environmental areas of interest. Critics of the federal bill have claimed that it is intended to spread a political", "title": "No Child Left Inside (movement)" }, { "id": "3854899", "text": "They range from nationwide, government-led initiatives to smaller school-based initiatives. The federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 (NCLB) focuses on standardized test scores and school accountability to ensure that all students have the same educational opportunities. As written, the legislation incentivizes that schools show continual improvement toward this goal (otherwise known as \"Adequate Yearly Progress,\" or AYP) otherwise schools face punishments, such as sanctions. This system has been criticized by some for being unfair toward schools that have the highest population of minority and poor students, as it is harder for these schools to meet the standards set", "title": "Achievement gap in the United States" }, { "id": "2769528", "text": "intended to give states and districts greater flexibility in how they spent a portion of their federal allotments. Funding for school technology used in classrooms as part of NCLB is administered by the Enhancing Education Through Technology Program (EETT). Funding sources are used for equipment, professional development and training for educators, and updated research. EETT allocates funds by formula to states. The states, in turn, reallocate 50% of the funds to local districts by Title I formula and 50% competitively. While districts must reserve a minimum of 25% of all EETT funds for professional development, recent studies indicate that most", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769486", "text": "the school's ability to improve. The act requires schools to rely on scientifically based research for programs and teaching methods. The act defines this as \"research that involves the application of rigorous, systematic, and objective procedures to obtain reliable and valid knowledge relevant to education activities and programs.\" Scientifically based research results in \"replicable and applicable findings\" from research that used appropriate methods to generate persuasive, empirical conclusions. Prior to the NCLB act, new teachers were typically required to have a bachelor's degree, be fully certified, and demonstrate subject matter knowledge—generally through tests. It is widely accepted that teacher knowledge", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "15980644", "text": "to perform on these exams. In 2002, Congress re-examined ESEA and reauthorized it as No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). ESEA created the accountability tool known as Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP). AYP is a required statewide accountability system which requires each state to ensure that all schools and districts make AYP. AYP is simply a “statewide accountability system mandated by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 which requires each state to ensure that all schools and districts make Adequate Yearly Progress\". Ever since ESEA was passed, states and schools across the country have been working to improve its", "title": "PARCC" }, { "id": "11451149", "text": "on a national scale that focused on education and teaching control releases reports in the 1990s. These commissions called for a plan in guiding recruitment, preparation, and support in outstanding mentoring. In addition to these initiatives, said entities emphasized the need for flexibility as well as accountability in public school governance. US Department of Education Rod Paige facilitated the passage of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) of 2001, the most meaningful amendments in federal education legislation since the Elementary and Secondary Act of 1965. This Statute enabled children in sub-performing schools to move to public institutions or receive coaching", "title": "Compulsory public education in the United States" }, { "id": "2769502", "text": "incentives to improve student achievement beyond the bare minimum. Programs not essential for achieving mandated minimum skills are neglected or canceled by those districts. In particular, NCLB does not require any programs for gifted, talented, and other high-performing students. Federal funding of gifted education decreased by a third over the law's first five years. There was only one program that helped improve the gifted: they received $9.6 million. In the 2007 budget, President George W. Bush zeroed this out. While NCLB is silent on the education of academically gifted students, some states (such as Arizona, California, Virginia, and Pennsylvania) require", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769490", "text": "in July 2005, showing improved student achievement in reading and math: These statistics compare 2005 with 2000 though No Child Left Behind did not even take effect until 2003. Critics point out that the increase in scores between 2000 and 2005 was roughly the same as the increase between 2003 and 2005, which calls into question how any increase can be attributed to No Child Left Behind. They also argue that some of the subgroups are cherry-picked—that in other subgroups scores remained the same or fell. Also, the makers of the standardized tests have been blamed for making the tests", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "6401809", "text": "the primary statute governing the federal government's role in education. The federal government's role in this area was earlier defined under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). The ESEA stated that its purpose was to strengthen and improve educational quality and educational opportunities in the nation's elementary and secondary schools. These goals were to be achieved through financial assistance to local educational agencies for the education of children of low-income families or with disabilities. In 2001, ESEA was modified and renamed the No Child Left Behind Act. Strengthening and improving the education of elementary and secondary school students remains", "title": "Adequate Yearly Progress" }, { "id": "3358272", "text": "Senator Ted Kennedy authored the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, which was signed by President George W. Bush in 2002. Boehner said that it was his \"proudest achievement\" in two decades of public service. Boehner was friends with Kennedy, also a Roman Catholic, and every year they chaired fundraisers for cash-strapped Catholic schools. Delay resigned as Majority Leader in 2005 after being indicted, and Boehner, House Majority Whip Roy Blunt of Missouri, and Representative John Shadegg of Arizona, all sought to succeed Delay. Boehner campaigned as a reform candidate who wanted to reform the so-called", "title": "John Boehner" }, { "id": "9907550", "text": "which many United States Education Advocates felt had narrowed down the subjects incorporated into the core curriculum. The No Child Left Behind Act was initially entitled the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, but then was later renamed No Child Left Behind in 2002. The National Association for Music Education, or NAfME, is an \"organization of American music educators dedicated to advancing and preserving music education and as part of the core curriculum of schools in the United States.\" The NAfME is an organization founded in 1907 of more than 60,000 people who advocate for the benefits of music", "title": "Music education in the United States" }, { "id": "2769546", "text": "the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Obama says that accurate assessments \"...can be used to accurately measure student growth; to better measure how states, districts, schools, principals, and teachers are educating students; to help teachers adjust and focus their teaching, and to provide better information to students and their families.\" He has pledged to support state governments in their efforts to improve standardized test provisions by upgrading the standards they are set to measure. To do this, the federal government gives states grants to help develop and implement assessments based on higher standards so they can more accurately", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "7974789", "text": "BHS owe their graduation and success to the assistance under this law.\" Leo then goes on to note that, \"the majority of the students receiving assistance under the act are Black and Brown.\" There have been various other Acts enacted to try and aid impoverished youth with the chance to succeed. One of these Acts includes the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). This Act was meant to increase the accountability of public schools and their teachers by creating standardized testing which would give an overview of the success of the school's ability to educate their students. Schools", "title": "Racial segregation in the United States" }, { "id": "2769518", "text": "for the student.\" Under the IEP, students could be able to legally have lowered success criteria for academic success. A 2006 report by the Center for Evaluation and Education Policy (CEEP) and the Indiana Institute on Disability and Community indicated that most states were not making AYP because of special education subgroups even though progress had been made toward that end. This was in effect pushing schools to cancel the inclusion model and keep special education students separate. \"IDEA calls for individualized curriculum and assessments that determine success based on growth and improvement each year. NCLB, in contrast, measures all", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "15288021", "text": "increasingly higher on standardized exams. The Mississippi Adequate Education Program (MAEP) was passed by the Mississippi Legislature in 1997, and its aim was to increase student achievement and eliminate inequity among school districts. The law provides a formula that distributes the necessary educational resources to Mississippi school districts equally. MAEP has issued over $507 million in State Aid Capital Improvement Bonds and more than 9,000 new, reconditioned school buildings. The No Child Left Behind Act was signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002, and it requires states to develop assessments in basic skills to be", "title": "Public Education in Mississippi" }, { "id": "2634009", "text": "(ESEA) of 1965. President Johnson signed the ESEA to help fight the War on Poverty and helped fund elementary and secondary schools. President Johnson's goal was to emphasizes equal access to education and establishes high standards and accountability. The NCLB Act required states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding, states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade level. In the U.S., the No Child Left Behind Act mandates standardized testing nationwide. These tests align with state curriculum and link teacher, student, district, and state accountability to the results of these tests.", "title": "Educational assessment" }, { "id": "306941", "text": "a report from the National Commission on Excellence in Education declared that American education standards were eroding, that young people in the United States were not learning enough. In 1989, President Bush and the nation’s governors set national goals to be achieved by the year 2000. GOALS 2000: Educate America Act was signed in March 1994. The goal of this new reform was to show that results were being achieved in schools. In 2001, the No Child Left Behind Act took the place of Goals 2000. It mandated certain measurements as a condition of receiving federal education funds. States are", "title": "Outcome-based education" }, { "id": "2769542", "text": "to keep students enrolled in school through graduation, rather than encouraging student drop-out to increase AYP scores. Obama’s objectives also entail lowering the achievement gap between Black and White students and also increasing the federal budget by $3 billion to help schools meet the strict mandates of the bill. There has also been a proposal, put forward by the Obama administration, that states increase their academic standards after a dumbing down period, focus on re-classifying schools that have been labeled as failing, and develop a new evaluation process for teachers and educators. The federal government’s gradual investment in public social", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769496", "text": "of their standards. Many argue that local government had failed students, necessitating federal intervention to remedy issues like teachers teaching outside their areas of expertise, and complacency in the face of continually failing schools. Some local governments, notably that of New York state, have supported NCLB provisions, because local standards failed to provide adequate oversight over special education, and NCLB would let them use longitudinal data more effectively to monitor Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP). States all over the United States have shown improvements in their progress as an apparent result of NCLB. For example, Wisconsin ranks first of all fifty", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "9261807", "text": "Title III The Title III Program is a United States federal grant program to improve education. It began as part of the Higher Education Act of 1965, which sought to provide support to strengthen various aspects of schools through a formula grant program to accredited, legally authorized Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Part A of Title III is officially known as the English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic Achievement Act. Title III is a part of the federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 proposed and signed into law by the George W. Bush Administration. It is", "title": "Title III" }, { "id": "1549475", "text": "for their performances and provide parents more information in choosing which schools to send their children. Kennedy shared Bush's concern for the education of impoverished children and hoped to increase federal funding for education, but he strongly opposed the president's proposed school vouchers, which would have allowed parents to use federal funding to pay for private schools. Both men cooperated to pass the No Child Left Behind Act, which dropped the concept of school vouchers but included Bush's idea of nationwide testing. Both houses of Congress registered overwhelming approval for the bill's final version, which Bush signed into law in", "title": "Presidency of George W. Bush" }, { "id": "15980643", "text": "Before No Child Left Behind, The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed in 1965 as a part of the \"War on Poverty\". In hopes of diminishing the achievement gap, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed to create equal opportunity and access to education through high standards and accountability. These standards and accountability techniques came in the form of standardized testing. For the first time, federal money was being sent into local schools and made the production of test-based evidence mandatory for all educators. Standards were being assessed on these state-created exams, and local schools were then accountable", "title": "PARCC" }, { "id": "4550575", "text": "are being aided in getting the same educational experiences as all other students. This is achieved through programs that keep cultural values intact and push students to strive for academic excellence. It is worth noting that Title VII was replaced in the most recent reauthorization of the ESEA, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, and is now Title III “Language Instruction for Limited English Proficient and Immigrant Students.” In 1980, President Jimmy Carter established the Department of Education which allowed for the Bilingual Education campaign to expand bilingual education programs. In addition to Carter's efforts, President Clinton also", "title": "Elementary and Secondary Education Act" }, { "id": "2769533", "text": "the Senate nor the White House has even requested federal funding up to the authorized levels for several of the act’s main provisions. For example, President Bush requested only $13.3 billion of a possible $22.75 billion in 2006. Advocacy groups note that President Bush's 2008 budget proposal allotted $61 billion for the Education Department, cutting funding by $1.3 billion from the year before. 44 out of 50 states would have received reductions in federal funding if the budget passed as it was. Specifically, funding for the Enhancing Education Through Technology Program (EETT) has continued to drop while the demand for", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769501", "text": "U.S. conservative and liberal critics have argued that NCLB's new standards in federalizing education set a negative precedent for further erosion of state and local control. Libertarians further argue that the federal government has no constitutional authority in education, which is why participation in NCLB is technically optional. They believe that states need not comply with NCLB so long as they forgo the federal funding that comes with it. NCLB pressures schools to guarantee that nearly all students meet the minimum skill levels (set by each state) in reading, writing, and arithmetic—but requires nothing beyond these minima. It provides no", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769487", "text": "has two components: specific subject matter knowledge (CK) such as an understanding of mathematics for a mathematics teacher, and pedagogical knowledge (PCK), which is knowledge of the subject of teaching/learning itself. Both types of knowledge, as well as experience in guided student teaching, help form the qualities needed by effective teachers. Under NCLB, existing teachers—including those with tenure—were also supposed to meet standards. They could meet the same requirements set for new teachers or could meet a state-determined \"...high, objective, uniform state standard of evaluation,\" aka HOUSSE. Downfall of the quality requirements of the NCLB legislation have received little research", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "2769503", "text": "schools to identify gifted students and provide them with an appropriate education, including grade advancement. Research tells us an IQ of 120 is needed. In other states, such as Michigan, state funding for gifted and talented programs was cut by up to 90% in the year after the Act became law. \"There's a fallacy in the law and everybody knows it,\" said Alabama State Superintendent Joe Morton on Wednesday, August 11, 2010. According to the No Child Left Behind Act, by 2014, every child is supposed to test on grade level in reading and math. \"That can't happen,\" said Morton.", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "4604916", "text": "single-sex public education in the 1996 case of \"United States v. Virginia\". This ruling, written by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg concluded that single-sex education in the public sector is constitutional only if comparable courses, services, and facilities are made available to both sexes. The No Child Left Behind Act contains provisions (sections 5131.a.23. and 5131c, 20 U.S.C. section 7215(a)(23), and section 7215(c)) designed by their authors—senators Hillary Clinton (D-NY) and Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-TX)—to facilitate single-sex education in public schools. These provisions led to the publication of new federal rules in October 2006 to allow districts to create single-sex schools", "title": "Single-sex education" }, { "id": "2468141", "text": "government. In 2003, he was named Outstanding New Member of the Year by the Committee for Education Funding, the nation's largest and oldest non-partisan education coalition. The first bill Van Hollen introduces every session is the Keep Our Promise to America's Children and Teachers (Keep Our PACT) Act, which would fully fund No Child Left Behind and Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. He introduced an amendment, which passed, that repealed a 9.5 percent loophole in student loans that had allowed lenders to pocket billions of taxpayer dollars. Now, that money is available for additional student loans. Because many federal employees", "title": "Chris Van Hollen" }, { "id": "4784854", "text": "but implemented by states. Federal funding covers a variable portion of at least half of Medicaid costs, and states are expected to cover the remainder. This means that any federally mandated increase in Medicaid spending forces states to spend more. However, as state participation in Medicaid is voluntary, it is not technically an unfunded mandate. The 2001 No Child Left Behind Act was passed in response to widespread concern about the quality of public education in America. The act was meant to decrease the gap between students who were performing very well and students who were performing poorly. The act", "title": "Unfunded mandate" }, { "id": "5917012", "text": "demographic groups within the population. Congress passed legislation in 1988 authorizing a voluntary Trial State Assessment. Separate representative samples of students were selected from each state or jurisdiction that agreed to participate in state NAEP. Trial state assessments were conducted in 1990, 1992, and 1994. Beginning with the 1996 assessment, the authorizing statute no longer considered the state component a \"trial.” A significant change to state NAEP occurred in 2001 with the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, also referred to as \"No Child Left Behind\" legislation. This legislation requires that states which receive Title I funding must", "title": "National Assessment of Educational Progress" }, { "id": "2769495", "text": "Education has approved 15 states to implement growth model pilots. Each state adopted one of four distinct growth models: Trajectory, Transition Tables, Student Growth Percentiles, and Projection. The incentives for improvement also may cause states to lower their official standards. Because each state can produce its own standardized tests, a state can make its statewide tests easier to increase scores. Missouri, for example, improved testing scores but openly admitted that they lowered the standards. A 2007 study by the U.S. Dept. of Education indicates that the observed differences in states' reported scores is largely due to differences in the stringency", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "1256399", "text": "During the Presidency of George W. Bush, the President and Congress cooperated to pass the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation, which required states to meet federal testing standards. Utah was the first state to reject NCLB, and the Attorney General of Connecticut sued the federal government for underfunding NCLB. In April 2017, President Donald Trump used an executive order to lessen federal influence over education. New Federalism New Federalism is a political philosophy of devolution, or the transfer of certain powers from the United States federal government back to the states. The primary objective of New Federalism, unlike that", "title": "New Federalism" }, { "id": "13283984", "text": "to a broad range of audiences in education, government and policymaking. Neuman took a two-year hiatus from her professorship at University of Michigan when she was named US Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education in 2001 by President George W. Bush. In her role as US Assistant Secretary, Neuman managed the Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, served as the principal adviser to the secretary of education on all matters related to elementary and secondary education, and initiated implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act. As US Assistant Secretary, Neuman was primarily responsible for directing, coordinating and recommending", "title": "Susan B. Neuman" }, { "id": "2454764", "text": "Jeffrey. He won re-election to his first full term with 75% of the vote. He won re-election to his second full term with 80% of the vote. In October 2002, Isakson voted in favor of the authorization of force against the country of Iraq. During his tenure in the House of Representatives, Isakson served on the Committee on Education and the Workforce, aiding President Bush in passing the No Child Left Behind Act. As a Representative, Isakson sponsored 27 bills. He was a member of the U.S. House Education Committee. In early 2003, conservative Democratic U.S. Senator Zell Miller—who had", "title": "Johnny Isakson" }, { "id": "9491968", "text": "Hamilton High School (Hamilton, Ohio) Hamilton High School is a public high school in Hamilton, Ohio. It is the only high school in the Hamilton City School District. It was the school in which then-President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act on January 8, 2002. The present building on Eaton Avenue opened as Taft High School in 1959. Taft served the west side of Hamilton while Garfield High School on Fair Avenue served the east. Both were consolidated to form Hamilton High in 1980 at Taft. In 2002, a massive addition was built across the school's", "title": "Hamilton High School (Hamilton, Ohio)" }, { "id": "4784857", "text": "United States, mentioned above. In School District of Pontiac, \"Michigan v. Duncan\", the plaintiffs alleged that the school district need not comply with the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 because the federal government did not provide them sufficient funding; the court concluded that insufficient federal funds were not a valid reason to not comply with a federal mandate. The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) was approved by the 104th Congress on March 22, 1995, and became effective October 5, 1995, during the Clinton administration. It is public law 104-4. The official legislation summarizes the bill as being: \"An", "title": "Unfunded mandate" }, { "id": "5949917", "text": "children in the country, and as a result, it increased opportunities for students with disabilities participate in agricultural classes. Educate America Act of 1994 raised benchmark standards for public education at the districts level, increasing curriculum and development requirements for all classes, including agricultural ones. The School-to-Work Opportunities Act, also of 1994, required teachers to teach students tasks and disciplines that would help their students prepare for employment once they graduated, of which practical education in agriculture was a major part. Finally, No Child Left Behind (Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 2001) further raised standards for students in public", "title": "Agricultural education" }, { "id": "2769489", "text": "of state test scores before and after enactment of NCLB also supports its positive impact. A primary criticism asserts that NCLB reduces effective instruction and student learning by causing states to lower achievement goals and motivate teachers to \"teach to the test.\" A primary supportive claim asserts that systematic testing provides data that shed light on which schools don't teach basic skills effectively, so that interventions can be made to improve outcomes for all students while reducing the achievement gap for disadvantaged and disabled students. The Department of Education points to the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) results, released", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" }, { "id": "13920640", "text": "National Wildlife Federation. Two US legislative bills were introduced during the 2000s using the phrase \"No Child Left Inside.\" Several states, including Connecticut, Colorado, Illinois, Massachusetts, and Wisconsin, endorsed the movement by creating programs in local parks and schools that addressed the concern of children's disconnect with nature during the 2000s. A federal bill, the No Child Left Inside Act of 2009, was introduced in the House of Representatives on April 22, 2009 (Earth Day) by representative John P. Sarbanes (Democrat, MD-3), with 82 co-sponsors, as H.R.2054 and referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor. A similar measure,", "title": "No Child Left Inside (movement)" }, { "id": "9576160", "text": "political right, Hirsch has been assailed as totalitarian, for his idea lends itself to turning over curriculum selection to federal authorities and thereby eliminating the time-honored American tradition of locally controlled schools. By 1990, the United States spent 2 percent of its budget on education, compared with 30 percent on support for the elderly. \"No Child Left Behind\" was a major national law passed by a bipartisan coalition in Congress in 2002, marked a new direction. In exchange for more federal aid, the states were required to measure progress and punish schools that were not meeting the goals as measured", "title": "History of education in the United States" }, { "id": "11740440", "text": "Act, which was enacted in 2008. Based largely upon language drafted by the Discovery Institute, from language originally drafted for the Santorum Amendment, the common goal of these bills has been to expose more students to articles and videos that criticize evolution, most of which have been produced by advocates of intelligent design or Biblical creationism. In 2001 former Republican United States Senator Rick Santorum from Pennsylvania proposed an amendment, to the education funding bill which became known as the No Child Left Behind Act, which promoted the teaching of intelligent design while questioning the academic standing of evolution in", "title": "Anti-evolution legislation" }, { "id": "2769545", "text": "debate on education and racial inequality to traditional political alliances. Consequently, major political discord remains between those who oppose federal oversight of state and local practices and those who view NCLB in terms of civil rights and educational equality. In the plan, the Obama Administration responds to critiques that standardized testing fails to capture higher level thinking by outlining new systems of evaluation to capture more in depth assessments on student achievement. His plan came on the heels of the announcement of the Race to the Top initiative, a $4.35 billion reform program financed by the Department of Education through", "title": "No Child Left Behind Act" } ]

[ "Troy Ian Hall", "Matt Lanter" ]

[ { "id": "18845905", "text": "Pitch Perfect 3 Pitch Perfect 3 is a 2017 American musical comedy film directed by Trish Sie and written by Kay Cannon and Mike White. A sequel to \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015), and the third installment in the \"Pitch Perfect\" series, the film stars Anna Kendrick, Anna Camp, Rebel Wilson, Brittany Snow, Hailee Steinfeld, Hana Mae Lee, Ester Dean, Chrissie Fit, Alexis Knapp, John Lithgow, Matt Lanter, Ruby Rose, Kelley Jakle, Shelley Regner, Elizabeth Banks, and John Michael Higgins. The film follows the Bellas, now graduated from college, reuniting for one final performance together during an overseas USO tour. Principal", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "18845922", "text": "in the next 12 months\". Pitch Perfect 3 Pitch Perfect 3 is a 2017 American musical comedy film directed by Trish Sie and written by Kay Cannon and Mike White. A sequel to \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015), and the third installment in the \"Pitch Perfect\" series, the film stars Anna Kendrick, Anna Camp, Rebel Wilson, Brittany Snow, Hailee Steinfeld, Hana Mae Lee, Ester Dean, Chrissie Fit, Alexis Knapp, John Lithgow, Matt Lanter, Ruby Rose, Kelley Jakle, Shelley Regner, Elizabeth Banks, and John Michael Higgins. The film follows the Bellas, now graduated from college, reuniting for one final performance together during", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "18845916", "text": "short cameo performance. Principal photography on the film began on January 5, 2017, and took place in Atlanta, Georgia, and Cádiz, Spain and Nice, France and wrapped on April 3, 2017. \"Pitch Perfect 3\" was initially scheduled for July 21, and August 4, 2017. It had its world premiere in Sydney, Australia, on November 29, 2017, and was released in the United States on December 22, 2017. \"Pitch Perfect 3\" grossed $104.9 million in the United States and Canada and $79 million in other territories, for a total of $183.9 million, against a production budget of $45 million. In the", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "16151403", "text": "officially confirmed, with Kay Cannon returning to write the script. On June 10, 2015, a third film was officially confirmed, with Kay Cannon returning to write the script. The film was slated to be released on July 21, 2017, before being pushed back to August 4, 2017, before moving back to the July 21 slot. Finally it was decided to be released on December 22, 2017. Several days later it was announced both Kendrick and Wilson would reprise their roles, and later Brittany Snow was also confirmed to return. Hailee Steinfeld is also going to reprise her role. On October", "title": "Pitch Perfect" }, { "id": "18845906", "text": "photography on the film began in January 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia and ended in April 2017. The film was released in the United States on December 22, 2017, received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $185 million worldwide. It became the second-highest-grossing musical comedy film of all time, behind only its predecessor. Three years after their final competition, the Bellas have graduated from Barden College, but all hate their jobs. Beca, Fat Amy, Chloe, Aubrey, Lilly, Stacie, Cynthia Rose, Florencia, Jessica, and Ashley are thrilled when Emily, now a senior and leader of the current Barden Bellas, asks them to", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "18845914", "text": "for Gold Circle Films, along with Max Handelman and Banks for Brownstone Productions. On October 27, 2015, Banks was officially announced to return as director for the film, though she exited in that capacity on June 3, 2016. On September 1, 2016, Trish Sie was confirmed to direct the film. On December 13, 2016, it was reported that Ruby Rose was in talks to join the film, while Anna Camp also signed on to return for the sequel. Cannon wrote the script with later drafts by Mike White and Dana Fox; White would eventually receive screenwriting credits alongside Cannon. On", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "18963256", "text": "Pitch Perfect (film series) Pitch Perfect is an American musical comedy film series created by Kay Cannon, loosely based on the non-fiction book \"Pitch Perfect: The Quest for Collegiate a Cappella Glory\" by Mickey Rapkin. Jason Moore directed the first film, and Elizabeth Banks directed the second and Trish Sie directed the third. Paul Brooks, Max Handelman, and Banks produced the films. It features an ensemble cast, including Anna Kendrick, Rebel Wilson, Anna Camp, Brittany Snow, Skylar Astin, Adam DeVine, Ben Platt, Alexis Knapp, Hana Mae Lee, Ester Dean, Hailee Steinfeld, Chrissie Fit, John Michael Higgins, and Banks. The series", "title": "Pitch Perfect (film series)" }, { "id": "18845915", "text": "January 5, 2017, a table read occurred, with Ester Dean, Hana Mae Lee, Chrissie Fit, Kelley Jakle, and Shelley Regner also being confirmed to reprise their roles, and singer Andy Allo joining as Charity, a rival in a group opposing the Bellas. While it was revealed by vocal director Deke Sharon that Alexis Knapp is returning, she wasn't spotted during the first month of filming, leading fans to show concerns that she might not be returning at all. However, on February 6, she posted a photo on Instagram, confirming her return, and was on set the following day, filming a", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "17849824", "text": "Shelley Regner, as well as Skylar Astin, Ben Platt, Adam DeVine, John Michael Higgins, and Banks all reprising their roles. It was released in the United States on May 15, 2015 by Universal Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed over $287 million worldwide. It surpassed the total gross of the original film ($115.4 million) in five days, and also became the highest-grossing music comedy film of all-time, overtaking \"School of Rock\" ($131.3 million). A sequel, \"Pitch Perfect 3\", was released on December 22, 2017. Three years after winning the previous competition, the Barden Bellas are", "title": "Pitch Perfect 2" }, { "id": "16151402", "text": "Skylar Astin, Rebel Wilson, Anna Camp, Brittany Snow, Ben Platt, Adam DeVine, Ester Dean, Alexis Knapp, Kelley Jakle, Shelley Regner, Wanetah Walmsley, Elizabeth Banks and John Higgins would all reprise their roles in the sequel. Additionally, Hailee Steinfeld and Chrissie Fit would join the cast as Emily and Flo who are the new Barden Bellas while Katey Sagal would join as Emily's mother and German YouTube star Flula Borg would appear as Pieter Kramer. It was announced in January 2014 that the sequel would be released on May 15, 2015. On June 10, 2015, plans for a third film were", "title": "Pitch Perfect" }, { "id": "16151404", "text": "18, 2016, Anna Camp was also confirmed to be returning. On January 2, 2017, Ester Dean and Chrissie Fit both confirmed that they were heading to Atlanta to film the third installment, reprising their roles. Banks was going to return to direct, and also as a producer along with Max Handelman and Paul Brooks. Banks later announced that she would be stepping down as director due to scheduling conflicts and parental responsibilities, but would remain a producer. Pitch Perfect Pitch Perfect is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Jason Moore and written by Kay Cannon. It features an ensemble", "title": "Pitch Perfect" }, { "id": "18845917", "text": "United States and Canada, \"Pitch Perfect 3\" was released alongside the openings of \"Downsizing\" and \"Father Figures\", as well as the wide expansions of \"The Shape of Water\" and \"Darkest Hour\", and was projected to gross $27–35 million from 3,447 theaters in its opening weekend. The film took in $2.1 million from Thursday night previews, about half of the $4.6 million earned by its predecessor. Over the three-day weekend, which included Christmas Eve, it grossed $19.9 million (down nearly 70% from the second film's $69.2 million debut), finishing third at the box office, behind \"\" and \"\". It grossed an", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "17849842", "text": "embrace it, we are going to seriously think about what the continuing journey would look like, but we don’t know what that is yet\". On June 10, 2015, a third film was officially confirmed, with Kay Cannon returning to write the script. Several days later it was announced both Kendrick and Wilson would reprise their roles, and later Brittany Snow was also confirmed to return. Banks returned to produce, but in June 2016 it was announced she would not be directing the film. The film was originally slated for a July 21, 2017 release, and was later pushed back to", "title": "Pitch Perfect 2" }, { "id": "18845919", "text": "of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A–\" on an A+ to F scale, the same score earned by its predecessor. Owen Gleiberman of \"Variety\" praised the cast and said, \"The new film doesn't add anything revolutionary to the \"Pitch Perfect\" formula. It still sounds like we're in middle-period \"Glee\" written by someone who finds Ryan Murphy too solemn. But as directed by Trish Sie, the movie is bubbly, it's fast, it's hella synthetic-clever, and it's an avid showcase for the personalities of its stars.\"", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "18845918", "text": "additional $6.5 million on Christmas Day, for a four-day total of $26.4 million. It dropped 15% the following weekend, grossing $16.8 million, and a total of $21.7 million over the four-day New Year's frame. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 31% based on 118 reviews and an average rating of 4.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Pitch Perfect 3\" strains to recapture the magic that helped the original spawn a franchise, but ends up sending this increasingly unnecessary trilogy out on a low note.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 40 out", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "18845907", "text": "sing at an event. Arriving at the reunion, they learn that Emily simply invited them to see the new Bellas. They later gather at a bar in disappointment, but express how much they miss each other. Aubrey convinces them to join a USO tour, near her Army officer father. Emily fills in for Stacie, who is eight months pregnant. The Bellas land at a base in Spain, greeted by their liaisons, soldiers Chicago and Zeke. They also meet the other three bands, including the mean-spirited female quartet Evermoist. The others use musical instruments, helping them defeat the Bellas in a", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "18845913", "text": "Amy spin-off.\" Director, star, and producer of the second film Elizabeth Banks acknowledged the possibility of a third film during promotion of \"Pitch Perfect 2\", saying, \"I will say, it would be disingenuous to say that no one’s talking about a \"Pitch Perfect 3\"; the possibility of it.\" On June 10, 2015, a third film was officially confirmed, and Kay Cannon was set to return to write the script. On June 15, 2015, it was announced that Kendrick and Wilson would both reprise their roles, and on July 28, 2015, Brittany Snow signed on to return. Paul Brooks again produced", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "3635655", "text": "Héctor Elizondo Héctor Elizondo (born December 22, 1936) is an American actor. Elizondo is best known for his television roles playing Dr. Phillip Watters on \"Chicago Hope\" and Ed Alzate on \"Last Man Standing\", and movie roles like Mr. Grey in \"The Taking of Pelham One Two Three\", Detective Sunday in \"American Gigolo\", Barnard Thompson in \"Pretty Woman\", and Jon Flint in \"Beverly Hills Cop III\". Elizondo's awards and accolades include a Golden Globe Award nomination, an Emmy Award (five nominations), two ALMA Awards (eight nominations), and five Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. Elizondo was born in New York City,", "title": "Héctor Elizondo" }, { "id": "13487568", "text": "Anna Camp Anna Ragsdale Camp (born September 27, 1982) is an American actress and singer. She is perhaps best known for her roles as the villainous Sarah Newlin in the HBO vampire drama \"True Blood\" and Aubrey Posen in the musical comedy films \"Pitch Perfect\" (2012), \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015), and \"Pitch Perfect 3\" (2017). She has had recurring roles in the television series \"Mad Men\", \"The Good Wife\", and \"The Mindy Project\". She made her Broadway debut in the 2008 production of \"A Country House\" and played Jill Mason in the 2008 Broadway revival of Peter Shaffer's \"Equus\". In", "title": "Anna Camp" }, { "id": "17820092", "text": "Ronnie Kerr Ronnie Kerr (born Ronald George Smith III, 30 March 1974) is an American actor, best known for playing the role of Romeo in \"The Army Show\" and the movie \"Shut up and Kiss Me\" in 2010. He has also starred in many other films and been as a personal trainer to several celebrity clients. His first TV role was in \"NYPD Blue\" in 2001 which led to other film and TV roles. He was born as Ronald George Smith III in Pompton Plains, New Jersey. He went to Southwestern Oklahoma State University in Weatherford, Oklahoma with a full", "title": "Ronnie Kerr" }, { "id": "17849831", "text": "Clay Matthews, David Bakhtiari, Don Barclay, Josh Sitton and T.J. Lang play themselves in cameos. Also appearing as themselves are Snoop Dogg, Natalie Morales, Jake Tapper, Joe Scarborough, Mika Brzezinski, Jimmy Kimmel, Rosie O'Donnell, Rosie Perez, Nicolle Wallace, Jordan Rodgers, Christina Aguilera, Adam Levine, Blake Shelton and Pharrell Williams. Robin Roberts, C.J. Perry and Kether Donohue appear as Legacy Bellas during the finale. Additionally, President Barack Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama and Shonda Rhimes briefly appear via archive footage. In December 2012, Skylar Astin revealed that he and Rebel Wilson have had meetings with Universal Studios about the potential sequel.", "title": "Pitch Perfect 2" }, { "id": "18845912", "text": "quiet because she was possessed by Satan, the bomb snapped her out of it, and her real name is Esther; Lilly and DJ Dragon Nutz become an item; Aubrey reconnects with her father; Chloe and Chicago become an item; and Beca is now Theo’s boss. On April 11, 2015, a month before the release of the second film, it was announced that Rebel Wilson would return for a third film, although she stated that she did not know if Anna Kendrick or other cast members would also reprise their roles. She added that she would be \"up for a Fat", "title": "Pitch Perfect 3" }, { "id": "13487574", "text": "actor Michael Mosley by September 2008; they married in 2010 and filed for divorce in 2013. Camp began dating \"Pitch Perfect\" co-star Skylar Astin in 2013. The couple were reported to be engaged in January 2016. They married on September 10, 2016. Anna Camp Anna Ragsdale Camp (born September 27, 1982) is an American actress and singer. She is perhaps best known for her roles as the villainous Sarah Newlin in the HBO vampire drama \"True Blood\" and Aubrey Posen in the musical comedy films \"Pitch Perfect\" (2012), \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015), and \"Pitch Perfect 3\" (2017). She has had", "title": "Anna Camp" }, { "id": "17622616", "text": "Ben Platt (actor) Benjamin Schiff Platt (born September 24, 1993) is an American actor and singer known for his portrayal of the title character in the Broadway musical \"Dear Evan Hansen,\" a performance for which he has won numerous awards, including the 2017 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. Platt's credits include the role of Elder Arnold Cunningham in \"The Book of Mormon\" and Benji Applebaum in the musical films \"Pitch Perfect\" (2012) and \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015). Platt was born in Los Angeles, the fourth of five children of Julie (née Beren) and Marc Platt. His father", "title": "Ben Platt (actor)" }, { "id": "16997707", "text": "The Expendables 3 The Expendables 3 is a 2014 American action film directed by Patrick Hughes and written by Creighton Rothenberger, Katrin Benedikt and Sylvester Stallone. It is the third installment in \"The Expendables\" film series and the sequel to \"The Expendables\" (2010) and \"The Expendables 2\" (2012). The film features an ensemble cast of stars including Stallone, Jason Statham, Antonio Banderas, Jet Li, Wesley Snipes, Dolph Lundgren, Kelsey Grammer, Randy Couture, Terry Crews, Kellan Lutz, Ronda Rousey, Glen Powell, Victor Ortiz, Mel Gibson, Harrison Ford and Arnold Schwarzenegger. The story follows the mercenary group known as \"The Expendables\" as", "title": "The Expendables 3" }, { "id": "10688190", "text": "Skylar Astin Skylar Astin Lipstein (born September 23, 1987), known professionally as Skylar Astin, is an American actor, model and singer. He became known for portraying Jesse Swanson in the musical films \"Pitch Perfect\" (2012) and \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015). He was also in the original cast of the Broadway musical \"Spring Awakening\", and has since appeared in films such as \"Hamlet 2\" (2008), \"Taking Woodstock\" (2009), \"Cavemen\" (2013), and \"21 & Over\" (2013). Astin was born in New York City, the son of Meryl and Barry Lipstein, a garment industry executive. He grew up in New City, New York,", "title": "Skylar Astin" }, { "id": "15661056", "text": "Adam DeVine Adam Patrick DeVine (born November 7, 1983) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer, and singer. He is one of the stars and co-creators of the Comedy Central series \"Workaholics\", as well as \"Adam DeVine's House Party\". He plays the role of Bumper in the musical films \"Pitch Perfect\" and \"Pitch Perfect 2\" and Andy in the sitcom \"Modern Family\". His other roles include \"Neighbors\", \"The Intern\", \"The Final Girls\", \"Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates\", \"Game Over, Man!\" and \"When We First Met\". He has voiced characters in films including \"\" and \"The Lego Batman Movie\". DeVine", "title": "Adam DeVine" }, { "id": "18783230", "text": "film was released on November 4, 2016, through video on demand and select theaters before being released through DVD and Blu-ray on November 15, 2016. The film received negative reviews. It currently holds a 27% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. Army of One (2016 film) Army of One is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Larry Charles and written by Rajiv Joseph and Scott Rothman. The film stars Nicolas Cage, Wendi McLendon-Covey, Rainn Wilson, Russell Brand, Denis O'Hare, Paul Scheer, and Will Sasso. The film was released through video on", "title": "Army of One (2016 film)" }, { "id": "3795255", "text": "Jenna Backstrom on \"Harry's Law\" (2011). Her film roles include Kate Spencer in \"John Tucker Must Die\" (2006), Amber Von Tussle in \"Hairspray\" (2007), Donna Keppel in \"Prom Night\" (2008), Emma Gainsborough in \"The Vicious Kind\" (2009), and Chloe Beale in the musical comedies \"Pitch Perfect\" (2012), \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015), and \"Pitch Perfect 3\" (2017). Snow is also the co-creator of the Love is Louder movement, a project dedicated to stop bullying in schools. Snow was born and raised in Tampa, Florida on March 9, 1986, the daughter of Cinda and John Snow. She has a half-brother, John, Jr.,", "title": "Brittany Snow" }, { "id": "18801859", "text": "Maze Runner: The Death Cure Maze Runner: The Death Cure (also known simply as The Death Cure) is a 2018 American dystopian science fiction action film directed by Wes Ball and written by T.S. Nowlin, based on the novel \"The Death Cure\" written by James Dashner. It is the sequel to the 2015 film \"\" and the third and final installment in the \"Maze Runner\" film series. The film stars Dylan O'Brien, Kaya Scodelario, Thomas Brodie-Sangster, Dexter Darden, Nathalie Emmanuel, Giancarlo Esposito, Aidan Gillen, Walton Goggins, Ki Hong Lee, Jacob Lofland, Katherine McNamara, Barry Pepper, Will Poulter, Rosa Salazar, and", "title": "Maze Runner: The Death Cure" }, { "id": "12723422", "text": "week the Green Bay Packers won the Super Bowl XLV after WWE invited the winning team to the show that is taking place in their hometown. Matthews and his Packers teammates Josh Sitton, David Bakhtiari, T.J. Lang, and Don Barclay had cameo appearances in the film \"Pitch Perfect 2\". Clay Matthews III William Clay Matthews III (born May 14, 1986) is an American football outside linebacker for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). After attending Agoura High School in Agoura Hills, California, Matthews was a walk-on student athlete at the University of Southern California for the", "title": "Clay Matthews III" }, { "id": "12955491", "text": "Get On Up, and Straight Outta Compton, Harvey served as music producer for the NBC broadcast of The Wiz Live! which aired on December 3, 2015 and he produced over 50 songs for the animated musical SING from Universal/Illumination Entertainment which was released on December 3, 2016. SING received two Golden Globe Awards nominations for Best Animated Feature Film and Best Original Song for the song \"Faith.\" In 2017, Mason Jr. served as executive music producer for Pitch Perfect 3 - the final installment of the blockbuster Universal Pictures franchise, as well as the musical reworking of the 1980s classic", "title": "Harvey Mason Jr." }, { "id": "16344636", "text": "Alexis Knapp Alexis Merizalde Knapp (born July 31, 1989) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role as Stacie Conrad in the musical films \"Pitch Perfect\" (2012) and its two sequels, \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015) and \"Pitch Perfect 3\" (2017). She is also known for her role of Alexis in the party film \"Project X\" (2012), and her role on the first season of the TBS comedy \"Ground Floor\". Knapp was born in Avonmore, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Marjorie and Bradford Elwood Knapp. She grew up in the Outer Banks of North Carolina before leaving home", "title": "Alexis Knapp" }, { "id": "18294742", "text": "Suicide Squad (film) Suicide Squad is a 2016 American superhero film based on the DC Comics supervillain team of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the third installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is written and directed by David Ayer and stars an ensemble cast featuring Will Smith, Jared Leto, Margot Robbie, Joel Kinnaman, Viola Davis, Jai Courtney, Jay Hernandez, Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Ike Barinholtz, Scott Eastwood, and Cara Delevingne. In \"Suicide Squad\", a secret government agency led by Amanda Waller recruits imprisoned supervillains to execute dangerous black ops missions and save the world", "title": "Suicide Squad (film)" }, { "id": "6278058", "text": "starring role in the film \"The Legend of Tillamook's Gold\". Most recently, McNamara had a starring role as General Holden, husband of Claudia-Joy Holden (Kim Delaney), on the Lifetime series \"Army Wives\" (2007-2013). He also played Todd Young, in \"Caddyshack II\" (1988). He guest starred in the 2010 \"\" episode . He was in full motion video game, Silent Steel in 1995. In 2015, McNamara guest starred in \"\". In 2017, he guest starred in \"Hawaii Five-O\"'s Season 7, Episode 22, Waimaka 'ele'ele. Brian McNamara Brian McNamara (born November 21, 1960) is an American actor, known for his portrayal of", "title": "Brian McNamara" }, { "id": "18773203", "text": "Shelley Regner Shelley Anne Regner (born December 21, 1988) is an American actress and singer, known for her role as Ashley in the musical films \"Pitch Perfect\" (2012), and its two sequels \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015) and \"Pitch Perfect 3\" (2017). Regner was born and raised in the Baton Rouge area, the daughter of Jan and Donald Regner, a businessman. She has a sister, Lauren Regner, who is also a performer. She is a graduate of Parkview Baptist High School, and graduated from Louisiana State University with a degree in theatre in 2011. In college, she was a member of", "title": "Shelley Regner" }, { "id": "16151382", "text": "Pitch Perfect Pitch Perfect is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Jason Moore and written by Kay Cannon. It features an ensemble cast, including Anna Kendrick, Skylar Astin, Rebel Wilson, Anna Camp, Brittany Snow, Hana Mae Lee, Alexis Knapp, Ester Dean, Adam DeVine, Ben Platt, John Michael Higgins, and Elizabeth Banks. The plot follows Barden University's all-girl a cappella group, The Barden Bellas, as they compete against another a cappella group from their college to win Nationals. The film is loosely adapted from Mickey Rapkin's non-fiction book, titled \"Pitch Perfect: The Quest for Collegiate a Cappella Glory\". Filming concluded", "title": "Pitch Perfect" }, { "id": "6398905", "text": "Mike Vogel Michael James Vogel (born July 17, 1979) is an American actor and former model. Vogel began acting in 2001, and has since appeared in several films and series, including \"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre\", \"The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants\", \"Grind\", \"Poseidon\", \"Blue Valentine\", \"The Help\", \"Bates Motel\", \"Cloverfield\", \"Under the Dome\" and \"The Case for Christ\". As of autumn 2017, he now plays the male lead in the new NBC military drama series \"The Brave\" for the 2017–18 season. Vogel was born in Abington Township, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia, to Kathy and Jim Vogel, and was raised", "title": "Mike Vogel" }, { "id": "15661066", "text": "military personnel across the world, and describes it as \"the most rewarding experience of [his] life\". After meeting on the set of \"The Final Girls\" in 2014, DeVine began dating Chloe Bridges in February 2015. Adam DeVine Adam Patrick DeVine (born November 7, 1983) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer, and singer. He is one of the stars and co-creators of the Comedy Central series \"Workaholics\", as well as \"Adam DeVine's House Party\". He plays the role of Bumper in the musical films \"Pitch Perfect\" and \"Pitch Perfect 2\" and Andy in the sitcom \"Modern Family\". His other roles", "title": "Adam DeVine" }, { "id": "18801874", "text": "on an A+ to F scale. Maze Runner: The Death Cure Maze Runner: The Death Cure (also known simply as The Death Cure) is a 2018 American dystopian science fiction action film directed by Wes Ball and written by T.S. Nowlin, based on the novel \"The Death Cure\" written by James Dashner. It is the sequel to the 2015 film \"\" and the third and final installment in the \"Maze Runner\" film series. The film stars Dylan O'Brien, Kaya Scodelario, Thomas Brodie-Sangster, Dexter Darden, Nathalie Emmanuel, Giancarlo Esposito, Aidan Gillen, Walton Goggins, Ki Hong Lee, Jacob Lofland, Katherine McNamara, Barry", "title": "Maze Runner: The Death Cure" }, { "id": "17849823", "text": "Pitch Perfect 2 Pitch Perfect 2 is a 2015 American musical comedy film directed and produced by Elizabeth Banks and written by Kay Cannon. It is a sequel to the 2012 film \"Pitch Perfect\" and the second installment in the \"Pitch Perfect\" film series. The film centers on the fictional Barden University Bellas, an all-female a cappella singing group, who try to beat out the German national team in a world singing championship. The film features an ensemble cast, including Anna Kendrick, Rebel Wilson, Hailee Steinfeld, Brittany Snow, Hana Mae Lee, Alexis Knapp, Ester Dean, Chrissie Fit, Kelley Jakle, and", "title": "Pitch Perfect 2" }, { "id": "16997737", "text": "And there are projects that I had to turn down.\" The Expendables 3 The Expendables 3 is a 2014 American action film directed by Patrick Hughes and written by Creighton Rothenberger, Katrin Benedikt and Sylvester Stallone. It is the third installment in \"The Expendables\" film series and the sequel to \"The Expendables\" (2010) and \"The Expendables 2\" (2012). The film features an ensemble cast of stars including Stallone, Jason Statham, Antonio Banderas, Jet Li, Wesley Snipes, Dolph Lundgren, Kelsey Grammer, Randy Couture, Terry Crews, Kellan Lutz, Ronda Rousey, Glen Powell, Victor Ortiz, Mel Gibson, Harrison Ford and Arnold Schwarzenegger. The", "title": "The Expendables 3" }, { "id": "2988507", "text": "released on iTunes on February 1, 2012. Scream 3 Scream 3 is a 2000 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Ehren Kruger. It stars Neve Campbell, David Arquette, Courteney Cox, Patrick Dempsey, Scott Foley, Lance Henriksen, Matt Keeslar, Jenny McCarthy, Emily Mortimer, Parker Posey, Deon Richmond, and Patrick Warburton. Released as the third installment in the \"Scream\" franchise, it was the concluding chapter of the series until the franchise was revived in 2011 with a sequel, \"Scream 4\". The film takes place three years after the previous film and follows Sidney Prescott (Campbell), who has gone", "title": "Scream 3" }, { "id": "6237670", "text": "Geoff Stults Geoffrey Manton \"Geoff\" Stults (born December 15, 1977) is an American actor. He is known for his regular roles on \"7th Heaven\", \"October Road\" and \"Happy Town\". He most recently starred as Major Walter Sherman in \"The Finder\" and as Sgt. Pete Hill in \"Enlisted\". He played the recurring role of Mitch in seasons 1-3 of the Netflix series \"Grace and Frankie\". His film roles include \"The Break-Up\", \"Unforgettable\", \"Only the Brave\", and \"12 Strong\". Stults was born in Detroit, Michigan and raised in Green Mountain Falls, Colorado. His brother is actor George Stults. He graduated from Manitou", "title": "Geoff Stults" }, { "id": "16151397", "text": "Blu-Ray release followed on March 22, 2018. \"Pitch Perfect\" grossed $65 million in North America and $50.3 million in other territories for a total gross of $115.4 million since release, against a $17 million budget. The film opened in limited release in the United States and Canada on September 28, 2012, and wide release in the United States and Canada on October 5, 2012. It grossed $1.8 million upon its opening day of limited release and $4.9 million on its first day of wide release. In its wide opening weekend, the film opened at number three, behind \"Taken 2\" and", "title": "Pitch Perfect" }, { "id": "11799883", "text": "coming-of-age film \"Get a Job\", which received a limited release in March 2016 after being delayed since 2012. Also in 2016, Kendrick starred in the commercially successful comedy \"Mike and Dave Need Wedding Dates\", alongside Zac Efron, Adam DeVine, and Aubrey Plaza, voiced a main character, Poppy, in the animated film \"Trolls\", and co-starred in the action thriller \"The Accountant\", with Ben Affleck. Kendrick's memoir \"Scrappy Little Nobody\" was published on November 15, 2016. Kendrick starred in \"Table 19\", which was released March 3, 2017. She again took up the role of Beca Mitchell in \"Pitch Perfect 3\", released on", "title": "Anna Kendrick" }, { "id": "14311513", "text": "and triple platinum in Canada. Steinfeld played the lead role in \"The Edge of Seventeen\", a coming-of-age comedy co-starring Blake Jenner, Woody Harrelson and Kyra Sedgwick, and written and directed by Kelly Fremon Craig. The film was released November 18, 2016, to positive reviews, and Steinfeld's performance was praised by critics and earned a Golden Globe Award nomination. Steinfeld signed on to star in the Bumblebee-centered \"Transformers\" film of the same name, and reprised her role as Emily Junk in \"Pitch Perfect 3\" (2017). Steinfeld released two singles in 2017: \"Most Girls\" in April, which peaked at number 58 on", "title": "Hailee Steinfeld" }, { "id": "3724110", "text": "was named for Ferrer by his friend, writer Peter David, who co-created the character. Miguel Ferrer Miguel José Ferrer (February 7, 1955 – January 19, 2017) was an American actor and voice actor. His breakthrough role was the OCP Vice President Bob Morton in the 1987 film \"RoboCop\". Other film roles include Quigley in \"Blank Check\" (1994), Harbinger in \"Hot Shots! Part Deux\" (1993), Shan Yu in \"Mulan\" (1998), Eduardo Ruiz in \"Traffic\" (2000) and Vice President Rodriguez in \"Iron Man 3\" (2013). Ferrer's notable television roles include FBI Agent Albert Rosenfield on \"Twin Peaks\" (1990–1991, 2017), Dr. Garret Macy", "title": "Miguel Ferrer" }, { "id": "17947635", "text": "Perfect 3\" (2017). Hana Mae Lee Hana Mae Lee (born September 28, 1988) is an American actress, model, comedian, and fashion designer. She is best known for playing Lilly Onakuramara in the 2012 film \"Pitch Perfect\" and its sequels, \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015) and \"Pitch Perfect 3\" (2017). She also owns her own fashion line titled \"Hanamahn\". Lee, who is of Korean ancestry, was born in Southern California, and graduated from Otis College of Art and Design. She was 16 when she started modeling. Lee has appeared in campaigns for Honda, Jeep, Apple Inc., Nokia, Sebastian, American Express, HP, Cherry", "title": "Hana Mae Lee" }, { "id": "17829661", "text": "Po forms the army of pandas to battle Kai's jade minions and Po must become a master of chi to defeat him and save his friends. The film was directed by Jennifer Yuh Nelson and Alessandro Carloni and written by Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger. Jack Black, Dustin Hoffman, Angelina Jolie, Lucy Liu, Seth Rogen, David Cross, James Hong and Jackie Chan reprise their roles from the previous films with Randall Duk Kim reprising his role of Oogway from the first film. They are joined by Bryan Cranston, J. K. Simmons and Kate Hudson in the roles of Li Shan,", "title": "Kung Fu Panda 3" }, { "id": "4876994", "text": "Gabriel Jarret Gabriel Jarret (born Gabriel Kronsberg; January 1, 1970) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as the young genius Mitch Taylor in the 1985 comedy film \"Real Genius\" in which he co-starred with Val Kilmer. Jarret's first film was \"Going Ape!\" in 1981. Other film roles include \"The Karate Kid Part III\", \"Apollo 13\", and \"Last Days\". Jarret made guest appearances in \"21 Jump Street\", \"L.A. Law\", \"Party of Five\", and \"The West Wing\". Jarret appeared as 1st Officer Chapman in \"Poseidon\". He performed in the Ron Howard film \"Frost/Nixon\" as Nixon speechwriter Ken", "title": "Gabriel Jarret" }, { "id": "16151399", "text": "performances are excellent and the musical numbers are toe-tapping as well.\" Metacritic gives a weighted average score of 66 out of 100, based on reviews from 33 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale. NPR's David Edelstein selected it as one of the top films of the year and \"Entertainment Weekly\" chose the soundtrack as one of the year's best. Chris Tookey of the \"Daily Mail\" praised Rebel Wilson in particular for her performance. Roger Ebert gave the film 2 stars out of 4, praising", "title": "Pitch Perfect" }, { "id": "17151471", "text": "in the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" campaign \"Force Grey: Lost City of Omu\", hosted by Matthew Mercer. He currently plays Raj on the sitcom \"Brockmire\". Utkarsh Ambudkar Utkarsh Ambudkar ( ; born December 8, 1983) is an American actor. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. He is a former VJ for MTV Desi. He has appeared in the comedy film \"Pitch Perfect\" as the character Donald, and in the television shows, \"The Mindy Project\" and \"The Muppets\". He is set to star", "title": "Utkarsh Ambudkar" }, { "id": "3724102", "text": "Miguel Ferrer Miguel José Ferrer (February 7, 1955 – January 19, 2017) was an American actor and voice actor. His breakthrough role was the OCP Vice President Bob Morton in the 1987 film \"RoboCop\". Other film roles include Quigley in \"Blank Check\" (1994), Harbinger in \"Hot Shots! Part Deux\" (1993), Shan Yu in \"Mulan\" (1998), Eduardo Ruiz in \"Traffic\" (2000) and Vice President Rodriguez in \"Iron Man 3\" (2013). Ferrer's notable television roles include FBI Agent Albert Rosenfield on \"Twin Peaks\" (1990–1991, 2017), Dr. Garret Macy on \"Crossing Jordan\" (2001–2007), Tarakudo on \"Jackie Chan Adventures\" (2000-2005) and NCIS Assistant Director", "title": "Miguel Ferrer" }, { "id": "5486417", "text": "William Fichtner William Edward Fichtner Jr. (born November 27, 1956) is an American actor who has appeared in a number of films and TV series. He is known for his roles as Sheriff Tom Underlay in \"Invasion\" and Alexander Mahone on \"Prison Break\". His film appearances include \"Heat\", \"Contact\", \"Armageddon\", \"The Perfect Storm\", \"Go\", \"Crash\", \"Blades of Glory\", \"Black Hawk Down\", \"The Longest Yard\", \"Mr. & Mrs. Smith\", \"The Dark Knight\", \"Date Night\", \"The Lone Ranger\", \"Elysium\", \"\" and \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\". Fichtner was born on Mitchel Air Force Base on Long Island, and was raised in Cheektowaga, New", "title": "William Fichtner" }, { "id": "6981956", "text": "2013–2015. He hosted the U.S. version of \"The Planet's Funniest Animals\" on Animal Planet from 2005 until the series' end in 2008. He has had supporting roles in several films, including \"Let's Be Cops\" (2014), \"Tomorrowland\" (2015) and \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015). Also in 2015, Key appeared at the White House Correspondents' Dinner as the character Luther, President Barack Obama's anger translator. He produced and starred in the 2016 film \"Keanu\" with his \"Key & Peele\" co-star Jordan Peele. In 2017, Key made his Broadway debut in Steve Martin's comedy \"Meteor Shower\". Key was born in Southfield, Michigan on March", "title": "Keegan-Michael Key" }, { "id": "9896281", "text": "Scott Adkins Scott Edward Adkins (born 17 June 1976) is an English actor and martial artist who is best known for playing Russian prison fighter Yuri Boyka in the 2006 film \"\" and its two sequels: \"\" (2010) and \"\" (2016) and as Casey Bowman in the 2009 film \"Ninja\" and its 2013 sequel \"\". He has also appeared in \"Doctor Strange\", \"The Bourne Ultimatum, The Expendables 2\" and \"Zero Dark Thirty\". Scott Edward Adkins was born in Sutton Coldfield, a town within Birmingham, England on 17 June 1976 into a family of butchers. He is of Spanish descent. He", "title": "Scott Adkins" }, { "id": "17849841", "text": "would return for a third film, although she stated that she did not know if Anna Kendrick or any of the other cast members would also be reprising their roles. She added that she would be \"up for a Fat Amy spin-off,\" although nothing had yet been confirmed. Director, star, and producer Elizabeth Banks acknowledged the possibility of a third film, saying, \"I will say, it would be disingenuous to say that no one's talking about a \"Pitch Perfect 3\"; the possibility of it. We are really focused on getting as many butts in seats for this one. If fans", "title": "Pitch Perfect 2" }, { "id": "3129232", "text": "States. Sean Kanan Sean Kanan (born November 2, 1966) is an American actor and TV Host, best known for his portrayals of A. J. Quartermaine on \"General Hospital\", Deacon Sharpe on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" and \"The Young and the Restless\", and Mike Barnes in \"The Karate Kid Part III\". Kanan was born Sean Perelman to Dale and Michele Perelman in Cleveland, Ohio. His family later relocated to New Castle, Pennsylvania. He attended Mercersburg Academy in Pennsylvania, Boston University and UCLA where he earned a degree in political science. Kanan received his big break working for Academy Award-winning director", "title": "Sean Kanan" }, { "id": "10601547", "text": "Sky Atlantic's \"The Tunnel\". In 2017, Ash played Leighton Thomas in ITV's serial killer drama, \"The Loch\". He is a second cousin of actor Peter Ash. William Ash (actor) William Ash (born 13 January 1977) is a British actor. He is known for roles in the television dramas \"Soldier Soldier\" (Series 3-4), \"Where the Heart Is\" (1997–98), \"Clocking Off\" (2001–02), \"Waterloo Road\" (2009–11) and \"The Tunnel\" (2016). His film appearances include \"Mad About Mambo\" (2000) and \"Hush\" (2008). Born in Chadderton, near Oldham, Ash's first TV appearance was as Spike in Coronation Street aged 10. He then had a regular", "title": "William Ash (actor)" }, { "id": "8828986", "text": "the American satellite television network Dish Network launched a marketing campaign for its Hopper DVR featuring Wilson as the voice of the eponymous computer animated kangaroo. Wilson reprised her role in the sequels \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015) and \"Pitch Perfect 3\" (2017). She also made a cameo in the television comedy \"Pompidou\". Wilson joined the voice cast for \"Kung Fu Panda 3\", however in September 2015, she was replaced with Kate Hudson. Wilson next appeared in the ensemble comedy \"How to Be Single\", released in February 2016. Nigel M Smith of \"The Guardian\" wrote \"Wilson is the standout, nailing every", "title": "Rebel Wilson" }, { "id": "18783228", "text": "Army of One (2016 film) Army of One is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Larry Charles and written by Rajiv Joseph and Scott Rothman. The film stars Nicolas Cage, Wendi McLendon-Covey, Rainn Wilson, Russell Brand, Denis O'Hare, Paul Scheer, and Will Sasso. The film was released through video on demand and select theaters on November 4, 2016, before being released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 15, 2016, by TWC-Dimension and Anchor Bay Entertainment. The film follows Gary Faulkner, an ex-construction contractor and unemployed handy man who believes God has sent him to capture Osama bin Laden in", "title": "Army of One (2016 film)" }, { "id": "17820095", "text": "singer/actor Tom Goss and Andrew Lauer. He was voted one of the top three trainers in Denver, Colorado by \"Mile High Sports Magazine\" and one of the top two trainers in Dallas, Texas by the \"Dallas Voice\". Kerr also had a bit part in George Strait's 'Don't Make Me Come Over There and Love You', filmed in 2000. Ronnie Kerr Ronnie Kerr (born Ronald George Smith III, 30 March 1974) is an American actor, best known for playing the role of Romeo in \"The Army Show\" and the movie \"Shut up and Kiss Me\" in 2010. He has also starred", "title": "Ronnie Kerr" }, { "id": "13189956", "text": "Iron Man 3 Iron Man 3 (stylized onscreen as Iron Man Three) is a 2013 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Iron Man, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2008's \"Iron Man\" and 2010's \"Iron Man 2\", and the seventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by Shane Black from a screenplay he co-wrote with Drew Pearce, and stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man, alongside Gwyneth Paltrow, Don Cheadle, Guy Pearce, Rebecca Hall, Stéphanie Szostak, James Badge", "title": "Iron Man 3" }, { "id": "9113488", "text": "Paquin. In 2012, Burnet completed work as a lead in the feature film \"Two Jacks\" alongside Sienna Miller. Other roles include work in \"Boxing Day (2012 film)\", a Leo Tolstoy adaptation directed by Bernard Rose, in the thriller \"Rites of Passage\" with Christian Slater and Stephen Dorff, and in \"Age of Heroes (film)\" a period war film with Sean Bean. Burnet then went on to play Ewan Mcgregor's partner in crime caper \"Mortdecai\" opposite Johnny Depp. Burnet co-starred in the musical comedy film \"Pitch Perfect 3\", opposite Anna Kendrick. Burnet is cast in \"Jacob's Ladder (2019 film)\" the upcoming remake", "title": "Guy Burnet" }, { "id": "1470625", "text": "Ed Harris Edward Allen Harris (born November 28, 1950) is an American actor, producer, director, and screenwriter. His performances in \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"The Truman Show\" (1998), \"Pollock\" (2000) and \"The Hours\" (2002) earned him critical acclaim in addition to Academy Award nominations. Harris has appeared in several leading and supporting roles, such as in \"The Right Stuff\" (1983), \"The Abyss\" (1989), \"State of Grace\" (1990), \"Glengarry Glen Ross\" (1992), \"Nixon\" (1995), \"The Rock\" (1996), \"Stepmom\" (1998), \"A Beautiful Mind\" (2001), \"Enemy at the Gates\" (2001), \"A History of Violence\" (2005), \"Gone Baby Gone\" (2007), \"Snowpiercer\" (2013), and \"Mother!\" (2017).", "title": "Ed Harris" }, { "id": "15053500", "text": "first starring Stewart Granger under his new seven-year contract with MGM following the success of \"King Solomon's Mines\" – the others were a remake of \"Scaramouche\" and \"Robinson Crusoe\". The latter film was never made. The initial cast was to be Granger, Gene Kelly and Walter Pidgeon. Granger was to play Irishman Terence Mulvaney, with the other lead characters called Ortheris and Learoyd. Tay Garnett signed to direct. Eventually Kelly dropped out and David Niven and Cyril Cusack signed on to star. Greta Gynt was given her first role in American films as the female lead. The bulk of the", "title": "Soldiers Three (film)" }, { "id": "17622626", "text": "Tony Awards, Platt won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. Ben Platt (actor) Benjamin Schiff Platt (born September 24, 1993) is an American actor and singer known for his portrayal of the title character in the Broadway musical \"Dear Evan Hansen,\" a performance for which he has won numerous awards, including the 2017 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. Platt's credits include the role of Elder Arnold Cunningham in \"The Book of Mormon\" and Benji Applebaum in the musical films \"Pitch Perfect\" (2012) and \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015). Platt was born in Los Angeles, the", "title": "Ben Platt (actor)" }, { "id": "10688195", "text": "\"Pitch Perfect\" co-star Anna Camp in 2013. The couple were engaged in January 2016 and married on September 10, 2016. Skylar Astin Skylar Astin Lipstein (born September 23, 1987), known professionally as Skylar Astin, is an American actor, model and singer. He became known for portraying Jesse Swanson in the musical films \"Pitch Perfect\" (2012) and \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015). He was also in the original cast of the Broadway musical \"Spring Awakening\", and has since appeared in films such as \"Hamlet 2\" (2008), \"Taking Woodstock\" (2009), \"Cavemen\" (2013), and \"21 & Over\" (2013). Astin was born in New York", "title": "Skylar Astin" }, { "id": "5300479", "text": "X-Men: The Last Stand X-Men: The Last Stand is a 2006 superhero film, based on the X-Men superhero team introduced in Marvel Comics. It is the sequel to 2003's \"X2,\" the third installment in the \"X-Men\" film series. The film was directed by Brett Ratner, written by Simon Kinberg and Zak Penn, and features an ensemble cast, including Hugh Jackman, Halle Berry, Ian McKellen, Famke Janssen, Anna Paquin, Kelsey Grammer, James Marsden, Rebecca Romijn, Shawn Ashmore, Aaron Stanford, Vinnie Jones, and Patrick Stewart. The film's script is loosely based on two \"X-Men\" comic book story arcs: \"The Dark Phoenix Saga\"", "title": "X-Men: The Last Stand" }, { "id": "12470566", "text": "public. She was also cast in a guest role, as the service robot Wendy, in the science fiction series \"Dark Matter\". In 2016, Rose and Tom Felton lent their voices to the animated title \"Sheep & Wolves\", with Rose as fiancé Bianca. In 2016 and 2017, Rose appeared in three action film sequels, \"\", alongside Vin Diesel, \"\" as Abigail, and \"\", alongside Keanu Reeves; she also played a musical rival in the comedy \"Pitch Perfect 3\", which was released in December 2017. Rose co-starred in the Warner Bros. film \"The Meg\", a shark epic based on the , alongside", "title": "Ruby Rose" }, { "id": "17622620", "text": "non-fiction book \"Pitch Perfect: The Quest for Collegiate A Cappella Glory\". Platt played the magic-obsessed Benji Applebaum, alongside an ensemble cast including Anna Kendrick, Skylar Astin, Rebel Wilson, Adam DeVine, Anna Camp and Brittany Snow. The film emerged as a major commercial success and received mostly positive reviews from critics. He was subsequently nominated at a Teen Choice Awards in the category Choice Movie: Male Scene Stealer for his work. In 2015, Platt reprised his role as Benji Applebaum in the sequel, \"Pitch Perfect 2\". He has since made subsequent film appearances in \"Ricki and the Flash\" and \"Billy Lynn's", "title": "Ben Platt (actor)" }, { "id": "16997733", "text": "On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100 based on reviews from 35 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". The film received an average \"A−\", CinemaScore from audiences, on an A+ to F scale. Kelsey Grammer won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor for his work in the film (along with \"\", \"Think Like a Man Too\" and \"\") while Mel Gibson and Arnold Schwarzenegger were also nominated in that category at the 35th Golden Raspberry Awards. A fourth film was confirmed to be in development in March 2014, by actor Pierce Brosnan", "title": "The Expendables 3" }, { "id": "17765506", "text": "Cars 3 Cars 3 is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated comedy-adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by Brian Fee in his directorial debut, written by Kiel Murray, Bob Peterson and Mike Rich, and executive-produced by John Lasseter, who directed the previous \"Cars\" films, the film is the third installment of the \"Cars\" franchise and a sequel to \"Cars 2\" (2011). The returning voices of Owen Wilson, Bonnie Hunt and Larry the Cable Guy are joined by Cristela Alonzo, Chris Cooper, Armie Hammer, Nathan Fillion, Kerry Washington and Lea DeLaria, in addition to", "title": "Cars 3" }, { "id": "4705947", "text": "to appear once the player reaches the original \"MK3\" level cycle). The arcade version features all playable characters from \"Mortal Kombat 3\", who were portrayed by the same actors: Cyrax (Sal Divita), Liu Kang (Eddie Wong), Kabal (Richard Divizio), Kano (Richard Divizio), Kung Lao (Tony Marquez), Stryker (Michael O'Brien), Jax Briggs (John Parrish), Nightwolf (Sal Divita), Sektor (Sal Divita), Shang Tsung (John Turk), Sheeva (stop motion) (not available in Genesis and SNES versions), Sindel (Lia Montelongo), Smoke (Sal Divita), Sonya Blade (Kerri Hoskins) and Sub-Zero (John Turk). The boss and sub-boss from \"MK3\", Motaro (stop motion) and Shao Kahn (Brian", "title": "Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3" }, { "id": "6865348", "text": "Thinking himself discharged, Larry drives off in a buggy with Amelia, but the crafty Mike shows the post's commanding officer the reenlistment paper he had promised to destroy. Larry, it appears, will be forced to serve another hitch with Mike and Chip. Directed by John Sturges, written by W. R. Burnett, and produced by Frank Sinatra, the movie features Sinatra in the Victor McLaglen role, Martin in the Cary Grant part, Lawford replacing Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and Davis in Sam Jaffe's originally titular supporting part. Parts of the film weren shot in Johnson Canyon, Paria, Kanab movie fort and Bryce", "title": "Sergeants 3" }, { "id": "3129225", "text": "Sean Kanan Sean Kanan (born November 2, 1966) is an American actor and TV Host, best known for his portrayals of A. J. Quartermaine on \"General Hospital\", Deacon Sharpe on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" and \"The Young and the Restless\", and Mike Barnes in \"The Karate Kid Part III\". Kanan was born Sean Perelman to Dale and Michele Perelman in Cleveland, Ohio. His family later relocated to New Castle, Pennsylvania. He attended Mercersburg Academy in Pennsylvania, Boston University and UCLA where he earned a degree in political science. Kanan received his big break working for Academy Award-winning director John", "title": "Sean Kanan" }, { "id": "19966687", "text": "Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas, Melanie Liburd, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, Lonnie Chavis, and Lyric Ross. The third season premiered on September 25, 2018, and is set to run for 18 episodes on NBC. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes. Main cast members Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas and Ron Cephas Jones return from the second season as", "title": "This Is Us (season 3)" }, { "id": "13747097", "text": "It Low\" featured singer Chris Brown. In 2011, Dean contributed to the soundtrack for the animated film, \"Rio\" by Blue Sky Studios. At the 54th Annual Grammy Awards, Dean was nominated for Album of the Year as a producer on Rihanna's album \"Loud\". In 2012, she voiced two of the characters in the fourth film in the \"Ice Age\" franchise, \"\", and also wrote a song for the movie, entitled \"We Are (Family)\". Dean made her acting debut in the film \"Pitch Perfect\" (2012) as Cynthia-Rose Adams, a role she reprised for the sequels, \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015) and \"Pitch", "title": "Ester Dean" }, { "id": "19108657", "text": "which features Beyoncé and Jay-Z, on Tidal and iTunes. He had a cameo appearance in promotional material for \"\". On October 26, 2017, Demi Lovato announced the Tell Me You Love Me Tour where DJ Khaled will serve as an opening act. Khaled appeared as a fictionalized version of himself in \"Pitch Perfect 3\" (2017), in which his character is featured as both a performer and a major plot point. On March 1, 2018, Khaled announced his eleventh studio album, \"Father of Asahd\", and its lead single \"Top Off\", featuring Beyoncé, Jay-Z and Future. On July 23, Khaled announced the", "title": "DJ Khaled" }, { "id": "2988460", "text": "Scream 3 Scream 3 is a 2000 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Ehren Kruger. It stars Neve Campbell, David Arquette, Courteney Cox, Patrick Dempsey, Scott Foley, Lance Henriksen, Matt Keeslar, Jenny McCarthy, Emily Mortimer, Parker Posey, Deon Richmond, and Patrick Warburton. Released as the third installment in the \"Scream\" franchise, it was the concluding chapter of the series until the franchise was revived in 2011 with a sequel, \"Scream 4\". The film takes place three years after the previous film and follows Sidney Prescott (Campbell), who has gone into self-imposed isolation following the events of", "title": "Scream 3" }, { "id": "9366549", "text": "She then created, executive produced the show \"Girlboss\" for Netflix based on the real life of Sophia Amoruso. Cannon's first produced feature screenplay was the a cappella comedy \"Pitch Perfect\" (2012). She wrote and co-produced the film's sequels, \"Pitch Perfect 2\" (2015) and \"Pitch Perfect 3\" (2017). Cannon made her directorial debut with \"Blockers\". The film was released by Universal Pictures on April 6, 2018. In 2004, Cannon married American comedian Jason Sudeikis after five years together. They separated in 2008 and divorced in 2010. Cannon and her second husband, comedy writer Eben Russell, had a daughter, Evelyn Rose \"Leni\"", "title": "Kay Cannon" }, { "id": "18082219", "text": "Housefull 3 Housefull 3 is a 2016 Indian comedy film co-written and directed by Sajid-Farhad. It is the third installment in the \"Housefull\" film series. Produced by Sajid Nadiadwala under his banner Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment, it is distributed by Eros International. The film stars Akshay Kumar, Riteish Deshmukh, Abhishek Bachchan, Jacqueline Fernandez, Nargis Fakhri, Lisa Haydon, Boman Irani and Jackie Shroff in the lead roles while Chunky Pandey, Samir Kochhar, Nikitin Dheer and Aarav Chowdhary are featured in supporting roles. Principal photography began in October 2015 with filming locations including London and Delhi. The film released on 3 June 2016.", "title": "Housefull 3" }, { "id": "5486422", "text": "four consecutive Super Bowl appearances from 1990–93. William Fichtner William Edward Fichtner Jr. (born November 27, 1956) is an American actor who has appeared in a number of films and TV series. He is known for his roles as Sheriff Tom Underlay in \"Invasion\" and Alexander Mahone on \"Prison Break\". His film appearances include \"Heat\", \"Contact\", \"Armageddon\", \"The Perfect Storm\", \"Go\", \"Crash\", \"Blades of Glory\", \"Black Hawk Down\", \"The Longest Yard\", \"Mr. & Mrs. Smith\", \"The Dark Knight\", \"Date Night\", \"The Lone Ranger\", \"Elysium\", \"\" and \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\". Fichtner was born on Mitchel Air Force Base on Long", "title": "William Fichtner" }, { "id": "5296873", "text": "Drew Fuller Andrew Alan \"Drew\" Fuller (born May 19, 1980) is an American actor and former male model. He is best known for his portrayal of Chris Halliwell in the television series \"Charmed\" and for playing soldier Trevor LeBlanc on Lifetime's \"Army Wives\". Fuller was born in Atherton, California and grew up in Newport Beach; he has a younger sister, Hilary. Fuller was discovered by an agent when he was 12 years old, after a family friend put him on the cover of UCLA Magazine. Deciding to wait a few years, Fuller eventually entered the modeling world at age sixteen", "title": "Drew Fuller" }, { "id": "5844853", "text": "\"Asia Street Comedy\" (2004). Shen also voices the character Takeda Takahashi in \"Mortal Kombat X\" (2015), Winston Chu in Square Enix's \"Sleeping Dogs\" (2012), Mogu Zai in Blizzard's \"\" (2012), and Tang/Privateer/Thug in \"Far Cry 3\" (2012). Shen is Managing Editor of \"\", published by The New Press in April 2009. Its sequel, \"Shattered: The Asian American Comics Anthology\" was published in November 2012. Shen has written and produced an upcoming feature film entitled \"Unidentified\" (2013), to be directed by Jason Richard Miller. On May 6, 2013, Shen debuted in the recurring role of Brad Cooper on \"General Hospital\". Parry", "title": "Parry Shen" }, { "id": "20736537", "text": "Tom D'Andrea Tom D'Andrea (May 15, 1909 – May 14, 1998) was an American actor. He appeared in the films \"This Is the Army\", \"Pride of the Marines\", \"Night and Day\", \"Two Guys from Milwaukee\", \"Never Say Goodbye\", \"Humoresque\", \"Love and Learn\", \"Dark Passage\", \"To the Victor\", \"Silver River\", \"Smart Girls Don't Talk\", \"Fighter Squadron\", \"Flaxy Martin\", \"Tension\", \"Kill the Umpire\", \"The Next Voice You Hear...\", \"Little Egypt\" and \"A House Is Not a Home\". He appeared in the television series' \"The Soldiers\", \"The Life of Riley\", \"Dante\", \"The Bill Dana Show\", \"My Living Doll\", \"The Farmer's Daughter\", \"The Double", "title": "Tom D'Andrea" }, { "id": "19416730", "text": "James Colby James Leo Colby (September 21, 1961 – February 23, 2018) was an American actor in film, television and stage. Colby appeared in multiple Broadway plays and few stage productions in Connecticut. Colby was notable for his film roles in \"The Peacemaker\" (1997), \"Tower Heist\" (2011), \"Safe\" (2012), \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\" (2014) and in \"Patriots Day\" (2016). In television, he was known for his role as Sergeant Ray Dwyer in \"Chicago P.D.\" and Burleson in \"Empire\". Colby was born in Arlington, Massachusetts. He studied at Bridgewater State University and Brooklyn College. He moved to Manhattan in the 1980s", "title": "James Colby" }, { "id": "18366415", "text": "Avengers: Infinity War Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and 2015's \"\", and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Benedict Cumberbatch, Don Cheadle, Tom Holland, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Anthony", "title": "Avengers: Infinity War" }, { "id": "1470643", "text": "degree from Muhlenberg College on May 17, 2015. Harris is one of several actors who have been dubbed \"the thinking woman's sex symbol\" (others include Hugh Laurie and Denzel Washington). Ed Harris Edward Allen Harris (born November 28, 1950) is an American actor, producer, director, and screenwriter. His performances in \"Apollo 13\" (1995), \"The Truman Show\" (1998), \"Pollock\" (2000) and \"The Hours\" (2002) earned him critical acclaim in addition to Academy Award nominations. Harris has appeared in several leading and supporting roles, such as in \"The Right Stuff\" (1983), \"The Abyss\" (1989), \"State of Grace\" (1990), \"Glengarry Glen Ross\" (1992),", "title": "Ed Harris" }, { "id": "12082887", "text": "Singh understudying), in the Audrey Skirball-Kenis Theater. The play was nominated for the 2017 Ovation Awards and won for Best Production of a Play (Large Theater). In December 2013, Joseph and fellow playwright Tarell Alvin McCraney were featured in Robert Levi's PBS Film, \"Playwright: From Page to Stage\", which aired on Independent Lens. Rajiv co-wrote the script for \"Draft Day\" in 2014 and \"Army of One\" in 2016. Rajiv Joseph Rajiv Joseph (born June 16, 1974) is an American playwright and a 2010 Pulitzer Prize finalist. Rajiv Joseph was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio; his mother is Euroamerican of", "title": "Rajiv Joseph" }, { "id": "4876996", "text": "broke up before any deals materialized. Gabriel Jarret Gabriel Jarret (born Gabriel Kronsberg; January 1, 1970) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as the young genius Mitch Taylor in the 1985 comedy film \"Real Genius\" in which he co-starred with Val Kilmer. Jarret's first film was \"Going Ape!\" in 1981. Other film roles include \"The Karate Kid Part III\", \"Apollo 13\", and \"Last Days\". Jarret made guest appearances in \"21 Jump Street\", \"L.A. Law\", \"Party of Five\", and \"The West Wing\". Jarret appeared as 1st Officer Chapman in \"Poseidon\". He performed in the Ron Howard", "title": "Gabriel Jarret" }, { "id": "17849832", "text": "In April 2013, it was confirmed that a sequel would be released in 2015. Elizabeth Banks directed the sequel, and Kay Cannon returned as screenwriter. Paul Brooks produced for Gold Circle Films with Banks and Max Handelman producing for Brownstone Productions. Deke Sharon returned as vocal producer, and has a brief cameo as a German reporter. As in the first movie, they ran a month of \"a cappella boot camp\" before filming. Anna Kendrick and Wilson returned to the cast early in 2014 to play the characters they originated in the first film. Brittany Snow reprised her character. On April", "title": "Pitch Perfect 2" }, { "id": "13548800", "text": "Man 3\" director Shane Black's 2016 film, \"The Nice Guys\". Simpkins also starred in the 2015 blockbuster \"Jurassic World\", and appeared as Adam in \"Meadowland\". Ty Simpkins Ty Simpkins (born August 6, 2001) is an American actor. His major film roles include \"Insidious\" (2011) and its sequel \"\" (2013), \"Iron Man 3\" (2013), and \"Jurassic World\" (2015). Simpkins was born in New York City, to Monique Simpkins. He first appeared on TV when he was three weeks old. His first role was on \"One Life to Live\" where he shared the recurring role as John \"Jack\" Cramer. Simpkins soon started", "title": "Ty Simpkins" }, { "id": "3011895", "text": "character. Har Mar played a Roller Derby coach in \"Whip It!\", a film by Drew Barrymore. On October 26, 2009, Har Mar Superstar was the musical guest on \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" and earned rave reviews for his performance of \"Tall Boy,\" immediately increasing his popularity within North America as noted in an article by MTV. In 2012, Har Mar appeared in the film \"Pitch Perfect\" as Clef #2 (a member of an older a cappella quartet), alongside Joe Lo Truglio, Jason Jones and Donald Faison. In October 2014, Har Mar returned to \"Never Mind the Buzzcocks\" alongside Nicole", "title": "Har Mar Superstar" }, { "id": "17151470", "text": "Utkarsh Ambudkar Utkarsh Ambudkar ( ; born December 8, 1983) is an American actor. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. He is a former VJ for MTV Desi. He has appeared in the comedy film \"Pitch Perfect\" as the character Donald, and in the television shows, \"The Mindy Project\" and \"The Muppets\". He is set to star in the Fox series, \"Eat, Pray, Thug\". Utkarsh originated the role of Aaron Burr in the developmental readings of \"Hamilton\". Utkarsh was also seen", "title": "Utkarsh Ambudkar" }, { "id": "19840949", "text": "Trent Luckinbill and Thad Luckinbill through Black Label Media, along with Bruckheimer's Jerry Bruckheimer Films. On September 30, 2016, Chris Hemsworth and Michael Shannon were cast in the film, and later on November 1, Michael Peña also joined the film. On November 3, 2016, Trevante Rhodes was cast in the film. On November 14, 2016, Austin Stowell was cast in the film to play Staff Sergeant Fred Falls, an American soldier on the elite U.S. Special Forces team. Lionsgate would handle the film's distribution. On November 15, 2016, Austin Hébert was cast to play SFC Pat Essex, the intellectual and", "title": "12 Strong" }, { "id": "12896293", "text": "cast as a lead in the modern-day war drama \"American Soldiers\" by Hollywood director Sidney Furie. He was featured in two well-received independent films, \"Smoked\" and \"Master Plan\", both official selections of the Queens Film Festival in New York, the Los Angeles Film Festival, and New York Film & Video Festival. Eddie Della Siepe Edmondo \"Eddie\" Della Siepe (born May 2, 1981) is a Canadian-born stand-up comedian and actor. He frequently appeared on MuchMusic's hit show \"Video on Trial\", and on \"Love Court\". Eddie Della Siepe was born and raised in Toronto, Ontario. His father Antonio immigrated to Canada from", "title": "Eddie Della Siepe" }, { "id": "10509616", "text": "Papajohn also makes a cameo appearance as a different character in the film series' reboot, \"The Amazing Spider-Man\". He has also starred in \"\", \"\", \"Terminator Salvation\", \"Land of the Lost\", \"G-Force\" in 2009 and \"Jeepers Creepers 3\" in 2017. Michael Papajohn Michael Papajohn (born November 7, 1964) is an American actor, stuntman and former college baseball player for the LSU Tigers baseball team. He plays Dennis Carradine in Sam Raimi's \"Spider-Man\" trilogy. Papajohn was born and raised Vestavia Hills, a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama, to a Greek American family. He graduated from Vestavia Hills High School in 1983 and", "title": "Michael Papajohn" }, { "id": "4386135", "text": "Dennis Haysbert Dennis Dexter Haysbert (born June 2, 1954) is an American actor. In the U.S. he is best known for his appearances in commercials for Allstate Insurance. He portrayed baseball player Pedro Cerrano in the \"Major League\" film trilogy, Secret Service Agent Tim Collin in the 1997 political thriller film \"Absolute Power\", and Sergeant Major Jonas Blane on the drama series \"The Unit\". He is also known for playing U.S. Senator (later President) David Palmer on the first 5 seasons of \"24\" and has appeared in the films \"Love Field\", \"Heat\", \"Waiting to Exhale\", \"Far from Heaven\" and the", "title": "Dennis Haysbert" } ]