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What is the detailed desciption of the `touch`? | Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time.
A FILE argument that does not exist is created empty, unless -c or -h is supplied.
A FILE argument string of - is handled specially and causes touch to change the times of the file associated
with standard output.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a change only the access time
-c, --no-create
do not create any files
-d, --date=STRING
parse STRING and use it instead of current time
-f (ignored)
-h, --no-dereference
affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced file (useful only on systems that can change the
timestamps of a symlink)
-m change only the modification time
-r, --reference=FILE
use this file's times instead of current time
-t STAMP
use [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss] instead of current time
--time=WORD
change the specified time: WORD is access, atime, or use: equivalent to -a WORD is modify or mtime:
equivalent to -m
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Note that the -d and -t options accept different time-date formats. |
What does the command `runcon` do? | runcon - run command with specified security context |
How is the `runcon` used? | runcon CONTEXT COMMAND [args]
runcon [ -c ] [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-t TYPE] [-l RANGE] COMMAND [args] |
What is the detailed desciption of the `runcon`? | Run COMMAND with completely-specified CONTEXT, or with current or transitioned security context modified by one
or more of LEVEL, ROLE, TYPE, and USER.
If none of -c, -t, -u, -r, or -l, is specified, the first argument is used as the complete context. Any addi‐
tional arguments after COMMAND are interpreted as arguments to the command.
Note that only carefully-chosen contexts are likely to successfully run.
Run a program in a different SELinux security context. With neither CONTEXT nor COMMAND, print the current se‐
curity context.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. |
What does the command `stat` do? | stat - display file or file system status |
How is the `stat` used? | stat [OPTION]... FILE... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `stat`? | Display file or file system status.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-L, --dereference
follow links
-f, --file-system
display file system status instead of file status
--cached=MODE
specify how to use cached attributes; useful on remote file systems. See MODE below
-c --format=FORMAT
use the specified FORMAT instead of the default; output a newline after each use of FORMAT
--printf=FORMAT
like --format, but interpret backslash escapes, and do not output a mandatory trailing newline; if you
want a newline, include \n in FORMAT
-t, --terse
print the information in terse form
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
The MODE argument of --cached can be: always, never, or default. 'always' will use cached attributes if avail‐
able, while 'never' will try to synchronize with the latest attributes, and 'default' will leave it up to the
underlying file system.
The valid format sequences for files (without --file-system):
%a permission bits in octal (note '#' and '0' printf flags)
%A permission bits and file type in human readable form
%b number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B the size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%C SELinux security context string
%d device number in decimal (st_dev)
%D device number in hex (st_dev)
%Hd major device number in decimal
%Ld minor device number in decimal
%f raw mode in hex
%F file type
%g group ID of owner
%G group name of owner
%h number of hard links
%i inode number
%m mount point
%n file name
%N quoted file name with dereference if symbolic link
%o optimal I/O transfer size hint
%s total size, in bytes
%r device type in decimal (st_rdev)
%R device type in hex (st_rdev)
%Hr major device type in decimal, for character/block device special files
%Lr minor device type in decimal, for character/block device special files
%t major device type in hex, for character/block device special files
%T minor device type in hex, for character/block device special files
%u user ID of owner
%U user name of owner
%w time of file birth, human-readable; - if unknown
%W time of file birth, seconds since Epoch; 0 if unknown
%x time of last access, human-readable
%X time of last access, seconds since Epoch
%y time of last data modification, human-readable
%Y time of last data modification, seconds since Epoch
%z time of last status change, human-readable
%Z time of last status change, seconds since Epoch
Valid format sequences for file systems:
%a free blocks available to non-superuser
%b total data blocks in file system
%c total file nodes in file system
%d free file nodes in file system
%f free blocks in file system
%i file system ID in hex
%l maximum length of filenames
%n file name
%s block size (for faster transfers)
%S fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t file system type in hex
%T file system type in human readable form
--terse is equivalent to the following FORMAT:
%n %s %b %f %u %g %D %i %h %t %T %X %Y %Z %W %o %C
--terse --file-system is equivalent to the following FORMAT:
%n %i %l %t %s %S %b %f %a %c %d
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of stat, which usually supersedes the version described here. Please
refer to your shell's documentation for details about the options it supports. |
What does the command `sleep` do? | sleep - delay for a specified amount of time |
How is the `sleep` used? | sleep NUMBER[SUFFIX]...
sleep OPTION |
What is the detailed desciption of the `sleep`? | Pause for NUMBER seconds. SUFFIX may be 's' for seconds (the default), 'm' for minutes, 'h' for hours or 'd'
for days. NUMBER need not be an integer. Given two or more arguments, pause for the amount of time specified
by the sum of their values.
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit |
What does the command `pwd` do? | pwd - print name of current/working directory |
How is the `pwd` used? | pwd [OPTION]... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `pwd`? | Print the full filename of the current working directory.
-L, --logical
use PWD from environment, even if it contains symlinks
-P, --physical
avoid all symlinks
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
If no option is specified, -P is assumed.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of pwd, which usually supersedes the version described here. Please
refer to your shell's documentation for details about the options it supports. |
What does the command `nice` do? | nice - run a program with modified scheduling priority |
How is the `nice` used? | nice [OPTION] [COMMAND [ARG]...] |
What is the detailed desciption of the `nice`? | Run COMMAND with an adjusted niceness, which affects process scheduling. With no COMMAND, print the current
niceness. Niceness values range from -20 (most favorable to the process) to 19 (least favorable to the
process).
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-n, --adjustment=N
add integer N to the niceness (default 10)
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of nice, which usually supersedes the version described here. Please
refer to your shell's documentation for details about the options it supports.
Exit status:
125 if the nice command itself fails
126 if COMMAND is found but cannot be invoked
127 if COMMAND cannot be found
- the exit status of COMMAND otherwise |
What does the command `chcon` do? | chcon - change file security context |
How is the `chcon` used? | chcon [OPTION]... CONTEXT FILE...
chcon [OPTION]... [-u USER] [-r ROLE] [-l RANGE] [-t TYPE] FILE...
chcon [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `chcon`? | Change the SELinux security context of each FILE to CONTEXT. With --reference,
change the security context of each FILE to that of RFILE.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
--dereference
affect the referent of each symbolic link (this is the default), rather than
the symbolic link itself
-h, --no-dereference
affect symbolic links instead of any referenced file
-u, --user=USER
set user USER in the target security context
-r, --role=ROLE
set role ROLE in the target security context
-t, --type=TYPE
set type TYPE in the target security context
-l, --range=RANGE
set range RANGE in the target security context
--no-preserve-root
do not treat '/' specially (the default)
--preserve-root
fail to operate recursively on '/'
--reference=RFILE
use RFILE's security context rather than specifying a CONTEXT value
-R, --recursive
operate on files and directories recursively
-v, --verbose
output a diagnostic for every file processed
The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R option is also
specified. If more than one is specified, only the final one takes effect.
-H if a command line argument is a symbolic link to a directory, traverse it
-L traverse every symbolic link to a directory encountered
-P do not traverse any symbolic links (default)
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit |
What does the command `tail` do? | tail - output the last part of files |
How is the `tail` used? | tail [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `tail`? | Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header
giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-c, --bytes=[+]NUM
output the last NUM bytes; or use -c +NUM to output starting with byte NUM of each file
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows;
an absent option argument means 'descriptor'
-F same as --follow=name --retry
-n, --lines=[+]NUM
output the last NUM lines, instead of the last 10; or use -n +NUM to skip NUM-1 lines at the start
--max-unchanged-stats=N
with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not
changed size after N (default 5) iterations to see if it has been unlinked or renamed (this is the usual
case of rotated log files); with inotify, this option is rarely useful
--pid=PID
with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
-q, --quiet, --silent
never output headers giving file names
--retry
keep trying to open a file if it is inaccessible
-s, --sleep-interval=N
with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds (default 1.0) between iterations; with inotify and --pid=P,
check process P at least once every N seconds
-v, --verbose
always output headers giving file names
-z, --zero-terminated
line delimiter is NUL, not newline
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
NUM may have a multiplier suffix: b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G
1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y, R, Q. Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which means that even if a tail'ed file is
renamed, tail will continue to track its end. This default behavior is not desirable when you really want to
track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g., log rotation). Use --follow=name in that
case. That causes tail to track the named file in a way that accommodates renaming, removal and creation. |
What does the command `false` do? | false - do nothing, unsuccessfully |
How is the `false` used? | false [ignored command line arguments]
false OPTION |
What is the detailed desciption of the `false`? | Exit with a status code indicating failure.
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of false, which usually supersedes the version described here. Please
refer to your shell's documentation for details about the options it supports. |
What does the command `cat` do? | cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output |
How is the `cat` used? | cat [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `cat`? | Concatenate FILE(s) to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
-A, --show-all
equivalent to -vET
-b, --number-nonblank
number nonempty output lines, overrides -n
-e equivalent to -vE
-E, --show-ends
display $ at end of each line
-n, --number
number all output lines
-s, --squeeze-blank
suppress repeated empty output lines
-t equivalent to -vT
-T, --show-tabs
display TAB characters as ^I
-u (ignored)
-v, --show-nonprinting
use ^ and M- notation, except for LFD and TAB
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit |
What does the command `env` do? | env - run a program in a modified environment |
How is the `env` used? | env [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...] |
What is the detailed desciption of the `env`? | Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-i, --ignore-environment
start with an empty environment
-0, --null
end each output line with NUL, not newline
-u, --unset=NAME
remove variable from the environment
-C, --chdir=DIR
change working directory to DIR
-S, --split-string=S
process and split S into separate arguments; used to pass multiple arguments on shebang lines
--block-signal[=SIG]
block delivery of SIG signal(s) to COMMAND
--default-signal[=SIG]
reset handling of SIG signal(s) to the default
--ignore-signal[=SIG]
set handling of SIG signal(s) to do nothing
--list-signal-handling
list non default signal handling to stderr
-v, --debug
print verbose information for each processing step
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.
SIG may be a signal name like 'PIPE', or a signal number like '13'. Without SIG, all known signals are in‐
cluded. Multiple signals can be comma-separated. An empty SIG argument is a no-op.
Exit status:
125 if the env command itself fails
126 if COMMAND is found but cannot be invoked
127 if COMMAND cannot be found
- the exit status of COMMAND otherwise |
What does the command `printf` do? | printf - format and print data |
How is the `printf` used? | printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT]...
printf OPTION |
What is the detailed desciption of the `printf`? | Print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, or execute according to OPTION:
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
FORMAT controls the output as in C printf. Interpreted sequences are:
\" double quote
\\ backslash
\a alert (BEL)
\b backspace
\c produce no further output
\e escape
\f form feed
\n new line
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
\NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
\uHHHH Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character with hex value HHHH (4 digits)
\UHHHHHHHH
Unicode character with hex value HHHHHHHH (8 digits)
%% a single %
%b ARGUMENT as a string with '\' escapes interpreted, except that octal escapes are of the form \0 or \0NNN
%q ARGUMENT is printed in a format that can be reused as shell input, escaping non-printable characters with
the proposed POSIX $'' syntax.
and all C format specifications ending with one of diouxXfeEgGcs, with ARGUMENTs converted to proper type first.
Variable widths are handled.
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of printf, which usually supersedes the version described here.
Please refer to your shell's documentation for details about the options it supports. |
What does the command `tr` do? | tr - translate or delete characters |
How is the `tr` used? | tr [OPTION]... STRING1 [STRING2] |
What is the detailed desciption of the `tr`? | Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output. STRING1 and
STRING2 specify arrays of characters ARRAY1 and ARRAY2 that control the action.
-c, -C, --complement
use the complement of ARRAY1
-d, --delete
delete characters in ARRAY1, do not translate
-s, --squeeze-repeats
replace each sequence of a repeated character that is listed in the last specified ARRAY, with a single
occurrence of that character
-t, --truncate-set1
first truncate ARRAY1 to length of ARRAY2
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
ARRAYs are specified as strings of characters. Most represent themselves. Interpreted sequences are:
\NNN character with octal value NNN (1 to 3 octal digits)
\\ backslash
\a audible BEL
\b backspace
\f form feed
\n new line
\r return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
CHAR1-CHAR2
all characters from CHAR1 to CHAR2 in ascending order
[CHAR*]
in ARRAY2, copies of CHAR until length of ARRAY1
[CHAR*REPEAT]
REPEAT copies of CHAR, REPEAT octal if starting with 0
[:alnum:]
all letters and digits
[:alpha:]
all letters
[:blank:]
all horizontal whitespace
[:cntrl:]
all control characters
[:digit:]
all digits
[:graph:]
all printable characters, not including space
[:lower:]
all lower case letters
[:print:]
all printable characters, including space
[:punct:]
all punctuation characters
[:space:]
all horizontal or vertical whitespace
[:upper:]
all upper case letters
[:xdigit:]
all hexadecimal digits
[=CHAR=]
all characters which are equivalent to CHAR
Translation occurs if -d is not given and both STRING1 and STRING2 appear. -t is only significant when trans‐
lating. ARRAY2 is extended to length of ARRAY1 by repeating its last character as necessary. Excess characters
of ARRAY2 are ignored. Character classes expand in unspecified order; while translating, [:lower:] and [:up‐
per:] may be used in pairs to specify case conversion. Squeezing occurs after translation or deletion. |
What does the command `vdir` do? | vdir - list directory contents |
How is the `vdir` used? | vdir [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `vdir`? | List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of
-cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all
do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all
do not list implied . and ..
--author
with -l, print the author of each file
-b, --escape
print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
--block-size=SIZE
with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them; e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups
do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last change of file status information); with -l: show ctime
and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
-C list entries by columns
--color[=WHEN]
color the output WHEN; more info below
-d, --directory
list directories themselves, not their contents
-D, --dired
generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
-f list all entries in directory order
-F, --classify[=WHEN]
append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries WHEN
--file-type
likewise, except do not append '*'
--format=WORD
across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
--full-time
like -l --time-style=full-iso
-g like -l, but do not list owner
--group-directories-first
group directories before files; can be augmented with a --sort option, but any use of --sort=none (-U)
disables grouping
-G, --no-group
in a long listing, don't print group names
-h, --human-readable
with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.
--si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
--dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory
--hide=PATTERN
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A)
--hyperlink[=WHEN]
hyperlink file names WHEN
--indicator-style=WORD
append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type),
classify (-F)
-i, --inode
print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN
do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k, --kibibytes
default to 1024-byte blocks for file system usage; used only with -s and per directory totals
-l use a long listing format
-L, --dereference
when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references
rather than for the link itself
-m fill width with a comma separated list of entries
-n, --numeric-uid-gid
like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
-N, --literal
print entry names without quoting
-o like -l, but do not list group information
-p, --indicator-style=slash
append / indicator to directories
-q, --hide-control-chars
print ? instead of nongraphic characters
--show-control-chars
show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name
enclose entry names in double quotes
--quoting-style=WORD
use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, shell-escape, shell-es‐
cape-always, c, escape (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)
-r, --reverse
reverse order while sorting
-R, --recursive
list subdirectories recursively
-s, --size
print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
-S sort by file size, largest first
--sort=WORD
sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X), width
--time=WORD
select which timestamp used to display or sort; access time (-u): atime, access, use; metadata change
time (-c): ctime, status; modified time (default): mtime, modification; birth time: birth, creation;
with -l, WORD determines which time to show; with --sort=time, sort by WORD (newest first)
--time-style=TIME_STYLE
time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below
-t sort by time, newest first; see --time
-T, --tabsize=COLS
assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; with -l: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by
access time, newest first
-U do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-w, --width=COLS
set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-Z, --context
print any security context of each file
--zero end each output line with NUL, not newline
-1 list one file per line
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q
(powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000). Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
The TIME_STYLE argument can be full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted like in
date(1). If FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent
files. TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect only outside the POSIX locale. Also the TIME_STYLE envi‐
ronment variable sets the default style to use.
The WHEN argument defaults to 'always' and can also be 'auto' or 'never'.
Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls
emits color codes only when standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment variable can
change the settings. Use the dircolors(1) command to set it.
Exit status:
0 if OK,
1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument). |
What does the command `mv` do? | mv - move (rename) files |
How is the `mv` used? | mv [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
mv [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
mv [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `mv`? | Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
--backup[=CONTROL]
make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
--debug
explain how a file is copied. Implies -v
-f, --force
do not prompt before overwriting
-i, --interactive
prompt before overwrite
-n, --no-clobber
do not overwrite an existing file
If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect.
--no-copy
do not copy if renaming fails
--strip-trailing-slashes
remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX
override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY
move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory
treat DEST as a normal file
--update[=UPDATE]
control which existing files are updated; UPDATE={all,none,older(default)}. See below
-u equivalent to --update[=older]
-v, --verbose
explain what is being done
-Z, --context
set SELinux security context of destination file to default type
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
UPDATE controls which existing files in the destination are replaced. 'all' is the default operation when an
--update option is not specified, and results in all existing files in the destination being replaced. 'none'
is similar to the --no-clobber option, in that no files in the destination are replaced, but also skipped files
do not induce a failure. 'older' is the default operation when --update is specified, and results in files be‐
ing replaced if they're older than the corresponding source file.
The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. The version control method may be
selected via the --backup option or through the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
none, off
never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t
make numbered backups
existing, nil
numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never
always make simple backups |
What does the command `seq` do? | seq - print a sequence of numbers |
How is the `seq` used? | seq [OPTION]... LAST
seq [OPTION]... FIRST LAST
seq [OPTION]... FIRST INCREMENT LAST |
What is the detailed desciption of the `seq`? | Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-f, --format=FORMAT
use printf style floating-point FORMAT
-s, --separator=STRING
use STRING to separate numbers (default: \n)
-w, --equal-width
equalize width by padding with leading zeroes
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
If FIRST or INCREMENT is omitted, it defaults to 1. That is, an omitted INCREMENT defaults to 1 even when LAST
is smaller than FIRST. The sequence of numbers ends when the sum of the current number and INCREMENT would be‐
come greater than LAST. FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are interpreted as floating point values. INCREMENT is usu‐
ally positive if FIRST is smaller than LAST, and INCREMENT is usually negative if FIRST is greater than LAST.
INCREMENT must not be 0; none of FIRST, INCREMENT and LAST may be NaN. FORMAT must be suitable for printing one
argument of type 'double'; it defaults to %.PRECf if FIRST, INCREMENT, and LAST are all fixed point decimal num‐
bers with maximum precision PREC, and to %g otherwise. |
What does the command `stty` do? | stty - change and print terminal line settings |
How is the `stty` used? | stty [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [SETTING]...
stty [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-a|--all]
stty [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-g|--save] |
What is the detailed desciption of the `stty`? | Print or change terminal characteristics.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all
print all current settings in human-readable form
-g, --save
print all current settings in a stty-readable form
-F, --file=DEVICE
open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX settings. The underlying system defines
which settings are available.
Special characters:
* discard CHAR
CHAR will toggle discarding of output
eof CHAR
CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input)
eol CHAR
CHAR will end the line
* eol2 CHAR
alternate CHAR for ending the line
erase CHAR
CHAR will erase the last character typed
intr CHAR
CHAR will send an interrupt signal
kill CHAR
CHAR will erase the current line
* lnext CHAR
CHAR will enter the next character quoted
quit CHAR
CHAR will send a quit signal
* rprnt CHAR
CHAR will redraw the current line
start CHAR
CHAR will restart the output after stopping it
stop CHAR
CHAR will stop the output
susp CHAR
CHAR will send a terminal stop signal
* swtch CHAR
CHAR will switch to a different shell layer
* werase CHAR
CHAR will erase the last word typed
Special settings:
N set the input and output speeds to N bauds
* cols N
tell the kernel that the terminal has N columns
* columns N
same as cols N
* [-]drain
wait for transmission before applying settings (on by default)
ispeed N
set the input speed to N
* line N
use line discipline N
min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read
ospeed N
set the output speed to N
* rows N
tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows
* size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel
speed print the terminal speed
time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second
Control settings:
[-]clocal
disable modem control signals
[-]cread
allow input to be received
* [-]crtscts
enable RTS/CTS handshaking
csN set character size to N bits, N in [5..8]
[-]cstopb
use two stop bits per character (one with '-')
[-]hup send a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty
[-]hupcl
same as [-]hup
[-]parenb
generate parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input
[-]parodd
set odd parity (or even parity with '-')
* [-]cmspar
use "stick" (mark/space) parity
Input settings:
[-]brkint
breaks cause an interrupt signal
[-]icrnl
translate carriage return to newline
[-]ignbrk
ignore break characters
[-]igncr
ignore carriage return
[-]ignpar
ignore characters with parity errors
* [-]imaxbel
beep and do not flush a full input buffer on a character
[-]inlcr
translate newline to carriage return
[-]inpck
enable input parity checking
[-]istrip
clear high (8th) bit of input characters
* [-]iutf8
assume input characters are UTF-8 encoded
* [-]iuclc
translate uppercase characters to lowercase
* [-]ixany
let any character restart output, not only start character
[-]ixoff
enable sending of start/stop characters
[-]ixon
enable XON/XOFF flow control
[-]parmrk
mark parity errors (with a 255-0-character sequence)
[-]tandem
same as [-]ixoff
Output settings:
* bsN backspace delay style, N in [0..1]
* crN carriage return delay style, N in [0..3]
* ffN form feed delay style, N in [0..1]
* nlN newline delay style, N in [0..1]
* [-]ocrnl
translate carriage return to newline
* [-]ofdel
use delete characters for fill instead of NUL characters
* [-]ofill
use fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays
* [-]olcuc
translate lowercase characters to uppercase
* [-]onlcr
translate newline to carriage return-newline
* [-]onlret
newline performs a carriage return
* [-]onocr
do not print carriage returns in the first column
[-]opost
postprocess output
* tabN horizontal tab delay style, N in [0..3]
* tabs same as tab0
* -tabs
same as tab3
* vtN vertical tab delay style, N in [0..1]
Local settings:
[-]crterase
echo erase characters as backspace-space-backspace
* crtkill
kill all line by obeying the echoprt and echoe settings
* -crtkill
kill all line by obeying the echoctl and echok settings
* [-]ctlecho
echo control characters in hat notation ('^c')
[-]echo
echo input characters
* [-]echoctl
same as [-]ctlecho
[-]echoe
same as [-]crterase
[-]echok
echo a newline after a kill character
* [-]echoke
same as [-]crtkill
[-]echonl
echo newline even if not echoing other characters
* [-]echoprt
echo erased characters backward, between '\' and '/'
* [-]extproc
enable "LINEMODE"; useful with high latency links
* [-]flusho
discard output
[-]icanon
enable special characters: erase, kill, werase, rprnt
[-]iexten
enable non-POSIX special characters
[-]isig
enable interrupt, quit, and suspend special characters
[-]noflsh
disable flushing after interrupt and quit special characters
* [-]prterase
same as [-]echoprt
* [-]tostop
stop background jobs that try to write to the terminal
* [-]xcase
with icanon, escape with '\' for uppercase characters
Combination settings:
* [-]LCASE
same as [-]lcase
cbreak same as -icanon
-cbreak
same as icanon
cooked same as brkint ignpar istrip icrnl ixon opost isig icanon, eof and eol characters to their default values
-cooked
same as raw
crt same as echoe echoctl echoke
dec same as echoe echoctl echoke -ixany intr ^c erase 0177 kill ^u
* [-]decctlq
same as [-]ixany
ek erase and kill characters to their default values
evenp same as parenb -parodd cs7
-evenp same as -parenb cs8
* [-]lcase
same as xcase iuclc olcuc
litout same as -parenb -istrip -opost cs8
-litout
same as parenb istrip opost cs7
nl same as -icrnl -onlcr
-nl same as icrnl -inlcr -igncr onlcr -ocrnl -onlret
oddp same as parenb parodd cs7
-oddp same as -parenb cs8
[-]parity
same as [-]evenp
pass8 same as -parenb -istrip cs8
-pass8 same as parenb istrip cs7
raw same as -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr -icrnl -ixon -ixoff -icanon -opost
-isig -iuclc -ixany -imaxbel -xcase min 1 time 0
-raw same as cooked
sane same as cread -ignbrk brkint -inlcr -igncr icrnl icanon iexten echo echoe echok -echonl -noflsh -ixoff
-iutf8 -iuclc -ixany imaxbel -xcase -olcuc -ocrnl opost -ofill onlcr -onocr -onlret nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0
ff0 isig -tostop -ofdel -echoprt echoctl echoke -extproc -flusho, all special characters to their default
values
Handle the tty line connected to standard input. Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and de‐
viations from stty sane. In settings, CHAR is taken literally, or coded as in ^c, 0x37, 0177 or 127; special
values ^- or undef used to disable special characters. |
What does the command `rmdir` do? | rmdir - remove empty directories |
How is the `rmdir` used? | rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `rmdir`? | Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty
ignore each failure to remove a non-empty directory
-p, --parents
remove DIRECTORY and its ancestors; e.g., 'rmdir -p a/b' is similar to 'rmdir a/b a'
-v, --verbose
output a diagnostic for every directory processed
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit |
What does the command `mkfifo` do? | mkfifo - make FIFOs (named pipes) |
How is the `mkfifo` used? | mkfifo [OPTION]... NAME... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `mkfifo`? | Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-m, --mode=MODE
set file permission bits to MODE, not a=rw - umask
-Z set the SELinux security context to default type
--context[=CTX]
like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the SELinux or SMACK security context to CTX
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit |
What does the command `basenc` do? | basenc - Encode/decode data and print to standard output |
How is the `basenc` used? | basenc [OPTION]... [FILE] |
What is the detailed desciption of the `basenc`? | basenc encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
--base64
same as 'base64' program (RFC4648 section 4)
--base64url
file- and url-safe base64 (RFC4648 section 5)
--base32
same as 'base32' program (RFC4648 section 6)
--base32hex
extended hex alphabet base32 (RFC4648 section 7)
--base16
hex encoding (RFC4648 section 8)
--base2msbf
bit string with most significant bit (msb) first
--base2lsbf
bit string with least significant bit (lsb) first
-d, --decode
decode data
-i, --ignore-garbage
when decoding, ignore non-alphabet characters
-w, --wrap=COLS
wrap encoded lines after COLS character (default 76). Use 0 to disable line wrapping
--z85 ascii85-like encoding (ZeroMQ spec:32/Z85); when encoding, input length must be a multiple of 4; when de‐
coding, input length must be a multiple of 5
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
When decoding, the input may contain newlines in addition to the bytes of the formal alphabet. Use --ig‐
nore-garbage to attempt to recover from any other non-alphabet bytes in the encoded stream. |
What does the command `tac` do? | tac - concatenate and print files in reverse |
How is the `tac` used? | tac [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `tac`? | Write each FILE to standard output, last line first.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-b, --before
attach the separator before instead of after
-r, --regex
interpret the separator as a regular expression
-s, --separator=STRING
use STRING as the separator instead of newline
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit |
What does the command `hostid` do? | hostid - print the numeric identifier for the current host |
How is the `hostid` used? | hostid [OPTION] |
What is the detailed desciption of the `hostid`? | Print the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) for the current host.
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit |
What does the command `stdbuf` do? | stdbuf - Run COMMAND, with modified buffering operations for its standard streams. |
How is the `stdbuf` used? | stdbuf OPTION... COMMAND |
What is the detailed desciption of the `stdbuf`? | Run COMMAND, with modified buffering operations for its standard streams.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-i, --input=MODE
adjust standard input stream buffering
-o, --output=MODE
adjust standard output stream buffering
-e, --error=MODE
adjust standard error stream buffering
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
If MODE is 'L' the corresponding stream will be line buffered. This option is invalid with standard input.
If MODE is '0' the corresponding stream will be unbuffered.
Otherwise MODE is a number which may be followed by one of the following: KB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M
1024*1024, and so on for G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q. Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on. In this
case the corresponding stream will be fully buffered with the buffer size set to MODE bytes.
NOTE: If COMMAND adjusts the buffering of its standard streams ('tee' does for example) then that will override
corresponding changes by 'stdbuf'. Also some filters (like 'dd' and 'cat' etc.) don't use streams for I/O, and
are thus unaffected by 'stdbuf' settings.
Exit status:
125 if the stdbuf command itself fails
126 if COMMAND is found but cannot be invoked
127 if COMMAND cannot be found
- the exit status of COMMAND otherwise |
What does the command `dircolors` do? | dircolors - color setup for ls |
How is the `dircolors` used? | dircolors [OPTION]... [FILE] |
What is the detailed desciption of the `dircolors`? | Output commands to set the LS_COLORS environment variable.
Determine format of output:
-b, --sh, --bourne-shell
output Bourne shell code to set LS_COLORS
-c, --csh, --c-shell
output C shell code to set LS_COLORS
-p, --print-database
output defaults
--print-ls-colors
output fully escaped colors for display
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
If FILE is specified, read it to determine which colors to use for which file types and extensions. Otherwise,
a precompiled database is used. For details on the format of these files, run 'dircolors --print-database'. |
What does the command `uname` do? | uname - print system information |
How is the `uname` used? | uname [OPTION]... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `uname`? | Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.
-a, --all
print all information, in the following order, except omit -p and -i if unknown:
-s, --kernel-name
print the kernel name
-n, --nodename
print the network node hostname
-r, --kernel-release
print the kernel release
-v, --kernel-version
print the kernel version
-m, --machine
print the machine hardware name
-p, --processor
print the processor type (non-portable)
-i, --hardware-platform
print the hardware platform (non-portable)
-o, --operating-system
print the operating system
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit |
What does the command `sum` do? | sum - checksum and count the blocks in a file |
How is the `sum` used? | sum [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `sum`? | Print or check BSD (16-bit) checksums.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
-r use BSD sum algorithm (the default), use 1K blocks
-s, --sysv
use System V sum algorithm, use 512 bytes blocks
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit |
What does the command `whoami` do? | whoami - print effective user name |
How is the `whoami` used? | whoami [OPTION]... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `whoami`? | Print the user name associated with the current effective user ID. Same as id -un.
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit |
What does the command `truncate` do? | truncate - shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size |
How is the `truncate` used? | truncate OPTION... FILE... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `truncate`? | Shrink or extend the size of each FILE to the specified size
A FILE argument that does not exist is created.
If a FILE is larger than the specified size, the extra data is lost. If a FILE is shorter, it is extended and
the sparse extended part (hole) reads as zero bytes.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-c, --no-create
do not create any files
-o, --io-blocks
treat SIZE as number of IO blocks instead of bytes
-r, --reference=RFILE
base size on RFILE
-s, --size=SIZE
set or adjust the file size by SIZE bytes
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is 10*1024). Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q
(powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000). Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
SIZE may also be prefixed by one of the following modifying characters: '+' extend by, '-' reduce by, '<' at
most, '>' at least, '/' round down to multiple of, '%' round up to multiple of. |
What does the command `install` do? | install - copy files and set attributes |
How is the `install` used? | install [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
install [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
install [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
install [OPTION]... -d DIRECTORY... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `install`? | This install program copies files (often just compiled) into destination locations you choose. If you want to
download and install a ready-to-use package on a GNU/Linux system, you should instead be using a package manager
like yum(1) or apt-get(1).
In the first three forms, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to the existing DIRECTORY, while setting
permission modes and owner/group. In the 4th form, create all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
--backup[=CONTROL]
make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
-c (ignored)
-C, --compare
compare content of source and destination files, and if no change to content, ownership, and permissions,
do not modify the destination at all
-d, --directory
treat all arguments as directory names; create all components of the specified directories
-D create all leading components of DEST except the last, or all components of --target-directory, then copy
SOURCE to DEST
--debug
explain how a file is copied. Implies -v
-g, --group=GROUP
set group ownership, instead of process' current group
-m, --mode=MODE
set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rwxr-xr-x
-o, --owner=OWNER
set ownership (super-user only)
-p, --preserve-timestamps
apply access/modification times of SOURCE files to corresponding destination files
-s, --strip
strip symbol tables
--strip-program=PROGRAM
program used to strip binaries
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX
override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY
copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory
treat DEST as a normal file
-v, --verbose
print the name of each created file or directory
--preserve-context
preserve SELinux security context
-Z set SELinux security context of destination file and each created directory to default type
--context[=CTX]
like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the SELinux or SMACK security context to CTX
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. The version control method may be
selected via the --backup option or through the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
none, off
never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t
make numbered backups
existing, nil
numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never
always make simple backups |
What does the command `nl` do? | nl - number lines of files |
How is the `nl` used? | nl [OPTION]... [FILE]... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `nl`? | Write each FILE to standard output, with line numbers added.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-b, --body-numbering=STYLE
use STYLE for numbering body lines
-d, --section-delimiter=CC
use CC for logical page delimiters
-f, --footer-numbering=STYLE
use STYLE for numbering footer lines
-h, --header-numbering=STYLE
use STYLE for numbering header lines
-i, --line-increment=NUMBER
line number increment at each line
-l, --join-blank-lines=NUMBER
group of NUMBER empty lines counted as one
-n, --number-format=FORMAT
insert line numbers according to FORMAT
-p, --no-renumber
do not reset line numbers for each section
-s, --number-separator=STRING
add STRING after (possible) line number
-v, --starting-line-number=NUMBER
first line number for each section
-w, --number-width=NUMBER
use NUMBER columns for line numbers
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Default options are: -bt -d'\:' -fn -hn -i1 -l1 -n'rn' -s<TAB> -v1 -w6
CC are two delimiter characters used to construct logical page delimiters; a missing second character implies
':'. As a GNU extension one can specify more than two characters, and also specifying the empty string (-d '')
disables section matching.
STYLE is one of:
a number all lines
t number only nonempty lines
n number no lines
pBRE number only lines that contain a match for the basic regular expression, BRE
FORMAT is one of:
ln left justified, no leading zeros
rn right justified, no leading zeros
rz right justified, leading zeros |
What does the command `echo` do? | echo - display a line of text |
How is the `echo` used? | echo [SHORT-OPTION]... [STRING]...
echo LONG-OPTION |
What is the detailed desciption of the `echo`? | Echo the STRING(s) to standard output.
-n do not output the trailing newline
-e enable interpretation of backslash escapes
-E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default)
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized:
\\ backslash
\a alert (BEL)
\b backspace
\c produce no further output
\e escape
\f form feed
\n new line
\r carriage return
\t horizontal tab
\v vertical tab
\0NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits)
\xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits)
NOTE: your shell may have its own version of echo, which usually supersedes the version described here. Please
refer to your shell's documentation for details about the options it supports.
NOTE: printf(1) is a preferred alternative, which does not have issues outputting option-like strings. |
What does the command `chroot` do? | chroot - run command or interactive shell with special root directory |
How is the `chroot` used? | chroot [OPTION] NEWROOT [COMMAND [ARG]...]
chroot OPTION |
What is the detailed desciption of the `chroot`? | Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.
--groups=G_LIST
specify supplementary groups as g1,g2,..,gN
--userspec=USER:GROUP
specify user and group (ID or name) to use
--skip-chdir
do not change working directory to '/'
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
If no command is given, run '"$SHELL" -i' (default: '/bin/sh -i').
Exit status:
125 if the chroot command itself fails
126 if COMMAND is found but cannot be invoked
127 if COMMAND cannot be found
- the exit status of COMMAND otherwise |
What does the command `comm` do? | comm - compare two sorted files line by line |
How is the `comm` used? | comm [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2 |
What is the detailed desciption of the `comm`? | Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains lines unique to FILE1, column two contains
lines unique to FILE2, and column three contains lines common to both files.
-1 suppress column 1 (lines unique to FILE1)
-2 suppress column 2 (lines unique to FILE2)
-3 suppress column 3 (lines that appear in both files)
--check-order
check that the input is correctly sorted, even if all input lines are pairable
--nocheck-order
do not check that the input is correctly sorted
--output-delimiter=STR
separate columns with STR
--total
output a summary
-z, --zero-terminated
line delimiter is NUL, not newline
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
Note, comparisons honor the rules specified by 'LC_COLLATE'. |
What does the command `pinky` do? | pinky - lightweight finger |
How is the `pinky` used? | pinky [OPTION]... [USER]... |
What is the detailed desciption of the `pinky`? | -l produce long format output for the specified USERs
-b omit the user's home directory and shell in long format
-h omit the user's project file in long format
-p omit the user's plan file in long format
-s do short format output, this is the default
-f omit the line of column headings in short format
-w omit the user's full name in short format
-i omit the user's full name and remote host in short format
-q omit the user's full name, remote host and idle time in short format
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
A lightweight 'finger' program; print user information. The utmp file will be /var/run/utmp. |
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