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README.md
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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pretty_name: OpenGenome2
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tags:
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- huggingscience
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- science
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- biology
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- genomics
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- dna
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- sequence-modeling
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- long-context
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- metagenomics
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- microbiology
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- bacteriophage
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- plasmid
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- mrna
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- promoter
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- ncrna
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- organelle-genomes
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- gtdb
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- imgvr
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- imgpr
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- ncbi
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- json
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- fasta
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---
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# OpenGenome2
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OpenGenome2 is a large-scale, diverse DNA corpus spanning prokaryotes (bacteria & archaea), eukaryotes, organelles, bacteriophages, plasmids, and metagenomes. It was assembled to train long-context genomic foundation models (e.g., Evo 2) and emphasizes **functionally informative regions** (e.g., genic windows, promoters, noncoding RNAs) while providing comprehensive whole-genome coverage across the tree of life.
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* **License:** Apache-2.0
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* **Scope:** trillions of nucleotides aggregated across multiple public sources (e.g., GTDB v220, IMG/VR, IMG/PR, NCBI eukaryotic references) with curation and quality filtering to support genome-scale modeling.
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* **Formats:** JSONL (token-ready sequences) and FASTA (raw sequences).
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* **Splits:** `train`, `validation`, `test` are provided for most JSONL subsets.
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## Contents & Source Mapping
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The on-hub layout mirrors data provenance and training phase:
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* **`json/pretraining_or_both_phases/`**
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Functional and broad-coverage sources used during pretraining (or used in both pre- and mid-training):
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* `eukaryotic_genic_windows/` – windows enriched for coding/genic content
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* `gtdb_v220_imgpr/` – prokaryotes from **GTDB v220** plus curated plasmids/phages from **IMG/PR**
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* `imgvr_untagged/` – bacteriophage sequences from **IMG/VR**
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* `metagenomes/` – metagenomic contigs
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* `mrna/`, `mrna_splice_promoter/` – mRNA and splicing/promoter-focused windows
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* `ncrna/` – noncoding RNAs
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* `organelle/` – organellar genomes
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* `promoters/` – promoter regions
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* **`json/midtraining_specific/`**
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Additional curated data emphasized during mid-training:
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* `gtdb_v220_stitched/` – stitched windows / references from **GTDB v220**
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* `imgpr/` – curated plasmids & phages from **IMG/PR**
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* `ncbi_eukaryotic_genomes/` – curated eukaryotic references from **NCBI**
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* **`fasta/`** mirrors these sources for users preferring raw FASTA (e.g., `fasta/gtdb_v220`, `fasta/mrna`, `fasta/organelles`, `fasta/promoters`, etc.).
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## Recommended Uses
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* Pretraining/continued-pretraining **DNA language models** (autoregressive or masked).
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* Long-context modeling (100 kbp–1 Mbp) for **regulatory architecture** and genome context tasks.
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* Zero-shot **variant effect** predictions on promoters/genic windows.
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* Embedding-based **functional clustering** across genomes, plasmids, and phages.
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* Generative modeling for **protein–DNA/RNA system design** when coupled with appropriate safety review.
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## Citation
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If you use OpenGenome2 or models trained on it, please cite:
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* **Evo 2** (trained on OpenGenome2):
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Brixi *et al.*, “Genome modeling and design across all domains of life with Evo 2,” *bioRxiv* (2025).
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[https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.18.638918](https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.02.18.638918)
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* **Data sources**:
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* GTDB updated references (v220)
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* IMG/VR (bacteriophages) and IMG/PR (plasmids/phages)
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* NCBI eukaryotic genomes/references
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## Attribution
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* Dataset maintained by the **Arc Institute**. See the Hub repo for updates and discussions.
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