DOI
string | abstract
string | title
string | author
list | URL
string | year
int64 | month
string | vector
list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10.1017/s0013091500000523
|
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to derive an integral representation of the Drazin inverse of an element of a Banach algebra in a more general situation than previously obtained by the second author, and to give an application to the Moore–Penrose inverse in a $C^*$-algebra.</jats:p><jats:p>AMS 2000 <jats:italic>Mathematics subject classification:</jats:italic>Primary 46H05; 46L05</jats:p>
|
ON INTEGRAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE DRAZIN INVERSE IN BANACH ALGEBRAS
|
[
"González N. Castro ",
"Koliha J. J. ",
"Wei Yimin "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0013091500000523
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0013091501000189
|
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In this paper, we establish the existence of infinitely many solutions to a Neumann problem involving the <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-Laplacian and with discontinuous nonlinearities. The technical approach is mainly based on a very recent result on critical points for possibly non-smooth functionals in a Banach space due to Marano and Motreanu, namely Theorem 1.1 in a paper that is to appear in the journal <jats:italic>J. Diff. Eqns</jats:italic> (see Theorem 2.3 in the body of this paper). Some applications are presented.</jats:p><jats:p>AMS 2000 <jats:italic>Mathematics subject classification:</jats:italic> Primary 35A15; 35J65; 35R05</jats:p>
|
INFINITELY MANY SOLUTIONS TO THE NEUMANN PROBLEM FOR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS INVOLVING THE <i>p</i>-LAPLACIAN AND WITH DISCONTINUOUS NONLINEARITIES
|
[
"Candito Pasquale "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0013091501000189
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0014479702003071
|
<jats:p>The effects of ten rootstocks on tree development, leaf nutrient levels, fruit internal quality and yield were studied. Plantings of the mandarin cultivar ‘clementine’ were established at the Agricultural Research Station of Rhodes on the rootstocks Cleopatra mandarin, Troyer and Carrizo citranges, rough lemon, Palestine sweet lime, Volkameriana, <jats:italic>Citrus macrophylla</jats:italic>, Rangpur lime and <jats:italic>C. moi</jats:italic> with sour orange as a standard for comparison. Data indicated that rootstocks significantly influenced tree development and fruit quality characteristics as well as foliar nutrient concentrations. The largest trees were on Volkameriana and the smallest on the two citranges. In terms of trunk cross-sectional area, the most vigorous trees were on <jats:italic>C. moi</jats:italic> and the least on Palestine sweet lime and the two citranges. Cleopatra mandarin, the two citranges, and Palestine sweet lime showed a tendency to biennial bearing. The highest cumulative yield of clementine trees was on <jats:italic>C. macrophylla</jats:italic> and Volkameriana and the lowest on Troyer and Carrizo citrange. <jats:italic>C. macrophylla</jats:italic> and Volkameriana produced the most efficient trees with the largest and heaviest thin-skinned almost seedless fruit. Fruit on <jats:italic>C. macrophylla</jats:italic> produced the highest juice content but also the lowest concentration of total soluble solids. Differences were observed in leaf nutrient contents between the rootstocks. These trials showed that <jats:italic>C. macrophylla</jats:italic> and Volkameriana could be used successfully as alternatives rootstocks to sour orange.</jats:p>
|
ROOTSTOCK EFFECTS ON THE YIELDS, TREE AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MANDARIN CULTIVAR ‘CLEMENTINE’ ON THE ISLAND OF RHODES
|
[
"Tsakelidou K. ",
"Papanikolaou X. ",
"Protopapadakis E. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702003071
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0018246x02002418
|
<jats:p>This article analyses two dissenting periodicals, the <jats:italic>Occasional Paper</jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>Old Whig</jats:italic>. It argues that these periodicals provide an opportunity to reconsider the current priorities in the historiography of eighteenth-century political thought and religious history. Having considered the contexts from which the periodicals emerged and the importance of a perceived growth in catholic proselytizing in the 1730s, it analyses the importance of ‘popery’ in religious and political discourse. Taken together, popery and private judgement provided the parameters to descibe what was termed ‘consistent protestantism’ and this was used to defend a particular version of dissent. The protestant aspect to oppositional whiggery has been largely ignored, particularly by those keen to assert the centrality of ‘classical republicanism’ to opposition language in the early Hanoverian period. This article suggests an alternative account of the transmission of the commonwealth tradition and indicates further lines of inquiry into the evolution of whig ideas.</jats:p>
|
POPERY, POLITICS, AND PRIVATE JUDGEMENT IN EARLY HANOVERIAN BRITAIN
|
[
"THOMPSON ANDREW C. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x02002418
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0022029901005325
|
<jats:p>Use of electromyography (EMG) to monitor mastication is a relatively new concept in assessing food physical and sensory properties. Although expert assessment of cheese characteristics is widely used, the effect of training in sensory analysis on mastication patterns, as assessed using EMG is not well known. Nine samples of the same Mahon cheese (60 days ripening) were given to 24 subjects (8 experts, 16 untrained) and EMG recorded for each chewing sequence. Three samples were tested in a single session by each subject, and three sessions carried out on different days. EMG was recorded from four masticatory muscles for each subject. From EMG records the following was extracted: number of chews, chewing time, mean and maximum voltage of EMG bursts (i.e. chews) across chewing sequence, chewing work and chewing rate. No gender bias was found for the EMG parameters considered, therefore, as regards gender, each group was considered to be homogeneous. Variability within-subjects across samples was greater for experts than untrained subjects. Significant differences in chewing time, chewing work and chewing rate were found between the expert and untrained groups. Data analysis of the three sessions showed an influence of cognitive constructs, mediating states, on the chewing process. The experts were found to be goal driven as to their mastication process. Experts showed no significant differences between sessions, untrained subjects were found to vary their EMG output in successive sessions for number of chews, chewing time, mean voltage, and chewing work.</jats:p>
|
Comparison of electromyographic pattern of sensory experts and untrained subjects during chewing of Mahon cheese
|
[
"GONZÁLEZ REMEDIOS ",
"SIFRE SILVIA ",
"BENEDITO JOSÉ ",
"NOGUÉS VIVIANA "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022029901005325
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0022112002008297
|
<jats:p>The linear receptivity of a swept-wing three-dimensional boundary layer is studied
experimentally and theoretically. Cross-flow instability normal modes are excited by
means of surface vibration or roughness perturbations. The resulting disturbances are
investigated, and the normal modes are linked to the source perturbations. Experiments
are performed under controlled disturbance conditions with a time-harmonic
source that is localized in the spanwise direction. A localized surface vibration is
used to excite wave trains consisting of cross-flow instability waves. Normal oblique
modes (harmonic in time and space) are obtained by Fourier decomposition of
the wave trains. This provides the spatial variation of the normal modes and, in
particular, the initial amplitudes and phases of the modes at the source location.
The shape of the surface vibrator is measured and used to determine the complex
receptivity coefficients for the normal modes (i.e. for various spanwise wavenumbers,
wave propagation angles, and disturbance frequencies – including zero frequency).
The experimental receptivity coefficients are independent of the specific shape of
the surface non-uniformities and can be directly compared with calculations. The
theoretical work is based on a linear approximation to the disturbance source – valid
for small forcing amplitudes. Like earlier studies on roughness-induced receptivity, the
basic flow is locally assumed to satisfy the parallel-flow approximation. The modal
response for the cross-flow instability is determined from the residue associated with
the least-stable eigenmode.</jats:p><jats:p>A detailed quantitative comparison between the experimental and theoretical
receptivity characteristics is carried out. Good agreement is found for the
roughness–vibrational receptivity coefficients of the swept-wing boundary layer (especially for the
most-unstable cross-flow modes) over a range of disturbance frequencies and spanwise
wavenumbers. The theory correctly predicts the initial spectra for the travelling
and stationary cross-flow instabilities excited by the surface vibrations and surface
roughness, respectively. The good agreement between theory and experiment suggests
that the linear receptivity theory can be used effectively in engineering methods for
transition prediction. The experimental data can also be used for validation of other
theoretical approaches to the problem.</jats:p>
|
Swept-wing boundary-layer receptivity to surface
non-uniformities
|
[
"GAPONENKO V. R. ",
"IVANOV A. V. ",
"KACHANOV Y. S. ",
"CROUCH J. D. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002008297
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0022112002008315
|
<jats:p>The theory of point vortices in a two-dimensional ideal fluid has a long history, but on
surfaces other than the plane no method of finding periodic motions (except relative
equilibria) of <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> vortices is known. We present one such method and find infinite
families of periodic motions on surfaces possessing certain symmetries, including
spheres, ellipsoids of revolution and cylinders. Our families exhibit bifurcations. <jats:italic>N</jats:italic>
can be made arbitrarily large. Numerical plots of bifurcations are given.</jats:p>
|
Periodic motions of vortices on surfaces
with symmetry
|
[
"SOULIÈRE ANIK ",
"TOKIEDA TADASHI "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002008315
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0022112002008534
|
<jats:p>In previous experiments, the vortex-shedding frequency in the flow around rectangular
prisms has been found to follow a stepwise variation with chord-to-thickness
ratio for two different situations: the natural shedding at low Reynolds number and
the excitation of a resonant transverse acoustic mode of a duct for flows at moderate
Reynolds numbers. This stepwise variation disappears for natural shedding at
Reynolds number higher than approximately 2000; however, it is present at the higher
Reynolds numbers for the acoustically perturbed case. The present experimental study
shows that if the flow is forced by small transverse oscillations, similar in form to the
resonant transverse acoustic mode, the leading-edge and trailing-edge vortex shedding
are locked over a wide range of forcing frequencies. However, a stepwise variation in
the frequency at which peak base drag occurs is found even at these higher Reynolds
numbers. The stepwise frequency variation of vortex shedding in the natural shedding
case and the acoustic resonance case are then explained in terms of preference of the
flow to shed trailing-edge vortices at peak base drag.</jats:p>
|
Response of base suction and vortex shedding
from rectangular prisms to transverse forcing
|
[
"MILLS RICHARD ",
"SHERIDAN JOHN ",
"HOURIGAN KERRY "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002008534
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0022377801001301
|
<jats:p>A modified electron whistler dispersion law is derived in the cold-plasma
approximation for analytical treatment and simplified numerical calculations of
wave propagation in a wide range of ratios ω<jats:sub><jats:italic>c</jats:italic></jats:sub>/ω<jats:sub><jats:italic>p</jats:italic></jats:sub> of electron gyro- to plasma
frequencies if the wave frequency is much less than ω<jats:sub><jats:italic>p</jats:italic></jats:sub>. The net contribution of
ions to the wave dispersion law is expressed through the value of the lower-hybrid
resonance frequency ω<jats:sub><jats:italic>lhr</jats:italic></jats:sub> only. This approximate dispersion law is valid in a wide
frequency domain, that is, from the range of ω<jats:sub><jats:italic>lhr</jats:italic></jats:sub> until the domain where the contribution of ions can be neglected. A comparison of geometrical-optics ray trajectories
calculated by the use of modified and total cold-plasma electron whistler dispersion laws is presented for the case of the Earth's plasma environment. Computer
simulations of dynamical spectra of whistler waves excited by lightning discharges
and registered in remote regions of the Earth's plasmasphere reveal good numerical
stability of the developed ray-tracing code.</jats:p>
|
Modified electron whistler dispersion law
|
[
"LUNDIN B. V. ",
"KRAFFT C. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377801001301
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0025100302000178
|
<jats:p>Kéo is an Austronesian language spoken by approximately 40,000 speakers in central Flores in eastern Indonesia. Hitherto, Kéo has been linguistically undescribed. The data for this article comes from linguistic fieldwork undertaken by the author with native Kéo speakers on the islands of Flores and Bali in Indonesia, and in Canberra, Australia. Other, written sources include (Baird 2001) and (Baird 2002). Kéo has been said to belong to the Ende-Lio languages of the Bima-Sumba subgroup of the Central Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian family (B. Grimes 1988, C. Grimes et al. 1997). The Central/Eastern Malayo-Polynesian grouping has been proposed by Blust, but this is not strongly supported by the comparative method. Likewise, there is very little evidence to support the notion of a Bima-Sumba subgroup at this stage. Much more linguistic work needs to be undertaken in the region before precise genetic relationships can be established.</jats:p>
|
Kéo
|
[
"Baird Louise "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025100302000178
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0034412502006005
|
<jats:p>In this paper I reply to Keith Yandell's recent charge that Anselmian theists cannot also be Trinitarians. Yandell's case turns on the contention that it is impossible to individuate Trinitarian members, if they exist necessarily. Since the ranks of Anselmian Trinitarians includes the likes of Alvin Plantinga, Robert Adams, and Thomas Flint, Yandell's claim is of considerable interest and import. I argue, by contrast, that Anselmians can appeal to what Plantinga calls an essence or haecceity – a property essentially unique to an object – to distinguish Trinitarian members. I go on to show that the main Yandellian objection to this individuative strategy is not successful.</jats:p>
|
Haecceities, individuation and the Trinity: a reply to Keith Yandell
|
[
"DAVIS RICHARD BRIAN "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0034412502006005
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0261143002002106
|
<jats:p>This paper explores some forms of rock/rap hybridity and a historically related shift toward a greater eclecticism in consumption practices in popular music in the United States in the late 1990s, a period marked by the decline of rock as the dominant mode of popular music. This decline has repercussions not simply for a musical style, but additionally for the privileged subjects who are both the producers and consumers of that music: predominantly white, middle-class males. A number of different strategies have emerged which attempt to develop new positions for these white suburbanites to occupy in the contemporary music-cultural terrain in order to re-assert their hegemony as both producers and consumers. On the producers' side, the most common strategy has been to develop hybrid forms which combine rock with styles of its musical competitors – most notably, of hip hop music and culture. On the consumer side, the response has been the emergence of a ‘neo-eclectic’ form of listening where a number of formerly disparate or even hostile musical forms are consumed by a single (white suburban) individual.</jats:p>
|
The racial politics of hybridity and ‘neo-eclecticism’ in contemporary popular music
|
[
"Middleton Jason ",
"Beebe Roger "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0261143002002106
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0266078402003048
|
<jats:p>A study of commercial names that extends <jats:italic>ET</jats:italic>'s on-going discussion of ‘shop-sign English’ and similar phenomena from Europe and Asia into Latin America.</jats:p><jats:p>A large body of literature describes the use of English loanwords all over the world. When it comes to developing nations, one of the most common explanations for such a phenomenon is the superiority attributed to what is foreign, especially when business and advertising are involved. This article discusses the phenomenon of English loanwords and advertising using the case of Brazil as a scenario. It exemplifies the many motivations that lead to the incorporation of English into the world of business and advertising, and argues for a comprehensive view of this phenomenon, balancing external and internal forces contributing to the use of English.</jats:p>
|
English in advertising and brand naming: sociolinguistic considerations and the case of Brazil
|
[
"Friedrich Patricia "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266078402003048
| 2,002 |
July
|
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10.1017/s0266467402002377
|
<jats:p>In tropical forests, severe droughts caused by El Niño events may strongly influence the water relations of tree seedlings and thereby increase their mortality. Data on known-aged seedlings of three common shade-tolerant canopy tree species (<jats:italic>Trichilia tuberculata, Tetragastris panamensis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Quararibea asterolepis</jats:italic>) in a Panamanian moist forest are presented. Seedling survival during a severe El Niño dry season (1997-98) was compared with prior long-term survival data, and levels of drought stress were assessed by measuring plant water potentials and gas exchange characteristics. Contrary to prediction, dry-season seedling survival was not dramatically reduced in any species compared with that expected in ‘normal’ years. In <jats:italic>Trichilia</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Quararibea</jats:italic>, pre-dawn water potentials averaged −2 MPa and midday water potentials about −3 MPa. Stomatal conductances were very low, averaging 26 mmol m<jats:sup>-2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> for <jats:italic>Tetragastris</jats:italic> and 11–13 mmol m<jats:sup>-2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> for <jats:italic>Trichilia</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Quararibea</jats:italic>. Photosynthetic rates also were very low but consistently positive, averaging 0.8–1.1 μmol m<jats:sup>-2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup>. The findings suggest that, once established, seedlings of common tree species in this semi-deciduous forest may be tolerant of drought events.</jats:p>
|
Survival and ecophysiology of tree seedlings during El Niño drought in a tropical moist forest in Panama
|
[
"Engelbrecht Bettina M. J. ",
"Wright S. Joseph ",
"De Steven Diane "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002377
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0266467402002419
|
<jats:p>Because of its position on the northern margin of the tropics (22° 17′N) and the southern coast of a huge continent, Hong Kong has a climate in which both temperature and rainfall are highly seasonal. Although summer temperatures are equatorial, the January mean is only 15.8 °C,and the absolute minimum recorded at sea level is 0 °C (Dudgeon & Corlett 1994). As a result, all aspects of the ecology of Hong Kong show seasonal changes. The most dramatic changes occur in the bird fauna, with the majority of species migratory (Carey <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> 2001). The winter fruiting peak in secondary shrublands and the forest understorey coincides with the arrival of partially frugivorous migrant robins and thrushes (Corlett 1993). However, while resident insectivore-frugivores consume almost entirely fruit during this period (Corlett 1998), all the winter visitors continue to eat insects and some (e.g. <jats:italic>Phylloscopus</jats:italic> warblers) are entirely insectivorous. The study of insect seasonality reported here formed part of a 30-mo study of the seasonality of a forest bird community in Hong Kong
(Kwok & Corlett 1999, 2000). Plant names follow Corlett <jats:italic>et al.</jats:italic> (2000).</jats:p>
|
Seasonality of forest invertebrates in Hong Kong, South China
|
[
"Kai Kwok Hon ",
"Corlett Richard T. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002419
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0305000902005147
|
<jats:p>Two nonce-word studies examined German-speaking children's productivity with the <jats:italic>Perfekt</jats:italic> (present perfect) from 2;6 to 3;6. The German <jats:italic>Perfekt</jats:italic> consists of the past participle of the main verb and an inflected form of an auxiliary (either <jats:italic>haben</jats:italic> ‘have’ or <jats:italic>sein</jats:italic> ‘be’). In Study 1, nonce verbs were either introduced in the infinitival form, and children (seventy-two children, aged 2;6 to 3;6) were tested on their ability to produce the <jats:italic>Perfekt</jats:italic>, or introduced in the <jats:italic>Perfekt</jats:italic>, and children were tested on their ability to produce the infinitive. In Study 2 twenty-four children aged 3;6 were given the past participle form of nonce verbs to see if they could supply the appropriate auxiliary (based mainly on verb semantics). The results were that many children as young as 2;6 used past participles productively (more than used infinitival forms productively), but all children had much difficulty in supplying both auxiliaries appropriately. The current findings suggest that mastery of the <jats:italic>Perfekt</jats:italic> construction as a whole does not take place before the age of four and that frequency of exposure is an important factor in determining the age at which children acquire grammatical constructions.</jats:p>
|
German children's productivity with tense morphology: the <b><i>Perfekt</i></b> (present perfect)
|
[
"WITTEK ANGELIKA ",
"TOMASELLO MICHAEL "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305000902005147
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0305004101005734
|
<jats:p>In this paper we prove a number of inequalities between the signature and the Betti
numbers of a 4-manifold with even intersection form and prescribed fundamental
group. Furthermore, we introduce a new geometric group invariant and discuss some
of its properties.</jats:p>
|
On the signatures of even 4-manifolds
|
[
"BOHR CHRISTIAN "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305004101005734
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0305004101005783
|
<jats:p>In [<jats:bold>4</jats:bold>], it is proved that there exists a ‘unique’ adapted Lagrangian isometric
immersion of a real-space-form <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>n</jats:italic></jats:sup>(<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) of constant sectional curvature <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> into a
complex-space-form
<jats:italic>M</jats:italic>˜<jats:sup><jats:italic>n</jats:italic></jats:sup>(4<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) of constant sectional curvature 4<jats:italic>c</jats:italic> associated with each twisted
product decomposition of a real-space-form if its twistor form is twisted closed.
Conversely, if <jats:italic>L</jats:italic>: <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>n</jats:italic></jats:sup>(<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) → <jats:italic>M</jats:italic>˜<jats:sup><jats:italic>n</jats:italic></jats:sup>(4<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) is a non-totally geodesic Lagrangian isometric
immersion of a real-space-form <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>n</jats:italic></jats:sup>(<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) into a complex-space-form <jats:italic>M</jats:italic>˜<jats:sup><jats:italic>n</jats:italic></jats:sup>(4<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>), then <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>n</jats:italic></jats:sup>(<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>)
admits an appropriate twisted product decomposition with twisted closed twistor
form and, moreover, the immersion <jats:italic>L</jats:italic> is determined by the corresponding adapted
Lagrangian isometric immersion of the twisted product decomposition. It is natural
to ask the explicit expressions of adapted Lagrangian isometric immersions of
twisted product decompositions of real-space-forms <jats:italic>M</jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>n</jats:italic></jats:sup>(<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) into complex-space-forms
<jats:italic>M</jats:italic>˜<jats:sup><jats:italic>n</jats:italic></jats:sup>(4<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) for each case: <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> = 0, <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> > 0 and <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> < 0.</jats:p>
|
Explicit construction of Lagrangian isometric immersion of a
real-space-form <b><i>M</i></b><sup><b><i>n</i></b></sup>(<b><i>c</i></b>) into a complex-space-form <b><i>M</i></b>˜<sup><b><i>n</i></b></sup>(4<b><i>c</i></b>)
|
[
"OH YUN MYUNG "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305004101005783
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0305004101005813
|
<jats:p>We investigate uniform perfectness of the Julia set of a transcendental meromorphic
function with finitely many poles and prove that the Julia set of such a meromorphic
function is not uniformly perfect if it has only bounded components. The
Julia set of an entire function is uniformly perfect if and only if the Julia set including
infinity is connected and every component of the Fatou set is simply connected. Furthermore
if an entire function has a finite deficient value in the sense of Nevanlinna,
then it has no multiply connected stable domains. Finally, we give some examples of
meromorphic functions with uniformly perfect Julia sets.</jats:p>
|
On uniformly perfect boundary of stable domains in iteration of
meromorphic functions II
|
[
"JIAN-HUA ZHENG "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0305004101005813
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0373463302001704
|
<jats:p>The following is the second part of an extract from the memoirs of Dr. J. A. Pierce who was deeply involved in the development of radionavigation aids in the USA between 1941 and 1973. These are, of course, personal reminiscences, and some issues might be challenged by others working in the same field at the time. However, they give a remarkable insight into the problems faced by the scientists of the day and how they were overcome. The editing principle used here has been to rigorously preserve Dr. Pierce's own wording while eliminating those parts of a purely personal nature. The entire original document without cuts may be found on www.internationalnavigation.org.</jats:p>
|
Technical Extracts from the Memoirs of Dr. J. A. Pierce
|
[
"Blanchard Walter F. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0373463302001704
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0952836902000778
|
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The remarkable diversity in chromosome number within <jats:italic>Planipapillus</jats:italic> Reid 1996, the most speciose genus of peripatopsid onychophorans, centred in the alpine region of south‐eastern Australia is documented. Robertsonian, whole‐arm rearrangements account for the twofold range of diploid numbers in <jats:italic>Planipapillus</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Ooperipatellus</jats:italic> Ruhberg 1985, another clade of oviparous onychophorans, shows a very different pattern, with no karyotypic diversity among species from Australia and New Zealand. Rate constancy in chromosomal evolution among peripatopsid genera would indicate an ancient radiation in <jats:italic>Planipapillus</jats:italic>, with extant species representing relictual survivors of more recent Pleistocene climatic upheavals. Conversely, if the rearrangements in <jats:italic>Planipapillus</jats:italic> are the result of recent and rapid karyotypic restructuring, the karyotypic and species diversity within the genus may be attributed to recent population fragmentation and isolation resulting from the repeated glaciation and warming cycles of the Pleistocene rather than stemming from a more ancient radiation. Data from other animal groups support a model of accelerated rates of Robertsonian centric fusions concordant with a recent radiation in <jats:italic>Planipapillus</jats:italic>. Karyotype change may be an important factor in the generation and maintenance of <jats:italic>Planipapillus</jats:italic> diversity.</jats:p>
|
Extensive Robertsonian rearrangement: implications for the radiation and biogeography of <i>Planipapillus</i> Reid (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae)
|
[
"Rowell D. M. ",
"Rockman M. V. ",
"Tait N. N. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952836902000778
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0954586701001410
|
<jats:p>Parma's lavish commemoration of the centennial of Verdi's birth took to an extreme the post-Unification trend to memorialize great figures of Italy's past. This essay examines the encyclopedic nature of the commemoration in the context of the local and national political climate. Its reception and display were symptomatic of contemporary changes in the physical sites of politics, sharing features with later, more overtly nationalist exhibitions and suggesting a symbiotic relationship between culture and ideology. The reception history of the monument to Verdi built on this occasion, however, warns against historical generalizations, underlining the contingency of the interactions between art, politics and ideology, and demonstrating that current concerns with nationalism often obscure more than they clarify.</jats:p>
|
Cults of sacred memory: Parma and the Verdi centennial celebrations of 1913
|
[
"BASINI LAURA "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954586701001410
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0956793302000225
|
<jats:p>The analyses and interpretations that the social sciences have been making in recent decades on the theme of common property call for a fresh look at the history of the commons. Such a vision no longer considers them as resources necessarily destined to disappear, but rather attempts to discover what forces have acted on their historical trajectory. From this perspective, this paper analyses the evolution of common lands in Spain over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. To that end, it rests on an interpretative proposal that, over time, common lands in Spain have experienced an alteration in their economic usefulness and have had to transform themselves in order to adapt to changing situations. In this context, the various agricultural and, indeed, general economic conjunctures, the evolution of social forces, as well as the make-up of the political system, have all played a major part in the greater or lesser persistence of the commons, in their forms of use and in their more or less successful adaptation to new situations.</jats:p>
|
Common Lands in Spain, 1800–1995: Persistence, Change and Adaptation
|
[
"IRIARTE-GOÑI IÑAKI "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956793302000225
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0957423901001096
|
<jats:p>Avicenna refers on a number of occasions in his Book of the Syllogism to “the eminent later scholar” (<jats:italic>al-fā[ddotu]il min al-muta'a[hbrevu][hbrevu]irī</jats:italic>). At least three recent studies have argued or assumed that this eminent later scholar is Alexander of Aphrodisias. It is argued in this article that Avicenna is in fact referring to Alfarabi. This has consequences for reconstructing the lost first part of Alfarabi's <jats:italic>Great Commentary on the Prior Analytics</jats:italic>, for highlighting certain aspects of Alfarabi's logical doctrines, and for understanding more about the relation between Avicenna and Alfarabi in matters logical.</jats:p>
|
“The Eminent Later Scholar” in Avicenna's <i>Book of the Syllogism</i>
|
[
"Street Tony "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0957423901001096
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0957423902002072
|
<jats:p>The aim of this work is to end the debate about the widespread acceptance among specialists, that the 6th century Byzantium treatise by Cassianus reached Muslim scholars by means of two routes: a “direct” translation from Greek into Arabic (<jats:italic>Filā[hdotu]a rūmiyya</jats:italic> attributed to <jats:bold>Qus[tdotu]ūs</jats:bold>) and the other “indirect” translation by means of a Persian translation (<jats:italic>Filā[hdotu]a fārisiyya</jats:italic> attributed to either <jats:bold>Kasīnūs</jats:bold> or <jats:bold>Qus[tdotu]ūs</jats:bold>). Thanks to a comparison of the texts, one can prove beyond all doubt that there was only a secondary translation route into Arabic from the Persian version. Additionally, this work highlights the significant influence of the <jats:italic>Filā[hdotu]a rūmiyya</jats:italic> on the Andalusian agronomy. The most influenced subjects are pointed out and those agronomic sources derived from this treatise and the 10th century Greek <jats:italic>Geoponica</jats:italic> (based on Cassianus) are studied. This study allows us to conclude that the later work was never translated into Arabic, therefore, the Andalusian agronomists only had access to the Arabic versions of Anatolius and Cassianus to which the Pseudo-<jats:bold>Qus[tdotu]ūs'</jats:bold> work was later added.</jats:p>
|
La <i>Filā[hdotu]a yūnāniyya</i> and the Arabo-andalusian Treatises on Agriculture
|
[
"Carabaza Bravo Julia María "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0957423902002072
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0958344002000216
|
<jats:p>The central question in this paper is whether Web technology has the potential
to add value to face-to-face language teaching in the form of activities that cannot be realized
fully in a traditional classroom. While arguments will be presented for and against e-learning,
our conclusion is that the latest human-machine interfaces offer an environment for interactive
learning that can foster the acquisition of communicative skills. The paper argues that one of the
great strengths of the Web is the potential to engage students in creative information gap activities
and real experiential learning in the form of meaningful, process-oriented projects in authentic
settings. Evidence will be drawn from three sources:</jats:p><jats:p>[bull ] The current literature on new learning approaches.</jats:p><jats:p>[bull ] The latest best-practice applications, such as Webquests, Voice Chat, MOOs and innovative
co-operative ventures.</jats:p><jats:p>[bull ] The findings of two large research studies by the author on
students’ perceptions of Web-based language learning in school and tertiary settings.</jats:p><jats:p>The paper emphasises the importance of creating connectivity rather than content.</jats:p>
|
<i>The web as a vehicle for constructivist approaches in language teaching</i>
|
[
"FELIX USCHI "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0958344002000216
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0958344002001313
|
<jats:p>With innovative ways available to assess language performance through the use of
computer technology, practitioners have to rethink their preferred strategies of language testing.
It is necessary to take into account both the new developments in language learning and teaching
research and also the latest features computers have to offer to help with language assessment.
In addition to best practices developed over the years in the field, it is necessary for
provision to be made for authentic assessments of intercultural communication abilities. After a
review of the latest language-testing literature and a discussion of the current problems
identified in it, this paper explores the latest developments in computer technology and
proposes areas of language testing in the light of the new findings. A practical application
follows. This is an adaptation, in a school board in Ontario, of the latest evaluation model.
The model represents unit planning as an isosceles triangle with assessed assignments stacked
in horizontal bands from the base to the vertex, i.e. the top. The suggestion is offered that
this approach can be enriched, by changing the triangle into a pyramid with a different model
on each side. Access to the four sides by rotation of the pyramid allows a broader range of
activities culminating in one final assessment task at the summit.</jats:p>
|
<i>Computer-assisted second language assessment: to the top of the pyramid</i>
|
[
"MYERS MARIE J. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0958344002001313
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0960129501003565
|
<jats:p>Relational structures offer a common framework for handling graphs and hypergraphs of
various kinds. Operations like disjoint union, the creation of new relations by means of
quantifier-free formulas, and relabellings of relations make it possible to denote them using
algebraic expressions. It is known that every monadic second-order property of a structure is
verifiable in time proportional to the size of such an algebraic expression defining it. We
prove here that this result remains true if we also use in these algebraic expressions a <jats:italic>fusion</jats:italic>
operation that fuses all elements of the domain satisfying some unary predicate. The value
mapping from these algebraic expressions to the structures they denote is a <jats:italic>monadic
second-order definable transduction</jats:italic>, which means that the structure is definable inside the
tree representing the algebraic expression by monadic second-order formulas. It follows (by
using results of other articles) that, with this fusion operation, we cannot generate more
graph families, but we can generate them with less unary auxiliary predicates. We also
obtain clear-cut characterizations of <jats:italic>Vertex Replacement</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Hyperedge Replacement</jats:italic>
context-free graph grammars in terms of four types of operations, amongst which is the
fusion of vertices satisfying a specified predicate.</jats:p>
|
Fusion in relational structures and the verification of monadic second-order properties
|
[
"COURCELLE B. ",
"MAKOWSKY J. A. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960129501003565
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0960428602000045
|
<jats:p>A molecular phylogenetic study based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences and plastid rps16 intron sequences on the status of the genus Gymnocarpos (Paronychioideae, Caryophyllaceae) is presented. Gymnocarpos decandrus and Sclerocephalus arabicus form a strongly supported clade within a well-supported group consisting also of G. przewalskii, and the rest of Gymnocarpos. Re-examination of morphological characters also supports this conclusion. Paronychia is found to be polyphyletic, with the subgenera Paronychia and Siphonychia forming a strongly supported sister group to Gymnocarpos, whereas P. kapela and P. chlorothyrsa (representing subgen. Anoplonychia) are found to be related to Herniaria and Philippiella. A key to the 10 species recognized in Gymnocarpos is presented, as well as synoptical information on nomenclature and distributions.</jats:p>
|
CIRCUMSCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF GYMNOCARPOS (CARYOPHYLLACEAE-PARONYCHIOIDEAE)
|
[
"OXELMAN B. ",
"AHLGREN B. ",
"THULIN M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960428602000045
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0960428602000070
|
<jats:p>Syzygium cratermontensis, S. kipidamasii, S. pseudomegistophyllum and S. ubogoensis are newly described from Papua New Guinea. Some notes on the taxonomic position and geographic distribution of S. megistophyllum Merrill & Perry are also provided.</jats:p>
|
NOTES AND NEW SPECIES IN PAPUASIAN SYZYGIUM (MYRTACEAE)
|
[
"TAKEUCHI W. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960428602000070
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0960428602000094
|
<jats:p>Two new species, Saussurea bhutkesh and S. kanaii, belonging to subgenus Eriocoryne (DC.) Hook.f., are described from the Nepal Himalaya. S. bhutkesh differs from S. nishiokae Kitam. in having uniseriate scattered phyllaries and golden yellow hairs on the leaves. S. kanaii differs from S. topkegolensis H. Ohba & S. Akiyama in having conspicuously laciniate leaves with dense white tomentose hairs on the abaxial surface. A key is provided to the Nepalese species of the subgenus.</jats:p>
|
TWO NEW SPECIES OF SAUSSUREA SUBGENUS ERIOCORYNE (ASTERACEAE) FROM THE NEPAL HIMALAYA
|
[
"FUJIKAWA K. ",
"OHBA H. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960428602000094
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0960428602000100
|
<jats:p>Rhodothamnus sessilifolius P.H. Davis (Ericaceae) was until recently known only from two gatherings from NE Turkey, and had not been seen since 1960. The type locality was re-found in 2000, together with two new populations. An emended description of this rare species is provided, including details of the first fruiting material and seeds to have been collected, and notes on its ecology.</jats:p>
|
AN EMENDED DESCRIPTION FOR RHODOTHAMNUS SESSILIFOLIUS P.H. DAVIS (ERICACEAE)
|
[
"TERZIOĞLU S. ",
"MILNE R. I. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960428602000100
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0960428602000136
|
<jats:p>..</jats:p>
|
New combinations and records for Hieracium L. and Pilosella Hill (Asteraceae) in Turkey
|
[
"COŞKUNÇELEBİ K. ",
"BEYAZOĞLU O. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960428602000136
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0960428602000148
|
<jats:p>..</jats:p>
|
A new species of Agalmyla (Gesneriaceae) from Sulawesi
|
[
"HILLIARD O. M. ",
"BURTT B. L. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960428602000148
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0960428602220156
|
<jats:p>..</jats:p>
|
Nitrogen Assimilation by Plants: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects. Edited by Jean-François Morot-Gaudry. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers Inc. 2001. vi + 466pp. ISBN 1 57808 139 4. £83.00 (hardback). DOI: 10.10M/S0960428602220156
|
[
"SPRENT J. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960428602220156
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0960777302002084
|
<jats:p>Pierre-Jean Benghozi and Christian Delage, eds., <jats:italic>Une histoire économique du cinéma français (1895–1995): Regards croisés franco-américains</jats:italic> (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1997), 364pp., €28.97, ISBN 2-7384-5852-1. Laurent Creton, <jats:italic>Economie du cinéma: perspectives stratégiques</jats:italic> (Paris: Nathan, collection ‘Nathan Université’, 1994), 288 pp., €21.19, ISBN 209-190-219-5. Laurent Creton, <jats:italic>Cinéma et marché</jats:italic> (Paris: Armand Colin, collection ‘U’, 1997), 254 pp., €20.58, ISBN 2-200-01769-3. Eric Dubet, <jats:italic>Economie du cinéma européen: de l'interventionnisme à l'action entrepreneuriale</jats:italic> Paris: L'Harmattan, 2000), 286 pp., €22.87, ISBN 2-7384-9043-3. Martin Dale, <jats:italic>The Movie Game: The Film Business in Britain, Europe and America</jats:italic> (London: Cassell, 1997), 340 pp., $19.95 (pb), ISBN 0-304-33387-5. Jean-Michel Frodon, <jats:italic>La projection nationale: cinéma et nation</jats:italic>, collection ‘Le champ méthodologique’ (Paris: Odile Jacob, 1998), 248 pp., €20.58, ISBN 2-7381-0586-6. Andrew Higson and Richard Maltby, eds., <jats:italic>Film Europe and Film America: Cinema, Commerce and Cultural Exchange (1920–1939)</jats:italic> (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1999), 406 pp., £40.00, ISBN 0-85989-546-7. Albert Moran, ed., <jats:italic>Film Policy: International, National and Regional Perspectives</jats:italic> (London: Routledge, 1996), 286 pp., $24.99, ISBN 0-415-09791-6. David Puttnam, <jats:italic>The Undeclared War: The Struggle for Control of the World's Film Industry</jats:italic> (London: HarperCollins, 1997), 414 pp., £7.99 (pb), ISBN 0-00-255675-8. Jonathan Rosenbaum, <jats:italic>Movie Wars: How Hollywood and the Media Conspire to Limit What Films We Can See</jats:italic> (Chicago: A Cappella, 2000), 228 pp., $24.00, ISBN 1-55652-406-4.</jats:p>
|
The Economics of Cinema: History, Strategic Choices and Cultural Policy
|
[
"Sojcher Fréderic "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960777302002084
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0962279901000321
|
<jats:p>The first site of contact between maternal and fetal tissue at the beginning of blastocyst attachment and implantation is the plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells. Indeed, as has been noted often, regardless of the mode of placentation which ultimately occurs, contact between this plasma membrane and that of the trophoblast is a common beginning to implantation in most species studied so far, which now range from viviparous lizards to human beings. The similarities in these early events of uterine receptivity and placentation go further than mere contact between opposing surfaces however. A considerable body of evidence indicates that the behaviour of the plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells during early pregnancy has many common aspects across species including humans. This review pays special attention to events in the human uterus and the epithelial cells in particular, but examines them within the wider context of uterine receptivity for implantation across species.</jats:p>
|
THE PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSFORMATION: A KEY CONCEPT IN UTERINE RECEPTIVITY
|
[
"Murphy CR "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0962279901000321
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0962279901000333
|
<jats:p>The treatment of male infertility by the utilization of donor insemination goes back many decades. Initially, fresh semen was used, usually brokered by a medical practitioner, the donors delivering the sperm as the recipient was about to ovulate, with the insemination being carried out by the doctor. There was no screening of the semen specimen, nor any attempt at matching for physical characteristics.</jats:p>
|
DONOR INSEMINATION
|
[
"Kovacs GT "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0962279901000333
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0962279901000345
|
<jats:p>It is estimated that 50–80% of menstruating women experience some degree of physical and psychological premenstrual symptomatology and that 3–5% have symptoms of sufficient severity to disrupt social or psychological functioning. The diagnosis of clinically significant premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is applicable when at least one moderate to severe physical and psychological symptom occurs for up to two weeks prior to menses with remission by the end of the menstrual flow. Symptoms should cause functional impairment and must be documented prospectively for at least two consecutive menstrual cycles. Table 1 lists the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) criteria set for the diagnosis of PMS.</jats:p>
|
PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME: GYNAECOLOGY OR PSYCHIATRY?
|
[
"Rapkin A ",
"Mikacich J "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0962279901000345
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0963548301005090
|
<jats:p>Let <jats:italic>G</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>r</jats:italic></jats:sub> denote a graph chosen uniformly at random from the set of <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>-regular graphs with
vertex set
{1,2, …, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>}, where 3 [les ] <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> [les ] <jats:italic>c</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub><jats:italic>n</jats:italic> for some small constant <jats:italic>c</jats:italic><jats:sub>0</jats:sub>. We prove that, with
probability tending to 1 as <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>
→ ∞, <jats:italic>G</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>r</jats:italic></jats:sub> is <jats:italic>r</jats:italic>-connected and Hamiltonian.</jats:p>
|
Random Regular Graphs
of Non-Constant Degree:
Connectivity and Hamiltonicity
|
[
"COOPER COLIN ",
"FRIEZE ALAN ",
"REED BRUCE "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0963548301005090
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0967199402002162
|
<jats:p>In the present study we determined the chromatin organization and fate of introduced mitochondria in porcine embryos following intracytoplasmic injection of pig or mouse sperm cells. At 3, 6, 9 and 12 h following injection of pig or mouse spermatozoa or isolated sperm heads, the oocytes were fixed and stained with propidium iodide. Between 3 and 6 h following injection, both porcine and murine sperm chromatin developed into pronuclei. The male and female pronuclei were apposed within 12 h in porcine oocytes following sperm injection from either source. We also introduced foreign mitochondria from either mouse or pig sperm midpiece into porcine oocytes following sperm injection. While porcine sperm mitochondria rapidly disappeared from the actively developing porcine oocytes, mouse sperm mitochondria remained in the embryos until the 8-cell stage. These results suggest that pronuclear formation and movement occur between 6 and 12 h following sperm incorporation into the cytoplasm, and that foreign mitochondria are selectively removed in a species-specific manner.</jats:p>
|
Male pronuclear formation and sperm mitochondria in porcine oocytes following intracytoplasmic injection of pig or mouse sperm
|
[
"Lee Youn-Jeong ",
"Kim Bong-Ki ",
"Cui Xiang Shun ",
"Kim Nam-Hyung "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0967199402002162
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s0968565001000221
|
<jats:p>Count Mollien, councillor and Minister of the Treasury of Napoléon, was at the same time a theorist who extended Adam Smith's analysis of banknotes and a man of action who worked with success on the application of his ideas. He showed that the solidity of the banknotes relied on the quality of the discounted bills when they are put into circulation, and rejected the risk of excessive issue, thereby disseminating the real bills doctrine in France. Furthermore, he studied the conditions in which the issue should take place and put forward some proposals that led to the organisation of the working rules of Banque de France.</jats:p>
|
Mollien's contribution to the analysis of the bank of issue
|
[
"JACOUD GILLES "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0968565001000221
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s1062798702000121
|
<jats:p>The tradition of astronomy in Europe has been unbroken from the Neolithic and Bronze Age menhir monuments of north-western Europe to its large telescopes and space-probes. While astronomy still retains practical features, in most part it now concentrates on discovering new science. Recent advances include the discovery of previously unsuspected properties of neutrinos, confirmation of the theory of general relativity near black holes and the successful development of a coherent theory of the origin of the Universe in the Big Bang. These discoveries suggest that 19/20ths of the density of the Universe is of unknown form. There is more to do!</jats:p>
|
Introduction: the development of astronomy in Europe
|
[
"MURDIN PAUL "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1062798702000121
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s1367943002002159
|
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In the UK, hen harriers (<jats:italic>Circus cyaneus</jats:italic>) are illegally killed on moorland that is managed for red grouse (<jats:italic>Lagopus lagopus scoticus</jats:italic>), and they produce fewer young per female on grouse moorland than on either unmanaged moorland or forestry. However, those breeding attempts on grouse moorland that escape nest destruction produce more young than in other land‐use classes. One explanation for this difference is that food is more available to harriers on managed moorland than elsewhere. To examine this hypothesis, we compared the capture rates of hunting male harriers on sites across Scotland. Four of these sites were managed for grouse whilst the remaining three consisted of either unmanaged moorland or a mixture of unmanaged moorland and young forestry plantations. We found a significant difference in capture rates, with harriers on managed grouse moorland capturing prey at a greater rate than elsewhere, supporting the idea that prey were more available on grouse moorland. However, there was no difference in strike rates between the land‐use classes, suggesting that prey were not necessarily more abundant on grouse moors. Males on unmanaged moorland tended to catch larger prey, though this was insufficient to compensate fully for the reduced capture rates. The improved hunting success on grouse moorland means that this habitat is likely to be more attractive to breeding harriers, thereby increasing the conflict between those interested in maximizing grouse numbers and those interested in conserving rare raptors.</jats:p>
|
Hen harrier foraging success in relation to land use in Scotland
|
[
"Redpath Steve ",
"Amar Arjun ",
"Madders Mike ",
"Leckie Fiona ",
"Thirgood Simon "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1367943002002159
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s1464793101005863
|
<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>When females are inseminated by more than one male (polyandry) sexual selection continues after insemination in the form of sperm competition and cryptic female choice. The sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis proposes that, under the risk of sperm competition, additive variation in male traits determining fertilising effciency will select for female propensity to be polyandrous in order to increase the probability of producing sons with superior fertilising effciency. Two factors complicate this prediction: sex‐biased transmission of male fertilising effciency traits and sexual antagonism of sex‐limited traits, fostered by sexbiased inheritance. Here, we (i) review the evidence that male traits contributing towards fertilising effciency are heritable through sex‐biased mechanisms, and (ii) explore the evolutionary implications for male and female reproductive strategies caused by both sex‐biased transmission and sexual antagonism of fertilising effciency traits. Many male fertilising effciency traits are heritable through sex‐biased mechanisms and may not necessarily increase female fitness. The predictions of the sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis change dramatically under these different mechanisms of inheritance of fertilising effciency traits, and different fitness pay‐offs derived by females from the expression of such traits. Both sex‐biased control of fertilising effciency and sexual antagonism may also be important in explaining the maintenance of the genetic variance and selection potential of fertilising effciency. We propose that a useful approach to test the sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis is to combine studies which identify behavioural and physiological mechanisms explaining variation in reproductive success with artificial selection experiments to infer the underlying evolutionary patterns.</jats:p>
|
The sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis: sexbiased inheritance and sexual antagonism
|
[
"PIZZARI T. ",
"BIRKHEAD T. R. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1464793101005863
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s1474746402001045
|
<jats:p>In this paper we describe regional differences in partnering and parenting within Britain, using indices of the ‘Motherhood Employment Effect’ to indicate different geographical levels of adherence to the ‘traditional’ male breadwinner/female homemaker family, and of ‘Family Conventionality’ to indicate geographical differences in ‘good-enough parenting’. The geography of family formations thus described does not follow the better known ‘north–south’ or ‘urban–rural’ geographies of economic performance and prosperity, and we speculate as to how this relatively unfamiliar family geography may be related to the existence of regional gender cultures.</jats:p>
|
Family Geographies and Gender Cultures
|
[
"Duncan Simon ",
"Smith Darren "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474746402001045
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s1474746402001057
|
<jats:p>For much of the post-war period, the advanced industrial nations of Europe congratulated themselves on having it both ways: successful capitalist economies which also provided effective welfare states – affluence plus social justice. Commentators have traditionally seen social democracy as the friend of social welfare. More recently, the virtuous liaison of social democratic politics with successful democratic welfare capitalism has been called into question. Welfare states face pressures from economic globalisation, population ageing, spending constraint and changes in labour markets and in family patterns; it is argued that traditional social democratic approaches find it difficult to pursue policies that will enable welfare states to adapt and continue to combine high social standards with economic growth in the changed conditions of the twenty-first century. In short, the social democratic welfare state is outmoded.</jats:p>
|
Introduction: Themed Section on Social Welfare and Social Democracy
|
[
"Taylor-Gooby Peter "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474746402001057
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s1474746402001082
|
<jats:p>It has been claimed that there is a global Third Way (TW) debate. Giddens (2001: 1) writes that, ‘Across the world left of centre governments are attempting to institute third way programmes – whether or not they favour the term itself. ‘ He claims that there are self-declared third way parties in power in the UK, New Zealand, Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, Argentina and Chile, among many other countries. Similarly, according to Blair (2001), the ideas associated with the TW are still the wave of the future for progressive politics. From Latin America to Europe to parts of Asia, TW politics or ‘progressive government’ is exerting a huge influence on global politics. The TW is seen as a trailblazer for a new global social policy, a new model for a new millennium (e.g. McGuire, 1998/9). One of the main blueprints for the new politics (Giddens, 1998) has been translated into many languages. A number of international meetings in Paris and Florence have discussed the TW. British Prime Minister Tony Blair and German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder issued a joint paper, ‘The Third Way/Die Neue Mitte’ (Blair and Schröder, 1999) that was drafted by Peter Mandelson and Bodo Hombach. Hombach's book has been translated into English as ‘The New Centre’ (Hombach, 2000), with a preface by Tony Giddens and an introduction by Mark Leonard.</jats:p>
|
Third Ways in Europe?
|
[
"Bonoli Giuliano ",
"Powell Martin "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474746402001082
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1017/s1474746402003093
|
<jats:p>In Sweden, youth matters increasingly form a political field of their own. Youth politics may be related to governance and policy research on the one hand, and research on young people's lives on the other. Both have been influenced by similar questions, concerning the freedom of actors and the power of structures. Research specifically on youth politics is however scanty, in Sweden and internationally. The article analyses recent Swedish youth politics, based on interviews with local politicians and officials. Questions posed are: Which youth matters are prioritised at the local political agenda, and why? How is the division of responsibilities in youth matters between different actors perceived? Which importance and functions are attributed to local youth projects? To what extent do recent youth politics mirror late-modern assumptions of self-governance, individual choice and risk-taking? To what extent do they reflect assumptions of an earlier dominant social welfare paradigm? It is concluded that local youth politics in general contain elements of collectivist welfare thinking, and a neo-liberal or post-modern ideology is barely visible. Nevertheless, flexibility, autonomy and decentralisation assumptions about local authorities and young people become more prominent around youth projects. The municipality is also more likely to be identified as a strategic, risk-taking actor here.</jats:p>
|
Local Youth Projects: Political Rhetoric and Strategies. The Swedish Case
|
[
"Lundahl Lisbeth "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474746402003093
| 2,002 |
July
|
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10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460501.x
|
<jats:p>The diagnostic meaningfulness of patch tests with house dust mite allergens is still questionable. Our own impression has been that positive results with a dermatophagoides mix may occur preferentially in patients with a generally enhanced responsiveness to contact allergens. To check this, all of our patients allocated to patch testing with the standard series were additionally patch tested with a dermatophagoides mix by the same technique that was used for standard contact allergens. Out of 571 patients tested, 188 showed delayed responses to this mix that were indistinguishable from typical allergic patch test reactions but of no apparent clinical relevance. No relationship was found between positive dermatophagoides patch tests and an atopic disposition of the patients or characteristics of their eczema. However, 64.4% of the patients with a positive dermatophagoides patch test showed a response to at least 1 contact allergen of the standard series, compared to only 56.4% of the patients without a positive dermatophagoides reaction (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). The reactivity to the mite mix was not related to the responsiveness towards any particular contact allergens. We suppose that some unidentified factors may contribute to positive reactions to the dermatophagoides mix that may also favour an enhanced general responsiveness to contact allergens.</jats:p>
|
Positive patch tests with a dermatophagoides mix relate to an increased responsiveness to standard patch test allergens
|
[
"Brasch Jochen ",
"Uter Wolfgang ",
"Dibo Maher ",
"Stockfleth Eggert ",
"Swensson Ole ",
"Christophers Enno "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460501.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460509.x
|
<jats:p>Lyral® 5% pet. was tested in 3245 consecutive patch test patients in 20 departments of dermatology in order (i) to check the diagnostic quality of this patch test preparation, (ii) to examine concomitant reactions to Lyral and fragrance mix (FM), and (iii) to assess the frequency of contact allergy to Lyral in an unselected patch test population of German dermatological clinics. 62 patients reacted to Lyral, i.e. 1.9%. One third of the positive reactions were + + and + + + . The reaction index was 0.27. Thus, the test preparation can be regarded a good diagnostic tool. Lyral and fragrance mix (FM) were tested in parallel in 3185 patients. Of these, 300 (9.4%) reacted to FM, and 59 (1.9%) to Lyral. In 40 patients, positive reactions to both occurred, which is 13.3% of those reacting to FM, and 67.8% of those reacting to Lyral. So the concordance of positive test reactions to Lyral and FM was only slight. Based on these results, the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) decided to add Lyral 5% pet. to the standard series.</jats:p>
|
Lyral<sup>®</sup> has been included in the patch test standard series in Germany
|
[
"Geier Johannes ",
"Brasch Jochen ",
"Schnuch Axel ",
"Lessmann Holger ",
"Pirker Claudia ",
"Frosch Peter J. ",
" for the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK)and the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG)"
] |
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.460509.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1038/sj.bjp.0704793
|
<jats:p>
<jats:list list-type="explicit-label">
<jats:list-item><jats:p>The present study examines the effect of PAT (peptide analogue of thymulin) in two rat models of inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by either i.pl. (1.25 μg in 50 μl saline) or i.p. (50 μg in 100 μl) injections of endotoxin ET.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Pretreatment with PAT (1, 5 or 25 μg in 100 μl saline, i.p.) decreased, in a dose dependent manner, both mechanical hyperalgesia, determined by the paw pressure (PP) test and thermal hyperalgesia determined by the hot plate (HP), the paw immersion (PI) and the tail flick (TF) tests.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Compared to the tripeptides K(D)PT and K(D)PV, known to antagonize interleukin (IL)‐1β or IL‐1β and PGE<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> mechanisms, PAT, at lower dosages, exerted stronger anti‐hyperalgesic effects.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>When compared with the effect of a steroidal (dexamethasone) and a non‐steroidal (indomethacin) anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID), PAT demonstrated equal analgesic actions.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Pretreatment with PAT, reduced significantly the increased concentration of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and NGF due to i.pl. injection of ET.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>Injection of i.p. ET produced sickness behaviour characterized by hyperalgesia and fever. Pretreatment with PAT prevented the hyperalgesia and maintained the body temperature within the normal range and was accompanied by a down‐regulation of the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and PGE<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> in the liver.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>PAT, in all doses used, did not result in any evident changes in the physiological parameters or in the normal behaviour of the rats.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
<jats:list-item><jats:p>The anti‐hyperalgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects of PAT can be attributed, at least partially, to the down‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory mediators.</jats:p></jats:list-item>
</jats:list>
</jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>British Journal of Pharmacology</jats:italic> (2002) <jats:bold>136</jats:bold>, 947–955. doi:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1038/sj.bjp.0704793">10.1038/sj.bjp.0704793</jats:ext-link></jats:p>
|
Potent analgesic and anti‐inflammatory actions of a novel thymulin‐related peptide in the rat
|
[
"Safieh‐Garabedian Bared ",
"Dardenne Mireille ",
"Pléau Jean Marie ",
"Saadé Nayef E "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0704793
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1042/bj20011722
|
<jats:p>Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria is a potentially important buffering system able to control cytosolic [Ca2+]. In chromaffin cells, we have shown previously that stimulation of either Ca2+ entry or Ca2+ release via ryanodine receptors triggers large increases in mitochondrial [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]M) approaching the millimolar range, whose blockade dramatically enhances catecholamine secretion [Montero, Alonso, Carnicero, Cuchillo-Ibañez, Albillos, Garcia, Carcia-Sancho and Alvarez (2000) Nat. Cell Biol. 2, 57–61]. In the present study, we have studied the effect of stimulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors using histamine. We find that histamine produces a heterogeneous increase in [Ca2+]M, reaching peak levels at approx. 1μM in 70% of the mitochondrial space to several hundred micromolar in 2–3% of mitochondria. Intermediate levels were found in the rest of the mitochondrial space. Single-cell imaging experiments with aequorin showed that the heterogeneity had both an intercellular and a subcellular origin. Those mitochondria responding to histamine with increases in [Ca2+]M much greater than 1μM (30%) were the same as those that also responded with large increases in [Ca2+]M following stimulation with either high-K+ medium or caffeine. Blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake with protonophores or mitochondrial inhibitors also enhanced catecholamine secretion induced by histamine. These results suggest that some InsP3 receptors tightly co-localize with ryanodine receptors and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in defined subplasmalemmal functional units designed to control secretion induced by different stimuli.</jats:p>
|
Effect of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor stimulation on mitochondrial [Ca2+] and secretion in chromaffin cells
|
[
"MONTERO Mayte ",
"ALONSO Maria Teresa ",
"ALBILLOS Almudena ",
"CUCHILLO-IBÁÑEZ Inmaculada ",
"OLIVARES Román ",
"VILLALOBOS Carlos ",
"ALVAREZ Javier "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20011722
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1042/bj20011726
|
<jats:p>The mRNA encoding the β-subunit of the mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase (β-F1-ATPase) is localized in an approx. 150nm structure of the hepatocyte of mammals. In the present study, we have investigated the cis- and trans-acting factors involved in the generation of the ribonucleoprotein complex containing β-F1-ATPase mRNA. Two cis-acting elements (β1.2 and 3′β) have been identified. The β1.2 element is placed in the open reading frame, downstream of the region encoding the mitochondrial pre-sequence of the protein. The 3′β element is the 3′ non-translated region of the mRNA. Complex sets of proteins from the soluble and non-soluble fractions of the liver interact with the β1.2 and 3′β elements. A soluble p88, present also in reticulocyte lysate, displays binding specificity for both the cis-acting elements. Sedimentation and high-resolution in situ hybridization experiments showed that the structure containing the rat liver β-F1-ATPase mRNA is found in fractions of high sucrose concentration, where large polysomes sediment. Treatment of liver extracts with EDTA promoted the mobilization of β-F1-ATPase mRNA to fractions of lower sucrose concentration, suggesting that the structure containing β-F1-ATPase mRNA is a large polysome. Finally, in vitro reconstitution experiments with reticulocyte lysate, using either the full-length, mutant or chimaeric versions of β-F1-ATPase mRNA, reveal that the assembly of the β-F1-ATPase mRNA polysome requires the co-operation of both the cis-acting mRNA determinants. The present study illustrates the existence of an intramolecular RNA cross-talking required for the association of the mRNA with the translational machinery.</jats:p>
|
Assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex containing the mRNA of the β-subunit of the mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase requires the participation of two distal cis-acting elements and a complex set of cellular trans-acting proteins
|
[
"RICART Javier ",
"IZQUIERDO José M. ",
"Di LIEGRO Carlo M. ",
"CUEZVA José M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20011726
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1042/bj20011821
|
<jats:p>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/Δ is ubiquitously expressed, but the level of expression differs markedly between different cell types. In order to determine the molecular mechanisms governing PPARβ/Δ gene expression, we have isolated and characterized the mouse gene encoding PPARβ/Δ. The gene spans approx. 41 kb and comprises 11 exons of which the six exons located in the 3′-end of the gene are included in all transcripts. Primer-extension and 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends experiments revealed the presence of multiple transcription start points and splice variants, originating from the use of at least four different promoters. One of these transcription start points was found to be used predominantly in all tissues examined. Initiation from this major transcription start point gives rise to a transcript with a 548nt 5′-untranslated leader containing eight upstream AUG codons. We show that the presence of the 548nt leader resulted in a low translational efficiency of the corresponding PPARβ/Δ mRNA and propose, based on structural features of the 5′-untranslated region, that translational initiation may be mediated via an internal ribosome entry site-dependent mechanism.</jats:p>
|
Genomic organization of the mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ gene: alternative promoter usage and splicing yield transcripts exhibiting differential translational efficiency
|
[
"LARSEN Leif K. ",
"AMRI Ez-Zoubir ",
"MANDRUP Susanne ",
"PACOT Corinne ",
"KRISTIANSEN Karsten "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20011821
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1042/bj20020144
|
<jats:p>Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous protein that plays a critical role in regulating cellular functions by altering the activity of a large number of proteins, including the d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R). CaM inhibits IP3 binding in both the presence and absence of Ca2+ and IP3-induced Ca2+ release in the presence of Ca2+. We have now mapped and characterized a Ca2+-independent CaM-binding site in the N-terminal part of the type 1 IP3R (IP3R1). This site could be responsible for the inhibitory effects of CaM on IP3 binding. We therefore expressed the N-terminal 581 amino acids of IP3R1 as a His-tagged recombinant protein, containing the functional IP3-binding pocket. We showed that CaM, both in the presence and absence of Ca2+, inhibited IP3 binding to this recombinant protein with an IC50 of approx. 2μM. Deletion of the N-terminal 225 amino acids completely abolished the effects of both Ca2+ and CaM on IP3 binding. We mapped the Ca2+-independent CaM-binding site to a recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the first 159 amino acids of IP3R1 and then made different synthetic peptides overlapping this region. We demonstrated that two synthetic peptides matching amino acids 49–81 and 106–128 bound CaM independently of Ca2+ and could reverse the inhibition of IP3 binding caused by CaM. This suggests that these sequences are components of a discontinuous Ca2+-independent CaM-binding domain, which is probably involved in the inhibition of IP3 binding by CaM.</jats:p>
|
Localization and function of a calmodulin–apocalmodulin-binding domain in the N-terminal part of the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
|
[
"SIENAERT Ilse ",
"KASRI Nael NADIF ",
"VANLINGEN Sara ",
"PARYS Jan B. ",
"CALLEWAERT Geert ",
"MISSIAEN Ludwig ",
"de SMEDT Humbert "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20020144
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1042/bj20020215
|
<jats:p>To identify novel molecular mechanisms by which ceramide regulates cell differentiation, we examined its effect on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Hormonal stimulation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes induced formation of triacylglycerol-laden adipocytes over 7days; in part, via the co-ordinated action of CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins α, β and δ (C/EBP-α, -β and -δ) and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). The addition of exogenous N-acetylsphingosine (C2-ceramide) or increasing endogenous ceramide levels inhibited the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ, and blocked adipocyte development. C2-ceramide did not decrease the cellular expression of C/EBPβ, which is required for expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ, but significantly blocked its transcriptional activity from a promoter construct after 24h. The ceramide-induced decrease in the transcriptional activity of C/EBPβ correlated with a strong decrease in its phosphorylation, DNA-binding ability and nuclear localization at 24h. However, ceramide did not change the nuclear level of C/EBPβ after a period of 4 or 16h, suggesting that it was not affecting nuclear import. CRM1 (more recently named ‘exportin-1') is a nuclear membrane protein that regulates protein export from the nucleus by binding to a specific nuclear export sequence. Leptomycin B is an inhibitor of CRM1/exportin-1, and reversed the ceramide-induced decrease in nuclear C/EBPβ at 24h. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that ceramide may inhibit adipogenesis, at least in part, by enhancing dephosphorylation and premature nuclear export of C/EBPβ at a time when its maximal transcriptional activity is required to drive adipogenesis.</jats:p>
|
Decreased activity and enhanced nuclear export of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β during inhibition of adipogenesis by ceramide
|
[
"SPROTT Kam M. ",
"CHUMLEY Michael J. ",
"HANSON Janean M. ",
"DOBROWSKY Rick T. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20020215
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1042/bj20020223
|
<jats:p>The bile salt-stimulated carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) is important for the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids, and is expressed at high levels by the exocrine pancreas and the lactating mammary gland. However, the presence of CEL in human plasma suggests that the role of CEL in lipid metabolism may stretch beyond its function in the intestinal lumen, and possibly include interactions with cholesterol and oxidized lipoproteins to modulate the progression of atherosclerosis. We have used the CEL-expressing human monocytic cell line THP-1 to investigate the transcriptional regulation of the human CEL in monocytes. Analyses of the promoter region revealed that an E-box located at −47/−52 is necessary for CEL expression. Point mutations in the E-box almost completely abolish the transcriptional activity. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assay analyses reveal that the E-box binds the upstream stimulatory factors 1 and 2, and the binding of an upstream stimulatory factor-containing complex in THP-1 cells also requires the presence of a putative nuclear receptor-binding site at −60/−66. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the E-box is also necessary for CEL expression in the pancreas and the mammary gland, although there are tissue-specific requirements for additional activating elements.</jats:p>
|
Transcriptional regulation of the human carboxyl ester lipase gene in THP-1 monocytes: an E-box required for activation binds upstream stimulatory factors 1 and 2
|
[
"BENGTSSON Sara H.M. ",
"MADEYSKI-BENGTSON Katja ",
"NILSSON Jeanette ",
"BJURSELL Gunnar "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20020223
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1042/bj20020643
|
<jats:p>We have recently shown that the regulatory sequence of the uromodulin gene, containing the 3.7kb promoter, exon 1 and a part of exon 2, provided for kidney-specific expression of the reporter lacZ gene in transgenic mice [Zbikowska, Soukhareva, Behnam, Chang, Drews, Lubon, Hammond and Soukharev (2002) Transgenic Res., in the press]. In the present study, we generated transgenic mice harbouring the regulatory sequence of the uromodulin gene to direct the expression of human α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) into urine. Of the 13 founder mice that tested positive by PCR, seven showed the presence of the human protein in their urine. The concentration of the recombinant human (rh) α1AT in the urine, estimated by using ELISA, ranged from 0.5 to 14μg/ml in the F0-generation mice, and reached up to 65μg/ml in the F1 generation. The transgenically produced rh α1AT was found to be N-glycosylated and biologically active. The N-terminal sequence analysis confirmed the identity of the human protein and revealed that the recombinant α1AT was correctly processed with the signal peptide cleaved off. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the uromodulin regulatory sequence provides a very attractive option for the potential large-scale production of functional therapeutic proteins in livestock.</jats:p>
|
Uromodulin promoter directs high-level expression of biologically active human α1-antitrypsin into mouse urine
|
[
"ZBIKOWSKA Halina M. ",
"SOUKHAREVA Nadia ",
"BEHNAM Reza ",
"LUBON Henryk ",
"HAMMOND David ",
"SOUKHAREV Serguei "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20020643
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1042/bj20020654
|
<jats:p>Rho GTPases, which are activated by specific guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), play pivotal roles in several cellular functions. We identified a recently cloned human cDNA, namely KIAA0337, encoding a protein containing 1510 amino acids (p164). It contains a RhoGEF-specific Dbl homology (DH) domain but lacks their typical pleckstrin homology domain. The expression of the mRNA encoding p164 was found to be at least 4-fold higher in the heart than in other tissues. Recombinant p164 interacted with and induced GDP/GTP exchange at RhoA but not at Rac1 or Cdc42. p164-ΔC and p164-ΔN are p164 mutants that are truncated at the C- and N-termini respectively but contain the DH domain. In contrast with the full-length p164, expression of p164-ΔC and p164-ΔN strongly induced actin stress fibre formation and activated serum response factor-mediated and Rho-dependent gene transcription. Interestingly, p164-ΔN2, a mutant containing the C-terminus but having a defective DH domain, bound to p164-ΔC and suppressed the p164-ΔC-induced gene transcription. Overexpression of the full-length p164 inhibited M3 muscarinic receptor-induced gene transcription, whereas co-expression with Gβ1γ2 dimers induced transcriptional activity. It is concluded that p164-RhoGEF is a Rho-specific GEF with novel structural and regulatory properties and predominant expression in the heart. Apparently, its N- and C-termini interact with each other, thereby inhibiting its GEF activity.</jats:p>
|
A mammalian Rho-specific guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (p164-RhoGEF) without a pleckstrin homology domain
|
[
"RÜMENAPP Ulrich ",
"FREICHEL-BLOMQUIST Andrea ",
"WITTINGHOFER Burkhard ",
"JAKOBS Karl H. ",
"WIELAND Thomas "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1042/bj20020654
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9368375.x
|
<jats:p>Aim. To investigate the characteristics and patterns of cannabis and other drug use among long‐term cannabis users in an Australian rural area . Design. Cross‐sectional survey of a "snowball" sample of long‐term cannabis users . Setting. The North Coast of New South Wales is an area with high levels of cannabis cultivation and use, and many long‐term users . Participants. The study involved 268 long‐term cannabis users who had regularly used cannabis for at least 10 years . Measurements. A structured interview schedule obtained information on: demographics, social circumstances, patterns of cannabis and other drug use, contexts of use, perceptions about cannabis and legal involvement. Findings. The mean age of the sample was 36 years and 59% were male. The median length of regular cannabis use was 19 years. Most (94%) used two or more times a week and 60% used daily, with a median of two joints per day. Two‐thirds (67%) used cannabis in social settings and two‐thirds grew cannabis for their own use. The most common reasons for using cannabis were for relaxation or relief of tension (61%) and enjoyment or to feel good (27%). The most commonly reported negative effects were feelings of anxiety, paranoia, or depression (21%), tiredness, lack of motivation and low energy (21%) and effects of smoke on the respiratory system (18%). The majority drank alcohol (79%) and over one‐third were drinking at hazardous levels. Most were current (64%) or ex‐tobacco smokers (24%). One‐quarter (25%) had been charged with possession of cannabis, 11% for cultivation and 6% for supply, with non‐drug offences low (8% or less). Overall, three‐quarters (72%) believed that the benefits of cannabis use outweighed the risks, 21% felt there was an even balance, and 7% said cannabis had done them more harm than good. Conclusions. Among long‐term cannabis users in this Australian rural area, cannabis use was an integral part of everyday life and it was primarily used in social situations for the same reasons that alcohol use is used in the wider community.</jats:p>
|
Long‐term cannabis use: characteristics of users in an Australian rural area
|
[
"Reilly David ",
"Didcott Peter ",
"Swift Wendy ",
"Hall Wayne "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.9368375.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50204.x
|
<jats:p>The growth factor, transforming growth factor‐β1, which under normal circumstances promotes wound healing by stimulating local fibroblasts to produce collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, has also been implicated as the primary causative agent of fibrosis. Because transforming growth factor‐β1 is capable of stimulating its own production by fibroblasts, its normally beneficial effects may become amplified to the point where excess extracellular matrix accumulation occurs, thereby causing abnormal scarring. Therefore, strategies that block or counter the effects of transforming growth factor‐β1 may be useful in preventing or decreasing fibrosis. One such strategy is the use of glucocorticoid steroids such as dexamethasone, which normally have the opposite effect of transforming growth factor‐β1, namely the impairment of wound healing. When used in conjunction with transforming growth factor‐β1, glucocorticoid steroids may normalize the effect of transforming growth factor‐β1 on collagen synthesis, thereby reducing excessive collagen deposition and fibrosis.</jats:p>
|
Abrogation of the fibrotic effect of transforming growth factor‐β in dermal wound healing
|
[
"Parrelli Jo M. ",
"Meisler Natalie ",
"Cutroneo Kenneth R. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50204.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50207.x
|
<jats:p>Tissue repair in the rabbit fetus is remarkably rapid and occurs without significant inflammation or excessive collagen deposition. The objective of this study was to compare the ability of rabbit fetal and adult fibroblasts to express the matrix metalloproteinases which are thought to be critical to scar tissue remodeling. In vitro, both fetal and adult rabbit fibroblasts express procollagenase messenger RNA in a constitutive manner. Mechanical disruption of fetal fibroblast monolayers caused a twofold increase in procollagenase mRNA. In contrast, the adult rabbit fibroblast procollagenase mRNA remained unchanged. The mRNA data correlated well with enzyme protein levels. Quantitation by immunoprecipitation showed a 2.3‐fold increase in fetal fibroblast procollagenase protein after mechanical injury, whereas the level in adult rabbit fibroblasts remained unchanged. However, it was noted that the constitutive levels of procollagenase mRNA and protein were higher in adult fibroblasts. Analysis of enzyme activity, by means of a fluorogenic substrate, showed that adult fibroblasts had 2.2 times more collagenase activity compared with fetal cells. After mechanical injury, the fetal fibroblast collagenase activity increased 1.3‐fold compared with 1.7‐fold in the adult fibroblasts. In contrast, fetal fibroblast gelatinase activity was 1.25 times greater than in adult cells and increased 1.4‐fold after mechanical injury, whereas the adult profile remained unchanged. Immunolocalization studies indicated that 1 hour after mechanical injury, procollagenase was produced primarily by fibroblasts along the mechanical injury ridge. By 4 hours after injury, the ridge cells began to migrate out into the open area and procollagenase was noted in adjacent cells of both adult and fetal origin. By 12 and 18 hours, all cells throughout the monolayer were expressing procollagenase. These findings show that in vitro fetal fibroblasts actually had lower levels of procollagenase, but higher levels of gelatinase compared with adult fibroblasts. The increased gelatinase expression may explain why fetal wounds do not have excessive collagen accumulation and heal without a visible scar.</jats:p>
|
In vitro analysis of fetal fibroblast collagenolytic activity
|
[
"Gould Lisa J. ",
"Yager Dorne R. ",
"Cohen I. Kelman ",
"Diegelmann Robert F. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50207.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50210.x
|
<jats:p>Angiotensin II is a naturally occurring peptide which has been shown to possess angiogenic properties. In the studies reported here, angiotensin II was shown to increase the proliferation of cultured bovine aortic arch endothelial cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Acute administration of angiotensin II in Hydron accelerated the repair of dermal injuries in a full‐thickness excisional rat model. Additional studies were done to determine the best vehicle for delivery of angiotensin II to a dermal injury. Several vehicles, including 10% low‐viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose, 4% medium‐viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose, and 3% high‐viscosity carboxymethyl cellulose, were found to be effective in this regard. Daily administration of angiotensin II for days 0 to 4 after injury (day 0 being the time of surgery) was determined to provide the optimal dosage for acceleration of wound repair by angiotensin II. In addition, dose‐response studies indicated that angiotensin II accelerated wound repair in a dose‐dependent fashion with 0.03 and 0.01 µg/rat/day of angiotensin II administered on days 0 to 4 being the minimally effective and no‐effect doses, respectively. Administration of 100 µg/day of angiotensin II in 10% carboxymethyl cellulose for 5 days after injury to animals with impaired healing (steroid‐ and adriamycin‐treated rats and diabetic mice) was also found to accelerate the rate of repair. In conclusion, angiotensin II accelerated the closure of full‐thickness skin injuries in a dose‐dependent manner in normal and impaired animal models.</jats:p>
|
Acceleration of dermal tissue repair by angiotensin II
|
[
"Rodgers Kathleen ",
"Abiko Masami ",
"Girgis Wefki ",
"St. Amand Karen ",
"Campeau Joseph ",
"Dizerega Gere "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50210.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50211.x
|
<jats:p>An excess in glucocorticoid steroids, either from endogenous or exogenous sources, has been shown to inhibit wound repair. Key to this impairment is a diminution of the inflammatory response to wounding, fibroplasia, capillary formation, reparative tissue collagen accumulation, and wound breaking strength. Because a single local application at operation of nonviable <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic> or its peptidoglycan increases all of these processes in normal rats, we hypothesized that nonviable <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> peptidoglycan would each ameliorate glucocorticoid‐induced impaired healing. Sprague‐Dawley male rats aseptically received two 7 cm paravertebral skin incisions and underwent subcutaneous implantation of polyvinyl alcohol sponges. Two glucocorticoids were used: hydrocortisone, 8 mg intramuscularly, daily beginning 1 day before operation and continuing during the postoperative period; or a single dose of a long‐acting preparation of methylprednisolone, 6 or 8 mg intramuscularly, on the day before operation. Controls received intramuscular injections of saline solution at the same respective times. At the time of the operation, one incision and the polyvinyl alcohol sponges on one side of the animal were instilled with saline solution while the incision and sponges on the opposite side were instilled with nonviable <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> (hydrocortisone study) or <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> peptidoglycan (two methylprednisolone studies). The data showed that, at postoperative day 7, the single local application at wounding of nonviable <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> peptidoglycan increased wound breaking strength in the control rats by factors of 1.6 in the hydrocortisone experiment and 1.4 and 1.6 in the methylprednisolone studies. These treatments prevented (in hydrocortisone‐treated rats) or mitigated (in methylprednisolone‐treated rats) the glucocorticoid‐induced decrease in wound breaking strength. In addition, these treatments prevented the glucocorticoid‐induced decreases in the inflammatory (largely mononuclear cells) response to wounding and in the accumulation within the polyvinyl alcohol sponge of reparative tissue fibroblasts, capillaries, and collagen.</jats:p>
|
Single local instillation of nonviable <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> or its peptidoglycan ameliorates glucocorticoid‐induced impaired wound healing
|
[
"Chang Tsueng H. ",
"Patel Mayank ",
"Watford Alvin ",
"Freundlich Larry ",
"Steinberg J. J. ",
"Levenson Stanley M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50211.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50307.x
|
<jats:p>Products of the eicosanoid pathways, namely prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are known to play a key role in inflammatory and immune responses, as well as other wound cellular activities of wounded tissue. The objective of this study was to determine whether surgically induced intraperitoneal and incisional wounds in the rat express 5‐lipoxygenase and contain binding sites for leukotrienes and whether their levels change during the course of healing. With the use of a specific monoclonal antibody generated against 5‐lipoxygenase, the enzyme was immunohistochemically localized in various wound cells during postsurgical days 2 to 35. The inflammatory cells within the wound were the major cell types containing 5‐lipoxygenase immunoreactive protein, followed by fibroblasts in the incisional and peritoneal fibrous adhesions, striated muscle, and the vasculature. The greatest level of immunostaining was observed during the first 2 weeks after surgery, which decreased to near unwounded levels by day 35. Light microscope autoradiographic binding studies using <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>H‐leukotrienes indicated that the peritoneal/incisional wounds and unwounded tissues contain specific <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>H‐leukotriene C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>H‐leukotriene D<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> but not <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>H‐leukotriene B<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> binding sites. Quantitative grain analysis (net grain density/100 µm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>), representing specific <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>H‐leukotriene C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>H‐leukotriene D<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> binding sites calculated for different cell types in the wound and unwounded regions showed that <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>H‐leukotriene C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> binding was highest over the striated muscle proximal to the injury and incisional and peritoneal granulation tissue fibroblasts. The net grain density over these cells increased by 3‐, 2.5‐, and 2‐fold by day 14, respectively, and declined to the control values by day 21 after injury (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). The pattern of <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>H‐leukotriene D<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> binding was similar to that observed for <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>H‐leukotriene C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>, but with a lower density. The grain density for <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>H‐leukotriene C<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> and <jats:sup>3</jats:sup>H‐leukotriene D<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> in arteriolar endothelial and smooth muscle cells remained unchanged. These data suggest that the products of the lipoxygenase pathway through the presence of their specific receptors may play an important role in peritoneal wound repair and adhesion formation.</jats:p>
|
Cellular distribution of 5‐lipoxygenase and leukotriene receptors in postsurgical peritoneal wound repair
|
[
"Chegini Nasser ",
"Rossi Michael J. ",
"Holmdahl Lena "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50307.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50406.x
|
<jats:p>Various tracheal incisions (vertical, horizontal, or window) are used by surgeons for creation of a tracheostomy. The inflammatory response and healing varies with each incision and may contribute to complications such as tracheal stenosis. This study evaluates the effect of these tracheotomies on early stomal wound healing in a rabbit model. Male juvenile New Zealand rabbits underwent tracheotomy, with each animal randomized to the type of tracheal incision used (vertical, horizontal, or window). After recovery, they were killed on postoperative days 2, 4, 6, and 8, with tissue removed for histologic examination. Paraffin‐embedded stomal sections were analyzed quantitatively for amounts of granulation tissue, fibrosis, and epithelization. Groups were compared statistically using chi‐square, ANOVA, Spearman's rho, and Mann‐Whitney U tests with <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> less than 0.05 considered significant. Fibrosis was significantly increased in the vertical and horizontal groups when compared with the window group. This increase was statistically significant between postoperative days 2 and 4 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). The amount of granulation tissue was only significantly increased in the window group, whereas no difference was seen in the rate at which epithelization occurred with the various incisions. Vertical and horizontal tracheal wounds have less granulation tissue formation and more fibrosis compared with window tracheotomies during initial wound healing. This could lead to a “safer” tracheostomy tract in the early postoperative period.</jats:p>
|
Early tracheostomal healing in rabbits with use of various tracheal incisions
|
[
"Whitley Rhonda ",
"Castillo Nieva ",
"Hassett James M. ",
"Banyas Jeffrey ",
"Luchette Fred A. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.1997.50406.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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10.1046/j.1524-475x.1998.60209.x
|
<jats:p>We have previously shown that local application at the time of operation of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic>, nonviable <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic>, its cell wall, or <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> peptidoglycan accelerates wound healing. We hypothesized that this effect is due to both direct and indirect mechanisms, among which is an increase in the inflammatory response to wounding, resulting in an increase in macrophages, angiogenesis, and fibroblasts. Twenty‐seven Sprague‐Dawley male rats were anesthetized, and two 7‐cm paravertebral skin incisions were made. Four polyvinyl alcohol sponges, two on each side, containing either 100 µl of isotonic saline or 0.5 mg of nonviable <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> peptidoglycan in 100‐µl saline were implanted subcutaneously. Nonviable <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> peptidoglycan (860 µg/cm incision) in 200‐µl saline were inoculated into the incisions at closure. The rats ate a commercial rat chow and drank tap water ad libitum throughout. After days 3 and 7 postwounding, rats were euthanized, and tissues were examined for immunohistochemical features of reparative tissue using ED‐1, Factor VIII, and vimentin antibodies, markers for monocyte/macrophages, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells (including fibroblasts), respectively. Incisions treated with nonviable <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> peptidoglycan showed more macrophages along and deep in the wound tract 7 days postoperatively. Nonviable <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> peptidoglycan‐treated sponges were surrounded and penetrated by much larger capsules of reparative tissue than saline‐treated sponges at both 3 and 7 days. Neutrophil influx was much greater in nonviable <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> peptidoglycan‐treated sponges, especially in central regions, and there were many more ED‐1‐stained macrophages in distinct geographic locations, specifically, the more peripheral‐cortical areas. Some clustering of macrophages occurred around areas of invasion by reparative tissue into the surrounding subcutaneous fat and within the interstices of the sponges at the interface between reparative tissue and acute inflammatory cells. In contrast, saline‐treated sponge reparative tissue had significantly fewer macrophages, much thinner and flimsy reparative tissue, with proportionately fewer macrophages clustering centrally. There were many more mesenchymal cells (notably fibroblasts) and new blood vessels and much more reparative collagen in the nonviable <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> peptidoglycan‐ treated sponges. We conclude that local application of nonviable <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic> peptidoglycan at wounding induces an increased number and alteration in location of macrophages, increased influx (or proliferation) of mesenchymal cells (notably fibroblasts), and increased angiogenesis and reparative collagen accumulation, as well as increasing the overall acute inflammatory response to wounding.</jats:p>
|
Nonviable <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and its peptidoglycan stimulate macrophage recruitment, angiogenesis, fibroplasia, and collagen accumulation in wounded rats
|
[
"Kilcullen Jack K. ",
"Ly Quan P. ",
"Chang Tsueng H. ",
"Levenson Stanley M. ",
"Steinberg Jacob J. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.1998.60209.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1524-475x.1998.60407.x
|
<jats:p>The regulatory effects of the thyroid hormone on amphibian metamorphosis is mediated by thyroid hormone receptors. Using <jats:italic>Xenopus laevis</jats:italic> as a model system, we and others have shown that the mRNA levels of thyroid hormone receptors and 9‐cis retinoic acid receptors, which form the functional heterodimers with thyroid hormone receptors, are regulated temporally in a tissue‐dependent manner so that high levels of their mRNAs are present in an organ when metamorphosis is occurring. By overexpressing thyroid hormone receptors, 9‐cis retinoic acid receptors, or both into developing <jats:italic>Xenopus</jats:italic> embryos, we have shown that both thyroid hormone receptors and 9‐cis retinoic acid receptors are required for mediating the effects of thyroid hormone on embryo development and precocious but specific regulation of the genes, which are normally regulated by thyroid hormone during metamorphosis. Analyses of the developmental expression of one class of thyroid hormone response genes, which encode extracellular matrix‐degrading metalloproteinases, suggest that extra cellular remodeling plays an important role during tissue remodeling, including cell death (apoptosis) and cell proliferation and differentiation. This effect of extracellular matrix on cell behavior has been supported directly by in vitro primary cell culture experiments, in which intestinal epithelial cells undergo thyroid hormone‐induced apoptosis, just like that during natural metamorphosis.</jats:p>
|
Thyroid hormone regulation of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> metamorphosis: functions of thyroid hormone receptors and roles of extracellular matrix remodeling
|
[
"Shi Yun‐Bo ",
"Sachs Laurent M. ",
"Jones Peter ",
"Li Qing ",
"Ishizuya‐Oka Atsuko "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.1998.60407.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1524-475x.1998.60414.x
|
<jats:p>This study addresses the cellular mechanism of the nerve requirement for regeneration of the urodele forelimb. Others have suggested that only the Schwann cell lineage of the blastema requires nerves for regeneration and that upon limb denervation, Schwann cells arrest in the cell cycle and produce a factor that inhibits the cycling of the remaining blastema cells. Our objective was to test this Schwann cell inhibitor model. First, pieces of peripheral nerve were implanted into partially denervated (one third of the nerve supply cut) axolotl forelimbs in an attempt to provide sufficient additional Schwann cells to increase the threshold nerve requirement above that provided by the remaining nerves. These limbs showed delayed regeneration in 68% of the cases and mild deformities, as seen by Victoria Blue staining, in 10% of the cases, as compared with control, partially denervated contralateral limbs that received grafts of muscle or frozen/thawed nerve. Second, when pieces of peripheral nerve were implanted into fully innervated newt limbs, blastema formation was limited, and regeneration was delayed in 80% of experimental cases when compared with control, contralateral newt limbs with muscle or frozen/thawed nerve implants. The results support the inhibition model and further link the need for nerves in regeneration to a possible specific requirement by Schwann cells.</jats:p>
|
Effects of peripheral nerve implants on the regeneration of partially and fully innervated urodele forelimbs
|
[
"Irvin Brett C. ",
"Tassava Roy A. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.1998.60414.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1524-475x.1998.60505.x
|
<jats:p>The failure of foot wounds to heal results in 54,000 people with diabetes having to undergo extremity amputations annually. Therefore, treatment is needed to speed healing in people with diabetes in order to reduce the need for amputation. This study tested the effect of high‐voltage pulsed current on foot blood flow in human beings who are at risk for diabetic foot ulcers. Neuropathy, vascular disease, Wagner Class, glucose, gender, ethnicity, and age were measured. A sample of 132 subjects was tested using a repeated‐measures design. A baseline transcutaneous oxygen level was obtained; stimulation was applied, and transcutaneous oxygen measurements were recorded at 30‐ and 60‐minute time intervals. The grouped foot transcutaneous oxygen levels decreased ({ifF = 5.66, p = .0039}) following electrical stimulation. Analysis of variance (Scheffe, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < .05) showed that initial transcutaneous oxygen was significantly higher than subsequent readings. However, oxygen response was distributed bimodally: 35 (27%) subjects showed increased transcutaneous oxygen (mean 14.8 mm Hg), and 97 (73%) experienced a decreased transcutaneous oxygen reading (mean 12.2 mm Hg). Logistic regression analysis did not explain these differences. Although this treatment appears to increase blood flow in a subset of patients, further study is needed to identify probable mechanisms for this response.</jats:p>
|
Effect of electrical stimulation on foot skin perfusion in persons with or at risk for diabetic foot ulcers
|
[
"Gilcreast Darlene M. ",
"Stotts Nancy A. ",
"Froelicher Erika S. ",
"Baker Lucinda L. ",
"Moss Kathryn M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-475x.1998.60505.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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10.1046/j.1525-1438.2002.00069.x
|
<jats:p> <jats:bold>BACKGROUND</jats:bold>: The use of CMV‐safe cellular blood components has been recommended for CMV‐sero‐ negative recipients of CMV seronegative (R–D–) solid‐ organ transplants.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS</jats:bold>: The incidence of CMV infection in 281 CMV‐seronegative patients receiving renal, heart, heart–lung, lung, and liver transplants at our center between January 1984 and October 1996 was studied. The blood components that these patients received were neither WBC reduced nor screened for CMV antibody.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>RESULTS</jats:bold>: One hundred thirty‐one of 154 (85.1%) patients receiving organs from CMV‐seropositive donors (R–D+) developed CMV infection compared with three cases of presumptive transfusion‐acquired (TA) CMV infection in 127 R–D– recipients (2.4%) (relative risk, 36.0; 95% CI, 11.8‐110.4). The organ‐specific incidence of TA CMV infection in R–D– patients was as follows: renal, 0 of 57 (0%); heart, 0 of 29 (0%); heart–lung and/or lung, 1 of 6 (16.7%); and liver, 2 of 20 (10%). There was no significant difference in the transfusion requirements of CMV‐infected and ‐uninfected R–D– patients. False‐positive results were often (40%) observed when posttransfusion serum samples were used for determination of the organ donor CMV serostatus.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>CONCLUSION</jats:bold>: The low risk of TA CMV infection observed in transplant patients who received standard blood components in our study should be considered when evaluating the efficacy of programs that provide CMV‐safe blood components for this population.</jats:p>
|
The risk of transfusion‐acquired CMV infection in seronegative solid‐organ transplant recipients receiving non‐WBC‐reduced blood components not screened for CMV antibody (1984 to 1996): experience at a single Canadian center
|
[
"Preiksaitis Jutta K. ",
"Sandhu Jatinder ",
"Strautman Maureen "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.2002.00069.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1525-1438.2002.00084.x
|
<jats:p> <jats:bold>BACKGROUND</jats:bold>: The yield of HIV p24 antigen testing implemented in March 1996 has been lower than projected. One possible explanation is that HIV seroconverting donors delay their return because of the recent practice of risk behaviors and/or signs and symptoms associated with primary infection.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS</jats:bold>: From a database of 6.8‐million allogeneic donations collected at five U.S. blood centers from 1991 to 1997, 49 HIV, 21 HCV, 32 HTLV, and 44 HBsAg seroconverters with at least three donations were identified. A statistical method was developed to investigate whether the time between a donor's last negative donation and their positive donation was significantly longer than expected based on their previous return history.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>RESULTS</jats:bold>: HIV seroconverters returned on average 42 percent later than expected (p <jats:italic><</jats:italic> 0.01). Although not significant, HCV seroconverters donated on average 43 percent earlier than expected. HTLV and HBsAg seroconverters did not appear to change their donation pattern around the time of seroconversion. Sixty‐three percent of the HIV seroconverters later acknowledged practicing a high‐risk behavior.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS</jats:bold>: HIV seroconverters delay their return around the time of seroconversion and are thus less likely to be recently infected. Unique among HIV seroconverters, this observation provides a possible explanation for the lower than expected yield of HIV p24 antigen testing and suggests that NAT may have a similar low yield.</jats:p>
|
HIV seroconverting donors delay their return: screening test implications
|
[
"Schreiber George B. ",
"Glynn Simone A. ",
"Satten Glen A. ",
"Kong Fanhui ",
"Wright David ",
"Busch Michael P. ",
"Tu Yongling ",
"Kleinman Steven H. ",
" for the Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study"
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.2002.00084.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1046/j.1525-1438.2002.00085.x
|
<jats:p> <jats:bold>BACKGROUND</jats:bold>: Intraoperative blood salvage (IBS) is one of several blood‐conservation strategies employed to limit the use of allogeneic blood. IBS with mathematical modeling was studied to gain a better understanding of its benefits and limitations.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS</jats:bold>: Equations, based on a convergent geometric series, allowed the assessment of maximum allowable blood losses to avoid allogeneic RBC exposure in relationship to the fractional recovery of IBS. Such equations allowed us to calculate the potential “savings” in allogeneic RBC volume and to define better the efficiency of IBS.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>RESULTS</jats:bold>: This model predicts that substantial amounts of RBCs (>2 units) can be recovered if there is large blood loss (e.g., >3000 mL) and if the minimal allowable Hct is low (e.g., 21%). As with other blood‐ conservation methods, this article shows that there are limits to the potential benefit of IBS for the avoidance of allogeneic RBC transfusion.</jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>CONCLUSION</jats:bold>: IBS can be modeled with a convergent geometric series, and the amount of blood loss is dependent on the difference between the patient's starting Hct, the minimum allowable Hct, and the fractional recovery of RBCs. Such modeling illustrates the limited utility of IBS as a sole blood‐conservation strategy.</jats:p>
|
Intraoperative blood salvage: a mathematical perspective
|
[
"Hay Shauna N. ",
"Monk Terri G. ",
"Brecher Mark E. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.2002.00085.x
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1464818
|
<jats:p>A recently developed Floquet theory-based formalism for computing electron transport through a molecular bridge coupled to two metal electrodes in the presence of a monochromatic ac radiation field is applied to an experimentally relevant system, namely a xylyl–dithiol molecule in contact at either end with gold electrodes. In this treatment, a nondissipative tight-binding model is assumed to describe the conduction of electric current. Net current through the wire is calculated for two configurations of the electrode–wire–electrode system. In one, symmetric, configuration, the electrodes are close (∼2 Å) and equidistant from the bridge molecule. In the other, asymmetric configuration, one electrode is farther away (∼5 Å), representing the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope located at this distance from the bridge molecule (the other end being chemisorbed to a gold substrate). For both configurations, electron current is calculated for a range of experimental inputs, including dc bias and the intensity and frequency of the laser. Via absorption/emission of photons, resonant conditions may be achieved under which electron transport is significantly enhanced compared to the unilluminated analog. Calculations show that this can be accomplished with experimentally accessible laser field strengths.</jats:p>
|
Calculating electron current in a tight-binding model of a field-driven molecular wire: Application to xylyl-dithiol
|
[
"Tikhonov Alexander ",
"Coalson Rob D. ",
"Dahnovsky Yuri "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1464818
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1472506
|
<jats:p>The effects of small-scale motions on the inertial range structure of turbulence are investigated by considering the dynamics of the velocity gradient tensor (Ãij) filtered at scale Δ. In addition to self-interactions and the filtered pressure Hessian, the evolution of Ãij is determined by the subgrid-scale stress tensor. As in the so-called restricted Euler dynamics, the evolution equations can be simplified by considering the invariants RΔ and QΔ of Ãij. The effects of the subgrid-scale stress tensor on RΔ and QΔ can be quantified unambiguously by evaluating conditional averages that appear in the evolution equation for the joint probability distribution function of these invariants. The required conditional averages are computed from three-dimensional measurements of fully developed turbulence in a square duct, at Reτ≈2360. The measurements are performed using holographic particle image velocimetry [Tao et al., Phys. Fluids 12, 941 (2000); Tao et al., J. Fluid Mech. 457, 35 (2002)]. The velocity distributions are spatially filtered in the inertial range using a box filter at about 30 Kolmogorov scales to separate large from small scales. The results show that the subgrid scale (SGS) stresses have significant effect on the evolution of filtered velocity gradients. In particular, along the so-called Vieillefosse tail at RΔ&gt;0 and QΔ&lt;0, they oppose the formation of a finite-time singularity that occurs in restricted Euler dynamics. Various other trends are quantified in different parts of the (RΔ,QΔ) plane. Included are the SGS dissipation rate of kinetic energy, and the effect of the SGS stress in modifying the so-called “discriminant,” which is a conserved quantity in restricted Euler dynamics. A priori tests of the Smagorinsky, nonlinear, and mixed models show that all reproduce the real SGS stress effect along the Vieillefosse tail, but that they fail in several other regions. An attempt is made to optimize the mixed model by letting the two coefficients be functions of RΔ and QΔ.</jats:p>
|
Effects of small-scale turbulent motions on the filtered velocity gradient tensor as deduced from holographic particle image velocimetry measurements
|
[
"van der Bos Fedderik ",
"Tao Bo ",
"Meneveau Charles ",
"Katz Joseph "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1472506
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1477925
|
<jats:p>We report an implementation for the computation of optical rotations within the Amsterdam Density Functional program package. The code is based on time-dependent density functional response theory. Optical rotations have been calculated for a test set of 36 organic molecules with various density functionals, and employing basis sets of different quality. The results obtained in this work with nonhybrid functionals are comparable in quality to those recently reported by other authors for the B3LYP hybrid functional, but show a somewhat larger tendency to produce outlyers. The median error is approximately 20°/(dm g/cm3) for specific rotations [α]D as compared to experimental data (approximately 30% median deviation from experimental values). Thereby it is demonstrated that density functional computations can be employed to assist with the solution of stereochemical problems in case the specific rotations of the species involved are not small and their structures are rigid. Recent newly developed functionals are investigated with respect to their applicability in computations of optical rotations.</jats:p>
|
Chiroptical properties from time-dependent density functional theory. II. Optical rotations of small to medium sized organic molecules
|
[
"Autschbach Jochen ",
"Patchkovskii Serguei ",
"Ziegler Tom ",
"van Gisbergen Stan J. A. ",
"Jan Baerends Evert "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1477925
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1478561
|
<jats:p>Structure functions to order 8 are determined from the longitudinal and transverse velocity fluctuations measured at a single point in high Reynolds number laboratory shear flow. We examine the relationship between mixed structure functions (which are explicitly zero in isotropic flow), and those of the longitudinal and transverse structure functions. Our results confirm recent findings using SO(3) symmetry decomposition [S. Kurien and K. R. Sreenivasan, Phys. Rev. E 62, 2206 (2000)] that show that the mixed structure functions have larger scaling exponents than those of the single component structure functions, i.e., the j=2 anisotropic sector structure function scaling exponent is greater than that of the j=0 isotropic sector. However, we also show that the ratio of the j=2 to j=0 sector scaling exponents systematically decreases with increasing order, suggesting that at higher orders there is persistence of anisotropy at the smallest scales. Difficulties in the analysis due to the difference in scaling exponents of the transverse and longitudinal structure functions are addressed.</jats:p>
|
On the higher order mixed structure functions in laboratory shear flow
|
[
"Warhaft Z. ",
"Shen X. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1478561
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1479472
|
<jats:p>Surface acoustic wave generation using ablative excitation with ultraviolet laser pulses is studied experimentally in order to quantify the magnitude of response. The acoustic waves are interferometrically measured on the surface of polished aluminum samples at distances of 5–40 mm from the excitation spot. Amplitudes of the surface acoustic waves are measured as a function of laser energy (1–60 mJ) and distance from the excitation spot yielding peak-to-peak displacements of 1–40 nm. The results are compared to theoretical calculations using the Green’s function for a step impulse response. The impulse required to match the measured results is compared to the expected impulse based on plasma pressure scaling in the ablative regime and the experimentally measured response is found to agree within a factor of 2 with the theoretical predicted impulse.</jats:p>
|
Ablative generation of surface acoustic waves in aluminum using ultraviolet laser pulses
|
[
"Gospodyn J. P. ",
"Sardarli A. ",
"Brodnikovski A. M. ",
"Fedosejevs R. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1479472
| 2,002 |
July
|
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10.1063/1.1480121
|
<jats:p>The binding energies of a hydrogenic impurity located at the center and off-center of a multilayered quantum wire (MLQW) in the presence of magnetic field are studied within the framework of the effective-mass approximation. The MLQW consists of a GaAs core wire coated by a AlxGa1−xAs cylindrical shell and embedded in the bulk AlyGa1−yAs. A variational trial wave function is proposed. It is found for a small wire radius that the ground state binding energy of a hydrogenic impurity located at the center of a MLQW behaves very differently from that of a single-layered quantum wire (SLQW). The calculation shows that the binding energy depends on the potential profiles, potential barrier height, impurity position, shell thickness, magnetic field, and the difference between the Al concentration contained in the shell and bulk regions. Our trial function is also able to reproduce the binding energies of a hydrogenic impurity located at the center of a SLQW, good agreement with the previous results is obtained.</jats:p>
|
Donor impurity on-center and off-center in multilayered quantum wires in the presence of magnetic field
|
[
"Hsieh Cheng-Ying "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1480121
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1480263
|
<jats:p>Laboratory experiments on decaying quasi-2D (two-dimensional) turbulence have been performed in stratified fluids in both square and circular containers. The turbulence was generated by towing an array of vertical cylinders through the container, which was filled with either a two-layer or a linearly stratified fluid. By varying the grid configuration a different amount of angular momentum could be added to the initial flow. The evolution of the flow was visualized by 2D particle tracking velocimetry. The observed decay scenario has been investigated with emphasis on the evolution of the kinetic energy and the enstrophy of the horizontal flow, vortex statistics and the angular momentum of the flow. In particular it is shown that the experiments in both the square and the circular container support the observations from numerical simulations of decaying 2D turbulence in bounded domains with no-slip walls. Two striking examples are the experimental observation of the spontaneous spin-up phenomenon (in the square-container experiments) and the confirmation that the angular momentum of the flow in the circular-container experiment is better conserved than the total kinetic energy of the flow. The role of the initial nonzero net angular momentum on the decay of quasi-2D turbulence is investigated for both geometries and indications for an acceleration of the self-organization process are presented.</jats:p>
|
Self-organization of quasi-two-dimensional turbulence in stratified fluids in square and circular containers
|
[
"Maassen S. R. ",
"Clercx H. J. H. ",
"van Heijst G. J. F. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1480263
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1480264
|
<jats:p>The thermomagnetic convection of magnetic fluids in a cylindrical geometry subjected to a homogeneous magnetic field is studied. The study is motivated by a novel thermal instability [W. Luo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4134 (1999)]. As model system a composite cylinder with inner heating is considered which reflects the symmetry of the experimentally setup. The general condition for the existence of a potentially unstable stratification in the magnetic fluid is derived. Within a linear stability analysis the critical external induction for the onset of thermomagnetic convection is determined for dilute and nondilute magnetic fluids. The difference between both thresholds allows to test experimentally whether a test sample is a dilute fluid or not.</jats:p>
|
Thermomagnetic convection of magnetic fluids in a cylindrical geometry
|
[
"Lange Adrian "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1480264
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1480478
|
<jats:p>The action of transverse shock waves (the shock wave propagates across the magnetization vector M) on the magnetic phase state of a Nd2Fe14B high-energy hard ferromagnetic was investigated experimentally. The design of the ferromagnetic sample, which was made as a hollow cylinder, has made it possible to dramatically reduce the amount of the explosive that initiates a transverse shock wave in Nd2Fe14B to 1.0 g (for Nd2Fe14B samples weighing 67.5 g). The results of the experiment have shown that the transverse shock wave propagating through Nd2Fe14B causes “hard ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic” phase transformation terminating by practically complete demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B. Pulse generators based on the transverse shock wave demagnetization of hollow cylindrical Nd2Fe14B samples with diameter of 25.4 mm and length of 19.1 mm are capable of producing high-voltage pulses [peak voltage of 11.3 kV, full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4.5 μs] and high-current pulses (peak current of 1.93 kA, FWHM of 100 μs, peak power of 27.0 kW). The effect of transverse shock wave demagnetization of high-energy hard ferromagnetic, Nd2Fe14B, was detected.</jats:p>
|
Transverse shock wave demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B high-energy hard ferromagnetics
|
[
"Shkuratov Sergey I. ",
"Talantsev Evgueni F. ",
"Dickens James C. ",
"Kristiansen Magne "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1480478
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1480857
|
<jats:p>The adsorption mechanism of α-sexithiophene (α-6T) on the clean Si(100)-(2×1) surface has been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and first principles electronic structure calculations. We find that at submonolayer coverage, the α-6T molecules are not stable and dissociate into monomers. We observe two different configurations of the monomers and have discussed the corresponding adsorption geometries based on theoretical calculations. The calculations elucidate how the fragments are absorbed on the surface, giving rise to the observed STM images. With increasing coverage, the STM images show the existence of complete α-6T molecules. In addition, results of the adsorption behavior of α-6T molecules on the H-passivated Si(100)-(2×1) surface are reported. On this surface the molecules are highly mobile at room temperature due to the weak molecule-substrate interaction. The STM results also indicate that they can easily be anchored at the defect sites.</jats:p>
|
Spontaneous dissociation of a conjugated molecule on the Si(100) surface
|
[
"Lin R. ",
"Galili M. ",
"Quaade U. J. ",
"Brandbyge M. ",
"Bjørnholm T. ",
"Esposti A. Degli ",
"Biscarini F. ",
"Stokbro K. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1480857
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1480858
|
<jats:p>Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to study the arrangement of water molecules between charged surfaces. The molecular water used—the four- point transferable intermolecular potential (TIP4P), together with fluctuating charge (FQ)—constitutes the water model TIP4P-FQ. The TIP4P-FQ features the same molecular frame as the TIP4P model; however, with the former, charges on the molecular sites of the same molecule are allowed to fluctuate in response to their environment. Therefore, the induced dipole moment under an external field is inherently considered in the TIP4P-FQ water model. This feature makes it more useful than multipoint fixed-charge models, such as the TIP4P, in studying water arrangement between charged surfaces. The formation of a few ordering layers of water molecules adjacent to a charged surface is confirmed by (N,V,T) Monte Carlo simulations. The preferable orientation of water molecules in this study is found to be similar to previous findings in the literature, with the oxygen atoms pointing to the positively charged surface (oxygen-down) and the hydrogen atoms pointing to the negatively charged surface (oxygen-up). Modeling results also demonstrate that the dominant orientation at the negatively charged surface is one O–H bond pointing to the surface while another O–H bond is aligned parallel to the charged surface. In addition, simulation results using the TIP4P-FQ water model show that the water density in the interfacial region increases ∼8%–14%, which is lower than the density increase observed in experimental data discussed in the literature.</jats:p>
|
Canonical Monte Carlo simulations of the fluctuating-charge molecular water between charged surfaces
|
[
"Yang Kun-Lin ",
"Yiacoumi Sotira ",
"Tsouris Costas "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1480858
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1480860
|
<jats:p>Molecular dynamics results on water confined in a silica pore in the low hydration regime are presented. Strong layering effects are found due to the hydrophilic character of the substrate. The local properties of water are studied as function of both temperature and hydration level. The interaction of the thin films of water with the silica atoms induces a strong distortion of the hydrogen bond network. The residence time of the water molecules is dependent on the distance from the surface. Its behavior shows a transition from a Brownian to a non-Brownian regime approaching the substrate in agreement with results found in studies of water at contact with globular proteins.</jats:p>
|
Confined water in the low hydration regime
|
[
"Gallo P. ",
"Rapinesi M. ",
"Rovere M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1480860
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1480871
|
<jats:p>We present a new implementation of the polarizable continuum model (PCM) at the multiconfigurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) level. This new MCSCF-PCM implementation is based on a second-order algorithm for the optimization of the wave function of the solvated molecule. The robust convergence properties of this approach allows for fast convergence of the PCM-MCSCF wave function for large MCSCF expansions as well as for excited states of solvated molecules. Our implementation also enables us to treat nonequilibrium solvation—that is, to treat excited molecular states generated in a fast excitation process such that not all degrees of freedom of the solvent have relaxed. To demonstrate the applicability of the approach we present calculations of solvation effects on 1,3-dipolar systems and on the ground and excited states of methylenecyclopropene.</jats:p>
|
A second-order, quadratically convergent multiconfigurational self-consistent field polarizable continuum model for equilibrium and nonequilibrium solvation
|
[
"Cammi Roberto ",
"Frediani Luca ",
"Mennucci Benedetta ",
"Tomasi Jacopo ",
"Ruud Kenneth ",
"Mikkelsen Kurt V. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1480871
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1481199
|
<jats:p>An evanescent microwave probe (EMP) has been used to characterize low-k dielectric films grown on Si wafers at 2 GHz. Several families of low-k dielectric films with varying film thicknesses have been examined. The EMP signal (shift in resonant frequency) was found to scale with the “reduced electrical length,” defined as the film thickness/dielectric constant. The universal functional dependence derived from the experimental results is quantitatively consistent with the results of both analytical modeling and finite element simulations. These results demonstrate the unique capability of EMP to accurately characterize the application relevant parameter of low-k thin films.</jats:p>
|
Evanescent microwave probe measurement of low-<i>k</i> dielectric films
|
[
"Wang Zhengyu ",
"Kelly Michael A. ",
"Shen Zhi-Xun ",
"Wang Gang ",
"Xiang Xiao-Dong ",
"Wetzel Jeffery T. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1481199
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1481776
|
<jats:p>A thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) study of single crystals of natural fluorine-rich hydroxyapatite, polarized with the electric field (Ep) applied parallel and perpendicular to the c axis, has revealed relaxation modes with axially dependent dielectric behavior. The (re)orientation of the OH− ions in the columns and the hydroxyls of the structural H2O molecules give rise to two prominent thermocurrent bands in the temperature range of ∼200–340 K. Several weak current bands, below ∼200 K, are related to the relaxation of impurity–Ca2+ vacancy (I–V) dipoles. The I–V mechanisms are particularly effective in the case where Ep⊥c axis and are considered to take place via cation jumps on planes perpendicular to the [0001] crystal axis, at regions near “distorted” Ca(II) triangles (i.e., triangles which include impurity ions and Ca2+ vacancies). The band attributed to rotational relaxation of the OH− ions in the columns shows particular strength when Ep⊥c axis, and an extensive distribution of relaxation times. The distribution is due to the multiplicity of physicochemical interactions between the OH− ions and their ionic and molecular neighbors (hydrogen bonds with adjacent F−, Cl−, and O2− ions, varying steric hindrances, etc.). The changes induced in the TSDC spectra after annealing processes at selected high temperatures are interpreted based on the gradual loss of structural H2O molecules located in oxygen or calcium vacancies and the resulting local changes in the crystal lattice.</jats:p>
|
Axially dependent dielectric relaxation response of natural hydroxyapatite single crystals
|
[
"Kalogeras Ioannis M. ",
"Vassilikou-Dova Aglaia ",
"Katerinopoulou Anna "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1481776
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1481778
|
<jats:p>We present a simulation of a chain of three quantum cellular automaton (QCA) cells defined in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure by means of depletion gates, focusing on the evaluation of the voltage unbalance that must be applied to the gates to enforce the correct polarization of the driver cell and propagate it through the other two cells. We use the configuration interaction method in each cell, including the electrostatic coupling between cells with an iterative self-consistent procedure. In particular, we investigate the issue, addressed in the recent literature, of chain malfunction due to the adverse effect on the driven cells of the electric field from the gates defining the driver cell. Our conclusion is that, as long as the gate voltage unbalance polarizing the driver cell is smaller than a threshold depending on geometric and material parameters, correct operation of the QCA wire can be obtained.</jats:p>
|
Analysis of polarization propagation along a semiconductor-based quantum cellular automaton chain
|
[
"Girlanda M. ",
"Macucci M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1481778
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1481856
|
<jats:p>Laser-pulse guided ultrafast electron transfer (ET) is studied theoretically for different types of donor–acceptor systems. The pulse initiates an optical transition from the electronic ground state into an excited state and controls the ET. The computations concentrate on systems where (a) the excited state (donor) is coupled to an acceptor level and where (b) the ET proceeds as an internal conversion from the excited state to the ground state. For both examples the manifold of vibrational coordinates is mapped on a single reaction coordinate coupled to a dissipative reservoir of further coordinates. Utilizing the methods of dissipative quantum dynamics combined with the optimal control (OC) scheme, it is demonstrated that control fields really exist which drive the ET in the required manner. Various properties of the OC algorithm are discussed when applied to dissipative dynamics and a scheme is proposed to avoid pinning in a local extremum.</jats:p>
|
Femtosecond laser pulse control of electron transfer processes
|
[
"Mančal Tomáš ",
"Kleinekathöfer Ulrich ",
"May Volkhard "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1481856
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1481857
|
<jats:p>A strategy to obtain quantum corrections to the cumulative reaction probability from a subspace of active coordinates is analyzed. The kinetic energy operator exactly takes into account the constraints due to inactive coordinates. The geometry of the inactive skeleton is adiabatically adjusted to the dynamical variables or simply frozen according to the coupling to the active space. Dynamics is carried out using the curvilinear coordinates of the Z-matrix so that computation of the potential energy surface and dynamics are coupled. The cumulative reaction probability N(E) is obtained directly in a large range of energy by a time independent formulation of the Zhang and Light transition state wave packet method. NnD(E) is first computed in the active n-dimensional space and then convoluted with a bath. The efficiency of the Chebyshev expansion of the microcanonical projection operator δ(E−ĤnD) appearing in the quantum expression of NnD(E) is checked. The method is implemented for the study of tunneling effect in H transfer. The coordinates are three spherical coordinates referred to the frozen or adiabatic skeleton. We compare the quantum corrections brought about by different 2D groups of internal coordinates.</jats:p>
|
Cumulative reaction probability by constrained dynamics: H transfer in HCN, H2CO, and H3CO
|
[
"Baloı̈tcha E. ",
"Lasorne B. ",
"Lauvergnat D. ",
"Dive G. ",
"Justum Y. ",
"Desouter-Lecomte M. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1481857
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1481961
|
<jats:p>Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization and cavity ring down spectroscopies have been used to provide spatially resolved measurements of relative H atom and CH3 radical number densities, and NH column densities, in a hot filament (HF) reactor designed for diamond chemical vapor deposition and here operating with a 1% CH4/n/H2 gas mixture—where n represents defined additions of N2 or NH3. Three-dimensional modeling of the H/C/N chemistry prevailing in such HF activated gas mixtures allows the relative number density measurements to be placed on an absolute scale. Experiment and theory both indicate that N2 is largely unreactive under the prevailing experimental conditions, but NH3 additions are shown to have a major effect on the gas phase chemistry and composition. Specifically, NH3 additions introduce an additional series of “H-shift” reactions of the form NHx+H⇌NHx−1+H2 which result in the formation of N atoms with calculated steady state number densities &gt;1013 cm−3 in the case of 1% NH3 additions in the hotter regions of the reactor. These react, irreversibly, with C1 hydrocarbon species forming HCN products, thereby reducing the concentration of free hydrocarbon species (notably CH3) available to participate in diamond growth. The deduced reduction in CH3 number density due to competing gas phase chemistry is shown to be compounded by NH3 induced modifications to the hot filament surface, which reduce its efficiency as a catalyst for H2 dissociation, thus lowering the steady state gas phase H atom concentrations and the extent and efficiency of all subsequent gas phase transformations.</jats:p>
|
Effects of NH3 and N2 additions to hot filament activated CH4/H2 gas mixtures
|
[
"Smith James A. ",
"Wills Jonathan B. ",
"Moores Helen S. ",
"Orr-Ewing Andrew J. ",
"Ashfold Michael N. R. ",
"Mankelevich Yuri A. ",
"Suetin Nikolay V. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1481961
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1481963
|
<jats:p>Based on the dielectric continuum model, we have studied the electron-optical phonon scattering rates in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum wells with different structure parameters. It was found that the scattering rate of the symmetric interface phonon mode has a stronger dependence on the Al composition in the barriers than that of the confined mode. The effective phonon energy emitted by hot electrons in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum wells with various Al compositions was estimated and the calculated value agrees with the experimental results qualitatively. For the dependence on the well width, scattering rates of the S+ mode drop considerably as the well width is increased. The dependence of the electron-optical phonon interaction on structure parameters can be clearly explained by the H and G factors defined in the article.</jats:p>
|
Structure effects on electron-optical phonon interaction in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum wells
|
[
"Lee H. C. ",
"Sun K. W. ",
"Lee C. P. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1481963
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1481969
|
<jats:p>The strain relaxation due to cracks of different depths in AlGaN layers grown on GaN template layers has been investigated using spatially resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, high-resolution x-ray diffraction and two-dimensional finite element simulations. The experimental data consistently show that the relief of tensile stress increases with decreasing crack spacing. The measured strain profiles between the cracks are well described by the theoretical calculations for small crack spacings; whereas, deviations for larger crack spacings have been found. The latter is discussed in terms of inelastic strain relaxation mechanisms, the reliability of the deformation potential for AlGaN employed in this article, and the spatial variations in the properties of the AlGaN, e.g., its composition.</jats:p>
|
Strain in cracked AlGaN layers
|
[
"Einfeldt S. ",
"Dießelberg M. ",
"Heinke H. ",
"Hommel D. ",
"Rudloff D. ",
"Christen J. ",
"Davis R. F. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1481969
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1482150
|
<jats:p>Conventional optics in the radio frequency (rf) through far-infrared (FIR) regime cannot resolve microscopic features since resolution in the far field is limited by wavelength. With the advent of near-field microscopy, rf and FIR microscopy have gained more attention because of their many applications including material characterization and integrated circuit testing. We provide a brief historical review of how near-field microscopy has developed, including a review of visible and infrared near-field microscopy in the context of our main theme, the principles and applications of near-field microscopy using millimeter to micrometer electromagnetic waves. We discuss and compare aspects of the remarkably wide range of different near-field techniques, which range from scattering type to aperture to waveguide structures.</jats:p>
|
High-frequency near-field microscopy
|
[
"Rosner Björn T. ",
"van der Weide Daniel W. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1482150
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1482423
|
<jats:p>The interfacial reaction of Ni with relaxed Si1−xGex (x=0.2,0.3) films in the low temperature range, viz., 300–500 °C, has been investigated and compared with that of Ni with Si (i.e., x=0). Ni2(Si1−xGex) and Ni3(Si1−xGex)2 were observed at 300 °C whereas a uniform film of Ni(Si1−xGex) was formed at 400 °C for both Si0.8Ge0.2 and Si0.7Ge0.3 substrates. At 500 °C, a mixed layer consisting of Ni(Si1−yGey) and Si1−zGez was formed with a relation of z&gt;x&gt;y. Sheet resistance measurement results show that the silicided film attains its lowest value at an annealing temperature of 400 °C. The approximate values of the resistivity of the corresponding uniform Ni(Si1−xGex) (x=0.2, 0.3) derived from the transmission electron microscope and sheet resistance results are 19 and 23 μΩ cm, respectively.</jats:p>
|
Interfacial reactions of Ni on Si1−xGex (x=0.2, 0.3) at low temperature by rapid thermal annealing
|
[
"Zhao H. B. ",
"Pey K. L. ",
"Choi W. K. ",
"Chattopadhyay S. ",
"Fitzgerald E. A. ",
"Antoniadis D. A. ",
"Lee P. S. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1482423
| 2,002 |
July
|
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10.1063/1.1482765
|
<jats:p>A numerical method is presented for finding the eigenfunctions (normal modes) and mode frequencies of azimuthally symmetric non-neutral plasmas confined in a Penning trap whose axial thickness is much smaller than their radial size. The plasma may be approximated as a charged disk in this limit; the normal modes and frequencies can be found if the surface charge density profile σ(r) of the disk and the trap bounce frequency profile ωz(r) are known. The dependence of the eigenfunctions and equilibrium plasma shapes on nonideal components of the confining Penning trap fields is discussed. The results of the calculation are compared with the experimental data of Weimer et al. [Phys. Rev. A 49, 3842 (1994)] and it is shown that the plasma in this experiment was probably hollow and had mode displacement functions that were concentrated near the center of the plasma.</jats:p>
|
Vibrational modes of thin oblate clouds of charge
|
[
"Jenkins Thomas G. ",
"Spencer Ross L. "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1482765
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1483132
|
<jats:p>Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements on pseudomorphic modulation-doped transistors (PHEMTs) with a low-temperature (LT) GaAs layer in the GaAs buffer layer clearly show a decrease in the quantum well PL transition energies compared to a PHEMT with no LT GaAs. Self-consistent calculations of the quantum well PL transition energies and oscillator strengths show that the observed decrease in PL energies can be attributed to a larger photoinduced band bending in PHEMTs with an undoped GaAs/LT GaAs interface compared to the photoinduced band bending in PHEMTs with an undoped GaAs/semi-insulating GaAs interface.</jats:p>
|
Photoinduced band-bending effect of low temperature GaAs on AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs modulation-doped transistors
|
[
"Folkes Patrick A. ",
"Gumbs Godfrey ",
"Xu Wen "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1483132
| 2,002 |
July
|
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] |
10.1063/1.1483257
|
<jats:p>Coupling between two local amide I vibrational motions of peptides has been quantitatively estimated by assuming that the two peptides interact with each other via dipole–dipole interaction, the so-called transition dipole coupling (TDC) model. The TDC theory has been applied to describing amide I IR and Raman band envelopes and further used to interpret the two-dimensional IR pump–probe and photon echo spectra of polypeptides recently. In order to quantitatively test the validity of the TDC model or in general dipole–dipole interaction model for a dipeptide, we carry out systematic investigations, by using both the ab initio calculation methods and extended TDC theory, on the potential energy surface, vibrational frequencies of symmetric and antisymmetric amide I vibrational normal modes, transition dipole and transition polarizability, IR and Raman intensities of the two modes, IR-Raman noncoincidence phenomena in the full Ramachandran space for a model dipeptide, glycine dipeptide analog. It is found that the spectroscopic properties of dipeptide can be quantitatively well described by the TDC model, but the quantities related to the potential energy surface such as absolute magnitudes of vibrational frequencies and frequency splitting between the two normal modes cannot be accounted for by using the TDC model. A further investigation of dimeric system with two formamide molecules is presented and the applicability of the TDC model to through space vibrational interaction as a function of intermolecular distance between the two peptides is examined.</jats:p>
|
Amide I vibrational modes in glycine dipeptide analog: <i>Ab initio</i> calculation studies
|
[
"Cha Sangyob ",
"Ham Sihyun ",
"Cho Minhaeng "
] |
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1483257
| 2,002 |
July
|
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