index
int64 | query
string | choices
list | source
string | gold
int64 | query_olmes
string | full_text_olmes
string | full_text
string | id_olmes
null | id
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
285 |
Detective: People who repeatedly commit crimes like embezzlement or bribery without being caught tend to become more confident. With each success, they believe that getting caught is less likely. However, the more crimes a person commits, the greater the chance that one of those crimes will be solved. It is therefore likely that most people who commit embezzlement or bribery will eventually be caught.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the detective's argument?
A. The majority of people who commit embezzlement or bribery do so repeatedly.
B. People who commit embezzlement or bribery tend to be people who feel confident.
C. Embezzlement and bribery are more likely to be solved than are many other types of crimes.
D. People who repeatedly commit embezzlement or bribery become more and more careless the longer they avoid detection.
E. No one who commits embezzlement or bribery is ever caught the first time.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Detective: People who repeatedly commit crimes like embezzlement or bribery without being caught tend to become more confident. With each success, they believe that getting caught is less likely. However, the more crimes a person commits, the greater the chance that one of those crimes will be solved. It is therefore likely that most people who commit embezzlement or bribery will eventually be caught.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the detective's argument?
A. The majority of people who commit embezzlement or bribery do so repeatedly.
B. People who commit embezzlement or bribery tend to be people who feel confident.
C. Embezzlement and bribery are more likely to be solved than are many other types of crimes.
D. People who repeatedly commit embezzlement or bribery become more and more careless the longer they avoid detection.
E. No one who commits embezzlement or bribery is ever caught the first time.
Answer:
|
Detective: People who repeatedly commit crimes like embezzlement or bribery without being caught tend to become more confident. With each success, they believe that getting caught is less likely. However, the more crimes a person commits, the greater the chance that one of those crimes will be solved. It is therefore likely that most people who commit embezzlement or bribery will eventually be caught.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the detective's argument?
A. The majority of people who commit embezzlement or bribery do so repeatedly.
B. People who commit embezzlement or bribery tend to be people who feel confident.
C. Embezzlement and bribery are more likely to be solved than are many other types of crimes.
D. People who repeatedly commit embezzlement or bribery become more and more careless the longer they avoid detection.
E. No one who commits embezzlement or bribery is ever caught the first time.
Answer:
|
Detective: People who repeatedly commit crimes like embezzlement or bribery without being caught tend to become more confident. With each success, they believe that getting caught is less likely. However, the more crimes a person commits, the greater the chance that one of those crimes will be solved. It is therefore likely that most people who commit embezzlement or bribery will eventually be caught.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the detective's argument?
A. The majority of people who commit embezzlement or bribery do so repeatedly.
B. People who commit embezzlement or bribery tend to be people who feel confident.
C. Embezzlement and bribery are more likely to be solved than are many other types of crimes.
D. People who repeatedly commit embezzlement or bribery become more and more careless the longer they avoid detection.
E. No one who commits embezzlement or bribery is ever caught the first time.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:285
|
|
42 |
The tendency toward overspecialization in the study of artifacts is unfortunate. Scholars can enhance their understanding of a certain artistic period by studying art from earlier periods that had a significant influence on it. For instance, because of its influence on Spanish artisans, a proper understanding of Arabic porcelain is indispensable for a proper understanding of Spanish porcelain.
Question: Of the following, which one most closely conforms to the principle that the passage as a whole illustrates?
A. To understand completely the major trends in research on aging, one must understand the influences these trends exert on society's view of aging.
B. To understand fully the historical events of this century, a historian must have an understanding of similar events in earlier centuries.
C. To appreciate fully the French language, one must understand the other languages that share its linguistic ancestry.
D. To understand properly any academic discipline, one must have at least a superficial acquaintance with the practices of the wider academic community.
E. To understand completely Aristotle's philosophy, one must be well acquainted with the philosophy of his intellectual mentor, Plato.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
The tendency toward overspecialization in the study of artifacts is unfortunate. Scholars can enhance their understanding of a certain artistic period by studying art from earlier periods that had a significant influence on it. For instance, because of its influence on Spanish artisans, a proper understanding of Arabic porcelain is indispensable for a proper understanding of Spanish porcelain.
Question: Of the following, which one most closely conforms to the principle that the passage as a whole illustrates?
A. To understand completely the major trends in research on aging, one must understand the influences these trends exert on society's view of aging.
B. To understand fully the historical events of this century, a historian must have an understanding of similar events in earlier centuries.
C. To appreciate fully the French language, one must understand the other languages that share its linguistic ancestry.
D. To understand properly any academic discipline, one must have at least a superficial acquaintance with the practices of the wider academic community.
E. To understand completely Aristotle's philosophy, one must be well acquainted with the philosophy of his intellectual mentor, Plato.
Answer:
|
The tendency toward overspecialization in the study of artifacts is unfortunate. Scholars can enhance their understanding of a certain artistic period by studying art from earlier periods that had a significant influence on it. For instance, because of its influence on Spanish artisans, a proper understanding of Arabic porcelain is indispensable for a proper understanding of Spanish porcelain.
Question: Of the following, which one most closely conforms to the principle that the passage as a whole illustrates?
A. To understand completely the major trends in research on aging, one must understand the influences these trends exert on society's view of aging.
B. To understand fully the historical events of this century, a historian must have an understanding of similar events in earlier centuries.
C. To appreciate fully the French language, one must understand the other languages that share its linguistic ancestry.
D. To understand properly any academic discipline, one must have at least a superficial acquaintance with the practices of the wider academic community.
E. To understand completely Aristotle's philosophy, one must be well acquainted with the philosophy of his intellectual mentor, Plato.
Answer:
|
The tendency toward overspecialization in the study of artifacts is unfortunate. Scholars can enhance their understanding of a certain artistic period by studying art from earlier periods that had a significant influence on it. For instance, because of its influence on Spanish artisans, a proper understanding of Arabic porcelain is indispensable for a proper understanding of Spanish porcelain.
Question: Of the following, which one most closely conforms to the principle that the passage as a whole illustrates?
A. To understand completely the major trends in research on aging, one must understand the influences these trends exert on society's view of aging.
B. To understand fully the historical events of this century, a historian must have an understanding of similar events in earlier centuries.
C. To appreciate fully the French language, one must understand the other languages that share its linguistic ancestry.
D. To understand properly any academic discipline, one must have at least a superficial acquaintance with the practices of the wider academic community.
E. To understand completely Aristotle's philosophy, one must be well acquainted with the philosophy of his intellectual mentor, Plato.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:42
|
|
330 |
Student: If a person has an immunity to infection by a microorganism, then that microorganism does not cause them to develop harmful symptoms. Since many people are exposed to staphylococcus without developing any harmful symptoms, it follows that they have an immunity to infection by this microorganism.
Question: The student's argument is most similar in its flawed pattern of reasoning to which one of the following?
A. Everything morally right is just, but some actions that best serve the interests of everyone are not just. Thus, some morally right actions do not serve the interests of everyone.
B. Advertisers try to persuade people that certain claims are true. Since writers of fiction are not advertisers, they probably never try to persuade people that certain claims are true.
C. Isabel said that she would take the medication. Obviously, though, she did not do so, because medication either cures disease or alleviates its symptoms, and Isabel is still quite ill.
D. When business owners are subjected to excessive taxation, they become less willing to expand their businesses. The recent decline in business expansions thus shows that their taxes are too high.
E. Studies show that doctors tend to wash their hands less often than any other health care professionals. This shows that the procedure cannot be of much value in preventing disease.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Student: If a person has an immunity to infection by a microorganism, then that microorganism does not cause them to develop harmful symptoms. Since many people are exposed to staphylococcus without developing any harmful symptoms, it follows that they have an immunity to infection by this microorganism.
Question: The student's argument is most similar in its flawed pattern of reasoning to which one of the following?
A. Everything morally right is just, but some actions that best serve the interests of everyone are not just. Thus, some morally right actions do not serve the interests of everyone.
B. Advertisers try to persuade people that certain claims are true. Since writers of fiction are not advertisers, they probably never try to persuade people that certain claims are true.
C. Isabel said that she would take the medication. Obviously, though, she did not do so, because medication either cures disease or alleviates its symptoms, and Isabel is still quite ill.
D. When business owners are subjected to excessive taxation, they become less willing to expand their businesses. The recent decline in business expansions thus shows that their taxes are too high.
E. Studies show that doctors tend to wash their hands less often than any other health care professionals. This shows that the procedure cannot be of much value in preventing disease.
Answer:
|
Student: If a person has an immunity to infection by a microorganism, then that microorganism does not cause them to develop harmful symptoms. Since many people are exposed to staphylococcus without developing any harmful symptoms, it follows that they have an immunity to infection by this microorganism.
Question: The student's argument is most similar in its flawed pattern of reasoning to which one of the following?
A. Everything morally right is just, but some actions that best serve the interests of everyone are not just. Thus, some morally right actions do not serve the interests of everyone.
B. Advertisers try to persuade people that certain claims are true. Since writers of fiction are not advertisers, they probably never try to persuade people that certain claims are true.
C. Isabel said that she would take the medication. Obviously, though, she did not do so, because medication either cures disease or alleviates its symptoms, and Isabel is still quite ill.
D. When business owners are subjected to excessive taxation, they become less willing to expand their businesses. The recent decline in business expansions thus shows that their taxes are too high.
E. Studies show that doctors tend to wash their hands less often than any other health care professionals. This shows that the procedure cannot be of much value in preventing disease.
Answer:
|
Student: If a person has an immunity to infection by a microorganism, then that microorganism does not cause them to develop harmful symptoms. Since many people are exposed to staphylococcus without developing any harmful symptoms, it follows that they have an immunity to infection by this microorganism.
Question: The student's argument is most similar in its flawed pattern of reasoning to which one of the following?
A. Everything morally right is just, but some actions that best serve the interests of everyone are not just. Thus, some morally right actions do not serve the interests of everyone.
B. Advertisers try to persuade people that certain claims are true. Since writers of fiction are not advertisers, they probably never try to persuade people that certain claims are true.
C. Isabel said that she would take the medication. Obviously, though, she did not do so, because medication either cures disease or alleviates its symptoms, and Isabel is still quite ill.
D. When business owners are subjected to excessive taxation, they become less willing to expand their businesses. The recent decline in business expansions thus shows that their taxes are too high.
E. Studies show that doctors tend to wash their hands less often than any other health care professionals. This shows that the procedure cannot be of much value in preventing disease.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:330
|
|
428 |
Most kinds of soil contain clay, and virtually every kind of soil contains either sand or organic material, or both. Therefore, there must be some kinds of soil that contain both clay and sand and some that contain both clay and organic material.
Question: The pattern of flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most parallel to that in the argument above?
A. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Vrrtually every pharmacy sells shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, if there are pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must also be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
B. Undoubtedly, most pharmacies sell cosmetics for almost all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both, and there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and shampoo and some that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste.
C. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Nearly all pharmacies sell shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, unless there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
D. Virtually every pharmacy that sells shampoo also sells toothpaste. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Therefore, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo
E. Nearly all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, since most pharmacies sell cosmetics, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Most kinds of soil contain clay, and virtually every kind of soil contains either sand or organic material, or both. Therefore, there must be some kinds of soil that contain both clay and sand and some that contain both clay and organic material.
Question: The pattern of flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most parallel to that in the argument above?
A. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Vrrtually every pharmacy sells shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, if there are pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must also be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
B. Undoubtedly, most pharmacies sell cosmetics for almost all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both, and there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and shampoo and some that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste.
C. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Nearly all pharmacies sell shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, unless there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
D. Virtually every pharmacy that sells shampoo also sells toothpaste. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Therefore, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo
E. Nearly all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, since most pharmacies sell cosmetics, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
Answer:
|
Most kinds of soil contain clay, and virtually every kind of soil contains either sand or organic material, or both. Therefore, there must be some kinds of soil that contain both clay and sand and some that contain both clay and organic material.
Question: The pattern of flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most parallel to that in the argument above?
A. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Vrrtually every pharmacy sells shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, if there are pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must also be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
B. Undoubtedly, most pharmacies sell cosmetics for almost all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both, and there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and shampoo and some that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste.
C. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Nearly all pharmacies sell shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, unless there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
D. Virtually every pharmacy that sells shampoo also sells toothpaste. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Therefore, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo
E. Nearly all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, since most pharmacies sell cosmetics, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
Answer:
|
Most kinds of soil contain clay, and virtually every kind of soil contains either sand or organic material, or both. Therefore, there must be some kinds of soil that contain both clay and sand and some that contain both clay and organic material.
Question: The pattern of flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments is most parallel to that in the argument above?
A. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Vrrtually every pharmacy sells shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, if there are pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must also be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
B. Undoubtedly, most pharmacies sell cosmetics for almost all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both, and there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and shampoo and some that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste.
C. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Nearly all pharmacies sell shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, unless there are some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste, there must be some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
D. Virtually every pharmacy that sells shampoo also sells toothpaste. Most pharmacies sell cosmetics. Therefore, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo
E. Nearly all pharmacies sell either shampoo or toothpaste, or both. Therefore, since most pharmacies sell cosmetics, there must be some pharmacies that sell both cosmetics and toothpaste and some that sell both cosmetics and shampoo.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:428
|
|
244 |
Anyone who knows Ellsworth knows that he is bursting with self-righteousness, touting the idealism of his generation over the greed of the previous generation. So no one who knows him will be surprised that Ellsworth is offended by the suggestions in the media that he has engaged in unethical business practices.
Question: The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. Everyone suspects self-righteous people of being, in actuality, unethical.
B. Ellsworth has been accused of unethical business practices before.
C. Hypocrites often hide behind righteous indignation.
D. Ellsworth is in fact innocent of all wrongdoing.
E. Everyone expects self-righteous people to be easily offended.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Anyone who knows Ellsworth knows that he is bursting with self-righteousness, touting the idealism of his generation over the greed of the previous generation. So no one who knows him will be surprised that Ellsworth is offended by the suggestions in the media that he has engaged in unethical business practices.
Question: The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. Everyone suspects self-righteous people of being, in actuality, unethical.
B. Ellsworth has been accused of unethical business practices before.
C. Hypocrites often hide behind righteous indignation.
D. Ellsworth is in fact innocent of all wrongdoing.
E. Everyone expects self-righteous people to be easily offended.
Answer:
|
Anyone who knows Ellsworth knows that he is bursting with self-righteousness, touting the idealism of his generation over the greed of the previous generation. So no one who knows him will be surprised that Ellsworth is offended by the suggestions in the media that he has engaged in unethical business practices.
Question: The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. Everyone suspects self-righteous people of being, in actuality, unethical.
B. Ellsworth has been accused of unethical business practices before.
C. Hypocrites often hide behind righteous indignation.
D. Ellsworth is in fact innocent of all wrongdoing.
E. Everyone expects self-righteous people to be easily offended.
Answer:
|
Anyone who knows Ellsworth knows that he is bursting with self-righteousness, touting the idealism of his generation over the greed of the previous generation. So no one who knows him will be surprised that Ellsworth is offended by the suggestions in the media that he has engaged in unethical business practices.
Question: The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. Everyone suspects self-righteous people of being, in actuality, unethical.
B. Ellsworth has been accused of unethical business practices before.
C. Hypocrites often hide behind righteous indignation.
D. Ellsworth is in fact innocent of all wrongdoing.
E. Everyone expects self-righteous people to be easily offended.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:244
|
|
484 |
Community organizer: Before last year's community cleanup, only 77 of the local residents signed up to participate, but then well over 100 actually participated. This year, 85 residents have signed up to participate. Since our community cleanup will be a success if we have at least 100 participants, we can be confident that this year's cleanup will be a success.
Question: The reasoning in the community organizer's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument
A. generalizes about the outcome of an event based on a single observation of a similar situation
B. takes for granted that people who participated in last year's cleanup will participate this year
C. confuses a condition that is required for an outcome with one that is sufficient for that outcome
D. overlooks the possibility that the cleanup will attract participants who are not residents in the community
E. defines a term in such a way as to ensure that whatever the outcome, it will be considered a positive outcome
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Community organizer: Before last year's community cleanup, only 77 of the local residents signed up to participate, but then well over 100 actually participated. This year, 85 residents have signed up to participate. Since our community cleanup will be a success if we have at least 100 participants, we can be confident that this year's cleanup will be a success.
Question: The reasoning in the community organizer's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument
A. generalizes about the outcome of an event based on a single observation of a similar situation
B. takes for granted that people who participated in last year's cleanup will participate this year
C. confuses a condition that is required for an outcome with one that is sufficient for that outcome
D. overlooks the possibility that the cleanup will attract participants who are not residents in the community
E. defines a term in such a way as to ensure that whatever the outcome, it will be considered a positive outcome
Answer:
|
Community organizer: Before last year's community cleanup, only 77 of the local residents signed up to participate, but then well over 100 actually participated. This year, 85 residents have signed up to participate. Since our community cleanup will be a success if we have at least 100 participants, we can be confident that this year's cleanup will be a success.
Question: The reasoning in the community organizer's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument
A. generalizes about the outcome of an event based on a single observation of a similar situation
B. takes for granted that people who participated in last year's cleanup will participate this year
C. confuses a condition that is required for an outcome with one that is sufficient for that outcome
D. overlooks the possibility that the cleanup will attract participants who are not residents in the community
E. defines a term in such a way as to ensure that whatever the outcome, it will be considered a positive outcome
Answer:
|
Community organizer: Before last year's community cleanup, only 77 of the local residents signed up to participate, but then well over 100 actually participated. This year, 85 residents have signed up to participate. Since our community cleanup will be a success if we have at least 100 participants, we can be confident that this year's cleanup will be a success.
Question: The reasoning in the community organizer's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument
A. generalizes about the outcome of an event based on a single observation of a similar situation
B. takes for granted that people who participated in last year's cleanup will participate this year
C. confuses a condition that is required for an outcome with one that is sufficient for that outcome
D. overlooks the possibility that the cleanup will attract participants who are not residents in the community
E. defines a term in such a way as to ensure that whatever the outcome, it will be considered a positive outcome
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:484
|
|
88 |
Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders. But front-loaders have the controls and access in front. This is more convenient for wheelchair users, some of whom find it highly inconvenient to remove laundry from top-loaders. So for some consumers front-loaders are superior.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the consumer advocate's argument depends?
A. For some consumers the convenience of front-loaders outweighs the advantages of top-loaders in assessing which is superior.
B. Washing machines of a given type should be compared only with washing machines of that type.
C. Convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior.
D. Retrieving clothes from a top-loader is convenient for people who do not use wheelchairs.
E. Retrieving clothes from front-loaders is inconvenient for people who are not wheelchair users.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders. But front-loaders have the controls and access in front. This is more convenient for wheelchair users, some of whom find it highly inconvenient to remove laundry from top-loaders. So for some consumers front-loaders are superior.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the consumer advocate's argument depends?
A. For some consumers the convenience of front-loaders outweighs the advantages of top-loaders in assessing which is superior.
B. Washing machines of a given type should be compared only with washing machines of that type.
C. Convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior.
D. Retrieving clothes from a top-loader is convenient for people who do not use wheelchairs.
E. Retrieving clothes from front-loaders is inconvenient for people who are not wheelchair users.
Answer:
|
Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders. But front-loaders have the controls and access in front. This is more convenient for wheelchair users, some of whom find it highly inconvenient to remove laundry from top-loaders. So for some consumers front-loaders are superior.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the consumer advocate's argument depends?
A. For some consumers the convenience of front-loaders outweighs the advantages of top-loaders in assessing which is superior.
B. Washing machines of a given type should be compared only with washing machines of that type.
C. Convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior.
D. Retrieving clothes from a top-loader is convenient for people who do not use wheelchairs.
E. Retrieving clothes from front-loaders is inconvenient for people who are not wheelchair users.
Answer:
|
Consumer advocate: A recent study concluded that top-loading washing machines are superior overall to front-loaders. But front-loaders have the controls and access in front. This is more convenient for wheelchair users, some of whom find it highly inconvenient to remove laundry from top-loaders. So for some consumers front-loaders are superior.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the consumer advocate's argument depends?
A. For some consumers the convenience of front-loaders outweighs the advantages of top-loaders in assessing which is superior.
B. Washing machines of a given type should be compared only with washing machines of that type.
C. Convenience is the only important factor in determining which type of washing machine is superior.
D. Retrieving clothes from a top-loader is convenient for people who do not use wheelchairs.
E. Retrieving clothes from front-loaders is inconvenient for people who are not wheelchair users.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:88
|
|
270 |
Evidently, watching too much television can lead people to overestimate the risks that the world poses to them. A recent study found that people are more likely to think that they will be victims of a natural disaster if they watch an above-average amount of television than if they do not.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?
A. Many people overestimate the dangers that the world poses to them, regardless of the amount of television they watch.
B. A person is less likely to live in an area that is prone to natural disasters if that person watches an above-average amount of television than if that person watches a below-average amount of television.
C. People who watch a below-average amount of television tend to have a fairly accurate idea of the likelihood that they will be victims of a natural disaster.
D. People who are well informed about the risks posed by natural disasters tend to have become well informed in some way other than by watching television.
E. A person is more likely to watch an above-average amount of television if that person lives in an area that is prone to natural disasters than if that person lives in an area that is not.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Evidently, watching too much television can lead people to overestimate the risks that the world poses to them. A recent study found that people are more likely to think that they will be victims of a natural disaster if they watch an above-average amount of television than if they do not.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?
A. Many people overestimate the dangers that the world poses to them, regardless of the amount of television they watch.
B. A person is less likely to live in an area that is prone to natural disasters if that person watches an above-average amount of television than if that person watches a below-average amount of television.
C. People who watch a below-average amount of television tend to have a fairly accurate idea of the likelihood that they will be victims of a natural disaster.
D. People who are well informed about the risks posed by natural disasters tend to have become well informed in some way other than by watching television.
E. A person is more likely to watch an above-average amount of television if that person lives in an area that is prone to natural disasters than if that person lives in an area that is not.
Answer:
|
Evidently, watching too much television can lead people to overestimate the risks that the world poses to them. A recent study found that people are more likely to think that they will be victims of a natural disaster if they watch an above-average amount of television than if they do not.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?
A. Many people overestimate the dangers that the world poses to them, regardless of the amount of television they watch.
B. A person is less likely to live in an area that is prone to natural disasters if that person watches an above-average amount of television than if that person watches a below-average amount of television.
C. People who watch a below-average amount of television tend to have a fairly accurate idea of the likelihood that they will be victims of a natural disaster.
D. People who are well informed about the risks posed by natural disasters tend to have become well informed in some way other than by watching television.
E. A person is more likely to watch an above-average amount of television if that person lives in an area that is prone to natural disasters than if that person lives in an area that is not.
Answer:
|
Evidently, watching too much television can lead people to overestimate the risks that the world poses to them. A recent study found that people are more likely to think that they will be victims of a natural disaster if they watch an above-average amount of television than if they do not.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?
A. Many people overestimate the dangers that the world poses to them, regardless of the amount of television they watch.
B. A person is less likely to live in an area that is prone to natural disasters if that person watches an above-average amount of television than if that person watches a below-average amount of television.
C. People who watch a below-average amount of television tend to have a fairly accurate idea of the likelihood that they will be victims of a natural disaster.
D. People who are well informed about the risks posed by natural disasters tend to have become well informed in some way other than by watching television.
E. A person is more likely to watch an above-average amount of television if that person lives in an area that is prone to natural disasters than if that person lives in an area that is not.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:270
|
|
0 |
Editorial: The structure of the present school calendar was established to satisfy the requirements of early-twentieth-century agricultural life. In those days, farmers needed their children to have long breaks during which they could remain at home and help with the harvest. The contemporary school year is thus made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks. But agricultural life no longer occupies most of our citizens, so we can now make changes that serve the interests of children. Therefore, long breaks should be removed from the school calendar.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the editorial's argument depends?
A. During long breaks children have a tendency to forget what they have learned.
B. Children of farmers need to continue observing a school calendar made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks.
C. Long breaks in the school calendar should be replaced with breaks that are no longer than workers' average vacations.
D. A change in the present school calendar that shortened breaks would serve the interests of agricultural life.
E. A school calendar made up of periods of study without long breaks would serve the interests of children more than a school calendar with long breaks.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Editorial: The structure of the present school calendar was established to satisfy the requirements of early-twentieth-century agricultural life. In those days, farmers needed their children to have long breaks during which they could remain at home and help with the harvest. The contemporary school year is thus made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks. But agricultural life no longer occupies most of our citizens, so we can now make changes that serve the interests of children. Therefore, long breaks should be removed from the school calendar.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the editorial's argument depends?
A. During long breaks children have a tendency to forget what they have learned.
B. Children of farmers need to continue observing a school calendar made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks.
C. Long breaks in the school calendar should be replaced with breaks that are no longer than workers' average vacations.
D. A change in the present school calendar that shortened breaks would serve the interests of agricultural life.
E. A school calendar made up of periods of study without long breaks would serve the interests of children more than a school calendar with long breaks.
Answer:
|
Editorial: The structure of the present school calendar was established to satisfy the requirements of early-twentieth-century agricultural life. In those days, farmers needed their children to have long breaks during which they could remain at home and help with the harvest. The contemporary school year is thus made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks. But agricultural life no longer occupies most of our citizens, so we can now make changes that serve the interests of children. Therefore, long breaks should be removed from the school calendar.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the editorial's argument depends?
A. During long breaks children have a tendency to forget what they have learned.
B. Children of farmers need to continue observing a school calendar made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks.
C. Long breaks in the school calendar should be replaced with breaks that are no longer than workers' average vacations.
D. A change in the present school calendar that shortened breaks would serve the interests of agricultural life.
E. A school calendar made up of periods of study without long breaks would serve the interests of children more than a school calendar with long breaks.
Answer:
|
Editorial: The structure of the present school calendar was established to satisfy the requirements of early-twentieth-century agricultural life. In those days, farmers needed their children to have long breaks during which they could remain at home and help with the harvest. The contemporary school year is thus made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks. But agricultural life no longer occupies most of our citizens, so we can now make changes that serve the interests of children. Therefore, long breaks should be removed from the school calendar.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the editorial's argument depends?
A. During long breaks children have a tendency to forget what they have learned.
B. Children of farmers need to continue observing a school calendar made up of periods of study interspersed with long breaks.
C. Long breaks in the school calendar should be replaced with breaks that are no longer than workers' average vacations.
D. A change in the present school calendar that shortened breaks would serve the interests of agricultural life.
E. A school calendar made up of periods of study without long breaks would serve the interests of children more than a school calendar with long breaks.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:0
|
|
190 |
Proponents of nuclear power point out that new nuclear plants are so technologically sophisticated that the chances of a meltdown are extremely small. This is true, but it would still be unwise to build nuclear power plants, since the consequences of a meltdown are absolutely catastrophic.
Question: The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to that in the argument above?
A. Many mountain climbers claim that their sport is safe because mishaps, though often fatal, are rare. However, mountain climbing is very risky: although the number of mishaps is small, so is the number of mountain climbers. Hence, the chance of a fatal mishap during mountain climbing is not as slim as it may seem.
B. Eating a serving of vegetables just once will not improve your health. It is nonetheless prudent to do so, for eating vegetables every day will make you much healthier over time.
C. Skydivers always use two parachutes: a main chute and an auxiliary one in case the main chute malfunctions. Thus, the risk of a fatal mishap is low. Nonetheless, it is foolish to skydive, for though the risk is small, the rewards from skydiving are also small.
D. The risk of serious injury when bungee jumping is quite low. Nonetheless, it is reckless to engage in that activity, for the injuries that would result in the case of an accident are so extreme that it is not worth the risk.
E. People complain about having to wear seat belts because they believe the chances of traffic accidents are slim. This is true; on any given trip it is unlikely that a collision will occur. However, it is till unwise to ride in a car without a seat belt, for the effort it takes to put one on is minimal.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Proponents of nuclear power point out that new nuclear plants are so technologically sophisticated that the chances of a meltdown are extremely small. This is true, but it would still be unwise to build nuclear power plants, since the consequences of a meltdown are absolutely catastrophic.
Question: The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to that in the argument above?
A. Many mountain climbers claim that their sport is safe because mishaps, though often fatal, are rare. However, mountain climbing is very risky: although the number of mishaps is small, so is the number of mountain climbers. Hence, the chance of a fatal mishap during mountain climbing is not as slim as it may seem.
B. Eating a serving of vegetables just once will not improve your health. It is nonetheless prudent to do so, for eating vegetables every day will make you much healthier over time.
C. Skydivers always use two parachutes: a main chute and an auxiliary one in case the main chute malfunctions. Thus, the risk of a fatal mishap is low. Nonetheless, it is foolish to skydive, for though the risk is small, the rewards from skydiving are also small.
D. The risk of serious injury when bungee jumping is quite low. Nonetheless, it is reckless to engage in that activity, for the injuries that would result in the case of an accident are so extreme that it is not worth the risk.
E. People complain about having to wear seat belts because they believe the chances of traffic accidents are slim. This is true; on any given trip it is unlikely that a collision will occur. However, it is till unwise to ride in a car without a seat belt, for the effort it takes to put one on is minimal.
Answer:
|
Proponents of nuclear power point out that new nuclear plants are so technologically sophisticated that the chances of a meltdown are extremely small. This is true, but it would still be unwise to build nuclear power plants, since the consequences of a meltdown are absolutely catastrophic.
Question: The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to that in the argument above?
A. Many mountain climbers claim that their sport is safe because mishaps, though often fatal, are rare. However, mountain climbing is very risky: although the number of mishaps is small, so is the number of mountain climbers. Hence, the chance of a fatal mishap during mountain climbing is not as slim as it may seem.
B. Eating a serving of vegetables just once will not improve your health. It is nonetheless prudent to do so, for eating vegetables every day will make you much healthier over time.
C. Skydivers always use two parachutes: a main chute and an auxiliary one in case the main chute malfunctions. Thus, the risk of a fatal mishap is low. Nonetheless, it is foolish to skydive, for though the risk is small, the rewards from skydiving are also small.
D. The risk of serious injury when bungee jumping is quite low. Nonetheless, it is reckless to engage in that activity, for the injuries that would result in the case of an accident are so extreme that it is not worth the risk.
E. People complain about having to wear seat belts because they believe the chances of traffic accidents are slim. This is true; on any given trip it is unlikely that a collision will occur. However, it is till unwise to ride in a car without a seat belt, for the effort it takes to put one on is minimal.
Answer:
|
Proponents of nuclear power point out that new nuclear plants are so technologically sophisticated that the chances of a meltdown are extremely small. This is true, but it would still be unwise to build nuclear power plants, since the consequences of a meltdown are absolutely catastrophic.
Question: The pattern of reasoning in which one of the following is most similar to that in the argument above?
A. Many mountain climbers claim that their sport is safe because mishaps, though often fatal, are rare. However, mountain climbing is very risky: although the number of mishaps is small, so is the number of mountain climbers. Hence, the chance of a fatal mishap during mountain climbing is not as slim as it may seem.
B. Eating a serving of vegetables just once will not improve your health. It is nonetheless prudent to do so, for eating vegetables every day will make you much healthier over time.
C. Skydivers always use two parachutes: a main chute and an auxiliary one in case the main chute malfunctions. Thus, the risk of a fatal mishap is low. Nonetheless, it is foolish to skydive, for though the risk is small, the rewards from skydiving are also small.
D. The risk of serious injury when bungee jumping is quite low. Nonetheless, it is reckless to engage in that activity, for the injuries that would result in the case of an accident are so extreme that it is not worth the risk.
E. People complain about having to wear seat belts because they believe the chances of traffic accidents are slim. This is true; on any given trip it is unlikely that a collision will occur. However, it is till unwise to ride in a car without a seat belt, for the effort it takes to put one on is minimal.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:190
|
|
498 |
Global wanning has contributed to a rise in global sea level not only because it causes glaciers and ice sheets to melt, but also simply because when water is heated its volume increases. But this rise in global sea level is less than it otherwise would be, since over the years artificial reservoirs have been built all around the world that collectively contain a great deal of water that would otherwise reach the sea.
Question: Which one of the following can most reasonably be concluded on the basis of the information above?
A. The exact magnitude of the rise in global sea level is in dispute.
B. Rises in global sea level that occurred before the world's reservoirs were built are difficult to explain.
C. Little is known about the contribution of global warming to the rise in global sea level.
D. The amount of water in the world's reservoirs is about equal to the amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets.
E. The amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets cannot be determined by looking at the rise in global sea level alone.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Global wanning has contributed to a rise in global sea level not only because it causes glaciers and ice sheets to melt, but also simply because when water is heated its volume increases. But this rise in global sea level is less than it otherwise would be, since over the years artificial reservoirs have been built all around the world that collectively contain a great deal of water that would otherwise reach the sea.
Question: Which one of the following can most reasonably be concluded on the basis of the information above?
A. The exact magnitude of the rise in global sea level is in dispute.
B. Rises in global sea level that occurred before the world's reservoirs were built are difficult to explain.
C. Little is known about the contribution of global warming to the rise in global sea level.
D. The amount of water in the world's reservoirs is about equal to the amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets.
E. The amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets cannot be determined by looking at the rise in global sea level alone.
Answer:
|
Global wanning has contributed to a rise in global sea level not only because it causes glaciers and ice sheets to melt, but also simply because when water is heated its volume increases. But this rise in global sea level is less than it otherwise would be, since over the years artificial reservoirs have been built all around the world that collectively contain a great deal of water that would otherwise reach the sea.
Question: Which one of the following can most reasonably be concluded on the basis of the information above?
A. The exact magnitude of the rise in global sea level is in dispute.
B. Rises in global sea level that occurred before the world's reservoirs were built are difficult to explain.
C. Little is known about the contribution of global warming to the rise in global sea level.
D. The amount of water in the world's reservoirs is about equal to the amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets.
E. The amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets cannot be determined by looking at the rise in global sea level alone.
Answer:
|
Global wanning has contributed to a rise in global sea level not only because it causes glaciers and ice sheets to melt, but also simply because when water is heated its volume increases. But this rise in global sea level is less than it otherwise would be, since over the years artificial reservoirs have been built all around the world that collectively contain a great deal of water that would otherwise reach the sea.
Question: Which one of the following can most reasonably be concluded on the basis of the information above?
A. The exact magnitude of the rise in global sea level is in dispute.
B. Rises in global sea level that occurred before the world's reservoirs were built are difficult to explain.
C. Little is known about the contribution of global warming to the rise in global sea level.
D. The amount of water in the world's reservoirs is about equal to the amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets.
E. The amount of water that results from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets cannot be determined by looking at the rise in global sea level alone.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:498
|
|
192 |
Carpal tunnel syndrome, a nerve disorder that affects the hands and wrists, is often caused by repetitive motions such as typing on a keyboard. A recent study of office workers found that, among those who do similar amounts of typing, workers reporting the least control over their own work had almost three times the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome as did those who reported the most control.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the study's findiogs?
A. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to do significantly less typing than do those who have the least control over their own work.
B. Feeling a lack of control over one's own work teods to put one under emotional stress that makes one more susceptible to nerve disorders.
C. The keyboards on which office workers type teod to put typists' arms and hands in positions that promote the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.
D. Among office workers who rarely use keyboards, the rate of carpal tunnel syndrome is much higher for those who feel that they lack control over their own work.
E. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to perform repetitive motions other than typing more often than do office workers with the least control over their own work.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Carpal tunnel syndrome, a nerve disorder that affects the hands and wrists, is often caused by repetitive motions such as typing on a keyboard. A recent study of office workers found that, among those who do similar amounts of typing, workers reporting the least control over their own work had almost three times the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome as did those who reported the most control.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the study's findiogs?
A. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to do significantly less typing than do those who have the least control over their own work.
B. Feeling a lack of control over one's own work teods to put one under emotional stress that makes one more susceptible to nerve disorders.
C. The keyboards on which office workers type teod to put typists' arms and hands in positions that promote the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.
D. Among office workers who rarely use keyboards, the rate of carpal tunnel syndrome is much higher for those who feel that they lack control over their own work.
E. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to perform repetitive motions other than typing more often than do office workers with the least control over their own work.
Answer:
|
Carpal tunnel syndrome, a nerve disorder that affects the hands and wrists, is often caused by repetitive motions such as typing on a keyboard. A recent study of office workers found that, among those who do similar amounts of typing, workers reporting the least control over their own work had almost three times the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome as did those who reported the most control.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the study's findiogs?
A. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to do significantly less typing than do those who have the least control over their own work.
B. Feeling a lack of control over one's own work teods to put one under emotional stress that makes one more susceptible to nerve disorders.
C. The keyboards on which office workers type teod to put typists' arms and hands in positions that promote the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.
D. Among office workers who rarely use keyboards, the rate of carpal tunnel syndrome is much higher for those who feel that they lack control over their own work.
E. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to perform repetitive motions other than typing more often than do office workers with the least control over their own work.
Answer:
|
Carpal tunnel syndrome, a nerve disorder that affects the hands and wrists, is often caused by repetitive motions such as typing on a keyboard. A recent study of office workers found that, among those who do similar amounts of typing, workers reporting the least control over their own work had almost three times the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome as did those who reported the most control.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the study's findiogs?
A. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to do significantly less typing than do those who have the least control over their own work.
B. Feeling a lack of control over one's own work teods to put one under emotional stress that makes one more susceptible to nerve disorders.
C. The keyboards on which office workers type teod to put typists' arms and hands in positions that promote the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.
D. Among office workers who rarely use keyboards, the rate of carpal tunnel syndrome is much higher for those who feel that they lack control over their own work.
E. Office workers who have the most control over their own work tend to perform repetitive motions other than typing more often than do office workers with the least control over their own work.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:192
|
|
291 |
Though Earth's human population is increasing, it currently uses only a relatively small fraction of the supply of fresh water. Thus, claims that water shortages will plague humankind in the near future unless population growth trends change are simply mistaken.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
A. Population growth trends are notoriously hard to predict with reasonable accuracy.
B. The amount of fresh water available to meet the needs of Earth's population varies significantly from region to region.
C. Not all of Earth's population will adopt water conservation methods in the near future.
D. If Earth's population continues to increase, it will eventually outstrip all available resources.
E. The percentage of fresh water used for agriculture is likely to grow more quickly than is the percentage used for industry.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Though Earth's human population is increasing, it currently uses only a relatively small fraction of the supply of fresh water. Thus, claims that water shortages will plague humankind in the near future unless population growth trends change are simply mistaken.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
A. Population growth trends are notoriously hard to predict with reasonable accuracy.
B. The amount of fresh water available to meet the needs of Earth's population varies significantly from region to region.
C. Not all of Earth's population will adopt water conservation methods in the near future.
D. If Earth's population continues to increase, it will eventually outstrip all available resources.
E. The percentage of fresh water used for agriculture is likely to grow more quickly than is the percentage used for industry.
Answer:
|
Though Earth's human population is increasing, it currently uses only a relatively small fraction of the supply of fresh water. Thus, claims that water shortages will plague humankind in the near future unless population growth trends change are simply mistaken.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
A. Population growth trends are notoriously hard to predict with reasonable accuracy.
B. The amount of fresh water available to meet the needs of Earth's population varies significantly from region to region.
C. Not all of Earth's population will adopt water conservation methods in the near future.
D. If Earth's population continues to increase, it will eventually outstrip all available resources.
E. The percentage of fresh water used for agriculture is likely to grow more quickly than is the percentage used for industry.
Answer:
|
Though Earth's human population is increasing, it currently uses only a relatively small fraction of the supply of fresh water. Thus, claims that water shortages will plague humankind in the near future unless population growth trends change are simply mistaken.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
A. Population growth trends are notoriously hard to predict with reasonable accuracy.
B. The amount of fresh water available to meet the needs of Earth's population varies significantly from region to region.
C. Not all of Earth's population will adopt water conservation methods in the near future.
D. If Earth's population continues to increase, it will eventually outstrip all available resources.
E. The percentage of fresh water used for agriculture is likely to grow more quickly than is the percentage used for industry.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:291
|
|
118 |
Archaeologist: The mosaics that were removed from Zeugma, the ancient city now flooded by the runoff from Turkey's Birecik Dam, should have been left there. We had all the information about them that we needed to draw archaeological conclusions, and future archaeologists studying the site, who may not have access to our records, might be misled by their absence.
Question: Which one of the following, if assumed, most helps to justify the reasoning in the archaeologist's argument?
A. The only considerations that bear upon the question of whether the mosaics should have been removed are archaeological.
B. Archaeologists studying a site can tell whether or not that site had been flooded at some time.
C. The materials used in the construction of a mosaic are readily apparent when the mosaic is examined in its original location.
D. Archaeological sites from which artifacts have been removed rarely mislead archaeologists who later study the site.
E. The removal of artifacts from archaeological sites rarely has any environmental impact.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Archaeologist: The mosaics that were removed from Zeugma, the ancient city now flooded by the runoff from Turkey's Birecik Dam, should have been left there. We had all the information about them that we needed to draw archaeological conclusions, and future archaeologists studying the site, who may not have access to our records, might be misled by their absence.
Question: Which one of the following, if assumed, most helps to justify the reasoning in the archaeologist's argument?
A. The only considerations that bear upon the question of whether the mosaics should have been removed are archaeological.
B. Archaeologists studying a site can tell whether or not that site had been flooded at some time.
C. The materials used in the construction of a mosaic are readily apparent when the mosaic is examined in its original location.
D. Archaeological sites from which artifacts have been removed rarely mislead archaeologists who later study the site.
E. The removal of artifacts from archaeological sites rarely has any environmental impact.
Answer:
|
Archaeologist: The mosaics that were removed from Zeugma, the ancient city now flooded by the runoff from Turkey's Birecik Dam, should have been left there. We had all the information about them that we needed to draw archaeological conclusions, and future archaeologists studying the site, who may not have access to our records, might be misled by their absence.
Question: Which one of the following, if assumed, most helps to justify the reasoning in the archaeologist's argument?
A. The only considerations that bear upon the question of whether the mosaics should have been removed are archaeological.
B. Archaeologists studying a site can tell whether or not that site had been flooded at some time.
C. The materials used in the construction of a mosaic are readily apparent when the mosaic is examined in its original location.
D. Archaeological sites from which artifacts have been removed rarely mislead archaeologists who later study the site.
E. The removal of artifacts from archaeological sites rarely has any environmental impact.
Answer:
|
Archaeologist: The mosaics that were removed from Zeugma, the ancient city now flooded by the runoff from Turkey's Birecik Dam, should have been left there. We had all the information about them that we needed to draw archaeological conclusions, and future archaeologists studying the site, who may not have access to our records, might be misled by their absence.
Question: Which one of the following, if assumed, most helps to justify the reasoning in the archaeologist's argument?
A. The only considerations that bear upon the question of whether the mosaics should have been removed are archaeological.
B. Archaeologists studying a site can tell whether or not that site had been flooded at some time.
C. The materials used in the construction of a mosaic are readily apparent when the mosaic is examined in its original location.
D. Archaeological sites from which artifacts have been removed rarely mislead archaeologists who later study the site.
E. The removal of artifacts from archaeological sites rarely has any environmental impact.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:118
|
|
33 |
High blood cholesterol levels are bad for the heart. Like meat, eggs, and poultry, shellfish contains cholesterol. But shellfish is not necessarily bad for the heart; it is very low in saturated fat, which affects blood cholesterol levels much more than dietary cholesterol does.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Meat and eggs are high in saturated fat.
B. Small quantities of foods high in saturated fat are not bad for the heart
C. Shellfish has less cholesterol per gram than meat, eggs, and poultry do.
D. Foods low in saturated fat promote low blood cholesterol.
E. A serving of meat or poultry is typically larger than a serving of shellfish.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
High blood cholesterol levels are bad for the heart. Like meat, eggs, and poultry, shellfish contains cholesterol. But shellfish is not necessarily bad for the heart; it is very low in saturated fat, which affects blood cholesterol levels much more than dietary cholesterol does.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Meat and eggs are high in saturated fat.
B. Small quantities of foods high in saturated fat are not bad for the heart
C. Shellfish has less cholesterol per gram than meat, eggs, and poultry do.
D. Foods low in saturated fat promote low blood cholesterol.
E. A serving of meat or poultry is typically larger than a serving of shellfish.
Answer:
|
High blood cholesterol levels are bad for the heart. Like meat, eggs, and poultry, shellfish contains cholesterol. But shellfish is not necessarily bad for the heart; it is very low in saturated fat, which affects blood cholesterol levels much more than dietary cholesterol does.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Meat and eggs are high in saturated fat.
B. Small quantities of foods high in saturated fat are not bad for the heart
C. Shellfish has less cholesterol per gram than meat, eggs, and poultry do.
D. Foods low in saturated fat promote low blood cholesterol.
E. A serving of meat or poultry is typically larger than a serving of shellfish.
Answer:
|
High blood cholesterol levels are bad for the heart. Like meat, eggs, and poultry, shellfish contains cholesterol. But shellfish is not necessarily bad for the heart; it is very low in saturated fat, which affects blood cholesterol levels much more than dietary cholesterol does.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Meat and eggs are high in saturated fat.
B. Small quantities of foods high in saturated fat are not bad for the heart
C. Shellfish has less cholesterol per gram than meat, eggs, and poultry do.
D. Foods low in saturated fat promote low blood cholesterol.
E. A serving of meat or poultry is typically larger than a serving of shellfish.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:33
|
|
195 |
A high-calorie diet providing adequate fats was a crucial requirement for the evolution of the anatomically modem human brain, a process that began among our early human ancestors. Food resources that could support such a diet were most abundant and reliable in the shore environments that were available to early humans. Nevertheless, the human brain's evolution took place almost exclusively in savanna and woodland areas.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent conflict presented above?
A. Early humans had a significantly lower metabolic rate than anatomically modem humans,allowing them to expend their fat reserves more efficiently.
B. The brains of the earliest known humans were 30 percent smaller than the anatomically modem human brain.
C. Prehistoric savanna and woodland areas offered more reliable and abundant resources than they do today.
D. The techniques used to explore the archaeology of prehistoric shore sites have only recently been developed.
E. Gathering food in shore enviromnents required a significantly greater expenditure of calories by early humans than did gathering food in other environments.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
A high-calorie diet providing adequate fats was a crucial requirement for the evolution of the anatomically modem human brain, a process that began among our early human ancestors. Food resources that could support such a diet were most abundant and reliable in the shore environments that were available to early humans. Nevertheless, the human brain's evolution took place almost exclusively in savanna and woodland areas.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent conflict presented above?
A. Early humans had a significantly lower metabolic rate than anatomically modem humans,allowing them to expend their fat reserves more efficiently.
B. The brains of the earliest known humans were 30 percent smaller than the anatomically modem human brain.
C. Prehistoric savanna and woodland areas offered more reliable and abundant resources than they do today.
D. The techniques used to explore the archaeology of prehistoric shore sites have only recently been developed.
E. Gathering food in shore enviromnents required a significantly greater expenditure of calories by early humans than did gathering food in other environments.
Answer:
|
A high-calorie diet providing adequate fats was a crucial requirement for the evolution of the anatomically modem human brain, a process that began among our early human ancestors. Food resources that could support such a diet were most abundant and reliable in the shore environments that were available to early humans. Nevertheless, the human brain's evolution took place almost exclusively in savanna and woodland areas.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent conflict presented above?
A. Early humans had a significantly lower metabolic rate than anatomically modem humans,allowing them to expend their fat reserves more efficiently.
B. The brains of the earliest known humans were 30 percent smaller than the anatomically modem human brain.
C. Prehistoric savanna and woodland areas offered more reliable and abundant resources than they do today.
D. The techniques used to explore the archaeology of prehistoric shore sites have only recently been developed.
E. Gathering food in shore enviromnents required a significantly greater expenditure of calories by early humans than did gathering food in other environments.
Answer:
|
A high-calorie diet providing adequate fats was a crucial requirement for the evolution of the anatomically modem human brain, a process that began among our early human ancestors. Food resources that could support such a diet were most abundant and reliable in the shore environments that were available to early humans. Nevertheless, the human brain's evolution took place almost exclusively in savanna and woodland areas.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would most help to resolve the apparent conflict presented above?
A. Early humans had a significantly lower metabolic rate than anatomically modem humans,allowing them to expend their fat reserves more efficiently.
B. The brains of the earliest known humans were 30 percent smaller than the anatomically modem human brain.
C. Prehistoric savanna and woodland areas offered more reliable and abundant resources than they do today.
D. The techniques used to explore the archaeology of prehistoric shore sites have only recently been developed.
E. Gathering food in shore enviromnents required a significantly greater expenditure of calories by early humans than did gathering food in other environments.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:195
|
|
205 |
"Dumping" is defined as selling a product in another country for less than production cost. Shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G below the cost of producing shrimp in Country G. So Country F's producers are dumping shrimp.
Question: In order to evaluate the argument above, it is necessary to determine whether
A. "production cost" in the definition of dumping refers to the cost of producing the product in the country where it originates or in the country where it is sold
B. there is agreement among experts about whether dumping is harmful to the economy of the country in which products are sold for less than production cost
C. shrimp producers from Country F charge more for shrimp that they sell within their own country than for shrimp that they sell in Country G
D. shrimp producers from Country F will eventually go out of business if they continue to sell shrimp in Country G for less than production cost
E. shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G for considerably less than production cost or just slightly less
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
"Dumping" is defined as selling a product in another country for less than production cost. Shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G below the cost of producing shrimp in Country G. So Country F's producers are dumping shrimp.
Question: In order to evaluate the argument above, it is necessary to determine whether
A. "production cost" in the definition of dumping refers to the cost of producing the product in the country where it originates or in the country where it is sold
B. there is agreement among experts about whether dumping is harmful to the economy of the country in which products are sold for less than production cost
C. shrimp producers from Country F charge more for shrimp that they sell within their own country than for shrimp that they sell in Country G
D. shrimp producers from Country F will eventually go out of business if they continue to sell shrimp in Country G for less than production cost
E. shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G for considerably less than production cost or just slightly less
Answer:
|
"Dumping" is defined as selling a product in another country for less than production cost. Shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G below the cost of producing shrimp in Country G. So Country F's producers are dumping shrimp.
Question: In order to evaluate the argument above, it is necessary to determine whether
A. "production cost" in the definition of dumping refers to the cost of producing the product in the country where it originates or in the country where it is sold
B. there is agreement among experts about whether dumping is harmful to the economy of the country in which products are sold for less than production cost
C. shrimp producers from Country F charge more for shrimp that they sell within their own country than for shrimp that they sell in Country G
D. shrimp producers from Country F will eventually go out of business if they continue to sell shrimp in Country G for less than production cost
E. shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G for considerably less than production cost or just slightly less
Answer:
|
"Dumping" is defined as selling a product in another country for less than production cost. Shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G below the cost of producing shrimp in Country G. So Country F's producers are dumping shrimp.
Question: In order to evaluate the argument above, it is necessary to determine whether
A. "production cost" in the definition of dumping refers to the cost of producing the product in the country where it originates or in the country where it is sold
B. there is agreement among experts about whether dumping is harmful to the economy of the country in which products are sold for less than production cost
C. shrimp producers from Country F charge more for shrimp that they sell within their own country than for shrimp that they sell in Country G
D. shrimp producers from Country F will eventually go out of business if they continue to sell shrimp in Country G for less than production cost
E. shrimp producers from Country F are selling shrimp in Country G for considerably less than production cost or just slightly less
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:205
|
|
50 |
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
A. Because the police chief regards Carl as the most capable detective, she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve.
B. Before he became a detective, Carl was a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled.
C. Detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources, including the use of a large computer database, to help them solve crimes.
D. Carl was previously a detective in a police department in another city, and in the 4 years he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30 crimes.
E. Many of the officers in the police department in which Carl serves were hired or promoted within the last 5 years.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
A. Because the police chief regards Carl as the most capable detective, she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve.
B. Before he became a detective, Carl was a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled.
C. Detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources, including the use of a large computer database, to help them solve crimes.
D. Carl was previously a detective in a police department in another city, and in the 4 years he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30 crimes.
E. Many of the officers in the police department in which Carl serves were hired or promoted within the last 5 years.
Answer:
|
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
A. Because the police chief regards Carl as the most capable detective, she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve.
B. Before he became a detective, Carl was a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled.
C. Detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources, including the use of a large computer database, to help them solve crimes.
D. Carl was previously a detective in a police department in another city, and in the 4 years he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30 crimes.
E. Many of the officers in the police department in which Carl serves were hired or promoted within the last 5 years.
Answer:
|
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
A. Because the police chief regards Carl as the most capable detective, she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve.
B. Before he became a detective, Carl was a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled.
C. Detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources, including the use of a large computer database, to help them solve crimes.
D. Carl was previously a detective in a police department in another city, and in the 4 years he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30 crimes.
E. Many of the officers in the police department in which Carl serves were hired or promoted within the last 5 years.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:50
|
|
22 |
Editorial: This political party has repeatedly expressed the view that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal. On other occasions, however, the same party has claimed that the government should not increase spending on education. So this party's policy is clearly inconsistent.
Question: The argument in the editorial depends on assuming which one of the following?
A. It is inconsistent for a legislator both to claim that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal and to vote against increasing spending on education.
B. A consistent course of action in educational policy is usually the course of action that will reduce spending on education in the long run.
C. Even if a goal is a morally good one, one should not necessarily try to achieve it.
D. A consistent political policy does not hold that an action that comprises a worthy goal should not be performed.
E. Members of one political party never have inconsistent views on how to best approach a political issue.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Editorial: This political party has repeatedly expressed the view that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal. On other occasions, however, the same party has claimed that the government should not increase spending on education. So this party's policy is clearly inconsistent.
Question: The argument in the editorial depends on assuming which one of the following?
A. It is inconsistent for a legislator both to claim that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal and to vote against increasing spending on education.
B. A consistent course of action in educational policy is usually the course of action that will reduce spending on education in the long run.
C. Even if a goal is a morally good one, one should not necessarily try to achieve it.
D. A consistent political policy does not hold that an action that comprises a worthy goal should not be performed.
E. Members of one political party never have inconsistent views on how to best approach a political issue.
Answer:
|
Editorial: This political party has repeatedly expressed the view that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal. On other occasions, however, the same party has claimed that the government should not increase spending on education. So this party's policy is clearly inconsistent.
Question: The argument in the editorial depends on assuming which one of the following?
A. It is inconsistent for a legislator both to claim that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal and to vote against increasing spending on education.
B. A consistent course of action in educational policy is usually the course of action that will reduce spending on education in the long run.
C. Even if a goal is a morally good one, one should not necessarily try to achieve it.
D. A consistent political policy does not hold that an action that comprises a worthy goal should not be performed.
E. Members of one political party never have inconsistent views on how to best approach a political issue.
Answer:
|
Editorial: This political party has repeatedly expressed the view that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal. On other occasions, however, the same party has claimed that the government should not increase spending on education. So this party's policy is clearly inconsistent.
Question: The argument in the editorial depends on assuming which one of the following?
A. It is inconsistent for a legislator both to claim that increasing spending on education is a worthy goal and to vote against increasing spending on education.
B. A consistent course of action in educational policy is usually the course of action that will reduce spending on education in the long run.
C. Even if a goal is a morally good one, one should not necessarily try to achieve it.
D. A consistent political policy does not hold that an action that comprises a worthy goal should not be performed.
E. Members of one political party never have inconsistent views on how to best approach a political issue.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:22
|
|
60 |
Inez: The book we are reading, The Nature of Matter, is mistitled. A title should summarize the content of the whole book, but nearly half of this book is devoted to discussing a different, albeit closely related subject: energy. Antonio: I do not think that the author erred; according to modern physics, matter and energy are two facets of the same phenomenon.
Question: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the conversation above?
A. Inez believes that the book should be called The Nature of Energy.
B. Antonio believes that there are no differences between matter and energy.
C. Inez and Antonio disagree on whether matter and energy are related.
D. Inez and Antonio disagree about the overall value of the book.
E. Inez believes that the book's title should not mention matter without mentioning energy.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Inez: The book we are reading, The Nature of Matter, is mistitled. A title should summarize the content of the whole book, but nearly half of this book is devoted to discussing a different, albeit closely related subject: energy. Antonio: I do not think that the author erred; according to modern physics, matter and energy are two facets of the same phenomenon.
Question: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the conversation above?
A. Inez believes that the book should be called The Nature of Energy.
B. Antonio believes that there are no differences between matter and energy.
C. Inez and Antonio disagree on whether matter and energy are related.
D. Inez and Antonio disagree about the overall value of the book.
E. Inez believes that the book's title should not mention matter without mentioning energy.
Answer:
|
Inez: The book we are reading, The Nature of Matter, is mistitled. A title should summarize the content of the whole book, but nearly half of this book is devoted to discussing a different, albeit closely related subject: energy. Antonio: I do not think that the author erred; according to modern physics, matter and energy are two facets of the same phenomenon.
Question: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the conversation above?
A. Inez believes that the book should be called The Nature of Energy.
B. Antonio believes that there are no differences between matter and energy.
C. Inez and Antonio disagree on whether matter and energy are related.
D. Inez and Antonio disagree about the overall value of the book.
E. Inez believes that the book's title should not mention matter without mentioning energy.
Answer:
|
Inez: The book we are reading, The Nature of Matter, is mistitled. A title should summarize the content of the whole book, but nearly half of this book is devoted to discussing a different, albeit closely related subject: energy. Antonio: I do not think that the author erred; according to modern physics, matter and energy are two facets of the same phenomenon.
Question: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the conversation above?
A. Inez believes that the book should be called The Nature of Energy.
B. Antonio believes that there are no differences between matter and energy.
C. Inez and Antonio disagree on whether matter and energy are related.
D. Inez and Antonio disagree about the overall value of the book.
E. Inez believes that the book's title should not mention matter without mentioning energy.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:60
|
|
392 |
Richard: Because it fails to meet the fundamental requirement of art—that it represent—abstract art will eventually be seen as an aberration. Jung-Su: Although artists, like musicians, may reject literal representation, makers of abstract art choose to represent the purely formal features of objects, which are discovered only when everyday perspectives are rejected. Thus, whatever others might come to say, abstract art is part of the artistic mainstream.
Question: Richard and Jung-Su disagree over whether
A. makers of abstract art reject literal representation
B. the fundamental requirement of art is that it represent
C. musicians may reject literal representation
D. abstract art will be seen as an aberration
E. abstract art is representational
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Richard: Because it fails to meet the fundamental requirement of art—that it represent—abstract art will eventually be seen as an aberration. Jung-Su: Although artists, like musicians, may reject literal representation, makers of abstract art choose to represent the purely formal features of objects, which are discovered only when everyday perspectives are rejected. Thus, whatever others might come to say, abstract art is part of the artistic mainstream.
Question: Richard and Jung-Su disagree over whether
A. makers of abstract art reject literal representation
B. the fundamental requirement of art is that it represent
C. musicians may reject literal representation
D. abstract art will be seen as an aberration
E. abstract art is representational
Answer:
|
Richard: Because it fails to meet the fundamental requirement of art—that it represent—abstract art will eventually be seen as an aberration. Jung-Su: Although artists, like musicians, may reject literal representation, makers of abstract art choose to represent the purely formal features of objects, which are discovered only when everyday perspectives are rejected. Thus, whatever others might come to say, abstract art is part of the artistic mainstream.
Question: Richard and Jung-Su disagree over whether
A. makers of abstract art reject literal representation
B. the fundamental requirement of art is that it represent
C. musicians may reject literal representation
D. abstract art will be seen as an aberration
E. abstract art is representational
Answer:
|
Richard: Because it fails to meet the fundamental requirement of art—that it represent—abstract art will eventually be seen as an aberration. Jung-Su: Although artists, like musicians, may reject literal representation, makers of abstract art choose to represent the purely formal features of objects, which are discovered only when everyday perspectives are rejected. Thus, whatever others might come to say, abstract art is part of the artistic mainstream.
Question: Richard and Jung-Su disagree over whether
A. makers of abstract art reject literal representation
B. the fundamental requirement of art is that it represent
C. musicians may reject literal representation
D. abstract art will be seen as an aberration
E. abstract art is representational
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:392
|
|
108 |
Recently, a report commissioned by a confectioners trade association noted that chocolate, formerly considered a health scourge, is an effective antioxidant and so has health benefits. Another earlier claim was that oily foods clog arteries, leading to heart disease, yet reports now state that olive oil has a positive influence on the circulatory system. From these examples, it is clear that if you wait long enough, almost any food will be reported to be healthful.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. relies on the truth of a claim by a source that is likely to be biased
B. applies a general rule to specific cases to which it does not pertain
C. bases an overly broad generalization on just a few instances
D. takes for granted that all results of nutritional research are eventually reported
E. fails to consider that there are many foods that are reported to be unhealthful
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Recently, a report commissioned by a confectioners trade association noted that chocolate, formerly considered a health scourge, is an effective antioxidant and so has health benefits. Another earlier claim was that oily foods clog arteries, leading to heart disease, yet reports now state that olive oil has a positive influence on the circulatory system. From these examples, it is clear that if you wait long enough, almost any food will be reported to be healthful.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. relies on the truth of a claim by a source that is likely to be biased
B. applies a general rule to specific cases to which it does not pertain
C. bases an overly broad generalization on just a few instances
D. takes for granted that all results of nutritional research are eventually reported
E. fails to consider that there are many foods that are reported to be unhealthful
Answer:
|
Recently, a report commissioned by a confectioners trade association noted that chocolate, formerly considered a health scourge, is an effective antioxidant and so has health benefits. Another earlier claim was that oily foods clog arteries, leading to heart disease, yet reports now state that olive oil has a positive influence on the circulatory system. From these examples, it is clear that if you wait long enough, almost any food will be reported to be healthful.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. relies on the truth of a claim by a source that is likely to be biased
B. applies a general rule to specific cases to which it does not pertain
C. bases an overly broad generalization on just a few instances
D. takes for granted that all results of nutritional research are eventually reported
E. fails to consider that there are many foods that are reported to be unhealthful
Answer:
|
Recently, a report commissioned by a confectioners trade association noted that chocolate, formerly considered a health scourge, is an effective antioxidant and so has health benefits. Another earlier claim was that oily foods clog arteries, leading to heart disease, yet reports now state that olive oil has a positive influence on the circulatory system. From these examples, it is clear that if you wait long enough, almost any food will be reported to be healthful.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. relies on the truth of a claim by a source that is likely to be biased
B. applies a general rule to specific cases to which it does not pertain
C. bases an overly broad generalization on just a few instances
D. takes for granted that all results of nutritional research are eventually reported
E. fails to consider that there are many foods that are reported to be unhealthful
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:108
|
|
499 |
Last year, a software company held a contest to generate ideas for their new logo. According to the rules, everyone who entered the contest would receive several prizes' including a T-shirt with the company's new logo. Juan has a T-shirt with the company?s new logo, so he must have entered the contest.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. infers a causal relationship when the evidence only supports a correlation
B. takes a condition that is sufficient for a particular outcome as one that is necessary for that outcome
C. infers that every member of a group has a feature in common on the grounds that the group as a whole has that feature
D. has a premise that presupposes the truth of the conclusion
E. constructs a generalization on the basis of a single instance
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Last year, a software company held a contest to generate ideas for their new logo. According to the rules, everyone who entered the contest would receive several prizes' including a T-shirt with the company's new logo. Juan has a T-shirt with the company?s new logo, so he must have entered the contest.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. infers a causal relationship when the evidence only supports a correlation
B. takes a condition that is sufficient for a particular outcome as one that is necessary for that outcome
C. infers that every member of a group has a feature in common on the grounds that the group as a whole has that feature
D. has a premise that presupposes the truth of the conclusion
E. constructs a generalization on the basis of a single instance
Answer:
|
Last year, a software company held a contest to generate ideas for their new logo. According to the rules, everyone who entered the contest would receive several prizes' including a T-shirt with the company's new logo. Juan has a T-shirt with the company?s new logo, so he must have entered the contest.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. infers a causal relationship when the evidence only supports a correlation
B. takes a condition that is sufficient for a particular outcome as one that is necessary for that outcome
C. infers that every member of a group has a feature in common on the grounds that the group as a whole has that feature
D. has a premise that presupposes the truth of the conclusion
E. constructs a generalization on the basis of a single instance
Answer:
|
Last year, a software company held a contest to generate ideas for their new logo. According to the rules, everyone who entered the contest would receive several prizes' including a T-shirt with the company's new logo. Juan has a T-shirt with the company?s new logo, so he must have entered the contest.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. infers a causal relationship when the evidence only supports a correlation
B. takes a condition that is sufficient for a particular outcome as one that is necessary for that outcome
C. infers that every member of a group has a feature in common on the grounds that the group as a whole has that feature
D. has a premise that presupposes the truth of the conclusion
E. constructs a generalization on the basis of a single instance
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:499
|
|
492 |
Pundit: It is good to have national leaders voted out of office after a few years. The reason is that reforms are generally undertaken early in a new government. If leaders do not act quickly to solve a problem and it becomes an issue later, then they must either deny that there is a problem or deny that anything could have been done about it; otherwise, they will have to admit responsibility for the persistence of the problem.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the pund it's argument?
A. If national leaders who fail to solve problems are voted out of office after a few years, new leaders will be more motivated to solve problems.
B. National leaders who stay in power too long tend to deny responsibility for problems that they could have dealt with earlier.
C. National leaders are most likely to undertake reforms early in a new government.
D. National leaders who immediately respond to problems upon taking office should be given enough time to succeed at solving them.
E. National leaders should be removed from office every few years by the voting in of new leaders.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Pundit: It is good to have national leaders voted out of office after a few years. The reason is that reforms are generally undertaken early in a new government. If leaders do not act quickly to solve a problem and it becomes an issue later, then they must either deny that there is a problem or deny that anything could have been done about it; otherwise, they will have to admit responsibility for the persistence of the problem.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the pund it's argument?
A. If national leaders who fail to solve problems are voted out of office after a few years, new leaders will be more motivated to solve problems.
B. National leaders who stay in power too long tend to deny responsibility for problems that they could have dealt with earlier.
C. National leaders are most likely to undertake reforms early in a new government.
D. National leaders who immediately respond to problems upon taking office should be given enough time to succeed at solving them.
E. National leaders should be removed from office every few years by the voting in of new leaders.
Answer:
|
Pundit: It is good to have national leaders voted out of office after a few years. The reason is that reforms are generally undertaken early in a new government. If leaders do not act quickly to solve a problem and it becomes an issue later, then they must either deny that there is a problem or deny that anything could have been done about it; otherwise, they will have to admit responsibility for the persistence of the problem.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the pund it's argument?
A. If national leaders who fail to solve problems are voted out of office after a few years, new leaders will be more motivated to solve problems.
B. National leaders who stay in power too long tend to deny responsibility for problems that they could have dealt with earlier.
C. National leaders are most likely to undertake reforms early in a new government.
D. National leaders who immediately respond to problems upon taking office should be given enough time to succeed at solving them.
E. National leaders should be removed from office every few years by the voting in of new leaders.
Answer:
|
Pundit: It is good to have national leaders voted out of office after a few years. The reason is that reforms are generally undertaken early in a new government. If leaders do not act quickly to solve a problem and it becomes an issue later, then they must either deny that there is a problem or deny that anything could have been done about it; otherwise, they will have to admit responsibility for the persistence of the problem.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the pund it's argument?
A. If national leaders who fail to solve problems are voted out of office after a few years, new leaders will be more motivated to solve problems.
B. National leaders who stay in power too long tend to deny responsibility for problems that they could have dealt with earlier.
C. National leaders are most likely to undertake reforms early in a new government.
D. National leaders who immediately respond to problems upon taking office should be given enough time to succeed at solving them.
E. National leaders should be removed from office every few years by the voting in of new leaders.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:492
|
|
210 |
Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. rejects an argument because of its source without evaluating the argument's logical strength
B. concludes that a claim is false merely on the grounds that it has not been shown to be true
C. draws an inference on the basis of a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative
D. fails to address the possibility that many people buy herbal teas containing ginseng because they enjoy drinking the tea
E. fails to address the possibility that some ingredients other than ginseng in the herbal teas containing ginseng counteract the effects of stress
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. rejects an argument because of its source without evaluating the argument's logical strength
B. concludes that a claim is false merely on the grounds that it has not been shown to be true
C. draws an inference on the basis of a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative
D. fails to address the possibility that many people buy herbal teas containing ginseng because they enjoy drinking the tea
E. fails to address the possibility that some ingredients other than ginseng in the herbal teas containing ginseng counteract the effects of stress
Answer:
|
Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. rejects an argument because of its source without evaluating the argument's logical strength
B. concludes that a claim is false merely on the grounds that it has not been shown to be true
C. draws an inference on the basis of a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative
D. fails to address the possibility that many people buy herbal teas containing ginseng because they enjoy drinking the tea
E. fails to address the possibility that some ingredients other than ginseng in the herbal teas containing ginseng counteract the effects of stress
Answer:
|
Several companies that make herbal teas containing ginseng assert in their marketing that ginseng counteracts the effects of stress. As a result, many people buy these products hoping to improve their health. Yet no definitive scientific study links ginseng with the relief of stress. Thus, these marketing campaigns make false claims.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. rejects an argument because of its source without evaluating the argument's logical strength
B. concludes that a claim is false merely on the grounds that it has not been shown to be true
C. draws an inference on the basis of a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative
D. fails to address the possibility that many people buy herbal teas containing ginseng because they enjoy drinking the tea
E. fails to address the possibility that some ingredients other than ginseng in the herbal teas containing ginseng counteract the effects of stress
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:210
|
|
25 |
Yuriko: Our city's campaign to persuade parents to have their children vaccinated ought to be imitated by your city. In the 16 months since the enactment of legislation authorizing the campaign, vaccinations in our city have increased by 30 percent. Susan: But the major part of that increase occurred in the first 6 months after that legislation was enacted, right after your city's free neighborhood health clinics opened, and before the vaccination campaign really got going.
Question: In responding to Yuriko, Susan does which one of the following?
A. She denies Yuriko's assumption that Susan's city wants to increase the vaccination rate for children.
B. She cites facts that tend to weaken the force of the evidence with which Yuriko supports her recommendation.
C. She introduces evidence to show that the campaign Yuriko advocates is only effective for a short period to time.
D. She advances the claim that a campaign such as Yuriko recommends is not necessary because most parents already choose to have their children vaccinated.
E. She presents evidence to suggest that vaccination campaigns are usually ineffective.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Yuriko: Our city's campaign to persuade parents to have their children vaccinated ought to be imitated by your city. In the 16 months since the enactment of legislation authorizing the campaign, vaccinations in our city have increased by 30 percent. Susan: But the major part of that increase occurred in the first 6 months after that legislation was enacted, right after your city's free neighborhood health clinics opened, and before the vaccination campaign really got going.
Question: In responding to Yuriko, Susan does which one of the following?
A. She denies Yuriko's assumption that Susan's city wants to increase the vaccination rate for children.
B. She cites facts that tend to weaken the force of the evidence with which Yuriko supports her recommendation.
C. She introduces evidence to show that the campaign Yuriko advocates is only effective for a short period to time.
D. She advances the claim that a campaign such as Yuriko recommends is not necessary because most parents already choose to have their children vaccinated.
E. She presents evidence to suggest that vaccination campaigns are usually ineffective.
Answer:
|
Yuriko: Our city's campaign to persuade parents to have their children vaccinated ought to be imitated by your city. In the 16 months since the enactment of legislation authorizing the campaign, vaccinations in our city have increased by 30 percent. Susan: But the major part of that increase occurred in the first 6 months after that legislation was enacted, right after your city's free neighborhood health clinics opened, and before the vaccination campaign really got going.
Question: In responding to Yuriko, Susan does which one of the following?
A. She denies Yuriko's assumption that Susan's city wants to increase the vaccination rate for children.
B. She cites facts that tend to weaken the force of the evidence with which Yuriko supports her recommendation.
C. She introduces evidence to show that the campaign Yuriko advocates is only effective for a short period to time.
D. She advances the claim that a campaign such as Yuriko recommends is not necessary because most parents already choose to have their children vaccinated.
E. She presents evidence to suggest that vaccination campaigns are usually ineffective.
Answer:
|
Yuriko: Our city's campaign to persuade parents to have their children vaccinated ought to be imitated by your city. In the 16 months since the enactment of legislation authorizing the campaign, vaccinations in our city have increased by 30 percent. Susan: But the major part of that increase occurred in the first 6 months after that legislation was enacted, right after your city's free neighborhood health clinics opened, and before the vaccination campaign really got going.
Question: In responding to Yuriko, Susan does which one of the following?
A. She denies Yuriko's assumption that Susan's city wants to increase the vaccination rate for children.
B. She cites facts that tend to weaken the force of the evidence with which Yuriko supports her recommendation.
C. She introduces evidence to show that the campaign Yuriko advocates is only effective for a short period to time.
D. She advances the claim that a campaign such as Yuriko recommends is not necessary because most parents already choose to have their children vaccinated.
E. She presents evidence to suggest that vaccination campaigns are usually ineffective.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:25
|
|
313 |
Editorial: Our political discussions tend to focus largely on the flaws of our nation's leaders, but we need to remind ourselves that these leaders were chosen democratically. The real question that needs answering is how our nation's institutions and procedures enable such people to attain positions of power. Thus, to focus our attention on the flaws of our leaders is to indulge in a pointless distraction.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?
A. Examining an individual leader's personal flaws does not reveal anything about how the nation's institutions and procedures influence the selection of leaders.
B. Political discussions that focus on the flaws of the nation's leaders will become even more common if the nation's institutions and procedures are not examined.
C. The workings of the nation's current institutions and procedures ensure that only flawed individuals will attain positions of power.
D. As yet, no one in the nation has made the effort to critically examine the details of the nation's institutions and procedures.
E. Concentrating on the flaws of the nation's leaders creates greater dissatisfaction with those leaders.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Editorial: Our political discussions tend to focus largely on the flaws of our nation's leaders, but we need to remind ourselves that these leaders were chosen democratically. The real question that needs answering is how our nation's institutions and procedures enable such people to attain positions of power. Thus, to focus our attention on the flaws of our leaders is to indulge in a pointless distraction.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?
A. Examining an individual leader's personal flaws does not reveal anything about how the nation's institutions and procedures influence the selection of leaders.
B. Political discussions that focus on the flaws of the nation's leaders will become even more common if the nation's institutions and procedures are not examined.
C. The workings of the nation's current institutions and procedures ensure that only flawed individuals will attain positions of power.
D. As yet, no one in the nation has made the effort to critically examine the details of the nation's institutions and procedures.
E. Concentrating on the flaws of the nation's leaders creates greater dissatisfaction with those leaders.
Answer:
|
Editorial: Our political discussions tend to focus largely on the flaws of our nation's leaders, but we need to remind ourselves that these leaders were chosen democratically. The real question that needs answering is how our nation's institutions and procedures enable such people to attain positions of power. Thus, to focus our attention on the flaws of our leaders is to indulge in a pointless distraction.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?
A. Examining an individual leader's personal flaws does not reveal anything about how the nation's institutions and procedures influence the selection of leaders.
B. Political discussions that focus on the flaws of the nation's leaders will become even more common if the nation's institutions and procedures are not examined.
C. The workings of the nation's current institutions and procedures ensure that only flawed individuals will attain positions of power.
D. As yet, no one in the nation has made the effort to critically examine the details of the nation's institutions and procedures.
E. Concentrating on the flaws of the nation's leaders creates greater dissatisfaction with those leaders.
Answer:
|
Editorial: Our political discussions tend to focus largely on the flaws of our nation's leaders, but we need to remind ourselves that these leaders were chosen democratically. The real question that needs answering is how our nation's institutions and procedures enable such people to attain positions of power. Thus, to focus our attention on the flaws of our leaders is to indulge in a pointless distraction.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?
A. Examining an individual leader's personal flaws does not reveal anything about how the nation's institutions and procedures influence the selection of leaders.
B. Political discussions that focus on the flaws of the nation's leaders will become even more common if the nation's institutions and procedures are not examined.
C. The workings of the nation's current institutions and procedures ensure that only flawed individuals will attain positions of power.
D. As yet, no one in the nation has made the effort to critically examine the details of the nation's institutions and procedures.
E. Concentrating on the flaws of the nation's leaders creates greater dissatisfaction with those leaders.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:313
|
|
14 |
Seemingly inconsequential changes in sea temperature due to global warming eventually result in declines in fish and seabird populations. A rise of just two degrees prevents the vertical mixing of seawater from different strata. This restricts the availability of upwelling nutrients to phytoplankton. Since zooplankton, which feed upon phytoplankton, feed the rest of the food chain, the declines are inevitable.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?
A. It is a hypothesis supported by the fact that phytoplankton feed on upwelling nutrients.
B. It is intended to provide an example of the ways in which the vertical mixing of seawater affects feeding habits.
C. It helps show how global temperature changes affect larger sea animals indirectly.
D. It is offered as one reason that global warming must be curtailed.
E. It is offered in support of the idea that global warming poses a threat to all organisms.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Seemingly inconsequential changes in sea temperature due to global warming eventually result in declines in fish and seabird populations. A rise of just two degrees prevents the vertical mixing of seawater from different strata. This restricts the availability of upwelling nutrients to phytoplankton. Since zooplankton, which feed upon phytoplankton, feed the rest of the food chain, the declines are inevitable.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?
A. It is a hypothesis supported by the fact that phytoplankton feed on upwelling nutrients.
B. It is intended to provide an example of the ways in which the vertical mixing of seawater affects feeding habits.
C. It helps show how global temperature changes affect larger sea animals indirectly.
D. It is offered as one reason that global warming must be curtailed.
E. It is offered in support of the idea that global warming poses a threat to all organisms.
Answer:
|
Seemingly inconsequential changes in sea temperature due to global warming eventually result in declines in fish and seabird populations. A rise of just two degrees prevents the vertical mixing of seawater from different strata. This restricts the availability of upwelling nutrients to phytoplankton. Since zooplankton, which feed upon phytoplankton, feed the rest of the food chain, the declines are inevitable.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?
A. It is a hypothesis supported by the fact that phytoplankton feed on upwelling nutrients.
B. It is intended to provide an example of the ways in which the vertical mixing of seawater affects feeding habits.
C. It helps show how global temperature changes affect larger sea animals indirectly.
D. It is offered as one reason that global warming must be curtailed.
E. It is offered in support of the idea that global warming poses a threat to all organisms.
Answer:
|
Seemingly inconsequential changes in sea temperature due to global warming eventually result in declines in fish and seabird populations. A rise of just two degrees prevents the vertical mixing of seawater from different strata. This restricts the availability of upwelling nutrients to phytoplankton. Since zooplankton, which feed upon phytoplankton, feed the rest of the food chain, the declines are inevitable.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the argument by the statement that zooplankton feed upon phytoplankton?
A. It is a hypothesis supported by the fact that phytoplankton feed on upwelling nutrients.
B. It is intended to provide an example of the ways in which the vertical mixing of seawater affects feeding habits.
C. It helps show how global temperature changes affect larger sea animals indirectly.
D. It is offered as one reason that global warming must be curtailed.
E. It is offered in support of the idea that global warming poses a threat to all organisms.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:14
|
|
283 |
Physician: Stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations have given rise to the question of whether vaccination is safe. But even if these stories are true, they need not be cause for concern. With millions of people being vaccinated every year, it is to be expected that some will develop health problems purely by coincidence shortly after receiving vaccinations.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the physician's argument?
A. For the most part, stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations involve vaccines that were recently introduced.
B. Some of the illnesses that vaccines are designed to prevent have become so rare that even if people are not vaccinated, they are unlikely to contract those illnesses.
C. People are no more likely, on average, to develop serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations than shortly before receiving vaccinations.
D. The health problems that some people have developed shortly after receiving vaccinations have been more serious than the health problems that the vaccines were intended to prevent.
E. In a few cases in which people developed serious health problems shortly after taking other medications, these problems were initially attributed to coincidence but were later determined to be due to the medications.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Physician: Stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations have given rise to the question of whether vaccination is safe. But even if these stories are true, they need not be cause for concern. With millions of people being vaccinated every year, it is to be expected that some will develop health problems purely by coincidence shortly after receiving vaccinations.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the physician's argument?
A. For the most part, stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations involve vaccines that were recently introduced.
B. Some of the illnesses that vaccines are designed to prevent have become so rare that even if people are not vaccinated, they are unlikely to contract those illnesses.
C. People are no more likely, on average, to develop serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations than shortly before receiving vaccinations.
D. The health problems that some people have developed shortly after receiving vaccinations have been more serious than the health problems that the vaccines were intended to prevent.
E. In a few cases in which people developed serious health problems shortly after taking other medications, these problems were initially attributed to coincidence but were later determined to be due to the medications.
Answer:
|
Physician: Stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations have given rise to the question of whether vaccination is safe. But even if these stories are true, they need not be cause for concern. With millions of people being vaccinated every year, it is to be expected that some will develop health problems purely by coincidence shortly after receiving vaccinations.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the physician's argument?
A. For the most part, stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations involve vaccines that were recently introduced.
B. Some of the illnesses that vaccines are designed to prevent have become so rare that even if people are not vaccinated, they are unlikely to contract those illnesses.
C. People are no more likely, on average, to develop serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations than shortly before receiving vaccinations.
D. The health problems that some people have developed shortly after receiving vaccinations have been more serious than the health problems that the vaccines were intended to prevent.
E. In a few cases in which people developed serious health problems shortly after taking other medications, these problems were initially attributed to coincidence but were later determined to be due to the medications.
Answer:
|
Physician: Stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations have given rise to the question of whether vaccination is safe. But even if these stories are true, they need not be cause for concern. With millions of people being vaccinated every year, it is to be expected that some will develop health problems purely by coincidence shortly after receiving vaccinations.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the physician's argument?
A. For the most part, stories of people developing serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations involve vaccines that were recently introduced.
B. Some of the illnesses that vaccines are designed to prevent have become so rare that even if people are not vaccinated, they are unlikely to contract those illnesses.
C. People are no more likely, on average, to develop serious health problems shortly after receiving vaccinations than shortly before receiving vaccinations.
D. The health problems that some people have developed shortly after receiving vaccinations have been more serious than the health problems that the vaccines were intended to prevent.
E. In a few cases in which people developed serious health problems shortly after taking other medications, these problems were initially attributed to coincidence but were later determined to be due to the medications.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:283
|
|
261 |
Critic: The recent biography of Shakespeare does not explain what is of most interest about him. It is by an expert on the history of Elizabethan England, and so does a good job of showing what life would have been like for Shakespeare as a man of that time. But it does not explain what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.
Question: The conclusion of the argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?
A. There is no way to know what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.
B. The life of the average man in Elizabethan England is uninteresting.
C. Shakespeare was very different from the other men of his time.
D. A biography should always focus on what makes its subject distinctive.
E. What is most interesting about Shakespeare is what made him different from his contemporaries.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Critic: The recent biography of Shakespeare does not explain what is of most interest about him. It is by an expert on the history of Elizabethan England, and so does a good job of showing what life would have been like for Shakespeare as a man of that time. But it does not explain what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.
Question: The conclusion of the argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?
A. There is no way to know what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.
B. The life of the average man in Elizabethan England is uninteresting.
C. Shakespeare was very different from the other men of his time.
D. A biography should always focus on what makes its subject distinctive.
E. What is most interesting about Shakespeare is what made him different from his contemporaries.
Answer:
|
Critic: The recent biography of Shakespeare does not explain what is of most interest about him. It is by an expert on the history of Elizabethan England, and so does a good job of showing what life would have been like for Shakespeare as a man of that time. But it does not explain what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.
Question: The conclusion of the argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?
A. There is no way to know what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.
B. The life of the average man in Elizabethan England is uninteresting.
C. Shakespeare was very different from the other men of his time.
D. A biography should always focus on what makes its subject distinctive.
E. What is most interesting about Shakespeare is what made him different from his contemporaries.
Answer:
|
Critic: The recent biography of Shakespeare does not explain what is of most interest about him. It is by an expert on the history of Elizabethan England, and so does a good job of showing what life would have been like for Shakespeare as a man of that time. But it does not explain what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.
Question: The conclusion of the argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?
A. There is no way to know what made Shakespeare different from his contemporaries.
B. The life of the average man in Elizabethan England is uninteresting.
C. Shakespeare was very different from the other men of his time.
D. A biography should always focus on what makes its subject distinctive.
E. What is most interesting about Shakespeare is what made him different from his contemporaries.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:261
|
|
34 |
Every moral theory developed in the Western tradition purports to tell us what a good life is. However, most people would judge someone who perfectly embodied the ideals of any one of these theories not to be living a good life—the kind of life they would want for themselves and their children.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?
A. Most people desire a life for themselves and their children that is better than a merely good life.
B. A person who fits the ideals of one moral theory in the Western tradition would not necessarily fit the ideals of another.
C. Most people have a conception of a good life that does not match that of any moral theory in the Western tradition.
D. A good life as described by moral theories in the Western tradition cannot be realized.
E. It is impossible to develop a theory that accurately describes what a good life is.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Every moral theory developed in the Western tradition purports to tell us what a good life is. However, most people would judge someone who perfectly embodied the ideals of any one of these theories not to be living a good life—the kind of life they would want for themselves and their children.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?
A. Most people desire a life for themselves and their children that is better than a merely good life.
B. A person who fits the ideals of one moral theory in the Western tradition would not necessarily fit the ideals of another.
C. Most people have a conception of a good life that does not match that of any moral theory in the Western tradition.
D. A good life as described by moral theories in the Western tradition cannot be realized.
E. It is impossible to develop a theory that accurately describes what a good life is.
Answer:
|
Every moral theory developed in the Western tradition purports to tell us what a good life is. However, most people would judge someone who perfectly embodied the ideals of any one of these theories not to be living a good life—the kind of life they would want for themselves and their children.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?
A. Most people desire a life for themselves and their children that is better than a merely good life.
B. A person who fits the ideals of one moral theory in the Western tradition would not necessarily fit the ideals of another.
C. Most people have a conception of a good life that does not match that of any moral theory in the Western tradition.
D. A good life as described by moral theories in the Western tradition cannot be realized.
E. It is impossible to develop a theory that accurately describes what a good life is.
Answer:
|
Every moral theory developed in the Western tradition purports to tell us what a good life is. However, most people would judge someone who perfectly embodied the ideals of any one of these theories not to be living a good life—the kind of life they would want for themselves and their children.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?
A. Most people desire a life for themselves and their children that is better than a merely good life.
B. A person who fits the ideals of one moral theory in the Western tradition would not necessarily fit the ideals of another.
C. Most people have a conception of a good life that does not match that of any moral theory in the Western tradition.
D. A good life as described by moral theories in the Western tradition cannot be realized.
E. It is impossible to develop a theory that accurately describes what a good life is.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:34
|
|
398 |
Economist: If the economy grows stronger, employment will increase, and hence more parents will need to find day care for their young children. Unfortunately, in a stronger economy many day-care workers will quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields. Therefore, a stronger economy is likely to make it much more difficult to find day care.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption the economist's argument requires?
A. If the economy grows stronger, most of the new jobs that are created will be in fields that pay well.
B. If the economy grows stronger, the number of new day-care workers will not be significantly greater than the number of day-care workers who move to better-paying jobs in other fields.
C. If the economy grows stronger, the number of workers employed by day-care centers is likely to decrease.
D. The shortage of day care for children is unlikely to worsen unless employment increases and many day-care center employees quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields.
E. The total number of young children in day-care centers will decrease if the cost of day care increases significantly.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Economist: If the economy grows stronger, employment will increase, and hence more parents will need to find day care for their young children. Unfortunately, in a stronger economy many day-care workers will quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields. Therefore, a stronger economy is likely to make it much more difficult to find day care.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption the economist's argument requires?
A. If the economy grows stronger, most of the new jobs that are created will be in fields that pay well.
B. If the economy grows stronger, the number of new day-care workers will not be significantly greater than the number of day-care workers who move to better-paying jobs in other fields.
C. If the economy grows stronger, the number of workers employed by day-care centers is likely to decrease.
D. The shortage of day care for children is unlikely to worsen unless employment increases and many day-care center employees quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields.
E. The total number of young children in day-care centers will decrease if the cost of day care increases significantly.
Answer:
|
Economist: If the economy grows stronger, employment will increase, and hence more parents will need to find day care for their young children. Unfortunately, in a stronger economy many day-care workers will quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields. Therefore, a stronger economy is likely to make it much more difficult to find day care.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption the economist's argument requires?
A. If the economy grows stronger, most of the new jobs that are created will be in fields that pay well.
B. If the economy grows stronger, the number of new day-care workers will not be significantly greater than the number of day-care workers who move to better-paying jobs in other fields.
C. If the economy grows stronger, the number of workers employed by day-care centers is likely to decrease.
D. The shortage of day care for children is unlikely to worsen unless employment increases and many day-care center employees quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields.
E. The total number of young children in day-care centers will decrease if the cost of day care increases significantly.
Answer:
|
Economist: If the economy grows stronger, employment will increase, and hence more parents will need to find day care for their young children. Unfortunately, in a stronger economy many day-care workers will quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields. Therefore, a stronger economy is likely to make it much more difficult to find day care.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption the economist's argument requires?
A. If the economy grows stronger, most of the new jobs that are created will be in fields that pay well.
B. If the economy grows stronger, the number of new day-care workers will not be significantly greater than the number of day-care workers who move to better-paying jobs in other fields.
C. If the economy grows stronger, the number of workers employed by day-care centers is likely to decrease.
D. The shortage of day care for children is unlikely to worsen unless employment increases and many day-care center employees quit to take better-paying jobs in other fields.
E. The total number of young children in day-care centers will decrease if the cost of day care increases significantly.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:398
|
|
461 |
Whether or not one can rightfully call a person's faithfulness a virtue depends in part on the object of that personas faithfulness. Virtues are by definition praiseworthy, which is why no one considers resentment virtuous, even though it is in fact a kind of faithfulness-faithfulness to hatreds or animosities.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. The object of a person's faithfulness partially determines whether or not that faithfulness is virtuous.
B. Virtuous behavior is praiseworthy by definition.
C. Behavior that emerges from hatred or animosity cannot be called virtuous.
D. Faithfulness and resentment are obviously different, despite some similarities.
E. Resentment should not be considered a virtuous emotion.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Whether or not one can rightfully call a person's faithfulness a virtue depends in part on the object of that personas faithfulness. Virtues are by definition praiseworthy, which is why no one considers resentment virtuous, even though it is in fact a kind of faithfulness-faithfulness to hatreds or animosities.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. The object of a person's faithfulness partially determines whether or not that faithfulness is virtuous.
B. Virtuous behavior is praiseworthy by definition.
C. Behavior that emerges from hatred or animosity cannot be called virtuous.
D. Faithfulness and resentment are obviously different, despite some similarities.
E. Resentment should not be considered a virtuous emotion.
Answer:
|
Whether or not one can rightfully call a person's faithfulness a virtue depends in part on the object of that personas faithfulness. Virtues are by definition praiseworthy, which is why no one considers resentment virtuous, even though it is in fact a kind of faithfulness-faithfulness to hatreds or animosities.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. The object of a person's faithfulness partially determines whether or not that faithfulness is virtuous.
B. Virtuous behavior is praiseworthy by definition.
C. Behavior that emerges from hatred or animosity cannot be called virtuous.
D. Faithfulness and resentment are obviously different, despite some similarities.
E. Resentment should not be considered a virtuous emotion.
Answer:
|
Whether or not one can rightfully call a person's faithfulness a virtue depends in part on the object of that personas faithfulness. Virtues are by definition praiseworthy, which is why no one considers resentment virtuous, even though it is in fact a kind of faithfulness-faithfulness to hatreds or animosities.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. The object of a person's faithfulness partially determines whether or not that faithfulness is virtuous.
B. Virtuous behavior is praiseworthy by definition.
C. Behavior that emerges from hatred or animosity cannot be called virtuous.
D. Faithfulness and resentment are obviously different, despite some similarities.
E. Resentment should not be considered a virtuous emotion.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:461
|
|
99 |
Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements, including required use of seat belts and annual safety inspections, have on average higher rates of accidents per kilometer driven than do provinces and states with less stringent requirements. Nevertheless, most highway safety experts agree that more stringent requirements do reduce accident rates.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the safety experts' belief with the apparently contrary evidence described above?
A. Annual safety inspections ensure that car tires are replaced before they grow old.
B. Drivers often become overconfident after their cars have passed a thorough safety inspection.
C. The roads in provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements are far more congested and therefore dangerous than in other provinces and states.
D. Psychological studies show that drivers who regularly wear seat belts often come to think of themselves as serious drivers, which for a few people discourages reckless driving.
E. Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements have, on average, many more kilometers of roads than do other provinces and states.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements, including required use of seat belts and annual safety inspections, have on average higher rates of accidents per kilometer driven than do provinces and states with less stringent requirements. Nevertheless, most highway safety experts agree that more stringent requirements do reduce accident rates.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the safety experts' belief with the apparently contrary evidence described above?
A. Annual safety inspections ensure that car tires are replaced before they grow old.
B. Drivers often become overconfident after their cars have passed a thorough safety inspection.
C. The roads in provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements are far more congested and therefore dangerous than in other provinces and states.
D. Psychological studies show that drivers who regularly wear seat belts often come to think of themselves as serious drivers, which for a few people discourages reckless driving.
E. Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements have, on average, many more kilometers of roads than do other provinces and states.
Answer:
|
Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements, including required use of seat belts and annual safety inspections, have on average higher rates of accidents per kilometer driven than do provinces and states with less stringent requirements. Nevertheless, most highway safety experts agree that more stringent requirements do reduce accident rates.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the safety experts' belief with the apparently contrary evidence described above?
A. Annual safety inspections ensure that car tires are replaced before they grow old.
B. Drivers often become overconfident after their cars have passed a thorough safety inspection.
C. The roads in provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements are far more congested and therefore dangerous than in other provinces and states.
D. Psychological studies show that drivers who regularly wear seat belts often come to think of themselves as serious drivers, which for a few people discourages reckless driving.
E. Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements have, on average, many more kilometers of roads than do other provinces and states.
Answer:
|
Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements, including required use of seat belts and annual safety inspections, have on average higher rates of accidents per kilometer driven than do provinces and states with less stringent requirements. Nevertheless, most highway safety experts agree that more stringent requirements do reduce accident rates.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to reconcile the safety experts' belief with the apparently contrary evidence described above?
A. Annual safety inspections ensure that car tires are replaced before they grow old.
B. Drivers often become overconfident after their cars have passed a thorough safety inspection.
C. The roads in provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements are far more congested and therefore dangerous than in other provinces and states.
D. Psychological studies show that drivers who regularly wear seat belts often come to think of themselves as serious drivers, which for a few people discourages reckless driving.
E. Provinces and states with stringent car safety requirements have, on average, many more kilometers of roads than do other provinces and states.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:99
|
|
394 |
Researcher: Research has shown that inhaling the scent of lavender has measurable physiological effects tending to reduce stress. It is known that intense stress can impair the immune system, making one more susceptible to illness. Therefore, it is likely that the incidence of illness among those who regularly inhale the scent of lavender is reduced by this practice.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the researcher's argument requires?
A. Many, if not all, of the scents that have a tendency to reduce susceptibility to illness do so, at least in part, by reducing stress.
B. Some people who regularly inhale the scent of lavender would otherwise be under enough stress to impair their immune systems.
C. At least some people who use the scent of lavender to induce relaxation and reduce stress are no more susceptible to illness than average.
D. In anyone for whom the scent of lavender reduces susceptibility to illness, it does so primarily by reducing stress.
E. Reduced stress diminishes susceptibility to illness only for people who are under enough stress to impair their immune systems to at least some degree.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Researcher: Research has shown that inhaling the scent of lavender has measurable physiological effects tending to reduce stress. It is known that intense stress can impair the immune system, making one more susceptible to illness. Therefore, it is likely that the incidence of illness among those who regularly inhale the scent of lavender is reduced by this practice.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the researcher's argument requires?
A. Many, if not all, of the scents that have a tendency to reduce susceptibility to illness do so, at least in part, by reducing stress.
B. Some people who regularly inhale the scent of lavender would otherwise be under enough stress to impair their immune systems.
C. At least some people who use the scent of lavender to induce relaxation and reduce stress are no more susceptible to illness than average.
D. In anyone for whom the scent of lavender reduces susceptibility to illness, it does so primarily by reducing stress.
E. Reduced stress diminishes susceptibility to illness only for people who are under enough stress to impair their immune systems to at least some degree.
Answer:
|
Researcher: Research has shown that inhaling the scent of lavender has measurable physiological effects tending to reduce stress. It is known that intense stress can impair the immune system, making one more susceptible to illness. Therefore, it is likely that the incidence of illness among those who regularly inhale the scent of lavender is reduced by this practice.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the researcher's argument requires?
A. Many, if not all, of the scents that have a tendency to reduce susceptibility to illness do so, at least in part, by reducing stress.
B. Some people who regularly inhale the scent of lavender would otherwise be under enough stress to impair their immune systems.
C. At least some people who use the scent of lavender to induce relaxation and reduce stress are no more susceptible to illness than average.
D. In anyone for whom the scent of lavender reduces susceptibility to illness, it does so primarily by reducing stress.
E. Reduced stress diminishes susceptibility to illness only for people who are under enough stress to impair their immune systems to at least some degree.
Answer:
|
Researcher: Research has shown that inhaling the scent of lavender has measurable physiological effects tending to reduce stress. It is known that intense stress can impair the immune system, making one more susceptible to illness. Therefore, it is likely that the incidence of illness among those who regularly inhale the scent of lavender is reduced by this practice.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the researcher's argument requires?
A. Many, if not all, of the scents that have a tendency to reduce susceptibility to illness do so, at least in part, by reducing stress.
B. Some people who regularly inhale the scent of lavender would otherwise be under enough stress to impair their immune systems.
C. At least some people who use the scent of lavender to induce relaxation and reduce stress are no more susceptible to illness than average.
D. In anyone for whom the scent of lavender reduces susceptibility to illness, it does so primarily by reducing stress.
E. Reduced stress diminishes susceptibility to illness only for people who are under enough stress to impair their immune systems to at least some degree.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:394
|
|
96 |
Scientist: Isaac Newton's Principia, the seventeenth-century work that served as the cornerstone of physics for over two centuries, could at first be understood by only a handful of people, but a basic understanding of Newton's ideas eventually spread throughout the world. This shows that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable. Thus recent scientific research, most of which also can be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers, may also become part of everyone's intellectual heritage.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the scientist's argument by the claim that recent scientific research can often be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers?
A. It is raised as a potential objection to the argument's main conclusion, but its truth is called into doubt by the preceding statements.
B. It is a premise that supports the argument's main conclusion by suggesting that the results of recent scientific research are only superficially different from claims made in Newton's Principia.
C. It is cited as further evidence for the conclusion that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable.
D. It is a claim that serves mainly to help establish the relevance of the preceding statements to the argument's final conclusion.
E. It serves to cast doubt on an alleged similarity between Newton's Principia and recent scientific research.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Scientist: Isaac Newton's Principia, the seventeenth-century work that served as the cornerstone of physics for over two centuries, could at first be understood by only a handful of people, but a basic understanding of Newton's ideas eventually spread throughout the world. This shows that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable. Thus recent scientific research, most of which also can be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers, may also become part of everyone's intellectual heritage.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the scientist's argument by the claim that recent scientific research can often be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers?
A. It is raised as a potential objection to the argument's main conclusion, but its truth is called into doubt by the preceding statements.
B. It is a premise that supports the argument's main conclusion by suggesting that the results of recent scientific research are only superficially different from claims made in Newton's Principia.
C. It is cited as further evidence for the conclusion that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable.
D. It is a claim that serves mainly to help establish the relevance of the preceding statements to the argument's final conclusion.
E. It serves to cast doubt on an alleged similarity between Newton's Principia and recent scientific research.
Answer:
|
Scientist: Isaac Newton's Principia, the seventeenth-century work that served as the cornerstone of physics for over two centuries, could at first be understood by only a handful of people, but a basic understanding of Newton's ideas eventually spread throughout the world. This shows that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable. Thus recent scientific research, most of which also can be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers, may also become part of everyone's intellectual heritage.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the scientist's argument by the claim that recent scientific research can often be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers?
A. It is raised as a potential objection to the argument's main conclusion, but its truth is called into doubt by the preceding statements.
B. It is a premise that supports the argument's main conclusion by suggesting that the results of recent scientific research are only superficially different from claims made in Newton's Principia.
C. It is cited as further evidence for the conclusion that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable.
D. It is a claim that serves mainly to help establish the relevance of the preceding statements to the argument's final conclusion.
E. It serves to cast doubt on an alleged similarity between Newton's Principia and recent scientific research.
Answer:
|
Scientist: Isaac Newton's Principia, the seventeenth-century work that served as the cornerstone of physics for over two centuries, could at first be understood by only a handful of people, but a basic understanding of Newton's ideas eventually spread throughout the world. This shows that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable. Thus recent scientific research, most of which also can be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers, may also become part of everyone's intellectual heritage.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the scientist's argument by the claim that recent scientific research can often be described only in language that seems esoteric to most contemporary readers?
A. It is raised as a potential objection to the argument's main conclusion, but its truth is called into doubt by the preceding statements.
B. It is a premise that supports the argument's main conclusion by suggesting that the results of recent scientific research are only superficially different from claims made in Newton's Principia.
C. It is cited as further evidence for the conclusion that the barriers to communication between scientists and the public are not impermeable.
D. It is a claim that serves mainly to help establish the relevance of the preceding statements to the argument's final conclusion.
E. It serves to cast doubt on an alleged similarity between Newton's Principia and recent scientific research.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:96
|
|
13 |
City council member: Despite the city's desperate need to exploit any available source of revenue, the mayor has repeatedly blocked council members' attempts to pass legislation imposing real estate development fees. It is clear that in doing so the mayor is sacrificing the city's interests to personal interests. The mayor cites figures to show that, in the current market, fees of the size proposed would significantly reduce the number of building starts and thus, on balance, result in a revenue loss to the city. But the important point is that the mayor's family is heavily involved in real estate development and thus has a strong financial interest in the matter.
Question: The reasoning in the city council member's argument is flawed because
A. the issue of the mayor's personal interest in the proposed legislation is irrelevant to any assessment of the mayor's action with respect to that legislation
B. the mayor's course of action being personally advantageous is not inconsistent with the mayor's action being advantageous for the city
C. the council member's own absence of personal interest in the proposed legislation has not been established
D. that a person or a municipality has a need for something does not, in itself, establish that that person or that municipality has a right to that thing
E. the possibility remains open that the mayor's need to avoid loss of family revenue is as desperate as the city's need to increase municipal revenue
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
City council member: Despite the city's desperate need to exploit any available source of revenue, the mayor has repeatedly blocked council members' attempts to pass legislation imposing real estate development fees. It is clear that in doing so the mayor is sacrificing the city's interests to personal interests. The mayor cites figures to show that, in the current market, fees of the size proposed would significantly reduce the number of building starts and thus, on balance, result in a revenue loss to the city. But the important point is that the mayor's family is heavily involved in real estate development and thus has a strong financial interest in the matter.
Question: The reasoning in the city council member's argument is flawed because
A. the issue of the mayor's personal interest in the proposed legislation is irrelevant to any assessment of the mayor's action with respect to that legislation
B. the mayor's course of action being personally advantageous is not inconsistent with the mayor's action being advantageous for the city
C. the council member's own absence of personal interest in the proposed legislation has not been established
D. that a person or a municipality has a need for something does not, in itself, establish that that person or that municipality has a right to that thing
E. the possibility remains open that the mayor's need to avoid loss of family revenue is as desperate as the city's need to increase municipal revenue
Answer:
|
City council member: Despite the city's desperate need to exploit any available source of revenue, the mayor has repeatedly blocked council members' attempts to pass legislation imposing real estate development fees. It is clear that in doing so the mayor is sacrificing the city's interests to personal interests. The mayor cites figures to show that, in the current market, fees of the size proposed would significantly reduce the number of building starts and thus, on balance, result in a revenue loss to the city. But the important point is that the mayor's family is heavily involved in real estate development and thus has a strong financial interest in the matter.
Question: The reasoning in the city council member's argument is flawed because
A. the issue of the mayor's personal interest in the proposed legislation is irrelevant to any assessment of the mayor's action with respect to that legislation
B. the mayor's course of action being personally advantageous is not inconsistent with the mayor's action being advantageous for the city
C. the council member's own absence of personal interest in the proposed legislation has not been established
D. that a person or a municipality has a need for something does not, in itself, establish that that person or that municipality has a right to that thing
E. the possibility remains open that the mayor's need to avoid loss of family revenue is as desperate as the city's need to increase municipal revenue
Answer:
|
City council member: Despite the city's desperate need to exploit any available source of revenue, the mayor has repeatedly blocked council members' attempts to pass legislation imposing real estate development fees. It is clear that in doing so the mayor is sacrificing the city's interests to personal interests. The mayor cites figures to show that, in the current market, fees of the size proposed would significantly reduce the number of building starts and thus, on balance, result in a revenue loss to the city. But the important point is that the mayor's family is heavily involved in real estate development and thus has a strong financial interest in the matter.
Question: The reasoning in the city council member's argument is flawed because
A. the issue of the mayor's personal interest in the proposed legislation is irrelevant to any assessment of the mayor's action with respect to that legislation
B. the mayor's course of action being personally advantageous is not inconsistent with the mayor's action being advantageous for the city
C. the council member's own absence of personal interest in the proposed legislation has not been established
D. that a person or a municipality has a need for something does not, in itself, establish that that person or that municipality has a right to that thing
E. the possibility remains open that the mayor's need to avoid loss of family revenue is as desperate as the city's need to increase municipal revenue
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:13
|
|
362 |
Lawyer: In addition to any other penalties, convicted criminals must now pay a "victim surcharge" of S30. The surcharge is used to fund services for victims of violent crimes, but this penalty is unfair to nonviolent criminals since the surcharge applies to all crimes, even nonviolent ones like petty theft.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justify the reasoning in the lawyer's argument?
A. The penalties for a crime should be severe enough to deter most people who would commit the crime if there were no penalties.
B. The overall penalty for a violent crime should be more severe than the overall penalty for any nonviolent crime.
C. A surcharge intended to provide services to victims is justified only if all proceeds of the surcharge are used to provide services.
D. A criminal should not be required to pay for services provided to victims of crimes that are more serious than the type of crime the criminal has been convicted of.
E. Convicted thieves should be fined an amount at least as great as the value of the property stolen.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Lawyer: In addition to any other penalties, convicted criminals must now pay a "victim surcharge" of S30. The surcharge is used to fund services for victims of violent crimes, but this penalty is unfair to nonviolent criminals since the surcharge applies to all crimes, even nonviolent ones like petty theft.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justify the reasoning in the lawyer's argument?
A. The penalties for a crime should be severe enough to deter most people who would commit the crime if there were no penalties.
B. The overall penalty for a violent crime should be more severe than the overall penalty for any nonviolent crime.
C. A surcharge intended to provide services to victims is justified only if all proceeds of the surcharge are used to provide services.
D. A criminal should not be required to pay for services provided to victims of crimes that are more serious than the type of crime the criminal has been convicted of.
E. Convicted thieves should be fined an amount at least as great as the value of the property stolen.
Answer:
|
Lawyer: In addition to any other penalties, convicted criminals must now pay a "victim surcharge" of S30. The surcharge is used to fund services for victims of violent crimes, but this penalty is unfair to nonviolent criminals since the surcharge applies to all crimes, even nonviolent ones like petty theft.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justify the reasoning in the lawyer's argument?
A. The penalties for a crime should be severe enough to deter most people who would commit the crime if there were no penalties.
B. The overall penalty for a violent crime should be more severe than the overall penalty for any nonviolent crime.
C. A surcharge intended to provide services to victims is justified only if all proceeds of the surcharge are used to provide services.
D. A criminal should not be required to pay for services provided to victims of crimes that are more serious than the type of crime the criminal has been convicted of.
E. Convicted thieves should be fined an amount at least as great as the value of the property stolen.
Answer:
|
Lawyer: In addition to any other penalties, convicted criminals must now pay a "victim surcharge" of S30. The surcharge is used to fund services for victims of violent crimes, but this penalty is unfair to nonviolent criminals since the surcharge applies to all crimes, even nonviolent ones like petty theft.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justify the reasoning in the lawyer's argument?
A. The penalties for a crime should be severe enough to deter most people who would commit the crime if there were no penalties.
B. The overall penalty for a violent crime should be more severe than the overall penalty for any nonviolent crime.
C. A surcharge intended to provide services to victims is justified only if all proceeds of the surcharge are used to provide services.
D. A criminal should not be required to pay for services provided to victims of crimes that are more serious than the type of crime the criminal has been convicted of.
E. Convicted thieves should be fined an amount at least as great as the value of the property stolen.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:362
|
|
116 |
The French novelist Colette (1873–1954) has been widely praised for the vividness of her language. But many critics complain that her novels are indifferent to important moral questions. This charge is unfair. Each of her novels is a poetic condensation of a major emotional crisis in the life of an ordinary person of her time. Such emotional crises almost invariably raise important moral questions.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Critics who suggest that Colette's novels are indifferent to great moral questions of her time greatly underestimate her literary achievements.
B. A novel that poetically condenses a major emotional crisis does not have to be indifferent to the important moral questions raised by that crisis.
C. To deserve the level of praise that Colette has received, a novelist's work must concern itself with important moral questions.
D. The vividness of Colette's language was not itself the result of poetic condensation.
E. Colette's purpose in poetically condensing emotional crises in the lives of characters in her novels was to explore some of the important moral questions of her time.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
The French novelist Colette (1873–1954) has been widely praised for the vividness of her language. But many critics complain that her novels are indifferent to important moral questions. This charge is unfair. Each of her novels is a poetic condensation of a major emotional crisis in the life of an ordinary person of her time. Such emotional crises almost invariably raise important moral questions.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Critics who suggest that Colette's novels are indifferent to great moral questions of her time greatly underestimate her literary achievements.
B. A novel that poetically condenses a major emotional crisis does not have to be indifferent to the important moral questions raised by that crisis.
C. To deserve the level of praise that Colette has received, a novelist's work must concern itself with important moral questions.
D. The vividness of Colette's language was not itself the result of poetic condensation.
E. Colette's purpose in poetically condensing emotional crises in the lives of characters in her novels was to explore some of the important moral questions of her time.
Answer:
|
The French novelist Colette (1873–1954) has been widely praised for the vividness of her language. But many critics complain that her novels are indifferent to important moral questions. This charge is unfair. Each of her novels is a poetic condensation of a major emotional crisis in the life of an ordinary person of her time. Such emotional crises almost invariably raise important moral questions.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Critics who suggest that Colette's novels are indifferent to great moral questions of her time greatly underestimate her literary achievements.
B. A novel that poetically condenses a major emotional crisis does not have to be indifferent to the important moral questions raised by that crisis.
C. To deserve the level of praise that Colette has received, a novelist's work must concern itself with important moral questions.
D. The vividness of Colette's language was not itself the result of poetic condensation.
E. Colette's purpose in poetically condensing emotional crises in the lives of characters in her novels was to explore some of the important moral questions of her time.
Answer:
|
The French novelist Colette (1873–1954) has been widely praised for the vividness of her language. But many critics complain that her novels are indifferent to important moral questions. This charge is unfair. Each of her novels is a poetic condensation of a major emotional crisis in the life of an ordinary person of her time. Such emotional crises almost invariably raise important moral questions.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Critics who suggest that Colette's novels are indifferent to great moral questions of her time greatly underestimate her literary achievements.
B. A novel that poetically condenses a major emotional crisis does not have to be indifferent to the important moral questions raised by that crisis.
C. To deserve the level of praise that Colette has received, a novelist's work must concern itself with important moral questions.
D. The vividness of Colette's language was not itself the result of poetic condensation.
E. Colette's purpose in poetically condensing emotional crises in the lives of characters in her novels was to explore some of the important moral questions of her time.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:116
|
|
402 |
The public square was an important tool of democracy in days past because it provided a forum for disparate citizens to discuss the important issues of the day. Today, a person with Internet access can discuss important issues with millions of people across the nation, allowing the Internet to play the role once played by the public square. Hence, we should ensure that Internet users have at least as much freedom of expression as did people speaking in the public square.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
A. People speaking in the public square of days past had complete freedom of expression.
B. All citizens have the same level of access to the Internet.
C. A public forum can lose effectiveness as a tool of democracy if participants cannot discuss issues freely.
D. The Internet is more often used to discuss important issues than to discuss frivolous issues.
E. Other than the Internet, no other public forum today is an important tool of democracy.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
The public square was an important tool of democracy in days past because it provided a forum for disparate citizens to discuss the important issues of the day. Today, a person with Internet access can discuss important issues with millions of people across the nation, allowing the Internet to play the role once played by the public square. Hence, we should ensure that Internet users have at least as much freedom of expression as did people speaking in the public square.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
A. People speaking in the public square of days past had complete freedom of expression.
B. All citizens have the same level of access to the Internet.
C. A public forum can lose effectiveness as a tool of democracy if participants cannot discuss issues freely.
D. The Internet is more often used to discuss important issues than to discuss frivolous issues.
E. Other than the Internet, no other public forum today is an important tool of democracy.
Answer:
|
The public square was an important tool of democracy in days past because it provided a forum for disparate citizens to discuss the important issues of the day. Today, a person with Internet access can discuss important issues with millions of people across the nation, allowing the Internet to play the role once played by the public square. Hence, we should ensure that Internet users have at least as much freedom of expression as did people speaking in the public square.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
A. People speaking in the public square of days past had complete freedom of expression.
B. All citizens have the same level of access to the Internet.
C. A public forum can lose effectiveness as a tool of democracy if participants cannot discuss issues freely.
D. The Internet is more often used to discuss important issues than to discuss frivolous issues.
E. Other than the Internet, no other public forum today is an important tool of democracy.
Answer:
|
The public square was an important tool of democracy in days past because it provided a forum for disparate citizens to discuss the important issues of the day. Today, a person with Internet access can discuss important issues with millions of people across the nation, allowing the Internet to play the role once played by the public square. Hence, we should ensure that Internet users have at least as much freedom of expression as did people speaking in the public square.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
A. People speaking in the public square of days past had complete freedom of expression.
B. All citizens have the same level of access to the Internet.
C. A public forum can lose effectiveness as a tool of democracy if participants cannot discuss issues freely.
D. The Internet is more often used to discuss important issues than to discuss frivolous issues.
E. Other than the Internet, no other public forum today is an important tool of democracy.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:402
|
|
400 |
For several centuries there have been hairless dogs in western Mexico and in coastal Peru. It is very unlikely that a trait as rare as hairlessness emerged on two separate occasions. Since the dogs have never existed in the wild, and the vast mountainous jungle separating these two regions would have made overland travel between them extremely difficult centuries ago, the dogs must have been transported from one of these regions to the other by boat, probably during trading expeditions.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?
A. Hairless dogs have never been found anywhere except in the regions of western Mexico and coastal Peru.
B. Most of the trade goods that came into western Mexico centuries ago were transported by boat.
C. Centuries ago, no one would have traveled between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat except for the purposes of carrying out a trading expedition.
D. If hairless dogs were at one time transported between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat, they were traded in exchange for other goods.
E. Centuries ago, it was easier to travel by boat between western Mexico and coastal Peru than to travel by an overland route.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
For several centuries there have been hairless dogs in western Mexico and in coastal Peru. It is very unlikely that a trait as rare as hairlessness emerged on two separate occasions. Since the dogs have never existed in the wild, and the vast mountainous jungle separating these two regions would have made overland travel between them extremely difficult centuries ago, the dogs must have been transported from one of these regions to the other by boat, probably during trading expeditions.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?
A. Hairless dogs have never been found anywhere except in the regions of western Mexico and coastal Peru.
B. Most of the trade goods that came into western Mexico centuries ago were transported by boat.
C. Centuries ago, no one would have traveled between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat except for the purposes of carrying out a trading expedition.
D. If hairless dogs were at one time transported between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat, they were traded in exchange for other goods.
E. Centuries ago, it was easier to travel by boat between western Mexico and coastal Peru than to travel by an overland route.
Answer:
|
For several centuries there have been hairless dogs in western Mexico and in coastal Peru. It is very unlikely that a trait as rare as hairlessness emerged on two separate occasions. Since the dogs have never existed in the wild, and the vast mountainous jungle separating these two regions would have made overland travel between them extremely difficult centuries ago, the dogs must have been transported from one of these regions to the other by boat, probably during trading expeditions.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?
A. Hairless dogs have never been found anywhere except in the regions of western Mexico and coastal Peru.
B. Most of the trade goods that came into western Mexico centuries ago were transported by boat.
C. Centuries ago, no one would have traveled between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat except for the purposes of carrying out a trading expedition.
D. If hairless dogs were at one time transported between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat, they were traded in exchange for other goods.
E. Centuries ago, it was easier to travel by boat between western Mexico and coastal Peru than to travel by an overland route.
Answer:
|
For several centuries there have been hairless dogs in western Mexico and in coastal Peru. It is very unlikely that a trait as rare as hairlessness emerged on two separate occasions. Since the dogs have never existed in the wild, and the vast mountainous jungle separating these two regions would have made overland travel between them extremely difficult centuries ago, the dogs must have been transported from one of these regions to the other by boat, probably during trading expeditions.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires?
A. Hairless dogs have never been found anywhere except in the regions of western Mexico and coastal Peru.
B. Most of the trade goods that came into western Mexico centuries ago were transported by boat.
C. Centuries ago, no one would have traveled between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat except for the purposes of carrying out a trading expedition.
D. If hairless dogs were at one time transported between western Mexico and coastal Peru by boat, they were traded in exchange for other goods.
E. Centuries ago, it was easier to travel by boat between western Mexico and coastal Peru than to travel by an overland route.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:400
|
|
327 |
A study of 20,000 20- to 64-year-olds found that people's satisfaction with their incomes is not strongly correlated with the amount they make. People tend to live in neighborhoods of people from their same economic class, and the study shows that people's satisfaction with their incomes depends largely on how favorably their incomes compare with those of their neighbors.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following hypotheses?
A. People with high incomes are consistently more satisfied with their incomes than are people in the middle class.
B. Older people are generally more satisfied with their incomes than are younger people.
C. Satisfaction with income is strongly correlated with neighborhood.
D. In general, people's income levels have little effect on their level of satisfaction with life as a whole.
E. An increase in everyone's incomes is not likely to greatly increase people's levels of satisfaction with their own incomes.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
A study of 20,000 20- to 64-year-olds found that people's satisfaction with their incomes is not strongly correlated with the amount they make. People tend to live in neighborhoods of people from their same economic class, and the study shows that people's satisfaction with their incomes depends largely on how favorably their incomes compare with those of their neighbors.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following hypotheses?
A. People with high incomes are consistently more satisfied with their incomes than are people in the middle class.
B. Older people are generally more satisfied with their incomes than are younger people.
C. Satisfaction with income is strongly correlated with neighborhood.
D. In general, people's income levels have little effect on their level of satisfaction with life as a whole.
E. An increase in everyone's incomes is not likely to greatly increase people's levels of satisfaction with their own incomes.
Answer:
|
A study of 20,000 20- to 64-year-olds found that people's satisfaction with their incomes is not strongly correlated with the amount they make. People tend to live in neighborhoods of people from their same economic class, and the study shows that people's satisfaction with their incomes depends largely on how favorably their incomes compare with those of their neighbors.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following hypotheses?
A. People with high incomes are consistently more satisfied with their incomes than are people in the middle class.
B. Older people are generally more satisfied with their incomes than are younger people.
C. Satisfaction with income is strongly correlated with neighborhood.
D. In general, people's income levels have little effect on their level of satisfaction with life as a whole.
E. An increase in everyone's incomes is not likely to greatly increase people's levels of satisfaction with their own incomes.
Answer:
|
A study of 20,000 20- to 64-year-olds found that people's satisfaction with their incomes is not strongly correlated with the amount they make. People tend to live in neighborhoods of people from their same economic class, and the study shows that people's satisfaction with their incomes depends largely on how favorably their incomes compare with those of their neighbors.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following hypotheses?
A. People with high incomes are consistently more satisfied with their incomes than are people in the middle class.
B. Older people are generally more satisfied with their incomes than are younger people.
C. Satisfaction with income is strongly correlated with neighborhood.
D. In general, people's income levels have little effect on their level of satisfaction with life as a whole.
E. An increase in everyone's incomes is not likely to greatly increase people's levels of satisfaction with their own incomes.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:327
|
|
203 |
Anthropologist: many people think that if human language evolved, then something like it must be present in those species most closely related to humans, such as chimpanzees. They reason that since new traits evolve gradually, something like human language, albeit cruder, must exist in some species from which humans evolved. This general line of argument may be reasonable, but it simply does not follow that chimpanzees have anything like human language, because humans did not evolve from chimpanzees. While chimpanzees are indeed closely related to humans, this is because both evolved from a common ancestor. The evolution of human language might easily have begun after the extinction of that common ancestor.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the anthropologist's argument?
A. Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees, but rather from some extinct species.
B. The assumption that something like human language must exist in some species from which humans evolved has no clearcut linguistic implications for chimpanzees.
C. The communicative systems of chimpanzees are cruder than human language.
D. Human language is a by-product of human intelligence, which chimpanzees lack.
E. The evolution of human language began after the disappearance of an extinct species from which both humans aod chimpanzees evolved.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Anthropologist: many people think that if human language evolved, then something like it must be present in those species most closely related to humans, such as chimpanzees. They reason that since new traits evolve gradually, something like human language, albeit cruder, must exist in some species from which humans evolved. This general line of argument may be reasonable, but it simply does not follow that chimpanzees have anything like human language, because humans did not evolve from chimpanzees. While chimpanzees are indeed closely related to humans, this is because both evolved from a common ancestor. The evolution of human language might easily have begun after the extinction of that common ancestor.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the anthropologist's argument?
A. Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees, but rather from some extinct species.
B. The assumption that something like human language must exist in some species from which humans evolved has no clearcut linguistic implications for chimpanzees.
C. The communicative systems of chimpanzees are cruder than human language.
D. Human language is a by-product of human intelligence, which chimpanzees lack.
E. The evolution of human language began after the disappearance of an extinct species from which both humans aod chimpanzees evolved.
Answer:
|
Anthropologist: many people think that if human language evolved, then something like it must be present in those species most closely related to humans, such as chimpanzees. They reason that since new traits evolve gradually, something like human language, albeit cruder, must exist in some species from which humans evolved. This general line of argument may be reasonable, but it simply does not follow that chimpanzees have anything like human language, because humans did not evolve from chimpanzees. While chimpanzees are indeed closely related to humans, this is because both evolved from a common ancestor. The evolution of human language might easily have begun after the extinction of that common ancestor.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the anthropologist's argument?
A. Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees, but rather from some extinct species.
B. The assumption that something like human language must exist in some species from which humans evolved has no clearcut linguistic implications for chimpanzees.
C. The communicative systems of chimpanzees are cruder than human language.
D. Human language is a by-product of human intelligence, which chimpanzees lack.
E. The evolution of human language began after the disappearance of an extinct species from which both humans aod chimpanzees evolved.
Answer:
|
Anthropologist: many people think that if human language evolved, then something like it must be present in those species most closely related to humans, such as chimpanzees. They reason that since new traits evolve gradually, something like human language, albeit cruder, must exist in some species from which humans evolved. This general line of argument may be reasonable, but it simply does not follow that chimpanzees have anything like human language, because humans did not evolve from chimpanzees. While chimpanzees are indeed closely related to humans, this is because both evolved from a common ancestor. The evolution of human language might easily have begun after the extinction of that common ancestor.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the anthropologist's argument?
A. Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees, but rather from some extinct species.
B. The assumption that something like human language must exist in some species from which humans evolved has no clearcut linguistic implications for chimpanzees.
C. The communicative systems of chimpanzees are cruder than human language.
D. Human language is a by-product of human intelligence, which chimpanzees lack.
E. The evolution of human language began after the disappearance of an extinct species from which both humans aod chimpanzees evolved.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:203
|
|
235 |
Medical columnist: Some doctors recommend taking vitamin C to help maintain overall health because vitamin C is an antioxidant, a substance that protects the body from certain types of oxygen particles that can trigger disease. People suffering from various ailments are encouraged to take vitamin C to guard against developing other health problems. However, doctors are now discouraging some cancer patients from taking vitamin C, even when they are undergoing therapies with side effects that are detrimental to their overall health.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the doctors' recommendation to some cancer patients differs from the general recommendation regarding vitamin C?
A. Some kinds of cancer cells absorb large amounts of vitamin C, which interferes with the oxidation mechanism by which many cancer therapies kill cancer cells.
B. Vitamin C has not been shown to reduce people's risk of developing cancer, even at the very high dosage levels recommended by some doctors.
C. Cancer cells that are susceptible to certain types of cancer therapies are not likely to be affected by the presence of vitamin C.
D. The better the overall health of cancer patients while undergoing therapy, the more likely they are to experience a full recovery.
E. Certain side effects of cancer therapies that are detrimental to patients' overall health are not affected by vitamin C.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Medical columnist: Some doctors recommend taking vitamin C to help maintain overall health because vitamin C is an antioxidant, a substance that protects the body from certain types of oxygen particles that can trigger disease. People suffering from various ailments are encouraged to take vitamin C to guard against developing other health problems. However, doctors are now discouraging some cancer patients from taking vitamin C, even when they are undergoing therapies with side effects that are detrimental to their overall health.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the doctors' recommendation to some cancer patients differs from the general recommendation regarding vitamin C?
A. Some kinds of cancer cells absorb large amounts of vitamin C, which interferes with the oxidation mechanism by which many cancer therapies kill cancer cells.
B. Vitamin C has not been shown to reduce people's risk of developing cancer, even at the very high dosage levels recommended by some doctors.
C. Cancer cells that are susceptible to certain types of cancer therapies are not likely to be affected by the presence of vitamin C.
D. The better the overall health of cancer patients while undergoing therapy, the more likely they are to experience a full recovery.
E. Certain side effects of cancer therapies that are detrimental to patients' overall health are not affected by vitamin C.
Answer:
|
Medical columnist: Some doctors recommend taking vitamin C to help maintain overall health because vitamin C is an antioxidant, a substance that protects the body from certain types of oxygen particles that can trigger disease. People suffering from various ailments are encouraged to take vitamin C to guard against developing other health problems. However, doctors are now discouraging some cancer patients from taking vitamin C, even when they are undergoing therapies with side effects that are detrimental to their overall health.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the doctors' recommendation to some cancer patients differs from the general recommendation regarding vitamin C?
A. Some kinds of cancer cells absorb large amounts of vitamin C, which interferes with the oxidation mechanism by which many cancer therapies kill cancer cells.
B. Vitamin C has not been shown to reduce people's risk of developing cancer, even at the very high dosage levels recommended by some doctors.
C. Cancer cells that are susceptible to certain types of cancer therapies are not likely to be affected by the presence of vitamin C.
D. The better the overall health of cancer patients while undergoing therapy, the more likely they are to experience a full recovery.
E. Certain side effects of cancer therapies that are detrimental to patients' overall health are not affected by vitamin C.
Answer:
|
Medical columnist: Some doctors recommend taking vitamin C to help maintain overall health because vitamin C is an antioxidant, a substance that protects the body from certain types of oxygen particles that can trigger disease. People suffering from various ailments are encouraged to take vitamin C to guard against developing other health problems. However, doctors are now discouraging some cancer patients from taking vitamin C, even when they are undergoing therapies with side effects that are detrimental to their overall health.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the doctors' recommendation to some cancer patients differs from the general recommendation regarding vitamin C?
A. Some kinds of cancer cells absorb large amounts of vitamin C, which interferes with the oxidation mechanism by which many cancer therapies kill cancer cells.
B. Vitamin C has not been shown to reduce people's risk of developing cancer, even at the very high dosage levels recommended by some doctors.
C. Cancer cells that are susceptible to certain types of cancer therapies are not likely to be affected by the presence of vitamin C.
D. The better the overall health of cancer patients while undergoing therapy, the more likely they are to experience a full recovery.
E. Certain side effects of cancer therapies that are detrimental to patients' overall health are not affected by vitamin C.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:235
|
|
181 |
Company spokesperson: Household Products magazine claims that our Filterator X water filter does not remove chemical contaminants in significant amounts. This attack on the quality of our product is undermined by the experience of the millions of Filterator X owners who are satisfied with the product's performance.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the company spokesperson's argument?
A. Household Products did not evaluate whether the Filterator X water filter significantly improved the taste of drinking water.
B. Most Filterator X owners have no way to determine how effectively the product removes chemical contaminants from water.
C. People whose household water contsins chemical contsminants are more likely than other people to buy a Filterator X water filter.
D. Very few people who own a Filterator X read Household Products on a consistent basis.
E. Household Products' evaluations of Filterator X water ::tilters have been consistently negative
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Company spokesperson: Household Products magazine claims that our Filterator X water filter does not remove chemical contaminants in significant amounts. This attack on the quality of our product is undermined by the experience of the millions of Filterator X owners who are satisfied with the product's performance.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the company spokesperson's argument?
A. Household Products did not evaluate whether the Filterator X water filter significantly improved the taste of drinking water.
B. Most Filterator X owners have no way to determine how effectively the product removes chemical contaminants from water.
C. People whose household water contsins chemical contsminants are more likely than other people to buy a Filterator X water filter.
D. Very few people who own a Filterator X read Household Products on a consistent basis.
E. Household Products' evaluations of Filterator X water ::tilters have been consistently negative
Answer:
|
Company spokesperson: Household Products magazine claims that our Filterator X water filter does not remove chemical contaminants in significant amounts. This attack on the quality of our product is undermined by the experience of the millions of Filterator X owners who are satisfied with the product's performance.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the company spokesperson's argument?
A. Household Products did not evaluate whether the Filterator X water filter significantly improved the taste of drinking water.
B. Most Filterator X owners have no way to determine how effectively the product removes chemical contaminants from water.
C. People whose household water contsins chemical contsminants are more likely than other people to buy a Filterator X water filter.
D. Very few people who own a Filterator X read Household Products on a consistent basis.
E. Household Products' evaluations of Filterator X water ::tilters have been consistently negative
Answer:
|
Company spokesperson: Household Products magazine claims that our Filterator X water filter does not remove chemical contaminants in significant amounts. This attack on the quality of our product is undermined by the experience of the millions of Filterator X owners who are satisfied with the product's performance.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the company spokesperson's argument?
A. Household Products did not evaluate whether the Filterator X water filter significantly improved the taste of drinking water.
B. Most Filterator X owners have no way to determine how effectively the product removes chemical contaminants from water.
C. People whose household water contsins chemical contsminants are more likely than other people to buy a Filterator X water filter.
D. Very few people who own a Filterator X read Household Products on a consistent basis.
E. Household Products' evaluations of Filterator X water ::tilters have been consistently negative
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:181
|
|
266 |
In a study of tropical forests it was found that while the species of trees that is most common in a particular forest also reproduces the most, trees of the species that is rarest there tend to survive longer. This pattern holds regardless of which species of trees is the most common and which is the rarest.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why trees of the rarest species tend to survive longer than trees of the most common species?
A. The species of trees that is most common in a forest thrives there because it is best suited to the local climate.
B. Older trees tend to reproduce the least.
C. The study tracked preexisting tree species but did not introduce any new species to the tropical forests.
D. The survival of the trees of the rarer species enables tropical forests to recover more easily from moderate destruction.
E. The trees of the common species have more competition for the resources they need than do the trees of the rare species.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
In a study of tropical forests it was found that while the species of trees that is most common in a particular forest also reproduces the most, trees of the species that is rarest there tend to survive longer. This pattern holds regardless of which species of trees is the most common and which is the rarest.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why trees of the rarest species tend to survive longer than trees of the most common species?
A. The species of trees that is most common in a forest thrives there because it is best suited to the local climate.
B. Older trees tend to reproduce the least.
C. The study tracked preexisting tree species but did not introduce any new species to the tropical forests.
D. The survival of the trees of the rarer species enables tropical forests to recover more easily from moderate destruction.
E. The trees of the common species have more competition for the resources they need than do the trees of the rare species.
Answer:
|
In a study of tropical forests it was found that while the species of trees that is most common in a particular forest also reproduces the most, trees of the species that is rarest there tend to survive longer. This pattern holds regardless of which species of trees is the most common and which is the rarest.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why trees of the rarest species tend to survive longer than trees of the most common species?
A. The species of trees that is most common in a forest thrives there because it is best suited to the local climate.
B. Older trees tend to reproduce the least.
C. The study tracked preexisting tree species but did not introduce any new species to the tropical forests.
D. The survival of the trees of the rarer species enables tropical forests to recover more easily from moderate destruction.
E. The trees of the common species have more competition for the resources they need than do the trees of the rare species.
Answer:
|
In a study of tropical forests it was found that while the species of trees that is most common in a particular forest also reproduces the most, trees of the species that is rarest there tend to survive longer. This pattern holds regardless of which species of trees is the most common and which is the rarest.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why trees of the rarest species tend to survive longer than trees of the most common species?
A. The species of trees that is most common in a forest thrives there because it is best suited to the local climate.
B. Older trees tend to reproduce the least.
C. The study tracked preexisting tree species but did not introduce any new species to the tropical forests.
D. The survival of the trees of the rarer species enables tropical forests to recover more easily from moderate destruction.
E. The trees of the common species have more competition for the resources they need than do the trees of the rare species.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:266
|
|
15 |
Retailers that excel in neither convenience nor variety of merchandise tend not to be very successful. Yet many successful retailers excel in just one of the areas and meet competitors' standards for the other. Hence, a retailer's success need not depend on excellence in both areas.
Question: The structure of the reasoning in the argument above is most parallel to that in which one of the following?
A. Runners who have only average speed and endurance are unlikely to win long-distance races. Some long-distance champions, however, win by being above average in speed or endurance only; therefore, being above average in both speed and endurance is not necessary.
B. Bicyclists who have only average speed are unlikely to win short races, but in a long-distance race such bicyclists can win if they have better-built bicycles than average and better endurance than average. Therefore, most bicycle races are not won by bicyclists with above-average speed.
C. Excellence in a particular swimming stroke is not always necessary in order for a swimmer to win a race that requires each swimmer to use several different strokes in sequence, and many swimmers win these races without being the best at any of the strokes. Therefore, anyone who does excel at all the strokes is almost certain to win.
D. Apples that are neither especially firm nor especially flavorful are unsuitable for baking; yet while flavor is essential for both baking and eating, many flavorful apples that are soft are suitable for eating. Hence, the apples that are best for eating need not be both firm and flavorful.
E. Most plants that are neither ornamental nor edible are useless and are thus classified as weeds; yet many such plants are useful for purposes other than food or ornamentation, and are thus not classified as weeds. Hence, not all inedible and non-ornamental plants are weeds.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Retailers that excel in neither convenience nor variety of merchandise tend not to be very successful. Yet many successful retailers excel in just one of the areas and meet competitors' standards for the other. Hence, a retailer's success need not depend on excellence in both areas.
Question: The structure of the reasoning in the argument above is most parallel to that in which one of the following?
A. Runners who have only average speed and endurance are unlikely to win long-distance races. Some long-distance champions, however, win by being above average in speed or endurance only; therefore, being above average in both speed and endurance is not necessary.
B. Bicyclists who have only average speed are unlikely to win short races, but in a long-distance race such bicyclists can win if they have better-built bicycles than average and better endurance than average. Therefore, most bicycle races are not won by bicyclists with above-average speed.
C. Excellence in a particular swimming stroke is not always necessary in order for a swimmer to win a race that requires each swimmer to use several different strokes in sequence, and many swimmers win these races without being the best at any of the strokes. Therefore, anyone who does excel at all the strokes is almost certain to win.
D. Apples that are neither especially firm nor especially flavorful are unsuitable for baking; yet while flavor is essential for both baking and eating, many flavorful apples that are soft are suitable for eating. Hence, the apples that are best for eating need not be both firm and flavorful.
E. Most plants that are neither ornamental nor edible are useless and are thus classified as weeds; yet many such plants are useful for purposes other than food or ornamentation, and are thus not classified as weeds. Hence, not all inedible and non-ornamental plants are weeds.
Answer:
|
Retailers that excel in neither convenience nor variety of merchandise tend not to be very successful. Yet many successful retailers excel in just one of the areas and meet competitors' standards for the other. Hence, a retailer's success need not depend on excellence in both areas.
Question: The structure of the reasoning in the argument above is most parallel to that in which one of the following?
A. Runners who have only average speed and endurance are unlikely to win long-distance races. Some long-distance champions, however, win by being above average in speed or endurance only; therefore, being above average in both speed and endurance is not necessary.
B. Bicyclists who have only average speed are unlikely to win short races, but in a long-distance race such bicyclists can win if they have better-built bicycles than average and better endurance than average. Therefore, most bicycle races are not won by bicyclists with above-average speed.
C. Excellence in a particular swimming stroke is not always necessary in order for a swimmer to win a race that requires each swimmer to use several different strokes in sequence, and many swimmers win these races without being the best at any of the strokes. Therefore, anyone who does excel at all the strokes is almost certain to win.
D. Apples that are neither especially firm nor especially flavorful are unsuitable for baking; yet while flavor is essential for both baking and eating, many flavorful apples that are soft are suitable for eating. Hence, the apples that are best for eating need not be both firm and flavorful.
E. Most plants that are neither ornamental nor edible are useless and are thus classified as weeds; yet many such plants are useful for purposes other than food or ornamentation, and are thus not classified as weeds. Hence, not all inedible and non-ornamental plants are weeds.
Answer:
|
Retailers that excel in neither convenience nor variety of merchandise tend not to be very successful. Yet many successful retailers excel in just one of the areas and meet competitors' standards for the other. Hence, a retailer's success need not depend on excellence in both areas.
Question: The structure of the reasoning in the argument above is most parallel to that in which one of the following?
A. Runners who have only average speed and endurance are unlikely to win long-distance races. Some long-distance champions, however, win by being above average in speed or endurance only; therefore, being above average in both speed and endurance is not necessary.
B. Bicyclists who have only average speed are unlikely to win short races, but in a long-distance race such bicyclists can win if they have better-built bicycles than average and better endurance than average. Therefore, most bicycle races are not won by bicyclists with above-average speed.
C. Excellence in a particular swimming stroke is not always necessary in order for a swimmer to win a race that requires each swimmer to use several different strokes in sequence, and many swimmers win these races without being the best at any of the strokes. Therefore, anyone who does excel at all the strokes is almost certain to win.
D. Apples that are neither especially firm nor especially flavorful are unsuitable for baking; yet while flavor is essential for both baking and eating, many flavorful apples that are soft are suitable for eating. Hence, the apples that are best for eating need not be both firm and flavorful.
E. Most plants that are neither ornamental nor edible are useless and are thus classified as weeds; yet many such plants are useful for purposes other than food or ornamentation, and are thus not classified as weeds. Hence, not all inedible and non-ornamental plants are weeds.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:15
|
|
304 |
At one time, many astronomers assumed that Earth remains motionless while the stars revolve around it. They concluded from this that the stars were not more than a few million miles from Earth. They reasoned that if the stars were farther away, they would have to move at tremendously great speeds in order to circle Earth during the day and reappear in roughly the same positions each night.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the reasoning described above?
A. If the stars do not revolve around Earth, it is possible for at least some stars to be more than a few million miles from Earth.
B. All stars move at exactly the same speed when they are revolving around Earth.
C. Earth does not remain motionless while the stars revolve around it.
D. Stars do not move at tremendously great speeds.
E. A star that is more than a million miles from Earth could reappear in roughly the same position each night.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
At one time, many astronomers assumed that Earth remains motionless while the stars revolve around it. They concluded from this that the stars were not more than a few million miles from Earth. They reasoned that if the stars were farther away, they would have to move at tremendously great speeds in order to circle Earth during the day and reappear in roughly the same positions each night.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the reasoning described above?
A. If the stars do not revolve around Earth, it is possible for at least some stars to be more than a few million miles from Earth.
B. All stars move at exactly the same speed when they are revolving around Earth.
C. Earth does not remain motionless while the stars revolve around it.
D. Stars do not move at tremendously great speeds.
E. A star that is more than a million miles from Earth could reappear in roughly the same position each night.
Answer:
|
At one time, many astronomers assumed that Earth remains motionless while the stars revolve around it. They concluded from this that the stars were not more than a few million miles from Earth. They reasoned that if the stars were farther away, they would have to move at tremendously great speeds in order to circle Earth during the day and reappear in roughly the same positions each night.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the reasoning described above?
A. If the stars do not revolve around Earth, it is possible for at least some stars to be more than a few million miles from Earth.
B. All stars move at exactly the same speed when they are revolving around Earth.
C. Earth does not remain motionless while the stars revolve around it.
D. Stars do not move at tremendously great speeds.
E. A star that is more than a million miles from Earth could reappear in roughly the same position each night.
Answer:
|
At one time, many astronomers assumed that Earth remains motionless while the stars revolve around it. They concluded from this that the stars were not more than a few million miles from Earth. They reasoned that if the stars were farther away, they would have to move at tremendously great speeds in order to circle Earth during the day and reappear in roughly the same positions each night.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the reasoning described above?
A. If the stars do not revolve around Earth, it is possible for at least some stars to be more than a few million miles from Earth.
B. All stars move at exactly the same speed when they are revolving around Earth.
C. Earth does not remain motionless while the stars revolve around it.
D. Stars do not move at tremendously great speeds.
E. A star that is more than a million miles from Earth could reappear in roughly the same position each night.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:304
|
|
56 |
Packaging is vital to a product's commercial success. For example, the maker of a popular drink introduced a "new, improved" version which succeeded in blind taste tests. However, customers did not buy the product when marketed, mainly because the can, almost identical to that used for the earlier version of the beverage, made consumers expect that the new product would share certain features of the old, an expectation not satisfied by the new product.
Question: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?
A. Proper product packaging is more important than the quality of the product.
B. Products generally succeed in the market if they are packaged in a manner that accurately reflects their nature.
C. Changing the packaging of a product will not improve the product's sales unless the product is also changed.
D. To succeed in the market, a new product should not be packaged in a way that creates expectations that it does not meet.
E. An improved version of an existing product will sell better than the earlier version unless the improved version is packaged like the earlier one.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Packaging is vital to a product's commercial success. For example, the maker of a popular drink introduced a "new, improved" version which succeeded in blind taste tests. However, customers did not buy the product when marketed, mainly because the can, almost identical to that used for the earlier version of the beverage, made consumers expect that the new product would share certain features of the old, an expectation not satisfied by the new product.
Question: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?
A. Proper product packaging is more important than the quality of the product.
B. Products generally succeed in the market if they are packaged in a manner that accurately reflects their nature.
C. Changing the packaging of a product will not improve the product's sales unless the product is also changed.
D. To succeed in the market, a new product should not be packaged in a way that creates expectations that it does not meet.
E. An improved version of an existing product will sell better than the earlier version unless the improved version is packaged like the earlier one.
Answer:
|
Packaging is vital to a product's commercial success. For example, the maker of a popular drink introduced a "new, improved" version which succeeded in blind taste tests. However, customers did not buy the product when marketed, mainly because the can, almost identical to that used for the earlier version of the beverage, made consumers expect that the new product would share certain features of the old, an expectation not satisfied by the new product.
Question: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?
A. Proper product packaging is more important than the quality of the product.
B. Products generally succeed in the market if they are packaged in a manner that accurately reflects their nature.
C. Changing the packaging of a product will not improve the product's sales unless the product is also changed.
D. To succeed in the market, a new product should not be packaged in a way that creates expectations that it does not meet.
E. An improved version of an existing product will sell better than the earlier version unless the improved version is packaged like the earlier one.
Answer:
|
Packaging is vital to a product's commercial success. For example, the maker of a popular drink introduced a "new, improved" version which succeeded in blind taste tests. However, customers did not buy the product when marketed, mainly because the can, almost identical to that used for the earlier version of the beverage, made consumers expect that the new product would share certain features of the old, an expectation not satisfied by the new product.
Question: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?
A. Proper product packaging is more important than the quality of the product.
B. Products generally succeed in the market if they are packaged in a manner that accurately reflects their nature.
C. Changing the packaging of a product will not improve the product's sales unless the product is also changed.
D. To succeed in the market, a new product should not be packaged in a way that creates expectations that it does not meet.
E. An improved version of an existing product will sell better than the earlier version unless the improved version is packaged like the earlier one.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:56
|
|
279 |
In most industrial waste products that contain the toxic chemical XTX, the concentration of this chemical is approximately 1,000 parts per million. A federal law intended to reduce the harm that can result from the introduction of XTX into the environment permits a company to dispose of these waste products in a dump for hazardous waste, but only if the concentration of XTX is below 500 parts per million. Waste products with concentrations above that level must be destroyed by incineration. The law further specifies that manufacturers may not dilute XTX-containing waste products to bring their concentration of XTX down to a permissible level for dumping.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly for the inclusion of the antidilution provision of the law?
A. If improperly incinerated, waste products containing undiluted concentrations of XTX can release into the environment a gaseous form of the chemical that is more than twice as toxic as XTX is in its usual liquid state.
B. If present in the environment in sufficient quantities, the diluted XTX is as harmful as the more concentrated XTX.
C. When XTX is exposed to sunlight and oxygen, it eventually breaks down into a number of components that individually and collectively carry no risk of environmental harm.
D. Most owners of dumps for hazardous waste are willing to accept XTX for disposal in their facilities only in concentrations below 800 parts per million.
E. To manufacturers, the cost of diluting and disposing of waste products containing XTX is approximately the same as the cost of destroying these products by incineration.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
In most industrial waste products that contain the toxic chemical XTX, the concentration of this chemical is approximately 1,000 parts per million. A federal law intended to reduce the harm that can result from the introduction of XTX into the environment permits a company to dispose of these waste products in a dump for hazardous waste, but only if the concentration of XTX is below 500 parts per million. Waste products with concentrations above that level must be destroyed by incineration. The law further specifies that manufacturers may not dilute XTX-containing waste products to bring their concentration of XTX down to a permissible level for dumping.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly for the inclusion of the antidilution provision of the law?
A. If improperly incinerated, waste products containing undiluted concentrations of XTX can release into the environment a gaseous form of the chemical that is more than twice as toxic as XTX is in its usual liquid state.
B. If present in the environment in sufficient quantities, the diluted XTX is as harmful as the more concentrated XTX.
C. When XTX is exposed to sunlight and oxygen, it eventually breaks down into a number of components that individually and collectively carry no risk of environmental harm.
D. Most owners of dumps for hazardous waste are willing to accept XTX for disposal in their facilities only in concentrations below 800 parts per million.
E. To manufacturers, the cost of diluting and disposing of waste products containing XTX is approximately the same as the cost of destroying these products by incineration.
Answer:
|
In most industrial waste products that contain the toxic chemical XTX, the concentration of this chemical is approximately 1,000 parts per million. A federal law intended to reduce the harm that can result from the introduction of XTX into the environment permits a company to dispose of these waste products in a dump for hazardous waste, but only if the concentration of XTX is below 500 parts per million. Waste products with concentrations above that level must be destroyed by incineration. The law further specifies that manufacturers may not dilute XTX-containing waste products to bring their concentration of XTX down to a permissible level for dumping.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly for the inclusion of the antidilution provision of the law?
A. If improperly incinerated, waste products containing undiluted concentrations of XTX can release into the environment a gaseous form of the chemical that is more than twice as toxic as XTX is in its usual liquid state.
B. If present in the environment in sufficient quantities, the diluted XTX is as harmful as the more concentrated XTX.
C. When XTX is exposed to sunlight and oxygen, it eventually breaks down into a number of components that individually and collectively carry no risk of environmental harm.
D. Most owners of dumps for hazardous waste are willing to accept XTX for disposal in their facilities only in concentrations below 800 parts per million.
E. To manufacturers, the cost of diluting and disposing of waste products containing XTX is approximately the same as the cost of destroying these products by incineration.
Answer:
|
In most industrial waste products that contain the toxic chemical XTX, the concentration of this chemical is approximately 1,000 parts per million. A federal law intended to reduce the harm that can result from the introduction of XTX into the environment permits a company to dispose of these waste products in a dump for hazardous waste, but only if the concentration of XTX is below 500 parts per million. Waste products with concentrations above that level must be destroyed by incineration. The law further specifies that manufacturers may not dilute XTX-containing waste products to bring their concentration of XTX down to a permissible level for dumping.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly for the inclusion of the antidilution provision of the law?
A. If improperly incinerated, waste products containing undiluted concentrations of XTX can release into the environment a gaseous form of the chemical that is more than twice as toxic as XTX is in its usual liquid state.
B. If present in the environment in sufficient quantities, the diluted XTX is as harmful as the more concentrated XTX.
C. When XTX is exposed to sunlight and oxygen, it eventually breaks down into a number of components that individually and collectively carry no risk of environmental harm.
D. Most owners of dumps for hazardous waste are willing to accept XTX for disposal in their facilities only in concentrations below 800 parts per million.
E. To manufacturers, the cost of diluting and disposing of waste products containing XTX is approximately the same as the cost of destroying these products by incineration.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:279
|
|
101 |
Essayist: Common sense, which is always progressing, is nothing but a collection of theories that have been tested over time and found useful. When alternative theories that prove even more useful are developed, they gradually take the place of theories already embodied in common sense. This causes common sense to progress, but, because it absorbs new theories slowly, it always contains some obsolete theories.
Question: If all of the essayist's statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?
A. At least some new theories that have not yet been found to be more useful than any theory currently part of common sense will never be absorbed into the body of common sense.
B. Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.
C. The frequency with which new theories are generated prevents their rapid absorption into the body of common sense.
D. Each theory within the body of common sense is eventually replaced with a new theory that is more useful.
E. At least some theories that have been tested over time and found useful are less useful than some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Essayist: Common sense, which is always progressing, is nothing but a collection of theories that have been tested over time and found useful. When alternative theories that prove even more useful are developed, they gradually take the place of theories already embodied in common sense. This causes common sense to progress, but, because it absorbs new theories slowly, it always contains some obsolete theories.
Question: If all of the essayist's statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?
A. At least some new theories that have not yet been found to be more useful than any theory currently part of common sense will never be absorbed into the body of common sense.
B. Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.
C. The frequency with which new theories are generated prevents their rapid absorption into the body of common sense.
D. Each theory within the body of common sense is eventually replaced with a new theory that is more useful.
E. At least some theories that have been tested over time and found useful are less useful than some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense.
Answer:
|
Essayist: Common sense, which is always progressing, is nothing but a collection of theories that have been tested over time and found useful. When alternative theories that prove even more useful are developed, they gradually take the place of theories already embodied in common sense. This causes common sense to progress, but, because it absorbs new theories slowly, it always contains some obsolete theories.
Question: If all of the essayist's statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?
A. At least some new theories that have not yet been found to be more useful than any theory currently part of common sense will never be absorbed into the body of common sense.
B. Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.
C. The frequency with which new theories are generated prevents their rapid absorption into the body of common sense.
D. Each theory within the body of common sense is eventually replaced with a new theory that is more useful.
E. At least some theories that have been tested over time and found useful are less useful than some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense.
Answer:
|
Essayist: Common sense, which is always progressing, is nothing but a collection of theories that have been tested over time and found useful. When alternative theories that prove even more useful are developed, they gradually take the place of theories already embodied in common sense. This causes common sense to progress, but, because it absorbs new theories slowly, it always contains some obsolete theories.
Question: If all of the essayist's statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?
A. At least some new theories that have not yet been found to be more useful than any theory currently part of common sense will never be absorbed into the body of common sense.
B. Of the useful theories within the body of common sense, the older ones are generally less useful than the newer ones.
C. The frequency with which new theories are generated prevents their rapid absorption into the body of common sense.
D. Each theory within the body of common sense is eventually replaced with a new theory that is more useful.
E. At least some theories that have been tested over time and found useful are less useful than some other theories that have not been fully absorbed into the body of common sense.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:101
|
|
106 |
Kennel club members who frequently discipline their dogs report a higher incidence of misbehavior than do members who rarely or never discipline their dogs. We can conclude from this that discipline does not improve dogs' behavior; on the contrary, it encourages misbehavior.
Question: The argument is flawed in that it fails to consider the possibility that
A. dogs' misbehavior is the cause of, rather than the result of, frequent discipline
B. dogs learn from past experience how their owners are likely to react to misbehavior
C. discipline does not cause misbehavior on the part of animals other than dogs
D. kennel club members tend to be more skilled at raising dogs than are other dog owners
E. kennel club members are more likely to use discipline than are other dog owners
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Kennel club members who frequently discipline their dogs report a higher incidence of misbehavior than do members who rarely or never discipline their dogs. We can conclude from this that discipline does not improve dogs' behavior; on the contrary, it encourages misbehavior.
Question: The argument is flawed in that it fails to consider the possibility that
A. dogs' misbehavior is the cause of, rather than the result of, frequent discipline
B. dogs learn from past experience how their owners are likely to react to misbehavior
C. discipline does not cause misbehavior on the part of animals other than dogs
D. kennel club members tend to be more skilled at raising dogs than are other dog owners
E. kennel club members are more likely to use discipline than are other dog owners
Answer:
|
Kennel club members who frequently discipline their dogs report a higher incidence of misbehavior than do members who rarely or never discipline their dogs. We can conclude from this that discipline does not improve dogs' behavior; on the contrary, it encourages misbehavior.
Question: The argument is flawed in that it fails to consider the possibility that
A. dogs' misbehavior is the cause of, rather than the result of, frequent discipline
B. dogs learn from past experience how their owners are likely to react to misbehavior
C. discipline does not cause misbehavior on the part of animals other than dogs
D. kennel club members tend to be more skilled at raising dogs than are other dog owners
E. kennel club members are more likely to use discipline than are other dog owners
Answer:
|
Kennel club members who frequently discipline their dogs report a higher incidence of misbehavior than do members who rarely or never discipline their dogs. We can conclude from this that discipline does not improve dogs' behavior; on the contrary, it encourages misbehavior.
Question: The argument is flawed in that it fails to consider the possibility that
A. dogs' misbehavior is the cause of, rather than the result of, frequent discipline
B. dogs learn from past experience how their owners are likely to react to misbehavior
C. discipline does not cause misbehavior on the part of animals other than dogs
D. kennel club members tend to be more skilled at raising dogs than are other dog owners
E. kennel club members are more likely to use discipline than are other dog owners
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:106
|
|
62 |
Sherrie: Scientists now agree that nicotine in tobacco is addictive inasmuch as smokers who try to stop smoking suffer withdrawal symptoms. For this reason alone, tobacco should be treated the same way as other dangerous drugs. Governments worldwide have a duty to restrict the manufacture and sale of tobacco. Fran: By your own admission, "addictive" is broad enough to include other commonly consumed products, such as coffee and soft drinks containing caffeine. But of course the manufacture and sale of these products should not be restricted.
Question: The dialogue above lends the most support to the claim that Sherrie and Fran disagree with each other about which one of the following statements?
A. The manufacture and sale of all drugs should be regulated by governments.
B. Coffee and soft drinks that contain caffeine should not be regulated by governments.
C. Agreement by scientists that a substance is addictive justifies government restrictions on products containing that substance.
D. Scientists are not proper authorities with respect to the question of whether a given substance is addictive.
E. Scientists and governments have a duty to cooperate in regulating drugs to protect the public health.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Sherrie: Scientists now agree that nicotine in tobacco is addictive inasmuch as smokers who try to stop smoking suffer withdrawal symptoms. For this reason alone, tobacco should be treated the same way as other dangerous drugs. Governments worldwide have a duty to restrict the manufacture and sale of tobacco. Fran: By your own admission, "addictive" is broad enough to include other commonly consumed products, such as coffee and soft drinks containing caffeine. But of course the manufacture and sale of these products should not be restricted.
Question: The dialogue above lends the most support to the claim that Sherrie and Fran disagree with each other about which one of the following statements?
A. The manufacture and sale of all drugs should be regulated by governments.
B. Coffee and soft drinks that contain caffeine should not be regulated by governments.
C. Agreement by scientists that a substance is addictive justifies government restrictions on products containing that substance.
D. Scientists are not proper authorities with respect to the question of whether a given substance is addictive.
E. Scientists and governments have a duty to cooperate in regulating drugs to protect the public health.
Answer:
|
Sherrie: Scientists now agree that nicotine in tobacco is addictive inasmuch as smokers who try to stop smoking suffer withdrawal symptoms. For this reason alone, tobacco should be treated the same way as other dangerous drugs. Governments worldwide have a duty to restrict the manufacture and sale of tobacco. Fran: By your own admission, "addictive" is broad enough to include other commonly consumed products, such as coffee and soft drinks containing caffeine. But of course the manufacture and sale of these products should not be restricted.
Question: The dialogue above lends the most support to the claim that Sherrie and Fran disagree with each other about which one of the following statements?
A. The manufacture and sale of all drugs should be regulated by governments.
B. Coffee and soft drinks that contain caffeine should not be regulated by governments.
C. Agreement by scientists that a substance is addictive justifies government restrictions on products containing that substance.
D. Scientists are not proper authorities with respect to the question of whether a given substance is addictive.
E. Scientists and governments have a duty to cooperate in regulating drugs to protect the public health.
Answer:
|
Sherrie: Scientists now agree that nicotine in tobacco is addictive inasmuch as smokers who try to stop smoking suffer withdrawal symptoms. For this reason alone, tobacco should be treated the same way as other dangerous drugs. Governments worldwide have a duty to restrict the manufacture and sale of tobacco. Fran: By your own admission, "addictive" is broad enough to include other commonly consumed products, such as coffee and soft drinks containing caffeine. But of course the manufacture and sale of these products should not be restricted.
Question: The dialogue above lends the most support to the claim that Sherrie and Fran disagree with each other about which one of the following statements?
A. The manufacture and sale of all drugs should be regulated by governments.
B. Coffee and soft drinks that contain caffeine should not be regulated by governments.
C. Agreement by scientists that a substance is addictive justifies government restrictions on products containing that substance.
D. Scientists are not proper authorities with respect to the question of whether a given substance is addictive.
E. Scientists and governments have a duty to cooperate in regulating drugs to protect the public health.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:62
|
|
124 |
Ethicist: Marital vows often contain the promise to love "until death do us part." If "love" here refers to a feeling, then this promise makes no sense, for feelings are not within one's control, and a promise to do something not within one's control makes no sense. Thus, no one—including those making marital vows—should take "love" in this context to be referring to feelings.
Question: The ethicist's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. None of our feelings are within our control.
B. People should not make promises to do something that is not within their control.
C. "Love" can legitimately be taken to refer to something other than feelings.
D. Promises should not be interpreted in such a way that they make no sense.
E. Promises that cannot be kept do not make any sense.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Ethicist: Marital vows often contain the promise to love "until death do us part." If "love" here refers to a feeling, then this promise makes no sense, for feelings are not within one's control, and a promise to do something not within one's control makes no sense. Thus, no one—including those making marital vows—should take "love" in this context to be referring to feelings.
Question: The ethicist's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. None of our feelings are within our control.
B. People should not make promises to do something that is not within their control.
C. "Love" can legitimately be taken to refer to something other than feelings.
D. Promises should not be interpreted in such a way that they make no sense.
E. Promises that cannot be kept do not make any sense.
Answer:
|
Ethicist: Marital vows often contain the promise to love "until death do us part." If "love" here refers to a feeling, then this promise makes no sense, for feelings are not within one's control, and a promise to do something not within one's control makes no sense. Thus, no one—including those making marital vows—should take "love" in this context to be referring to feelings.
Question: The ethicist's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. None of our feelings are within our control.
B. People should not make promises to do something that is not within their control.
C. "Love" can legitimately be taken to refer to something other than feelings.
D. Promises should not be interpreted in such a way that they make no sense.
E. Promises that cannot be kept do not make any sense.
Answer:
|
Ethicist: Marital vows often contain the promise to love "until death do us part." If "love" here refers to a feeling, then this promise makes no sense, for feelings are not within one's control, and a promise to do something not within one's control makes no sense. Thus, no one—including those making marital vows—should take "love" in this context to be referring to feelings.
Question: The ethicist's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. None of our feelings are within our control.
B. People should not make promises to do something that is not within their control.
C. "Love" can legitimately be taken to refer to something other than feelings.
D. Promises should not be interpreted in such a way that they make no sense.
E. Promises that cannot be kept do not make any sense.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:124
|
|
310 |
Critic: Fillmore, an influential television executive, argues that watching television regularly is not detrimental to very young children. Fillmore bases this on the claim, which I grant, that children can learn much that is beneficial from television. But we should reject Fillmore's argument, because clearly it is to Fillmore's benefit to convince parents that television is not harmful to their children.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the critic's reasoning?
A. It takes a necessary condition for something's being harmful to be a sufficient condition for being harmful.
B. It concludes that something is true merely on the grounds that there is no evidence to the contrary.
C. It rejects an argument solely on the grounds that the argument could serve the interests of the person making that argument.
D. It is based on an appeal to the views of someone with questionable authority on the subject matter.
E. It bases its conclusion on claims that are inconsistent with one another.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Critic: Fillmore, an influential television executive, argues that watching television regularly is not detrimental to very young children. Fillmore bases this on the claim, which I grant, that children can learn much that is beneficial from television. But we should reject Fillmore's argument, because clearly it is to Fillmore's benefit to convince parents that television is not harmful to their children.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the critic's reasoning?
A. It takes a necessary condition for something's being harmful to be a sufficient condition for being harmful.
B. It concludes that something is true merely on the grounds that there is no evidence to the contrary.
C. It rejects an argument solely on the grounds that the argument could serve the interests of the person making that argument.
D. It is based on an appeal to the views of someone with questionable authority on the subject matter.
E. It bases its conclusion on claims that are inconsistent with one another.
Answer:
|
Critic: Fillmore, an influential television executive, argues that watching television regularly is not detrimental to very young children. Fillmore bases this on the claim, which I grant, that children can learn much that is beneficial from television. But we should reject Fillmore's argument, because clearly it is to Fillmore's benefit to convince parents that television is not harmful to their children.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the critic's reasoning?
A. It takes a necessary condition for something's being harmful to be a sufficient condition for being harmful.
B. It concludes that something is true merely on the grounds that there is no evidence to the contrary.
C. It rejects an argument solely on the grounds that the argument could serve the interests of the person making that argument.
D. It is based on an appeal to the views of someone with questionable authority on the subject matter.
E. It bases its conclusion on claims that are inconsistent with one another.
Answer:
|
Critic: Fillmore, an influential television executive, argues that watching television regularly is not detrimental to very young children. Fillmore bases this on the claim, which I grant, that children can learn much that is beneficial from television. But we should reject Fillmore's argument, because clearly it is to Fillmore's benefit to convince parents that television is not harmful to their children.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the critic's reasoning?
A. It takes a necessary condition for something's being harmful to be a sufficient condition for being harmful.
B. It concludes that something is true merely on the grounds that there is no evidence to the contrary.
C. It rejects an argument solely on the grounds that the argument could serve the interests of the person making that argument.
D. It is based on an appeal to the views of someone with questionable authority on the subject matter.
E. It bases its conclusion on claims that are inconsistent with one another.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:310
|
|
16 |
Detective: Because the embezzler must have had specialized knowledge and access to internal financial records, we can presume that the embezzler worked for XYZ Corporation as either an accountant or an actuary. But an accountant would probably not make the kind of mistakes in ledger entries that led to the discovery of the embezzlement. Thus it is likely that the embezzler is one of the actuaries.
Question: Each of the following weakens the detective's argument EXCEPT:
A. The actuaries' activities while working for XYZ Corporation were more closely scrutinized by supervisors than were the activities of the accountants.
B. There is evidence of breaches in computer security at the time of the embezzlement that could have given persons outside XYZ Corporation access to internal financial records.
C. XYZ Corporation employs eight accountants, whereas it has only two actuaries on its staff.
D. An independent report released before the crime took place concluded that XYZ Corporation was vulnerable to embezzlement.
E. Certain security measures at XYZ Corporation made it more difficult for the actuaries to have access to internal financial records than for the accountants.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Detective: Because the embezzler must have had specialized knowledge and access to internal financial records, we can presume that the embezzler worked for XYZ Corporation as either an accountant or an actuary. But an accountant would probably not make the kind of mistakes in ledger entries that led to the discovery of the embezzlement. Thus it is likely that the embezzler is one of the actuaries.
Question: Each of the following weakens the detective's argument EXCEPT:
A. The actuaries' activities while working for XYZ Corporation were more closely scrutinized by supervisors than were the activities of the accountants.
B. There is evidence of breaches in computer security at the time of the embezzlement that could have given persons outside XYZ Corporation access to internal financial records.
C. XYZ Corporation employs eight accountants, whereas it has only two actuaries on its staff.
D. An independent report released before the crime took place concluded that XYZ Corporation was vulnerable to embezzlement.
E. Certain security measures at XYZ Corporation made it more difficult for the actuaries to have access to internal financial records than for the accountants.
Answer:
|
Detective: Because the embezzler must have had specialized knowledge and access to internal financial records, we can presume that the embezzler worked for XYZ Corporation as either an accountant or an actuary. But an accountant would probably not make the kind of mistakes in ledger entries that led to the discovery of the embezzlement. Thus it is likely that the embezzler is one of the actuaries.
Question: Each of the following weakens the detective's argument EXCEPT:
A. The actuaries' activities while working for XYZ Corporation were more closely scrutinized by supervisors than were the activities of the accountants.
B. There is evidence of breaches in computer security at the time of the embezzlement that could have given persons outside XYZ Corporation access to internal financial records.
C. XYZ Corporation employs eight accountants, whereas it has only two actuaries on its staff.
D. An independent report released before the crime took place concluded that XYZ Corporation was vulnerable to embezzlement.
E. Certain security measures at XYZ Corporation made it more difficult for the actuaries to have access to internal financial records than for the accountants.
Answer:
|
Detective: Because the embezzler must have had specialized knowledge and access to internal financial records, we can presume that the embezzler worked for XYZ Corporation as either an accountant or an actuary. But an accountant would probably not make the kind of mistakes in ledger entries that led to the discovery of the embezzlement. Thus it is likely that the embezzler is one of the actuaries.
Question: Each of the following weakens the detective's argument EXCEPT:
A. The actuaries' activities while working for XYZ Corporation were more closely scrutinized by supervisors than were the activities of the accountants.
B. There is evidence of breaches in computer security at the time of the embezzlement that could have given persons outside XYZ Corporation access to internal financial records.
C. XYZ Corporation employs eight accountants, whereas it has only two actuaries on its staff.
D. An independent report released before the crime took place concluded that XYZ Corporation was vulnerable to embezzlement.
E. Certain security measures at XYZ Corporation made it more difficult for the actuaries to have access to internal financial records than for the accountants.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:16
|
|
59 |
In some countries, national planners have attempted to address the problems resulting from increasing urbanization by reducing migration from rural areas. But some economists have suggested an alternative approach. These economists assert that planners could solve these problems effectively by trading goods or services produced by a predominantly urban population in order to obtain the agricultural products that were previously produced domestically.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the economists' assertion?
A. Government subsidies to urban manufacturers can ease the problems caused by the migration of people from rural to urban areas.
B. All problems that have economic causes must have economic solutions.
C. A scarcity of agricultural products is a central element of many problems created by urbanization.
D. Problems associated with migration to cities from rural areas are primarily due to trade imbalances between countries.
E. Free trade policies can exacerbate the problems caused by increasing urbanization.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
In some countries, national planners have attempted to address the problems resulting from increasing urbanization by reducing migration from rural areas. But some economists have suggested an alternative approach. These economists assert that planners could solve these problems effectively by trading goods or services produced by a predominantly urban population in order to obtain the agricultural products that were previously produced domestically.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the economists' assertion?
A. Government subsidies to urban manufacturers can ease the problems caused by the migration of people from rural to urban areas.
B. All problems that have economic causes must have economic solutions.
C. A scarcity of agricultural products is a central element of many problems created by urbanization.
D. Problems associated with migration to cities from rural areas are primarily due to trade imbalances between countries.
E. Free trade policies can exacerbate the problems caused by increasing urbanization.
Answer:
|
In some countries, national planners have attempted to address the problems resulting from increasing urbanization by reducing migration from rural areas. But some economists have suggested an alternative approach. These economists assert that planners could solve these problems effectively by trading goods or services produced by a predominantly urban population in order to obtain the agricultural products that were previously produced domestically.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the economists' assertion?
A. Government subsidies to urban manufacturers can ease the problems caused by the migration of people from rural to urban areas.
B. All problems that have economic causes must have economic solutions.
C. A scarcity of agricultural products is a central element of many problems created by urbanization.
D. Problems associated with migration to cities from rural areas are primarily due to trade imbalances between countries.
E. Free trade policies can exacerbate the problems caused by increasing urbanization.
Answer:
|
In some countries, national planners have attempted to address the problems resulting from increasing urbanization by reducing migration from rural areas. But some economists have suggested an alternative approach. These economists assert that planners could solve these problems effectively by trading goods or services produced by a predominantly urban population in order to obtain the agricultural products that were previously produced domestically.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, would provide the most support for the economists' assertion?
A. Government subsidies to urban manufacturers can ease the problems caused by the migration of people from rural to urban areas.
B. All problems that have economic causes must have economic solutions.
C. A scarcity of agricultural products is a central element of many problems created by urbanization.
D. Problems associated with migration to cities from rural areas are primarily due to trade imbalances between countries.
E. Free trade policies can exacerbate the problems caused by increasing urbanization.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:59
|
|
401 |
Researchers working in Western Australia have discovered the oldest fragments of the Earth's early crust that have yet been identified: microdiamonds. These microscopic crystals measure only 50 microns across and were formed 4.2 billion years ago. This discovery sheds light on how long it took for the Earth's crust to form, since this date is only 300 million years after the formation of the Earth itself.
Question: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?
A. The Earth's crust took no longer than 300 million years to start to form.
B. The Earth's crust first formed in the area that is now Western Australia.
C. The Earth's crust took billions of years to form.
D. Microdiamonds were the first components of the Earth's crust to form.
E. All naturally occurring microdiamonds were formed at the time the Earth's crust was being formed.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Researchers working in Western Australia have discovered the oldest fragments of the Earth's early crust that have yet been identified: microdiamonds. These microscopic crystals measure only 50 microns across and were formed 4.2 billion years ago. This discovery sheds light on how long it took for the Earth's crust to form, since this date is only 300 million years after the formation of the Earth itself.
Question: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?
A. The Earth's crust took no longer than 300 million years to start to form.
B. The Earth's crust first formed in the area that is now Western Australia.
C. The Earth's crust took billions of years to form.
D. Microdiamonds were the first components of the Earth's crust to form.
E. All naturally occurring microdiamonds were formed at the time the Earth's crust was being formed.
Answer:
|
Researchers working in Western Australia have discovered the oldest fragments of the Earth's early crust that have yet been identified: microdiamonds. These microscopic crystals measure only 50 microns across and were formed 4.2 billion years ago. This discovery sheds light on how long it took for the Earth's crust to form, since this date is only 300 million years after the formation of the Earth itself.
Question: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?
A. The Earth's crust took no longer than 300 million years to start to form.
B. The Earth's crust first formed in the area that is now Western Australia.
C. The Earth's crust took billions of years to form.
D. Microdiamonds were the first components of the Earth's crust to form.
E. All naturally occurring microdiamonds were formed at the time the Earth's crust was being formed.
Answer:
|
Researchers working in Western Australia have discovered the oldest fragments of the Earth's early crust that have yet been identified: microdiamonds. These microscopic crystals measure only 50 microns across and were formed 4.2 billion years ago. This discovery sheds light on how long it took for the Earth's crust to form, since this date is only 300 million years after the formation of the Earth itself.
Question: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?
A. The Earth's crust took no longer than 300 million years to start to form.
B. The Earth's crust first formed in the area that is now Western Australia.
C. The Earth's crust took billions of years to form.
D. Microdiamonds were the first components of the Earth's crust to form.
E. All naturally occurring microdiamonds were formed at the time the Earth's crust was being formed.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:401
|
|
69 |
People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where that issue is relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of settling disputes involving such issues.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.
B. The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.
C. Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.
D. Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.
E. Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where that issue is relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of settling disputes involving such issues.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.
B. The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.
C. Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.
D. Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.
E. Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.
Answer:
|
People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where that issue is relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of settling disputes involving such issues.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.
B. The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.
C. Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.
D. Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.
E. Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.
Answer:
|
People who have specialized knowledge about a scientific or technical issue are systematically excluded from juries for trials where that issue is relevant. Thus, trial by jury is not a fair means of settling disputes involving such issues.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. The more complicated the issue being litigated, the less likely it is that a juror without specialized knowledge of the field involved will be able to comprehend the testimony being given.
B. The more a juror knows about a particular scientific or technical issue involved in a trial, the more likely it is that the juror will be prejudiced in favor of one of the litigating parties before the trial begins.
C. Appointing an impartial arbitrator is not a fair means of settling disputes involving scientific or technical issues, because arbitrators tend to favor settlements in which both parties compromise on the issues.
D. Experts who give testimony on scientific or technical issues tend to hedge their conclusions by discussing the possibility of error.
E. Expert witnesses in specialized fields often command fees that are so high that many people involved in litigation cannot afford their services.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:69
|
|
282 |
Humorous television advertisements are the only effective ones. For if something is humorous it will not only attract people's attention, it will hold their attention long enough for a message to be conveyed. And, obviously, for an advertisement to be effective it must convey its message.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument?
A. It takes for granted that nothing but humor can attract a person's attention and hold it long enough for a message to be conveyed.
B. It confuses attracting a person's attention with holding a person's attention long enough for a message to be conveyed.
C. It treats a necessary condition for an advertisement's being effective as if it were a sufficient condition.
D. It uses two senses of the term "effective" without differentiating them.
E. It takes for granted that an advertisement's only purpose is to convey its message.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Humorous television advertisements are the only effective ones. For if something is humorous it will not only attract people's attention, it will hold their attention long enough for a message to be conveyed. And, obviously, for an advertisement to be effective it must convey its message.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument?
A. It takes for granted that nothing but humor can attract a person's attention and hold it long enough for a message to be conveyed.
B. It confuses attracting a person's attention with holding a person's attention long enough for a message to be conveyed.
C. It treats a necessary condition for an advertisement's being effective as if it were a sufficient condition.
D. It uses two senses of the term "effective" without differentiating them.
E. It takes for granted that an advertisement's only purpose is to convey its message.
Answer:
|
Humorous television advertisements are the only effective ones. For if something is humorous it will not only attract people's attention, it will hold their attention long enough for a message to be conveyed. And, obviously, for an advertisement to be effective it must convey its message.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument?
A. It takes for granted that nothing but humor can attract a person's attention and hold it long enough for a message to be conveyed.
B. It confuses attracting a person's attention with holding a person's attention long enough for a message to be conveyed.
C. It treats a necessary condition for an advertisement's being effective as if it were a sufficient condition.
D. It uses two senses of the term "effective" without differentiating them.
E. It takes for granted that an advertisement's only purpose is to convey its message.
Answer:
|
Humorous television advertisements are the only effective ones. For if something is humorous it will not only attract people's attention, it will hold their attention long enough for a message to be conveyed. And, obviously, for an advertisement to be effective it must convey its message.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument?
A. It takes for granted that nothing but humor can attract a person's attention and hold it long enough for a message to be conveyed.
B. It confuses attracting a person's attention with holding a person's attention long enough for a message to be conveyed.
C. It treats a necessary condition for an advertisement's being effective as if it were a sufficient condition.
D. It uses two senses of the term "effective" without differentiating them.
E. It takes for granted that an advertisement's only purpose is to convey its message.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:282
|
|
188 |
Art critic: The Woerner Journalism Award for criticism was given to Nan Paulsen for her reviews of automobiles. This is inappropriate. The criticism award should be given for criticism, which Paulsen's reviews clearly were not. After alL cars are utilitarian things, not works of art. And objects that are not works of art do not reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justiJY the reasoning in the art critic's argument?
A. The Woemer Journalism Award for criticism should not be given to a writer who portrays utilitarian objects as works of art.
B. Reviews of objects cannot appropriately be considered to be criticism unless the objects reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.
C. Unless a review is written for the purpose of revealing important truths about the writer's culture, that review should not be considered to be criticism.
D. The Woerner JournalismAward for criticism should not be given to writers who do not consider themselves to be critics.
E. All writing that reveals important truths about a culture should be considered to be criticism.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Art critic: The Woerner Journalism Award for criticism was given to Nan Paulsen for her reviews of automobiles. This is inappropriate. The criticism award should be given for criticism, which Paulsen's reviews clearly were not. After alL cars are utilitarian things, not works of art. And objects that are not works of art do not reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justiJY the reasoning in the art critic's argument?
A. The Woemer Journalism Award for criticism should not be given to a writer who portrays utilitarian objects as works of art.
B. Reviews of objects cannot appropriately be considered to be criticism unless the objects reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.
C. Unless a review is written for the purpose of revealing important truths about the writer's culture, that review should not be considered to be criticism.
D. The Woerner JournalismAward for criticism should not be given to writers who do not consider themselves to be critics.
E. All writing that reveals important truths about a culture should be considered to be criticism.
Answer:
|
Art critic: The Woerner Journalism Award for criticism was given to Nan Paulsen for her reviews of automobiles. This is inappropriate. The criticism award should be given for criticism, which Paulsen's reviews clearly were not. After alL cars are utilitarian things, not works of art. And objects that are not works of art do not reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justiJY the reasoning in the art critic's argument?
A. The Woemer Journalism Award for criticism should not be given to a writer who portrays utilitarian objects as works of art.
B. Reviews of objects cannot appropriately be considered to be criticism unless the objects reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.
C. Unless a review is written for the purpose of revealing important truths about the writer's culture, that review should not be considered to be criticism.
D. The Woerner JournalismAward for criticism should not be given to writers who do not consider themselves to be critics.
E. All writing that reveals important truths about a culture should be considered to be criticism.
Answer:
|
Art critic: The Woerner Journalism Award for criticism was given to Nan Paulsen for her reviews of automobiles. This is inappropriate. The criticism award should be given for criticism, which Paulsen's reviews clearly were not. After alL cars are utilitarian things, not works of art. And objects that are not works of art do not reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justiJY the reasoning in the art critic's argument?
A. The Woemer Journalism Award for criticism should not be given to a writer who portrays utilitarian objects as works of art.
B. Reviews of objects cannot appropriately be considered to be criticism unless the objects reveal important truths about the culture that produced them.
C. Unless a review is written for the purpose of revealing important truths about the writer's culture, that review should not be considered to be criticism.
D. The Woerner JournalismAward for criticism should not be given to writers who do not consider themselves to be critics.
E. All writing that reveals important truths about a culture should be considered to be criticism.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:188
|
|
44 |
Dana: It is wrong to think that the same educational methods should be used with all children. Many children have been raised in more communal environments than others and would therefore learn better through group, rather than individual, activities. A child's accustomed style of learning should always dictate what method is used. Pat: No, not always. The flexibility of being able to work either on one's own or in a group is invaluable in a world where both skills are in demand.
Question: The conversation lends the most support to the claim that Dana and Pat disagree on which one of the following?
A. All children can learn valuable skills from individual activities.
B. All children should learn to adapt to various educational methods.
C. Many children would learn better through group, rather than individual, activities.
D. The main purpose of education is to prepare children to meet the demands of the job market as adults.
E. It is sometimes desirable to tailor educational methods to the way a child learns best.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Dana: It is wrong to think that the same educational methods should be used with all children. Many children have been raised in more communal environments than others and would therefore learn better through group, rather than individual, activities. A child's accustomed style of learning should always dictate what method is used. Pat: No, not always. The flexibility of being able to work either on one's own or in a group is invaluable in a world where both skills are in demand.
Question: The conversation lends the most support to the claim that Dana and Pat disagree on which one of the following?
A. All children can learn valuable skills from individual activities.
B. All children should learn to adapt to various educational methods.
C. Many children would learn better through group, rather than individual, activities.
D. The main purpose of education is to prepare children to meet the demands of the job market as adults.
E. It is sometimes desirable to tailor educational methods to the way a child learns best.
Answer:
|
Dana: It is wrong to think that the same educational methods should be used with all children. Many children have been raised in more communal environments than others and would therefore learn better through group, rather than individual, activities. A child's accustomed style of learning should always dictate what method is used. Pat: No, not always. The flexibility of being able to work either on one's own or in a group is invaluable in a world where both skills are in demand.
Question: The conversation lends the most support to the claim that Dana and Pat disagree on which one of the following?
A. All children can learn valuable skills from individual activities.
B. All children should learn to adapt to various educational methods.
C. Many children would learn better through group, rather than individual, activities.
D. The main purpose of education is to prepare children to meet the demands of the job market as adults.
E. It is sometimes desirable to tailor educational methods to the way a child learns best.
Answer:
|
Dana: It is wrong to think that the same educational methods should be used with all children. Many children have been raised in more communal environments than others and would therefore learn better through group, rather than individual, activities. A child's accustomed style of learning should always dictate what method is used. Pat: No, not always. The flexibility of being able to work either on one's own or in a group is invaluable in a world where both skills are in demand.
Question: The conversation lends the most support to the claim that Dana and Pat disagree on which one of the following?
A. All children can learn valuable skills from individual activities.
B. All children should learn to adapt to various educational methods.
C. Many children would learn better through group, rather than individual, activities.
D. The main purpose of education is to prepare children to meet the demands of the job market as adults.
E. It is sometimes desirable to tailor educational methods to the way a child learns best.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:44
|
|
300 |
Editor: Most of the books of fiction we have published were submitted by literary agents for writers they represented; the rest were received directly from fiction writers from whom we requested submissions. No nonfiction manuscript has been given serious attention, let alone been published, unless it was from a renowned figure or we had requested the manuscript after careful review of the writer's book proposal.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the editor's statements?
A. Most unrequested manuscripts that the publishing house receives are not given serious attention.
B. Most of the books that the publishing house publishes that are not by renowned authors are books of fiction.
C. If a manuscript has received careful attention at the publishing house, then it is either a work of fiction or the work of a renowned figure.
D. The publishing house is less likely to give careful consideration to a manuscript that was submitted directly by a writer than one that was submitted by a writer's literary agent.
E. Any unrequested manuscripts not submitted by literary agents that the publishing house has published were written by renowned figures.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Editor: Most of the books of fiction we have published were submitted by literary agents for writers they represented; the rest were received directly from fiction writers from whom we requested submissions. No nonfiction manuscript has been given serious attention, let alone been published, unless it was from a renowned figure or we had requested the manuscript after careful review of the writer's book proposal.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the editor's statements?
A. Most unrequested manuscripts that the publishing house receives are not given serious attention.
B. Most of the books that the publishing house publishes that are not by renowned authors are books of fiction.
C. If a manuscript has received careful attention at the publishing house, then it is either a work of fiction or the work of a renowned figure.
D. The publishing house is less likely to give careful consideration to a manuscript that was submitted directly by a writer than one that was submitted by a writer's literary agent.
E. Any unrequested manuscripts not submitted by literary agents that the publishing house has published were written by renowned figures.
Answer:
|
Editor: Most of the books of fiction we have published were submitted by literary agents for writers they represented; the rest were received directly from fiction writers from whom we requested submissions. No nonfiction manuscript has been given serious attention, let alone been published, unless it was from a renowned figure or we had requested the manuscript after careful review of the writer's book proposal.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the editor's statements?
A. Most unrequested manuscripts that the publishing house receives are not given serious attention.
B. Most of the books that the publishing house publishes that are not by renowned authors are books of fiction.
C. If a manuscript has received careful attention at the publishing house, then it is either a work of fiction or the work of a renowned figure.
D. The publishing house is less likely to give careful consideration to a manuscript that was submitted directly by a writer than one that was submitted by a writer's literary agent.
E. Any unrequested manuscripts not submitted by literary agents that the publishing house has published were written by renowned figures.
Answer:
|
Editor: Most of the books of fiction we have published were submitted by literary agents for writers they represented; the rest were received directly from fiction writers from whom we requested submissions. No nonfiction manuscript has been given serious attention, let alone been published, unless it was from a renowned figure or we had requested the manuscript after careful review of the writer's book proposal.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the editor's statements?
A. Most unrequested manuscripts that the publishing house receives are not given serious attention.
B. Most of the books that the publishing house publishes that are not by renowned authors are books of fiction.
C. If a manuscript has received careful attention at the publishing house, then it is either a work of fiction or the work of a renowned figure.
D. The publishing house is less likely to give careful consideration to a manuscript that was submitted directly by a writer than one that was submitted by a writer's literary agent.
E. Any unrequested manuscripts not submitted by literary agents that the publishing house has published were written by renowned figures.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:300
|
|
466 |
For a species of large abalone shellfish to develop from a species of smaller ones, they must spend less energy on finding food and avoiding predators, and more on competition in mating. So it is surprising that the fossil record shows that a species of large abalones developed from a smaller one only after otters' which prey on abalones, began to dominate the waters in which the abalones lived.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?
A. Otters and abalones also compete for the same types of food and so are drawn to the same waters.
B. The fossils that were studied showed the development of only one of the two species of large abalones known to exist.
C. Otters also prey on the abalones* competitors for food and so indirectly make it easier for abalones to get food.
D. Small abalone species tend to reproduce more rapidly than larger abalone species.
E. Otters have a preference for large abalones over small ones and so prefer waters in which large abalones are found.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
For a species of large abalone shellfish to develop from a species of smaller ones, they must spend less energy on finding food and avoiding predators, and more on competition in mating. So it is surprising that the fossil record shows that a species of large abalones developed from a smaller one only after otters' which prey on abalones, began to dominate the waters in which the abalones lived.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?
A. Otters and abalones also compete for the same types of food and so are drawn to the same waters.
B. The fossils that were studied showed the development of only one of the two species of large abalones known to exist.
C. Otters also prey on the abalones* competitors for food and so indirectly make it easier for abalones to get food.
D. Small abalone species tend to reproduce more rapidly than larger abalone species.
E. Otters have a preference for large abalones over small ones and so prefer waters in which large abalones are found.
Answer:
|
For a species of large abalone shellfish to develop from a species of smaller ones, they must spend less energy on finding food and avoiding predators, and more on competition in mating. So it is surprising that the fossil record shows that a species of large abalones developed from a smaller one only after otters' which prey on abalones, began to dominate the waters in which the abalones lived.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?
A. Otters and abalones also compete for the same types of food and so are drawn to the same waters.
B. The fossils that were studied showed the development of only one of the two species of large abalones known to exist.
C. Otters also prey on the abalones* competitors for food and so indirectly make it easier for abalones to get food.
D. Small abalone species tend to reproduce more rapidly than larger abalone species.
E. Otters have a preference for large abalones over small ones and so prefer waters in which large abalones are found.
Answer:
|
For a species of large abalone shellfish to develop from a species of smaller ones, they must spend less energy on finding food and avoiding predators, and more on competition in mating. So it is surprising that the fossil record shows that a species of large abalones developed from a smaller one only after otters' which prey on abalones, began to dominate the waters in which the abalones lived.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?
A. Otters and abalones also compete for the same types of food and so are drawn to the same waters.
B. The fossils that were studied showed the development of only one of the two species of large abalones known to exist.
C. Otters also prey on the abalones* competitors for food and so indirectly make it easier for abalones to get food.
D. Small abalone species tend to reproduce more rapidly than larger abalone species.
E. Otters have a preference for large abalones over small ones and so prefer waters in which large abalones are found.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:466
|
|
391 |
A manager cannot extract the best performance from employees by threatening them with termination or offering financial rewards for high productivity. Rather, employees must come to want to do a good job for its own sake. One of the best ways for a manager to achieve this is to delegate responsibility to them, especially for decisions that previously had to be made by the manager.
Question: Which one of the following propositions is best illustrated by the situation described in the passage?
A. Increased responsibility can improve a person's sense of how power should be used.
B. It is often the case that the desire for prestige is more powerful than the desire for job security.
C. In some cases one's effectiveness in a particular role can be enhanced by a partial relinquishing of control.
D. People who carry out decisions are in the best position to determine what those decisions should be.
E. Business works best by harnessing the self-interest of individuals to benefit the company as a whole.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
A manager cannot extract the best performance from employees by threatening them with termination or offering financial rewards for high productivity. Rather, employees must come to want to do a good job for its own sake. One of the best ways for a manager to achieve this is to delegate responsibility to them, especially for decisions that previously had to be made by the manager.
Question: Which one of the following propositions is best illustrated by the situation described in the passage?
A. Increased responsibility can improve a person's sense of how power should be used.
B. It is often the case that the desire for prestige is more powerful than the desire for job security.
C. In some cases one's effectiveness in a particular role can be enhanced by a partial relinquishing of control.
D. People who carry out decisions are in the best position to determine what those decisions should be.
E. Business works best by harnessing the self-interest of individuals to benefit the company as a whole.
Answer:
|
A manager cannot extract the best performance from employees by threatening them with termination or offering financial rewards for high productivity. Rather, employees must come to want to do a good job for its own sake. One of the best ways for a manager to achieve this is to delegate responsibility to them, especially for decisions that previously had to be made by the manager.
Question: Which one of the following propositions is best illustrated by the situation described in the passage?
A. Increased responsibility can improve a person's sense of how power should be used.
B. It is often the case that the desire for prestige is more powerful than the desire for job security.
C. In some cases one's effectiveness in a particular role can be enhanced by a partial relinquishing of control.
D. People who carry out decisions are in the best position to determine what those decisions should be.
E. Business works best by harnessing the self-interest of individuals to benefit the company as a whole.
Answer:
|
A manager cannot extract the best performance from employees by threatening them with termination or offering financial rewards for high productivity. Rather, employees must come to want to do a good job for its own sake. One of the best ways for a manager to achieve this is to delegate responsibility to them, especially for decisions that previously had to be made by the manager.
Question: Which one of the following propositions is best illustrated by the situation described in the passage?
A. Increased responsibility can improve a person's sense of how power should be used.
B. It is often the case that the desire for prestige is more powerful than the desire for job security.
C. In some cases one's effectiveness in a particular role can be enhanced by a partial relinquishing of control.
D. People who carry out decisions are in the best position to determine what those decisions should be.
E. Business works best by harnessing the self-interest of individuals to benefit the company as a whole.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:391
|
|
142 |
Editorial: Cell-phone usage on buses and trains is annoying to other passengers. This suggests that recent proposals to allow use of cell phones on airplanes are ill-advised. Cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains. Airline passengers are usually packed in tightly. And if airline passengers are offended by the cell-phone excesses of their seatmates, they often cannot move to another seat.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the editorial's argument by the statement that cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains?
A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.
B. It is a claim that the argument tries to rebut.
C. It is a premise that indirectly supports the main conclusion of the argument by supporting a premise for that conclusion.
D. It is a conclusion for which support is provided and that itself is used in turn to directly support the argument's main conclusion.
E. It provides background information that plays no role in the reasoning in the argument.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Editorial: Cell-phone usage on buses and trains is annoying to other passengers. This suggests that recent proposals to allow use of cell phones on airplanes are ill-advised. Cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains. Airline passengers are usually packed in tightly. And if airline passengers are offended by the cell-phone excesses of their seatmates, they often cannot move to another seat.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the editorial's argument by the statement that cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains?
A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.
B. It is a claim that the argument tries to rebut.
C. It is a premise that indirectly supports the main conclusion of the argument by supporting a premise for that conclusion.
D. It is a conclusion for which support is provided and that itself is used in turn to directly support the argument's main conclusion.
E. It provides background information that plays no role in the reasoning in the argument.
Answer:
|
Editorial: Cell-phone usage on buses and trains is annoying to other passengers. This suggests that recent proposals to allow use of cell phones on airplanes are ill-advised. Cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains. Airline passengers are usually packed in tightly. And if airline passengers are offended by the cell-phone excesses of their seatmates, they often cannot move to another seat.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the editorial's argument by the statement that cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains?
A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.
B. It is a claim that the argument tries to rebut.
C. It is a premise that indirectly supports the main conclusion of the argument by supporting a premise for that conclusion.
D. It is a conclusion for which support is provided and that itself is used in turn to directly support the argument's main conclusion.
E. It provides background information that plays no role in the reasoning in the argument.
Answer:
|
Editorial: Cell-phone usage on buses and trains is annoying to other passengers. This suggests that recent proposals to allow use of cell phones on airplanes are ill-advised. Cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains. Airline passengers are usually packed in tightly. And if airline passengers are offended by the cell-phone excesses of their seatmates, they often cannot move to another seat.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the editorial's argument by the statement that cell-phone use would be far more upsetting on airplanes than it is on buses and trains?
A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.
B. It is a claim that the argument tries to rebut.
C. It is a premise that indirectly supports the main conclusion of the argument by supporting a premise for that conclusion.
D. It is a conclusion for which support is provided and that itself is used in turn to directly support the argument's main conclusion.
E. It provides background information that plays no role in the reasoning in the argument.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:142
|
|
226 |
Ethicist: Only when we know a lot about the events that led to an action are we justified in praising or blaming a person for that action—as we sometimes are. We must therefore reject Tolstoy's rash claim that if we knew a lot about the events leading up to any action, we would cease to regard that action as freely performed.
Question: Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion of the ethicist's argument to be properly drawn?
A. People should not be regarded as subject to praise or blame for actions that were caused by conditions beyond their control.
B. Whether an act is one for which the person doing it is genuinely responsible is not determined by how much information others possess about that act.
C. We can be justified in praising or blaming a person for an action only when we regard that action as freely performed.
D. The responsibility a person bears for an action is not a matter of degree; however, our inclination to blame or praise whoever performed the action varies with the amount of information available.
E. If we do not know much about the events leading up to any given action, we will regard that action as freely performed.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Ethicist: Only when we know a lot about the events that led to an action are we justified in praising or blaming a person for that action—as we sometimes are. We must therefore reject Tolstoy's rash claim that if we knew a lot about the events leading up to any action, we would cease to regard that action as freely performed.
Question: Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion of the ethicist's argument to be properly drawn?
A. People should not be regarded as subject to praise or blame for actions that were caused by conditions beyond their control.
B. Whether an act is one for which the person doing it is genuinely responsible is not determined by how much information others possess about that act.
C. We can be justified in praising or blaming a person for an action only when we regard that action as freely performed.
D. The responsibility a person bears for an action is not a matter of degree; however, our inclination to blame or praise whoever performed the action varies with the amount of information available.
E. If we do not know much about the events leading up to any given action, we will regard that action as freely performed.
Answer:
|
Ethicist: Only when we know a lot about the events that led to an action are we justified in praising or blaming a person for that action—as we sometimes are. We must therefore reject Tolstoy's rash claim that if we knew a lot about the events leading up to any action, we would cease to regard that action as freely performed.
Question: Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion of the ethicist's argument to be properly drawn?
A. People should not be regarded as subject to praise or blame for actions that were caused by conditions beyond their control.
B. Whether an act is one for which the person doing it is genuinely responsible is not determined by how much information others possess about that act.
C. We can be justified in praising or blaming a person for an action only when we regard that action as freely performed.
D. The responsibility a person bears for an action is not a matter of degree; however, our inclination to blame or praise whoever performed the action varies with the amount of information available.
E. If we do not know much about the events leading up to any given action, we will regard that action as freely performed.
Answer:
|
Ethicist: Only when we know a lot about the events that led to an action are we justified in praising or blaming a person for that action—as we sometimes are. We must therefore reject Tolstoy's rash claim that if we knew a lot about the events leading up to any action, we would cease to regard that action as freely performed.
Question: Which one of the following, if assumed, enables the conclusion of the ethicist's argument to be properly drawn?
A. People should not be regarded as subject to praise or blame for actions that were caused by conditions beyond their control.
B. Whether an act is one for which the person doing it is genuinely responsible is not determined by how much information others possess about that act.
C. We can be justified in praising or blaming a person for an action only when we regard that action as freely performed.
D. The responsibility a person bears for an action is not a matter of degree; however, our inclination to blame or praise whoever performed the action varies with the amount of information available.
E. If we do not know much about the events leading up to any given action, we will regard that action as freely performed.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:226
|
|
416 |
In a recent field study of prairie plants, the more plant species a prairie plot had, the more vigorously the plants grew and the better the soil retained nutrients. Thus, having more plant species improves a prairie's ability to support plant life.
Question: The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
A. infers of two correlated.phenomena, X and Y, that X causes Y without considering whether Y causes X
B. fails to describe the mechanism by which productivity is supposedly increased
C. takes for granted that the characteristics of one prairie plot could reveal something about the characteristics of other prairie plots
D. bases a general conclusion on data that is likely to be unrepresentative
E. takes an increase in number to indicate an increase in proportion
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
In a recent field study of prairie plants, the more plant species a prairie plot had, the more vigorously the plants grew and the better the soil retained nutrients. Thus, having more plant species improves a prairie's ability to support plant life.
Question: The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
A. infers of two correlated.phenomena, X and Y, that X causes Y without considering whether Y causes X
B. fails to describe the mechanism by which productivity is supposedly increased
C. takes for granted that the characteristics of one prairie plot could reveal something about the characteristics of other prairie plots
D. bases a general conclusion on data that is likely to be unrepresentative
E. takes an increase in number to indicate an increase in proportion
Answer:
|
In a recent field study of prairie plants, the more plant species a prairie plot had, the more vigorously the plants grew and the better the soil retained nutrients. Thus, having more plant species improves a prairie's ability to support plant life.
Question: The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
A. infers of two correlated.phenomena, X and Y, that X causes Y without considering whether Y causes X
B. fails to describe the mechanism by which productivity is supposedly increased
C. takes for granted that the characteristics of one prairie plot could reveal something about the characteristics of other prairie plots
D. bases a general conclusion on data that is likely to be unrepresentative
E. takes an increase in number to indicate an increase in proportion
Answer:
|
In a recent field study of prairie plants, the more plant species a prairie plot had, the more vigorously the plants grew and the better the soil retained nutrients. Thus, having more plant species improves a prairie's ability to support plant life.
Question: The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
A. infers of two correlated.phenomena, X and Y, that X causes Y without considering whether Y causes X
B. fails to describe the mechanism by which productivity is supposedly increased
C. takes for granted that the characteristics of one prairie plot could reveal something about the characteristics of other prairie plots
D. bases a general conclusion on data that is likely to be unrepresentative
E. takes an increase in number to indicate an increase in proportion
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:416
|
|
295 |
Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer. This is simply false. The fact is that only about 5 percent of people with severe heartburn have a condition called Barrett's esophagus, in which cells similar to those in the stomach's lining develop in the lower esophagus. Only these people have an increased risk of developing cancer because of heartburn.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. Only those people with Barrett's esophagus can suffer an increased risk of developing cancer from heartburn.
B. An increase in the risk of esophageal cancer arises from cells similar to those in the stomach's lining developing in the lower esophagus.
C. Unrelieved heartburn is not likely to cause esophageal cancer.
D. Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer.
E. The dangers touted by heartburn-medication advertisements will affect relatively few of the people who see those advertisements.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer. This is simply false. The fact is that only about 5 percent of people with severe heartburn have a condition called Barrett's esophagus, in which cells similar to those in the stomach's lining develop in the lower esophagus. Only these people have an increased risk of developing cancer because of heartburn.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. Only those people with Barrett's esophagus can suffer an increased risk of developing cancer from heartburn.
B. An increase in the risk of esophageal cancer arises from cells similar to those in the stomach's lining developing in the lower esophagus.
C. Unrelieved heartburn is not likely to cause esophageal cancer.
D. Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer.
E. The dangers touted by heartburn-medication advertisements will affect relatively few of the people who see those advertisements.
Answer:
|
Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer. This is simply false. The fact is that only about 5 percent of people with severe heartburn have a condition called Barrett's esophagus, in which cells similar to those in the stomach's lining develop in the lower esophagus. Only these people have an increased risk of developing cancer because of heartburn.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. Only those people with Barrett's esophagus can suffer an increased risk of developing cancer from heartburn.
B. An increase in the risk of esophageal cancer arises from cells similar to those in the stomach's lining developing in the lower esophagus.
C. Unrelieved heartburn is not likely to cause esophageal cancer.
D. Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer.
E. The dangers touted by heartburn-medication advertisements will affect relatively few of the people who see those advertisements.
Answer:
|
Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer. This is simply false. The fact is that only about 5 percent of people with severe heartburn have a condition called Barrett's esophagus, in which cells similar to those in the stomach's lining develop in the lower esophagus. Only these people have an increased risk of developing cancer because of heartburn.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. Only those people with Barrett's esophagus can suffer an increased risk of developing cancer from heartburn.
B. An increase in the risk of esophageal cancer arises from cells similar to those in the stomach's lining developing in the lower esophagus.
C. Unrelieved heartburn is not likely to cause esophageal cancer.
D. Some heartburn-medication advertisements imply that unrelieved heartburn is likely to cause esophageal cancer.
E. The dangers touted by heartburn-medication advertisements will affect relatively few of the people who see those advertisements.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:295
|
|
90 |
Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory's predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory's competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.
Question: Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?
A. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.
B. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.
C. The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory's predictions have been found to be accurate.
D. A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.
E. A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory's predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory's competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.
Question: Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?
A. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.
B. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.
C. The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory's predictions have been found to be accurate.
D. A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.
E. A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.
Answer:
|
Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory's predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory's competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.
Question: Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?
A. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.
B. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.
C. The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory's predictions have been found to be accurate.
D. A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.
E. A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.
Answer:
|
Some scientists have expressed reservations about quantum theory because of its counterintuitive consequences. But despite rigorous attempts to show that quantum theory's predictions were inaccurate, they were shown to be accurate within the generally accepted statistical margin of error. These results, which have not been equaled by quantum theory's competitors, warrant acceptance of quantum theory.
Question: Which one of the following principles most helps to justify the reasoning above?
A. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has fewer counterintuitive consequences than do its competitors.
B. A scientific theory should be accepted if it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it and has withstood all of them.
C. The consequences of a scientific theory should not be considered counterintuitive if the theory's predictions have been found to be accurate.
D. A theory should not be rejected until it has been subjected to serious attempts to disprove it.
E. A theory should be accepted only if its predictions have not been disproved by experiment.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:90
|
|
421 |
Ethicist: The general principle-if one ought to do something then one can do it-does not always hold true. This may be seen by considering an example. Suppose, someone promises to meet a friend at a certain time, but-because of an unforeseen traffic jam-it is impossible to do so.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the ethicist's argument?
A. If a person failed to do something she or he ought to have done, then that person failed to do something that.she or he promised to do.
B. Only an event like an unforeseen.traffic jam could excuse a person from the obligation to keep a promise.
C. If there is something that a.person ought not do, then it is something that that person is capable of not doing.
D. The obligation created by a promise is not relieved by the fact that the promise cannot be kept.
E. If an event like an unforeseen traffic jam interferes with someone's keeping a promise, then that person should not have made the promise to begin with.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Ethicist: The general principle-if one ought to do something then one can do it-does not always hold true. This may be seen by considering an example. Suppose, someone promises to meet a friend at a certain time, but-because of an unforeseen traffic jam-it is impossible to do so.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the ethicist's argument?
A. If a person failed to do something she or he ought to have done, then that person failed to do something that.she or he promised to do.
B. Only an event like an unforeseen.traffic jam could excuse a person from the obligation to keep a promise.
C. If there is something that a.person ought not do, then it is something that that person is capable of not doing.
D. The obligation created by a promise is not relieved by the fact that the promise cannot be kept.
E. If an event like an unforeseen traffic jam interferes with someone's keeping a promise, then that person should not have made the promise to begin with.
Answer:
|
Ethicist: The general principle-if one ought to do something then one can do it-does not always hold true. This may be seen by considering an example. Suppose, someone promises to meet a friend at a certain time, but-because of an unforeseen traffic jam-it is impossible to do so.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the ethicist's argument?
A. If a person failed to do something she or he ought to have done, then that person failed to do something that.she or he promised to do.
B. Only an event like an unforeseen.traffic jam could excuse a person from the obligation to keep a promise.
C. If there is something that a.person ought not do, then it is something that that person is capable of not doing.
D. The obligation created by a promise is not relieved by the fact that the promise cannot be kept.
E. If an event like an unforeseen traffic jam interferes with someone's keeping a promise, then that person should not have made the promise to begin with.
Answer:
|
Ethicist: The general principle-if one ought to do something then one can do it-does not always hold true. This may be seen by considering an example. Suppose, someone promises to meet a friend at a certain time, but-because of an unforeseen traffic jam-it is impossible to do so.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the ethicist's argument?
A. If a person failed to do something she or he ought to have done, then that person failed to do something that.she or he promised to do.
B. Only an event like an unforeseen.traffic jam could excuse a person from the obligation to keep a promise.
C. If there is something that a.person ought not do, then it is something that that person is capable of not doing.
D. The obligation created by a promise is not relieved by the fact that the promise cannot be kept.
E. If an event like an unforeseen traffic jam interferes with someone's keeping a promise, then that person should not have made the promise to begin with.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:421
|
|
373 |
City leader: If our city adopts the new tourism plan, the amount of money that tourists spend here annually will increase by at least $2 billion, creating as many jobs as a new automobile manufacturing plant would. It would be reasonable for the city to spend the amount of money necessary to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant here, but adopting the tourism plan would cost less.
Question: The city leader's statements, if true, provide the most support for which one of the following
A. The city should implement the least expensive job creation measures available.
B. In general, it is reasonable for the city to spend money to try to convince manufacturing companies to build plants in the city.
C. The city cannot afford both to spend money to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant in the city and to adopt the new tourism plan.
D. It would be reasonable for the city to adopt the new tourism plan.
E. The only way the city can create jobs is by increasing tourism.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
City leader: If our city adopts the new tourism plan, the amount of money that tourists spend here annually will increase by at least $2 billion, creating as many jobs as a new automobile manufacturing plant would. It would be reasonable for the city to spend the amount of money necessary to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant here, but adopting the tourism plan would cost less.
Question: The city leader's statements, if true, provide the most support for which one of the following
A. The city should implement the least expensive job creation measures available.
B. In general, it is reasonable for the city to spend money to try to convince manufacturing companies to build plants in the city.
C. The city cannot afford both to spend money to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant in the city and to adopt the new tourism plan.
D. It would be reasonable for the city to adopt the new tourism plan.
E. The only way the city can create jobs is by increasing tourism.
Answer:
|
City leader: If our city adopts the new tourism plan, the amount of money that tourists spend here annually will increase by at least $2 billion, creating as many jobs as a new automobile manufacturing plant would. It would be reasonable for the city to spend the amount of money necessary to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant here, but adopting the tourism plan would cost less.
Question: The city leader's statements, if true, provide the most support for which one of the following
A. The city should implement the least expensive job creation measures available.
B. In general, it is reasonable for the city to spend money to try to convince manufacturing companies to build plants in the city.
C. The city cannot afford both to spend money to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant in the city and to adopt the new tourism plan.
D. It would be reasonable for the city to adopt the new tourism plan.
E. The only way the city can create jobs is by increasing tourism.
Answer:
|
City leader: If our city adopts the new tourism plan, the amount of money that tourists spend here annually will increase by at least $2 billion, creating as many jobs as a new automobile manufacturing plant would. It would be reasonable for the city to spend the amount of money necessary to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant here, but adopting the tourism plan would cost less.
Question: The city leader's statements, if true, provide the most support for which one of the following
A. The city should implement the least expensive job creation measures available.
B. In general, it is reasonable for the city to spend money to try to convince manufacturing companies to build plants in the city.
C. The city cannot afford both to spend money to convince an automobile manufacturer to build a plant in the city and to adopt the new tourism plan.
D. It would be reasonable for the city to adopt the new tourism plan.
E. The only way the city can create jobs is by increasing tourism.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:373
|
|
165 |
Brooks: I'm unhappy in my job, but I don't know whether I can accept the risks involved in quitting my job. Morgenstern: The only risk in quitting is that of not finding another job. If you don't find one, you're going to be pretty unhappy. But you're already unhappy, so you might as well just quit.
Question: Morgenstern's argument is flawed in that it
A. fails to take into account that unhappiness can vary in intensity or significance
B. relies on an assumption that is tantamount to assuming that the conclusion is true
C. mischaracterize what Brooks says
D. conllates two different types of risk
E. reaches a generalization on the basis of a single case
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Brooks: I'm unhappy in my job, but I don't know whether I can accept the risks involved in quitting my job. Morgenstern: The only risk in quitting is that of not finding another job. If you don't find one, you're going to be pretty unhappy. But you're already unhappy, so you might as well just quit.
Question: Morgenstern's argument is flawed in that it
A. fails to take into account that unhappiness can vary in intensity or significance
B. relies on an assumption that is tantamount to assuming that the conclusion is true
C. mischaracterize what Brooks says
D. conllates two different types of risk
E. reaches a generalization on the basis of a single case
Answer:
|
Brooks: I'm unhappy in my job, but I don't know whether I can accept the risks involved in quitting my job. Morgenstern: The only risk in quitting is that of not finding another job. If you don't find one, you're going to be pretty unhappy. But you're already unhappy, so you might as well just quit.
Question: Morgenstern's argument is flawed in that it
A. fails to take into account that unhappiness can vary in intensity or significance
B. relies on an assumption that is tantamount to assuming that the conclusion is true
C. mischaracterize what Brooks says
D. conllates two different types of risk
E. reaches a generalization on the basis of a single case
Answer:
|
Brooks: I'm unhappy in my job, but I don't know whether I can accept the risks involved in quitting my job. Morgenstern: The only risk in quitting is that of not finding another job. If you don't find one, you're going to be pretty unhappy. But you're already unhappy, so you might as well just quit.
Question: Morgenstern's argument is flawed in that it
A. fails to take into account that unhappiness can vary in intensity or significance
B. relies on an assumption that is tantamount to assuming that the conclusion is true
C. mischaracterize what Brooks says
D. conllates two different types of risk
E. reaches a generalization on the basis of a single case
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:165
|
|
502 |
Employee: The company I work for has installed website filtering software that blocks access to non-work-related websites. It claims that being able to visit such sites distracts us, keeping us from doing our best work. But offices that have windows or are nicely decorated can be highly distracting too, and no one claims that people do their best work in an undecorated, windowless room.
Question: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the employee's argument?
A. Some people advocate moderation in all things. But different people react differently to certain substances, so what counts as a moderate amount of, say, caffeine for you might be too much for me. So to talk about moderation is to fail to take into account people's basic biological differences.
B. Activists are calling for an electronic device to be banned, for research has shown that prolonged exposure to the device while it is in use causes cancer in laboratory animals. But most chemicals probably cause cancer when administered in very high doses, yet no one would argue that we should ban all these chemicals for that reason.
C. Acme expects that approximately 1,000 of its employees will retire over the next year. No one would claim that Acme does not need a work force as large as its present one. So Acme will need to hire approximately 1,000 people over the next year.
D. In many creative writing classes, aspiring writers are told that if the characters they create are not engaging, their novels and stories will not sell. But this does not mean that engaging characters guarantee a sale-publishers and agents often reject manuscripts that emphasize character to the exclusion of other elements.
E. In the movie industry, a film's success is judged in terms of its profit relative to its cost. This is misguided, because under this criterion an expensive movie that sells just as many tickets as a lower-budget movie would be less successful than the lower-budget movie, which is clearly counter intuitive.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
Employee: The company I work for has installed website filtering software that blocks access to non-work-related websites. It claims that being able to visit such sites distracts us, keeping us from doing our best work. But offices that have windows or are nicely decorated can be highly distracting too, and no one claims that people do their best work in an undecorated, windowless room.
Question: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the employee's argument?
A. Some people advocate moderation in all things. But different people react differently to certain substances, so what counts as a moderate amount of, say, caffeine for you might be too much for me. So to talk about moderation is to fail to take into account people's basic biological differences.
B. Activists are calling for an electronic device to be banned, for research has shown that prolonged exposure to the device while it is in use causes cancer in laboratory animals. But most chemicals probably cause cancer when administered in very high doses, yet no one would argue that we should ban all these chemicals for that reason.
C. Acme expects that approximately 1,000 of its employees will retire over the next year. No one would claim that Acme does not need a work force as large as its present one. So Acme will need to hire approximately 1,000 people over the next year.
D. In many creative writing classes, aspiring writers are told that if the characters they create are not engaging, their novels and stories will not sell. But this does not mean that engaging characters guarantee a sale-publishers and agents often reject manuscripts that emphasize character to the exclusion of other elements.
E. In the movie industry, a film's success is judged in terms of its profit relative to its cost. This is misguided, because under this criterion an expensive movie that sells just as many tickets as a lower-budget movie would be less successful than the lower-budget movie, which is clearly counter intuitive.
Answer:
|
Employee: The company I work for has installed website filtering software that blocks access to non-work-related websites. It claims that being able to visit such sites distracts us, keeping us from doing our best work. But offices that have windows or are nicely decorated can be highly distracting too, and no one claims that people do their best work in an undecorated, windowless room.
Question: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the employee's argument?
A. Some people advocate moderation in all things. But different people react differently to certain substances, so what counts as a moderate amount of, say, caffeine for you might be too much for me. So to talk about moderation is to fail to take into account people's basic biological differences.
B. Activists are calling for an electronic device to be banned, for research has shown that prolonged exposure to the device while it is in use causes cancer in laboratory animals. But most chemicals probably cause cancer when administered in very high doses, yet no one would argue that we should ban all these chemicals for that reason.
C. Acme expects that approximately 1,000 of its employees will retire over the next year. No one would claim that Acme does not need a work force as large as its present one. So Acme will need to hire approximately 1,000 people over the next year.
D. In many creative writing classes, aspiring writers are told that if the characters they create are not engaging, their novels and stories will not sell. But this does not mean that engaging characters guarantee a sale-publishers and agents often reject manuscripts that emphasize character to the exclusion of other elements.
E. In the movie industry, a film's success is judged in terms of its profit relative to its cost. This is misguided, because under this criterion an expensive movie that sells just as many tickets as a lower-budget movie would be less successful than the lower-budget movie, which is clearly counter intuitive.
Answer:
|
Employee: The company I work for has installed website filtering software that blocks access to non-work-related websites. It claims that being able to visit such sites distracts us, keeping us from doing our best work. But offices that have windows or are nicely decorated can be highly distracting too, and no one claims that people do their best work in an undecorated, windowless room.
Question: Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the employee's argument?
A. Some people advocate moderation in all things. But different people react differently to certain substances, so what counts as a moderate amount of, say, caffeine for you might be too much for me. So to talk about moderation is to fail to take into account people's basic biological differences.
B. Activists are calling for an electronic device to be banned, for research has shown that prolonged exposure to the device while it is in use causes cancer in laboratory animals. But most chemicals probably cause cancer when administered in very high doses, yet no one would argue that we should ban all these chemicals for that reason.
C. Acme expects that approximately 1,000 of its employees will retire over the next year. No one would claim that Acme does not need a work force as large as its present one. So Acme will need to hire approximately 1,000 people over the next year.
D. In many creative writing classes, aspiring writers are told that if the characters they create are not engaging, their novels and stories will not sell. But this does not mean that engaging characters guarantee a sale-publishers and agents often reject manuscripts that emphasize character to the exclusion of other elements.
E. In the movie industry, a film's success is judged in terms of its profit relative to its cost. This is misguided, because under this criterion an expensive movie that sells just as many tickets as a lower-budget movie would be less successful than the lower-budget movie, which is clearly counter intuitive.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:502
|
|
228 |
If squirrels eat from a bird feeder, it will not attract many birds. However, squirrels eat from a bird feeder only if it lacks a protective cover. So a bird feeder will not attract many birds if it does not have a protective cover.
Question: The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following arguments?
A. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely, and if a tire wears out prematurely, a likely cause is that the pressure was too low. So if a car owner checks the tire pressure regularly, the tires will not wear out prematurely.
B. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low only if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. So a tire will wear out prematurely if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly.
C. Tires wear out prematurely if car owners neglect to check the tire pressure regularly. Unless car owners are unaware of this fact, they check the tire pressure regularly. So car owners need to be made aware of the consequences of neglecting to check the tire pressure.
D. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. Therefore, if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly, a tire will wear out prematurely.
E. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But it will also wear out prematurely if it is often driven on gravel roads. Therefore, if a tire is often driven on gravel roads, keeping its pressure from becoming too low will not help it to last longer.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 1 |
If squirrels eat from a bird feeder, it will not attract many birds. However, squirrels eat from a bird feeder only if it lacks a protective cover. So a bird feeder will not attract many birds if it does not have a protective cover.
Question: The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following arguments?
A. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely, and if a tire wears out prematurely, a likely cause is that the pressure was too low. So if a car owner checks the tire pressure regularly, the tires will not wear out prematurely.
B. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low only if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. So a tire will wear out prematurely if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly.
C. Tires wear out prematurely if car owners neglect to check the tire pressure regularly. Unless car owners are unaware of this fact, they check the tire pressure regularly. So car owners need to be made aware of the consequences of neglecting to check the tire pressure.
D. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. Therefore, if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly, a tire will wear out prematurely.
E. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But it will also wear out prematurely if it is often driven on gravel roads. Therefore, if a tire is often driven on gravel roads, keeping its pressure from becoming too low will not help it to last longer.
Answer:
|
If squirrels eat from a bird feeder, it will not attract many birds. However, squirrels eat from a bird feeder only if it lacks a protective cover. So a bird feeder will not attract many birds if it does not have a protective cover.
Question: The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following arguments?
A. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely, and if a tire wears out prematurely, a likely cause is that the pressure was too low. So if a car owner checks the tire pressure regularly, the tires will not wear out prematurely.
B. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low only if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. So a tire will wear out prematurely if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly.
C. Tires wear out prematurely if car owners neglect to check the tire pressure regularly. Unless car owners are unaware of this fact, they check the tire pressure regularly. So car owners need to be made aware of the consequences of neglecting to check the tire pressure.
D. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. Therefore, if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly, a tire will wear out prematurely.
E. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But it will also wear out prematurely if it is often driven on gravel roads. Therefore, if a tire is often driven on gravel roads, keeping its pressure from becoming too low will not help it to last longer.
Answer:
|
If squirrels eat from a bird feeder, it will not attract many birds. However, squirrels eat from a bird feeder only if it lacks a protective cover. So a bird feeder will not attract many birds if it does not have a protective cover.
Question: The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following arguments?
A. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely, and if a tire wears out prematurely, a likely cause is that the pressure was too low. So if a car owner checks the tire pressure regularly, the tires will not wear out prematurely.
B. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low only if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. So a tire will wear out prematurely if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly.
C. Tires wear out prematurely if car owners neglect to check the tire pressure regularly. Unless car owners are unaware of this fact, they check the tire pressure regularly. So car owners need to be made aware of the consequences of neglecting to check the tire pressure.
D. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. Therefore, if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly, a tire will wear out prematurely.
E. If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But it will also wear out prematurely if it is often driven on gravel roads. Therefore, if a tire is often driven on gravel roads, keeping its pressure from becoming too low will not help it to last longer.
Answer: B
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:228
|
|
272 |
Field studies, which have long been a staple of anthropological research, involve the researcher living within the community being studied. However, the usefulness of field studies tends to be overrated by anthropologists. Although most anthropologists do realize that living within the community one is studying affects that community, they generally underestimate the extent of such effects.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. Anthropologists tend to overestimate the value of field studies.
B. In a field study, the researcher lives within the community being studied.
C. Field studies have been a central feature of anthropological research for a long time.
D. Most anthropologists know that when they live within a community being studied, the community is affected at least somewhat.
E. Most anthropologists underestimate how much of an effect the researcher's presence has on a community being studied.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Field studies, which have long been a staple of anthropological research, involve the researcher living within the community being studied. However, the usefulness of field studies tends to be overrated by anthropologists. Although most anthropologists do realize that living within the community one is studying affects that community, they generally underestimate the extent of such effects.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. Anthropologists tend to overestimate the value of field studies.
B. In a field study, the researcher lives within the community being studied.
C. Field studies have been a central feature of anthropological research for a long time.
D. Most anthropologists know that when they live within a community being studied, the community is affected at least somewhat.
E. Most anthropologists underestimate how much of an effect the researcher's presence has on a community being studied.
Answer:
|
Field studies, which have long been a staple of anthropological research, involve the researcher living within the community being studied. However, the usefulness of field studies tends to be overrated by anthropologists. Although most anthropologists do realize that living within the community one is studying affects that community, they generally underestimate the extent of such effects.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. Anthropologists tend to overestimate the value of field studies.
B. In a field study, the researcher lives within the community being studied.
C. Field studies have been a central feature of anthropological research for a long time.
D. Most anthropologists know that when they live within a community being studied, the community is affected at least somewhat.
E. Most anthropologists underestimate how much of an effect the researcher's presence has on a community being studied.
Answer:
|
Field studies, which have long been a staple of anthropological research, involve the researcher living within the community being studied. However, the usefulness of field studies tends to be overrated by anthropologists. Although most anthropologists do realize that living within the community one is studying affects that community, they generally underestimate the extent of such effects.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in the argument?
A. Anthropologists tend to overestimate the value of field studies.
B. In a field study, the researcher lives within the community being studied.
C. Field studies have been a central feature of anthropological research for a long time.
D. Most anthropologists know that when they live within a community being studied, the community is affected at least somewhat.
E. Most anthropologists underestimate how much of an effect the researcher's presence has on a community being studied.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:272
|
|
409 |
In 1893, an excavation led by Wilhelm Dorpfeld uncovered an ancient city he believed to be Troy, the site of the war described in Homer's epic poem the Iliad. But that belief cannot be correct. In the Iliad, the Trojan War lasted ten years, but a city as small as the one uncovered by Dorpfeld's team could not have withstood a siege lasting ten years.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
A. In 1 893, scholars knew of no other ancient city that could have been Troy.
B. The Iliad does not provide any clues about the specific location of Troy.
C. Dorpfeld's team found no evidence in the city they excavated that a siege had occurred there.
D. The city excavated by Dorpfeld's team had many features that scholars of the time believed Troy had.
E. The Iliad accurately represents the duration of the Trojan War
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
In 1893, an excavation led by Wilhelm Dorpfeld uncovered an ancient city he believed to be Troy, the site of the war described in Homer's epic poem the Iliad. But that belief cannot be correct. In the Iliad, the Trojan War lasted ten years, but a city as small as the one uncovered by Dorpfeld's team could not have withstood a siege lasting ten years.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
A. In 1 893, scholars knew of no other ancient city that could have been Troy.
B. The Iliad does not provide any clues about the specific location of Troy.
C. Dorpfeld's team found no evidence in the city they excavated that a siege had occurred there.
D. The city excavated by Dorpfeld's team had many features that scholars of the time believed Troy had.
E. The Iliad accurately represents the duration of the Trojan War
Answer:
|
In 1893, an excavation led by Wilhelm Dorpfeld uncovered an ancient city he believed to be Troy, the site of the war described in Homer's epic poem the Iliad. But that belief cannot be correct. In the Iliad, the Trojan War lasted ten years, but a city as small as the one uncovered by Dorpfeld's team could not have withstood a siege lasting ten years.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
A. In 1 893, scholars knew of no other ancient city that could have been Troy.
B. The Iliad does not provide any clues about the specific location of Troy.
C. Dorpfeld's team found no evidence in the city they excavated that a siege had occurred there.
D. The city excavated by Dorpfeld's team had many features that scholars of the time believed Troy had.
E. The Iliad accurately represents the duration of the Trojan War
Answer:
|
In 1893, an excavation led by Wilhelm Dorpfeld uncovered an ancient city he believed to be Troy, the site of the war described in Homer's epic poem the Iliad. But that belief cannot be correct. In the Iliad, the Trojan War lasted ten years, but a city as small as the one uncovered by Dorpfeld's team could not have withstood a siege lasting ten years.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
A. In 1 893, scholars knew of no other ancient city that could have been Troy.
B. The Iliad does not provide any clues about the specific location of Troy.
C. Dorpfeld's team found no evidence in the city they excavated that a siege had occurred there.
D. The city excavated by Dorpfeld's team had many features that scholars of the time believed Troy had.
E. The Iliad accurately represents the duration of the Trojan War
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:409
|
|
408 |
Grecia: The survey that we are conducting needs to track employment status by age, so respondents should be asked to indicate their age. Hidalgo: We don't need results that provide employment status figures for every single age. So we should instead ask respondents merely to identify the age range that they fall into.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most justifies Hidalgo's stance?
A. Surveys gathering information for a specific purpose should not collect more detailed personal information than is necessary to achieve the purpose.
B. Survey respondents should not be asked a particular question if they are unlikely to answer accurately.
C. Sensitive personal information should be gathered only if a secure means of storing that information is available.
D. Surveys should be allowed to gather any information that might be needed to meet their purposes.
E. Surveys should gather detailed personal information only if survey respondents are first told about how that information will be used.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Grecia: The survey that we are conducting needs to track employment status by age, so respondents should be asked to indicate their age. Hidalgo: We don't need results that provide employment status figures for every single age. So we should instead ask respondents merely to identify the age range that they fall into.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most justifies Hidalgo's stance?
A. Surveys gathering information for a specific purpose should not collect more detailed personal information than is necessary to achieve the purpose.
B. Survey respondents should not be asked a particular question if they are unlikely to answer accurately.
C. Sensitive personal information should be gathered only if a secure means of storing that information is available.
D. Surveys should be allowed to gather any information that might be needed to meet their purposes.
E. Surveys should gather detailed personal information only if survey respondents are first told about how that information will be used.
Answer:
|
Grecia: The survey that we are conducting needs to track employment status by age, so respondents should be asked to indicate their age. Hidalgo: We don't need results that provide employment status figures for every single age. So we should instead ask respondents merely to identify the age range that they fall into.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most justifies Hidalgo's stance?
A. Surveys gathering information for a specific purpose should not collect more detailed personal information than is necessary to achieve the purpose.
B. Survey respondents should not be asked a particular question if they are unlikely to answer accurately.
C. Sensitive personal information should be gathered only if a secure means of storing that information is available.
D. Surveys should be allowed to gather any information that might be needed to meet their purposes.
E. Surveys should gather detailed personal information only if survey respondents are first told about how that information will be used.
Answer:
|
Grecia: The survey that we are conducting needs to track employment status by age, so respondents should be asked to indicate their age. Hidalgo: We don't need results that provide employment status figures for every single age. So we should instead ask respondents merely to identify the age range that they fall into.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most justifies Hidalgo's stance?
A. Surveys gathering information for a specific purpose should not collect more detailed personal information than is necessary to achieve the purpose.
B. Survey respondents should not be asked a particular question if they are unlikely to answer accurately.
C. Sensitive personal information should be gathered only if a secure means of storing that information is available.
D. Surveys should be allowed to gather any information that might be needed to meet their purposes.
E. Surveys should gather detailed personal information only if survey respondents are first told about how that information will be used.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:408
|
|
233 |
Over the last few decades, public outcries against pollution have brought about stricter regulations of emissions. The cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago now have greatly improved air quality. This would not have happened without these stricter regulations.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
A. In the city with the worst air pollution today, the air quality is better than it was 30 years ago.
B. No city has worse air pollution today than it did 30 years ago.
C. Most of the public outcries against pollution came from people in the cities that had the most polluted air.
D. The most polluted cities today are not the cities that were the most polluted 30 years ago.
E. Public criticism led to an improvement in the air quality of the cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Over the last few decades, public outcries against pollution have brought about stricter regulations of emissions. The cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago now have greatly improved air quality. This would not have happened without these stricter regulations.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
A. In the city with the worst air pollution today, the air quality is better than it was 30 years ago.
B. No city has worse air pollution today than it did 30 years ago.
C. Most of the public outcries against pollution came from people in the cities that had the most polluted air.
D. The most polluted cities today are not the cities that were the most polluted 30 years ago.
E. Public criticism led to an improvement in the air quality of the cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago.
Answer:
|
Over the last few decades, public outcries against pollution have brought about stricter regulations of emissions. The cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago now have greatly improved air quality. This would not have happened without these stricter regulations.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
A. In the city with the worst air pollution today, the air quality is better than it was 30 years ago.
B. No city has worse air pollution today than it did 30 years ago.
C. Most of the public outcries against pollution came from people in the cities that had the most polluted air.
D. The most polluted cities today are not the cities that were the most polluted 30 years ago.
E. Public criticism led to an improvement in the air quality of the cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago.
Answer:
|
Over the last few decades, public outcries against pollution have brought about stricter regulations of emissions. The cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago now have greatly improved air quality. This would not have happened without these stricter regulations.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
A. In the city with the worst air pollution today, the air quality is better than it was 30 years ago.
B. No city has worse air pollution today than it did 30 years ago.
C. Most of the public outcries against pollution came from people in the cities that had the most polluted air.
D. The most polluted cities today are not the cities that were the most polluted 30 years ago.
E. Public criticism led to an improvement in the air quality of the cities that had the most polluted air 30 years ago.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:233
|
|
204 |
Technician: Laboratory mice that are used for research aimed at improving human health are usually kept in small cages. Such an environment is neither normal nor healthy for mice. Moreover, the reliability of research using animals is diminished if those animals are not in an environment that is normal for them.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the technician's statements?
A. The conditions under which laboratory mice are kept are not likely to change in the near future.
B. If laboratory mice were kept under better conditions, it would be appropriate to use them for research aimed at improving human health.
C. Research using laboratory mice that is aimed at improving human health is compromised by the conditions under which the mice are kept.
D. Those who conduct research aimed at improving human health will develop new research techniques.
E. Laboratory mice that are used for research that is not directly related to human health are not usually kept in small cages.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Technician: Laboratory mice that are used for research aimed at improving human health are usually kept in small cages. Such an environment is neither normal nor healthy for mice. Moreover, the reliability of research using animals is diminished if those animals are not in an environment that is normal for them.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the technician's statements?
A. The conditions under which laboratory mice are kept are not likely to change in the near future.
B. If laboratory mice were kept under better conditions, it would be appropriate to use them for research aimed at improving human health.
C. Research using laboratory mice that is aimed at improving human health is compromised by the conditions under which the mice are kept.
D. Those who conduct research aimed at improving human health will develop new research techniques.
E. Laboratory mice that are used for research that is not directly related to human health are not usually kept in small cages.
Answer:
|
Technician: Laboratory mice that are used for research aimed at improving human health are usually kept in small cages. Such an environment is neither normal nor healthy for mice. Moreover, the reliability of research using animals is diminished if those animals are not in an environment that is normal for them.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the technician's statements?
A. The conditions under which laboratory mice are kept are not likely to change in the near future.
B. If laboratory mice were kept under better conditions, it would be appropriate to use them for research aimed at improving human health.
C. Research using laboratory mice that is aimed at improving human health is compromised by the conditions under which the mice are kept.
D. Those who conduct research aimed at improving human health will develop new research techniques.
E. Laboratory mice that are used for research that is not directly related to human health are not usually kept in small cages.
Answer:
|
Technician: Laboratory mice that are used for research aimed at improving human health are usually kept in small cages. Such an environment is neither normal nor healthy for mice. Moreover, the reliability of research using animals is diminished if those animals are not in an environment that is normal for them.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the technician's statements?
A. The conditions under which laboratory mice are kept are not likely to change in the near future.
B. If laboratory mice were kept under better conditions, it would be appropriate to use them for research aimed at improving human health.
C. Research using laboratory mice that is aimed at improving human health is compromised by the conditions under which the mice are kept.
D. Those who conduct research aimed at improving human health will develop new research techniques.
E. Laboratory mice that are used for research that is not directly related to human health are not usually kept in small cages.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:204
|
|
353 |
The constitution of Country F requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must sell that entity for the highest price it can command on the open market. The constitution also requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must ensure that citizens of Country F will have majority ownership of the resulting company for at least one year after the sale.
Question: The government of Country F must violate at least one of the constitutional requirements described above if it is faced with which one of the following situations?
A. The government will sell StateAir, a state-owned airline. The highest bid received was from a corporation that was owned entirely by citizens of Country F when the bid was received. Shortly after the bid was received, however, noncitizens purchased a minority share in the corporation.
B. The government has agreed to sell National Silver, a state-owned mine, to a corporation. Although citizens of Country F have majority ownership of the corporation, most of the corporation's operations and sales take place in other countries.
C. The government will sell PetroNat, a state-owned oil company. World Oil Company has made one of the highest offers for PetroNat, but World Oil's ownership structure is so complex that the government cannot determine whether citizens of Country F have majority ownership.
D. The government will sell National Telephone, a state-owned utility. The highest bid received was from a company in which citizens of Country F have majority ownership but noncitizens own a minority share. However, the second-highest bid, from a consortium of investors all of whom are citizens of Country F, was almost as high as the highest bid.
E. The government will sell StateRail, a state-owned railway. The government must place significant restrictions on who can purchase StateRail to ensure that citizens of Country F will gain majority ownership. However, any such restrictions will reduce the price the government receives for StateRail.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
The constitution of Country F requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must sell that entity for the highest price it can command on the open market. The constitution also requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must ensure that citizens of Country F will have majority ownership of the resulting company for at least one year after the sale.
Question: The government of Country F must violate at least one of the constitutional requirements described above if it is faced with which one of the following situations?
A. The government will sell StateAir, a state-owned airline. The highest bid received was from a corporation that was owned entirely by citizens of Country F when the bid was received. Shortly after the bid was received, however, noncitizens purchased a minority share in the corporation.
B. The government has agreed to sell National Silver, a state-owned mine, to a corporation. Although citizens of Country F have majority ownership of the corporation, most of the corporation's operations and sales take place in other countries.
C. The government will sell PetroNat, a state-owned oil company. World Oil Company has made one of the highest offers for PetroNat, but World Oil's ownership structure is so complex that the government cannot determine whether citizens of Country F have majority ownership.
D. The government will sell National Telephone, a state-owned utility. The highest bid received was from a company in which citizens of Country F have majority ownership but noncitizens own a minority share. However, the second-highest bid, from a consortium of investors all of whom are citizens of Country F, was almost as high as the highest bid.
E. The government will sell StateRail, a state-owned railway. The government must place significant restrictions on who can purchase StateRail to ensure that citizens of Country F will gain majority ownership. However, any such restrictions will reduce the price the government receives for StateRail.
Answer:
|
The constitution of Country F requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must sell that entity for the highest price it can command on the open market. The constitution also requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must ensure that citizens of Country F will have majority ownership of the resulting company for at least one year after the sale.
Question: The government of Country F must violate at least one of the constitutional requirements described above if it is faced with which one of the following situations?
A. The government will sell StateAir, a state-owned airline. The highest bid received was from a corporation that was owned entirely by citizens of Country F when the bid was received. Shortly after the bid was received, however, noncitizens purchased a minority share in the corporation.
B. The government has agreed to sell National Silver, a state-owned mine, to a corporation. Although citizens of Country F have majority ownership of the corporation, most of the corporation's operations and sales take place in other countries.
C. The government will sell PetroNat, a state-owned oil company. World Oil Company has made one of the highest offers for PetroNat, but World Oil's ownership structure is so complex that the government cannot determine whether citizens of Country F have majority ownership.
D. The government will sell National Telephone, a state-owned utility. The highest bid received was from a company in which citizens of Country F have majority ownership but noncitizens own a minority share. However, the second-highest bid, from a consortium of investors all of whom are citizens of Country F, was almost as high as the highest bid.
E. The government will sell StateRail, a state-owned railway. The government must place significant restrictions on who can purchase StateRail to ensure that citizens of Country F will gain majority ownership. However, any such restrictions will reduce the price the government receives for StateRail.
Answer:
|
The constitution of Country F requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must sell that entity for the highest price it can command on the open market. The constitution also requires that whenever the government sells a state-owned entity, it must ensure that citizens of Country F will have majority ownership of the resulting company for at least one year after the sale.
Question: The government of Country F must violate at least one of the constitutional requirements described above if it is faced with which one of the following situations?
A. The government will sell StateAir, a state-owned airline. The highest bid received was from a corporation that was owned entirely by citizens of Country F when the bid was received. Shortly after the bid was received, however, noncitizens purchased a minority share in the corporation.
B. The government has agreed to sell National Silver, a state-owned mine, to a corporation. Although citizens of Country F have majority ownership of the corporation, most of the corporation's operations and sales take place in other countries.
C. The government will sell PetroNat, a state-owned oil company. World Oil Company has made one of the highest offers for PetroNat, but World Oil's ownership structure is so complex that the government cannot determine whether citizens of Country F have majority ownership.
D. The government will sell National Telephone, a state-owned utility. The highest bid received was from a company in which citizens of Country F have majority ownership but noncitizens own a minority share. However, the second-highest bid, from a consortium of investors all of whom are citizens of Country F, was almost as high as the highest bid.
E. The government will sell StateRail, a state-owned railway. The government must place significant restrictions on who can purchase StateRail to ensure that citizens of Country F will gain majority ownership. However, any such restrictions will reduce the price the government receives for StateRail.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:353
|
|
37 |
Harrold Foods is attempting to dominate the soft-drink market by promoting "Hero," its most popular carbonated drink product, with a costly new advertising campaign. But survey results show that, in the opinion of 72 percent of all consumers, "Hero" already dominates the market. Since any product with more than 50 percent of the sales in a market is, by definition, dominant in that market, Harrold Foods dominates the market now and need only maintain its current market share in order to continue to do so.
Question: The argument commits which one of the following errors in reasoning?
A. failing to exclude the possibility that what appears to be the result of a given market condition may in fact be the cause of that condition
B. mistaking a condition required if a certain result is to obtain for a condition that by itself is sufficient to guarantee that result
C. treating the failure to establish that a certain claim is false as equivalent to a demonstration that that claim is true
D. taking evidence that a claim is believed to be true to constitute evidence that the claim is in fact true
E. describing survey results that were obtained in the past as if they are bound to obtain in the future as well
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Harrold Foods is attempting to dominate the soft-drink market by promoting "Hero," its most popular carbonated drink product, with a costly new advertising campaign. But survey results show that, in the opinion of 72 percent of all consumers, "Hero" already dominates the market. Since any product with more than 50 percent of the sales in a market is, by definition, dominant in that market, Harrold Foods dominates the market now and need only maintain its current market share in order to continue to do so.
Question: The argument commits which one of the following errors in reasoning?
A. failing to exclude the possibility that what appears to be the result of a given market condition may in fact be the cause of that condition
B. mistaking a condition required if a certain result is to obtain for a condition that by itself is sufficient to guarantee that result
C. treating the failure to establish that a certain claim is false as equivalent to a demonstration that that claim is true
D. taking evidence that a claim is believed to be true to constitute evidence that the claim is in fact true
E. describing survey results that were obtained in the past as if they are bound to obtain in the future as well
Answer:
|
Harrold Foods is attempting to dominate the soft-drink market by promoting "Hero," its most popular carbonated drink product, with a costly new advertising campaign. But survey results show that, in the opinion of 72 percent of all consumers, "Hero" already dominates the market. Since any product with more than 50 percent of the sales in a market is, by definition, dominant in that market, Harrold Foods dominates the market now and need only maintain its current market share in order to continue to do so.
Question: The argument commits which one of the following errors in reasoning?
A. failing to exclude the possibility that what appears to be the result of a given market condition may in fact be the cause of that condition
B. mistaking a condition required if a certain result is to obtain for a condition that by itself is sufficient to guarantee that result
C. treating the failure to establish that a certain claim is false as equivalent to a demonstration that that claim is true
D. taking evidence that a claim is believed to be true to constitute evidence that the claim is in fact true
E. describing survey results that were obtained in the past as if they are bound to obtain in the future as well
Answer:
|
Harrold Foods is attempting to dominate the soft-drink market by promoting "Hero," its most popular carbonated drink product, with a costly new advertising campaign. But survey results show that, in the opinion of 72 percent of all consumers, "Hero" already dominates the market. Since any product with more than 50 percent of the sales in a market is, by definition, dominant in that market, Harrold Foods dominates the market now and need only maintain its current market share in order to continue to do so.
Question: The argument commits which one of the following errors in reasoning?
A. failing to exclude the possibility that what appears to be the result of a given market condition may in fact be the cause of that condition
B. mistaking a condition required if a certain result is to obtain for a condition that by itself is sufficient to guarantee that result
C. treating the failure to establish that a certain claim is false as equivalent to a demonstration that that claim is true
D. taking evidence that a claim is believed to be true to constitute evidence that the claim is in fact true
E. describing survey results that were obtained in the past as if they are bound to obtain in the future as well
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:37
|
|
387 |
Scholar: Recently, some religions have updated the language of their traditional texts and replaced traditional rituals with more contemporary ones. These changes have been followed by increases in attendance at places of worship affiliated with these religions. This shows that any such modernization will result in increased numbers of worshipers.
Question: The scholar's reasoning is flawed because the scholar presumes without giving sufficient justification that
A. not every religion can update its texts and replace its traditional rituals
B. modernization of religious texts and rituals will not involve an alteration of their messages
C. the modernization of the texts and rituals of some religions was the cause of their increases in attendance
D. making texts and rituals more modern is the only way in which a religion could bring about an increase in attendance at places of worship
E. the growth in attendance at places of worship affiliated with religions that made their texts and rituals more modern is irreversible
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Scholar: Recently, some religions have updated the language of their traditional texts and replaced traditional rituals with more contemporary ones. These changes have been followed by increases in attendance at places of worship affiliated with these religions. This shows that any such modernization will result in increased numbers of worshipers.
Question: The scholar's reasoning is flawed because the scholar presumes without giving sufficient justification that
A. not every religion can update its texts and replace its traditional rituals
B. modernization of religious texts and rituals will not involve an alteration of their messages
C. the modernization of the texts and rituals of some religions was the cause of their increases in attendance
D. making texts and rituals more modern is the only way in which a religion could bring about an increase in attendance at places of worship
E. the growth in attendance at places of worship affiliated with religions that made their texts and rituals more modern is irreversible
Answer:
|
Scholar: Recently, some religions have updated the language of their traditional texts and replaced traditional rituals with more contemporary ones. These changes have been followed by increases in attendance at places of worship affiliated with these religions. This shows that any such modernization will result in increased numbers of worshipers.
Question: The scholar's reasoning is flawed because the scholar presumes without giving sufficient justification that
A. not every religion can update its texts and replace its traditional rituals
B. modernization of religious texts and rituals will not involve an alteration of their messages
C. the modernization of the texts and rituals of some religions was the cause of their increases in attendance
D. making texts and rituals more modern is the only way in which a religion could bring about an increase in attendance at places of worship
E. the growth in attendance at places of worship affiliated with religions that made their texts and rituals more modern is irreversible
Answer:
|
Scholar: Recently, some religions have updated the language of their traditional texts and replaced traditional rituals with more contemporary ones. These changes have been followed by increases in attendance at places of worship affiliated with these religions. This shows that any such modernization will result in increased numbers of worshipers.
Question: The scholar's reasoning is flawed because the scholar presumes without giving sufficient justification that
A. not every religion can update its texts and replace its traditional rituals
B. modernization of religious texts and rituals will not involve an alteration of their messages
C. the modernization of the texts and rituals of some religions was the cause of their increases in attendance
D. making texts and rituals more modern is the only way in which a religion could bring about an increase in attendance at places of worship
E. the growth in attendance at places of worship affiliated with religions that made their texts and rituals more modern is irreversible
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:387
|
|
383 |
Aisha: Vadim is going to be laid off. Vadim's work as a programmer has been exemplary since joining the firm. But management has already made the decision to lay off a programmer. And this firm strictly follows a policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer in such cases.
Question: Aisha's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. The firm values experience in its programmers more highly than any other quality.
B. When Vadim was hired, the policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer was clearly explained.
C. Vadim is the most recently hired programmer at the firm.
D. Every other programmer at the firm has done better work than Vadim.
E. It is bad policy that the firm always lays off the most recently hired programmer.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Aisha: Vadim is going to be laid off. Vadim's work as a programmer has been exemplary since joining the firm. But management has already made the decision to lay off a programmer. And this firm strictly follows a policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer in such cases.
Question: Aisha's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. The firm values experience in its programmers more highly than any other quality.
B. When Vadim was hired, the policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer was clearly explained.
C. Vadim is the most recently hired programmer at the firm.
D. Every other programmer at the firm has done better work than Vadim.
E. It is bad policy that the firm always lays off the most recently hired programmer.
Answer:
|
Aisha: Vadim is going to be laid off. Vadim's work as a programmer has been exemplary since joining the firm. But management has already made the decision to lay off a programmer. And this firm strictly follows a policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer in such cases.
Question: Aisha's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. The firm values experience in its programmers more highly than any other quality.
B. When Vadim was hired, the policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer was clearly explained.
C. Vadim is the most recently hired programmer at the firm.
D. Every other programmer at the firm has done better work than Vadim.
E. It is bad policy that the firm always lays off the most recently hired programmer.
Answer:
|
Aisha: Vadim is going to be laid off. Vadim's work as a programmer has been exemplary since joining the firm. But management has already made the decision to lay off a programmer. And this firm strictly follows a policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer in such cases.
Question: Aisha's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?
A. The firm values experience in its programmers more highly than any other quality.
B. When Vadim was hired, the policy of laying off the most recently hired programmer was clearly explained.
C. Vadim is the most recently hired programmer at the firm.
D. Every other programmer at the firm has done better work than Vadim.
E. It is bad policy that the firm always lays off the most recently hired programmer.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:383
|
|
288 |
CEO: We have been falsely criticized for not being an environmentally responsible corporation. Environmentally responsible corporations are corporations that do all they can to pollute less. Our current production methods pollute significantly less than our old methods did, and there currently are no methods that do not produce any pollution.
Question: The reasoning in the CEO's argument is flawed in that it
A. takes for granted that production methods that do not produce pollution cannot be developed
B. fails to take into account the possibility that different causes can have similar effects
C. generalizes too hastily from the inapplicability of a specific criticism to the inapplicability of a class of criticisms
D. takes for granted that because the company has attempted to reduce the amount of pollution produced, they must have succeeded
E. ignores the possibility that there are currently production methods that would allow the corporation to produce less pollution than it does now
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
CEO: We have been falsely criticized for not being an environmentally responsible corporation. Environmentally responsible corporations are corporations that do all they can to pollute less. Our current production methods pollute significantly less than our old methods did, and there currently are no methods that do not produce any pollution.
Question: The reasoning in the CEO's argument is flawed in that it
A. takes for granted that production methods that do not produce pollution cannot be developed
B. fails to take into account the possibility that different causes can have similar effects
C. generalizes too hastily from the inapplicability of a specific criticism to the inapplicability of a class of criticisms
D. takes for granted that because the company has attempted to reduce the amount of pollution produced, they must have succeeded
E. ignores the possibility that there are currently production methods that would allow the corporation to produce less pollution than it does now
Answer:
|
CEO: We have been falsely criticized for not being an environmentally responsible corporation. Environmentally responsible corporations are corporations that do all they can to pollute less. Our current production methods pollute significantly less than our old methods did, and there currently are no methods that do not produce any pollution.
Question: The reasoning in the CEO's argument is flawed in that it
A. takes for granted that production methods that do not produce pollution cannot be developed
B. fails to take into account the possibility that different causes can have similar effects
C. generalizes too hastily from the inapplicability of a specific criticism to the inapplicability of a class of criticisms
D. takes for granted that because the company has attempted to reduce the amount of pollution produced, they must have succeeded
E. ignores the possibility that there are currently production methods that would allow the corporation to produce less pollution than it does now
Answer:
|
CEO: We have been falsely criticized for not being an environmentally responsible corporation. Environmentally responsible corporations are corporations that do all they can to pollute less. Our current production methods pollute significantly less than our old methods did, and there currently are no methods that do not produce any pollution.
Question: The reasoning in the CEO's argument is flawed in that it
A. takes for granted that production methods that do not produce pollution cannot be developed
B. fails to take into account the possibility that different causes can have similar effects
C. generalizes too hastily from the inapplicability of a specific criticism to the inapplicability of a class of criticisms
D. takes for granted that because the company has attempted to reduce the amount of pollution produced, they must have succeeded
E. ignores the possibility that there are currently production methods that would allow the corporation to produce less pollution than it does now
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:288
|
|
220 |
Brianna: It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer. The one we bought this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought. If we had bought one last summer, it would have been able to survive this summer's drought, because last summer's normal rainfall would have enabled it to develop established roots. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in Brianna's argument?
A. It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer.
B. The tree purchased this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought.
C. If a tree had been purchased last summer, it would be better able to survive this summer's drought.
D. A tree purchased last summer would have established roots.
E. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
Brianna: It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer. The one we bought this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought. If we had bought one last summer, it would have been able to survive this summer's drought, because last summer's normal rainfall would have enabled it to develop established roots. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in Brianna's argument?
A. It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer.
B. The tree purchased this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought.
C. If a tree had been purchased last summer, it would be better able to survive this summer's drought.
D. A tree purchased last summer would have established roots.
E. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.
Answer:
|
Brianna: It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer. The one we bought this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought. If we had bought one last summer, it would have been able to survive this summer's drought, because last summer's normal rainfall would have enabled it to develop established roots. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in Brianna's argument?
A. It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer.
B. The tree purchased this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought.
C. If a tree had been purchased last summer, it would be better able to survive this summer's drought.
D. A tree purchased last summer would have established roots.
E. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.
Answer:
|
Brianna: It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer. The one we bought this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought. If we had bought one last summer, it would have been able to survive this summer's drought, because last summer's normal rainfall would have enabled it to develop established roots. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the overall conclusion drawn in Brianna's argument?
A. It would have been better to buy a tree last summer rather than this summer.
B. The tree purchased this summer is struggling to survive this summer's drought.
C. If a tree had been purchased last summer, it would be better able to survive this summer's drought.
D. A tree purchased last summer would have established roots.
E. Trees with established roots can better withstand droughts.
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:220
|
|
335 |
Government official: Although the determination of local residents to rebuild hiking trails recently devastated by a landslide indicates that they are strongly committed to their community, the government should not assist them in rebuilding. The reason is clear: there is a strong likelihood of future landslides in that location that could cause serious injury or worse.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the government official's argument?
A. Residents should not be allowed to rebuild trails unless the government assists them in rebuilding.
B. The determination of residents to rebuild hiking trails devastated by landslides should be what determines government support for the project.
C. Government agencies should not assist people with projects unless those people are strongly committed to their community.
D. The government should not assist in projects that are very likely to result in circumstances that could lead to serious injury.
E. Residents should be discouraged from rebuilding in any area that has had an extensive history of landslides.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Government official: Although the determination of local residents to rebuild hiking trails recently devastated by a landslide indicates that they are strongly committed to their community, the government should not assist them in rebuilding. The reason is clear: there is a strong likelihood of future landslides in that location that could cause serious injury or worse.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the government official's argument?
A. Residents should not be allowed to rebuild trails unless the government assists them in rebuilding.
B. The determination of residents to rebuild hiking trails devastated by landslides should be what determines government support for the project.
C. Government agencies should not assist people with projects unless those people are strongly committed to their community.
D. The government should not assist in projects that are very likely to result in circumstances that could lead to serious injury.
E. Residents should be discouraged from rebuilding in any area that has had an extensive history of landslides.
Answer:
|
Government official: Although the determination of local residents to rebuild hiking trails recently devastated by a landslide indicates that they are strongly committed to their community, the government should not assist them in rebuilding. The reason is clear: there is a strong likelihood of future landslides in that location that could cause serious injury or worse.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the government official's argument?
A. Residents should not be allowed to rebuild trails unless the government assists them in rebuilding.
B. The determination of residents to rebuild hiking trails devastated by landslides should be what determines government support for the project.
C. Government agencies should not assist people with projects unless those people are strongly committed to their community.
D. The government should not assist in projects that are very likely to result in circumstances that could lead to serious injury.
E. Residents should be discouraged from rebuilding in any area that has had an extensive history of landslides.
Answer:
|
Government official: Although the determination of local residents to rebuild hiking trails recently devastated by a landslide indicates that they are strongly committed to their community, the government should not assist them in rebuilding. The reason is clear: there is a strong likelihood of future landslides in that location that could cause serious injury or worse.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the government official's argument?
A. Residents should not be allowed to rebuild trails unless the government assists them in rebuilding.
B. The determination of residents to rebuild hiking trails devastated by landslides should be what determines government support for the project.
C. Government agencies should not assist people with projects unless those people are strongly committed to their community.
D. The government should not assist in projects that are very likely to result in circumstances that could lead to serious injury.
E. Residents should be discouraged from rebuilding in any area that has had an extensive history of landslides.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:335
|
|
447 |
A good manager must understand people and be able to defuse tense situations. But anyone who is able to defuse tense situations must understand people. Since Ishiko is able to defuse tense situations, she must be a good manager.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it
A. confuses a quality that shows an understanding of people with a quality that is necessary for understanding people
B. confuses a' quality that usually correlates with being a good manager with a quality that results from being a good manager
C. confuses qualities necessary for being a good manager with qualities that guarantee being a good manager
D. overlooks the possibility that different managers defuse tense situations in different ways
E. takes for granted that because all good managers have a certain quality, Ishiko must have that quality
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
A good manager must understand people and be able to defuse tense situations. But anyone who is able to defuse tense situations must understand people. Since Ishiko is able to defuse tense situations, she must be a good manager.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it
A. confuses a quality that shows an understanding of people with a quality that is necessary for understanding people
B. confuses a' quality that usually correlates with being a good manager with a quality that results from being a good manager
C. confuses qualities necessary for being a good manager with qualities that guarantee being a good manager
D. overlooks the possibility that different managers defuse tense situations in different ways
E. takes for granted that because all good managers have a certain quality, Ishiko must have that quality
Answer:
|
A good manager must understand people and be able to defuse tense situations. But anyone who is able to defuse tense situations must understand people. Since Ishiko is able to defuse tense situations, she must be a good manager.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it
A. confuses a quality that shows an understanding of people with a quality that is necessary for understanding people
B. confuses a' quality that usually correlates with being a good manager with a quality that results from being a good manager
C. confuses qualities necessary for being a good manager with qualities that guarantee being a good manager
D. overlooks the possibility that different managers defuse tense situations in different ways
E. takes for granted that because all good managers have a certain quality, Ishiko must have that quality
Answer:
|
A good manager must understand people and be able to defuse tense situations. But anyone who is able to defuse tense situations must understand people. Since Ishiko is able to defuse tense situations, she must be a good manager.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it
A. confuses a quality that shows an understanding of people with a quality that is necessary for understanding people
B. confuses a' quality that usually correlates with being a good manager with a quality that results from being a good manager
C. confuses qualities necessary for being a good manager with qualities that guarantee being a good manager
D. overlooks the possibility that different managers defuse tense situations in different ways
E. takes for granted that because all good managers have a certain quality, Ishiko must have that quality
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:447
|
|
482 |
Lucinda will soon be attending National University as an engineering major. At National University, most residents of Western Hall are engineering majors. Therefore, Lucinda will probably live in Western Hall.
Question: Which one of the following arguments exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?
A. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Most cities with major shopping malls are regional economic hubs. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.
B. Cities that are regional economic hubs generally experience tremendous economic growth at some point. Our city is a regional economic hub that has never experienced tremendous economic growth. Thus it will probably experience tremendous economic growth in the future.
C. Cities that are regional economic hubs always have excellent transportation systems. It is widely agreed that our city's transportation system is inadequate. Therefore, our city will probably never become a regional economic hub.
D. A major shopping mall was built in our city ten years ago, and our city has experienced tremendous economic growth since then. Therefore, most cities in which major shopping malls are built will experience tremendous economic growth shortly afterward.
E. Most cities that are regional economic hub scontain major shopping malls. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Lucinda will soon be attending National University as an engineering major. At National University, most residents of Western Hall are engineering majors. Therefore, Lucinda will probably live in Western Hall.
Question: Which one of the following arguments exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?
A. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Most cities with major shopping malls are regional economic hubs. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.
B. Cities that are regional economic hubs generally experience tremendous economic growth at some point. Our city is a regional economic hub that has never experienced tremendous economic growth. Thus it will probably experience tremendous economic growth in the future.
C. Cities that are regional economic hubs always have excellent transportation systems. It is widely agreed that our city's transportation system is inadequate. Therefore, our city will probably never become a regional economic hub.
D. A major shopping mall was built in our city ten years ago, and our city has experienced tremendous economic growth since then. Therefore, most cities in which major shopping malls are built will experience tremendous economic growth shortly afterward.
E. Most cities that are regional economic hub scontain major shopping malls. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.
Answer:
|
Lucinda will soon be attending National University as an engineering major. At National University, most residents of Western Hall are engineering majors. Therefore, Lucinda will probably live in Western Hall.
Question: Which one of the following arguments exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?
A. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Most cities with major shopping malls are regional economic hubs. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.
B. Cities that are regional economic hubs generally experience tremendous economic growth at some point. Our city is a regional economic hub that has never experienced tremendous economic growth. Thus it will probably experience tremendous economic growth in the future.
C. Cities that are regional economic hubs always have excellent transportation systems. It is widely agreed that our city's transportation system is inadequate. Therefore, our city will probably never become a regional economic hub.
D. A major shopping mall was built in our city ten years ago, and our city has experienced tremendous economic growth since then. Therefore, most cities in which major shopping malls are built will experience tremendous economic growth shortly afterward.
E. Most cities that are regional economic hub scontain major shopping malls. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.
Answer:
|
Lucinda will soon be attending National University as an engineering major. At National University, most residents of Western Hall are engineering majors. Therefore, Lucinda will probably live in Western Hall.
Question: Which one of the following arguments exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by the argument above?
A. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Most cities with major shopping malls are regional economic hubs. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.
B. Cities that are regional economic hubs generally experience tremendous economic growth at some point. Our city is a regional economic hub that has never experienced tremendous economic growth. Thus it will probably experience tremendous economic growth in the future.
C. Cities that are regional economic hubs always have excellent transportation systems. It is widely agreed that our city's transportation system is inadequate. Therefore, our city will probably never become a regional economic hub.
D. A major shopping mall was built in our city ten years ago, and our city has experienced tremendous economic growth since then. Therefore, most cities in which major shopping malls are built will experience tremendous economic growth shortly afterward.
E. Most cities that are regional economic hub scontain major shopping malls. A major shopping mall is now being constructed in our city. Therefore, our city will probably become a regional economic hub.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:482
|
|
388 |
If one is to participate in the regional band, one must practice very hard or be very talented. Therefore, Lily, who is first trombonist in the regional band and is very talented, does not practice hard.
Question: The flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
A. In order to have a chance to meet its objectives, the army needs good weather as a precondition for retaining its mobility. The weather is good today, so the army will meet its objectives.
B. If Lois were on vacation, she would be visiting her brother in Chicago or seeing friends in Toronto. Since she is not on vacation, she is in neither Chicago nor Toronto.
C. If Johnson is to win the local election, then neither Horan nor Jacobs can enter the race. Since neither of them plans to run, Johnson will win the race.
D. To stay informed about current events, one must read a major newspaper or watch national TV news every day. So Julie, who is informed about current events and reads a major newspaper every day, does not watch TV news.
E. If Wayne is to get a ride home from the library, either Yvette or Marty must be there. Yvette is not at the library, so Marty must be there.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
If one is to participate in the regional band, one must practice very hard or be very talented. Therefore, Lily, who is first trombonist in the regional band and is very talented, does not practice hard.
Question: The flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
A. In order to have a chance to meet its objectives, the army needs good weather as a precondition for retaining its mobility. The weather is good today, so the army will meet its objectives.
B. If Lois were on vacation, she would be visiting her brother in Chicago or seeing friends in Toronto. Since she is not on vacation, she is in neither Chicago nor Toronto.
C. If Johnson is to win the local election, then neither Horan nor Jacobs can enter the race. Since neither of them plans to run, Johnson will win the race.
D. To stay informed about current events, one must read a major newspaper or watch national TV news every day. So Julie, who is informed about current events and reads a major newspaper every day, does not watch TV news.
E. If Wayne is to get a ride home from the library, either Yvette or Marty must be there. Yvette is not at the library, so Marty must be there.
Answer:
|
If one is to participate in the regional band, one must practice very hard or be very talented. Therefore, Lily, who is first trombonist in the regional band and is very talented, does not practice hard.
Question: The flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
A. In order to have a chance to meet its objectives, the army needs good weather as a precondition for retaining its mobility. The weather is good today, so the army will meet its objectives.
B. If Lois were on vacation, she would be visiting her brother in Chicago or seeing friends in Toronto. Since she is not on vacation, she is in neither Chicago nor Toronto.
C. If Johnson is to win the local election, then neither Horan nor Jacobs can enter the race. Since neither of them plans to run, Johnson will win the race.
D. To stay informed about current events, one must read a major newspaper or watch national TV news every day. So Julie, who is informed about current events and reads a major newspaper every day, does not watch TV news.
E. If Wayne is to get a ride home from the library, either Yvette or Marty must be there. Yvette is not at the library, so Marty must be there.
Answer:
|
If one is to participate in the regional band, one must practice very hard or be very talented. Therefore, Lily, who is first trombonist in the regional band and is very talented, does not practice hard.
Question: The flawed reasoning in which one of the following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
A. In order to have a chance to meet its objectives, the army needs good weather as a precondition for retaining its mobility. The weather is good today, so the army will meet its objectives.
B. If Lois were on vacation, she would be visiting her brother in Chicago or seeing friends in Toronto. Since she is not on vacation, she is in neither Chicago nor Toronto.
C. If Johnson is to win the local election, then neither Horan nor Jacobs can enter the race. Since neither of them plans to run, Johnson will win the race.
D. To stay informed about current events, one must read a major newspaper or watch national TV news every day. So Julie, who is informed about current events and reads a major newspaper every day, does not watch TV news.
E. If Wayne is to get a ride home from the library, either Yvette or Marty must be there. Yvette is not at the library, so Marty must be there.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:388
|
|
169 |
Ditalgame Corporation's computer video games are subject to widespread illegal copying. To combat this piracy, Ditalgame will begin using a new copy protection feature on its games. Ditalgame's president predicts a substantial increase in sales of the company's games once the new copy protection feature is implemented.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the president's prediction?
A. Ditalgame has spent millions of dollars developing the new copy protection feature , and the company can recoup these costs only if its sales increase substantially.
B. Over the last several years, the market for computer games has grown steadily, but Ditalgame's share of that market has shrunk considerably.
C. The copy protection feature causes a copied game to be playable just long enough for most people to come to enjoy it so much that they decide they have to have it.
D. Game Review Monthly, the most commonly read magazine among people who frequently copy computer games, generally gives favorable reviews to Ditalgame games.
E. Computer games produced by Ditalgame are copied more frequently than computer games
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Ditalgame Corporation's computer video games are subject to widespread illegal copying. To combat this piracy, Ditalgame will begin using a new copy protection feature on its games. Ditalgame's president predicts a substantial increase in sales of the company's games once the new copy protection feature is implemented.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the president's prediction?
A. Ditalgame has spent millions of dollars developing the new copy protection feature , and the company can recoup these costs only if its sales increase substantially.
B. Over the last several years, the market for computer games has grown steadily, but Ditalgame's share of that market has shrunk considerably.
C. The copy protection feature causes a copied game to be playable just long enough for most people to come to enjoy it so much that they decide they have to have it.
D. Game Review Monthly, the most commonly read magazine among people who frequently copy computer games, generally gives favorable reviews to Ditalgame games.
E. Computer games produced by Ditalgame are copied more frequently than computer games
Answer:
|
Ditalgame Corporation's computer video games are subject to widespread illegal copying. To combat this piracy, Ditalgame will begin using a new copy protection feature on its games. Ditalgame's president predicts a substantial increase in sales of the company's games once the new copy protection feature is implemented.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the president's prediction?
A. Ditalgame has spent millions of dollars developing the new copy protection feature , and the company can recoup these costs only if its sales increase substantially.
B. Over the last several years, the market for computer games has grown steadily, but Ditalgame's share of that market has shrunk considerably.
C. The copy protection feature causes a copied game to be playable just long enough for most people to come to enjoy it so much that they decide they have to have it.
D. Game Review Monthly, the most commonly read magazine among people who frequently copy computer games, generally gives favorable reviews to Ditalgame games.
E. Computer games produced by Ditalgame are copied more frequently than computer games
Answer:
|
Ditalgame Corporation's computer video games are subject to widespread illegal copying. To combat this piracy, Ditalgame will begin using a new copy protection feature on its games. Ditalgame's president predicts a substantial increase in sales of the company's games once the new copy protection feature is implemented.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the president's prediction?
A. Ditalgame has spent millions of dollars developing the new copy protection feature , and the company can recoup these costs only if its sales increase substantially.
B. Over the last several years, the market for computer games has grown steadily, but Ditalgame's share of that market has shrunk considerably.
C. The copy protection feature causes a copied game to be playable just long enough for most people to come to enjoy it so much that they decide they have to have it.
D. Game Review Monthly, the most commonly read magazine among people who frequently copy computer games, generally gives favorable reviews to Ditalgame games.
E. Computer games produced by Ditalgame are copied more frequently than computer games
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:169
|
|
483 |
Oceanographer: To substantially reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide should be captured and pumped deep into the oceans, where it would dissolve. The cool, dense water in ocean depths takes centuries to mix with the warmer water near the surface, so any carbon dioxide pumped deep into oceans would be trapped there for centuries.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the oceanographer's argument requires?
A. Carbon dioxide will dissolve much more thoroughly if it is pumped into cold water than it will if it is pumped into warmer water.
B. Evaporation of warmer ocean water near an ocean's surface does not generally release into the atmosphere large amounts of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the evaporating water.
C. Carbon dioxide dissolved in cool, dense waterin ocean depths will not escape back into Earth's atmosphere a long time before the water in which that carbon dioxide is dissolved mixes with warmer water near the surface.
D. It is the density of the water in the ocean depths that plays the main role in the trapping of the carbon dioxide.
E. Carbon dioxide should be pumped into ocean depths to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere only if the carbon dioxide pumped into ocean depths would be trapped there for hundreds of years.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Oceanographer: To substantially reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide should be captured and pumped deep into the oceans, where it would dissolve. The cool, dense water in ocean depths takes centuries to mix with the warmer water near the surface, so any carbon dioxide pumped deep into oceans would be trapped there for centuries.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the oceanographer's argument requires?
A. Carbon dioxide will dissolve much more thoroughly if it is pumped into cold water than it will if it is pumped into warmer water.
B. Evaporation of warmer ocean water near an ocean's surface does not generally release into the atmosphere large amounts of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the evaporating water.
C. Carbon dioxide dissolved in cool, dense waterin ocean depths will not escape back into Earth's atmosphere a long time before the water in which that carbon dioxide is dissolved mixes with warmer water near the surface.
D. It is the density of the water in the ocean depths that plays the main role in the trapping of the carbon dioxide.
E. Carbon dioxide should be pumped into ocean depths to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere only if the carbon dioxide pumped into ocean depths would be trapped there for hundreds of years.
Answer:
|
Oceanographer: To substantially reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide should be captured and pumped deep into the oceans, where it would dissolve. The cool, dense water in ocean depths takes centuries to mix with the warmer water near the surface, so any carbon dioxide pumped deep into oceans would be trapped there for centuries.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the oceanographer's argument requires?
A. Carbon dioxide will dissolve much more thoroughly if it is pumped into cold water than it will if it is pumped into warmer water.
B. Evaporation of warmer ocean water near an ocean's surface does not generally release into the atmosphere large amounts of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the evaporating water.
C. Carbon dioxide dissolved in cool, dense waterin ocean depths will not escape back into Earth's atmosphere a long time before the water in which that carbon dioxide is dissolved mixes with warmer water near the surface.
D. It is the density of the water in the ocean depths that plays the main role in the trapping of the carbon dioxide.
E. Carbon dioxide should be pumped into ocean depths to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere only if the carbon dioxide pumped into ocean depths would be trapped there for hundreds of years.
Answer:
|
Oceanographer: To substantially reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide should be captured and pumped deep into the oceans, where it would dissolve. The cool, dense water in ocean depths takes centuries to mix with the warmer water near the surface, so any carbon dioxide pumped deep into oceans would be trapped there for centuries.
Question: Which one of the following is an assumption that the oceanographer's argument requires?
A. Carbon dioxide will dissolve much more thoroughly if it is pumped into cold water than it will if it is pumped into warmer water.
B. Evaporation of warmer ocean water near an ocean's surface does not generally release into the atmosphere large amounts of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the evaporating water.
C. Carbon dioxide dissolved in cool, dense waterin ocean depths will not escape back into Earth's atmosphere a long time before the water in which that carbon dioxide is dissolved mixes with warmer water near the surface.
D. It is the density of the water in the ocean depths that plays the main role in the trapping of the carbon dioxide.
E. Carbon dioxide should be pumped into ocean depths to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere only if the carbon dioxide pumped into ocean depths would be trapped there for hundreds of years.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:483
|
|
125 |
Principle: If a food product contains ingredients whose presence most consumers of that product would be upset to discover in it, then the food should be labeled as containing those ingredients. Application: Crackly Crisps need not be labeled as containing genetically engineered ingredients, since most consumers of Crackly Crisps would not care if they discovered that fact.
Question: The application of the principle is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
A. fails to address the possibility that consumers of a specific food may not be representative of consumers of food in general
B. fails to address the possibility that the genetically engineered ingredients in Crackly Crisps may have been proven safe for human consumption
C. implicitly makes use of a value judgment that is incompatible with the principle being applied
D. takes for granted that if most consumers of a product would buy it even if they knew several of the ingredients in it, then they would buy the product even if they knew all the ingredients in it
E. confuses a claim that under certain conditions a certain action should be taken with a claim that the action need not be taken in the absence of those conditions
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Principle: If a food product contains ingredients whose presence most consumers of that product would be upset to discover in it, then the food should be labeled as containing those ingredients. Application: Crackly Crisps need not be labeled as containing genetically engineered ingredients, since most consumers of Crackly Crisps would not care if they discovered that fact.
Question: The application of the principle is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
A. fails to address the possibility that consumers of a specific food may not be representative of consumers of food in general
B. fails to address the possibility that the genetically engineered ingredients in Crackly Crisps may have been proven safe for human consumption
C. implicitly makes use of a value judgment that is incompatible with the principle being applied
D. takes for granted that if most consumers of a product would buy it even if they knew several of the ingredients in it, then they would buy the product even if they knew all the ingredients in it
E. confuses a claim that under certain conditions a certain action should be taken with a claim that the action need not be taken in the absence of those conditions
Answer:
|
Principle: If a food product contains ingredients whose presence most consumers of that product would be upset to discover in it, then the food should be labeled as containing those ingredients. Application: Crackly Crisps need not be labeled as containing genetically engineered ingredients, since most consumers of Crackly Crisps would not care if they discovered that fact.
Question: The application of the principle is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
A. fails to address the possibility that consumers of a specific food may not be representative of consumers of food in general
B. fails to address the possibility that the genetically engineered ingredients in Crackly Crisps may have been proven safe for human consumption
C. implicitly makes use of a value judgment that is incompatible with the principle being applied
D. takes for granted that if most consumers of a product would buy it even if they knew several of the ingredients in it, then they would buy the product even if they knew all the ingredients in it
E. confuses a claim that under certain conditions a certain action should be taken with a claim that the action need not be taken in the absence of those conditions
Answer:
|
Principle: If a food product contains ingredients whose presence most consumers of that product would be upset to discover in it, then the food should be labeled as containing those ingredients. Application: Crackly Crisps need not be labeled as containing genetically engineered ingredients, since most consumers of Crackly Crisps would not care if they discovered that fact.
Question: The application of the principle is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it
A. fails to address the possibility that consumers of a specific food may not be representative of consumers of food in general
B. fails to address the possibility that the genetically engineered ingredients in Crackly Crisps may have been proven safe for human consumption
C. implicitly makes use of a value judgment that is incompatible with the principle being applied
D. takes for granted that if most consumers of a product would buy it even if they knew several of the ingredients in it, then they would buy the product even if they knew all the ingredients in it
E. confuses a claim that under certain conditions a certain action should be taken with a claim that the action need not be taken in the absence of those conditions
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:125
|
|
176 |
Had the party's economic theories been sound and had it succeeded in implementing its program, the inflation rate would have lessened considerably. But because the inflation rate actually increased, the party's economic theories were fur off the mark.
Question: The flawed reasoning in which one oflbe following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
A. If the people who inhabited the valley for so long had been invaded, or iflbere had been a dramatic climatic change, there would have been chaoges in the valley's architecture. But architecture in the valley remained the same throughout their stay. Thus, the valley people must not have been invaded at any time during their stay.
B. Many people fear that iflbe opposition party wins the election and keeps its promise to cut wages dramatically, workers in key industries will strike. But because the workers have promised not to strike, these workers must think the party will not keep its promise of a dramatic wage cut.
C. If the company had succeeded in selling its subsidiaries and used the cash to purchase the new patent, its stock price would have doubled in the last two years. But the price oflbe stock did not increase in that time. Thus, the company must have failed to sell its subsidiaries.
D. City residents were expected to show a great deal of support for the rebels iflbe battle was won and the jailed rebel leaders freed. Residents have shown a great deal of support or the rebels for the last three days. Therefore, the rebels must have won the battle.
E. Iflbe television station's new wealber forecasting equipment had been worth the investment, the accuracy of its forecasts would have risen, along wilb its ratings. But the station's ratings actually decreased. Thus, the new equipment is no improvement on the old.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Had the party's economic theories been sound and had it succeeded in implementing its program, the inflation rate would have lessened considerably. But because the inflation rate actually increased, the party's economic theories were fur off the mark.
Question: The flawed reasoning in which one oflbe following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
A. If the people who inhabited the valley for so long had been invaded, or iflbere had been a dramatic climatic change, there would have been chaoges in the valley's architecture. But architecture in the valley remained the same throughout their stay. Thus, the valley people must not have been invaded at any time during their stay.
B. Many people fear that iflbe opposition party wins the election and keeps its promise to cut wages dramatically, workers in key industries will strike. But because the workers have promised not to strike, these workers must think the party will not keep its promise of a dramatic wage cut.
C. If the company had succeeded in selling its subsidiaries and used the cash to purchase the new patent, its stock price would have doubled in the last two years. But the price oflbe stock did not increase in that time. Thus, the company must have failed to sell its subsidiaries.
D. City residents were expected to show a great deal of support for the rebels iflbe battle was won and the jailed rebel leaders freed. Residents have shown a great deal of support or the rebels for the last three days. Therefore, the rebels must have won the battle.
E. Iflbe television station's new wealber forecasting equipment had been worth the investment, the accuracy of its forecasts would have risen, along wilb its ratings. But the station's ratings actually decreased. Thus, the new equipment is no improvement on the old.
Answer:
|
Had the party's economic theories been sound and had it succeeded in implementing its program, the inflation rate would have lessened considerably. But because the inflation rate actually increased, the party's economic theories were fur off the mark.
Question: The flawed reasoning in which one oflbe following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
A. If the people who inhabited the valley for so long had been invaded, or iflbere had been a dramatic climatic change, there would have been chaoges in the valley's architecture. But architecture in the valley remained the same throughout their stay. Thus, the valley people must not have been invaded at any time during their stay.
B. Many people fear that iflbe opposition party wins the election and keeps its promise to cut wages dramatically, workers in key industries will strike. But because the workers have promised not to strike, these workers must think the party will not keep its promise of a dramatic wage cut.
C. If the company had succeeded in selling its subsidiaries and used the cash to purchase the new patent, its stock price would have doubled in the last two years. But the price oflbe stock did not increase in that time. Thus, the company must have failed to sell its subsidiaries.
D. City residents were expected to show a great deal of support for the rebels iflbe battle was won and the jailed rebel leaders freed. Residents have shown a great deal of support or the rebels for the last three days. Therefore, the rebels must have won the battle.
E. Iflbe television station's new wealber forecasting equipment had been worth the investment, the accuracy of its forecasts would have risen, along wilb its ratings. But the station's ratings actually decreased. Thus, the new equipment is no improvement on the old.
Answer:
|
Had the party's economic theories been sound and had it succeeded in implementing its program, the inflation rate would have lessened considerably. But because the inflation rate actually increased, the party's economic theories were fur off the mark.
Question: The flawed reasoning in which one oflbe following arguments most closely resembles the flawed reasoning in the argument above?
A. If the people who inhabited the valley for so long had been invaded, or iflbere had been a dramatic climatic change, there would have been chaoges in the valley's architecture. But architecture in the valley remained the same throughout their stay. Thus, the valley people must not have been invaded at any time during their stay.
B. Many people fear that iflbe opposition party wins the election and keeps its promise to cut wages dramatically, workers in key industries will strike. But because the workers have promised not to strike, these workers must think the party will not keep its promise of a dramatic wage cut.
C. If the company had succeeded in selling its subsidiaries and used the cash to purchase the new patent, its stock price would have doubled in the last two years. But the price oflbe stock did not increase in that time. Thus, the company must have failed to sell its subsidiaries.
D. City residents were expected to show a great deal of support for the rebels iflbe battle was won and the jailed rebel leaders freed. Residents have shown a great deal of support or the rebels for the last three days. Therefore, the rebels must have won the battle.
E. Iflbe television station's new wealber forecasting equipment had been worth the investment, the accuracy of its forecasts would have risen, along wilb its ratings. But the station's ratings actually decreased. Thus, the new equipment is no improvement on the old.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:176
|
|
471 |
If the purpose of laws is to contribute to peopled happiness, we have a basis for criticizing existing laws as well as proposing new laws. Hence, if that is not the purpose, then we have no basis for the evaluation of existing laws, from which we must conclude that existing laws acquire legitimacy simply because they are the laws.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. takes a sufficient condition for a state of affairs to be a necessary condition for it
B. infers a causal relationship from the mere presence of a correlation
C. trades on the use of a term in one sense in a premise and in a different sense in the conclusion
D. draws a conclusion about how the world actually is on the basis of claims about how it should be
E. infers that because a set of things has acertain property, each member of that set has the property
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 0 |
If the purpose of laws is to contribute to peopled happiness, we have a basis for criticizing existing laws as well as proposing new laws. Hence, if that is not the purpose, then we have no basis for the evaluation of existing laws, from which we must conclude that existing laws acquire legitimacy simply because they are the laws.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. takes a sufficient condition for a state of affairs to be a necessary condition for it
B. infers a causal relationship from the mere presence of a correlation
C. trades on the use of a term in one sense in a premise and in a different sense in the conclusion
D. draws a conclusion about how the world actually is on the basis of claims about how it should be
E. infers that because a set of things has acertain property, each member of that set has the property
Answer:
|
If the purpose of laws is to contribute to peopled happiness, we have a basis for criticizing existing laws as well as proposing new laws. Hence, if that is not the purpose, then we have no basis for the evaluation of existing laws, from which we must conclude that existing laws acquire legitimacy simply because they are the laws.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. takes a sufficient condition for a state of affairs to be a necessary condition for it
B. infers a causal relationship from the mere presence of a correlation
C. trades on the use of a term in one sense in a premise and in a different sense in the conclusion
D. draws a conclusion about how the world actually is on the basis of claims about how it should be
E. infers that because a set of things has acertain property, each member of that set has the property
Answer:
|
If the purpose of laws is to contribute to peopled happiness, we have a basis for criticizing existing laws as well as proposing new laws. Hence, if that is not the purpose, then we have no basis for the evaluation of existing laws, from which we must conclude that existing laws acquire legitimacy simply because they are the laws.
Question: The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument
A. takes a sufficient condition for a state of affairs to be a necessary condition for it
B. infers a causal relationship from the mere presence of a correlation
C. trades on the use of a term in one sense in a premise and in a different sense in the conclusion
D. draws a conclusion about how the world actually is on the basis of claims about how it should be
E. infers that because a set of things has acertain property, each member of that set has the property
Answer: A
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:471
|
|
278 |
Many homeowners regularly add commercial fertilizers to their lawns and gardens to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil. The widely available commercial fertilizers contain only macronutrients-namely, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To remain healthy in the long term, soil for lawns requires the presence of these macronutrients and also trace amounts of micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and copper, which are depleted when grass clippings are raked up rather than allowed to decay and return to the soil.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
A. There is no single fertilizer that provides both the macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for maintaining soil's long-term health.
B. The macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are available to homeowners only in commercial fertilizers.
C. Widely available commercial fertilizers are not alone sufficient to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil for lawns where grass clippings are not allowed to decay and return to the soil.
D. For soil to remain healthy in the long term, it requires the regular addition of both commercial fertilizers and a source of micronutrients such as grass clippings that are allowed to decay and return to the soil.
E. Homeowners who rake up their grass clippings are unable to maintain the long-term health of the soil in their lawns and gardens.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Many homeowners regularly add commercial fertilizers to their lawns and gardens to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil. The widely available commercial fertilizers contain only macronutrients-namely, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To remain healthy in the long term, soil for lawns requires the presence of these macronutrients and also trace amounts of micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and copper, which are depleted when grass clippings are raked up rather than allowed to decay and return to the soil.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
A. There is no single fertilizer that provides both the macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for maintaining soil's long-term health.
B. The macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are available to homeowners only in commercial fertilizers.
C. Widely available commercial fertilizers are not alone sufficient to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil for lawns where grass clippings are not allowed to decay and return to the soil.
D. For soil to remain healthy in the long term, it requires the regular addition of both commercial fertilizers and a source of micronutrients such as grass clippings that are allowed to decay and return to the soil.
E. Homeowners who rake up their grass clippings are unable to maintain the long-term health of the soil in their lawns and gardens.
Answer:
|
Many homeowners regularly add commercial fertilizers to their lawns and gardens to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil. The widely available commercial fertilizers contain only macronutrients-namely, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To remain healthy in the long term, soil for lawns requires the presence of these macronutrients and also trace amounts of micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and copper, which are depleted when grass clippings are raked up rather than allowed to decay and return to the soil.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
A. There is no single fertilizer that provides both the macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for maintaining soil's long-term health.
B. The macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are available to homeowners only in commercial fertilizers.
C. Widely available commercial fertilizers are not alone sufficient to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil for lawns where grass clippings are not allowed to decay and return to the soil.
D. For soil to remain healthy in the long term, it requires the regular addition of both commercial fertilizers and a source of micronutrients such as grass clippings that are allowed to decay and return to the soil.
E. Homeowners who rake up their grass clippings are unable to maintain the long-term health of the soil in their lawns and gardens.
Answer:
|
Many homeowners regularly add commercial fertilizers to their lawns and gardens to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil. The widely available commercial fertilizers contain only macronutrients-namely, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To remain healthy in the long term, soil for lawns requires the presence of these macronutrients and also trace amounts of micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and copper, which are depleted when grass clippings are raked up rather than allowed to decay and return to the soil.
Question: Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?
A. There is no single fertilizer that provides both the macronutrients and micronutrients necessary for maintaining soil's long-term health.
B. The macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are available to homeowners only in commercial fertilizers.
C. Widely available commercial fertilizers are not alone sufficient to maintain a healthy balance of nutrients in soil for lawns where grass clippings are not allowed to decay and return to the soil.
D. For soil to remain healthy in the long term, it requires the regular addition of both commercial fertilizers and a source of micronutrients such as grass clippings that are allowed to decay and return to the soil.
E. Homeowners who rake up their grass clippings are unable to maintain the long-term health of the soil in their lawns and gardens.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:278
|
|
271 |
Meteorologist: Heavy downpours are likely to become more frequent if Earth's atmosphere becomes significantly warmer. A warm atmosphere heats the oceans, leading to faster evaporation, and the resulting water vapor forms rain clouds more quickly. A warmer atmosphere also holds more moisture, resulting in larger clouds. In general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the meteorologist's argument by the claim that, in general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result?
A. It is the only conclusion in the argument.
B. It is the conclusion of the argument as a whole but is not the only explicitly stated conclusion in the argument.
C. It is a statement that the argument is intended to support but is not the conclusion of the argument as a whole.
D. It is used to support the only conclusion in the argument.
E. It provides a causal explanation of the phenomenon described by the conclusion of the argument as a whole, but it is not intended to provide support for that conclusion.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Meteorologist: Heavy downpours are likely to become more frequent if Earth's atmosphere becomes significantly warmer. A warm atmosphere heats the oceans, leading to faster evaporation, and the resulting water vapor forms rain clouds more quickly. A warmer atmosphere also holds more moisture, resulting in larger clouds. In general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the meteorologist's argument by the claim that, in general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result?
A. It is the only conclusion in the argument.
B. It is the conclusion of the argument as a whole but is not the only explicitly stated conclusion in the argument.
C. It is a statement that the argument is intended to support but is not the conclusion of the argument as a whole.
D. It is used to support the only conclusion in the argument.
E. It provides a causal explanation of the phenomenon described by the conclusion of the argument as a whole, but it is not intended to provide support for that conclusion.
Answer:
|
Meteorologist: Heavy downpours are likely to become more frequent if Earth's atmosphere becomes significantly warmer. A warm atmosphere heats the oceans, leading to faster evaporation, and the resulting water vapor forms rain clouds more quickly. A warmer atmosphere also holds more moisture, resulting in larger clouds. In general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the meteorologist's argument by the claim that, in general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result?
A. It is the only conclusion in the argument.
B. It is the conclusion of the argument as a whole but is not the only explicitly stated conclusion in the argument.
C. It is a statement that the argument is intended to support but is not the conclusion of the argument as a whole.
D. It is used to support the only conclusion in the argument.
E. It provides a causal explanation of the phenomenon described by the conclusion of the argument as a whole, but it is not intended to provide support for that conclusion.
Answer:
|
Meteorologist: Heavy downpours are likely to become more frequent if Earth's atmosphere becomes significantly warmer. A warm atmosphere heats the oceans, leading to faster evaporation, and the resulting water vapor forms rain clouds more quickly. A warmer atmosphere also holds more moisture, resulting in larger clouds. In general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result.
Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the meteorologist's argument by the claim that, in general, as water vapor in larger clouds condenses, heavier downpours are more likely to result?
A. It is the only conclusion in the argument.
B. It is the conclusion of the argument as a whole but is not the only explicitly stated conclusion in the argument.
C. It is a statement that the argument is intended to support but is not the conclusion of the argument as a whole.
D. It is used to support the only conclusion in the argument.
E. It provides a causal explanation of the phenomenon described by the conclusion of the argument as a whole, but it is not intended to provide support for that conclusion.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:271
|
|
307 |
Archaeologist: How did the Parthenon's stonemasons manage to carve columns that all bulged outward in the center in precisely the same way? One hypothesis is suggested by the discovery of a scale drawing of a column etched into the stone of a Greek temple at Didyma. The drawing is a profile view of a column surrounded by a grid, which makes it possible to determine the correct width at every height of the column. The stonemasons who carved the Parthenon's columns may have relied on a drawing like the one at Didyma.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, adds the most support for the archaeologist's hypothesis?
A. Modern attempts to recreate columns like those at the Parthenon have only been partially successful.
B. The construction of the temple at Didyma was begun over a century after the Parthenon was constructed.
C. Scale drawings were commonly used in many types of construction in ancient Greece.
D. The surviving columns at Didyma are almost twice as tall as the columns at the Parthenon.
E. The Parthenon's stonemasons had considerable experience carving columns before they started work on the Parthenon.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 2 |
Archaeologist: How did the Parthenon's stonemasons manage to carve columns that all bulged outward in the center in precisely the same way? One hypothesis is suggested by the discovery of a scale drawing of a column etched into the stone of a Greek temple at Didyma. The drawing is a profile view of a column surrounded by a grid, which makes it possible to determine the correct width at every height of the column. The stonemasons who carved the Parthenon's columns may have relied on a drawing like the one at Didyma.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, adds the most support for the archaeologist's hypothesis?
A. Modern attempts to recreate columns like those at the Parthenon have only been partially successful.
B. The construction of the temple at Didyma was begun over a century after the Parthenon was constructed.
C. Scale drawings were commonly used in many types of construction in ancient Greece.
D. The surviving columns at Didyma are almost twice as tall as the columns at the Parthenon.
E. The Parthenon's stonemasons had considerable experience carving columns before they started work on the Parthenon.
Answer:
|
Archaeologist: How did the Parthenon's stonemasons manage to carve columns that all bulged outward in the center in precisely the same way? One hypothesis is suggested by the discovery of a scale drawing of a column etched into the stone of a Greek temple at Didyma. The drawing is a profile view of a column surrounded by a grid, which makes it possible to determine the correct width at every height of the column. The stonemasons who carved the Parthenon's columns may have relied on a drawing like the one at Didyma.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, adds the most support for the archaeologist's hypothesis?
A. Modern attempts to recreate columns like those at the Parthenon have only been partially successful.
B. The construction of the temple at Didyma was begun over a century after the Parthenon was constructed.
C. Scale drawings were commonly used in many types of construction in ancient Greece.
D. The surviving columns at Didyma are almost twice as tall as the columns at the Parthenon.
E. The Parthenon's stonemasons had considerable experience carving columns before they started work on the Parthenon.
Answer:
|
Archaeologist: How did the Parthenon's stonemasons manage to carve columns that all bulged outward in the center in precisely the same way? One hypothesis is suggested by the discovery of a scale drawing of a column etched into the stone of a Greek temple at Didyma. The drawing is a profile view of a column surrounded by a grid, which makes it possible to determine the correct width at every height of the column. The stonemasons who carved the Parthenon's columns may have relied on a drawing like the one at Didyma.
Question: Which one of the following, if true, adds the most support for the archaeologist's hypothesis?
A. Modern attempts to recreate columns like those at the Parthenon have only been partially successful.
B. The construction of the temple at Didyma was begun over a century after the Parthenon was constructed.
C. Scale drawings were commonly used in many types of construction in ancient Greece.
D. The surviving columns at Didyma are almost twice as tall as the columns at the Parthenon.
E. The Parthenon's stonemasons had considerable experience carving columns before they started work on the Parthenon.
Answer: C
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:307
|
|
159 |
Mike: Tom did not tell me that I could use his computer, but it would not be wrong for me to use it anyway. Last week Tom used Mary's bicycle even though she had not told him he could use it.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justif Y Mike's reasoning?
A. Using the possessions of others without their permission is not always theft.
B. Generally one should tell the truth, but there are cases in which it is permissible not to.
C. If people have used your property without your permission, it is not wrong for you to use their property without their permission.
D. It is permissible to treat people in a way that is siruilar to the way in which they have treated others.
E. Using another person's property is wrong if the person is harmed by that use.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 3 |
Mike: Tom did not tell me that I could use his computer, but it would not be wrong for me to use it anyway. Last week Tom used Mary's bicycle even though she had not told him he could use it.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justif Y Mike's reasoning?
A. Using the possessions of others without their permission is not always theft.
B. Generally one should tell the truth, but there are cases in which it is permissible not to.
C. If people have used your property without your permission, it is not wrong for you to use their property without their permission.
D. It is permissible to treat people in a way that is siruilar to the way in which they have treated others.
E. Using another person's property is wrong if the person is harmed by that use.
Answer:
|
Mike: Tom did not tell me that I could use his computer, but it would not be wrong for me to use it anyway. Last week Tom used Mary's bicycle even though she had not told him he could use it.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justif Y Mike's reasoning?
A. Using the possessions of others without their permission is not always theft.
B. Generally one should tell the truth, but there are cases in which it is permissible not to.
C. If people have used your property without your permission, it is not wrong for you to use their property without their permission.
D. It is permissible to treat people in a way that is siruilar to the way in which they have treated others.
E. Using another person's property is wrong if the person is harmed by that use.
Answer:
|
Mike: Tom did not tell me that I could use his computer, but it would not be wrong for me to use it anyway. Last week Tom used Mary's bicycle even though she had not told him he could use it.
Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, would most help to justif Y Mike's reasoning?
A. Using the possessions of others without their permission is not always theft.
B. Generally one should tell the truth, but there are cases in which it is permissible not to.
C. If people have used your property without your permission, it is not wrong for you to use their property without their permission.
D. It is permissible to treat people in a way that is siruilar to the way in which they have treated others.
E. Using another person's property is wrong if the person is harmed by that use.
Answer: D
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:159
|
|
82 |
Two different dates have been offered as the approximate end point of the last ice age in North America. The first date was established by testing insect fragments found in samples of sediments to determine when warmth-adapted open-ground beetles replaced cold-adapted arctic beetles. The second date was established by testing pollen grains in those same samples to determine when ice masses yielded to spruce forests. The first date is more than 500 years earlier than the second.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following conclusions about the last ice age and its aftermath in North America?
A. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles ceased to inhabit areas where the predominant tree cover consisted of spruce forests.
B. Among those sediments deposited toward the end of the ice age, those found to contain cold-adapted arctic beetle fragments can also be expected to contain spruce-pollen grains.
C. Ice masses continued to advance through North America for several hundred years after the end of the ice age.
D. The species of cold-adapted arctic beetle that inhabited areas covered by ice masses died out toward the end of the last ice age.
E. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles colonized the new terrain opened to them faster than soil changes and seed dispersion established new spruce forests.
Answer:
|
[
"A",
"B",
"C",
"D",
"E"
] | 4 |
Two different dates have been offered as the approximate end point of the last ice age in North America. The first date was established by testing insect fragments found in samples of sediments to determine when warmth-adapted open-ground beetles replaced cold-adapted arctic beetles. The second date was established by testing pollen grains in those same samples to determine when ice masses yielded to spruce forests. The first date is more than 500 years earlier than the second.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following conclusions about the last ice age and its aftermath in North America?
A. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles ceased to inhabit areas where the predominant tree cover consisted of spruce forests.
B. Among those sediments deposited toward the end of the ice age, those found to contain cold-adapted arctic beetle fragments can also be expected to contain spruce-pollen grains.
C. Ice masses continued to advance through North America for several hundred years after the end of the ice age.
D. The species of cold-adapted arctic beetle that inhabited areas covered by ice masses died out toward the end of the last ice age.
E. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles colonized the new terrain opened to them faster than soil changes and seed dispersion established new spruce forests.
Answer:
|
Two different dates have been offered as the approximate end point of the last ice age in North America. The first date was established by testing insect fragments found in samples of sediments to determine when warmth-adapted open-ground beetles replaced cold-adapted arctic beetles. The second date was established by testing pollen grains in those same samples to determine when ice masses yielded to spruce forests. The first date is more than 500 years earlier than the second.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following conclusions about the last ice age and its aftermath in North America?
A. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles ceased to inhabit areas where the predominant tree cover consisted of spruce forests.
B. Among those sediments deposited toward the end of the ice age, those found to contain cold-adapted arctic beetle fragments can also be expected to contain spruce-pollen grains.
C. Ice masses continued to advance through North America for several hundred years after the end of the ice age.
D. The species of cold-adapted arctic beetle that inhabited areas covered by ice masses died out toward the end of the last ice age.
E. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles colonized the new terrain opened to them faster than soil changes and seed dispersion established new spruce forests.
Answer:
|
Two different dates have been offered as the approximate end point of the last ice age in North America. The first date was established by testing insect fragments found in samples of sediments to determine when warmth-adapted open-ground beetles replaced cold-adapted arctic beetles. The second date was established by testing pollen grains in those same samples to determine when ice masses yielded to spruce forests. The first date is more than 500 years earlier than the second.
Question: The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following conclusions about the last ice age and its aftermath in North America?
A. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles ceased to inhabit areas where the predominant tree cover consisted of spruce forests.
B. Among those sediments deposited toward the end of the ice age, those found to contain cold-adapted arctic beetle fragments can also be expected to contain spruce-pollen grains.
C. Ice masses continued to advance through North America for several hundred years after the end of the ice age.
D. The species of cold-adapted arctic beetle that inhabited areas covered by ice masses died out toward the end of the last ice age.
E. Toward the end of the ice age, warmth-adapted open-ground beetles colonized the new terrain opened to them faster than soil changes and seed dispersion established new spruce forests.
Answer: E
| null |
agi_eval_lsat-lr::retrieval:82
|
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