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US-480857D-A
|
nithaok
(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.
' G. NITHAC-K.
LABEL HOLDER.
(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.
G. NITHACK.
LABEL HOLDER. Y No. 480,857. Patented Aug. 16, 1892.
LZ" www MW e rus Noam: usas ce., num-umn., wnsumuven. D. l:4
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
GUSTAV NITHACK, OF OBERNIGK, NEAR BRESLAU, GERMANY.
LABEL-HOLDER.
SPECIFICATION forming part 0f Letters :Patent N0. 480,857, dated August16, 1892.
Application filed November 18, 1891. Serial No. l112.253. (No model.)
-To all whom it may concern,.-
Be it known that I, GUsTAv NITHACK, a subject of the Emperor of Germany,and a resident of Obernigk, near Breslau, in Germany, have invented anew and useful Improvelnent in Label- Holders for Bottles, of which thefollowing is a specification.
This invention relates to an improved device for rapidly attachinglabels to the necks of bottles Without the use of strings or adhesives.
It consists in the various featuresy of improvement more fully pointedoutin the claim.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a Vertical central section online O 0, Fig. 3; Fig. 2, an elevation of a bottle provided with theholder and showing the label as itis first introduced; Fig. 3, across-section on line S S, Fig. l; Fig. 4, a view similar to Fig. 2, butwith the holder revolved; Fig. 5,a view similar to Fig. l,with therubber band D released; Fig. 6, a front View of Fig. 5; Fig. 7, anenlarged vertical central section of Fig. 5; Fig. 8, a face view of theholder detached; Fig. 9, a face view of a modification; Fig. 10, avertical central section thereof; Fig. 11, a face view of a furthermodication; Fig. 12, a plan thereof; Fig. 13, a side View of a bottleprovided with this modification; Fig. 14, a longitudinal section thereofwith the label inserted; Fig. 15, a side view thereof with the holderrevolved; and Fig. 16, a cross-section on line P P, Fig. 15.
The letter A represents the holder proper, which in Figs. 1 to 8 isshown to be composed of a U-shaped bail or frame of wire having the endsbent to form eyes a. These eyes are made to embrace a rubber band D,slipped over the neck of the bottle C. The label E is made of taperingform and is slipped into the holder between the bandD and the cross-armbetween band and bottle-neck until it finally v arrives in a positionbelow and parallel to the band, Fig. 7. The revolution of the band willcause the labelE to become folded around the cross-arm A', and when thestrap D is relaxed the label will thus be securely locked in placebetween bail and 'strap on the one hand and the bottle-neck on the otherhand, as shown in Fig. 6.
In Figs. 9 and 10 I employ a square or foursided frame in lieu of thethree-sided bail A2, being the additional or fourth side.
In Figs. 1l to 16 the frame is of the same form as in Figs. 9 and 10;but the band D is doubled upon itself and encircles only onehalf of thebottleneck-z'. e., the half not occupied by the frame, Fig. 1b'. Tofasten the label E to a frame of this form, it is slipped with its endbetween the arms A A2 and then the frame is revolved in the mannerpreviously described. If desired, the cover over the cork may also beattached by this holder.
What I claim is- The combination of a bottle C with an elastic bandencircling its neck, a bail having a rigid cross-arm'A and suspendedbelow the band, and with a flexible label folded around the cross-arm,substantially as specified.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.
GUSTAV NITHACK.
Witnesses:
ERNEST JAECKEL, W. LOEWENTHAL,
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1892-08-16"
}
|
US-586566D-A
|
Elastic wheel
(No Model.)
J. H. PETERSON.
ELASTIC WHEEL.
No. 586 566. Patented July 20,1897.
m: mums warns on PHOTO-LUNG WASHINGTON n c UNITnn STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JACOB ll. PETERSON, OF DES MOINES, IOVA.
ELASTIC WHEEL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 586,566, dated July 20,1897.
Application filed March 12, 1897.
To all whom, it may concern:
Be it known that I, J A0013 I l. PETERSON, residing at Des Moines, inthe county of Folk and State of Iowa, have invented a new and usefulElastic lVheel for Bicycles, &c., of which the following is aspecification.
The object of this invention is to provide a vehicle-wheel of strong anddurable construction having a substantially solid tire, with meanswhereby the vibrations attendant upon the passage of the wheel overrough and uneven roads will not be transmitted to the axle of the wheel,and my object is, further, to provide a driving-wheel for bicycles andthe like in which power is stored in the cushioning-springs of the wheelupon the downward stroke of the pedals, so that the springs will actuateto advance the vehiclewheels a slight distance after the pedals havefinished their effective stroke to thereby facilitate hill-climbing andthe attainment of great speed.
My invention consists in certain details in the construction,arrangement, and co mbination of the various parts of the wheel, andparticularlyin the arrangement within a solid wheel of a rim rotatablerelative to the wheel, and a series of springs for connecting the rimwith the axle to thereby limit the movement of the rotatable rim and tocushion the wheel, as hereinafter more fully and particularly set forth,pointed out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings,in which- Figure 1 shows a side elevation of the complete wheel. Fig. 2shows a vertical transverse sectional view taken through the line 2 2 ofFig. 1. Fig. 3 shows a detail sectional view through the line 3 of Fig.2.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, the reference-numeral is used toindicate a rim having a tire 11 secured therein.
The reference-numeral12 indicates a double rim made of L-shape metalbars and connected at equal distances by means of the Ushapedcross-pieces 13. Spokes 14c serve to connect the rims 12 with the rim10. In addition to these spokes I have provided a series of guide-rods15, extended from the rim 10 to the cross-pieces 13 and running inparallel planes close to each other. I employ screw nipples 16 forconnecting the said Serial No. 627,099. (No model.)
spokes and guide-rods with the said rim and cross-pieces thereof.
The reference-numeral 17 is used to indicate a hub having flanges 18 atits ends and a flange 19 at its central portion.
The reference-numeral 20 indicates a rim of smaller diameter than therim 10, designed to pass between the guides 15 and to be capable of aslight rotary movement relative to the rim 10 and also a slightup-and-down movement within the guides 15. A series of spokes 21 connectthe flanges 18 of the hub with the said rim 20. I have fixed to theflange 10 of the hub two arms 22 to project outwardly therefrom, and thereference-numeral 23 indicates contractile springs having hooks formedon their ends and connected with the central portions of thecross-pieces 13 and also with the flange 19. The aforesaid arms 22 onthe hub are extended part way through two of these springs.
Power is applied to rotate the wheel through the means of asprocket-wheel 24, connected with one of the flanges 18 by means of thebolts 25, or in any suitable way.
In practical operation it is obvious that when a weight is applied tothe hub the spring above the central line will be compressed and the hubmay move downwardly a slight distance relative to the rims 12, and whenthe wheel is in motion in passing over a raised obstruction on thesurface the rim 10 may be elevated and the wheel passed over the obstruction before the hub is elevated. Hence the vibrations caused byrunning over an uneven ground or surface will not be transmitted to thehub of the wheel. However, the hub is held rigidly in line with the rimof the wheel by means of the guides 15 and the rim 20. Furthermore, intransmitting power to the sprocket-wheel 24 it is obvious that a hardpull upon the sprocket-wheel in one direction will tend to rotate theaxle a slight distance against the pressure of all the springs. Thispressure will be particularly applied to those springs into which thearms 22 are inserted. However, the sprocket-wheel may rotate a limiteddistance within the wheel proper when a strong power is applied thereto,and then the springs will tend to return the sprocket to its normalposition and will thereby aid in advancing the wheel even though thesprocket is only held stationary. Hence in climbing hills the rider maystore a certain'amount of power in the springs upon the downwardmovement of the pedals, and this power will tend to rotate the wheelswhen the pedalhas reached the limit of its effective stroke.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States there'- for, is-
1. A vehiclewheel, comprising an outer rim, a second double rim arrangedwithin and concentrically of the first, spokes connecting the outer rimand the double rim, a hub, a third rim mounted within the spokes of theother rims and capable of a rotary movement relative thereto, andsprings for connecting the said hub and the double rim, for the purposesstated.
2. A vehicle-wheel, comprising an outer rim, a double rim arrangedwithin and concentrically of the first, and having cross-pieces forconnectingthem, spokes for connecting the outer rim and the double rims,guides fixed to the outer rim and to the cross-pieces of the doublerims, a hub having two or more outwardly-projecting arms at its centralportion, a third rim arranged for rotation Within the said guides,spokes for connecting the third rim With the hub, and a series ofcontractile springs connected with the said crosspieces of the doublerim and also with the said hub, and having the said extensions on thehub admitted into the central portion of two or more of the springs,substantially as and
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1897-07-20"
}
|
US-68612D-A
|
Kichard h
' @uitsnistrs 'jig-'stmt @Hirn 4`nien-.inn H. CUTTER, or CLEVELAND,OHIO'.
' .l Leem Potent Nq. 68,512.' dated @Pemba-1o, 1867.v
ursovnn Bewerten.
@tige .seguirle nutrir in in tigen titrrt @anni nu making pitt if itstime.
TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONGERN z Beit known that I, RICHARD H. GUTTER, ofCleveland, county of Cuyehogo, in the State of Ohio, have invented-:3.new und improved E,Spring-Bed Bottom; and-LI do hereby declare that thefollowing is u full and exact description thereof, reference being hadto the ce'companying drawings, and' 'to the letters of reference .l
marked thereon.
Figure l is e perspective view.
Figure 2 is a. vertical cross-section.
Figure' is n plan showing the manner of weaving the webbing into thespring.
The nature of this invention consists in securing the springs by webbinginterwoven into the ends of the springs insuch a. 'manner that they maybe used on both sides, thus presenting u springy surface for either o.bed bottom or lounge-scot upon either side, the ends of' the wire ofwhich the Springs are made being turned over 1nd looked so :is to form ncomplete ringy into which the webbingqis woven. The webbing may bestretched perfectly straight on one side and presento. level surface, orthe webbing muy be evenly stretched on both sides. By thus interweovingwebbing into the springs the pressure is alike upon `muy part between asupon the springs, und there is no punching through or uneven pressure ofthe springs. They do notl weer out nor become displaced as soon, und incese a. spring is broken :mother may be easily replaced.
That others muy fully understand nay-improvement, -I will describe itsconstruction.
lA represents a. freine of suitable size for either a. bed-bottom orlounge-seat. B B are strips of webbing nttached'ztt both ends to theframeAby tacks or otherwise.' C C are also strips of webbing7 which passthrough the rings of the springs and are interwoven with thecross-strips B, thus securing the springs in position without otherassistonce.' Both endsoof the springs D are for-med into rings byturning over the end of the wireand locking in the mann-er seen :it d,tig. 3. This prevents their slipping or becoming displaced on thewebbing. In abcd-bottom the springs may be set on slats of woedend havetwine interwoven through the'rings on the slats to prevent any noisewhen the springs are compressed. This may be done where only one side ofthe springs is designed to be used.
A spring-bed bottom or lounge-seeconstructed in the ina-nner hereindescribed possesses several advantages over the ol'd, which are, first,it makes a. convenient bed-botro1n which takes the place of a. mattress;second, it also makes a. convenient lounge-seat; and, third, by itspeculiar construction the springs muy be used on either side, es in thebed-lounge the folding seat is required to be used on both sides7 thusrendering but one set of springs necessary. The interwe'aving of thewebbing in the manner described. makes un equal bearing on the springswherever .the pressure happens to be.
I do not claim the springs as new, nor the use of webbing)` stretchedacross fra-me, but I claim the abovedescribed bed-bottom asa new articleof manufacture. v
R. H. CUTTER.
`v Witnesses:
GEO. W. TrBBrrs, JAMES W. LEE.
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1867-09-10"
}
|
US-8917D-A
|
Leather-gage
L. W. BEEOHER.
LEATHER GAGE.
No. 8,917. Patented May 4, 1852.
LEWIS W. BEECHER, OF AVON, NEW YORK.
LEATHER-GAGE.
Specification of Letters Patent No. 8,917, dated May 4, 1852.
To all whom it may concern.
Be itknown that I, LEWIS W. Bnnonnn, of the town of Avon, in the countyof Livingston and State of New York, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Raising and Lowering a Roller and Bringing it in Contactwith a Knife for the Purpose of Shaving and Gaging Leather for theManufacturing of Harness, Saddles, Boots, Shoes, and Bookbinding; and Ido hereby declare that the following is a full,
clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of thesame, reference being had to the annexed drawing, making a part of thisspecification, in which Figure 1 is a perspective View; Fig. 2 a centraltransverse section.
. Letter A is the knife that rests upon the top of the machine, havingtwo long square holes through it, one at each end, through which screwsare inserted into the frame which confines the knife and keeps it in itsproper place when used.
Letters B. B. are two set 'screwsthatare inserted through a part of theframe at the top and back of the knife for the purpose of keeping theknife in a proper position for shaving different kinds of leather. W hena hard thick piece of leather is to be shaved,
such as sole leather, then the edge of the knife is to be put back fromthe center of the roller one half of a sixteenth of an inch, but whensoft springy leather or shoe binding to be out then the edge of theknife to be placed directly over the center of the roller. Letter C. aroller that lies in a movable frame under the knife upon which theleather moves when drawn through.
Letters D. D. is a movable frame running in grooves one at each end.This movable frame contains the roller and has two reversed wedges uponthe under side.
Letter E. is an inclined plane which lies under the movable frame,through which is inserted a screw in the center into the bottom of theprincipal frame, on which it turns. This has two reversed wedges, oneupon each end, which lie under and upon which the two wedges upon themovable frame rest, these wedges lying transversely upon each other, sothat when it is turned by use of a thumb piece which is upon the lefthand side of it causes the frame that contains the roller to move up anddown, and the leather put in between the roller and knife and the rollerraised presses the leather against the edge of the knife, and beingdrawn through by the hand. doth shave and gage it to an eXact thickness.
Letters F. F. are the outside frame, which is screwed to a board, andthe whole is screwed down to the work bench or any secure place for use.
This machine is made .of cast-iron except the roller and knife, and of asize large enough to shave leather from the narrow strap to two feetwide to a perfect thickness.
forth.
LEWIS W. BEECHER. Witnesses:
JOHN T. HALL, F. M. CUTTER.
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1852-05-04"
}
|
US-67216133-A
|
Synchronous communication system
Jan. 4, 1938; H H s 2,104,570
SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed May 22, 1933 8 Sheets-Sheet lmvEN'roR HARRY J. NICHOL BYW.
ATTORN EY Jan. 4, 1938 H. J. NICHOLS SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMFiled May 22, 1953 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 f ly, 1-5
HNVENTUR HA RY J,NICHOLS.
ATTORNEY Jan. 4, 1938. 2,104,570
H. J. NICHOLS SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed May 22, 1933 8Sheets-Sheet 5 PR/NTER- INVENTOR HARRY J. NICHOLS.
Fly. 2
ATTORN EY Jan. 4, v H, J ICH S SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FiledMay 22, 19:53 8 Sheets -Sheet 4 5. INVENTOR RY J. NICHOLS. 3217/ATTORNEY H. J. NlCHOLS Jan. 4, 1938.
v SYNGHRONOUS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed May 22, 1955 8 sheets sheet 5PR/lYTER-\ l9 mvm'roR HARRY d. NI CHOLS ATTORNEY Jan. 4, 1938. H. J.NICHOLS SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed May 22, 1935 8Sheets-Sheet 6 cemen Dis 01a t Fi 12.
12v VENTOR HARRY J.NICHOLS. )ZTORA/E y Jan. 4, 1938. H 0 5 2,104,570
SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filzd May 22, 1933 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 1NVEN TOR HARRY J. NICHU LS Jan. 4, 1938. H, J cHo s 2,104,570
SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Filed May 22, 1933 8 Sheets-Sheet 8Linc INVENTOR HARRY J. NICHOLS.
A TTOR/VEV Patented Jan. 4, 1938 UNITED STATES SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATIONSYSTEM Harry J. Nichols, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to InternationalBusiness Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of NewYork Application May 22, 1933, Serial No. 672,161
64. Claims.
-This invention relates to synchronous communication systems andparticularly to single impulse printing telegraph systems.
A general object of the invention is to provide a printing telegraphsystem in which single signal impulses, distinguished only in respect totime, are utilized to automatically establish synchronism, to providecontinuous phase correction to maintain synchronism, and to select theprinting characters and printing movements.
A more specific object is to provide a synchronizing and selectivesystem, and suit-able apparatus, whereby an electric typewriter. withminor modifications and changes, can be utilized as the printingmechanism of a printing telegraph.
A further object is to provide a printing telegraph system in which thegreater part of the apparatus is utilized for both sending and receivingfunctions with consequent advantages in economy and in simplification.
A further object is to provide a printing telegraph system in which bythe simple manipulation by the operator of a. single switch, theapparatus is instantly placed in the sending, receiving, or typingcondition.
A further object is to provide printing telegraph apparatus utilizing astandard typewriter key board and with both lower case and upper caseletters, figures, and characters, with auto- .matic operation ofcarriage return, shift, spacer, tabulator, and back spacer etc, so thattelegraphic communications may be transmitted in the form of the usualcommercial or personal letter.
A further object is to provide printing telegraph apparatus of thespeed, touch, and key board of a standard typewriter so that typiststrained to operate the ordinary typewriter may, Without specialtraining, operate the printing telegraph apparatus described in thepresent invention.
Afeature of the present invention is that the typewriter utilized as theprinting mechanism of the printing telegraph system herein disclosed,when not being used for the transmission or reception of messages, isequally suitable for typing letters. reports, etc. of the usual nature.
A further object of the present invention is a simple calling signallingarrangement whereby initial calls can be made whether or not the drivingmotor is running, and while the typewriter is being used for typing, andbreak-in calls can be made during transmission, the same apparatus beingutilized to effect calling signals under the several conditions.
A further object of the invention is to automatically establish andmaintain in a positive manner and with exactness, synchronism betweentransmitting and receiving apparatus at separate points.
A further object is to accomplish such synchronism by means of singleimpulses transmitted at a definite phase position during each cycle ofmotion of the transmitting apparatus.
A further object is to accomplish such synchronism by means of signalimpulses suitable for transmission over telephone, telegraph or radiocommunication systems without special adaptation of such systems.
A further object is to maintain close synchronism of the receivingapparatus by correcting, if necessary, and in the degree necessary, thephase position of the controlled element once during each cycle ofmotion, ensuring that the controlled element moves at all times in closesynchronism with the controlling element.
A further object is to provide a governor for driving motors for thesynchronized elements which is accurate, sensitive, and quick inresponse, and which is compensated for temperature efiects.
A further object is to provide a governor for the driving motor whichpermits minor speed adjustments to be made electrically withoutadjustment of the mechanical settings of the governor and withoutimpairing the range of operation and accuracy of regulation of thegovernor.
A further object is to provide a motor speed control arrangement wherebymeans operable from a distance may be utilized to effect a minoradjustment of the motor speed in a predetermined amount without loss ofcontrol by the governor.
A further object is to provide a synchronizing arrangement which bysimple switching methods is immediately convertible for eithercontrolling or controlled functioning.
A further object is to provide a particular form of electro-magneticrelay and associated circuit and apparatus whereby the relay may beoperated by a single current impulse of short duration, and is held inthe operated condition as.
long as similar periodic impulses are applied, and which resumes theunoperated condition when a single periodic impulse is missed. p
A further object is to provide a phase correcting mechanism which issimple in construction, accurate in operation, reliable and durable, andwhich automatically compensates for instrumental and line retardation ofsignals.
A further object is to provide a smooth acting phase corrector whichwhile in continuous operation, will not tend to change the speed of thecontrolled element when running in synchronism.
A further object is to provide an electro-magnetic phase corrector whichfunctions to correct the phase position of the controlled elementwithout physical engagement therewith.
A further object is to provide non-repeat means in the sending conditionwhereby only one signal is sent to the line for each operation of atype-bar key lever.
A further object is to provide interlock means whereby only one keylever may be depressed at a time. A further object is to provide keylatch and key release means whereby during sending operations, a keylever when depressed is retained in that position until the rotarydistributor collects the corresponding signal, whereupon the key leveris released for return to the unoperated position,
A further object is to provide means whereby the key latch is held outof engagement with the key levers after release by collection of thesignal, and thereafter as long as the key is held depressed manually,and is permitted to return to the position of engagement with all keylevers when the held key is released.
A further object is to provide automatic cutoif means for the electronicrelay whereby the-current impulses corresponding to the received signalimpulses are made of uniform duration irrespective of the duration ofthe signal impulses.
A further object is to provide duplex transmission means wherebybreak-in calls may be received when transmitting.
Other objects and features will be in part obvious and in parthereinafter pointed out in connection withthe following descriptiontaken in connection with the accompanying sheets of drawings formingpart of this disclosure.
In the drawings, Figs. 1A and 1B, which are to be considered as parts ofthe same drawing, show in diagrammatic form the circuits and apparatuswhich together with the typewriter or printer comprise a completecommunication unit. Fig. 1A shows the circuits and apparatus utilized insending, receiving, and calling. The circuits are shown in the typingcondition, which is the condition when the selector apparatus is notbeing used for sending and receiving, and the typewriter is availablefor typing. Fig. 1B shows the power rectifier providing power for thevarious relays, magnets, etc. comprising the selectingapparatus, and thedistributor driving motor and its control.
Fig. 2 shows in diagrammatic form the circuits and apparatus utilized insending, and for purposes of explanation is referred to as the sendingstation or station A.
Fig. 3 is a similar diagram of the circuits and apparatus utilized inreceiving, and is referred to as the receiving station or station E.
Fig. 4 is a similar diagram of the circuits and apparatus used incalling.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the rotary distributor assembly including theplateau with segments and ring, the rotating distributor arm, and thecorrector magnet in relation to the distributor, showing thedistributor. arm in the rest position preparatory for release toestablish synchronism.
Fig. 6 is a side view, partly in section, showing the same assembly asin Fig. 5, and details of the hub, drive shaft, and friction drive.
Fig. 7 is a sectional view on line VII-VII of Fig. 6, looking towardsthe corrector magnet.
Fig. 8 is a side view showing a modification of the correctorarrangement, in which the corrector bar passes across the face of thecorreotor magnet poles.
Fig. 9 is a plan view of the structure shown in Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a side view showing a further modification of the correctorarrangement.
Fig. 11 is a side perspective viewof the corrector bar shown in Fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a pull-displacement diagram showing the general nature of thetangential magnetic pull on the corrector bar by the corrector magnet.
Fig 13 is a plan view of the electro-magnetic clutch arrangement shownin the rest position.
Fig. 14 is a similar view, omitting the clutch magnet, and showing theclutch cam position for free rotation of the distributor hub.
Fig. 15 is a side view of the .cam mechanism assembly shown in Fig. 14.
Fig. 16 is a cross sectional View of the clutch cam taken on lineXVI-.-XVI of Fig. 13.
Fig. 17 is a schematic circuit diagram, showing the part of the circuitassociated with the clutch relay magnet.
Fig. 18 is an end view of the governor assembly.
Fig. 19 is a side view of the governor assembly.
Fig. 20 shows, in exaggerated form, the efieot of temperature on thethermal compensation means for the governor.
Fig. 21 is a diagram showing schematically the arrangement for minoradjustment of the motor speed.
Fig. 22 is a fragmentary view of the key interlock, illustrating theprinciple of operation.
Fig. 23 is a side view, partly in section, of the solenoid assembly, thekey interlock, and the key latch, showing the construction andarrangement of these parts. The spring link for connecting the plungersof the solenoids to the members which they actuate is also shown.
Fig. 24 shows the left end of the space bar assembly, showing thedetails of construction.
Like characters represent like parts.
General description A complete installation unit consists of an electrictypewriter, a typewriter control assembly, and a. distributor unitassembly. The typewriter control assembly is mounted underneath andinside the typewriter frame. The distributor unit assembly is housed ina case, and is located near the typewriter. The two assemblies areconnected electrically by a multiple conductor cable.
The principal items of equipment comprising a typewriter controlassembly are:
(a) The key solenoid assembly.
(b) The key switches.
(c) The auxiliary switch.
(d) The key latch.
(e) The key latch release magnet.
(f) The key interlock.
(g) The send-receive switch.
The principal items of equipment comprising a distributor assembly are:
(a) The rotary distributor.
(b) The drive motor.
(0) The rectifier.
(d) The clutch mechanism.
( e) The phase-Corrector arrangement.
(1) The electronic relay.
(0) The cut-off relay.
(h) The non-repeat relay.
(1') The duplex transmission arrangement.
(7') The call circuit.
(k) The multiple switch relay.
In Fig. 1A, the apparatus comprising the typewriter control assembly isincluded within the dot-dash rectangle. cluded in the distributor unit.
All other apparatus is in- The apparatus shown in Fig. 1A performs thefunctions of transmitting and receiving printing impulses andsynchronizing impulses, both, of which classes of impulses aredistributed via the rotary distributor. Referring to Figs. 1, 5, 6, therotary'distributorconsists of a series of metallic segments II, andsolid metallic ring I2, both mounted on a disc I4 of insulatingmaterial, and the rotary brush arm I3, rotatably mounted on andyieldingly driven by the drive shaft 55. The ring and segments, whileactually arranged in concentric circles, are shown in linear developmentin some figures in order to simplify the diagram. The rotary brush armI3, which makes electrical connection from ring to segments, passesacross all the segments once dur-.
ing each revolution in a well understood manner. The drive shaft 55 isconveniently driven at uniform speed by a motor 99, as hereinafterdescribed. The brush arm I3 is shown in the rest position on segment 3.
A clutch release relay I5 is provided to stop and to release the brusharm in accordance with the invention, and for illustrative purposes isshown with its armature IS in engagement with the brush arm I3. The"armature I6, also actuates springs I! and I8 which function inconnection with receiving operations.
The release relay I5 is provided with a low impedance winding and a highimpedance winding 2| connected in series. Across the terminals of thewinding 2| is connected 2. storing condenser 22. The outer terminal ofthe winding 20 is connected to the positive bus the outer terminal ofwinding 2| is connected to spring I8, to spring I92 of the send-receiveswitch I90, and to one terminal of the corrector magnet 36. The releaserelay I5 is of the quick-acting, slow release type, and responds quicklyto a short current impulse, but holds for a prolonged period, and ifsupplied with properly timed impulses continues to hold in the operatedposition as long as such impulses are regularly received. A relay whichso operates is sometimes called a pulse sustained relay, and while otherforms of such relays are in use, the particular form here disclosed isnovel and constitutes part of the present invention. It is described infurther detail hereinafter.
The power for transmission purposes and for the operation of the variousrelays and magnets is obtained from any suitable direct current source.preferably from the rectifier assembly shown in Fig. 1B. The rectifierassembly consists of the power transformer 2K9, rectifier tube 2|I,-preferably of full-wave type as shown, the filter condenser '2I2, andfilter choke 2I3, all connected as shown. The power transformer 2H] hasa primary 2 I4, connected" to the power mains 2H; secondary 2I5 tosupply heating current to the cathode of tube 2| I center tappedsecondary 2I6 to supply anode current to the tube 2H; and secondary I37with center tap I36 to supply heating current to the cathode of theelectronic relay I32.
The output of the rectifier is applied to the terminals of the voltagedivider 24a and 24?) shown in Fig. 1A. The positive bus 25 is connectedto the positive terminal of the voltage divider, and the negative bus 26to the negative terminal. The zero bus |3| is connected to the zeroterminal between sections 24a and 24b of the voltage divider, thesection 24b thus furnishing in a well understood manner a negative biasfor the grid I33 of the electronic relay I32.
The elements of the electronic relay I32, which is of the gridcontrolled, gaseous discharge type are the grid I33, the cathode I34 andthe anode or plate I35, all contained in an evacuated glass envelope, asis well understood. Th/E center tap I36 of the cathode heatingtransformer I3! is connected to the zero bus I3I.
In series with the plate I of electronic relay I32 is the cut-off relayI10, connected as shown, with winding I'Il shunted by variable resistorI12, and provided with contacts I13 and I14. As is. well known, the gridof a grid controlled gaseous discharge tube is usually unable to stopthe discharge when once started, and the plate current is normally cutoff by disconnecting the plate supply, or by causing the plate to becomenegative in respect to the cathode. While either method may be used, itis preferred in the present case to cut off the plate current after ashort interval by utilizing the cut-off relay to open the contacts I'i3|I4. The variable resistor I12 permits of very exact timing of thecut-off interval, and the whole arrangement is rugged and reliable. Aspark suppressor arrangement may be connected across the contactsII3-I'I4 to reduce sparking to a negligible degree.
The duplex transmission arrangement consists of the sending or outputtransformer 21 with primary winding 23 and secondary winding 29; and thereceiving or input transformer 32 with center tapped primary 33 andsecondary 34. The resistor 35, of a suitable value to balance the lineimpedance, is connected across the secondary 34, and across thisresistor 35 appears the potential which overloalances the normal bias onthe grid I33, and trips off the electronic relay in a well understoodmanner. The center tap of the primary 33 is connected to one terminal ofthe secondary 29, the other terminal being connected to the lineterminal 39.
One terminal of the primary 33 is connected to the terminal 30 while theother terminal is connected to line terminal 3| thru the artificial linenetwork A. L. as shown.- The functioning of duplex transmission beingwell understood, the operation is manifest, and does not requirediscussion beyond that which will be given hereafter in connection withthe calling circuits.
The send-receive switch I90 is a three position switch, the threepositions being indicated by R. T. S. referring respectively to thereceiving, typing, and sending conditions. The switch is of the levertype and has one "set of break-make springs, and one set of makesprings. These springs are numbered from 191 to 195 inclusive. In the Tand S positions, the send-receive switch mechanically holds theuniversal bar key latch I5I out of engagement with the key levers I56.
The multiple switch relay I60, controlled by the send-receive switch I90, provides the automatic switching operations required to change fromsending condition to receiving condition and vice versa. It is providedwith a single winding I6I, and three sets of break-make contactsnumbered from 1 to 9 inclusive. In order to simplify the diagram, thesecontacts are shown in their natural locations in the circuit, and arenumbered 1 to 9 inclusive for the purpose of identification. In serieswith the Winding IGI is the reading condenser arrangement comprisingcondenser I62 and shunt resistor I63. of the reading condenserarrangement, as is well understood in the art, is to provide a strongoper- The purpose ating pulse in the circuit followed by a lower holdingcurrent. It also compensates in part the inductance of the circuit ofwhich it is a part.
Synchronization Referring to Fig. 2, the transmission of synchrom'zingimpulses is accomplished as follows:
Assume that the brush arm I3 is frictionally driven, but is held in therest position on segment 3 by the armature I6 of the relay I5. To startsending synchronizing signals, the send-receive switch I90 is thrown tothe S position, as indicated. This completes a circuit from zero busthru reading condenser I62 thru winding I6I of ls multiple switch relayvia contacts I 9I-I92'of send-receive switch to relay I5, thru condenser22 and winding 20 to positive bus. A strong cur-- rent thru this circuitoperates multiple switch relay I60, breaking contacts 2--3, 56, 6-9 andmaking contacts I2, 4-5, 1-8. Release relay I5 is also energized,attracting armature I6 which releases brush arm I3. As condensers 22 andI62 become charged, a small steady current limited by resistor I63 fiowsthru windings I6I and 2| providing sufficient holding current to holdthe multiple switch relay and release relay in the operated condition. Astrong operating pulse followed by low holding current is thus provided,preventing over heating of the relay windings.
On being released by armature I6, the brush arm I3 is set in rotation bythe friction drive,
and takes up the uniform speed of the drive shaft set by the drivingmotor. When the brush arm reaches segment I, a circuit is completed frompositive bus via contacts 8-1 thru the pulse shaping net-work comprisingthe reading condenser I65 and shunt resistor I66 and inductance I61 inseries therewith, via contacts 45 to segment I, via brush arm l3 to ringI2, via contacts 2I thru primary 28 to zero bus. For the duration of thecontact of the brushes with segment I, current flows thru the circuitjust traced, and a corresponding signal impulse is sent to the line bythe secondary 29 of the output transformer 21. This impulse, which isrepeated for each revolution of the brush arm I3, is called thesynchronizing signal.
It is to be noted that the synchronizing signal in its passage to theline from secondary 29 passes thru primary 33 via the center tap, andthus thru the equal sections of primary 33 to the line terminals. Withthe artificial line A. L. in proper balance the currents thru thesections of primary 33 are equal, and in opposition, hence no voltage isinduced in the secondary 34 and the grid I33 is unaffected by signalssent to the line under these conditions.
Referring to Fig. 3, the reception and application of the synchronizingsignals at the receiving station is as follows:
At the receiving stati0n,'the synchronizing signals are received at theline terminals 30 and 3! and are applied to the terminals of primary 33of the input transformer 32. The current from terminal 30 passing thruthe secondary 29 of the vfully described hereinafter.
ducting, and current flows in the plate circuit. The brush arm I3 beingat rest on segment 3, a circuit is completed from zero bus thru centertap I36, and transformer winding I31 thru cathode I'34 to plate I35 viacontacts I13I14 thru winding I1I via contacts I94-'I95 of thesendreceive switch and contacts 32 to ring, via. brush arm I3 to segment3 via contacts I1--I8 thru condenser 22, thru winding '20 to positivebus. A strongcurrent pulse flows thru this circuit, operating releaserelay I5 and thereafter cutoff relay I10, which opens contacts I13--I14, terminating the pulse. The armature I6 is pulled in, releasing thebrush arm I3, and opening contacts I 1I 8. The flow of current thrucondenser 22 has charged that condenser providing holding current forthe high impedance winding 2|, delaying the release of armature I6. Thecut-off relay I10 releases quickly, being of low impedance, and beingshunted by the resistor I12. Before relay I10 closes its contacts,however, the plate current has been interrupted long enough to permitthe electronic relay I32 to de-ionize and the grid I33 to regaincontrol. The electronic relay I 32, with its associated cut-off relay,thus provides strong local current impulses which are initiated by theline-signals, but which are of definite duration.
When released, the brush arm I3 is set in motion by its friction drive(and clutch as is explained hereinafter) and-is thereafter rotated atuniform speed. Brush arm I3 having started starting the brush arm fromrest on segment 3 enables the brush arm to arrive at segment I as thenext synchronizing signal is received. The
synchronizing signal energizes the electronic re- I lay I32 as before,but this time the circuit. is com pleted via segment I as follows: viasame circuit as before to ring, via brush arm to segment I, via
contacts. 56, thru winding of corrector magnet 36, thru condenser 22 andwinding 20 to positive bus. The current pulse thru this circuitreplenishes the charge on condenser 22, maintainingthe release relay I5in the operated condition, and energizes the corrector magnet 36. Thedetails of the operation of the corrector magnet 36 and release relay I5will be more At this point it is to be observed that provided the brusharm I3 arrives on segment I when the synchronizing signal is beingapplied to the grid of the electronic relay, the charge on the condenser22 is replenished, sustaining the'operation of the release relay I5, andthe corrector magnet 36 is energized. If these conditions are notfulfilled, release relay I5 drops out, and during the subsequentrevolution the brush arm I3 is stopped on the rest segment. If thesignals continue, the same procedure is repeated until synchronism isestablished.
In practice, itis found that with proper adjustment of the clutchmechanism and by setting the rest position for the brush arm at theproper place, synchronismis usually established on the first revolution.Thereafter, synchronism is maintained by the corrector magnet correctingthe phase angle of the receiving distributor arm to keep it in unisonwith the sending distributor arm. Should, for any reason, unison withinapproximately one half segment width be departed from, the brush arm I3is stopped on the rest segment by reason of release relay I droppingout, and the synchronizing procedure is repeated when the nextsynchronizing pulse is received. Thus synchronism, if lost, is automatically re-established.
Sending circuits and operations Referring to Fig. 2, the printing signalimpulse transmitting apparatus includes the key switches I51 ofbreak-make type, one for each key of the typewriter, there being 48 keyson a standard typewriter key board. The armature spring of eachkey-switch is connected to an individual segment; the make springs areconnected to the common key-switch bus I38, as shown. The keyswitch busis connected to one terminal of the non-repeat relay I40, and to spring144 of relay I40.
Each key lever operates its associated keyswitch by means of aninsulated push rod I50 as indicated. For transmitting purposes, each keylever when depressed is held down by the universal bar key latch I5Iuntil released by the key release magnet I52. The universal bail I53 ispositioned below and transversely across the row of key levers, beingheld in light contact therewith by a retractile spring (not shown). Whenany key is depressed, the bail I53 closes the auxiliary switch I54 bymeans of push rod I55. One spring of the auxiliary switch is connectedto the key switch bus I38; the other spring is connected to spring I42of non-repeat relay I40.
The non-repeat relay I40 has a low impedance winding I45, located on theheel end of the core I40, and a high impedance winding I41. In serieswith the winding I41 is aweading condenser arrangement consisting of thecondenser I48 and shunt resistance I49.
To commence sending, the send-receive switch is thrown to the Sposition, and synchronizing signals are sent to the line for a fewseconds to permit the receiving machine to come to synchronisrn asdescribed above. Printing signals may then be sent by depressing thetypewriter keys as for ordinary typing.
Assuming key 5 to be depressed, the operations which result are asfollows: As the key lever nears thebottom of its stroke, the mechanismof the typewriter is tripped, and the typewriter immediately types theselected character to furnish a local copy of the message. The key leveris latched down in the depressed position by the universal bar key latchI5I hooking over the end of the key lever I50. The finger can be at onceremoved from the key. When the key is pressed down, the push rod I50(one for each key lever) which abuts against the lower edge of the keylever, pushes down the armature spring of its associated key switch,breaking the upper contacts and making the lower contacts. The universalbail I53 is also rotated about its axis by the movement of the keylever, and operates the single push rod I55 which closes the auxiliaryswitch contacts. The operation of the key switch connects the key switchbus I38 to the segment associated with the particular key switch, in thepresent instance segment 5. 'When the brush arm I3 arrives at segment 5,a circuit is completed from positive bus, via contacts 8-1 thru lowimpedance winding MS of non-repeat relay I40,'via contacts I4 2-I45 tokey switch bus B8,
viamiddle andlower contacts of the operated key switch to segment 5, viabrush arm I3 to ring, via contacts 2-I thru primary 28 of outputtransformer 21 to zero bus I3!. A strong current impulse flows thru thiscircuit, its duration being determined by the time of contact of thebrush arm I3 with segment 5, and a printing signal of the same durationis sent to the line by the secondary 29 of the output transformer 21.
Non-repeat and key release arrangement The local current impulse justdescribed, in addition to sending a printing signal to the line, alsoperforms an important part in the nonrepeat and key release actions. Thelocal current pulse thru winding I46 of non-repeat rclay I40, togetherwith the part of the pulse flowing thru the high impedance winding I41,operates non-repeat relay I40, thus opening contacts I44--I45, andclosing contacts I44-I43, and I42--I4I. Opening contacts I44I45 cuts offthe winding I46. Closing contacts I44-I43 connects one terminal of thekey release solenoid I52 to the key switch bus I38 and to winding I41.Closing contacts I42I4I connects the zero bus I3I to the upper spring ofthe auxiliary switch and thru its contacts places zero potential on thekey switch bus I38. Any connected segment, except the synchronizingsegment, is therefore likewise placed at zero potential and no moreprinting signals can be sent to the line. This constitutes thenon-repeat feature.
Closing contacts I42-I4I also completes a circuit from negative bus viacontacts I4I-I42, via contacts of the auxiliary switch, thru winding I41and reading condenser I48 via contacts 8-1 to positive bus. Current thruthis circuit re-energizes non-repeat relay I40 and supplies'holdingcurrent therefor. A second circuit is completed from positive bus viacontacts 8-1 thru the winding of the key release solenoid I52, thrureading condenser I18 via contacts I43--I44, via auxiliary switch.contacts, via contacts I42- IM to zero bus. A current pulse thru thiscircuit energizes the key release solenoid I 52, whose plunger pulls thekey latch I5I away from the key levers by means of the extension I82 asshown.
If the finger is removed from the freed key, the key lever is drawn upby its retractile spring and the springs of the auxiliary switch I54lift the push rod I55 and open the contacts.
Opening these contacts breaks the circuit to zero bus via contactsI42-I4I, and takes the holding current from the non-repeat relay I40 andkey release solenoid I52, which thereupon release. Zero potential isalso removed from the key switch bus I38 and any connected segment. Whenthe key release solenoid I52 releases, the key latch I5I is returned toan engageable position by the retractile spring I83. When the nonrepeatI40 releases, contacts I4I-I43 and 143- I44 are opened, and contactsI44--I45 are closed, restoring initial conditions.
It is to be noted the non-repeat relay I40 and key release solenoid I52are not released until the contacts of auxiliary switch I54 are allowedto open. Consequently, should a key be deliberately held down, repeatsignals are not permitted to be sent to the line, and the key latch isheld out of engagement until the key is released. The result is thatonly one signal can be sent to the line for each depression of a key,and the time key is held down is of no consequence as regards theoperation of the apparatus nor as regards the accuracy of transmission,In normal operation the keys are depressed and released quickly by theoperator, and are released by the key-release solenoid practicallyinstantaneously when the printing signal is sent to the line.
Key interlock It will be apparent from the foregoing description ofsending operations, that a variable interval intervenes between theclosing of a key switch and the collection of the impulse from theconnected segment by the distributor brush. This interval depends on thespeed at which the distributor rotates and the angular travel of thebrush arm inorder to reach the connected segment, the interval beingalways less than the time of one revolution.
.It is manifest that if two keys were pressed simultaneously, or almostsimultaneously, the distributor would send out a printing signal fromthe first connected segment, whether or not this was the proper orderfor transmission. To eliminate errors of this kind; a key interlock isprovided which permits only one key at a time to be depressed. Whilevarious forms of interlock have been devised and employed, the preferredform is shown in Figs. 22 and 23. This form of interlock is well known,and its operation being familiar to those current with the art, detaileddescription is not required.
The principal parts of the interlock are the comb 235, the roller race234, and the rollers 236, one for each key lever plus one. Each keylever is located in an individual slot in the comb 235 as shown. Thediameter of the rollers is exactly equal o the key space centers, andthe space between all the rollers combined is slightly greater than thethickness of a key lever I56. As indicated in Fig. 22, when one keylever is depressed, the slots for all the rest of the key levers areblocked.
Dual space segment arrangement With a single impulse system as hereindescribed, the duration of the signal impulse is determined by thenumber of segments on the distributor and the speed of rotation of thedistributor arm.
There is a practical lower limit to the duration of the signal impulse,since the shorter the impulse, the higher the required frequencycharacteristics of the transmission system connecting the sending andreceiving stations. As is well known, all communication systems havedefinite limits as to frequency characteristics, the limits beingparticularly restricted on telegraph cable circuits. One of thelimitations on the speed of operation of printing telegraph systems istherefore the length of the signal impulses and the number of segmentson the distributor and the speed of rotation of the distributor arm aresubject to this and other limitations.
One of the features of the present invention is the means by which thenumber of words transmitted in a given time is increased without amaterial shortening of the signal impulse. An average word intelegraphic practice consists of five letters and a space, and the speedof transmission is rated on the basis of the number of equivalentaverage words sent per minute. On the average, since a space occurs forevery five letters, one sixth of the signals are space signals. In thepresent invention, means are provided whereby the average time requiredto collect and transmit a space signal is approximately 2 one half. thatrequired to collect and transmit other printing signals. The means is toprovide two segments for the space signal located approximatelydiametrically opposite on the distributor. These segments are connectedin parallel, and either one can transmit or receive a space signal. Thearrangement is indicated by the connection of segments 8 and 38 in Fig.1A. Thus, when the space bar is depressed, the distributor arm on theaverage moves only one quarter revolution until the signal is collected;for other signals an average movement of one half a revolution isrequired. As an example of the advantage of this improvement, assumethat the distributor arm makes 4 revolutions per second. The theoreticalaverage speed of transmission, using only one space segment, would be:
words per minute. Using the dual space segment arrangement, thetheoretical average speed would be:
words per minute (approx.).
Sine wave impulse feature divider 24a and in series with section 241),to-.
gether with wave shaping arrangements and proper design of the circuitconstants of inductance, resistance, and capacity. In the sendingcircuit connected to segment I for generating synchronizing impulses,the wave shaping arrangement comprising the reading condenser I andshunt resistor I66, and inductance I65, in series therewith, togetherwith the storage condenser I86 and the primary 28 of the outputtransformer 21, co-operate to produce a sine wave impulse in thiscircuit, and virtual sine wave synchronizing signals are sent to theline. In
.the printing signal circuits, the storage condenser I86, the readingcondenser I48, windings I46 and I4! of non-repeat relay I40, and theprimary 28 co-operate to produce sine wave impulses in these circuits.
Receiving circuits and operations Synchronism having been established aspreviously described, and the brush arms at the receiving and sendingstations being in unison, printing signals may be sent to the receivingstation as described in connection with sending operations.
Referring to Fig. 3, the printing signals when received are impressed onthe primary 33 of the input transformer 32, and potential variationsfrom the secondary 34 cause a drop across resistor 35 opposing thenegative bias on grid I33 which on becoming sufiiciently positivetriggers off the electronic relay I32, which becomes conducting. Acircuit is thus completed from zero bus I3I thru center tap I35, andwinding I31,
from cathode I34 to anode I35, via contacts I13-I14 thru winding I1I,via contacts I94-I95, via contacts 32 to ring, viabrush arm I3 to theparticular segment with which the brushes of distributor arm I3 are incontact.
I segment, of which segment 5 may be considered as an example, thecircuit continues via the middle and upper contacts of key switch I51 towinding I59 of key magnet I58 to key magnet bus I39, thence via contacts8-9 to positive bus 25. The pulse thru this circuit energizes cut-offrelay I10 and key magnet I58, whose plunger is attracted, stretchingspring link I84 which pulls down the key lever to which it is attached.The key lever trips the typewriter mechanism (not shown) and thecharacter is printed. As the key lever nears the end of its downwardtravel,'the push rod. I50 breaks the middle and upper key switchcontacts. Owing to the inductance of the key magnet, the inertia of theplunger and the key lever, and the action of the springlink I84, thebreaking of the key switch contacts is retarded and the circuit isactually broken by the opening of the contacts I13-I14 by the cut-offrelay I10. The length of the printing impulses and the synchronizingimpulses is thus determined by the setting of the cut-off relay I10, andthis relay is in practice adjusted to cut-off shortly before thetermination of, the line signal.
From this i In this way, the circuit is normally broken at g contactsI13-I14, which may be provided with a spark suppressor arrangement tosuppress sparking at these contacts. With perfect unison, the circuit isbroken before the brushes leave the connected segment, hence sparking atthe distributor is minimized, such sparking as occurs being principallydue to the inductive energy in the key magnet. The sparking at thecontacts of the key switches is negligible.
It is to be observed that when receiving printing signals, the keymagnet energized is that which is connected to the segment beingcontacted by brush arm I3. When the brush'arms at the sending andreceiving stations are in unison, the key magnet selected at thereceiving station will correspond with the key switch-closed at thereceiving station. Accuracy in selection thus depends on close unison ofthe brush arms, and cutting off the printing impulse before the brusharm at the receiving station has carried over into contact with theadjacent segment. The corrector magnet provides the required closeunison, and the cut-oil relay terminates the impulses, bothsynchronizing and printing, after a definite interval. The cut-ofi relaythus enables the printer mechanism to clear one operation before asucceeding operation is initiated. The line retardation and ionizingtime of the elec tronic relay are not material factors with the presentinvention, since the synchronizing signals are subject to the same delayas are the printing signals, and the corrector magnet automaticallycompensates for this delay. Likewise,
any instrumental delays from line relays, etc.
interposed in the transmission system are automatically compensated for.
While for illustrative purposes, the sending and receiving stations arerepresented as being connected by a transmission line consisting. of oneimportant factor in its ready adaptation to various forms ofcommunication circuits.
circuits separated from the other circuits, the
apparatus receiving the calling signals from the line include theartificial line A. 'L., and the primary 33 of the input transformer 32..The apparatus for utilizing the calling signals comprise the secondary34 of the input transformer, the glow lamp 202, the electronic relayI32, the cut-out relay I10, the send-receive switch I90, and thecallbell 20I. The send-receive switch I controls the calling circuit.When the sendreceive switch is in either the typing or sendingpositions, the call bell is connected in the calling circuit; when thesendareceive switch is in the receiving position, the call bell isdisconnected.
Assume that the send-receive switch at the receiving station is in thetyping position and that the machine is being used for typing purposes.To call, the sending station throws the sendreceive' switch to the Sposition and sends synchronizing signals to the line as described undersynchronization. From terminals 30--3I of the receiving station, thesignals traverse the circuit from terminal 30 thru primary 33 thruartificial. line A L. to terminal 3|. Some current flows thru secondary29, but the primary 2B is open, and this current is inefiective. Thesignal ing I1,I of cut-01f relay I10, via contacts I94-I93 thru windingof the call bell20l to positive bus 25. Current flowing in this circuitenergizes the" call bell, and also cut-off relay I10, which oper atesand breaks the circuit in the usual way. I
This action is repeated as each synchronizing impulse is received. Sincethe cut-oil relay opens the circuit after each pulse, the interrupter inthe bell can be dispensed with.
To stop the bell, the send-receive switch is thrown to the receiveposition which opens the calling circuit, and establishes the receivingcircuit as shown in Fig. 3. The receiving distributor is thensynchronized, as previously described, and transmission begins.
The second calling situation is that existing when a station is sendingand the receiving station wishes for some reason to call back. This isthe so called break-in call. Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, the circuitconditions at the sending station are shown in Fig. 2, those at thereceiving station in Fig. 3. To make the breakin signal, the receivingstation throws the sendreceive switch to the send position, changing itscircuit conditions to those shown in Fig. 2, and synchronizing signalsare immediately sent to the line in the reverse direction, i. e. fromreceiving station to sending station. The calling circuit at the sendingstation is in the condition shown in Fig.- 4, the send-receive switchbeing in the position shown by dotted lines. Due to the duplexarrangement of the transformers, previously described, the receivedsynchronizing signals actuate the electronic relay I32, and-the callbell is energized as previously described. Due to the going signals donot actuate the electronic relay.
Without further analysis, it will be evident that a called station canacknowledge the call,and signal ready, by throwing the send-receiveswitch momentarily to' the send position in answering a call, and beforemoving to the receive position. The calling station is thus informed ofthe readiness of the called station, and can start sending withoutdelay. I
In the foregoing, the call signal device was described as a bell. It isobvious, however, that any of the usual audible or visual signallingdevices, such as buzzers, gongs, annunciators, lamps, etc. can beemployed, the power in the calling circuit being adequate for operatingsuch devices and such variations are included within the scope of theinvention as defined by the generic claims. I
It will be observed that in the foregoing de scription of the callingsystem, two way communication circuits were assumed. When one waycircuits, such as radio circuits, are employed, break-in and call-backsignals are not usually feasible and the usual calling conventions forone way circuits must be observed;
It is further to be observed that with the calling system described, itis not necessary that the distributor motor be turned on, but that powermust be supplied to the electronic relay. To receive a calling signalwithout having, power on the electronic relay, a smallneon glow lamp 202is connected into the calling circuit at some convenie'ntpoint, as forexample across the sec ondary 35 as indicated in Fig. 4.
It will be perceived that I have provided a simple and flexible callingsystem which is very economical in cost, and which possesses numerousadvantages.
The electronic relay The electronic relay I32 may be of the hotcathodetype, as shown, or of the cold cathode type, in which case the cathodeheating transformer I3! is not required. As is well known, the gridpotentials sufiicing to ionize electronic relays is comparatively low,and they are therefore susceptible to stray potentials, inductiveeffects, etc. and for best results, measures to insure stability inoperation are desirable. In the present invention, stabilizing measureswhich have been found eifective comprise the grid current limitingresistor 203, the grid to cathode by-pass condenser 204, and-the gridpotential stabilizer arrangement consisting of the ballast condenser 205and the ballast resistor 206.
The function of the current limiting resistor 203-is to limit the gridcurrent to moderate amounts during the periods when the grid ispositive. It is preferably of a comparatively high value, values of50,000 to 500,000 ohms giving good results. The function of the grid tocathode by-pass condenser 204 is to by-pass high frequency andinductivepotentials, preventing ionization of the relay from these effects. Thiscondenser may be of comparatively small size, capacities of the order of.0025 mid. having been found to give good results.
The function of the ballast condenser 205 and ballast resistor 206 is topreserve uniform bias potentials on the grid I33. When local impulsesoccur, part of the charge on. storage condenser I86 is lost, and currentflowing thru bias reslstor 24b to replenish the charge on condenser i88causes a momentary variation in drop across balancing effect of theartificial line, the out- 2417. The potential across ballast condenser205, and consequently the grid bias potential, remain almost constantduring such variations, since because of ballast resistor 206, anychange in the charge on condenser 205 is retarded. The time constant ofthe combination of condenser 205 and resistor 206 is proportional to theproduct of their values, hence a wide range of values is possible. Thearrangement permits an electronic relay to be operated from a voltagedivider of momentarily fluctuating voltage with practically the samestability as is obtained with a battery to supply bias to the grid ofthe relay.
The rotary distributor and phase corrector In Figs. and 6, which show indetail the rotary distributor and corrector magnet assemblies, therotary distributor is seen to consist of a hub 31, with diametrallypositioned contactor arm 38 and corrector arm 39 mounted in cross holes4-0 therein by suitable holding means such as set screws 4|. On thecontactor arm 38 is mounted a link 42 of insulating material by means ofscrew 43, extending axially into the outer end of contactor arm 38. Onthe projecting end of link 42 is mounted the brush arm l3 by means of ascrew 44, extending axially into arm 13. The outer end of the arm I3 iscut into half-cylindrical section, and on the cut section is mounted thehalf-cylindrical brush clamp 45. Between the fiat surfaces of arm I3 andclamp 45 are clamped two flexible metallic brushes 40 by means of ascrew 41. The outer endsof the brushes 46 slope rearwardly and contactthe segments H and ring l2 with a light pressure; The brushes areconveniently made of copper braid, bundles of small copper wires, orsilver strips, as iscommonly practiced in the telegraphic art. 7
The corrector arm 39 carries at its outer end the corrector bar 49 ofmagnetic material, preferably a metal or alloy of low magneticpermeability such as soft pure iron, or magnetic nickel alloy. Thecorrector bar may have a variety of shapes, the preferred shape beingshown in Figs. 6 and 7. The corrector bar should be rigidly mounted onthe corrector arm, and is so mounted conveniently by positioning in aslot cut in the end of the corrector arm, and secured therein by one ormore screws 48 (one being shown) as clearly indicated. In the preferredform, the location and length of the cor rector'bar 49 is such that onrotation of the distributor hub, the corrector bar passes end-wisebetween the pole pieces 50 with a small air-gap at each end. The air-gapwhich has been found preferable is of the order of .025 inch.
The corrector magnet 36 is preferably mounted on a bracket 52,adjustable in an are by means of curved slots 53 and screws 54, so thatthe poles 50 of the corrector magnet 36 may be adjustable sidewiseconcentrically with the drive shaft 55. By this adjustment, thecorrector magnet 36 may be moved in relation to the synchronizingsegment I. will be evident when it is considered that a small intervalof time is required for the flux in the corrector magnet 38 to build upin response to the synchronizing current impulses, this interval in partdepending upon the inductance in the corrector magnet circuit. Duringthis small inter val, the distributor arm moves in the direction ofrotation, hence the corrector magnet for proper action should bedisplaced angularly in the same direction by a slight amount in excessThe need for this adjustment of the mechanical angle of 180 representedby the axis of the corrector arm and the line of contact of the brushes46. Thebest adjustment of the position oi. the corrector magnet 35 isreadily determined by trial and may thereafter be left fixed.
The best proportions for the faces of the poles of the corrector magnet,and for the corrector bar, may be in part determined by analysis, butrefinement in the design of these parts is most readily obtained byexperiment. The result desired is that the corrector bar should passbetween the poles of the corrector magnet without material retardationor acceleration when the distributor arm is in perfectsynchronism withthat of the sending station, but shall be subject to corrective actionwhen the synchronous relation is departed from.
Figs. 8 and 9 show a modification of the corrector bar-corrector magnetarrangement, in which the corrector bar 49 passes in front of the poles50 of the corrector magnet 36. The poles 50 are in this case narrowed atthe face nearest the corrector bar to substantially the width of thecorrector bar, as shown. On analysis, it will be evident that as thecorrector bar approaches ordeparts from the .poles 50, a tangentialmagnetic pull will be exerted. The correcting action will therefore bethe same as for the forms shown in Figs.6 and 7. The strong radial pull,however, requires increased rigidity for the drive shaft, to resist thisunbalanced pull. This unbalanced radial pull, together with the factthat the corrector bar 49 of the form shown in Figs. 8 and 9 is for thesame magnetic emciency heavier than that shown in Figs. 6 and 7represent comparative disadvantages for the first named type.
Another possible modification of the form of the corrector bar andcorrector magnet poles is shown in Figs. 10 and 11. Since thismodification represents a combination of those previously discussed, itsaction is'manifest and further dis cussion is unnecessary.
Various other combinations of pole pieces and corrector bar shapes arepossible, and such variations are included within the scope of theinvention as defined by the generic claims.
Fig. 12 shows a typical tangential magnetic pull-displacement curve. Theordinates represent, in arbitrary units, the tangential component of themagnetic attraction of the poles 50 on the corrector bar 49 shown inFigs. 6 and '7. The abscissae represent the displacement of the verticalmedian plane of the corrector bar from the median plane of the correctormagnet poles. The arrows within the diagramindicate that the pull istowards the median plane of the corrector magnet. From this curve it isevident that a tangential force tends to hold the corrector bar inalignment with the corrector magnet poles. Assuming the corrector magnetto be energized by uniform direct current, this force depends on theamount of the displacement of the corrector bar from the median plane ofthe corrector'poles,
and clearly indicates the nature of the corrective action of the.corrector magnet. "The curve shown is a static curve at a particularvalue of current. Other values of current produce a family of curves ofthe same general form. when the corrector bar is passed rapidly betweenthe poles, some distortion of the curve doubtless occurs. Also, thesynchronizing current impulse is of a general sine-wave form, causing arise and fall in the magnetizing force of the magnet. Practicalexperience indicates, however, that the curve shown in Fig. 12represents substantially the corrective action of the corrector magneton the corrector bar to maintain the latter in unison with the sendingdistributor arm.
Referring to Fig. 6 which shows details of the drive-shaft'hub assembly,the hub 31. preferably made of a light metal such as aluminum, has acylindrical axial bore 56 fitted to give a free turning fit on the driveshaft 55. A drive collar 51 is fixed on the drive shaft 55 by suitableadjustment means such as the set screw 58. To the periphery of thecollar 51 is cemented or vulcanized a rubber roll 59. Next is placedover the drive shaft a washer 6|, preferably of steel. Upon this washerrests the hub collar 62, to which is cemented or vulcanized the rubberroll 63. The hub collar 62 has an upwardly extending annular sectionwhich extends into a counter-bored cylindrical cavity in the lower endof the hub 31, and is adjustably secured therein by any preferred means,as by the set screw 64. Assembled on the hub collar 62 next to the hubis the stop flange 65, being secured thereto by welding or otherpreferred means. The stop flange is extended radially at one point onits periphery to form an ear 66 as shown. The purpose of thisconstruction is to permit of ready angular adjustment'of the ear 65 onthe stop flange 65 in relation to the distributor arm to enable propersetting of the rest position of the brushes 46 to be made.
To the top of the-hub 31 is demountably assembled the friction cup 61,held from rotating by a sliding pin and hole arrangement (not the boreof the hub to the friction washer iii to provide lubrication of theseparts. The friction nut is adjusted until the distributor arm is drivenwith little if any slip. The arrangement shown permits of an easilyadjustable, smooth acting friction drive for the distributor arm whichis found to stay in adjustment for extended periods.
The clutch mechanism Referring'to Figs. 13, 14, 15 which show-the Theupper portion of the friction cup assembly of mechanism by whichsynchronism is established, adjacent to the rolls 59 and 63 and withaxis parallel with the shaft 55 is rotatably mounted the double cam 12located so as to engage circurnferentially the rolls 59 and 63. The cam12 rotates on the spindle 13 mounted perpendicularly on plate 14 byriveting. Underneath the cam 12', slidably mounted on plate 14, is thecam detent 15. The cam detent 15 pivots at one end on the pivot pin 16.In the middle section of the cam detent is a curved slot 11, throughwhich extends the stud screw 18. This tween the slot 11 and the pin 18,is located a small hole 83, thru which is assembled the crank-shaped endof the operating link 94. The other end of link 84 is threaded and to itis assembled the adjustable clevis 85. The clevis is assembled to thearmature l8 of the release relay l5 by a pin 88.
The cam 12 is provided with a projecting upper stop 81, located on thetop surface, and diametri-s cally opposite the lower stop 82. This upperstop 81 is engageable by the the ear 55 of the stop flange 65 in oneposition of the cam 12. The diameter of the cam 12 is reduced at themiddle by the groove (see Fig. 16). Extending into and across the groove98 is the accelerating spring 9| which bears near its outer end againstthe accelerating pin 92, as shown. The accelerating spring 9| is loopedin several turns around a pin 93 rigidly mounted in the plate 14. Thefixed end 94 of the accelerating spring 9| bears against the pivot pin16. The accelerating pin is so formed that when assembled as shown, thefree end bears with moderate pressure against the accelerating pin 92.
The circumference of the double cam is serrated with a straight knurlexcept over an arc of approximately 90 in the region of the upper stop81, where the radius is reduced and the cam edges are left smooth. Thisare of the cam clears the rolls 59 and 88 when adjacent thereto.
The operation of the clutch mechanism is as follows: When the parts ofthe mechanism are in the position shown in Fig. 13, the short pawl 80engages the lower stop 82, stopping thedouble cam in such position thatthe upper stop 81 is virtually on the line of centers of the rolls 58'and 63 and the double cam 12. In this position the smooth edge of thecam is adjacent the rolls 59 and 63, providing clearance therebetween.The hub 31 can therefore continue rotation until the ear 66 engages theupper stop. 81, which stops the motion of the hub and the brush arm I3is stopped in the rest position on segment 8 as shown in Fig. 5. Sincethe hub 81 is frictionally driven, the drive shaft 55 and the roll 59continue in rotation.
Assuming now that the release relay I5 is energized, the armature 8pulls the link 84 which in turn draws the cam detent 15 away from thecam. The short pawl 88 is thus pulled out of engagement with the lowerstop 82, releasing the cam 12. The, detent 15 is drawn to the positionshown in Fig. 14. The accelerating spring 9| by exerting force on theaccelerating pin 82 causes the cam 12 to rotate quickly in acounterclockwise direction. This rotation of the cam 12 brings itsserrated edges into engagement simultaneously with rolls 59 and 88.Since roll 59 is secured to the drive collar 51, and roll 58 to the hubcollar'62, when the cam serrations grip the rubber rolls 59 and 68, thehub 81 is virtually locked to the drive shaft. It is to be noted thatthis is not a friction clutch, since the serrated cam edges mesh withthe rolls 59 and 88 without slipping and as tho geared thereto.
The cam 12 is rotated by reason of being engaged by roll 59, and theupper stop 81 is rotated away from the ear 88, removing these membersfrom engagement. The cam' 12 continues to rotate until it reaches theposition shown in Fig. 14, when the lower stop 82 comes into engagementwith the long pawl 8|, stopping the cm. In this position the smooth arcis adjacent the rolls 59 and 88 and the hub 81 is freely driven by thefriction drive previously described. The ear 88 passes clear of theupper stop 81 as shown in Fig. 14.
Should the release relay I5 become deenergized, the armature I8 ispushed back by spring l1, and link 84 pushes the detent 15 back into theposition shown in Fig. 13, disengaging pawl 8| and lower stop 82. Theaccelerating spring 9|, which has been placed in tension on theaccelerating pin 92 by the rotation of cam 12, now rotates cam 12 thru ashort are, bringing cam 12 in the position shown in Fig. 13. When theear 66 arrives at the upper stop 81, the hub is stopped and conditionsare restored as at the beginning of the cycle described above.
It is to be observed that the mechanism just described provides adefinite, but adjustable, stop or rest position for the brush arm i8;that on operation of the release relay l5 the driving shaft 55 and hub81 are quickly clutched together in a positive manner to bring the hub81 up to the speed of the drive shaft; that the positive action of agear clutch is obtained without the difllculty of possible clashing ofgears if engaged in the wrong position; and that the clutch action iscontrolled with the application of but little force on the part of theclutch release magnet. The accelerating spring 9| minimizes the intervalrequired for the clutch to act after the release relay is energized.
It is obviously possible to eliminate the clutch mechanism and cause thelink 88 to engage and stop the car 56 without the intervention ofadditional mechanism. The frictional torque of the friction drive is,however, restricted to a small amount, otherwise the pull of thecorrector magnet 36 will be insufhcient to overcome the frictionaltorque. The proper frictional torque for good correcting action isincapable of acceleratreliably come into position between the poles 58when the hub is accelerated solely by the normal frictional .drivingtorque. Theobiect of the clutch mechanism is therefore to establishsynchronism in a single revolution in a certain and reliable manner.
The release relay Referring to Figs. 13 and 17, which show the releaserelay l5 and associated parts of the circuit, comprising part of thepresent invention, the relay proper is of a well known type, commonlyreferred to as a telephone relay. On the core I! is assembled a lowresistance coil 28 of a comparatively few turns concentrated at thearmature end of the core. Next in order is a high resistance winding 2|of several thousand turns, occupying the central part of the corelength. At the heel end of the core is assembled a concentric sleeve orslug" of copper 28. The,
coils 28 and 2| are wound in the same direction and the adjacentterminals of the windings are wound slow releasing relay. when suppliedwith a pulse of suflicient magnitude and of considerable duration, suchrelays normally operate in from .004 to .006 second, and release in from.08 to .28 second after being fully energized. In high speed printingtelegraphs, however, the signal impulses are of very short duration, thecomplete pulse interval being of the order of .003 to .005 second. Arelay of the usual type designed to have a release time of .25 to .30second, i. e. the time required for the distributor arm to make onerevolution, plus a margin, will not respond to impulses of shortduration, for the reason that the copper slug required to produce suchdelay in release time is of comparatively large size, and prevents byits reaction the storing of the required amount of magnetic energy inthe magnetic structure of the relay. To overcome this difllculty, whichis inherent with this type of relay, a storing condenser 22 is connectedin shunt across the terminals of the high resistance winding 2|. Thiscondenser should normally be of considerable capacity, values of from 2to 16 microfarads, depending on the release time desired, having beenfound to give good results. With this condenser added to thecombination, the operation of the release relay I5 in response tocurrent impulses of short duration is as follows: When the synchronizingpulse is applied to the circuit shown in Fig. 17, a rush of currentflows thru the low resistance coil 20 into the storing condenser 22,which because of its large capacity offers comparatively littleimpedance to such rush of current, particularly at the beginning. Thisrush of current thru coil 20 magnetizes the core I0 at the armature endand attracts the armature I6. The reaction of the high resistance coil2| and the slug 23 are ineffective to prevent the coil 20 frommagnetizing the armature end of the core I5, because of their remotenessfrom this section of the core, and because of the high inductance of thecoil 2I.' Thev counter E. M. F.
generated by transformer action in coil 2| by the current in coil 20does not oppose the current in coil 20, but is utilizedto aid incharging co ndenser 22. The maximum energy is thus stored in the chargeof condenser 22. On the decay of the pulse current, this energy,combined with that stored in the coil 2| and the slug 23, operatetomaintaln the magnetic flux in the core, in accordance with Lenzs law.The armature is thus held firmly to the core during the decay of thepulse and thereafter. The release time is controlled by the amount ofcharge on the condenser 22 and the time required for the current thrucoil 2|, due to this charge, to decay until the holding current in thecoil 2| drops below minimum value. The variable resistor I9, located inthe circuit as shown in Fig. 17, provides a convenient means foradjusting electrically the release time of the relay without thenecessity of change in design, or mechanical adjustment of the relay. Itis to be noted that the location of resistor I9 in the circuit is suchas not to interfere with the operating pulse, but acts only to retardthe discharge of condenser 22 thru the coil 2|. Where such adjustment ofthe release time is not required, the resistor 22 may be omitted withoutdetriment, provided the resistance required to produce the release timedesired is incorporated in the coil 2|.
It is to be noted that the role of the slug 23 is materially diiferentin the present invention from that played in the types of slow releaserelays heretofore known. In such prior types,
the release time is mainly dependent on the energy induced in the slug(stored in the form of circulating current) by change in the magneticflux in the core I5. In the present invention, the release time iscontrolled almost exclusively by the charge on the condenser 22 and thecharacteristics of the coil 2|, any contribution from the slug beinginconsequential. For certain values of capacity of the condenser 22 andof inductance and resistance of the coil 2|, an oscillatory discharge ofenergy between the condenser 22 and coil 2| may occur. For othercombinations, a reversal of flux may occur when the circuit includingthe windings of the release relay is broken. In such instances the relaymay release the armature I6 momentarily, causing an unwanted drop out.The slug 23, by its damping action, opposes sudden magnetic changes, andcauses the relay to hold without chatter or release during transientconditions in the circuit. The damping action of the slug 23 is ofimportance in cases where the relay tends to chatter or drop outmomentarily. In cases where such tendencies do not exist, the slug 23may be dispensed with.
The relay described is capable of quick operation when supplied withimpulses of short duration; of holding firmly over periods of as much asa second after the energizing current has been cut oil; and of beingre-energized by short current pulses recurring periodically. It isfurther characterized by the principle of storing the energy for holdingthe relay in an operated condition in an associated condenser, whichcondenser is charged partly by the pulse current and partly by energygenerated in the holding winding by transformer action from the operat-The motor governor Referring to Figs. 18 to 21 inclusive, the motorgovernor I00, which is of the electrical type,
consists of a disc IOI of insulating material, mounted on a hub I02,which in turn is mounted on the motor shaft I03 by set screw I04. On theperiphery of the disc IOI are mounted two slip rings, I04 and I05, bywhich means current is led to the governor. The contact bracket IIII isheld in place by two screws IIO which pass thru the disc IOI andterminate in slipring I04 making electrical contact therewith. In theupturned portion of the bracket IN is threaded the adjustable contactscrew III having at the end a contact I I2.
The governor bracket I00 mounts the kinetic members, namely the tongueH3 and the governor spring II 4. The tongue H3 is of specialconstruction, consisting of a flexible strip H5, and a bi-metal stripIIG secured together by rivets III, as shown (see Fig. 20). As is wellknown, bi-metal consists of sheets of two metals of dissimilarco-eflicients of expansion, usually welded together to form onelaminated sheet or strip. It has the property of exhibiting curvaturewhen heated, the degree of such curvature being to a certain extentproportional to the change in temperature from the particulartemperature at which the bi-metal is flat or straight. Metals commonlyused in producing bi-metal are brass and steel, and brass and Monelmetal.
At the outer end of the bi-metal strip I I5 is mounted the movablecontact I I8, positioned to lie fiat against the stationary contact II2when governor bracket their surfaces are in contact. The tongue H3 isconveniently mounted on support 128 by means of a screw i221 and clampE22. lhe support E26 is part of the governor bracket I88. Near themiddle of the tongue is a hole into which is inserted the swivel pini133, having a hole into which is threaded one looped end of thegovernor spring H5. The governor bracket I08 is mounted on the disc idlby two screws H9 at one end, which screws terminate in the slip ringmaking electrical contact therewith. The contact bracket and thegovernor bracket WE are insulated electrically, except when the contactsH2 and iii are closed. A portion of the upturned to form the supporti225 upon which is mounted the flexible adjusting lever The free end ofthe adjusting lever is turned inwardly and is perforated by a small holeinto which is threaded a looped end of the spring EM as shown. Betweenthe bent portion of the'adjusting lever I and the support the adjustinglever is pierced by a hole, thru which is assembled the micrometeradjusting screw 52%, screwed into the support member i2l.
The operation of the governor is as follows: Assume that the governor isrotating in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 18. At aparticular speed, the centrifugal force on the tongue M3 will exceed thespring tension in the 1 spring H4, and the contacts I I2-II8 will open.When these contacts open, the resistance R2 is inserted in series withthe motor as shown in Fig. 21. The motor is thereby slowed down, causingthe contacts to close, again speeding up the motor. This process isrepeated many times a second, the motor not reaching a stable speed, butvarying minutely above and below the speed at which the contacts open.This type of governor is well known, and it is to be observed that boththe inertia of and centrifugal force on the tongue H3 contribute to theregulating action. It has therefore been called a centrifugal-inertiagovernor. It is characterized by its sensitivity and accuracy ofregulation.
The novel features of the present invention reside in the means fortemperature compensation and for minor speed adjustment. It is evidentthat the tension in the spring Ill determines the speed to which themotor is regulated.
An increase in the temperature of spring Ill results in a slightdecrease in its tension, lowering slightly the regulated speed of themotor. This efiect is compensated for in two ways. The governor bracketI08 is held in position at one end by screws H9, the other end beingfree to move endwise only. The tensloning lever I25 and the adjustingscrew I26 are mounted at the free end of the governor bracket I 88. Asthe temperature of the governor increases, the governor bracket I08 isextended endwise by thermal expansion, stretching to a slight extent thespring H4, thereby increasing its tension and compensating in part forthe decrease in tension due to temperature. The compensation gained bythis means is limited, however, by the thermal expansion of the materialof the governor bracket along its length, and since the length of wirein the spring is much greater than the length of the governor bracket,compensation over a considerable range of temperature is not readilyaccomplished by this means alone. The second temperature compensationmeans is provided by the bi-metal strip H6 forming part of the tongueH3. As shown in Fig. 20, in exaggerated form,
when the temperature of the bi-metal strip II 8 is increased, it curvesconvexly outward. Due to this curvature, the tension of spring H4 is increased with increase of temperature, compensating for its normal lossof tension with increase of temperature. By using proper bi-metalcombinations and proportions of parts, determinable by well understoodmethods, thermal compensation of the governor may be accomplished over aconsiderable range of temperature.
With this improvement, the type of governor shown will regulate thespeed of the motor with a high degree of precision under variousconditions of temperature.
Minor speed adjustments It would appear that the resistance R2, commonlycalled the gap resistance, if sufiiciently large to slow the motor downto the speed set by the governor, would have little effect on the speedset by the governor. Such is the case, but a minor change in speed doesresult from a comparatively large change in the value of the resistanceR2. According to the present invention, this effect is utilized toaccomplish minor adjustment of the motor speed, without mechanicaladjustment of the governor, the value of R2 being variable for thatpurpose.
It is to be noted that changing the value of the gap resistance R2 isnot equivalent to introducing a similar resistance into other parts ofthe motor circuit. Resistance placed in series with the motor, forexample, has the same efiect as a change of load, and is counteracted bythe governor. The effect of such series resistance is also to impair therange of regulation of the governor. A relatively large change in thegap resistance R2 does not limit to any material extent the range ofregulation of the governor, but does produce a minor change in the speedset by the governor.
In printing telegraph systems, it is sometimes desirable to cause thesending instrument to run slower by a constant amount than does therecelvlng instrument, or vice versa. In the present invention a changein the gap resistance is utilized to effect the desired constant speeddiflerence. For this purpose, a resistance RI is placed in series withthe variable gap resistance R2 but is normally short circuited by thecontacts I88 I08. When these contacts are closed, the motor speed isregulated by the governor gap resistance R2 as previously described.When the contacts are open, additional resistance is introduced in thegap, and a minor but constant decrease in speed results. It is obviousthat the same arrangement, considering as normal the speed when contactsIflS-l 08' are open, will produce a minor increase in speed when thecontacts IDS-I08 are closed. The contacts III9.I08 may consist of aswitch, for local operation, or of the contacts of a relay 1 or remotecontrol.
It is thus clear that the present invention provides a novel method oftemperature compensation and minor speed control and adjustment for anelectrical governor. I The improved governor herein described is highlyaccurate, rapid and sensitive in action, self compensating fortemperature changes, adapted to minor speed adjustments without stoppingthe governor or changing its mechanical adjustments, and particularlyadapted to control of incremental speed changes by remote control.
Spring link feature As previously stated, the signal impulses and
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2024-03-22
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1933-05-22
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1938-01-04"
}
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US-302499D-A
|
Jambs knowles
(No Model.)
J.. KNOWLES.
MBGHANIGAL MOVEMENT.
, UNrTnD STATES.
Barnim* Farce.
JAMES KNOVVLES, OF NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO IRVING M. AVERY, OF BROOKLYN,N. Y.
MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.
SPECIFICATION formingipart of Letters Patent No. 302,499, dated July 22,1884.
i Application filed June 5, 1884. (No model.)
1o means whereby the motions of an actuating or feed lever can beregulated and controlled. This I accomplish in the manner and by themeans hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had to theaccompanying draw- I 5 ings, illustrating my invention, in which-Figure'l shows a side view of my invention, partly in section. Fig. 2 isan end view, partly in section.
Similarletters indicate corresponding parts.
I My invention is here shown as applied to a sewing-machine, though ofcourse I do not confine myself to such application, as said improvementmay be applied wherever it is serviceable. l 2 5 The letter A representsthe feed-lever or actuating-lever, having a head, B, which is perforatedfor the passage of the main shaft C, to which shaft C a revolving orrocking or other suitable motion may be communicated. The head B isshown as adapted for the reception of an eccentric, E, by which, on themovement of the shaft C, motion is communicated to the feed-lever A. Thefeed-lever A is shown in the drawings as connected to a connecting 3 5lever or link, J, pivoted both horizontally as well as vertically to thebed-plate L, and which link J, in the example shown, communicates motionto a feed-dog, K, of a sewingmachine. In order to regulate the motion of4o the feed-lever A, the fulcrurn P of said lever is mounted on a block,N, which is adjustable in the slot m of the standard R, and can be heldat any point by a set-screw, O. By moving the block N nearer to the headB, the horizontal throw of that end of the leverA farthest from theshaft O will be increased, while by moving said block N farther from thehead B said horizontal throw is decreased, producing in the example inthe drawings a corresponding increase or decrease in the horizontalmotion or feed of the feed-dog K. The cam E also imparts a rising andfalling oravertical motion to the head B and lever A, thus causing inthe example in the drawings the feed-dog K -to rise above the base-plateL While said feed-dog is moving forward or feedthe feed-plate L whenmoving back or recovering its original position. To make the feeddog Krise higher or `lower above the baseplate L, it is only necessary toplace the adjustable link F on the lever Alower or higher on thefeed-lever A and secure it in such p0- sition by a set-screw, H, whenthe desired result will be attained. Ihelink F, in addition to beingvertically adjustable on the lever A, can also be turned or swiveled onsaid lever, so as to carry the end of the link J, connected thereto,farther to one side or theother.
When several movements are placed close together-as, for example, in asewing-machine, where the standard R contains both the feed-lever A asalso the shuttle-driving mechanism-the lever A, as seen in the drawings,must be placed to one side, to make room for the remaining movement ormovements. From this it results that the-link, and with it the feed-dogK, is carried too far to one side, or into such a position that thefeed-dog is likely to drop below the base-plate L before the fullforward or horizontal motion of said feed-dog is completed, thus causingan imperfect feed. rIo compensate for any such errors, I provide theadjustable link F, which, as already explained, can be placed oradjusted upon the feed or actuating lever A in such a position as willbe necessary to secure the result desired, which result in the examplein the drawings is a proper motion of the feed-dog. I may also split orcut the adjustable link F, as seen in Fig, 2, so that when the hollow orreceptacle in said link F for receiving the head of the link J isincreased by the walls or sides of said hollow being worn away, I needonly tighten the screw S, and by drawing together the sections of saidadjustable link F restore said hollow or socket to its original size.
ing, and causing said feed-dog to sink below Of course the device may bemodilied without departing from my invention, since, for example,instead of attaching the adjustable link F to the actuating-lever A andjoining said adjustable link F to the connecting-link J, I may attachsaid adjustable link F to the connecting-link J and join said adjustablelink F with the actuatingleverA, or the adj ustable link F may beconnected with that end of thc connecting-link J which lies neXt to thefeed-dog. Such transposition is obvious, and is within the scope of myinvention.
It will be observed from the foregoing that the adj nstment of the linkF enables the throw of the outer end of the link J to be changed orvaried as occasion may demand, and this can be effected withoutdisturbing or manipulating the movable fulcruni I), for the reason thatthe adjustable link is below the fulcrum.
I do not claim the diagonal cam on the main shaft combined with thepitman having a balland-socket hinge-connection with a lever, as shownin the drawings, as such features are not my invention.
Vhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
l. The combination, with an actuating-lc- Ver, A, and a pivoted link, J,of an adjustable link, F, connecting the lever with the pivoted link,and by its adjustment changing the extent of throw of the outer end ofsaid pivoted link, substantially as described.
2. rIhe combination of an actuating-lever, A, a movable fulcrum, I), apivoted link, J and an adjustable link, F, arranged below the movablefulcrum, and by the adjustment of which the throw of the outer end ofthe pivoted link may be changed without manipulating the movablefulernm, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.
J AMES KNOWLES. [n s] XVitnesses:
W. HAUPT, E. F. KAs'rnNHUnnn.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1884-07-22"
}
|
US-45552930-A
|
Power manicuring device
Oct. 11, 1932. G. LIDSEEN 1,881,737
POWER MANICURING DEVICE Filed May 26. 1950 Patented Oct. 11, 1932 FUETEDSTATES NT OFFICE GUSTAVE LIDSEEN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS POWER mnnrcnninennvxon Application filed May 26, 1930. Serial N 0. 455,529.
This inventionrelates to a power actuated manicuring tool or device.
The invention contemplates a compact casing containing a rotatablemember and means for actuating said member, and a plu- The other end ofthe armature carries a cuticle pusher, and is also connected to amechanism which changes the vibratory motion of the armature into arotary motion which is imparted to anyone of a number of rotary toolswhich may be connected to said mechanism. Acoil is provided forvibrating the armature, said coil being arranged for energizing eitherfrom alternating or direct current without any change in i theconstruction of the device.
It is an object of this invention to provide an electrically operatedmanicuring device which is compact, easy touse, which is operablebyeither director alternating current, which is efficient in use andeconomical to manufacture. 1
.Another object of this invention is to provide amanicuring devicehaving a rotary tool and power means for actuating said tool.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an electricallyoperated manicuring device in which a vibrating arm carries a tool foruse in certainof the operations incidental to manicuring, and at-thesame time functions to drive a mechanism which is conincident tomanicuring.
nected to a rotary the operations. 7 I
It is'also an object of thisinvention to provide a manicuring machine inwhich a plurality of rotatable tools may be used, said tools beingeasily and "quickly interchangeable forperforming the'various operationstoolfor use in other of Other and further important objects ofthis'invention will beapparent from the'disclosures in'the accompanyingdrawing and the following specification.
The invention (in a preferred form) is illustrated on the drawing andhereinafter more fully described. d
On the drawing:
Figure l is a top plan view of a manicuring device which embodies thefeatures of this invention.
Figure 2 is an end elevational view looking toward the tool end of thedevice shown in Figure 1. r (59 Figure 3 is an end elevationalview-look- I ing at the electrical connection end of the device as shownin Figure 4:.
"Figure 4: is an inverted side elevational VIGWYOf the device showingthe screw for U5 adjusting the tension of the armature.
Figure 5 is an enlarged plan view of the device with the top portion ofthe casing removed, showing the relationship ofthe variousoperativeelements of the device.
Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view ofthe tool end of the device,taken substantially on line VIVI of Figure 5.
Figure 7 is an enlarged fragmental view showing the details of thedouble-pawl ratchet device, taken substantially on line VII VII ofFigure 6. r
On the drawing:
In the illustrated embodiment of this in- I vention, there is shown acasing formed of a 0 top portion 1 and a bottom portion 2 which are heldtogether'in operative relation by bolts 3 and 4. The top and bottomportions of this casing are'formed with depressions 5 and 6respectively, which are in confronting relationship and form an enlargedsection in the container for receiving the marginal portions of anenergizing coil 7 The energizing coil is disposedaround one leg of aU-shaped core 8 and held against a 17 of the screw head bearing againstthe spring 14. It is therefore obvious that by tightening or looseningthe screw 15 the pressure on thespring 14 may be varied to regulate thevibration of'the armature 1.3.
A pole piece 18 is secured to the armature in position to be influencedby the magnetizing forces set up in the core 8 when the coil 7 isenergized. The free end of the armature 13 is bent at anangleto form aportion 19'which projects through an aperture 20 of the casing 2 andcarries at its outer end a rubber tip 21 which serves as a cuticle setorpusher, when the .arm 13 is vibrated. A rubber stopmember 22 which ispositioned near the free end of the armature 13, serves to cushion saidarmature when moved, outwardly bythe spring-14, and also prevents itfrom striking the casing'2.
- Adouble-pawl ratchet mechanism is. provided fortransforming thevibratory motion of 'the'armature 13 into'a rotary motion, stub shaft 23is-secured to an upwardlyoflset portion 24 at one end of. the plate 9,and projects outwardly through an aperture 25 in the top portionl of thecasing. tubular sleeve 26 havingla ratchet wheel 27 secured to oneendthereof is. rotatably mounted upon the stub shaft .23, the ratchet wheelbeing positioned adjacent the inner end of said shaft and the outer endof. the sleeve projecting to the outside of the casing. The sleeve I 26'isprovided with apair of parallel apertures f28 which' penetrate theinner wall of the sleeve and communicate with a'circumfer'ential groove29 formed in the stub shaft 23. -A U-shaped pin having each leg thereofdisposed in one of said apertures prevents the removal of the ratchetwheel'and sleeve fromthe: stub shaft, but permits the same to rotatefreely thereon. Intermittent rotary motion is imparted to the ratchetwheel 27 by'mean's of a pair ofpawls 30 and 31 which are .pivotallymounted between the arms of "a yoke member 32 carried by the armature13,
saidpawls being secured by a U-shaped pin 33 each leg. of which extendsthrough the yoke arm and flange 33 formed at the end 'of'each pawl, Aspring 34 which is also secured to the yoke member is provided'withcurved ends which bear against the pawls 30. and 31 and hold the freeends thereof in engagement with the toothed periphery of the ratchetwheel 27.
The free end of the pawl 30 terminates in a hook 35 which will engagethe toothed periphery of the ratchet wheel and pullthe same in aclockwise direction when the armature 13 moves away from the ratchetwheel.
The pawl 31 is formed so that the free end thereof engages the toothedperiphery of the ratchet wheel 27' and pushes it in a clock' wisedirection when the armature moves toward the ratchet wheel. Since eachpawl is designed so as to slide overthe teeth when the other pawl isfunctioning to advance said ratchet wheel, .it is apparent that, as longas the armature 13 vibrates back and forth, an'intermittent rotarymotionwill be imparted to the ratchet wheel. I
A variety of interchangeable rotary tools is provided for performing thevarious operations required in manicuring. Thesev tools may beprovidedwith filing surfaces, buffing surfaces, and the like asrequired; means being provided for quickly and easily attach ing anydesired tool." To illustrate the con struction and means for attachingthe tools,
a rotary file 36-is shown; The file 36 comprises ;'a disc portion 3'?having cutting grooves 1n the outer surface thereof, and
terminating'in a circumferential flange 38 which-is similarly'groovedupon its outer surface, The central portion of the disc ter-Inmates in a sleeve 39. which fits coaxially over the sleeve 26 and isheld against 'longi- .tudinal movement by an inwardly project- 1ng n1b40. which engages a circumferential groove 41 in the sleeve 26 Thesleeve 39 is also vprovided with a longitudinally extending slot 41 atone end for receiving a pin 42 carried by the'ratchet wheel 27, therebycausing, the sleeve 39 and ratchet wheel to rotate as a unit. The rotarytool is prevented accidentally disengaged from thefsleeve 26 by means ofa guard plate 42 which is pivotally .secured by a from becoming screw 43to the casing 1'. This guard plate is provlded with a depression 44 forreceiving the end offlthe stub shaft'23, thereby latchmg the guardi'n'position over the rotary tool. The free end ofthe' guard plate 42projects past the edge of the rotary tool and terminates 1n a curvededge 45, which serves as an upper finger rest. A lower nail rest isformed by a lug 46 on the top portion 1 of the casing, said lug beingpositioned on the opposite side of the'rotary tool from the upper fingerrest. When it is desired to remove a rotary tool from the device, theguard 42 is swung to the position shown in dotted lines in Figure'1. 1
The casingis narrowed at one end so that the rotary tool 36 willoverhang the edge 47 the casing thereby in no way interfering with theapplication of the rotary tool in the manicuring operation.
A make and break device comprising an arm 48 and an arm 49 is secured toone of the lateral projections ll by means of a screw 50 whichthreadedly engages a platesuitably 51. Separating blocks 52 areplaced'for insulating the arms 48 and '49.
The'arm 48 carries a contact point 53 and r thearm 49 a contact point54, said points rection, the pawl sliding over the teeth of norm-allybeing in *"engagement.. The arma-' ture;13 carries a, pair. of's'pacedarms of insulating material which 1' are disposed onv either. sidej'oftheprojecting end of the armv '49 of the make and break deviceto-open or providedwithythree'prongs A, B, and C which are formed so asto make contact with mating members in the insertable plug. When thetwo-point plug is disposed in the socket 56 so as to make contact withthe prongs A and Qelectrical connection is established directly to thecoil 7 7 through conductors'58 and This connection should only beused'when operating the device from an alternating current supply.
When it is desiredto operate the device from adirect current'su-pply,the plug is inserted in the socket 56 so as to make contactwith theprongs A and B, which establishes one connection directly to the coil 7through conductor 59. The other side of the circuit whereupon the coil 7is alternately energized and deenergized. When the coil is energized,the armature 13 will be attracted and moved downwardly against thepressure of the spring 14. This downward motion of the .rarmature 13will cause the pawl 31 to advance the ratchet wheel 27 in a clockwisedithe ratchet wheel. Upon the deenergizing of coil 7, the spring 1% willcause-the armature 13 to move in the opposite direction. This movementwill cause the pawl 30 to advance the sprocket wheel 27 in a clockwisedirection, and at the same time the pawl 31 will slide overthe teeth ofthe sprocket wheel and assume a position for its next operation inadvancing the sprocket wheel as before. So long as the armature 13continues to vibrate, the sprocket wheel will rotate and drive therotary tool connected thereto. The cuticle pusher 21 may also be used tostop the rotation of the rotary tool. Since the cuticle pusher is indirect connection with the armature 13, it is evident that theadvancement of the ratchet wheel may be prevented by the V operator ofthe device pushing against the cuticle pusher so that the armature willnot be able to vibrate. This is an advantage in that the operation ofthe rotary tool may be temporarily stopped without electricallydisconnecting the device.
The operation of the device from a direct current supply will be thesame as when operating from an alternating current source, except thatthe plug is inserted in the socket so as to make connection with theprongs A and C. This connection inserts the make and break device in oneside of the circuit to the coil, so that, when the coil is energized,the
armature 13 will be attracted as before and move against the resistanceof the spring 14.
This movement of the armature will cause the to the coil, which nowbecomes deencrgized.
The coil being deenergized, the armature will be moved upwardly by thespring 14, contact 54 will engage contact 53 and reestablish the circuitthrough the coil, which being again energized will attract the armature13 as before. This operation will continue so long as direct current issupplied to the device, or until the device is stopped by the operatorspressing upon the cuticle set 21-. The operation of the ratchetmechanism will be the same as whenoperating from an alternating current.
This invention, therefore, provides a power manicuring device which iscompact in construction, easy to use, which may be operated either fromdirect or alternating current, and which uses a rotary tool, said toolbeing easily and quickly detached from the device for replacing with atool for performing some other operation incident to manicuring.
I am aware that numerous details of construction may be varied through awide range without departingfrom the spirit of this invention, and I,therefore, do not purpose limiting the patent granted otherwise than isnecessitated by the prior art.
I claim as'my invention:
.1. An electrical manicuring device comprising a casing, a coil in saidcasing, an armature supported at one end and responsive to said coil, apair of spring pawls carried by said armature, a ratchet wheelalternately rotated by each of said pawls, and a tool connected to saidratchet wheel and rotatable therewith, said tool extending to theexterior of said casing.
2. An electrical manicuring device comprising a casing, a coil in saidcasing, an armature supported at one end and responsive to said coil,'apair of spring pawls carried by said armature, a ratchet wheelalternately rotated by each of said pawls, a tool connected to saidratchet wheel and rotatable therewith, said tool extending to theexteriorof said casing, and means manually operable from theexterior ofsaid casing 'for starting and stopping said tool. r g
- 3. A nianicuring device comprising a casing, a coilgin'saidaoasing, anarmature intiuenced by said coil, a vibratableatoolcarried by saidarmature'and' projecting to" the eX- terior of said casing, and arotarytool'outside of said casing connected" to said armature and operablesimultaneously with said vibrata able toolg 1 a 4'. A manic'ur-ingdevice comprising a casing, a coil "in said casing, a movablearmresponsive to said coi1,- a circuit interrupter connected to said armfor'breaking theelectricai circuit tosaid coil when'said arm is moved inone-directipma spring for moving said arm in the other directiontore-establish the electrical circuit to said coil, means con nected tosaid arm for converting its movement into rotary motion and a rotarytool exterior of said casinghaving a portion projecting inside of saidcasing for connection with said means. a j i I V 5.. A manicuring devicecomprisingia casmg, power means in said casing havinga V rotatablemember projecting through said casing, a rotary tool disposedoutside ofsaid casing and removably connected to said member and a finger restdisposed on each side of the plane of rotation of said tool, one'of saidfinger'rests being pivotallymovable to "re- 'move said tool. 7
v6. A manicuring devicecomprising a casing, power means insaid'casinghaving a 5' rotatable memberprojecting through said casing, a rotarytool operative outside of said casinghavingasleeve coaXia-lly engagingsaid gmember, aguard plate pivotally connected to said casing andnormally extending'over said i tool, and means for latching said plate,in normal position.
-7. A mamcuring device comprising a cascuring tool carried by each ofsaid members,
and means within said casi n for imparting motion to the respectlve memers;
- 312. A 'manicuring device comprising a vibratable tool, a rotary tool,power means tjo simultaneously actuate said tools, and connectionsbetween said tools, whereby the move- 1 ment of the rotary tool may becontrolledby means ofthe vibratable tool."
13. An electrical'manicuring device comprising a vibratable member, "arotary member, a-manicuring tool carried by each of-said members, powermeans for actuating said vibratab'le member, and a pawl andratchet con--nection between said vibratable member and l rotary member,saidconnection being rendered inactive when the vibratable member is toolwithout the necessity of having to -deenergize said power means.
scribed my name at Illinois.
GUSTAVE LIDSEEN.
ing, electric power means in said casing in- W eluding a rotary memberprojecting external- 45 1y of said casing, a rotary'tool-outside of saidcasing reniovabiy connected to'said member, and means whereby saidpowermeans is connectible for operation on direct current as 7 I, wellas aiternating'current. I w v 8. A manicuring device comprising a vi I 7In testimony whereof I have hereunto sub- Chicago, Cook County, 1
bratable tool, a rotary tool, and power means 1 to simultaneonslyactuate said tools. 7 a
9. A power manicurin'g'device comprising a plurality of tools, and meansfor imparting 65 a vibratory motion to certain of said tools and arotary motion to the other of said tools.
10. A power manicuring device comprising 7 a plurality of tools,randmeans for simultaneously imparting a vibratory motion to 60 certain ofsaid tools and a rotary motion to the'other of saidtools.
11; Anelectrical manicuring device comprising an apertured casing, avibratable member extending through oneof said apert's tures to theoutsideof: the casing, a' rotatable
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2024-03-22
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1930-05-26
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1932-10-11"
}
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US-63623023-A
|
Chicken fount
1,503,705 .w. H. PARKER CHICKEN FOUNT Filed May 2 1 I, x A 1 PatentedAug. 5, 1924.
IE Y
WILLIAM H. manna, or BROKEN BOW, NEBRASKA.
CHICKEN FOUNT.
Application filed May 2, 1923. Serial No. 636,230.
To all whom 2'2. may concern: 7
Be it known that 1, WILLIAM H. PARKER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Broken Bow, in the county of Custer and State of Nebraska,have invented new and useful Improvements in Chicken Founts, of whichthe following is a specification.
My invention relates to chicken founts and particularly that class offount wherein the supply of water is automatically fed into the troughso that the supply of water is constant at all times.
An object of my invention is to provide a fount wherein a cylinder iseccentrically mounted with relation to the trough so that the dischargeopening of the same normally lies at the center of the trough, therebyallowing the water to flow into the same to the desired level.
Another object of my invention is that in mounting the cylindereccentrically, the same may be elevated from the water when not in use,without removing the cylinder from its supports.
Still a further object of my invention is to provide handles for thecylinder which contact with supporting brackets to limit the rotation ofthe cylinder thereby assuring the proper positioning of the dischargeopening with relation to the trough, and support ing the cylinder inoperative or inoperative position.
Referring more particularly to the drawings, forming part of thespecification-and wherein like characters refer to correspond ing partsthroughout the figures,
Fig. 1 illustrates a perspective view of my invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates a perspective View of the cylinder with the cylinderpartially rotated to show the discharge opening;
Fig. 3 is an end view with the cylinder in normal position; and
Fig. 4 is a transverse central sectional view showing the cylinder inits elevated position as indicated by the dotted lines.
In these drawings, 1 is a flat trough pro vided' with an outwardlyflaring end and side walls forming in effect a tray. Rig-idly attachedto each end of the trough I provide brackets 2 comprising upwardlyconverging arms having a central depression 3 and inwardly bent portions4 secured to the outer side of the flaring side walls of the trough.
These brackets are adapted to carry a water containing cylinder 5 whichis pro vided at each end with trunnions 6 which are removably seatedwithin the central depressed portion of the brackets which fin-n1 6Hbearings for the same. These trunnions 6 are eccentrically carried bythe cylinder with respect to the longitudinal axis thereof. A dischargeopening 7 is formed in the cylinder by striking out from the body of thea? cylinder a portion 8 which is bent inwardly into the cylinder andpermits the water to fiow from the cylinder around both edges of thestruck-out portion and into the trough, it being understood, that thisopening is arranged so as to lie in vertical alignment with the trunnion6 when the device is in operative position.
I also provide the cylinder with outwardly extending handles 9 securedto the ends thereof and so disposed that they contact with theconverging arms of the bracket when the discharge opening reaches normalposition. Upon swinging the cylinder about its axis, the handles 9contact with the opposite bracket and maintain the opening in thecylinder directly above the trunnion 6 so that the same is positivelyheld in either operative or inoperative position.
From the foregoing, it is to be understood that the cylinder is firstswung so that the opening lies above the trunnions and is then filledwith water, whereupon the handles .9 are grasped and the cylinderrotated to its normal or operative position as illustrated in Fig. 3, atwhich time the water will flow therefrom into the trough until itreaches the lower edges of the opening, at which time the flow will beautomatically stopped, as the water in the trough is consumed, acorresponding flow from the cylinder will take place, therebymaintaining the level constant at all times. Du to the eccentricmounting of the cylinder, it can be readily seen that the same will bebodily lifted from the water in the trough as the same is swung to itsinoperative position. This has been found to be quite desirable since,after constant use, and where the cylinder is left standing in the waterfor some time, corrosion or rust takes place and due to the sometimesstagnant condition of the water, a scum forms on the exterior of thecylinder. Applicant produces means for preventing these objectionableoccurrences since the cylinder may be swung out of the water when it isfound that its use is not needed.
Attention is also directed to the fact that the handles 9 not onlyprovide convenient means for operating the cylinder, but also act asstops to limit the rotation of the cylinder, insuring proper positioningof the same at all times.
It is evident that a cheap, simple and durable construction is providedinvolving very few parts and so constructed that the same cannot beeasily injured or broken, and at the same time, a very desirable articleis produced. By providing the trough with outwardly flared end and sidewalls, it can be seen that there is sufficient space between thecylinder and these walls to permit access to the water, but there is notsufficient space to permit the fowl to stand or enter the trough. Thishas been one of the objectionable features heretofore and applicantsdevice produces a simpl solution of the problem.
It is to be understood that this device will not upset in use and may bemade of sheet metal which may be galvanized or not, and made of anysuit-able proportion or size as best suits needs and convenience, and itis to be further understood that modifications in minor details andfinish of the article may be resorted to without departing from thespirit of this invention as defined by the claims hereunto appended.
I claim:
1. A device of the character described comprising a trough, bracketssecured to the trough and extending upwardly therefrom, and a watercontaining cylinder eccentrically mounted in the brackets for rotationwith respect to the trough, and having an inwardly directed portionforming oppositely disposed discharge openings to permit fluid to flowfrom the cylinder to the trough.
2. A device of the character described comprising a trough, bracketsrising from the trough and each comprising converging arms and acentraldepressed portion, a cylindrical water container provided with eccentrictrunnions supported in the depressed portions of the brackets, thecylinder having an inwardly bent portion intermediate its ends to permitwater to flow from the cylinder around both edges of the inwardly bentportion into the trough, and elements carried by the cylinder forengagement with the brackets to insure positioning the opening of thecylinder substantially over the longitudinal axis of the trough,
3. A device of the character described comprising a trough, bracketsincluding upwardly converging portions secured to the trough, a watercontaining cylinder eccentrically mounted in the tops of the bracketsfor rotation with respect to the trough and having an inwardly directedportion forming a discharge opening to permit water to flow from thecylinder into the'tro-ugh, and combined handles and stops for rotatingthe cylinder and disposed for engagement with the converging portions ofthe braclc ets to hold the cylinder in either operative or inoperativeposition.
4. 'A device of the character described comprising a trough providedwith outwardly flared end and side walls, brackets each comprisingconverging arms and a central depressed portion secured to each end ofthe trough, a cylinder provided with eccentric trunnions supportedwithin the said depressed portions of the brackets, the said cylinderbeing provided with a discharge opening formed by an inwardly bentportion of the cylinder to permit water to flow from the cylinder intothe trough, and combined handles and stops for rotating the cylinder andholding the same in either operative or inoperative position. I
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.
WILLIAM H. PARKER.
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2024-03-22
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1923-05-02
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1924-08-05"
}
|
US-69894524-A
|
Bran duster
A. WOLF BRAN DUSTER Feb. 23 1926. 1,574,722
Filed March 15 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 patented Feb. 23,1926.
' ed a relatively largebearing 1,1 for arotary- UNITED STATES AUGUSTUSWOLF, OF CHAMBERSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.
BEAN DUSTER.
Application filed March 13, 1924. Serial No. 698,945.
To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, AUGUSTUS vVo'nr,acitizen of the United States, residing in Chamliersburg, Pennsylvania,have invented a Bran Duster, of which the following is a specification.
One object of my invention is to provide a machine particularly designedto bolt out the heavier particles from grain which has been suitablycrushed in a mill with a view to separating such particles whichconstitute the flour from the light fibrous elements.
Another object of my invention is to pro- These objects and otheradvantageous ends I attain as hereinafter set forth reference belng hadto the accompanaying drawings,-111wh1ch,
Fig. 1 15am end elevation-of a bran duster constructed in accordancewith my inven-' tion,
Fig. 2 is alongitudinal vertical section on the line 2-2, Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section on the line 33, Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged View illustrating the action of the brsuhes;-and,
Fig. 5 is a sectional perspective view of one of the ribs of the reel..
In the above drawings, 1 represents the flat top and 2 and 3 theremovable panel sides of the body of my bran duster which includes alsotwo relatively heavy side frame members .4 and 5 and a longitudinallyextending inclined bottom 6-6 This body with said frame members issupported-on two pairs of standards or'legs 7-7 of which those of each)air are braced together by transverse mem ers 8. The body of themachine" includes also two vertically extending ends 9 and 10, in thefirst of which is mountsleeve 12, while the second end 10 likewise T hasmounted in it a bearing 13 for an elongated sleeve 14. The sleeve 12 hasmounted upon or formed integral with it a pulley or sprocket wheel 15connected by a chain or belt 18 with a second'sprocket or pulley 16fixed to a shaft 17. The latter is journaled in the bearings 19 and 19supported by the lower portions of the end members 9 and 10 and likewisehas fixed to it a second and larger sprocket or pulley 20 connected byachain or belt 21 with a sprocket ,or pulley 22. i
The frame members 4 and 5 are preferably extended beyond the end members9 and 10 of the machine and. at one end thereof are connected by a crossbeam 23 ;-'at the opposite end being likewise connected by a secondcross beam 24. As shown in Fig. 1,
these cross beams are centrally made with open octagonal portions ineach of whichis mounted an octagonal box25 serving to rotatably supporta shaft 26 which extends longitudinally through the machine from one endto the other. This shaft has fixed to it the sprocket or pulley 22preferably between one of the boxes 25 and the adjacent end member 9 ofthe machine and outside of said box has fixed to it a driving pulley 27designed for connection with any suitable source of power.
W'lth the above described arrangement of parts, rotation of the shaft 26by the pulley 27 likewise causes rotation of the sprocket or pulley 15and the sleeve 12 to which it is attached; the parts being so designedthat said sleeve turns at a hi her rate of speed, for example, fourtimes tTlEti) of the shaft 26.
The two sleeves 12 and- 14, both of; which extend within the casing ofthe machine are provided with outwardly extending radial armsrespectively carrying rims 28 and 29, which are flanged away from eachother, and are connected by longitudinally extending ribs All of theseribs are connected and supported intermediate the heads provided by thesleeves 12 and 14 and their arms, by hoops or rings 31 and each of themhas mounted upon it a longitudinally extending externally convex strip32 for the reception the bran is held by the corrugation until the brushremoves the bran from the ribs.
Upon the shaft 26 is a pair of oppositely facing, outwardly flangedcollars 34 and 35, so placed as to abut uponand close the inner ends ofthe two sleeves 12 and 14 and there is suitable packing, such as feltcloth, mounted between these collars and said sleeves to prevent theescape of material from the interiorv of the reel into them. Alsomounted bGlZWCGlLlZllQ shaft 26 within the reel and between the twocollars 34 and 35 is a pair of hubs carrying arms 36, to which arebolted or otherwise suitably attached a suitable number, in the presentinstance, three, of longitudinally extending bars 37 carrying brushbristles and them selves .constituting brushesextending prac- 1 ticallyfrom one end of the reel to the other. These: parts 3.? are so arrangedas to be inclined at a slight angle to the axialline of the reel so thatwhen rotated in the direction which is counterclockwise when viewed fromthe right-hand end of the machine, they cause the contents of the reelto be progressed from the left to the right-hand end thereof. Thediameter of the cylinder described by the brushes when these are rotatedwith the shaft 26 is slightly less than that of the cloth or screen ofthe reel but by means hereafterdescribed the shaft with the brushes isdisplaced to one side of and slightly above the axis of said reel, sothat said brushes are engaged by thecloth or screen or any part thereofunder operating conditions, p
vI also prefer to provide a plurality oflongitudinal radial blades whichare carried by the shaft and which extend substantially the entirelength .of the reel. These blades may be variously; formed and mounted,but I prefer and have shown blades 38 which are entirely independent ofthe brush bars 37, butwhich are mounted on the aforesaid arms 36 of theshaft 26. These blades are mounted between the brushes and extend forpractically the entire length of the reel and like the brushes, inclinedat an acute angle tothe line of the shaft 36. These blades, as-sho'wn inFig. 3, extend radially and move in a cylindrical path somewhat less indiameter than that of the brushes 27, being intended not only to insureflow or movement of material within the reel from the left'to theright-hand thereof, but also being intended to prevent said materialfrom compacting and cause its rotation at a high velocity so that itsheavier particles will tend to move outwardly together with the airunder the action of centrifugal force, thereby separating light foreignparticles.
Atthe left-hand end of the machine, there is an inlet opening 40provided in the end wall 9. through which material to'betreated isdelivered from a receiving hopper 41 so asto pass through the head 28into the interior of the reel.
At the opposite end of the machine, there are mounted on the'sleeve 14and on the head 29 a series of curved scoops 42 designed to collectmaterial from the adjacent endof the reel as the latter is rotated anddeliver it through said head 29 into a space 43, from whence it isdelivered from the machine through a discharge opening 44. Materialpassing through the cloth or screen of the reel is delivered by theinclined sides 6 into an elongated trough 45 extending longitudinally ofthe casing of the machine and from this is delivered from any suitableconveyor or receptacle.
The position of the shaft 26 with its brushes and conveying blades isadjustable within the reelby'reason of the fact it is carried in theboxes 25 which in turn are supported by adjustable set screws 46 passingradially through the octagonal bearing rings 23 and 24 as shown in Fig.I. Said screws are so positioned or set up that under conditions ofoperation the brushes 37 will engage and clean the inside surface of thecloth 33 of the reel along a longitudinal line thereof, preferably toone side of the middle of its top.
For cleaning the outside surface of the screen or clothof the reel, Iprovide a brush 50 mounted on a shaft 51 journaled; in the end members9and 10 of the casing and extending substantially parallel with theshaft 26 as shown in Fig. 3; there being preferably two oppositelyextending sets of bristles set in said brush. The shaft 51 extendsoutside of the casing and carriesa pulley 52 for the reception of a belt53fwhereby it is driven by power from a second pulley 54 on the shaft26. The pulleys 52 are preferably of the same diameter so that the shaft26 rotates at the same speed as the shaft 51 with its brush 50. Atthe'same time, the reel is preferably run at a speed approximatelyone-quarter that of the shaft 26 and its brushes, so that the latterwith the, brush 50 elfectually keep clean both the internal and externalsurface of the cloth or screen, maintaining it in a condition of maximumeffectiveness.
The material introduced into the hopper 41 enters the rotating reel,where it is re volved at a high rate of speed by reason of the action ofthe blades 38 and the brushes 3?. Under the action of centrifugal forceits heavier particles are separated from the lighter particles and, ifof the proper size, pass through the cloth or screen and fall into thetrough 45 of the machine. The branwith light flour dust is conveyed bythe brushes :and blades of the reel longitudinally thereof and isultimately picked up by the scoops 42 which discharge it from themachine through the space 43 and outlet 44 thereof.
It is to be noted that by reason of the adjustment of the brushes, thelatter do not interfere with the masses of material under treatment inthe lower part of the reel, since at this portion of the latter, saidbrushes clear its surface by a considerable distance. On the other hand,the cloth or screen of the reel is engaged by the rapidly rotatedbrushes both externally and 1nternally at portions which are relativelyinactive; i. e., the upper parts thereof, Where particles of adheringmaterial or particles which have lodged in the screen are effectuallydislodged so that the latter is kept at all times in condition ofgreatest effectiveness.
By the means above described the machine may be adjusted With the utmostnicety to operate in the most eflicient and satisfactory manner, so thatit will continuously act at full capacity to separate the flour andother valuable constituents of the grain from the bran, flour dust, andlight undesirable foreign particle ordinarily mixed With it.
I claim:
1. The combination in a bolting machine of a casing; a reelrotatably'mounted therein; a brush rotatably mounted within the reel andpositioned to operate on portions thereof adjacent its top; a secondbrush positioned to operate on the outer surface of the reel along aline directly opposite the line of engagement of the inner brush;
2. The combination in a bolting machine of a casing; a reel therein; twobrushes positioned to operate opposite one another respectively on theinner and outer surfaces of the reel; with means for rotating thebrushes and the reel.
3. The combination in a bolting machine of a casing; a reel therein; twobrushes posi- I tioned to operate opposite one another respectively onthe inner and outer surfaces of the reel; means for radially adjustingthe inner brush toward or from the inner surface of the reel; and meansfor rotating the brushes and the reel.
4. The combination in a bran duster of a casing; a reel having twosleeves rotatably mounted in the ends of the casing; a shaftpassing-through said sleeves; a brush on the shaft; means for adjustingthe shaft laterally to cause the brush to engage the upper portion ofthe reel; With collars on the shaft positioned to prevent escape ofmaterial through said sleeves.
5. The combination in a bolting machine,
of a casing; a reel therein having a series of longitudinally corrugatedribs for holding the bran; and a rotating brush carrier, having brushesarranged to engage the upper inner portion of the reel and to removematerial from the corrugated ribs, said brushes being clear of the lowerpor tion of the reel.
AUGUSTUS WOLF.
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2024-03-22
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1924-03-13
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1926-02-23"
}
|
US-291284D-A
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Elmika beady
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ELMINA BRADY, OF POBTLANDVILLE, NEW YORK.
COMPOSITION OF MATTER FOR MOLDING FRUITS, FANCY-TOPPED TABLES, BIRDS,dc.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 291,281, dated January1, 1884.
Application filed June 18, 1883. (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, ELMINA BRADY, of Portlandville, in the county ofOtsego and State of New York, have invented a new and ImprovedComposition of Matter for Molding Fruits, Fancy-Topped Tables, Birds,&c., of which the following is afull, clear, and exact description.
The object of my invention is to provide a new composition of matterwhich may be molded or shaped readily in the plastic state toformvarious articles of ornament and utility which are subjected to abaking and hardening process before the final color-finish is applied.
My improved composition consists of the following ingredients, combinedin about the proportions stated, viz: hard stone, ground fine, onepound; slate stone, ground fine, one pound; common sand, ground fine,one-quarter pound; white sand, ground fine, one-quarter pound;clam-shells, ground fine, one-sixth pound; common brick, ground fine,one-quarter pound; charcoal, ground fine, one-quarter pound; blue clay,ground fine, three pounds; linseed oil, one pint, and water, ashereinafter stated.
In the preparation of the composition, I first mix the hard stone, slatestone, common sand, white sand, clam-shells, common brick, andcharcoal'intimately together. I then add the blue clay and sufficientwater to make a rather stiff plastic mass, and finally add the linseedoil; but I may not follow this exact routine in mixing the materials.
This composition may be molded or shaped into various articles ofornament and utilitysuch as fruit-baskets and fruits, fancy-toppedtables, birds, shells, or in fact any form tosuit the taste and skill ofthe designerand the molded articles arethen to be baked in any suitableoven until quite hard and then placed in any suitable metallic open-workvessel or basket, wherein they are subjected to a blaze or flame tostill further harden or glaze them, and then finally finished in paintor color and varnish, as desired.
The ingredients of this composition act as follows: The fine hard stoneand slate stone make the composition hard, the sand, clamshells,charcoal, and brick prevent shrinkage, the blue clay acts as a cement tobind the mass together, and the linseed oil prevents the compositionfrom sticking to hands when molding it to shape.
Having thus described my invention, whatI claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is
The herein-described composition of matter from which to mold articlesof ornament and utility, consisting of hard stone, common sand, slatestone, white sand, clam-shells, common brick, charcoal, blue clay,water, and linseed oil in the proportions substantially as hereinspecified.
, ELMINA BRADY. Witnesses:
MUsEY S. CooKE,
DEWITT DEUEL.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1884-01-01"
}
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US-26552528-A
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Cooling compound and lubricant and process of manufacturing same
Patented Dec. 9, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FRANK BROEMAN, 0FCINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOB TO NATIONAL PRODUCTS- SUPPLY COMPANY, OFASHLAND, KENTUCKY, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIR- GINIA COOLING COMPOUND ANDLUBRICANT AN 1) PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING SAME No Drawing.
My invention relates to cooling compounds for the-journals'of railwaycar Wheels, .and
particularly to a novel type of cooling compound which also serves as alubricant.
In the art there have been a number of different types of coolingcompounds the purpose of which has been to prevent hot boxes on railwaycars. Most of these products have a decided disadvantage due to the factthat if they are compounded for their cooling action they fail aslubricants, and if they are compounded for their lubricating action theyfail as cooling compounds.
It is the object of my invention to provide a cooling compound andlubricant which will have a small amount of lubricant in it which is notof the type which will readily separate. A further object is theincorporation in the compound of materials which will tend to keep thematerial in a completely emulsified condition. I further incorporateenough water in the compound so that as the axles of the car wheelsrotate there is adequate wa ter to keep the journals cool.
The above and other objects to which reference will be made in theensuin disclosure I accomplish by that novel combination and process forcompounding same of which I will cite a specific example.
For a base for my compound I prefer to use a potash soft soap which maybe made with semi-drying oils of the type of corn oil, linseed oil, soyabean oil, or cottonseed oil.
. Where a perfume is added to the compound,
fish oils may be used or partially hydrogenated oils, although the titerof partially hydrogenated oils is so high that compounds made with thisproduct will be somewhat hard for winter use.
In order to facilitate emulsification I prefer to add some saponifiableoil such as neats foot oil. To give the com ound body I may use cocoanutoil or palm Kernel oil, or any of the other oils which, although readilymelted at fairly low temperatures, will, when solidified, have somebody. Further, to assist in the emulsification I prefer to use somestearic acid or its equivalent, such as hydrogenated fatty acid of hightiter, which-is preferably saponified with sodium carbonate.
Application flied March 28, 1928. Serial No. 265,525.
I may also incorporate in the compound some finely divided carbon suchas flaked graphite.
As a specific example of the ingredients which are ordinarily used in abatch of my cooling compound, to make 148 lbs. of the mixture, I proceedto manufacture one hundred pounds of soft soap, for example from cornoil. The finished soap will test about 40% anhydrous soap so that therewill be contributed. from the soft soap about sixty pounds of water. Tothe soft soap thirty pounds of water is added. Then about five andone-half pounds of stearic acid is added with enough sodium carbonate tosaponify the stearic acid. I may use caustic soda for saponifying thestearic acid, but I find it preferable to use sodium carbonate as thegas evolved from the saponification assists in the properemulsificatiori of the product.
After the aforenoted ingredients have been thoroughly mixed together Iadd three pounds of flaked graphite and three pounds of cocoanut oil.Three pounds of neats foot oil is also-added which makes up the onehundred and forty-eight poundv batch of fin ished product. While astraight mineral lubricating oil might be used instead of the neats footoil and cocoanut oil as lubricants, it would tend to separate in eitherhot or cold weather which would be extremely undesirable as anyseparation tends to allow the compound to break, in which condition thewater would not exert a proper cooling function.
While my product is made with ingredients which may be varied atdifferent times in accordance with the market price, I use in mycompound about sixty per cent of water, thirty per cent of potashvegetable oil soap, figured on an anhydrous basis, two per cent of asaponifiable lubricating oil, such as neats foot, two per cent of avegetable oil of the cocoanut group characterized by a low melting pointwith a firm congealingstructure, two per cent of finely dividedgraphite, and about four per cent of a saponified fat or fatty acid ofhigh titer. The percentages may, of course, be varied a reasonableamount. The reaction of the batch, after all the ingredients are in, isneutral.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is
A cooling compound and lubricant consist- 5 ing substantially of thefollowing ingredients :100 lbs. of potash vegetable oil soap containingsixty per cent of water, 30 lbs. of
water, 3 lbs. of neats foot oil, 3 lbs. of graphite mixed with threepounds of cocoanut oil 10 and six and one quarter pounds of stearic acidsoap.
FRANK C. BROEMAN.
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2024-03-22
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1928-03-28
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1930-12-09"
}
|
US-62248856-A
|
Recovery and separation of naphthalenes by solvent extraction
March 17, 1959 D. B.-BROUGHTON 2,
RECOVERY AND SEPARATION OF NAPHTHALENES BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION Filed Nov.15, 1956 Bottoms 9 Watqr Make -up Ref/ax- Make-up Solvent I N VE N T 0R:Donald B. Bmughtan Fead Stock.
A r p/my: rs.-
United States Patent RECOVERY AND SEPARATION OF NAPH THALENES BY SOLVENTEXTRACTION Application November 15, 1956,,Serial No. 622,488
14' Claims. (Cl. 260-674) This invention relates to a process forseparating and recovering bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from mixturesof the same with, other classes of hydrocarbons, such as hydrocarbonmixtures containing said naphthalenes and one or more of the groupcomprising parafiins, naphthenes, olefins: and aromatics. Morespecifically, this invention concerns a process for recovering anextract comprising naphthalene and one or more of its homologs from amixture'of hydrocarbons containing the same and thereafter segregatingthe extract into specific homologs by means. of a process which involvesliquid-liquid phase extraction ofthe hydrocarbon mixture with a solventfor the, naphthalene component selected from the alcohols, the alkyleneglycols, and the polyalkyl'ene glycols, recovering the hydrocarbonsolute from the resulting rich solvent stream and thereafterfractionally distilling the recovered extract to separate saidnaphthalene and homologs.
The principal object of this invention, therefore, is to provide aprocess for segregating substantially pure naphthalene products, each ofwhich consists essentially of an individual" naphthalene homolog frommixtures of the same with other types of hydrocarbons, including othernaphthalene homologs. Other objects of the invention concern thepreparation of individual naphthalene homologs from petroleum sources ina substantially pure form containing at least 99+% of the individualnaphthalenes.
In one of its embodiments this invention comprises contacting ahydrocarbon fraction boiling from about 300 to about 500 F., containingat least two homologous naphthalene hydrocarbons with asolvent for saidnaphthalene hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of alcohols,an alkylene glycol, a polyalkylene glycol and ethers of said alcohol andglycols at a temperature sufilcient to extract from said hydrocarbonfraction substantially all of said napthalene hydrocarbons therefrom,providing sutficient pressure to maintain the hydrocarbon mixture andsolvent in substantially liquid phase, thereby forming a rich solventcontaining the naphthalene components of said hydrocarbon fractiondissolved in said solvent, counter-currently contacting said richsolvent with a reflux comprising a liquid paraffinic hydrocarbon havinga boiling point below the boiling point of the naphthalene hydrocarbon,separating said rich solvent from a rafiinate comprising nonaromatichydrocarbons, stripping a hydrocarbon extract from the rich solvent,separately recovering lean solvent and said hydrocarbon extract,recycling said lean solvent to said first-mentioned contacting step, andseparating a naphthalene homolog from said hydrocarbon extract.
A more specific embodiment of this invention concerns a'process forseparating naphthalene and methylnaphthalene from ahydrocarbon fractionboiling within the range-of from about 400 'to about 500 P. whichcomprises subjecting said petroleum fraction to countercurrent contact"with an aqueous solution of diethylene glycolcontaining not more thanabout-5% by weight of 2,878,261 Patented Mar. 17, 1959 water at atemperature of from about 325 to aboutAOO? F. and at a pressuresufiicient to maintain said fraction and said solution substantially inliquid phase and form thereby a rich solvent stream containing saidnaphthalene and methylnaphthalene dissolved therein, countercurrentlycontacting said rich solvent stream with a reflux stream comprising anormally liquid parafiinic hydro: carbon having a boiling point lessthan naphthalene, thereafter recovering a rich solvent stream from.which the non-aromatic and alkylbenzene components boiling in thefeedstock rangehave been displaced by contact of said richysolvent withsaid parafiinic hydrocarbon, reducing the pressure on said rich solventstream atsllbstantially isothermal conditions, withdrawing from a, richsolvent, residue a first, vapor fraction comprising; said parafiinichydrocarbon and recycling, saidgfirst fraction to contact with said richsolvent as at least a. portion of said parafi'lnic reflux hydrocarbon,fractionally distilling a naphthalene hydrocarbon from said residue,withdraw ing a bottoms comprising lean solvent, recycling said leansolvent to the first-mentioned contacting zone; as said diethyleneglycol solvent and thereafter fractionally dis tilling thenaphthalene-hydrocarbon fractionto thereby segregate naphthalene fromits homologs.
Other embodiments of the present invention relating to specific aspectsof the present process will be-referred to in greater detail in thefollowing further descriptionof the invention.
It has previously been known that aromatic hydro? carbons, includingpolycyclic aromatics, may be. ex; tracted from certain boiling rangehydrocarbon fractions containing the Same in admixture withparafliniqolefinic and/or naphthenic hydrocarbons by dissolving, thearomatic hydrocarbon in a solvent, such; as an alcohol or glycol, but ithas also been realized that the recoveryof the aromatic hydrocarbon fromthe rich solvent stream formed by contacting the hydrocarbon, fractionwith the solvent does not readily release. its aromatic solute by simpledistillation methods, except at relatively, high temperatures, at whichtemperatures the character of the solvent changes rapidly, tending tobecome highly acidic (presumably because of the adsorptionof oxygenand/or the shift of oxygen atoms in, the molecular coin}: position ofthe alcohol or glycol solvent from hydroxyl and/or ether oxygen tocarboxylgroups) and also,ten d-, ing to becomescontaminated withresinous and tarry. by; products, The acidic contaminants are highlycorro-l sive atthe high temperatures utilized in the extraction and/ orstripping stages and the resins and tars precipitate in the equipment,necessitating frequent interruptionsin the process for the removal ofthe resulting deposits. In effect, therefore, the use of the highlyeffective alco: hols, alkylene glycols and polyalkylene glycols assolvents for the extraction of, polycyclic, aromatics which are re,-}coverable from the rich solvent stream formed in. the extractor only atrelatively high temperatures is madeuna available because of thetendency of the solvent toundere go deterioration into saidacidic,resinous, and tarry. by. products at the required hightemperatures; the use of, such solvents is therefore impracticablebecause of the,
constant and recurring problem of cleaning the eqnip creases, therequired temperature of operation likeyvise increases and thedeterioration of the solvent into acidic;
by-products likewise increases. In accordance with one of the provisionsof the process of this invention a, blanket of inert gas is maintainedover the surface ofthe, glycol which would normally contact atmospheric,oxy gen, thereby excluding oxygen from, contact with glycol andeliminating the deterioration of the solvent to acidic by-products whichcause corrosion of the portions of the equipment coming'into contactwith the solvent and the deposition ofresinous and tarry materials inthe solvent .reboilers and redistillation equipment. The use of-theinert gas blanket in the present high temperatures for .such solventextractions is the inthalene and its homologs are of relatively highmelting point and would normally tend to crystallize in theextractreceiver as they distill out of the rich solvent. Thesenaphthalenes are also of greater density than water and therefore form alower, solid phase in the extract receiver below the aqueous layerdistilled with thenaph In accordance with the process of this inventiona liquid parafiin diluent, in suf-' ficient quantity to completelydissolve the naphthalenes in thalenes from the rich'solvent.
the receiver vessel, is maintained at all times in the receiver vesselto prevent crystallization of the naphthalenes and to reduce theirdensity below that of water .so that the aqueous distillate is presentinthe receiver at troduction of a ,light,.- parafiinic hydrocarbon having-a boiling point below, that of the naphthalene extract into theextractor at a critical point and maintaining the-light 'parafiin in theextract receiver vessel as a diluent of the naphthalene extract, .At therequired extraction temperatures, that is, at temperatures of 200 F. andhigher, the rich solvent stream formed within the extraction zone andcontaining dissolved naphthalenes increase the solubility of otherhydrocarbons (including the normally rafiinate-type hydrocarbons, whichin the absence of the naphthalene solute would be substantiallyinsoluble in alcoholic and glycolic solvents) to such an extent that theentire feed stock becomes soluble in the lower portion of theextraction-3 column, thereby rendering the entire process inoperable assmeans of separating the desired naphthalene and its homologs from othertypes of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons which accompany thesenaphthalenes. in the feed stock. By means of the present process, a.countercurrently flowing reflux stream comprising a light paraflinichydrocarbon is charged into the lower portion of the extraction columnto provide a separate and distinct raffinate phase capable of extractingthe non-aromatic constituents of the feed stock and the non-naphthalenearomatics from the rich solvent stream in the lower portion of theextraction zone and thereby maintain a separate liquid hydrocarbon phaseinto which the rafiinate hydrocarbons dissolved in the rich solvent may,diffuse and which may be removed as a separate liquid phase from the topof the extraction column. In the absence of the light paraflin reflux inthe bottom portion of the extraction zone, the maintenance of a separaterafiinate phasein the extraction zone and the recovery of the presentnaphthalene products becomes inoperable. The boiling pointcharacteristic of the light paraffin reflux enables these hydrocarbonstobe readily distilled from the naphthalene extract recovered in thestripping zone and also enables it to be distilled as a light overheadfrom the rich solvent in the stripping zone without appreciablyvaporizing the naphthalene solute therewith. The preferred lightparaflins comprising at least a portion of the reflux charged into theextractor are the parafiins boiling from about 10 to about 150 F. belowthe boiling point of naphthalene, one of the preferred paraffins forthis use being one or a mixture of C to C parafiins, such as a fractionof petroleum. In the process as herein provided, the light vaporoverhead from the rich solvent stream distilled in the stripping zone,hereinafter described, is rich in the light paraffins present in therich solvent by virtue of having displaced heavier feed stock rafiinatecomponents from the rich solvent in the preceding extraction stage. Thisoverhead, which also contains some of the naphthalene and other aromaticcomponents of the rich solvent stream constitutes a major source of thelight paraffin reflux stream recycled to the extraction zone.
Another feature of the present process, inherent in the use of a lowmolecular weight paraffinic reflux which makes feasible the operation ofthe process is the presence of the light parafiin in the naphthaleneproduct receiver vessel attached to the stripping column. Naphall timesas a lower layer, thereby facilitating withdrawal of both thenaphthalenes and the aqueous phase from thereceiver vessel. The lightparaffin is subsequently readily distilled from the naphthalene extractin the re ceiver forv recovery and recycle of the paraffin reflux in theprocess and for producing a residue consisting of substantially purenaphthalene product.
Another feature of the present process which makes the operation of anaphthalene extraction process feasible is the use of a solvent selectedfrom a specific class of organic compounds containing a certain limitedproportion of, water which adjusts the selectivity and solubilityrelationships of the solvent to the naphthalene compo :nents as well asto the non-aromatic components of the feed stock in such manner as tomake possible. an $60? nom-ically feasiblerange of solvent to feed stockratios,
N and enables the recovery of a naphtha'lene and methyl? naphthaleneproduct in the form of an extract of substantially purity, while at thesame time maintaining the boiling point of the solvent at a. temperaturewhich may be feasibly utilized in a solvent extraction.
and extract recovery process of this'type, including the stripping stageas well as the extraction stage of the process. The water content of thesolvent lies within a certain specified range which reduces the boilingpoint of thesolvent below the decomposition point of the solvent and yetmaintains its selectivity and solvency at a high level. h
Suitable feed stocks utilizable in the process of this invention. arehydrocarbon mixtures generally containingany recoverable proportion ofnaphthalene, methylnaphthalene, or higher naphthalene homologs (hereinreferred to collectively as naphthalene hydrocarbons) in admixture withother hydrocarbons of aromatic, parafiinic or olefinic structure and ofany molecular weight. These mixtures are desirably recovered frompetroleum sources or the conversion products of petroleum, the fractionsutilized as feed stock boiling at least above about 300 F. and morepreferably, from about 400 to about 500 F. The. latter boiling rangeincludes more specifically the desired products of the present process,including naphthalene, having a boiling point of about 424 F.,alphamethylnaphthalene having a boiling point of about 473 F., andbeta-methylnaphthalene which boils at approximately 466 F., althoughhigher boiling feed stocks con taining the higher alkylated homologs ofnaphthalene, such as dimethylnaphthalene isomers, ethylnaphthalene anddiethylnaphthalene may be utilized in the present process as the sourceof the desired product. The feed stock may contain one or morenaphthalenes and/or homologs, but in the preferred application of theprocess, the feed stock is prefractionated to separate a fractioncontaining not more than two species within the range of boiling pointsfor these species. Thus, a fraction boiling from about 400 to about 500F. contains naphthalene and the alphaand beta-methylnaphthalene isomersand an extract product separated from such a feed stock may befractionally distilled in the final stages of the process to segregateindividual isomers and homologs of substantially 100% purity. Feedstocks which are particularly adapted to the present processare selectedfrom the naturally occurring hydrocarbon mixtures ornaphthalene-containing mixtures which are the product or a.-;.fractionof the product of a hydrocarbon conversion process; and which boil. ataconstant temperature as an azeotrope normally inseparable by simple orfractional distillation means. Thus, the conversion products of bydrogen reforming and many other. petroleum refining processes containparaflinic, olefinic, aromatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons having a widerange of molecular weights, depending upon the boiling range of such afraction, which, when distilled yield azeotropic mixtures containingcomponents of the same molecular weight of adjacent homologs.Illustrative of such a separation problem is the segregation ofnaphthalene and the alphaand beta-methylnaphthalene homologs from afraction boiling from 400 to about 500 F., saidfraction containing, inaddition to said naphthalene homologs, aromatic hydrocarbons containinga total of, from 5, tov 7 carbon atoms in alkyl side, chains attached.to the benzenoid nucleus, as well as dodecane, various dodecane isomers,tridecane, and triand tetradecane isomers, as well as variousalkylcyclohexanes, alkylcyclopentanes, etc. Particularly preferredsources of feed stock herein are petroleum or petroleum conversionproduct fractions in which the non-aromatic components are exclusivelyof parafiinic and/or naphthenic structure.
The solvents utilized in the present process which are selectivelymiscible with naphthalene hydrocarbons and therefore capable ofselectively extracting said naphthalenes from mixtures containing thesame, together withparaflinic, olefinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons arereferred to herein as the monoand dihydric alcohols and ethers. Thesecompounds are herein specifically selected for use as solvents becauseof the stability of these compounds at the high temperatures requiredfor ('JXlIl'ElC-r tion of the present hydrocarbon feed stocks which boilat temperatures above about 300 F. Typical representative alcoholsutilizable as solvents for the extraction of naphthalene hydrocarbonsfrom hydrocarbon mixtures are the aliphatic alkanols containing from 1to about carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol,isopropanol, n-butanol, sec.-butyl alcohol, tert.-butyl alcohol, amylalcohol, isoamyl alcohol, n-hexanol, cyclohexanol, n-heptanol,n-octanol, lauryl alcohol and the various isomers thereof. The compoundsherein referred to as glycols and utilizable as solvents in the presentprocess include the polyhydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol,propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, butylene glycol, amylene glycol,glycerol, beta-methylglycerol, etc. and particularly the dihydric glycolethers, commonly referred to as the polyalkylene glycols, including, forexample, diethylene glycol, (HOCH CH OCH CH OH), triethylene glycol,[HO(CH CH O) H], tetraethylene glycol, [HO(CH CH O) H], dipropyleneglycol, tripropylene glycol, and mixed ethylene glycol-propylene glycolethers. Another class of compounds utilizable herein as solvents are thealcohol ethers of the foregoing monoand polyhydric alcohols andpolyalkylene glycols, particularly the methanol, ethanol, butanol, etc.ethers of monoand diethylene glycol, known commercially as the carbitolsand cellosolve derivatives of these glycols. These materials areselectively miscible with aromatic hydrocarbons, on a comparative basis,that is, to the straight-chain and naphthenic hydrocarbons. Thedifference in the selectivity of the solvent for aromatic hydrocarbonsand aliphatic saturated or naphthenic hyd'rocarbons may be enhanced byincorporating in the solvent composition certain limited amounts ofwater, for example, up to about 20%, and preferably up to about 10%, byweight of the solvent composition of water when enhancing theselectivity between bicyclic aromatics and non-aromatic hydrocarbons, asin the present process. The solvency may also be varied by compoundingthe foregoing alcohols, ethers and glycols into a solvent composition,for example, by mixing diethylene. glycol with diprcpylene glycol in.order to enhanee the solvency of the'..composition for thehydrocarbonmixture; without seriouslyfderogating; its selectivityfornaphthalene hydrocarbons, the quantity of hydrocarbons dissolved by thesolvent composition increasing as the proportion of glycol containingthe longer alkylene groups increases. Particularly preferredsolventcompO: sitions, for operation of the presentprocess are thosewhich contain from about 1% to about 30% by weight of dipropyleneglycol, from 2% to about.5%v by weight of. water and the balancediethylene glycol orv triethylene glycol. Also preferred for use in theextraction of naph thalene and methylnaphthalene from hydrocarbonfractions containing the same isthe solvent composition con.- sisting ofdiethylene or triethylene glycol. containing from 0.5% to about 10% by.weightof' water.
The relationship between solubility, volatility and selectivity ofvarious, aromatiehydrocarbons present in a typical feedstock utilizablein the. presentprocess, for example, a fraction boiling from about400 F.to about 500 F. of a hydroreformed gas oil fraction, based on a solventcomposition containing 98.2% diethylene glycol and 1.8% water, isillustrated by the data in the follow ing table, these data being basedon an extraction tempera: ture of 375 F. and on the basis, of thehydroreformed charge stock containing. about 20% naphthalene and about26% alphaand beta-methylnaphthalenes by weight, as a typical feed stock,and at the above values as typical of the operating temperature andcomposition of solvent. It is to be emphasized, however, that such dataare merely exemplary of typical conditions, the volatility and solvencyrelationships for the indicated aromatics being within the same rangefor other glycol solvents and the relative diiferences in theseproperties being of the same order of magnitude, regardless-of theidentity of the glycol or of the extraction conditions.
TABLE I Extraction of 400-500" F. boiling range petroleum naphtha withdiethylene glycol containing 1.8% water at 375 F.
Rel. Soly.
at Extraction Conditions B. P. Hydrocarbon Component F.,'
to be Extracted Normal Rel. Volat. in Absence of Solvent Rel. Volat. inPresence of Solvent Naphthalene a-methyl-naphthalenefl-methyl-naphthalene Monooylclic Aromatics:
fi-Oarbon atoms alkyl in alkyls 7-Oarb0n atoms in alkyls These dataindicate the feasibility of a solvent extrac? tion process forseparating naphthalene and methylnaphe thalene from a mixture ofhydrocarbons containingthem as well as the C11, C and C mono andpolyalkyl monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic parafiins. Itwill be noted from the above data that of all of the aromatics presentin the petroleum naphtha, the naphthalenes are most soluble in theglycol solvent, being, on an average, more than twice as soluble as thealkylbenzenes having boiling pointsinvthe same boiling range as thenaphthalenes. This solubility relationship permits substantiallycomplete recovery of the indicated naphthalenes in substantially pureform, free of monocyclic aromatic impurities, particularly in view ofthe boiling points of the aromatics when dissolved in the rich solvent(i. e., the relatively lesser volatility of the naphthalenehydrocarbons. in the presence of the solvent than the monocyclicaromatics). The efiect of the latter factor is to enable completevaporization of the monocyclic aromatics present in the rich solventstream formed in the extraction. column from the rich solvent: by takingoverhead from the rich solvent stripper a first vapor fractionrelatively richer in said monocyclic aromatics '(these being the lowestboiling aromatics in the presence of the solvent of all the aromaticsdissolved in the rich solvent), continuing the rich solvent strippinguntil the rich solvent is free of monocyclics, and thereafter (but onlyafter freeing the rich solvent of dissolved monocyclics) vaporizing intoa separate stripper side-cut fraction the remaining naphthalenes in ahigh state of purity. Any naphthalenes removed from the rich solventinto the vapor overhead fraction of the stripper are recovered therefromwhen the vapor overhead is recycled as a reflux stream to the lowerportion of the extraction zone. The naphthalenes thus refluxed into theextraction zone and contacted with the rich solvent stream just prior toits removal from" the extraction into the stripping zone also serve todisplace non-aromatic and monocyclic alkyl aromatic raflinate-type feedstock hydrocarbons from the rich solvent by virtue of the selectivesolubility of said naphthalenes in the solvent, these rafiinate-typecomponents thereby being displaced into the raflinate stream removedfrom the top of the extraction zone.
The above operating procedures and a fuller description of theprinciples of operation involved in the present process are furtherillustrated and described by reference to the accompanying flow diagram.
The process of the accompanying diagram is directed to a combinedsolvent extraction, rich solvent stripping and extract fractionationprocess utilizing an aqueous alkylene or polyalkylene glycol solvent ina countercurrent solvent extraction process wherein a reflux streamcomprising a relatively volatile paraffin is utilized for the purpose ofdisplacing feed stock raifinate components from the rich solvent streamformed in the extraction vessel. The feed stock, hereinbeforecharacterized, is charged into the process flow through line 1 inamounts controlled by valve 2, being transferred by means of pump 3 intoheat exchanger 4 wherein the hydrocarbon stream is heated to the desiredextraction temperature, generally to a temperature of from about 200 toabout 450 F., preferably to a temperature of from about 300 to about 400F., and thereafter charged at a pressure sufficient to maintain the feedstock in substantially liquid phase, generally, not substantially inexcess of about 300 pounds per square inch, preferably at a pressure offrom about 10 to about 150 pounds per square inch, through line 5 into acountercurrent, liquid-liquid solvent extraction zone designated asextractor 6 in the accompanying diagram, the feed being introduced at apoint in the extraction vessel between the raffinate outlet in the upperend of the column and the rich solvent outlet in the lower portion ofthe column, preferably into the midportion or middle tray of the column.Extraction vessel 6 may be of any suitable type for obtainingcountercurrent contact between the relatively more dense lean solventphase introduced into the upper portion of the column and the relativelyless dense liquid hydrocarbon phase introduced into the column below thesolvent inlet. The hydrocarbon phase accordingly rises in countercurrentflow relationship through the more dense solvent phase which flowsdownwardly through the column. The solvent which is an alkylene glycolcontaining from about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of water, is chargedat a temperature of from about 200 to about 500 F., preferably at atemperature of from about 320 to about 400 F. into extractor 6 from line7 which conveys a recycle lean solvent stream from the extract stripper,hereinafter described, at approximately the stripper reboilertemperature into the extraction zone. In order to maintain the refluxstream, solvent and feed stock in substantially liquid phase in theextraction zone and to provide the advantages of flash distillation inthe stripper and isothermal operation of the process the pressuremaintained in the extraction zone is substantially in ex cess of thepressure maintained in the stripping zone, here- 7 inafter described,and as previously indicated is preferably within the range of from about10 to about pounds per square inch, depending upon the extractiontemperature. The solvent initially introduced into the process flow andany additional quantities required to replace solvent losses are chargedinto line 7 through line 8 in amounts controlled by valve 9. As theliquid phase solvent descends through the rising stream of hydrocarbonsintroduced through line 5, it selectively extracts from the hydrocarbonstream substantially all of the aromatic components present in the feedstock. Thus, as the hydrocarbon phase flows upwardly through the c0lumnit becomes progressively leaner in bicyclic aromatic components,although richer in less preferentially dissolved alkylbenzenes, theultimate hydrocarbon residue removed from the top of the extraction zonethrough line 10, herein referred to as raflinate, consisting almostexclusively of non-aromatic and alkylbenzene hydrocarbons present in theinitial feed stock and introduced by way of the reflux stream. Theraflinate is separately treated, as hereinafter more fully described.
Although the glycol solvent selectively extracts the naphthalenecomponents of the feed stock, including its homologues, the solventnevertheless dissolves to a certain limited extent the alkylbenzenes andnon-aromatic paraffin, olefin and/or naphthene constituents also presentin the'feed stock, the non-aromatic content of the solute present in therich solvent stream being sufficient in amount to contaminate the finalproduct with an impurity (from the standpoint of being a contaminant ofthe desired naphthalenes) boiling at approximately the same temperatureas the desired aromatics. For the purpose of removing the latter, smallamount of impurity from the rich solvent stream prior to the strippingstage, a countercurrently flowing reflux stream comprising relativelyvolatile paraifins (i. e., boiling at a temperature below the initialboiling point of the feed stock) is contacted with the rich solventstream for the purpose of displacing the feed stock non-aromaticimpurities from the rich solvent with parafi'ins which may besubsequently easily separated from the rich solvent and/ or the aromaticextract as a separate and distinct fraction. As heretofore indicated,the reflux stream comprises one or more paraflinic hydrocarbons (such asa light fraction of a paraflinic gasoline) boiling below the initialboiling point of the feed stock (preferably at a temperature from about50 to about 150 F. below the feed stock initial boiling point). In theprocess utilizing, for example, a feed stock boiling from about 400 toabout 500 F., a suitable reflux paraffin may consist of a mixture ofoctanes or the octane-decane fraction of a saturated gasoline or anaphthene boiling from 10 to about 150 F. below the initial boilingpoint of the feed stock such as methylcyclohexane, dimethylcyclohexane,etc. This reflux stream which is made up largely of the light vaporoverhead from the rich solvent stripping column, as hereinafterdescribed, is introduced into extraction Zone 6 in the lower portionthereof, preferably contacting the rich solvent just prior to theremoval of the latter from the bottom of the column, the refluxhydrocarbon thereafter flowing upwardly in countercurrent relationshipto the descending rich solvent in extraction zone 6, the portion inexcess of that which replaces the feed stock raflinate solute of therich solvent joining the raffinate components of the feed stock whichleave the extraction column through line 10. In such countercurrentcontact between the reflux and rich solvent streams, the raifinate-typealkylbenzenes and non-aromatics boiling at approximately the sametemperature as the desired aromatic product are displaced from the richsolvent and their place taken by the reflux hydrocarbon which maysubsequently be readily separated from the aromatic extract product bysimple fractionation. In the illustration of the process shown in theaccompanying drawing the reflux hydrocarbon is charged into extractor 6through line 1 1 in amounts controlled by valve 12, the
As a consequence of recycling the stripper overhead,
this. stream contains, in addition to the light paraflins, a substantialproportion of the most volatile. aromatics extracted from the feedstock. These aromatics are. re dissolved in the solvent by virtue of therecycle ofv overhead to the lower portion of extraction vessel 6 as areflux stream and its contact with the solvent stream in said zone 6.That portion of the paraffin components of the reflux, however, whichdoes not enter the rich solvent stream, (i. e., the amount in excess ofthat required to displace feed stock rafflnate solute of the richsolvent), appears in the raflinate removed. from the top of theextraction vessel through line 10. These excess light paraflins aredesirably, recovered from the.
ratfinate stream for recycle into the process and for this purpose, andin accordance with the present process, they are separated and recoveredfor recycling from the eflluent raflinate stream by any suitable methodof separation. Since the paraflins. utilized herein as. reflux have aboiling point substantially below the boiling point of the feed stock, aconvenient method of separation comprises fractionally distilling thesame from the raflinate stream, although other methods of separation bymeans known to the art may also be employed. For the purpose offractionally distilling the raflinate, the latter stream is conveyed bymeans of pump 16 through line in amounts controlled by valve 17 intoline 18, through heater 19 and line 26) into raflinate, still 21, whichis generally in the form of a suitably packed or bubble tray column. Therafl'inate which is heated to a temperature above the boiling point ofthe reflux component in heater 19 flashes upon entering column 21, theflashed vapors being taken overhead through line 22, liquefied incondenser 23 to a. condensate stream removed from condenser 23 throughline 24, valve-v 25, and drained into receiver 26. A portion of theliquid condensate comprising the desired light paraflin refluxhydrocarbon is recycled to the upper section of fractionating column 21,that portion being withdrawn from receiver 26 through line 27,. divertedinto line 28. in amounts controlled by valve 29 by means of. pump 30 anddischarged through line 31 onto an upper plate of column 21 for use assaid distillation reflux. The remaining portion of the condensate inreceiver 26, com prising said light parafiin overhead of column 21 isdischarged in controlled amounts, determined by valve 32,
into light paraffin reflux recycle line 11. The high boiling bottoms orresidue of the raflinate from which the recycle reflux has been removedas overhead is. reboiled by removal from the bottom of distillationcolumn 21 through line 33, circulated through reboiler heater 34, andthe resulting vaporized portion of the bottoms returned to column 21through line 35. The, raflinate residue comprising the alkylbenzene andparaffinic, nonextracted portion of the feed stock is removedifromreboiler 34 through line 36 and valve 37 for discharge from the processflow. The non-extracted residue of the feed stock may be withdrawn fromthe process flowfor further conversion into aromatic, components byadditional reforming or permanently withdrawn from the process, asdesired.
The rich solvent. stream. formed in extraction vessel 6 and from whichthe feed" stock rafl'inate components have, been displaced. bycountercurrent contact withthe light paraflin-containing reflux in thelower portion of extraction vessel 6 is withdrawn from column 6 throughline 38 in amounts controlled by valve 39 and transferred 7 by means ofpump 40 into line41 which conveys the rich solvent into the upper,flashing section of extract stripper column 42. Stripping zone 42 is inthe form ofv a distillation column having a flash section in the upperportion and a fractional distillation section in the lower portion, thetwo sections being divided by a side-to-side pan sealed into the upperportion of the column from the distillation section below it, asillustrated by interior pan 43 in column 42. The pressure maintained inthe flashing section above pan 43 is somewhat less than the pressure onthe rich solvent stream flowing into stripping vessel 42, such that uponentering column 42 onto pan: 43, the most volatile solute components inthe rich solvent, that is, the light paraflin components, immediatelyflash from the rich solvent by virtue of the sensible; heat content ofthe rich solvent, thereby providing sub stantially isothermal strippingof the solute from the rich. solvent. Also present in the light vapors,because of their'significant (although substantially lower) vaporpressures at the temperature of the rich solvent are water vapor,substantially all of the monocyclic aromatic components in the extract,a smaller proportion of the naphthalene components extracted by thesolvent and a still smaller proportion of the solvent component which,
has the lowest vapor pressure. This relationship in the volatilities ofthe solute components is shown in the data of Table I, particularly thedata relating to the relative volatilities of the various aromatichydrocarbon feed stock components in the presence of the solvent,
the data indicating that the alkylbenzenes are, on an. average, the mostreadily vaporized components ofv the; rich solvent, naphthalene, whichis the most volatile.
bicyclic aromatic in the presence of the solvent. also constitutes asubstantial proportion of the vapor overhead;
from stripper 42, the methylnaphthalene isomers con-.
stituting the least prevalent component. It is evident,
therefore, that all of the monocyclic aromatics will. vaporize from therich solvent prior to any substantial, vaporization of the naphthalenesor, at least, constitute,
a major aromatic hydrocarbon component of the; over.- head vapor. Theseare removed from column 42 through light vapor overhead line 44, passingthrough valve 45 into condenser 46. wherein they are condensed into a.
liquid condensate which are transferred by line 47 into receiver vessel48 wherein the phase of greatest density, comprising aqueous solvent,settles from an upper hydrocarbon layer in vessel 48. The non-vaporizedportion. of the rich solvent stream accumulating on side-to-side. pan 43is removed from the primary flashing section of column 42 at a reducedpressure. (relative to the extrac tion pressure) through line 49 andvalve 50 and discharged at a somewhat lower pressure than the pressure.maintained in the primary flashing section of column 42 onto a lowertray of column 42, the vapors released isothermally from the richsolvent stream at said lower" pressure being removed from the lattersecondary flash.
zone through line 51 and valve 52 and discharged into overhead vaporline 44. The secondary flash vapors thus recovered from column 42comprise the remaining reflux paraflins contained in the rich solvent,additional steam primary flashsectionis preferably a major drop inpres.- I sure (say, one half to two-thirds of the. pressure ditferentialbetween the extraction pressure and the distillation pressure in. column42), the remaining one half to one 1 I third in the pressure drop takingplace in the secondary and subsequent flash sections, if desired.
The secondary flash vapors join the primary flash vapors in line 44,being liquefied in condenser 46 with the primary overhead flash vaporsand thereafter accumulate in receiver vessel 48 with the primary vaporoverhead. The combined hydrocarbons of the primary and secondary flashzones which separate as an upper layer in receiver vessel 48, and whichalso consist of light parafiin reflux, as well as the aromatichydrocarbons vaporized in part from the rich solvent steam aretransferred as reflux stream by means of pump 53 from receiver vessel 48through line 54 and valve 55 into line 13 for recycle into the lowerportion of extraction vessel 6 through line 11, as previously described,the light parafiins and aromatics stripped from the rich solvent invessel 42 being returned to extractor 6 for recovery of the naphthalenehydrocarbons contained in the light vapor overhead and for displacementof feed stock raffinate components in the rich solvent stream, aspreviously described. Since the aromatics in this stream are redissolvedin the rich solvent by recycle as a portion of the reflux stream intoextraction zone 6, a gradual build-up of monocyclic aromatics in therecycle into excessively large quantities of total recycle would resultunless a portion of this stream were continuously removed from theprocess flow and not recycled. For this purpose a bleed line 13acontaining valve 132), is provided as a draw-off line from recycle line13 to'remove that portion of the extract representing the alkylbenzenecomponents of the reflux recycle redissolving in the rich solvent.
The lower aqueous phase accumulating in receiver vessel 48 Whichcontains a small proportion of the monoor polyhydric alcohol sloventcomponent vaporized from the rich solvent stream in the flashingsections of strip ping vessel 42, accumulates in settling leg 56 ofreceiver 48 as a heavy liquid layer and is continuously drainedtherefrom through line 57 in amounts controlled by valve 58, into line59 for reconstituting the aqueous component of the solvent compositionprior to recycling the lean solvent to extraction vessel 6 and toprovide stripping steam in the reboiling section of column 42. Anyadditional water required for replacement of water loss andreconstitution of the lean solvent composition to its desired watercontent may be introduced into the process fiow from storage from line60 in amounts controlled by valve 61. The water thus added to thesolvent is desirably introduced into the reboiling section of column 42in the lower portion of the column, the water thus producing steam inreboiler 62 which is charged into the lower portion of column 42 as thestripping agent to remove the last traces of aromatic solute from therich solvent residue in the lower portion of the column.
The rich solvent stream, as it descends through the distillation sectionof stripper 42, is progressively stripped by means of the aforementionedsteam introduced into the reboiling section of the column tosubstantially completely remove the non-aromatic and alkylbcnzenecomponents of the hydrocarbon solute present in the rich solvent, thesehydrocarbons being withdrawn together with the stripping stream andvaporized organic solvent (such as glycol), through line 51, asaforesaid. A higher boiling side-cut fraction comprising the desirednaphthalene products of this invention is withdrawn from column 42,together with stripping steam and vaporized solvent, through line 63,liquefied in condenser 64 to form a liquid condensate which is drainedby means of line 65 and through valve 66 into side-cut receiver 67. Theliquid phase collecting in the receiver separates into a hydrocarbonphase and an aqueous, dilute solvent phase containing a greaterproportion of the glycol solvent component than the overhead in receiver48 because of the substantially higher tcmperature of vapor withdrawalof this side-cut fraction.
The hydrocarbon phase in receiver vessel 67 is made up exclusively ofnaphthalene and its homologs which normally are solids melting atrelatively high temperatures and which have a density greater thanwater. Except for the special provision herein of a parafiinic diluentof the naphthalene phase present in receiver vessel 67, the hydrocarbonsdistilled from the rich solvent and collecting in receiver 67 would forma crystalline mass of solid on the bottom of receiver vessel 67. Such asolid phase hydrocarbon would ordinarily be difficult to handle in thepresence of the less dense aqueous phase also present in the receivervessel. In accordance with the present process a volatile paraffinhydrocarbon diluent of low density is continuously maintained withinreceiver vessel 67 to dissolve and dilute the distilled naphthalenes,maintaining the naphthalenes in solution in the parafiin diluent as'aliquid layer, reducing the density of the by drocarbon phase therebybelow the specific gravity of water and maintaining the hydrocarbonphase as an upper liquid layer in the receiver vessel. For this purposeit is preferred that the amount of light paraflin, such as theaforementioned octane fraction, maintained within the receiver vessel besufiicient to provide at least 0.1 volume of light paraflin per volumeof naphthalene distillate and preferably from about 1 to l to about 10to 1 volumes per volume. The paraflin diluent is supplied to receivervessel 67 through line 68 by recycle of the same paraflin diluentdistilled from a previously recovered upper layer in a subsequentdistillation, as hereinafter more fully described. The lower aqueousphase distilled from the rich solvent in column 42 separating as a loweraqueous layer in receiver 67 collects in the dense liquid leg 69 of thereceiver vessel and is desirably decanted therefrom by continuouswithdrawal through line 70 which connects with line 57 for recycle tothe reboiling section of column 42 through line 59, into reboiler 62 tothereby form the stripping steam supplied to column 42. The loweraqueous phase also contains all of the organic solvent (such as glycol)distilled from the rich solvent as the side out fraction; by recyclingthe lower aqueous phase into column 42, the water thus returned not onlyprovides steam per stripping solute from the rich solvent, but theorganic solvent contained therein is returned to the process flow forrecycle in the system.
The diluted naphthalene layer accumulating above the aqueous phase inreceiver 67 and containing the light from through line and valve 76 intoreboiler 74 from which the resulting heated bottoms and light paraflindiluent are returned to the column through line 77 and valve 78 forfurther vaporization of paraffin diluent therefrom. The vapors of lightparafiin are taken overhead from column 73 through line 79, liquefied incondenser 80 and the resulting condensate drained into receiver 81 fromwhich it is transferred through line 82 by means of pump 83 into line 68and valve 84 for recycle into extract receiver vessel 67. It will thusbe noted that the light parafiin diluent which serves to maintain thenaphthalene extract collected in receiver vessel 67 in liquid phase iscontinuously supplied thereto in a closed circuit, being recycled to theextract receiver 67 from the overhead of extract fractionator 73 andreturned again to continu ously repeat the cycle to extract fractionator73 from which it is again vaporized and recycled to extract re ceiver67.
The bottoms from column 73 comprising the naph thalene extract fromwhich the light parafl'ln diluent has been distilled and comprising amixture of naphthalene and its homologues initially present in the feedstock is withdrawn from reboiler 74 through line 85 by means of pump 86,transferred via line 87 through valve 88 into naphthalene separationcolumn 89 for fractionation of "themixed naphthalene and homologues intoseparate components. The heat supplied for distillation andfractionation of the naphthalene mixture is supplied through reboilfer90, the bottoms from column 89 being withdrawn through line 91, valve92, heated in said reboiler 90 and the resulting vapors and heatedliquid being returned to the column through line 93 and valve 94. Themost volatile vapors fractionated in column 89 are removed as anoverhead vapor from the column through line 95, condensed to a liquidcondensate in cooler 96 and the condensate collected in receiver vessel97. This condensate which consists exclusively of naphthalene as thenaphthalene extract component of greatest volatility is essentially purenaphthalene, free of its higher homologues by virtue of thefractionation in column 89 and control of the overhead vaportemperature. This product may be withdrawn from receiver 97 through line98 and valve 99 into storage or for other disposition as a substantiallypure naphthalene product. Preferably, however, at least a portion of thenaphthalene condensate is returned as reflux to naphthalene distillationcolumn 89 by withdrawing from line 98 at least a portion of thecondensate through line 100, by means of pump 101 which discharges thenaphthalene condensate into reflux return line 102. This reflux isdesirably returned in limited amounts, controlled by valve 103, to theupper plate of fractionating column 89 to provide thereby the desireddegree of fractionation in the column.
The bottoms from the naphthalene column are transferred by means of pump104 from reboiler 94 through line 105 and valve 106 into line 107 whichconveys the bottoms of column 89 into methylnaphthalene separationcolumn 108. The methylnaphthalene in the bottoms is a mixture of itsalpha and beta isomers, which are distilled overhead from column 108through line 109 into cooler 110 which operates at a temperaturesufliciently below the boiling point, but above the melting point of thedistillate to liquefy the methylnaphthalene. The resulting liquidcondensate is withdrawn from cooler 110 into receiver 111 from whichmethylnaphthalene may be withdrawn as a product through line 112 andvalve 113. At least a portion of the methylnaphthalene condensate inreceiver vessel 111 is preferably refluxed to the uppermost. plate incolumn 108 by withdrawing a portion of the condensate from line 112 andtransferring the same by'means of pump 114 through line 115 and valve116 to said upper plate. tionati'on is introduced into the liquidbottoms of column 108, withdrawn therefrom through line 117, by meansofreboiler 118, the. heated bottoms being recycled back to column 108through line 119. The net bottoms make, comprising higher boilinghomologues of naphthalene, such as dimethylnaphthalene, etc. are removedfrom the process flow through line 120 and valve 121 for furtherprocessing, as desired.
.The solvent residue from which substantially all of the volatilehydrocarbon components have been removed by vaporization and strippingin extract stripper 42 is withdrawn from column 42 as a high boilingresidue through line 122 and Valve 123, a major proportion thereof beingrecycled to the lean solvent inlet of extract temperature, or, in theevent that the solvent residue in.
the, lower portion of stripper 42 is at a temperaure below the desiredextraction temperature, heat exchanger 126 may be a heater for raisingthe temperature of the lean solvent to thedesired extractiontemperature. In general,
Heat for the above indicated frac however, vaporization of the solutefrom the rich solvent is effected predominantly by pressure reduction,thereby providing substantially isothermal stripping ofthe rich" solventstream. The lean solvent leaving the bottom of" the stripper for recycletoextraction column 6 is usually at approximately the desired extractiontemperature and may be recycled to column 6 without heating or cooling.Pump also increases the pressure on the lean solvent recycle to theoperating pressure maintained in extractor 6, as previously described,thus restoring the pressure dilferential between extraction zone 6 andthe primary flash zone of extract stripper 42.
In the preferred operation of column 42; at least a portion of thesolvent residue accumulating in the lower.
section of the column is separately reboiled in order to generate steamwhich supplies the stripping agent for recovery of the aromaticsolute'from the rich solvent in column 42. For thispurpose a portion ofthe lean solvent residue from line 122 is withdrawn therefrom throughline 127 in an amount determined by valve 128, mixed with recycle watersupplied through line 59 by connection of line 59 with line 127, andreboiled in heater 62. The steam and hot solvent residue thus producedleave reboiler 62 through line 129 for discharge into the stripping.section of column 42, as heretofore indicated. The steam thus chargedinto the lower section of column 42reconstitutes the solvent to itsdesired selected composition for use as a lean solvent in extractioncolumn 6, steam distills the aromatic extract from the rich solvent, andreducesthe boiling point of the rich solvent. For the purpose ofmaintaining the solvent composition at its desired water content,samples of the lean solvent may be withdrawn from line 122 for analysisand adjustment in water content to the preferred selected compositionfor extraction purposes in column 6.
One of the preferred means of maintaining the glycol solvent componentin its unaltered form, that is, as aglycol of the same identity as thecomponent of the solvent composition initially charged into the processand to avoid the development of acidic and resinous or tarry by-productsin the composition, comprises main taining a blanket of an inert gasover the glycol vaporized from the rich solvent in stripping column 42and returned to the process by recycle of the lower aqueous. phases inthe various receiver vessels attached to overhead and side cut linesfrom column 42. By this means, oxygen which unavoidably leaks into thereceiving ves:- sels and ordinarily absorbed by the glycol solvent isexcluded from the system, thereby eliminating the major cause of glycoldeterioration in an extraction process utilizing glycol solvents. Asuitable means for maintaining such a blanket of inert gas over theaqueous layers in the. receiver vessels comprises introducing the inertgas,
such as nitrogen, carbon monoxide, etc. into one end of each of thereceivers and withdrawing the inert gas from the other end. Thus, inoverhead receiver vessel 48, the
inert gas is admitted into the receiver through line 128 and valve. 129,the gas flowing across the vessel, completely covering the liquidcontents of the receiver and excluding air therefrom, being withdrawnfrom the' vessel through line 130 and valve 131. in order to blanket heaqueous solvent in side cut receiver vessel 67 an inert gas inlet line132 containing valve 133 may be connected to receiver 67 and the gasvented, after passing through the receiver, through line 134 and valve135.
This invention is further illustrated with respect to several of itsembodiments in the following example, the
15 Platforming process to separate a gasoline boiling range cut from thePlatformate having an end boiling point of 400 F. The bottoms whichrepresents that portion of the Platformate product boiling above about400 F. constitutes approximately 3.5% of the total Platformate productand consists almost exclusively of aromatic hydrocarbons, including 20%by weight of naphthalene and 26% by Weight of methylnaphthalene, theremaining aromatic components comprising benzene hydrocarbons of 11, 12and 13 carbon atoms per molecule, the carbon atoms being present in oneor more alltyl side chains attached to the benzene nucleus. The originalPlatformate from which the bottoms cut boiling above 400 F. wasseparated as still residue Was prepared in a prior Platforming processby passing a mixture of a straight-run gasoline fraction having an endboiling point of 400 F. and hydrogen (utilizing a hydrogen tohydrocarbon mole ratio of 9:1) at 950 F. and at a pressure of 500 poundsper square inch over a Platforming catalyst comprising a platinumsupported on an alumina-halogen composite. The residue of the Platformedproduct Was separated by fractionally distilling the Platformingeffluent, taking overhead the aforementioned gasoline boiling rangefraction having an end boiling point of 400 F. from the bottoms residueand the latter utilized as feed stock.
The above bottoms fraction, consisting almost entirely of aromaticcomponents, is a relatively difficult feed stock from which to separateits naphthalene and methylnaphthalene components, because of its highlyaromatic character, dissolving substantially in its entirety in theusual solvent compositions selective for aromatic hydrocarbons withoutproducing a separable raflinate in which the undesired components of thefraction are concentrated. In accordance with the present process,separati n of an aromatic concentrate by solvent extraction is effectedby charging a low molecular weight paraflinic reflux stream into theextraction zone with the selective solvent and the feed stock, the lightparaffins diluting the aromatic-rich feed, reducing its viscosity, itsdensity, and its total miscibility with the solvent and enables theproduction or a naphthalene product of substantially 100% purity.
The above feed stock is charged at a temperature of 375 F., at a rate of1000 barrels per day and at a pressure of 100 pounds per square inch onthe thirtieth tray of a countercurrent solvent extraction columncontaining sixty decks. A solvent composition consisting of 98.2% byweight of diethylene glycol and 1.8% by weight of Water at a temperatureof 380 F. and at the aforementioned pressure, is charged into the top ofthe solvent extraction zone at a rate of 6500 barrels per day. A refluxhydrocarbon stream derived in part from an overhead stream of thestripping column utilized to separate the hydrocarbon solute from therich solvent stream formed in the extraction zone and in part from thelight parafiin fraction recovered from the raflinate stream of theextraction zone is charged at a rate of 1700 barrels per day into thebottom of the extraction column. Analysis of this reflux streamindicates that it is made up of approximately 850 barrels per day ofoctanes, approximately 690 barrels per day of naphthalenes, and theremainder comprises monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons stripped from therich solvent stream in the subsequent stripping zone. A raffinate streamcomprising the nonextracted components of the combined feed and refluxstreams is removed from the top of the extraction column at a rate of1100 barrels per day, the raffinate retaining only a very smallproportion of the naphthalene hydrocarbons present in the original feedstock and substantially all of the monocyclic aromatics contained in thefeed. The raflinate was diverted, after being washed with a stream ofwater to thereby recover the glycol therefrom, into a ralli'natefractionator wherein the octane components is distilled therefrom andthe latter re- 16 cycled to the reflux line leading into the bottom ofthe extraction zone.
The rich solvent stream formed in the extraction column, at atemperature of 347 F. and at the extractor pressure, that is at poundsper equare inch, is re- ,moved from the bottom of the extraction zone,heated to a temperature of 370 F. and charged into the top of a flashstripping column wherein the pressure is reduced in three stages toatmospheric pressure. In the first stage the pressure is reduced toapproximately 50 pounds per square inch, resulting in the flashdistillation of a light vapor overhead from the top plate of thestripping column which is separated from the lower plates by aside-to-side pan sealed circumferentially on the inside of the strippingcolumn. The overhead vapor at 370 F. is flashed off at a rate ofapproximately 675 barrels per day being thereafter blended with theoctane overhead from the raffinate fractionator and the combined streamrecycled as reflux to the bottom of the extractor. The overhead vaporalso contains a portion of the desired naphthalene and methylnaphthaleneas well as most of the monocyclic aromatics extracted from the originalfeed stock by the solvent. In order to prevent a build-up of monocyclicaromatics in the reflux stream, a portion of the overhead from thestripping column, amounting to the net monocyclic aromatic componentcharged into the system as fresh feed and not removed from the processin the raflinate (about 8 barrels per day) is withdrawn from thestripper overhead stream. A portion of the overhead vapors in the amountof approximately barrels per day comprises the diethylene glycol andwater components of the solvent, these being separated from the overheadvapors in a receiver vessel attached to the overhead vapor condenser,the aqueous solvent being separated by decantation from the upper layerreflux hydrocarbons, combined with other aqueous glycol condensates, andcharged into the reboiling section of the stripping column.
The rich solvent residue is continuously drained from the primary stageflashing section into a secondary flash section wherein the pressure isreduced from 50 pounds per square inch to 5 pounds per square inch, theresulting secondary flash vapors being taken off at 370 F. at a rate ofapproximately 1450 liquid barrels per day, of which 750 barrels per dayrepresents hydrocarbons comprising predominantly aromatic components,together with the remaining octanes present in the rich solvent andapproximately 700 barrels per day of aqueous glycol. The vapors arecondensed by cooling to form a two-layer liquid condensate in thereceiver vessel attached to the secondary flash condenser, the glycollayer being drained from the receiver, mixed with the overhead aqueousglycol and charged into the stripper reboiler to provide stripping steamfor the column. The hydrocarbon portion of the secondary flash overheadis combined with the hydrocarbon portion of the primary flash overheadand recycled as reflux to the extraction column. The rich solventresidue thereafter flows into the stripping section of the columnwherein the pressure on the rich solvent is reduced to atmospheric. Aresulting sidecut fraction is recovered from the stripping zone at atemperature of 374 F., the vapors comprising a mixture. of aqueousglycol and the hydrocarbon portion comprising predominantly naphthaleneand methylnaphthalenc extract. These vapors are cooled sufliciently toform a liquid condensate which is drained into a receiver vessel. Theaqueous glycol liquid layer is drained from the" bottom of the receiver,mixed with the aforementioned aqueous glycol layers, and charged intothe reboiling section of the stripping column to provide strippingsteam. A light liquid paraffin stream comprising the octane fraction(overhead) recovered from the subsequent extract fractionator andcontinuously recycled from the extract -fract'ionator in the amount of222 barrels per day is charged into the extract receiver in order tomaintain vessel.
the naphthalene ,e omponents of. the side-cut fraction in liquid phaseand to reduce the density of the naphthalene sufliciently to maintainthe hydrocarbon distillate of the extract in liquid phase as an upperlayer in the receiver The octanes completely dissolve the normally'solid naphth'alenes in the upperhy'clrocarbon'layer of the receivercontents, the resulting liquid layer being. re-
moved to an extract fractionating column for recovery of the individualcomponents, as hereinafter described.
A reboiler coil is operated as an adjunct to the stripping column,consisting essentially of a gas-fired heater into which the strippedsolvent bottoms is charged and heated to a temperature of 380 F. andinto which the aqueous solvent phases of the various receiving vesselsheretofore referred to are charged in order to generate steam suppliedto the lower portion of the stripping column for vaporization of thearomatic solute from the rich solvent residue. A lean solvent streamcontaining approximatley 1.8% water is continuously removed from thereboiler at a rate of 6500 barrels per day and pumped into-the top ofthe extraction vessel for use as selective solvent therein.
The bottoms of the extract fractionator from which the octane reflux hasbeen removed for recycle to the extract receiver is removed from theextract fractionator at a temperature of 450 F. and at a rate of 405barrels per day into a naphthalene fractionating column from which 184barrels per day of naphthalene of 99.9% purity is taken overhead at atemperature of 424 F. The product crystallizes readily, the crystalsmelting at 802 C. The bottoms fraction from the naphthalene column, at atemperature of 480 F. is charged into a methylnaphthalene separationcolumn from which an overhead fraction (B. P. 468 F.) in the amount of215 barrels per day is recovered. This fraction contains both thealphaand beta-methylnaphthalene isomers and contains approximately 1% byweight of monocyclic aro matics. A bottoms fraction is recovered fromthe methylnaphthalene tower at a temperature of 510 F. in an amountrepresenting approximately 4 barrels per day. This residue containsmonocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having about 13 carbon atoms permolecule, as well as a small proportion of alkyl naphthalenes of highermolecular weight than methylnaphthalenes.
In the above process nitrogen was charged into the overhead receiversand side cut receiver in order to blanket the surface of the aqueousglycol phase with an inert gas and thereby prevent absorption of oxygenby the glycol. For this purpose, nitrogen was bled into the receivers ata rate of 100 ft. per hour, being removed from the opposite ends of eachof the receiver vessels. In this manner the glycol was maintained in anunaltered condition for long periods of use, the glycol replacement ratebeing less than 1.5 barrels per day on the above plant.
Prior to use of the above nitrogen blanket on the aqueous glycol phase,however, the receiver vessels permitted sufiicient leakage of air intothe unit to rapidly deteriorate the glycol. It was observed that asoperation of the unit continued beyond the first day on stream, the pHof the glycol decreased rapidly, causing rapid corrosion of the steelequipment, formation of tar and loss of glycol from the unit at a rateof more than 60 barrels per day. Glycol deterioration became so rapidthat an auxiliary glycol still was required to continuously distill aslip stream of the solvent for removal of tars and degradation products.
I claim as my invention:
1. A process for recovering a naphthalene hydrocarbon from a mixturecontaining naphthalene and benzene hydrocarbons which comprisessubjecting said mixture to countercurrent contact with an aqueoussolution of solvent in which said naphthalene hydrocarbon is selectivelysoluble and selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic alcoholcontaining up to carbon atoms, an alkylene glycol, a polyalkyleneglycol, anda -glycol-ether,-.at a temperature of from about 200 F. toabout 450 and at a pressure suflicient. to maintain the mixture insubstantially liquidphase, thereby formingsa rich solvent containingsaid naphthalenehydrocarbon dissolved in'said solvent, countercurrentlycontacting the resulting .rich solvent with a liquid paraffinic refluxhydrocarbon which boils at a temperature below the boiling point of thelowest boiling naphthalene hydrocarbon in said mixture, sep arating saidrich solvent from a raffinate comprising the non-extracted portion ofsaid mixture and at least a portion of said paraflinic refluxhydrocarbon, stripping hydrocarbon extract from said rich solvent,separately recovering hydrocarbon extract from the resulting leansolvent, recycling said lean solvent to the first-mentioned contactingstep and separating a naphthalene hydrocarbon from said extract.
2. The process of claim 1 further characterized in that said solvent isan alkylene glycol.
3. The process of claim 2 further characterized in that said alkyleneglycol is an ethylene glycol.
4. The process of claim 1 further characterized in that said solvent isdiethylene glycol containing from 0.5 to about 10% by weight of water.
5. The process of claim 1 further characterized in that said solvent istriethylene glycol containing from 0.5 to about 10% by weight of water.
6. The process of claim 1 further characterized in that said mixtureboils from about 300 to about 500 F.
7. The process of claim 1 further characterized in that said paratfinicreflux hydrocarbon is an octane and said naphthalene hydrocarbon isnaphthalene and the alphaand beta-isomers of methylnaphthalene.
8. The process of claim 1 further characterized in that saidfirst-mentioned contacting step is effected at a temperature of fromabout 300 to about 400 F.
9. The process of claim 8 further characterized in that said extractstripping step is effected by reducing the pressure on said richsolvent.
10. The process of claim 1 further characterized in that the lowestboiling overhead fraction from said extract stripping step is recoveredseparately from a naphthalenerich fraction stripped from said richsolvent and said vapor overhead fraction, in admixture with saidparaffinic reflux hydrocarbon is recycled to said contacting step.
11. The process of claim 10 further characterized in that saidnaphthalene-rich fraction separately collected in said stripping step iscontinuously mixed with a light, normally liquid paraflinic diluent inan amount of said diluent suflicient to completely dissolve thenaphthalenerich fraction and maintain said fraction in liquid phase.
12. The process of claim 11 further characterized in that thediluent-naphthalene-rich mixture is continuously distilled and theseparated light parafiin hydrocarbon continuously recycled to form saiddiluent-aromatic rich mixture.
13. A process for recovering naphthalene and methylnaphthalene from ahydrocarbon fraction boiling from about 400 to about 500 F. andcontaining alkylbenzenesv of 11 to 13 carbon atoms which comprisescontacting said fraction at a temperature of from about 300 to about 400F. and at superatmospheric pressure with a solvent selectively misciblewith aromatic hydrocarbons comprising diethylene glycol containing from0.5 to about 10% by weight of water to form thereby a rich solvent and arafiinate, countercurrently contacting said rich solvent with a lightparaffin reflux hydrocarbon to thereby displace from said rich solventsaid alkylbenzenes, distilling said rallinate and recovering a recyclefraction of said light paraffin reflux, reducing the pressure on saidrich solvent to thereby flash overhead from the rich solvent residue alight hydrocarbon fraction, combining said light hydrocarbon fractionwith said light paraffin reflux re- 19 20 v. e'y'cle'," distilling the"rich solvent residue to recover a naph- References (media the file ofthis patent th alene-niethylnaphthalene extract substantially free of 1non naphthalene contaminants, and distilling said extract UNITED STATESPATENTS into a naphthalene product and a separately recovered 2,037,677Connolly et a1. Apr. 14, 1936 methylnaphthalene product. 5 2,400,802Arnold .L .May 21; 1946 14. The process of claim 13 furthercharacterized in 2,727,854 Brown et al Dec.v 20, 1955 i that said lightparaffin reflux is the octane to decane frac- 2,770,663 Grote Nov. 13,1956 v tion of a gasoline boiling range material.
1. A PROCESS FOR RECOVERING A NAPHTHALENE HYDROCARBON FROM A MIXTURECONTAINING NAPHTHALENE AND BENZENE HYDROCARBONS WHICH COMPRISESSUBJECTING SAID MIXTURE TO COUNTERCURRENT CONTACT WITH AN AQUEOUSSOLUTION OF SOLVENT IN WHICH SAID NAPHTHALENE HYDROCARBON IS SELECTIVELYSOLUBLE AND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AN ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLCONTAINING UP TO 10 CARBON ATOMS, AN ALKYLENE GLYCOL, A POLYALKYLENEGLYCOL, AND A GLYCOL ETHER, AT A TEMPERATURE OF FROM ABOUT 200*F. TOABOUT 450*F. AND AT A PRESSURE SUFFICIENT TO MAINTAIN THE MIXTURE INSUBSTANTIALLY LIQUID PHASE, THEREBY FORMING A RICH SOLVENT CONTAININGSAID NAPHTHALENE HYDROCARBON DISSOLVED IN SAID SOLVENT, COUNTERCURRENTLYCONTACTING THE RESULTING RICH SOLVENT WITH A LIQUID PARAFFINIC REFLUXHYDROCARBON WHICH BOILS AT A TEMPERATURE BELOW THE BOILING POINT OF THELOWEST BOILING NAPHTHALENE HYDROCARBON IN SAID MIXTURE, SEPARATING SAIDRICH SOLVENT FROM A RAFFINATE COMPRISING THE NON-EXTRACTED PORTION OFSAID MIXTURE AND AT LEAST A PORTION OF SAID PARAFFINIC REFLUXHYDROCARBON, STRIPPING HYDROCARBON EXTRACT FROM SAID RICH SOLVENT,SEPARATELY RECOVERING HYDROCARBON EXTRACT FROM THE RESULTING LEANSOLVENT, RECYCLING SAID LEAN SOLVENT TO THE FIRST-MENTIONED CONTACTINGSTEP AND SEPARATING A NAPHTHALENE HYDROCARBON FROM SAID EXTRACT.
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2024-03-22
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1956-11-15
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1959-03-17"
}
|
US-65664623-A
|
Radiator cap
June 30, 1925. V 15 4 017 Ci. K. M CORD ET AL V RADIATOR CAP Filed. Aug.10. 1925 INVENT'OR; 'MJMaCordf BYJL'I J'chw 22w 25 ATTORNEYS PatentedJune 30, 1925.
UNITED STATES PATENT GEORGE KETCHUM IJIGCORD AND HORACE HER-MANSCHKVARK, CF FORT WlilRTI-l',
TEXAS.
RADIATOR CAP.
Application filed August 10, 1923. Serial No. 656,646.
To all whom it may concern-:-
Be it known that we, GEORGE KETOHUM MoCoRD and Hermon I-TJERMANSorrwARK, citizens of the United States, and residents of Fort Worth, inthe county of Tar-rant and State of Texas, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Radiator Caps, of which the following is a.specification.
This invention relates to radiator caps especially adapted for use onautomobile radiators.
Briefly stated an important object of this invention is to provide aradiator cap having simple means whereby to maintain a flow of airthrough the upper portion of the radiator so as to carry oil the heatand thereby maintain the water in the radiator cool at all times.
A further object is to provide a radiator cap of the character specifiedwhich may be conveniently applied to a radiatorwithout altering theconstruction of the radiator and without marring the appearance ofthesame and which may be cheaply manufactured.
Other objects and advantages will be apparent during the course of thefollowing description.
In the accompanying drawing forming a part of this application and inwhich like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout thesame,
Figure 1 is a. perspective of the improved radiator cap applied.
Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view through the same, the view alsoillustrating a pair of closures embodied in the invention and which maybe employed in cold weather. In the drawing wherein for the purpose ofillustration is shown a preferred embodiment of the invention thenumeral 5 designates a more or less cylindrical cap, the lower portionof which is effect as indicated at 6 to define an attaching portion 7.The attaching portion 7 is interiorly screw threaded for engagement withthe upstanding portion 8 of a radiator 9 of any desired construction. Itis understood, of course, that the attaching portion 7 is of a size tocorrespond to the size of the upstanding portion 8 of the radiator.
In carrying out the invention the cap 5 is provided in opposite sideswith air inlet and outlet funnels 10 and 11 respectively. The tunnel 10is uniformly enlarged toward its inlet end and may be formed integralwith, or it may be secured in any suitable manner to the cap 5.
Figure 2 illustrates that the portion of the air inlet funnel 10 withinthe cap is eX- tended downwardly in an inclined plane for i directingthe air into the cap and into con tact with'the curved inlet elbow 14 ofthe the outlet funnel ll and the heated air is' discharged to theatmosphere. Figure 2 illustrates that a baffle 16 is extended across thebottom of the elbow l t and an opening 18 is provided in one side of theelbow 1 L forthe admission of the heated air. The baille l6 prevents thesplashing of water through the discharge funnel 14 and it will be seenthat the opening 18 faces one side wall of the cap and in fact it mightbe said to be adjacent the side wall opposite the air inlet funnel 10 sothat the air cannot pass through the cap without first coming intocontact with the water.
As the outlet end of the funnel 10 projects beyond the side wall of thecap and terminates adjacent the center of the cap splashing of waterthrough the funnel 10 is prevented. Also the air moving in the directionindicated by the arrow will prevent water from passing out through thefunnel 10.
In use the cap is applied to the radiator and the constant circulationof air through the cap and the adjacent portion of the radiator isprovided for so that the overheat ing of the radiator and the watertherein is prevented.
In winter the funnels may be closed by caps 23 and 2% so that the waterin the radiator. is prevented from freezing and so that an anti-freezingliquid such as alcohol cannot evaporate rapidly.
Attention is directed to the fact that the funnels 10 and 11 not onlyform air passages but also constitute bars or handholds by means ofwhich the cap may be manually turned so that the same will be securelyheld in place.
It will be seen that a comparatively large volume of airpasses throughthe radiator cap but this air does'not in anyway agitate the water inthe neck of the radiator. For this reason the air which is dischargedfrom the device is not laden with an excessive amount of vapor whichwould condense on the hood of the automobile and on the windshield. Bypassing a comparatively large volume of air through the cap withoutagitating the water the heat extracted from the radiator by the air willbe taken up by the air, but the air which is discharged from the capwill remain comparatively dry. If
the water were agitated by the airthe air discharged from the devicewould carry with it a rather high percentage of water vapor.
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is 1. A radiatorcap comprisinga body having means whereby the same may be secured to theneck of a radiator, and an air inlet funnel securedto said-bodyand-having a discharge end terminating adjacent the center of thebody,there being an outlet mem-' ber arranged in the path oftravel of the airentering the body whereby the force of the air is broken and whereby theair is prevented'from agitating the water in the radiator cap.
2. A radiator cap comprising a body having means whereby the same may besecured to a radiator, an air inlet funnel secured to said body andhaving a discharge end terminating adjacent the center of the body, andan air outlet funnel secured to said body and having an inlet elbowarranged adjacent the discharge end of the air inlet funnel and arrangedin the patlr of travel of the air from the funnel to break the force ofthe air entering the body. v 3. A radiator cap having oppositelyarranged air inlet and air outlet funnels flared toward their outerends, said air outlet funnel being provided with a discharge elbowextending. downwardly and having an opening in the side thereof, saidair inlet funnel terminating adjacent the center of the body anddischargingthe air onto said elbow, said funnels constituting attachingarms, and a baflle secured to the lower portionol said elbow andarranged in an approximately horizontal position. i
et. A radiator cap having oppositely arranged air inlet and air outletfunnels flared toward their outer ends, said air outlet fun.-
nel being provided with a discharge elbow extending ClOWIlWflFClllY andhaving an opening in the side thereof, said air-inlet funnel terminatingadjacent the center of the body and discharging the air onto said elbowwhereby the force of the air. is broken by said elbow, said funnelsconstituting attaching'arms, and a battle secured to the lower portionof said elbow and arranged-in an approximately horizontal position, andclosures for said funnels.
GEORGE KETGHUM MCooRn HORACE HERMAN SCHWABK.
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2024-03-22
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1923-08-10
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1925-06-30"
}
|
US-364035D-A
|
pebktns
(No Model.)
B. OEHRLE & J. R. PERKINS.
GRATE.
B Patented May 31, 1887.
,to avoid the expense of drilling and of the interlock therewithdirectly, dispensing thus UNIT D STATES FFICE.
ATENT GRATE.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 364,035, dated May 31,1887.
Application filed December 16, 1886. Serial No. 221,146 (No model.) 7
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it know that we, EMANUEL OEHRLE and JAMEs R. PERKINS, of Omaha, inthe county of Douglas, State of Nebraska, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Rocking Grates, of which the following is herebydeclared to be a full, clear, and exact descrip tion, sufficient toenable others skilled in the art to make anduse the same.
Our invention relates to that class of grates employed in boiler andother furnaces wherein the grate is made up of several bars or sectionsarranged side and side in even plane to sustain the fuel, such barsbeing rocked or otherwise shifted to break the clinker or fuel matt andclear the fire of ashes and refuse.
Heretofore rocking grate-bars have ordinarily been made with thedependent driver for the bar cast in one piece therewith, or, ifseparate, then secured to the bar by bolt-and-nut fastening, whichlatter device has also been the customary expedient for connecting theseries of drivers to the drivingbar. Should any defect exist either inthe grate-bar or the driver, both must be discarded if cast together. Ifseparately made, each can be removed and replaced at will, but thedrilling and fitting necessary in the use of the bolt-and nut fasteningrenders the use of this device tedious and troublesome.
In some instances the drivers were detachable from the rocking bars andwere made to with the drilling and with the bolt-and-nut fasteningsusually employed; and for like purpose the connecting-bar common to theseries of dependent drivers has also been made to directly lock with anddetach from the drivers,
bolt-fastenings. Our improvements pertain more especially to devices ofthis class wherein the grate-bars, dependent d rivers, and the conmeeting-bar are separate and are capable of being directly joined andset up in position without drilling and without the use ofboltfastenings.
The nature ofthe invention will fully appear from the followingspecification thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,forming part of the same, injvhich like lettersof reference denote likeparts of structure throughout.
Figure 1 is a plan view of a portion of a grate embodying ourimprovements. Fig. 2 is a front elevation thereof; and Fig. 3, a sideelevation, partly in section, on line' mm, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a sectionalview in detail, showingthe position of the grate-bars when rocked intoinclined position.
Conveniently mounted at the front and back of the fuel-chamber of thefurnace are the bearers A, A and A respectively, which extend along thechamber and furnish supports at suitable intervals for the journals orpivots of the series of grate-bars B. One of the bearers, as at A", iscast entire with the holes or bearings therein ready to receive thejournals of the grate-bars. The other bearer, as at A A, is dividedlongitudinally, as shown, each section thereof being provided with partseats to inclose the corresponding journals, of the grate-bars. By thisprovision the bearers A and the lower division, A, of the other bearermay be secured in place within the furnace-walls, and the series ofgrate-bars, or any thereof, set up or removed at will by slipping theopposite journals into the seats in the bearers A and A, designed toreceive them, after which the upper section of the divided bearer may bemounted in place and securely bolted to its companion section, as at a,thus furnishing a quick and convenient means for replacing defectivegrate-bars when desired, at the same time that such bars are firmly heldin position within the fuel-chamber.
A side bar, A supported at each end of the fuel-chamber, engages theabutting end of the front and back-bearers to keep the same in positionand yet allow for the necessary expansion of the grate-bars under theinfluence of the furnace heat. The side bars, A, arefurnished withprojecting fuel-points, which intermesh with the correspondingfuel-points projecting from the sides of the grate-bars B.
The grate-bars B, next to theirjournal end b,are furnished with enlargedbosses or collars b, to ride against the front and back bearers and toallow the gratebars to rock easily about their pivots withoutinterference. The body of each grate-bar B is provided with fuel tips orprojections at each side of the bar and intermeshingwith the companiontips of the grate-bar next adjacent. The long slots or inlets c areformed through each of the gratebars B for the admission of a freesupply of air to the fire, and serving, also, thereby to cool Extendingacross the flanged lower portions of each barB isalateral pin, (1, castin one piece with the bar and its flanges and designed to receive andsustain thehooked head or end of the drivers D. The drivers D arepreferably bifurcated or forked, as shown at f", Fig. 4, in the upperportion thereof, so as to pass snugly between the flanges of thegrate-bars B, whereby the drivers are firmly sustained in place.
By inserting the forked head or end of the driver D between the ribs ofthe grate-bar B, with the hooked slot of the driver face uppermost, thedriver may then be drawn along until such slot engages with the pin d,whereupon the driver D may be forced in and turned about the pin (I;thus bringing said driver upright beneath the grate-bars, as shown bythe drawings. By thus providing the driver and grate-bar with theinterlocking device described these parts may be secured firmly togetherwithout the use of bolts and nntsor the need of drilling and fittingholes for the same, which latter is a troublesome and annoyingoperation. end, is provided with an elongated opening, 0, of sizesufficient to receive the driving-bar E when the same is insertedflatwise through such opening. At the upper side each opening e ispreferably made of bevel-face, as at 70, to direct the driving-bar E andto allow. for its ready insertion through the opening 6 of the driver.The series of drivers D having been mounted in position beneath thegratebars B, as already described, the driving-bar Eis thrust endwise,flat face down, through the openings 0 of the series of drivers D,andthen by a quarter-turn is interlocked with each driver, said drivingbarthus standing in vertical position,with the notchesf therein seatedwithin the rests or bearings m formed at the lower ends of the driversD. The upper ex ternal face of each indent or notch 7 next in contactwith the bevel-edge 7c is conveniently curved in outline from the rest mas a center, so as to insure a snug bearing between the connecting-barand drivers during the operation of shaking the grate, thus preventinglost motion and rickety play between the parts. By this means thedriving-bar is connected simultaneously with all of the drivers, and maybe easily disconnected therefrom, thus avoiding the need of the usualbolts or rivets, as heretofore employed. A link, g, connects the outerend of the driving-bar E with the handlever H, pivoted, as at h, to thebracket I. By actuating the hand-lever H the driversD will cause thegrate-bars to rock back and forth about their pivots 1) far enough topermit the escape of the ashes from the grate-bars into the pit below atthe same time that the clinker is loosened, and may be withdrawn by theuse of a hooked poker or like tool.
Each driver D, near its lower.
In burning straw, shavings, or other like refuse requiring the freeadmission of an in creased volume of air it is only necessary to reversethe grate-bars B to inclined positlon,
as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, in which relation such bars willfurnish suflieient support for the light fuel, and at the same time willadmit the air in volume sufiicient to accomplish complete and rapidcombustion. It will be noted that the lugs n, extending from the sidebars, A, cause said bars to be maintained at a distance from the wallsof the furnace, so that ventage is furnished for the incoming air inaddition to that supplied by the ports a. The side bars, A", arefurnished with a shoulder, Y, next against the bearer A, so that theparts of such bearer are better-retained in place, and thus underexpansion do not impede the free rotation of the gratebars about theirpivots b.
It will be understood that the several details of structure heretoforeset forth may be varied without'departing from the spirit of theinvention, which is not confined to such details, but should beunderstood to include the equivalents thereof.
Having thus described the invention, what we claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-
1. The combination, with the rocking gratebar and its dependent flange,having lateral pin thereon, of the hook-headed driver detachablyinterlocking with said pinand retained between the dependent flanges ofsaid rocking bar, substantially as described.
2. The combination, with the rocking gratebar and its dependentflange,having lateral pin thereon, of the bifurcated hook-headed driverdetachably interlocking with said pin and retained between the dependentflanges of said rocking bar, substantially as described.
3, The combination, withthe rocking gratebars and with the driversdependent therefrom, having an elongated opening and a seat or rest inthe lower part thereof, of the conneeting-bar common to said driversinsertible endwise through such opening, and provided with a series ofi'ndents or notches to detachably interlock with said seats,substantially as described.
4. The combination, with the rocking gratebars, of the front and backbearers to receive EMANUEL OEHRLE. JAMES R. PERKINS.
Witnesses:
J. A. \ViLLIAMs, W. H. KUECK.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1887-05-31"
}
|
US-1909504655-A
|
Accounting system.
W. J GRUMPTON. ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.
APPLICATION FILED JUNE28,1909.
c 1 Q Inventor awwb & 7710 Lha/m/J Grwmpfo; z
A ttor'rwza W. J. ORUMPTON.
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.
APPLICATION TILED JUNE 2a,19o0.
Patented Aug. 4, 1914 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
Inventor W m J dra/mpzorl/ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
. 1 WILLIAM J. CRUMPTON, OF EVANSTON, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS, TO WILLIAM R. HEATH, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK. 1
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Aug. 4, 1914.
Application filed June 28. 1909. Serial No. 504,655.
Systems, of which the following is a full,-
clear, concise, and enact description, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of this'specification.
My invention relatesto improvements in accounting systems and hasparticular referencev to a system for accounting the time and wages. ofworkmen and also for distributing the wages between a plurality ofMethods have previously been employed by which the accounting registersare actuated directly by electromagnetic actuating devices. In thepresent invention I provide electromagnetic means by which the registersmay be brought into mechanical connection with a source of power, thissource pref- .erably consisting in a rotating shaft.
the present application, I
It is evident that two general methods might be used to accomplish thedesired result: First, the speed of the rotating shaft or shafts couldbe made constant and the accounting registers brought into mechanicalconnection with the shafts for a length' of time proportional to theamount which it is desired to actuate the registers; in which case thetotal operating period may be divided into operating increments of vfixed length and variable number, or vice versa; second, the registerscouldbe brought Into mechanical connection with the shafts for a fixedlength of time, and the speed of the various shafts could be regulatedaccording to the amounts which it is desired to actuate the registers ina given. time. In shall describe means by which the first of thesegeneral methods may be carried into execution.
The general system of controlling electrical circuits used in thepresent invention is much the same as that employed in my copcndingapplication, Serial No. 437,809 filed June 11, 1908, the presentimprovement consisting in providing driving apparatus and apparatus forconnecting the registers with said driving apparatus which as here shownconsists of a series of shafts driven at constant speed for a length oftime proportional to the time Which an individual workman is employed orproportional to the amount of wages which he earns.
The advantages of my invention will be more apparent by reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1' isa diagrammaticrepresentation of my system as a whole, Fig. 2 is a plan view oftheelectromagnetic clutch actuating mechanism, and Fig; 3 is a sectionalview on the line 33 of 2.
In order that the operation of my system as a whole may be more clearlyunderstood, I will first describe the detailed construction of theelectromagnetic mechanism w ich actuates the clutch by means of whichthe accounting register is connected wit a mechanical source of power,for example, a
shaft. i
Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, 1 and 2 are the windings of an electromagnethaving cores 3 and 4 respectively, these cores being rigidly attached tothe frame 5 by means of the screws 6 and 7 respectively. On these endsthe cores 3 and 4 are connected by means of the magnetic yoke 8.Attached to the yoke 8 by means of the screw 9 is a permanent magnet 10,formed at its free end into the semicircular portion 10*. The worki ngends of the cores 3 and 4 are formed intoinembers 11 and 12 which, asshown in Fig. 2, have their faces parallel and opposite to each other.
'A shaft 13 of non-magnetic material passes through the members 11 and12 which act as bearings for the shaft, lateral movement of the samebeing prevented by means of collars 14 and 15. A clutch 16 is mounted onthe shaft 13 between the members 11 and 12. A key 17 is securely mountedin the shaft 13 and loosely fits in a keyway 18 in the clutch 16. It isthus evident that lateral movement of the clutch 16 .is possible betweenthe collars 14 and 15, mounted on the shaft 13 but the clutch 16 cannotbe rotated with respect to the shaft 13 itself. The clutch 16 is dividedinto two lateral portions, first, an idler portion 19 on the outer sideof which is the flange 20: and second a portion 21 which is providedwith two teeth 22 diametrically opposite to each other. A flange 23similar to the flange 20 is provided on the outer side of the portion21. A register 24 is securely mounted 'on conductor 11 at the p int '12.
the member 12 and held in position by the screw bolts 25 and nuts 26.which pass through suitable projections from the register 24 and themember 12. Rigidly mounted on the actuating shaft 27 of the register 24is a gear 28 which, when the clutch 1G is moved to the right, as shownin Fig. 2, against the collar 15, would be adapted to engage the teeth22 on the portion 21 of the clutch 16. On theother hand, when the clutch16 is moved to the left against the collar 14, the gear 28 would heopposite the idler portion 19 of the clutch member 16, and would,therefore, not be rotated by the rotation of the clutch member.
The operation f this device may now be clearly nnderstoo The shaft 13may be constantly rotated at a predetermined speed. Let us now assumethat it is desired to actuate the'register 2-t. The windings 1 and 2 areenergized and the pole members 11 and 12 -are given a polarity whichwill attract the clutch 16 to'the right against the coliar 15 as theshaft 13 rotates, the gear 28 will be mo'-'ed two steps, on account ofthe actuation the two teeth 22 of the clutch 16, on each rotation of theshaft 13. \Vheu it is desired to disconnect the clutch from the gear 28.the polarity of the poles 11 and 12 is reversed and the clutch 1G isthereby attracted to the left against the collar 14. The portion 10 ofthe permanent magnet 10 causes a permanent magnetism in the clutch 16 ofsuch nature that the attraction or repulsion of the clutch by the poles11 and 12 is brought about.
'8 now turn to the operation of .a system as awhoha as illustrated inFig. 1. lligidly m unted on a shaft 29 are the 1mpulse making disks ofelectrically conduce ing mater al 30. 31, and d-l. The disk 30 isprovided with an insulating segment 34 andthe disk 31 has an insulatingsegment 35, the insulating s gment 35 of tlxe disk 31 w upyiu a relativeposition slightly overlapping the windurting portion of the disk 30. uinsulating section lit is placed on the shaft 20 lwtwcon'the disks 31and 32. The disk 32 has an insulating segment. 37 in the same rclatireposition as the segment I?! of the disk {-20, and the disk 33 has aninsulatingsegment 558 in the same. relative 'iosition astl-c insulatingsrgmcnt 35 of the disk 31. (J nner-toil to one pole of a battery 33!) ia rm lilttnr lll which joins a sr ond One end of the'comluctor 41 conncted to the brush which bears on the periphery of the disk 2'10. 'lheother end of the conductor 41 is connected to the brush 44- whichbears,- on the periphery of the disk A comluctor 47 is connected to thesecond pole of the battery .39 on one end, and on the. other end isronnected to the brush 46 which bears on the pc- 1.
lllll'ltl'y llf the disk 32.. A conductor -17 leads from the conductor45 to the brush 48 which bears on the periphery of the disk 31. Rigidlymounted on the shaft 29, and in electrical connection with the impulsemaking disks 32 and 33, are the rate disks 49, 50, 51 and 52. Thesedisks are provided with insulating segments 49 50, 51 and 52. whichinsulate clitt'erent lengths of the peripheries of the disks 49, 50, 51and 52 respectively. Hearing on the periphery of each disk is a brush 53which is connected by means of a conductor 54 with the contacts of aseries of jacks. The jacks associated with the rate disk 49 arerepresented as 55; lhcse associated with the disk 50, as 56; with thedisk 51. as 57; and with the disk 52, as 58. As will be explained morein detail hercafteigrach of these series of disks represents apredetermined rate of wages.
Rigidly mounted on suitable frameworks are the segmented selectingcommutators 59 and 60. Rigidly mounted on a shaft 61 are the brushholders 62 and (3 holding the brushes (Hand 65 which are adapted tosimultaneously make contact with the corre sponding segments of theselecting commu tators 59 and 60. Also rigidly mounted on the shaft 61is a gear 66 insulated from the selecting comniutators 59 and 60 bymeans of an insulating section (37 on the shaft 61. Rigidly mounted onthe shaft 29 is the disk 68 provided with the tooth 69 adapted tocooperate with the gear 66. The (llr-l( 6S is,insulated from the disks40, 550, 51 and 52 mounted on the same shaft by means of the insulatingsection 69 of the shaft 20. it is now clear that as the shaft 29 isrotated one revolution. the tooth 69 of the disk 69. will cause the gear66 to be adra need z nc step.
The selecting commutators 59 and 60 are composed of alternatingconducting segments 70 and insulating segments 71, these segments beingso spaced that when the gear 66 is advanced one step, the brushes 64 and65 will he moved from one conducting segmeat to the next adjacentconducting seg ment. The number of these conducting segments correspondsto the number of workmen whose time and wagcscan be accounted for bythis system.
In Fig. 1. it has been assumed that six workmen, A. B, C, D, E and F arecmnloyed and the conducting. segments have been correspondinglydesignated according to these letters. To each of the conductingsegments ofthe selecting commutator 60 is connected a conductor 72,thcse conductors terminating in plugs a, b, c, I, c and f rcspcctivcly,these plugs adapted to be"inserted in any of the jacks, 55, 56, 57 or58, according to the rate of'wages which is assigned to any particularworkman.
Attached to each of the conducting segments of the selecting commutator59 is a conductor 73 which passes to a switch 74. A conductor 75connects the switch 74 with the electron'iagnetic device operating theclutch mechanism associated with a time register, as, f or example. TA,this electromagnetic device being the same as that illustrated in detailin Figs. 2 and 3. The conductor 76 lead rom the time register TA to theClllttfll actuating mechanism of the corresponding wage register, as WA.A conductor 77 leads from the latter clutch actuating mechanism to aplug, these plugs being designated respectively a, I2 0, d. c, and f.for the different workmen. Conductors 73, similar to the conductorconnecting the conducting segment of the selecting comnnr tutor 59 withthe clutch actuating mechanism of the register TA. connect the ments B,(l. D, E and F, with corresponding time registers TP TC. TD, TE and TF.and conductors 70. similar to the conductor connecting the clutchactuating mechanisms of the registers TA and WA, connect the clutchactuating mechanism for the registers TB. TC, TD. TE and TF with thecorresponding clutch actuating mechanisms for the wage registers WB.\YC, 1V1). WE and VVF. The plugs a. 7;, c, a". e and f are mounted in aflag-scat fram. 7S. and when the plugs are in the plug-seats. they forma connection with the c nductor 79 which leads from the plug seat frameto the clutch actuating mechanism associated with the a wage registerWW. Associated with thi plugs a 7), d c. and are a series of jacks, j,1' 7' j, j" and j'f, each of these series representing a single job. Aconductor 80 leads from each series of jacks to the clutch actuatingmechanism of its associated job register, the job registers il J J, J, Jand J being thus l'n'ought into onnection with the series of jacks j. I.j. j. j" and j" respectively. A oi'u'luctor 81 leads from the clutchactuating mccl'ianisiu associated with the job registers between aclutch actuating mechanism associated with the total job register JT. Aconduct r leads from the clutch actuating n'mchanisui of the total wasteage register VFW to the point 83 where it joins the condoctor 8 1leading from the clutch actuating mechanism associated with the totaljob register .11 to the clutch actuating mechanism associated with thetotal wage register 'T. A. conductor leads from the clutch actuating;lilitllttnlelll associated with the total wage register WT to apolarized clutch mechanism 80. the purpose of which will be describedhereafter. Kt conductor87 leads from the clutch actuating)" mechanism 86to a portion of the shaft 39 which is in electrical r 'ni'ut'ticn withthe di-=l s 30 and 31. Bigidiy n'iounted on the shaft 29 is the gear 88.in cngagcincut with this gear and adapted to y be actuated thereby is agear 89 rigidlv mounted on a shaft. 90.
Between the shaft 90 and the shaft 91 which is in line therewith, aclutch 92 operated by means of an arm 93 connected with the armature 94which is actuated by the electromagnetic mechanism 86. Rigidly mountedon the shaft 91 is a disk 95 provided with two notches 90 diametricallyopposed to each other.
The armature 94 is provided with a tooth 97 which is adapted to fit intoeither one of the notches 96. If the tooth 97 is not in one of tlnnotches 90. the periphery of the disk 95 serves to hold the upper partof the armature 94-, as shown in Fig. 1. to the right thereby causingthe clutch 92 to stay in engagement and the shaft 91 is rotated with theshaft 90 until the tooth 97 has an opportunity tocngage in one of thenotches 9(3.
Rigidly mounted on the shaft 91 are the bevel gears 98 and 99. In meshwith the bevel gear 98 are the bevel gears 100 and 101. rigidly mountedon the shafts 102 and 103 respectively. 'Mou'nted on. the shaft 102 arethe laterally slidable clutches 10 operated by the electromagneticclutch actuating mechanisms associated with the registers Vl), \VE. T.J, J and J. Slidably mounted on the shaft 103 is a similar clutch 16operated by the electromagnetic clutch actuating mechanism associatedwith the register \VT. Similarly the bevel gears 104 and 105 are in meshwith the bevel gear 99. and are rigidly mounted, on the ends of theshafts 100 and 107 respectively. The clutches 10 associated with theregisters A, 'B C. J. J" and J 3 are slidably mounted on the shaft 100and the clutches 10 associated with the registers WV and JT, areslidably mounted on the shaft 107. 7
An intermittent gear 108 is rigidly mounted on the shaft 29, the portion109 of its periphery carrying teeth adapted to engage with the gear 110rigidly mounted on the shaft 111. The portion 109 of the gear 108 hassufficient number of teeth to cause the gear 110 to be rotated one-halfof a revolu lion ach time that it is brought into engagement with thegear 110 by the rotation of the shaft 29. R-igidly mounted on the shaft111 are the bevel-gears 112 and 113. In mcsh with the bevel gear 112 isthe bevel gear 114, rigidly mounted on the end of the shaft 115.Slidably mounted on the shaft 115 are the clutches 10 associated withthe time. registers TD, DE and Th respectively. In mesh with the bevelgear 113 is the bevel gear 110 rig idly 'inounted on the end of theshaft 117. ()n the shaft 117 are slidably mounted the clutches 16associated with the time egisters TA. TB and TC respectively.
The operation of my system may now be clearly understood. The timeactuated shaft 29 is caused to revolve by suitable mechanism. While thebrush 46 is in contact with the conducting portion of the impulse makingdisk 32, it will be. evident that the current will pass from thenegative pole of the battery 39 through the conductor 45, the brush 46and the disk 32 to the shaft 29. Let usnow assume that the brush comesin contact with the conducting portion of the disk 49. The current willtherefore passthrough this disk and the conductor 54 to the terminalsassociated with the jacks 55. Let us now assume that the plugs a, l, c,1], e and f are all inserted in the jacks 55; it now evident that thecurrent will suceessivel pass through the conductors 72 associate withthese plugs to the conducting segments A, B,- C. D. E and F of theselecting commuta tor 60. The current passes through the brush 65, thebrush holder 63, the shaft 61, the brush holder 62 and the brush 64 tothe corresponding conducting segments of the selecting conunutah r 50,as shaft 61 is. rotated. Let us ElrSlllllO that the brushes (A and 65are brought'into contact with the roitdurtinev segments A; the currentwill tier. pass th ough the conductor 73 and the switch 7!- to theclutch actuating mechanism associated with the time register TA and theclutch 10 will be brought into engaguncut with the gear 28 of the timeregisicr TA.
By means of the gear 108 and the por tir-ns 10 ofits periphery, theshaft 111 will he rotated a half revolution during the time while thebrushes (it and 65 remain in contact with the conducting segments andthe time register TA will thereby be advaiu'ed one step. The currentpasses through the conductor 76 to the clutch actuating mechanismassociated with the wage register WA. Tt is clear that the rlutrh it;will remain in engagement with the 'rear 28 of this rrgi trr as long asthe lu-u-h 5 remains on the conducting por titi f the rate dish 1-. Theshaft 91 is Leia rotated as long as the brush to re mains in ('L'liillllwith the m'uid u'tiu z portio ot' th impulse making disk 32. and it h.therefore evident that the wage reg ter WK will be aetuatel an amountcorre ponding to the 1n'edeterminrd rate of wages represent d by theperipheral length of the con-- ducting portion of the dish 49. Thecurrent tlirouqh the conductor 77 and if the plug: a i in its plus seat.the curr nt passes through the ronduclo" 7? to the clutch uctu sting mchanism assoriatcd with the waste wage r ghtrr Vill and the clut h 16remains in eu'zagcmeut with the great 29 of this l'UIlriPT' exactly thesame length of time that the gear Ht assm-iated with the wage registerVA remains in engagement with the gear "28 of the latter register. Thecurrent passes through the ("induct r 2 and the conductor M to theclutch actuating me hanism associated with the t tal wage register WTand the clutch 16 is similarly brought into engagement with the gear :28of this register. The current then passes through the conductor 85 tothe windings of the electromagnetic clutch 7o actuating mechanism 86which serves to hold the armature 94 in a position by which the clutch92 causes the shafts 90 and 91 to rotate together. From the electromagnetic actuating mechanism 86 the current passes through the conductor 87to the shaft 29. then through the conducting portion of the disk 30, thebrush 43, and the conductors 41 and 40 back to the positive pole of thebattery 39, thereby completing an the circuit.
h" the plug (1 instead of remaining in its plug seat is inserted in anyof the jacks associated with the job registers, as, for example, j, thecurrent will pass through the conductor 80 to the clutch actuatingmechanism associated with the job register 1 and will came the clutch 16to be brought into engagement with the gear 28 of this register forexactly the same time that the clutches 16 are brought into engagementwith the gears .28 of the registers TA and WA. The current then passesthrough the conductor 81 to the clutch actuating mechanism associatedwith the total job register 95 JT. and the clutch 1671s held inengagement with the gear 28 of this register; The cur rent then passesthrough the conductor 84 and through the same path which has just b endescribed back to the positive pole of we the battery 39.
It is evident from this description that the time and wage registersassigned to the various workmen A, B, C. D, E and F will. i hsuccessively actuated and the job reg-"10a isters which are brought intoelectrical connection with the various wage registers, may besimultaneously actuated. The actuation of the various wage and jobregisters are ali successively made in the total registers in) WW or JTand NT so that the gears 28 of these registers are brouzht intoengagement with the corresponding clutches for a time which is equal tothe sums of the time the individual wage or job registers 11:; are soconnected.
From the foregoing description it is clear that although means areprovided for bringing the clutches into engagement with the gears of thevarious registers, no means 12 are provided by which the clutches are removed from engagement. In order to accomplish this result an independentset of windings is provided for all of the clutch actuating mechanismsof the registers. The conductor 118. connectedWith the conductor H7 atthe point H9, is connected with indeper-dent windings on the polarizedelectromagn tic merlumism 86. Conductors 120 connect independentwindings of all of the clutch actuating mechanisms in series, and theconductor 121 then connects with the conductor 1-1 at the oint 122. Itis now clear that when the s aft 29 is rotated into such position thatthe brushes 48 and 44 rest on the conducting portion of the peripheriesof the disks 31 and 33 respectively, the brushes 43 and (3 meanwhileresting on the insulating segments of the peripheries of the disks 30and 352 respectively, the current will pass from the positive. pole ofthe battery 3. through the conductors 45 and 47, the disk 31. the shaft29, the conductors S7 and 118, through the windings 0f theelem-oinagnetie actuating mechanism 86 and then through the conductors120 through all of the clutch actuating mechanisms associated with theregisters back through the conductors 121, 41 and 40, to the negativepole of the battery 39, the current thus flowing through all of theclutch actuating mechanisms associated with the various registers in adirection on posite to that in which it passes while the brushes 43 and46 remain in connection with the conducting portions of the peri'il'ierics of the disks 30 and 32 respectively In this way. cn eachrevolution of the shaft 29, an impulse is sent through all of the clutchactuating mechanisms which tends to withdraw the clutches fromengagement with the gears of their corresptmding registers. Let us nowassume that none of the worlonen are being employed and that, forinstance. all of the switches 74 are open. It is clear that under thesecircumstances no impulses will pass through the system tending to bringthe clutches into engagement with the gears of the correspondingregisters, hat the im pulses tending to withdraw the clutches from suchengagement will continue and all of the clutches will thereby be held intheir disengaged positions. Under these circum stances the clutch 92normally connecting the shafts 90 and ill will he held di engaged andthe system of shafting comm-ted with the various registers will, ferthis reason, not: he operated.
It has been assumed that ali of she plugs u, b, w, (I, c and f-areinserted in the ja -ks $15 but it is evident that where dill'erent worlemen are en'rployed at different rates ol wages, these plugs may beinserted in suitable jacks. 5:), 56, 57 cr 58 and connection willthereby be made with the battery .39 through the disks ll), 5t), Jl or512, but for varying lengths of time according to the peripheral lengthsof the mnductiug por tions of these rate disks. The successiveactuations will pass through the rly'l lt'il'l ex" actly according tothe method which I have described and the actuations will l totaliZcd inappropriate totalizing I't,' {'i lt|'!-- in order to avoid needlesscomplication of the system which I have descrihwlnomethod has been shownin the drawings by which the registers may he decumulated, but it isclear that such (lecumulation could readily be accontplishwl either byreversing the direction ct' rotation of the shaft 29 or suitablereversing gears and clutches could be pro- \idcd in connection with thealiens individual registers.
it is evident that many changes could be made in the detailedconstruction of the system which has been described without departingfrom the spirit of my invention.
What I claim as new and desire to cover by United States Letters Patentis:
1. In combination, a plurality of wage registers, mechanical means foractuating said registers, electromagnetic means associated with eachregister for operativcly w nnccting arch register with said actuatingmeans, nnans for successively energizing said ccnnecting means of saidregisters for periods of time proportional to predetermined rates ofwages, a total register, electromagnetic means for connecting said totalregister with said actuating means, and means for energiZing saidconnecting means on the cnergization of the connecting means of any ofthe individual registers.
In combination, a plurality of accounting registers, crmmon means foraetuatin aid registers, electrical mcans'associate with each registerfor intermittently eonnccting said register with said actuating mean andmeans for periodically disconnecting said register from said actuatingmeans.
3. ln cmnbimition, a plurality of accounting registers, a shaft toactuating said registers, a clutch for each of said registers, saidclutch adapted to engage. said register with said shaft. elettromagneticmeans for engaging said clutch with said register, and electromagncticmeans for periodically disengaging said clutch from said register.
4. in an acccunting system, a wagerogistel, a job register, a mechanicalsource of power to actuating said registers, electr magnetic meansassociated with each registcr for mechanically connecting said registeiwith aid source of power, and means for clc trically joining saidelectromagnetic r nnet-tin means. thereby causing simultaucousactuations of said wage and said job regist rs.
3. ln an accounting system, a plurality of wage registers, a. pluralityoi job registers, a ,1 nrce of mechanical power for actuating saidrcgirt rs elc tromagnetic means associated with each register formechanically mu-ctiug sai register with said source of power means forelectri ally connecting any oF said wage rc; isters with any ol said jobregisters. and means for successively energiving the electremagneticconnecting means associated with said wage registers.
In an accmmting system, a wage register, a job register, a source ofmechanical power forv actuating said registers, electromagnetic meansassociated with each register for mechanically engaging said registerwith said ource of power, nzeans for energizing said electromagneticmeans for a period of time proportional to a predetermined rate ofwages, and means for electrically connecting said electromagnetic engaging means, thereby causing simultaneout actuations of said wage andsaid job registers.
7. In an accounting system, a plurality of wage registers, a pluralityof job registers, a source of mechanical power for actuating saidregisters, electromagnetic means associated with each register formechanically engaging said register with said source of power means forelectrically connecting any of said wage registers with any of said jobregisters, and means for successively energizing the electromagneticengaging means associated with said Wage registers for periods of timeproportional to predetermined rates of wages.
8. In an accounting system, the combination of a register, timecontrolled devices for actuating said register, electric means forintermittently engaging said register with said actuating means, andmeans for periodically operating said actuating means.
9. In an accounting system, the combination of a register, timecontrolled devices for actuating said register, electric means forintermittently engaging said register with said actuating means, meansfor periodically operating said actuating means, and means forperiodically disengaging said register from said actuating means.
10. In an accounting 'system, a time register, a wage register, a sourceof mechanical power, an actuating shaft associated with each register,electromagnetic means for engaging cach register with its associatedshaft, means for periodically mechanically connecting the shaftassociated with the time register to said source of power during apredetermined length of time, said register thereby being actuated byconstant increments, and means for mechanically connecting the shaftassociated with the wage register to said source of power, theactuations of said wage register thereby being proportional to thelength of time said register is connected to said actuating shaft.
11. In an accounting system, the combination of a register, actuatingmechanism, polarized connecting mechanism, controlling mechanism, andcircuit connections from the polarized connecting mechanism to thecontrolling mechanism, such controlling mechan'ism adapted to send afirst impulse over the circuit connections to operatively conmeet theregister and actuating mechanism and when desired to send a secondimpulse over such connections to disconnect the actuating mechanism fromthe register.
12. In an accounting system, the combina tion of a register, actuatingmechanism, pr larized connecting n echanism, controlling mechanism, aconnecting circuit, and a dis connecting circuit, energization of theconnecting circuit by the controlling means serving to operativelyconnect the actuating mechanism and the register and energiza tion ofthe disconnecting circuit by the con trolling means serving todisconnect register from the actuating mechanism.
13. In an accounting system, the combination of a register, atime-controlled shaft, a driving gear, cont-rolling mechanism, andcircuit connections extending from the cor.- trolling mechanism suchcontrolling mechanis n adapted to send a first impulse over the circuitconnections to move the driv gear to opcratively connect the registerand shaft and when desired to send a second inipulse over suchconnections to move the driving gear to an inoperative position.
14. In an accounting system, the combina tion of a register, atime-controlled shaft, a driving gear, controlling mechanism, a connecting circuit, and a disconnecting circuit, euergization of theconnecting circuit by the controlling means serving to n ove the drivinggear to operativeiy cox ncct the shaft and the register and energizestion of the disconnecting circuit by the controlling means serving tomove the drivi gear to an inoperative position.
15. In an accounting system, the cmnbiuation of a register, atime-controlled shaft, a driving gear, controlling mechanism. andcircuit connections extending from the con trolling mechanism, suchcontrolling Int-chin nism adapted to send a first impulse over thecircuit connections to move the driving gear to operatively connect theregister and shaft and when desired to send a second. impulse over suchconnections to move the driving gear to an inoperative position, suchgear adapted to remain in either position unless moved to the otherposition by means of a current impulse from. the controlling mechanism.
16. In an accounting system, the combination of a register, atime-controlled shaft, a driving gear, controllin mechanism, aconnecting circuit, and a disconnecting circuit, energization of theconnecting circuit by the controlling means serving to more the drivinggear to operatively connect the shaft and the register and energizationof the disconnecting circuit by the. controlling means serving to movethe driving gear to an inoperative position, such gear aria-pie toremain in either position unless moved to the other position by means ofa current int 1 pulse from the controlling mechanism.
' 17. In an accounting svstem, the coiniiiaa,
tion of a register, a time-controlled shaft, a polarized driving gear,controlling mcchanism, and circuit connections extending from theerntrolling mechanism such controlling mechanism adapted to send a firstimpulse over the circuit connections to move the driving gear tooperatively connect the register and shaft and when desired to send asecond impulse over such connections to move the driving gear to aninoperative position.
18. in anaccounting system, the combination of a register, atime-controlled shaft, a polarized driving gear, controlling mechanism,a connecting circuit, and a disconnecting circuit, energization of theconnecting circuit by the controlling means serving to move the drivinggear to operatively connect the shaft and the register and energizetionof the disconnecting circuit by the controlling means serving to movethe driving gear to an inoperative position.
19. In an accounting system, the combination of a register, atime-controlled shaft, a driving gear, an electromagnetic device adaptedto move the driving gear into or out of operative position, and circuitcon nections extending from the electromagnetic device, a lirst impulseover such connections serving to move the driving gear to connect theregister and the shaft and a second impulse over such connectionsserving to move the driving gear to an inoperative position.
20. In an accounting, system, the combination of a register, atime-eontrolled shaft, a driving gear, an electromagnetic device adaptedt move the driving gear into or out of operative position, a connectingcircuit, anddisconneeting circuit, the energization oi; the connectingcircuit serving to move the riving gear to a position to oper ativelyconnect the shaft and register and encrgization of the disconnectingcircuit serving to move the driving gear to an inoperative position.
21. In an accounting system, the combination of a wage register, a wastewage register, actuating mechanism, connecting devices, controllingmechanism, and circuit connections from the connecting devices to thecontrolling mechanism, such controlling mechanism adapted to send afirst impulse oven: the circuit connections to operativcly connect theregisters and the actuating mechanism and when desired to send a secondimpulse over such connections to disconnect the actuating mechanism fromthe registers.
22. in an accounting system, the combination of a wage register. a wastewage rcgister, actuating mechanism, connecting devices, and circuitconnections extending from the connecting devices, a first electricimpulse over the circuit connections serving to operativel y connect theregisters and the eetuating mechanism and a second electric impulse oversuch connections serving to dis-- ctnnect the actuating mechanism fromthe registers.
23. In an accounting system, th combination of a wage register, a waste1 age register, actuating mechanism, cont-acting deices, a ccnnectingcircuit, and a disconnect ing circuit, energization of the connectingcircuit serving to operatively onncct the actuating mechanism and therigisters and energization of the disconnectmg circuit serving todisconnect the registers from the actuating mechanism.
M. In an accounting system, the combination of a wage register, a jobregister, a waste wage register, actuating mechanism, connectingdevices, and circuit connections extending from such connecting devices,a first electric impulse over the circuit connections servin tooperativel; connect the actuating mcc anism with t e wage register andalso with either the job register or the waste wage register and asecond electric impulse over such connections serving to disconnect theregisters previously conncctcd. to the actuating mechanism.
25. In an accounting system, the combination of a wage register, a jobregister, a waste wage register, connecting devices, a connectingcircuit, and a disconnecting circuit, energization of the connectingcircuit serving to operatively connect the actuating mechanism with the.wage register and either with the job register or the waste wageregister as desired and encrgization ot the disconnecting circuitserving to disconncct the previously connected registers from theactuating mechanism 26. In an accounting system. the combination of awage register, a ioh register, a waste wage register, a wage totalizingregis ter, actuating meclninism. connecting de vices, and circuitconnections extending from the, connecting dcvitws, a lirst electricimpulse over the circuit connection serving to connect the actuatingmechanism with tin. \vagc register and the wage totalizing registc' andalso with either the job register or the waste wage register as desired.and a second electric impulse over such connections serving todisconnect the previously connected registers from the actuatingmechanism.
'27. In an accounting system, the (Ollllilllll' tion of a age register,a join register, 2' waste wage re ister. a wage totalizing rcgis ter,actuating mechanism, connecting dc vices, a connecting circuit, and adisconnccb ing circuit, cnergization of the connecting circuit servingto iaicralivcly connect the actuating mechanism with the wage registerand the wage totalizing register and also with either the job registeror the waste wage register as desired and energisation oi thedisconnecting circuit serving to disconnect the previously connected1'c;) i:-;tcl'. i from the actuating mechanism.
In an accounting ystem, the uihinw tion of a wage register, a timeJ'tiihitk. ,ii-tu ating uiechunisnn.conne ting devices. and circuitconnections extending from the cur necting devices, a first impulse overthe cuit connections serving to opcratively connect the registers andthe actuating I'i t'FlltV nism and a second electric llllpllh t. ovcrsuch connections serving to disconnect such reg!- isters from theactuating mechanism.
29. In an accounting system, the coinliiuation of a wage register, atime register. a tu ating mechanism. connecting devi es. a ccnnectingcircuit. and a disconnecting circuit, energization of the connectingcircuit serv ing to operatively connect. the actuating mechanism and theregisters and energlzm tion of the disconnecting circuit serving todisconnect the registers frcm the actuating mechanism.
30. In an accounting system. the combination of a plurality of wageregisters, a \vhgc totalizing register, actuating mechanism, connectingdevices, and circuit onnections extending from the connecting devices.Rlt'C" tric impulse of a first. kind over the circuit connectioiisserving to opcrctively connect. one or more of the Wage regisucrs andthe wage totalizing register with tliom tuatiug mechanism and electricinniulses of a second kind over such connections serving to listconnectthe previously connected registers from the actuating mechanism.
31. In an accountingsystem. the --n1l iuution of a plurality of Wageregiste s. a. wage totalizing register, actuating mechanism. connectingdevices, coz'inecting circuits. and disconnecting circuits. encrgiication of the connecting circuits serving to operatiiel v connect thecorresponding wage registers with the actuating mechanism and cneigimrtion of the disconnecting t'li'titlils serving to disconnect thepreviously connected registers from the actuating mechanism.
In an accounting system. the combination of a register, actuatinginrthanisni. c nnceting mechanism, (tltll'il connection clitending fromthe connecting m hanism, a first electric impulse over the :lltliit connections serving to opcrativclv conne t the register and actuatingmechanism and a second electric impulse over such coniict'tions servingto disconnect the actuating mechanism from the register, and means forautomatically starting the actuating niechani in when the register isopcrutivclv connected.
In an accounting system. the combination of a register, actuatinginecluinisin. con: necting mechanism, circuit connections extending fromthe connecting mechanism, a first electric impulse over the circuitconnctions serving to operativeiy connect the register and actuatingmechanism and a sec- Ulltl lectric impulse over such connections servingto disconnect the. actuating lllttlltl' nisui from the register, andmeans for autonuiti ully stopping the actuating mechanism when thcregister is disconnected tlicrclronl.
Hi. In an accounting system. the conihinatit/n ot' a register, actuatingme hanism, connccting mechanisn'i. circuit connections extending fromthe comiec'ting n'icchauism. a first electric impulse over the circuitconnections serving to op ratii'elv connect the tstcr and actuating mehanism antl a sccoiitl electric impulse owr such connections serving todis onnect the actuating mecha n sm from the register, means [orautomath rally starting the actuating lllU'liZzLlb-lil when the registeris opcrati (tiJliiOt'lL'lh and means for automatically stopping lllactuating mechanism when he racker i.-; disconnected therefrom.
.3, In an accounting system. the combination of a register. actuatingmechanism, connetting mechanism. ircuit connections cX- tcniling fromthe connecting mechanism, a iir.-.t el ctric impulse ver the circuitconneclions serving to operatively connect the reg c tcr an izu'tuutii'ig incvlianisni and :1 second tlr 'tiic iniiu sc over suchconnections; serving to liscozinw-t the actuating mechanism from theregister. an l variable rate mcclianisiu adapted to he l! llltl( l inthe circuit rotections to actuate the register at a dcsirctl rate.
lit In an accounting flFltilli, the c uihination ot' a wage regiwtcr. aplurality of job rci crs. actuating mechanism, connecting domes. andcircuit connections extending "rum the connecting devices. a firstelectric impulse over the circuit conncctions serving to opcrutivclyconnect the wagemegistcr and a titired one of the job registers with theactuating mechanism and a second electric impulse over such connectionsserving to disconnect the previously connected registers trcm theactuating inccl'ianisni.
37. In an accounting system, the comhination o a wage register. aplurality of job registers, actuating mechanism, connectingtlwiccscircuit connections extending from the connecting devices, afirst electric impul e over the circuit connections serving to optrativciy connect the wage register and a de-ircd one of the iohregisters With the actuating mechanism and a second electric impulseover such connections serving to disc nucct; the previously connectedregisters root the actuating mechanism, and means f r including in thecircuit connections a desired one of the job registers. 11
.18. In an accounting system, the combination of a wage register, aplurality of job registers, a waste wage register, actuating mechanism,connecting devices, circuit connections extending from the connectingdevices, a first electric i'npulse over the circuit connections servingto operatively connect the wage register and a desired one of the jobregisters with the actuating mechanism and a second electric impulseover such connections serving to disconnect the previously connectedregisters from the actuating mechanism, means for including in thecircuit connections of the wage register a desired one of the jobregisters, and means for automatically including in the circuit connections of the wage register the waste wage register when the wageregister is disconnected from the job register.
39. In an accounting system, the combination of a wage register, a jobregister, a waste wage register, actuating mechanism, connectingdevices, circuit connections extending from such connecting devices, afirst electric impulse over the circuit connections serving tooperatively connect the actuating mechanism with the wage register andalso with either the job register or the waste wage register and asecond electric impulse over such connections serving to disconnect theregisters previously connected to the actuating mechanism, and means forautomatically including in the circuit connections of the wage registerthe waste wage register when the wage register is disconnected from thejob register.
40. In a register, the combination of indicating mechanism, actuatingmechanism, a )olarizcd device adapted to connect the indicatingmechanism and the actuating mechanism or to disconnect the same asdesired, an electromagnetic mechanism for moving the connecting devicefrom either of its positions to the other accordin t0 the di rection ofmagnetization of such e ectromagnetic mechanism.
41. In a register, the combination of indicating wheels, an actuatingshaft, a gear carried by the shaft and movable into engagement with theindicating wheels or out of engagement therewith as desired, andelectromagnetic mechanism for moving the gear from either position tothe other.
42. In a register, the combination of indicating wheels, an actuatingshaft, a polarized gear carried by the shaft and movable into engagementwith the indicating wheels or out of engagement therewith as desired,and electromagnetic mechanism for moving the gear from either positionto the other according to the direction of magnetization of suchelectromagnetic mechanism.
43. In a register, the combination of indicating mechanism, an actuatingmember, and electromagnetic mechanism adapted to move the actuatingmember either to engage the indicating mechanism or to disenga e thesame as desired.
n witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe mv name this 25th day of June,A. D. 1909.
WILLIAM J. CRUMPTON.
\Vitnesses LEONARD \V. NOVANDER, ALBERT C. BELL.
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2024-03-22
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1909-06-28
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1914-08-04"
}
|
US-80836659-A
|
Fuel rod carriage for nuclear reactors
Aug. 8, 1961 BALDAUF ET AL FUEL ROD CARRIAGE FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS 5Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 23. 1959 s m o TM T u s m a 0 V OM maB B h 5ml Wm m LF yfiJ A ORNE s g- 1961 BALDAUF ET AL 2,995,506
FUEL ROD CARRIAGE FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS Filed April 23. 1959 3Sheets-Sheet 2 1N VENTORS Aug. 8, 1961 L. BALDAUF ET AL 2,995,506
FUEL ROD CARRIAGE FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS Filed April 23. 1959 3Sheets-Sheet 3 MP WW TTOR EYS 2,995,506 FUEL ROD CARRIAGE FOR NUCLEARREACTORS Ludwig Baldauf, Gustavsburg, and Friedrich Bundschuh,
Mainz, Germany, assignors to Maschinenfahrik Augsburg-Numberg A.G.,Nurnberg, Germany Filed Apr. 23, 1959, Ser. No. 808,366 Claims priority,application Germany Apr. 23, 1958 9 Claims. (CL 204-1932) This inventionrelates to a fuel rod carriage for nuclear reactors. In particular, theinvention is directed to the construction of a fuel rod carriage forinserting and removing fuel elements from a reactor core.
A nuclear reactor fuel rod carriage is composed of a lower carriageframe running on track rails on the sides of the reactor and an uppercarriage frame mounted for transverse movement on the lower frame. Thiscarriage is for transporting rods holding the fuel slugs in containersand for inserting the fuel elements into the channel holes in thenuclear core. Ordinarily, the core is a right cylinder, and the coreopenings must be approached with the greatest possible accuracy. Eachcarriage frame is provided with driving means so each channel openingcan be approached within an accuracy of, for example, :15 mm. The exactalignment of the rod held fuel container with respect to a channelopening is accomplished by a complicated and slow adjustment of thecarriage frame.
The object of this invention is to produce a mechanism by which thefinal alignment of the carriage frames with respect to the core channelopenings can be quickly effected.
In this invention, the upper and lower carriage frames are each providedwith power driven pins having conical lower ends. These pins engageholes in perforated bars in which the bar holes correspond with thechannel openings in the reactor core. A separate perforated bar isprovided for the upper and lower carriage frames, respec tively. Eachpin is preferably driven by a motor through a rack and pinion vw'th cammeans provided for limiting the extent of movement of each pin in eitherof its directions of travel.
The fuel rods are carried by the upper carriage frame; and when the fuelrods have been moved by the carriage to within about 15 mm. of a channelopening in the core, the pins are actuated so that the conical endsengage the holes in the perforated bar which will then draw the upperand lower frames, respectively, into position so that the fuel rod isexactly aligned with or coaxial with the corresponding channel openingin the core. Preferably, the lower carriage frame has a pin mounted oneach side end of the carriage. If the upper carriage frame has a widetrack gauge, two pins are used and only one pin is used for a narrowtrack gauge provided that the wheels for the upper frame are properlyguided.
A further feature of the invention provides a mechanical or electricalcounter for the upper and lower carriage frame for continuouslyindicating the position of the pin or pins with respect to the holes inthe perforated bars in the openings in the reactor core. The counter isoperated by a sensing member or roller which is resiliently pressedagainst the respective perforated bar and displaced in passing over ahole in the bar. This counter aids the carriage operator as he moves thecarriage to the desired core opening and stops the carriage for makingthe final adjustment by actuating the pins.
The means by which the objects of the invention are obtained aredescribed more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, inwhich:
FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a fuel rod carriage according to thisinvention;
FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic view of a mechanical counter for thecarriage; and
FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic view of an electrical counter for thecarriage.
In FIGURE 1, wheels I ride on rails 2 mounted along the upper edge ofthe reactor tank. These wheels are journalled to a lower carriage frameor bridge 3. Wheels 4 ride on the track rails 5 mounted on the frame 3,these wheels being journalled to the upper carriage frame 6 for movingthe upper frame transversely of the movement of the lower frame. Thefuel rods are carried by upper frame 6 in order to be transported to andfrom the reactor core channel openings. 7
Motors, not shown, are provided for moving the upper and lower carriageframes to their approximate aligned position with a respective coreopening, so that the carriage can be moved rapidly to within about 15mm. of its final position. The final and exact position of the carriageframes is obtained by the use of special aligning pins. 7
Parallel to each of the rails 2 of lower frame 3 and to the rails 5 forupper frame 6, respectively, are perforated bars 7 having holes 8.Casings 9 secured to the upper and lower frames, respectively, containslidable pins 10 having lower conical ends 11. The distance between theholes 8 in bars 10 is the same as that between the channel openings inthe reactor core.
The upper portions of the holes 8 are beveled at 8a in order tofacilitate the entry of the conical ends 11 into the holes. As shown, apair of pins is provided for lower frame 3 and only one pin provided forupper frame 6.
Each pin is moved by means of a rack and pinion 12 connected by a shaftto a gear motor 13. A rack is formed directly on pin 10 by means of theteeth 14 cut in the pin. The length of movement of pin 10 is limited bymeans of a cam 15 mounted onthe motor shaft which engages upper andlower end stops 16.
When pins 10 are driven downwardly by gear motor 13, the conical ends 11engage the sides of the respective hole 8 and pull the respective frameinto final adjusted position as the pins center themselves in the holes.Thus, the position of the fuel rod on carriage 6 is brought into exactalignment with the desired reactor core opening. Each carriage frame isexactly positioned.
In order to safely and effectively operate the carriage to position thesame, indicating devices are actuated by the carriage for showing theposition of the carriage at the operato-rs control station.
A sensing member composed of a roller 17 is attached to each frame neara pin 10. Each roller is separated from its respective pin by the spacebetween two adjacent holes 8. As the corresponding carriage moves, thisroller is pressed by a spring 18 into the holes 8 as it passesthereover. Roller 17 is thus given a vertical reciprocating motion ineither the forward or reverse travel of the carriage. This movement istransmitted to a counter connected "either mechanically or electricallyto roller 17.
FIGURE 2 shows a mechanical counter. A vertically movable rod 20connects roller 17 to a flange 21 which is movable between stops 22.Rods 23 join flange 22 to two levers 24 of a pawl and ratchet mechanism.Each lever 24 is connected to the arms 25a, 25b and 26a, 26b of thedouble pawls which engage ratchet wheel 27. The proper pawl is operatedby a closed tooth sector 28 which is operated between stops 29 by meansof a sliding clutch 30 connected to sector 28 by rod 31. The clutch isturned by shaft 32 joined to the carriage driving motor. In the positionshown in FIGURE 2, ratchet wheel 27 is engaged by pawl arm 25a whenroller 17 moves upward, and is engaged by pawl arm 26b when the roller17 moves downward, so that the counter 19 connected to the ratchet Wheelis advanced a half a digit by each movement.
Thus counter 19 is advanced one digit each time roller 17 passes overone hole 8.
When the direction of travel of the carriage is reversed, the shaft 32is reversed and the sliding clutch 30 with sector 28 are shifted so thatpawls 25b and 26a are engaged. This causes a one digit subtraction incounter 19 for each movement of roller 17 across a hole 8. Thisoperation shows in the counter one digit for each hole crossed by roller17 so that the number of holes traversed by the carriage can be seen atany time. The lowest position of roller 17 as it rests in a hole isindicated through a switch 33 by a light 34.
An electrically actuated counter is shown in FIGURE 3. This alsoincludes an indicating light 34. Roller 17 is joined to a two-Way switch35 engaging contact points A and B in an electrical circuit connectedthrough a reversing switch to counter 37. One digit in the counter iseither added or subtracted by the closing of either contact A or B,respectively.
The holes 8 in bar 7 may be provided with numerals to permit theaccurate positioning of the carriage in the event of the failure of theindicating mechanism. Bars 7 are preferably removably mounted on thereactor tank and carriage frame, respectively.
Having now described the means by which the objects of the invention areobtained, we claim:
1. A fuel rod bridge carriage for a tank containing a nuclear reactorcore having fuel channel openings therein comprising a lower carriageframe movable along the tank, an upper carriage frame mounted fortransverse movement on said lower frame and for carrying a fuel rod,bars associated with the upper and lower frames and having openingscorresponding to the channel openings in said reactor core, conicallyended pins mounted on the upper and lower carriages, respectively andpower means for actuating said pin to engage the conical ends in theopening in said bars for moving said frames to bring the fuel rod intoalignment with an opening in the nuclear core.
2. A carriage as in claim 1, further comprising a conically ended pin oneach side of said lower frame.
3. A carriage as in claim 1, further comprising a conically ended pin oneach side of said upper frame.
4. A carriage as in claim 1, said power means comprising a motor, a rackand pinion gear interconnecting said pins and said motor, and camoperated stop means attached to said gear for limiting the movement ofsaid pins.
5. A carriage as in claim 1, further comprising pin actuated countermeans for indicating the fuel channel opening position of said pins.
6. A carriage as in claim 5, said counter means including sensingmembers resiliently pressed upon said bars and movable into and out ofthe holes in the bars.
7. A carriage as in claim 6, said counter means further including areversible pawl and ratchet connected to said sensing member, and acounter joined to said pawl and ratchet.
'8. A carriage as in claim 6, said counter means further including atwo-way electrical switch actuated by said sensing member, a counter,and a reversing switch interconnected between said two-way switch andsaid counter.
9. A carriage as in claim 6, further comprising indicating light meansjoined to said sensing member for illumination when said sensing membersmove into said holes.
Fermi et al Nov. 12, 1957 Treshow Aug. 19, 1958
1. A FUEL ROD BRIDGE CARRIAGE FOR A TANK CONTAINING A NUCLEAR REACTORCORE HAVING FUEL CHANNEL OPENINGS THEREIN COMPRISING A LOWER CARRIAGEFRAME MOVABLE ALONG THE TANK, AN UPPER CARRIAGE FRAME MOUNTED FORTRANSVERSE MOVEMENT ON SAID LOWER FRAME AND FOR CARRYING A FUEL ROD,BARS ASSOCIATED WITH THE UPPER AND LOWER FRAMES AND HAVING OPENINGSCORRESPONDING TO THE CHANNEL OPEN-
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2024-03-22
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1959-04-23
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1961-08-08"
}
|
US-347072D-A
|
Magazine fire-arm
- IL v. v,
CGP? 2 Sheets-Sham. 1.
A(N0 Modal.)
G. N'. SPENCER.,v` m0521115' PIREAARM.
' jN. 341,072, Patenf'd' Ang. 1o, 1886.
www...
(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet -2.
-G. NpsPENoBR.
MAGAZINE 31m; ARM. v
ladl'fn'l'tled` Aug.`10, 1886.
UNITED STATES GEORGE SPENCER, OF THREE RIVERS, MICHIGAN.
PATENT @Finca MAGAZINE FIREARM.,
SPEQIEY'ICATION forming part of Letters Patent No` 347.0512, datedAugustlO, 1886.
Application tiled November 24, IESS.
To @ZZ who/)lift 'nm/J concern:
Be it known that. I, (ti-muoia N. SruNcIaR, a citizen of thc UnitedStates, residing at Three Rivers, county ot'ht. Joseph, State ot'Michigan, have invented a ni-w and useful Magazine FiIeArni, ot' whichthe tollowing is a speci -icatiou.
This invention has for its objectcertaiu iinprovenients in this classot' fire-arms, important features being the manner of loading the gunand otdischargi ngthcempty shells through a side exit. in thebreeclrchamber.
1n thedraavings, t'orming apartI ot'this speci fication, liignrc t is aside elevation, parts being broltcn away; Fig. 2, top view ot`1 `ig. l.;Fig. 3,1m cular-god dctail inclcvation ret'errcd to by like lcttrrs;Fig. t, a section on line lk 1 in Fig. 55 Fig. parts in Fig. 2,enlarged.
Fig t. show: tno opposa?, ,Ziria otliigv "t, 'mt cartridge-caso ormagazine rcmoyed, llig. 7, au enlarged top View ot' the lever in Figs. land 6, used to extracty the barrel from the breech', hereinafterdcscribcd; Fig. S, a sidc View ot' shell-extractor with the slidingbreech-block in vertical section; Fig. t), a side elevation ot'gun-barrcls; and VFifi'. il() is a section, enlarged, on the liuc 2 2 inFig. t3.
lhe lircarm hcro shown is illustrated willi double bari-cl l, ritlc, andshot-gun, and Sonic of thc improrcmcnts pertain thereto; but so far asthe plan ot' loading the cartridges and freeing the broochchamber of theexploded Shells is conccrncd the barrel may be double or single.
'lhc magazinc ll is inserted in the brccchchamber t'rom thc lowcr sido,Said magazine boing opcn at. thc nppcrsidc. The cartridges arc ticrcd inthc magazino, andare t'orccd upward by thc spring .v pressing upward onthe movable bridge 1f, lfig. l;
(l (I are elbowlcvcrs, pirolcd on thc sides ot' the cart ridge-caso ormagaf/.ine F. at or near the turn ot.' tho elbow, Figs. .t and 3. To theupper end ot' thc uprightI arms of the levers U archinged wings r l, thepart rot the wings extending through a Islot. in t-hc walls ot' theluagaxinc, Fig. .'i, and cxtcnding onto thc cartridgcs n. to hold ilu-.mdown against. being thrown ont otthc maga/,inc when notl in usc by thcupward pri nrc ot'thc spring a. .lhe part t ofthe wings, whcn the latterarc :iw ung so as to discngago the cartridges, Fig. 2, catch fieri-.ilNo. 181935. t.\'o niulel.)
on shoulders or .shelves in the Sido walls ot't'hc brcecli-chambcr, andthus loch thi.l magazine in said cha-miner.' 'lhcsc wings are operatedby Carrying the. horizont-.d portion ot' the levers (l up and down. lnFig. l said levers have hccn swung down\\':nd,.\\'hich act ion, by thecontact ot' the parts r ot' thc wings with the Side ot' the slots in themag '/,inc through which they1 pass, throws the wings to position Shownin Fig. L?, thus releasing the cartridges and looking thc magazine tothogun, asabovc explained. A pivotod sprliig-actuated lever.
f, Fig. ."i, is connected with thc lcvcrs tl t) and adapted to catchundor lug r,','l `ig. l, to hohl the lovers t) in thcir tiltcd position.'lhc lugs .sf receive tho Icvcrs (l whcn in position to hold cartridgcsdown, Fig. 5. lhe llig c limits thc upward insertion ot' the magazineVi'iiii tite Tiri-ccb-cbanii'ni beyond l'i-v prpi" point. A t'orhcdspring, o, is sccurcd to thc upper wall ot' thc brccchchanihcr,.and theforward end bears with a yielding rcsistauce down on tht` t'orward cudot` thc cartridgc, so that it will bc raiscdjust-lligh enough underpressure upward ot` thc spring s to rntcr thc bai-rol ofthe gun, Figs.l, L, ti. lu thc latter ligure a stop, l1, is shown pirotcd to thc wallot' the brooch-chaudicr. a podal connrcting with the pivotal axis ol'thc sto-p on thc outside ot'the gun atI u, ltigs. l. and ti, by which toadjust thc stop /i in actua-lauro wgith thesize ot'tho cartridges uscd,and thus to limit thc downward prcssurc otthe spring r that 1s,
as .nljnsttal in liig. ti thc spring -r bcarsontheside ot` thc stop whcnusingl ritlc cartridge but by adjusting as indicatcd by dottcd4 lincsotthcsc parts in said liig. t3 thc spring rcsts on thc cud ot'thcstop/i, thus bcinghcld higher up, and this adjustment would bc tu,shots cartridges, wint-n ot course are largcr than those used t'orritlc-barrcl. in liig. lt) thc upper barrel i is thc rtlc and the lowcrbarrel l thc shotgun.
.lievcrs o' l" arc pivotcd to tbc brccch on cach sido, and arc provdcdwith cams u', Fig. 7,
adapted to engage with thc cam lugs .1' ot' the barrcls l to I'orcc tlnmout ot' thc sochcts of thc brccch whcn drsiring to rcrcrsc thc bar rclsby turning thcm owrso as to bring whicl1- ever bari-cl is desircd tu bcused uppermost. lhc back end of thc cartridge is hcld down until readyto be forced in thc bari-cl by the IOC bow i were, which is pivoted in arecess in the wall ot the breech-chamber, Figs. land 2. l
In the operation, when the breech-block D is carried forward, it comesin contact with the with the rear end of the lever c, throwing' thefot-ward end over the next cartridge forced upward by the spring s. Y y
""The mode 'of operating the sliding breechv block D and of firing thecartridge by the fil'.a ing-piu t' are well understood from 'priorillustrations of the art without giving detailshere. In Figs.` 2 and il,b shows the 'channel-recess in which the rear end of the lever c plays.
By referring to Figs4 1 and 2 it will be Sceii that the breech chamberhas an opening through the wall of said chamber' ou one side for theexit of the shell t laterally out of said chamber after firing, anddrawing the shell from the barrel back into the chamber. Ihe shell isthus thrown out by the forward end of the lever C contacting with theshell a when the sliding brecelrblock l) is drawn Ibach'. Thus the'leverC performs a double function. A suitable shell-extractor draws the shella from the barrel during the backward movement ofthe breech-block 1),and, so fa'r as throwing the shell out of the side opening in thebreech-chamber is concerned, any well- .known shellextraetor may beemployed; but
in Fig. S I have shown a. shell extraetor adapted for adjustment toextract shells of diii'erent sizes. It consists of two elastic barspivoted on the top and bottom sides of the sliding breech-block. Thefree ends of vthese bars are provided with hooks k, for catching overthe flange at the rear end of the shell a. The bars are provided betweentheir free or pivoted ends with threaded holes, in which the threadedends of bolto u are inserted. A lever, e,eonnects with thcend of thebolt to turn it by, and thus sep-.trates t-he 'bars far ther or drawsthem nearer each other. The lever C forces the end ofthe shell laterallyout of the hooks when throwing the shell out of In Figs. il and 2, n' isthe ha pin which the hannnei' strikes; as in other guns, all understoodby prior construction.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is 1. Thecombination of the breech-chamber having a side exit for the emptyshell, a bowed lever pivoted at the center to the wall nner of the4 gun,and i, in Figs. tand S, is the tiring-- of the breech-chamber inposition to be tilted kon its pivot by the sliding breech-block, and
an opeirtop magazine having a spring-aetuated bottom to press up on thecartridges, whereby the lever holds down the upper'carside of theln'eeclrehamber, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination of the Ybreech-chamber having a bottom opening toreceive the magazine, audhaving a side opening i'or the exit oi' theexploded cartridge-shell, a maga zine open at the top and having asecondary movable spring-actuated bottoni, levers for holding thecartridges down in the magazine before the latter is inserted in thebreechchamber, and adapted vl'orv releasing th eartridges after themagazine is inserted mgsziid chamber a spring in the upper sideyotthebrecch-ehamber for pressing von the forward tridge and throws the emptyshell out of the i end of the upper cartridge, and a pivoted leveractuated by the sliding breech-block and adapted to hold the rear end ofthe upper cartridge down and to throw the exploded sllell out of theside opening in the breeclrchamber, .substantially as set fort-h.
3. The combination of the double reversible barrels, a magazine having aloose seeondary spriugactuated bottom, armagazinechamber provided withthe spring for engaging'or bearing upon the forward end of thecartridges, and adjustable stop for control ling the pressure of saidspring in accordance with the size ot' cartridge used, substantially asset forth.
4. The combination of the double reversible barrels provided withcamdngs on the sides-of their shouldered or tenoued lvends, andcam-lever pivotcd to the sides the breech and adapted to force thetenoued ends of vthe barrel out by contact with the cam-lugs, 'slib-fstantially as set forth.
5. In a. firearm provided with a double i .CS
barrel for both ritle and shot cartridges, a shell'extra'ctor adaptedfor adjusting to the different sizes of cartridges, consisting ofvelastic hook-bars pivoted to opposite sides of the slidingbree'cl1-bloek,and having threaded holes between the hook aud pivotedend, and abolt having threaded ends in said holes of the bars, and alever for turning saidvbolt to adjust the hook bars, substantially asset forth. ,y
In testimonyI of the foregoing I have hereunto Subscrbed my name inpresence of two witnesses. i
l GEORGE-N. srnnomt. \V.itu,esses':
E. C. SoU'riIARD, C. E. I loUGH'roN.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1886-08-10"
}
|
US-191361D-A
|
Improvement in car-springs
A. MIDDLETON.
CAR-SPRING.
No. 191,361, Patent edMay 29,1877.
WW- M N. PETERS, PHOTD-UTHOGRAPHER, WASNMGTON D O.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE-l.
ALLEN MIDDLETON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
IMPROVEMENT IN CAR-SPRINGS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 191,361, dated May 29,1877 application filed February 27, 1877.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, ALLEN MIDDLETON, of
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvementin (Jar-Springs, of which the following is a specification:
' My invention relates to improvements in springs composed of steel barscoiled and tempered and the object of my invention is to increase thestrength without any sacrifice of proper resiliency, and to preventfracture.
In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section,of my improved spring, and Figs. 2 and 3 sections, drawn to an enlargedscale, of the bar of which the spring is composed.
It will be seen that the coiled bar composing the spring is thickest,but lightest, at its outer edge, while the preponderance of metal is ator near the inner edgea rule which must be observed for the followingreasons in carrying out my invention, although the sectional form,
of the bar may be varied. A preponderance of metal at and near the inneredge of the coiled bar, (a feature which of itself I do not claim,)insures the strongest spring, but thelatter is most liable to breakwhere there is the greatest bulk of metal hence the main feature of myinvention, which consists in making the outer edge of the bar thickerthan the inner edge, by forming on the said outer edge a light flange,m, of such a depth that when the coil is compressed, metal to metal, thecontact will be at the flange only, (see Fig.2,) the portions of thecoil composed of the heavy portions of the bar being free from contactwith each other; in other words, the compression of the inner massiveportion of the coil is restricted by the flange at the outer edge of thecoil.
I claim as my invention- A car spring, composed of a coiled bar shapedsubstantially as described-that is, thickest but lightest at the outeredgeand having the preponderance of metal at or near the inner "edge, sothat when the spring is under pressure the contact of the coils witheach other at and near the inner edge shall be prevented by the contactof the coils at the outer edge, all substantially as set forth.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.
ALLEN MIDDLETON.
Witnesses HERMANN MoEssNER, HARRY SMITH.
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2024-03-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1877-05-29"
}
|
US-38577553-A
|
Oscillator frequency control
Oct. 5, 1954 R. F. SCHWARTZ OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY CONTROL 2 Sheets-Sheet1 Filed Oct. 15,. 1953 Pan/.5e /4 l SI/PPL Y l wafer/0M fsw/eci f lV INl E N T0 R. /P/'carld E Schwartz a wa a@ m M# w l D f/.v L ma M065 5 3l@ @N g 1,5 ZNU M/ j@ 5 uw X796 3M Il /5. .f ,f er ,km 4 EL wn f MW .mps www 2 Oct. 5, i954l R. F. SCHWARTZ OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY CONTROL FiledOct. 13, 1953 SUP/"l Y sauf@ W 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Oct. 5, 1954ITED STAT f. S
TENT OFFICE SCHLATOR FREQUENCY CONTROL Richard F. Schwartz,Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, acorporation of Delaware 12 Claims. 1
This invention relates to the frequency control of oscillationgenerators, and more particularly to the frequency control orstabilization of ultrahigh frequency (UHF) or microwave oscillators,such as magnetrons.
This invention is related to and constitutes an improvement over thatdisclosed in the copending Koresv application, Serial No. 177,455, ledAugust 3, 1950. Said application discloses arrangements for thefrequency stabilization of magnetrons by means of the so-calledinjection locking process, in which a small amount of power from astable frequency source (the frequency of which is harmonically relatedto the magnetron frequency) is injected into a magnetron oscillator inorder to lock the frequency of the high-power magnetron. In theaforementioned Koros system, it has been found under conditions ofamplitude or anode modulation, that the input impedance presented by themagnetron to the injection power source varies during the modulationcycle. This means that there is a change of loading on the injectionsource during the modulation cycle, resulting in a change in theeffective injection power applied to the magnetron during the modulationcycle. This is disadvantageous since it reduces the effectiveness or theefliciency of the frequency stabilization process.
Therefore, an object of this invention is to devise for oscillators aninjection locking system which functions to maintain the injection powerapplied to the oscillator substantially constant, irrespective ofchanges in the impedance presented to the injection power source by theoscillator.
Another object is to provide an injection locking system for modulatedmagnetron oscillators which operates 'to maintain the injection powerapplied to the magnetron substantially constant throughout themodulation cycle.
The objects of this invention are accomplished, briefly, in thefollowing manner: two sources of stable frequency injection power areutilized, coupled at spaced points to the main transmission line (theline between the magnetron oscillator and its load). The combination ofthe two sources gives a virtual injection point that can shift, if themagnetron requires it. Alternatively, a single injection source can beutilized, coupled to the main transmission line at two spaced points bymeans of separate branch transmission lines.
The foregoing and other objects of this invention will appear from areading of the following description of some exemplications thereof,reference being had to the accompanying drawings,
wherein:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a known injection lockingsystem;
Fig. 2 is a similar diagram of a system according to the invention;
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a modified system, using only one injectionsource; and
Fig. 4 is a similar diagram of a modification of Fig. 3.
Referring to Fig. 1, magnetron I has a conventional cathode 2 (the outershell or anode of the magnetron being grounded as shown) which isconnected through an amplitude modulator 3 to the negative terminal of ahigh voltage unidirectional pcwcr supply li the positive terminal ofwhich is grounded as indicated. Thus, magnetron l is energized togenerate oscillatory energy at a frequency determined mainly by theparameters of magnetron I. A modulating signal, such as a televisionvideo signal for example, is fed from a signal source through a couplingcapacitor 5 to the control grid :5 of a vacuum tube l, for example apentode as shown, which constitutes amplitude modulator 3. The anode 8of pentode l is connected directly to magnetron cathode 2, while thecathode 9 of said pentode is connected directly to the negative terminalof power supply 4. Thus, tube l of modulator 3 is connected in series inthe cathode circuit of magnetron I, so that such magnetron may beconsidered to be anode-modulated. Because the cathode, of necessity, isin the anode circuit, the modulator 3 is, in effect, in theanode-cathode circuit of magnetron I.
Magnetron I is provided with the usual output or load coupling loop II)by means of which oscila latory energy is abstracted from such magnetronand fed by means of a main transmission line I I to a load I2 which maybe, for example, a transmitting antenna. Line II is indicatedschematically as including only a single conductor, but this line ispreferably a coaxial line, or it may be a waveguide.
A branch transmission line I3, which is indicated schematically asincluding only a single conductor but which may be a coaxial line or awaveguide, is coupled to the main line I I at junction point B, in orderto effect injection of stable frequency power into the main line andinto magnetron I. An injection source I4, illustrated inside thedotted-line box in Fig. l, is coupled to that end of branch line I3opposite to point B. Source I4 feeds injection power into main line IIand magnetron I by means of branch line I3. Source I4 may include, forpurposes of illustration, a grounded-grid amplifier tube I5 having atuned output circuit I6 which is inductively coupled to branchtransmission line r3 and is tuned to a frequency harmonically related tothe desired frequency of operation of magnetron oscillator I. Amplifiertube I5 is driven from a suitable stable frequency driving source, suchas a crystal oscillator, by means of a coupling including leads I 'Iwhich inductively couple oscillatory energy to the inductive portion ofan LC network I8 connected to the cathode I9 of tube I5.
Fig. l illustrates an amplitude modulated magnetron oscillator which isinjection locked by injection source Hl, in order to stabilize itsfrequency of operation. In other words, injection power is fed into themagnetron I to eect stabilization of its output frequency in response tothe output of a stable-frequency crystal oscillator. Fig. 1 discloses asystem of the prior art, as exemplified by the aforementioned Korosapplication, and for further details concerning the operation thereof,reference may be had to the said copending application.
In Fig. l, curve I represents the injection voltage distribution on aportion of the main transmission line i i, while curve II represents theinjection voltage distribution on the branch line i3. The voltagedistribution thus represented is the voltage produced by the injectionsource if?. acting as a generator. Point A is a zero or voltage minimumpoint of the standing wave I resulting from the injection power appliedto the magnetron. It has been found, by means of measurements made onthe system of l? ig. i, that the magnitude of the input impedance of themagnetron I to the injected signal (that is, the impedance presented bythe magnetron to the injection source generator) varies during themodulation cycle. The magnetron I is the terna'- nation of thetransmission line from the injec tion source Hi, considered as agenerator, and therefore the magnetron influences the position and alsothe magnitude of the voltage minimum along the line I I. As themagnitude of the magnetron input impedance varies (during the modulationcycle) the magnitude and position of the minimum in the voltage standingwave generated by the injection source must likewise change. Thus, pointA shifts during the modulation cycle. For example, in one case measured(using the system of Fig. l) it was found that the input impedance ofthe magnetron at the crest of the modulation cycle was 23.3/- fi.3 ohms,while at the trough of the modulation cycle it was lle/dai? ohms. Thiscor esponds to a shift in point A of .0325 wavelength. This shift,though small, causes a change in the loading of the injection source,resulting in a change in the effective injection power applied to themagnetron during the modulation cycle. This change in injection power isundesirable, and is reduced substantially by the arrangement of thisinvention.
Moreover, points A and B (the latter of which, it will be remembered, isthe junction point between the main transmission line II and the branchtransmission line i3) do not ordinarily coincide. In the aforementionedtested case, neither of the positions of point A (that is, neither itsposition at the crest of the modulation cycle nor its position at thetrough of the modulation cycle) corresponded to the position of point B.
Fig. 2 discloses an arrangement according to this invention. In thisiigure, elements the same as those of Fig. l are denoted by the samereference numerals. In Fig. 2, two separate injection sources I4 and I4are utilized to feed injection power into the magnetron i. Each of thesesources may, if desired, be exactly similar to injection source Ill inFig. l, and the two injection sources are both driven from a commoncrystalcontrolled driving source 20, for example a crystal-controlledfrequency multiplier chain.
The output of injection source I4 is applied to the magnetron i by meansof a branch transmission line i3 connected to source ifi and joined tothe main line i! at point B, while the output of injection source ill isapplied to magnetron I by means of a separate branch transmission linei3 connected to source I4 and joined to the main line i I at point B.Points B and B are located some distance apart, for example aquarter-wavelength at the frequency of magnetron oscillator I. Also,according to this invention, points B and B are so located that point A(the aero or voltage minimum point of the standing wave I resulting fromthe injection power applied to the magnetron) is between points B and B.In Fig. 2, curve II represents the injection voltage standing wavedistribution on branch line i3, while curve III represents the injectionvoltage standing wave distribution on branch line I3.
In Fig. 2, the two injection sources if; and ifi', which are operatingat the same frequency since they are both driven by the same drivingsource Eil, both combine to ei'lect injection locking (and thereby alsofrequency stabilization) of the magnetron I. If there is any tendencyfor the input impedance of the magnetron to vary during the modulationcycle, the voltage minimum point A will tend to shift in position, aspreviously described in connection with Fig. l. As the voltage minimumpoint A of the injection voltage standing wave I shifts, each of theinjection sources ld and Ill sees a changed impedance. Therefore, unlessthese sources have zero internal ini-- pedance (which they ordinarily donot) they must supply either more or less volt-amperes, depending uponhow their loadings have changed. Since point A is between points B andB', as this point shifts it approaches nearer one of the branch linejunctions B or B and rececles further from the other such junction;thus, the loadings of the two sources It and ifi' move in oppositedirections as point A shifts, and the source whose branch line junctionis closest to the voltage minimum A will see the lower impedance whilethe other source will see the higher impedance. Since the loadings ofthe two injection sources lll and Ill thus move in opposite directionsas point A shifts during the modulation cycle, one such source will tendto deliver fewer voltamperes to the magnetron, whereas the other sourcewill tend to deliver more volt-amperes. Hence, the volt-amperesavailable for injection locking will be much more nearly constant duringthe modulation cycle with the locking system of Fig. 2 than with thelocking system of Fig. l.
The action of the Fig. 2 system may be expressed in another way. Thecombination of the two injection sources Eli and i4 gives a virtualinjection point that can shift, if required to by changes in themagnetron input impedance.
Fig. 3 is a modified system. In Fig. 3, only a single injection sourcei@ is utilized, but this source feeds injection power to the maintransmission line Il (and thereby also to the magnetron i) by means of abranch transmission line constituted by two separate arms 2l and 2Iwhich are joined to the main line at two spaced points B and B. Points Band. B' are again located some distance apart, and point A (the minimumvoltage point of the standing wave I resulting from the injection powerapplied to the magnetron) is between points B and B. The distances alongthe two arms 2E and 2|', from the respective junctions B and B to theinjection source iii, are equal to each other.
The action in Fig. 3 is quite similar to that in Fig. 2. As the voltageminimum point A shifts or tends to shift, a changed impedance will bepresented to each of the arms 2l and 2l. The impedance changes thuspresented to the two arms are in opposite directions. Since theimpedances presented to the two arms 2| and 2i thus change in oppositedirections as point A shifts during the modulation cycle, one such armwill tend to carry fewer volt-amperes to the magnetron, whereas theother arm will tend to carry more volt-amperes. Thus, the virtualinjection point resulting from the combination of the two injectionpoints B and B shifts as point A shifts, giving a very nearly constantinjection locking power throughout the modulation cycle.
Fig. 4 is a modification of Fig. 3. In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, amplitudemodulation of the magnetron is effected. However, in Fig. 4 angularmodulation of the magnetron, with stabilization of the mean frequency,is carried out. In Fig. 4, the magnetron cathode 2 is connected directlyto the negative terminal of power supply 4, and no amplitude modulatoris utilized. A single injection source I4 is utilized, feeding power tothe main transmission line Il by means of two separate arms 2l and 2ijoined to the main line at two spaced points B and B', exactly as inFig. 3.
In Fig. 4., the injection source, instead of being driven by acrystal-controlled (fixed-frequency) driving source, is driven by anarrangement which includes a means for producing angular modulation ofthe locking source. For example, and as illustrated, the means forproducing angular modulation of the locking source may consist of afrequency modulated source driver 22 to which a modulating signal isfed, which source driver 22 includes therein any suitable means forstabilizing the center (or rest) frequency of the same. Since theinjection source is thus angularly modulated by its driving source 22,the magnetron will follow the instantaneous angle of the injectionvoltage. center (rest or unmodulated) frequency of the magnetron isstabilized due to the injection locking action of injection source I4.
Alternatively, the means for producing angular modulation of the lockingsource may consist of a crystal controlled frequency multiplier chain(for driving the injection source) which is phase modulated at someintermediate point. Any other angle modulated source will work equallywell.
II'he present invention is not limited to oscillators of the magnetrontype. It can be applied to oscillators of any type capable of beinglocked in frequency.
What is claimed is:
1. A frequency control arrangement comprising an oscillator whosefrequency is to be controlled, a transmission line coupling the outputof said oscillator to a load, and means for coupling injection power ofstable frequency into said line at two separate spaced points thereon,said points being so positioned that a voltage minimum of the standingwave pattern set up by said injection power is located between said twopoints.
At the same time, the u 2. An arrangement as dened in claim 1, whereinthe oscillator is a magnetron oscillator.
3. An arrangement as defined in claim 1, wherein the said meanscomprises two sources of injection power the outputs of which arecoupled to said transmission line at spaced points thereon, by means ofseparate respective output couplings.
4. An arrangement as dened in claim 1, wherein the said means comprisesa source of injection power the output of which is coupled to saidtransmission line at spaced points thereon, by means of two separatecouplings.
5. An arrangement as dened in claim 1, wherein the oscillator is amagnetron oscillator and wherein the said means comprises two sources ofinjection power the outputs of which are coupled to said transmissionline at spaced points thereon, by means of separate respective outputcouplings.
6. An arrangement as defined in claim 1, wherein the oscillator is amagnetron oscillator and wherein the said means comprises a source ofinjection power the output of which is coupled to said transmission lineat spaced points thereon, by means of two separate couplings.
7. A frequency control arrangement comprising a diode cavity-typeoscillator whose frequency is to be controlled, means for amplitudemodulating the output of said oscillator in accordance with a modulatingsignal, a transmission line coupling the output of said oscillator to aload, and means for coupling injection power of stable frequency intosaid line at two separate spaced points thereon, said points being sopositioned that a voltage minimum of the standing wave pattern set up bysaid injection power is located between said two points.
8. An arrangement as defined in claim 7, wherein the oscillator is amagnetron oscillator.
9. An arrangement as defined in claim 7,wherein the means for couplinginjection power comprises two sources of injection power the outputs ofwhich are coupled to said transmission line at spaced points thereon, bymeans of separate respective output couplings.
10. An arrangement as defined in claim 7, wherein the means for couplinginjection power comprises a source of injection power the output ofwhich is coupled to said transmission line at spaced points thereon, bymeans of two separate couplings.
11. An arrangement as defined in claim 7, wherein the oscillator is amagnetron oscillator and wherein the means for coupling injection powercomprises two sources of injection power the outputs of which arecoupled to said transmission line at spaced points thereon, by means ofseparate respective output couplings.
12. An arrangement as defined in claim 7, wherein the oscillator is amagnetron oscillator and wherein the means for coupling injection powercomprises a source of injection power the output of which is coupled tosaid transmission line at spaced points thereon, by means of twoseparate couplings.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 2,620,467 Donal Dec. 2, 1952 2,677,058 Kirkman Apr. 27, 1954
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2024-03-22
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1953-10-13
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1954-10-05"
}
|
US-80543759-A
|
Crystal saver circuit
May 23, 1961 E. N. GooDREAU CRYSTAL SAVER CIRCUIT Fil'ed April l0, 1959INVENTOR. E UWA/P0 GOOREU ATTORNEYS United Si@ Patent 2,985,753 CRYSTALSAVER CIRCUIT Edward N. Goodreau, 2204 Belmont Lane, Redondo Beach,Calif.
Filed Apr. 10, 1959, ser. No. 805,437 1 claim. (c1. 25o- 13) Thisinvention relates in general to a transmitter-receiver and moreparticularly to a novel circuit arrangement in a transmitter receiver.
In the past, conventional crystal saver circuits were employed in thetransmitter section but not in the receiver section of a variablefrequency receiver-transmitter. Ordinarily, the receiver LF. wasselected to operate at a fixed frequency while the variable frequencymaster oscillator, though designed to operate over a spread offrequencies, operates at all times at a predetermined frequencydifference above the frequency to be transmitted and received. As ageneral rule during the transmit operation, the master oscillator washeterodyned with a fixed oscillator and the difference frequency wasselected in the transmitter mixer output circuit.
However, great difficulty was encountered with this circuit whenever atransmitter output frequency was selected near the harmonic of the fixedoscillator. This is especially so in the lower range of transmitterfrequencies as the harmonics of the fixed oscillator beat with thedesired output frequency and produced tone modulation of the carrier.Normally, this undesired heterodyne is so intense to make allfrequencies within several kilocycles of the desired settings completelyunusable. Also, in the range of frequencies of a 100 kc. difference fromthe selected frequencies, undesired sidebands were produced and carriedthe same modulation as the desired carrier.
According to the invention, the main advantage of this crystal savercircuit is in the reduction of the number of quartz-crystals that arerequired to set the transmitter and receiver to a selected frequency.Previously, two crystals were needed for each selected frequency, onefor transmission and one for reception. However, with this crystal savercircuit, a single crystal is used for both functions, and in the casewhere frequencies must be changed often, only half the usual number ofcrystals need be available.
It is an object of this invention to employ a single oscillator fordetermining the operating frequency of both the transmitter and thereceiver.
Another object is to provide a means to filter out the harmonics of theoperating frequencies.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a means ofswitching certain receiver components into the transmitter.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this inventionwill be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood byreference to the following detailed description when considered inconnection with the accompanying drawing wherein the figure is a blockdiagram of the crystal saver circuit.
Referring in more detail to the figure, an intermediate frequencyamplifier 11 which is a necessary part of any receiver-transmitter ofthis type and as a general rule is tuned to the same frequency as afixed oscillator 12 is employed both during transmission and receptionof radio frequency signals. Amplifier 11 offers several double tunedcircuits which are accurately adjusted to the lower frequency of eachband permitting as much overlay as possible. Since in the conventionalcrystal saver circuit undesired harmonics were produced duringtransmission by fixed oscillator 12 rather than in a transmitter mixer1-3 where they appeared as a part of the transmitter mixer output, theouput of oscillator 12 of the instant invention is fed directly throughswitch 14 which is in the transmit position Vinto amplifier 111. Thisreduces any harmonic output of the oscillator circuit to a negligibleamount because amplifier 11 acts as a filter for the undesirableharmonic. The output or signal of fixed oscillator 12 after passing`through amplifier 11 and through a switch 15 which is also in thetransmit position is heterodyned with the output or signal of a variablefrequency master oscillator 16 to generate the transmitter outputfrequency in transmitter mixer 13. It is to be noted that masteroscillator 16 may be either crystal controlled or of the variablefrequency type.
After the transmitter output frequency has been generated by mixer 13,it passes to a transmitter R.F. amplifier 17. From there, the signal orgenerated frequency passes to a transmitter final amplifier 18. Thesignal or generated frequency next passes to switch 21, thence to anantenna 22 to be transmitted through space.
During reception, switches 14, 1S, 21 are all in the receive position.Thus, a received signal is picked up by antenna 22 and is fed throughswitch 21 to a receiver R.F. amplifier 23. From amplifier 23, thereceived signal passes through a receiver mixer 24 Where it isheterodyned with the output signal of master oscillator 16. Thence frommixer 24, the heterodyned signal passes through switch 1'4, amplifier11, switch 15 to a receiver detector 25. Finally, the signal passes fromdetector 2S to a desirable audio output.
The receiver LF. in this particular invention has been selected as 1 mc.and variable frequency master oscillator 16 has been designed to cover 3mc. to 16 me. tracking at all times l mc. above the frequency to betransmitted and received. During the transmit operation, by heterodyningmaster oscillator 16 with fixed oscillator 12 which incidentallyoperates at l mc., the difference frequency is selected in transmittermixer 13 output circuit. Whereas with the conventional crystal savercircuit the undesired whistle was decreased only a minimum amountr indecibels, the instant invention permits use of a band of frequenciesnear harmonics of fixed oscillator 12 which ordinarily lwould otherwisebe useless.
It should be mentioned that certain other advantages are also gained byemploying the LF. amplifier in the above set forth manner. For instance,since several stages of amplification are normally available in the LF.section, the fixed oscillator output can be reduced to a very low level,usually to the point of minimum harmonic output and maximum frequencystability. Also, amplification of the I F. amplifier ordinarily can bechanged by application of a bias voltage to the A.G.C. circuit therebyproviding an easy method of controlling the amount of fixed frequencyinjection to transmitter mixer 13. This may be cousidered desirable insome cases where the master oscillator output varies with frequency, orwhere the ratio of fixed frequency to the master oscillator injectionvaries with frequency.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention arepossible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to beunderstood that within the scope of the appended claim the invention maybe practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
What is claimed is:
A transmitter-receiver crystal saver circuit comprising in combination atransmitter section for propagating radio frequency signals comprising afixed oscillator which produces a signal of a first frequency, anintermediate frequency amplifier directly receiving the output of thefixed oscillator and tuned to the same frequency as the said fixedoscillator for amplifying said first frequency and filtering outharmonics thereof, a master oscillator for producing a signal of asecond frequency, a trans# mitter mixer operatively connected to saidintermediate frequency amplifier and said master oscillator for hetero#dyning the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier and masteroscillator to produce a signal of a third frequency, and amplifier meansfor amplifying said third frequency, and antenna means for radiatingsaid signal into space; and a receiver section comprising a receivermixer for heterodyning a received signal and a signal from said masteroscillator and producing an intermediate frequency signal, switchingmeans having a first position for switching said intermediate frequencyamplifier into the transmitter section when transmitting and a secondposition for switching said intermediate frequency amplifier into thereceiving section when receiving so that said intermediate frequencyamplifier is operatively connected to the output of said receiver mixerwhen said switch is in the second position for amplifying saidintermediate frequency signal produced by said receiver mixer, and areceiver detector operatively connected to the output of saidintermediate frequency amplifier when said switch is in the secondposition for producing an audio output.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,654,832 Robinson Oct. 6, 1953
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2024-03-22
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1959-04-10
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1961-05-23"
}
|
US-26414539-A
|
Clothespin
June 24, 1941. H. R. F. STENDER CLOTHESPIN Filed March 25, 1939 P15 a IIPatented June 24, 1941 sr'rrs CLOTHESPIN [Hermann R. F. Stender, SanFrancisco, Calif.
Application March 25, 1939, Serial No. 264,145
V and 2 that the improved clothespin includes a 1 Claim.
This invention relates to improvements in clothespins and has particularreference to a clamping clothespin which may be applied to anyclothesline and embodies a spring clip member which holds the clothespinsecurely upon the clothesline and further embodies a means for clampingclothing between two spring-pressed elements of the clothespin.
The principal object of this invention is to provide a simple andefficientclothespin of the class set forth which employs a springelement capable of holding in position the two clamping members of theclothespin while at the same time allowing movement of said clampingmembers relative to each other in either direction.
Another object of the invention is to provide a clothespin of thischaracter which may be readily clamped to the clothesline by means ofthe spring clip member, which clip member, when clamped to theclothesline, normally causes one element of the device to be extendedrelative to the other element under spring tension.
A further object of the invention is to provide a device of thischaracter which is positive in its operation and which will securelyclamp both the line and the clothing applied to the clothes- Otherobjects and advantages will be apparent during the course of thefollowing description.
In the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification and inwhich like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout thesame:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the improved clothespin, showing thesame in expanded position and as it would appear normally upon theclothesline;
Fig. 2 is an end view of the clothespin, showing the clamping elementsthereof in operative position and the spring clip gripping theclothesline;
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the device, further illustrating thespring clip member of the clothespin relative to one of the clampingelements thereof;
Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the clothespin, showing the same as itappears clamped to a clothesline;
Fig. 5 is a plan view per se of the spring clip of the device;
Fig. 6 is a side view of the movable element of the clothespin; and
Fig. 7 is a side view of the comparatively fixed element of theclothespin.
It will be apparent with reference to Figs. 1
clamping element 8 and a clamping element 9. The clamping element 8includes a curved or notched section I0 formed at its lower end, and theclam-ping element 9 has formed at its lower end a tapered section I lcapable of entering the notched section ill of the element 8. Theelements 8 and 9 are held together by means of a spring clip element l2which consists of a spring wire bent upon itself to form sections I3 andit. The section I3 thereof is normally mounted in a notch l5 formed inthe element 8, and the section I4 thereof extends around the sides ofboth the elements 3 and 9 and terminates in a notch iii formed in theupper end of the element 9.
It will be noted with reference to Fig. 2, which shows the pin inoperative position, that the connecting section ll of the clip isnormally arranged at an angle and that the upper end of .the element 9is provided with a cam element l8,
whereby when the elements 8 and 9 are assembled, the camming element I8forms a fulcrum point normally bearing against the upper inner face ofthe element 3; and when a clothespin is applied to a line [9 by means ofa slotted section 2% formed in the upper end of the element 3, the clipelement [2 will cause spring tension to be applied to both elements 8and 9. Under normal conditions these elements will assume the positionshown in Fig. 1. However, when the clothing is applied between theelements 3 and 9 and the element 9 is forced to the position shown inFig. 2 against the tension of the spring clip, the clothing will beclamped tightly between these elements and will be held in positionuntil released.
Normally in open position, as shown in Fig. 1, the element 9 is spreadapart from the element 8 and is slightly shorter than the element 8.However, when tension is applied to the clip i2 by means of theclothesline iii, the element 9 is forced downwardly, "and it may besnapped into position, as shown in Fig. 2.
It will, therefore, be noted that I have provided a clothespin which isnot only simple in character but is also positive in its operation, anda device which will securely clamp and hold the clothing between theelements 8 and 9, and which may be easily operated to clamp the same inposition upon the clothesline.
It is to be understood that the form of my invention herewith shown anddescribed is to be taken as a preferred example of the same and thatvarious changes relative to the material,
face of said element and adjacent its opposite end being equipped withboth a spaced clothesline receiving recess and a notch capable ofreceiving the top portion of said clip, the other of said elementshaving formed at its lower end a tapered section capable of entering thenotched section of said first-mentioned gripping element, whereby uponactuation of said spring clip, one of said elements will be forceddownwardly with relation to the other of said elements, and clothesplaced between said elements will be gripped.
HERMANN R. F. STENDER.
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2024-03-22
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1939-03-25
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1941-06-24"
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|
US-1900006484-A
|
Box.
"0.649,222. Patenfedm 81900.
A. @1 -SMITH.; ay
BOX.
(Application led Feb. 26, 1900.) (No Model.)
2 Shaets-Sheet W/ TNE SSE S /N veA/70H No. 649,222. Patented May 8,|900.
A. G. SMITH. y
BOX.
(Application tiled Feb. 26, 1900.)- Y m0 Model.) 2 sheets-sheet 2W/TNESSES.' /NVENT ,q f4@ da@ @2% JM 9g @f w; BY
ATTHNEYIT;
'mav Noms mns co.. mo'rqufyo., wn'amum, n. a
UNrrsnv STATES PATENT Ormes.,
ARCHIBALD G. SMITH, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA,
BOX.
SPECFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 649,222, dated May 8,1900.
Application illecl February 26, 1900. Serial No. 6,484. (No model.)
To @ZZ whom it may concern.-
Beit known that l, ARCHIBALD G. SMITH, a citizen of the United States,residing at Philadelphia, (Germantowm) county of Philadelphia, and Stateof Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in` will bereadily adapted to display articles held in or on its side.
To that end my invention, speaking generally, consists in a boxthe'sides of which are pivotally attached or hinged to the base, so asto swing outward, and thus each side lie in a substantially-recumbentposition, enabling the articles held therein to be displayed, but whenthe cover is in place the box is closed and the side is in an uprightposition. The number of sides of the box is immaterial to myinvention-that is, it may bea triangular or rectangular box or a boxwith any othernumber of sides. Within this box I place a second box.'The base of this second box is preferably secured to the baseof themain or outer box., The sides of this bo'x are also hinged or pivotallyattached to their base, so as also to be moved outward into a recumbentposition; but when the sides of the outer box are ups right they areprevented from moving on their hinges or pivotal connection. Preferablythe sides of the inner box are arranged at an ans gle to the sides ofthe outer box, preferably across the corners. This enables the sides ofthe inner box when moved outward to assume a position where they willnot interfere with the sides of the outer box.
I will now describe the embodiment of my invention shown in theaccompanying drawings, in which@ Figure 1 is a perspective view of thebox with the cover in place. Fig. 2 is a plan View of the box with thecover removed. Fig. Sis a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. l. Fig. A is aperspective View of the box partially open. Fig. 5 is a similar Viewwith the box fully open with the box E removedo Fig. 6 is a 'outer box.
plan View with the cover removed, showing the inner box on a line withthe outer box.
In the drawings I have shown a rectangular box.
A is the base of the main box. d a a2 d3 are the sides, which aredisconnected from each other and hinged to the base A, so as to swingoutward. (See Figs. 3 and A.) B is the lid of this box, which when inposition holds the sides together and in their upward position. (SeeFig. l.)
C is the base of the inner box, which, as shown, is secured to the baseA, so that both boxes have substantially the same base. c cvl c2 c3 arethe sides ot' this inner box and are arranged to cut or be across thecorners of the These sides c c c2 c3 are disconnected from one anotherand pivoted or hinged to their base. The sides a d, dac., and c o',-
' &c., may have pockets CZ, as shown, or any other form of receptacle orattachment for articles-suck for instance, as hair-pins. Within thesecond box I have shown a small permanent box F..
While I have shown the boxes rectangular, they may be provided with agreater or less number oi sides. It is also true with reference to theposition of the sides of the inner and outer box with reference to eachother they may be parallel instead of at an angle with each other, asshown in Fig. 6, without departing from my invention. I may also use onebase for both boxes or have the base of the second box disconnected withthe base of the first box. I may, also of course, have a third box withhinged sides within the second, and so on to any number.
Having now fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire toprotect by Letters Patent, is-
l. A box provided With sides pivoted to the base so as to swing outward,a second box within the iirstunentioned box, having a common basethereto and having its sides hinged to said base so as to swing outward.
2. A box provided with sides pivoted to the base so as to swing outward,a second box within the first-mentioned box, the sides of the inner boxbeing set at an angle with the sides of the outer box and hinged to thebase IOO of the outer box and hinged to said base to swing outward;
ln testimony of whieh invention I have hereunto set my hand itPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, on this 20th day of February, 1900. l5
ARCHIBALD Cr. SMITH'.
Nitnesses:
M. M. HAMILTON, J. M. SHINDLER, Jr.
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2024-03-22
|
1900-02-26
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1900-05-08"
}
|
US-29930D-A
|
Hay and straw cutter
D. H. WHITTEMORE.
Y Straw Cutter. No. 29,930. .Patented sept. 4, 1860.
NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
DAVID H. \VHITTEMORE, OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA.
HAY AND STRAW CUTTER.
Specification of Letters Patent No. 29,980, dated September 4, 1860.
To' all whom it may concern:
Be it known that T, DAVID H. IVHITTE- Mona, of Lynchburg, in the countyof Campbell and State of Virginia, have invented a new and usefulMachine for .Cutting Hay, Straw, Cornstalks, &c.; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description oftheconstruction and operation of the same, reference being had to theannexed drawing, making a part of this specification, in whichm Figure lis a perspective view showing one side, the front, and top of themachine, Fie'. 2 a plan front view, Eig. 3 a top view, and Fig. 4- asectional side view.
The same letters in different figures refer to the same parts of themachine, but represented by different views.
In Fig. l, A, A, A, is the wood frame. B and C, C, C is the metallicframe, which is intended to be made of cast iron, and is held together,and to the wood frame by two screws (seen) on each side, which frame (Band C, C, 0,) serves, as journal boxes to hold the arbor z', to which isattached, or cast, three flanges of spiral form, one of which isrepresented in E ig. l by D, E and E, D being the side, E the edge and Ea projection upon one side of the flange, which serves to ease thespring G down to its proper place after having been raised to a pointabove by the revolving flange, thereby preventing noise, &c.
vThe top or circular part of the frame B is mainly to cover up and givea neat appearance to the machine at that point, but prevents any straw,&c., from working or coming through at any other place than the placeintended, it also serves to strengthen or hold more firm that part ofthe frame C, below, t-o which the knife is attached, said knife notbeing' seen in Fig. l, but which runs the length of the frame C, and isattached to the other or lower side of said frame with the bevel sidedown, by which bevel and edge of said knife said flanges revolve,pressing the feed against the edge of 1 the knife, causing it to be cutoff.
The two screws in front and center of the frame C, serve to adjust saidknife to the revolving flanges.
The machine is put in mot-ion by the crank (i, and handle R, the balancewheel 7c, upon the opposite end of the arbor z', serving to give auniform and steady motion to the machine while in operation. The board Ghinged at T, T, is made to vibrate while the machine is .in motion, bythe revolving flanges (one of which is seen at D) or by the. flanges andstraw between pressing against it, the object of this board G, being tokeep the ends of the straw or article being cut below the level of theedge of the knife o, so that the revolving flange, with the help of theteeth upon the same, will draw it forward and under the knife, andbetween the knife and fiange, so that the latter may press it againstthe former, causing it to be cut off. A spiral spring is attached at Hto this board, which runs down and under the machine, (there is also oneon the opposite side but not seen in Eig. 1,) which serves to accomplishthe object just referred to, and which will be hereafter more fullydescribed by figures.
Fig. 2, is a front view of the machine, showing the crank j, in anupright position, the handle R, the wood frame A, A, A, the front partof the metallic frame C, C, C, and the back or circular part B, the twoscrews in the center of the frame C, which serve to adjust the knife 0,to the anges, the edge of which knife is represented by the straightline just below said screw. The slotted edge of the spring board G,which was referred to in Eig. l, is also seen below said line, whichrepresents the edge of the knife, the slots in said board being cut t0allow the teeth M &c. to project through them while in motion, therebycausing them to get a strong hold upon the article being cut, and whichis to be drawn forward by said teeth, and also to prevent the teeth fromcoming in contact with said board while in operation.
The teeth M, M, M, M, are seen projecting through the fianges and belowthe slotted edge of the spring board G, each tooth being immediately infront of, and inI revolving passes through, the edge of each of saidslots, in said board G, the teeth being with the help of the revolvingflanges and the spring board above, the means'used to draw the feedforward between the revolving flanges, and the cutting knife, therebymaking it a perfect and regular self-feeding machine.
The flange D below is seen upon the opposite side from the one above.Therefore the teeth are not seen.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the machine, in which the top or circular partof the metallic frame B is removed, (the points B, B,
e all representing where it was cut 0E), which allows the whole of thespring board G, to be seen, and the ends of the two springs, H, H, areseen attached to the board, the other ends being attached to the woodposts of the frame below. The edge of the knife o, is also seen betweenthe slotted edge of the board G, and the metallic frame C, the knifebeing held under the frame C, by screws the points of which are seenprojecting through at P, P. The two screws Q, Q, in front of the frameC, are for the purpose of adjusting said` knife to the flanges, thepoints of the screws coming against the back of it. The dotted line V,V, shows where the machine is cut to give the sectional view asrepresented in Fig. 4.
Fig. d being a side sectional view, the position of the spiral spring H,H, H, is seen (the other spring upon the opposite side being removed).One end of this spring is attached to a pin in the wood post below, theother end runs through the side board of the hopper, and fastened to thespring board G, before described, a section edge view of which is seenby G, T. It is hinged at T, the end G, being allowed to vibrate, as theflanges, or flanges and feed may operate upon it, the flanges raisingit, while the springs draw it back to the position as seen. In thisfigure, an edge view of the metallic frame C, C, iS seen, into which thescrew P, is inserted to hold the knife to the frame, the points of whichat P, P, in Fig. 3 are seen. They pass through the knife o, and screw into the frame C. Also one of the adjusting screws, Q, is seen passingthrough the frame C, the point coming against the back of the knife o,0. Also is seen in Fig. et, arbor z', and the three flanges with theteeth M, M, M, inserted, and their relative position with the springboard G, the knife 0, 0, the metallic frame B and C, C.
In operating my machine the feed passes through at, and in the directionof, the arrow U, the ends of the feed reaching above the flanges, andteeth, M &c., and between the flanges and the spring board G. The teethM, revolving in the direction of the arrow S, are forced into the hay,or feed, and by their motion forward, the feed with them is drawn underVvthe knife 0, until the edge of the anges passes by the edge of theknife 0, 0, (the feed being between them) it is cut off. 1When the teethare in the act of raising and drawing the feed forward, the feed ispressed against the spring board G, and causes it to be raised to theposition represented by the dotted line above, and as the feed is cutthe ends of that lying in the hopper, is raised above the edge of theknife 0, 0, and in a position to prevent its being acted upon by theneXt revolving flange, and teeth, to draw it forward, but as the flangeis through cutting, or has passed from under the spring board G, andunder the edge of the knife o, 0, the spiral springs one of which isseen by H, H, H, operate upon the board G, and force it down from theposition of the dotted lines above, to the position as now seen below inFig. 4, and with it forcing down the hay (lying in the hopper) or theends of it, below the edge of the knife, that it may be drawn under, andthat the next revolving flange with its teeth, may take holdof it, todraw it forward, and press it against the knife to cut itas before, andthus the operation is continued, getting as many cuts with onerevolution, as I have` flanges upon the arbor. These flanges I proposeto make of cast iron or cast iron with steel or wrought iron fastened tothem.
By this simple arrangement, I am enabled to get from one to four cuts ata revolution, according to the number of flanges, with only one straightknife, and no gearing, no feed rolls, or other complicated machinery,and the power is applied direct, causing it to work very easily. Theseteeth can also be arranged upon a cylinder of cutting knives, in such amanner as described, and by having a sta-tionary bed knife, againstwhich the cutting knives press, to cut the feed, the same result isobtained, viz., dispensing with feel rolls, or other gearing to draw inthe fee Having thus described my machine, what I claim as my invention,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isd
l. So arranging the feed teeth M, M &c., upon a revolving cylinder orflanges, that said cylinder or flanges, will, while revolving, with thehelp of said teeth, both draw the feed forward, and in passing by astationary knife, cause it to be cut off', substantially as described.
2. Combining with said cylinder, the spring board G, in the manner, andfor the purpose, substantially as set forth.
3. Combining with said cylinder, and spring board, the stationary knife0, substantially as described.
DAVID H. IVHITTEMORE.
Witnesses:
C. A. WHITTEMORE, A. R. J osLIN.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1860-09-04"
}
|
US-12467026-A
|
Automatic currier and oiler
' 1,627,516 3,1927- E. LARSON AUTOMATIC C URRIER AND OAI LER Filed July24. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Z'Lafs n alter um May 1927 E. LARSON AUTOMATICCURRIER AND OILEB Filed July 24. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 lll anon doc Iawonmq Patented May 3, 1927.
UNITED STATES 1,627,516 PATENT OFFICE;
ERICK LARSON, OF PAULLINA, IOWA.
AUTOMATIC CURRIER AND OIIJER.
Application filed July 24,
This invention relates to automatic curri-ers and particularly tocertain improvements in the currier described and claimed in my PatentNo. 1,568,226. granted on January 5, 1926. The construction illus tratedin my priorI patent included a supporting frame and a transverselyextending vertically .slidable member carried by the frame and supportedby springs, and a plul rality of brushes hingedly connected to eachother and extending downward and outward toward the frame and slidinglyengaged with the frame so that when an animal passed between these twodivergent lines of brushes, the brushes would rice over the back of theanimal and conform to the corn tour thereof. I
The general object of the present invention is to provide an oilingdevice in connection with the brushes constructed as described, -so thatas the animal moves between the brushes, oil will be applied to thebrushes and will thus be applied to the animal.
A further object is to improve the means for connecting the lower endsof the brushes .to the frame so as to permit of the free slidingmovement of these parts, thus giving flexibility to the brushes.
A still further object is to so construct the brushes that oil willbedischarged from the oil tank downward upon the brushes and this oilwill trickle down the backs of the ln'ushes-and pass through aperturesthrough he bristles thereof.
My invention is illustrated in the 'acconr panying drawings whereinFigure 1 is a front elevation of a currier constructed in accordancewith my invention;
F 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view through the upper portionof the cur- 'rier;
Fig. 3 is a section Figure 2 Fig. t is a section on the line L Figure 1;
Fig. 5 is a fragmentary section through one of the shackles. 1
Figure 6is a fragmentary transverse section through the oil supply pipeshowing the pivotal connection of the oil cup supporting lever with thesupply pipe and the operating lever.
Referring to the drawings 10 designates an exterior frame which may bemade of any suitable material and of any .desired size,
on the line 33 of 1926. sens 1m. 124,670.
the frame being preferably rectangular. Extending transversely acrossthe frame are the two parallel bars 11 which extend beyond the frameandare connected preferably in ward of each side bar of the frame by bolts12, there being space enough between these bolts to permit the frame toride upward or downward easily on the frame. The bars 11 are preferablydownward-1y bent at their 6 ends as at 13.
Mounted upon the bars 11 is an oil tank 14-, the middle portion of whichextends higher than the end portions and over'these end portions passthe straps 15 which are bolted to the bars 11. The top of the tank isprovided with a filling opening 16 and with a valve whose constructionand operation will be later described.
Disposed below the supporting bars 11 are a pair oftransverselyextending bars 17 which. extend beyond the vertical bars ofthe frame 10 and are held in sliding engagen'ientwith the frame by thetransverse bolts 18 which are spaced sufficiently far apart to permitthe bars 17 to move readily upon the frame. The middle portions of.
these bars 17 are outwardly bulged and a strap 19 of metal is bolted tothe middles of these bars and extends up over and in spaced 8 relationto the top of the tank 14. This strap 19 acts to operate the valve inthe tank.
Chains 20 have their lower ends connected 7 to coiled contractilesprings 21' and act to support the bars 17 from the upper cross bar ofthe frame 10' and brackets 22 adjustably engaged with the side bars ofthe frame 10 act to limit the downward movement of the supporting bars17 and of the tanksupport- 9: ing. bars 11.
Extending downward from the supporting bars 17 are two downwardlydivergent series of brushes. each brush consisting of a back 23 andbristles 2' and each br-ushhaving attached to it the laterallydislposedmetallic strips 25 which extend beyond the brushes and form meanswhereby the brushes may be pivotally connected to each otherby bolts 26passing through the extremities of the strips. The strap 19 is connectedat its ends to one. of these bolts 26. Each of the brush backs formedwith a longitudinally extendiuggroove 27 whereby oil dripping from thetank may rundown the brush backs and 130 may be discharged onto thebristles at the joint lJQQWQBll the brushes.
too
In order to hold the two upper brushes in an acutely angled relation tothe bars 17 I provide chains 27 which extend to the bolts 18 to whichthe springs 21 are attached. Each of the lower brushes is looselyshackled to the vertical bars of the frame 10 so as to hold these lowerbrushes in proper posi tion. Each ot' these shackles consists f twodownwardly and outwardly angled members 28. the. men'ibers being pivotedat their inner ends to the lower brush back and at their outer endsbeing connected by two bolts 29 disposed in spaced relation to eachother and extending on each side ot the vertical bar of? the frame 10 insuch spaced relation as to permit the easy movement of the shackle.
In order to hold each shackle in such position that its outer endportion will be at right angles to the vertical member of the trame 10,I provide a spring 30 which is coiled around the pivot bolt 31. one endof the spring being extended outward and bent to engage beneath one ofthe members 28. r k l hus, the shackles will always be held at rightangles to the vertical frame members 10 and will be prevented frombinding upon these frame members.
In order to provide for the discharge of oil onto the brushes from timeto time 1 provide a tank l-il with an upwardly extendin g discharge pipe32 which extends slightly below the bottom of the tank and is providedwith the two laterally disposed apertures 83 discharging onto thetransversely extending deflector plate 3-l having discharge lips locatedimmediately above the grooves in the heads of the upper brushes. Theupper end of the pipe 32 supports an adjustable stop 35 held in adjustedposition by set nuts 36. Pivotally mounted upon the pipe 32 is a yoke 37which carries a pivoted cup 88 so mount-ed that it will always remain ina horizontal position until the cup strikes the stop 35. The yoke 37 ispivoted to an actuating rod 39 which extends upward through an aperturein the top of the tank 14; and extends upward through the upper end oi?the strap 19 and carries a nut l0 bearing upon the top of the strap. Asthe bars 17 raise as an animal passes between the brushes. the yoke 19will. lift up on the rod 39 and this will cause the lever 37 to litt andthe cup will strike against the edge of the pipe 32 and tilt anddischarge its contents into the pipe 32. As soon as the animal haspassed through the brushes and the bars 17 fall, the lever 3'? will bereturned to its initial position and. the cup will again be tilled. Thestop 35, of course. limits the upward movement of the lever 31'' to aposition where the cup 38 will just strike the upper end of the pipe 32.
The operation of this mechanism will be obvious from what has gonebefore. The
through b t\vecn the hrusl'ice. the brushes will spring into a positionto more or less contorm to the contour of the animal and the oil on thebristles will be applied to the animal. At the same time, the cup willbe lll liOtl to discharge oil into the pipe Iii and thus onto the brusheAs soon the animal has passed, the brushes will descend to their initialposition and it. will be seen that the means for applying oil is suchthat only a relatively small amount of oil is supplied to the brushes ata. time and the amount of oil supplied depends upon the number ofanimals which have passed through the brushes. Obviously the currier maybe modih'ed to suit particular animals without dei iarting from thespirit of the invention. It also obvious that many changes may he madein the details oi construction and arrangement of parts wit.h outdeparting from the spirit: oi the invention as delined in the appendedclaims.
I claim:
1. In acurrier oi": the character described, a supporting itrame. brushsupporting members slidably mounted upon the frame, a brush operativelyconnected to the supporting members. an oil tank mounted upon thesupporting lramc. and means acting to cause the discharge of oil tromthe tank onto the brush when the brush is raised including a verticaldischarge. pipe within the tank. a lever pivoted within the tank. a cupcarried by the lever. and means operativcly con-- nectcd to thesupporting members For cans ing the liiting ot the cup to discharge itscontents into the pipe when the brush sup porting members are lifted.
2. In a mecl anism oi the character described, a supporting ilr'ame. anoil tank carried thereby and having a discharge pipe. and means tor dicharging a predetermined amount of oil through the discharge pipecomprising a cup and a vertically shi't'table member extcriorly oi thetank and opcratively connected to the cup to cause the cup to rise anddischarge its contents into the top of the discharge pipe when thevertically shiftable member is raised.
A mechanism oi. the character dcscrihed including a vertically shittablcbrush. an oil tank mounted above the brush and having a discharge pipedischarging onto the brush. and means for causing a predeterminedquantity oi? oil to be discharged through said pipe each time that thebrush is raised including a lever, a cup mounted upon the lever anddisposed within the tank, and means operatively connected to the brushfor causing the lever to lift the cup and discharge its contents intothe top of the discharge pipe when the brush is raised and cause thelowering of the cup when the brush is lowered.
4. An automatic currier of the character described comprising asupporting frame having laterally disposed vertical niiembers,
a transversely disposed support mounted upon said members, an oil tankcarried thereby, transversely extending brush supporting bars mountedupon said members for limited vertical movement. downwardly andoutwardly extending brushes flexibly connected described comprising asupporting frame having laterally disposed vertical members, atransversely disposed support mounted upon said members, an oil tankcarried thereby, transversely extending brush supporting bars mountedupon said members for limited vertical movement, downwardly andoutwardly extending brushes flexibly connected to each other andconnected to said bars, means acting to cause the discharge of oil fromthe tank onto the brushes when the brushes are raised and including avertical discharge pipe within the tank, a lever pivoted within thetank, a cup carried by the lever, a yoke arching over the tank andpivotally connected to the brush supporting bars. and an actuating rod.for said lever extending upward through the top of the tank andconnected to said yoke whereby as the yoke rises, the lever will beraised to discharge the contents of the cup into the discharge pipe.
6. An automatic currier oil the character described comprising asupporting frame having laterally disposed vertical members, atransversely disposed support mounted upon said members, an oiltankcarried thereby, transversely extending brush supporting bars mountedupon said members for limited vertical n'iovement, downwardly and out*ardly extending brushes flexibly connected to each other and connectedto said bars, means acting to cause the discharge of oil from the tankonto the brushes when the brushes are ralsed and including a verticaldischarge pipe wlthm the tank, a lever pivoted within the tank, a cupcarried by the lever, a yoke arching over the tank and pivotallyconnected to the brush supporting bars, an actuating rod for said leverextending upward through the top of the tank and connected to said yokewhereby as the yoke rises, the lever will be raised to discharge thecontents of the cup into the discharge pipe. and an adjustable stopcarried by the pipe at its upper end and limiting the movement of thelever.
77 An automatic currier coi'nprising a supporting frame having laterallydisposed vertical members and a top cross bar, transversely extendingbars slidingly engaged at their ends with the vertical members of theframe, adjustable stops limiting the down ward movement of saidCrossbars, springs operatively supporting the cross bars from the topcross bar of the frame, tank sup portin bars extending across the frameand having downwardly bent ends resting upon said stops. a tank carriedby said last named cross bars. a series of pivotally connected brushes,the brushes extending downward and outward and at their lower endshaving slidingengagement with the vertical members of the supportingframe, the middleof the series of brushes being pivotally connected tothe brush supporting cross bars, a yoke arching over the tank and at itslowerends pivotally connected to said brush supporting cross bars, andmeans operated by the yoke for causing the discharge of oil from thetank onto the brushes when the brushes are actuated.
'8. In an automatic currier, a supporting frame having verticaln'iembers, a trans versely extending bar slidingly engaged with theframe, a series of flercibly connected brushes. the series beingpivotally connected to the cross bar at the middle of the series and thebrushes extending downward and outward from said pivotal support, andmeans for connecting the lower ends of the series of brushes to thevertical members of the supporting frame comprising shackles pivotallyengaged with the lower brushes of the series and extending laterallyoutward on each side of the vertical members of the frame and slidinglyengaged therewith. and springs operativcl v engaged with the lowerbrushes and yieldingly supporting said shackles in a position with theirouter ends at right angles to the vertical members of the frame.
In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature.
- ERICK LARSON.
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2024-03-22
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1926-07-24
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1927-05-03"
}
|
US-287761D-A
|
John w
(Model.)
J. W.. GILBERT. DENTAL ENGINE HAND PIECE.
Patented out. f 30.1883.
xNv'ENToR z .fm/z. Wal'zeft,
WITNESSES:
111// his Homey/J Y r l UNITEE STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JoHNiw. GILBERT, oE PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNoE To THE s.A s.WHITE DENTAL MANUEACTUEING COMPANY, oE sAIvIE PLAGE.`
DENTAL-ENGINE HAND-PIECE.
SPECIFICATION forming To f/,ZZ 'H1/7mm it may concern:
Be it known that I, JOHN W. GILBERT, of the city and county ofPhiladelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain newand luseful Improvements in Hand-Pieces or Tool-Carriers, moreespecially useful in connection with dentalengines, of which thefollowing is a specification.
My invention relates-to hand-pieces oritoolcarriers, more particularlyuseful with surgical and ldental engines, for carrying and driving theoperating tools or instruments. My hand-piece belongs, moreparticularly, to the class known as chuck hand-pieces,7 -that is, tohand-pieces in the rotary spindle or toolchuck-of which the shank of theoperatingtool is locked by split or ,spring jaws acting laterally uponthe tool-shank, whereby theY tools arev locked in the socket of therotary chuck or spindle `by friction, and without the employment ofdevices to engage notches, recesses, or lugs on the tool-shank. Asdental operating-tools for dental engines as now Inanufactured havecylindrical shanks of about the same size, it will be seen that any ofthe tools may be 'locked in the chuck-socket, irrespective of theparticular formation of the driving .end-of the shank.
The object kof my invention,1nore especially, is to provide an improvedform of chuck handpiece, in which thetool may be readily inserted andremoved and securely clamped when in operation, the hand-piecepermitting of ready adjustment to take up wear, and the clamping andreleasing actions of the chuck being effected by turning one section ofthe casing relatively to the other.
My improvements are'illustrated in the accompanying drawings asembodiedv in the best way now known to me. I wish it distinctlyunderstood, however, that some of my improvementsmay be used without theothers, and in'hand-pieces differing from that particularly shown insaid drawings, the subject-matter claimed by me being particularlyrecited at the close of this specification.
In said drawings, Figure l is a longitudinal central section through ahand-piece embodying my improvements. Fig.2 is a plan and 5o partiallysectional view of the connections by part of Letters Patent No?287,7611, dated. October 30, 1883i.
Application ma 4Marl-.11 arises. (Model.)
which the tool-locking mechanism is operated,V and by which thecasing-sections are secured together, while permitting of their readyseparation when necessary. Fig. 3v is a view of the cam-sleeves by whichthe locking-j aws are con- 5 5 trolled, and Fig. 4 is a transversesection,v through the handpiece','on the line 4 4-of Fig. l. Fig. 5 is aview in elevation of one of the longitudinal sections of one form ofclampingjaws ydevised by me. Fig. 6 is a view of said 6o clampingjawtool-lock detached, and illus- -trated as surrounding a tool-shank, andFig.
7 is a transverse section therethrough on the line 7 7 of Fig. 6. Fig. 8is a transverse section through the hand-piece on the line 8 8 of 65Fig. l, and Fig. 9 is a view in elevation of a modiiied formofmyimproyed sectional spring clamping-jaw tool-locking device.
The hand-piece casing is shown in this illustration as consisting of ahandle-section, A, an intermediate section, A', and a shank-section, A2,connected to said intermediate section by a swivel-joint in well-knownways, whereby the handle-section, in operation, may conform Y to theturning movements of the hand of the operator when the shank-section isfirmly con-l nected .to the outer end of the usual flexible sheath,which surrounds the usual flexible driving-shaft of the dental engine,the outer end of said `driving-shaftA itself being firmly connectedwiththe butt-end of the tool-carrying spindleorchuck of the hand-piece,or a connection thereof, so as to rapidly revolve said chuck or spindleupon its longitudinal aXis in 5 the casing to give motion to theoperating-tool, 8 5 which it carries.
I have omitted showing in the drawings either the flexibledriving-shaft, or the flexible enveloping-sheath thereof, as they are ofvwellv known construction,preferablylike those ofthe 9o well-known S. S.White dental engine, in common use, or as patented to Nelson Stow in his.Patent No. 8,607, of March 4, 1879. I have shown, however, a socketedcone-mouth screwcoupling, B, as a suitable connection between thespindle-chuck or tool-holder and the exible driving-shaft. I do notclaim this particular connection, as itis not of my sole invention,being claimed by me, in connection with others,
in a separate application. 10o
3o piece from the path of the lug c.
5o dle-section ofthe casing.
5 end of the coupling-sleeve C has a smooth cylindrical periphery, uponwhich the rear end of the handle-section A of the casing is slipped andsnugly fitted, the handle-section being provided with a longitudinalslot, a, adapted 1o t0 receive a lug, c, projecting from the sleeve C,and carrying a set-screw, c, as clearly shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, tolimitv the extent of movement of the casing-section upon the front endof the coupling-sleeve. The handle-section of the casing is locked uponthe front end of the coupling-sleeve C, as against endwise movement, bymeans of a slide piece or lug, A, fitted in an annular groove in saidhandle section, and controlled, preferably, by a ring,
2o A4, surroumling the casing-section, and fitted to turn thereon tocarry the slide-piece, with which the ring is connected, by a screw, forinstance, behind the aforesaid lug c of the coupling C, as shown inFigs. 1 and 2, whereby it will be understood that until the slide-pieceis withdrawn the handle-section of the casing and coupling-sleeve C aresecurelyloeked together, while they may be readily separated by the mereadjustment or withdrawal of the slide- It will be noticed that the frontedge of the slide piece or lug A3 is beveled or eammed to slideagainstthe corresponding]y-shaped rear side of the lug c. Compensationfor adjustment and wear is thus 5 5 provided for, andallloosemovementisavoided.
The bore of the coupling-sleeve C is fitted with a tubular bushing, C',the coupling and bushing being securely locked together, by means of aset-screw, c`, for instance. rllie front end of 4o the coupling-piecehas a cone-shaped or tapered mouth and this cone-sock et forms aconebearing for the coned rear end of the hollow spindle or chuck E ofthe hand-piece. This hollow spindle is composed of two sections unitedtogether by a transverse screw or pin,
e, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 8; and the hollow spindle is alsoprovided at its front end with a cone-j ournal snugly fitting acorresponding seat or bearing at the front end of the han- It will thusbe seen that the hollow tool-carrying spindle is provided withcone-bearings, whereby the spindle is caused to run true and steadily,while any wear that may occur to journals or bearings maybe readilycompensated for and taken up by adjusting the handle-section of thecasing upon the coupling C, as regulated by the adjusting-screw c, abovedescribed. This adjusting-serew method of compensating for wear is 6onot broadly claimed by me herein, as, broadly,
it is the joint invention of myself and others,
for which an application is now pending.
Contained within the hollow spindle is the tool-locking mechanism E ofthe hand-piece.
This tool-locking mechanism is of the chuck order, and preferablyconsists of separable longitudinal clamping sections c--three in number,for instance-which, when united together, Yform a longitudinal socketfor the reception of the'toolshank. Each of these longitudinal sectionsc may consist of two members united together by a connecting web orstrip, c2, extending only part of the length of the clamping-sections,as clearly shown in Figs. 1, 5, 6, and 7 Each section is preferably madeof one piece of spring metal-such as steel, for instance. The front andrear ends of the spring-clamp or chuck tool-lock thus formed are conedor tapered. r[he front coned end of the longitudinally-sectional clamptoollock is fitted to a corresponding internal seat at the front end ofthe hollow spindle or chuck E, while the rear end of said sectionalclamp tool-lock is tapered or coned to fit in the corresponding mouth ofa socket formed in a spindie-rod, F, when said rod is moved forward inthe hollow spindle. Vhen said rod is moved forward, its tapered mouth,acting upon the rear endl of the sectional clamp tool-locking device,contracts that end of the clamp, and consequently the toolsocketthereof, while the front end of said clamp is also contracted by beingforced into its tapered seat in the spindle.` lf a tool of the propersize is inserted in the clamp-locking device, the clamp, whencontracted, will clamp the tool-shank firmly and lock it in the clamp bylateral pressure or friction, and the clamp itself will also be lockedin the spindle by friction at its front and rear ends, so as to keep itfrom turning independently of said spindle, and cause it to be rigidlydriven therewith. W'hen the spindle-rod F is retracted or moved awayfrom or loosened upon the rear end of the clamp-lock, it will be obviousthat the members or jaws of the clamp will tend to resume their looseposition or separate slightly, and thus the tool-shank will be releasedand may be readily removed and be replaced, or a new tool be readily'inserted in the spindle tool-holder to be driven. The lockingspindle-rod F is normally thrust forward to compress the members or jawsof the clamp and contract its tool-receiving socket by means of a strongspring, G, which surrounds said rod, and is compressed between the frontend of the rear spindle-section and an annular shoulder formed upon thelockingrod, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. lt will thus be understood thatowing to the action oi' the spring G the normal condition of theclamplock is a compressed, contracted, or locking condition, andtherefore to release said clamp the locking-rod has to be withdrawn ormoved back to permit the members or jaws to expand, as above described.The locking spindle-rod F is of course passed at its front end into thehollow chuck-spindle. As this rod also constitutes part of the driving-connection of the rotary spindle, it is connected with such spindle,preferably by means of the transverse pin c, which, owing to thelongitudinal slot f in the rod, permits said rod to be moved endwise IOOIIO
relatively to` the spindle, which turns in fixed' bearings, while,as'against rotary or torsional strain', the rod and spindle are firmlyconnected together. The locking and driving spindle-rod F passes throughthe tubular bushing O of the mit the tool to be inserted-or w-ithdrawn.This 4endwise movement ofthe locking-rod is accomplished by therotation-of the cammed coupling-sleeve D,before mentioned, upon thebushing C', whichit surrounds,` the sleeve D-being rmly but detachablyunited with the casingsection A, preferably by means of a lug, d,projecting from the sleeve D, which fits a longitudinal slotinsaidcasing-section A, and is locked therein by a sliding piece orlug,-VA5, controlled from the outside of the casing, in a manner similarto that before described in connection with the coupling C andhandlesection of the casing.
Contained within the coupling-sleeve D, and surrounding the rear end ofthe bushing C', and compressed between an annular enlargement at therear end of the bushing and an e annular shoulder at the front end ofthe sleeve D, is a coiled spring, H,the tendency of which is to keep thecammedor adjacent faces of the coupling-sleeves C and-D in `closecontact, `and in the position of their nearest approach, andconsequently, also, it tends to keep the casingsections A A inclose/contact at their joints. When, however, the tool-lockis lto beoperated, the casing-section A is turned relatively to thehandle-section A, consequently turning the coupling-sleeve D relativelyto the sleeve O, and, owing to the cammed faces of said couplings,moving the coupling D backward upon the bushing C', against, of course,the tension of the spring H. The rear end of the sleeve D by thismovement comes in contact with the Xed collar f of thelocking-rod F, andmoves said locking-rod backward a limitedV distance. This endwisemovement of thelocking-rod F is slight, but sufficient to withdraw itsfront cupped end from contact with theV rear end of the sectional clamp,so as to enable said clamp to expand to release the tool, as
before described. After a tool has been inserted in the clamp and it isto be locked, the sections of said clamp are brought together orcontracted by a reversemovement of the rod F to that necessary torelease the tool, whereupon the couplings C and D will approach eachother, while the rod F will be thrust forward by its spring G tocontract the clampingA device.
-It will be obvious that, owing to the construction of thecoupling-sleeves C and D and the casing-sections A A', with theirsliding locking pieces or lugs, the casing-sections may be separatedalmost instantaneously toeXposev the internal parts of the ofVcleansingor repair. l
As `a modification of my improved clamp vhand-piece to admittool-locking device made up of longitudinal l vice is made in onepiece,with the ends of the clamp split, while Rehfuss also has thesplitend spring-clamp made in cross-sections, or, rather, in two pieces.The serious defect in this form of. clamp is that its action is limitedto the extent of movement ofthe split ends of the clamp, land the toolis only grasped at the free ends ofthe clamp when compressed, and at theeXtreme ends or mouths only, andwhen the tool-shank is small or fails tosnugly fit thebore of the clamp the clamp will not hold it firmly. Onthe contrary, in my cone end longitudinally sectioned clamp the sectionsare stiffer and stronger, and are free to be carried or compressedtogether, or opened to a practically unlimited extent, depending only onthe length and taper of the cone ends; hencemy clamp hasgreater capacityand is much superior, the tool being clamped thereby, not only at theends of the clamp-sections, but alongtheir entire length, whereby thetool is firmly grasped and held.
Without elaborating the simplicity, capabilities, vand advantages of ahand-piece conroo j structed according to my invention,-I will l statethe subject-matter claimed by me herein to be as follows: I
1. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of asection of a hand-piece casing, a union-piece or coupling-sleeve, withwhich said section is connected, having a lug or. shoulder thereonfitted to enter a slot in said section, and a slide-'piece or lugcarriedv by said section, whereby said sectionand the coupling may besecurely fastened together IIO with the capacity of being readilyseparated.
2. The combination of a section of a handpiece casing, a union-piece orcoupling-sleeve, with which said section is connected, having a lugthereon fitted to enter a slot in said section, and a slide-piececarried by said section, having a compensating or cam surface to actupon the lug of said coupling.
' 3. The combination of the handle-section of Y the casing and thecoupling-sleeve thereof with another casing-section and itscoupling-sleeve, said coupling-sleeves being united together by ayielding connection, substantially as described.
the casing and the coupling-sleevethereof v 1 3o` 4. The combinationofthe handle-section of with another easing-section and itscouplingsleeve, said coupling-sleeves being connected together by aturning spring-connection, substantially as described.
5. The combination of the tubular union pieces or couplings, the bushingconnecting said couplings, and the spring` acting to keep said couplingsclose together, substantially as described.
`6. The tubular union pieces or couplings having cam-faces to Workagainst each other, in combination with a spring to keep said eamfaeesin close contact, substantially as described.
7. A cylindrical tubulareoupling or unionpieee provided on its peripherywith a lug, and on one of its ends With a cam-face, as an article ofmanufacture.
S. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of aeasing, a hollow spin` dle fitted to turn in said Casing, said spindlebeing` composed of two tubular sections rigidly united by a transversepin or connection, and containing a tool-locking 1neel1anisn1,and adriving and tool-look operatingrod passing into said spindle from. therear, and provided with a longitudinal slot, through whieh a iixedcross-pin of the spindle passes, whereby the spindle is readily puttogether and rigidly drive1i,while the driving-rod is free to be movedendwise to operate the toolloek.
9. The combination of the easing, 'the hollow spindle,iitted to turn inbearings therein, a spring-clamp device contained within said spindle,having tapered or cone surfaces at eaeh end, an endwise-movable rod tocom press the members of said clamp, cani meehauism to move said rodendwise, and turning casing-sections to operate said cam mechanism,substantially as described.
10. The conipressible clamp-locking device for tool-carriers,consistingof separable longitudinal sections having tapered or cone ends, wherebythe sections ofthe clamps may be conipressed together, substantially asdescribed.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my naine this 21st dayof March, A. D. 1883. i
JOHN W. GILBERT.
Witnesses WILLIAM H. GILBERT, ELI T. STARR.
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2024-03-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1883-10-30"
}
|
US-71240D-A
|
Improvement in vehicles
@uitrit tutes @strut @frn STEPHEN J. SPENCER, OF YORKSHIRE, NEW YORK,
Letters Patent No. 71,240, dated November 19, 1867.'
IMPROVEMENT IN VEHICLES.
TO4 ALL' WI-IOM- IT MAY CONCERNE Be it known that I, STEPHEN J. SPENGR,oi Yorkshire, in thecounty oi Csttereugus, and in the State of New York,have invented certain new l.nd useful Improvements in Buggies and otherVehiolesf and do herebydeclere that the following is n. full,'olear, andexact description thereof, reference being had to theaccompanying-drawings, und'to the letters of reference murked thereon. l
In the annexed drawings, making part ot"this specification, A Arepresent the usuell elliptic springs of a buggy, which are secured inthe usual manner to the bed-pieces upon the axles. The buggy-box or bodyB is provided upon its under side withthe stretcher-bers C C, which erobolted in the ordinary way to the cross-bars H H, which rest upon theupper sides of the springs. To the under side of the boi'` aresecuredtvvo metallic plates D, which have their ends turned down, esseen, at right angles, seid ends being provided with holes to receivethe inner ends of rods E E. These rods E aire confined to the under sideof the upperv leaves of the spring by means of the bolts, which confinethe bars H H to the springs. Their inner ends, es has been stated, passthroughth'e holes in plates D D, ond are provided with nuts a a, to keepthem in piece and tighten them when necessary. I
This invention consists in the use of the plates D D andV rods E E inthe position and manner herein described, for the purpose of tighteningthe body and preventing its rocking when the holes in the springs 'ortheir bolts rear. By keeping the rods E perfectly tight, the body isalways iirrn and steady in itsplace.
Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim es new, anddesireto secure by Letters Patent, is-
The plates D D, secured to the bottom of the box or body, end the rods EE, connected to the upper portion of the springs, when usedsubstantially ns and for the purpose set forth.
In testimony 'that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my handthis 27th day of September, 1867.
STEPHEN J. SPENCER.
Witnesses: I
E. P. CARTER, J. B. GAYLORD.
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2024-03-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1867-11-19"
}
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US-18706D-A
|
Machine for
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
H. REIMANN, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.
MACHINE FOR MAKING CIGAR-LIGHTERS.
Specification of Letters Patent No. 18,706, dated November 24, 1857.
To all whom 'it may concern:
Be 1t known that I, HENRICH REIMANN,
of the city of Hartford, county ofHartford,
and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Machine forManufacturing Composition Igniting-Cinders for Lighting Cigars; and I dohereby declare that the following is a correct description thereof,reference being had to the accompanying drawing and to the letters ofreference marked thereon.
Figure 1, represents a side View of said machine. Fig. 2, represents anend view. Fig. 3, a longitudinal vertical section through the same. Fig.4, a top view of the same. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,represent detached views of details hereafter to be described.
A, represents the frame of the machine.
B, represents a press box which during the operation of the machine iscaused to move up and down within suitable guides of the frame. This boxcontains a number of pistons a, which correspond with an equal number ofholes in the plate Gr, and which serve to stamp and press the cindersthrough the holes of said plate as will be more fully explained. Thepistons a, are secured to the plate c, which plate can be moved withinthe box B, down to the plate b, to which the rods CZ are securedpermanently the rods d, passing through the pistons or plungers a. Thepress box B, is connected with shaft f, by means of rod g, pitman 7L,and crank i; the pulley P on the shaft j, receives its motion by meansof a chain from,the pulley P, on shaft 7c.
C represents a reservoir to receive the composition of which the body ofthe cinders is formed; the plate G, rests on the bottom m., of saidreservoir, and has a vibrating motion imparted to it by means of a rackD, which is operated by a number of gearings which are secured to shaftsl, o, p.
F represents a perforated plate similar to plate Gr, the holes in bothplates corresponding exactly. The plate F is vibrated by a ratchet M,the teeth of which come in contact with projection g, of the plate F,and as the latter is vibrated it cuts off or detaches the cinders fromplate G.
E, represents a box for the reception of the igniting material to beapplied to the cinders; this box is attached to the carriage I, to whichthe plate F is also secured; within the box E, is a roller Q, to theshaft of which is secured outside the box E, a pinion r, which as thecarriage I, is moved longitudinally causes the roller E, to revolve andto take up the paste-like igniting material for the purpose ofdistributing it to the points of the rods, d as will be morefullydescribed. The box E, is provided with an agitating apparatus consistingof a plate t, which is pivoted to the bottom of the box by the pivot u,as the roller Q revolves the projections Yo on the shaft of said rolleroperate upon a projection on plate t, thus turning it on its pivot,while the spring w, causes said plate to return to its former position,thus a continuous vibration is kept up whereby the paste is stirred andfed to the roller Q.
S, represents two cylindrical boxes which are connected respectivelywith the chain pulleys T and P; these boxes are provided in theirinterior with a mechanism, which when set in operation, connects anddisconnects the pulleys P and T, at each alternate revolution with andfrom the shafts f and 7c. This device is illustrated in Figs. 5, 6, 7 8.The box S, is secured permanently to the frame of the machine, and isnot connected with shaft 7c, the ratchet U, which is formed on one sidewith an open ring e, is rmly secured to shaft K, the chain pulley T,which runs loosely on shaft 7c has pivoted to it on the side facing thebox S, a cam triangle y, which can turn and play loosely on its pivot 2.This cam is formed'in the shape of a triangle 4, the sides of which arearcs of circle e, and from which extend the pawls 5. lVhen the parts areput together the ring e, comes to rest against the triangle 4, asrepresented in red lines in Fig. 5, and one of the pawls 5, comes torest within the recess IV, of the stationary box S, as represented inFig. 7. Then now the shaft 7c, and ring e, are turned in the directionof the arrow they do not operate upon the triangle y, as one of thepawls 5 rests within the recess W, and the circumference of the ring a,corresponds with the side of the triangle with which it is in contact.The position of the parts thus remains the same until the point 6, comesin contact with and operates upon the point of the triangle to the left,turning said triangle to the position represented in Fig. S, thuswithdrawing the pawl 5, from its recess; two of the pawls 5, come tobear against the inner circumference of box S, while the third iscarried around by point b, as shaft lc, turns the triangle, andconsequently the chain pulley T, thus moves with shaft k, and willeventually assume the position represented in Fig. 6, where the pawl tothe right is about to enter the groove W, and thus to return to theposition represented in Fig. 7. Thus'it will be seen that as the shaftlc, is revolved, the chain pulley T, will at each alternate revolutionbe connected and disconnected with the shaft is.
I will now describe the mechanism for converting the rotary motion ofchain pulley. T, into a rectilinear reciprocating mo tion for thepurpose of operating rack D, and perforated plate G. This apparatus isrepresented in Figs. 2, 4, and 9. The ychain pulley H, runs loosely onshaft Z, and .has its hub formed with coupling teeth 10, 12, which asthe pulley is shifted on shaft Z, are caused alternately to meshinto'the coupling teeth of the couplings a, ZJ. This operation ofshifting is performed by means of a tooth CZ operating in conjunctionwith a swinging dog h', which is retained in its position by means ofspring 'Z, the point of which falls in between the teeth of the piece m.In Fig. 11, the tooth eZ, has been caught by pawl L, and thus drawsthepulley H, toward the coupling ZJ; Fig. 12, represents pulley H, as beingcoupled with coupling b', the tooth Z, as it escapes from pawl ZL actsupon the short bluntarm and thus turns it to the position represented inFig. 12. In Fig. 13, the tooth d slides on the inclined face of the pawlL, thereby pushing pulley'H, toward coupling a". In Fig. 14, pulley H,is represented as being coupled with coupling a, and the tooth cZ, isjust on the point of acting upon the short arm ofvpawl L to return saidpawl to the position represented in Fig. 11. When the pulley H, 'iscoupled with coupling a it turns the hollow shaft F, which is attachedto said coupling, and the cogged wheel E which operates wheels D', C, Aand rackl D;.but when the pulley H, is connected with coupling it willturn shaft Z, as the coupling ZJ is keyed to said shaft, and will turnthe wheel B, which meshing into wheel A will turn the latter in adirection opposite to that when driven by coupling a, and the rack D,will then be made to return.
The operation of the entire machine is as follows: The composition toform the body of the cinder being placed in the receptacle C, and theigniting composition into boX E, the crank M is turned in the directionof the arrow, shaft Zo, is turned in the same dihighest position, thenthe pulley P is just detached from shaft f, and consequently the pressboX dremains in this elevated position during the next revolution ofpulley P. At the same moment as the pulley P is disconnected from shaftf, the pulley T, is connected with shaft c, and operating upon pulley H,the rack D, is run in and out froml under the press box as abovedescribed. As the rack D, together with perforated plate G, and carriageI, is run under the elevated press box, the plate G, is pushed into thereceptacle containing the material for the cin,- ders, which by its ownweight will settle into the holes of the plate G, at the same time theroller Q, which has been rotated by the action of pinion r, and rack sdistributes the igniting paste to each of the ends of the rods, eZ,which in this elevated position of the press box protrude beneath theplungers a. As the rack D, returns the plate G, returns with the cindermaterial in each cell, and at the moment, when the cells or holes inplates G, come directly under the plungers a, the pulley T, isdisconnected from shaft 7c, and pulley P is connected with shaft f, thepress boX commences its downward motion and 4the igniting paste is firsttransferred `to the vcinders which are then pressed out of the holes ofplate G, by the plungers a, which are moved down with plate c, withinbOX B, and finally the cinders are detached from plate G by the cut offplate F, the holes of which correspond withv the holes in plate G, andwhich is operated by the action of ratchet M, upon pin g, and thecinders drop,
H. REIMANN.
lVitnesses WM. VINE,
Gno. S. GILMAN.
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2024-03-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1857-11-24"
}
|
US-587987D-A
|
Means for aerating and refrigerating liquids
(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.
I G. MILLS. MEANS FOR AERATING AND REFRIGERATING LIQUIDS.
No. 587,987 Patented Aug. 10,1897.
UNITED STATES PATENT EEICE.
GEORGE MILLS, OF RIGA, MICHIGAN.
MEANS FOR AERATING AND REFRIGERATiNG LIQUIDS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 587,987, dated August10, 1897.
4 Application filed January 23, 1897. Serial No. 620,308. (No model.)
f0 all whom, it Duty conceive:
Be it known that I, GEORGE MILLS, of Riga, county of Lenawee, and Stateof Michigan, have invented certain new and useful In]- provements inMeans for Aerating and Refrigerating Liquids; and I do hereby declarethat the-following is a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference beinghad to theaccompanying drawings, and to the figures of reference marked thereon,which form part of this specification.
My invention relates to means for aerating and refrigerating liquids,and has particular reference to a pressure apparatus for forcing beer orother liquids from a supply-cock to the faucet by means of acoupling-body of novel and convenient construction, and an air anddraw-off pipe leading into the cock to a point near the bottom thereofin connection with the coupling-body.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation through a portion ofa refrigerator, illustratingt-he connections between the point ofcompression, the keg, and the faucet, respectively, arranged inaccordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation and sectionalelevation of the air-inlet and beer-exit pipes and the coupling employedfor securing the tubes within the keg, respectively. Fig.
" 3 is a perspective view of the coupling.
1 designates an air-pump which is illustrated in the drawings as anordinary handpump operated by the lever Connected with the pump and withthe keg 3, through the medium of the tube at, is an air-pipe 5, locatedwithin the refrigerator and preferablycoiled at a point contiguous tothe cooling medium, whereby the pipe and the air passin g therethroughare cooled. Tube 4 extends to a point at or near the bottom of the keg3, at which point it is provided with orifices 6 for the exit of the airforced therethrough. The orifices 6, being located at a point near thebottom of the keg, cause the air passing therethrough to enter the beerand ascend through the beer. The air being cold has a direct act-ionupon the beer, and consequently refrigerates as well as aerates thebeer.
7 designates the beer-tube, which extends downwardly to a point adjacentto the lower end of the air-tube a, the upper end being connected to apipe or hose 8, connected with a draw-ofi cock 9 in the well-known orany preferred manner.
lleretofore it has been usual to employ an air-pipe leading into the kegnear the top,with the result that the air forms a pressure upon the topof the beer and does not impregnate the same.
In order to secure the tubes 4 and 7 into the keg, I provide a bushing10, permanently secured into an orifice in the top of the keg, thebushing being of two diameters, a larger diameter 11 and a smallerdiameter 12. The smaller diameter is of a size to receive the cork afterthe keg is filled, which is driven out by the consumer by the insertionof the tubes. 13 designates the coupling-body, which is provided with ashoulder 14, against which normally rests an annular ring 15, which hasa free movement upon the coupling-body 13. 16 designates a like ringscrew-threaded upon the coupling-body at the lower end thereof, betweenwhich and the loose ring 15 and the lower ring 16 being of a size tonormally enter the larger diameter 11 of the bushing, the gasket 17being expanded against the interior of the bushing by the downwardmovement of the movable ring 15, due to the rocking of a hand-lever 18,pivoted upon pins 19, secured to or integral with the couplingsection13, the lever being provided with camfaces 20, which bear against thering 15 and by which the ring is depressed. By this means there isprovided a tight joint between the exterior of the coupling-section 13and the interior of the bushing, whereby leakage at this point isprevented.
The interior diameter of the coupling-section 13 is enlarged at itsupper end of a size to receive the rubber gasket 21 and the annular ring22, which screws within the coupling-section and bears against thegasket 21, by which the gasket is expanded. The gasket is normallyexpanded to a point so that its inner diameter is slightly less than theexterior diameter of the tube 4, whereby when the tube is insertedthrough the coupling-section the gasket forms a packing to provide atight joint between the exterior of the tube and the interior of thecoupling-section.
is interposed a rubber gasket 17, the gasket The operation of tapping akeg is as follows: lVhen received from the brewery, the larger diameterof the interior of the bushing is empty, the smaller diameter having acork secured therein, which is provided at the brewcry. Thecoupling-section 13 is inserted into the larger diameter, and the lever18 is rocked, expanding the gasket 17 and providinga tight joint betweenthe exterior of the couplingsection and the interior of the gasket. Thetubes 4 and 7 are now inserted through the interior of thecoupling-section, which forces the cork into the keg. By this means aquick connection can be made with a keg with a minimum leakage of thecontents thereof.
What I claim is 1. In a device of the class described, a coupling-bod y,arin g screwed thereon, a loose ring movable thereon, a packin g-ri n garranged between the rings, a lever pivotally secured to the body,having a cam projection upon its lower end, whereby the loose ring ismoved longitudinally of the coupling-body.
2. In a device of the class described, a keg, an air and a draw-0ft pipeleading into the 2 keg to a point near the bottom thereof, a bushingsecured into the keg, a coupling arranged in the bushing, comprising abody, a ring screwed thereon, a packing surrounding the body, and a ringbearing upon the upper 3 edge of the packing, a lever having cam-facedends pivoted centrally thereof to the body above the upper ring.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I hereby aflix mysignature in press- 35 ence of two witnesses.
. GEORGE MILLS \Vitnesses:
GUSTAV KROENCKE, ALFRED KROENCKEp
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1897-08-10"
}
|
US-66409246-A
|
Trolling spoon
April 29, 1952 J. A. I. HLUND Erm. 2,594,981
'rRoLLING s'PooN Filed April 22, 1946 INVENTOR.' 'ven. Gunnar Ber-9m n,
on? eys.
Patented Apr. 29, 1952 if: i'
4UMTED STATES PATENT oFFic-r.
lJohn Alex Ingvar `hlund and Sven- Gunnar Berg'- man, Linkoping,Swedengassigno'rs-to Torsten Elis Ullman, Helge, Heigevarma,l Sweden.
Application .April- 22, 1946,1`Serial-.No. .664,092
In Sweden April 25,1945
(CI. li34f2,.4) Y
3 Claims. I
lThis invention relates to'artiflcial bait of the type in which bladesare 'provided forimparting a spinning movement to the bait. 1
The kinvention has for its object to provide means actuated each timethe fishing line is thrown for reversing the pitch .of the blades andthedirection of ;spinning.movement of the bait so as to avoid theobjectionable consequences of continuously twisting the line in onedirection.
In the accompanying drawingwherein an approved embodiment of theinvention is illustrated,
Figurel is a longitudinal sectional view through the bait;
Figure A2L is'a view similar to Figure l taken at right angles `theretoand partly in side elevation;
l.Figure 3a is a fragmentary side elevation view showing Lthe blades inone position;
Figurebdis a view similar to Figure 3a but showing the bladesin anotherposition;
Figure V4 is an end elevation of the invention;
Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view corresponding to Figure r2;
Figure 6 is an enlarged fragmentary View corresponding to Figure l; and
Figure 7 is a cross sectional view with parts removed taken on line 'I-lof Figure 6.
Referring to the drawing in detail, the numeral I designates a bodyhaving a central chamber therein and preferably tapered at the endindicated at 2 and rotatably supporting a diametrical shaft 3 rotatablymounted in the body I and provided with blades 4 and l5 fixed to theshaft and located on opposite sides of the body so as to impart a,spinning movement thereto when the bait is drawn through the water.
The shing line (not shown) is attached through the eye 6 at the outerextremity of a stem 1 slidably mounted in the body I. The stem 'Iterminates within the central chamber of the body and. is connected by abail 9 with one end of`a coil spring 8, the opposite end of which isattached to a rod I5 looped at its opposite ends and thereby securedagainst longitudinal movement in the body I. The tension of the spring 8normally tends to move the slidable stem 'I inwardly and the movement ofthe latter is limited in opposite directions by the terminals of slots Iformed in the opposite sides of the bail 9 and coacting with the shaft 3which passes through said slots.
The upper exposed extremity of the rod I is connected in a suitablemanner with one or more'sh hooks such as indicated at I 6.
vBetween the opposite sides `4of 'the `bail A9 All-a ratchet lWheel vIIlhaving four vteeth thereon TAisu rigidly secured to the shaft 3 and-the shaft, together with the vblades 4 and 5 secured thereto, is heldin an angular position to which itis' moved by the tension-of a springlfsecured-.to the stem 'I and lying against two adjacenttee'th oftheratchet wheel II. A spring pawl I3 hav'- ing 'an Aangular end I7 is`engaged with the side of theratchet wheel II opposite the retainingspring I4. As indicated in Figure 7 the ba'ilf and'the spring arms arepreferably formed-from a single'piece of sheetmetal ofcruci-formvconfiguration and the fourrespectivearms are bent upward outof the plane of the metal asindicated'in the drawing. 'In' Figure '7 thewasher'foij the nut and the'threaded extensionrofthe stem I have beenomitted for purposes of clarity.
Two of the arms constitute the bail 9, while' the other two arms I3 andI4 are respectively bowed at I2 and I2' adjacent their inner ends toprovide resiliency so that they respectively constitute the spring pawland the retaining spring. The threaded section I8 of the stem 'I extendsthrough' a hole in the central portion of the metal piece whichconstitutes the base from which projects the bail 9 and the oppositelyarranged spring pawl I3 and retaining spring I4 and a nut I9 cooperateswith this threaded section to hold the assembly of arms against a collar2B on the stem.
The end I'I of spring pawl I3 cooperates with the teeth of the ratchetwheel or toothed pinion II and thereby turns the shaft 3 through anangle of each time the stem I is moved outwardly through the body. Theretaining spring I4 secures the ratchet wheel II in quarter turnposition. The successive forward strokes of the slidable stern 'I alwaysrotate the shaft 3 in the same direction. The blades 4 and 5 are sodisposed with respect to the teeth of the ratchet wheel I I that whenthe latter is turned incident to longitudinal movement of the stem 1,the pitch of the blades is reversed from the position which theyformerly occupied, and hence the body I is caused to spin in theopposite direction.
In use, the artificial bait is attached to the fishing line (not sho-wn)and in throwing or casting the bait a longitudinal pull is exerted onthe slidable stern "I, and the latter moves outwardly against thetension of the spring 8, and in so doing the pawl I3 is caused to turnthe shaft 3 and the blades and 5. Thus each time the articial bait isthrown, the pitch of the blades 4 and 5 is reversed thereby avoiding thecontinuous spinning of the bait in one direction and the 3 objectionableconsequences of twisting the iishing line.
What we claim is:
1. An artificial bait comprising a body, pitched blades mounted on theoutside of said body, means for varying the pitch of said bladesincluding a reciprocable member extending into said body and adapted atan exposed end to receive a line, said pitch varying means including afour tooth pinion drivably connected to the blades and means positionedon one side of the pinion and carried by the reciprocable member forrotating said pinion successive quarter turns in one direction forreversing the pitch of the blades and thereby the rotational movement ofthe bait, coacting means positioned on the other side of the pinion andalso carried by the reciprocable member for frictionally engaging thepinion and maintaining saidblades in temporarily fixed position betweenthe quarter turn rotation thereof in one direction, and means connectedto the reciprocable member for normally returning same to an initiallypredetermined position.
2, An articial bait comprising a body having a curved nose and a chamberwithin the body, a pull member extending through the nose andreciprocable within the chamber adapted to receive a line at its frontend and secured to the rear of the body by a biasing spring, a shaftpositioned transversely of the body and having oppositely pitched bladesiixed on either end exteriorly of the body, a four tooth pinion on saidshaft, and a leaf spring having spaced top and bottom leaves mounted onsaid pull member, said bottom leaf frictionally engaging the pinion,said top leaf being shorter and having a curved end for engaging thepinion and rotating same by quarter turns in the same direction as thepull member is moved longitudinally of the body to change the pitch ofsaid blades to thereby effect reverse rotation of the body as the sameis drawn through the water.
3. An artificial bait comprising a body having a curved nose and achamber within the body, a
' in the longitudinal slots in said structural members, oppositelypitched blades fixed on the opposite ends of said shaft and positionedexteriorly of the body, a four tooth pinion on said shaft and disposedintermediate the structural members. and a leaf spring having horizontaltop and bottom leaves mounted on said pull member, said bottom leaffrictionally engaging the pinion, said top leaf being shorter and havinga curved end for engaging the pinion and rotating same by quarter turnsin the same direction as the pull member is moved longitudinally of thebody to change thepitch of said blades to thereby effect reverserotation of the body as the same is drawn through the water.
SVEN GUNNAR BERGMAN. JOHN ALEX INGVAR HLUND.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the iile ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,393,617 Frame Oct. 11, 19211,493,737 Couse May 13, 1924 1,538,658 Rindt May 19, 1925 1,857,312Kuehn May 10, 1932 2,324,844 Hutt July 20, 1943 2,342,691 Plensler Feb.29, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 3,007 Great Britain of 1889
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2024-03-22
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1946-04-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1952-04-29"
}
|
US-43443242-A
|
Apparatus for separating dust and other suspended matter from air and other gases or vapors
Sept. 5, 1944.
E. J. HABER \APPARATUS FOR SEPAR ATING DUST AND OTHER SUSPENDED MATTERFROM AIR AND OTHER GASES OR VAPORS Filed March 12, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 1ATTORNEVJ.
Sept 5, 1944.
WM ////X 4 f s' 3 $5 I s 5/ M/l/E/VTOR air. MW
E. J. HABER 2,357,734
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING DUST AND OTHER SUSPENDED MATTER FROM AIR ANDOTHER GASES OR VAPORS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 12, 1942 l I I l I II I l l I I I I I I I 1 nrrbpkvsrs Patented Sept. 5, 1944 APPARATUS sonsnrm'rmc nus'r AND OTHER SUSPENDED MATTER FROM AIR AND OTHER. GASES ORVAPORS Eugene 'Jeno Haber, Sanderstead, EnglandQassignor to Matthews &Yates Limited, Swinton', Manchester, England, a British companyApplication March 12, 1942, Serial No. 434,432 In Great Britain August13, 1940 2 Claims.
This invention relates to apparatus for separatin gases of difierentdensities or for separating suspended matter from air, steam or vapor,for example, for separating dust from air or for separating sulphur andother suspended matter from flue gases and the object of the inventionis to provide improvements in ,the
, means employed for separating the matter to be removed from the parentstream of gas or vapor in order to increase the efliciency of theapparatus to which the invention is applied and at the same time provideseparating means which is capable of easy manufacture.
According to the present invention apparatus for separating gases ofdifierent densities or for separating suspended matter from air, steamor other gases or vapor is provided comprising one or more sections,means for connecting said sections for straight line flow of gas orvapor, diaphragms constituted by slottedplates through which'the gas orvapor is caused to pass for cleaning or separation arranged in eachsection between a top anda bottom plate, means for channels under eachsection, a dust collecting device beneath each section and means forcontrolling the amount of gas or vapor re-circulated in each sectionindependently.
Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings which illustrateby way of example apparatus for carrying the invention into effect andin which Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a separating apparatus,
' Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a modified form of the apparatusshown in Fig. 1,
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation showing the method of forming slots in adiaphragm; and
Fig. 5 is a view of a fragment of a diaphragm showing the preferred formof the slots.
In the construction shown inFigs. 1 and 2, the separating chamber 5 isof rectilineal form having an inlet l1 and outlet I8, the dust laden airor. other gas being caused to pass .through the apparatus by means of afan or impeller (not shown) which is preferably arranged to draw the airor gas through the' apparatus.
Within the chamber [6, the partitions or'diaphragms consist of a numberof elements l9 which are V-shaped in plan and are each provided with alarge number of openings '20 with pressed out deflectors 2| formed ashereinafter described. The elements l9 make a close fit re-circulatingpart of the gas or vapor through against the top and base of the chamberl6 and they are preferably built up from single perforated platesdisposed in vertical planes and having flanges 22 and 23 at theirforward and rear' ends respectively which are arranged to overlap andare joined by welding or riveting.
One of the objects of this construction of the apparatus is that theelements l9 which are normally more subject to wear than the rest of theapparatus can be easily replaced if desired.
At the apex of each \l-shaped structure the plates are bent to form athroat 24 leading to a chamber 25 extending throughout the height of thechamber [6 and communicating through an aperture 26 in the base ofchamber IS with a settling or collecting chamber 21 disposed beneath thechamber I6 and containing a baffie 28 against which the air or gasimpinges to cause deposit of solid matter which falls into the base -ofchamber,2'|. The parent stream of air or'gas -passes through theapertures 26 and beneath the baflle 28 or baffles as more than one maybe employed, and is recirculated by ascending through openings29'admitting the air or gas, partially freed from its solid content, toa space 30 enclosed by vertical plates -3l extending throughout theheight of the chamber l6 mutually inclined in plan to form verticalslots 32 through which the air or gas passes for retreatment between theslotted diaphragms l9. The plates 3| operate to screen the openings 29from incoming gas or vapor so as not to obstruct the passage thereof butenable the two streams to mix and pass through the diaphragms.
The air or gas which passes through the slots in the diaphragmslll issubjected to a further action as above described in a second series ofdiaphragms l9a withaccessory components all constructed and arranged asalready described. It will be understood that an air or gas cleansingchamber l6 may be arranged to include only one series of such diaphragmsor any larger number accordin to the character of the air gas or vaporto be cleansed. The openings in the diaphragms H! are preferably in theform of elongated slots each of which may extend at right angles to thedirection of motion of the parent stream as shown at 20 in Fig; 1 orwhich may lie at an acute angle thereto as shown at M in Fig. 1. A door4! may be provided in the base of chamber 21 toenable the separatedmatter to be removed, or other means may be provided for mechanicalejection of separated matter.
The inlet apertures for the re-circulation of the parent stream of theair or gas after it has passed through the chamber 21 may be placed onthe clean gas side of the elements I! as shown by the broken linepositions at 26a in Fig. 2.
These openings, if used, are disposed in the positions shown as near tothe closed end of the tapered channel as possible'in order that there-circulated gases will offer the minimum obstruction to the passage ofgas through the diaphragms.
The modified construction illustrated in Fig. 3 has the same arrangementof diaphragms as Figs. 1 and 2 and in plan is exactly similar to Fig. 2.In Fig. 3, however, the parent stream of gas or vapor passes throughopenings 42, beneath a battle 3 and is re-circulated by ascendingthrough openings 44 admitting to a space 45 enclosed by vertical platesarranged similarly to the vertical plates 3| in Figs. 1 and 2, the gasor vapor passing thereafter between the slotted diaphragms forretreatment.
Each opening 44 is adapted to be controlledby an adjustable plate ordamper 46 slidable horizontally in guides and adapted to be set to thedesired position by means of an adjusting screw 41 which projectsthrough the wall of the setting chamber and is provided with a knob orhandle 49 for manual operation.
The settling or collecting chamber 48 tapers downwards to a dischargeoutlet 46 normally closed by dampers 50 and operable to open against a.counter-balance weight 52. This double damper discharge arrangement isprovided to prevent ingress of air to the apparatus while dust is beingdischarged as only one of the dampers can be opened at a time therebyenabling the withdrawal of dust to take place while gas or vapor isunder treatment in the settling chamber.
The pivots 53 and 54 of the dampers 50 and 5| are connected externallyof the discharge outlet 40 by levers 55 with an operating rod 56 whoselower end is connected to one arm of a pivoted operating handle 51. Whenthis handle is moved to the lower broken line position, the operatingrod 56 is moved axially to rock the upper lever 55 in a direction toopen the upper damper 50. As this operation tends to force the lowerdamper 5| against the wall of outlet 40, this damper remains closed.When the handle 51 is moved to the upper broken line position,'theoperating rod removed from the apparatus by merely removing the topcover of the chamber l6. These diaphragms being clamped in positionwithout the use of bolts can, therefore, be easily replaced when erodedor otherwise impaired without dismantling the plant as a whole.Furthermore, the sections being identical in construction areinterchangeable. 1
The number of sections employed depends on the nature of the dust,thefineness of it and the cleansing emciency requiredbut standardcomponents can be employed throughout rendering it a simple matter toadd additional sections where required.
Figs. 4 and 5 show in detail the construction of the slots 20 in thepartition or diaphragm I! in which a number of openings 20 which areformed by pressing out portions 2| which act as louvres for deflectingand changing the direction of motion of the gas or vapor to be cleansedor separated which is caused to flow in the direction 01' the arrow(Fig. 4).
The diaphragm I9 is made of sheet metal and the pressed out portions 2|can be set either at right angles'to the diaphragm or at an acute anglethereto as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. These pressed out portions 2| arearranged onthe forward edges ofthe slots 20 in relation to the directionof movement of the dirty gas or vapor so that the gas or vapor whichpasses through the slots 20 impinges against the portions 2| and isthereby deflected to reverse the direction of motion of the said gas orvapor.
Fig. 5 illustrates the preferred method of forming the slots 20 in thediaphragms, the shape of the portions pressed out from the diaphragmbeingshown in Fig. 4. In order to prevent the 56 is moved downwardly andthe lower damper 5| is opened-to allow the dust accumulated within theoutlet 40 to be discharged into bags or conveying means. The dampers and5| may be power operated by means of an eccentric or cam 58 engaging theupper end of the rod 56, said eccentric or cam being motor operated. Itis desirable that the amount of gas orvapor recirculated shall decreaseat each succeeding stage of the apparatus and for this reason theopening a in the second stage of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3 can bemaintained at a smaller size than the opening 44 and if further sectionsare employed the openings will be arranged to decrease progressively insize towards the main outlet from the apparatus.
As the amount of dust collected decreases in volume after the firstsection it is ordinarily unnecessary -to instal a damper controlled dustdischarge arrangement on the later sections as the dust can be removedwhen the fan is not runescape of gas orvapor around the pressed outparts at the ends of the slots 20 the material of the diaphragm is slitalong one long side only indicated at 59 and not across the ends so thatthe ends'of the pressed out parts form cowl-like portions indicated at60. slots in this manner the surface areas 6| in Figs.
- 4 and 5 between the openings on the side of the diaphragm facing theparent stream of gas or vapor form parts of a continuous plane surfaceof the said diaphragm.
As already described the pressed out members 2| cause a reversal of thedirection of flow of the gas or vapor impinging against them and owingto the difference of pressure existing between the two sides of thediaphragm the air or gas is thus separated from the parent stream andalso from the suspended matter which is carried away by the parentstream to the settling chamber 21 or 48.
I claim:
1. Apparatus for separating suspended matter from air orgas comprising aplurality of alined horizontal casing sections each having an inletthereto at one end thereof and an outlet therefrom at its other end, theinlet of one section being connected to the outlet of another section,vertical partitions in each of said casing sections extending from topto bottom thereof and forming a separating chamber between them anddividing the inlet of the respective section from the outlet thereof, adust receiving chamber disposed below each casing section, a verticalconduit connecting each separating chamber with the respective dustreceiving chamber, means for recirculating air or gas from each dustreceiving chamber to the respective separating chamber,
said partitions having louvred slots therein ar- 1 By constructing theranged to cause'an abrupt change of direction of flow of the gas orvapor, and means for relatively controlling the amount of air or gasrecirculating in the amount of air or gas re-circulating from thereceiving chamber to the separating chamber of a. succeeding sectionrelatively to the amount of such re-circulation from the receivingchamber to the separating chamber of a preceding section.
EUGENE J ENO HABER.
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2024-03-22
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1942-03-12
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1944-09-05"
}
|
US-1911607994-A
|
Match.
W. M. BURTON.
v 1x11111011 APPLICATION FILED FEB. 11, 1911.
1,019,756. Patented 113112, 1212 P p @M wninnm at. human, or omcae'o,rumors.
Sp mm 9 m m PatentedMar. 12,'191 2..
"1-;I'oalZw7wm1't hmyconcem: -v I I Be it known that 1, WILLIAMM..Bim'ron', I a citizen of the United States, rjesidirg at. Ghicagoy-inthe county of'Cook and ate 5- of Illmoia-have inventedcertain new and Juseful" Improvements'in Matches, of which the following is aspecification.
My-inventaoii relates to improyements in matches, andmore-particularlyconcerns, but
to not exclusively, what may be termed metal der' like wooden ones, andconsequently.
' destructive; fires, and furthermore, the stock and-machinery-for t emanufacturefof such matchesmcupy, muchjless space than these if f o".the'- ordinary ones hav wogfieiifnnisim ilarishank "-ij iOther features'provement --w 1ll be use skilled in this an #5 ,mad epp mit 'from anund r thn. n rthiudetail'b'elow;
order .that a and eoinplete understand? .o'f this'iny'e'ntion maybe hadI have'i'i. named s reams and desirable bodiinentjof plies-mean theaccompany- 'ihg-Ldrawing, a part .of this "specification, andt hichreference's'hould made for a' full -fe'omprehension of the'honstriiction aQQiiQagesof: matches elni" these impre' 'e'nts.
drawing,-'-Figure 1 is a erspec- 'asyss wiew, on-m enlarged scale, 0 oneof these new'matches; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal -"'-.-oentral'section ofthe match on a larger scale} and Fig. .3 is across section through the;shank of the match, on line -3 of i he shank on-body oi the matchconsists of asheet-metal tube or shell of suitable-length and shape anddimensions of cross section, such tube or shell being opened 46 at11-011 one side throughout its entire 3} -:length, the tube inclosin astrand or filler 12 of-vegetable,.anima -or' mineral fiber.
- shown in the drawing, this .strand or jlfibrou'si filler is ofsubstantially the same or tube,-'and the rolls so that it may beimpregnated a combustible material, such, for exam:
' -ple as araflin wax the impregnation bei Ely throughout aportion onlyof digengthpf the fiber, ordinarily not more than- 45. pr e a ap utaumfled retr n-in, 1911. Serial m5. 601,994.
matches, or,- n'ioresex licltl matches with" metal shanks or bodiesbatches: of this. character have the advantage of not smol-i there 19less likelihood of accidentally startgthese." matches consists :indrawing a thin,
of the invention set length begi len' (-h asn the'surroundin orincasing'metaler is made fibrousone third 'of its length at the lieadend of the 1 match, as shown'at 13.,-,As 1s customary, :thejartic le hasan ignitible head 14, which fignites the parafiin or other similar imp5o nating' material 13, the head being ignite I :as is'customary,:bfrictionon any suitable surfaee' The pre erred construct-ion of theifiber filler. or cord consists of jute, hemp or aflarmaterial, and anend portion of. the 5 Isanie is impregnated or'charged with paraffin waxcontammg'about ten er cent. of a ia'high' fire-testburning oil-ma e frome- :troleum, such, for-example, as the so-cal ed mineral seal oilasoldfor railway use. a 7o One desirabl e method of manufacturing.
narrow-Tswan strip of suitable metal, to
i 'ether-lwith' a strand or'co'rd of suitable her, througha' diein sucha manner that 'the metal is folded or rolled over into substantiallycylindrical form whichincases the fiber "and inclose's it ovenits entirelength.
"The; adjacent longitudinal edges of; the "metal, howevenxare notbrouglhtdirectly toso gether, -but are separated slig tly to providethe"slot-11,'-the function of which .is described hereinafter. As themetal and the associated fiber'filler are formed into the folded elementof'continuous length, it is 35 'cut into sections pisuitable 1e hs-forthe shanks of atchs Itis desira 1e to have the fiber inc deed in thewhole length of the metal, since.- the fiber absorbs a portion of theheat and prevents a portion thereof so i from bein transmitted tothe ersof the personho ding the match when 1t is being burned. After theseshanks have been made in this manner, one end of each is diplped v ted96 for a'suitable l e h of timein the m parafiin wax, so t at the fillerbecomes im 4 pregnated for the proper length, ordinarily not over onethirdthetotallength of 'the match, and then the-match issupplied. in anyapproved manner with an ig ii of suitable .character. It has been statedthat the fiber is im regnated' with the combustible par'afiin or a--distance not exceeding one third of its 4 'nning at the head. of thematch, and it should be noted that "if the fiber is impregnated orcharged with the'combustible wax or paraflin throughout. its entirelength, the material melts ahead of the flame andruns out, following thematch 11o stem or shank to the fingers of the person holding it, soilingthe fingers, with the posle head sibility of burning them before the waxis consumed. Consequently, a limited quantit only of araflin is used buta match of this kind wil burn longer than an ordinary wooden matclntliewax only, aside from the head, bein consumed, the filler or fibrousstrand licin unburned. The slot aloof; the side of tie match stem isordinari y quite narrow, being not more than a sixty-fourth of an inch,and by means of this surrounding shell-or tube the fiber is protectedfrom the air so that it cannot. mm, the wax being distilled by the raitof the flame into gas, which passes out through the slot and burns as itreaches the an.
- Matches with Ion itudiually folded metal shanks have hereto ore beenproposed, and the presentinvention is an improvement on that style ofmatch, because it is dillieultto rovide a match of this kind with anignitile head which of itself will burn sutiicicntlv long for ordinarypurposes. Therefore combine with the head a suitable quantity ofcombustible material within the metal shank, and which the head sets onfire after ignitiom I believe that I am the first person to provide amatch having a non-combustible shell or casin containing within it acombustible materia i itible by the match head.
Vl/hile have herein described only the preferred embodiment of theinvention, I wish to have it understood that it is susceptible of avariet of embodiments, and that many minor 0 anges, both of a mechauicaland chemical nature, may be made inthe match herein described withoutdcparture from the substance and essence of: the invention and withoutthe sacrifice of any substantial benefits and advantages.
I claim: l
1. In a match, the combination of an ig-v nitible head, and a shankcomposed of a non-combustible outer 'shell open on a side at least foraportion of its len th and a combustible material in said shell,substantially as described.
2. In a match, the combination of: an i nitible head, and a shankcomposed of a sell stantially-non-combustible metal outer shell open ona side at least for a portion of it's Ien th and a combustible materialin said she I, substantially as described.
3. In a match, the combination of an ignitihle head, and a shankcomposed of a sub-- sinntially-non-cqmlinstilxlwmetal outer shell openon a side anrl a corolmstihle material in said shell, snl'islantially asdescribed.
4. in a match. the oint/nation of an igiiillbie bond, and a shank havinga noncombustible inner shell open on a side at least for a por ion olits lo ngtb and a fibrous lillm' in said shell impregnated with acoatbnstible material, substantially as drmcribed.
5. in a match, the combination of an ignilible l'llrlHl, and a shankhaving a. substantially -non combustible metal outer shell open on asable at least for a portion of its length and incl sing a fibrousmaterial impregnated with a combustible material, substantially as(lesoribed.
b. In a match, the combination of an i nitible head, and a shankcomposed of a sullslantially-non-cmnbnstible metal shell open on a sideand c ntaining a fibrous material impregnated with a wtonilmstiblematerial, substantially as described.
T. .ln a llll'tlt'll. the combination of an ignilible head, and:"llrll'ili composed of a substantiallymon-vonibbslible nmlal shell openits entire length on one side and containing a fibrous lilbu: li-xlomhnlsub tantially the full length of the shell, said lillca' being impregnal-ed oitb a comhnstil'ile material for a portion only of itslength, substantially as described.
in a match, the combination of an ignitible bead. and a shank composedof a non-comlmslilile shell open on a side at least for a portion of itslength and inelosing a fibrous: tiller impregnated with peratliu,substantially'as (ltS'Hllltld.
S). -ln a match, the combination of an igmtible bead, and a shankconn'msed of a sub stantially-iion-rombnslible metal shell open on aside and int-losing a librous tiller impreg'natcci with. paralliu,substantially as described.
10. In a unit-eh, the. combination oi an ignilible head, and a shankcomposed of a sul stumiallyawn-combustible metal shell open on a sideand ineloeinn a librous filler of substantially the. same length as theshtfll and impre rmmvl u'itb parallin for a portion only of its length,substantially as described.
Wll jLI'AM M. BU RT ON W itnesscs H. 1ft. imns'rx, An I). 150111.
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2024-03-22
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1911-02-11
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1912-03-12"
}
|
US-159178D-A
|
Improvement in steam-generators
2Sheets--Sheet 1. W. E. HAXTUN.
Steam-Generatqr.
N 159 ]78 I Patentedjan.26,1875.
% W WWW Q THE suwmcco.pum'o-uruzomm PARK Pucmw UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.
WILLIAM E. HAXTUN, OF KEWANEE, ILLINOIS.
IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM-GENERATORS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 159,178, dated January26, 1875; application filed September 7, 1874.
To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. HAXTUN, ofKewanee, Henry county, Illinois, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Steam- Generators, of which the following is a fulldescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,consisting of two sheets, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section; Fig.3 a vertical section, showing the upright boiler and the water-jacketforming the fire-pot, as used together.
My invention relates chiefly to baseburning steam-generators; and itconsists in an improvement upon patent granted to me No. 153,486, aswill be hereinafter more fully set forth and pointed out by the claim.
In the drawings, A represents a single upright boiler. The lower parthas double walls a 12, forming a water-space, 0, between them. Each wallor sheet, a b, has a head, d d, riveted to it, the greater part of thespace be tween the two heads being a steam-chamber, 1). Within the sheetor wall a is the maga zine E, for fuel, which is introduced through thechute F. B is a water-jacket or lining, having double walls, but noheads proper, the walls being secured to a ring at the top and bottom,forming a water-space between the walls, marked f. When this part B isused WithA it forms both a fire pot or chamber and boiler, G being thefire-chamber. This part B has a door, H, to give access to the fire. Asshown, B rests on the grate; but in use I provide a ring, on which bothB and the grate e are supported, the grate being within B, so that itcan be replaced, when necessary. The boiler A is supported on B by meansof lugs or feet g, secured to the boiler A. A and B are connectedtogether by a suitable number of tubes, so that there shall be a freecirculation from one to the other. Two such tubes, h i, are shown. Anash-pit is to be provided. 0 is a horizontal boiler, of any desiredform. One or more pipes, j, form a water-communication between B and O.It forms a steam communication between A and O. l l are steam-pipes,with which heating-coils can be connected. In use it will be well tokeep the head d covered with water. All of these parts A B O are to beset and incased in brick-workin the usual manner, and so that the smokeand heat will pass from the chamber Gr up around A, and then under theboiler O, and back through the tubes to a chimney; or first through thetubes of the boiler 0, if preferred. This is the most complete form ofmy improvements, and is adapted to those cases Where a large amount ofsteam is required.
When less steam or a less expensive generator is wanted, one or twoparts of my invention may be used, as shown on Sheet 2 of the drawings,where Fig. 2 represents my single boiler, constructed as beforedescribed, supported by lugs g, which enter the brick-work. The lowerend of the boiler should be about ten or twelve inches above the grate0, giving room for the burning coal. m is the smokeoutlet. Thisfurnishes a cheap, but efficient, single-boiler base-burningsteam-generator.
Fig. 3 shows the same boiler A combined with the water-jacket B, beforedescribed, incased in brick-work, but without the horizontal boiler. Thepart B is suitably supported, as before; the two parts A B are connectedby tubes 12; A rests upon B, and the fire is within B. B serves thedouble purpose of a boiler and fire-chamber. This form furnishes moreboiler-surface than the last described, without largely increasing thecost.
In Fig. 4 is represented the water jacket or boiler B combined with ahorizontal boiler. As shown, B does not rest upon, but its lower end isabove, the grate 6, so as to form a magazine for coal to be introducedthrough a chute or door. B and O in this figure are to be securedtogether, and provided with water-tubes a, passing from one to theother. The parts are to be inclosed in brick, in such a manner as toprovide a fire-pot between the grate and magazine, with a passage forsmoke outside of B. Any space between B and O is to be carefully closedby masonry or otherwise, so as to force the heat and. smoke to passoutside of B; then they can pass under the boiler G, then through itstubes to the chimney.
In Sheet 1 I have shown all the parts of my invention combined to beused together.
furnishing a support for the boiler substan= tially as and for thepurpose specified.
2. The combination of the single upright boiler A, water jacket orboiler B, and horizontal boiler 0, all constructed and operatingsubstantially as and for the purposes specified.
WILLIAM E. HAXTUN.
Witnesses PHIL. POTTER, W. W. WILsoN.
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1875-01-26"
}
|
US-29574719-A
|
Pipe-cutting machine
Dec. 18 1923; www5 A. T. SAMPSON PIPE CUTTING MACHINE Original Filed May8. 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 M @f @y BA'SfbS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 A T SMPSONPIPE CUTTING MACHINE Original Filed May 8, 19
Dec.. 1s, 1923.
Patented Dec. 18, 1923.
- ,rats
ARCHIBALD T. SA-MPSGN, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO SAIVIPSONAXCESSl SYSTEM, INC., 0F LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION CFMASSACHUSETTS.
PIPE-CUTTING MACHINE.
Application filed May 8, 1919, Serial T 0 aZZ whom 'it may concern.:
Be it known that I, ARCHIBALD T. SAMP- soN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Lynn, Massachusetts (whose post-office addressis No. 494 Union St., Lynn, Massachusetts), have invented an Improvementin Pipe-Cutting Machines, of which the following description, inconnection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, likeletters on the drawings representing` like parts.
My present invention relates toV cutting apparatus, and moreparticularly to cutting apparatus for cutting slots or openings in ametal conduit or pipe.
In my inventions upon an improved novel system of electricalconstruction and installation, partly explained in my prior copendingapplication, Serial No. 166,613,1iled May 7, 1917, one of the importantfeatures consists in a method of cutting partially through a metalconduit without injury to the elect-ric wires therein, and even when theconduit is already in place in a building. In my co-pending application,Serial No. 345,284, filed December 16, 1919, I have described andclaimed improved cutting apparatus for carrying out a step in the methoddescribed and claimed in my application, Serial No. 166,813, abovereferred to.
The. cutting` apparatus herein described and claimed is intendedparticularly for use in carrying out a further step in my improvementsof forming the slot in a conduit orv pipe for an outlet or tap, bypartially cutting through the conduit or pipe. The cutting apparatusherein described and claimed is preferably used after the cuttingapparatus described and claimed in my copending application, Serial No.345,284 filed Dec. 16, 1919, has completed its operation, because acleaner cut is made in this way, but the present invention and apparatusmay be used to perform their functions at anytime, regardless of Whetheror not the cutting apparatus described in the application above referredto has performed its function. VWhile the present apparatus has beendesigned particularly for use on conduits or pipes valready installed ina building or other structure, its use is not so limited, as it isequally capable. of use in cutting slots in conduits orpipes before thesame are installed.
A feature of my present invention is the improved means for mounting thecutters,
whereby` the same are mounted parallel to each other at either side ofthe carrying means, and move together'as a unitary structure.
A still further feature, and one relating to the last named feature, isthe provision of improved means for mounting the entire cutting andfeeding means on the body of the apparatus, together with meansassociated with said cutting and feeding means for co-acting with thebody of the apparatus to hold the. entire structure in operativeposition on the work.
Further important features, novel constructions, and arrangements ofparts and advantages, will be hereinafter more fully pointed out andclaimed.
In the accompanying drawings, illustrating a preferred embodiment of myinvention:
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the cutting apparatus, in position on aconduit or pipe;
Fig. 2 is a view of the upper portion of the cutting apparatus, with thecover plate removed to show the internal mechanism;
Fig. 3 is a sectional view on the line 3--3 of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a detail showing the position occupied by the tool when inaction;
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the cutting apparatus, and
Fig. 6 is a` sectional side elevation of the cutting apparatus on theline 6 6 of Fig. 1.
Referring to the drawings, and more particularly to Figs. 1, 5, and 6,10 designates a body member, having` the intermediate portion 11 thereofextending upwardly and provided at either side lwith clamping andbearing plates 12, these plateslZ being provided with grooves 13 whichextend along Vtheir length, as designated in Figs. 5 and 6. The lowerportion of the body member 10 has formed integral therewith a laterallyextending portion 14, on either side of which, as viewed in Fig. 1, isan upwardly extending side plate 15, these plates 15 being rigidlyattachedtjoftby thebo'lt and nut' 16v and 17'.'
Pivotally attached tonpper port-ions of the; .siflelplatesz .1.5 are.the ends. of the, arms 18 ot-thibellcranls levers19, the levers beingtied together so as to move in unison by the rod 20 fastened to theends'fof the arms 21 by the Iscrews 22.
At the junction` of thearms 18 and 21 of the ball. Crank, lever 19 .isrirotally` mounted. the-ldwer eiidfof a." body member 23' havingan"`fi'1it'ermediate portion 24E extending up'- wardly" "and` providedateither side with clamping and'bearing plates 25, these plates 25 beingprovidedwith projections 8fwhich extendfalong their y lenvth, asdesignated in Figs'.`"5' and 6, and' cola'ct with the; grooves 13 in theplatesn12. Pins 26, on the arms 21, engage with the plates 15 to limitthedownwardm'oveinent of' saidl arms 21. Thev construotio'jiist,described constitutes 'a toggle` joint fdr` ysecurelylocking themembers 25 and-112'togetherf. z
The, projectionsmS whenbrought into en,- gagement withi the grooves 13,and the arms 21 moyedfto their lowermostyposition, lock the'v bodylmembersl 10 and A23. and associated parts, `to'gether, clearlyvshown inFigs. 5l
vandv 6;"V When inthe position shown in4 Figs. "5 and6, the` b"o,dymembers are spaced apart andiparalflel toi` each other, as arertheinter# mediate portions 11' and 24, thesevintermediateportions however,being spaced further apart than" the body members, fora purpose 'tohereinafter described.
The lateral portion or projection 14 is inT ternally,screw-threadedat27, to 'receive the externally; threaded hollow shaft 2,8, thelpath"'of'travel of the shaft 28 being parallelA lto andequidistant fromthe body members 10 and 2,3. AA handle 429,rigidly attachedY to thelower' end of thel hollow shaft 28'enahles theoperatortofmove the hollowshaft up- Wardf 01?..d1eivnwardl.
Thebodymemberis provided with a guide way inv which slides a'projectionjon a iiangeI1 31, of anN internally threaded v4sleeve 32.''This sleeve 32 is a free'iit in' the exten.
,nallyl threaded -hollowshaft 28 and entends downwardly to a pointbeyond the lower end of saidL hollow `shaft, to provide room for acol1ar .33,`whichissheld on the sleeve 32 by thefpin A34`Ian`d limitsthe endwise movement ofthe shaft` 28. The upper ypart 35 only of i' thesleeve 32 isV threaded to. receive lthe on, I
threadedportion of the feed rod 36. The lowery portion 137. of theinterior of the sleeve 32 forms a bearing for the feed rod 36l theintermediate portionA of the interior "of the sleeve32 being cut away,as shown in v Fig. 6,A to provide a clearancespace for-'the threaded.portion of the feed rodV when the same is lowered inthe sleeve 32..
The upper portionV 3,7 of the feed rod 36 is reduced in diameter, asshown in Fig. 6, to receive a crossfbar 38 of. a combined clamp and toolsupport'. filhis crossLbar 38 extends laterally of the intermediateportions 11 and 24C, as viewed in Fig. 1, and it is for the par-V poseof. allowing room for the. combined clamp and tool support that thespace betweenV the intermediate portions 11 and is greater than thespace between the body n'iembers 10 and The feed rod 36 is pro-. .a
vided with a handle by means of which it may be turned. e On the reducedportion 37 of the feed rod 36 and above the crossbar 38 is rigidlyinonnted a gear 39 of any convenientdiameter and pitch'. The upperV faceof the cross-bar 38` is provided. with holes a() and lil, of suitable.,diameter and-.f
depth, parallel to andequidjistant from the holey for the feed. Vrod 36,to receive the lower ends ofv the auxiliary feed rods 42 and, 43.
stood that l' may `malte the thread of thev feed rod l36 left handed andthe threads ,on the'auxiliary feed rods42and 13 right handed, withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention,- the onlyrequisite beingthat the gear 39 thereon, meshing withthe gears all anda-5, will turnlthe threaded auxiliary rods 42 and 43 in such a ldirection as to movethe cross-bar38 toward or from theV clamping member 4 6, which isVprovided with longitni dinally Vthreaded holes fl?, 48, and 49, tore-Aceive the feed rods 36., 42 and t3 respectively. Cover Aplates 71 forthe gears 39, ist andV and rods 3.7, 42 `and i3 are provided,- beingheld in position on the cross-bar 38 by screws.
'72. Theupper end of the clamping member 46 is provided kwith V-shapedgrooves'() and 51, the extreme outer ends of VVwhich are provided with,outwardly and upwardly extending projections 52,V (as viewed in Fig. 6)which are adapted to co-operate with the clamping arms 12 and 25. On the`feed rod 36 beneath the crossfbar 38, is provided a nut 53 threadedonto Vthe rod 36 vand between the upper end of this nut and the lowerface of the cross-bar is a coil spring 54 and the collar 55. which ispreferably formed integral with the nut .53. The tension of the springfhis adjusted 'by moving the nut 53 on theA feed rod 36, and thenut iskheld in adjusted position by the screw 56, This construction allows thecutting mechanism on the` crossbar 38v to. be yieldingly held againstthe pipe being worked on, as there is ampie space or clearance betweenthe'lower face of the cross-bar 38 and the top of the collar 55 when thespring is fully compressed, as is evident from an inspection of Fig. 6.
Centrally located on either end of the cross-bar 38 are laterallyprojecting studs 57 and 58, on which are pivotally mounted the cutterholders 59 and 60 respectively. The cutter holders are composed ofplates 6l and 62, each being provided on their inner face with centrallylocated longitudinal grooves 63 in which is placed the cutter 64. Nearthe upper end of the plates 6l and 62 of the cutter holders are alignedperforations on either side of their longitudinal center, to receivethereduced threaded ends of the rods and 66. Nuts 67 clampV the plates 6land 62 firmly to the rods 65 and 66, this operation also clamping thecutter 64 in position in the grooves 63 in the plates. The portions ofthe clamping member 46 containing the V-shaped grooves 50 and 5l areperforated, as at 68, to allow the cutters 64 to be fed therethroughinto engagement with the conduit or pipe to be worked on.
The distance between the parallelly arranged rods 65 and 66 is greaterthan the -thickness of the clamping member 46 at this point, being equalto the depth of the cutters 64, so that, as the cutter'bars 59 and 60oscillate on the studs 57 and 58 respectively, the operative cuttingedge of the cutter will be in line with the line joining the center ofthe pipe 69, being worked on, and the center of the studs 57 and 58, asclearly shown in Fig. 6. By this construction a straight parallelsidedcutter 64 may be used with the assurance that there will always beproper clearance for the cutting edge, as clearly shown in Fig. 4. Whenthe cutter requires sharpening, the top vend only of the cutter need beground.
The operation of my invention is as follows:
The feed rod 36 is rotated to lower the upper face of the cutters 64below the` V- shaped grooves 50 and 5l. The arm 2l is raised to unlockthe toggle joint, and disengage the projection 8 from the groove i3. Theclamping and bearing faces l2 are placed over the conduit or pipe to beoperated on, the projection 8 dropped into the groove 13, andthe bodymembers l0 and 23 and associated parts locked together by depressingtlie arm 2l. Handle 29 is now turned to rotate the hollow shaft 28,moving the feed rod 36 and all mechanism associated therewith upwarduntil the V-shaped grooves 50 and 5l engage with the lower portion ofthe pipe 69. l assume that the cutting apparatus of the presentinvention is to be used after the longitudinal grooves or slots havebeen cut in the conduit or pipe by the `cutting apparatus described andclaimed in my co-pending application Serial No. 345,284, filed Dec. 16,1919. The apparatus of the present invention is therefore, moved alongthe conduit or pipe until in proper position` with relationto thelongitudinal slots referred to, when the handle is operated to turn thefeed screw 36 and i tion, and of any suitable length. As the cuttingedge becomes dulled, the cutter may be sharpened by simply grinding theend thereof, and it may be thus sharpened indefinitely until the rod istoo short to be acted on by the clamping bolts 65 and 66 and nuts 67.This type of tool and tool holder is extremely practical and economical,as it has been found that the cutter may be used until it is less thanthree quarters of an inch in len h.
'lhe drawings illustrate one embodiment of my invention, and it is to beunderstood that l may vary the size, shape, and arrangement Iof theelements shown without4 departing from the spirit of the invention.i/ilhile I have shown the apparatus embodying a plurality, i. e. a pairof cutting cutters, it will be appreciated that the invention, broadlyconsidered, may be embodied with a single cutter or with a greaterplurality of cutters than the pair herein shown. Furthermore, animportant feature of this apparatus consists in the fact that the cutteroscillates from one cutting position to the reverse during theoscillation of the entire apparatus, consequently each cutter presentstwo cutting corners or edges and these cutting edges are automaticallybrought into cutting operation through the oscillation of thecutters,-this is on the pivots 57 and 58 during the normal operation ofthe entire apparatus through the swinging to and fro of the handle 70.This feature is most iinportant, greatly increasing the life of thecutters and insuring the quick cutting action automatically digging ineach corner of the tool to increase the line of cut. A further importantfeature is the fact that the portions 52 constitute a guard or guide forthe depth of cutting action of each cutter, these portions 52 contactingwith the outer face of the pipe at different relative positionsproportionately determined by the diameters of the pipe being actedupon. I believe this action to be a distinct novelty in this art and lwish to claim the same broadly.
An additional importa-nt feature of the machine is the automaticadjustment of each After the cutter and guard for different diameters ofpipe, and with a large range-from one-half inch diameter' to an inch andal half diaineter, five sizes of pipe for which a singlev mae chine iscapable of operating upon.
Having thus described my invention, what l claim and desire to secure byLetters; Patent, is
l. A machine of the class described adapted for forming spaced cuts,having a pair of pivotally mounted cutters provided with cutting edgesat either side thereof, means /for oscillating said cutters on theirpivot points to bring said cutting edgesalternately ifi into cuttingposition, and means for moving provic ed with cutting edges at eitherside. if? thereof, means for oscillating said cutters on their pivotpoints to bring said cutting edges alternately into cutting position,means to move said cutters into and out of engagement with the work,simultaneously,
30 andy means for yieldingly holding said cutters against the work.
3. A machine of the class described, comprisinga body having hingedmembers, means for locking the hinged members together to suspend thebody on the conduit or pipe, a hollow shaft, movable longitudinally ofthe body, a feed screw mounted for rotation and longitudinal movement insaid hollow shaft, a plurality of cutters mounted on said feed screw,auxiliary clamping or positioning means also mounted on said feed screw,and means for moving said hollow shaft longitudinally of the body toposition the auxiliary clamping or positioning means and said cutters onthe conduit or pipe. Y
4. A machine of the class described, inw cluding a body member and meansassociated therewith for positioning the machine on the work, a crossbarlocatedsbelow and parallel to said associated means, oscillatory cutterholders pivotally mounted at their lower ends on either side of saidcross-bar, and means near the upper end of the cutter holders forconnecting the saine and limiting the oscillatory movement thereof.
5. A machine of the class described, including a body member and meansassociatedltherewith for positioning the machine on the work, across-bar located below and parallel to said `associated means,oscillatory cutter holders pivotally mounted at their lower ends oneither side of said cross-bar, means near the upper end of the cutter'hold- 66 ers for connecting the same and limiting the faence,
oscillatory movement thereof, and perforations in said asseciatedn'ieansthrough therewith for positioning the machine onthel work, a cross-barlocatedi below an'diparallel t0 said associated means, oscillatorycutter holders pivotally mounted at their lower ends on either side ofsaid crossfbar, means near the upper end of the cutter holders forconnecting the same and limiting the oscillatory movement thereof, aplurality' of parallel threaded shafts rotatably mounted inV saidcross-bar and engaging in threaded holes, in the said associated means,gears mounted on said threaded shafts and engaging with each other sothat the shafts rotate at the same speed and simultaneously, and Ymeansfor rotating one of said shafts.
7. A machine of the class described adapted for forming cutssimultaneously transversely of a cylindrical rod or pipe, including across-bar, a pair of cutters pivotally mounted, means foroscillatingsaid'cutters on their pivot. points, a threaded feedrod, agear thereon, aA rotatable threaded rod parallel to and on either sideof said feed; rod, gears on said parallelrods equal in diameter andpitch to the gear on the feed rod, where- ,Y0 Y ing a body member vand,means associated Y by the parallel rods are rotated at the same speed asthe feed rod, a positioningbar into which said parallel rods and feedrod are threaded, and means for rotating'said feed rod whereby thecross-bar is moved parallel to and towards and away from the positioningbar.
8. A machine of the vclassfdescribed adapted for forming parallel cutssimultaneously transversely of a cylindrical rod or pipe, in,- cluding across-bar, a. pair of cutters pivot-- ally mounted, means foroscillating said cutters on their pivot points, a threaded feedy rod, agear thereon, a rotatable Vrod parallel to and on either side of saidfeed rod, the threads lon said parallel rods being of the same pitch butof opposite direction to the thread on said feed rod, gears on .saidparallel rods equal in diameter and pitch to the gear on the feed rod,whereby the parallel rods are rotated at the same speed as the feed rod,a positioning bar into which said parallel rods and feed rod arethreaded, and means for rotating said. feed rod, whereby the cross-baris moved parallel to and towardsV and away from the positioning bai. Y'
9. A machine of the class describedV for forming parallel cutssimultaneously transverselyk of a cylindrical rod 0r pipe, including afeed rod, a cross-bar thereon, cutters carried by said cross-bar,adjustable means on said feed rod, a spring on said feed rod belowthecross-bar, and means on said Afeed rod for adjusting the tension ofsaid spring. 10. il machine of the class described for forming parallelcuts simultaneously transversely of a cylindrical rod or pipe,comprising means for suspending the machine from the rod or pipe ico-acting therewith to hold the machine in Vposition on the rod or pipe,a plurality of y ter on the rod or pipe, and means for oscillating saidcutter on its pivot to bring the cutting edges alternately into cuttingposition.
12. A machine of the class described, adapted for cutting a slot in arod or pipe transversely of the length thereof, including a support, atwo-edged cutter pivotally mounted thereon, means on the support forattaching the machine to the rod or pipe, and means for oscillating saidcutter on its pivot to bring the cutting edges alternately into cuttingposition.
13.` A machine of the class described having a cutting member, clampingmeans t0 hold said member into cutting engagement with the workingmeans, said clamping means cooperating with the cut-ting member toautomatically cause alternate cutting portions of the cutting member tobe presented to the work during the oscillation of the ap varatus.
14. machine of the class described, having a pivoted cutting member,clamping means to hold Said member into cutting engagement with thework, means providing for the oscillation of the cutting member andcooperating with a to and fro swinging movement of the machine wherebyopposite cutting corners in said member are automatically brought intosuccessive work cutting engagement during the oscillation of theapparatus.
15. In a machine of the class described,
cutting tool adapted to cut a groove in work during the oscillatingmovement. of the apparatus comprising a pivotal mounting for saidcutting tool, means permitting predetermined independent oscillation ofthe cutting ,tool during oscillation of the apparatus and means toincrease the depth of cut at will.
16. Pipe cutting apparatus of the kind position, means for describedhaving a pivotally mounted cutter, i plurality of cutting edges on saidcutter, and means to successively bring different cutting edges intowork engaging position through oscillation of the apparatus, incombination with means to hold the aoparatus in worlr engaging positionon the pipe.
17. Pipe cutting apparatus comprising a pivotally mounted cutting tool,and pipe engaging means to hold the apparatus into .vorlr engagingpositionwith the pipe, including clamping devices to cooperate with thecutting tool and limit the depth of cut, in combination with adjustablecutter feeding means to increase the depth of cut of the cutterindependently of the clamping members.
18. Pipe cutting apparatus having pipe engaging members, a cutting tooladapted to oscillate between said pipe engaging members and means toautomatically bring successive edges into cutting position by theoscillation of the pipe cutting tool relatively with the Yengagingmembers during the operation of the apparatus.
19. Pipe cutting apparatus having pipe engaging members, a cutting tooladapted to oscillate between said pipe engaging members and means toautomatically bring successive edges into cutting position by theoscillation of the pipe cutting tool relatively with the engagingmembers during the operation of the apparatus, in combination with meansto `predetermine the extent of oscillation of said cutting toolrelatively with the pipe engaging members.
20. A machine of the class described, adapted for completing the cuttingof a slot in a cylindrical rod or pipe, including a plurality ofpivotally mounted two-edged cutters, spaced apart for completing theslot .cutting action transversely of the length of the pipe, means foroscillating said apparatus relatively with the pipe to bring the cuttersinto action and means for simultaneously feeding forwardl7 the saidplurality of cutters to increase the depth of out.
21. A. machine of the class described, adapted for cutting a. slot in acylindrical rod or pipe, transversely of the lengt-h thereof, includingcutting means adapted for eiiecting a cutting action in alternatedirections during relative movement of said cutting means and the pipe.
22. A machineV of the class described, adapted for cutting a slot in acylindrical rod or pipe, transversely of the length thereof, including aplurality of oscillating cutters adapted for effecting a cutting actionin alternate directions during relative movement of said plurality ofoscillating cutters and the pipe.
23. Pipe cutting apparatus having pipe engaging clamping members, aplurality of pivotally mounted cutting tools mounted lili foroscillation independentl of any movement imparted to the clampingmembers` and means automatically determined by the diameter of the pipeand by the action of the clamping members to position che plurality ofcutting tools in operative anemem-l and engagement with the pipe.
In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, inthe presence of mvo subscribing Witnesses.
ARCHIBALD T. SAMPS-ON. VVtnesSes: n
JAMES R. HOUDER, RAOHAEL L; CLARK.
|
2024-03-22
|
1919-05-08
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1923-12-18"
}
|
US-45511730-A
|
Glass grinding and polishing machine
Oct. 10, 1933.
H. J. CAPELLMAN, sa 1,930,383 GLASS GRINDING AND POLISHING MACHINE FiledMay 23. 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet l 0 Z7 4 g ZG HATToRNEY til Patented Oct.10,
UNITED sTATEsY This provements in GLAss GRTNDING AND PoLIsHTNG MACHINEHubert Capellman,
y Application'May 7 Claims.
invention relates to certain novel imglass grinding and polishingmachines and has for its principal object the provision of an improvedconstruction of this character which will be highly efficient in use andeconomical in manufacture.
Another object of the sion of Va construction of herein by means ofwhich plates or like articles may invention is the provithe characterescribed the edges ci glass be rapidly finished with a minimumexpenditure of labor.
The new finishing machine includes a movable abrasive, a along thetrackway trackway,
to and from the abrasive,
a carriage movable and article holding means cn the carriage movable,
relative to the carriage, to and from the abrasive; and other objects ofthe invention are:
to provide a novel article -holding means; to provide a novelarrangement of the article holding means on the novel arrangement ingmeans, relative to -the abrasive.
Other objects will appear The invention consists in carri for moving thearticle-holdthe carriage, to and from age; and to provide a hereinafter.the `novel combination and arrangement of parts to `be hereinafterdescribed and claimed.
The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanyingdrawings, showing the preferred form of construction and in which: Fig.1 is a sectional view taken substantially on-the line 1-1 in'Fig.
2, showing a preferred Yconstruction of themachine;
Fig. 2 is a sectional View substantially on the line2-2 in Fig. 1';
Fig. 3 is a detailed stantially on the line 3 sectional view taken sub-3 in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view showing certain features of theinvention;
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a unit embodied in the invention;
Fig. 6 is a modiiied fo block of abrasive material embodied in vention;and Fig. 7 is a assembled for use.
Among the objects of which will expeditiously provision of a machineconstruction of a the inrm of perspective View of the invention thisinvention is the grind and polish the edges of glass plates which areadapted to be mounted and used in various ways in which such plates areused in the arts such as in automotive vehicles windshields, doors,
or the like. Referring t a preferred constructio shown, and referring mo the drawings wherein n of the invention is ore particularly to Fig.
Sr., South Chicago, Ill.
23, 1930; Serial N0. 455,117
'7 the invention includes PATENT OFFICE a carriage 10 which is adaptedto support a plurality of glass plates '11 and this carriage is adaptedto be fixed in position on a housing 12 in which are disposed mechanismsactuated by a motor 13 which re- 5D ciprocally moves a slab 14 ofsuitable abrasive material against theedges of the glass plates. Inarranging the invention for use, carriage -10 platform 1`5 which isslidably mounted on a includes the braces to leg portions 18 16 and 17which are secured by suitable connecting Yelements such as nails 19 orthe like. Provided on the platform are guidin are adapted to communicadisposed in alignment with provided in the housing-12.
includes legs troughs 20 and 21 so l1 are inserted into position,described presently, the carriage moved slidably 'from the platformhousing 12. 1
g troughs 20 which te with and to be guiding troughs 21 "m The carriage10 22 which*y are slidable in the that when the glass plates in a mannerto be 10 `may' be Q5 15 onto the The carriage 1o includes a movabletable -23 in which the plates 11 are secured in a manner to be describedpresently and this table is movable vertically through the medium of abar 24 and counterbalance weights 25 which are supported by cables whichare attached to 26 suspended on pulleys 21,
the table23. Included in Ythe carriage 10 are side portions 28 whichprovide supporting legs Disposed between the 29 and foot portions 30.legs '29 and attached thereto by means of suitable connecting elementssuch as screws 31 are end portions Referring now particularly it will beseen that l to Figs. 1 and 2, 5 there are provided on one side of thecarriage 10 two similar-brackets 33 which provide right angularlyextending flanges as screws 35. Projecting these studs are arms tions ofwhich bar .proved manner such mounted on the arms 3'7 by 37, intheopposite end por- 24 is mounted in any apas by riveting. Pivotally meansof suitable connecting elements such as studs 38 are the end portions 39of the table 23. approved manner to these en the table 23 are the cableopposite ends, are
Secured in any d portions 39 of s 26 which, at their secured in anyapproved manner to the counterbalance weights 25. `These cables areguided tatably supported on stub in the pulleys 27 shafts which are ro-40, and these shafts 40 are supported by brackets 41 which include footportions 42. The foot portions 42 are secured to the end portions'32 bymeans of suitable connecting elements such as screws 43. It will bemanifest, therefore, that when the bar 24 is raised and lowered on thesupporting studs 36 the table 23 will likewise be raised and loweredsince the bar 24 is attached to the end portions 39 of the table and itwill be seen that as the table 23 is raised the counterbalance weights25 will be lowered on cables 26.
Included in the table 23 and extending between the end portions 39 areside portions 44 and 44 Which are secured to the end portions .',thisconnection there opening 45 in the side ing through this opening is ahub flanged portion 56 and this collar is position, I provide an arm 58which ,collar 52 and discs 39 in any approved manner such as by=we1dingand supported by these sideportions V39 are the mechanisms now to bedescribed forclamping the glass plates 1l in position and for turningthese plates to expose the diierent edges of the plates to the action ofthe abrasive slab 14'. In is provided a cylindrical 46, at the inner endof which is a disc 47 carrying a ball race 48. A centrally disposedcylindrical opening is formed in the hub 46 and projecting through this,opening is a shaft 49 which carries a disc 50at its inner end.Diametrically opposed aligned openings are provided in the discs 47and'50 and these openings motion. Carried by the hub 46 exteriorly ofthe side portion 44 of the table is a collar 52 whichincludes a securedto the hub 46 by means of a stud 53. Referring particularly to Fig. 5 itwill be seen that a notch v57 is provided in the flanged portion -lar52.r To effectuate locking the hub 46V and Aattached disc` 47, and shaft49 and attached disc 56 of -col- 50 against rotatory movement when 'theglass plates 11 and resilient plates 55 are is secured to the sideportion 44 of the table 23 by means of a suitable riveted stud 59. Atongue is formed in the arm 581 and when this tongue Lis engaged in thenotch 56 it'will be seen that the rotatory movement. The outer endthreaded interiorly portion of the yhub 46 is vvas indicated at 53 and athreaded thumb screw 54 is threaded therein. It will be manifest,therefor,ethat when the thumb screw 54 is. threaded into the hub 46 theinner end of this screw will abut theouter end of shaft 49' and as thethumb screw 54 is tightened the shaft `49 and` attached disc 50 willprovided for securing a gripping action between and against the glassplates.
A cylindrical opening is provided in the side portion 44 of `table 23and projecting through this opening is a hub 61 which carries a disc itsinner end and portion 44 and project- SCIGWS 83.
one end of which is secured to the hub 61 and the opposite end of whichis attached to the collar in any approved manner such as by screw 67. Aslot 68 is provided in the collar 65 and projecting upwardly in thisslot is the key 64. It will be apparent, therefore, that when collar 65is retracted against the force of spring `66 the collar will be guidedon the hub 61 by means of the key 64 and when collar 65 is in retractedposition the hub 61 and attached disc 62 are rotatable therewith sincethe key 64 on hub 61 engages the collar 65 in the slot 68. Suitableradial arms 69 are provided inthe collar 65 to facilitate retracting thecollar 65 and likewise to facilitate rotating the collar 65, hub 61 anddisc 63.
Assuming that the glass plates 11 and adjacentresilient plates 55 havebeen disposed in position, as best shown in Figs. 2 and 7, it will bemanifest that when the thumb screw 54' is screwed lnwardly the inner endthereof end of hub 49 and disc'56 will be forced into grippingengagement against the resilient plates 55 and the glass plates 11 willbe forced against the discv 62. In this manner the glass plates 11 areretained in position during the grinding and polishing of the edgeportions of the glass plates which action will be described hereinafter.To facilitate turning the different edges of theplates into polishingposition I provide a iiangedportion onthe collar 65 and formed at 90intervals in this flanged portion are suitable notches 71 which areadapted to lengage a tongue 72 which pro- It will be maninotches 71,preventing rotation of disc 62, and in this manner the glass plates aresecured in polishing position and prevented against rotatory movementduring the grinding and polishing operationy to be described presently.
The housing 12 is preferably mounted on any fiat surface providing asuitable base 76 to which g are secured together by means of suitableconnecting elements such as screws 75. Formed in the end portions 74 onthe inner sides thereof are offset portions 78 which provide shoulders79 and mounted on these shoulders are rails 80 which have longitudinallyextending slots 84 formed therein providing iianges 81 and 82. Theserails 82 are secured to the sides 73 of the housing by means of suitableconnecting elements such as There are nally extending iianges 85interiorly of which and these plates in turnv provided on the rails 82longitudi- 'un no aregrooves 86, and shelves vany approved manner suchas vby Ldisposed on the and mounted on 87 are provided n- In lthisconnection the carriage 10 in means of suitable pins 89 and these wheelsinclude flanges 90 which travel in grooves 86. There is preferably oneof these wardly Vof .the grooves 86.v wheels 88 are mountedpn wheels 88at. each corner of the carriage 10 and ywhen 'the carriage .'10 isshelves 87 the wheels 88 guide the carriage and prevent lateral movementthereof. a
Transversely extending plates .91 :are mounted slidably in the slots 84provided in the rails 82 the upper surface of these plates Vis alongitudinally extending plate 92 which supports a table 93 is mountedand this table includes upwardly extending end portions 93. Suitableconnecting elementssuch as threaded screws 94 secure together forreciprocalmovement the slab 14, table 93, plate 92 and plates 91.lTheheads of these Vscrews areV preferably rcountersunk and the threadedend portions Acarry threaded nuts 95. A bracket 96 is connected to theplate 92 at the .under side kthereof by means of suitable screws 97 orthe like. A suitable opening 1s provided in .bracket 96 and projectingthrough this opening and ,through openings formed in anarm 97 is `a pin98 which carries keys 99 to effectuate movbetween the arm 97 andtheeffectuate reciprocal rectilinear able connection bracket 96. To
vmovement of the abrasive slab 14 and attached units I provide aneccentric arm 100,r the upper end portion of which is journaled on a pin101 which projects through openings provided 1n arm 97 and in arm 100and keys 102 are vprovided in suitable openings formed in the endportions of pin 101. The lower end portion of arm 97 is rotatablymounted on a rod 128 which is mounted in suitable openings formed in theside walls 73 of the housing 12 and this rod provides a bearing surfaceof the arm 97. Spacing collars 129 are provided on the rod 128.
Provided at the end portion of the eccentric arm 100, opposite the endconnected to arm 97, is a suitable split bearing 103 of any approvedtype and this bearing is mounted on an arm 104 which projects from aneccentric wheel 105. The eccentric wheel 105 is rigidly mounted on androtatable with a shaft 106 which is journaled in asuitable bearing 107which is attached to one of the side Walls 73 of the housing 12 by meansof suitable connecting elements such as screws 108. The shaft 106projects outwardly from the housing 12 Yand is connected in any approvedmanner to a suitable source of motive power such as motor 13. In thisconnection I provide a housing 109 in which suitable gears are housedfor effectuating connection between the motor 13 and shaft 106.
It will be manifest, therefore, that when the glass plates 1l aredisposed in position in the carriage 10 and the motor 13 operated therotatcry movement of shaft 106 operated by motor 13 will be convertedinto reciprocal rectilinear movement by means of the eccentric wheel 105and arm and thus reciprocal rectilinear movement will be imparted to thepolishing slab 14 and attached table 93 which are carried on plate 92.It will be seen, therefore, that when the glass plates 11 are disposedin position in the carriage 10 in the manner described above, with oneedge portion of the plates disposed on slab 14, the reciprocal action ofslab 14 against the ,side wall 73 of the housing on'which the slab 14`edges `of the plates 11 will effectuate the polishing of the edges oftheplates;-
In order to prevent any 'tendency to longituf dinal movementof'thecarriage 10 when the slab 14 `andassociated parts are in operation Ipro- L which are attachedpto one 12 Vby means o'f Vsuitableconnectingelements such as screws 111 and these bracket arms carry a rod 112 onVwhich vide bracket arms 110 is.Y mounted a dog 113 and this dog includesa Y '114 which is adapted to be 1inprovided in a block 115 tongueportion serted into a notch 123 which is secured to the carriage 23 by.means of suitable screws 116.
To collect the dust issuing from the ,plates 11 andthe abrasive 14,which may be of .any suitable material such as carborundum or the like,I provide receptacles 117 in the housing 12 and communicating with thesereceptacles are openings 118 provided between chutes 119` and the endwalls 74 of housing 12. The chutes 119 are attached to the inner sidesof the side walls 73 of the housing 12 in any approved manner such as bywelding. It will be seen, therefore, that the dust produced duringishing operation will be diverted downwardly between the rails 80 intothe receptacles 117 which maybe secured to the bottom or end walls ofthe housing in any suitable manner `such as by Welding. Further toprevent the yescape of dustI provide a'housing 120 over the polishingslab `14 and formed in'this housing is an opening 121 of suitable sizeto enable the plates 1l to be lowered therethrough into contact with thepolishing slab 14. Y
VLugs 124 are vattached tothe housingv l12' by means of screws 125 andthese lugs include rightangularly extending arms 127v which projectinwardly from the side walls 73 of the housing. When the carriage 10 isin position on the housing 12 the arm portions of these lugs restadjacent the foot portions 30 of the carriage and in this manner preventthe carriage from being tipped sidewardly.
the grinding and pol- I In Fig. 6 a modified form of construction for120 the polishing slab 14 is provided and in this instance the slab hasgrooves 122 formed therein in spaced relationship and in use the edgesof the plates 14 are disposed in and guided in these grooves.
From the foregoing description of my invention it will be seen that Ihave provided a glass grinding and polishing machine which isparticularly adaptable for grinding and polishing the edges of glassplates automotive vehicles or in like uses and which while effectivelyserving its many other objects will be highly efficient in use andeconominal in manufacture.
While I have illustrated and described the preferred form ofYconstruction for carrying my invention into effect, this is capable ofvariation and modification, without departing from the spirit of theinvention. I, therefore, do not wish to be limited to the precisedetails of construction set forth, but desire to avail myself of suchvariations and modifications as come within the scope of the appendedclaims.`
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire toprotect by Letters Patent is:
1. In a finishing machine, the combination with a trackway, of acarriage adapted to be moved along said trackway and including means forsupporting a plurality of articles to be nnsuch as are used in lveying'abrasive m 'ished, finishing mechanism inclu onto which saidcarriageV may nishing mechanism including finishing member, and chuteing member.
2. In a finishing machine, t with 'a trackway,
ding a trackway be moved, said a reciprocatory members for conaterialaway from said nishhe combination of a carriage adapted tobe moved alongsaid trackway and including means for, supporting a4 plurality of articles to be iinished, 'finishing mechanism including aA track- Way ontowhich' said carriage may be moved from the first-mentionedtrackway, saidfinishing mechanism including a reciprocatory nishing member, chutemembers for sive material conveying abraaway from said finishingmember,l
and pan members adapted to receive abrasive material discharged fromsaid 3. In a machine for simultan or guiding corresponding parts of theedges of a chute members. eously polishing peripheral plurality ofarticles, a trackway, a
movable abrasive, a carriage for the articles,
movable along `the trackway, mechanism mounted on and. to the carriageto and from that selected corresponding part .eral edges of the articlesmay be abrasive when thelatter is movi .nism holding the articles in thec selected edge parts ythereof in c article carrying movable relativevthe abrasive, so
s of the periphabraded by the ng, Vsaid mechaarriage with the ontactWith the abrasive, and including means for' simultaneously .revolvingall the articles, when .moved from the abrasive, so parts thereof may beabraded the mechanism is that other edge when -the mechanism is movedback to theabrasive.
4. An article nishing machine, comprising a movable abrasive] atrackway, riage movable along the trackw an article caray` to and fromvto and from Vthe abrasive, said and from the abrasive,
means for revolving the faces thereof successively abrasive.` y 1 .f 5.An article nishing machine, comprising a movable abrasive, a trackway,an article carriage movable along the trackway to and from the abrasive,counterbalanced article-holding means on the carriage movable, relativeto the carriage, means including means for revolving the articles tobring surfaces thereof successively into contact with the articles tobring surinto contact with the abrasive, anda member'movably mounted on'said carriage for moving -said article-holding means relative to thecarriage.
6. An article nishing machine, comprising a movable abrasive, anVarticle carriage, articleholding means on the carriagel movable,relative to and from the abrasive, means on the carriagecounter-balancing the article-holding means, and a member movablyVmounted on the carriage for moving the articlecarriage, toward
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2024-03-22
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1930-05-23
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1933-10-10"
}
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US-62259645-A
|
Safety device for valve gear of expansible chamber motors
July 8, 1947. J. NAAB ETAL SAFETY DEVICE FOR VALVE GEAR OF EXPANSIBLECHAMBER MOTORS Filed Oct. 16, 1945 7 INVENTORS THE R ATTORN EY- PatentedJuly 8, 1947 SAFETY DEVICE FOR VALVE GEAR OF EXPANSIBLE CHAll/IBER-MOTORS Julius Naab and Richard Ostwald, Easton, Pa., assignors toIngersoll-Rand Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New JerseyApplication October 16, 1945, Serial No. 622,596
3 Claims.
This invention relates to safety devices, and more particularly to asafety device for a pressure fluid actuated engine of the reciprocatorypiston type.
One object of the invention is to prevent the operation of the engine atunsafe speeds.
A more specific object is to prevent the distribution of pressure fluidto the piston chamber whenever the speed of the engine exceeds a certainpredetermined rate.
Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed outhereinafter.
In the drawings accompanying this specification and in which similarreference numerals refer to similar parts,
Figure l is a longitudinal side elevation of an engine equipped with asafety device constructed in accordance with the practice of theinvention.
Figure 2 is an enlarged plan view, partly broken away, taken throughFigure 1 on the line 2-2 looking in the direction indicated by thearrows, and
Figure 3 is a longitudinal view, partly in section, taken through Figure2 on the line 3-3 looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.
Referring more particularly to the drawings, the invention isshownapplied to a horizontal engine 20 having the usual bed plate 2| and acrank shaft 22 therein carrying a fly wheel 23. On one end of the bedplate is a distance piece 24 to support a cylinder 25 having a pistonchamber 26 to accommodate a reciprocatory piston 21 the rod 28 of whichmay be operatively connected in any Well known manner, to the crankshaft 22.
At the side of the cylinder 25 is a steam chest 29 fcontaining a bushing30 the interior of which constitutes a valve chamber 3| and communicateswith the front and rear ends of the piston chamber 26 through passages32 and 33, respectively. The intermediate portion of the steam chest isrecessed to provide a supply chamber 34 that communicates with theintermediate portion of the valve chamber 3| through ports 35 in thebushing 30, and the admission of steam into the chamber 34 is controlledby a hand-operated throttle valve 36 on top of the steam chest andcommunicating with the chamber 34 through a passage 31.
The steam chest is further recessed to provide exhaust chambers 38 and39 at the front and rear ends, respectively, of the valve chamber, andsaid exhaust chambers may be connected by a passage (not shown) havingan exhaust outlet 40.
The ports 4| and 42 through which the passages 32 and 33, respectively,communicate with the valve chamber 3| are located at suitably spaceddistances from the ends of the valve chamber and are controlled by theheads 43 and 44 of a valve 45 reciprocable in the valve chamber. Theheads 43 and 44 are connected by a stem 45 and are of the same diameterso that their opposed inner surfaces 41 will be of equal area and thesteam acting constantly tl1ereagainst will be ineffective to shift thevalve.
The linkage serving to impart reciprocatory motion to the valve 45 isconnected to the crank shaft 22. It comprises a rod 48 that extendsaxially from the head 43 of the valve and slidably through a cover plate49, at the adjacent end or the valve chest 29, and through an end of abracket 53 spaced from and joined to the cover plate 49 by webs 51. Theintermediate portion 52 of the rod 48 is threaded through an end of ayoke 53 which carries, near its opposite end, a guide bar 54 arranged inparallelism with the rod 48. One end of the bar 54 is slidable in a bore55 in the bracket 55] and its opposite end 56 is slidable in a bushing57 arranged within a cylindrical enlargement 58 at the edge of the plate49. On the end of the yoke, adjacent the bar 54, is an axle 53 thatextends transversely through an end of an arm '60, and a washer 6|overlying the end of the axle and secured thereto by a screw 62 retainsthe arm 69 on the axle.
The arm 50 has a free running fit on the axle 59. Its opposite end ishollow, having a bore 83 to receive an end of a rod 64 the opposite endof which is mounted, for pivotal movement, upon a pin 65 positionedeccentrically on the end of the crank shaft 22. The rod (54 has a slidefit in the bore 63 and is connected to the arm 69 by a pin 6% whichextends through the rod 64 and through the opposed sides of the arm andis so proportioned, for strength, that it will safely withstand thestrains to which it is subjected for normally driving the valve 45 butwill break when subjected to abnormal strains.
The means provided for causing such breaking of the pin 36 is actuatedby the linkage which drives the valve 45 and is preferably arranged, asshown, on the end 55 of the guide bar 54. It comprises a rod 67 that isthreadedly connected to the end 56 of the bar .54, to extend axiallythereof, and at an intermediate portion of the rod fil' is a cylindricalenlargement 58 to act as a stop member for a weight 69 encircling therod 61 between the enlargement 68 and the bar 54.
The weight 69 has a sliding fit in the bushing 57 and on the rod 6! andis of less length than the distance between the enlargement 68 and theend of the bar 54 to permit of a limited degree of endwise movement onthe rod 61. Near the inner end of the weight is an external annu largroove to accommodate an expansion ring H which is normally retainedentirely within the groove 10 by the bushing 51 but will expand to liepartly within the groove 10 and partly over the end surface of thebushing 51 when the weight occupies its outermost limiting position inabutment with the enlargement 58.
Normally, however, the weight 69' abuts the end 56 of the bar 54 and isheld in this position by a spring 72 encircling the rod 6'! and seatingagainst the outer end of the weight. The opposite end of the springengages a spring seat 13 slidable upon the rod 61, and a nut 14 isthreaded on the rod ill, against the seat 73, to Vary the force of thespring 12.
Preferably a cup-like casing '15 is disposed telescopically upon the endof the enlargement 58 to protect the rod 67 and the associated partsfrom exposure to dust and dirt.
During the operation 'of the engine at normal speed, and with the spring'12 correctly adjusted to hold the weight 69 against the bar 54, theweight will reciprocate with the valve 45, and its range of movementwill be of only such extent that the expansion ring II will not passbeyond the end of the bushing 51 but will remain contracted within thegroove 10.
In the event that the engine speed rises to an excessive rate, as whenthe governing apparatus serving to control the speed of the engine failsto function properly, the consequent accelerating speed will cause theweight 69 to be projected relatively to the bar 54 against theenlargement 68. This movement of the weight will cam the expansion ringH out of the bushing 51 and the ring will then expand and engage the endsurface of the bushing 51, thereby forming an interlocking connectionbetween the bar 54 and the casing of the engine. The followingretractive stroke of the rod 64 will cause the pin 66 to be sheared offat the cooperating surfaces of the rod 64 and the arm 60. In this waythe driving connection between the crank shaft 22' and the valve 45 willbe broken.
The valve will then remain stationary in its rearmost limiting positionto valve pressurefluid into the rearward end of the piston chamber 25for holding the piston immovable.
We claim:
1. A safety device for a pressure fluid actuated engine, comp-rising acasing having a piston chamber and supply passages leading to the endsof the piston chamber, a reciprocatory valve to control the supplypassages, a driver, linkage to transmit motion from the driver to thevalve having in its organization a connector adapted to break whensubjected to an abnormal strain for detaching the driver from the valve,and means reciprocable with the valve and acting responsively to asuper-normal speed of the driver for interlockingly engaging the casingto cause the breaking of the connector. w W
2. A safety device for a pressure fluid actuated engine, comprising acasing having a piston chamber and supply passages leading to the endsof the piston chamber, a reciprocatory valve to control the supplypasasges, a driver, linkage to transmit motion from the driver to thevalve having in its organization a pair of members and a connectortherefor adapted to break when subjected to an abnormal strain fordetaching the driver from the valve, a weight actuated by the linkage tonormally reciprocate at the rate of speed of the valve and beingprojected beyond its normal range of movement at a super-normal speed ofthe driver, and means carried by the weight acting to hold one memberstationary and thereby enable the other member to break the connectorwhenever the weight is projected beyond its normal range of movement.
3. A safety device for a pressure fluid actuated engine, comprising acasing having a piston chamber and supply passages leading to the endsof the piston chamber, a riciprocatory valve to control the supplypasages, a driver, linkage to transmit motion from the driver to thevalve having in its organization a pair of members and a connectortherefor adapted to break when subjected to an abnormal strain fordetaching the driver from the valve, a spring-pressed weight actuated bythe linkage to normally reciprocate at the rate of speed of the valveand being projected beyond its normal range of movement at a supernonnalspeed or. the driver, a guide for the weight, and an expansion ring inthe periphery of the weight to eiiect an interlocking connection betweenthe weight and the guide upon projectile motion of the Weight forholding one member stationary and thereby enable the other member tobreak the connector.
JULIUS NAAB. RICHARD OSTWALD.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 689,784 Bradbury et a1. Dec. 24,1901 989,062 Sargent Apr. 11, 1911 1,363,067 TWa Dec. 21, 1920
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2024-03-22
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1945-10-16
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1947-07-08"
}
|
US-44995265-A
|
Spinning nozzle fastener
H. HENCH SPINNING NOZZLE FASTENER Jan. 24, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 FiledApril 22, 1965 FIG-7 INVENTOR Hons Hench ATTOR N EY Jan. 24, 1967 H. HENCH 3, 4
SPINNING NOZZLE FA STENER 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 22, 1965 v I v 13FIG.3
INVENTOR. Hons Hench Jan. 24, 1967 H. HENCH 3,299,471
. SPINNiNG NOZZLE FASTENER Filed April 22, 1965 4 Sheets-Sheet s ATTO RNEY Jan. 24, 1967 H. HENCH SPINNING NOZZLE FASTENER Filed April 22. 19654 Sheets-Sheet 7 a 7 I, R F n 3 w w m. v f 1! 3 INVENTOR Hons HenchATTORNEY United States Patent O "ice 3,299,471 SPINNING NOZZLE FASTENERHans Hench, Aschaifstrasse 75, Aschaifenburg, Germany Filed Apr. 22,1365, Ser. No. 449,952 Claims priority, application Germany, Apr. 27,1964, H 52,519; Oct. 30, 1964, H 54,181 8 Claims. (Cl. 18-8) Thisinvention relates to a spinning device for the manufacture of filamentsfrom synthetic materials. In particular, this invention relates tospinning devices comprising improved means for fastening the spinningnozzle to the feed material source.
It is an object of this invention to provide a spinning device whereinthe spinning nozzle can be installed and removed horizontally from thefront or service side of the spinning equipment.
It is another object of this invention to provide a spinning devicewherein the spinning nozzle can be installed and removed more quicklywithout disturbing air blower ducts beneath the spinning nozzle so thatproduction stop-page due to breakdown requiring an exchange of spinningnozzles can be greatly reduced.
It is another object of this invention to provide a spinning devicewherein the spinning nozzles are fastened to the feed material source bybeing wedge-d thereagainst by means of either wedges or cam surfacespressing against the underside of the spinning nozzle.
It is another object of this invention to provide a spinning device forthe manufacture of filaments from synthetic materials comprising aspinning nozzle having an inlet opening for the receipt of feedmaterial, a nozzle block having an outlet opening communicating withsaid inlet opening for supplying feed material, a mounting plateattached to said nozzle block with said spinning nozzle locatedtherebetween, and either at least two wedges or at least two rotatableshafts having cam surfaces supported by said mounting plate for bearingagainst the spinning nozzle for wedging the spinning nozzle in placeagainst the nozzle block.
In the drawings where like reference numerals denote same or equivalentparts throughout,
FIG. 1 shows the front view of a spinning device of this invention;
FIG. 2 shows a section IIII of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a section IIIIII of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through an alternative constructionof the spinning device of this invention;
FIG. 5 shows a top view of the mounting plate shown in edge view in FIG.4;
FIG. 6 shows a section along the line VI--VI of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 shows a section along line VII-VII of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 shows a section along line VIII-VIII of FIG. 5.
Referring to the form of the device shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, thenozzle housing is preferably of welded construction. The nozzle housingis formed of a nozzle block 1 and a nozzle block 2 which are weldedtogether in the middle with the interposition of aplate 3. At the ends,plates 4 and 5 are also welded on. The shape of the blocks defines anaccess opening towards the service side as can be seen from theindividual views.
The threads emerging fromnozzles 6 and 7 are discharged through anopening 8 in the nozzle block which provides support surfaces 10 and 10for the wedges 9.
At the ends 11, the spinning nozzles are provided with recesses 12 and12. The upper surfaces of these recesses 13 and 13 are inclined at aslight downward angle from the service side to the rear, opposite sideof the device.
3,299,47 1 Patented Jan. 24, 1967 The wedges 9 are shorter than thewidth of the spinning nozzle and the clearances 12 and 12', and theupper surface of each wedge is slightly rounded lengthwise or curved inthe longitudinal direction. This provides a linear area of contactbetween the wedge and the spinning nozzle, preventing a large amount offriction against the nozzles 6 and 7 and preventing jamming of thewedges in the respective recesses.
The nozzles 6 and 7, which in other respects, consist in a known mannerof several parts and inserts, are not a part of invention'and aretherefore not described in greater detail.
The hex head :bolts 17, having a recess in the heads of hexagonalcross-section, extend through a longitudinal passageway through eachwedge and are secured in the passageway by a snap ring 18.
According to the idea of the invention, the assembly bolts secured bysnap rings do not, as in previous devices, project directly through theheated nozzle plate, but rather project through the wedges. These wedgesdo not, however, have a large surface in contact with each of theinclined surfaces of the spinning nozzle, for they are slightly curvedin the longitudinal direction so that between the two surfaces thereresults a linear contact area transverse with respect to the wedges.
According to this invention, the spinning nozzle is fastened by means ofonly two bolts. Therefore, the heat loss from the spinning nozzle ismuch smaller than in previous devices which employed eight bolts thathad to be driven in from below. In addition, it is possi-ble to useweaker bolts because they are exposed to less heat than those employedin previous devices.
Gaskets 14 which are gas-filled annular rings of a highly heat-resistantmaterial are positioned between the spinning nozzle and the nozzle blocksurrounding the opening therethrough. Annular recess seats for the ringcan be provided. The gasket prevents escape of material passing throughthe openings.
Referring to FIGS. 4 through 8, an embodiment of the device of thisinvention is shown wherein there are two shafts provide-d with camssupported in such a way that during their rotation the nozzle is pressedby the cams against the feed insert.
The nozzle block manufactured of high temperature structural steel isdesignated by 21, the feed insert is designated by 22, and the'drawerdike spinning nozzle insert to be pushed as a whole in thedirection of the arrow is designated by 23. This insert consists of anupper part 24 and a lower part 25 between which are arranged thedistributor 26, the filter 27, the strainer 28, the final filter 29, andthe spinning nozzle orifice block 30 The upper part 24 and the lowerpart 25 are connected together. In the nozzle block 21, tapholes 31 areprovided by which mounting plate 32 can be fastener with bolts 33. Thisfastening occurs only once, when the spinning apparatus is initiallyassembled. The bolts 33 need not be removed later, since the spinningnozzle 23 can be replaced in a simpler manner, as shall be shown later.
Two shafts 34 are pivoted in the space 32' defined by the mounting plate32. In FIG. 5 one shaft is omitted; As can be seen, the shafts arearranged in sucha way that they run parallel to the longitudinal edgesof the nozzle 23. a
The ends of the shafts 34 are provided with a square or hexagonal tip34- In this manner the shafts can be turned with a single open-end orbox-end wrench and several cams press against the nozzle simultaneously.On each shaft are attached two cams 35, the effective curved surfaces ofwhich have the shape of a spiral. Each shaft 34 rests on three supportpoints. The support points consist of bearing 36, which are removablyset into circular recesses 37 of the mounting plate 32. Here, thearrangement is such that the bearings 36 and the shafts 34, with theexception of the shaft ends 34, are contained within the mounting plate32. Thus small construction dimensions are attained. Furthermore, aconsiderably larger number of spinning orifices 38 can be incorporatedin the spinning nozzle 30. Removable wearing plates 39 which providebearing surfaces for the cams 35, are inserted in the lower part 25 ofthe spinning nozzle.
If the spinning-nozzle insert 23 is pushed in from the front, i.e., fromthe direction of the arrow, it is guided like a drawer by the contactsurfaces 40 of the nozzle block 1, said contact surfaces assuring thetransfer of heat. If in FIG. 6 the left shaft 34 is turned to the leftand the right shaft is turned to the right, the cams 35 lift thespinning nozzle insert 23 and press its upper surface against the nozzleblock 21, and therefore the insert gas-filled gaskets are pressedtowards the opening 41 of the feed insert 22. From the service side ofthe device, the spinning nozzle 23 can be covered with a plate 42 ofsilumin, so that optimum temperature conditions prevail with the nozzleblock 21. The nozzles are heated in the known manner with biphenyl. Ifspinning nozzl 23 is to be changed, only the shafts 34 must be turned,now in the opposite direction, and the insert can be taken outhorizontally and a new one can be inserted.
According to another characteristic of this embodiment of the invention,the effective curved surfaces of the cams have the shape of a spiralbeginningat th surface of the shaft. This construction is preferredbecause at the beginning of the shaft and cam rotation, the requiredpower is small. If, as furthermore proposed in the invention, each shaftis supported at three points, and if one cam is placed on the shaftbetween each pair of support points, a favorable power distribution canbe achieved in the arrangement. The above-mentioned drawer-like guidanceof the nozzle assures in connection with simultaneous and uniformcontact pressure of the nozzle by means of the cams, an evenlydistributed transfer of heat from the nozzle block to the spinningnozzle.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the invention ashereinabove set forth can be made without departing from the essence andscope thereof, and only such limitations should be applied as areindicated in the appended claims.
Iclaim:
1. A spinning device for the manufacture of filaments from syntheticmaterials comprising: a spinning nozzle having at least one filamentemission orifice; a nozzle block having walls defining a. hollowinterior and having in said walls a filament discharge opening and aspinning nozzle insertion opening; said spinning nozzle situated in saidinterior with each of its orifices facing said discharge opening; andmeans to wedge said spinning nozzle in a fixed position relative to saidnozzle block; said insertion opening having dimensions larger than themaximum dimensions of said spinning nozzle in cross sectional planesfacing the insertion opening; said discharge opening displaced from saidinsertion opening.
2. A spinning device for the manufacture of filaments from syntheticmaterials comprising: a spinning nozzle having at least one filamentemission orifice; a nozzle block having walls defining a hollow interiorand having in said walls a filament discharge opening and a spinningnozzle insertion opening; said spinning nozzle situated in said interiorwith each of its orifices facing said discharge opening; said insertionopening having dimensions larger than the maximum dimensions of saidspinning nozzle in cross sectional planes facing the insertion opening;said discharge opening displaced from said insertion opening;
at least two wedges supported by said nozzle block and tightening meansto cause said wedges to bear against the underside of the spinningnozzle to hold the HOZZIEIIII a fixed position relative to said nozzleblock; said device having a service side for access to said insertionopening, wedges and tightening means.
3. The spinning device of claim 2, said tightening means comprising: abolt extending longitudinally from said service side through apassageway in each wedge, an annular seat in said passageway forsupporting the head of the bolt, a snap-ring mean-s retaining said boltin position in said passageway, threaded holes in said nozzle blockcooperating with the threads of said wedge bolts, whereby the wedges canbe forced into and out of a wedging relationship with the spinningnozzle by turning the wedge bolts in the respective directions.
4. The spinning device of claim 2 wherein an annular resilient seal isprovided between said spinning nozzle and said nozzle block andsurrounding the junction of synthetic material feeding channels innozzle block and nozzle.
5. The spinning device of claim 2 wherein the underside of the spinningnozzle is inclined downward from the service side to the rear side ofthe device, and wherein the upper surface of each wedge is convexlycurved in the longitudinal direction and is shorter in length than thewidth of the spinning nozzle from the service side to the rear sidethereof.
6. A spinning device as claimed in claim 1, said means to wedgecomprising: a mounting plate and partially covering said filamentdischarge opening attached to said nozzle block, and at least tworotatable shafts supported by said mounting plate, said shafts beingprovided with cam surfaces for bearing against the spinning nozzle forwedging the spinning nozzle in place against the nozzle block.
7. A spinning device as claimed in claim 6, said insertion opening andsaid filament discharge opening both having an axis, that of saidinsertion opening being defined by the linear direction of movement ofthe spinning nozzle during insertion and withdrawal, and that of saiddischarge opening being defined by the linear direction of filamentspassing through said emission orifice; the amount of displacement ofsaid discharge opening from said insertion opening being such that theaxis of the in sertion opening is approximately perpendicular to theaxis of the discharge opening.
8. A spinning device as claimed in claim 2, said insertion opening andsaid filament discharge opening both having an axis, that of saidinsertion opening being defined by the linear direction of movement ofthe spinning nozzle during insertion and withdrawal, and that of saiddischarge opening being defined by the linear direction of filamentspassing through said emission orifice; the amount of displacement ofsaid discharge opening from said insertion opening being such that theaxis of the insertion opening is approximately perpendicular to the axisof the discharge opening.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,947,202 2/1934Homier 1812 2,045,722 6/1936 Pierrat et al. 18-8 2,217,743 10/1940Greenwadt 188 2,803,851 8/1957 Baunlich et al 188 3,068,515 12/1962Thomas l8l2 3,203,047 8/1965 Fleming et al. 18-12 X 3,229,330 1/1966Ferrier et al l88 WILLIAM J. STEPHENSON, Primary Examiner,
2. A SPINNING DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FILAMENTS FROM SYNTHETICMATERIALS COMPRISING: A SPINNING NOZZLE HAVING AT LEAST ONE FILAMENTEMISSION ORIFICES A NOZZLE BLOCK HAVING WALLS DEFINING A HOLLOW INTERIORAND HAVING IN SAID WALLS A FILAMENT DISCHARGE OPENING AND A SPINNINGNOZZLE INSERTION OPENING; SAID SPINNING NOZZLE SITUATED IN SAID INTERIORWITH EACH OF ITS SURFACES FACING SAID DISCHARGE OPENING; SAID INSERTIONOPENING HAVING DEMENSIONS LARGER THAN THE MAXIMUM DIMENSIONS OF SAIDSPINNING NOZZLE IN CROSS SECTIONAL PLANES FACING THE INSERTION OPENING;SAID DISCHARGES OPENING DISPLACED FROM SAID INSERTION OPENING; AT LEASTTWO WEDGES SUPPORTED BY SAID NOZZLE BLOCK AND TIGHTENING MEANS TO CAUSESAID WEDGES TO BEAR AGAINST THE UNDERSIDE OF THE SPINNING NOZZLE TO HOLDTHE NOZZLE IN A FIXED POSITION RELATIVE TO SAID NOZZLE BLOCK; SAIDDEVICE HAVING A SERVICE SIDE FOR ACCESS TO SAID INSERTION OPENING,WEDGES AND TIGHTENING MEANS.
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2024-03-22
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1965-04-22
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1967-01-24"
}
|
US-1907358715-A
|
Hub-attaching device.
No. 863,737. PATENTED AUG. 2o, 1907.
J. w. MARLER.
HUB ATTAGHING DEVICE.' APPLIOATIQN IILIED FEB. 21. 1907.
TIE?. l
1HE NoRRls PETER: cc, wAsHlNcwm c. c
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
HUB-ATTACHIN G DEVICE.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Aug'. 20, 1907.
Application led February 21, 1907. Serial No. 358,715.
Io all 'whom it may concern.'
Be it known that I, JAMES W. MARLEP., a citizen of the United States,residing at East Bend, in the county of Yadkin and 'State of NorthCarolina, have invented cei'tain new and useful Improvements inHub-Attaching Devices; and I do declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.
My invention relates to improvements in devices for attaching the hubsof vehicle wheels to their spindles without the use of nuts. v
The object of the invention is to provide a simple, durable andinexpensive device of this character, by means of which the wheel hubmay be quickly and easily locked to its spindle or removed therefrom forcleaning, repairing and lubricating purposes.
With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in theconstruction, combination and arrangement of devices hereinafterdescribed and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a sec tional view through avehicle hub showing my improved device for securing it to the axlespindle; and Fig. 2 is a perspective view of my improved hub-attachingdevice.
My improved attaching device has a cap l, which is adapted to be placedand to fit snugly in the outer end of the wheel hub a, and is providedwith a central opening and with pairs of lugs 2, which are arrangedaround the said opening. Arms 3 have their outer ends pivotally-mountedbetween the pairs of lugs 2 by pins 4 and are provided at their innerends with segment-shaped jaws 5, adapted to engage an annular' groove bnear the outer end of the axle spindle c, so as to lock the hub to thesaid spindle while permitting it to revolve thereon. The sleeve orboxing is indicated at d.
An operating rod 6 extends through the central opening in the cap l andis provided at its outer end with a knob 7. To the inner end of the saidoperating rod is secured a head 8, which is provided with openings 9,through which the arms 3 extend. Each of the said arms is provided witha curved or otherwise suitably shaped cam portion 9 having an inner facel() and an outer face ll, and the openings in the head 8, through whichthe said arms extend, enable said head to engage either of said camfaces according to the direction of movement of said head. A spring 12which is here shown as a coiled extensile spring is' employed tonormally move the head 8 inwardly and cause said head, by coaction'withthe outer cam faces of the arms 9, to move the free ends of the saidarms inwardly so as to engage their segmental jaws with the groove Zz ofthe axle spindle. The said spring l2 is placed on the inner portion ofthe operating rod 6 and bears between the head 8 and the 'cap l.
In oi'der to detach the hub fi'om the axle spindle, it is only necessaryto draw the operating rod 6 outwardly by grasping the knob 7 thereof, soas to cause the head 8 to move outwardly with said rod. As the said headthus moves outwardly, it engages the inner cam faces 10 of the arms 3and hence moves the free ends of said arms outwardly and thereby causestheir segmental jaws to move outwardly from the groove b and clear theouter end of the axle spindle.
It will be understood that any suitable number of arms 3 may beemployed. Four are here shown.
From the foregoing description, taken in connection with theaccompanying di'awings, the construction and opei'ation of the inventionwill be readily understood without requiring a more extendedexplanation.
Various changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details ofconstruction may be resorted to without departing from the principle orsacrificing any of the advantages of this invention, as defined by theappended claims.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters-Patent, is,-
l. The hereindescrihed huh-attaching' device comprising a cap to heplaced in the outer end of a wheel hul), arlns pivotally connected tothe said cap having jaws for engaging with an annular groove iu the axlespindle and further provided with cam portions having outer' and innercam faces, an operating rod mounted in the cap, :i head attached to saidrod and connected to the said arms for engagement with the inner orouter cam faces oi said arms according' to the direction in which saidhead is moved. and a spring normally acting on said head to cause thesame to draw the inner ends of said arms toward each other and keep thejaws thereof in engage nient with the groove of the axle spindle.
2. The herein-descrihed huh-attaching device comprising a cup forattachment to the outer' end of a hub, arms pivotally connected to thesaid cap and having jaws at their inner ends to engage an annular'groove of an axle spindle, a head connected to the said arms and movablewith relation thereto, said head and said arms having coacting camdevices to cause said head to move said arms toward or from each otheraccording to the direction in which said head is moved. a spring to movesaid head in one direction, and means to move said head in the reversedirection.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my presence of two subscribingwitnesses.
JAMES lV. MAKLER.
hand in Witnesses WM. C. PoiNDEx'iEu, J. LEE NORMAN.
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2024-03-22
|
1907-02-21
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1907-08-20"
}
|
US-1383748D-A
|
Molding-machine
E. N. OLSON AND S, SWANSON.
MOLDIM` MACHINE. APPLscAnoN FILED Ammo, 1G20.
Patented J uly 5, 1921.
d SHEETSSHEE l au Lum/Hoz uansan j. JY son/ E. N. OLSON AND s. SWANSUN.
MOLDJNG MACHINE.
APPucAmn HLED Aueso, 1920,
Patented July 5, 1921.
3 SHEETS-SHEET Z NN .WN MY AMWMWWMN E. N. OLSON AND S. SWANSON. NIULDINGMACHINE.
APPLncArlon man maso. :920.
1,388,748. Patented July 5,1921.
3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
HOLDING-MACHINE.
Specification o! Letters rntent.
Patented July 5, 1921.
Application led August 30, 1920. Serial No. 406,901.
To all whom it my'conce'm:
Be it known that we, EnNss'r N. Onion and SWAN Swanson citizens of theUnited Sta-tes, residing at Muskegon, in the county of Muskegon andState of Michifran, have invented certain new and useful rimprovementsin lllolding-lilachines, of which the lfollowing is a specification.
This invention involves improvements in a known type of molding machineswherein are used for urposes of general coperation a rotary tab eadapted to be intermittently operated to bring successive mold boxes ormolds into operating positions beneath a vertically movable corepresser, there being revisions for actuating said core presser to oroe acore into the mold. The operation of the presser is of course in timedrelation to the operation of the rotary table, taking place at a periodwhen the table is stationl'lilith the foregoing in view the presentinvention resides in improved operating means for the core presser,special actuating means whereb the molds are elevated as they aremovedrrom operatin f position to a posltion for lifting out from t erotary table for the removal of the molded article, tother with othernovel details of construction.
In the present instance the molding machine is desi ed primarily for themaking of molded rubber batteryA jars and similar articles ofmanufacture.
In the accompanying drawings` Figure 1 is 'a vertical sectional view ofthe molding table embodying the essential features of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the same;
Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing more particularly themechanism for intermittently o erating the rotary table and controllingt e valves by which the passage of the pressure medium to the pressurecylinder is controlled:
Fig. 4 is a. view on the line 4-4 of Fig. more clearly showing theclutch devices and two of the valve operating members;
Fi 5 isa perspective view of the spring whic eoperates with the clutchpin, and its ofstanding operating projection;
Fig. 6 is a combined view showing in perspective the elements of themold or mold Fig. 7 is a sectional view showing the bottom portion ofthe pit and illustrating in an exaggerated manner the inclined surfacewhich elevates the molds as they pass from operating position to aposition for removal from the rotary table;
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the clutch means showing more clearly therelation of the actuating projection on the bcd with respect to thespring coperating with the clutch lipin, the view being about on theline 8 8 o Fig. 1.
Fi 9 is a detail perspective view of n. detac able auxiliary frame platefor the openings in the rotary table.
Describing the invention specifically, the machine forming the preferredembodiment thereof comprises a stand A, the bed B of which sup orts atone side the rotary table C, and at t e other side carries theoperating.r mechanism generally shown at D by which the table isactuated intermittently` and the valve mechanism similarly operated tocontrol the depression of thc cores as hereinafter set forth. The table(l operates about the axis l consistin of a central trunnion. andsuitable antiriction bearings 2 arc preferably used intemnediate the bedB and the table C. The table C is equipped with a suitable number ofmold or mold box receiving openings 3 seen best in Fig. 2. to which themold boxes 4 may be supplied by hand or otherwise, and similarlyremoved. The mold boxes 4 are seen best in Fig. 6. as comprising aremovable side 5 formed with lugs 6 at its lower edge to enter openings7 in the bottom of the mold box proper :1nd establish un interlockingconnection at this point. Likewise catches 8 at oppositr` ends of themold box are adapted to engage projections 9 at opposite ends of theremovablrl side 5, in an evident manner. The mold box 4 has the Vsidesand ends thereof formed with removable uppermost section la of increasedthickness, thereby establishing shoulders 4" for the pur ose ofcontrollingr the height of the ja rs. i ections of different widths maybe employed to obtatin jars of different depths. Adjacent to shoulders4" the sides and ends of the box 4 have slots 4 Athe pipe 17 andthe pipe18, 4cuttingy therein. On. the bottom of the mold box 4 are one or morecom projections 10 which taper lfromA one end` to the other. On thebottom of the mold box are mold ribs 4 which coact in the moldingoperation to pro duce spaced supporting ribs on the bottom oit' themolded article.
The mold boxes` are designed to be placed in the openins of the rotarytable C as said table rota progressively and intermittently, the saidboxes being thereby carried into position beneath a vertically movableplunger or presser 11 disposed above the table C' and the bed B to coactwith a plug or core 11' in the molding operation. In ,the bed B belowthepresser 11 is formed a pit 121into which the mold box passes as thetable C rotates, so as .to assume its operative position beneath thepresser. When each mold box reaches its .operating position beneath-thepremer the core which is reviously dropped into the mold box upon olastie materiel is caused m move' downwar yinio the same by theoperation of the piston 12'L in the c lincler 13 which is supported by astandar 14 extendin upwardly from the bed of the stand A. gl'hc piston12 is con` nected by a piston rod 15 with the core presser 11 and fluidpressure-pipes 16 and 17 lead to the portions of the cylinder 13 aboveand below r ectively, the piston 129. The pipes 16 and 1 are incommunicationwith a supply pipe ldleading to a reservoir containing any`suitable pressure medium such -as water, oil, air, or the like. At theunion 19 which connects the pipes 16, 17 and 18 is a control valve .ofany suitable type operable by a valve lever 20 which in one positioncauses communication between the pipe 18 and the pipel, and in anotherposition establishes communication between oli' the Acommunicationbetween the pipes 1 and 18 and vice versa.
The means to operate the velvedevice including the lever 20 comprises apair of pendant kicker bars or actuating members 21 and Q, arranged in4proper relation to op eratn cams which comprise notched portionsprovided in grooves 24 of a. main vulve operating member 25. Theoperating member 25 consists 4of a constantly Adriven approximatelycircular element mounted on e drive shaft 26 operated in any suitablemanner by a fixui pulley -27 :adjacent to the loose pulley 28. The shaft261s driven constantly during the use of the machine and the notches 23are located approximately 120 degrees apart in relation to the peripheryof the grooves 24 so that during each revolution of the member 25, thevalve 29 previously referred to is opened once and `closed once. Thisaction of the valve results in u downward stroke of the presser 11 andan upward stroke, lowering and raising the 'same' into and out of egem.-ent ectively with the mold cori?.1g ms'p The means to operate tbe tableC is. also o posite points and designated at BSB-(see 41g. Qn ge clutchxnlhuberclgchis a curve s w1 a u 1n 34 o eralnmln aA didine. openingrough lthe th clul'c mem er 32, said pm be nominally pressed by the ring33 to entert e notches 2 of the' pluto member B1 whenever the pin 34anrlves 'opposite saidnotche's. -The spring 33 has a sustaining liftingarm 35- odapted during the rotation of the parte -26 and 30 to engage a-pr 'ection 36 on a suit-y able bracket 8'( carried 'y the bed B,whereby the spring 33 is lifted at its free end away from the-member 30thereby pul out on the pin. 34 to dieengege the letter rom the abruptwall of the notch 82 with which vit may be engaged, rmittino the clutchmember 30 to rotate gime-half' revolution without turning the clutchmember 31, until the next succeeding notch 32 is engagedby seid clutchpin 34. l
Bearlng in mind-the -above .construction of clutch devices, and that-theVclutch member 31 is provided with a-sleeve 31? on which is keyed orotherwise secured the gear 38, ,and
that the gear 38 is in mesh with a gear' 39 on the outside of the tbleC,it will be evidentthat the operating member 25, driven by the shaft 26is adapted to actuate -the table C intermittently through thecorresponding operation of the internal clutch member 81 and its`associated r 88,.
Fig. 0 shows an auxiliary etachable liet vplate 40 adapted to fit -inan'opening 3 of the table C fovprovide inconvenient means for:iseistingin supporting the mold' box when such box is of a size smallerthan Ve one; suitable to fit into the opening-f3 itself. 'There will betimes whenthe battery jars to be Vmolded by this machinewill "be ofsmaller Vsize than those Vsuitable to be molded by the boxes 4 which fitthe openings 3, the
openings 3 to be of a size suitable for the maximum sized battery jarsorarticle to be molded. The flat plates 40 may be of diierent sizes forreduced sized mold boxes.
Sumumm/ of operooo of We shall assume that operators ane in attendanceupon. the machine and -mold boxes 4 ig; migas nlrmlured therein und thecores iiise'lrti llwrcupmi and removed frmu. llir nizie'liim :i l'trrsurli nperntimi, tu telifilrittlw rliuplfiw mtnt nl' the molilcrl:xrtillv alici* such mural. During the uperntimi nl' tlm :lrivo slmft 26the cliittli meiiilwr ft) will Rulli inutically cunntict tlifi geur 3Bwith the upm ming; member 25, and impurt; to siiitl ,geur n partialrevolution sulrivxit to impartr to tliv` table (l that amount ofmovvmeut usmgsary tn bring .fi freshly placed molti linx l intr; tim pit12 beneath the presser 11. There has bussi previously placed in theumlil linx :1S Stated i predetermined and sullirimit pumtitr if litIwnipnsition frmu wlaie-li the uwltltltl :il-tial@ is to be made. inplastic Sluit'. 'Thi- .'U uml 3l having' livr-Univ automatically im.-nlutr'lietl through zu-liiutimi nl" im Spring Y by till@` projrftiuuSiti engaging.- tlm mm1 tlie muvvmeiit of the tulilu rirms mail llw vor@lmx l is uui'zuriitcly tlispnsml licsiwizti im prtsser 11. Just ut thistime" iiiv wiwi-tiny mviubvr 25 hais turnml mflli fivully tu ipii thevalve 29 and Cinisi vuxniriuz'airzithtri lartwfim the pipri lf uml rl.Tini: si l lily Turcos the pistmi 1:3 lluwuwuzel :mil liitvwi` tlirnuglithe prcsmr tlw ninlll wir: Y :in prvssvs the` plnstir sillislzmre:tlwruiu irifi tlm spare lsttwevn the falls :lull lmlltmii nl tlv vornnucl they mills nml lilttfun nl' ller um@ lmx. The slloulilvr formt-lll:il ll' su llw Lllof tlm n'mltl liox liixiitpx tlir upiiziil Ilm of thesubstance whit-li is slmpwl ur mul@ il by thv pressure of tho vor@ inilu@ lim A ttor the dawn tu-tl nifwcmrnt u? tlm #www 11 into the box 4is propvrly mmplrwl 'lu' cum 23 of one of the mrmlmrri ill ir previouslyoperated, opurzttrsi lli 10V-n movcnient nf the vulve 29 limi vf-:iwcommunication hetwmm llw pig-es iT it: so tluit the prot-:Sure mwliuiiiflowing@ *l through into thv` rylimlcr lJ- riiiwf: illu L t0n 12 :intlthe prnsxvr Il. fill ti|if-r ai tho tulile (l has linen s'tzitimuiry,lml u law i' presser 11 luis linnn ilemtd :trulli tlm par! l 30 uml 31nre clulrhml tn qvtlw mici thv 'Mahl (l is foil forward, that,prfrpmtimi E' ufl umvuinf-nt uerossury t0 larii'ig :i trnse mv lmxbvututli (lul prisser :mtl tllu pierna :i rept'ilting fit' tlm oprrntmiwilli-li la lwvn (ltsorilutl.
It will lu'y umltrStnml that lllit4 :i invul nf thv minis 23 :intl tlmmtrliw illu rlutf-li purly 3l rml); liv :irruligtftl in im; suitablemuimor tn prfipm'lv limp tial wilsV 'tivo mrn'mucuts nl tlml vzilv'u ill:ruil 1li-n in 1 f'. it bring nul-@ssiiry nl wurm ilizit lli@ will. (Ylm stationary when the wlw is'wpf-iuslxrl lim-:aussi nl' tlw llnwuwuril:tml upwriru' im il ut the prfssrr il. For ille purpnw fil drawing tlwrmiltletl :iitirflc lrutu ler m lmx thv` Sicil 5 is rtmmtili :mel :istime z-,zii is withdrawn th@ portions. nl tlm muf Substancesprcijorl'ing into :nifl throng-li l sluts l" will be sl'iive'rl ntl', Sotu spmil-j r. irmliliry mfu'liiue, the combinat:z"ul. mi' i iimvnlilutable. mole] i irri if) tiri tililv und mlnptel to lic Elst-relay. :iconstantly rntiitml lrivpng.; ifmvut. Waring 'for :itlvanring tlmrlilel. :i vlutt'li roainectimi between the guurwill llaa :lrii ingclement mmms for :iu-
livzilly' fuiitrulling tlv? vlutfili m'iiiut'liuu 'w ufrrmittviilynilmnfe the table. a presser @Muah-ll in wiiparritivt rcl'rltiun to themnlll tluill prttiti-urr int-uns for fipm'ntiugf grrr-mum lnlllilliig avulve., i1 valve kwel" um: zA pnir :iff alf-timtiug bars conuertlll tinthe liwr :mtl ruling upmi tlm constantly fwtwiugf driving: rliziiiut.:will driving ultiiuvist living trirzwil with minis tur actuatingtliflum: in wurs'il ilu,- i'ulvn mul operato tlm gmufelr iii iiumlrlzitiim te; tlm mm'rumuts ilu xlilr.
l: u uitsluit l is: iii-lari: iw tri; iis-mines u certain position onthe bed. Huid pressure means for operating the prcescr inending a valve,n valve lever.l pendant connector bars depending from the rdlvc level",an operating member comprising :1 bod having spaced grooves to receivethe amis of the connector buro1 and cams formed at said rroovcs tocngngns and operate the connector are? Sari operating member inwing aClutch member prrr jccting therefrom` a second cintch member :njacentthat tiret. mentioned, a spring :retireing cintch pin intermegite Saidclutch members to connect the same at predetermined inervals. automaticmeans coperating to operate the clutch pin to disconnect the clutchmembers and gearing connecting the second clutch member with the table.
5 In a molding: machine :i rotetir'e tokio, :1 bed Supporting the tablefor intcrmiient operation, mold boxes carried by the tnbe, coresdisposed in the boxes, o presser cngngr able with euch core to press thehitter into each mold box when the box assumes e cermin lmeion on thebadi Hand prcmire means for opcruting he presser including :n valve, emirc evcr,y pendant, connector mrs dea wndingr from the valve erer, :inoperating member comprising a body having spaced g1-novos tu receive theends of the connccror immK mi cams formed nrt sani groom-S to engage andoperate the c-onnnetor lmrs` said operating member having a durch memberprojecting therefrom. a second clutch member adjacent that firstmentionedyz: spring actuated clutch pin intermediate said clutch membersto connect the sume nt predcen mincr inten-rails. automatic mmns copefating to opcratc the clutch pin to disconnect hc hitch members. anni mennefor intcrml ently driving the table from Suid operating member, i
In testimony whereof we nfx our :signamires.
ERNEST N. OLSON. SWAN SVANSN.
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1921-07-05"
}
|
US-8616316-A
|
Meter.
J. C. WILSON.
MEIER.
APPLICATION FILED MAR. 23. I916. 1,257,568. Patented Feb. 26,1918.
5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.
J. 0. WILSON.
METER,
APPLICATION FILED MAR. 23. I916.
Patnted Feb. 26,1918.
5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
[Ema/2Z5?" .IJLIZ/ 6. WSWZ/ I. c. WILSON.
METER.
APPLICATION FILED MAR. 23, I9I6.
1,257,568. Patented Feb. 26,1918.
5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
Z7ZU5/ZZZ7" X/E/L/v (2 776515070 J. C. WILSON.
METER.
APPLICATION FILED MAR. 23, 1916.
1 ,257,568 Patented Feb, 26, 1918.
5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.
J. C. WILSON.
METER.
APPLICATION FILED MAR. 23, 1916.
1 257,568. Patented Feb. 26, 1918.
5 SHEETS SHEET 5.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JOHN C. WILSON, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNO R TO THE CUTLERFHAMMERMFG. 00., OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Feb. 26, 1918.
Application filed Ill-rah 28, 1818. Serial No. 86,168.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, JOHN C. Wn-son a citizen of the United States,residin at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwau ee and State of Wisconsin,have invented new and useful Improvements in Meters, of which thefollowing is a specification.
This invention relates to meters.
It relates particularly to meters for measuring the flow of fluids byimparting heat thereto and determining either the effect of the impartedheat on the fluid or the cooling effect of the fluid on the heater.
Meters of this type generally have an electric heater to impart heat tothe fluid and electric resistance thermometers to measure thetemperature thereof. The number of units and their relative arrangementvary in different meters.
The location of the resistance thermometers relative to the heater isusually such that the thermometers are afiected by the radiant energyfrom the heater. This radiant energy may affect the temperature of thethermometer without correspondingly affecting the temperature of'thetransparent medium of gas or other fluid throu h which the rays pass.Errors may thus introduced.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a meter inwhich errors due to the effects of radiant energy will be prevented.
Another object is to provide a meter in which the means for preventingerrors due to effects of radiant energy is simple and readily removablefrom the meter for cleaning, inspection or repair.
Another object is to provide an improved heater which will radiate heatenergy equally in opposite directions.
Another object is to provide a heater hav ing an improved terminalstructure.
Another ob'ect is to provide an improved thermometer aving meansassociated there,- with for preventing the thermometer being affected byradiant energy from an adjacent source of heat.
Another object is to provide a radiant ray screen for use in connectionwith meters 4 lows:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the heater with thermometerresistances on opposite sides thereof showing the manner in which therays are emitted from the heater and strike the thermometer resistances.
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view similar to Fig. 1, illustrating how therays from the heater are equalized in both directions and screened fromthe thermometer resistances by the structure herein disclosed.
Fig. 3' is a longitudinal section of a vertical type of meter embodyingthe invention.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of another meter embodying theinvention.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of a heater adapted to be used with the meterherein disclosed.
Fig. 6 is a cross section on the line 66 of Fig. 5.
ig. 7 is a view showing the means used to tie the resistance wire of theheater to the supporting. bars.
W Fig. 8 is a plan view of an alternative form of heater adapted to beused with the meter.
Fig. 9 is a cross section view of the heater on the line 99 of Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a plan view of the thermometer unit adapted to be used withthe meter.
Fig. 11 is a cross section on the line 11--11 of Fig. 10.
Figs. 12 and 13 are plan and cross section views respectively of a rayscreen. Fig. 13.
being taken on the line 1313 of Fig. 12.
Figs. 14 and 15 are plan and cross section views respectively of amodified form of ray screen, Fig. 15 beingtaken on the line 1515 of Fig.,14.
Before describing the meter the action of radiant energy will be brieflyexplained.
Radiant energy is transmitted in all directions from a source of heat instraight-line rays as shown In Fig. 1, in which 1 is an elecmometerresistance or other ob'ect in the path of the rays is a rfect re ectingsurface all the rays will e reflected away and none will be absorbed.Under this condition the temperature of the thermometer resist-- ancewill not be affected. If, on the other hand, the surface of thethermometer resistance is a perfect absorbing surface the rays will allbe absorbed and none will be reflected. In the latter case thetemperature of the thermometer resistance will be raised. Underpractical conditions the surface of the thermometer resistance isneither a perfect reflecting nor a perfect absorbing surface.
The thermometer resistances may have their surfaces roughened or coveredwith a coating of dull shellac or the like to make the absorbing orreflectin power of each unit initially equal. Un er practical operatingconditions, however, the surfaces change from time to time due todeposits of tar, naphthalene and the like from gas. These deposits arenot usually equally distributed over both thermometer resistances andtheir effects on the thermometer resistances are further unequal for thefollowing reasons:
The gas flows through the meter in one direction only so that thedeposits are mostly on one side of the meternnits. The therthermometerresistance facing the heater re-v mains in substantially its initial'conditionf whereas-the surface of the exit thermometer unbalanceresistance facing the heater is covered with deposits of tar andthe-like which change its capacit to absorb and reflect heat. An
duced.
Anunequal distribution of the rays may 1 terminal structure 2 is locatedon one side of the heater and this structurescreensa --p0r ionof therays on one side of the heater.
doe-
If the rays strike some absorbing surface between the heater and thethermometer units, a substantial portion of the heat energy 'will beabsorbed and transmitted to the gas to raise the temperature thereof.
The: heat energy will thus be used for the purpose for which it isintended. If all the condition is consequently pro-l also be caused bythe fact that the heater;
rays were absorbed without strikin the thermometer resistances directlyand the absorbed heat dissipated to the flowing gas, an ideal conditionwould be obtained.
In accordance with the present invention, a meter is provided havingmeans for intercepting and absorbing the rays before they reach thethermometer resistances without interfering with the flow of fluidthrough the meter. Means is also provided for insurin equal radiationfrom the heater in te directions.
diagrammatic illustration of the manner in which the rays areintercepted is shown in Fig. 2. The heater 5 is provided with duplicateterminal structures 6 and 7 on opposite sides thereof so that an equalnumber of rays will be intercepted in both directions. Located betweenthe heater 5 and the thermometer resistances 8 and 9 are ray screens 10and 11 which have long narrow tubular openings therethrough which permitfree passage of the gas but which intercept and absorb the rays in themanner illustrated.
The meter illustrated in Fig. 3 will first be described.
The meter comprises in general a housin 12 in which is mounted a heater13 an thermometer units 14 and 15.
The details of the housing 12 and the general structure of the meterunits 13, 14 and 15 are fully described in a eopending application of J.C. Wilson, Serial No. 86,162, filed March 23, 1916. Accordingly onl abrief descriptionwill be given herein.
The housing 12 is adapted to be inserted between two sections of a gasmain or the like, the ends of the housing being of approximately thesame internal diameter as the main to which the meter is attached. Thecentral "portion of the housing is enlarged to accommodate the heaterand the thermometer units.
The heater unit 13 and the thermometer units 14 and 15 have tubularframes of substantially the same internal diameter as the diameter ofthe end portions of the housing,
said frames'being located between and c0- operating with tubular sleeves16 projectinginto' the enlarged portion of the housing and therebforming a measurin passage through 0 meter of substantial y the samediameter as the end portions of the housing. The heater and thermometerunit frames have flanges thereon which engage insulating blocks (notshown) in the meter housin so that each unit is supported indepen entlyof the others. This construction allows'the heater or either of thethermom'eterunits to be uickly removed inde pendently of each ot er, forcleaning, in-.
spection or repair.
The electric resistance wires of the heater and thermometer units areled out through suitable terminal structures to the exterior of thehousing where they are connected to a switch board 17 in a weather-proofjunction box 18 mounted on the exterior of the housing.
The electric heater construction for the purpose of insuring equalradiation in o posite directions is shown more particular y 1n Figs. 5and 6.
The heater has a tubular frame 19 made of wood or other insulatingmaterial, .the ends of said frame being surrounded by flanges 20 whichstrengthen the frame and provide supporting means therefor. Mountedaround the eriphe of the frame is a plurality of hoo s 21 w ich arearranged in airs and which sup rt a resistor in the orm of a helicallycoiled resistance wire 22. The resistance wire is strung back and forthfrom pairs of books on one side of the frame to corresponding pairs onthe opposite side of the frame and is tled to supportin bars 23 as shownin detail in Fig. 7. The ars 23 are made of any suitable insulatingmaterial and extend across the frame on one side of the plane in whichthe resistance wire is supported.
The resistance wire is connected to terminal rods 24 which are disposedacross the frame and supported by insulating bars or rods 25 which areattached to the frame. The rods 24 are connected to conductors 26 whichpass out through a suitable terminal 27 to the leads 28. The structureof the heater unit so far described is explained in more detail in thecopending application above referred to.
The supporting bars 23 and the terminal rods 24 and their supports 25tend to screen some of the rays on one side of the heater. This tends tomake the distribution of the rays non-uniform and to introduce errors inthe meter.
In order to compensate for the effects of the supporting bars aduplicate set of bars 29 is provided which are located on the opositeside of the resistance wire as shown in Fig. 6. A duplicate or dummyterminal structure 30 is also provided which is located on the oppositeside of the resistance wire from the actual terminal structure. Ofcourse, the dummy supporting bars could be used as actual supportingbars if desired, and likewise the dummy terminal structure could beutilized as a terminal structure.
These extra structures are made of the same 'structions can beintroduced to screen an amount of radiant energy equivalent to thatscreened by the supporting bars and terminal structure. Theseobstructions can be made a part of the heater or they can be locatedadjacent thereto but independent thereof.
Another heater adapted for the meter is shown in Figs. 8 and 9.
This heater has aframe 31 and a resistor 32 in the form of a helicallycoiled resistance wire supported by hooks 33, all of said parts beingsimilar to the corresponding parts of the heater above described.
The resistance wire in this form of heater is supported in two lanes asshown in Fig. 9 which are space some distance apart.
'The supporting rods 34 to which the resistance wire is tied extendacross the heater frame outside of the respective planes of" resistancewire. The arrangement of supporting bars is accordingly symmetrical andthe screening of the radiant energy rays is equal in both directions.
The terminal rods 35 for the resistance wire are mounted between the twolanes of resistance wire so that the effect 0 the ter minal structureson the radiant energy from the heater is equal in opposite directions.The rods extend across the frame and through the same, their ends beingreceived in suitable conducting blocks 36 which are tightly fitted inthe heater unit frame. The conductors 37 and 38 from the outlet terminal39 are connected to the rods 35 on the outside of the heater frame asshown in Fig. 9. This structure avoids the necessity of having aterminal or outlet projecting within the inner area bounded by theheater frame. The interior of the heater is thus .free from unnecessaryobstructions.
The outlet terminal 39 is constructed so as to be bolted to the exteriorof the frame as shown in Fi 9. It has an extension 40 adapted toPI'OJGCt through an o ening in the meter housing. The leads 3 and 38enter the terminal through insulating bushings 41 and pass through theextension 40 to the exterior of the meter housing.
It will thus be seen that a heater is provided in which the supportingbars and the terminal rods are arranged symmetrically with relation tothe resistance wire thereby insu equal radiation in opposite directionswithout requiring duplicate or dummy structures. The location of theterminal on the outside of the frame adds to the efiici ency of theheater by reducing the number of obstructions to the flow of gas.
When the meter is provided with a heater of either of the typesdescribed, the radiant energy from the heater is substantially equal inopposite directions. This tends to equalize the effects of the radiantenergy and to decrease errors in the meter. However, the thermometerresistances often do not have e ual reflecting and absorbing powers as aV0 described, and to compensate for this condition additional means isrovided for protecting the thermometer units from the rays from theheater.
The meter disclosed herein is provided with ray screens having long,narrow spaces through which the gas can pass without changing direction,but through which only those rays which lie in the direction of gas flowcan pass. These screens obstruct and absorb a large percentage of therays and prevent them from striking the thermometer resistances. Theeffects from any rays not absorbed by the screens will be negligible.
The screens shown in the meter illustrated in Fig. 3 are incorporated inthe thermometer units 14 and 15. One of these thermometer units is shownin detail in Figs. 10 and 11.
The thermometer unit has a tubular frame 42 having a metal incasedresistor 43 supported over the area inclosed by the frame by means of aring-shaped support A of small mass. The details of the frame andsupport and the advantages thereof are clearly set forth in thecopending application referred to and accordingly will' not be furtherdescribed herein.
Mounted within the frame 42 is a ray screen 45 comprising a multiplicityof thin. flat, metal strips 46 which are arranged parallel to each otherin two sets, one set eing at right angles to the other. The strips areprovided with suitable notches 47 so that one set may fit over the otherand thereby form a screen having a large number of long, narrow, tubularopenings which in this instance are rectangular. Certain of the stripsare riveted tothe frame so that the screen is supported by thethermometer unit.
The strips are spaced relatively close together and they are of suchwidth that the tubular openings are relatively long and narrow. The rayswhich. strike the walls of the openings at an angle are eitherimmediately absorbed by the walls or may be partially reflected to theopposite walls where they are absorbed. The surfaces of the walls aretreated so as to make them good absorbing surfaces. This may be done byroughening the surfaces or by covering them with dull, black lacquer orother material which will give them a dull black color.
The screen will thus absorb the radiant energy from the heater withoutformin any substantial obstruction to the flow 0 gas through the meter.Only the rays that are parallel to the direction of flow will be able topass through the screen. The number of these rays is not sufficient toappreciably affect the meter.
Of course, a screen having long, narrow openings therein may be providedby construction other than the one herein described. Such structures areincluded within the spirit and scope of the present invention, theembodiment shown being merely for the purpose of illustrating thepresent preferred form.
A meter having ray screens which are independent of the measuringelements of the meter is shown in Fig. 4. This meter is of the same typeas that illustrated in Fig. 3 and corresponding reference numerals havebeen used to indicate like-parts. Ray screens 48 and 49 which aresimilar in construction are located between the heater and thethermometer units.
Each ray screen has a tubular frame 50 (Figs. 12 and 13) of the samegeneral construction as the frames of the thermometer units, flanges 51being provided so that the frame may be independently supported in themeter housing. The frame sup orts a plurality of thin metal strips 52which are arranged in the same manner as the strips in the thermometerunit shown in Figs. 10 and 11 to form a screen having long narrowopenings therethrough. This screen may be independently mounted as aunit in the meter housing between the heater and the thermometer unitswhere it serves to intercept and absorb the rays from the heater. Thescreen may be readily removed from the meter independently of the otherunits.
Another construction of ray screen is illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15.
This screen has a tubular frame 50 provided with flanges 51 similar tothe corresponding elements of the screen previously described. Th Innnarrow openings are, however, provided Ty means of a plurality ofconcentrically arranged cylindrical sleeves 53 which are supported fromthe frame by means of suitable rods 54. This construction provides ascreen having long, narrow, annular openings through which the gas maypass. The structure is simple and effective and it offers a minimumobstruction to the flow of gas.
It will thus be seen that a meter has been provided in which the heatingmeans is constructed so that the radiant ener y therefrom will be equalin opposite irections. The radiant energy effective to modify thetemperature of the thermometer resistances is therefore equal for boththermometer units. The thermometer resistances are protected from theserays by screens of like character which absorb the radiant energy andtrans fer the heat to the gas. The thermometer resistances areaccordingly protected from the radiant energy effects and errors in themeter are pre ented. The construction of the heater is simple andcapable of easy manufacture and ready assembly. The ray screens arelikewise simple and they are arrays from the heater.
which embod ranged so that they constitute a part of the thermometerunits or they may be constructed as separate units which are removablefrom the meter independently of the other units.
It is to be understood that the structure shown is for the purpose ofillustration only and that other structures may be devised the inventionand which come within t e spirit and scope of the appended claims.
What I claim is v 1. A fluid meter having a housing, means within thehousing for imparting heat to the fluid. flowing therethrough,thermometer elements adjacent the heating means, and
means for preventing said elements froin being affected directly by theradiant energy from the heating rneans.
2. A fluid meter having a housing, means within the housing forimparting heat to the fluid flowing therethrough, thermometer elementsadjacent the heating means, and means for deflecting and absorbingtheradiant energy from the heating means without obstructing the flow offluid to revent said energy a ecting said elements irectly.
3. A fluid meter having a housing, an
electric heater within said housing for im partin heat to the fluidflowing therethroug electric thermometer, resistances for measuring thetemperature of the fluid, and means for preventin resistances beinafl'ected heat ra s from t e heater, said means being adapte to permitfree flow of thefluid be: ing measured.
4. A fluid meter havin electric heater within the" ousing for im-'parting heat to the fluid flowing therethrough, electric thermometerresistances on opposite sides of the heater'for measuring thetemperature .of the fluid before and after heating, and ray screensbetweenthe heater and the thermometer resistances for protecting thethennometerresistancesfrom heat 5. A fluid meter having a housing, anelectric heater within the housing for imparting heat to the fluidflowing therethrough, electric thermometer resistances for measuring thetemperature of said fluid, and means for preventing the thermometerresistances being afl'ected directly by the heat rays from the heater,said means comprising a screen having relatively long, narrow openintherethrou h, the walls of which deflect and absorb t e rays but allowfree passage for the fluid being measured.
6. fluid meter having a housing, means within the housing for impartingheat to the fluid flowing therethrou h, thermometer elements on oppositesi es of the heating means, and means for insuring that the rathethermometer directly by the a housing, an:
diant energy from the heatin means is absorbed anddeflected in likeagree on both sides of, the heating means to prevent unbalanced 'eflects'on said elements. 7. A fluid meter having a electric heater withinabadhousing, said I0 heater having "means associated there with mometerunits within 'said housing, said electric heater and thermometer unitsbeing adapted to Be su ported independently in said housing so t at eachmay be removed indc endently 0f the others, and means carried y thethermometer units for protecting them against the effects of radiantenergy from the heater.
9. A thermal fluid meter having a housing, an electric heater andelectric thermometer units within said housing, said heater andthermometer units being adapted to .be su ported independently in saidhousing so t at each may be removed independently of the others, and rayscreens carried by the thermometer units for protecting them against theeffects of radiant energy from'the heater.
10. A thermal fluid meter having a housing, an electric heater andelectric thermometer units therein, said heater and thermometer unitshaving tubular frames adapted to form a measuring passage in saidhousing, said frames being spaced from said liousin and adapted to besupported thereby sot at each may be readily removed independently ofthe others, and means carried by said thermometer units for rotectingthem a ainst the efiects of radiant ener *from t e heater,
1. A thermal fluid meter having a heater comprising a frame, an electricresistor carried bysaid frame and distributed over the area inclosedthereby, means for insuring thatthe radiant energyfrom the resistor isequal in opposite directions, and thermome ter elements adjacent saidheater.
12. A-thermal fluid meter having a heater comprising a supportin frame,an electric resistance wire carried y said frame and distributed overthe area inclosed thereby, a terminal structure on one side of saidresistance wire to which the wire is connected, a duplicate structure onthe other side of said wire for insuring equal radiation from the heaterin both directions and thermometer elements adjacent said heater.
18. A thermal fluid meter having a heater comprising a frame ofinsulating materlal, an electric resistance wire, means earned by saidframe for su porting said wire so that the wire is distri uted over theinner area bounded by said frame, a pair of terminal rods carried bysaid frame and disposed thereacrcss adjacent to and on one side of saidresistance wire, duplicate rods on the other side of said wire forinsuring equal radiation from the heater in both directions andthermometer elements adjacent said heater.
14. A thermal fluid meter having a heater comprising a frame ofinsulating material, an electric resistance wire, means carried by saidframe for supporting said wire so that it is distributed over the innerarea bounded by said frame, supporting rods extending across said framesaid wire being tied to said rods, terminal rods carried by said frameon one side of said resistance wire, duplicate supporting and terminalrods for insurin that the effective radiation from the resistance wireis equal in both directions, and thermometer elements adjacent saidheater.
15. A resistance thermometer element having a frame, an electricresistance wire supported by and distributed over substantially theentire area inclosed by said frame, and means carried by said frame forprotecting the resistance wire against radiant energy from a source ofheat adjacent said element.
16. A resistance element comprising a frame, an electric resistance wiresupported by and distributed over substantially the entire. areainclosed by said frame, and a ray screen carried by said frame forprotecting the resistance wire against radiant energy from a source ofheat adjacent said element.
17. A resistance thermometer element comprising a frame, a resistancewire supported by and distributed over the area inclosed by said frame,and means for protecting the resistance wire against radiant energy froma source of heat adjacent said element, said means comprising a screenhaving a plurality of relatively long, narrow openings therethrough, thewalls of which deflect and absorb the radiant energy.
18. The combination with a heater of thermometer elements responsive tothe temperature of a medium affected by said heater, and means forpreventing the thermometer elements being affected directly by theenergy radiated from the heater.
19. The combination with a heater of thermometer elements responsive tothe temperature of a flowing fluid afl'ected by said heater, and meansfor preventing the thermometer elements being affected directly by theradiant energy from the heater, said means ermitting free flow of thefluid.
20. n a flowing fluid, a heater, thermometer elements adjacent theheater, and means which permits free flow of the fluid adapted toprevent the radiant energy from the heater affecting said elementsdirectly.
21. The combination with a heater adapted to heat a flowing stream offluid, of thermometer units adjacent the heater for measuring thetemperature of said fluid, and means for deflectingl and absorbing theradiant energy from t e heater and dissipating it to the fluid withoutobstructin the flow thereof to prevent said energy a ecting thethermometer units directly.
22. The combination with a heater adapted to heat a stream of fluidwithout obstructing the flow thereof, of thermometer elements formeasuring the temperature of said fluid without obstructing the flowthereof, and means for preventing the radiant ener r from the heateraffecting said elements 1- rectly, said lastnamed means also permittingfree flow of the fluid.
23. The method of preventing radiant energy from a heater in a flowingstream of fluid affecting directly temperature responsive elements insaid stream which consists in absorbing and deflecting the rays anddissipating their ener to the flowing fluid before they reach t etemperature responsive elements.
2 1. The method of preventing radiant energy from the heater in aflowing stream of fluid from being dissipated unequally in oppositedirections when some of the rays are absorbed at one side of the heaterwhich consists in absorbingl some of the rays at the other side of theeater to make the radiant energy from the heater equal in oppositedirections.
25. The method of preventing a temperature responsive element located ina stream of fluid being affected directly by rays from a source ofradiant energy which consists in absorbing the rays and dissipatingtheir energy to the stream of fluid before they reach the temperatureresponsive element.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presenceof two witnesses.
JOHN C. WILSON.
Witnesses:
FLORENCE Cruse, L. C. SCHAUTZ.
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2024-03-22
|
1916-03-23
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1918-02-26"
}
|
US-77972547-A
|
Chatterless countersink
Oct. 14, 1952 c SWENSON 2,613,558
CHATTERLESS COUNTERSINK Filed Oct. 14, 1947 Patented Oct. 1 4, 1952UNITED STATES EATENT QFFICE CHATTERLESS COUNTERSINK Gordon 0. Swenson,Erie, Pa.
Application October 14, 1947, Serial No. 779,725
1 Claim. 1
This invention is intended to eliminate chatter in countersinks throughthe use of a spring loaded pressure member sharing the thrust againstthe work with the cutting edge.
Not only are chatter marks eliminated, but holes having chatter markscan be cleaned. Further objects and advantages appear in thespecification and claim.
In the drawing Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a countersinkembodying my invention; Fig. 2 is an end view; Fig. 3 is a section online 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a side view of one of the pressuremembers; Fig. 5 is an end view of the pressure member; and Fig. 6 is aperspective of the countersink with the pressure members removed.
Referring to the drawing, I indicates a shank carrying a countersink 2having cutting edges 3 with relief surfaces 4 and chip clearances 5.These parts are, or may be, of common construction.
Between the cutting edges are axially extending slots 6 slidablyreceiving pressure members I. The pressure members are urged outward inthe slots by a coil spring 8 arranged between the bottom of a cup-shapedmember 9 and the inner ends 19 of the pressure members. The cup-shapedmember 9 has a sleeve-like extension H surrounding a cylindrical surface[2 on the countersink and serving as a guide for surfaces 13 on thepressure members I. A threaded connection 14 between the bottom of thecupshaped member 9 and the shank permits adjustment of the springpressure exerted on the pressure members 1. Outward movement of thepressure members is limited by shoulders 15 which cooperate with acollar 16 on the shank. In the outermost position of the pressuremembers illustrated in Fig. 1 arcuate bearing surfaces I! on thepressure members project beyond the cutting edges 3. The bearingsurfaces l1 are concentric with the shank and have a contour conformingwith that of the cutting edges. In the leading edge l8 of the bearingsurfaces are cutting edges [9. These cutting edges are ground radiallywithout any relief or clearance. These cutting edges serve primarily astrimmers and do not have any substantial cutting function.
In the use of the countersink the pressure transmitted from the shank tothe work is divided or shared between the cutting edges 3 and thebearing surfaces ll. The bearing surfaces 17 contact the work first andalign the hole to be countersunk with the shank. Thereafter the bearingsurfaces exert a pressure on the countersunk hole determined by thepressure of the spring 8 and the major part of the pressure is carriedon the cutting edges 3. The spring loading of the bearing surfacesprovides a force acting on the shank which takes up the lost motioninevitably present in the driving spindle for the shank. It is believedthat this contributes materially to the prevention of chattering of thecountersink.
In addition to preventing chattering, the cutting edges 19 on thepressure members 1 have a trimming function, removing ragged pieces ofmetal, or highspots, in the countersunk hole. This aids thecountersinking of holes having irregular edges or chatter marks. In theconventional countersink the presence of irregular edges or chattermarks increases the chattering tendency. Because chattering iseliminated no particular skill is necessary in advancing the countersinkagainst the works. The countersink will even operate satisfactorilyafter the cutting edges 3 have become nicked.
What I claim as new is:
A rotatable countersink having work engaging cutting edges shaped toproduce the desired countersink contour, axial slots between the cuttingedges, pressure members in the slots having work engaging bearingsurfaces conforming to the contour of the cutting edges, a sleeveholding the pressure members in the slots, and a spring within thesleeve urging the pressure members axially beyond the cutting edges.
GORDON C. SWENSON.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,279,302 Dunlap Sept. 17, 19181,414,565 Gallagher May 2, 1922 1,520,382 Workman 1. Dec. 23, 19241,561,463 De Rochemont Nov. 17, 1925 2,187,221 Brown Jan. 6, 19402,196,827 Healey Apr. 9, 1940 2,273,258 Groene Feb. 17, 1942
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2024-03-22
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1947-10-14
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1952-10-14"
}
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US-34852319-A
|
Finishing-machine for pile fabrics
T. C. BARKER.
FINISHING MACHINE IOR FILE FABRICS.
APPLICATION FILED 020.31, I9I9.
1,368,096. Patented Feb. 8,1921.
5 SHEETS-SIRE] I.
INVENTOR Mal/ms 050/401:
ATTORNEYS T. C. BARKER.
FINISHING momma FOR FILE FABRICS.
APPLICATION FILED DEC. 31. l9l9.
Patented Feb. 8, 1921.
5 S EETS-SHEEI 2.
m nwron' 7/30/9705 Cw/Jefi I "URI/E78 T. C. BARKER FINISHING MACHINE FORPILE FABRICS.
APPLICATION FILED DEC. 31, l l 1,368, Patented Feb. 8, 1921.
5 SHEETS-SHEET 3- 00 Z06 Z05 Z Arm/airs T. C. BARKER.
FINISHING MACHINE FOR FILE FABRICS.
APPLICATION HLED DEC. 3|, I9I9.
1,368,096. Patented Feb. 8, 1921.
5 SHEETS-SHEET 4- A TTORIIEYS T. C. BARKER.
FINISHING MACHINE FOR FILE FABRICS.
M s w n m P a M n rm E D n- E L H u 0 H A C H P P A momma UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE.
THOMAS GUTHBERT BARKER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO CARL C. MATT-MANN, JR., OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Feb. 8, 1921.
Application filed December 31, 1319. Serial No. 348,523.
To all 101101721225 may concern:
Be it known that I, THOMAS OUTHBERT BARKER, a subject of the Kin ofGreat Britain, and a resident of the city of New York, Elmhurst, boroughof Queens, in the county of Queens and State of New York, have inventeda new and Improved Finishing-Machine for Pile Fabrics, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description.
.The invention relates to cloth finishing and its object is to provide anew and improved finishing machine for pile fabrics, such as mohairs andthe like, and arranged to insure thorough combing and batting of thepile with a view to remove all extraneous matter and to cause the pileto stand up permanently.
Another object is to dispense entirely with skilled labor heretoforeemployed for the batting of the fabric.
Another object is to permit of combin and batting a piece of pile fabricof usua length in a comparatively short time.
Another object is to prevent the formation of streaks, especiallytransverse ones and such as are liable to be produced by hand battingoperations.
With these and other objects in view, the invention consists of certainnovel features of construction, as hereinafter shown and described andthen specifically pointed out in the claims. I
A. practical embodiment of the invention is represented in theaccompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in whichsimilar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all theviews.
Figures 1 and 2 combined represent a side elevation of the improvedfinishing machine for pile fabrics;
Fig. 3 is a reduced plan view of the same;
Fig. f is a rear elevation of the finishing machine and showing moreparticularly the driving mechanism:
Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross section of the adjusting means for the firstcombing roll, the section being on the line 55 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is a sectional side elevation of the same on the line 66 of Fig.5;
Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross section of the adjusting device for thetightenin roller, thed section being on the line 77 0 Fig. 2; an
Fig. 8 is a sectional side elevation 'of the same on the line 8-8 ofFig. 7
The pile fabric 10 is passed in open width while in a moistened statethrough the machine in the direction of' the length of the piece of pilefabric. The improved finishing machine is mounted on a suitablyconstructed frame 11 on the left hand end of which are journaled theguide rollers 12 and 13, over which passes the piece of pile fabric 10with the back in contact with the guide roller 12 and the pile face incontact with the roller 13. To one side of the guide roller 13 isarranged a retarding roller 14 provided with a brush or soft fabric face15 around which passes the back of the piece of pile fabric 10, whichthen extends upwardly and forwardly and passes between the firstrevoluble combing or brushing member 20 and a smooth roller 21, with thepile face engaged and combed rearwardly by the comb forming theperipheral face of the driven combing member 20. This combing roll 20acts on the pile and tends to straighten out the moistened matted pileof the piece of fabric 10.
The piece of pile fabric 10 after leaving the member 21 extendsdownwardly and forwardly and passes under spaced tightening rollers 25and '26 journaled in adjustable bearings 27 arranged on brackets 28secured to the main frame 11. The portion of the piece of fabricextending between the rollers 25 and 26 is subjected to a batting actionby a revoluble batter 30 provided with transversely extending bats 31arranged in spaced relation on spiders 32 attached to a shaft 33journaled in suitable bearings 34 fastened to the main frame 11. Thebats31 move in quick succession in contact with the pile face of the pieceof fabric 10 thus subjecting the pile to quick successive battingactions while the fabric is traveling along and held taut between therollers 25 and 26. It will be noticed that each of the bats has both abatting and a rearward sweeping action on the pile of the forwardlymoving pile fabric.
Thepiece of pile fabric 10, after leaving,
the guide roller 26 extends upwardlyrand forwardly and passes between asecond revoluble combing or brushing member 40 and a smooth roller 41.The combing or brushing member 40 is driven in the direction of thearrow shown in Fig. 1, to comb the pile in a forward direction. Thepiece of pile fabric 10 after leaving the roller 41 passes under a guideroller 45 and over a guide roller 46 (see Fig. 2), the rollers 45 and 46being spaced apart and journaledin bearings 47 and 48, of which thebearing 48 is adjustable. Intermediate the guiderollers 45 and 46 arearranged two pairs of revoluble batting and combing members 50 and 51,of which the batting member 50 is similar to the batting member 30 andthe combing member 51 is similar to the combing members 20 and 40 butlarger in diameter. Each batting member 50 has its bats 52 batting thepile in a rearward direction and the combing members 51 comb the pile ina rearward direction. The piece of pile fabric 10 after leaving theguide roller 46 passes under a revoluble batting member 60, then over anintermediate guide bar or rod 61 and then under a revoluble combingmember 62, to then pass over a guide roller 63 which with the guide rod61 and roller 46 forms a means to firmly hold the piece of pile fabric10 in firm contact with the under sides of the batting member and thecombing member 62. In practice, the combing members 20, 40 and 50 areprovided with wire bristles while the combing member 62 is provided withsofter or animal bristles to give the desired finish to the pile. Afterthe piece of pile fabric 10 leaves the last guide roller 63 it passesover a drawing roller having 'a peripheral face formed of minute spikesor hooks 71 engaging the back of the piece of pile fabric 10 to draw thelatter continually forward.
The several combing members 20, 40, 51 and 52 and the batting members30, 50 and 60 are rotated at a comparatively high rate of speed, and thedrawing roller 70 is driven at a comparatively slow speed by the use ofa suitable driving mechanism arranged on the rear side of the machineand constructed as follows: A motor of any approved construction,preferably of electrical type, is provided on its'shaft 81 with a pulley82 connected by a belt 83 with a pulley 84 secured on a main drivingshaft 85 journaled on the main frame 11. On the main shaft 85 aresecured fast and loose pulleys 86, 87 connected by belt 88 with fast andloose pulleys 89 secured on a shaft 91 journaled on the main frame 11. Asuitable belt shifting device 92 of any approved construction is usedfor shifting the belt 88 from the loose pulleys 87, onto the fastpulleys 86, 89 or vice versa. This belt shifting device 92 includes arock shaft 93 extending along the front side of the main frame 11 andjournaled in suitable bearings thereon. The ends of the shaft 92 areprovided with handles 94 to permit the operator to actuate the beltshifting device 92 from either end of the machine. 011 the shaft 91 issecured a pulley 95 connected by a belt 96 with a pulley 97 secured on atransverse shaft 98 journaled on the main frame 11. On the rear end ofthe shaft 98 is secured a pulley 100 connected by a belt 101 with apulley 102 secured on' the shaft 103 carrying the first combing member20. On the shaft 98 is secured a pulley 105 connected by a belt 106 witha pulley 107.secured on the shaft of the first batting device 30. On theshaft 98 is secured a pulley 110 connected by a belt 111 with a pulley112 secured on a transverse shaft 113 journaled on -the main frame 11.On this shaft 113 is secured a pulley 115 connected by a crossed belt116 with a pulley 117 secured on the rear end of the shaft 118 of thesecond combing member 40. On the shaft 113 is secured a sprocket wheel120 connected by a sprocket chain 121 with sprocket wheels 122, 123, ofwhich the sprocket wheel 122 is secured on the shaft 124 carrying thebatting member 50, while the sprocket wheel 123 is secured on the shaft125 carrying the companion combing member 51. On the shaft 91 is secureda set of step pulleys 140, any one of which is connected by belt 141with a corresponding step pulley of a series of step pulleys 142 securedon a shaft 143 journaled on the main frame 11. On the shaft 143 issecured a pulley. connected by a belt 151 withpulleys 152, 153 and 154,of which the pulley 152 is secured on the shaft 155 of the battingmember 60 while the pulley 153 is an intermediate pulley attached to theshaft 156 journaled on the main frame 11. The pulley 154 is secured onthe shaft 157 of the last combing member 62. On the shaft 91 is secureda pulley 160 connected by a belt 161 with a pulley 162 secured on atransverse shaft 163 journaled on the main framell. On the shaft 163 issecured a pulley 165 connectedby a belt 166 with a pulley 167 secured onthe shaft 168 journaled on the main frame 11. On the shaft 168 issecured a pinion 170 in mesh with a gear wheel 171 secured on the shaft172 journaled on the main frame 11. On the shaft 172 is secured a pinion173 in mesh with a gear Wheel'174 secured on the shaft 175 carrying thedrawing roller 70. By the gearing described a comparatively slow motionis given to the drawing roller 70 relative to the high speed given tothe several combing and batting members.
The combing members 20 and 40 are adjustably mounted relative to therollers 21 and 41, and for this purpose adjusting roll, if such isdeemed necessary.
means are provided, one for each roller arid alike in construction sothat it suflices to describe but one in detail. Each of the shafts 103and 118 carrying the combing members 20 and 40 is journaled in bearings180 attached to a steering frame 181 (see Figs. 1, 3, 5 and 6) pivotedat 182 on the main frame 11 and provided with set screws 183 engagingthe main frame to permit of raising or lowering the combing member 20 tomove the peri heral combing face thereof with more or ess force intocontact with the pile face of the fabric 10. Each of the smooth rollers21, 41 has itsshaft 190 journaled in bearings 191 (see Figs. 5 and 6)mounted to slide up and down on guide rods 192 attached to the mainframe 11. On the bearings 191 are journaled friction rollers 193 engagedby cams 194 secured on a transversely extending shaft 195 journaled inbearings 196 attached to the main frame 11. On the forward end of theshaft 195 is secured a handle 197 under the control of the operator forturning the shaft 195 with a view to cause the cams 194 to lift thebearings 191 and with the same the smooth rollers 21 and 41 to adjustthe latter relative to the corresponding combing member 20 or 40. By thearrangement described a minute adjustment of the combing rollers 20 and40 and the smooth rollers 21 and 41 are had to insure a proper combingaction on the pile face of the fabric 10 especially when running fabricsof different thicknesses through the machine. The combing members orrollers 20 and 40 are ad'ustably mounted to allow for various thicnesses of the fabriclO and to permit of accommodating a clea gifir esmooth rollers 21 and 41 are adjustably mounted to allow for the passageof sewing seams connecting the adjacent ends of successive pieces of thefabric 10, for the passa e of damaged places of the fabric.
The guide bar 61 is held vertically adjustable in bearin s 200 attachedto the main frame 11 (see Tigs. 7 and 8). The ends of the guide bar 61are pressed downward by springs 201 to hold the bottom of the guide barin contact with cams 202 secured on 'a transverse shaft 203 journaled inbearings 204 forming part of the guideways 200. The front end of theshaft 203 is provided with a hand wheel 205 adapted to be turned by theoperator to turn the shaft 203 with a view to cause the cams 202 to movethe guide bar 61 up or down against the tension of the springs 201. Onthe shaft 205 is secured a. notched wheel 206 engaged by a spring pawl207 attached to the corresponding guideway 200 to hold the shaft 203 andits cam 202 in the adjusted position.
The operation is as follows:
When the motor 80 is running and the belt 88 engages the fast pulleys 86and 89 and batting members above mentioned. The I drawing member 70draws the previously moistened piece of pile fabric 10 through themachine, and the matted ile is first subjected to a combing or brus ingaction by the first combing or brushing member 20 which combs or brushesthe pile upward and rearward, it being understood that the fabric 10 isheld taut by the retarding roller 14 and the rollers 21 and 25. Thefabric is next subjected to a batting action by the bats 31 of therevolving batter 30, and as the batter revolves at a high speed the bats31 act in rapid succession on the pile so that transverse streaks arenot liable to be formed. It is understood that the batter 30 acts on theportions of the fabric extending between the guide rollers 25 and 26,and as this portion of the fabric is taut an effective battin action ishad on the pile of the fabric. The fabric is next subjected to a combingor brushing action by the combing or brushing member 40, which, however,revolves in a reverse direction to the first combing or brushing member20 and hence the previously matted pile is now combed or brushed in aforward direction. -The fabric is next subjected to a batting action bythe batter 50 and then to a combing action by the combing or brushingmember 61, and this action is preferably repeated by the next followingpair of batting and .combing members 50 and 51. The guide rollers 45 and46 are arranged in such a manner that the fabric is drawn upward in firmcontact with the undersides of the batting and combing members 50 and 51to insure an intense batting and combing action with a'view to removeall extraneous matter by the combing members to insure a strong,forcible batting of the pile. A further al intensebatting and combingaction is given to the fabric by the batting and combing members 60 and62, it being understood that the fabric is held in firm contact with thesaid members 60 and 62 by correspondingly adjusting the guide bar or rod61 in a vertical direction, as previously explained. The fabric, afterbeing finished in the manner described, is subjected to a drawing actionto be then ready for the market.
, It will be noticed that by the arrangement other end of the machine,and hence the. fabric is held taut during its travel through the machineto insure proper action of the several combing or brushing members andthe batting members.
It will also be noticed that by the use of I the machine, skilled laborwherever used for the batting operations is completely dis- Having thusdescribed my invention, 1'
claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent: 0
1. In a finishing machine for finishing pile fabrics in open width,drawing means imparting a continuous travelin motion to a piece of pilefabric, a pair of rollers between which asses the piece of pile fabric,one of the r01 ers being smooth and the other being provided with combsengaging the pile face of the piece of pile fabric to comb the pilerearwardly, spaced guiding means in advance of the said rollers, arevoluble batting member located intermediate the said spaced guidingmeans and having transversely extending bats adapted to bat the pilerearwardly, and a second air of rollers between which passes the pi efabric and of which one roller is smooth and the other roller isprovided with combs engaging the pile and combing it forward.
2. In a finishing machine for finishing pile fabrics in open width,drawing means 1mparting a continuous traveling motion to a piece of pilefabric, a pair of rollers between which passes the piece of pile fabric,one of the rollers being smooth and the other being provided with combsengaging the pile face of the piece of pile fabric to comb the pilerearwardly, spaced guiding means in advance of the said rollers, arevoluble batting member located intermediate the said spaced guidingmeans and havin transversely extending bats adapted to bat the pilerearwardly, a second pair of rollers between which passes the piece ofpile fabric and of which one roller is smooth and the other roller isprovided with combs engaging the pile and combing it forward, spacedgulding means in advance of the said second pair of rollers, and a pairof spaced revoluble'batting and combing members intermediate the lastmentioned guiding means and batting and combing the ile rearward.
3. In afinis ing machine for finishing pile fabrics in open width,drawing means 1mparting a continuous traveling motion to a piece of pilefabric, spaced guiding means for the piece of fabric, a revolublebatting member located intermediate the said guiding means and havingtransversely extending bats adapted to bat the pile of the piece of pilefabric in rapid succession, a driven revoluble combing member engagingthe batted pile of the piece of ile fabric and combing the pile in aforwar direction, and a pair of spaced revoluble batting and combingmembers, of which the batting member bats the forwardly combed pile andthe combing members combs the pile rearwardly.
4. In a finishing machine'for finishing pile fabrics in open width,drawing means imparting a continuous traveling motion to a piece of pilefabric, spaced guiding means for the plece of pile fabric, and a pair ofrevoluble battin and combing members arranged interme iate the saidguiding means, the said batting member batting the pile in a rearwarddirection and the said combing member combing the pile in a forwarddirection.
5. In a finishing machine for finishing pile fabrics in open width,drawing means imparting a continuous traveling motion to a piece of pilefabric, a pair of revoluble batting and combing members, guide rollersfor the piece of pile fabric and located on opposite sides of the saidpair of batting and combing members, and a guiding and tightening memberfor the piece of pile fabric and located intermediate the said battingand combing members.
6. A finishing machine for finishing pile fabrics in open width,comprising drawing means imparting a continuous traveling motion to apiece of pile fabric, a pair of rolls between which passes the piece ofpile fabric, one of the rolls having a peripheral comb adapted to combthe pile rearwardly,
a pair of spaced gui'de rollers for guiding the pile fabric after itleaves the said pair of rolls, a revoluble batting member intermediatethe said guide rollers and batting the said combed pile, a second pairof rolls between which passes the pile fabric after leaving the lastguide roller, one of the rolls having a peripheral comb adapted to combthe previously batted pile in a forward direction, spaced guidingrollers for the piece of pile fabric and located in advance of the saidsecond pair of rolls, at least one pair of revoluble spaced battingandcombing members engaging the pile of the piece of pile fabricintermediate the said last mentioned guiding rollers, the said lastmentioned batting and combing members batting and combing the pile in arearward direction, a set of three spaced guide rollers for the piece ofpile fabric and in advance of the last combing member, and another pairof batting and combing members engaging the pile of the piece of pilefabric on opposite sides of the intermediate one of the said three guiderollers, the last mentioned batting and combing members batting andcombing the pile rearwardly.
7. A finishing machine for finishing pile fabrics in open width,comprising a series of guides for the fabric, a drawing means at theexit end of the machine for drawing the fabric through the machine, aretarding means at the entrance end of the machine for retarding thefabric to hold the latter taut during its passage through the ma chine,revoluble combin members arranged to engage the pile of t e taut fabric,revoluble batting members alternating with the said combing members andeach having transverse bats to bat the pile face of the fabric in rapidsuccession, and a driving means connected. with the said drawing means,the said combing members, and the said batting members to rotate thesaid drawing means at a low rate of speed and the said combing andbatting members at a high rate of speed.
8. In a finishing machine for finishing ile fabrics in open width,drawing means imparting a continuous traveling motion to a piece of pilefabric, a pair of revoluble batting and combing members, guide rollersfor the piece of pile fabric and located on opposite sides of the saidpair of batting and combing members, a guiding and tightening member forthe piece of pile fabric and located intermediate the said batting andcombing members, and manually controlled means for adjusting the saidguiding and tightening member.
THOMAS CUTHBERT BARKER.
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2024-03-22
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1919-12-31
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1921-02-08"
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US-43561565-A
|
Looms for weaving carpets, especially axminster carpets
H. BUD 3,292,663
LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS, ESPECIALLY AXMINSTER CARPETS Dec. 20, 1966 I5Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 26, 1965 1 12 fij i l'dl Inventor v HAN: Bu]:
By ma 8 M Attorney:
LOOMS FOR wmvwa CARPETS, ESPECIALLY AXMINSTER CARPETS Filed Feb. 26,1965 H. BUD
Dec. 20,1966
5 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 7
FIG.9'
NVENTOR I HANS BUD ATTORNEYS v Hr BUD Dec. 20, 1966 LOOMS FOR WEAVING,CARPETS, ESPECIALLY AXMINSTER CARPETS 5 Sheets-Sheet :5
Filed Feb. 26, 1965 lnuen lor 1mm 4:0
By M15, 8
A Manley;
United States Patent 3 292,663. LOOMS FOR WEAVIISIG CARPETS, ESPECIALLYAXMINSTER CARPETS Hans Bud, London, England, assignor to English Nmibering Machines Limited, Enfield, England, a British company FiledFeb. 26, 1965, Ser. No. 435,615 Claims priority, application GreatBritain, Mar. 3, 1964, 8,842/ 64 4 Claims. (Cl. 139-10) The inventionrelates to tubes for use in looms for weaving carpets, especiallyAxminster carpets.
Axminster carpet looms have a carrier provided with a series of metalmembers formed by flat metal tubes, each tube being wider at one endthan at the other, the wide end being sloped relative to the tube axis,and the tube wall near the wide end being slotted for facilitatingfixing of the tubes to the carrier. As is known, in use of the looms,tufting yarns are threaded through the tubes.
It is an object of the invention to re-design such tubes so that theycan be easily manufactured of plastic material and can be easilyattached to and detached from a loom for weaving Axminster and othercarpets.
It is another object of the invention to provide such tubes made ofplastic material which can easily be moulded.
These and other objects and advantages will become apparent to thoseskilled in the art from the following detailed description of myinvention when read with reference to the accompanying drawings, whichare given by way of example and in which:
FIG. 1 shows in side elevation a plastics tube having flat side wallsfor use in a loom for weaving carpets;
FIGS. 2 to 6 show views taken in cross section along the lines II-II toVIVI, respectively, of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 illustrates a section along the line VII--VII of FIG. 1; 7
FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of the tube of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 illustrates, in section, a part of the tube of FIG. 1 held in aconventional tube carrier of a loom for weaving Axminster carpets;
FIG. 10 shows a side view taken in elevation of a modified form of theplastics tube having flat side walls; and
FIGS. 11 to 15 show views taken in cross-section along the lines XIXI toXV-XV, respectively, of FIG. 10.
The tube shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 is made of synthetic plastic material,and has two flat side walls 1 joined by a top wall 2 and a curved bottom3, the bottom 3 being slightly inclined towards the top wall 2 along apart of the length of the tube. The top wall 2 is turned outwardly ofthe tube by a small amount at one end of the tube to form a lip 4, whichserves to wedge the tube in position when the tube is mounted in a tubecarrier 50 (FIG. 9) as described below.
Each of the side walls 1 is formed with a circular opening 5,. and arectangular abutment 6 and an end abutment 7, the two abutments 7 beingformed at an end 8 of the tube, this end 8 being the end of the tube atwhich the lip 4 is formed and being wider than the opposite end of thetube. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the wide end 8 is sloped relative tothe axial direction of the tube. On each side wall 1, the abutment 6 hasan abutment edge 9 spaced from an abutment edge 10 on the abutment 7, inthe axial direction of the tube, by a distance a corresponding to thewidth of a bridge member 51 of the tube carrier 50 (FIG. 9) on which thetube is mounted when in use, as described below. The abutment edge 10extends over the entire width of the corresponding side wall 1, and theabutment edge 9 extends only across a part of the width of this wall andforms one edge of the rectangular abutment 6, which slopes and mergeswith the flat wall 1 on the other three sides thereof.
The plastic tube shown in FIG. 10 is similar to that shown in FIG. 1 andthe same reference numerals have accordingly been employed to indicatethe same partsin both of these figures.
However, instead of the circular openings 5 shown in FIG. 1 the sidewalls of the tube shown in FIG. 10 are each formed with an opening 30which is generally rectangular when viewed in elevation and the bottomof which is defined by a surface 31 (FIG. 12) which is inclined relativeto the side wall 1 to facilitate removal of the tube from a mould formaking the same. Also, instead of the abutment 6 of the tube shown inFIG. 1, the tube shown in FIG. 10 is formed with a smaller rectangularabutment 33 having :more gradually sloping side walls 34 and 35 on twosides thereof. The abutment 33 has an abutment edge 36 extending acrossonly part of the width of the tube, the abutment edge 36 beingperpendicular to the axial direction of the tube and to thecorresponding side wall 1, and the fourth side 37 of the abutment 33 isinclined to the corresponding side wall 1 but with a greater slope thanthe side walls 34 and 35.
In use, the plastic tube is'inserted into a tube carrier '50 (FIG. 9) ofan Axminster loom. Such tube carriers conventionally comprise a bridgemember 51 provided with a plurality of slots for receiving the tubes.With the tubes shown in FIGS. 1 and 10, the abutments 6 and 7 or 33 and7 are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction of the tube bya distance a cor-responding to the width of the bridge member of thetube carrier so that said bridge member can enter the space betweenthese abutments. The-lip 4 bears against, and is slightly resilientlydeformed by, a part of the tube carrier, for example a spring member,for wedging the tube securely in position. The lip 4 also facilitatesthe entry of the yarn tufts into the tube.
The formation of the abutments on the flat walls of the plastic tubes bymoulding provides a convenient and cheap Way of providing means on thetubes for securing the same to the bridge member and avoids anynecessity for forming slots by a separate manufacturing step in walls ofmetal tubes as with hitherto usual. Moreover, the use of plastic tubes,which term as used throughout this specification embraces thermoplasticstubes and tubes of other mouldable synthetic materials, has theadvantage that when in use in carpet looms the knives of such looms areless liable to be damaged by contact with the present plastics tubesthan with the metal tubes previously employed. Such contact mayaccidently occur when damaged tubes fall from the tube carrier as thetuft yarn is fed through the tubes, or when the tube carriers are notproperly gripped or located at the weaving station. Replacing the knivesnecessitates halting production on the looms, and regrinding of theknives is an expensive process. It is therefore advantageous to reducedamage of the knives to a minimum.
Plastic tubes are also less liable to damage the tuft yarn or to bedamaged while being threaded with the tuft yarn, and in transport andhandling between such threading operations and mounting of the tubes onthe looms. When metal tubes are used, such damage can cause sharpexternal or internal edges on the tubes. The external sharp edges tendto cut the threads which form the bases of the carpets, while theinternal sharp edges may cut the yarn which passes through the tubes,both of which can cause stoppage of the looms. Also, plastics tubes donot corrode.
It should be clearly understood that the specific embodiments describedand illustrated are given merely by way of example and that manymodifications, omissions and additions are possible without departingfrom the spirit of the invention.
I claim:
1. A plastic tube for use in carpet looms, comprising two generally flatside walls and four abutments projecting from said side walls, two ofsaid abutments being proyided on one of said flat walls and the othertwo of said abutments being provided on the other one of said flatWalls, the said two abutments of each wall being spaced apart from eachother in the axial direction of the tube by a distance substantiallycorresponding in Width to a bridge member of a tube carrier so that saidbridge mem- 4. A tube as defined in claim 3, wherein one of said ber canenter the space between said two abutments of each of said side walls,said tube being wider at one end than at the other end, the wider end ofsaid tube being sloped relative to the axial direction of said tube, thesaid abutments being provided at the wider end of said tube.
2. A plastic tube as defined in claim 1, and comprising a lip extendingoutwardly of the tube at the wider end thereof.
3. A tube as defined in claim 1, wherein said four abutments each havean abutment edge perpendicular to said axial direction.
entire width of said flat wall, the other abutment edge extending onlyacross a part of the width of said flat wall and forming an edge of arectangle which slopes and merges into the flat wall at opposite sidesof said abutment.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,329,302 1/1920Lea 13910 1,621,453 3/1927 BiX-by 13910 2,608,215 8/1952 Robb 139102,806,252 9/1957 Bishop 1826 FOREIGN PATENTS 178,228 4/ 1922 GreatBritain.
'MERVIN STEIN, Primary Examiner.
20 H. S. JAUDON, Assistant Examiner.
1. A PLASTIC TUBE FOR USE IN CARPET LOOMS, COMPRISING TWO GENERALLY FLATSIDE WALLS AND FOUR ABUTMENTS PROJECTING FROM SAID SIDE WALLS, TWO OFSAID ABUTMENTS BEING PROVIDED ON ONE OF SAID FLAT WALLS AND THE OTHERTWO OF SAID ABUTMENTS BEING PROVIDED ON THE OTHER ONE OF SAID FLATWALLS, THE SAID TWO ABUTMENTS OF EACH WALL BEING SPACED APART FROM EACHOTHER IN THE AXIAL DIRECTION OF THE TUBE BY A DISTANCE SUBSTANTIALLYCORRESPONDING IN WIDTH TO A BRIDGE MEMBER OF A TUBE CARRIER SO THAT SAIDBRIDGE MEMBER CAN ENTER THE SPACE BETWEEN SAID TWO ABUTMENTS OF EACH OFSAID SIDE WALLS, SAID TUBE BEING WIDER AT ONE END THAN AT THE OTHER END,THE WIDER END OF SAID TUBE BEING
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2024-03-22
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1965-02-26
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1966-12-20"
}
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US-47736321-A
|
Dough-molding machine
May 12, 1925. 1,537,613
F. x. LTAUTERBUR DouGH MOLDING MACHINE Filed June 14, 1921.
Patented May 12, 1925.
UNITED STATES FRANK X. LAUTERBUR, lor SIDNEY, oIIIo.
noUsII-MOLDING MACHINE.
Application filed June 14, 1921. y Serial No. 477,363.
T 0 all whom t may concern:
Be it known that I, FRANK X. LAUTERBUR, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Sidney, in the county of Shelby and State of Ohio,have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in `Dough- MoldingMachines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescriptionfreference being had to the accompanying drawings, formingpart of this specification.
My invention relates to dough molding machines and more particularly toattachments therefor which form extensions-of the lmeading elements ofsuch machines.
1n my Patent No. 1,167,187, dated January 4, 1916, I describe a 'form ofdough mold-` quickly and positively attached to a kneadmg box in suchmachines as in said patent and application for patent, wherebyadditional kneading may be imparted to the roll or coil of dough, saidunit to be driven by the power means for the machine to which it isattached.
Another object of my invention is to provide this extension unit withmeans for varying the shape of a roll of dough by making its endssmaller or larger than its central portions.
i Another object is to provide for driving mechanism for the extension,which can be adjusted to mesh with the conveyor belt drive of the mainmachine, no matter what adjustment is made in the said belt drive.
These objects and other advantages to be noted I accomplish by thatcertain construction and arrangement of parts to be hereinafter morespecifically pointed out and claimed.
In the drawings,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the device partly in elevation.
Figure 2 is a sect-ion on the line 2--2 of Figure 1. i i
- Figure is a detail section taken through the pressure board showing adifferent position from that inFigure 2.
` 1,537,613y PATENT omer.- f'
Figure 4 is another like Aviewf showing a third board. j,
Figure 5 is a side elevation showingthe unit in attachment to theVbuilt-in kneading lunit of one lof my machines. Y y l I have indicatedatl theside standards of the extension unit kneading device, same havinglower side crosspieces 2, a front cross piece 3, and-.a rear cross piece4, and bed forming top pieces 5.-4
`Set on the 'top'bars or bed are apair or more of arched straps 6, whichare held in place by means of bolts 7, so that they straddle themachine. These straps have central journal sleeves 9 having bosses 8,which suitable 'heads 10.
The sleeves areinternally'threaded to receive the screw posts 11,which'support` the" pressure board and are non-rotatably secured to saidboard, whereby the revolution` position of adjustment ofthe pressure" ofthe' sleeves will feed thescrews. along, and n adjust the position ofthe board. 4 v The sleeves have collars 12thereon,an'd
also sprockets 13, said'sprockets being con-` nected by a chain, wherebythe sleeves are held against reciprocation in the bosses and therevolution of one sleevepwill cause the other to revolve in a likemannenfl` y The one sleeve may have a hand wheel 14 for easy operationand'by means of the structure described a uniform plany forthe positionof the pressure board is assured at all times. i Y
The screw posts are rigidly'secured tothe board )supporting plates 15,vwhich are formed with upturned sides k16, ,as shown. The pressure boardproper is'fo'rmed of a central section larsecured'fast tothe lsupportingplates and two sidev4 sections 16a hinged to the central section.
The hinges 17, which accomplish 4this structure,v are equipped withsprings yadaptcd to close them and bring the side pieces to the positionshown in Figure 2, such that the main portion of theboardis lower than.
the two side pieces. Y yk. j
Ving bolts 18 are set in the turned-up ysides of the supporting plates,which `bolts bear on the hinged portions of; the` vside board, so that avariety of positions can be obtained illustrated .by Figures 2, 3, andl4,
whereby theglower surface of the pressurev board may be in a single planas in Figure 3y or a semi-convex form asin Figure 2 or a semi-concaveform as shown inFlgure 4. j
Set in the front and rear of the machine are shafts `19 and 20, whichcarry rolls 21 and 22, over which passes a conveyor belt 23. The spaceintermediate the 17W() conveyors may be taken up by any suitable`kneading board 24 (see my patent above referred to) `which presents tothe conveyor a corrugated supporting surface. Thus when rolls of doughare'engaged by the conveyor and caused'to travel through the machine,they will be'pressed down against the conveyor by the pressure board andwill re-v ceive the kneading action impartedfbyythe kneading boardandat'tlie same time will be given the proper taper'at the ends or towardthe middle ythat may be found de-l sirable.-
Theshaft 19 is the driving shaft for the conveyor device .and has asprocket thereon to drive a chain 25, which engages over a sprocket onthe shaft 20. This chain is i tensioned by an adjustable idler sprocket26.
The shaft 19 has on thel inside of .the
frame a gear 27 fast thereon, and on the outside of the frame is hung acasing 28., which 'journals .a wide gear 29. The gear 29 may be swung bythe fram'e about the aXis of the gearmQ', so that it will drive theshaft 19 from a variety of positions. A wing bolt l 30, heldin alug onlthe casing,'engages the side frame of the extensionunit, and by adi .ljustment Lof thek bolt, the position `of the casing and hence of thewide gear 29 may be readily adjusted.
In'the machinerof my patent and moreV particularly of my application forpatent,
- the' main lor kneading frame parts 3 1 are provided with conveyordrivingl means, ter- A minating in ay sprocket. 32, adjustable toabovedescribed, va variety of adjustments getheifvvith its ,shaft 133 insliding journal boXesf34. Y
By means of my planetary gearv device can becompensated for'when theextension y f1 l 1 unit 1s secured to the main lmeadmg frame lparts bythe raising vor lowering of this wide n gear,
' ing the es fa secu-ring 'device vfor my separable unit, I provide abracket l35 at the rear of,` the unit for the journaling of a rockshafty 36. At the front of the machine a cross bar 37 is mounted bymeans .of'bolts 3S engagframey standards and passing through slots r39in the cross bar. The shaft vpasses'through this cross bar and can movelengthwise with the cross bar 'when it is adjusted on its slottedmounting.
i 'i' The cross bar Ahas a central bloss 40 j soA a versely vpiercedywith slots 42,
through whichl the shaft passes, and also two projecting'arms `41, 41,which are transy The Shaft has a head 42a on its -end to which arepivoted two lockingl rods The arms 4 1 extend inside of main frame 31kto Which my device t0 be attached in such away as to snugly fit insidethe two y rearmost vertical standards thereof, and by Y rocking theshaft, the locking rods can be swung so as to slide in the slots 42.This will bring the ends of the rods 43 across the framey parts 31,thereby firmly clamping the two frames together without in any wayrequiring attachments on the frame of the molding machineproper.
The rolls of dough will pass from the machine proper to the extensionunit and there sary, and the unit can be quickly and firms-v ly attachedso as to be driven from thema-y chine proper. j
I havev not attempted to show` in great detail some of the parts of myextension y'be given such further treatment as neces# unit, and themechanic skilled in the artsy involved may readily devise other corres#pondmg structures for accomplishing the various features of my,invention without departing from the spirit thereof. I have omitteddescription of modified structure.
without any desire to thereby imply a limitation to the construction ofthe claims that follow.
I-Iavingthus described my invention, what I Vclaim as new and desire tosecure byvLet-4 ters Patent, is j 1. `In a device ofthe characterdescribed, the combination with a 4'pressure board mounting` means, of apressure board hav ing articulated members, and means for p0-` sitioningsaid members to provide a pres sure surface lying in more than oneplane.
2. In a device ofthe character described, the combination with a.pressure board mounting means, ofa pressure board having -a centralportion and articulated sides mountedin connection therewith, and meansfor positioning said articulated sides, for
the purpose described. j
3. In a device of the character' described, the combination withsuspending means for a pressure board, of supporting means on ilo saidsuspending means, said `supporting l means lying in a plurality ofplanes, and a pressure board, comprising articulated members mounted onthe supporting means, said supporting vmeans having.. members kthereonto engage the articulated portions 5. In a device of the Characterdescribed, a pressure board, comprising a central member, and sidemembers hinged to said central member, and means for supporting thecentral member and for retaining` the side members in desired angularrelation to the central member. v
6. ln a device of the character described, the combination with apressure board mounting means, of a pressure board havingy articulatedmembers, and means for positioning said members to provide a pressuresurface lying in more than one plane, said supporting means beingadjustable for length so as to position the pressure board in desiredposition With relation to a lnieading surface.
7. In combination, a plurality of supporting straps in a machine of thecharacter described, posts adjustably held in said straps, cross pieceson the ends of the posts having upturned ends, and a pressure boardsecured to the cross pieces, said board havingside members hingedthereto, and adjustable means .on the cross pieces to engage said sidemembers of the pressure board.
8. In combination, a plurality of supporting straps in a machine of thecharacter described, posts adjustably held in said straps, cross pieceson the ends of the posts having upturned ends, and a pressure boardsecured to the cross pieces, said board having side members hingedthereto, and adjustable means on the cross pieces to engage said sidemembers of the pressure board, the hinges for the board being springhinges, and the adjustable means on the cross pieces comprisingabntments adjustable for length, as and for the purpose described.
0. In combination with a dough molding machine having a frame portionand gearing thereon, an extension unit having kneading mechanismtherein, comprising gearing for driving the same, and means for securingthe extension unit to the frame portion with the respective gearingthereof in mesh, a portion of the gearing for the extension unit beingplanetary and means for holding said planetary portion thereof in avariety of positions to insure a mesh with the gearing on the frameportion.
10. ln combination with a dough molding machine having a kneadingdevice, and gearing therefor. an extension unit having kneadingmechanism therein, comprising gearing for driving the same, andmeans forsecuring the extension nnit to the kneading device with the respectivegearing thereof in mesh, said gearing being adjustable for the eXtensionunit, so as to engage the kneading device gearing in a variety ofpositions, and said securing means for the extension unit being mountedsolely on the extension unit.
ing therefor, an extension unit having kneading mechanism therein,comprising gearing for driving the same, and means vfor securing theextension unit to the kneading device with the respective gearingthereof in mesh, said gearing` being adjustable for the extension unit,so as to engage the kneading device gearing in a variety of positions,and said securing means for the'eXtension unit being adjustable to andfrom the unit.
12. In combination With a dough molding machine or the like, and anextension unit therefor, an attaching means for the one to the other,comprising the frame standards of each, a pair of arms on the one toliealong the frame standardsI of the other,"and a member supported inconnection with the arms'and having laterally extending articnlated rodsor the like, adapted to engage across the said frame standards and toengage the said arms. j
13. The combination with an extension unit for use in dough moldingmachines, a
ber, and rodson. the rock shaft, said arms 1 being extended to the farside of the machine frame from the unit, and means on the said arms toengage the rods upon a rocking of the shaft, and the rods adapted toengage the molding machine frame.
14. The combination With" an extension unit for use in dough moldinglmachines, a frame for said unit and for the machine, 'and cross memberon the unit having forwardly extending arn s to lie along the frame ofthe machine, a roel; shaft in the cross member, and rods on the rockshaft, said arms being extended to the far side of the machine framefrom the unit, and means on the said arms to engage the rods upon arocking of the shaft, saidv means comprising holes in the arms, saidholes being adapted to receive the rods, and the rods adapted to engagethe ,molding machine frame.
15. The combination with an extension unit for use in dough moldingmachines, a frame for saidunit and for the machine, and a cross memberon the unit having forwardly extending arms to lie alongv the frame ofthe machine, a rock shaft in the cross member, and rods on theroclrshaft, said arms being extended to the far, side ofl the machineframe from the unit, and means on-the said arms to engage the rods upona rocking of the shaft, said cross members being adapted to beadjustably secured in position in the extension unit, and the rodsadapted kto engage the molding machine frame.
16. In combination with a dough molding machine having an adjustablegear at 011e fol'- retaining thesad planetary gear in la end of its`frame, an extension u nlt for acting variety vof positions and forSecuring the exyupon the dough treated in the machine, tension unit tothe maehne, so as to permit 10 mechanism inthe extension unit,comprising' a meshing olf said, adjustable `gear on the vgearing todrive the same, a planetary gear machine and the planetary gear on theunit. on the extension adapted to serve as the 'prime mover of saidmechanism, and means FRANK- LAUTERBUR A
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2024-03-22
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1921-06-14
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1925-05-12"
}
|
US-61919332-A
|
Radio receiver
Nov. 24, 1936. I M, A. MCLENNAN 2,061,736,
RADIO RECEIVER Filed June 25, 1932 INVENTOR Miles .l lcLennan HISATTORNEI Patented Nov. 24, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIE 7 Claims.
My invention relates to radio receivers and, more particularly, toreceivers of the so-called remote control type.
It is an object of my invention to provide a light, portable tuning orstation selecting unit capable of being moved from place to place in aliving room, or a similar location, in order that accurate tuning of aradio receiver may be accomplished from any desired point therein.
Another object of my invention is to provide a remote control radioreceiver so constructed that the portions thereof not involved in thetuning operation may be disposed at a distance from the tuning unitproper Without militating against the efficiency of the systemconsidered as a Whole.
A still further and more specific object of my invention is to provide,in a radio receiver of the type preferred to, a single manually operableelement that shall function both as a volume control and as an on-oifswitch.
In brief, a receiving system embodying my invention preferably comprisesthree separate units, namely, (1), a tuning-control unit including asignal receptor, such as a loop antenna, an oscillator, a firstdetector, (2) a main amplifier and 7 power supply device, and (3) aloudspeaker. The tuning unit preferably is enclosed in a small box about10"x5"x6", and the tuning condensers therein are interconnected foruni-control. The pickup loop is mounted inside the tuning controlcabinet and, for ordinary signal reception, need not be over 5" square.
It is, of course, feasible to dispose the tuningcontrol unit adjacent toa lead-in from an outside antenna, if desirable, but I have found thatvery satisfactory reception may be had using only the loop in thecontrol unit.
The main amplifier I, preferably, dispose in the basement of the housewherein the installation is made and I connect it to the tuning unitthrough a five-wire cable, which cable not only supplies power for theoperation of the three tubes in the tuning unit but also conveys theintermediate frequency signal from the tuning unit to the amplifier.
The constants of the cable are so chosen, i. e., the inductance anddistributed capacity thereof, that, together with an input coil disposedin the main amplifier, the said cable provides maximum transmissionefiiciency for the intermediate frequency.
The intermediate frequency portion of the main amplifier is a completelyshielded unit, preferably utilizing thermionic tubes of the scree gridtype, such as those commercially known as UX222, and operates at afrequency of about 160 kilocycles. The audio frequency amplifier portionand the power unit are orthodox in substantially all respects, as isalso the dynamic itself, however, both as to its organization and itsmethod of operation, together with additional objects and advantagesthereof, will best be understood from the accompanying drawing, thesingle figure of which is a diagrammatic view of a complete radioreceiving system constructed and arranged according to my invention.
Referring to the drawing, a radio receiving system constructed accordingto a preferred embodiment of my invention comprises a portable tuningcontrol unit indicated by a dotted line I, a'portable loudspeaker 3disposed within soundrange of the said unit, and a remotely situatedamplifier and power supply device indicated by a dotted rectangle 5. Inthe drawing, the remote location of the amplifier and power supply unitas, for example, in the basement of a dwelling house or the like whereinthe system is installed, is indicated by a partition or fioor l, and bythe fact that portions of the conductors interconnecting the severalelements are shown in dotted lines.
The portable tuning control unit includes a frequency converting tube,or first detector, 9, an oscillator tube ll, an intermediate amplifiertube l3, and a signal receptor such as a small loop IS. The tuningcondensers l1 and I9, respectively, associated with the first detectorand the oscillator, are preferably of the straight line frequency typeand are interconnected for simultaneous actuation.
The several thermionic tubes 9, H, and I3 may be inter-connected forsignal transfer purposes in any manner well known to those skilled inthe art, although I have found by experience that the connections shownin the drawing offer certain advantages. For example, it will be notedthat the locally generated oscillations are impressed on the platecircuit of the frequency converting tube through a conductor 2| leadingto the low potential end of a beat-frequency output circuit constitutedby a choke coil 23 and a condenser 25, this particular mode ofconnection being somewhat advantageous in that it, to some extent,minimizes the deleterious effect upon the tuning of the radio frequencystage occasioned by the tuning of the oscillator, and also tends tominimize radiation of the locally generated oscillations.
A choke coil 26 is preferably interposed in the plate potential supplyconnection to the first detector tube 9, the constants of this coilbeing so chosen that it offers a high impedance to the 10- callygenerated oscillations from the oscillator tube H.
The tubes in the tuning control unit are supplied with cathode heatingpotentials over a plurality of common conductors 27 and 29, of which theconductor 29 extends to the positive pole of a battery 3| disposed inthe amplifier unit 5, the connection including the winding of a relay33, While the other conductor, 21, extends from the cathodes to a fixedcontact 35 of a switching de vice 3'1, mounted in the remote controlunit. The switching device includes a resilient contact arm 39 fromwhich a conductor 49 extends to the negative pole of the battery.
The switching device, it will be noted, in addition to the contactsincluded in the cathode heating circuit, also comprises a potentiometerconstituted by a resistor 4! and a movable contact 43. The upper end ofthe resistor is connected to the plate of the first detector [3 througha condenser 45. When the movable contact 43 is in the position shown inthe drawing, the oathode heating circuit of the several tubes in thesystem is broken and, at the same time, since the movable contact isconnected conductively to the cathode of the first detector, thepotentials impressed upon the input circuit of the beat frequencyamplifying portion of the main amplifier are minimum.
The main amplifier includes a plurality of beat frequency amplifiertubes 47, 49, and 5i, a second detector tube 53, and a plurality ofaudio frequency amplifier tubes 55 and 57, the tube 51 being of thepower type, and the tubes 4'! and 49, as well as 49 and 5!, beingconnected through similar tuned impedance networks 59. The first orinput tube of the beat frequency amplifier is coupled to the outputcircuit of the tube l3 over the common conductor 21 and a conductor 6|,the latter extending between the plate of amplifier tube l3 and the highpotential end of an impedance device 63. The constants of the cableincluding the several conductors thus far enumerated and the impedancedevice are so chosen that attenuation of the beat frequency is minimum.
The detector tube 53 may be coupled in any desired manner to the thirdbeat frequency amplifier tube 55, and the audio frequency amplifiertubes 55 and 51 may be connected by a transformer 65, the first of thesetubes being coupled to the output circuit of the detector in any desiredmanner, as by a network El. The specific coupling network 67 shown inthe drawing, and which I have found quite satisfactory, includes aseries resonant circuit 59 tuned to the beat frequency, a couplingresistor H, a blocking condenser 13, and an audio frequency choke coill5. This increases the efficiency of rectification and, at the sametime, does not attenuate the high audio frequencies such as does asimple by-pass capacitor as heretofore known.
Grid bias potential for the second detector 53 and the first audiofrequency amplifier 55 may be provided by a small biasing battery 11,the positive terminal of which is adjustably connected to a resistor 19disposed across the cathode heating current supply leads 2'! and 29. Themanner in which bias potential is applied to the grid of the poweramplifier tube will be hereinafter referred to in more detail.
In order that the battery 3| supplying cathode heating potentials to allof the tubes in the system with the exception of the power amplifier maybe kept charged I, preferably, provide a full wave rectifier 9i andfloat the battery across the output terminals thereof. The rectifier issupplied with high potential alternating current from a powertransformer 83, one terminal of the primary winding of which is directlyconnected to a power line, and the other terminal of which, over anadjustable resistor 81, may be connected to the remaining power supplyline over a circuit including a plurality of contacts 89 and 9i, carriedby the armature of the relay 33 interposed in the cathode heatingcircuit.
Plate potentials for all of the tubes in the system are supplied from arectifier 93 energized from a power transformer 95, the primary windingof which is connected in parallel with the primary winding of thetransformer which feeds the battery charging rectifier. The rectifier 93has an output circuit serially including a choke coil 81, the fieldwinding 99 of the loudspeaker 3, and an output resistor IOI, one end ofwhich is connected to the negative terminal of the rectifier 93 and,preferably, is provided with a ground connection.
The power transformer includes an additional secondary winding I03 forthe purpose of supplying cathode potential to the power amplifier 57, aresistor I05 being connected across this winding, and having a mid tapfrom which a connection l0! extends to the negative terminal of therectifier output resistor I01 over a biassupply resistor I09.
Upon reference to the drawing, it will be noted that the space currentflowing in the power amplifier tube 51 returns to the negative end ofthe rectifier output resistor over a path including the resistor Q05connected across the cathode heating winding )3 and the resistor I09connected between the said winding and. the negative end of therectifier output resistor IDI. It will also be noted that the grid ofthe power amplifier tube is connected to the grounded negative end ofthe rectifier output resistor l9! over a circuit including theconductors 21, and 40, and, therefore, is maintained at a potentialnegative with respect to the cathode by reason of the drop across theresistor I99.
In order that the operation of my improved receiving system may beclearly understood, let it be assumed that the on-off switch 3"! in thetuning control unit is in the position shown in the drawing. Such beingthe case, the cathode heating circuits of all of the tubes except thepower amplifier are interrupted and the relay 33 is not energized. If,now, the movable contact device 43 is adjusted away from the positionshown in the drawing in the direction indicated by the arrow, thecontacts 35 and 39 of the switch are permitted to close. The closing ofthese contacts supplies potential to the oathodes of the tubes over theconductors 2'! and 40 and, simultaneously therewith, the relay 33 isenergized, causing the contacts 89 and 9| to close. The closing of therelay contacts completes a circuit through which the primary windings ofthe several power transformers 83 and 95 75 are connected to the powersupply lines and the rectifiers 93 and BI deliver, respectively, platecurrent to the tubes in the system and charging current for the cathodeheating battery 3|.
Obviously, the secondary winding IE3 of the transformer 95, at the sametime, supplies cathode potential to the power amplifier tube 5'! and theentire system is in condition for the reception of signals.
During signal reception, the tuning control unit i may be moved fromplace to place without militating against signal reception, the range ofmovement of the device being circumscribed only by the length of thecable interposed between it and the point at which the said cable entersthe room wherein the unit is disposed.
The loudspeaker 3 also may be moved to any convenient locationdetermined by the length of the cable connecting it to the outputcircuit of the main amplifier.
For volume control purposes, the movable element 43 of the on-off switch31 is moved further and further toward the free end of the resistor 4|associated therewith, such movement serving to increase the volume andmovement in the reverse direction serving to reduce the volume.
It will, accordingly, be appreciated from a consideration of theforegoing description of a preferred embodiment of my invention that asystem constructed in accordance therewith offers many advantages. Forexample, my improved system lends itself admirably to installation indwelling houses where the living room is too small to accommodate aradio receiver of the usual console type. Furthermore, by reason of themobility of the tuning control unit, it may be placed in any convenientlocation in the said living room such, for example, as adjacent to thefavorite armchair of the householder and, from that position, thecontrol of signal reception may be had with minimum effort. Many otheradvantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which myinvention pertains.
Although I have chosen a preferred embodiment of my invention forpurposes of illustration, it is to be clearly understood that I am notrestricted thereto, my invention being limited only by the extent of theprior art and by the spirit of the appended claims.
I claim as my invention:
1. A radio receiver of the superheterodyne type comprising a portabletuning unit including means for converting an incoming signal into anamplified intermediate frequency signal, a remotely disposed seconddetector for converting the intermediate frequency signal to an audiofrequency signal, means including a cable for transferring saidintermediate frequency signal from said portable unit to said remotelydisposed second detector, and means for utilizing said audio frequencysignal.
2. The invention set forth in claim 1 characterized in that the portableunit includes an oscillator, a first detector and at least one stage ofa beat frequency amplifier.
3. The invention set forth in claim 1 characterized in that the portableunit includes at least one stage of a beat frequency amplifier inaddition to said signal converting means, and that said cable hassuitable constants for minimizing the attenuation of intermediatefrequency signals transferred thereover.
4. A radio receiver of the superheterodyne type, comprising a portabletuning unit including means for converting an incoming signal into anintermediate frequency signal and amplifying said last named signal, aremotely disposed intermediate frequency amplifier, second detector,
audio frequency amplifier and power supply device, a multi-conductorcable having suitable constants for minimizing the attenuation ofintermediate frequency signalling currents conductively connecting saidunit and said second detector, and a loudspeaker connected to saidamplifier and power supply device to receive energizing potentialstherefrom.
5. In a radio receiving system of the superheterodyne type, a radiofrequency amplifier, oscillator and first detector comprised within aportable housing, an intermediate frequency amplifier, second detector,audio frequency amplifier and power supply device comprised within aremote housing, a sound reproducing unit connected to said audiofrequency amplifier and power supply device, and means includingconductive connections between said portable housing and said remotehousing for minimizing the attenuation of intermediate frequencycurrents which are transferred from said first detector to saidintermediate frequency amplifier.
6. In a superheterodyne receiving system, a portable unit containing atuning unit, frequency converter and intermediate frequency amplifier, aremotely situated unit containing a further intermediate frequencyamplifier, second detector, audio frequency amplifier, and power supplydevice; a multi-conductor transmission cable conductively connectingsaid portable unit with said remotely situated unit; and a soundreproducer connected to said audio frequency amplifier; the electricalconstants of the conductors in said transmission cable being such as tominimize the attenuation of intermediate frequency currents traversing acertain pairof said conductors there in, and the tuning unit andfrequency converter being adapted to effect suitable interaction betweena desired incoming signal and local oscillations for producingsignalling currents of a given intermediate frequency band, whereby saidcurrents may be transmitted to said remotely situated unit for derivingaudio frequency currents to be impressed upon said sound reproducer.
7. A remote control superheterodyne receiver comprising, in combination,a unitary control device including frequency converting and amplifyingelements, an amplifier for the conversion frequency, further means foramplifying said conversion frequency remotely located with respect tosaid control device, means for transmitting amplified conversionfrequency signals from said device to said last named means, a signaldetector connected with said further amplifying means to derive themodulation signal therefrom, a modulation signal amplifier and soundoutput device for reproducing the output from said signal detector,power supply means for said receiver connected with said control device,said amplifiers and said sound producing device to energize the same,and means in said control device for operating said power supply meansto energize said receiver.
MILES A. MoLENNAN.
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2024-03-22
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1932-06-25
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1936-11-24"
}
|
US-15616037-A
|
Drill bit
|. L. EARNHEART 2,179,689
DRILL BIT Filed 7 July 28, 1937 Zhwentor Patented Nov. 14, 19 39 IUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE DRILL BIT Isaac Earnheart, Troy, Mont.Application July 28, 1937, Serial No. 156,160
a 1 Clam.
My present invention relates to improvements in drill bits foruswithpower machines or tools in earth boring. The bit of my inventionis especially designed forsinking holes in rocks etc., It as in miningoperations, and the bitis employed with an impact or endwise-concussiontype of drilling machine-tool having a rotary feed, and water passagesfor conveying water to the cutters or cutting edges, and forconveying-water and W debris from the cutting edges ofthe bit.
In carrying out my invention I provide a bit which is readily detachablefrom its shank, drill-bar, or drill-stem, in order that the bit may beremoved when necessary for sharpening; and w the cutting edges orcutters of the bit are fashioned witha bevel-face, and a longitudinallyextending front face forming part of a rearwardly extending notch, whichfacilitates sharpening and ire-sharpening of the cutters or cuttingedges. my These bevel-end-faces of the cutters may repeatedly be grounddown or sharpened, and in conjunction with the recess and the frontlongitudinal face of the cutter, each cutter may with facility be grounda number of times'for re- 25 sharpening, thereby increasing thedurability of a drill bit, and securing a maximum service for a bit.
The plural cutting edges of the bit arearranged tangentially of thecenter-hole andin 30 parallel pairs, perpendicular in their relation tothe axis of the bit, and these sharp cutting edges, under repeatedimpacts or end-concussions of the machine-tool, and the rotary feed ofthe bit, chipofi the rock, rather than'dig into the rock, 35 therebyreducing the strain onthe cutting edges or cutters, increasing thecutting speed of. the
bit, and-facilitating both the impact and the rotary-feed operations ofthe machine tool. The
rock thus chipped. ofl forms a debris that may readily be conveyed fromthe cutting edges, and
the flowing water clears away such debris from the cutters. I L Theinvention consists in certain novel combinations and arrangements ofparts involving the 51 parallel pairs of tangentially oifset cuttingedges,
the front longitudinally extending faces' and the bevel-end faces ofthe. cutters as will hereinafter be more fully set forth and claimed. Inaccompanying drawing I have illustrated one complete 50 embodimentof myinvention wherein the parts are combined and arranged according to modesI have thus far devised for the practical application of the principlesof my invention, and it will be understood that changes and alterationsW may be made in this exemplifying drawing, withoffset, parallel,cutting edges.
in the scope of my claim, without departing from I the principles of myinvention.
Figure 1 is a, plan view of the impact or concussion face of the bit,showing the arrangement of two pairs of bevel-edge, or chisel-putters ofthe bit.
Figure 2 is a side view of the bit showing it. threaded to the reducedthreaded end of a tool shank, stem, or drill bar. v
Figure 3 is a perspective View showing the four cutters, with theirbevel faces and frontlongitudinal faces.
' Figure 4 is a transverse sectional detail view of the bit at line tiof Figure 2. a
Figure 5 and Figure 6 are side views of a modified form of the bit withone pair of tangentially In the assembly view of Figure 2 a well knowntype of drill-rod, stem, or shank i, for a machine tool, is shown withits central water passage 2 ex- 20. --tendi ng longitudinallytherethrough, and this stem has a reduced, threaded head 3 upon whichthe bit t is detachably mounted. The bit, in the form of a cylinder,is'fashioned with a threaded socket ii to fit over the head 3, and it isalso fashionedwith a central water passage or duct 5 forming anextension of the passage 2 for supplying water to the cutters, and forconveying the water and debris to the rear as the cutting progresses. g1
The shank l forms part of an impactor concussion tool that is providedwith a rotary feed for the shank and bit, and thesemembers are slowlyrotated as the tool shank and bit are quickly agitated or reciprocated.
The impact end of the bit swells or ,flares out to form a diametricallyenlarged bit-head 8, and
the impact face of this head is fashioned with a plurality of cuttingedges in diametrically-offset pairs that radiate from the centralopening or $0 duct 6. In Figure l'it will be seen that the cutting edges9, II], II, and I2 are" arranged in tangentially-oifset parallel cuttersor cutting edges 9|I and 'I0l2, which are in advance of the rehiainderof the bit, and these sharp edges, by
faces l5 of the cutters. These notches also provide clearance for thesharpening operations of the cutters, and the bevel faces l5 are grounddownby a suitable machine tool, to form the sharp cutting edges. Thusthe length of the straight, flat front faces l3 of the bit-head, and thebevel-edge or face l5, permit of re-sharpening thecutters with facility,and the repeated sharpening operations prolong the life of the culty isusually met in sinking a perfect cylindrical hole.
When the bit, is penetrating a rock having a crevice at the side ofahole, and four cutting edges are employed as in Figure 1, it will beapparent thatthe work is uniformly distributed to three of the cutters,while the four cutter is passing through the crevice, thus equalizingthe impact by distributing the work of three of the cutters to stabilizethe performance of the bit.
In Figures 5 and 6 the bit is designed for use with a single pair oftangentially-ofiset cutting edges or cutters l0 and I2 instead of thetwo pairsused'in' Figure 1, and this type of cutter is adapted for avariety of uses where conditions are met dissimilar to those encounteredby the bit of Figure 1.
Having thus fully described my invention, what I-claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent is:
In a drill bithaving. an enlarged head and a centrallongitudinal waterpassage therein, said bit comprising four cruciform cutters havingrearwardly extending longitudinal notches between adjoining cutters,each cutter having a tangentially arranged cutting edge with its innerend terminating at the water passage, said cutting edges being arrangedin coplanar pairs at opposite sides of the'water passage, rearwardlybeveled end faces on the cutters, said notches each being formed byafiat front face on one cutter and a rearwardly curved face on anadjoining cutter, and said notches diminishing in area from the cuttingedges and each merging at a point in'the periphery of the head.
ISAAC L. EARNHEARTr
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2024-03-22
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1937-07-28
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1939-11-14"
}
|
US-3531689D-A
|
Solid state overcurrent relay
Filed June 10, 1968 Jui@ QOL. GOMA 2 L SUO 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 QOLDMKMQ Nik ' m 'm' Tol?.
ROBERT HORN BRNWELL A\ T'IURNEY Sept. 29, 1970 R HORN SOLIDSTATEOVERCURRENT RELAY 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed June 10, 1968 INVENTOR.
ROBERT HORN ATTORNEY United States Patent Office 3,531,689 SOLID STATEOVERCURRENT RELAY Robert Horn, Richardson, Tex., assignor to ForneyEngineering Company, Dallas, Tex., a corporation of Texas Filed June 10,1968, Ser. No. 735,876 Int. Cl. H0211 3/08; H01h 47/18 U.S. Cl. 317-36 2Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field ofthe invention This invention relates to overcurrent relays and moreparticularly to solid state or static circuits for protecting electricalapparatus and/or transmission lines from damage due to excessivecurrents.
Description of the prior art While it has been proposed in the past touse solid state circuits for overcurrent relays, such proposals haverequired that such circuits be tailored to fit the specificrequirements, such as time/current functions, of each application.Examples are to 'be found in Graham et al. Pat. #3,290,556, dated Dec.6, 1966; and Lipnitz et al. Pat. #3,327,171, dated June 20, 1967. Ineach case there was no provision in a single basic circuit for theselection of any desired one of an infinite number of time/ currentfunction curves, continuously adjustable within certain limits, so thatsuch selection is any desired one of such infinite number thereof. Suchproblem is solved in the present case by a single basic circuit that isof universal application `by virtue of the incorporation therein ofapplicants novel current/time adjustment means in such circuit. A custombuilt circuit having individual components or tap switches to satisfythe specific requirements of each different application is thus avoided.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides a solid stateovercurrent relay for protecting an alternating current circuit which isthe combination comprising a circuit for monitoring the currentamplitude of such alternating current circuit; and a circuit which actsto convert such current amplitude to a voltage proportional thereto.infinitely adjustable means are associated with the current-voltagecircuit for predetermining the minimum voltage value at which the relayis preset to start operating. A detector circuit is also provided thatis responsive to such minimum voltage value. A function generatingcircuit is provided that is responsive to the output of thecurrent-voltage circuit, which operates to generate a selected outputsignal consisting of an infinite number of such functions, comprisingadjustable means for selecting any desired one of such functions.Connected thereto is a timing circuit, the time-operation of which isinitiated by the output of the detector circuit. Such time-operation isa function of the value of the output signal of the function generatingcircuit and a direct function of a preselected time function. Adjustablemeans are associated with the timing circuit for setting the value ofthe time constant; and connected to the later is a circuit the output ofwhich is responsive to the completion Patented Sept. 29, 1970 of suchtime-operation for initiating action to protect such alternating currentcircuit.
The function generating circuit preferably comprises a log functiongenerator responsive to the output of said current-voltage circuit andhaving an output voltage that is the logarithm (log) of such voltage andtherefore the monitored current (I). A multiplying circuit is alsoprovided that is responsive to such log I output for multiplying thevalue of such log I by a factor n to produce an output signal that isproportional to the value of n log I. Adjustable means are associatedwith the multiplying circuit for setting the value of the factor n; aswell as an anti-log function generator responsive to such n log I outputsignal, having an output voltage the value of which is proportional tothe anti-logarithm (anti-log) of the signal, i.e. current (I) to thenthe power (In). The timeoperation is an inverse function of the II1value of the output signal of said anti-log function generator circuit,and a direct function of the time contsant.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrativeof the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The first part of thisdescription will cover the block diagram of FIG. 1. The current (i) ofAC line 10 to be be protected is monitored by a current transformer 12which feeds input stage 13 of the solid state overcurrent relay. Thisinput stage has an adjustment 14 for setting the inverse time trip valueof current (I) of the relay.
The output /I of the input stage 13 goes to level detector circuit 15,and to function generating circuit 16. This functioning generatingcircuit 16 comprises a function generator 26, a multiplier circuit 27,and a function generator 28. Function generator 26 takes the log of (i/I The multiplier circuit 27 is provided with adjustable means 17 forsetting a multiplication factor n, so that the output is n log (i/l).Function generator 28 takes the antilog of its input so that its outputis (z'/I)1. This output is fed into an integrator 18 comprising a timingcircuit, which has adjustable means 19 for setting time constant, K. Theoutput of integrator 19 is held to zero by level detector 15 as long as(/I) is less than 1.
When (i/I) is greater than or equal to 1, the level detector 15energizes the integrator 18 to start integrating. The output of theintegrator goes to level detector circuit 20 and as soon as it reachesreference voltage level C1, level detector 20 initiates an output. Sincethe value of C1 is fixed, the time required for the output of theintegrator 18 to reach this value is a function of its input, (i/l )11,and the setting of the value of time constant K.
In this example, the function being generated is (/l )11, Where n and Iare adjustable. By modifying the function generator blocks, this can bemade any mathematical or arbitrary function desired.
FIG. 2 is a somewhat more detailed circuit diagram. The output currentof current transformer 12 is passed through resistor R1 to develop avoltage proportional to such current. This voltage is then rectified bydiode D1 and filtered by resistor R2 and capacitor C1, and appliedacross potentiometer R4.
The input to the level detector 15 is the voltage V2 which is taken offpotentiometer R4. The level detector circuit 15 includes: thetransistors Q1 and Q2;. the resistors R9, R10 and R11; and the diode D2.The function of this level detector 15 is to start the integrator 18when the value of current reaches the inverse time trip value, i=I.Voltage V2 is also fed to operational amplifier A1, which has a diodewave shaping network WSI as its feedback element. Operational amplifierA1 and its feedback network WS1 take the log of voltage V2 and apply itsacross potentiometer R6.
The output of potentiometer R6, voltage V3, is applied to operationalamplifier A2, which has another diode wave shaping network WS2 as itsinput element. This amplifier A2 takes the anti-log of voltage V3, andhas voltage V4 as its output. Potentiometer R6 has the function of themultiplier 27 in FIG. 1, so that the voltage V3 equals n log V2, andvoltage V4, which is the antilog of V3, is (V2)n wherein n is dependentupon the setting of potentiometer R6.
The level detector circuit includes: transistors Q3 and Q4; resistorsR12, R13, R14, and R15; and diode D3. Voltage V4 is applied tooperational amplifier A3, which is provided with capacitor C2 as itsfeedback element, making it an integrator (timing circuit 18). The timeconstant K of this integrator is adjusted `by varying the value of R8. Arelay K1 is connected in the circuit to prevent the output of theintegrator 18 from changing as long as voltages V2 below, .5 volts, forexample, the trip value. As soon as voltage V2 has reached the tripValue (.5 volts), the relay contact 21 will open. Now integrator 18 canstart to integrate. As soon as the output of amplier A3 reaches a valueof approximately 10 volts, for example, the output of the level detector20 consisting of transistor Q3 and Q4 goes high enough to initiate theprotective action. This results in the tripping of circuit breaker 22,opening the line 10, which prevents any damage to the equipment due toovercurrents.
The invention thus provides an overcurrent relay for protecting ACcircuits, that can be made as a unit for general use. The units can bemanufactured on a production line basis, one unit being like another.Since the basic circuit in each unit contains an ininite number of time/current functions, the one required for each application is obtainedsimply by adjusting the infinitely adjustable means of the circuit sothat the required time/current function is selected to fit exacly therequirements of such application.
A latitude of modification, change and substitution is intended in theforegoing disclosure and in some instances some features of theinvention will be employed without a corresponding use of otherfeatures. Accordingly it is appropriate that the appended claims beconstrued broadly and in a manner consistent with the spirit and scopeof the invention herein.
What is claimed is:
1. A solid state overcurrent relay for protecting an alternating currentcircuit, comprising in combination:
a circuit for monitoring the current amplitude of such alternatingcurrent circuit;
a circuit acting to convert such current amplitude to a voltageproportional thereto;
adjustable means associated with said current-voltage circuit forpredetermining the minimum voltage value at which the relay is preset tostart operating;
a detector circuit responsive to such minimum voltage value;
a function generating circuit responsive to the output of saidcurrent-voltage circuit, which operates to generate a selected outputsignal of an innite number of such functions, comprising iniiinitelyadjustable means for selecting any desired one of such functions;
a timing circuit, the timeoperation of which is initiated by the outputof said detector circuit, such timeoperation being a function of thevalue of the output signal of said function generating circuit and adirect function of a preselected time function;
innitely adjustable means associated with said timing circuit forsetting the value of the time constant; and
a circuit the output of which is responsive to the cornpletion of suchtime-operation for initiating action to protect such alternating currentcircuit.
2. A solid state overcurrent relay as defined by claim 1, in which saidfunction generating circuit comprises:
a log-function generator responsive to the output of saidcurrent-voltage ycircuit and having an output voltage that'is thelogarithm (log) of such voltage and therefore the monitored current (1);
a multiplying circuit responsive to such log I output for multiplyingthe value of such log I by a factor (n) to produce anoutput signal thatis proportional to the value of n log I;.
adjustable means associated with said multiplying circuit for settingthe value of the factor n; and
an anti-log function generator responsive to such n log I output signal,having an output voltage the value of which is proportional to theanti-logarithm (anti-log) of the signal, i.e. current (I) to the nthpower (111); and
the time operation is an inverse function of the In value of the outputsignal of said anti-log function generator and a direct function of thetime constant.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 25,762 4/ 1965 Kotheimer317-36 3,317,791 5/1967 Price et al 317-36 3,444,434 5/ 1969 Zocholl317-36 JAMES D. TRAMMELL, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 317-33, 142
|
2024-03-22
|
1968-06-10
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1970-09-29"
}
|
US-16415617-A
|
Filing device.
. HJC. FOSBERG @I D. H. SIHACHAN.
FILING DEVICE,
APPLICATION FILED APRi 24., 1917.
Patented @lay 14, 19];8.
3 SHEET S-SHEET l.
@u vc mfom 1.C.?OSBERG Q D. H. STRCHAN.
FLING DEVICE. APPLICATION HLED A`PR.24.1917.
H. C. FSBERG 6L D. H. STRACHAN.
FILING DEVICE.
APPLICATION FILED APR,24.1911.
narran sera i .arena C. FGSBERG AND DQUGLS H. STRACHAN, OF JAMESTOWN,NEVI YGEJK, ASSIGN @FIS T0 ART METAL CONSTRUCTON COMPANY, OF J'MESTO'WN,'NEW' YGBK, GR-
PORATON 0F MASSACHUSETTS.
nitrite nnvion.
mecenate Specification of Letters Eatent.
T 0 all whom t may concern:
Be it known that HENRY C; Fossano, a.
citizen oi' the United States, and l, DOUG- Las H. Srnacnan, a subjectof Great Britain, having declared my intention of becoming a UnitedStates citizen, residing at town, in the county of Chautauqua and Stateof New York, have invented new and useful improvements in FilingDevices, of which the following is a specication.
rlhis invention relates to filing devices and is particularly designedfor containing cards or loose leaves. llt is an important object of theinvention to enable the convenient adjustment of the device so that thecontents thereof may be conveniently accessible and readable without.removing individual cards or sheets therefrom.
It is a further object of the invention to provide for the convenientmoving o selected cards into adjusted positions whereu by they may bepartially separated from the remaining cards in order that convenientaccess may be had thereto without going through the entire set of cards.
With these and other objects in view, the present invention consists inthe combination and arrangement of parte, as will be hereinafter morefully described, shown in the drawings, and particularly set forth inthe' appended. claims, it changes in the form, proportion, size andminor details may be made, within the scope n ot' the claims, withoutdeparting from the spirit. or sacrilicing any of the advantages of theinvention.
ln the drawings,
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a filing device embodying the featuresof the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal view onen enlarged scale.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectionalview onthe line 33 ci Fig. 2.
Fig. t is an enlarged fragmentary detail sectional view showing thehinge connection between the base and the bottom of the device. l'
Fig. e is an enlarged detail iragrnentary sectional view showing themanner oi secur- .ing the adjustable card guides.
Fig. is an enlarged detaii fragmentary sectional view showing the mannerof nimmting one of the adiustable car stops.
J amesbeing understood that Y Fig. 'Z is a detail view on a small scaleof the type ot' card for which the present filing device is particularlydesigned.
Fig. 8 is a fragmentary elevation of propping means for the hingedbottom.
Like characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all thedrawings.
The present embodiment of this invention, as shown in the accompanyingdrawings, includes as its main parts a rectangular base A, an adjustablebottom B, a xed or stationthe ary back C and an adjustable follower D.
be seen that the device is It will, therefore,
the bottom B norin the nature of a tray, mally resting fiat on the baseA..l he or loose sheets rest on the bottom and are held tightly betweenthe back C and the adjustable follower D.
Each of the four sides of the base is a channel bar, as will be seen byreference to the various sectional views. At each corner, the base issupported upon a foot, preferably in the fo-rm or" a rubber button lhaving a shank 2 extending upwardly through a suitable opening in thelower iange member o the base. The purpose oii'these feet is to permitof the tray being used upon the top of a desk, table or the like,without scratching the same. Suitable bail or loop-shaped handles 3 areprovided at each end ot the base for convenience in carrying the devicefrom place to place.
he bottom of the tray B is divided transversely into substantiallyduplicate front and back sections, the meeting edges of which are hingedtogether as at 4t by a' hinged connection or joint which may be brokenupwardly, as indicated in Figs, l and 2 of the drawings. Each bottommember section consists of a dat metal. plate having each side edge bentdownwardly and thence across the lower side of thabottom so as to form abead or channel 5, best' illustrated in Fig. 6 of the drawings. Thischanneled or' beaded edge-gives strength and stiiiness to 'igures ofthel cards i The fee
shaped as at 8 so as to permit of the upward.
breaking ofthe joint 4 which connects the 10 bottom sections. rlhe outeror rear end of the rear section of the bottom is hinged, as at.4 to thetop of the rear end of lthe base, so as to permit of the bottom sectionsassum in the position shown in full lines in Fig.
" 1 and in dotted lines in Fig. 2.
In order that the bottom sections or members may be held in the adjustedpositions, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, suitable propping means is provided,such for instance as a 2,0 plurality of abutments, preferably in theform of pins or projections 9, extending outwardly from the sides of thebase at the forvward end thereof, the front bottom section beingprovided at each side with a lug or foot 10 having anotch or seat 11 inits front edge to engage one of the pins or projections 9 and therebyhold the bottom in one or more adjusted p'ositions.
For the support of cards, loose sheets or the like, the rear bottomsection is provided with the upstanding back C, preferably in the formof a metal plate having flanged upright edges 12. This back is securedrigidly in some suitable manner to the top of 'the bottom section, andis also provided at its upper edge with a bifurcation 13 to facilitateaccess to cards or sheets which are of less height than said back.
On the front bottom section is a follower D, preferably in the form of ametal plate, having a bifurcation 14 in the upper end thereof. Thisfollower is capable of adjustable movement toward and from the back@ soas to clamp papers or cards against the back, in the usual manner.
' For the mounting of this follower, each -bottom section or member isprovided with a substantially rectangular depression 15 extending fromfront tomcar of the section,
and .in this depression there is a channelbar 16 having inwardlydirected ianges 17 extending from the sides of the channel and spacedfrom and overhanging the back or bottom of the channel. This channel isheld fixed in place by suitable fastenings, such for instance, as rivets18 extending through the bottom of the depression 15. The two 4channels16, one in the front bottom sec- ,tion and. one in the rear bottomsection, arc
60. open ,at their adjacent ends and come into longitudinal alinement inthe normal flat condition of the bottom so that the follower' may bemoved readily across the joint between the two sections. On the bottomof -A the follower there provided a foot 0r hereinafter appear.
or outer side of the follower D is a suitable f pivoted spring-presseddog 20 disposed so that its bottom edge .may frictionally engage theia-nges 17 of the channel or guideway 16 and thereby hold the followerfixed in any adjusted position.
At each side of and substantially parallel with the guideway 16, thereis a guide 21 extending from front to rear of each bot* tom section ormember. This guide is for the purpose of guiding notched cards, as willThe bottom edge of the follower D is provided at each side of theguideway 16 with a notch 22 to accommodate the guide 21. Outside of theguide 21, the follower is provided with a foot 23 to slidably bear uponthe bottom and hold the follower in an upright position. Asbestindicated in Fig. 8 of the drawings, it will be seen that each guide 21is in the form of an inverted substantially U-shaped channel having itslower edges resting upon 'the bottom plate B. For the purpose ofsecuring each guide to the bottom plate, said guide is provided adjacenteach end with a threaded pin or ystud 24, best shown in Fig. 5, and thisstud or pin extends downwardly through a slot 25 extending transverselythrough the bottom plate. A winged or other nut 26 is provided upon thelower end of the threaded pin which projects beneath the bottom plate,so that by tightening the nut against the underside of the bottomplatefthe pin 24 and the guide 21 may be readily held in place at anyadjustment studs or pins 24 maybe independent of one another, it ispreferred to employ a rod 27 housed within the guide 21 and spot-weldedor otherwise rigidly secured thereto, each end of the rod being bent atsubstantially .right angles thereto and screw-threade so within thelimits of the slotA 25. While the stops, each stop consisting of a rodor bar 28 disposed horizontally above the bottom member and'provided atopposite ends with depending arms 29 which are'provided at their lowerends with inwardly-directed portions 30, each of which passes through anopening 31 in the beaded edge -5 ofthe bottom member and also through ablock 32 rig- .idly secured withinv the bead- 5 by spot-welding or.otherwise. A set-screw 34 pierces the bottom of the channel or bead 5,so that it may be set up tightly against the part 30 tol hold the stopbar/'oi` bracket in any adjusted position within the limits of the parts30.
The present device is primarily designed for containing cards or looseleaves of the type shown in Fig. 7, wherein thereference character 35designates a card or sheet provided at its lower edge with a pluralityof notches 36.
In using the device, the guides 21 are ad justed laterally so as to comeinto alinement with the corresponding notches 36 in a plurality of cards35, such cards, of course, containing data which has been enteredthereon. One of such cards has been indicated in dotted lines at E inFig. 3 of the drawings, wherein it will be seen how certain of thenotches of the card engage the guides 2l so as to hold the cards againstedgewise displacement and also to guide them when they are movedlongitudinally of the device. lVhen the follower D is set up against aplurality of such cards, the latter are clamped tightly between the backC and the follower D lVhenever it is desired to have access to any ofthe cards, the joint et of the bottom is broken upwardly and each of thefeet 10 is engaged with one of the shoulders or projections 9 so as tosupport the bottom in a position such as shown in Fig. l and in dottedlines in Fig. 2 of the drawings. Before bringing the bottom into thisadjusted position, the lfollower D is of course backed away' from thecards to a suitable position upon the front bottom section or member.'When the bottom of the tray has thus been adjusted, the cards on therear bottom section will be tilted backwardly at an angle for convenientinspection. After inspection, the cards may be moved forwardly andplaced against the rear side of the follower D. If it becomesnecessaryito subsequently refer to cards already referred to, such cardsmay be drawn edgewise out of alinement with the rest of the cards untilothers of the notches 36 engage the guides 21, as shown in dot and dashlines at F in Fig. 8. 1n order that a card may be quickly placed in thisposition, the stop brackets 28, at one side of the device, are firstadjusted to such a position that when a card is brought up edgewiseagainst the bracket, certain of the notches of the card will be inalinement with the guides 21. After going through.
all of the cards, it is a very simple and convenient thing to refer backto the selected cards, because such selected cards project laterallyfrom the series of cards. lhen reference to the cards has beencompleted, the tray bottom is returned to its horizontal position uponthe base, and the follower moved forwardly so as to clamp the cardsbetween the stationary back and the follower. .The cards which have beenpulled out against the stops 28 can be returned to their normalpositions or they can remain in 'their adjusted positions withoutinterfer ing with the clamping of the cards between the stationary backand the follower.
1l'avingthus described the invention, what we claim. i
1. A iiling device comprising a bottom divided 'into a pair of sectionshaving' a hinge joint capable of breaking'ilp'wardly, an upright risingfrom each bottom section to support the contents of the filing device innormal and adjusted positions of said bottom, and propping means carriedby the outer free` end portion of one o-f the bottom sections forengagement with the support on Iwhich the filing device rests.
2. A filing device comprising a bottom divided into a pair of sectionshavingv a hinge joint capable of breaking upwardly, an upright risingfrom each bottom section to support the contents of the filing device,and propping means carried by one of the bottom sections.
3. A filing device comprising a bottom divided :into a pair of sectionshaving a hinge joint capable of breaking upwardly, an upright risingfrom each bottom section to support the contents of the filing device, ahinged support forone end of the bottom andpropping means carried by thebottom for engagement with the support on which the filingdevice restsfor maintaining the bottom sections with the hinge joint brokenupwardly. l
4. A ling device comprising a base, a bottom hinged at one end to thebase and divided into a pair 'of sectionsy vhaving a hinge joint capableofpb'reaking upwardly to an adjustable position, and cooperating meansbetween one of'the sections andthe base for maintaining the bottom in anadjusted position with the hinge joint broken upwardly. 'f
5. A. ling device comprising a base, a bottom hinged at one end to thebase and divided into 'a pair of sections having a hinge joint capableof breaking upwardly to an adjust-ed position, a plurality of stopmembers on the base, and a device on one of the bottom sections forselective engagement with the stops to prop the bottom 1n an adjustedposition.
6: A filing device comprising a base, a bottom hinged at one end theretoand divided into a pair of sections having a hinge joint capable ofbreaking upwardly, a series of shoulders projecting laterally outwardfrom opposite sides of the base, and members on one of the bottomsections for selecd tive engagement with the shoulders to prnp thebottom in an adjusted position.
7. A filing device comprising a bottom divided into a pair of lsectionshavin a hinged jointcapable of breakin upwar y, a back rising from oneof said ttom sec- 4 l y i 1,266,444
normal 'positidn of the bottom sections, and` afollower hal'ving aslide'mounted on the guideway.4
8. A filing `device comprising a bottom divided :into apair of sectionshaving a hinge joint cz'lpable of breaking upwardly, a back raising.from one of the bottom sections, a follower carried by the bottom andmovablel toward and away from the back, and card guidfas on each bottomsection, corresponding card guides of the two bottom sections jbeing, inendwise alinement in the normal positin of the bottom sections.
9. A filing, device comprising a bottom dividedlinto ,fa pair ofsections having a hinge joint capable of breaking upwardly,
a back rising from one of the sections, ay
guideway lea ling toward the back, a follower mountel upon the gui eway,and card guides at oppbsite sides of a d substantially parallelwithftheguideway. I;
10. A filing device comprising a bottom, a back, a follower movable tward andaway from the back, and a card. guide, said card guide having adepending screw-threaded projection, the bottom having a slot disposedtransversely of the guide and receiving the threaded projection, and anut o'n the underside of the projection -whereby the guide may beadjusted laterally oli-the,` bottom.
11. A filing device comprising a bottom,
a back rising therefrom, a follower movable toward and away from theback, and a card f guide, said card guide consisting of a channelhavingits edges resting upon the bottom member, a rod secured within "thechannel and having depending screw-threaded terminals, the bottom beingrovided with slots extending transversely o the guide and receiving thefscrewthreaded terminals, and
nuts on the screw-threaded terminals and at l" the underside of thebottom, whereby the guide may be adjusted laterally.
12. A filing device comprising a bottom, a back rising therefrom, afollower movable toward and away from the back, and a card stop carriedby the bottom at one side -v thereof and adjustable transversely .of thedirection of movement of the follower.
13. A filing device comprising a bottom, a back rising therefrom, afollower movable toward and away from the backand an adjustable cardstop consistingV of a rod located at one side of the bottom and eX-tending in the direction of movement of the follower, said rod havingdepending arms provided with lateral projections supported on thebottom, and clamping means engaging said projections to permit endwiseadj ustment thereof.
14:. A ling device comprising a base, a bottom hinged at one end to thebase and divided into a pair of sections having a hinge joint capable ofbreaking upwardly, aback rising from the rear bottom section, alinedguideways on the bottom sections, a follower mounted to travel' on thealined guideways, alined guides carried by the bottom sections atopposite sides of the guideways, a card stop carried by each of thebottom sections at one edge thereof, the base being provided at oppositesides with a series of transverse projections, the front bottomsectionhaving feet for selective engagement with the projections to prothe bottom in an adjusted position wit its hinge joint broken upwardly.
4 HENRY C. FOSBERG.
STRACHAN. In presence of-fl A. Tnrnomsfr,
RICHARD D. COLLINS.
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2024-03-22
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1917-04-24
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1918-05-14"
}
|
US-228661D-A
|
Strainer for privy-wells
. (Hommel.)
B. MENSCH. 'Strainer for Privy Wells.
No. 228,661. Patented Jun 8,1880.
/VXW/f l @.QUQM JM- 1 ijf UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ARSHEBA MENSCH, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
STRAINER FOR PRIVY-WELLS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 228,661, dated June 8,1880.
Application mea Aprnaieso. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, BAESHEEAL MENsoH, a citizen of the United States,residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement inStrainers for Privy-Wells, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to an improvement in screens for application to themouths of drainpipes of privy-wells, the object of my inven tion being'to construct the screen and to adapt it to the mouth of the drain-pipe,so that it canbe readily applied and removed, and so that the liabilityof the screen to become clogged will be materially reduced, and in theevent of eloggin g the screen can be readily cleansed. This objectIattain in the manner hereinafter set forth, reference being had to theaccompanyin g drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a perspective view of myiniproved screen for privy-wells, and Figs. 2 and l 3 sectional views ofwells, showing the manner of applying the screen to the drain-pipes ofthe same.
Privy-wells are usually provided with drainpipes communicating withadjacent sewers, for the purpose of preventing the overflow of the well,as in Fig. 2, or for draining the well entirely, as in Fig. 3. Thesedrains are liable to become choked by foreign matters thrown into thewell through ignorance or with mischievous intent, thereby necessitatingthe tearing up of the pipe in order to cleanse the same.
Attempts have been made to overcome this difficulty by flttin g a screeninside the mouth of the pipe; but this also becomes clogged, and, owin gto its in accessibility, it cannot be-cleaned, and therefore proves of"ery little advantage. Screens arranged entirely within a well or basinand inclosing the mouth ofthe pipe have also been used; but such screenshave been secured to the bottom and sides of the well or basin, and haveconsequently been difficult of application and removal.
These robjections I overcome by making the screen as shown in thedrawing, on reference to which it will be observed that the lower partof the screen A is made in the form of a bulb having in one side anopening, this opening being adapted for the reception of the end of thedrain-pipe B, as shown in Fig. 2, or the opening being surrounded by -afiange adapted to fit into the mouth of the pipe B, as shown in Fig. 3,so that the lower end of the screen is retained in position by the'mouth of the pipe.
The screen tapers from the bottom to the top, and is of such a lengththat the upper end of the screen is at or near the top of the well, sothat the screen is readily accessible for the purpose of cleansing ifits surface should chance to become clogged.
This screen can be readily applied to privywells, and can be as readilyremoved therefrom, the cleaning of the Well in order to permit theattachment or removal of the screen being unnecessary.
I do not desire to claim broadly the combination of a screen with thedrain-pipe of a privy-well, but
I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Paten t Thecombination of the drain-pipe B of a privy-well with a screen, A,located within the well, the upper end of said screen extending to, oralmost to, the top of the well, and the lower end of the screen beingtted to and retained in position by the mouth of the drainpipe, as setforth.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.
J AnEs F. ToErN, HARRY SMITH.
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2024-03-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1880-06-08"
}
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US-3477167D-A
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Figure shaped blocks with integral connectors
Nov. 11, 1969 r R, ACH 3,477,167
FIGURE SHAPED BLOCKS WITH INTEGRAL CONNECTORS Filed April 21, 1957 I 2Sheets-Sheet 1 1 v F/GQZ.
1 N VE 1V TUB REV 40/ amma/ 74 7;
Af/anre 11s R. ACH
Nov. 11, 1969 FIGURE SHAPED BLOCKS WITH INTEGRAL CONNECTORS 2Sheets-Sheet a I Filed April 21, 1967 v INVENTOR. RENE Acn FIG] BY Z/United States Patent 3,477,167 FIGURE SHAPED BLOCKS WITH INTEGRALCONNECTQRS- Rene Ach, 47 Ave. des Gobelins, Paris, France Filed Apr. 21,1,967, Ser. No. 632,809 Claims priority, applicgiggfrance, May 25, 1966,
Int. Cl. Mai. 33/08, 3/16 US. CI. 46-22 3 Claims ABSTRACT OF THEDISCLOSURE This invention relates to constructional blocks for use astoys, playthings or for training, educational or like purposes.
Building blocks of rectangular and like shape which interlock with oneanother in various ways by means of cylindrical and like projectionswhich enter tubular holes are well known.
An object of the present invention is to provide a constructional blockor set of blocks of rather more interesting formation.
According to the present invention I provide aconstructional blockshaped like an animal with arms, legs, a body and a head, theproportions and shape of the block being such that the arms and the legsof a first block will embrace and it the head and body of a second blockof similar construction. The animal may be a human figure or may bejadomestic, farm or wild animal in which case the animal block instead ofhaving 2 arms and 2 legs will have 4 legs or the animal may be a bird inwhich case he will have two legs and two wings.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood and readilycarried into effect reference is now di rected to the accompanyingdrawings given by way of example and in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a human figure block constructed inaccordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a front elevation.
FIG. 3 is a top plan.
FIG. 4 is an underneath plan.
FIG. 5 1s a side view of a grouping of the blocks.
FIG. 6 is a side view of a further grouping of the blocks. v
FIG. 7 is a side view of a still further grouping of the blocks.
FIG. 8 is a side sectional view of one of the blocks.
One embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of exampleparticularly with FIGURES 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings. In thedrawings the block is in the shape of a human figure 1 having aspherical head 2, a cylindrical body 3, one pair of adjacent limbs inthe form of arms 4 outstretched and concave towards the inside, andanother pair of adjacent limbs in the form of legs 5 also concavetowards the inside. The radius of the cylindrical body and sphericalhead are substantially equal to the radii of the concavity of the armsand legs. The arms 4 and legs 5 are both therefore proportioned andshaped to embrace the head 2 or the body 3 of another similar block 1.Taking two blocks 1, by way of example,
. 3,477,167 Patented Nov. 11, 1969 assembly may be effected by makingthe arms 4 of the first block embrace the body 3 or head 2 of the secondblock or by making the legs 5 of the first block embrace the body 3 orhead 2 of the second block, one block being thus supported in cantileverrelation to the other.
The inside surfaces of the arms 5 and legs 4 are prefe'rably shaped notonly to receive the head 2 or body 3 of another block but also to gripor support such block. As an example the inside of the arms 4 maybeinclined inwardly from top to bottom so that the head 2 of another block(disposed upside down) may be held in position. FIGURES 5, 6 and 7illustrate some of the ways in which a set of blocks can be assembled toform an interengaging group of blocks.
The blocks 1 may be oflered for sale in sets of any desired number ofblocks, e.g. 5, and the blocks 1 in a set may all represent the sameanimal figure or may represent different ones. The blocks 1 may be ofany convenient size and shape so long as they can be assembled accordingto the invention and may be made of any suitable material e.g. wood or asuitable plastics material.
The animal blocks may be made in any convenient way for example bymoulding as a whole or in parts, and FIGURE 8 shows one method ofassembling the block and illustrates a convenient way in which the blockmay be accurately formed in several difierent parts. As illustrated inFIG. 8, the head 2 may be formed of two parts, a top part 2a and a lowerpart 2b which fit together and the body 3 may be in two parts with anupper part 311 moulded with a projecting prong 30 at the top of the neckto pass through the lower part 2b of the head 2 to support it and to fitinto a recess 20 on the inside of the top part 2a of the head 2 as asnap fit. In this way, as illustrated, the upper part 3a of the body 3including the arms may be assembled with the neck and head. The lowerpart 3b of the body 3 may screw or slide on to the upper part 3a and thelegs 5, as one piece, may fit onto the lower part 3b of the body 3 byprojections 5a being snapped into recesses. The shaping of the arms 4and legs 5 to embrace and hold the body 3 or head 2 of an adjacent blockis also illustrated in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7.
It will be understood therefore that the underlying idea of theinvention is to provide a set of little figures shaped so that certainparts of one figure can engage and fit between the limbs of anotherfigure. The arms are disposed in the horizontal plan and the legs in thevertical plan and the figures are preferably made from a slightlyflexible or resilient material to give the necessary flexibility toenable them to be joined together.
I claim:
1. A constructional block shaped like an animal with two pairs ofadjacent limbs, a body and a head, said block including connecting meansfor mutually joining a plurality of said blocks, said connecting meanscomprising the proportions and shape of said limbs, head and body, saidproportions and shape being such that either of the pairs of adjacentlimbs of a first block will embrace and fit the head and body of asecond block to sustain the first mentioned block in cantileveredrelation to said second block.
2. A block according to claim 1 wherein the block is shaped like a humanfigure with one of said adjacent pair of limbs being positioned withrespect to said body so as to represent arms, and the other of said pairof limbs being positioned with respect to said body to represent legs. I
3. A constructional block according to claim 1 in which said head has agenerally spherical configuration and said body a cylindricalconfiguration with the radius of said spherical head and the radius ofsaid cylindrical body being substantially equal, both of said pairs ofadjacent limbs being outstretched and concave toward the inside, the
3 radius of the concavity of said pairs of adjacent limbs beingsubstantially equal to the said radii of the spherical head andcylindrical body, whereby either of said pairs of adjacent limbs mayembrace and fit the head or the body of another block.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 4 2,752,726 7/ 1956 Calverly46-22 2,786,301 3/1957 Torricelli 46-25 FOREIGN PATENTS 625,076 6/ 1949Great Britain. 1,112,903 11/1955 France.
F. BARRY SHAY, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
2,691,243 10/1954 Rade 46--25X 46-25
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2024-03-22
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1967-04-21
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1969-11-11"
}
|
US-20460551-A
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Radiant floor heating panel
M n -tr June 22 1954 RAPP 2,681,796
RADIANT FLOOR HEATING PANEL Filed Jan. 5, 1951 g Q I [Hr/E 171. 7.2
Geoz gefl B02010 Patented June 22, 1954 UNITE D STATES PATENT OFFICERADIANT FLOOR HEATING PANEL George M. Rapp, Hamden, Conn., assignor to.Houdaille Hershey Corporation, Detroit, Mich.,
a corporation of .Michigan Application January 5, 1951, Serial No.204,605
1 Claim.
This inventionrelates to a radiant floor heating panel and moreparticularly to a radiant fioor heating panel in the form of a plate andtubetype heat exchanger incorporated in a floor structure to-define asub-floor surface.
Radiant floor heating for residential and similar structures has'beenproposed in the prior art. Such heating is provided by iluidconduitsembedded in a concrete or similar floor structure. Generally, sinuousmetallic or ceramic conduits are utilized for the conveying of a heatexchange fluid, usually Water or air, in heat transfer relation with thefloor.
These prior art structures have been disadvantageous in thatextensivesite-labor is necessary to "custom fit each installation to thestructure, resulting in relatively-high installation cost. Further, aslow heating response is obtained due to the actual embedding of theconduits within the floor structure with the resultant'heating timelagcausing poor control of interiortemperatures In addition to thesedisadvantages, the finished radiant'floor heating structure typicallyprovides a relatively uneven surface whichrequires special leveling inpreparation for the application of conventional floor coverings, such aslinoleum, asphalt, tile, or thelike.
The present invention provides an improved radiant floor heating panelwhich utilizes plate and tube-type heat exchangers with the backingplates of the exchangers being superimposed upon theconcrete or similarfloor structure to provide top surface whichis actually composed of theheat exchanger heat radiating surface. The tubes of the heat exchangerare secured to the backing plate by deformation of the plate to providegrooves within whichthe tubes are bottomed, with the plate beingdeformed about the tubes into greater than semi-peripheral contacttherewith to insure effective heat transfer from the tube to the plateand also to provide a substantially levelupper plate surface. changersare provided in standardized, prefabricated form so that they may beeasily installed by merely coupling a plurality of standardized unitstogether.
It will thus be seen that the present invention constitutes animprovement 'over the prior art radiant floor heating panel in that theuse of standardized, pie-fabricated units provides a flexible, easilyinstalled, readily erected heating system. "The heat exchangers areinstalled on the surface of the sub-floor structure so that useful heatoutput is increased, 'heat losses to the ground are decreased, and the'time la'g re- The heat exsponse to temperature demand is improved andthe heat exchangers simultaneously provide not only the heating systembut also a level ba'se surface for a superimposed floor covering.
It is, therefore, an important object of the present invention toprovide a radiant floor heating panel composed of a plurality ofstandardized plate and tube-type units carried by a floor'basestructure.
Another important object of the present invention is to provide aradiant fioor heating panel including a sub-floor structure and a plateand tube-type heat exchanger superimposed on the floor structure, withthe heat exchanger backing plate forming an upper floor surface.
A further important object of the present invention is to provide afloor heating panel including a solidified fioor base structure and atube and plate-type heat exchanger superimposed on said base structureand partially embedded therein with the heat exchanger backing plateforming a level floor surface overlying the base structure.
Yet another important object of the present invention is to provide aradiant floor heating panel comprising a concrete floor base, a groovedheat exchanger backing plate superimposed on said base to form a levelupper surface therefor with the plate grooves being embedded in saidbase structure, and a sinuous heat exchanger tube bottomed in thegrooves for circulating a heat exchange fluid in effective heat exchangerelation with the plate.
Other and further important objects of this invention will be apparentfrom the disclosures in the specification and the accompanying drawings.
On the drawings:
Figure 1 is a plan view, partly in section, illustrating a radiant floorheating panel of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a greatly enlarged view similar to Figure 1; and
Figure 3 is a greatly enlarged sectional view taken along the planeIII-III of Figure 1.
As shown on the drawings:
In Figure 1, the reference numeral it! refers to a building, such as adwelling or the like, having upstanding side walls ll formed of suitablematerial, such as poured concrete or thelike. The building I!) isprovided witha concrete floor slab (Figure 3) preferably poured in twocourses, including a base course I2 and a superimposed fine course IS.The base course may desirably be about fourinches thick and formed ofordithree inches thick and is cast directly upon the base course, and itwill be appreciated that other light-weight aggregates, such as Perliteor the like, may also be utilized in the finish course.
The finish course is preferably laid out in panels which are defined bywooden screed boards [4 which are set on end and retained in uprightposition by the subsequently solidified finish course l3. It will benoted that the upper level of the finish course l3 corresponds in heightto the height of the screed boards It, so that a substantially constantlevel sub-fioor surface is provided.
The radiant heating panel of the present invention is defined by aplurality of tube and plate-type heat exchangers which are positionedupon and extend transversely between the screed boards 14. Moreparticularly, it will be seen in Figure 1 that a plurality oflongitudinally extending screed boards l4 are provided for transversealignment, the screed boards being longitudinally aligned in pairs so asto leave a central transverse space therebetween. This space is definedby form boards it which contact corresponding ends of each set of screedboards, so that the foundation of the building I l is divided in twolongitudinally spaced sets of panels divided by the space [5 whichdefines a pipe chase.
Plate and tube-type exchangers are positioned within each panel definedby the sets of screed boards and the associated form boards IS. Theheat'exchangers H are best illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 and consist ofa backing plate l8 having grooves l9 formed therein to extend inparallel spaced relation across the width of each plate. The plate [8 isdeformed, as at 20, in the upper portions of each of the grooves It tooverlie an intermediate diameter of a tube 2i associated with the plateand bottomed in the grooves IS. The tube 2| has straight portions lyingwithin the grooves l9 and curved joining portions 2m projecting beyondthe plate to joint adjacent straight portions, thereby defining acontinuous sinuous tube length. It will thus be seen that the deformedportions 2b of the plate [9 overlie the tubes so as to securely clampthe tubes to the plate in intimate, elongated surface contact and ineffective heat transfer relation. The groove deformed portions defineundercuts 2| which extend along the entire length of each straight tubelength, while the upper surface of the plate 18 is substantially plainwith the exception of the space between the plate deformed portions 20directly overlying the tube.
Informing the radiant heating panel of the present invention, the plateE8 of each exchanger I7 is positioned to overlie the sub-floor structurewith its lateral margins bearing upon adjacent screed boards M tosupport the plate along the length. It will be seen that the grooves l9and tubes 2| carried thereby project downwardly into upper course I3 ofthe sub-floor and the heat exchangers are so positioned while the uppercourse is still fluid, or at least capable of flowing. Following thepositioning of the heat exchanger IT, as hereinbefore described, theheat exchangers are lightly tamped and pressed to form a level surfacewith the plate grooves and tubes becoming embedded within the upperregions of the upper course [3. The fluid material of the upper coursewill enter the undercut area 22 so that, when the whole assembly ispermitted to stand until the concrete is hard, the heat exchanger willbefirmly bonded in the position illustrated in Figure 3.
To complete the assembly of the radiant heating panel, adjacent heatexchange panels are joined by suitable piping as particularlyillustrated in Figure 2, wherein it will be seen that the straightterminal ends 2lb of adjacent heat exchangers I1 are joined by means ofelbows 24 and transverse joining piping 25. The straight ends 2lb of thetubes 2| project outwardly to overlie the form boards [6, oralternatively, the form boards It may be recessed to accommodate thetubing ends. Inasmuch as a complete panel is provided on each side ofthe pipe chase IS, a header pipe 26 connected to a source of heatedfluid, such as a steam boiler, or the like, is connected to lead piping25a for each panel through suitable plumbing which need not be describedin detail. A return line 21 to the source of heated fluid is connectedwith the outlet ends 28 of the heat exchangers in each' panel, so thatre-, turn flow of heat exchange fluid to the primary heat exchanger maybe accomplished. Preferably, the point where the terminal ends 28 jointhe return line 2'! is the low point of the installation, so that atleast some measure of gravity flow of heat exchange fluid is obtained.
It will be seen that the present invention thus provides an improvedradiant fioor heating panel having the advantages hereinbefore setforth. First, the heating panel is composed of standardized,pre-fabricated elements which are capable of fiexible utilization andcheap installation. Secondly, the heat exchangers are installed upon thesurface of the sub-floor or concrete slab rather than being completelyembedded in or buried under the slab so as to increase the useful heatoutput, to decrease reverse heat losses to the ground, and to reduce thetime lag response to temperature demands of the building. Thirdly, theheat exchanger not only provides a heat exchange surface overlying thesub-floor. but also actually provides the finished sub-floor surface towhich suitable floor covering, such as linoleum, asphalt tile, or thelike, may be directly applied. In addition, the heat exchanger plate Itprovides an extended radiation surface which underlies the completefloor covering area, giving an even heat without temperature variationto any material extent across the complete'dimensions of the panel. Theresulting even temperatures, which may be obtained, the improved heatoutput, and quick response to heating demands will be readilyappreciated by those skilled in the art. 7 7
It will be understood that modifications and. variations may be effectedwithout departing from the scope of the novel concepts of the presentinvention. a
I claim as my invention:
A radiant floor heating structure comprising a two-course concrete floorslab including a base course of coarse aggregate and a finish course ofa light-weight aggregate concrete, a plurality of rectilinearly arrangedpartition members defining generally rectangular fioor sections embeddedin said top course, plate and tube type heat exchangers each including abacking plate having plane edge portions in contact with and supportedby said partition members and extending in flush surface relationshipwith the adjacent heat exchangers to provide a level upper surface forsaid floor structure, said backing plates having spaced, parallelgrooves formed therein, and heat exchanger tubing seated in said groovesand adapted for the flow of heat exchange fluid therethrough, the Wallsdefining said plate grooves overlying the tubing disposed therein toengage more than a semi-periphery of said tubing and to providere-entrant groove portions on the under surface of said plate into whichthe material of said upper course extends to anchor said heat exchangersthereto.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 1,746,231 Barker Feb. 11, 1930 1,800,150 Musgrave et a1 Apr.7, 1931 10 2,281,299 Steenstrup Apr. 28, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS NumberCountry Date 274,664 Great Britain July 28, 1927 321,450 Great BritainNov. 11, 1929
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2024-03-22
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1951-01-05
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1954-06-22"
}
|
US-19480538-A
|
Profiler control for die sinking machines
1941-. R. s. ELBERTY, JR 2,263,764
PROFILER CONTROL FOR -DIE SINKING MACHINES Filed March 9, 1938 2 5 5 1INVENTOR Faber! ,iEZb y Jr:
wmizssgs:
Patented Nov. 25,1941
" PROFILEB CONTROL FOB DIE SINKIN MACHINES Robert S. Elberty, In,Waynesboro,'1'a., assignor to Westinghouse Electric &' ManufacturingCompany, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation oi Pennsylvania ApplicationMarch 9, 1938, No. 194,805
Claims. (01. 90-135) My invention relates, generally, to metal workingtools and, more particularly, to a profile! control for die sinkingmachines.
In 'the usual operation of a die sinking machine, the cutting tool movesalternately in a horizontal and a vertical direction, the extent of eachmovement depending upon thedegree of slope of the guide pattern whichcooperates with a tracing mechanism to govern-the reed movement of thecutting tool. It is apparent that each cut taken by av tool socontrolled will be made up of a series of ridges and the ridges willhave to be very small to result in a suriace even approximating a smoothfinished surface.
The object of my invention is to provide a control for a profiler i'ora-die'sinking machine which shall function to increase the cutting speedand, therefore, the production of the machine, and improve the qualityof the surface produced by the machine.
Another object of the invention is to provide a control for a diesinking machine proiller which shall. function to cause the cutting toolto move in the direction of the contour of the guide pattern instead ofin a series or horizontal and vertical movements which are thehorizontal and vertical components of the contour of the guide pattern.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparentfrom the following detailed description taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, in, which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustrationof a die sinking machine with the profiler control of the preferredembodiment of my invention'applied thereto;
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of a modification of the circuitcontrol means conthe slope oi. the guide pattern engaged by the tracingmechanism, governs the speed relations of two motors which drive sungears of two differential mechanisms whose other sun. gears arecontinuously driven at a constant speed. The
differential speed produced in one of these diiferential mechanismsgoverns the horizontal movement of the profiling tool and tracingmechanism and the differential speed oi theother differential mechanismgoverns the vertical movement thereof. Since these horizontal andvertical movements are applied simultaneously to the profiler, thedirection of movement of the profiler will be the resultant of thehorizontal and vertical speeds and will depend upon the relative valuesof these speeds. Provision is also made for manually setting theprofiler for each cut and for reversing the direction of out after eachout has been made.
Referring now to the drawings, the base plate '2 of the die sinkingmachine is provided with guides 4 which cooperate with guideways in amovable plate 8 having an upstanding bracket member 8. The bracketmember 8 is provided with guides Ill which cooperate with slideways in aplate member l2 to permit vertical sliding movement of plate member H'on bracketmemher 8. Plate member I2 is provided with guides l4 whichcooperate with slideways in plate memher It to permit horizontal slidingmovement of plate member It on plate member l2.
A continuously driven motor l8 driving the profiling tool, or cuttingtool, 20 is mounted upon trolled by the tracer for governing thedirection of rotation of the rheostat motor in which dynamic braking isemployed to cause the rheostat motor to stop quickly at itsv adjustedposition; and,
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relations of the speeds of the constantspeed differential motor and the horizontal and vertical controldifferential motorsat the diflerent angles of slope of the guide pattem.
In carrying out my invention, I provide a continuously'acting profilingtool mounted for horimotors 30 and 46 is transmitted through the zontaland vertical movement and provide a 1 tracing mechanism mounted formovement with the profiling tool to cooperate with a guide pat-' tern.The contact relation of the tracing mechanism with the guide pattern,depending upon 55 and extends through a worm 52 which has an the plateIt. A workpiece 22 is mounted upon a stationary upright bracket 24 in aposition to be worked upon by the profiling tool 20, A guide pattern 26is also mounted upon the bracket 24 and a tracing mechanism 28 ismounted upon plate lt'for cooperation with the guide pattern Acontinuously driven motor 30 is provided for actuating the sun gears 32and 34 of diil'erential mechanisms 38 and 38, respectively. The othersun gears 40 and 42 of difierential mechanisms 36 and 38 are driven bymotors 44 and 45, respectively. The differential movement betweenditl'erential mechanism 38 to the shaft 48 which has screw engagementwith the plate I2 to provide vertical movement of the plate I2 on thebracket 8. Y motors and 44 is transmitted through the difierentialmechanism 36 to a shaft 50 which may be substantially polygonal in crosssection The diiIerential movement between internal cross section whichwill permit longitudinal sliding movement of worm 52 on shaft 56 andwill also permit shaft 56 to rotate worm 52. Endwise movement of worm 52is prevented by brackets 54 which are secured to the plate I2.
I Block member 56 is mounted upon plate I2 and supports a worm gear 58in cooperative relation with the worm 52. A screw member 66 is securedto horizontally movable plate I6 and cooperates with internal threads onthe worm gear 58 so as to cause horizontal movement of the plate I6 whenmotion is transmitted from the difierential mechanism 36 through shaft56, worm 52 and worm gear 58. Thus it is seen that the differentialmovement between motors 36 and produce horizontal movement of thecutting tool 26 and the tracer mechanism 28, and that the differentialmovement between motor 36 and motor 46 causes vertical movement of thecutting tool 26 and the tracing mechanism 28.
The motor 44 has connected in its field circuit a rheostat 62 which hassuch a range of resistance that when the rheostat is varied from oneextreme of its range to another, the motor 44 will be caused to vary itsspeed from a maximum speed above the speed of the motor 36 to a minimumspeed below the speed of the motor 36; the differentiation between thespeed of the motor 36 and the maximum and minimum speeds of motor 44being substantially equal.
Thus it will be seen that the differential between thespeeds of themotors 36 and 44, as
the speed or motor 44 is varied between its extreme maximum and minimumlimits, will produce a horizontal movement of the cutting tool 26 andthe tracer 28 from a maximum speed of movement in one direction to amaximum speed of movement in the opposite direction.
A rheostat 64 comprising circular resistance elements 66 and 68 isprovided, the resistance elements 66 and 68 being selectivelyconnectable in circuit with the field circuit of the motor 46. Thedesign of the rheostats 62 and 64 may be such as to produce any desiredrelation between the resistances of the two rheostats at any position ofthe contact arms of the rheostats. The
relation of the contact arm 16 with the resistance element 66 is suchthat as the contact arm 16 moves clockwise through an arc of 180, theresistance in the field'of motor 46 will be varied from a mediumresistance which is the resistance required to produce a speed of motor46 equal to the speed of motor 44 through a minimum resistance whichwill cause the s eed of motor 46 to be less than that of motor 36 by anamount substantially equal to the difierence between the maximum speedof motor 44 and the speed of motor 36, and to then increase to a mediumresistance such as will increase the speed .of motor 46 to a speed equalto the speed of motor 36.
The resistance element 68 is connected opposite to that of resistanceelement 66 so that within the 180 range of movement of the contact armI6, the resistance of resistance element 68 will vary from a mediumresistance, which will produce a speed of motor 46 equal to the speed ofmotor 96, through a maximum resistance which will cause the speed ofmotor 46 to be greater than the speed of motor 36 by an amountsubstantially equal to the difference between the maximum speed of motor46 and the speed of motor 36, and then to the medium resistance whichwill again decrease the speed of motor 46 to make it equal to the speedof motor 36. The contact arm 16 oi. rheostat 64 and the contact arm 72of rheostat 62 are connected to be actuated by common shaft 14 throughan arc of which is the extreme range of movement of the contact arms toproduce a desired extreme range of variation of the rheostatresistances. Thus it will be seen that the relative speeds of the motors44 and 46 are simultaneously varied by the rotation of the shaft I4 andby the rotation of this shaft 14 the horizontal and vertical componentsof the movement of the cuttingtool 26 and the tracing mechanism 28 maybe varied.
The shaft I4 is connected to reversible motor I6 which drives the shaftin a forward or reverse direction, depending upon which of its fleldcoils I8 and 86 is energized. The selection of the energization of fieldcoils I8 and 86 of motor I6 and, therefore, the direction of rotation ofmotor I6 is accomplished by means of the switch mechanism 82, which iscontrolled. by the tracing mechanism 28. The rod of the tracingmechanism 28 extends slidably through the ball and socket joint 84 andis biased to the position in which it is shown in Fig. 1 by a springmember 86. In this position it will be seen that contact elements 88 and96 are bridged by the movable contact element 92. The movable contactelement 94 is disposed to bridge contact elements 66 and 96 or contactelements I66 and I62 when the arm of the tracer mechanism is deflectedlaterally. It will be further seen that longitudinal deflection of thearm of the tracer mechanism 28 will cause contact element 92 todisengage contact elements 88 and 96 and if this longitudinal deflectionis suflicient the contact elements 96 and I66 will be engaged thereby.
A circuit from the supply conductor X to conductor I 66 comprisingconductor I66, conductor H8, contact element 96, movable contact element92 and contact element 88 is completed when the movable contact element92 is in engagement with contact elements 88 and 96. When the movablecontact element 94 is in engagement with contact elements I66 and I62, acircuit is established between supply conductor X and conductor III)comprising conductor I68, conductor 8 I2. contact element I62, movablecontact element 96 and contact element I 66. When contact element 94 isin engagement with contact elements 96 and 98, a circuit is completedbetween conductor H6 and supply conductor X.
comprising conductor I68, conductor H4, contact element 96, movablecontact element 94, contact element 98 and conductor HE. A circuit iscompleted between conductor I I6 and supply conductor X when the movablecontact element 92 is in contact relation with contact elements 96 andI66 comprising conductor I68, conductor H4, contact element 96, contactelement 92 and contact element I66.
Conductors I66 and H6 are connected to the reversing switch I64 which,in turn, is connected to the field coils I8 and 86 of the motor 76, and"the motor I6 is energized to run in one direction or the other dependingupon which of the conductors I 66 and H6 are connected by the switchingdevice 82 to the supply conductor X and depending upon the position ofthe reversing switch I64. The reversing switch I 64 is selectivelyactuated by relays I 26 and I22 which, in turn, are selectivelyenergized by the directional switch device I24 which is actuated by theadjustable lugs I26 and I36 mounted on the vertically slidable plate I2toreverse the direction of the vertical movement of plate I2 when theplate has reached either of its predetermined limits or verticalmovement. Relays I29 and I22 also govern he position of contact elementsI32 and I84 to se ect the resistance elements 88 and 68, respectively,of the rheostat 94. A manual control means,- of whichooperating knob I36is a part, is provided for positioning the plate 8 on the base plate 2in a direction normal to the plane of movement of the cuttingtool 29 bythe automatic mechanism after each cut is completed by the tool 29. Anysuitable mecha piece 22, respectively, and that the cutting tool hasprogressed from the lower edge of the work piece 22 to the positionshown cutting the contour in the work piece 22 corresponding'to thecontour oi the pattern 26 traversed by the tracing mechanism 28. At thetime that the machine was deenergized it will be seen that hori-' zontalmotion only was being transmitted to the cutting tool 29 since the slopeof the guide pattern where it is engaged by the tracing device 28 hasonly a horizontal component and since the contact arm'12 of the rheostat92 has been moved to the extreme position on the rheostat representingthe minimum resistance in the fieldcircuit of the horizontal motioncontrol motor 44. The vertical motion of the plate I8 was upward as'seen by the position of the selector switch I24 and the relay I29 beingenergized, contact element I82 was in closed circuit position andresistance element 88 was connectedin circuit with the field coil ofvertical movement control motor 48. At this time the contact arm 19 ofrheostat 64 was in a position which would cause motor 48 to run at aspeed equal to the speed of motor 88, thus giving no vertical componentoi! movement.
The conditions obtaining at this time are represented by the point A onthe curve for the forward motion of vertical motion control motor 48 andthe curve of motor 89 and the point A on the curve of horizontal motor44 in the graph of Fig. 3.
It now the contact element I88 is moved to the closed circuit position,motors I8, 89, 44, 48 and 18 will be energized, relay I28 will beenergized to close its contact element I82 and its part of the reversingswitch I94 to properly select the v 3 tact element 92 out of engagementwith contact element "and the movable contact element 94 into'engagementwith contact elements 96 and 98. The circuit of, the field coil I8 ofmotor l8 v having been broken by the movement of contact element 92 outof engagement with contact element 88, the field of the motor 16 will nolonger be energized in such a directionas to cause it to tend to movethe contact arms 19 and 12 of the rheostats 84 and 62 in thecounter-clockwise direction. The contact element 94, however, havingcompleted the'circuit through conductor II. to the field coil 89 ofmotor 16 by engaging the contact elements 98 and 98 will energize thefield coil 89 of motor I6 and will cause the motor to run in such adirection as to move the contact arms I9 and 12 in the clockwisedirection. The v movement of the contact arms I9 and 12 of the rheostats94 and 82 will so alter the field currents of the motors46 and 44 as tochange their relative speeds and thus decrease the rate of horizontalfeed of the cutting tool 29 and thetracing mechanism 28 and increase theupward vertical feed of these elementsa The motor I8- will operate tochange the resistance of rheostats 64 and 82 until its circuit is openedby-the movement of contact element 9.4 out of engagement with contactelements 98 and 98 and this condition will obtain only whenthe.resultant of the components of horizontal and vertical movementimparted to the cutting tool 29 and the tracing mechanism 28 through thedifferential mechanisms has a direction which isthe. same as thedirection of slope at the point B on the guide pattern 26. e As anotherexample of the operation of the device, it may be assumed that theengagement-oi the tracing device 28 at the point C on the pattern hasmoved the tracing device 28 longitudinally to cause the contact element92 to bridge the contact elements 98 and I99. This will energize themotor 18 and will cause it to move the contact arms 19 and -12 clockwiseuntil the-contact arm 12 has moved clockwise through an arc, of 90 andthe contact arm 19 has moved clockwise through an arc of 90?. At thistime the re.- sistancein the field circuit or motor 44 and the speed ofthe motor 44 will correspond to the point D' on the horizontal motorcurve in the graph of Fig. 3 and the resistance in the fleld circuit ofmotor 48 and the speed of motor 48 will have direction-of operation ofthe motor 18 and to select the resistance element 88 for operation inthe fleld'circuit of the motor 48. The motor I8, however, though itsfield circuit is closed by the movable contact element 92 of controlswitch 82, will not be able to rotate since the stop member I48 will beengaged by thecontact arm 12 of rheostat 82 and will prevent therheostat arm 12* from moving further in the direction of decreasingresistance of the rheostat 82. Thus the cutting tool 29 and the tracingmechanism 28 will that the cutting tool 29 and the tracing device 28will have only upward vertical motion at this. time since the speed ofthe horizontal motion control motor 44 is equal to that of the motor 89and the speed of the vertical motion'control motor 48 is a maximumamount above the speed of motor 89. When this condition has beenestablished, the contact engagement of the tracing.
element 28' with the guide pattern 28 will be such as to hold thecontact element 82 between the pairs of contact elements 88 and 99, and88 and Ill, and the contact element 84 in thepode tionshown in Fig. '1.Motor 18 will then cease to rotate and the vertical motion will beimparted to the tracing mechanisxn'2'8 and the cutting tool continue inhorizontal movement to the left until the change in slope of the contourof the guide pattern 28 at approximately the point B deflects thetracing mechanism to move the movable con- "(8 29 until another changein-the slope of the guide pattern 26 so deflects the tracing mechanism28 as to cause it to readjust the relative speeds of the motors 44 and48 to produce the resultant direction of'motion of the cutting. tool 29and the tracing mechanism 28 conforming with the.direction of slope ofthe guide pattern '28.
When the tool has moved vertically a, predetermined amount. the lug I38will engage the switching device I24 to cause it to deenergize relay I26and to energize relay I22, thus selecting the resistance element 66 ofrheostat 64 to be connected in circuit with the field coil of motor 46and reversing the field coils 18 and 60 of motor 16 with respect to thecontrol circuits III6 and III. This will cause the vertical motion ofthe cutting tool 28 to be downward since the speed of the vertical motorand its field resistance will vary according to the reverse curve forthe vertical motor 46 in the graph of Fig. 3. The reversal of theconnections to the field coils 18 and 86 of motor 16 will permit themotor 16 to rotate in the proper directionto vary the resistances ofrheo-' stats 62 and 64- so that the relative speeds of motors 44 and 46may be varied to produce the proper components of vertical andhorizontal,
' shifting of the plate I6 may also be done automatically bymeans-common in this art.
In Fig. 2, I have shownanother embodiment of a control switch to beactuated by the deflection of a tracer mechanism. Referring to Fig. 2,elements 28', 86" and 84 analogous to elements 26,.
86 and 84 have been provided. The tracing element 28' governs theswitching device 82' to control the direction of flow of current fromthe supply conductors X and Y to the rheostat motor 16', which has itsfield coil I44 permanently connected to the supply conductors X and Y.The position of the switch shown in Fig. 2 corresponds Fig. 1 and inthis position a circuit will be completed to cause the motor 16' torotate in one direction. This circuit extends from conductor K throughconductor I46, contact element I48, conductor I50, contact element I52,conductor I54, conductor. I56, the armature of motor 16',
conductor I58, conductor I66, contact element motor 16, conductor I 66,contact element I14, conductor I64 and conductor I86 to the otherconductor Y of the source of supply.
Thus I have provided a control device for the rheostat motor which willselectively control the direction of rotation of the rheostat motor inresponse to the tracing mechanism and will provide dynamic braking forthe rheostat motor when it is deenergized by the control mechanism.
It will be seen that I have provided a control for the profiler orcutting tool of a die sinking machine which will provide simultaneouslycomponents of horizontal and vertical motions of the cutting toolcorresponding to the horizontal and vertical components of the slope ofthe guide pattern at the point where it is engaged by the to theposition of the switch 82 in the device of V I62, conductor I64,contact. element I66 and con- To provide dynamic braking of the motor I6to I bring it to rest very quickly after it is so deenergized, aresistance I10 is connected across the armature to absorb the power inthe armature when it is deenergized and thus to bring it to a quickstop. If now the contour of the guide pattern should be such as todeflect the tracing mechanism laterally, either contact elements I12 andI14 or contact elements I16 and I18 would be moved to closed circuitposition to energize the armature of motor 16 with the opposite polarityto cause it to rotate in the opposite direction. If contact elements I12 and I14 were moved to closed circuit position by the deflection ofthe tracing mechanism 28' a circuit would be established through thearmature of motor 16' extending from conductor X of the source ofsupply, through conductor I86, conductor I82, contact element I12,conductor I56, the armature of tracing mechanism of the machine so thatthe direction of motion of the cutting tool will always he in thedirection of the slope of the guide pattern, thereby to produce anaccurate and smooth contour and to increase the production of themachine.
'In compliance with the requirements of the patent statutes, I haveshown and described herein the preferred embodiments of my invention. Itis understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the preciseconstruction shown and described, but is capable of modification by oneskilled in the art, the embodiments herein shown being merelyillustrative of the principles of my invention.
I claim as my invention:
1. In a system for controlling the movement of a metal working tool, apair of difierential gear trains each having two sun gears and aplanetary gear, means for driving one of the sun gears of eachof saidgear trains at a substantially constant speed, separate motors fordriving the other sun gear of each of said gear trains, means forsimultaneously varying the speed of one of said motors so as to producea range of speeds of the sun gear driven by said one motor from a speedsubstantially above the speed of the other sun gear of the one geartrain to the speed of the said other sun gear and from the speed of saidother sun gear to a speed substantially below the speed of said othersun gear, while varying the speed of the other of said motors so as toproduce a range of speeds of the sun gear driven by said other motorfrom the speed of the other sun gear of the other gear train to a speedsubstantially different from the speed of said other sun gear and fromthe speed substantially .difierent from the speed of said other sun gearto the speed of said other sun gear, means whereby one of said planetarygears imparts vertical motion to the tool, means whereby the other ofsaid planetary gears imparts horizontal motion to the tool, and meansfor selectively governing the action of said means for varying thespeeds of said motors to thereby selectively vary the direction ofmovement of the tool.
2. In a system for controllingthe movement of a metal working tool, apair of diiferential gear trains each having two sun gears and aplanetary gear, means for driving one of the sun gears of each of saidgear trains at a substantially constant speed, separate motors fordriving the other sun gear of each of said gear trains, means forsimultaneously varying the speed of one of said motors so as to producea range of speeds of the sun gear driven by said one motor from a speedsubstantially above the speed of the other other sun gear to a speedsubstantially below the speed of said other sun gear, while varying thespeed of the other of said motors so as to pro-' duce a range of speedsof the sun gear driven by said other motor from the speed of the othersun gear of the other gear train to a speed substantially different fromthe speed of said other the speed of said other sun gear, means wherebyone of said planetary gears imparts vertical motion'to the tool, meanswhereby the other of said planetary gears imparts horizontal motion tothe tool, and means comprising a tracer mechanism cooperating with aguide pattern for selectively controlling the action of said meansforsimultaneously varyingthe speeds'of said motors to therebyselectively vary the directionof movement of the tool in accordance withthe direction of the slope of that part of theguide pattern engaged bysaid tracer mechanism.
3.'In a system for controlling the movement the speed of the other ofsaid motors so as to produce a range of speeds or the sun gear driven bysaid other motor from the speed of the other sun gear of the other geartrain to a speed sub- =sun gear and fromthespeed substantially-differentfrom the speed of said other sun gear to stantially difierent from thespeed of said other sun gear and fromthe speed substantially differentfrom the speed of said other sun gear to the speed of said other sungear, means whereby one. of said planetary gears, imparts vertical.motion to the tool, means whereby the other of said planetary.gearsimparts horizontal motion to the tool, means for selectivelygoverning the action of said means for varying the speeds of said'motorsto thereby selectively vary the direction of movement of the tool, andmeans whereby said diflferent speed is a speed higher than said speed ofsaid sun gear during a predetermined range of motion of the tool andlower than said speed ofsaid sun gear during a predetermined range ofmotion of the tool. a 5. In a system for controlling the movement of ametal working tool, a pair of differential gear of a metal working tool,a pair of difierential gear trains each having two sun gears andaplanetary gear, means for driving one of the sun gears'of each of saidgear trains at a substantially constant speed, separate motors fordriving the other sun gear of each of said gear trains,
' means for simultaneously varying the speed of one of said motors so asto produce a range of speeds of the sun gear driven by said one motorfrom a speed substantially above the speed of the other sun gear of theone gear train to the speed of the said other sun gear and from thespeed of said other sun gear to a speed substantially below the speed ofsaid other sun gear, while varying the speed of the other of said motorsso as to produce a range of speeds of the sun gear driven by said othermotor from the speed of the other sun gear of the other gear train to aspeed substantially different-from the speed of said other sun gear andfrom the speed other sun gear to the speed 01' said other'sun gear,means whereby one of said planetary gears imparts vertical 'motion'tothe tool, means whereby the other of said planetary gears impartshorizontal motion to the too1,'said means for simultaneously varying thespeeds of said sun gear driving motors comprising rheostats in circuitwith the field windings oi said motors, means trains each having twosungears and a planetary I sun gear to a speed substantially below thespeed of said other sun gear, while varying the speed of the other ofsaid motors so as to produce arange of speeds of the sun gear driven bysaid other motor from the speed of the other sun gear of the other geartrain to a speed substantially difierent from the speed of said othersun gear and from the speed substantially different from the speed ofsaid. other sun gear to the speed of substantially different from thespeed of said for simultaneously actuating said rheostats so as toproduce the aforesaid ranges of sun gear speeds, a tracing mechanismmounted for movement with the tool and cooperating with a guide pattern,and means whereby deviation of said tracing mechanism from predeterminedcontact relation with the guide pattern causes selective directionalactuation of said rheostat actuating means.
4. In a system for controlling the movemen of a metal working tool, apair of difierential gear trains each having two sun gears and aplanetary gear, means for driving one of the sun gears of each of saidgear trains at a substantially constant speed, separate motors fordriving the other sun gearof each of said gear trains, means forsimultaneously varying the speed of one of said motors so as to producea range of speeds of the sun gear driven by said-one motor from a speedsubstantially above the speed of the other sun gear of the one geartrain to the speed of said. other sun gear, mean whereby one of saidplanetary gears impartsvertical motion to the tool, means whereby theother of said planetary gears imparts horizontal motion to the toOL'saidmeans for simultaneously varying the speeds of said sun gear drivingmotors comprising rheostats in circuit with, the field windings of saidmotors, a reversible motor for simultaneously actuating said rheostatsin such a manner as to produce the aforesaid ranges of sun gear speeds.a tracing mechanism mounted for movement with the tool and cooperatingwith a guide pattern, and means governed by predetermined deviations ofsaid tracing mechanism from normal contact relation withthe guidepattern for causing the rotation of, and selecting the direction thesaid other sun gear and from the speed of of rotation of saidrheostatmotor.
6. In a system for controlling the movement of a metal working tool, apair of difl'erential gear trains each having two sun gears and aplanetary gear, means for driving one of the sun gears or each of saidgear trains at a substantially constant speed, separate motors fordriving the other sun gear oi. each of said gear trains, means forsimultaneously varying the speed of one ofsaid motors soas to produce arange of speeds of the sun gear driven by said one motor from a speedsubstantially above the speed of the other sun gear or the one geartrain to the speed of thesaid other sun gear and from the speed of saidother sun gear to a speed substantially below the speed of said othersun gear, while varying the speed of the other of said motors so as toproduce a range of speeds of the sun gear driven by said other motorfrom the speed of the other sun gearof the other gear train to a speedsubstantially different from the speed of said other sun gear and fromthe speed substantially difierent from the speed of said other sun gearto the speed of said th Sun gear, means whereby one of said planetagears imparts vertical motion to the tool, means whereby the other ofsaid planetary gears imparts horizontal motion to the tool, said meansfor simultaneously varying the speeds of said sun gear driving motorscomprising" rheostats in circuit with the field windings of said motor,a reversible motor for simultaneously actuating said rheostats in such amanner as to produce the aforesaid ranges of sun gear speeds, a tracingmechanism mounted for movement with the tool and cooperating with aguide pattern, and means governed by predetermined deviations of saidtracing mechanism from normal contact relation with the guide patternfor causing the rotation of and selecting the direction of rotation ofsaid rheostat motor, said motor having dynamic braking means effectiveonly while pattern, means providing a common mounting for the tool andsaid tracing mechanism, means for imparting to said mounting meansmotions in two different directions simultaneously, and means controlledby said tracing mechanism for varying the relative speeds of the motionsin said two directions in accordance with the components, in said twodirections, of the slope of said guide pattern, said tracing mechanismcomprising a stem element having a contacting portion trolled by saidtracer mechanism comprising two control circuits, means wherebypredetermined forward movement of said stem energizes one of ber and aguide pattern, a variable resistor associated with each of the motorsfor controlling the speed of their associated motors, a reversible drivemotor for said variable resistors, and means whereby deviation of thetracing member from apredetermined control relation with the surface ofthe guide pattern so controls the direction of rotation of said variableresistor drive motor as to produce positioning motor speeds proportionalto the components, in two directions, of the slope of the guide patternat the positional; which the tracing member engages the guide pattern.
9. In a control system for metal working tool positioning motorscontrolled by a tracing member and a guide pattern, a variable resistorcon- I nected to control the speed of each of the motors, a reversiblemotor connected to actuate said resistors simultaneously said resistorsbeing so arranged as to have their relative resistance values varied byactuation by said reversible motor, and means whereby deviation of thetracing member from a predetermined contact relation with the surface ofthe guide pattern so controls the direction of rotation of saidreversible motor as to vary the positioning motor speeds in accordancewith the variations of the relative values of the components, intwodirections, of the slope of the guide pattern.
I 10. In a control system for metal working tool positioning motorscontrolled by a tracing memher and a guide pattern, a reversible motor,means controlled by said reversible motor for varying the relativespeeds of the positioning motors in accordance with the direction ofoperation motor as to vary the positioning motor speeds in accordancewith the variations of the relative values of the components, in twodirections, of
the slope of the guide pattem.
ROBERT S. ELBERTY. JR.
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2024-03-22
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1938-03-09
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1941-11-25"
}
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US-42340630-A
|
Construction material
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Filed Jan. 25, 1950 v IN VEN TOR.
Patented Oct. 31, 1933 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Ralph A. Altenhof, BethelTownship, Allegheny County, Pa., assignor to The Koppers Company ofDelaware, a corporation of Delaware Application vJanuary 25, ,1930.Serial No. 423,406 2 claims. (ol. 91-68) This invention relates toconstruction matetreated tar such as thatdescribed in a copending rialsand more particularly to Waterproof, stone application Serial No.434,811, filed Mar. 10, 1930. or stone-like materials and to processesof pre- Sulphur treated water gas tar, oil gas tar or coke paring thesame. oven tar have excellent penetrating qualities and 5 Considerabledifficulty is experienced in preare extremely resistant to the effectsof Water. 60
venting moisture or Water from passing through The tar to be treated isfirst dehydrated and stone or similar materials used for constructionthen heated with about 5% or more by weight purposes. In theconstruction of buildings, of powdered sulphur. The heating is continuedWhere certain portions of the Walls are necesso long as substantialamounts of hydrogen sulsarily thin, moisture often finds its Way throughphide are evolved. The treated tar is then ready 65 the pores in thestone. In cellars as Well as in to be mixed with the metallic powder inthe tunnels there is danger of seepage Which causes proportion of abouttwo pounds per gallon of erosion and produces unsightly stains. Toovertar. come these difficulties, certain Waterproong As stated in theabove application, other maagents have been employed, but satisfactoryreterials such as resins, gums, bituments such as 70 sults have notalways been obtained. gilsonite', and materials usually added to paintsThe present invention provides a means wheremay be added to the tar. bysuch materials as stone, concrete, cement, Porous stone material aftertreatment with the brick, and other porous ceramic materials, are abovewaterproofing agent has on its outer Surrendered impervious to water ormoisture or even face a continuous film of metal formed by over- 75 toair. This is accomplished by sealing the surlappingl flakes `which coverthe pores. The biface of the material with a relatively Athin filmtuminous matter fills the pores for a substantial of metal. To producethis film, finely divided distance inwardly. Enough of the bitumenremetal, such as alminurn, aluminum bronze or copmains at the surface tohold the metal flakes in per bronze, preferably in flake form, issuspended position. Sulphur treated tars are particularly '80 in aliquid medium containing bituminous matter. suitable in this case inthat they have excellent This mixture is applied to the stone orstone-like adhesive properties and only a small amount is materials byspraying or by brushing. Blocks of necessary to cause the metallicflakes to adhere the latter materials may also be dipped in the firmlyto the stone. Furthermore, these tars mixture. Will not bleed throughthe metal film. 85
When the above mixture is applied to the sur- Sulphur treated tars arecomparatively free face of concrete or brick or other material of fromsolid particles and permit rapid leang and like nature, the metal,particularly When it is in the formation of a perfectly continuous lm offlaked form, immediately forms a continuous film the metal flakes onstone materials. The flakes on the surface of the concrete or othermaterial. are not affected by the sulphur treated tars due 90 This lm 0fmetal DTBVGIIS any Substantial evapto the fact that these tars arepractically free oration of the liquid medium and causes the latfromacid. ter to take the other course, namely, to penetrate While I havedescribed sulphur treated tar or impregnate the concrete or othermaterial. `A as the preferred waterproofing material and vepracticallyperfect seal is thereby formed. hicle for the metal powder, it isconceivable that 95 In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 showsa certainother forms of tar and asphalt may be section through a concrete block,one surface of employed without materially impairing the charwhich iscoated With the Waterproofing mateacteristics of the process or theproduct of my rial. The outer layer 1, which is lsomewhat exinvention.
aggerated in thickness, represents the metallic When untreated tars andasphalts are em- 100 film. 'Ihe inner layer 2 represents the portionployed, the relative positions of the layer-s illusof the blockimpregnated or saturated with the trated in the drawing aresubstantially the same bitumen. but the advantages of sulphur treatedtars are Fig. 2, which shows a section through' a block more or lesslacking. of stone-like material, illustrates the relative po- It isreadily seen that stone-like materials com- 105 sitions of the metalliclin 3 and the bitumenbined with an outer film of metal andimpregsaturated-layer 4 after the Waterproofing matenated withbituminous material have a number rial has been applied to the entiresurface of the of advantages and are adapted to many uses. block. fBesides being Waterproof they are less 'af The preferred bituminousmaterial is a sulphur -fected by oils. When applied to walls of tunnels110 or of cellars, a practically water-tight seal is obtained, and atthe same time Where aluminum is used a particularly pleasing, brightsurface is obtained which is not subject to stain and that serves toreect light. usually made of concrete, may also be rendered waterproofor more pleasing in appearance by means of the foregoing materials. Theymay also be used on dams and in the bottoms of p ools.
I claim as my invention'.
Grave vaults, which are' l. Construction material comprising' porousstone or stone-like material having in its pores sulphur-treated tar andhaving on its surface a continuous lm of metal. 'j
2. Construction material comprising porous stone or stone-like materialhaving in its vpores sulphur-treated water-gas tar and having on itssurface a continuous film of metal.
RALPH A. ALTENHOF.
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2024-03-22
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1930-01-25
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1933-10-31"
}
|
US-68323933-A
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Motor vehicle
sept. 2, 41941, M Q, LEY l 2,254,491 Y MOTOR VEHICLE (imam/kw M.` OLLEYMOTOR VEHICLE Sept. 2, 1941.
2 Sheets-Sheet- 2V Filed Aug. 2, 1933 Patented Sept. 2, 17941 2,254,491l l Moron vaincu:
Maurice Olley, Pleasant Ridge, Mich., assignor to General MotorsCorporation, Detroit, Mich., a
corporation of Delaware Application August 2, 1933, Serial No. 683,239
1 Claim.
' ingly high speeds over the highways and while the vehicle itself iscapable of sustaining these high speeds, the actual riding comfort andthe ease of handling leave much to be desired. The
occupants are fatigued by the oscillations or what l may be termed theaction of the car with effects which are accentuated as the speedincreases.
The conventional automobile has its framework together with itsnecessary mechanical parts so arranged and organized as to provideqabody space thereon and the whole is then suspended on the wheels.Efforts to improve the riding comfort or ride and the ease of handlingor stability on the road, or roadability, have been largely directed tothe suspension and almost entirely to the springs, their mountings, andmeans to modify the action of the springs.
The road shocks at the wheels of a motor vehicle acting through thesprings, front and rear, result in oscillating motions of the vehiclebody. The shocks may take place in any conceivable combination, underany or all of the lroad wheels separately or together but, as measuredin a vertical longitudinal plane, (and it is the motion in (such a planewith which this invention is concerned) the oscillations separately,simultaneously, or in any phase relationship always take place about twovirtual but none the less definitely xed transverse axes for any givenvehicle and condition of loading. 1
While it has been appreciated heretofore that the oscillations were ofthe foregoing nature, the Y importance from the standpoint of ride ofthe frequencies of these oscillations and the particular location of theaxes of oscillation relative to the motor vehicle and to one anotherhasl not been fullyunderstood.
It is a common experience to find that a given automobile will, undercertain# and usually abnormal load conditions, have improved ride androadability, but, no automobile has heretofore been built in which theoptimum value of all the considerations affecting ride and readability,l. e. the distribution of the sprung masses, the position of the centerof gravity, the ratio of the spring deflection front and rear, and theactual frequency of the oscillations, has been realized.
The general object of the invention is an automobile of improved ridingcomfort and road stability.
It is a specific object of the invention to enl sure that the principaloscillations of the automobilebody as a result of road shocks are ofsubstantially equal frequency about determinate transverse axes.
It is a further object of the invention to secure theaforementioned'objects with the best possible relationship between theprincipal factors controlling ride and vroadability" which are theposition of the center of gravity, the actual-and relative springdeflection of the front and rear end of the automobile, land thedistribution of the sprung masses, which factors are interdependent, andto some extent, conflicting in .their influence.
The above and other objects of the invention are achieved by arrangingand disposing the essential parts and constituents of the sprung mass ofthe automobile so as in themselves to provide the best longitudinaldistribution of the suspended masses relatively to the road wheel axesand then providing a suitable spring suspension so that the vehicle bodywill oscillate as closely as possible vertically up and down withcombined oscillations of a comfortable frequency giving a so-calledfflat ride," free from violent pitching.
Experiment and experlencehave shown that the ride of the car or the'comfort of the passengers requires that the periodicity of oscillationsof any kind and from any source should be within the range of to 90cycles per minute. Any other frequencies are liable to cause fatigue anddiscomfort.
'I'he natural period or frequency of oscillation of 'a spring supportedmass is a function of the spring deflection, which is measured as theamount by which the spring is compressed from a free to a fully loadedposition'.
It is known that inany car a spring deflection of 41/2 inches (measuredas the amount by which the suspended massA approaches the road wheelcenters as the springs are compressed from their free position to thatposition assumed under normal full load) is the very least which can bevused if the frequency is not to exceed cycles per minute. /f/
In any car, and irrespective of its size dr weight, the springdeflection should therefore not be less than 41/2 inches and only byusing a suspension of not less than this deflection can objectionable55l cerned.
higher frequency oscillations be avoided. This .is at once a departurefrom standard present day practice as far as the front suspension iscon- The actual ride is affected not only by'thefrequency, but also bythe actionor type of oscillation which depends on the position of thetransverse axes of oscillation. Y
The actual oscillations of an automobile are usually compounded of pitcwhich may be defined as an oscillationabout a vvirtual axis alwayswithin the wheelbase, and bounce which may be dened as an oscillationabout a virtual Y axis in frontof or behind the automobile.
'Ihe farther these axes are removed from the axles, the more nearly is aso-called fiat ride attained-the vehicle body moving vertically underroad shocks while maintaining a position' substantially parallel to theground. Such a fiat ride is free from the violent pitching or rockingmotion which is so noticeable in conventional cars where theoscillations'about the pitch axis located in the space between the twovwheel axes and about the bounce axis located only Ya. small distance infront Vof the front wheels, have ai large horizontal force componentwhich jerks the neckmuscles of the passengers.
The fundamental relationship requirement for simple harmonic motion ofa'body about ferent transverse axes is that E Y should equal unity wherek is the polar radius two difoi' gyration of the mass of the body aboutits center of gravity and a andb are the ldistances of the respectiveaxes from the transverse vertical plane containing the center ofgravity, and that at the same time the deflections of the supportingsprings at either end of the body should be equal. Expressed otherwise,this means -that when one axis is thecenter of percussion the other axisis the center of `rotation orangular oscillation; or that any verticalblow in the plane of one axis will be without influence on theposition-of the body at the plane of the other axis.
Considering now a'mass tofbe suspended on springs towards either end,the springs at each end being deflected an Y equal amount by themasses,the bounce axis will Vbe at iniinity and the pitch axis inthevertical plane of the center of gravity.
It might appear that an automobile Yshould have a ratio equal to unitywith equal spring deflection front and rear since, when equals unity andthe front and rear spring defiections are equal, the frequencies inpitch and bounce are equal, and these are the only conditions inwhichthe frequencies are equal. desirable that the frequencies of pitchand bounce shouldV be reasonably close together since, to the extentthat'they are dissimilar, there maybe very objectional interferenceforheterodyne ei'- fects between the 'oscillations of the pitch; and
bounce, producing sudden augmented impulses.
highly Yobjectionable to the passengers. When in an automobile the ratio1 approaches unity, the oscillating axes'approachy the vertical planesof the axles; when so located It is '65: ItY can be shown that thesquare oi' the bounce' neither of them are true pitch or bounce axes asdefined abovesince they are neither within nor without the axles orWheelbase.
On the other hand, when the front and rearA spring deflections are equalthe bounce axis tends to be at infinity and the pitch axis in thevertical plane containing the center of gravity whatever the value ofmay be.
'I'he two conditions in combination are conicting, and as a result thepositions of the oscillatingV axes are indeterminate, the behavior Ithas been found that this is indeed the case and that by reducing theratio the frequencies in pitch and bounce arel still so close that nodistinct interference kicks occur while, however, the car has morenearly definite oscillation centers with a characteristic anddeterminate action 1 If now, S1=front spring stiffness in lbs. per inchdeiiection rea` spring stiffness in lbs.- per inch deiiecton Y w1=pitchfrequency in radians per second wz=bounce frequency in radians persecond M=mass ofthe vehicle a :distance of front spring from verticalplane of lcenter of gravity Y b :distance of rear spring from verticalplane of center of gravity then with equal spring deflection front andrear With equal spring deflections front and rear, the bounce axis is atinfinity and the pitch axis in the vertical plane of the center ofgravity. `The bouncing consists of pure linear oscillations,l and thepitching consists ofpure rotary oscillations.
u1.013 A Sri-S3 dividing numerator and denominator by Si 1.12-1 er) 1wfg-k2 (12+ S1 X S2 1+-S- l but .w1 1 au 1 "wz-k2 1H-) 1+.S-2 a 1a 1S2b2 a 1 E 62+ Sib 1+S2Xl1 z a -Ic-zab l a 1+ aLl-ab (IZ a k2 and ya*Pitch frequency c b wig-Bounce frequency It2 Thus with l k2 i Et equalto .8 and equal spring deflection front and rear, the ratio pitchfrequency 1- g rear spring deection front spring deflection equal tounity with virtual pitchv axis at the i" center of gravity and virtualbounce axis at innity, can with advantage be departed from to eiect achange, in the position of the oscillating centers towards increasedactual comfort.
The virtual pitch axis will always,y lie between 1 motion, tov acombination of bounce (a motion ywhich,-while not a parallel motion, isstill about an axi's some distance away from the car) and a pitchingmotion which is more nearly parallel y or up and down, thus improvingvthe combined effect towards an actual flatter or parallel combinedmotion, with a normal load.
If, in an actual car with the center of gravity approximately centralthe passengers are grouped towards the rear axle, the axiscf pitch canbe brought towards the front axle away from the rcenter of gravity byVincreasing the deflection of the front springs, and it has been foundthat a ratio of rear spring deflection Y front spring deflection equa1to :i5 at light load up to 1.o 'at maximum load gives probably thegreatest over-all improvement.
a transverse Vertical plane containing the centerv of gravity and thatroad wheel axis which has l the greater spring deflection, while thevirtual bounce axis will be on that side of the transversevertical planecontaining the center of gravity away from the pitch axis. The virtualbounce axis moves from infinity towards one axle as thev rear springdeflection front spring deflection y departs from unity. Since, however,the ratio rear spring defiection front spring deflection willy vary withthe variable live load consisting,
ofl passengers and fuel load (vv ich may be a considerable percentage ofthe total load), then in a car in which the passengers are grouped forthe A still further advantage results from the use of a greater `frontspringk dellection, in that a force applied as by a bump to the frontwheels will have a greater moment about the bounce axis than about thepitch axis. For this reason the initial movement will be practicallypure bounce and the rear of the car will be lifted, thus softening theimpact which is to follow as the rear wheels pass o'ver the bump andalso preparing the rear springs to receive this impact.
While in the foregoing it= was assumed that the center of gravity of thesuspended mass could be anywhere within the wheel base and it was onlynecessary that the masses should be so disposed as to have the requiredpolar moment about a horizontal transverse axis through the center ofgravity, the position of the centerY of gravity of the suspended massinfluences the roadability and stability of the automobile considerablyand a. position approximately 'midway between front and rear axles isvery necessary for stability on cambered roads and when cornering. Thisdisposition is desirable also for equal division of the load between thewheels and, in any case, a forw'ard center of gravity is likely to bringparking and traction dicultiesfwhile a rearward center of gravity isaccompanied by skidding on turns.
It has been found best to obtain xed and determinate centers ofoscillation byi making'the ratio /f\ less4 than unity rather thangreater than unity because with the'y desired central position of the y,center of gravity relative to thev axles there would /have to be a massconcentration to the outside of the axles forl being a practicaldifliculty in obtaining such a.
most part to one side of a transverse vertical mass disposition of theessential parts of the car,
to be greater than unity; andin addition to there there is still anotherreason which makes a higher value of undesirable, since it would meanincreasing the moment oi' inertia of the suspended mass of the car abouta vertical as well as a transverse axis through the center of gravityand this would make the car harder to turn as well as increasing theprobability of skid on entering a turn.
'I'he comparison between a conventional car and a car built according tothe invention is as v follows:
In the conventional car the ratio E ab equals about .6, the ratio rearspring deflection front spring'deliection is greater than 1 andfrequently '2 or 3 with an actual spring deflection of the front springsoi less than 4 inches, and the center of gravity is approximatelycentral. The result of these re-4 to the dissimilar frequencies of thecomponentl oscillations with resonance at some times greatly increasingtheir amplitude; the pitching oscillation about a center below thepassengers has a large horizontal component which jerks the passengersneck muscles; and. the proximity of the bounce axis to the front axlemeans that vertical blows at the front wheels produce a motion almostthesame as that about the pitch axis. The
vpassengers are more or less violently disturbed.
In a car built according to the invention, the ratio f Y k, E
equals about .8, the ratio rear spring deflection 93 front springdeflection with an/average spring deilection of 7 inches, and the centerof gravity approximately central. The result of these relationships isthat the oscillationsare of a comfortable and closely similar frequency(the ratio pitch vfrequency to bounce frequency' being approximately as5 is to 6), the pitch center is forward of the center of gravity (awayfrom the passengers who are grouped to the rear), and the bounce centeris some distance to the rear of the vehicle. A distinct improvement inthe action of the car is effected, a flatter" ride is obtained withelimination of interference kicks," the passengers are not jerkedforward but are oscillated gently up and down at a comfortable frequencyand are least discomilted by such an arrangement ofthe ratios of thefactors involved and their relationactual "roadability or ease ofhandling with safety at all speeds has been improved.
'I'he accompanying drawings show one way in which the required.disposition of the parts and the masses is obtained in an actualautomobile.
In the .drawings Figure l is a side elevation of an automobile builtaccording to the invention and showing the disposition of the principalmasses in dotted lines.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the chassis.
Figure 3 is an enlarged, partly broken away, part-sectional view in thedirection of the arrow I of Figure 2 showing the way in which the frontsteering wheels are supported from the chassis.
Figure 4 is an enlarged section on the line 4-4 of Figure 2.
Figure 5 is an enlarged, partly broken away, part-sectional view on lineB-I of Figure 2.
The engine I is mounted farther forward -in relation v'to the front axleand the car as a whole than is usual, and since such a forwarddisposition would interfere with the up and down movement of theordinary front axle under spring deilection if the distance between theaxle and the under side of the engine were not increased,
it has been found convenient to adopt. independent front wheelsuspension. There is a further advantage in the adoption of independentsuspension in that it readilyfpermits of the use of the desired softerfront springs. The use of independent suspension also increases theeiIective sprung masses at the ends of the car, thus increasing themoment of inertia of the sprung masses without necessarily increasingthe moment of inertia of the car as a whole.
'I'he battery 2 has been brought forward alongside the engine away fromthe usual position amidship of the car.
Since the requirements Aof the invention are concerned with the sprungmass, this has been increased at the rear by supporting the diilerentialhousing 3 on the frame.
Still further to increase the moment of inertia of the sprung masseswhile maintaining the approximately central center of gravity, the sparetires 4 and S'with rims or wheels are carried in a boot 6 which is in anextension of the body to the rear of the frame. Also in the boot are twogasoline tanks 'l and 8,one on each side of the spare tires. A trunk 9and tool box I0 are similarly carried in the boot on shelves II and I2.
The resultof the foregoing distribution of the sprung masses is a massconcentration on each side of the center of gravity which is representedin FigureV l by the two spheres Wi and W2. In this ligure, k representsthe radius of gyration o! these masses from the center of gravity G. aand b are the horizontal distances of the front and rear axlesrespectively from the transverse vertical plane of the center ofgravity. The masses W1 and W2 have been represented as of unequalamount, unequal distances k1 andkz, respectively away from the center ofgravity. It will be appreciated that they might be similar and hence asimilar distance from the center of gravity. In any case, Ic representstheir mean` distance from the center of gravity.
The frame is narrow and the side members I3 and I3' are parallel andsubstantially straight, providing a frame of high torsional rigiditywith a low weight. Cross members I4, I5, I6, I1, 4I, and 5i!V connectthe side members.` The membersr I6 and I'I form an X-member.
ship toone another, while at the same time the Each front wheel I 8 orIl is supported vby a pair of swinging V-shaped supporting members orstructures having two arms I9, 20 and 2|, 22 respectively, pivoted tothe chassis frame at points 23, 24 andv25, 26 respectively, and withlink pins 21 and 28 at their apices carrying a king pin bracket piece 29on which the wheel spindle 29' is pivotally supported.
The axes through 23, 24 and 25, 26 and the axes of the link pins 2l and28 are all parallel to one another in their respective wheel lsupportingsystems at an angle to the longitudinal axis ofthe frame divergingoutwards towards the front end thereof. In addition, the forward ends ofall the axes are tilted upwards away from the horizontal so that theaxes lie in planes at right angles tothe king pin 29 which is arrangedto have the usual small "caster angle as a result of which the front'wheels are given a tendency to maintain themselves in a straight aheadposition.
-The upper member I9, 20 is considerably shorterthan the lower member2I, 22. As a result, when these members swing about their pivots thetrack of the tires remains constant and the portion of the tire incontact with the road is not subjected to side thrusts or any scrubbingaction. Y
A plate 30 is secured between the arms 2| and 22 of the lower wheelsupporting member in such away that the three together form a letter A,constituting a strong and rigid assembly well able to resist forcesAparallel to the ground occurring during the operation of the vehicle.
The plate is formed to serve as a seat fora coil spring 3I whichsupports the frame, the upper end of the spring bearing on a bracket '32y xed to the frame.
The spring reaction against the bracket 32 serves to clamp a `cup shapedmember 33 to the bracket, the member 33 serving as a stop to limit thedeflection of spring 3l. A rubber cushion 34 is attached to plate 30 tosoften the blow.
'Ihe location of the plate 30 about three fifths of the distance fromthe axis 25, 26 to the pvot 28 permits the use of a very practicaldesign of coil spring having such relative dimensions of wire diameter,coil diameter and operating length as to give a stable spring under itsusual working deflection while at the same time permitting an extremelysoft front suspension. The stiffness of the suspension at the frontwheel will be (i3/5) 2 or .36 of the spring stiffness.
The rear wheels 35 and 35 are mounted on bearings in turn supported 'byhollow hubs integral with lever arms 36 which havefhollow hubs 3lsupported on bearingsl on transverse tubular shafts 38 which are locatedforward of the wheels. The diiferential housing 3 has attached to it atubular cross shaped member 39 to which also are attached the tubularshafts 38. These tubular shafts 38 are mounted in rubber bushings 40supported in bearings 4I through the frame-side sembly constitutes alsoa strong cross member on which the arms 36 are pivoted. In this way roadshocks received by the rear wheels and also gear vibrations arising inthe differential housing' are resiliently cushioned from the frame bythe rubber mountings.
Semi-cantilever leaf springs 45 are mounted on spring perches on thehubs 3l of lever arms 36. These leaf springs extend rearwards beyond therear wheels and have their outer ends shackled to brackets on the rearcross member I9.
The mounting of the pivot points for the arms 36 for the'rear roadwheels forward of the wheels causes a tendency for the rear end of thechassis to be depressed by braking reaction when the brakes are applied.Any such depression is in opposition to the tendency of a vehicle topitch or rock forward about a horizontal transverse axis when the brakesare applied. This latter tendency is more pronounced when the softerfront springs necessary for a good ride are adopted and hence thegreater desirability for the tendency towards depression of the rear endunder braking reaction in a ,car built'accordlng to the invention. Y
The drive from the diierential housing to the rear wheels is takenthrough universal andvtelescopic joints by the drive shafts 46.
Mounted in the longitudinal branches of the tubular cross shaped member39 is a drive shaft for the pinion of the ring gear in the differentialn steering arms are connected to the steering lever by a pair/ of tierods 53,y having ball and. socket joint connections with the steeringarms and the steering lever at 54. The tie lrods 53 are pivoted to thesteering lever at points whic in the nor.
' mal position of the parts are substantially in alignment with thepivot axes 25, 26 of each wheel supporting means so that the steeringarrangement will be substantially unaffected by rising and fallingmovements of the wheels.
I claim: f
In a power driven vehicle the combination comprising a frame, a vehiclewheel, a wheel carrier/a pair of links forffconnecting the wheel carrierto the frame pivotally connected at one end to said frame one above theother so as to be capable of swinging only in a vertical plane aboutparallel axes xed with respect to the frame but incapable of movementrelatively to the frame in any other direction, said links beingpivotally connected to the wheel carrier to form with the wheel carrierand the frame an articulated quadrilateral, and a frictionlesshelicalcompression y spring interposed between one of said links and the frameso as to oppose the vertical swinging motion of the links, said springbeing freely movable laterally substantially over its entire length andbeing secured against lateral displacement at its ends with respect tothe frame and' th link, respectively. MAURICE OLLEY.
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2024-03-22
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1933-08-02
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1941-09-02"
}
|
US-37006053-A
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Catch net for playpens
Dec. 14, N C, E ROY 'CATCH NET FOR PLAYPENS Filed July 24, 1953INVENTOR. NORMAN C. LEROY, BY
United States Patent() CATCH` NET EOR PLAYPENS Norman C. Le Roy, Miami,`Fla.,
Application July 241953Seria lNo. 370,060
' Claims. (Cl. 5-317) This invention relates to acatch net fordetachable and collapsibleconnection to childrens. play pens and is animprovement over my United States Patent No. 2,607,052, issued August19, 1952.
The primary object of the invention is to provide a net structurethatextends entirely around the play pen to be angularly disposedoutwardly from the pen a dis: tance calculated to catch and entraparticles, such as bottles, toys or the. like thrown by the occupant oflthe pen to prevent them striking the floor and in many instances beingbroken.
The invention contemplates novel supports for mount: ing engagement uponthe play'pen at each corner, which supports serve to hold the net in anextended angular position from the sides of the pen entirely therearoundand with the supports constructed in a manner to permit them to beretracted against the side of the pen to collapse. the4 net andfacilitate attention to the occupant. of the pen.
The invention further contemplates the novel supports for angularlydisposing the net at a predetermined and desirable angle from the pen tocatch and collect articles thrown by children of very young age and withthe supports being further extensible to dispose the net outwardly agreater distance where the child is capable of projecting the articles agreater distance.
Novel features of construction and operation will be clearly apparentduring the course of the following description, reference being had tothe accompanying draw-V ings, wherein has been illustrated a preferredembodif ment of the invention and wherein like characters of referenceare employed to denote like parts throughout the several figures.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a play pen showing the inventionconnected therewith,
Figure 2 is an enlarged side elevation of the net support in thesupporting position, the pen and the net being fragmentarily shown,
Figure 3 is a plan view of the structure of Figure 2,
Figure 4 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through the support andassociated mounting bracket, taken 'on line 4--4 of Figure 3,
Figure 5 is a fragmentary longitudinal section through thel outer end ofthe support, taken on line 5,- 5 of Figure 3 and,
Figure 6 is a fragmentary perspective View illustrating the manner ofconnecting the net to the support,
Referring specifically to the drawings, the numeral 5 designates aconventional childs play pen, generally :square in top plan and jhavingopen sides 6, a lbot-torn 7 and ground legs k8. The legs 8 may beomitted and .the invention is ust as applicable to play pens having nolegs and which set directly upon the oor. The specific structure -of thepen is relatively unimportant, since it forms no part of the presentinvention.
Mounted at each of `the corner legs 8 of the pen at their upper ends,are cradle brackets, indicated as -a whole -by the numeral 10. Eachofthe brackets 10 comprises a pair .of vertically arranged vspaced apartand -para'llel side walls 11, connected at their :lower edges:b3/:integral spaced apart semi-.cylindrical straps 12. Each 'of theside walls V11 carry attaching wings 13, `ang-led substantiallyforty-tive degrees 'from fthe 4plates yand fthese wings '13 areapertured for gthe u,passage o f fastening screws 14. 'Bhe Twings ,13llave fa 'height substantially :corresponding :to the :upper yrail oftthe men,
ICC
Each ot the bracketsl Support a tubular arm 15, to swingin a4 verticalplane. The arm 15 is hingedly Sup.- ported within the bracket by across-pin 1,6 that projects through a slot 17 formed in the bottom ofthebracket to form a fulcrum for the arm. The pin 16 engages the upper edgeof the lslot at opposite sides of the bracket, in which position the armhas simul-y taneous resting engagement with the straps 12. The arm 15 islikewise shiftable endwise with respect to the bracket and is limited insuch movement by the ,abutment ofthe pin 1 6 with the outer end of theslot 17, in which position the inner end of the arm will clear the innerstrap 12 and permit the arm to be swung upward and then projecteddownwardly axially `through tl-ie slot to disposev the arm in thecollapsed position shown in dotted line in Figure 2. The arm is'limitedin its downward axial movement by a preferably inte? gral .collar 18formed on its outer end,' with the collar having a diameter adequate tooverlie the upper edges of the plates or, side walls 11 of the bracket.The bracket 10 thus forms a cradle for the operative resting sup.- portofthe arm 15. The arm 15r is longitudinally slotted for its majorlength, as at 19, with the outer end of the slotofset and undercut as at20 for locking engagement with a headed pin 21, carried by a telescopicextension rod 22. The rod 22 -is slidable into and out of the arm 15 andin normal retracted position, extends slightly beyond the collared en dof the arm 15. rIlhe )10d '22 -is preferably for-med tubular -with itsouter projecting end`forrned open.
Disposed entirely 'around the pen and adapted lto be angled outwardlyfrom the sides 6 and identical degree throughout the circumference, isan open mesh catch net 23, having a lower hem 24 -intowhich is threadeda draw and tie cord A25, through the medium of which the lower marginaledge oi' the net may be securely bound around ,the bottom of the pen `ata point slightly below the bottom '7. The upper marginal edge of the net23. is preferably provided with alreinforced hem 26, into which is`threaded an elastic cord for maintaining the net -2;3 substantiallytaut throughout its extended use. At equidistantly spaced points aroundthe hem 26, the net is provided with attaching grommets 27, see moreparticularly Figure 6, and lthe hem -is connected to t-hevprojectingends of the several rods 2 2, by ball headed pins 21S,Passing through the 4grommets 27 and friction- ,ally engaging ythetubular rods 22, ithrough the medium of which the. hem 2.6 is -SeGureI-v@inflected t0 the rods `against accidental displacement, yet may ibequickly and easily diseonaeeted by merely withdrawing the pins :28.Under normal operating conditions, Awhere the child .is yer-y young, therod is fully telescoped into the vvarm 15, with the net disposed atapproxi-mately `the angle shown. The rods 22 will be held againstaccidental telesco e 'shifting by the :fett-active `force ,of the.elastic .cord wlthul the heal 2li The bracket? .1.0 may be arranged thecradle .straps 12 slight-ly 4angled upward' to .disnase .e arm L5 andthe md .22 slightly angled upward `to maintain lthe upper marginal ,edge,of .the .net 23 approximately ilush with the upper rail ,of the ,pen-to provide the maximum protection.
the use .of the .do/ica ideasal brackets@ are fastened ,at each `cor-nerof the pen ,at the upper end ,of the legs 8. The several 4,arms i5 aremounted ,within their respective brackets and the pins y)L6 forced there:through gto project an equal `distance beyond .each side wall 11. Thearms 15 are v,thus Vsecurely connected vto :the brackets ,againstdisplacement ,and will .be )limited lin their downward swinging movementby engagement with the `straps 1 2. The rods 22 are then telescopediin-to the arnis 1S and the headed ,pins v2l .screwed or otherwiseengaged therewith, thus limiting the telescopic ,movement ,of the ,rodsin either direction. The net is then 'securely .tied around the ,bOiimof the pen by .the .cord and the upper hem Ais `C,O1,1I,1CI$ 1 with the`several ,rods 2 2 vby zthe Ipins 23. .Upon release, ,the upper hem .26will be .held .taut with the .net angled outwardly from the `pe equal`distante thmushaut ,the .Crwmference of the aan it @will {na/1.1.9obten/sd, that a very substantial .vre-
tively catch any and all objects, such as bottles or toys which may bethrown by the occupant, shoved over the top of the pen or which may beforced through the open sides, with all such objects rolling gentlydownwardly to the bottom of the net where they may be easily and quicklycollected and redeposited in the pen. The bottles or such like, are thusprotected against breaking and avoids the need for the attendant to becontinually picking the objects up from the floor, as is so commoninpresent pens now in use. With older occupants of the pen, who have theability to throw objects a greater distance, it becomes necessary toextend the net outwardly for greater protection. When this becomesnecessary, the attendant merely pulls the rods 22 outwardly their fullextension and then by giving the rods a partial turn, locks the pins 21in the offset slot 20. This extension of the net 23 is possible due tothe recognized resiliency of netted material, coupled with the elasticcord in the hem 26. The net'will thus be securely held in the fullyextended position shown by dotted lines in Figure 2. To release the netso that it may assume its normal position, the operator merely reversesthe rotary movement of the rods 22 and the elastic cord will immediatelyshift the rods inwardly to the point where the pins 21 abut the innerend of the slot 19.
When there is no need for the net, or when the occupant of the penrequires attention,V it is desirable that the net be fully collapsed tofacilitate such attention. To accomplish this, the attendant shifts thearms 15 forwardly in the brackets to the limit of movement of the pins16, at which time the inner end of the arms will clear the inner cradlestrap 12, permitting the arms 15 and associated rods 22 with itsattached net to swing upward and permit the arms to be projecteddownwardly through the open slotted bottom of the bracket to assume acollapsed position substantially parallel with. the legs 8. shown indotted lines in Figure 2. Thus the net is shifted to a position againstthe side of the pen and offers no obstruction tothe full access to theinterior. Por attending to the occupant, it may only be necessary thatthe attendant collapse one or possibly two of the supports or, it may bethat the net will be entirely collapsed when the pen is unoccupied.After the net has been collapsed, it may be easily and quickly extendedby lifting the arm upward to a point where the pin 16 abuts the edges ofthe slot 17, at which time the arm 15 is swung downwardly and thenshifted rearwardly to overlie the inner cradle strap 12 where it issecurely locked against further accidental shifting. The net 23 rnav bequickly and easily removed from the supports and from the pen forlaundering by simply removing the pins 28 and untieing the cord 25. Thenet may be further attached to the pen by tacking or otherwise at pointsaround its lower hem 24 to prevent sagging under the weight of obiectscollected therein.
Tt will be apparent from the foregoing, that a very effective protectivecatch net has been provided for use with play pens. The parts are fewand simple and cheap to manufacture, are strong, durable and'easilymounted upon the pen. The cost of the device and its installation willmore than compensate for the saving in broken bottles or the like. Whenthe pen is to be stored, the net may be entirely removed and the armscollapsed, where they will be entirely out of the way, but always readvfor use.
Changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts and materialsemployed are contemplated as readily fall within the spirit of theinvention or the scope of 'the subioined claims. l
Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is:
l. In combination a catch net and a childs play pen of the type that isgenerally square in top plan and which is provided with corner posts, aclosed bottom and open sides, the net adapted to extend entirely aroundthe pen, the net having a lower marginal hem that is snugly engagedaround the bottom of the pen and an upper resilient marginal hem,brackets xed at the upper end of each of the corner posts, an armpivotally supported in each of the brackets to extend outwardly in agenerally horizontal plane, extension means carried by each of the armsthat has detachable connection with the resilient hem of the net atequidistantly spaced points, the arms and the extension means supportingthe net in a position of angularity outwardly from the sides of the penan equal distance throughout the circumference of the pen, the pivotalmeans between the arms and the brackets permitting the arms to swing invertical planes to be shifted to positions parallel with the cornerposts to dispose the net in collapsed position against the sides of thepen.
2. The device according to claim l, wherein the brackets provide acradle support for the arms at their inner ends that is adapted tosupport the arms in a generally horizontal plane outwardly from theposts, the pivotal means permitting the arms to swing upwardly from thehorizontal, means between the brackets and the arms to lock the armsagainst swinging movement, the extension means being telescopic withrespect to the arms and adapted to .be shifted outwardly to increase theangularity of the net outwardly from the sides of the pen and lockingmeans to retain the extension means in the extended position.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the brackets are U-shapedand cut away at their bottoms to form avpair of. spaced apartcradlestraps, the brackets provided with angle wings that are apertured forconnection to the pen, the arms and the extension means being tubularand telescopic with respect to each other, the inner end of each armwhen in the horizontal net supporting position being supported in thebrackets to have a normal resting support'upon the cradle straps, thearms being swingable in a vertical plane to be shifted axiallydownwardly between the spaced cradle straps to dispose the arms inpositions parallel with the corner posts, means carried adjacent theinner ends of the arms whereby when the arms are in the horizontalposition they may be axially shiftable to have interlocking engagementwith the brackets to prevent swinging movement, pin and slot connectionbetween the arms and the extension means to limit the shifting movementof the extension means, the extension means when in the extendedposition having interlocking connection with the arms, the outer ends ofeach of the extension means having a detachable connection with theresilient hem of the net.
4. In combination a catch net device and a childs play pen and with thecatch net having detachable connection with the play pen in a mannerwhereby it is disposed entirely around the circumference of the pen, thenet provided with a lower hem having a draw and tie cord to snuglyengage the hem entirely around a bottom of the pen, the net providedwith an upper resilient hem for its entire circumference that isprovided with grommets at equally spaced points in its circumference,the
pen having corner posts and open sides, brackets rig-- idly secured tothe corner posts adiacent their upper ends, the brackets being U-shapedand comprising spaced apart side walls open at the top and with thebottoms cut away to provide a pair of spaced apart cradle straps thatprovide an-elongated slot, apertured wings carried by the side walls inxed connection to the upper end of the pen, a tubular arm supported atone end in each of the brackets to have normal resting support upon thecradle straps, a pivot pin carried by the inner end of each arm to'havetraverse engagement in the elongated slot, the outer ends of the armsbeing open and Qflanged, the arms when in one position overlying bothcradle straps of their respective brackets with their pins contactingthe lower edges of the side walls to lock the arms against verticalswinging movement, the arms being axially shiftable outwardly todisengage the innermost cradle straps to permit the arms to be swungupwardly to be projected axially downwardly through the slots to assumepositions parallel with the corner posts, the arms being limited intheir downward movement by the abutment of the flanges with the upperedges of the walls,
aV tubular extension rod axially shiftable int'o and out of each of thetubular arms, a pin and slot connection between the arms and the rods tolimit the shifting movement of the rods, the rods when shifted to thelimit of their outer movement being partially rotatable tohav- 'inginterlocking engagement with the arms, the outer ends of the extensionrods formed open and connecting means between the outer ends of the rodsand the resilient hem that comprises headed pins that pass through thegrommets and have frictional engagement with the tubular rods, the armsand the rods when in one position serving to support the net device in aposition 'of angularity outwardly fromV the sides of the pen an equaldistance throughout the circumference ofthe .pen,.the
arms when shifted to a position parallel with the corner posts servingto dispose the net against the sides of the pen.
5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the spacing of the bracketside walls is substantially identical with the diameter of the arms andwherein the opening of the slot is such as to permit the projection ofthe arm downwardly therethrough, the engagement of the inner ends of thearms within the brackets at all times being such as to prevent lateralmovement of the arms, the headed pins connecting the resilient hem ofthe net being cylindrical and of a diameter corresponding to the innerdiameter of the extension rods with the pins being first insertedthrough the grommets to axially and frictonally engage the inner face ofthe rods.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 924,554 Jackson June 8, 1909 1,377,860 Thomas May 10, 19212,607,052 Le Roy Aug. 19, 1952
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2024-03-22
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1953-07-24
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1954-12-14"
}
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US-64152557-A
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Sagger pin
United States Patent 2,90 9 J sAGoER- N Edward Schramm, .assig nor to.Onondaga Pottery Company, Syracuse, N.Y., a corporation of New York HApplication February 1 9 57, Serial 641,525 3 Claims. (c1. 2s 115s).
are fired at an elevated temperature to produce vi-trous ware.
After the articles have been fired, they are dipped into a glazesolution and are placed in boxes formed of refractory material and knownas saggers. In order to support articles of flatware which have been socoated with the glaze material, the articles are supported on the endsof pins mounted in the inner surface of the sagger wall. These saggerpins are conventionally triangular in cross section and are positionedso that one apex of the triangular formation engages the under side ofthe dish or plate, the pins serving to effectively support the articleswhile they are fired the second time to fuse the glaze material over thesurface of the ware.
It is an object of this invention to provide a new and improved saggerpin which will prevent the problem of chipping in connection with thefiring of articles of glazed ware.
Prior to this time, when flatware, or dishes, or the like, was preparedto be fired, the ware was dipped into the glaze and then placed in'asagger wherein each piece of the ware was supported at three points uponsagger pins.
'The sagger was then closed and put into the kiln to fire the glazedware. During this firing process, the ends of the sagger pins fused tothe bottom of the ware. After the firing was finished, and while thesagger was cooling, tensile stresses developed at the point of contactbetween the sagger pin and the ware. (This is due to the fact that thesagger, the ware, and the sagger pins, each have a differentexpansivity.) These strmses combine to cause the fused sagger pin tochip the ware. That is, a small piece of the fired ware would adhere tothe sagger pin at the point of contact during the cooling of the firedsagger, thus leaving a depress-ion in the ware. This depression givesthe ware an undesirable appearance and can not be corrected in the pieceof fired'ware and therefore, it is considered very undesirable in theprocess of firing glazed ware.
Up to this time, several elforts have been made to solve this problem ofchipping. One of these efforts proceeded along structural lines. Thismethod was to make the pin body weaker so that it would be possible toreach a condition where the pin, rather than the ware, would fail duringthe cooling, thus causing a portion of the pin to break oif, rather thanchipping the ware. This solution proved to be impractical for the reasonthat such pins would not support the ware unless they were increased insize to a considerable extent and this was impossible since an increasein the size of the pin body wouldl mean a decrease in the amount of warethat could be carried and fired in a sagger.
Another method of attempting to solve the problem ofpin chipping was tocontrol and set up a balance between the expansivity rate of each of thesagger, sagger pin, and ware, in order to eliminate the tensile stresseswhich caused the chipping. Although this solution at first.seemedpractical, it later proved to be impractical for the reason thatit became impossible to maintain this balance over any substantialperiod of time for the saggers themselves, when used' continuously,would show a decrease in the rate of expansivity, thus upsetting thebalance.
With my new and improved sagger pin, the drawbacks of previous attemptshave been obviated and it is now possible to practically eliminate theproblem of pin chipping.
It is therefore an object of my invention to provide a sagger pin whichwill not chip the ware when the pin separates from the ware afterfiring.
The invention consists in the novel features and in the combinations andconstructions hereinafter set forth and claimed.
In describing this invention, reference is had to the accompanyingdrawings in which like characters designate corresponding parts in allthe views.
In the drawings- Figure 1 is a cross section of a portion of a saggerwith a plurality of plates mounted therein.
Figure 2 is a plan view of an individual sagger pin.
Figure 3 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 33 of Figure 4.
Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 4*4 of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a cross section of the ware and sagger pin immediately afterseparation.
1 indicates a sagger in which a plurality of glazed plates 2 are mountedfor firing. These glazed plates are supported on a plurality of saggerpins 3, shown in Figure 2. Each of the sagger pins is coated, at the endthereof which is to support the glazed plates, with a coating material 5which entirely surrounds the end of the pin (see Figures 3 and 4). Thesagger pins 3 are formed of a suitable ceramic material, and the pinsare fired before they are placed in the sagger box to provide sufiicientstrength and rigidity to support the plates 2 and prevent them fromsagging while they are being fired.
This coating material is of a type which will fracture more easily thanthe glazed Ware, after the glazed ware has been fired. That is to say,when the sagger pins are separated from the plates 2 after firing andupon cooling, the coating 5 will fracture more easily' than the glazedplate 2 so that, upon cooling, contraction of the pins and the plate,tensile stresses between the pin and the plate 'will cause a potrion ofthe coating 5 to fracture and adhere to the plate, forming aprotuberance, or nipple 6, see Figure 5, on the plate. Thisprotuberance, or nipple, is then conveniently removed by griding itflush with the under side of the piece of ware.
The coating 5 is of refractory material which is relatively porous andwhich is more frangible than the piece of ware whereby, upon cooling ofthe loaded sagger after fiiring, any stresses developed between the pinand the piece of ware will result in that portion of the coatingcontacting the ware severing from the pin. Such coating material mayconsist of kaolin or zirconium silicate. The coating may be applied bydipping the end portion of an unfired pin body into a heavy slurry ofthe refractory material and then firing the pin in the usual way toproduce a strong pin body having a relatively low absorption with themore porous coating at the end having a higher absorption. Also,previously fired pins may be dipped into the slurry of refractorymaterial and refired at hiscuit temperatures. In both instances, therefractory material becomes bonded to the end of the pin.
' r V 2,908,960 I, I
Due to the fact that the coating is more frangible '7 than the glaze, orthe body of the piece of ware, the coating will fracture when stressesare developed between the pin and the piece" of Ware, with the resultthat afragment of the coating will remain adhered to the under side ofthe dish,'as distinguished from the conventional situation Where afragment or chip is pulled out of the piece of ware, due to the factthat the fused end of the pin body is less frangible than the piece ofware.
The coating 5 permitsthe pin body to be made as dense as desired forstrength and need not be increased in cross sectional area. Likewise,the control of expansivity of the pins and saggers becomes of little orno importance. Further, the use of such a coating will minimize the sizeof the protuberance, or nipple, adhered to 15 ware during the firing ofthe ware, said pin comprising an elongated body formed at the endsupporting the ware with a coating of refractory'mater-ial bonded to thebody of the pin, said refractory material being more frangible than theWare and the pin body whereby, upon cooling of the ware, that portion ofthe coating contacting the Ware Will sever from the pin.
'2. A sagger pin as set forth'in claim 1, wherein said coating is formedof kaolin.
3..A sagger pin as set forth in claim 1, wherein said coating isformedof zirconium silicate.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
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2024-03-22
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1957-02-21
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1959-10-20"
}
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US-76018847-A
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Lubricating system for vehicles
Dec. 7, 1948. WINTHER 2,455,847 I LUBRICATING SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES FiledJuly 11, 1947 2 Sheets-Sheet l Hal FIG. /0 I I HOwHED'ld/NTHEB INVENTORLmm. W
n T TOE/V6 K Patented Dec. 7, 1948 2,455,847 LUBRICATING SYSTEM FORVEHICLES Howard Winther, Harrington Park, N. 1., assignor to NathanManufacturing Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New YorkApplication July 11, 1947, Serial No. 760,188
6 Claims. 1
This invention relates to pumps adapted to deliver oil to devices forlubricating the flanges of wheels of vehicles running on tracks, such aslocomotives, railroad cars, etc., where the wheels are mounted on trucksor irames which move relatively to the main body of the vehicle whichthey support or for lubricating various points on a vehicle, not runningon tracks, where relative movements are present between its body and itsframe or support,
It is the principal object of this invention to provide in a pump ofthis type, means to deliver only a small quantity of oil to theselubricating devices while. the vehicle is running on a straight track ormaking a straight run and to increase this quantity of oil whilerounding a curve when more lubricant is needed.
Another object is to provide a pump which can deliver quantities of oilto a plurality of lubri eating devices so that a single pump can takecare of the lubricant requirements of an entire vehicle.
A further object is to make use of the movementsof different points onthe vehicle relative to each other to operate the pump, as well as camcontrolling the stroke of the piston;
automatically adjust the amount of oil discharged, so as to provide aself-contained and automatic lubricating system for the purposespecified.
Other objects will become apparent after a perusal of the followingspecification and an in spection of the accompanying drawings in which apreferred embodiment of the invention is described, respectively, shown.
a In the drawings, v
Fig. l is a plan view of a fragmentary part of a vehicle with its framewhile running on a straight track; 1
Fig. 2'15 a fragmentary elevational view of the same;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the samewhile rounding a curve;
Fig. 4 is airagmentary elevational view of the ame;
' Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the lubricating pump forming part of thesystem, partly in elevation;
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the plane of line 6-B in Fig. 5;v
Fig. 7 is an horizontalsectional-view, partly elevation, along the planeof line 7-? in Fig.
Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view along the plane of line 8-8 in Fig. 5showing the piston at its minimum stroke;
, piston 32.
Fig. 11 is a detail plan view of the distributing valve and bushing ofthe pump; and
Figs. 12, 13, 14 and 15 are sectional views along, respectively, planesof lines [2-12, i3-l3, 14-44, and l5--l5 in Fig. 11 showing difierentrelative positions between valve and bushing.
Like characters of reference denote similar parts throughout the severalviews and the fol lowing specification.
20 is a vehicle having a body 2| mounted movably upon a frame 22 withinwhich are supported axles of wheels 23, preferably, within springsupported journal boxes, in the manner well known in the art. The wheelsare provided with flanges 24 and ride upon a pair of tracks 25.Attention is drawn to the fact that the vehiclebody is mov able inrelation to its frame, and that the wheels,
respectively, their axles, are movable with re-.
spect to the (frame.
which is fitted a cylinder 21 provided with a discharge duct 28 and anouter annular groove 29 whichv connects an inlet duct 30 to an inlet 38in the housing as shown in Fig. '7.
A piston 32 is fitted to cylinder 21 and is Provided with ports 33arranged to communicate with inlet duct 30 to admit fluid into a chamber34 and to communicate alternately with duct 28 to discharge fluid fromthis chamber.
A reciprocating and oscillating movement is imparted to piston 32 bymeans of a ball pin 35 eccentrically disposed on an end of a ratchetshaft 36 and moving inside a slot of a crosshead at of A stop member 38limits the travel of the piston 32 by contact between its bottom surface39 and a top id of an extension 4%! to the piston 32 when the piston isin its top position'. A spring 32 acting on the crosshead all maintainscontact between the piston, 32 and the ball pin 35 at a'point 18 duringits upward or suction stroke; g
The ratchet shaft to is supported and driven by a ratchet mechanism 54of the kind, for in stance, described in Patent No. 2,406,599. of August27, 1946. The ratchet mechanism is actuated by a connection between anarm t5 and a vibrating or oscillating part of the frame to which thelubricator is attached, such'as the journal boxes of the wheel axles. Apreferred method oi a connection is disclosed in Patent The fluiddischarged into the duct 23 by the motion of the piston 32 passesthrough a duct 46 in the housing and flows to an opening 41 in acylindrical valve bushing 48. A rotary valve 49 within the bushing 48has an annular groove 56 which maintains contact with opening 41 duringthe entire revolution of valve 49. A radial channel through the valve 49transmits the fluid from the groove 56 to an axial chamber 52 in thevalve.
Referring to Figs. 12, 13, 14 and 15, ports 53, 54, 55 and 56 in valve49 serve to distribute the fluid from the chamber 52 consecutively toports 51, 58,59 and 60 in bushing 48 which communicate, respectively,with pump outlets 6|, 62, 63 and 64 In Fig. 'I, teeth of a gear 65 onthe ratchet shaft 36 engage teeth of a gear 66 which rotates a shaft 61and a worm 68. Worm 63 rotates a gear 69 attached to valve 49.
The relation of revolutions of ratchet shaft 36 to those of valve 49 issuch that, when the number of ports 53, 54, 55 and 56 is represented byn, the valve 49 will rotate 1/n revolution foreach revolution of theratchet shaft 36.
The train of gears 66, 68 and 68 is positioned so that one of the valveports, such as 53 will be in communication with a bushing port such as51 during the downward or discharge stroke of the piston 32. Eachrevolution of the ratchet shaft 36-moves a consecutive valve port intocommunication with the bushing port located in its radial plane. Thedifierent positions of valve ports with respect to bushing ports areshown in Figs. 12, 13, 14 and 15. With the valve 49 as shown in thesefigures, the external discharges take place during the consecutiveregistering between ports 53 and 51, ports 54 and 56, ports 55 and 59,and ports 56 and 66. The cycle is repeated as long a the ratchet shaftcontinues to rotate.
The volume of fluid discharged by the piston 32 is controlled by theposition of the stop member 38. The stop member in its normal or lowestposition allows the piston 32 to travel a fixed minimum stroke. Anincrease in stroke is caused by the upward movement of stop member 38when a cam I6 is rotated in either direction. A spring II is provided tomaintain the stop member in contact with cam 16 and to overbalance theforce of spring 42. Cam III has an integral shaft I2 which oscillates ina bearing I3 when an external torque is applied by a lever I4 through anarm I5.
' In a railway vehicle, for instance, certain operating parts such aswheel flanges wear to a degree which is proportional to the curvature ofthe track as well as to the distance traversed. This lubricating systemsupplies an increased amount of lubricant to the wearing parts not onlywhen the vehicle is entering the curve but during the entire traversalof the curve. The method of. obtaining the increased volume is explainedwith reference to Fig. 1, showing a plan view of the frame 22 rotatablyattached to the body 2| of a railway vehicle, and Fig. 2, showing a sideelevation of the same.
The frame 22 has attached to it apparatus for applying lubricant to thewheel flanges 24, including a lubricant reservoir I6, the pump 26 andflange oilers 11, such as disclosed, for example, in Patent No.2,380,743, issued July 17, 1945, to Bengt E. Folke et al., and suitablepipes I8 for conducting the fiuid from the reservoir to the lubricatorand from the lubricator to the flange oilers.
An anchoring lu I9 is fixed to the body 2| of 26 and the anchoring lugI9.
, 4 the vehicle. A rod 66, provided with limited unlversal motion ateach end, serves to connect lever "I4 to anchoring lug I9. The length ofthe rod is adjused so that when the vehicle is standing on a straighttrack the lever I4 and arm I5 are vertical, cam I6 is horizontal. andstop member 33 is in its lowest position, thus regulating the lubricatorto its minimum discharge.
When the vehicle enters a curve, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, theframe 22 is displaced rotationally with respect to the body 2|. Thisdisplacement alters the distance between the pump The rod 86 being offixed length, lever I4 and arm I5 move to compensate for the change indistance between the parts they connect. This movement causes cam I6 torotate, raising the stop member 38, thereby increasing the stroke ofpiston 32 and automatically increasing the discharge of lubricant Uponthe return of the vehicle to a straight track, the parts revert to theposition shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 8, readjusting the lubricant deliveryto the normal requirements.
While I have referred to the system as adapted to lubricate wheelflanges, it is obvious, of course. that the system could be employedequally as well for the lubrication-of other points of a vehicle, andthe term used 1. e. wheel flanges, should not be interpreted asrestrictive in any sense. As stated before the system is equally asapplicable to vehicles not running on tracks but in which relativemovements between different points of vehicle body and its support canbe obtained.
Moreover, while I have shown an oil reservoir separate from the pump, itcan be made part of the pump housing, or an independent supply pump maybe used to furnish oil to the pump of the system in w ich case thepiston serves as a distributing means for the oil to the rotarydistributor.
Many other changes and minor details of construction may be resorted towithout departing from the principles or sacrificing any of theadvantages of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
What I claim as new is:
1. In a system for lubricating the wheel flanges of a vehicle havingwheels mounted in a frame supporting the vehicle body, devices adaptedto discharge oil against the wheel flanges, a pump mounted upon theframe supplying oil to each of the devices, mechanism to operate thepump actuated by the relative movements of two points on the frame. andmechanism connecting a point on the frame and a point on the vehiclebody with the pump to adjust the amount of oil discharged by the pump inproportion to the relative movement between the vehicle body and theframe.
2. In a system for lubricating the wheel flanges of a vehicle havingwheels mounted in a frame supporting the vehicle body, devices adaptedto discharge oil against the wheel flanges, a pump mounted upon theframe having an inlet, a plurality of outlets in communication with thedevices, a
' cylinder, a piston within-the cylinder, a shaft piston in proportionto the relative movement between vehicle body and frame.
3. In a system for lubricating the wheel flanges of a vehicle havingwheels mounted in a frame supporting the vehicle body, devices adaptedto discharge oil against the wheel flanges, a pump mounted upon theframe having an inlet, a plurality of outlets in communication with thedevices, a cylinder, a piston within the cylinder, a shaft adapted toreciprocate the piston, operating mechanism for the shaft actuated bythe relative movements of two points on the frame, a. rotary distributorinterposed between the cylinder and the plurality of outlets havingports communicating with the cylinder, gearing between the shaft and thedistributor adapted to bring the ports in communication with theplurality of outlets in timed relation with the reciprocation of thepiston, and mechanism connecting a point on the frame and a point on thevehicle body with the pump to adjust the reciprocatory stroke of thepiston in proportion to the relative movement between vehicle body andframe. I
4. In a system for lubricating the wheel flanges of a vehicle havingwheels mounted in a frame supporting the vehicle body, devices adaptedto and mechanism connecting a point on the frame discharge oil againstthe wheel flanges, a pump mounted upon the frame having an inlet, aplurality of outlets in communication with the devices, a cylinder, 9.piston within the cylinder, a shaft adapted to reciprocate the piston,operating mechanism for the shaft actuated by the relative movements oftwo points on the frame, a ro- -tary distributor interposed between thecylinder and the plurality of outlets having ports communicating withthe cylinder, gearing between the shaft and the distributor adapted torotate the distributor at a relation of 1 divided by the number ofoutlets, 1 being a cycle of reciprocation of the piston, to bring one ofthe ports in communication with one of the outlets during onereciprocation of the piston, and mechanism connecting a point on theframe and a point on the vehicle body with the pump to adjust thereciprocatory stroke of the piston in proportion to the relativemovement between vehicle body and frame.
'6. In a system for lubricating the wheel flanges of a vehicle havingwheels mounted in a frame supporting the vehicle body, devices adaptedto discharge oil against the wheel flanges, a pump mounted .upon theframe having a reciprocatory piston supplying oil to each of thedevices, means to regulate the reciprocatory stroke of the piston,
and a point on the vehicle body with the regulat- "ing meansto adjustthe amount of oil discharged rality of outlets in communication with thedevices, a cylinder, a piston within the cylinder, a
shaft adapted to reciprocate the piston, operating mechanism for theshaft actuated by the relative movements of two points on the frame, arotsry distributor interposed between the cylinder and the plurality ofoutlets having ports communicating with the cylinder, gearing betweenthe shaft and the distributor adapted to bring one of the ports incommunication with one of the outlets during one reciprocation of thepiston, and mechanism connecting a point on the frame and a, point onthe vehicle body with the pump to adjust the reciprocatory stroke of thepiston in proportion to the ole body and frame.
5. In a system for lubricating the wheel flanges relative movementbetween vehiof a vehicle having wheels mounted in a frame supporting thevehicle body, devices adapted to discharge 011 against the wheelflanges, a pump mounted upon the frame having an inlet, a plul bythepump in proportion to the relative movement between the vehicle bodyand the frame.
, Y HOWARD REFERENCES :CITED The following references are of record inthe file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,295,211 Riedler Feb. 25, 19191,738,735' Scoville Dec. 10, 1929 1,823,157 McGinnis Sept. 15, 19311,877,848 Gilliam Sept. 20, 1932 2,306,013 Caprez Dec. 22, 1942 FOREIGNPATENTS Number Country Date 308,763 Great Britain Aug. 22, 1929 GreatBritain Dec. ,7, 1933
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2024-03-22
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1947-07-11
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1948-12-07"
}
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US-23684562-A
|
Mill layout
June 8, 1965 E. c. PETERSON ETAL MILL LAYOUT Filed Nov. 13, 1962 6Sheets$heet 1 INVENTORS EDWARD C. PETERSON WILLIAM H. BOBLITZ BYATTORNEY- June 8, 1965 E. c. PETERSON ETAL 8 MILL LAYOUT Filed Nov. 15,1962 e Sheets-Sheet 2 Egg/ VTL
'LTTH INVENTORS M EDWARD C. PETERSON WILLIAM H. BOBLITZ June 8, 1965 E.c. PETERSON ETAL 3,187,541
MILL LAYOUT Filed Nov. 13, 1962 e Sheets-Sheet s a l g k}. C k #:j- :"j
N\\ N l G INVENTORS EDWARD C. PETERSON June 8, 1965 I E. c. PETERSONETAL 3,
MILL LAYOUT 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed NOV- 13, 1962 INVENTORS EDWARD C.PETERSON WILLIAM H. BOBLITZ J1me 1965 E. c. PETERSON ETAL 3,187,541
MILL LAYOUT 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed NOV. 13, 1962 INVENTORS EDWARD C.PETERSON WILLIAM H. BOBLITZ fil U. M&\ van I. I I w \w\ Q L a L? L \m ww\\ \w June 8, 1965 E. c. PETERSON ETAL 3,137,541
MILL LAYOUT 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed NOV. 13, 1962 United States Patent FThe present invention relates to mill layouts for metal rolling mills.
A purpose of the invention is to increase the flexibility in operating ametal rolling mill.
A further purpose is to permit installation of the equipment of a metalrolling mill in stages, so that a reasonable degree of utility can beobtained with a minimum of equipment at the beginning and greaterutility can be se Patented June 8, 1965 2 the portion of the mill of'thesecond form to the right of that shown in FIGURE 2' in the second set ofdrawings.
FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary plan mill layout showing the third form ,ofinstallation of the mill of the invention,
.. the view illustrating the portion of the mill to the left of thethird set of drawings. a
cured with a minimum of additional equipment and employing double orconjoint use of as much ofthe equipment as possible.
A further purpose is to reduce the time in changing the rolls whenchanging from one product to another in metal rolling mills. j
A further purpose is to provide a roughing mill which discharges to afirst mill table in line with the roughing mill, which in turndischarges toa continuous mill in prolongation of the first mill table,which in turn feedsthe inlet to a looping finishing mill which has-afinishing stand in line with and feedingito' a second mill table whichconnectsto a cooling bed, andthento provide a lateral transfer from thefirst mill table to feed an intermediate .roll stand which is in linewith the finishing stand of the looping finishing mill and also'in linewith the second mill table.
A further purpose is to provide a second roughing mill stand which willcooperate with the lateral transfer and the intermediate mill stand. i
A further purpose is to employ an intermediate mill which is larger thanthe finishing stand of the looping finishing mill and to replace thefinishing stand of the looping finishing mill with a larger mill standat the same position.
A further purpose is to use a continuous finishing mill which has both ahorizontal mill stand and a vertical edger. a A further purpose is tomake one or more repeaters and guides of the looping finishing millslide out of the way to permit the stock from the continuousfinishingmillto enter the finishing stand of the looping finishing mill.
Further purposes appear in the specification and in the claims. I r i aIn the drawings I have chosen to illustrate one only of the numerousembodiments in which the invention may appear, selecting the form shownfrom the standpoints of convenience in illustration, satisfactoryoperation and clear demonstration of the principles involved.
FIGURES 1 and 1a comprise a first set of drawings,
FIGURE 32: is a plan mill layout showing the third I 1 form of theinstallation of the mill equipment, and illustrating the portion oftheequipment in the center of the third set of drawings, FIGURE 311 beingto the right of FIGURE 3. t
FIGURE 3b is a plan mill layout showing the third form of installationof the mill equipment, the portion shown being to the right of thatillustrated in FIGURE 3a in the third set of drawings.
FIGURE 4 is a plan view showing an alternate layout for the loopingfinishing mill.
Because of the large capital invested, many rolling mills find itdiflicult to expand to produce a diversified product line. Many of theexisting mill layouts are objectionable because the layouts are notflexible as to the production of difierent types of rolled stock. Oneof'the advantages of the invention is to give a wide diversity of typesof stock which can be produced.
Also many of theprior art rolling mills are not effective 1 fromthestandpoint of utilization of mill equipment when changing fromone typeof product to another. In such prior art mills a large proportion ofthetotal equipment is inactive when a limited number of productlines arebeingproduced. The present invention is concerned particularly withmaking double or conjoint use of equipment wherever possible. I j V Insome of the prior art mill layouts, it is necessary to stop alloperation when changing rolls or adjusting guides.
, One of the advantages of the present mill layout is that a substantialamount of roll changing or guide changing can be accomplished whilebypassing the mill stands on which roll changing is taking place, and atthe same time FIGURES 2 and 2acomprise a second set of drawings,
drawings.
FIGURE 1a is a fragmentary plan mill layout "of the first form whichshows the portion of the mill at the right of the portion shown inFIGURE 1 of the first set of drawings.
FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary plan mill layout showing i the second form ofthe installation of the mill of the invention, illustrating the portionof the mill to the left in the second set of drawings.
FIGURE 2a is a fragmentary plan mill layout showing continuing toproduce useful products from the mill.
, According to the invention, the customer in buying the mill, need makeonly a minimum initial expenditure and still he obtains a useful, basicmill. By two additional steps, the capabilities of the mill can beincreased, both as "to product, types, and size of rolled stock.
In the basic mill of form 1, a roughing mill stand discharges on a milltable to anintermediate continuous mill, which in turn feeds a loopingfinishing mill discharging to asecond mill table which feeds a coolingbed.
I In the second step, advantage is taken ofthe lateral zig-zagconfiguration of the looping finishing mill to permit the installationof a lateral transfer device from the first run-in table, and acontinuous finishing mill is fed by the lateral transfer device whichutilizes the position of the'finishing stand bf thel looping finishingmill, the repeater being slid out of the way. Thus it is possible toroll on the lateral transfer and the continuous finishing mill whilechanging rolls on the intermediate continuous mill and on the early millstands of the looping finishing mill.
In the third form of installation of equipment, a second roughing millstand is introduced and the. number of stands of the intermediatecontinuous mill desirably increased. As a desirable feature also coilingequipment is installed in the third step. t q
Referring now particularly to the first form of installation as shown inFIGURES 1 and 1a, billets are loaded on loading skids 20 and dischargedby feeding mechanism 21 into the paths of double pushers 22 of a doubleslide billet heating furnace 23 well known in the art. At the outlet endof the furnace the billets now heated to hot rolling temperature aredischarged by billet ejector 24 on to run-in table 25 and past billetturnaround 26 all well known in the art. I
Run-in table'25 feeds the billet to roughing rolling mill stand 26'driven in well known manner'by motor 27 and speed reducer 28 underthecontrol of an operator in pulpit StlfThe roughing mill is suitably ofthe threehigh type and has a tilting or lift table 31 as well known inthe art.
, The roughing mill stand 26' discharges the stock to m'ill'table 32which is sometimes referred to herein as the first? mill table, pastcropping shear 33 to mill the equipment of the continuous mill.
The stock passes to looping fininshing mill' il of a character in itselfwell known in the art, which suitably has a first roll stand 42, asecond roll stand 43, a third roll stand 44 and a finishing roll stand45 which are suitably. connected by a transfer guide 46, a firstescapement repeater 47, a first inlet guide 48, a second transfer guide50, a second escapement repeater 51, a second inlet guide 52, a thirdtransfer. guide 53, a third escapement repeater 54, a third inlet guide55, a fourth transfer guide 56, a final escapement repeater 57, a fourthinlet guide 58 and a mill table 60 to a flying shear 61. The mill table6;;19 is sometimes called the second mill table.
For reasons which will later be more clearly set forth,
the repeater 57 is mounted to move laterally out of the way on tracks62sothat it can remain in operative position as shown in FIGURE 1a or beshifted so' as to uncover the inlet side of finishing mill 45. For this.purpose fourth inlet guide 58 is also mounted on track 63 so that itwill. move to the side along with repeater 57 when they are to bedisplaced. .Such track moving repeaters are in themselves well known inthe art.
The mills will be drivenin any suitablemanner of which FIGURE 1a shows asuitable indication.
v A motor 80 drives speed reducer 81 which in turn drives the millstands 42, 43 and 44. Likewise, a motor 82,
" preferably an adjustable speed type, combined with a speed reducerdrives finishing mill stand 45.
The mill table 69 feeds, by suitable kickofi means as are Well known, tocooling bed 83., and from the cooling bed the stock is taken by milltable 84 through cold bar shear 85 to cradles 86 as .well known.
-It will be evident that the mill layout of FIGURES 1 and la is acompletely operatiye mill which is capable of producing many products. Vr
Using an 18 inch three high roughing stand and a 12 inch intermediatecontinuous mill having three stands and a looping finishing mill havingfour stands, typical products are as follows:
Products The second step in the expansion of the mill layout of theinvention contemplates the provision of alternate means forshortcircuiting the intermediate continuous mill and the loopingfinishing mill through another mill which can operate while rollchanging or other adjustments are accomplished on the intermediatecontinuous mill and the looping finishing mill.
Thus, as shown in FIGURES 2 and 2a there is no change in the heatingfurnace setup or in the roughing mill.
mented'to complete the continuous finishing mill byvertical edger 103driven by adjustable speed motor 1M and speed reducer 105. The milltable continues between the continuous finishing. roll'stand 10!) andthe vertical edger 1&3 and beyond the vertical edger 103.
The repeater 57 and the inlet guide 58 move together tothe side out ofthe'way and inlet guide 106 connected thereto moves with them into thepath of the stock cozning from vertical edger 193 to finishing rollstand 45;
' In the preferred embodiment of FIGURE 2a, the continuous finishingmill stand 1% is of larger capacity than the finishing mill stand asused with the looping finishing mill so as to permit finishing materialof larger crosssectional area -.and dimensions than possible with thefinal roll stand of the looping finishing mill. Thus, if the finishingstand 45 when used with the looping finishingmill is a 10 finishingstand, the horizontal mill stand 100 and the vertical edger 103 for thecontinuous finishing mill will conveniently be 14 mills. Then in orderto get the most out of the finishing stand' of' the looping l, finishingmill the 10'. finishing stand 45 is conveniently replaced by a 14"finishing stand when the continuous finishing mill is used, and whichmay be fitted with appropriate rolls and guides prior, to theinterchange.
.Thus there are two alternate procedures available in FIGURES 2 and 2a.The stock may for example pass through a 12". intermediate continuousmill and a 10".
looping finishing. mill, or it may pass through a 14" continuousfinishing mill with a 14" finishing stand in place of the final stand ofthe looping finishing mill. In
the latter case the types of products which can be made will differsomewhat from those .which can bemade from the continuous mill plus thelooping finish-ing mill. EX- amples of the product line'from theintermediate continuous finishing mill and the finishing standof thelooping finishing mill using an 18", three-high roughing stand and .14"mill where required, a 14 vertical mill where required; a 12"intermediate continuous mill, and a looping finishing mill having fourstands, are as follows:
Product Rebars: /2", 4', Ma", 1", 1%"
It will be noted that in making this change-over it is only necessary tochange'from the 10'. to the 14 finishing stand in the looping finishingmill, by bringing in a new roll stand by the crane,
- The mill layout of the invention can be further eX- panded as shown inFIGURES 3, 3av and 3b.
In this instance the heating equipment remains the same but anadditional'zroughing mill stand has been added, connected to aniadditional speed reducer 121 A lateral transfer device 87, well known inthe art,
driven by motor 27, and bar turners have been introduced at 122, 123 and12.4. This permits a more rapid breakdown of the billet, or startingwith larger billets, as desired.
In FIGURE 3a the intermediate continuous mill has been expanded tointroduce an additional mill stand 125 driven from the same speedreducer 38, with corresponding shortening of mill table 32.
Optional coiling equipment 126 has been added including coile-rs 127 topermit taking off coilable rod directly beyond the flying shear 61.
By taking form as shown in FIGURES 2 and 2a, it will be possible tochange much more quickly from one product to another, since thecontinuous finishing mill can be used while the intermediate continuousmill and the remainder of the looping finishing mill are undergoingr-oll changing or other modifications.
Finally, the additional roughing stand and the additional continuousmill stand of the form shown in FIG- URES 3, 3a and 3b will permit theuse of larger billets or the production of smaller rolls from the samesize billets.
If the coilers are added, then of course coiled rod can be produced.
I In some cases it will be more convenient to set up the loopingfinishing mill with the individual mill stands in line-rather than instaggered relationas shown in FIGURE 4, driving from motors and speedreducer-s 81 and 82' at the opposite sides of the looping finishingmill, motor 82 preferably being an adjustable speed type. In othercases, it may be convenient to eliminate the three or tour standintermediate continuous mill.
In view of our invention and disclosure, variations and modifications tomeet individual whim or particular need will doubtless become evident toothers skilled in the art, to obtain all or part of the benefits of myinvention without copying the structure shown, and we, therefore, claimall such insofar as they fall within the reasonable spirit and scope ofmy claims.
Having thus described my invention what we claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:
1. In a rolling mill layout, a roughing mill, a first mill tablereceiving the stock from the roughing mill, a first finishing mill withinlet in prolongation of the first mill table receiving the stock fromthe first mill table, and having a finishing mill stand laterallydisplaced from the inlet and receiving the stock passing through thefirst finishing mill, a second mill table receiving the output from thefinishing mill stand of the first finishing mill, in combination with alateral transfer device receiving the stock from the first mill tableand transferring the stock laterally before the stock enters the firstfinishing mill, and a continuous finishing mill receiving the stock fromthe lateral transfer device and discharging the stock to the second milltable. I
2. A mill layout of claim 1, in which the continuous finishing mill isof larger capacity than the finishing mill stand of the first finishingmill, in combination with a substitute finishing mill stand for thefirst finishing mill which receives the stock from the continuousfinishing mill and discharges the stock to the second mill table.
3. A mill layout of claim 1, in which the continuous finishing mill isof larger capacity than the finishing stand of the first finishing mill.
4. A mill layout of claim 1, in which the continuous finishing millcomprises a horizontal mill stand and a vertical edger.
5. A mill layout of claim 1, in which the first finishing mill is alooping mill and has a repeater ahead of the finishing stand, incombination with slide means for moving the repeater out of the pathfrom the continuous finishing mill to the finishing stand.
6. A mill layout of claim 5, in which the first finishing mill has aninlet guide between the repeater and the finishing stand, said inletguide moving with said slide means when the repeater moves out of thepath between the continuous finishing mill and said finishing stand.
7. A mill layout of claim 6, in combination with an auxiliary guidemoving with said slide means interposed between said continuousfinishing mill and said finishing stand when said repeater moves out ofsaid path.
8. A mill layout of claim 1, in combination with an additional roughingmill stand on said roughing mill.
9. In a rolling mill layout, a roughing mill, at first mill table inprolongation of the roughing mill, a first finishing mill with inlet inprolongation of the first mill table for receiving the stock from thefirst mill table, a looping finishing mill having an inlet from theoutlet side of the first finishing mill and having a finishing millstand laterally displaced from the inlet and receiving the stock passingthrough the first finishing mill, a second mill table receiving theoutput from the finishing stand of the first finishing mill, incombination with a lateral transfer device receiving the stock from thefirst mill table and trans ferring the stock laterally before the stockenters the first finishing mill and before it enters the loopingfinishing mill, and a continuous finishing mill receiving the stock fromthe lateral transfer device and discharging the stock to the second milltable.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,832,113 11/31George -37 1,910,889 5/33 Fisk 8037 FOREIGN PATENTS 570,771 12/57 Italy.
WILLIAM J. STEPHENSON, Primary Examiner.
1. IN A ROLLING MILL LAYOUT, A ROUGHING MILL, A FIRST MILL TABLERECEIVING THE STOCK FROM THE ROUGHING MILL, A FIRST FINISHING MILL WITHINLET IN PROLONGATION OF THE FIRST MILL TABLE RECEIVING THE STOCK FROMTHE FIRST MILL TABLE, AND HAVING A FINISHING MILL STAND LATERALLYDISPLACED FROM THE INLET AND RECEIVING THE STOCK PASSING THROUGH THEFIRST FINISHING MILL, A SECOND MILL TABLE RECEIVING THE OUTPUT FROM THEFINISHING MILL STAND OF THE FIRST FINISHING MILL, IN COMBINATION WITH ALATERAL TRANSFER DEVICE RECEIVING THE STOCK FROM THE FIRST MILL TABLEAND TRANSFERRING THE STOCK LATERALLY BEFORE THE STOCK ENTERS THE FIRSTFINISHING MILL, AND A CONTINUOUS FINISHING MILL RECEIVING THE STOCK FROMTHE LATERAL TRANSFER DEVICE AND DISCHARGING THE STOCK TO THE SECOND MILLTABLE.
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2024-03-22
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1962-11-13
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1965-06-08"
}
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US-1914819050-A
|
Process of crushing or dividing metal shavings or the like.
- .R. PHILIPP. PROGESS 0F CRUSHING 0R DIVIDING METAL SHAVINGS OR THELIKE.
APPLICATION FILED IEB.16, 1914.
Patented. Ma1n23, 1915.-
all/407111111111 Ill Ii" M I i r RICHARD PHILIPP, F ILMENAU, GERMANY.
PROCESS OF CRUSHING 0R DIVIDING METAL SHAVINGS OR THE LIKE.
lhl lljldl.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, RICHARD Pnimrr, a subject of the German Emperor,residing at Ilmenau, Thuringia, Germany, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Processes of Crushing or Dividing Metal IShavings or the like, of which the followin is a specification.
.he process of crushing metal shavings and waste forming the subject ofmy invention, is divided into two main stages. First, the metal shavingsare supplied to the crushing and reducing device, and second thecrushing process proper is effected by said device.
According to my invention, metal shavings are introduced into a charginghopper. where they are seized by a spindle therein,
and owing to the rotation of the spindle are provided in the shell orcasing of a stationa a I 35's how details ary hollow milling head, whichgrooves decrease indepth toward the outlet and in which the shavings areforced forward by the hollow milling head, and are seized and crushed,by't-he cutting edges of the said head as they emerge from the grooves.
Several constructions according to the in-' vention are illustrated byway of example in the accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 shows partly-in longitudinal section a crushing-device forcarrying out the process" of the present invention. Fig. 2 shows, 'alsopartly in longitudinal section, a slightly. modified construction, whileof the milling-headand its casing.
The shavingsand the waste produced by modern metal working machines,such as lathes, boring machines, punching machines and the like, whichfelt together in largemasses difficult to handle, are introduced intothe casing of the crushing device. in the construction shown-in Fig. l,the casing is formed by the hopper 1. in thelatter a spindle 2 rotates,said spindle being provided Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented llllar. 23, 1915.
with longitudinal ribs 3 which engage the shavings so that they wind ortwist about the said spindle and come into contact with the ribs 4 ofthe casing 1. Owing to the helical disposition of the ribs 4, theshavings are pushed toward the tapering lower portion of the hopper lwhence they pass into the crushing portion of the device. While beingpushed toward the narrow end of the casing, the shavings are compressedand partly crushedqand broken by the ribs of the spindle and of thecasing, so that they are already crushed, to a certain extent, duringtheir advance. The crushing process itself will be explained withreference to the device shown in Fig. in the latter, the easing 1 whichis cylindrical in its upper portion, is conical at the lower end, and isprovided in its interior with helical ribs l. The spindle 2 rotating inthe interior of the casing, is also provided with helical radial ribs 3which extend to the milling head 5 located at the lower end of thespindle within the shell or casing 9. The ribs 4: of the casing 1 taperdownward, and form conduits 6 which taper in cross-section and decreasein depth. The shavings enter the said conduits, and are forced forward,through the conduits, until they reach the milling head 5, and areseized by the cutting edges 7 of the latter andv crushed. in theconduits 6 holes 8 may be provided to afford outlet to sufficientlycrushed shavings, and at the same time take an active part in thereduction. If desired, the milling head 5 may also be provided withholes 8 (Fig. 4). The ribs 10 inthe casing 9 of the milling head,between which the conduits 6 are situated, have their upper endsarranged in a common plane so as to form an annular grate (Fig. 5) whichprevents large pieces of metal from reaching the milling head. Thesemetal pieces remain here, until they are subsequently removed, or untilthey are milled to such an extent that they can safely pass the millinghead.
While in the construction shown in Fig. 1, p
the milling or reducing head has practically a cylindrical shape, themilling head shown in Fig. 2, has the shape approximately of an invertedtruncated cone, and the milling head in Fig. 4 forms an uprighttruncated cone. The rotating part can be driven 'nany desired manner.
What I claim is:
l. lhe herein-described process of crash 5' duceand'partially crushsame; and finally subjecting the reduced and partiallyecrushed 'shavingsat thecompletion of their feeding movement and of their said preliminaryreduction to a milling action, to complete the 10 crushing.
2; The herein-described process of crush- Ling metalshavings whichconsists in feed .ingthe shavings in a spiral path and simultaneouslysubjecting them to'a preliminary 1 rubbing, cutting and" crushing actionof gradually increasing intensity to reduce and partially crushthefsame; and finally subjecting the reduced and partially crushedshavings at the completion of their feeding movement and of their saidpreliminary reduction to a milling action to complete the crushing.
3. The herein-described process of crushing'metal shavings whichconsists in causing the shavings to continuously move along a definitepath, in simultaneously subjectm the shavings during the greater part oftheir movement to a preliminary rubbing, cutting and crushing action toreduce and partially crush the same, and in finally subjecting thereduced and partially. crushed shavings during the remainder of theirmovement to a milling action, to complete the crushing.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses. i I
RICHARD PHILIPP.
Witnesses MARox PHILIPP,
ERNST EBERHARDT.
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2024-03-22
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1914-02-16
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1915-03-23"
}
|
US-6681815-A
|
Building-block.
G. BACEGAL'UPU.
BUILDING BLOCK.
APPLICATION FILED 054:. 14. 1915.
1,269,674. 'PatemdJune-ls, 1913.
GIUSEPPEIBACIGALUPO, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.
, BUILDING-Brock.
Application filed December 14, 1915. Serial No. 66,818. I
To all who m it may concern:
'Be it known that I, Grosnrrn BAOIGALUPO, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in the city and county of San Francisco, and State ofCalifornia, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Buildin Blocks,of which'the following is a'spec" cation.
My invention relates to improved building brick by means of whichornamental and artistic designs may be produced; and the objects of myinvention are- First, to provide an improved building brick of a new anduseful shape.
Second, to provide a building brick by means of which various designsand combinations may be produced.
Third, to provide a hollow tile building unit adapted to be rigidlysecured, by means of plaster, cement or the like, to similar tiles orbricks.
Fourth, to provide a building unit of the character described adapted toproduce a garden wall or the like having chambers, wherein plants,flowers or the like may be caused to grow.
In carryin out the invention I make a brick of we ge shape, hollow andopen on web to form a plurality of chambers and supporting means for theends of the adjacent brick and in the apex of the wedge I leave anorifice for a purpose which will appear farther on. My wall is built upof these bricks, laid, one row with base down and the next row with thebase up, :|lter nately, till the requisite height is attained.
In the accompanying one sheet of drawing I have illustrated a brick anda wall, containing my invention.
Figure 1 is a broken plan view of the building unit disclosing the formand construction thereof.
Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of Fig. 1 disclosing the open face sidethereof.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of one of the inclined sides of the unitdisclosing the longitudinally disposed grooves thereln.
Fig. 4 is a broken view of a number of units secured together in theform of a garden wall or the like.
Speciflcation of Letters l atent.
Patented June 18, 1918.
tail; grooves 3. The walls 2 converge may point 4 in the approximatecenter of which is an orifice 6 which may be used for various purposes.p The bottom of the brick'is open as at 7. What may be designated asthefront 8 and back'9' of the brick is likewise provided withlongitudinally disposed grooves 11. An inner central web 12 is providedto form a plurality of chambers and also to support the adjacent brick.
In laying up a wall it will be observed that the bricks fit together,being set alternately base down and base up, the end of the edge wall ofeach brick resting upon the end of the web of a brick in the nextadjacent row. The wall is thus composed of bricks of a single form,securely bound together by cementing material or otherwise inserted inthe groove above mentioned, and is of cellular construction. The cellsor chambers are formed by the edge walls, side walls and webs of theadjacent bricks.
The top of the wall may be left serrated by leaving out the top layer ofinverted bricks in which case a serrated wall such as is sometimes usedin country estates is produced, which is diflicult to scale therebyaffording a protecting wall without setting the usual form of buildingtile or brick on edge or at an angle. I
Ifa flat top is desired each serration is fitted with an inverted brickor tile which will leave the open bottom sides of the bricks uppermost,thus producing a series of pockets or recesses within which earth may beplaced for the cultivation of vines, plants or the like therebyproducing an artistic and pleasing efiect.
The variations of the various ornamental designs capable of beingproduced by artisans skilled in the art are only limited by theimagination of the designer.
It is evident from the foregoing that I have provided an improvedbuilding unit, brick or tile adapted to various usages and havingadvantages not heretofore contained or found in common building bricks.
Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. A wall composed of wedge shaped bricksarranged in alternately reversed positions, each of said brickscomprising parallel side walls, diverging end walls, an p n. base and ahollow interior, whereby the top row of inverted bricks provide a seriesof open receptacles integral with the Wall. i a '7 2. A Wall composed ofWedge shaped bricks arranged in alternately reversed position, each ofsaid bricks comprising parallel side Walls, diverging end Walls, an openbase and a hollow interior and having an internal Web extending fromapex to base, and an opening at the apex whereby the top row of invertedbricks provide a series of open receptacles integral with the Wall.
3. A vertical Wall composed of chambered Wedge shaped bricks arranged inhorizontal Copiesof this: patent may be obtained for rows and setalternately base dovvn and base up, each of said bricks comprisingparallel side Walls,-dive1-gingu end1Walls, an open base and a hollowinterior and having an internal Web extending from apex to base and anopening at the apex, forming a series of" receptacles integral With theivalhand supporting means for the ends of the adnature.
GIUSEPPE BACIGALUPO.
five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Iatents. 7Washington, D. G. i i
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2024-03-22
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1915-12-14
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1918-06-18"
}
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US-35423853-A
|
Cam actuated quick acting bench vise
Jan. 8, 1957 w. J. HAYNES CAM ACTUATED quzcx ACTING BENCH VISE 2Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 11, 1955 INVENTOR, lfl/lla/w @1165.
Way/gym Jan. 8, 1957 w. HAYNES 2,776,684
CAM ACTUATED QUICK ACTING BENCH VISE Filed May 11, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2I INVENTOR, lax/fie J/V a/mn MJM Avior/7 United States Patent CAMACTUATED QUICK ACTING BENCH VISE William J. Haynes, Bonner Springs,Kans., assignor to Leavenworth Steel, Inc., Kansas City, Kans., acorporation of Kansas Application May 11, 1953, Serial No. 354,238
3 Claims. (Cl. 144-307) This invention relates to new and usefulimprovements in bench vises, and has particular reference to a benchvise wherein the width of a board or other object being clamped iseasily and quickly accommodated by means of an adjustably wedge block.
Another object of the present invention is the provision of a bench visehaving an operating lever adapted to cooperate with wedges formed on aclamping plate to bind work in said vise.
Other objects are case and economy of manufacture, efiiciency and speedof operation, and adaptability for use in clamping work within a largerange of widths.
With these objects in view, as well as other objects which will appearin the course of the specification, reference will be had to thedrawing, wherein:
Fig. l is a plan view of a bench vise embodying the present invention,in position on a bench.
Fig. 2 is an elevational view of the bench vise shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken on line III-III of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the disassembled wedge and vise bedplate anchored to a bench.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the clamp plate.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the operating lever.
Throughout the several views of the drawing like reference numeralsrefer to similar parts, and the numeral 10 designates a bench having asuitable top member 12 on which is securely fixed the metal vise bedplate 14 by means of screws 16, the forward edge portion of said bedplate being bent downwardly to form an apron 18 secured to the edge ofbench member 12 by means of screws 20. This apron 18 is perforatedcentrally by a square hole 22 to receive the squared shoulder 24 ofwagon bolt 26. The lower corner portions of apron 18 are ofiset to formledges 28, and said apron is offset outwardly intermediate said ledgesat 30 to form a pivotal hearing or fulcrum for the lower edge portion ofthe planar clamping plate 32, which rests on ledges 28. The outer edgesof plate 32 are reinforced by outwardly formed ribs 34 pressed into theplate. A hole 36 is formed through plate 32 adjacent its central portionto receive bolt 26 loosely therethrough. Operating lever 38 isperforated at 40 for positioning on bolt 26, with thumb nut 42 screwedthereon to rest against lever 38. It will be noted that the handleportion 44 of lever 38 is offset outwardly to clear the bench parts 10,also the planar portion 46 of lever 38 is adapted to cooperate withraised, inclined arcuate wedges 58 and 60 of plate 32 to force saidplate inwardly against the work W p0- sitioned against the wedge 48.
Referring to Figs, 1, 3 and 4, it will be noted that rear flange 50 ofthe bed plate is inclined forwardly from the vertical to present anundercut to receive the inclined edge wall 52 of wedge 48 to insure thatthe bottom 54 of said wedge will hug the face of the bed plate at alltimes. The front wall 56 of said wedge is ver- 2,776,684 Patented Jan.8, 1957 tical and disposed at a right angle to bed plate 14, andparallel to apron 18. The inclined wedges 58 and 60 are pressed into theface of clamping plate 32 adjacent hole 36 in diametrically opposedrelation so that as operating lever 38 is rotated anti-clockwise it willride on wedges 58 and 60 to force said clamping plate against the work Wto clamp it in the vise. The operator, by adjusting thumb nut 42 caneasily regulate the clamping position of lever 38 to a convenient angle.It will be noted that the work as shown in Fig. 3 extends forwardly ofapron 18 so that the clamping plate 32 will be substantially parallelwith said apron when in the clamping position as shown.
When it is desired to use the vise the work may be positioned againstplate 32, then wedge 48 is moved to a snug position against the work.Now nut 42 may be adjusted to properly adjust the operating leverrelative to wedges 58 and 60. As the lever is rotated anti-clockwise itwill tighten plate 32 against the work to secure the same tightly in thevise. The work is shown extending above the clamping means so that itsextending edge may be planed or otherwise worked on without anyinterference from the vise parts.
While I have shown and described a specific embodiment of my invention,it is apparent that many minor modifications of structure and operationcould be made without departing from the spirit of the invention asdefined by the scope of the appended claims.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A bench vise comprising a bed plate adapted to be rigidly secured tothe top of a bench and having an apron depending at the front of saidbench and an upturned flange at the rearward edge thereof, a clampingplate mounted on said apron for movement relative thereto, a wedge blockmounted on said bed plate for adjustment whereby the forward facethereof is moved toward and from said clamping plate, and a camoperating means carried by said apron and operable to adjust saidclamping plate relative to said apron, to move it against work mountedin said vise between said wedge and said clamping plate, whereby saidwork is securely held.
2. A bench vise comprising a formed bed plate adapted to be rigidlysecured to the top of a bench and having a depending apron at the frontof said bench and an upturned forwardly inclined flange at the rearthereof, said rear flange being disposed longitudinally at an angle tosaid apron, a wedge shaped block mounted on said bench plate to fitsnugly along said flange with its forward edge disposed in substantiallyparallel relation with said apron, a clamping plate mounted on saidapron for movement relative thereto to engage and clamp work positionedin said vise between said block and said clamping plate, and anoperating lever pivotally carried by said apron to engage wedges formedin said clamping plate and operable to bind the work in said vise.
3. A bench vise comprising a planar bed plate adapted to be securedrigidly to a horizontal surface of a bench, said bed plate having adepending planar apron secured thereto along the forward edge thereofand at right angles thereto and an upstanding forwardly inclined flangesecured thereto along the rearward edge thereof, said rear flange alsobeing inclined relative to said apron in a plane parallel to said bedplate, a wedge block carried slidably on said bed plate, said blockhaving a rear face inclined to lie in planar contact with said rearflange as the forward face thereof is parallel to said apron, said apronhaving supporting ledges formed at the lower edge thereof and ahorizontal, forwardly extending fulcrum formed intermediate said ledges,a bolt secured centrally in said apron and extending forwardlytherefrom, a generally planar clamping plate disposed substantiallyparallelsto said apron, being supported at its lower edge on said ledgesand extending above said bed plate, said clamping plate bearing againstsaid fulcrum and being perforated whereby to receive said bolt loosely,said clamping plate having a forwardly inclined arcuate wedge formed onthe forward surface thereof concentrically with said bolt, and a levercarried r0tatably on the forwardly extending end of said bolt andoperable when turned to engage said wedges to pivot said clamping platerearwardly.
UNITED STATES PATENTS Moore et a1. Aug. 9, 1898 Mackay Aug. 5, 1913Lawson Oct. 31, 1916 Cowles J an. 24, 1922 Sutton Nov. 18, 1941 FOREIGNPATENTS Italy Dec. 18, 1946
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2024-03-22
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1953-05-11
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1957-01-08"
}
|
US-14115417-A
|
Classifier and separator.
C. ALLEN- CLASSIFIER AND SEPARATOR,
APPLICATION FILED JAN. 81:917-
Patnted Mar. 19:, 1918.
2 SHEETS-SHEET i- IN VEN TOR hamies fliiem,
WITNESSES:
C. ALLEN.
CLASSIFIER AND SEPARATOR.
APPLICATION FILED JANKB. 1917.
1,259,79. Patented Mar. 19,1918.
2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
WITNESSES: IN V EN TOR CHARLES ALLEN, OF EL PASO, TEXAS.
GLASSIFIER AND SEPARATOB.
Specification of Letters latent.
Patented Mar. 19, 1918.
Application filed January 8, 191 Serial No. 141,154.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, CHARLES ALLEN, a citizen of the United States,residing at El Paso, in the county of El Paso and State of Texas, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Classifiers and Separators, ofwhich the following is a specification.
This invention relates to devices used in mining for separating solidsand liquids in the treatment of pulp and slime's; and has for its objectto render the discharge orifice of the settling or separating tankadjustable and to make all parts which are subject to wear easy ofremoval and replacement.
In devices of this type an inverted coneshaped tank or a tank that is acombination of cone and cylinder is employed, the apex of which carriesa spigot for the discharge of the settling solids, the liquid andsuspended particles overflowing the top of the tank. Pulp is fed in acontinuous stream to the tank. It is desirable to vary the size of theopening of the spigot for different conditions of operation in orderthat the discharge of solids may be in proper proportion to the rate ofsettlement. This I accomplish by providing a swinging plate carrying two'spigots of different size m0vable into place beneath the apex of thecone and both removable from a socket in the plate, whereby other anddifferent sized spigots may be substituted and worn ones replaced. Alsoin devices of this kind as heretofore constructed. the valve eitherseats interiorly of the cone on the upper face of the spigot or if onthe lower face it is so fixed that it cannot be conveniently replaced,or without interruption of the normal operation of the cone, and sincethe wear in a device of this kind occurs almost wholly on the valve andspigot the device rendered useless during the replacement of the wornparts. By making the spigots removable and arranging the valve beneathto seat on the lower face exteriorly of the cone, I can employ removablevalves and spigots and also make the area of discharge opening,adjustable by hand to compensate for wear, without interrupting theoperation of the cone.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 shows a vertical, sectional view of the lower portion of thetank fitted with a swinging plate carrying a plurality of removablespigots. i
Fig. 2 shows an inverted plan view of the same.
Fig. 3 shows a view, similar to Fig. 1, with a ball valve carriedremovably on a lever arm and seating against the lower, outer end of thespigot.
Fig. l shows a vertical, sectional view of a complete device, includingthe removable and adjustable spigots, a ball valve capable of removaland adjustment, and automatic mechanism for controlling the position ofthe valve.
A cone-shaped tank 10, of any suitable form such as is used inclassifiers, slime separators, slime thickeners and the like, has itsapex provided with a cone-shaped. casing 11, the lower end of whichcarries a flange 12. Pivoted upon the flange, by
means of a bolt 13, is a plate 14 in the shape of a sector, which platehas two sockets shouldered at 15 to receive each a spigot 16, the latterbeing provided with a flange 17 resting upon the shouldered portion ofthe socket. These two spigots have discharge orifices 18, each of adilferent size, and either may be moved to position beneath the open endof the cone in register therewith. The sector has the opposite ends ofits arcuate portion provided with hooks 19 to cooperate with a clampingbolt 20 carried by the flange 12, diametrically opposite to the bolt 13and when one of the spigot-s is in operative position beneath the openend of the cone, the adjacent hookshaped member is engaged by theclamping bolt 20, whereby the plate is retained in position.
By reason of the shouldered socket in the plate 14 to receive theflanged spigot, said spigots are easily removable when the plate isswung from beneath the flange 12 of the casing 11. Therefore, newspigots may be substituted for worn ones or other spigots with differentsized orifices 17 may be made use of, whereby to vary the volume ofdischarge from the cone. Also the spigots may beremoved and the fullsize of the opening in the cone taken advantage of for discharging thematerial therefrom.
While it is within the purview of my invention to employ the removableand replaceable spigots without valve mechanism of any kind, merelymaking use of the different sized spigots in the same plate to regulatethe discharge, I may, and preferably do, employ in association therewitha valve of a type to be easily replaced and so arranged as to offer noobstruction to the swinging movement of the plate 14:.
As shown in Figs. 3 and 4:, this valve may comprise a ball 21,preferably of rubber or other elastic material, supported by a pin- Itle 22 removably carried on the intermediate portion of a lever arm 23,the latter tulcrumed at one end on a bracket 24c formed upon the-casing11 and havin its opposite end arranged to receive suitable operatingconnections. The ball valve 21 is rotatable upon its pintles to exposenew surfaces for wear against the spigot 16 and is readily removable forreplacement or to permit non-interference with the discharge from thespigot, the lever arm at this point being made in two bowed parts 25.
, As shown in Fig. i the ball valve 21 may be seated in a socket 26formed upon the lever arm, said socket being provided with an opening topermit the pulp and slime to pass through when the ball is removed. inthis form the ball. may be'turned in any direction to present newsurfaces to wear. Also in this form I have shown the lever arm .23connected to and operated by automatic mechanism 27, similar to thatshown and described in my Patent No. 1,1 17 ,356, issued July 20, 1915.Obviously a disk may be substituted for a ball,-such disk being maderemovable and its position changed without interfering with theoperation of the cone or swinging plate, and other changes in theconstruction and arrangement of the several parts herein shown anddescribed may be employed without departing fromthe spirit of myinvention as disclosed in the appended claims.
The purpose of varying the size of the spigot is to proportion thevolume or" discharge of solids in accordance with their rate ofsettlement, as otherwise a condition will exist where if the pulp beunusually thin and the rate of settlement of solids consequently slow,the volume of discharge will be too great and result in carrying offliquid and suspended particles at the bottom in stead .of the top of thetank, and, on the other hand, if the pulp be thicker than usual thenormal size spigot will clog-up or fail to discharge with sufficientrapidity.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim anddesire toisecure byLetters Patent is- 1. A separating and classifying device for pulpcomprising a settling tank having a discharge orifice at its bottom,means for supplying a continuous stream of pulp to the tank, the solidparticles settling to the bottom of the tank and escaping through theorifice therein and the liquid and suspended particles overflowing thetop of the tank, and means for varying the size of the discharge orificefor proportioning the discharge of solids in accordance with their rateof settlement, said means comprising a holdercarriedby-the tank, and aplurality of spigots of varying sizes removably car 'riedby the'holderand movable each into position beneath the discharge orifice.
2. A separating and classifying device for pulp. comprising a settlingtank having a discharge orifice at its bottom, means for supplying acontinuous streamof pulp to the tank, the solid particles settling tothe bottom of the tank and escaping through the orifice therein andtheliquid and suspended particles overflowing the top of the tank, andmeans for varying the size of the discharge orifice for proportioningthe discharge of solids in accordance with their rate of settlement,said means comprising a swinging holder carried by the tank, and aplurality of spigots removably carried in said holder and movable eachinto position beneath the discharge orifice, the spigot or spigots notin use being-exposed for removal and replacement without disturbing theoperation ofthe one in use.
3. A separating and classifying device for plup comprising a settlingtank having a discharge orifice at its bottom, means for supplying acontinuous stream of pulp to the tank, the solid particles settling tothe bottom of thetank and'escaping through the orifice thereinand-theliquid and suspended particles overflowing the top of the tank, andmeans for varying the size of the discharge orifice for vproportioningthe discharge of solids in accordance with their rate of settlement,said means comprising a swinging holder carried bythe tank, and aplurality of spigots removably carried in said holder and movable eachinto position beneath the discharge orifice, said spigots, by reason oftheir removability, being each replaceable by one :of a different sizeand those not in vuse at any particular time being exposed for removaland replacement without disturbing the operation of the-one in use.
4. Aseparatingand classifying device for pulp comprising a settling tankhaving a discharge orifice .at its bottom, means for supplying acontinuous stream of pulp to the tank, the solid particles settling tothe bottom ofthetankand escaping through the orifice thereinandtheliquid and suspended particles overfiowin the top of the tank, andmeans for varying the size of the discharge orifice for proportioningthe discharge of solids in accordance with their rate of settlement,said means comprising a swingingv plate carried by the tank and providedwith a pluralityofsockets, and a spigot removably inserted in each ofsaid sockets and movable into position beneath the discharge orifice,the spigot or spigots not in use being accessible from thetop to o. Aseparating and classifying device comprising a tank having a dischargeorifice its lower end, a sector plate carried by said tank and pivotallconnected thereto at the angle opposite to the arc and provided withhooks at the opposite ends of the arc to engage with clamping means onthe tank, shouldered sockets in the plate, and flanged spigots removablyseated in said sockets, each of said spigots being movable into registerwith the discharge orifice of the tank when the adjacent hook is broughtinto engagement with the clamping means.
6. A separating and classifying device comprising a tank having adischarge orifice at its lower end, a holder to removably receivespigots of different sizes whereby to vary the area of said dischargeorifice, a le ver arm below the spigot and connected with the rank, anda ball valve carried by said lever arm and adapted to seat against thespigot, and close the aperture therein regardless of the size of thesame.
7. A separating and classifying device comprising a tank having adischarge orifice at its lower end, a holder to removably receivespigots of different sizes whereby to vary the area of said dischargeorifice, a lever arm below the spigot and connected with the tank, and aball valve carried rotatably by said lever arm and adapted to seatagainst the spi ot, whereby to permit its position to be changed topresent a new surface for contact with the spigot.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.
CHARLES ALLEN.
WVitnesses:
A. H. SWETT, E. SHAW.
Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, 7 Washington, D. 0.
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2024-03-22
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1917-01-08
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1918-03-19"
}
|
US-32191428-A
|
Means for preventing radiointerference from electric motors
y 1930- A. .1. HASWELL 1,771,438
MEANS FOR PREVENTING RADIOINTERFERENCE FROM ELECTRIC MOTORS Filed Nov.26, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR BY AT TOR EY July 29, 1930. A; J,HASWELL 1,771,438
MEANS FOR PREVENTING RADIOINTERF'ERENCE FROM ELECTRIC MOTORS FiledjNov.26, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I!" ATTORNEY HM \NVENTOR v Patented July 29,1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ARTHUR JAMES HASWELL, 01' LONDON,ENGLAND, ASSIGNOB TO OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY, OF NEW'YOBK, N. Y.
MEANS FOR PREVENTING BADIOINTEBFEBENGE FROM ELECTRIC MOTORS Applicationfiled November 26, 1928, Serial in). 821,914, and in Great BritainJanuary 18, 192 8.
- This invention relates to means for controlling or preventingelectrical interference with wireless telegraphic or telephonicinstallations from operatin dynamoelectric machinery such as electricmotors. The object of the present invention is to obviate or cure thistrouble and to provide means in association with electric motors orother dynamo-electric machines, which are adapted to eliminate the kindof interference.
across the brushes of the motor static condensers of relatively lar ecapacity, grouped as in series, the connection tween the condensers beinmaintained at earth potential, but it has en found in practice that thismethod is not successful or is indiilerently or only partiallysuccessful The invention comprises a method of preventin interferencewith wireless installations rom operating electric motors consistingbroadly in eliminating electric oscillations by insulating the motorframe from earth and connecting the brushes in closed circuit with themotor frame through a capacity. I I
According to the invention the electric motor or other machine isinsulated both from its bed plate and power coupling, that is, thecasing of the machine is electrically isolated from earth, andcondensers are connected across the brush holders and have a commonreturn connection taken back to the insulated frame of the machine; p
The commutation'of the armature should be adjusted to prevent sparkingor to reduce the same to a minimum, the brush rocker bein located in oras near as possible to the neutra zone. The brushes to be employedshould be 'or condenser banks C and C,
of low density, such as for example brushes of graphite or graphitecomposition, so as to reduce resistance at the point of brush contact toas low an amount as practicable.
A further feature of the invention consists in providing means forautomatically earthmg the frame of the electric motor or otherdynamo-electric machine to avoidaccidents when the motor is not workingor when inspection is desired. 1
The value of he condenser capacity in the circuit may be variedaccording to the particular characteristics of the motor to be treatedbut a capacity should be chosen which is adapted to tune the closedcircuit to the frame such that the oscillations are inaudible in thereceiving set. i I
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 illustrates diagrammatically anelectric motor arranged according to an embodiment of the invention; f
Fi ure 2 is a diagram of the circuit in its aim ified form;
igure 3' illustrates di ammatically an electric motor and certain 0 itsassociated ap-' paratus arranged in accordance with the invention; and
Figure 4 and Figure 5 illustrate schematically alternative circuits forcausing the automatic operation of the grounding switch.
In carryingthe invention into efiect according to one method in whichit' is ap lied to an electric motor, the motor frame E Figurel) isinsulated from the bed late by suitable insulating material I. e brushesB and B are connected each to condensers respectively, which in thiscase are made u 0 parallel pairs of condensers in series. e condenseran!!! C and C are connected b the conducm tor L, and a common lead L omthe mid point L of this conductor is taken back to the motor carcass orcasing F as at L. In the common lead L. a condenser or condenser unitsC'may be introduced for'the purpose of as reducing or varying thecapacityof the closed circuit.
The condensers forming-the groups C, C are conveniently'supported on ablock of insulating material D and should be capable of 10a,
withstanding easily the electrical pressure of the supply. Thus, inapplying the invention to a direct-current ironclad motor of 4horsepower running on a 400 volt supply, the condensers chosen should becapable of withstanding 600 volts and have a capacity of the order oftwo microfarads each. The condenser C may be identical with the othercondensers. A high non-inductive resistance R, shown dotted in thedrawings, may be placed across the brushes of the motor to act as adamping resistance or to minimize the efiect of commutator ripple.
In Figure 2 the circuit is shown with the condenser omitted from thecommon lead. The frame F of the machine is assumed-to be insulated fromearth and the brushes B, B are connected through the condensers C C themidpoint L of the connection being taken back to a point L on the frameF. There need be no additional condenser in the common lead, if thecapacities of C and C, which are assumed equal, are chosen or selectedsuch that the oscillations in the closed circuit are not of a frequencyaudible in the receiving set.
Figure 3 diagrammatically illustrates an electric motor mounted with itsmotor frame F insulated from the grounded bed plate B by suitableinsulating material I, as in F igure 1, and also diagrammaticallyillustrates a manner by which the electric motor may be insulated fromits power coupling 11. As shown, this is effected by positioning a plateof insulating material 12 between the two flanges of the coupling, andby inserting suitably formed insulating bushes and washers 13 betweenthe coupling flanges and the coupling bolts. The motor frame F is thuselectrically isolated from earth.
In order to prevent accidents due to the motor frame becoming alive, aswitch S is provided for connecting the frame to earth when it isdesired to inspect the motor. The switch may be operated manually, or itmay be placed under automatic control, or both. In Figure 1 the switch Sis shown diagrammatically as a break in thegrounding circuit. Aconvenient mode of automatic control for the switch S is effected byactuating it by or in conjunction with a motor control switch. This isillustrated in Figure 3 wherein switch S is a set of contacts adapted tobe engaged by a bridge 16 of the electromagnetic switch 17. Theelectromagnetic switch 17 controls the operation of the motor by meansof its contact bridges in the motor circuits 18 and 19. As aresult ofthis arrangement, whenever the actuating coil of the electromagneticmotor control switch 17 is energized, the bridge 16 disengages from theS contactsto disconnect the motor frame F from the grounded motor bed B.When the actuating coil of the motor control switch is deenergized, thebridge drops back into engagement with the S contacts to ground themotor frame.
The switch S may be operated by means of a relay as a result of theoperation of the lighting switch for the room or area in which the motoris placed, so that anyone entering to inspect the motor, in switching onthe light, would automatically earth the motor frame. This manner ofautomatic control is illustrated in Figure 4, wherein the operation of aswitch 20 to cause the illumination of a bulb21 also causes theoperation of a relay 22. The relay 22 is provided with a contact bridge23, so that when the relay is operated the bridge 23 engages thecontacts S and connects the motor frame to ground.
Alternatively, the switch S may be automatically controlled by placing asmall relay in one of the control circuits of the installation. This isillustrated in Figure 5, wherein there is shown a relay 24 placed in acontrol circuit for the motor so that the relay is operated whenever thecontrol handle 25 is movedto start the motor. The relay is provided witha contact bridge 26 normally engaging the S contacts to ground the motorframe when the relay 24 is not operated and hence when the motor is notrunning. The operation of the relay 24 upon the starting of the motorcauses the bridge 26 to disengage the S contacts and thus to disconnectthe motor frame from the ground.
What is claimed is 1. Apparatus for preventing interference withwireless telephonic or telegraphic 1nstallations by an operatingelectric motor or dynamo-electric machine comprising, in combination,amachine having its frame insulated from earth, a connection forming aclosed circuit between the brushes and the frame and a condensercapacity in the closed circuit. I
2. Apparatus for preventing interference with wireless telephonic ortelegraphic 1nstallations by an operating electrromotor ordynamo-electric machine, comprising, in combination, a machine havingits frame 1nsulated from earth, a condenser capacity connected acrossthe brushes and a connectlon forming a closed circuit between saldcondenser capacityand the frame of themachine.
3. Apparatus for preventing interference with wireless telephonic ortelegraphic 1nstallations by an operating electriomotor or 1dynamo-electric machine comprising, 1n combination, a machine having itsframe 1nsulatedfromearth, a condenser capacity connected across thebrushes, :2. connection forming a closed circuit between the mid pointof said condenser ca acity and the frame of the machine, and a hnon-inductive resistance associated wit saidclosed c1rcuit.-- 4.Apparatus for preventing interference with wireless telephonic ortelegraphic installations by an operating electric motor ordynamo-electric machine comprising, in combination, means for insulatingthe 'frame of the machine from earth, a closed circuit between thebrushes and the frame, and a capacity in said closed circuit.
5. Apparatus for preventing interference with wireless telephonic ortelegraphic installations b an operating electric motor or dynamo-eectric machine comprising, in combination, a machine having its frameinsulated 'from earth, a plurality of condenser capacity units in seriesconnected across the brushes of said machine, a connection from a pointbetween the end condenser units to the machine frame, and condensercapacity inserted in said'connection.
6. Apparatus for preventing interference with wireless telephonic ortelegraphic installations by an operating electric motor or dnamo-electric machine comprising, in comb1nation, means for insulatingthe frame of the machine from earth, a connection from the brush of onepolarity to the frame, a capacit inserted in said connection, aconnection rom a brush of another polarity to the first namedconnection, and a capacity inserted in said second named connection.
7. Apparatus for preventing interference with wireless telephonic ortelegraphic installations by an operating electric motor comprising, incombination, means for insulating the motor frame from its support,means for insulating the armature of said motor from the shaftingmechanicall connected thereto, a plurality of condenser units in seriesconnected across the motor brushes, a connection from a point betweenthe end condenser units to the motor frame, and a condenser capacityinserted in said connec tion.
8. Apparatus for preventing interference with wireless telephonicortelegraphic installations by an operating electric motor ordynamo-electric machine comprising, in combination, means for insulatingthe structural parts of the machine from earth, a plurality of condensercapacity units in series. connected across the brushes of said machine,a connection from a point between the end-condenser units to the machineframe, condenser capacity inserted. in said connection, and a highnon-inductive resistance connected across the brushes of said machine.
-9. A -paratus for preventing interference second named connection, aconnection from said frame to earth, and a switch inserted in said\third named connection, said switch being adapted when closed to groundsaid frame.
10. Apparatus for preventin interference with wireless telephonic or teegraphic installations by an operating electric motor or dynamo-electricmachine comprising, in combination, means for insulating the frame ofthe machine from earth,-a closed circuit between the brushes and theframe, a capacity in said closed circuit, and means whereby the frame ofthe machine may be grounded.
11. Apparatus for preventing interference with wireless telephonic ortelegraphic installations by an operating electric motor ordynamo-electric machine comprising, in combination, means for insulatingthe frame of the machine from earth, a connection from the brush of onepolarity to the frame, a capacity insertedin said connection, aconnection from a brush of another polarity to the first namedconnection, a capacity inserted in said second named connection, acontrol switch for said machine, and means responsive to an operation ofsaid control switch to cause the grounding of said frame.
12. Apparatus for preventin interference with wireless telephonic or tee aphic installations by an operating electric motor or dynamo-electricmachine comprising, in combination, means for insulating the structuraldenser units to the machine frame, condenser capaclty inserted in saidconnection, and
means responsive to an incident in sto ping said machine to cause theconnection 0 said frame to earth and responsive to an incident instarting said machine for calls connection of said frame from eart Intestimony whereof I have signed in name to this specification. I
ARTHUR JAMES HASWELL.
the diswith wireless telephonic or telegraphic installations by anoperating electric motor or dynamo-electric machine comprising, incombination, means for insulating the frame of the machine from earth, aconnection from the brush of one polarity to'the frame, a capacityinserted in said connection, a connec tion from a brush of anotherpolarity to the first named connection, a capacity in'said
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2024-03-22
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1928-11-26
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1930-07-29"
}
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US-65715D-A
|
James weight
@uitrit tartes atent @Hina JAMES WRIGHT, OF NEW-YORK, NY., ASSIGNOR TOHIMSELF AANDA FRANCIS BLESSING, OF SAME PLAGE.
Latem Patate No. 65,715, ma Jam 11, 1867.
@he dgehnle referat tu iu tlgese Wetters eetent eut nieiliierg peut mitige sente.
TO ALI WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
De it known that I, JAMES WRIGHT, of-the city, county, and State of NewYork,-have invented a new and improved Device for Cleaning the Traps ofWater-Closets; and I do hereby declare that the following `i's a full,clear, and exact description thereof, which will ena-ble others skilledin the art to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification.
The drawing represents a side viewpartly in section of my invention.
This invention relates to a device for cleaning. the curved or S-shapedpipe ortraps of water-closets, and consists in the use of a flexiblerod, (orseries of rods'hinged t`ogether,) which is inserted in` the endof the pipe and can accommodate itself to the Vshape of the tube, `so asto clean the same completely. Herctofore great diiculty used to beexperienced in the cleanining of these curved pipes, and much time waslost in the attempt to satisfactorily do it. By my invention the work ismade very easy, as the exible rod will adapt itself at once to the curveof the pipe, and will therefore at once remove any material that mayhave accumulated in the same.
A. represents the trap of awater-closet. B is a straight tubular guide,which, when the trap is to be cleaned, is set upon thel end of thepipeA, as shown. C is a straight metal or other rod, having a handle, D, onits upper end. E E are small metal bars, which are connected one toanother so as to form a long flexible bar, one end of which is pivotedto the lower end of the rod C. `In each joint, between the bars E and C,may be arranged a fridtion-roller, F, the diameter of which should belarger than the width of any of the bars E. The flexible rod is passedthrough the tube B into the pipe A, and when pushed down the links E Ewill be carried through the windings o'f the pipe A, in the manner shownin the drawing. The rollers F will serve to make the parts move easieraround the corners iu the pipe A. Without the guide B this rod could notbe used, las the flexible portion must be longer than the irst straightportion of the pipe A, and would therefore project above the same, andwould be folded together if an attempt were made to push it down intothe trap. In the tube B the exible rod is always kept straight, and canbe easily managed by thc infiexible handle C D.
I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent I 1. The exiblerod E, when made as described, in combination with the tubular guide Band incxibl handle C D, all made and operating substantially as and forthe purpose herein shown and described.
2. The friction-rollers F, in combination with the links E of theflexible rod and with the handle C D, all made and operatingsubstantially as herein shown and described.
f JAMES WRIGHT.
Witnesses:
WM. F. McNAMAuA, ALEX. F. Ronnnrs.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1867-06-11"
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|
US-1912708707-A
|
Rotary motor and pump.
J. B. VERNON.
ROTARY MOTOR AND PUMP.
APPLICATION FILED JULY 10, 1912.
1,082, 1 83, Patented Dec. 23, 1913.
2 SHEETSSHEET 1.
WITNESSES INVENTOR J. B. VERNON.
ROTARY MOTOR AND PUMP.
APPLICATION FILED JULY 10, 1912.
,O82,183, Patented Dec. 23, 1913.
2 SHEETSSHEET 2.
WITNESS-ES mvcm-on fl/W W W1 m 1W4;
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
J'AMES B. VERNON, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO LEE S. SMITH& SON COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A COPARTNERSHIP.
ROTARY MOTOR -AND PUMP.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Dec. 23, 1913.
Application filed July 10, 1912. Serial No. 708,707.
To all whom it may oonoerh Be it knownthat I, JAMES B. VERNON, aresident of Pittsburgh, in the ,county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and'usefullmprovement in Rotary Motorsand Pumps, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates tor and pump.
The object of the invention is to produce an arrangement of motor andpump, mounted upon a common base, in which vibration is reduced to aminimum and the heat produced in operation of the pump will not betransmitted to the motor and will not affect the same. I
Further objects of the invention are to provide a connection between themotor and the pump which will obviate the necessity of exact alinementtherebetween, and to imto a combined moprove generally the constructionof the motor.
The invention comprises the construction and arrangement of partshereinafter described and claimed.
In the drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of amotor and pump embodying the invention; Fig. .2 is ahorizontal sectionthereof on the line 2-2, Fig.
1; Fig. 3 is an end view of the motor with one end head removed andshowing its interior-parts; Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of theconnection between the motor and pump; Fig. 5. is an end view from theleft in Fig. 1, the base being omitted; and Fig. 6 is a cross section onthe line 66, Fig. 1.
The motor and pump illustrated 1n the drawings are mounted upon andsuitably secured to a common base 1, having three or more horizontallyspreading legs, so arranged as to steadily and firmly support the motorand pump. In the embodiment shown, the motor is contained within acylindrical shell or casing 2, the lower portion of which is slightlyflattened, as at 3, to fit the upper surface of a boss or pro ect1on 4on the base 1 to which the casing is secured by ordinary screws or bolts5. At the pump end the shell or casing 2 is formed-with an integral orrigid head 6 provided with circumferentially spaced bosses 7, threebeing shown, which are threaded to receive longitudinally extending rodsor bars 8 which support the pump at their other ends. The
he'ad'6of the shell or casing 2 is also provided w1th a number ofcircumferentially spaced apertures 9 to permit a free flow of orprojection 10 carrying a suitable bearing 11 for supporting the motorshaft 12.
Secured to the free ends of the rods or bars 8 is a circular plate orhead 15, vided with apertures alined with the rods or bars and throughwhich screws or bolts 16 are passed thereinto. The pump casing 20 issuitably secured to the head or plate 15, as by screws or bolts 21. Thispump specifi cally forms no part of my invention and may be of anysuitable type. It is preferred, however, to use a pump of the type shownin the patent granted February 20, 1912, to myself and George .DeCamp,No. 1,018,221 and which is of the rotary piston type. Briefly described,it embodies a shaft 25 on which is formed, or to which is secured, apiston 26 mounted to rotate in an eccentric chamber 27 and provided withradially movable blades or vanes 28 which sweep around the chamber andforce theair through the pump: The pump is provided at one end withsuitable inlet and outlet connections, marked 29 and 30 respectively,communicating with the chamber 27 At its other end the shell or casing 2is provided with a removable head 35 which is generally of circular,form and is secured to the shell in a manner to be described more indetail hereinafter. Integral with the head 35 is a bearing member 36formed with a central bore to receive a bearing 37 and spaced awayfromlthe head 35 by arms 38.
The motor shown in the drawings is of the alternating current inductiontype and embodies a stator 40 and a rotor 41, the shaft 12 of the rotor41 being mounted in the bearings 37 and 11. Suitable grease cups 42 and43 are screwed into the under sides of the bosses 10' and 36 tolubricate the bearings of themotor shaft. v
The stator 40 of the motor is of the twopole type and embodies alaminated field 45 which has an approximately cylindrical outer surfaceto fit the interior wall of the casing 2 and is provided with theoppositely disposed poles 46 around which are wound the field coils 47,these being contained withimthe interior of the field. To support thefield 45 within the motor casing and to also secure the head 35 thereto,the several laminations of the field are provided with alined bores 48through which extend rods 49 which are threaded at their ends intointernal bosses 50 on the forward head 6 of the motor casing. The outerends of the rods 49 are threaded to receive screws 51 which pass throughthe head 35 and into the rods. By screwing the rods 19 through the bores48 and into the bosses 5O and then securing the head 35 to the rods, thestator 40 is securely heldin place within the casing and the head 35 isremovably secured thereto.
The rotor 41 is of ordinary type and embodies a revolving laminatedfield 55 and windings 56 and forms the secondary of the motor. At oneend it is provided with the usual commutator 57, the segments of whichare connected to the various windings of the rotor.
The present type of motor is so arranged as to have all of itsadjustable elements and those parts which may need repair or replacementon the outside of the casing and where they will be easily accessible.The commutator 57 of the motor is embraced by the arms 38 of the head 35and projects beyond the head 35, as will be apparent from Fig. 1 of thedrawings. The brushes 60 are mounted upon an insulating ring 61 whichsurrounds the arms 38 and lies close to the outer face of the head 35.This ring 61 may be formed of any suitable insulating material, asfiber, hard rubber or the like. Its interior surface snugly fits theouter surface of the arms 38 and it is held in place thereon by smallangle members 62 secured to the arms 38, as by screws 63, and providedwith upturned ends 64: resting against the outer face of the ring 61.The ring 61 is rotatable on the arms 38 and is intended to befrictionally held in position in such manner as to adjustably supportthe brushes 60 in order that the lag or slip of the motor may be variedor regulated exactly from the exterior of the casing of the motor.
The brushes 60 are of simple construction and embody metallic tubes 65,formed of copper, brass or the like, closed at their outer ends and inwhich are mounted spiral compression springs 66 which, at their forwardends bear against and force the carbon contact members 67 into contactwith the commutator 57 of the motor. The tubes 66 of the brushes 60 areheld in half round grooves 68 in the fiber ring 61 by plates or.
ends are secured' under the contact screws 70. The openings 72, inaddition to permitting the leads 71 to be brought to the exterior of thecasing, assist in permitting ventilating of the casing to cool. themotor.
In one side and near the base 1, the shell 2 is provided with anaperture 73, through which the leads 74 from the exterior circuit fordriving the motor pass to the field coils of the stator 40.
To minimize vibration and avoid the bad efi'ects of misalinement betweenthe shaft 12 of the motor and the shaft 25 of the pump, a looseconnection is provided therebetween. The pump end of the shaft 12 isprovided with a disk 75 having a boss 76 into which is threaded a screw77 to engage 'a flattened portion of the shaft for securing the diskthereon. A similar disk 78, provided with a boss 79, is similarlysecured to the pump shaft 25. The disks 75 and 78 are each provided ontheir meeting faces with longitudinally extending pins 80,circumferentially spaced about the shaft. Any numbdr of such pins may beused on either part. Between the disks 75 and 78 is mounted a washer 81formed of leather, rubber, fiber or any other slightly yielding materialand provided with a number of circumferentially spaced apertures throughwhich the pins 80 on the disks 75 and 78 project. The connectiondescribed permits of positive rotation of the shaft-25 from the shaft 12through the washer 81, and at the same time permits slight longitudinaland lateral play between these members. With the connection described itis unnecessary to secure the motor casing 20 to the shell or casing 2with. the shaft 25 in exact alinement with the shaft 12, thus obviatingextremely accurate machining. It is suflicient if these two shafts arebrought into approximate alinement, as the connect-ion described willtake up any variation therein. The connection at the same time isnoiseless and prevents jar on the pump in starting and stopping themotor.
The motor and pump described are, in practice, built of comparativelysmall size, the pump being intended primarily for medical or dental useand to either deliver a comparatively small supply of compressed air, orit may be used as a suction device of low capacity. Both the motor andthe pump are so arranged as to be silent in operation and at the sametime are of exceedingly large capacity in proportion to their size. Theopen space around the connection between the pump and motor preventsoverheating of the motor by the pump and permits a free circulation ofair through the motor casing. The construction also furnishes aself-contained device in which a separate support for the pump is notrequired, a common base serving for both the brushes 60 are on theoutside of the casing and the brushes may be readily and easily adjustedto secure the highest efliciency in operation by regulation of the lagof the motor. The leads for the motor and its lubricating cups are allaccessible from the outside of its casing.
What I claim is:
1. A portable combined'motor and pump, comprising a base, a motorsupported on a horizontal axis upon said base and having a shell orhousing, rods detachably secured to and extending horizontally in thedirection of the motor axis from one end of said shell or housing, aself-contained pump supported on the ends of said rods and bodilyremovable therefrom, and a separable connection between the motor shaftand said pump for driving the latter.
2.-A portable combined motor and pump, comprising a base, a motorsupported thereon upon a horizontal axis and having a shell formed withan integral head at one end and a removable head at the other end,hearings in said heads, a rotor for said motor having a horizontal shaftmounted in said bearings, a stator within said casing, a selfcontainedpump secured to and carried by said casing and bodily removabletherefrom,
, and driving connections between said shaft and pump.
3. A portable combined motor and pump,
comprising a base, a motor supported thereon and provided with a shellor casing having an integral head at one end, a stator Within saidcasing, a removable head at the other end of said casing, rods forsecuring said stator to said casing and also supporting said removablehead, a rotor within said casing and supported by said heads and havinga shaft projecting endwise through said fixed head, a pump comprising acasing and a piston therein, said pump casing being spaced from andremovably secured to and carried by said fixed head, and connectionsbetween said shaft and piston for driving the same.
i. A portable combined motor and pump, comprising a base, a motorsupported thereon and having a shell, a fixed head at one end of saidshell and a removable head at the other end thereof, said heads beingprovided with apertures for circulating air through the casing, ofcylindrical form to fit the same, rods for securing said stator and saidremovablehead to said casing, a rotor, bearings in said heads forsupporting the same and a pump removably attached to and spaced from thefixed head of said casing and operatively connected to said rotor.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.
JAMES B. VERNON. Witnesses:
H. WV. NESTLE, J. H. KLINE.
a stator Within said shell
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2024-03-22
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1912-07-10
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1913-12-23"
}
|
US-3462043D-A
|
Sheet material assembly with interfolded webs including half web folds
9', 196 R. H. FRICK 3,462,043
SHEET MATERIAL ASSEMBLY'WITH INTERFOLDED WEBS INCLUDING HALF WEB FOLDS--0riginal Filed Aug. 19, 1966 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 19,1969 R. H. FRICK3,462,043 I SHEET MATERIAL ASSEMBLY WITH INTERFOLDED WEBS v INCLUDINGHALF WEB FOLDS Original Filed Aug. 7 19, 1966 .5 sheets-sh et 2 v 19.1969 R. H. FRICK 3,462,043
SHEET MATERIAL ASSEMBLY WITH INTERFOLDED WEBS INCLUDING HALF WEB FOLDSOriginal Filed Aug. 19, 1966 s sheets-sheet 5 United States Patent3,462,043 SHEET MATERIAL ASSEMBLY WITH IN- TERFOLDED WEBS INCLUDING HALFWEB FOLDS Richard H. Frick, Neenah, Wis., assignor to Kimberly- ClarkCorporation, N eenah, Wis., a corporation of Delaware Originalapplication Aug. 19, 1966, Ser. No. 573,585, now Patent No. 3,401,928.Divided and this application June 5, 1968, Ser. No. 734,603
Int. Cl. B65h 13/00 U.S. Cl. 22148 1 Claim ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Alongitudinally folded stack of webs in which each web has its top halffolded back upon itself along the longitudinal center line, with thewebs simply lying unconnected on top of each other to form the stack oradjacent webs being interfolded to form the stack.
This application is a divisional application with respect to mycopending application Ser. No. 573,585, filed Aug. 19, 1966, now PatentNo. 3,401,928 for Machine for Producing a Longitudinally Folded Stack ofWebs.
The invention relates to paper products and more particularly to foldedwebs of paper or other sheet material.
Improved web folding devices or boards have been proposed in both mycopending application Ser. No. 573,585 now Patent No. 3,401,928 and alsocopending application Ser. No. 567,440, filed July 25, 1966, now PatentNo. 3,401,927 of which I am one of the joint inventors. These foldingdevices are of such construction that each device not only allows thedevice to be used for interfolding a web passing over the device with apreviously folded stack of webs, but the device also, on a rethreading,functions to fold the top fold of a web passing over the device backupon itself along the longitudinal center line of the lower fold of theweb.
It is an object of the present invention to -provide a longitudinallyfolded stack of webs, such as by utilizing a plurality of such modifiedfolding devices or boards positioned in series, with the series of webshaving their top halves folded back upon themselves along longitudinalcenter lines so as to provide a stack of webs with Z-type folds and withor without interfolding between adjacent webs.
The invention consists of the novel constructions, arrangements anddevices to be hereinafter described and claimed, for carrying out theabove stated objects, and such other objects, as will be apparent fromthe following description of preferred forms of the invention,illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a partial plan view of a folding mechanism including aplurality of folding boards disposed in a series;
FIG. 2 is a view taken substantially on line 2-2 of FIG. 1 and showingan end perspective view of one of the folding boards of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a view similar'to FIG. 2 but with the folding board being usedin a different way;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the folding board illustrated inFIGS. 2 and 3;
FIG. 5 is a view taken substantially on line 55 of FIG. 1 and showing anend perspective view of another folding board of the folding mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5 but with the folding board being usedin a different manner;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken substantially on line Patented Aug. 19,1969 "ice I 77 of FIG. 1 and showing a stack of paper webs that havebeen folded utilizing the folding mechanism illustrated in the previousfigures;
FIGS. 8 and 9 are views similar to that of FIG. 7 but with the foldingboards being threaded differently to fold the webs differently;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a carton of C-folded tissuesconstituting prior art;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of tissues as folded in FIG. 8 anddisposed in a carton; and
FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic illustration of one of the folding boardssetting forth various dimensions and angles.
of the board.
Like characters of reference designate like parts in the several views.
Referring to FIG. 1 yin-particular, the folding mechanism of theinvention may be seen to utilize two types A and B of folding boards ordevices. The two types of folding boards A and B are alternatelyarranged in a series, with each type B device following a type A deviceand being arranged between two type A devices except for the last type Bdevice in the series.
As seen in FIG. 1, the particular folding device B follows theparticular device A the device A which is identical to the first deviceA follows the device B and the device B which is identical to the deviceB follows the device-A Likewise, in the series of folding devices,devices B B B etc. (not shown), identical with device B willrespectively follow devices A;.,, A A etc. (not shown), identical Withdevice A 7 Referring to FIG. 2 showing the device A each type A devicecomprises flat sheet metal portion 10, 11 and 12 which are preferablymade of a single piece of sheet material folded along lines 13 and 14.The portion 12 may be considered as a base portion preferably used in ahorizontal position; and, as will be observed from FIG. 4, the portion10 extends upwardly and at an obtuse angle with respect to the portion12. The line 14, as will hereafter appear, extends parallel with thepath X of movement of a web or webs passing over the folding board andparallel with the edges of the webs. The portion 12 terminates in anedge 15 which extends at an acute angle with respect to the line 14, theapex of the lines 14 and 15 being at a point 16; and the line 13, aswell as the lower edge 17 of the portion 10, terminate at the point 16.The Greiner et a1. Patent 3,066,932 may be referred to for the preferredrelationship of the flat portions 10, 11 and 12 and the lines definingthe edges of these portions with respect to each other, in order that aweb may pass over the device andbe folded by it without wrinkling or vstretching of portions of the web.
tension 10a by means of which the other end of the board may besupported. An upstanding stud 19' may be provided for supporting theportion 12, the stud extending through the extension 1211 and aplurality of nuts 20 being provided on the stud above and below theportion 12a. The other end of the board may be supported by means of astandard 21 fixed on the table 18 with the portion 10a being fixed to acollar 22 that in turn is fixed on the standard 21.
The portion 10 is provided with a lip-like extension 23 meeting with theportion 10 along the line 17. A slot 24 is provided in the portions 10and 23, and a rod 25 is fixed at one end to the lip portion 23 andterminates substantially above the line 14.
The dispositions of the slot 24 and of the bar 25 are preferably thoseset forth in the co-pending application of Richard H. Frick and HerbertC. Scholz, Ser. No.
567,440, hereinabove referred to, in order that a web passing throughthe slot 24 and over the bar 25 will not be wrinkled, and theserelationships are briefly the following:
Tan N= 20 Tan I'M-g The angle M denotes the angle at which the slot 24is disposed with respect to a vertical line 26 that extends upwardly onthe flat portion 10 from a point 27, which is the substantial point ofintersection of the slot 24 and the inner or folding edge 25a of the bar25. Assuming that the portion 12 is horizontal, the line 26 lies in avertical plane which also includes a line 28 that is a longitudinalcenter line of a stack of interfolded webs, with the plane beingparallel with the direction of movement X of the folded webs. The sideedge of the stack of folded webs, as will hereinafter appear, issubstantially along the line 14, and a line 29 is an imaginary line inthe flat portion 10 extending upwardly and in the same vertical plane asthe line 14. The lines 26 and 29 are, of course, parallel, and the sameis true for the lines 14 and 28. The angle N is the angle between thebar 25 and the line 14 which is parallel with the direction of webtravel X. The angle L is the angle at which the portion 10 extends withrespect to the portion 12. The quantity W is equal to the width of theweb portion which is folded over by the bar 25the quantity W may, forexample, in the case to be hereinafter described, be equal to one-halfthe width of the interfolded stack of webs or one-fourth the width of aweb prior to any folding. The distance 1 is the distance from the line17 to a line 30, which is the distance W in length and which intersectswith both the lines 24 and 29 and is parallel to the line 17. Thedistance e is the component of the distance 1 along the path X, and l isthe distance from the line 17 to the intersection of the bar 25 and theline 14.
A paper web p from a roll 31 of paper web is supplied to the firstfolding device A (see FIG. 1). A guide bar 32 receives the web p fromthe roll 31; and the bar 32 is 4 suitably mounted with respect to thetable 18, at a 45 degree angle with respect to the direction X at whichthe webs pass under the folding devices on the table 18. The standard 21for the device A is provided with a guide roll 33 at its upper end, andthe web p passes from the guide bar 32 onto the roll 33 and from thenceonto the lower face of the fiat portion 10 of the first folding device AAll of the type A folding devices in the folding mechanism areidentical. A type B folding device is a reverse image of a type Afolding device as above described, and the first folding device B in theseries is shown in FIGS. and 6. Each of the devices B basically is madeup of plane sheet metal portions 11 and 12, slots 24 and rods and theseparts are in the same dispositions with respect to each other as havebeen previously mentioned with respect to corresponding parts in a typeA device. The first type B folding device B is supplied with a web qfrom a roll 31' which passes over a guide bar 32' to a roll 33, andthese parts correspond with the similarly numbered parts described abovein connection with the first folding device A The subsequent foldingdevices A and B illustrated in FIG. 1 are similarly supplied with webs rand s respectively, and still additional folding devices in the series(not illustrated) are similarly supplied with webs t, u, v, w, x, y and2 (not shown in FIG. 1).
The series of type A and type B folding devices alternately arranged, asillustrated in FIG. 1, may be utilized for producing an interfolded webas illustrated in FIG. 7.
In this case, the folding devices function substantially the same as thetwe types of folding devices described in the above mentioned patent toGreiner et al., No. 3,066,932; and, in this case, the slots 24 and 24'and the rods 25 and 25' of the folding devices are not used.
For such interfolding, the webs (q to z) passing onto their respectivefolding boards each has a longitudinal one-half of it passing down thelower surface of the plane portion 10 or 10 and under the lip 23 or 23into a path of movement of the folded stack of webs in the direction Xalong the upper surface of the table 18. The other longitudinal halvesof the webs pass under the plane portions 10 or 10', under the planeportions 11 or 11', under the plane portions 12 or 12' and around thefolding edges 15 or 15 so that these halves of the webs are foldedunderneath the first longitudinal halves of the webs. If the particularboard under consideration is one of the boards subsequent to the firstboard A the second longitudinal one-half of the web being folded underthe first longitudinal one-half is at the same time also insertedunderneath the uppermost fold of the stack of webs folded by previousfolding boards.
The operation of the folding board B is particularly shown in FIG. 5,and it will be observed that the left half of the weg q, as the device Bis illustrated in this figure, passes downwardly underneath the planeportion 10' and under the lip 23' to move in the path of travel of theinterfolded webs indicated by the arrow X. The right half of the Web qpasses downwardly on the lower surface of the plane portion 10, aroundthe bend line 13, on the undersurface of the plane portion 11, aroundthe bend line 14', on the undersurface of the plane portion 12' and fromthence around the edge 15' of the portion 12 to thereby underfold thishalf of the web underneath the first half of the web that passesunderneath the lip 23'. The half of the web passing underneath the lip23 is indicated by the web fold q in FIGS. 2 and 5, and the half of theweb underfolded by passing around the portions 10', 11 and 12' isindicated by the web fold q in these figures.
The web p has been folded by the previous board A and the upper fold pof this web has been trained to pass over and to lie in contact with theupper surface of the plane portion 12 of the board B so that as thelower fold -q is folded by the folding edge 15 underneath the top fold qthe fold q is at the same time positioned underneath the top fold p ofthe previous Web p. Thus, the web q has been longitudinally interfoldedby the folding board B with the previoosly folded web p.
The subsequent folding device A functions substantially in the samemanner except that it folds a web from the other side of the stack, andthe similar operation of the board A is illustrated in FIG. 2. As seenin this figure, the right half of the Web r passes underneath theportion 10 and the lip 23 into the path X so as to become the web fold rThe left half of the web r passes underneath the portions 10, 1.1 and 12and from thence around the folding edge 15 so as to be folded underneaththe web fold r to thereby become the web fold r The web fold q of theinterfolded stack of webs leaving the folding device B is trained topass over the horizontal plane portion 12, and the web fold r is therebynot only folded under the web fold r but is also at the same time foldedunder the web fold :1 on the top of the previously folded stack of websso as to complete the interfolding.
The first folding device, A functions in exactly the same manner as thefolding device A except that, inasmuch as the folding board A is thefirst of the series of boards, there are no previously interfolded webs;and the folding board A thus simply has the effect of folding the fold punder the fold 12 The subsequent type A boards function in the samemanner as the type A boards just described, and the subsequent type Bboards function in the same manner as the board B All of the foldingboards, subsequent to the first board A function similarly to underfolda longitudinal half of the web passing over the board as well as to folda longitudinal half of this web underneath the uppermost fold of thepreviously interfolded stack of webs. It will be understood that, forsetting up the folding mechanism, each of the individual webs isthreaded over its respective folding board A B A B etc., and theresultant webs are interfolded by hand in the movement path X; and, inorder to set the machine in operation, the webs in their interfoldedcondition are simply drawn along in the path X by any suitable webpulling mechanism (not shown) so that individual webs are drawn overtheir individual folding boards and along the path X.
The boards A B A B etc., function with respect to webs p, q, r, s and t,in order to produce the interfolded stack of webs which is shown in FIG.7. Referring to FIG. 7, it will be observed that the web fold q liesbetween the web folds p and 12 the web folds r and p lie between the webfolds q and q; the Web folds q and s lie between the web folds r and rthe web folds r and t lie between the Web folds s and s and the web folds lies between the web folds t and t so that the stack of webs iseffectively interfolded. Thus, if the elongate stack of folded webs iscut into segments, the top fold t of the stack may be grasped; and, inpulling and in removing the cut segment of the web r from the stack, thefold s will at the same time be pulled upwardly; and, assuming that thesegment of interfolded webs is in a carton with a dispensing window inits top panel, the top fold s will be partially pulled through thewindow for subsequent removal. This particular arrangement ofinterfolded webs is particularly suitable if the webs are of crepedtissue suitable for facial usage, and the tissues may thus be removedone at a time from the enclosing carton, and each tissue will pull afold of the succeeding tissue into view for ready subsequent usage.Although only the five Webs p, q, r, s and t have been illustrated inFIG. 7, it will be obvious that the succeeding folding boards in theseries will produce subsequent folded webs which are interfolded withthemselves and with previously folded webs in the same manner and withthe same pattern as is illustrated with respect to the webs p to t inFIG. 7. i
In the event that it is desired to produce a non-interfolded stack ofwebs, the slots 24 and 24 and the folding rods 25 and 25 may beutilized. In this case, each of the folding devices is threaded in aslightly different manner with the particularweb followed by the device.
Referring to FIG. 3 illustrating the folding device A it will beobserved that the right fourth of the web r is directed through the slot24 and over the folding bar 25 instead of passing underneath the lip 23with the rest of the right half width of web r. The distance from thepoint 16 to the end of the slot 24 at point 27, in the particular formof the folding device illustrated, is equal to one-fourth the width ofthe complete web r, and the right one-fourth of the web r as it passesthrough the slot 24 and over the folding rod 25 is folded over the otherone-fourth of the web which would otherwise constitute a part of the webfold r if the board A were used as first described. Thus, as isillustrated in FIG. 3, with the slot 24 and the rod 25 being utilized;the folding device A folds the half web fold or width r underneath; aquarter fold r passes underneath the lip 23 so as to remain on top ofthe web fold r and a quarter width web fold r, is folded on top of thequarter width web fold r None of the previously folded webs, utilizingthe boards in this manner, passes over the plane portion 12; and,therefore, there is no interfolding. The web p is folded by the firsttype- A board in the same manner as the web r is folded by the board Aand the web 7 appears as shown in FIG. 3; with a bottom half width foldp and upper quarter folds p and p.,.
The board B functioning in the same manner as do the type A boards asjust described, has the left onequarter of the web q passing through itsslot 24 and over its folding bar 25' (see FIG. 6). The board B folds inthe same manner as the boards A and A but in the opposite direction sothat the board B produces a lower one-half width web fold q and upperone-quarter width folds Q and :1
The boards as used in this manner do not interfold, and the stackproduced by the boards operating in this manner is illustrated in FIG.8. All of the webs are folded in the same manner'so that each has two,one-fourth width, folds located above a full one-half width fold. Thisfolding may be termed a modified Z-fold, and the webs simply lies one onanother. Due to the fact that the type A boards and type B boards foldin opposite directions, the onefourth width folds lie on opposite sidesof the stack and the crease or fold between the quarter width folds liessubstantially on the longitudinal center line of the stack of foldedWebs. If the webs p, q, r, s and t are of facial quality tissue cut intosegments and packaged in cartons with openings in the top panels, thesegments of the individual webs may be withdrawn through the topopenings individually without disturbance of the webs locatedunderneath, since the boards used in this manner do not interfold thewebs. In particular, referring to FIG. 8, it will be observed that theweb p, with its half fold p and its quarter folds p and 2 is located inthe stack completely beneath all parts of the web q. Likewise, the webq, with its half fold q and its quarter folds q and q is located belowall parts of the succeeding webs r, s and t. Also, it will be observedthat the quarter folds p and 11.; extend from the left side of the stacksubstantially to the longitudinal center of the stack while the quarterfolds q and q.,, of the web q also extend substantially to thelongitudinal center of the stack, but from the right hand side of thestack. The other webs alternate from opposite sides of the stack asillustrated. Since the quarter folds of the individual webs extend tothe longitudinal center of the stack, the crease between the quarterfolds of the uppermost Web segment may be easily grasped by a personthrusting his hand through the tissue withdrawal opening in the toppanel of a carton in which segments of the folded webs are packaged, sothat the uppermost web can be easily grasped and withdrawn from thecarton.
It is also possible using the modified Z-fold and using the type A andtype B boards in the manner just described, to interfold the paper webs,and the webs as so interfolded are illustrated in FIG. 9. In this case,each of the boards after the first board A has the lowermost one-fourthfold of the previously folded web trained on and traveling over thehorizontal plane portion 12 or 12' of the board, so that the half foldof the web folded by the particular board is inserted between the halffold and the lowermost quarter fold of the previously folded web.
As previously described in connection with FIG. 6, the folding board Bhas the effect of folding the half width fold q under the fold (1 andfolding the quarter width fold q over the fold q If the fold p of thepreviously folded web is made to travel on and pass over the uppersurface of the plane portion 12 of the board B the fold q is insertedbetween the folds p and p as shown in FIG. 9. The operation of the boardA in utilizing the slot 24 and rod 25 is illustrated in FIG. 3; and, aspr viously described, the board operating in this manner underfolds theone-half width fold r under the onefourth width fold r and overfolds theone-fourth width fold r over the one-quarter width fold r If the fold qfrom the previously folded web is made to pass along and over the uppersurface of the plane portion 12 of the board A the fold r is positionedbetween 7 the folds q and q as shown in FIG. 9. The first folding boardA functions in the same manner as the board A but there is no previouslyfolded web traveling under the board A into which its lower one-halfwidth fold p may be positioned.
The subsequent type A boards and the subsequent type B boards functionin the same manner as just described in connection with the board A andthe board B to fold the lowermost one-half width fold produced by theparticular board in between the one-half width and lowermost one-fourthwidth folds produced by the previous folding board, and thus the type ofinterfolding in FIG. 9 is produced by the boards operating in thismanner. With this type of interfolding, it will be observed that theone-quarter width folds of any particular web having the subscripts 3and 4 are positioned between the one-half width fOlds of the subsequenttwo webs. For example, the folds p and p., from the web p passing overthe folding board A are located between the one-half width folds q and rof the subsequent two webs q and r. As will be observed, on the top ofthe stack as shown in FIG. 9, there are four folds present, namely thefolds Z3, Z4, y and y Each of these folds is one-fourth width andtherefore the fold lines between these folds lie along the longitudinalcenter of the stack. Therefore, assuming that a segment of the stack asillustrated in FIG. 9 is positioned in a carton with a windowed toppanel, the users hand may be reached into the carton through the windowand either of the webs z or y may be grasped in order to remove a websegment from the carton. Since the webs are interfolded, a withdrawal ofone web from the carton acts to pull a lower web partially through thewindow of the carton so as to make it available. In order to increasethe adherence of one web with respect to the other to promote thisaction, the tissue Webs as So folded may be compressed, such as forexample, as is described in Patents 3,172,563, issued to Kenneth J.Harwood on Mar. 9, 1965, and 3,172,564 issued to Kenneth M. Enloe andLeRoy L. Peterson on Mar. 9, 1965; and such compression also has theeffect, as described in these patents, of allowing the webs to be packedin cartons of less height than would otherwise be possible.
Referring to FIG. 8, it will be observed that the modified Z-foldedwebs, without interfolding, provide an edge on the top of the stackalong the longitudinal center line of the stack, which is a folded edgerather than a cut edge. With this arrangement, there is no oppositeedge, cut or otherwise, on the top surface of the stack; and a personmay easily grasp the folded edge on the top of a cut segment of the webstack for the purpose of removing the top web out of a carton, forexample, for the cut segment.
In addition, it will be noted that since the folded edge on the top ofthe stack extends to the longitudinal center line of the stack, thestack may be exactly one-half the width of each of the webs beforefolding. A stack, such as illustrated in FIG. 8, is shown positioned inFIG. 11 within a carton 34 having an oval shaped perforation line 3-5 inits top panel for the purpose of providing an opening in the top panelwhen the perforation line is broken. Since the FIG. 8 stack is equal inwidth to one-half the width of a tissue web prior to folding, the carton34 may be only slightly greater in width than this dimension.
The conventional tissues now on the market which are individuallyremovable from a carton are ordinarily C- folded, as illustrated in FIG.10, each tissue comprising a lower bottom fold k extending for the widthof the stack and upper narrower folds k and k A carton 34a for theC-folded tissues is slightly larger than the stack of tissues in widthand is also commonly provided with an oval shaped perforation line 35awhich provides an opening in the top panel for removal of the tissuesone at a time from the carton. A gap of about A inch is commonlyprovided between the inner cut edges of the folds k and k so as to allowa person reaching through the opening in the top panel to grasp one orthe other of the cut edges forming the ends of the folds k and k of theuppermost web segments. Due to this gap between the folds k and k thewidth of the stack of webs must be greater than one-half the width of aweb in its unfolded condition; and, therefore, both the width of theC-folded stack of webs as well as the width of the carton for the stacksegments must be greater than the widths of the stack of web segmentsand carton, respectively, using the modified Z-fold, as will be notedfrom comparing FIG. 10 with FIG. 11. Thus, a carton for the modifiedZ-folded tissues may be less space consuming than a carton for theconventional C-folded tissues.
With respect to the modified Z-folded tissues as interfolded,illustrated in FIG. 9, the Width of the stack also may be exactly equalto one-half the width of a web as contrasted to the C-folded tissues, astack of which has a width greater than one-half the web width.
The combination folding boards A B A B etc., which may be used to eitherprovide a modified Z-fold as illustrated in FIG. 8, or a conventionalinterfold as illustrated in FIG. 7, allow the machine to be used formaking either type of tissue stack with only a rethreading of webs tomake the change. In this connection, it may be desirable to utilize theFIG. 8 type of folding with relatively deep cartons, while utilizing theFIG. 7 interfolding with thinner cartons and simply by rethreading thesame machine, either type of folding may be produced, and two separatemachines are not necessary.
I claim:
1. A sheet material assembly comprising a stack of folded sheet materialwebs in which each of the webs has a first fold extending from a firstside edge of the stack to the second side edge of the stack, anintermediate fold extending from said first side edge of the stack to alongitudinal line intermediate the side edges and a third web foldextending from said longitudinal line back toward said first side edgeof the stack, said first fold of each of said webs being disposedbetween said first and said intermediate folds of the next succeedingunderlying web in the stack so that the webs are interfolded.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,698,823 1/1929 Rasmussen 206-571,980,059 11/1934 Housen 206-57 2,348,041 5/1944 Warner 22148 X STANLEYH. TOLLBERG, Primary Examiner
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2024-03-22
|
1968-06-05
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1969-08-19"
}
|
US-1902104480-A
|
Method of operating electric brakes.
No. 7|2 ,994. Patented Nov.'4, I902.
F. E. CASE. METHOD OF OPERATING ELECTRIC BRAKES.
(A plication filed Apr. 24, 1902..
2 sneak Sheet 1.
(No Model.)
Inventor. Frank E.Ca$e. by M Witnesses.
"No. 7l2,994.
. Patented Nov. 4, I902. F. E. CASE. METHOD OF OPERATING ELECTRICBRAKES.
(Application fileduAr. 24, 1992;,
2 SheetsSheet 2.
(No Mpdel.)
Invntor. Q Frank E. Case.
,eiw
fltt'y s 6 s s e n UNITED STATES PATENT O FIcE.
FRANK E. CASE, OF SCHENEOTADY, NEw YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRICCOMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.
METHOD OF OPERATiNG ELECTRIC BRAKES.
SIECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 712,994, dated November4, 1 902.
Original application filed-dune 30,1897, Serial No. 642,908. Divided andthis application filed April 24:, 1902. Serial No.
v 104,480. (No model.)
To aZZ whom, it mdy concern.- I
Be it known that I, FRANK E. CASE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Schenec-l tady, county of Schenectady, State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Methods of OperatingElectric Brakes, (Case No. 2,853,) of which the,
following is a specification.
This application is a division of my prior In the operation of brakingdevices it often. happens that one of the axles is so far checked,
that the wheel begins to slide upon the track. This not only diminishesthe braking effect, and that very rapidly, but it also makes flat placeson the wheels and tends to increase the sliding, because when a wheelonce begins to slide the friction on the track diminishes Very rapidly.This effect increases with the speed, so that though while the wheel isrolling a good retarding effect is obtained as soon as the wheelbeginsto slip it tends to continue to slip and retards the progress ofthe car very little. It also often happens that the. other axle or axlesof the car will be acting normally at' these times, and the strain onthat, due to the slipping of the first axle, will be greatly increased.-These difficulties have been recognized and some attempt has been madeto provide forthem, but without entire success. One of the methods whichhas been applied with some success involves the use of a so-calledlimit-switch, a device for preventing the current-flow in anelectricbrake system from increasing beyond a' predetermined amount. Thedifficulty with this expedient has been that while the limitswitch couldbe adjusted for any particular current-flow it could not be changed tosuit all the varying demands of traflicx When adjusted for a dry rail,for instance, where much greater current can be permitted than where therails are greasy, it would work well solong as the rails were in thatcondition; but when the track became slippery the wheels would stick andslide, giving rise to the difficulties above pointed out.
In a braking system arranged to be operated in accordance with themethod constituting my invention no limit-switch is required, thebraking effect being regulated in the shoes themselves in such a mannerthat shoes, and the arrangement is such that these devices arecontrolled by the current in the individual motor-circuits,itbeingunderstood that the motors are used as a source of current for thebrakes. Of course other sources of current could be substituted, so faras my invention is concerned, if it were desirable to use thetrolley-current or a storage-battery current,'but ordinarily thedescribed arrangement is commercially more desirable, as is well known.
I have shown in this application two ways of shunting the shoes, one ofthese by a switch under the control of the motor-current, so arrangedthat when the motors are out of balance in the generation of current(which ordinarily is caused by their running at different speeds) theswitch will shunt the shoe corresponding to the motor running at thelower speed. This may be done either by momentarily closing theshunt-circuitand as the motor speeds up opening .it again, or it may beeffected by closing the circuit through a variable resistance andchanging the resistance in accordance with the effect desired.
The ways suggested, which will be more fully explained, are only typicalof other ways which can be utilized. For instance, in my ately releasethe revolving disk with which it the source of current for the brakes.
F F are the field-magnets. B B are the brake-shoes.
The circuitis grounded in the usual way at G.
An equalizer E is employed, and this I use to balance the currentbetween the motors in the customary way; but it has also in this casethe additional function of determining the balance of braking effect.
Referring to Fig. 1, the motors are connected in multiple, with anequalizer-circuit E joining the corresponding points between thearmature and field windings of said motors, and the said motorsoperating as generators supply current to the brake-shoes B 13 connectedin series.
D indicates an automatic switch for controlling the brake-shoes. Thelever of this switch is connected to a point between the brake-shoes Band B and through the contacts d (1 may short-circuit either of them.
0 0 indicate magnet-cores cooperating with armatu res on the lever D tooperate the'same, and these cores are provided with coils c to 0 Thecoils c and c are wound in the same direction and are connected incircuit with the armatures A and A, respectively, while the coils c andc are wound in opposite directions and are connected in theequalizercircuit. The operation of these parts is as follows: While bothof the motor-armatures A A are revolving at a substantially uniform rateor generating substantially equal electromotive forces no current willHow in the equalizer E, and the entire current of both motors will passthrough the fields to ground,
returning from ground through the brakeshoes in series back to themotors in multiple, giving a substantially uniform pull on the differentbrake-shoes. 'The currents in the coils c and 0 will be equal, and hencethe switch-lever D will be maintained in its intermediate position. If,however, one of the motor-armatu resas,for example, Ashould cease toturn for any reason, the corresponding brake-shoe B would with theordinary connections still be supplied with the full current from thearmature A so long as the latter continued to revolve; but with theconnections shown in this figure the current will or killed.
flow from the armature A through the equalizer-circuit in the'directionshown by the dotted arrow and through the coils c andc', increasing themagnetization of the core 0 and decreasing that of the core 0', so thatthe lever D will be'moved into engagement with the contact cl', therebymomentarily shortcircuiting the shoe B and releasing it. The currentflowing through the equalizer connection will divide, part flowingthrough the field-winding F in a direction to maintain its magnetizationand part flowing through the armature A in such a direction as to driveit as a motor. The speed of the armature A will therefore quickly riseuntil the two armatures are running at substantially the same speed,when the flow of current through the equalizer connection will cease,and the switch-leverD will be returned to its intermediate position. Inthe same manner it the armature A should cease to turn the brake-shoe Bwould be momentarily shortcircuited.
\Vith the apparatus arranged in the Way just pointed out the lever Dwould go first to one side and then to the other as the motor-armatures,respectively, began to run at different speeds or at speeds somaterially different as to throw the attraction of the magnets O C outof balance in the way pointed out, it being of course designed thatminor variations in the speed shall not affect the magnets. As the levertouches one or the other of the contacts cl (1 it would shunt the entirecurrent around one 'of the brake-shoes, the latter would release itsgrip, and the regulation of the braking effect would be obtained by theopening and closing of the short circuit around the shoe. arrangement,however, whichI prefer to use in practicing my invention is that shownin Fig. 2. In this the parts are marked as before, except that in placeof the electromagnets 0 C, I substitute solenoids C 0 each in serieswith one of the motor-armatures, and in addition I employ resistances RR over the contacts of which the lever D moves. The effectof thisarrangement is to be preferred to that in Fig. 1, because if, forinstance, the armature A begins to run at a less rate than A the currentin the coil 0 falls off, and the entire resistance R is connected in ashunt-circuit around the brakeshoe B. This resistance may be soproportioned that comparatively little current will flow through it, andthe magnetization of the shoe will be thus slightly reduced and the shoepartially released. If, however, the armature A continues to beretarded, part of the resistance is cut out, until should the armaturepractically cease rotation the entire resistance would be out out, andthe brake-shoe would thus be entirely released As the armature increasesits The speed,sending more and more current through the coil 0 the leverD would move over the by the armature A is highrelatlvelv to that of thearmature A the brake-shoe B will be released, and whenever, on the otherhand, the electromotiveforce generated by the ar mature A'is highrelatively to that of the armature A the brake-shoeB will be re Each ofthe axles has'a brake-shoe'B- B 00-.
' operatingwith disksl I in the usual way.
The controlling device K is also shown in plan, with a .cable from whichwires extend tothemotors and brake-shoes. The switch D, with itsresistances, is illustrated conven- In this figure I show in plan twomoto cover in theclaims hereto appended whatever inay be the characterot-the apparatus by means of which it is carried out.
That I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent'of theUnited States, is
1; The method which consists'in supplying current toelectrically-actuatedbraking devices on a plurality of car-axles, andauto- .matically releasing any one of the said braking devices wheneverthe speed of rotation of its axle is substantially less than that ofanother axle.
2. The method of braking a car or train having aplurality of axlesprovidedeach with a dynamo-electric machine and with anelectrically-actuated brake-shoe, which consists in causing saiddynamo-electric machines to supply current to actuate said brake-shoesand controlling the application of the said shoes according to therelative values of the electromotive forces generated by said-dy-'namo-electric machines.
3. The methodof braking a carer train having a plurality of axlesprovided each with a dynamo-electric machine and withanelectrically-actuated brake-shoe, which consists in causing saiddynamo'elect-ric machines to supply current to actuate said brake-shoesand controlling theapplica tion of the said shoes according to the flowof current through an equalizer connection between the saiddynamo-electric machines.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 23d day of April,1902.
FRANK E. CASE.
Witnesses:
BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN ORFOND.
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2024-03-22
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1902-04-24
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1902-11-04"
}
|
US-19588838-A
|
Pole or pile pulling device
Patented June 6, 1939 PATENT OFFICE POLE OR- PILE PULLING DEVICE SamuelG. Neff, Fort Peck, Mont.
Application March 14,
2 Claims.
(Granted under the act of March amended April 30,
This invention described herein, if patented, may be manufactured andused by or for the Government for governmental purposes, without thepayment to me of any royalty thereon.
The purpose of my invention is to facilitate the pulling of poles,piling, etc., firmly imbedded in earth, by providing a mechanical devicefor connecting the pull cable to the upper end of the poles or piles insuch manner that it cannot slip or pull loose; this device being soconstructed that it can be easily and quickly attached to and detachedfrom the poles or piles.
One form of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, inwhich Figure 1 is an orthographic projection of the device and Figure 2a plan view.
The device consists of three lever arms I mounted on a triangular frame2, of circular section, which frame-acts as axle and fulcrum for theselever arms; each arm I is connected to a gripping jaw 3 by means ofplates 4, jaw pin 5, and cotter pins 6, and fitted at its outer orlifting end with shackle I and shackle stop 8.
Each gripping jaw 3 is segmental in plan and fitted on its inner facewith lugs 9, beveled on their lower sides to form a cutting edge; 7 theouter face of each jaw 3 is fitted with plates 4 welded to it andconnected with lever arm I by means of jaw pin 5; the top of the jawassembly is fitted with a loop or eye I0, rigidly attached, and to thisloop is attached a shackle I I.
The triangular frame 2 serves as a fulcrum or axle for each of the threelever arms I, mounted at the points of the triangle and held in place byshoulders I2 (welded to triangle); it also serves as a mounting or basefor the entire assembly. The joint where the ends of the rod formingframe 2 meet, is welded as shown at I3. It is evident that when theouter ends of lever arms I are rotated upward on axle 2, the jaws 3 mustmove downward and inward, and, conversely, when lever arms I rotatedownward, jaws 3 must move upward and outward; it is also evident thatwhen an upward pulling power is applied to jaws 3 through loop I0, themovement of jaws 3 will be upward and outward.
Jaw pins 5 are made long enough to overhang triangular framel and thusserve as a stop to prevent the jaw assembly from dropping below the topof frame 2. Thus the three lever arms are held in such a position withrelation to each other that their pressure on the pile or pole isequalized.
1938, Serial No. 195,888
3, 1883, as 1928; 370 0. G. 757) In operation, the entire assembly islowered over the pile or pole by three wire cable slings I4, which areattached at their upper ends to the lowering line leading from the boomof the crane, the lifting or pulling line being slacked off during thisperiod. Thus the jaws 3 are held apart to their maximum opening -by theupward pull of slings I4 and the weight of lever arms I, the outer endsof which, of their own weight, tend to rotate downward, thereby drawingthe jaws apart. When the puller has been fitted around the pile or pole,the lowering cable is slacked off, transferring the weight to thelifting cable through the three cable slings I5.
It will be seen that as the weight of the assembly is transferred to thelifting cable through slings I5, the outer ends of lever arms I arepulled upward, thus forcing the jaws 3 inward to grip the pile or pole,and, further, that as pulling or lifting power is applied, this grippingaction increases and forces the lugs 9 to bite into the pile or pole;any further power applied through the lifting cable is used in theoperation of lifting. After the pile or pole has been pulled, it isreleased from the puller by taking up on the lowering line slings I4 andslacking off on the lifting line slings I5, thus causing jaws 3 to openand release the pile or pole.
I claim:
1. A lifting device of the class described comprising an equilateraltriangular frame formed from a circular cross-sectional element, bellcrank levers having interiorly and exteriorly extending lever armsfulcrumed at the intersection of the sides of said triangular frame,gripping elements pivotally connected to the interiorly extending leverarms, and operating slings connected to said gripping elements and tothe exteriorly extending arms of said bell crank levers.
2. A lifting device of the class described comprising an equilateraltriangular frame formed from a circular cross-sectional element, bellcrank levers having interiorly and exteriorly extending lever armsfulcrumed at the vertices of said triangular frame, gripping elementscomprising gripping jaws mounted on bearing plates pivotally connectedto the interiorly extending lever arms, and operating slings connectedto the gripping elements and to the exteriorly extending arms of saidbell crank levers.
SAMUEL G. NEFF.
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2024-03-22
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1938-03-14
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1939-06-06"
}
|
US-1909521119-A
|
Water-purifier.
E. BOWMAN & J. A. WALL'AGE.
WATER PURIFIER.
APPLICATION FILED 0015, 1909.
986,897.. Patented Mar.14, 1911. 1
2 8HEET8 SKEET 1.
WW I
E. BOWMAN & J. A.- WALLACE.
WATER PURIFIER. APPLICATION FILED b015, 1909.
Patented Maf.14',1911.
2 BKEETg-SHEET 2.
awe/mm En u T. N? K A. WL 0 U H MP nnwaan BOWMAN AND .iosnrn A. witness,or MCGILL, NEVADA.
cipitated and discharged-fromthe puri':
4 of battle plates 50 arranged that the par;
' wanna-romaine iloallwhmnitmayconc em: f.
Be it known that we,-,Euwam Bowman and Joanna A. citizens oi the UnitedStates, residin county of \Vhite Pine, tat e of Nevada,have
invented certain new and useful Improvements in Water-Purifiers; and we'do hereby declare the followin to be a full, clear, andexact'description' of the invention, such as will. enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to 'make and use the same. f H
This invention relates "to improvements in water purifiers and has foronegof-its ob ects the provision ofa device oi that kind so constructedthat-thesand or other refuse from the water may be"'readilyprefier. I pAnother object is the provisionoffa'fpair ticles of sand or otherforeign matter in the water will be prevented from rising in the severalcompartments of the purifier.
With these and other objects in view-as will more fully hereinafterappear, the resent invention consists in certain nove de-' tails ofconstruction and arrangement of; parts; hereinafter fully described,illustrated in the accompanying drawings and more particularly pointedout in the appended claim, it being understood thatvarious changes inthe form, proportion, size and minor details 'of the device maybe madewithout departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of theadvantages-of the invention. 7
In the accompanying drawings forming part of the specification :-+Figure'1 IS a longitudinal sectional. view of the device. Fig. 2 is atransverse sectional view-of the 'same on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3is a similar view onthe line 3-3 of Fig. 1.
Similar numerals of reference are employed to designate throughout. v
The device consists'of a casing having. a bottom plate 5, oblongincontour and from the opposite sides of which rise the side walls 6 andTand fro'm the opposite ends of which rise the end walls 8 and 9. In thepresent instance a top '10 is shown bearing on the upper edges of theside and end walls; the use of this member however,.will be optiona.since it will be understood, from what at McGill,' in the correspondingparts Specifica ion iett Patented Mar. 14., 1911. Applicationflledpctober 5, 1909} Serial m..521,119.
will appear later, how the device might operate without the use of a topor cover 10.
Arranged longitudinally of the tank are a pairof oppositely arrangedside or hearing? plates 11 and 12. These members incliu: t
upwardly and outwardly from'the bottom 5 and their lower edges aresecured to the latter and on opposite-sides of the longitudinal :eentralline thereof, while their .upper sides are secured to the opposed inof;
ner faces ofthe side walls 6 and With this construction itis evidentthat a pitch is. given the bottom. The plates l'l and 12 1 are furthersupported bymeans'of -a pair of struts; 13 and 14, the opposite ends ofwhich are secured to the inner faces of the plates and at-the cornersformed by the juncture of the bottom and side plates;
As shown Fig. 1; the tank or casing is nter1orly divided into threecompartments. It' must be understood however, that we are net to. belimited to this specific number o compartments since it will ht e ident,from .what will appear later, how a greater or less number ofcompartments -might be so formed without departing from the-spirit ofthe invention. Each of the compartments is formed of a pair ofoppositely arranged walls or partitions 15 and 16.
By referring to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the compartment at the rightend of the casing is formed by positioning the partition or wall 15 at aslight distance in advance of the end wall 8. The partition 15- isslightlyless in length than the distance be- 9* tween the bottom plate 8and upper edges of the side and end walls so that when it is secured inposition with its upper end coincident with the upper edges or the sideand end walls a space will exist between its.
lower end and the bottom plate 5. So also -will a space 1-7 existbet-ween the partition and adjacent endvtall. This space 17 willconstitute an inlet and the space between the lower end of the partition15 and bottom plate,.a n opening for the admission of the liquid fromthe space 17 to the opposite side 7 of the partition. The lower end ofthe partition 15 is formed to bear on the upper faces of the plateslland 12 and its opposite sides are fixedly secured to the opposed innerfaces of the side plates 6 and 7. The opposite partition 16 is spacedfrom the partition 15 for a considerable distance, and j correspondsapproximately in length to the O length of the partition 15. The lowerend of the partition 16 is formed to bear on the plates 11 and 12 andalso on the bottom plate 5, and when so positioned its upper end will beconsiderably below the plane of the upper edges of the partition 15,side and end walls. Thus it will be-seen that water flowing through theinlet 17 and intothe compartment formed by the partitions 15 and 16,will rise in the said compartment to the height of the partition 16whereupon water flowing through the several compartments will beheld-and prevented from flowing through the outlet end of the purifier.The-battle 19 is .carriedby the partition 15 and has its upper sidefixedly secured to the intermediate portion of said partition and. onthe inner face thereof." The baffle 19 ex-" tends downwardlyand'outwardlyto a point in a plane with the lower edge of the parti tion15 and is spaced from the opposite par tition 16- for a distance equaltothe space bet-ween the lower edge of the partition 15 and bottom 5, orsubstantially so. The op posite -halite 18 is carried by the partition-16 and has its upper side fixedly secured to the inner face and adjacentthe upper end I ahd the like.
of the partition 16 and extends downwardly and outwardly to a pointadjacent the intermediate portion of the upper face of the battle 19,the space between the edge of the baffle 18 and face of the bailie 19corresponding approximately to the space between the partition 15 andbottom 5. With this construction it is obvious when the liquid entersthe inlet 17 and flows into the compartment formed by the partitions 15and 16 it will rise inthe pocketformed by the ballle 1!) and work itsway through the opening between the 'lower end of the said baille andadjacent the partition 16 and thence upwardly andinto the pocket formedby the baille 1.8 and partition and'thence through the opening betweenthe lower end of the battle 18 and baflie 10 and over the upper edgeof-the partition 16. Thus it will be seen as the water flows through thecompartments that the heavier grainsof sand and other foreign matter,will'b'e' first collected in the first compartment and the lighterparticles flowing over and into the second compartment whereby theoperation just described will be effected and tend to rid the water ofthe lighter grains of sand It is evident with thisconstruction thatafter the water has passed through three or morev of these compartmentsit willbe completely rid'of all foreign matter. I
The outlet pipe is designated by the numeral 20 and is located adjacentthe upper end of the. end wall 9 and at a point in a plane'with theupper edges of the parti tions 16.
'By referring now to Figs. 1'to3 inclusive it will be seen thatdepending from the bottom 5 between the plates 11 and 12 are a pluralityof'outlet-tubes 21. These members decrease in diameter from the inletend cut-off valve. The cut-01f valves are provided with valve stems 22,which terminate in crankhandles 23. The valve stems 22 andcrankhandles23 are all arranged on the .same .sideof the outlet pipe and-areconnected together by a single connecting rod or link 25L. By referencenow to F1 s. 2'-
and 3 .itwill be seen. that depending rom the outer side of the bottom 5is a bracket 25, the lower end of which extends to a point in a planewith the link 24, and journaled in this bracket arm is a shaft '26, the
inner end of which has keyed or otherwise secured thereto a quadrant 27,the teeth of which. mesh with the teeth formed on me lower side. of; oneportion of the link 24. The opposite end of the shaft 26 is providedwith a crank handle 28.. Projecting laterally from the intermediateportion of the outer face of the side wall 6 of the easof the casing andare each-provided with a 30 is movedin one direction that the shaftopening the valves, whereby the sand or other matter in the bottom ofthetank will flow through the outlet tubes 21. 7 An inclined trough orchute 31 is positioned below theoutlet tubes 21'and receives the matterflowing through said tubes and directs it to a. suitable receptacle.
lVhat is claimed as new, is
The herein described water purifier comprising a casing, a chambertherein, spaced partitions at opposite sides ofthe chamber fol-min inletand outlet channels the former discharging into the bottom and thelattcrleading. from the top of said chamher, oppositely inclined halllcsin said chamber disposed at different elevations and one overhanging theother and means for discharging sediment from the bottoms of saidchamber and said channel, said means comprising a plurality of dischargetubes,
a valve in each discharge tube, a crank handle operatively connected toeach valve, a link connecting all of said crank handles, ratchet teethformed on the lower edge of said link, a bracket supported by said casing, a shaft journaled in said bracket :1 toothed member mountedeccentrically on said shaft and operatively engaging the 1 teeth on thesaid shaft.
In testimony whereof, We allix our signatures, in presence of two\vitncsse.
link and means for rotating H. AULT.
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2024-03-22
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1909-10-05
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1911-03-14"
}
|
US-78986147-A
|
Linear structural member
Dec. 4, 1951 J, L, BARRETT 2,577,671
LINEAR STRUCTURAL MEMBER Filed Dec. 5, 1947 r Illlll'."
IN V EN TOR.
c/f/A/ L. 56766577' fw #M Patented Dec. 4, 1951 Application Djeeemter 5,1947;. sentirne. is'gse'i.
This invention"v relates'l to improvements linearMstructu'ra'l membersand'l particularly" toV such a; membern designed for use as" an'l antoemobile' top bow:
Anotherr object iste' provide'a structural"meine ber' of'V this typewhich is" light in" weight, of:
inexpensive` construction;l and* embodies' the" characteristics ofsubstantial" strength" and'Y resistance toundesirable" twisting,warping" or bending;l i
` Anotheroobject is t'oproylde4 'afstr'Uctura'lmem' ber'of` thischaracter"composed oi a pair'oiL cooperating linear` structural Vmemberswhich are so shaped and so' interlocked' together' as to reinforce eachother" and provide a composite structural memberu possessing' thedesiredxr characteristics of strength; light weight', andv cheap'-ness'.`
More" sp'eciiically each oithe* component linearY structural parts whichgoestto makeup the complete structural'memb'er is' oi" a generallychannel' shapeL in transverse cross' section and one such channel-shapedpartdsdisposedwithin'the channel of the other part and" so interlocke'dvtherewith' as4 to` provide a" strong' construction. A desirable featureresidesin the' fact that the one channel-shaped part which' is'disposed' in'- teriorly f of' then otherhas'its sidewalls engaged byinwardly: and downwardlyv turr'i'ejd` marginal'. portionsof theAsidewalls of/ the eizteriorly dis'- posed channel-shaped part" so' that"atensionxv is* exerted between the sidewalls of the'two parts tending tomaintain the interlocked engagement.
The one channel-shaped part which is dis'- posedtinteriorlywithin theother channel-shaped part is, in one embodiment, disposed therein insuch a manner' that the bottoms ofthe two parts rest one uponY anothervand-I the'- side`I walls of the two parts are disposed inspacedfparallel rela-f tionship and themargins of the side? walls of theouter channel-shaped part are inturnedI into interlocled engagement withtheside wall'sof the'. inner channel-shaped-part. On the other hand in`another embodiment the interiorly disposed' channel-shaped part isinverted` within the Vexterior channel-shaped partv whereby the bottomvoffthe interior channel serves toll the space between the interiorlybenty marginalfpcrtions ofthe side walls ofh the outer channel and liesflush therewith-*andA theY margins of the side Vwallsf of; such outerchannel abut the margins ofl the' side walls .of the innerchanneland'l'iold the same in place.
The interlocking engagement of the side walls `of the two channelshapedparts is such that a tension is exertedy there lfetweenv-holdingtlietwcrV channeleshaped parts together.'
OneL particularV embodiment of' this improvedy structure is" in anKMAautomobile"y top bow.V Such" bowshaveheretoiore'been commonlyforriieizlj of' tubes and* 'the tubes bent and formed int'othe desiredshape. My structural member-possessesadvantagesoverthetubularrnemberandjmy improvedbow"possessesadvantages as a'bowirl-tneparticul arY manner`v in which it is` formedL over the well knowntubular?bow'.r
In 'ai prefe'rrediorirrofbow'fabricatedas'hereiri'v setiortli, botnspecifici embodiments or the etnietural" member: are: einpi'oyed. Thetop portion oflmy" improved'bowfemploys the"modifl"cation1 wherein theinteriorly vdispfrsed channel?v meirrl'iier has the" bottom oil itschannel' arranged" witli' margins of" thesi'de wallsoftlie-outer. mem'-v ber; while. the" en'd portibnsof* my improved bows" have the twochannels arranged bottomto'bottoml and" with tli'ev side walls?s'paceor'y apart' butt'marginallyinterloeled andtlieinnercliannelcarries' a tacliing strip.
Various" other objects;` advantages' and" meritorious' features' ci"`the' invention will become more. i fllyj apparent from the'V followingspeeinl caticin',v claims Y andJ accompanying" drawings. wherein:
lig.L 1A is a. perspectiie",of a. fragment sofia cabriol't'body'-sl'owi'ngan automobile top; bow
1n use. Y
Fig. 2`isA acrosssectionalfview taken onvthe' line.. 2--2' of lig.v 1..
Figi 3i i'sia. cross sectional'Y View taken. on tl'ie lihe'3l-3'of1iig.I.
liig.V 4. is. a? cross sectional view through the outer, channel member.Y
ig.v` 5 isla`v cross. sectional view. showing,- oneI method of.inserting thev innerl channelrmember within-the outer channell member..
n In its generalaspects .this .invention .relatestc alinearstructuralmember.k Such.- rrlemberv is shownas madegupl of two linearstructural parts. Thesepartsaare intertted together so--asftorpre` vide.astrong; .light weightgrelatively inexpensive: structuralmemberwhichisadapted to beusedg for different purposes,l A *use presently in` mindlis thatsof;A an automobile top bow' and such ai' bow? is illustratedz asembodying l this invention the drawing, InQthe-:drawingthe bodyin'dicatedas, Hl is-E illustrative of.l thisftypeso'fgarticle andsuch--k bow; lsf-'formed of the composite/:lineair structural:memberzillustratedrin'.Figsi 2 andzi Fig. 1 illustrates a fragment of acabriolet body wherein the body portion is indicated as l2 and isprovided with a top structure wherein the bow I is employed. In thefabrication of this bow I prefer to make use of the two modifications ofthe invention illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. The invention as embodyingthe body structure of Fig. 2 comprises a channel-shaped part indicatedgenerally as I4. This channel-shaped part has a bottom which is convexupwardly as at IB and side walls I8. Each side wall is turned inwardlyas at 20 and then bent downwardly as at 22. The downwardly bent marginsof the two side walls engage cooperating shoulders of the side walls ofan inner channel member.
The inner channel member is shown disposed within the outer member andas having a bottom portion 24 which is convex inwardly to nest over thebottom portion I6 of the outer channel member I4. This inner channelmember has two opposed side walls 26 which are provided with shoulders2B adapted to be engaged by the edges of the downwardly turned margins22 of the side Walls of the outer channel member as shown particularlyin Fig. 2. The construction is such that the side walls of the outermember exert a tension or pressure against the side walls 26 of theinner member so as to maintain the two parts snugly locked together.
In the construction shown in Fig. 3 the outer channel member I4 isformed in the same fashion as shown in Fig. 2 having an interiorlyconvex bottom I6 and upstanding side walls I8 bent downwardly as at 20and provided with downwardly bent marginal portions 22. The innerchannel member is of a construction different from that shown in Fig. 2.This inner channel member has a bottom portion 30 and two side wallportions 32 which side wall portions are curved outwardly so that eachside wall is bent reversely upon itself forming a marginal portion 34provided with a shoulder 36 adapted to be engaged by the downwardly bentmarginal por' tions 22 of the side walls of the outer channel member.This is shown in Figs. 3 and 5. It will be seen that in this structurethe inner channel is inverted and its bottom portion is substantiallyflush with the portions 20 of the side walls of the outer channel memberso that a piece of fabric 35 may be stretched thereacross as shown inFig. 3 and be supported thereby.
The outer channel member is so formed that its side walls are normallyspaced apart a distance such that the downwardly bent marginal portions22 will exert a tension against the marginal portions oi the innerchannel member as they rest upon the shoulders thereof as shownparticularly in Figs. 2 and 3.
In order to assemble the inner channel member the side walls of theouter channel member may be held inwardly as shown in Fig. 5. When heldinwardly by fixtures as here shown the inner channel member may bereadily inserted therebetween. UponV release of the pressure against theside walls of the outer channel member the two members are interlockedtogether under tension. Though in Fig. the modiiied inner channel membershown in Fig. 3 is shown inserted in the outer channel member it isapparent that the inner channel member shown inv Fig. 2 could beinserted therein in the same way.
For a linear structural member either the form shown in Fig. 2 or thatshown in Fig. 3 might be employed. In the fabrication of an automobiletop bow it has been found desirable to employ both modifications. Thebow shown comprises the outer channel member I4 which extends for thefull length of the bow and is provided with suitable end ttings. The endportions of the bow may be formed from the modication shown in Fig. 2. Atacking strip 40 is shown in dotted outline as disposed therin and asshown in Fig. 3. A fabric sheet 35 may be stretched thereover andsecured thereto in any conventional manner. The intermediate or topportion of the bow may be formed of the modication shown in Fig. 3 and abow so formed has been found to be particularly suitable for use.
What I claim is:
1. A linear structural member comprising one linear portion which ischannel shaped in transverse cross section, a second linear portionwhich is channel shaped in transverse cross section and which isdisposed Within the channel of the first portion between the side wallsthereof in inverted relationship with the bottom of the channel shapedsecond portion disposed approximately flush with the upper margins ofthe side walls of the channel of the rst portion and with the side wallsof the second portion curved outwardly upon themselves and backwardlytoward the bottom of the channel and provided with inwardly disposedshoulders, the side walls of the rst portion being bent inwardly towardthe bottom of the second portion and then bent downwardly inside of andinto abutting engagement with the shoulders of the side walls of thesecond portion.
A linear structural member comprising one linear portion which ischannel shaped in transverse cross section, a second linear portionwhich is channel shaped in transverse cross section and which isdisposed within the channel of the first portion between the side wallsthereof ,in inverted relationship with the bottom of the channel shapedsecond portion disposed approximately iush with the uper margins of theside walls of the channel of the rst portion and with the side walls ofthe second portion seating against the bottom of the first portion andthen curved outwardly upon themselves and Vbackwardly toward the bottomof the channel and provided with shoulders facing opposite margins ofthe bottom of the channel and spaced therefrom, the side walls of thefirst portion being bent inwardly toward the bottom of the secondportion and then bent downwardly inside of and into abutting engagementwith the shoulders of the side walls of the second portion and tensionedoutwardly against the shoulders of the side walls of the second portion.
JOHN L. BARRETT.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le ofthis patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 364,989 Garmont June 14, 1887686,817 Macphail Nov. 10, 1901 1,113,559 Jordan Oct. 13, 1914 1,217,398Bonnell Feb. 27, 1920 1,347,881 Vetter July 27, 1920 1,668,953 EricksonMay 8, 1928 1,710,205 Clark Apr. 23, 1929 Y FOREIGN PATENTS NumberCountry Date 556,128 Germany Aug. 2, 1932
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2024-03-22
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1947-12-05
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1951-12-04"
}
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US-70907046-A
|
Apparatus for making powder puffs
Oct. 11,1949. 5. EPSTEIN ETAL 2,484,336
APPARATUS FOR MAKING POWDER PUFFS Filed Nov. 9, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet 1Jim Mom EPJZE/N Ross? BIA/AER IN VEN TORS BY a ar/1J0;
ATToIP/VEY Oct. 11, 1949.
S. EPSTEIN ET'AL APPARATUS FOR MAKING POWDER PUFFS 5 sheets sheet 2Filed Nov. 9, 1946 M. M B L k 6 E L a j q 4 j 1 m l INVENTORS BY MJEYMOUREPJZZ/I P0652? .BIHL-ER ATTORNEY Oct. 11, 1949.- s. EPSTEIN ETALAPPARATUS FOR MAKING POWDER PUFFS 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Nov. 9, 1946Sis-mow? Emir/1v [Baez-231mm INVENTORS BY M ATTORNEY Filed fiov. 9,19:46 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 IHIIHI 97 llH||| y l9 Q, m 99 M inimum ll 225 I375 1:! .63 1 5:": ,133 7 63 iii! 65 rl 5555 n 65 i iii 1. 68 53 rm- 5 I3973 7| m 46 4Q 83 5 63? 43 55 I282 no I :0 IOI los l03i 84' 5107 -76-EYMUUR PJ'JE/N 64/ Remains /& INVENTO 5 Oct. 11, 1949. s. EPSTEIN EI'AL2,484,336
APPARATUS FOR MAKING POWDER PUFFS ATTORNEY S. EPSTEIN ETAL APPARATUS FORMAKING POWDER PUFFS 5 Sheets-Shet 5 Filed Nov. 9, 1346 INVENTORSATTORNEY Patented Oct. 11, 1949 UNITED 2,484,336 APPARATUS FOR MAKINGPOWDER PUFFS I Seymour Epstein, New Fork, and Roger Bihler,
Brentwood, N. Y.
Application November 9, 1946, Serial No. 709,070
13 Claims. 1
stitching the same together incompletely about the perimeters thereof toform an inside out pocket. A padding or stufiing is provided and thepocket is manually turned right side out by the use of a turning stickor similar projection. After the pocket is turned the open edges aremanually connected by stitching or cement. Such construction and methodsare subject to several disadvantages. Many of the pockets are damaged inthe turning operation. It is difficult to place the stuffing within thepocket so that it li s smoothly. The total number of operations is greatwith a consequent high labor cost. The turning operation puts the clothof the casing under excessive strain resulting in many damaged puffs orthe use of a heavier material with resultant higher cost. The separateclosing of a portion of the edge of the puff casing usually results in alack of uniformity of the edgeand the puckered appearance of the lastclosed portion detracts from the appearance of the entire pufL' It istherefore, among the objects of the present invention to provide noveland useful powder puff constructions and methods of making same whichavoid the above described disadvantages of the prior art.
Another object herein lies in the provision of powder puff constructionwherein the inturned edges of the casing are simultaneouslyinterconnected in an adhesive manner.
Another object lies in the provision of powder puffs wherein the paddingor stuffing is in a laminar arrangement with separate laminationsengaged by the casing connection members of each of the separate casingelements.
Another object herein lies in an improved powder puff having greaterdurability and shape retaining characteristics.
Another object herein lies in the provision of new methods, and stepstherein, in the production of powder puffs of the class described.
Another object herein lies in the provision of novel and useful meansfor the productionof powder puffs of the class described wherein a largeproportion of the operations are automatically performed, and whichmeans may be manipulated by a single operator having a relatively lowdegree of skill.
The invention in the apparatus or means for the production of the powderpuffs is claimed in the present application, and the invention in thepowder puff construction and the method for producing the same isclaimed in our divisional co-pending application, Serial No. 63,593,filed December 4, 1948.
These objects and other incidental ends and advantages will more fullyappear in the progressof this disclosure and be pointed out in theitemed claims.
In the drawings in which similar reference characters designatecorresponding parts throughout the several views:
Fig. 1 is a front elevational view of a machine, an embodiment of theinvention, utilizing the present method of manufacturing powder pulls.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view, partly in section asseen from the right of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary plan view as seen from the plane 33 on Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a side elevational view partly in section, and correspondinggenerally to Fig. 2, by showing the parts in an altered positionthereof.
Fig. 5 is a fragmentary front elevational view as seen from the plane.55 on Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevavational view as seen fromthe plane 6-6 on Fig. 5.
Fig. '7 is an enlarged fragmentary detailed sectional view correspondingto the lower left hand portion of Fig. 4.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view showingdetails of a lower portion of Fig. 7 with the puff removed.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view, schematic in nature, showing a web ofmaterial after one blanking operation and illustrates a first step inthe present method.
Fig. 10' is a plan view of a single puff casing element showing a secondstep in present method.
Fig. 11 is a view in perspective of a pad in a third step of the presentmethod.
Fig. 12 is a plan view of a casing element the edge of which is foldedover a pad element in a fourth step in the present method.
Fig. 13 is an exploded view of a puff in accordance with the presentinvention.
Fig. 14 is a view corresponding to Fig. 13 showing a second form ofpuff.
Fig. 15 is a vertical sectional View of a powder puff showing a thirdform thereof.
In accordance with the invention a powder puff 25 is manufactured byfirst taking two casing elements, 2| and 22 and placing upon the innersurfaces 23 and 24 thereof pad elements 25 and 26 respectively.Preferably prior to this last described assembly, or simultaneously withthe original blanking of an element such as the element 2! from the webof planar material 21 the periphe ery 29 is provided with a plurality ofnotches 3i. The element 22 has the periphery'30 thereof provided withsimilar notches 32. The notches 3i and 32 are preferably V-shaped andthe edges thereof converge toward the center at points substantiallyequidistant with respect to said center. The notches therefore form thetabs 33 and 3 1. The circle along which said points of convergence lieis approximately of the same diameter as the finished puff.
Thus, the puff 20 may be formed by taking an element 22 with thenormally outer surface downward (see Fig. 13) so that in the case of aplush type puff, the pile extends downwardly and outwardly. Followingthis a pad element 26 is placed upon the surface 24 and then the tabs 34are folded inwardly through the dot dash position of Fig. 13 to take theposition shown in Fig. 13 in full lines. The element 2| has the padelement 25 placed against the surface 23 and the tabs are foldedinwardly. Following this a layer of adhesive 53, indicated schematicallyin Fig. 13, is placed between the juxtaposed surfaces of the tabs 33 and34. The adhesive 59 may be of any suitable type such as one containingan air drying solvent or may be one which is thermoplastic or thermosetting. The finished puff will appear in elevation as seen in Fig. 4,and in section as seen in Fig. 7.
In Fig. 14 another form of puff is shown which differs from that justdescribed, in that the casing element 2| and the pad element 25 areomitted and have substituted therefor a back element Mia. The otherparts being similar to those previously described, to avoid needlessrepetition, are given the same reference characters with the addition ofthe suflix a. In the form'of puff shown in Fig. 14, the adhesive may beprovided in the form of a layer Ella lying on the under surface of theback element 40a.
Another form of puff made in accordance with our invention is shown inFig. 15 where a reinforcing element 41b is interposed between the tabs33b and 3%. Also a handle strap 62b is engaged between the element Nband the tabs33b. The reinforcing element #llb may be secured in place bylayers of adhesive 50b, or it may be a piece of fabric having a coating,on both surfaces thereof, of an adhesive material.
Any suitable type of adhesive material may be used in any of theadhering operations of assembly. Thus, we'may use water soluble glues.The drying of these may be hastened by solvents of higher volatilitysuch as alcohol. We can use natural or synthetic rubber cement. Wehaveused cements which contain synthetic resins, for example of the Vinylpolymer type. For adhesion through the use of heat, cements containinggutta percha have been found satisfactory. Obviously,
the composition of the cement will vary with the.
nature of the materials being united, and with the means for producingsetting.
The puffs 20, 20a and 20b produced asdescribed of the puff in place andcauses a uniform appearance thereof. This efiect is even more pronouncedin the form shown in Fig. 15.
The machine for manufacturing the powder puffs in accordance with thepresent invention has the details thereof shown in Figs. 1 to 8inclusive. The machine generally indicated by reference character 15comprises broadly: a first or bottom puff forming element 46; and asecond or top forming element 4? a puff pressing element it; heatingmeans 39; second puff forming element inverting means 56; first andsecond casing element holding means 52 and 53; and first and secondcasing element periphery bending or tipping means 54 and 55.
The machine is preferably mounted upon a base 56 which is slightly belownormal table height for a seated operator. Thus the base 55 may besupported from a floor 51 upon legs 58. Such a positioning permits theoperator to conveniently place powder puff components within theelements 36 and simultaneously. The main operating pedals 5:? are placedin a position convenient for foot actuation on the part of the operator.
The first and second elements 55 and 47 are in many respectssubstantially identical so that a detailed description of portions ofone will suffice for the'other. For clarity in the disclosure, a part onthe first element 55 has an even ordinal and the corresponding part onthe element 4! will have the next odd ordinal as a reference character.
The elements 46 and 41 have cup shaped housings t2 and S3 withcylindrical side walls 6d and t5. Extending from the walls 64 and 65 arefrusto-conical walls and 61 which merge with the bottom or end walls 68and 69 respectively. The housings and 63 therefore form chambers W andii, the principal openings of which are closed by the die elements 72and '13.
The die elements 12 and 13 are generally of shallow cup shape andconsidering such cups as occupying a position shown in Fig. 8 have abottom wall 74 and a top wall 15, an angular circular wall l6 and TI,and side cylindrical walls 78 and 79, respectively. The die element 12is fixedly secured to the inner surface of the side wall 6 2 in anysuitable manner as by the use of screws Which-extend through the wall 64and enter the wall 78, said screws not being illustrated for vthepurpose of clarity. The wall 19 including the second bending ortipping'means 55 generally is fixedly secured to the wall 65 in a mannersimilar to that used for securing wall '18 as described above. The topwall 15 and the angular wall 11 are integral and are movable as a unitwith respect to the wall 19. Together the walls 75 and 11 form a pistonor pressure head 8| which is connected to the relatively free or outerend of the hollow piston rod 80.
As best seen in Fig. 8, the wall 14 is provided with an annular row ofair holes 82, and the angular wall 16 has another annular row of airholes 84. Similarly, the top wall 15 has an annular row of air holes 83and the angular wall 11 has an annular row of air holes 85. The holes 85extend through the stationary and movable parts thereof so that when thepressure head 8I moves down the air flow through the holes 85 is cutoff. We have found this to be satisfactory, but where a more continuoushold upon the puff casing element is desired the holes 05 may, extendinstead, vertically through the head 8|.
The air holes 82 and 84 communicate with the chamber 10, and thencethrough the suction line 86, through the valve 88 to the main vacuumline 90, going to the reduced pressure tank 92 on the low side of thecompressor 94. Similarly, the air holes 83 and 95 communicate with thechamber H. The suction circuit from the chamber H continues through theorifices 89, through the hollow bore 9I of the piston rod 80, to theleft through the axial bore 95 of the axle 91 and thence through theflexible tube 81 which as seen in Fig. 1 connects with the valve 88.
The means 54 and 55 for bending or tipping the periphery of the casingelements 22 and 2| respectively, include a plurality of fingers IM andI02 which are arranged in a'circular fashion and are adapted forreciprocal movement radially with respect to the axes of theirrespective die elements 12 and 13. Since all of the fingers IM and I02are substantially identical, a detailed description of one will sufficefor all. Any finger,
IOI has a sloping front wall I03 forming a lip I05. The bottom surfacesof the finger I9I rest upon the surface I91 of the wall 18. The uppersurface of the finger IN is maintained in position by the under surfaceof the guide ring I09, the latter having the guide shoulder III.Later-ally thereof, the finger MI is supported between an adjacent pairof finger vertical guides, H3 and H5 which project up from the surfaceI01. The finger IOI is indented on the under surface thereof to formfront and rear depending projections H1 and H9. An annular flange I2Iprojects upwardly from the surface I01 and extends into the depressionin the under surface of the finger II. This forms two annular chambers;the forward one of which is occupied by an expansive tube I23 and therear one of which is occupied by a resilient member I25. The resilientmember I25 may take the form of a serpentine spring and it is preferablydiscontinuous so that it may lengthen when compressed by the expansiveaction of the tube I23. Normally the finger IOI is maintained in itsretracted inactive position thereof by the spring I23. Fluid pressure inthe tube I23 expands the chamber between the flange I2I and theprojection II1 so as to advance the finger into an active positionthereof shown in dot dash lines, for example, in Fig. 8. The fluidpressure may be pneumatic or hydraulic and in the example shown ispneumatic, the air under pressure traveling from the high side 93 of thecompressor 99, through the pressure line 96, valve I21, the tube 98 andthe flexible tube 99. Suitable coupling devices I25 may be used totransmit the pressure to the tube I23. In going to the expansive tubeI24, the air under pressure travels through the flexible tube 99 throughthe right hand portion of the axle 91, down through the bore 9|, outthrough one of the openings 89 and thence via the flexible tube I29.
Because the tube I29 is flexible, sufiicient slack is allowed so thatthe piston 80 may reciprocate within the bearings in the strut I33 andthe wall 59. The collar I35 in abutting against the inner surfaceof thewall 69 acts as a stop for movement of the piston out of the element 41.This motion is of course relative since the expansive spring I31 urgesthe housing 63 away from the axle 91. The head 8I contains the heatingmeans 49 which may be of any suitable type as, for example, anelectrical resistance coil I49. The coil I49 may be removed and replacedby removal and replacement of the plate I15 forming a portion of thewall 15. Electrical energy may be supplied to the resistor I49 by theconductors I13 which pass up through one of the holes 89, through thebore SI and at one portion through the flexible tube 99 as it goesthrough the right hand portion of the axle 91. Sufficient clearanceexists through the tube 99 in the portion |1I for the passage of air sothat it bypasses the conductors I13. The conductors I13 are connected tothe switch I11 whence they are connected to the conductors I19 and I8I,in turn connected to the conductors I83. Conductors I83 are connected tothe source-of electrical power 299.
The spring 241 urges the axle 91 to rotate in a counter-clockwisedirection as viewed in Figure 4. The spring 291 is connected at its endsto said axle and the carriage I99.
The axle 91 is rotatably journaled in the bearings 2.00 and 20l at theouter ends of a bifurcated element 202 forming a part of the carriageI99. The element 202 is slideably mounted for vertical reciprocation byits integral sleeve 203 which rides upon the standard 204. The sleeve203 has a groove 295 which is in engagement with the spline or key 299secured to the forward surface of the standard 204. The carriage I99 isurged as a unit against the upper detent 201 by the compression spring299 which forms the main elevating means for the carriage I99. Thecarriage I99 is moved downwardly upon the upright standard 204 by themeans I 98 for moving the carriage toward the element 46. The means I98may be of any suitable character such as pneumatic, hydraulic ormechanical. We have shown by way of example a toggle including thelevers 209, ll!) and 2| I. Thelever 209 at the upper end thereof ispivotally connected by the pin 2 I2 to an extension 2 I 3 from thedetent 201. The extension 2I3 extends rearwardly of the device. Thelower end of the lever 2I0 is pivotally connected by a pin 2I4 upon anupward extension 2 I5 integral with the rear portion of the element 202.The juxtaposed ends of the levers 209 and 2I0 are pivotallyinterconnected, and slideably connected to the upper end of the lever 2by the pin 2I6 which rides within the slot 2I1. The lever 2H ispivotally mounted by the pin 2I8 upon the bearing 2I9, the latter beingsuspended from the lower surface of the base 56. The upper arm of thelever 2I I penetrates the base 56 through the opening 220. The lower endof the lever .2 is provided with the pedal 60. The arrangement of theparts is such that when the operator moves the pedal 60 a suflicientdistance rearwardly of the device, the levers 209 and 2 I 0 take theposition shown in Fig. 4, while upon release of pressure from the pedal69 the spring 298 urges the parts tothe positions shown in Fig. 2. Thepedal 09 may be aided in its movement towardits forward position by wellknown booster springs not shown.
The bearing 200 is provided with a slot 221, said slot occupying an areain excess of degrees. A pin 222 extends radially from the left end ofthe axle 91 and rides within the slot 22'I and is adapted to ultimatelyengage the adjustable stops "223 and 224. The stops may be adjusted. sothat the shaft 91 may rotate rearwardly' throughlBO degrees as viewed inFig. 1. Secured to'the shaft 9! next to the bearing 200 is a halfpulley225 and a flexible element 226 is secured at the lower end thereof tothe portion 22'! of the half-pulley 225. The flexible element 226changes its direction about a pulley 228 which is journaled in a support229 projecting forwardly from the sleeve 283. The upper end of theflexible element 226 is connected to the lower end of a tension spring239. The opposite end of the spring 239 is connected to a support 23|extending forwardly from the detent 297. The spring 238 is relativelystiff. The flexible element 226 may take the form of a steel cable, ormay be a chain. The action of the flexible element 226 is such thatstarting with the' position shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, as the carriageI99 is lowered by the movement of the toggles 299 and 2H3, the lower endof the element 225 lying within, the groove 232 pulls the halfpulley ina clockwise directionas shown in Fig. 2 L
so that the element 41 passes through an intermediate position indicatedby the dot dash lines on said figure. Continued downward movement of thecarriage I99 causes the surface 235 on the housing 53 to contact thesurface 234 on the housing 62. This situation occurs before the toggles209 and 2|9 align so that the last portion of the downward movement ofthe carriage I99 results in the movement of the piston 80 and the partsconnected thereto from the position shown in Fig. 8 to that shown inFigs. 4 and 7. Relief in the tension of the element 226 during this lastdescribed movement is provided by the spring 230 accompanied by acompression of the spring I37.
The control for the valve 88 which may be of :2;-
the electrically operated solenoid type, is the switch 236, which opensthe valve 88 when the plunger and roller thereof are moved to the leftas viewed in Fig. 1. This is accomplished by a cam 23! which is moveddownwardly by the pedal 59. The valve I2? is also of the electricallyoperated type and is controlled by the switch 238. Switch 238 is closedby the cam 239. The pedal 59 is pivotally mounted at the forward endthereof by a hinge 249 upon the floor 51. The cams 231 and 239 aremounted upon the carrier 24| which is suitably arranged for verticalreciprocation and at the lower end thereof is hingedly connected to therear end of the pedal 59. The switch 242 is in series with the conductorI83 leading to the switches 236 and'238. The conductors I55 and I55connect the valves 88 and I2! with the switches 235 and 238respectively. The lever 2| I carries a cam 263 which acts upon theroller and plunger of the switch 242 to open-circuit said switch whenthe pedal 69 is in a rearward position thereof; that is to say when thehousings 52 and 63 have the surfaces 234 and 235 in contact.
Operation In one manner of operation, the motor 244 is connected to thepower source 250 by the conductors 249 and the compressor builds up therequired pressure and vacuum. The values of pressure and vacuum areregulated in any suitable manner as by automatic safety valves (notshown) which operate when predetermined levels are reached. With theparts as seen in Fig. 8, plush blanks r casing elements 22 and 2| areplaced upon the guide rings I99 and H0 respectively with their outeredges and 29 inwardly of the guide shoulders 2 and Ill respectively. Thecasing elements 2| and 22 will now appear as shown in Fig. 2. If thecasing elements are composed of relatively soft material, they may n.IJU
the pedal 59.
sag slightly in-the center owing togravity but thisneed not change thegeneral position thereof. The casing elements 2| and 22 are placed uponthe guide rings H0 and I09 respectively with the pile surfaces down sothat these plush 0r velour surfaces will be outermost in the finishedpuff. This operation may be simultaneously performed by theoperator'using the left hand to place the element 2|, and the right handto place the element 22. Next the pad elements 25 and 26 are placedcentrally upon the casing elements 2| and 22 respectively. This isindicated by the dot dash lines on Fig. 2. 7
Following this, the operator presses down upon The cam 23'! engages theswitch 236 which connects the lines 86 and 81 with the vacuum line 90.This produces reduced pressure in the chambers 10 and II and the casingelements 2| and 22, as well as the pad elements 25 and 26 are pulledinto the position shown in the dash-double-dot lines in Fig. 2. As analternative the pedal 59 may have been partially depressed so as toproduce the suction before the pad elements -25 and 26 are put intoposition.
At this stage the tabs 33 and 34 are substantially perpendicular (seethe dot dash lines in Fig. 13). Continued downward movement of the pedal59 brings the cam 239 down so that it causes a contact of short durationwithin the switch 238. This quickly opens and closes the valve I21 sothat the tubes I23 and I24 push the fingers |9| and I02 into theiractive positions from which they quickly retreat. The fingers bend thetabs 33 and 34 inwardly an amount sufficient so that they are caughtwithin the flow of air, leaving the die elements I4 and I5 through theair holes 82 through 85 inclusive. This results in the tabs being movedto the position shown in the full lines in the Figs. 13 and 14.
Continued downward movement of the pedal 59 results in no change of thisgeneral condition; the reduced air pressure within the chambers 10 and1| being continued by the length of the cam 231. At this stage a layerof cement or a ring of thermo-plastic cement such as that indicated byreference character 50 in Fig. 13 is placed upon the then uppermostsurface of the tabs 34.
Following this the pedal 69 is moved rearwardly and this results in theinversion of the element 41, the upper puff half being maintained inposition by the relative vacuum in the upper housing 63. Travelingthrough the dot dash position of Fig. 2, the element 41 comes to rest sothat the surface 235 contacts the surface 234 (see Fig. 8). Continuedmovement of the pedal 69 brings the piston 89 down so that the pressurehead 8| brings the then upper puff half down into contact with the lowerhalf (see Fig. 7). In this position of the parts, pressure is maintainedfor a sufficient period of time and to a sufficient degree to assure theadherence of the two puff halves produced by the cement layer. While inthis position' the pressure and suction has been out off by theactuation of the switch 242 which opens the circuit to the valves 88 andI2I. Bleeding of pressure or vacuum may be accomplished in the valveswhen they are moved to their closed positions so that the lines 81 and99 may return to a normal atmospheric pressure in a suitable manner.
The operator may now release pressure from the pedal 59 and followingthis release pressure from the pedal 60, whereupon the parts will returnto their original position of Fig. 1 and the now integrated puff 20 willlie within the die element I2.
From here it may be manually removed and deposited in a suitablecontainer (not shown). If desired air pressure may be introduced intothe chamber H! (by means not shown) so as to blow the finished productout of the Way to prepare the machine for the next cycle.
The production of heat is shown to be accomplished by the heatingelement I49 and this assists in the drying of the cement or promotesfusion of a heat activated cement. Where desired the die 12 may befurnished with similar heat means.
While the die elements 12 and 13 are of circular shape so as to producea round puff 2!], obviously other shapes may be used such as octagonal,square or irregular. Because the size of the pufi is materially affectedby the size of the dies. 12 and 13,. the pufis produced 'aI'18:'0f=SL1bstantially accurately predetermined size. This offers an improvement inuniformity on prior art products and enables the finished puff toproperly fit an accurately sized container or box.
By the substitution of a smaller casing element such as the casingelement Zia and the omission of the pad element 25, a flat backed puffsuch as that shown in Fig. 14 may be obtained. Similarly, the ribbon421) may be placed beneath a casing element 2!!) as the pufi 2th isassembled so as to produce a pufi having a handle. use of the presentmachine the form 'of puff shown in Fig. 15 may be fabricated.
It may thus be seen that we have disclosed novel and useful powder puffconstructions, methods of making the same, and means for such purposes.We wish it to be understood that we do not desire to be limited to theexact details of construction shown and described, for obviousmodifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.
We claim:
1. In a powder puff making device, for use with a powder puff casingelement in the form of a substantially flexible and planar blank of aneffective diameter or Width greater than the efiective diameter or widthof the finished puff: a die element having a bottom surface andupstanding rim, the distance between opposed portions of said rim beingapproximately the size of the finished puff; pneumatic means to move thecentral portion of said blank into contact with said bottom surface,whereby the edge of said blank is brought into contact with the innersurface of said rim; and a reciprocable finger in said rim adapted inthe active position thereof to lie inwardly of said die so as to movethe edge of the puff blank farther into the pneumatic flow produced bysaid pneumatic means.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1 including means to reciprocate saidfinger.
3. In a machine for manufacturing powder puffs, a die element having abottom wall and a side Wall, said die element having a diameter lessthan that of a powder puff casing blank which is placeable over themouth of said die element, means for applying suction through a wall ofsaid die element, means for forcing said powder puff blank into the dieelement to take the contour of the same and for holding the thus shapedblank in the die element by the suction flow applied through said wallof the die element, and means for inbending the periphery of the saidshaped blank which extends at the mouth of said die element.
4. A machine for making powder puffs comprising two forming mechanisms,each for forming a half of a powder puff casing, means for Also bythemoving said mechanisms towards and away from each other in theoperation of uniting said halves to form the completed powder puff, eachof said mechanisms comprising a die element having a bottom wall and aside wall, said die element having a diameter less than that of a powderpuff casing blank which is placeable over the mouth of said die element,means for applying suction through a wall of said die element, means forforcing said powder puff blank into the die element to take the contourof the same and for holding the thus shaped blank in the die element bythe suction flow applied through said wall of the die element, and meansfor inbending the periphery of the said shaped blank which extends atthe mouth of said die element.
5. In a machine for manufacturing powder puffs, a die element having abottom wall and a side wall, said die element having a diameter lessthan that of a powder pufi casing blank which is placeable over themouth of said die element, means for applying suction through'a wallincluding a peripheral region of said die element, means for forcingsaid powder pufi blank into the die element to take the contour of thesame and for holding the thus shaped blank in'the die element by thesuction flow applied through said wall or the die element, and means forin-bending into said die element the periphery of the said shaped blankwhich extends at the mouth of said die element, said in-bent peripherybeing then held in the suction flow at the peripheral region of the dieelement.
6. A. machine for manufacturing powder pulls comprising two formingmechanisms, each for forming a half of a powder puff casing, means formoving said mechanisms towards and away from each other in the operationof uniting said halves to form the completed powder puff, each of saidmechanisms comprising a die element having a bottom wall and a sidewall, said die element having a diameter less than that of a powder puffcasing blank which is placeable over the mouth of said die element,means for applying suction through a wall including a peripheral regionof said die element, means for forcing said powder puff blank into thedie element to take the contour of the same and for holding the thusshaped blank in the die element by the suction flow applied through saidwall of the die element, and means for in-bending into said die elementthe periphery of the said shaped blank which extends at the mouth ofsaid die element, said in-bent periphery being then held in the suctionflow at the peripheral region of the die element.
7. In a machine for manufacturing powder pulls, a die element having abottom wall and a side wall, said die element having a diameter lessthan that of a powder puff casing blank which is placeable over themouth of said die element, means for applying suction through a Wall ofsaid die element, said powder puff blank being movable into the dieelement to take the contour of the same, the thus shaped blank beingadapted to be held in the die element by the suction now applied throughsaid wall of the die element, and means for in-bending the periphery ofthe said shaped blank which extends at the mouth of said die element.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 in which the bottom wall of the die elementis axially movable with respect to the side wall, and means forrelatively moving said bottom and side walls.
9. A machine for manufacturing powder puffs comprising two formingmechanisms, each for forming a half ofa powder pufi casing and eachcomprising the apparatus of claim 7, and means for moving the said twomechanisms towards and away from each other in the operation of unitingsaid halves to form the completed powder pufl.
10. In a machine for manufacturing powder pufis, a die element having abottom wall and a side wall, said die element having a diameter lessthan that of a powder pufi casing blank which is placeable over the topof said die element, means for applying suction through a wall includinga peripheral region of said die element, said powder puff blank beingmovable into the die element to take the contour of the same, the thusshaped blank being adapted to be held in the die element by the suctionflow applied through said wall of the die element, and means forin-bending the periphery of the said shaped blank which extends at thetop of said die element, said in-bent periphery being held in thesuction flow at the peripheral region of the die element.
11. The apparatus of claim in which the bottom wall and the side Wall ofthe die element are movable axially relatively to each other.
12. A machine for manufacturing powder puffs comprising two formingmechanisms, each for forming a half of a powder puff casing and eachcomprising the apparatus of claim 10, and means for moving the said twomechanisms towards and away from each other in the operation of unitingsaid halves to form the completed powder puff.
13. In a machine for manufacturing powder pufis, a, shallow cup-shapeddie element having a diameter less than that of a powder puff casingblank which is placeable over the top of said die element, means forapplying suction through a wall of said die element, said powder puffblank being movable into the die element to take the contour of thesame, the thus shaped blank being adapted to be held in the die elementby the suction flow applied through said Wall of,the die element, andmeans for in-bending the periphery of the blank which extends at the topof said die element.
SEYMOUR EPSTEIN; ROGER BII-ILER.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent;
UNITED STATES PATENTS
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2024-03-22
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1946-11-09
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1949-10-11"
}
|
US-514706D-A
|
Buckle
D. F. DALTON; BUCKLE.
Patented Feb. 18; 1894.
Mme/04w: M/UQAXM! i I. l r
UNITED STATE PATENT OFFICE.
DANIEL F. DALTON, OF WATERBURY, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO FRANK W.WHITCHER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.
BUCKLE SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent NO. 514,706, datedFebruary 13, 1894.
Application filed April 24, 1893- Serial No. 471,533- (ITomodeL)description, whereby any one skilled in the art can make and use thesame.
My invention relates more particularly to the class of buckles that areadapted for use on shoes or like articles of foot wear, and
the object of my invention. is to provide a buckle of this class thatshall be durable, effective and comparatively simple, and neat inappearance when in use.
To this end my invention consists in the details of the several partsmaking up the buckle as a whole and in the combination of such parts asmore particularly hereinafter described and pointed out in the claim.
Referring to the drawings: Figure 1 isa detail top or plan view of thebuckle parts. Fig. 2 is a detail edge view of the buckle parts. Fig. 3is a detail plan view of the buckle showing the parts engaged. Fig. 4 isa detail edge view in longitudinal section .of the buckle showing theparts engaged. y In the accompanying drawings the lettera denotes thetongue plate made preferably of sheet metal cut or stamped to shape withan opening I) making the plate substantiallyan oblong frame, from thefront cross-bar c of which there is a backward and downward projectingtongue 0 left integral with the substance of the plate. On the rearcross bar 01 of the frame there is hinged an attaching loop a unitedwith the bar by wrapping a project-ing part of the loop about the bar01, thus hinging the plate to the loop and adapting the latter to befolded under the frame as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings. The frontedge of the tongue plate is provided with a projection a forming afinger hold that enables the plate to be lifted and disengaged from thecatch-plate. The catch-plate f is formed from sheet metal cut or stampedto shape and usually curved, sockets f being formed by cutting throughthe substance of the plate along its center line. A fastening loop 9 ishinged to one end of the plate and serves as a means of attaching thecatch plate to an article as to the quarter of a shoe or to a strapsecured thereto. The tongueplate a is secured to one quarter of ashoe'by means of a rivet passing through a hole in the loop e and thecatch-plate f is secured to the opposite quarter by means of a rivetpassing through an opening inthe loop g,,the tongue-plate andcatch-plate being by usual means fastened so as to permit of a swingingno movement by reason of the hinge joint between the loops and thetongue-plate and catch plate respectively. The end of the catch-plate isthrust through the opening I) in the tongue-plate to an extentsufficient to close the shoe tightly upon the foot and then on releasingthe pull the tongue 0' slips into and engages in one of the sockets f inthe catch-plate, the buckle in such case being located as shown in Fig.3 of the drawings.
In order to unfasten the buckle the tongueplate is lifted so as todisengage the tongue 0' from the socket f and allow the catch-plate tobe slipped out of the opening in the tongue-plate. Unless the tongue isheld at some distance above the surface of the catch-plate this peculiarshape will cause it to be engaged with the next succeeding socket in thecatch-plate as the parts are moved along each other and this peculiarlocation and operation of the tongueforms one feature of my improvementin the combined parts.
The several parts of the buckle may be made of any desired metal andfinished and ornamented in anydesired color or style.
I claim as my invention In a shoe buckle, in combination, a catch plateprovided with a series of engaging sockets, an attaching loop hinged toone end of the catch plate and adapted to be folded under it, a tongueplate having an opening and a downward and rearward projecting tongueintegral with the frame of the tongue plate, and a finger holeprojecting from the front edge of the tongue plate, and an attachingloop hinged to the edge of the tongue plate and adapted to be foldedunder it, all substantially as described.
DANIEL F. DALTON.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1894-02-13"
}
|
US-52480155-A
|
Treatment of tall oil fatty acids
United States Patent TREATMENT OF TALL OIL FATTY ACIDS Charles S. Nevin,Stamford, Conn., assignor to American Cyanamid Company, New York, N. Y.,a corporation of Maine No Drawing. Application July 27, 1955, Serial No.524,801
6 Claims. (Cl. 260--97.5)
This invention relates to methods of improving the drying properties oftall oil fatty acid mixtures containing low percentages of rosin acidsand more particularly is concerned with methods of improving the dryingproperties, color and odor of tall oil fatty acid mixtures from whichsubstantially all or at least a major proportion of the rosin acids havebeen removed.
Tall oil is a mixture consisting primarily of (l) rosin acids related tothe abietic acids and (2) fatty acids for the most part oleic andlinoleic acids. It is obtained as a by-product in the manufacture ofkraft paper by the sulfate process. In this process, chips of pine woodare digested under heat and pressure with a solution of sodium hydroxideand sodium sulfide in order to free the cellulose of other woodconstituents. The highly alkaline solution forms soluble sodium soaps ofthe lignin and rosin and of the fatty acids originally present asesters. These are washed out of the wood pulp as a dark solution, knownas black liquor, which is concentrated, cooled and allowed to standwhereby fatty acid and rosin soaps separate out as a dark brown, curdymass called black liquor soap. This black liquor soap is skimmed off andis boiled with sulfuric acid to convert the sodium soaps into free rosinand fatty acids. The reaction mixture is allowed to settle and theclear, brown, crude tall oil separates out and may be collected.
Crude tall oil comprises a mixture of rosin and fatty acids and isnormally clear, dark brown oil containing from about 35 to about 55% byWeight of rosin acids and from about 60 to about 40% by weight of fattyacids, plus from about 5 to about by weight of other constituents,primarily unsaponifiables and materials of unestablished chemicalidentity.
Crude tall oil is ideal for applications where rosin acids and fattyacids can be used together and are employed in many commercial instancessuch as in the paint and varnish industries in applications where theirdark color or other restrictions do not prohibit their use.
Distilled and fractionated tall oil products with reduced amounts ofrosin acids are commercially available. Their composition ranges fromabout 20 to about 35% by Weight of rosin acids and from about 80 toabout 65% by weight of fatty acids, plus from about 1 to about 5.5% byweight of unsaponifiables and other materials. These products arelight-colored and are excellent for industrial applications in thepaint, enamel and varnish industries, having excellent dryingproperties, color and odor.
More highly fractionated products from which substantially all or atleast a major portion of the rosin acids have been removed are alsocommercially available. Such products may comprise, for example, fromabout 1 to about 12% by weight of rosin acids and from about 83 to about98% by weight of fatty acids, plus from about 1 to about 5% by weight ofunsaponifiables and other materials. These products are even lightercolored, have a relatively good odor but, due to their low rosin acidcontent, do not possess the fast drying properties possessed by the lessfractionated mixtures having a higher rosin acid content.
Inasmuch as such more highly fractionated products containing lowerpercentages of rosin acids are more desirable from a color retention andflexibility standpoint but are less desirable from a drying standpoint,it is a principal purpose of the present invention to improve theirdrying properties to render them more desirable from both standpointsand consequently of more widespread industrial application.
Attempts have hitherto been made to remove the interfering constituentsresponsible for the poor drying qualities of such refined tall oil fattyacid. products containing low amounts of rosin acids but such attemptshave been either unsuccessful or uneconomical. Such prior attempts haveincluded, for example, fractional distillation, extraction of the soapswith selected solvents, extraction of the free acids with furfural,extraction with propane by the Solexol process and separation by lowtemperature crystallization.
it has now been found that, if these tall oil fatty acid productscontaining from about 1 to about 12% by weight of rosin acids and fromabout 83 to about 98% by weight of fatty acids, plus from about 1 toabout 5% by weight of unsaponifiables and other interfering materials,are treated by the combined processes of the present invention, theinterfering materials are removed and/or modified and the treatedproducts possess vastly improved drying characteristics.
More specifically, it has now been found that, if these tall oil fattyacid products containing negligible or low amounts of rosin acids aretreated with metallic zinc, the zinc apparently reacts with the fattyacids to release hydrogen and thus creates reducing conditions whichaffeet the nature and properties of the undesirable natural antioxidantsor interfering materials (particularly, the boiling points thereof)whereby a simple distillation may be employed to separate them from thedesired tall oil fatty acid mixture.
Additionally, it is believed that the zinc or the zinc tallate which isformed acts presumably somewhat as catalyst to promote polymerization orcondensation re actions of such interfering materials to change theirproperties whereby they are rendered non-volatile under conditions oftemperature and pressure wherein the tall oil fatty acid mixture isvolatile and may be separated by a simple distillation.
Such conditions and reactions, however, do not ap parently affect thetall oil fatty acids to any substantial degree inasmuch as the productcoming over during the distillation is similar to the original materialexisting prior to the zinc treatment, the sole difference being theremoval of the interfering anti-drying bodies.
Experimentation proved that simple distillation of the tall oil fattyacids without prior zinc treatment does not alter the composition, theappearance, or the drying properties of the tall oil fatty acids.
While as little zinc as 0.05% by weight of the tall oil fatty acids showsome improvement in the drying properties, it is preferable to use fromabout 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight of the zinc. In general, however,amounts ranging up to about 1 or 2% may be used effectively, with largeramounts up to 5%, for example, presenting no material advantage.
The line is preferably added in a finely divided form such as zinc dustor zinc powder. However, zinc in any other desirable form may also beused as, for example, mossy zinc, zinc turnings or granular zinc.
The temperature used for treatment of acid mixture with metallic zinc200 to about 235 the tall oil fatty is preferably from about (3., buttemperatures ranging from 150-250 C. are effective within the broaderaspects of the present inventive concept. The pressure maintained duringthe treatment of the tall oil fatty acid mixture is preferably normalatmospheric pressure but it is to be appreciated that subatmospheric orsuperatmospher ic pressures may be used with corresponding changes intemperatures.
The time required for the zinc treatment of the tall oil will varydepending upon the temperature, the quantity of the anti-dryingcompounds, color bodies and odoriferous material present in the talloil, the degree of agitation. the rate of bubbling of the inert gasthrough the liquid if an inert gas is used in conjunction with the heattreatment in the presence of zinc, etc.
The distillation procedures employed in carrying out the principles ofthe present invention are the simple distillations normally carried outin the industry. Temperatures and pressures are, of course,interdependent and vary within wide related ranges. In the present case,however, it has been found that temperatures of from about 200 to about240 C. and pressures of from about 3 to about 15 mm. are preferred,although lower and higher values are effective, provided the conditionsare such that the tall oil fatty acids are distillable away from theundesirable natural antioxidants and interfering antidrying bodies.
The distillations may also be carried out in the presence of steam or aninert gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc., at relatively higherpressures of from about 30 to about 70 mm. or more.
With regard to the interfering materials which prevent the desirabledrying properties of the tall oil fatty acid mixtures and which areremoved by the combined processes of the present invention, it ispresumably believed that they comprise phenolic bodies and otherantioxidants and that they are normally present in amounts of from about0.01% to about 1.0% by weight. Their exact chemical structure andnature, however, has not been established but it has been determinedthat, once they are removed by the combined processes herein describedthe treated tall oil fatty acid mixture containing low percentages ofrosin acids acquires excellent drying properties.
The invention will be further illustrated in greater detail by thefollowing specific examples and evaluations. It should be understood,however, that although these examples may describe in particular detailsome of the more specific features of the present invention, they aregiven primarily for the purpose of illustration and the invention in itsbroader aspects is not to be construed as limited thereto.
In these examples, it is to be stated that the term Acintol FA #1"refers to a singly-fractionated tail oil fatty acid mixtureapproximately comprising 92.5% fatty acids (425% linoleic acid; linoleicacid; 47.2% oleic acid and 2.8% saturated acids), 3.5% rosin acids and4.0% unsaponifiables and other materials. It is also to be stated thatthe term Acintol FA #2 refers to a doubly-fractionated tall oil fattyacid mixture approximately comprising 96.8% fatty acids (46.1% linoleicacid; 0% linolenic acid; 48.4% oleic acid and 2.1% saturated acids),1.0% rosin acids and 2.2% unsaponifiables and other materials. Thesepercentages, as are all other percentages referred to herein, are byweight based on the total weight of the completed acid mixture, unlessotherwise indicated.
The Hours to Reach system referred to in the following tests is based onthe number of hours required for the film to obtain the described filmcharacteristics. Under test conditions in an air-conditioned room at 77F. (12 F.) and 50% (i4%) relative humidity, (1) Dust Free indicates thata finger may be drawn lightly over the film without leaving a mark, (2)Set to Handle indicates that finger marks produced by light pressure maybe removed by gently polishing, (3) Light Tack indicates a light tackyfeeling as obtained by a 50 gram- 4 5 second Tack test results and (4)Tack Free indicates the complete absence of tack as obtained by a 300gram weight-5 second Tack test result (ASTM-D 15450 T-p. 61).
EXAMPLE 1 A sample of tall oil fatty acids containing 1.2% rosin acids,2.4% unsaponifiables, 5.0% conjugated linoleic acids, and 42.5% totallinoleic acids was heated under an atmosphere of nitrogen to 235 C. Tothe hot fatty acids, 0.3% of zinc dust based on the weight of the fattyacids present was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes whilemaintaining the temperature at 235 C. During the reaction some of thezinc dust particles agglomerated. By discontinuing the stirring, thisunreacted zinc immediately settled and was readily separated from thefatty acids. The fatty acids were distilled at 220- 235 C. and 10 mm. Hgpressure giving a yield of 97% product and 3% residue. The treated fattyacids product contained 0.9% rosin acids, 2.2% unsaponifiables, 4.5%conjugated linoleic acids, and 40.7% total linoleic acids.
EXAMPLE 2 A sample of Acintol FA #2 tall oil fatty acids was heatedunder an atmosphere of nitrogen to 235 C. To the hot fatty acids, 0.3%of zinc dust was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes whilemaintaining the temperature at 235 C. During the reaction some of thezinc dust particles agglomerated. By discontinuing the stirring, thisunreacted zinc immediately settled and was readily separated from thefatty acids. The fatty acids were distilled at 220-235 C. and 10 mm. Hgpressure giving a yield of 97.1% product and 2.9% residue. The treatedfatty acids product contained 1.0% rosin acids, 2.2% unsaponifiables,4.5% conjugated linoleic acids, and 46% total linoleic acids. Dryingtime evaluations for the treated and untreated fatty acids are shown infollowing examples.
EXAMPLE 3 A sample of Acintol FA #2 tall oil fatty acids was heatedunder an atmosphere of nitrogen to 215 C. To the hot fatty acids, 0.2%of zinc dust was added and the mixture was stirred for 60 minutes whilemaintaining the temperature at 215 C. During the reaction some of thezinc dust particles agglomerated. By discontinuing the stirring, thisunreacted Zinc immediately settled and was readily separated from thefatty acids. The fatty acids were distilled at 220235 C. and 10 mm. Hgpressure giving a yield of 96.5% product and 3.5% residue. The treatedfatty acids product contained 1.0% rosin acids, 2.2% unsaponifiables,4.8% conjugated linoleic acids, and 45% total linoleic acids.
EXAMPLE 4 were distilled at 220235 C. and 10 mm. Hg pressuregiving ayield of 96.8% product and 3.2% residue. The
treated fatty acids product contained 3.2% rosin acids, I
3.8% unsaponifiables, 4.1% conjugated linoleic acids, and 40.7% totallinoleic acids. Drying time evaluations for the treated and untreatedfatty acids are shown in following examples.
EXAMPLE 5 To determine the effect of the zinc treatment on the dryingproperties ofthe tall oil fatty acids, drying rates were" evaluated forwhite, air-drying enamels made from treated tall oil fatty acids anduntreated tall oil fatty acids and a commercially available rapid dryingexpensive distilled fatty acid mixing having an approximate compositionof 54% linoleic acid, 40% oleic, 2% linolenic acid and 4% saturatedfatty acids.
Enamel composition Vehicle: Long oil alkyd--23.4% phthalic anhydride,19.2% pentaerythritol, and 57.4% fatty acids specified. Pigment/binder:100/ 100 (TiOz pigment) Drier:0.4% lead and 0.04% cobalt Thinner: Varsol#1 to 70 Krebs units Film thickness 0.0015 inch wet films on glass Hoursto reach description Acintol Aeintol Commer- Film Description FA 2 FA 2cial Untreated, Zinc Fatty ours Treated, Acids, ours hours Dust Free- 42 1. 5 Set to Handle 6 3 2. 5 Light Tack. 7 3. 5 3 Tack Free 24 6 6EXAMPLE 6 In this example, drying evaluations for alkyd clears preparedfrom the specified fatty acids are presented.
Alkyd clear composition 1) 23.4% phthalic anhydride (2) 19.2%pentaerythritol (3) 57.4% fatty acids specified 70% of (1)+(2)+(3) inVarso1#1 Alkyd composition reduced to 50% nnvolatile.
Drier: 0.4% lead; 0.04% cobalt. Film thickness: 0.0015 inch wet films onglass.
Hours to reach description Acintol Acintol Commer- FA 2 FA 2 cial FilmDescription Untreated, Zinc Fatty ours Treated Acids, hours hours DustFree 4 2. 2. 5 Set to Handle--. 6 3 3 Light Tack 8 4 3.5 Tack Free 24 87 EXAMPLE 7 The procedures of Example 6 were carried out substantiallyas set forth therein with the sole exception that Acin- 6 tol FA 1 wasused instead of Acintol FA 2. The evaluations were as follows:
Although I have described specific examples of my inventive concept andseveral tests thereof, as well as the chemical and physicalcharacteristics of particular samples thereof, I consider the same notto be limited to the specific substances mentioned therein but toinclude various other compounds of equivalent constitution as set forthin the claims appended hereto. It is understood, of course, that anysuitable changes, modifications and variations may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.
What I claim is:
l. A method of improving the drying properties of a tall oil fatty acidmixture containing from about 1 to about 12% by weight of rosin acidsand from about 0.01 to about 1% by weight of slow-drying interferingmaterials which comprises heating the mixture with metallic zinc in anamount from about 0.05 to about 2.0% by Weight of said mixture at atemperature of from about to about 250 C. and distilling the resultingmixture to separate and leave behind slow-drying interfering materialsto obtain a tall oil fatty acid mixture possessing improved dryingproperties.
2. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the metallic zinc is presentin an amount from about 0.1 to about 0.5% by weight of the mixture.
3. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the mixture is heated at atemperature of from about 200 to about 235 C.
4. A method of improving the drying properties of a tall oil fatty acidmixture containing from about 1 to about 12% by weight of rosin acids,from about 83 to about 98% by weight of fatty acids and from about 0.01to about 1% by weight of slow-drying interfering materials whichcomprises heating the mixture with metallic zinc in an amount from about0.1 to about 0.5 by weight of said mixture at a temperature of fromabout 200 to about 235 C. and distilling the resulting mixture toseparate and leave behind the slow-drying interfering materials toobtain a tall oil fatty acid mixture possessing improved dryingproperties.
5. A method as defined in claim 4 wherein said distillation takes placeat a temperature of from about 200 to about 240 C. at a presssure offrom about 3 to about 15 mms.
6. A method as defined in claim 4 wherein said distillation is carriedout in the presence of a member of the group consisting of steam andinert gas.
No references cited.
1. A METHOD OF IMPROVING THE DRYING PROPERTIES OF A TALL OIL FATTY ACIDMIXTURE CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 1 TO ABOUT 12% BY WEIGHT OF ROSIN ACIDSAND FROM ABOUT 0.01 TO ABOUT 1% BY WEIGHT OF SLOW-DRYING INTERFERINGMATERIALS WHICH COMPRISES HEATING THE MIXTURE WITH METALLIC ZINC IN ANAMOUNT FROM ABOUT 0.05 TO ABOUT 2.0% BY WEIGHT OF SAID MIXTURE AT ATEMPERATURE OF FROM ABOUT 150* TO ABOUT 250* C. AND DISTILLING THERESULTING MIXTURE
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2024-03-22
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1955-07-27
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1956-09-18"
}
|
US-335575D-A
|
Pneumatic door-check
(Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet l.
G. GEBR. PNEUMATIG DOO-B.w CHECK.
'Patented Peb. 9, 1886.
(Model.) 3' Sheets-Sheet 2.
G. GEBR. PNBUMATIUDOOR CHECK.
No. 335,575. Patented 1155.9, 1885.
3 Sheets-Sheet 3.
(Model.)
G, GEBR. PNBUMATIG DOOR CHECK.
Patented Feb. 9, 1886.
UNITED STATES PATENT EETCE.
GEORGE GEER, OF PETERBOROUGH, NEV HAMPSHIRE.
PNEUMATIC DOOR-CHECK.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 335,575, dated February9, 1836.
Application filed February 23, 1884. Serial No. 121,647. (Model.)
To all whom, it may concern.-
Be it known that I, GEORGE GEER, of Peterborough, New Hampshire, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Door-Checks,of which the following description and claims constitute thespecification, and which is illustrated by the accompanying three sheetsof drawings.
This apparatus closes a door gently by means of the joint operation of ascroll or other spring acting upon certain devices,hereinafterdescribed, and a partly-confined column of air, which acts as a cushionto moderate the action of the spring.
Figure 1 in the accompanying drawings is a plan view of the apparatus asattached to a door-case and a closed door. Fig. 2 is afront elevation ofthe bracket 24, by which the apparatus is attached to the door. Fig. 3is a plan view of the apparatus as attached to a door-case and an opendoor. Fig. 4 is a central vertical longitudinalsection oftheair-cylinder13. Fig. 5 is a central vertical longitudinal section ofthe right-hand part of the piston-rod. Fig. 6 is a cross-section of thepiston-rod on the line A A of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a front elevation of theapparatus attached to a door-case and an open door. Fig. 8 is a view ofthe piston and piston-rod and their connection.
9 is a casing screwed to the door-case just above the door. It supportsthe upright pivot 10, upon which the journals 11 and 12 of the cylinder13 are tted to turn. The upper and lower walls of the casing 9 arefurnished with bearings for the arbors of the eccentric segmental gears14 and 15,. both of which turn within that casing. The gear 14 is workedby a coiled spring, 16, the inner end of which is attached to the arborof the gear, and the other end of which is attached by the pivot 17 tothe casing 9. The gear 15 is one piece with the arm 18. That arm isprovided with the hbrackets 19 and 20, and those brackets are connectedby the rod 21. Upon that rod the traveler 22 reciprocates as it turnscorrespondingly upon the pivot 23, which constitutes the upwardprojection of the bracket 24. The stud 25 projects up and from the arm18, and is itself surmounted by a pivot, 26. Upon that pivot theleft-hand end of the piston-rod 27 turns. That rod is not rigidlyattached to the piston, but has a slight longitudinal play therein. Thepiston is composed of the shell 28, furnished with the flange 29, and ofthe gland 30, which, being screwed upon the shell 28, compresses thepacking 31 against the inner circumference of the cylinder 13. Thepiston-shell 28 is perforated axially for the ad.- mission of thepiston-rod. Near the right` hand end of the perforationit becomesabrupt- 6o ly smaller, thus furnishing an annular shoulder, againstwhich the conical end of the piston rod presses when making its inwardstroke. The shell 28 is also provided with the diametrical perforation32, in which the crossstud 33 of the piston-rod reciprocates. It is thisreciprocating which allows the longitudinal play of the piston-rod inthe piston. rlhe shell 28, which forms one of the walls of theair-cushioning chamber, is also provided with the vents 34 and 35, orone of them. Both of these vents are adjustable in respect to the extentof their outer openings, but on variant plans. The outer end of the vent34 passes through the plug 36, which plug is composed of lead or othersoft metal, and the opening in which may therefore be readily lessenedin extent by a slight blow of a hammer, or readily increased in extentby the action of a reamer inserted and worked therein. The outer end ofthe vent 35 is partly closed by the conical end of the screw 37, and theopening in that end of that vent may therefore be increased ordiminished by raising orlowering the screw, respectively. rlhepiston-rod does not require an air-tight tit where it passes through theleft-hand head of the cylinder, and, indeed, that cylinder-head isfurnished with one or more perforations, 38 and 39, in order to providefor free communication between the external air and the air in theleft-hand end of the cylinder. The right-hand end of the piston-rod isprovided with one or more grooves, 40 and 41, for a purpose to beexplained hereinafter.
The mode of adjustment is as follows: The casing 9 is screwed to adoorcase just above the door and at such a position laterally as thatits left-hand end is on a line with the hinges of the door, orapproximately so. rlhe bracket 24 is then screwed to the upper border ofthe door in such a position that the travelerl 22 is nearly at theright-hand end of 21- when thev door is'opened. The left-handcylinder-head is then uuscrewed from the cylin-V der and slipped alongthe piston-rod, and the vcntis then adjusted and the cylinder-headpartly screwed in place, and the door allowed to close, so as to testthe strength. with which the air-cushion resists the action of thespring.'A If that resistance is too great, the vents 34 and 35, or oneof them, are enlarged; or, if that resistance is too little, they arelessened in egg tent by the means heretofore explained in that behalf.Then the cylinder-head is screwed into place again, and the adjustmentAis com-v plete. Y
The mode of operation is as follows: As the door is opened, the arm 18of the gear 15 is forced outward with the door, the traveler 22 slidingalong the rod 21 to permit the opera tion. At the same time the gear15,meshing with the gear 14, winds up the spring 16, and t-he piston-rod 27is drawn out, so as to bring the piston into the position shown in Fig'.4. This drawing out of the piston does not create any vacuum in thecylinder, because air may freely pass through the grooves 40 and 41, andthence between the conical end' v`of the piston-rod and the annularshoulder in the axial perforation in the piston, and thence into thecylinder itself. When the door is released frorn the force which openedit, the spring 16, operating upon the arbor of the gear 14,and thus uponthat gear and upon the gear 15 and the arm 18, will quickly close thedoor. This movement is moderated, however, by the action of the pistonand cylinder, and in the following manner: The inward movement of thearm 18 soon forces the piston-rod into the piston, so that the conicalend of the rod presses against the annular shoulder in the axialperforation of the piston, thus closing the air channel through thatperforation. Then the pistonrod forces the piston inward in thecylinder; but inasmuch as the vents 34 or 35, or both of them together,furnish but small air-channels for the escape of the air in theright-hand end of the cylinder, that movement is necessarily retarded bythe partly-confined column of air, and in return it retards andmoderates the shutting of the door.
The eccentric shape of the gears 14 and15 enables a given force in thespring 16 to exert about four times as much power just before the dooris fully closed as it exerts just after the door begins to close. Thisadvantage is not suddenly acquired, but gradually grows with themovement of the door, and thus compensates for the graduallydiminishingforce of the spring as it uncoils.
In doorchecks of this class it is important that the valve which cutsoff the ow of air from one side of the piston to the other shall actvery quickly upon the return-stroke of theV piston, and thereby confineas large an amount of air as possible, so as to obtain the bestcushioning effect.
As heretoforev constructed, the -yalves of pneumatic door-checks5so farasI am aware, have been those thata're closedl by the press. ure of theair upon the return movement of the piston, and in many cases the airwould not so act until the piston had moved quite a distan ce on itsreturn-stroke, and'consequentl y a sufcientamount of air would not beconfined in front of the piston to properly cushion the door. If thepiston-rod is moved slowly on the return-stroke, the valve will notclose so quickly as when said rod, by reason of strong drafts of air orfrom other causes, moves more rapidly,` and consequently thecushioning-power is variable.
In my door-check the, closing of the valve does not depend upon pressureof the air,
as the friction of the piston upon the cylinder holds it stationary whenthe piston-rod begins to return, and so. soon as the piston-rod hasmoved a distance equal to the play of the cross-stud 33 in thediametrical perforation 32 the valve is closed; in other words, the
valve which confines the air is always closedv upon a given movement ofthev piston-rod, whether said rod is returned slowly or otherwise.
I am aware that aA prior patent shows a pneumatic door-check consistingof arpivoted cylinder, a piston fitted thereto, a springactuated arm,and a bracket for connecting one end of said arm with the d oor in suchmanner as to permit said arm to slide upon the bracket; also, thatanother. priory patent shows a door-spring consisting of a frame, atorsional wire spring,vtwo eccentric gears, and an arm connected to oneof said gears, with the end of said arm provided with a frictionroller.Both of said'prior devices are hereby disclaimed.
I claim as my inventio'n- 1. The combinationof the casing9, spring 16,the eccentric gears 14 and 15, the arm 18, turning on the same axis withthe gear 15, the cylinder, and` the piston, the latter being pivoted tothe arm 18 at a point between the axis of said arm and the endwhich .isconnected or designed to be connected.y with the door, substantially asdescribed, and for the` purpose specified.
2. rIhe combination. of theA spring-pressed angular arm 18, pivoted uponan axis, as that of the gear 15, the cylinder set paralled to thelongest end of said angular arm when in theirv nation of a cylinder andVpiston-rod having.
the longitudinal grooves with means for operatively connecting them to adoor and its jamb, and a pistonwhich fills the cylinder,
having an annular shoulder in its axial bore' and fitted upon thegrooved end of the pistonrod, with the latter having a slight longitndiAIOO iro
nal play thereon, said grooves and axial bore forming an air-passagethrough the piston when the door is being opened and the piston is drawnbackward, which passage is closed on the return movement of the door andpiston by the end of the piston-rod acting against the annular shoulderin the piston, substantia(l]y as described, and for the purpose specie4. The combination of the spring, the eccentric gears 14 and 15, the arm1S, connected to one of said gears, and having the rod 21, the bracket24, traveler 22, pivoted to said bracket and fitted upon the rod 21, thepist0n-rod cylinder, and means for pivoting the 15 cylinder,substantially as described.
GEORGE GEER. Vitnesses:
F. G. CLARKE, M. L. MORRISON.
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1886-02-09"
}
|
US-1905279038-A
|
Lifting-jack, clamp, and wire-stretcher.
No. 823,149. PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906. A. J. WHITE. LIPTING- JACK, CLAMP,AND WIRE STRETOHER.
APPLICATION FILED SEPTJB, 1906.
we M m m w W a e D M A 00 Q vi/bvmooa 40. w
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented June 12, 1906.
Application filed September 18, 1905. Serial No. 279,038.
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that 1, ANDREW JOHNSON WHITE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Mertens, in the county of Hill and State of Texas,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a CombinationLifting-Jack, Clamp, and Wire-Stretcher and I do declare the followingto be a full, clear,
and exact description of the invention, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
My invention is an improved combination lifting-jack, clamping device,and wirestretcher and it consists in certain novel features ofconstruction, combination, and ar rangement of devices hereinafterdescribed and claimed.
The object of the invention is to improve and simplify the constructionand operation of devices of this character, and thereby render the samemore durable, convenient, and eflicient.
The above and other objects, which will appear as the nature of theinvention is better understood, are accomplished. bymeans of theconstruction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure1 is a perspective view of my improved combination device. Fig. 2 is avertical sectional view through the same. Fig. 3 is a horizontalsectional view; and Fig. L is a detail elevation, partly in section,showing a portion of the standard, the loose sleeve, and the engagingportions of the two friction clutch members.
Referring to the drawings by numeral, 1 denotes my improved combinationliftingjack, clamp, and wire-stretcher, which comprises an upright orstandard 2, mounted upon a base 3. The latter is in the form of acircular band or ring to which are secured three legs 4, which projectfrom the lower end of the standard 1 adjacent to an annular stop-collaror sleeve 5. Upon the upper end or top of the standard 2 is screwed orotherwise secured, as shown at 6, a cross-head 7. The latter has one ofits ends 8 bent downwardly and tapered and bifurcated to form a claw, asclearly shown in Fig. 1. This claw 8 may be used to engage a plain orbarbed wire when the device is used as a wirestretcher and for variousother purposes. The opposite end 9 of the head 7 projects outwardly atright angles to the standard 2 and forms the stationary member of aclamp.
The other or movable member of said clamp is formed by a frame 10, whichis slidably mounted upon the standard 2 and which constitutes themovable head of a lifting-jack. This frame 10 com rises two frictionclutch members 11 12, wliich are apertured to receive the standard 2 andwhich are spaced apart by a loose sleeve 13, surrounding and slidableupon said standard. The apertures or openings 14 in said clutch membersthrough which the standard projects are of slightly greater diameterthan that of the standard, so that the latter have a slight tiltingmovement upon said standard to cause them to frictionally engage thesame, and thereby hold the frame 10 when adjusted. The lower clutchmember 12 has a projecting portion 14, which is pivoted, as shown at 15,between the bifurcated end 16 of a hand-lever 17. Said lever has itsbifurcated end 16 enlarged at its inner portion to surround the clutchmember 12, and in its outer portion is pivoted, as shown at 18, a link19, which has its upper end bifurcated and pivoted, as at 20, to one end21 of the upper clutch member 11. Said end 21 of the clutch member formsthe movable clamp member which coacts' with the stationary clamp member9 and has upon its outer end a pivoted hook 22, which is in the form ofa claw adapted to engage barbed wire or the like. The opposite end 23 ofthe upper clutch member 11 is in the form of a tapered spur which may beused for various purposes and which is adapted to be engaged by a loopor bail 24, pivoted upon the handle end 25 of the lever 17. In order toforce the clutch members 11 12 to their angular position, (shown in thedrawings,) and thereby retain them at any adjusted position upon thestandard 2, I preferably provide a coil-spring 26 upon a pin 27 betweenthe arms of the bifurcated end 16 of the lever and engage one of theends of said spring with the projection 14 of the clutch member 12 andthe opposite end of said spring with the lower end of the link 19.
The many uses and advantages of the invention will be readily understoodupon reference to the drawings. It will be seen that when used as alifting-jack or a wire-stretcher the load is upon the outer end of theportion 21 of the clutch member 11 or upon the claw 22, pivoted uponsaid end, so that when the lever 17 is oscillated the frame 10 will beelevated by a step-by-step movement, one of said clutch members 11 12serving to bite the standard and prevent the downward move ment of theframe, while the other advances upon said standard, as will be readilyunderstood upon reference to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, in which thetwo positions of the clutch members are respectively shown. When thelink 24 is engaged with the end 23 of the clutch member 21, said clutchmembers will be held in substantially parallel relation, so that theframe 10 may be readily moved upwardly or downwardly upon the standard.As soon as the said link is disengaged from the end 28 the spring 26will force the clutch members to their angular position and locktheframe upon said standard. When the device is used as a clamp, theframe 10 is turned upon the standard, so that when the end 21 of theclutch member 1 1 alines with the end 9 of the head 7 an object of anydescription may be clamped between them. The device may be used'forvarious other purposes than those herein mentioned, as will be readilyunderstood.
Various changes in the form, proportion, and the minor details ofconstruction may be resorted to Without departing from the principle orsacrificing any of the advantages of this invention.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is
1. A device of the character described comprising a standard, a frameadjustable upon said standard and consisting of two clutch membersformed with apertures of greater size than said standard, to permit saidmembers to have a tiltin movement, a spacingsleeve upon said standard,between said members, a lever having a bifurcated end pivoted upon thelower clutch member, a link con necting said lever to the upper clutchmember, and a spring upon the bifurcated end of said lever having oneend engaged with said lower clutch member and its other end with saidlink, substantially as described.
2. A device of the character described comprising a standard, a frameadjustable upon said standard and consisting of two clutch membersformed with apertures of greater size than said standard, to permit saidmembers to tilt slightly, a spacing-sleeve upon said standard betweensaid members, a lever having a bifurcated end pivoted upon the lowerclutch member, a link connecting said lever to the upper clutch member,a spring for forcing said clutch members to their angular position, andmeans upon said lever for locking the same to said upper clutch membersto slightly tilt thereon,a spacing-sleeve upon said standard, betweensaid members, a lever having a bifurcated end pivoted upon the lowerclutch member, a link connecting said lever to the upper clutch member,a spring for forcing said clutch members to their angular position,means upon said lever for locking the same to said upper clutch member,to hold the latter in substantially parallel relation with said lowerclutch member, a fixed head upon the upper end of said standard, and abase u on the lower end of said standard, substantlally as described.
4. Adevice of the character described com prising a standard, anadjustable frame slidble thereon and consisting of upper and lowerfriction clutch members formed with apertures to receive said standard,said apertures being of slightly greater size than said standard, topermit said members to tilt thereon, a lever pivoted to the lower clutchmember, a link connecting said lever to the upper clutch member, meansfor forcing said clutch members to their angular position, and a linkupon said lever adapted to enga e said upper clutch member, to hold saidclutch members in substantially parallel relation, substantially asdescribed.
5. A device of the character described comprising a standard having atone end a transverselyprojecting head, and a sliding frame adjustable'upon said standard, said frame being adapted to serve as a lifting-jackand as the movable member of a clamp, the stationary member of whichlatter being formed by said head 6. A combination lifting-jack, clampand wire-stretcher, comprising a standard having a base at one end and astationary head at its opposite end, and a sliding frame adjustable uponsaid standard and having a portion adapted to serve as the movablemember of a lifting-jack, a clamp and a wire-stretcher, substantially asdescribed.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing wit- IIGSSGS.
ANDREW J. WHITE. Witnesses:
M. P. HoLLINeswoRrH, E. H. TEKELL.
|
2024-03-22
|
1905-09-18
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1906-06-12"
}
|
US-568277D-A
|
Frederick a
l the threads themselves.
UNITED STATES v vPATENT OFFICE.
FREDERIOK A. RAL'L, OF TYLER,'TEXAS.-
TOOL FOR CLEANING OUT NUTS.
'SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 568,277, datedSeptember 22, 1896.
Application filed March 24, 1896.
To all whom, it m/cty col/Learn:
Be it known that l, FREDERICK A. RALL, a citizen of the United States,residin g at Tyler, Smith county, Texas, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Tools for Cleaning Out Nuts, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact descriptiou, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation ofthe tool. Fig. 2 is a section on line x fr, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectionon' line y y, Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but inwhich the tool is shown as it would appear after considerable use.
My invention has for its object to provide a tool for cleaning outinternally-threaded apertures so as to refresh the screw-threads byremoving all rust and dirt from between them and from off the edgesthereof, and that without in any way destroying or Changing Heretoforeit has been customary to clean out such screwthreaded apertures byanacid bath, by heat, and also by means of a screw-tap, but so far as I amaware there has been no special tool for this purpose.
I am aware of the tapering longitudinallygrooved tap having an integralbit or reamer on its end; also, that such tapering taps have had a plainor partially-threaded entering end or point, and that they have also hadremovable reamin g cutters; but in all such tools the tap begins with atapering threaded portion which may or may not merge into a straightthreaded portion. It follows, therefore, that when the tapering orfeeding end of such combined reamers and taps become dull the toolbecomes useless, and it will also be seen that if such a tap was used toclean out internally-threaded apertures the threads on its tapering endwould not only become dulled, but would force the rust into the 'bottomof the grooves, from whence it cannot be removed until the last threadsof the tap are engaged therewith, as they are the only ones which willreach the base of the threads. Hence it follows that the entire tapwould be dulled and rendered useless and, moreover, the threads of thenut would be cut and enlarged thereby, so that the nut would fit SerialNo. 584,616. (No model.)
loosely on its bolt. As these taps are far more expensive than a largenumber of nuts it does not pay to ruin them in attempting to clean nutswith them. v
With these objects in view and the foregoing difficulties to overcome myinvention consists in a tool provided with a plurality of longitudinalribs having straight nontoothed reaming edges at the front end andtransverse teeth in rear of the reaming ed ges and all of the samedepth, the base-line of the teeth being i-n the longitudinal plane ofthe said reaming edges and the points of each row of teeth terminatingon a line parallel with the longitudinal aXis of the tool,
so that when the tool is introduced into a will enter the threadedgroove and thoroughly clean it without Changing the thread, said firsttooth when dulled being ground off to thus lengthen and freshen thereaming edge and present a new tooth for the operation of cleaning.
In the drawings, A is the shank of the tool, squared at its rear end toreceiV-e an operating handle or device. A' are four longitudinal ribs atthe threaded front or working end of the tool, formed by grooving theshank longitudinally for the required distance. The front portions ofthese ribs form a reamer B, and the working edge b of each reamerbladeis parallel with the longitudinal axis of the tool, and the tool at thispoint will be of the same size or circumference as the bore of thethreaded aperture to be cleaned, so that the reamer will not cut out orreduce the threads at all, but will only remove adhering rust or dirtfrom their edges.
O are the teeth formed on the ribs A' immediately at the rear or innerend of the reamer B, and the base-line of each row of teeth is parallelwith the longitudinal axis of the tool and in the same longitudinalplane as the adjacent reaming edge b, while the outer ends or edges ofthe teeth of each row terminate on a line parallel with the longitudinalaxis of the tool. That is, all of the teeth are of the same depth andare shaped to fit the internal threads just as a bolt would the foremosttooth O will have to act in cleaning or refreshing an internal thread,``said tooth following the groove in the nut or aperture and removingall dirt, rust, tc. As soon as this first tooth becomes dull it will beground off and the blank space left thereby will form a part of thereamer, as shown in Fig. 4. Thus while the teeth grow fewer in numberthe reamer Will be correspondingly refreshed by a new and sharperreaming-surface. This operation may be continued till the last tooth isremoved.
The extremity of the reamer B is slightly rounded to permit the tool tobe more readily introduced into the threaded aperture, and as the reamersnugly fits the bore thereof it will serve as a guide to center the tooland cause its tooth to enter the groove of the internal thread.
This tool will not drll nor will it tap a thread into an aperture, norWill it remove a previously-formed thread and cut a new one, but isdesigned for the sole purpose of cleaning a `previously-formed internalscrewthread.
W'hat I claim is- A tool for cleaning internally-threaded aperturesWithout Changing the threads thereofI` consistin g in a shank providedat its working end with a plurality of straight longitudinal ribs,thefront portions of which constitute reaming cdges parallel with thelongitudinal axis of the tool, and the tool in rear of said reamingedges being threaded and forming thereby a series of teeth on each rib;all of the teeth thus formed being of the same depth, with the base-lineof each row in the longitudinal plane of the alined reaming edge; saidthreaded or toothed portion being constructcd to fit theinternally-threadcd aperture to be clcaned, after the manner of itsbolt, to cause the first tooth to act as the cleaner, substantially asset forth.
FREDERICK A. RALL.
VVitnesses:
I-l. LOEBNITZ, G. B. OLDROYD.
|
2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1896-09-22"
}
|
US-19855750-A
|
Door lock
G. HAGSTROM DOOR LOCK 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed D90. 1, 1950 *5 E INVENTORATTORNEY G. HAGSTROM Dec. 15, 1953 DOOR LOCK 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec.1, 1950 m m V m ATTORNEYa.
Dec. 15, 1953 G. HAGSTROM 2,662,387
4 nooamcx.
Filed Dec. 1, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 G. HAGSTROM Dec. 15, 1953 DOOR LOCK4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Dec. 1, 1950 INVENTOR.
ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 15, 1953 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE DOOR LOCKApplication December 1, 1950, Serial No. 198,557
29 Claims.
The invention relates to certain improvements in a door lock; and thenature and objects of the invention will be readily recognized by thoseskilled in the art in the light of the following explanation anddetailed description of the accompanying drawings illustrating what Inow believe to be the preferred embodiments or mechanical expressions ofthe invention from among various other embodiments, modifications,variations, combinations and constructions, of which the invention iscapable within the broad spirit and scope thereof as defined by theclaims hereto appended.
Primarily my invention is directed to those general types or classes ofdoor lock units or sets used mainly for outside doors, and which arecharacterized by a cylinder lock mounted in the outer knob with amanually operable push button or the like member mounted in the innerknob by the selective operation of which the outer knob may be eitherconnected with the latch bolt retracting spindle for latch boltactuation by the outer knob, or by which the outer knob may bedisconnected from the spindle and locked against rotation, so that, thespindle may then be rotated for latch bolt retraction only by keyoperation of the outer knob mounted lock unit. Door locks of thisgeneral class or type are in general use but their design andconstruction is mechanically and. structurally complicated, with highcost of manufacture and with operating and maintenance difficulties indoor installed operation and use.
One of the primary objects of my invention is to provide a design andconstruction of such type of door lock which is extremely simplestructurally and mechanically, with a minimum number of parts designedfor ready manufacture and ease of assembly, so that, the ultimate costof such a door lock unit or set to the user may be substantiallyreduced.
Another object is to provide such a low cost mechanically efiicientdesign and construction which will provide a door lock unit capable ofefficient, precision operation with a minimum of operational orstructural failures over a long life i dle, under the selective controlof the inner knob mounted push button.
A further object is to provide for simultaneous declutching of the outerknob from the bolt retracting spindle and locking of the outer knobagainst rotation, or conversely, simultaneous unlocking of the outerknob and clutching of such knob to the bolt retracting spindle.
Another object is to provide mechanism for automatically releasing theouter knob from the locked position thereof declutched from the latchbolt retracting spindle, by either the rotation of the inner knob or keyoperation of the outer knob mounted cylinder lock unit.
Another object is to provide means by which the automatic releasingmechanism may be rendered inactive, so that the outer knob will remainin latched position, declutched from the bolt retracting spindle, wheneither the spindle is rotated by the inner knob or is rotated by key op-1Elation of the cylinder lock unit in the outer A further object is toprovide a mechanically simple means for looking or latching the outerknob to a fixed plate on the door, comprising locking balls cammedradially outwardly into locking position by moving of a clutch memberfor clutching and declutching the outer knob to and from the latch boltretracting spindle.
A further object is to provide a design and construction of the outerknob mounted cylinder look, by which the cylinder plug of the lock maybe readily removed without the use of special keys or other implements,but merely by the partial disassembly and removal of the door lock setfrom installed position on a door, followed by simple manualmanipulation of the cylinder plug and associated mechanism.
With the foregoing and various other objects, features and results inview, which other objects, features and results will be readily apparentfrom the following detailed description, my invention consists incertain novel features in design and construction, and in combinationsand sub-coinbinations of parts and elements, all as will be more fullyreferred to and specified hereinafter.
Reierrrog to the accompanying ngs, in which similar reference charactersre r to corresponding parts and elements throughout the several figuresthereof:
Fig. 1 is a view in horizontal section through a portion of a door witha lock unit or set of the preferred form of my invention installedthereon, the lock unit and latch bolt unit associated therewith beingshown in top plan.
Fig. 2 is a View in vertical section taken as on 3 the line 2-2 of Fig.1, the outer knob locking mechanism and operating button member thereforbeing shown in projected, outer knob releasing position.
Fig. 3 is a. view in horizontal, longitudinal section through themounted door lock unit of Fig. 1, taken as on the line 33 of Fig. 2.
Fig. l is a view in horizontal, longitudinal section similar to Fig. 3,but showing the outer knob locking mechanism in depressed, outer knoblocking position.
Fig. 5 is a view in horizontal longitudinal section similar to Figs. 3and 4, taken through another modified form of door lock unit, in whichprovision for releasably catching the button operated push rod in itsdepressed, outer knob latching position, is eliminated.
Fig. 6 is a view in transverse section taken as on the line B6 of Fig.2.
Fig. '7 is a view in transverse section taken as on the line of Fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is a transverse sectional view taken as on the line 88 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 9-9 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line lill of Fig. 2.
Fig. 11 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line lill of Fig. 2.
Fig. 12 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line i2-l2 of Fig.2.
Fig. 13 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line l3l3 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 1% is a transverse sectional View taken on the line I i-A i of Fig.2.
Fig. 15 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line ll5 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 16 is a transverse sectional view taken as on the line lE-i6 ofFig. 2.
Fig. 1''! is an exploded view or" the door lock and latch bolt units ofFig. 1, showing the parts of such units in perspective in separatedrelation.
I have selected and disclosed herein as examples, several embodiments ofdoor lock sets or units embodying the principles and various features ofmy present invention. The disclosed embodiments have been selectedprimarily for purposes of explaining the several features of theinvention and not by way of limitations in all respects to the specificconstructions of the example embodiments, or to the general types orclasses of door lock units in which such embodiments have beenincorporated. The door lock unit or set of each embodiment is shown asassociated with a tubular latch bolt unit, and comprises a rotatablespindle, mounting thereon inner and outer knob units by which thespindle may be rotated from either the inside or the outside of the doorto retract the latch bolt of the latch unit for door opening in thegeneral manner familiar in this art.
In terms of my present invention, each of these example embodiments ischaracterized generally by a key operated cylinder lock of the pintumbler type mounted in the outer knob unit; outer knob lockingmechanism operable selectively from the inside of a door to eitherconnect the outer knob to the spindle for spindle rotation thereby, orto disconnect such knob from the spindle and lock the knob againstturning, with the spindle then being rotatable from the outside of thedoor only by key operation of the knob mounted cylinder lock; and a pushbutton member mounted on the inner knob in operative association withthe outer knob latching mechanism for effecting operation of thatmechanism to either connect the outer knob to the spindle or todisconnect the knob from the spindle and lock the knob against handrotation or turning.
In one of the example embodiments, which may be taken for presentpurposes of this disclosure as the preferred embodiment, the inner knobmounted button member when in its projected position effects connectionof the outer knob to the spindle and when in its depressed positioneiiects disconnection of the outer knob from the spindle and the lockingof such knob against rotation. In this embodiment, the button member andouter knob latching mechanism when the button is in depressed positionare releasably held automatically in such position but are releasedautomatically to button projected position by either rotation of theinner knob or by key operation of the outer knob mounted look. Thisembodiment also includes means by which the button member and the outerknob latching mechanism can be releasably held in depressed, outer knoblatching positions, so that, rotation of the inner knob or key operationof the outer knob mounted lock will not effect automatic release andresulting unlatching of the outer knob. Such means permits of manualoperation selectively by the operator to either effect locking of thebutton member against automatic actuation of the outer knob latchingmechanism or to restore such mechanism and button member for automaticfunctioning to release from outer knob latching position by inner knobrotation or key operation of the outer knob mounted lock.
In another of the example embodiments hereof, the provision forretaining or locking the button member in its depressed, outer knoblocking position, is eliminated, so that the button member is alwaysreleased automatically from its depressed, outer knob locking positionby either rotation of the inner knob or key operation of the cylinderlock in the outer knob.
In the other of the example embodiments, the provision for retaining andlocking the button member in its depressed, outer knob locking positionwhenever it is depressed from projected position and for automaticallyrestoring the button from depressed to projected position unlatching theouter knob, upon either inner knob rotation or operation of the outerknob mounted lock, is eliminated. However, provision is made in thisembodiment for manually locking the button member in its depressedposition to maintain the outer knob locked against rotation under allconditions of operation of either the inner knob or the lock in theouter knob, with the button mem-- ber being only releasable fromdepressed, outer knob locking position by manual operation thereof bythe operator.
In the example embodiment as disclosed in Figs. 1 to 3, and which isoffered here as the preferred embodiment, the door lock unit or set isshown in Fig. l in mounted and installed position on a door D inoperative association with a tubular latch bolt unit L. The door lockunit or set includes the spindle it] of square or angular section, whichis mounted in position extended through a transverse bore or passage 2formed through the door, with an inner knob unit I mounted on thespindle end at the inner side of door D and an outer knob unit 0 mountedon the spindle end at the outer side of the door. The tubular latch boltunit L of this example is mounted in the door D in a suitable bored ormortised opening 3 formed therein and opening through the outer freeedge of the door D, with the unit L being disposed in position with itslongitudinal axis perpendicular to the axis of spindle iii and with thespindle being extended transversely through latch bolt unit L inoperative connection therewith for retracting the latch bolt B of unit Lupon rotation of the spindle by either inner knob unit 1 or outer knobunit 0, in the manner generally familiar in this art. Referring to Figs.8 and 17, the latch bolt unit L is of the tubular type and includes aroll-back 5 having a squared opening through which spindle i6 extendsand is engaged, a spring loaded yoke 53 reciprocally mounted in the unitand operatively connecting the rollback 5 with the latch bolt B, whichlatch bolt is reciprocally mounted in the unit for projection andretraction through one end thereof to be engaged in or disengaged fromthe usual keeper of a striire plate '3 (see Fig. l). The latch bolt 3 isspring loaded and in the usual manner of the is depressibleindependently of yoke but retractible by the yoke.
The structure for mounting a door lock unit or set on the door D inaccordance with my invention, provides for ready adjustment of the unitto doors of varying thicknesses, and, in this instance, comprises a backplate I l located on the inner side of the door across spindle receivingbore 2, and a lock plate 28 located at the outer side of the door acrossthe outer end of spindle receiving bore The back plate i i is providedwith a bore Ha having an internal diameter greater than the externaldiameter of spindle is, for receiving the spindle in position extendedtherethrough. The lock plate 29 is formed with a hub or collar-forming,annular flange 2d extended from the outer side thereof and providing abore therethrough and through the plate for receiving the outer endlength of the spindle it which extends therethrough in assembledposition of the unit. The internal diameter of the hub or collar 2 oflock plate 26 is substantially greater than the external diameter ofspindle In for a purpose to be hereinafter referred to in detail.
The lock plate 2t includes the spaced, generally parallel arms 25extended laterally inwardly from the inner side of plate 2i] at oppositesides of the spindle receiving bore through the plate, with these armsbeing extended into the bore or passage 2 in door D. The arms 2| areprovided at their inner ends with the inwardly facing, spaced positioninflanges 22 between which the latch bolt unit L is received. The innerends of arms 2! are provided with lugs 23 bent inwardly therefrom andbeing disposed generally parallel with the body of plate 29. Each of thelugs is provided with a tapped bore 223a therethrough (see Fig. 17)having its axis generally parallel with the axis of the bore throughplate Ell. The back plate H and the lock plate 2? in mounted positionsare connected and drawn tightly together against the outer and innersides of door D over and across the adjacent end openings, respectively,of the bore or passage 2, by the threaded and headed bolts or longscrews l2 which are extended inwardly through smooth Wall bores l in(see Fig. 17) formed in back plate M, with the threaded inner ends ofthe screws being threaded into the tapped bores 23a, respectively, oflugs 23 of the lock plate Ell. Thus, by such construction andarrangement of back plate ii, lock plate 29 and fastening screws 12, alock unit may be readily mounted on doors of varying thicknesses bymerely threading screws it the required distances into or from the lugs23 to draw plates II and 26] inwardly toward each other to securelyclamp the plates on and against opposite sides of the door in accordancewith the door thickness.
An inner rose i i is provided for mounting on and over the opposite endsof back plate II by a pressed or snap fit, while an outer rose i 5 isprovided for mounting on and over the opposite ends of lock plate 28 bysnap or pressed fit. With the inner and outer roses M and i5 in mountedpositions attached on plates l i and 2d, the ends of the spindlereceiving bore 2, the plates and the fastening screws l2, are allenclosed within and concealed from view by the roses.
The spindle is, which in this instance is of square section isexternally threaded along its inner end length and the inner knob unit Iis threaded onto and locired in position thereon. In this example, innerknob unit I includes a hub member or insert 35% having an internallythreaded axial bore 380: therethrough by which this hub or insert memberis threaded onto spindle iii, The hub member 3B is formed with a tapped,radial bore therethrough into which is threaded a lock or set screw 35for releasably locking the hub member knob unit in the desired posi tionof adjustment axially of spindle iii. The inner knob unit includes anannular shank 32 which is secured on and around hub member 38, with theinner end of the shank bent radially inwardly over and around the innerend of the hub member. The inner rose Id is formed with an axial boretherethrough having an inturned, annular flange i i-a therearound whichdefines and provides a, bearing member into which is rotatably receivedthe inner end of hub member and the inturned nange portion of the shank32. The inner end of hub member and the inturned flange portion of shank52 secured therearound are of reduced external diameter relative to thehub member and the shank. Shank 32 of knob unit I is flared radiallyoutwardly and has its outer, annular edge portion formed to provide a.flange therearound into which the inner annular edge of the knob formingcap 33 is secured. Knob-forming cap 33 is formed at its outer side withan axial bore 33a therethrough in axial alignment with spindle it.
The inner knob unit I mounts the button member til by which themechanism for connecting the outer knob to the spindle iii and fordisconnecting such knob from the spindle and latching the knob to thelock plate against rotation, is selectively manually controlled by theoperator. In this example, in accordance with my invention, the buttonmember til is operatively connected with such mechanism thr h the mediumof a push rod or plunger 5i? which is reciprocally mounted in andextends through an axial bore Elia extending through spindle it; fromend to end thereof. This push rod Ed is formed at its outer end with anenlarged external diameter head 5i which is provided with externalthreading 52 having the lead as the external threading of spindle id.The external diameter of the threading 52 of head is slightly less thanthe internal threading of the bore 5553a of hub member so, so that, thehead as ma slip freely through the hub member bore. The outer endportion of hub member as is formed of reduced external diameter and acylinder-forming tube 53 is secured in position at its inner end on andover such reduced diameter portion of hub member 30. Tube 53 is of alength to extend outwardly into the cap member 33 of the knob unit I tothe inner side of the cap member around and surrounding the buttonreceiving bore 33a in the outer side wall thereof.
The button member 40 is of tubular form open at one end and closed atthe opposite end by an end wall llld formed to provide thereacross atransverse rib 45b to provide a finger grip to facilitate turning orrotation of the button memher. The button member MI is provided withdiametrically opposite bores 400 through the side wall thereof, as willbe clear by reference to Figs. 2 and 17. The button member 40 is mountedin a sleeve member il which is open at one end for receiving therein thebutton member in telescopic relation therewith. Sleeve member 4| isclosed at its opposite end by an end wall 2 having an internallythreaded, axial bore 42a therethrough into which the externally threadedhead 5! of push rod 58 is threaded to thereby adjustably attach thesleeve ii and its contained button 49 to the push rod 58. In assembledposition button 48 is secured in sleeve ll against displacement with theclosed end of the button member provided with the finger grip 1 boutermost and the inner open end of the button member located at theinner side of end wall 42 of the sleeve 4|.
In this example, I secure button member 4E in position in sleeve 4! bymeans of a U-shaped sertcd in button member 40 with the closed endthereof located at the closed end of the button, and with the fingers44a and 44b thereof received in the diametrically opposite bores 1-00,respectively, of the button member. The circular side wall as of sleeve4 I, referring now to Fig. 17, is provided with a bore 430: through aside wall thereof. Diametrically opposite bore 5311 the side wall 43 ofsleeve ll is provided with an axially disposed slot 43?) which extendsfrom end to end of the sleeve, so that, it opens at its opposite endsthrough the forward end edge of the sleeve and through the rear face ofthe end wall 52 of the sleeve. The long finger 44a of the buttonretaining member in is of a length to project outwardly through the sidewall of the button, and r in mounted, assembled position of the buttonmember the finger 44a engages in the side wall bore fllta of sleeve 4!to thereby retain the button member in the sleeve against displacement.The side wall 53 of sleeve 4! is cut away or recessed to form what is ineffect a circumferentially disposed, bayonet slot 35 perpendicular toand opening at one end into the slot 43b. The slot 45 provides along itsinner side a guiding edge or shoulder like, as clearly shown in Fig. 17.
The sleeve d! is slidably mounted and confined in the outer end of thetube 53, which extends between inner knob hub member 39 and the end wallof the knob, cap with the button member til positioned projectedoutwardly through the bore or opening 33a in the cap. The push rod 50extends outwardly into tube 53 with the threaded head thereof threadedinto the bore 42a of the end wall of the button mounting sleeve. Thus,sleeve and button member 40 are reciprocal in tube 53 as a unit toproject and retract the push rod 53 connected thereto.
In this example embodiment of my invention, I provide for rotation ofsleeve M as a unit with button member 4!! in tube 53 on and relative totube push rod 50. The rotation provided for is a 11mited one and amountsto approximately a quarter turn counterclockwise of the button whendepressed to rotate it to locked position and a quarter turn clockwiseto rotate it from locked position. The limitation and confining of thisrotary movement is effected through the medium of a finger or lug 45which is bent inwardly from the side wall of tube 53 and which isengageable in the slots 43b and 45 formed in the side wall of sleeve ill(see Figs. 2 and 17). In normal operation, lug 36 is received in slot431) and confines the button member and its mounting sleeve M tostraight line reciprocation axially in tube 53 as the button and pushrod 50 are depressed or projected. When button member 40 and sleeve 6|are in depressed position, the slot 45 of sleeve M is aligned with thelug 4B of tube 53. Hence, if it is desired to lock or hold the buttonmemher and push rod 58 in depressed position, it is only necessary torotate button member 40 and sleeve ii counter-clockwise, so that lug 46then moves into slot is and upon release of the button member will beengaged by shoulder 45a to prevent projection or outward displacement ofthe assembly of push rod 58, sleeve 4| and the button member. Clockwiserotation of the button memher do from this locked position wil returnsleeve 4! to position with the slot 43b thereof lined up with lug it, sothat, the button member and its sleeve together with push rod 50, maythen move outwardly as a unit in tube 53 to projected posi tion withpush rod 5% retracted.
The button member 40, sleeve 4| and push rod 58 connected therewith, arecontinuously biased outwardiy through tube 53 to the projected positionof button member 48 and the retracted position of push rod 56, as shownin Fig. 3, by the biasing springs 55' and 55. Spring is a coil springmounted in position in tube 53 under comression between the outer end ofhub member and the inner side of end wall 42 of button mounting sleeveii. Spring d5 has an external diameter to slidably engage the innersurface of 555. Spring thus continuously acts to project sleeve 41outwardly to position with the outer open end edge thereof engagedagainst the under side of cap 33 which forms a limiting stop therefor.The spring 55 is of the coil type having an internal diameter to fitover and slidably engage push rod 50, and is mounted on the push rodunder compression between the outer end of spindle It and the annularshoulder presented by the inner end of the externally threaded head 55of push rod 50. It will thus be noted that sleeve 4! can be threadedaxially of push rod. to toward and from spindle l0 and knob hub 39without thereby varying the distance between the inner end of head 5|and the outer end of spindle it, so that, adjustments of the knob unit Iand button it, on and relative to spindle it, may be made withoutvarying the degree of compression of spring 55. Springs and 55 thustogether load sleeve 4! and push rod 56 to continuously bias thesemembers with the button member is, outwardly to normal projectedposition thereof. Button member 4a and sleeve 4! may be depressed as aunit from projected position to thereby force push rod 58 inwardly,against the combined forces of the springs 45 and 55.
Attention is here directed to the fact that by providing the externalthreading 52 of head 5| of the push rod with the same lead as thethreading of spindle II] in knob hub member 30, the same spacing withbutton 40 in projected position is maintained between spindle lll andthe inner end wall 42 of sleeve 4!, irrespective of the axial positionof adjustment of inner knob unit I on spindle iii. In this manner themaximum position of projection of button All outwardly from knob unit Iwill remain the same in any position of adjustment of the knob unit onspindle id to meet the conditions of installation on doors of differentthicknesses.
The outer knob unit includes an insert sleeve (it on which the annularshank 6! of the knob unit is secured with the sleeve member extendedoutwardly a distance beyond this shank. Shank Si is radially outwardlyflared and has secured to the outer annular edge flange thereof the knobcap 62. Knob cap 62 is provided with an axial, circular opening 62atherethrough in axial alignment with the inner end of the hub-forming,insert sleeve til. Sleeve cs terminates at its outer end within cap 62spaced a distance inwardly from the inner side of the outer end wall ofthe cap. The knob unit 0 with the lock unit in mounted, installedposition on the door D, has the outwardly projected length ofhub-forming sleeve 68 of the knob unit extended through an axial openingits formed through outer rose is, and through the lock plate 23], withthe insert sleeve Elli rotatably received in and extended through thehub forming flange 2 of the lock plate. In this mounted position, thespindle ill extends a distance into knob insert sleeve 6%, which sleevehas an internal diameter greater than the maximum effective externaldiameter of the spindle. Referring now to Fig. 1'7, in connection withFigs. 2 and 3, the open inner end of knob insert sleeve on whichreceives the spindle ill, is provided with an inturned flange portionwhich provides at its opposite ends the clutch teeth forming shoulders65. The radial depth of the flange B5 is such that the flange is spacedfrom and does not en age spindle iii, so that the spindle and the knobunit 0 with its insert sleeve G9, are rotatable relative to each otherin the absence of connecting means therebetween.
The outer knob unit 0 may be secured against inward displacement onspindle iii, by a retaining ring iiilb removably mounted on the spindleat the inner end or insert sleeve Ring Sill) may be seated in suitablenotches Etc formed in the spindle id. Displacement of knob unit 0outwardly on spindle It may be restrained by a suitable ring secured inan annular seating groove tile formed around insert sleeve 6% at theinner side of lock plate (see Figs. 2 and 1*?) By my present invention Ihave provided a clutching mechanism actuated by push rod under thecontrol of the button member til, for bly connecting the insert sleeveis of the out knob unit 0 with the spindle it, so that rotation of knobO in either direction will effect rotation of spindle it to retractlatch bolt B of the latch bolt unit L. In the examples hereof, I haveexpressed th s mechanism in the form of a clutch sleeve 'lil having asquared, axial passage 'Ei therethrough which is dimensioned to slidablyreceive the square section spindle Id. sleeve to is of circular externalcontour and slidably mounted on spindle it for rotation with thatspindle in any position of adjustment axially of the clutch sleeve onthe spindle. Referring to l'l, in connection with Fig. 13, clutch sleeveto at the inner end thereof is cut away across one thereof for adistance inwardly from the rear or inner edge of the sleeve to providethe spaced clutch teeth forming shoulders or edges 52, which Clutch 10are complementary to and adapted to be engaged with the clutchteeth-forming shoulders 66 at the inner end of knob insert sleeve Gil.
The clutch sleeve it is mounted on spindle id in position located withinthe knob insert sleeve til with the cutaway end thereof which providesthe clutch teeth-forming shoulder 52, inn rrnost and adjacent the clutchteeth-forming shoulders 66 the inner end or" insert sleeve ti Clutchsleeve it has an external diameter such that it may be freely movedaxially of spindle ill within insert sleeve as, between a position movedrearwardly with shoulder thereof engaged With shoulders 35,respectively, at the inner end of insert sleeve to, and a position movedoutwardly on th spindle with the shoulders "62 completely disengagedfrom shoulders of the insert sleeve. When the clutch sleeve it is in itsinwardly moved position in clutching engagement with insert sleeve til,the outer knob unit 0 is then connected with spindle iii through theengagement of the squar section spindle in the square passage ll ofclutch sleeve "50, so that rotation of the outer knob unit 0 in eitherdirection will correspondingly rotate the spindle I E3 to therebyretract latch bolt B. When clutch sleeve it is displaced outwardly onspindle ill to position with the teeth-forrning shoulders l2 thereofdisengaged from the teeth-forming shoulders 65 or" insert sleeve cc,then outer knob unit 0 is disconnected from the spindle and the spindlemay be rotated independently of the outer knob unit.
The clutch sleeve it is displaced axially in either direction on spindleit between position clutching outer knob unit 0 to spindle ill andposition ole-clutching the knob unit and spindle, by means of the pushrod 58. I effect such operation of clutch sleeve Ed by providing a slot'53 transversely through spindle ill with this slot opening through theouter end of the spindle and being extended inwardly a distancetherefrom inwardly through the spindle. A pin it is secured at itsopposite ends in diametrically opposite bores formed through the clutchsleeve ill, with this pin extending across square passage ll of thesleeve and through the slot T3 in the spindle it. The push rod 56extends completely through the spindle iii and projects at its outer enda distance outwardly beyond the spindle to a location Within the knobinsert sleeve til. Th pin 76 i extended through a suitable bore formedin push rod 56, so that the clutch sleeve is is thereby secured tothepush rod. Thus, the clutch sleeve id will be displaced axially ofspindle I by axial movements inwardly or outwardly of the push rod inthe bore idea of the spindle. The mounting and positioning of clutchsleeve "ill and pin ill relative to each other and to push rod 56 andspindle ill, is such that with the push rod in retracted position withthe button member id projected from inner knob unit I, the clutch sleeveit will be in position in clutched engagement with the insert sleeve on,but with push rod 58 projected into outer knob unit 0 by depression ofbutton member the clutch sleeve will be moved outwardly on spindle it toposition in the inner end of insert sleeve so with the clutchteeth-forming shoulders F2 thereof declutched and disengaged from theteeth-forming shoulders 68 of insert sleeve 63.
When the clutch sleeve 'ii] is moved outwardly in insert sleeve til onspindle id to position deolutched from the insert sleeve and knob unit0, I provide a locking mechanism for locking the head outer knob unit 0against rotation, which 11 mechanism functions automatically by theoutward movement of the clutch sleev to declutched position. Referringto Figs. 12 and 1'7, diametrically opposite bores are formed through theinner end portion of insert sleeve 60 at locations such that the clutchsleeve ii! is always positioned in the insert sleeve between thesebores. In each of these bores I locate a locking ball 15. The diameterof each of the balls 16 is greater than the thickness of th side wall ofthe insert sleeve member 60, while the diameter of each of theball-receiving bores 15 is slightly greater than the diameter of theballs, so that the balls may freely move axially, inwardly and outwardlythrough the bores and radially relative to and through insert sleeve 60.Conical camming recesses ii are formed in the outer side of clutchsleeve id at diametrically opposite locations thereon. In the normalposition of the door lock unit with the latch bolt B projected and thebutton member 59 and push rod 59 in normal projected positions, thecamming recesses Tl ar opposite and axially aligned with the ballreceiving bores Til of insert sleeve ti so that, the locking balls '76may be received and seated in such recesses. This position of the balls76 is clearly shown in Fig. 12. The diameter of each of the lockingballs 16 is the same, and is such that when these balls are in positionsseated in camming recesses ll, they have a loose bearing engagement attheir outer sides with the inner surface 2 3a of the hub-forming sleeve24 of lock plate 253. This inner surface 23a is concentric with theexternal surface of the clutch sleeve Ell, there being a clearancebetween these surfaces. Thus, in such position the inner end length ofinsert sleeve 60 which extends through locking plate 20, is freelyrotatable in and relative to that plate and its hub-forming flange 24,for rotation of the outer knob unit in either direction to rotate thespindle It] to retract latch bolt B.
When the clutch sleeve is moved axially of spindle iii from its positionwith the locking balls it received in the camming recesses 71, thelocking balls will be cammed or forced by the cammin recesses radiallyoutwardly through the ball receiving bores in the insert sleeve 60. Iutilize this action to eifect locking of the outer knob unit 0 to thelock plate 29 against rotation when the clutch sleeve H! is movedoutwardly on spindle ill by depression of button member ii to thusdeclutch and disconnect the knob unit 0 from the spindle Hi. In theexample embodiments here disclosed, I provide ball receiving, lockingrecesses 18 in the hub forming flange 24 of the locking plate 20. Theserecesses ii? are located at diametrically opposite positions in flange24. The recesses are disposed longitudinally of the flange relative tothe axis thereof and are open at their inner sides facing the clutchsleeve 18. For instance, such recesses may be formed by outwardly bentor pressed channel portions 18a on the flange.
In normal position of the door lock mechanism, the locking recesses 18are located opposite and in position for receiving thereinto the lockingballs is, respectively. Thus, when clutch sleeve E8 is moved outwardlyon spindle Hi to position declutching or disconnecting outer knob unit 0from the spindle, the balls 16 are cammed radially outwardly into thelocking recesse I8 and are constrained against displacement radiallyinwardly therefrom by the outer surface of the clutch sleeve H1. Thediameters of the looking balls 56 relative to the internal diameter offlange 24 and the external diameter of clutch sleeve [9 is such thatwith clutch sleeve displaced to position with the balls '56 cammed intothe locking recesse 78, the balls will have rolling bearing engagementat their inner sides with the external surface of clutch sleeve 10. Uponmovement of the clutch sleeve l0 inwardly on spindle it by the push rod50 to the normal projected position of the push rod and button member40, the outer knob unit 0 is again clutched to spindle l6 and thelocking balls "l8 are lined up with camming recesses ll, so that outerknob unit 0 may then be rotated to rotate spindle i0.
In the example embodiment of Figs. 1 to 3, a spring catch means isprovided for automatically engaging and releasably retaining the pushrod 56 in its position outwardly projected by depression of buttonmember 43. Such spring catch mean in this example, takes the form of apair of spring arms which are suitably mounted and located in insertsleeve 60 of the outer knob unit 0 in positions spaced apart ingenerally paiallel relation and being extended rearwardly to the outerend of spindle Id and the adjacent free end of push rod to. The innerends of arms 60 are bent inwardly toward each other to provide theconverging, inclined spring fingers 8 I. These spring fingers arelocated at the opposite sides of the axis of push rod 5 with the outerend of the push rod adapted to be engaged therewith. The outer end ofpush rod 53 is formed flattened at opposite sides 82 thereof and theouter end of the rod is formed to provide an arrow-head 83 providing atopposite sides thereof the laterally outwardly projected shoulders 8311.In normal projected position of button member =58 with the push rod 55in its retracted position clutching outer door knob unit 0 to spindleiii, the arrowhead 83 forming the outer end of the push rod ispositioned between the converging spring fingers ill of arms 85.3 withthe nclined opposite side edges of head 83 engaged with the adjacentinclined sides of the converging spring fingers 8i, as will be clear byreference to Fig. 3. When, however, button member 4|] is depressed andpush rod 50 is projected outwardly to declutch the spindle Hi from outerknob unit 0 and, lock the latter unit against rotation, the arrow-head83 is forced outwardly between spring fingers 8|, forcing these fingersapart until their ends snap into positions behind the arrow-head 83engaged with the shoulders 83a. This position of push rod 59 and head 83is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3. When the arrow-head 83 of push rod56 is thus engaged by the spring fingers 8|, the push rod is constrainedand held in such position against retraction under the action of thebiasing springs 45 and 55.
Push rod 59 is released automatically from position engaged by springfingers ill, by either rotation of the inner knob unit I relative to thespring fingers, or by rotation of the spring fin gers relative to thepush rod and its arrow-head 83. For example, when inner knob unit I is1'0- tated, the spindle ii) and push rod 50 will be likewise rotated andsuch rotation will turn the arrow head 83 through approximately 99 tothereby turn the shoulders 83a thereof out of engagement with the endsor" the spring fingers BI such spring finger ends then engaging againstthe flat sides 82 of head 83. As soon as push rod 50 and its arrow-head83 have assumed this position, the push rod is released and the springs45 and 55 function instantly to project button member 40 and retract thepush rod to it position unlocking outer knob unit 0 and clutching thatunit to the spindle it. In the same manner push rod 59 is releasedautomatically from the spring fingers iii by rotation of arms Si? toposition the fingers at the flat sides d2 of the push rod arrow-head Theouter knob unit mounts therein a key operated cylinder lock. or the pintumbler type for eifecting rotation of spindle Iii to retract the latchbolt when the outer knob unit been latched or dogged inst rotation bydepression of the button member 13 in the inner lrnob unit I at theinside of the door. This cylinder lock embodies variou features or mypresent invention, both in its combination with and relatiom ship in thedoor lock unit or set and in its design and construction as a cylinderlock of the removable plug type. This cylinder loch the form thereofdisclosed herein, as adapted to the example embodiment of door lockunits of the invention, comprises rsically a cylinder body iili having adriver pin case llil extended longitudinally therlong outwardly from onside thereof, and a cylinder plug P which is rotatably mounted in thebody ltd and which provided with the usual keyway or slot K openingthrough one side of the plug for receiving therein an operativeReferring to Figs. 2 and 17, the cylinder body iilii is of tubular formproviding a circular bore or opening 592 extending axially therethroughand opening through the opposite ends of the body. The cylinder bodyiiiii is provided with a series of spaced bores i852 there-through alongthe under side of an opening into driver case tail for reciprocalprojection therethrough of the usual spring loaded driver pins itsreciprocally mounted in the driver case. Diametrically opposite drivercase iGl, the cylinder body Hill is provided with a rib formation iiiiiextending longitudinelly therealong and projected outwardly therefrom toform at the inner side thereof a groove Edd opening at its opposite endsthrough the ends of the cylinder body and being provided with spacedbores it? therethrough actually aligned with the bores at the drivercase side of the cylinder body. This groove 1% is open at the inner sidethereof throughout its length into the bore Hi2 of the cylinder body.The cylinder body we is mounted in assembled position within the outerknob unit 0 by securing the inner end of the body to the outer end ofthe insert sleeve In example, insert sleeve Gi is formed withdiametrically opposite recesses or slots therethrough (see 2) whichreceive therein the inner end portions of driver case tilt and ribrespectively, of the cylinder body. The forward end portion of insertsleeve lid is formed with an internal diameter to snugly receive thereinthe rear, externally cylindrical end portion of the cylinder body liiii.The cyl inder body is thus rigidly held in assembled position in knobunit 0 with the body being disposed and enclosed within knob cap 62 andthe forward open end of the body being located adjacent the inner sideof and axially aligned with the opening 3.2g in the cap.
In accordance with a feature of the invention, the cylinder plug P isassembled with and is adapted to rotate an actuator sleeve lit, by whichrotation of the cylinder plug by a key inserted therein will effectlatch bolt retracting rotation of the spindle id. This actuator sleeve 1i d the example embodiment, formed as a cylinc l, tubular member havinglongitudinal slot iii through one side thereof and being extended to andopening through opposite ends of the sleeve. The actuator sleeve iii?has an external diameter to be rotatably received and journaled in bore582 of cylinder body Hid. In mounted position or the actuator sleeve litin cylinder body Hit, the sleeve extends completely through bore N32with its forward end at the forward or outer end of the cylinder bodybut with its inner end portion projected a distance inwardly into theinsert sleeve beyond the inner end of the cylinder body Hill. At itsinner and actuator sleeve H ii is provided with a pair of rearwardlyextended teeth H2 positioned at op posite sides of slot ill indiametrically opposite locations on the sleeve. The spindle is isprovided at the outer end thereof with a head lid which is suitablyfixed thereto, and which is provided with an axial bore or opening I 5athrough which the push rod 50 extends. For attachment to the spindle Hi,the head H t may be provided with the slots l Ma to receive therein thetongues li lb formed on the end of the spindle (see Fig. 17). This headi H! is provided with a pair of forwardly extended teeth H5 located atdiametrically opposite positions on the head. The actuator sleeve iii}extends inwardly into insert sleeve till a distance to locate the teethi 52 thereof in positions for engaging upon rotation of the sleeve, theforwardly extended teeth HE of spindle head H4, as will be clear byreference to Fig. 11 in connection with Figs. 2, 3 and 17. In normalposition, the pairs of teeth H2 and H5 are approximately apart, so thatupon rotation of the actuator sleeve Ill! through the required number ofdegrees, the teeth H2 thereof will engage the teeth N5 of spindle headEM, and upon further rotation of sleeve lit in the same direction thespindle iii will be rotated thereby.
The cylinder plug P is formed at the forward end thereof with a radiallyextended flange iiiii therearound for engagement against the forward endedge of the actuator sleeve Hi3, when the plug P is mounted in assembledposition in the sleeve. The key slot K open through the forward flangedend of plug P in the usual manner familiar in this art. Along one sidedisposed longitudinally thereof from the end flange lid to the inner endof the plug P there is formed a rib portion i2! having a width to beslidably received in the longitudinal slot iii of the ao tuator sleeveH0. The outer face or surface mm of the rib portion HE is formed on aradius transversely thereof, such that surface i2ia with the plugmounted in the actuator sleeve llil, lies in the plane and forms acontinuation of the cylindrical outer surface of the sleeve. A series ofspaced bores 12% are formed in along the rib portion E21, which boresopen at their outer ends through the outer surface of such rib portionand at their inner ends open into and along the key slot K. These boresiii: are so located and spaced as to be axially with the bores i525which open through body tilt from the driver case 18!. Bores E22 areadapted to reciprocally mount therein the tumbler pins H23 in thegenerally conventional manner for this type of tumbler pin lock.
The opposite longitudinal sides rib 52E are adapted to engage theadjacent longitudinal side edges of the slot iii in the actuator sleevel iii, to thereby form the operative connection between the plug and thesleeve for rotation of the latter by hey rotation of the plug. Thecylinder plug P has a length greater than the length of the cylinderbody we and in mounted, assembled position of the actuator sleeve HQwith the plug P therein, the plug extends a distance inwardly throughthe sleeve beyond the inner end of the cylinder body but terminating adistance spaced inwardly from the inner end of the sleeve. A fixed pinor log M25 is formed from, or as a separate member secured in andextends radially outwardly from the rib portion I21 of plug P inposition to slidably engage against the inner end edge of the cylinderbody Hit in the assembled position of the actuator sleeve H8 and plug Pin the cylinder body. The outer end of insert sleeve is formed ofenlarged internal diameter to provide an annular space i25a forreceiving pin I25. In this manner the plug P is secured against outwarddisplacement in or removal from the actuator sleeve, while being freelyrotatable as a unit with that sleeve in the cylinder body Hill.
In the example hereof, the spring catch means comprised by the springarm 88, is mounted on and is rotatable as a unit with the cylinder plugP. This is effected by providing a bore 85 through cylinder plug Pbetween the inner end thereof and the inner end of the cylinder bodylllfl, with the opposite sides of the plug being provided withlongitudinally disposed grooves 85 extending across the opposite ends,respectively, of bore 85. Grooves 85 extend to and open through theinner end of the plug. Each of the spring arms 80 has the end thereofopposite the spring finger ill bent laterally to provide a mounting leg81. The spring arms at are mounted on and secured to the plug '1? byseating the arms in the grooves 86 With the mounting legs 3? thereofbeing extended into the bore 85 and with the spring fingers 8| of thearms in positions projected rearwardly or inwardly from the plug. Whenthe plug P is in mounted, assembled position in the actuator sleeve 122,the spring arms 86 are secured and maintained in proper assembledposition against displacement so as to be rotatable with the plug as aunit for functioning in the manner hereinbefore described.
With the door lock unit or set of the preferred eznbodi nent of Figs. 1to 3, in installed and mounted position on a door D, when button memberdo in the inner knob unit I is in projected position, the push rod is inretracted position with the clutch sleeve is engaged with the insertsleeve of the outer knob unit and with the arrow-head 83 of rod 55) ininactive position disengaged from the spring catch arms 88. Under suchconditions the latch bolt retracting spindle is rotatable by either theinner knob unit I or the outer knob unit 0 for latch bolt retraction, sothat the door D may be opened from either side by solely knob operation.
When it is desired to latch or dog the outer knob unit 0 againstrotation, so that the door cannot be opened from the outside except bythe use of a key to unlock the cylinder lock in the outer knob unit, thebutton member 4% is depressed in the inner knob unit I. This depressionprojects push rod 5-9 outwardly to move clutch sleeve 39 to positiondisconnecting or declutching outer knob unit 0 from spindle iii, and atthe same time eifects displacement of the locking balls ll; into lockingengagement in the lock plate 29 to thereby lock outer knob unit 0against rotation. {he projection of push rod 5!! to such positionengages the arrow-head 83 thereof in looking relation with spring arms80, so that the push rod and button member 46 are releasably locked insuch position with the outer knob unit 0 locked against rotation. Withthe outer knob unit 0 locked, then door opening, latch bolt retractionof the spindle It from the outside may only be effected by key operationof the cylinder lock in the outer knob unit. Insertion of the proper keyin the key slot K of the lock cylinder plug P will set the tumbler pinsI23 and driver pins I94 in the usual manner for rotation of plug P inthe lock. Rotation of cylinder plug P rotates actuator sleeve Hi! sothat the teeth I I2 thereof engage the teeth I [5 on spindle head I Mwith resulting rotation of the spindle and retraction of the latch bolt.
In this preferred exampled embodiment, when the button member 49 isdepressed with the outer knob unit latched or dogged against rotation,the door D may be opened by latch bolt retracting rotation of the innerknob unit I. Rotation of the inner knob unit will rotate push rod 50with spindle Hi and turn the arrow-head 83 into position released fromspring arms 86, whereupon the push rod and button member it will snapback to normal position. Similarly, upon key operation of the cylinderplug P, the arrow-head 83 of push rod 50 will be released from thespring arms by rotation of those arms with the actuator sleeve l W andplug P, to push rod releasing position.
In the event that it is desired to lock the mechanism against automaticrelease and projection of push button member 40 and push rod 58 fromdepressed position upon rotation of spindle lil by either the inner knobunit or key operation of the cylinder plug P, it is only necessary afterdepressing button member M] to rotate that member to engage lug 46 overthe shoulder 45a of the bayonet-forming slot 45 of button mountingsleeve 4 l When it is desired to restore the mechanism to automaticreleasing functioning, the button member 43 may be turned to the normalposition with the lug 46 lined up with the longitudinal slot 431) ofsleeve 4 I.
In Fig. 4 of the drawings I have shown a modified form of the exampleembodiment of Figs. 1 to 3, in which the provision for releasablylooking the push button member 49 and push rod 50 against automaticrelease from spring catch arms 8%, is eliminated. In this example, thishas been efiected by eliminating from the button member mounting sleeve4|, the bayonet slot 45 for engagement by lug 46 of tube 53 of the innerknob unit I. If desired, the longitudinal slot 431) together with thelug 46 may be retained for maintaining button member 40 and sleeve 4!against rotation as the button and sleeve are reciprocated betweenprojected and depressed positions. In this form of the invention,therefor, the push rod 50 and button member 45] are always automaticallyreleased under all conditions from looking engagement by the catch armsfill in depressed position of the button member, whenever either theinner knob unit I is rotated to rotate the spindle ID or the catch arms80 are rotated by key operated rotation of the cylinder plug P of thecylinder lock mounted in the outer knob unit 0.
In another modified form of the invention, as shown in Fig. 5, I haveprovided a form of push rod 50' which eliminates the arrow head 83 ofthe push rod 50. The push rod 50 has the inner end length 83' thereofformed of substantially constant external diameter therealong. In thismodified form the springs 80 of the form of Figs. 1 through 3 may, ifdesired, be eliminated, as shown by Fig. 5. By utilizing such push rod50',
the automatic, releasable locking of the push rod in its projected,actuating button-depressed position, is eliminated. However, thearrangement of bayonet slot 45 in the button mounting sleeve M with thelug QB in tube 53 of the inner knob unit I, or some equivalentarrangement, is included for releasably locking the button in depressed,push rod projected position, by manual turning of the button. Inoperation, when it is desired to lock or dog the outer knob unit in itslocked position, declutched from spindle iii, the button member to isdepressed and then rotated a quarter turn to locked position. Afterdepression of button it, the outer knob unit 0 will remain looked underall conditions of opera-- tion of the spindle Ill by either inner knobor look rotation, until the button member lit is manually turned back tounlocked position for projection by the combined action of springs :35and 55. Projection of button member 48 retracts push rod t and therebyunlocks outer knob unit 0 and again clutches that unit to spindle It forlatch bolt retraction by rotation of the outer lznob unit. This modifiedform of Fig. 5 provides for functioning of the door lock unit in amanner which is referred to generally in the art as a vestibule action.
Except for the changes hereinabove described, the modified forms ofFigs. 4 and 5 are in all other respects identical with the exampleembodiment of Figs. 1 to 3.
Removable cylinder plug An important feature of the invention resides inthe design construction and arrangement of the cylinder lock unit andits cylinder plug P and actuator sleeve Ht, and in the combination ofsuch unit and its components with certain of the components of the doorlock unit or set, to permit of the efficient removal and replacements ofthe cylinder plug P.
In mounted and assembled position in the door lock units of the exampleembodiments, the cylinder plug P is constrained or restricted to amaximum range of rotation of approximately 140, that is, to a maximumrange substantially less than 180, so that the cylinder plug cannot berotated through a complete half turn of 180 to thereby align pin I withthe inner end of the longitudinal slot it formed by the rib portion itsof the cylinder body Iiiil. This limitation of the angular range throughwhich cylin der plug P may be rotated, is due to the engagement of teethH2 of actuator sleeve iIil with the teeth lid of head H5 on spindle iii,and to the connection of the spindle into the latch bolt unit L with thelimited reciprocation provided thereby for the latch bolt B.
The cylinder plug P is, however, readily and efiiciently removable fromthe cylinder body Iilil and the outer knob unit 0, without the use ofspecial keys or implements, special or otherwise, and in such a mannerthat neither the tumbler pins H3 in the plug, nor the driver pins I04 inthe driver case I ll I, will be displaced inadvertently from'theirreceiving bores.
In order to remove the cylinder plug P from the cylinder body I06 andthe outer door knob unit 0, the inside knob I is first removed byunscrewing it completely from spindle I0. The plate securing screws I2are then unthreaded from lugs 23 on arms H of locking plate 20 to detachback plate iI and lock plate 29. The outside knob unit 0 is then drawnoutwardly from the door D to remove therewith as a unit the spindle It,lock plate 2%! and the associated mechanism. The outside knob unit 0with its attached mechanism is then held in an upside down position withthe marker A which is provided on shank ti, as shown in Fig. 1, invisible position at the upper side of the shank. The locking plate 2b isthen lined-up so that the ball receiving recesses I8 thereof will be inpositions in a plane midway between the vertical and the horizontal, topermit the locking balls 16 to enter the recesses.
With the outer knob unit 0 held in the foregoing position, the push rod59 is then depressed by pressing upon the outer, free end thereof, andwhile the push rod is thus depressed, the spindle I ii is twisted orrotated in either direction to thereby release the clutch sleeve Illwith resulting release of this sleeve for rotation. A key for thecylinder lock unit may then be inserted in normal position in the keyslot K of plug P to set the tumbler pins I23 and driver pins Hi l tounlock and release the cylinder plug for rotation in the cylinder bodyIto.
The key is then turned to rotate cylinder plug 1 P and its actuatorsleeve III! through until plug pin lid is lined-up with the slot lot incylinder body NW at the inner end of that slot. During such rotation itis or" importance to note that the actuator sleeve IIil is rotated toposition the closed side wall thereof over and across the driver pinbores It?) which open into passage I02 of the cylinder body, so that theactuator sleeve Ht then functions as a guard or retainer to preventdisplacement of these spring loaded pins. During the rotation of thecylinder plug P, the tumbler pins iZZ of the rib portion I2I of the plugwhich is received in slot III of actuator sleeve IIb, are closed againsttumbler pin displacement by the side wall of body Iiiil. In order toprevent displacement of the tumbler pins I23 from their bores into thegroove I65 of cylinder body we when the cylinder plug P is rotatedthrough its half turn with rib portion I2! linedup with and along slotItii, I have provided a removable wedge strip W within slot I96 tocompletel occupy that slot from end to end thereof with the innersurface defining bore M2 at opposite sides of the groove Hit. Thus, whenthe cylinder plug P has been rotated through the half-turn from normalposition to position with pin I25lined up with groove Iilii, the tumblerpins I 23 are retained against displacement by the wedge strip W. Fromthis position, the cylinder plug P may then be drawn outwardly with pinI25 sliding through groove Itfi, the wedge strip W being of courselocated on the upper side of the plug and being withdrawn therewith andbeing held by the fingers in position over the tumbler pin bores untilthe plug is completely removed.
In the present example, in order to insure against the inadvertentwithdrawal of the sleeve H5 from the cylinder body when the cylinderplug P is withdrawn, 1 have provided the sleeve with a small projectionlit-0i for arresting engagement with the rear or inner edge portion ofthe cylinder body which surrounds the bore therethrough. 'ihisprojection il ia is shown in Figs. 2 and 17, and is located on thesleeve intermediate the inner end of the sleeve and the inner end of thecylinder body when the sleeve is in assembled, cylinder plug receivingposition in the cylinder body. In such assembled position the 7projection Iifia is located at the under side of 0 the sleeve spaced adistance inwardly from the it? inner or rear end of the cylinder body.When the cylinder plug P and sleeve 1 it are rotated to position withthe pin I25 in line with groove E66, the sleeve projection is rotated toposition to engage the inner edge portion of the cylinder body in theevent that the sleeve should be withdrawn with the plug, so as to insureagainst complete withdrawal of the sleeve from the cylinder body. In theinitial assembly of the lock unit the sleeve I it may be inserted intoposition from the outer end of the cylinder body through the bore I32 byaligning the projection l Ida with the body groove it, then after theprojection is clear of the groove at the inner end of the body, rotatingthe sleeve to its proper assembled position with the slot Ill uppermostand the projection then in position to engage the cylinder body andprevent inadvertent withdrawal of the sleeve.
After cylinder plug P has been reloaded with the desired combination oftumbler pins, the reloaded plug may be readily replaced in the cylinderbody Hit by placing a wedge strip W over the tumbler pin bores andinserting the plug and wedge into the cylinder body with the wedge andpin 525 sliding through and along groove H36 of the cylinder body. Afterthe plug P is in fully inserted position it may be then rotated through180 to its normal position of assembly with pin I25 engaged against theinner edge portion of the cylinder body 63. The key may then be removedand spindle H3 turned in the proper direction to engage the clutchsleeve 16 with the spindle. The spindle it may then be inserted throughdoor opening 2 and through the latch bolt unit L in the usual manner ofassembly. The fastening screws l2 may then be inserted to position andscrewed up to clamp plates [I and 20 in pos'tion against the door, afterwhich the inner knob unit I is screwed onto the inner end of the spindleto complete the reassembly and remounting of the lock unit on the door.
No claim is made herein to the cylinder lock unit per se as such unitand the arrangement and. construction thereof are claimed in my pendingapplication Serial No. 259,565, filed December 3, 1951, as a division ofthis present application.
The design and construction of the cylinder lock unit comprsed by bodyI80, actuator sleeve H0, cylinder plug P, and wedge strip W, is shown inan adaptation thereof for the combination with the particular door lockunits or sets of the e;:ample embodiments. However, it is to beunderstood that the various features of the removable plug of theinvention are not restricted to the example adaptation, as such featuresare capable of other adaptations to cylinder locks generally, and theinvention contemplates and includes such adaptations.
It will also be evident to those skilled in the art, that variouschanges, modifications, substituti ons, eliminations and additions maybe resorted to without departing from the broad spirit and scope of myinvention, and, hence, it is not my intention to limit the invention inall respects to the exact and specific disclosures of the exampleembodiments herein illustrated and described, except as may be requiredby clearly intended specific limitations thereto included in any of theappended claims.
What I claim is:
1. In a door lock, in combination; a latch bolt retracting spindle; aninner knob mounted on said spindle; an outer knob mounted on saidspindle for rotation independently thereof; a clutch sleeve mounted onsaid spindle for move- 20 ment in either direction axially thereof; aclutch member on said outer knob for clutching engagement by said clutchsleeve in one position thereof and for disengagement therefrom inanother position thereof; a push button member reciprocally mounted insaid inner knob; said spindle being provided with an axial boretherethrough; a push rod reciprocally mounted in said spindle bore andbeing attached at its outer end to said push button member; and saidpush rod being operatively connected to said clutch sleeve for movingsaid sleeve under the control of said push button member to and fromclutching engagement with said outer knob clutch member.
2. In a door lock unit, in combination; a latch bolt retracting spindle;an inner knob mounted on said spindle; an outer knob mounted on saidspindle for rotation independently thereof; a clutch operable topositions to connect said outer knob with or disconnect said knob fromsaid spindle; a manually operable member mounted in said inner knob andbeing operatively conected with said clutch for selectively operatingthe clutch to outer knob connecting or disconnecting positions; biasingmeans continuously biasing said manually operable member to positionwith said clutch in position connecting said outer knob with saidspindle member; means adapted to hold said clutch in outer knobdisconnecting position; and said last named means being operableautomatically by rotation of said spindle member to release said clutchfor biasing to its position connecting said outer knob with sa d spindlemember.
3. In a door lock, in combination; a latch bolt retracting spindle; aninner knob mounted thereon; an outer knob mounted on said spindle forrotation independently thereof; a clutch sleeve slidably mounted on saidspindle within sa'd outer knob; a clutch member on said outer knobadapted to be engaged and disengaged by said clutch sleeve to connectand disconnect said outer knob from said spindle; manually operablemeans on said inner knob operatively connected with said clutch sleeve;biasing means connected with said manually operable means and beingadapted to continuously bias said member to position with said clutchsleeve engaged with said outer knob clutch member; catch means adaptedto be automatically engaged by and to releasably hold said manuallyoperable means in positon with said clutch sleeve in position disengagedfrom said outer knob clutch member; and said catch means being adaptedto automatically release said manually operable means upon rotation ineither direction of said latch bolt retracting spndlc.
4. In a door lock unit, in combination; a latch bolt retracting spindle;an inner knob mounted on said spindle; a fixed lock plate; an outer knobjournaled in said look plate, said spindle being extended axiallythrough said lock plate into said outer knob; a sleeve member mounted onsaid spindle within said outer knob for reciprocation on said spindle;locking members operable by reciprocation of said sleeve member betweenpositions locking said outer knob to said lock plate against andreleasing said knob for rotation; a push button reciprocally mounted insaid inner knob; a push rod connecting said push button with said sleevemember; means adapted to continuously bias said push button to positionwith said sleeve member releasing said locking members from latchingengagement with said lock plate; and means for releasably holding saidpush rod and sleeve member in position with saidlocking members inlooking position to maintain said outer knob against rotation.
5. In a door lock unit, in combination; .a latch bolt retracting, rotaryspindle; an inner knob mounted on said spindle for rotation therewith; afixed lock plate; an outer knob rotatably mounted in said lock plate,said spindle being extended through said lock plate and into said outerknob axially thereof; a sleeve member mounted on said spindle withinsaid outer knob for reciprocation on said spindle; locking membersmounted in said outer knob for movements radially to and from lockingpositions engaged with said lock plate; said sleeve member being adaptedto engage said locking members to move said members in one position ofsaid sleeve into locking engagement with said plate and in anotherposition of said sleeve to release said, members from locking position;a push button reciprocally mounted in said inner knob; a push rodconnecting said push button with said sleeve member; means adapted tocontinuously bias said push button to position with said sleeve memberreleasing said locking members from locking engagement with said lockplate; and means for releasably holdingsaid push rod and sleeve memberin position with said looking members in locking engagement with saidlock plate.
6. In a door lock .unit, in combination; a latch bolt retracting, rotaryspindle; an inner knob mounted on said spindle; a fixed lock plate; anouter knob rotatably mounted in said lock plate, said spindle beingextended through said plate and into said outer knob axially thereof; aclutch sleeve reciprocally mounted on said spindle within said outerknob; a clutchmember mounted on said outer knob and being adapted to beengaged by said clutch sleeve in one position of said sleeve to connectsaid knob with said spindle and to be disengaged from said sleeve inanother position of the sleeve; locking members mounted in said outerknob and being adapted to be moved radially to and from outer knoblocking engagement with said lock plate by reciprocation of said clutchsleeve; said locking members being adapted to be moved to lockingposition by movement of said clutch sleeve from position engaged withsaid clutch member and to be released for displacement from lockingposition by movement of said clutch sleeve to position engaged with saidclutch member; a push, button reciprocally mounted in said inner knob; apush rod connecting said push button with said clutch sleeve; meansadapted to continuously bias said push button to position with saidclutch sleeve engaged with said clutch member; and means forreleasablyholding said push rod and clutch sleeve in position disengaged from saidclutch member and with said locking members in looking engagement withsaid lock plate.
7. In a doorlock unit, in combination; a latch bolt retracting, rotaryspindle; an inner knob mounted on said spindle for rotation therewith; afixed lock plate; an outer knob rotatably mounted in said lock plate,said spindle being extended through said lock plate into said outer knobaxially thereof and being rotatable independently of said outer knob; aclutch sleeve reciprocally mounted on said spindle within said outerknob;
a clutch member mounted in said outer knob adapted to be engaged by saidclutch sleeve to connect said knob to said spindle in one position ofthe sleeve and adapted to be disengaged from said clutch sleeve todisconnect said knob from said spindle in, another position of thesleeve; locking members mounted in said outer knob for movements to andfrom locking positions engaged with said lock plate to latch and unlatchsaid outer knob from said spindle; said locking members being engageablewith said clutch sleeve and being adapted to be moved to lockingpositions by movement of said sleeve to position disengaged from saidclutch member and to positions released from said lock plate by saidclutch sleeve when in position engaged with said clutch member; andmanually operable means mounted on said inner knob and being operativelycoupled with said clutch sleeve for selectively operating said sleeve.
8. In a door lock unit, in combination; a latch bolt retracting, rotaryspindle; an inner knob mounted on said spindle; a fixed lock platehaving a hub portion, said hub portion and plate having an axial boretherethrough, and said hub portion being provided with spaced recessestherein opening into said bore; an outer knob having a hubforming sleeverotatably mounted in and extended through said lock plate hub portion;saidispindle being extended through the bore of said lock plate and hubportion and axially into said hubforming sleeve of the outer knob andbeing rotatable independently of said knob sleeve and said lock plate; asleeve member reciprocally mounted on said spindle within said outerknob sleeve; said knob sleeve being provided with radially disposedbores therethrough; locking ball members mounted in said sleeve boresfor movements therein; said sleeve member being formed to force saidball members outwardly through said knob sleeve bores to lockingengagement in said lock plate hub recesses, respectively, when in oneposition on said spindle and being formed to release said ball membersfor movements inwardly through said sleeve bores to positions disengagedfrom said lock plate hub recesses when in another position on saidspindle; and clutch means adapted to be actuated by reciprocation ofsaid sleeve member to connect and disconnect said outer knob andspindle.
9. In the combination as defined in claim 8, manually operable meansmounted on said inner knob and being operatively connected with saidsleeve member for reciprocating said member on said spindle.
10. In the combination as defined in claim 8, said spindle beingprovided with an axial bore therethrough, a push rod reciprocallymounted in said bore and being connected at one end thereof to saidsleeve member, the opposite end of said push rod being extended intosaid inner knob, and a push button reciprocally mounted in said innerknob and being connected with the adjacent end of said push rod.
11. In a door lock unit, in combination; a rotary spindle; an inner knobmounted on said spindle; a fixed lock plate having a bore therethroughand being provided with recesses therein at opposite sides of andopening into said bore; an outer knob having an insert sleeve rotatablymounted in said lock plate in position extended through the bore of saidplate, said spindle being extended axially into said insert sleeve ofthe outer knob and being rotatable independently of said sleeve; aclutch sleeve reciprocally mounted on said spindle within said knobinsert sleeve and being adapted to be moved inwardly into clutchingengagement with said insert sleeve to connect said outer knob to saidspindle and being movable outwardly on said spindle to position aeeaesrengaged from said outer knob insert sleeve; said clutch sleeeve beingalso formed for"receiving said ball members in positions moved inwardlythrough said bores out of engagement with said lock plate recesses whensaid clutch sleeve is moved outwardly to position engaged with saidinsert sleeve; and manually operablenieans connected'with said fclutchsleeve for selectively moving said sleeve between positions engaged withand disengaged from said outerknob insert sleeve.
"12: In a door lock unit, in combination; a latch bolt'retracting,rotary spindle; an inner knob mounted on said spindle: an outer knobmounted for rotation; said spindle being extended axially into saidouter knob and being adapted to be rotated independently thereof; aclutch operable to position engaging said outer knob with said spindleand to positiondisengagingsaid spindle fromsaid'outer knob; 'meansoperatively associatedwith said clutch andbeing adapted to be actuatedthereby to lock said outer knob against rotation when'said clutch is inposition disengaging said knob' from said spindle and to unlock-andrelease said knob when said clutch is in position connecting said knobwith the spindle; a manually operable push button mounted in said innerknob; a push rod extended from said push button to and being.operatively connected with said clutch for selective operation of thelatter by said push button; a cylinder lock unit mounted in said outerknob and including a key operable cylinder plug therein; and anactuating member adapted to operatively connect said cylinder plug withsaid spindle for rotation of the latter by key rotation of said cylinderplug when said outer knob is locked against rotation by said clutchoperated locking means.
13. In a door lock unit in combination; a latch bolt retracting, rotaryspindle; an inner knob mounted on said spindle; a fixed lock plate; anouter knob rotatably mounted in said lock plate; said spindle beingextended axially into said outer knob; a clutch member mounted on saidspindle within said outer knob for reciprocation on the spindle betweena position engaged with said knob to connect the knob to the spindle anda position disconnected from said knob to free said spindle for rotationindependently of the knob; locking means connected with said spindlemounted clutch member for actuation thereby to lock said outer knob tosaid lock plate when said clutch member is disconnected from the knoband to release said knob from said lock plate when said clutch member isengaged with the knob; a lock unit mounted in said outer knob andincluding a key rotatable cylinder plug therein; and actuating meansconnected with said cylinder plug and being adapted to engage saidspindle for rotating the spindle upon key rotation of said cylinderplug.
14. In a door lock unit, in combination; a latch boltwetracting,rotaryspindle; an inner knob mounted onsaid spindle; a fixed'lock plate havinga bore therethrough of greater diameter than said spindle, said spindlebeing extended axially through said lock plate; an outer knob includ-'ing'an insert sleeve disposed axially thereof and being rotatablymounted in and extended through said latch plate bore between andconcentric with said'spindle and said plate; a clutch sleevereciprocally mounted on said spindle within said outer knob insertsleeve; said insert sleeve being provided with a clutch member adaptedto be engaged by' said sleeve in one position thereof to connect saidknob to said spindle and to be dis-' engaged by said'clutch sleeve inanother position thereof to'disconnect said knob insert sleeve and saidspindle; locking means operatively connected with said clutch sleeve forlocking said insert sleeve to and unlocking the same from said lockplate, said locking means being adapted to be actuated by said clutchsleeve to lock said outer knob to said lock plate when said clutchsleeve is disconnected from said knob insert sleeve andito unlock saidknob from said lock plate when said clutch sleeve is engaged with saidinsert sleeve clutch member; manually operable means mounted in saidinner knob and being operatively connected with said clutch sleeve forselectively reciprocating said sleeve; a lock unit mounted in said outerknob and including 'a'key operable cylinder plug rotatably mountedthere'- in; and actuating means connected with said cylinder plug andbeing adapted to engage said spindle to rotate the latter'upon'keyrotation of said plug.
15. In a door lock unit, in'combination; a latch bolt retracting, rotaryspindle; an inner knob mounted on said spindle; a fixed lock platehaving a'bore therethrough; an outer knob rotatably mounted in the boreof said lock plate; said spindle being extended into said outer knobaxially thereof; a lock unit mounted in said outer knob and including akey operable cylinder plug rotatably mounted therein; actuating meansconnected with said cylinder plug and being adapted to engage and rotatesaid spindle upon key rotation of said cylinder plug; clutch means onsaid spindle within said outerknob adapted for selective operation toengage said knoband connect the knob to said spindle or to disengagesaid knob to disconnect the knob from the spindle; 'a push buttonreciprocally mounted in said inner knob; a push rod reciprocally mountedinand extending axially through said spindle; said push rod beingconnected at one end thereof to said'clutch means for actuating saidmeans by reciprocation of said rod and being connected at the oppositeend to said push button for reciprocation by said button; a spring catchmounted within said outer knob between the inner end of said spindle andsaid lock unit and being adapted to be releasably engaged by the innerend of said push rod upon reciprocation of that rod inwardly by saidpush button; and said spring catch being adapted to be actuated torelease said push rod upon rotation of said spindle; and biasing meansadapted to continuously bias said push button and said push rod in adirection to withdraw said push rod from said spring catch.
16. In a door lock unit, in combination; a latch bolt retracting, rotaryspindle; an inner knob mounted on said spindle; a fixed lock plate; anouter knob rotatably mounted in said lock plate; said spindle beingextended axially into said outer knob and being adapted for rotationinde- 25 pendently thereof; a clutch member mounted on said spindlewithin said outer knob for movements between a position engaged withsaid knob to connect the knob to the spindle and a position disconnectedwith said knob to free said spindle for rotation independently of theknob; means for locking said outer knob against rotation when saidclutch member is in position disengaged with said knob and for unlockingsaid outer knob when said clutch member is engaged with the knob; acylinder lock unit mounted in said outer knob and including a keyrotatable cylinder plug therein; tooth members on the inner end of saidspindle within said outer knob; an actuator sleeve connected with saidcylinder plug and being extended rearwardly therefrom into said outerknob; and said actuator sleeve being provided at its inner end withtooth members adapted upon key rotation of said cylinder plug to engagesaid spindle tooth members to thereby rotate said spindle.
17. In a door lock unit, in combination; a latch bolt retracting, rotaryspindle; an inner knob mounted on said spindle; a fixed lock plate; an
outer knob rotatably mounted in said lock plate;
said spindle being extended axially into said outer knob; a clutchmember movably mounted on said spindle within said outer knob and beingadapted in one position thereof to engage said knob to connect the knobwith said spindle and in another position thereof to disengage said knobto disconnect the knob from the spindle for rotation of the spindleindependently of the knob; locking means connected with said spindlemounted clutch member for actuation thereby to lock said outer knob tosaid lock plate when said clutch member is in position disengaged fromsaid knob and to unlock said knob from said lock plate when said clutchmember is engaged with the knob; a manually operable member mounted insaid inner knob; mechanism connecting said manually operable member withsaid spindle mounted clutch member for selective movement of the latterto either of its aforesaid positions; a cylinder lock unit mounted insaid outer knob and including a key rotatable cylinder plug therein;spaced tooth' members mounted on the inner end of said spindle withinsaid outer knob; an actuator member connected with and rotatable by saidcylinder plug and being extended inwardly therefrom-into said outerknob; and spaced tooth members on said actuator member adapted uponrotation of said latter member by said cylinder plug to engage saidspindle tooth members for rotation of said spindle.
18. In a door lock unit, in combination; a latch bolt retracting, rotaryspindle; an inner knob mounted on said spindle; an outer knob rotatablymounted independently of said spindle and said spindle being extendedaxially thereinto for rotation independently of said knob; a clutchmember movably mounted on said spindle within said outer knob and beingadapted in one position thereof to engage and connect said outer knobwith said spindle and in another position to be disengaged from saidspindle to release said spindle for independent rotation; a push rodreciprocally mounted in and extending through said spindle with one endthereof being extended into said inner knob and the other end thereofbeing extended beyond the adjacent end of said spindle into said outerknob; said clutch member being connected with said push rod and beingadapted to be moved thereby to and from positions engaged and disengagedwith said outer knob; a push button reciprocally mounted in said innerknob and being connected with the adjacent end of said push rod forreciprocating said rod; a cylinder lock unit mounted in said outer knoband including a key rotatable cylinder plug therein; tooth membersmounted on the end of said spindle within said outer knob; an actuatorsleeve connected with said cylinder plug and being extended inwardlytherefrom in axial alignment with said spindle; said actuator sleevebeing provided at its inner end with tooth members adapted to engagesaid spindle tooth members when said actuator sleeve is rotated by keyrotation of said cylinder plug.
19. In the combination as defined in claim 18; a spring catch mounted insaid actuator sleeve and being adapted to releasably engage the innerend of said push rod when said rod is actuated to move said clutchmember to position disengaged from said outer knob.
20. In the combination as defined in claim 18; biasing means adapted tocontinuously bias the push button and push rod into position with saidclutch member engaged with said outer knob; and a spring catch mountedin said outer knob and being adapted to engage and releasably hold theadjacent end of said push rod when said rod is in position with saidclutch sleeve disengaged from said outer knob.
21. In the combination as defined in claim 18; a spring catch mounted inand rotatable with said actuator sleeve and being adapted to releasablyengage and hold said push rod when the latter is in position with saidclutch member disengaged from said outer knob and when said cylinderplug is in normal locking position; and said spring catch and push rodend being constructed and arranged for automatic release of said pushrod upon relative rotation between said push rod and spring catch.
22. In a door lock, in combination; a spindle having external threadingand an axial bore therethrough; a knob unit threaded on to said spindle;a push rod reciprocally mounted in said spindle bore and being extendedinto said knob unit; a push button unit reciprocally mounted in saidknob unit in axial alignment with said push rod; said push rod beingprovided with external threading thereon having the same lead as theexternal threading of said spindle; and said push button unit beingthreaded onto said push rod to connect said push rod to said buttonunit.
23. In a door lock unit, in combination; a rotary spindle provided withexternal threading thereon and having an axial bore therethrough; ahollow knob unit threaded onto said spindle; a push rod reciprocallymounted in said spindle bore and being extended into said knob unit,said push rod being formed with an enlarged diameter head within saidknob unit having external threading thereon of the same lead as the leadof the external threading on said spindle; a push button unit threadedon said externally threaded head; and a biasing spring mounted on saidpush rod between said enlarged diameter head and the adjacent end ofsaid spindle within said knob unit.
24. In a door lock unit, in combination, a rotary spindle provided withexternal threading and having an axial bore therethrough; a hollow knobunit having a hub insert provided with an internally threaded boretherethrough threaded onto said spindle; a push rod reciprocally mountedin said spindle bore and being extended into said knob unit, the end ofsaid push rod within said knob unit being provided with an enlargeddiameterhead having externalthreading of the same lead as the lead ofthe external threading of. said spindle; the external diameter ofthethreading of said head being less than the internal diameter of thethreading in said knob insert bore; said knob unit having a boretherethrough in the outer side thereof in axial alignment with said pushrod; a tube member mounted on said hub insert and being extendedtherefrom in position surrounding said spindle; a 'push button unitreciprocally mounted in said tube member and being extended through saidknob unit bore; and said push button unit being threaded onto saidexternally threaded head of said push rod.
25.. In combination, in a door latch unit; a rotary spindle; a fixedlock plate having a bore therethrough; a knob having an insert sleeverotatably mounted in said lock plate bore; said spindle being extendedaxially into said insert sleeveof said knob for rotation independentlythereof; a camming sleeve member mountedon the exterior of, said spindlefor rotation therewith and being also mounted for reciprocation on saidspindle within said knob insert sleeve independently of the spindle;said insert sleeve being formed with bores disposed radially throughcpposite sides thereof at opposite sides of said camming sleeve member;ballmembers'moun'ted in said insert sleeve bores; said lock plate beingformed with recesses therein opening into said lock plate bore atopposite sides of said knob insert sleeve for alignment with said insertsleeve bores; said camming sleeve member in One position thereof on saidspindle being adapted to'c'am said ball members outwardly into lockingengagement in said insert sleeve bores and said lock plate recesses tolock said knob against rotation and in another position thereof beingadapted to release said balls for inward movement to positionsdisengaged from said lock'plate recesses to release said knob forrotation; and said camming member in the position thereof releasing saidball members to release said knob for rotation being adapted to engageand connect said insert sleeve with said spindle for rotation of saidspindle by said knob.
V 26. In the combination as defined in claim 25, manually operable meansfor reciprocating said camming sleeve member selectively to either aposition cainniing or a position releasing said ball members.
27. In the combination as defined in claim'25, manually operable meansfor selectively reciprocating said camming sleeve member; biasing meansadapted to continuously bias said camming'sleeve member to positionreleasing'said ball members from looking engagement with said lockplate; and means for releasably holding said camming sleeve member inthe position thereof oamming said ball members into locking engagementwith said lock plate.
28. In combination, in'a door latch unit; a rotary spindle; a fixed lookplate having a bore therethrough; a knob having an insert sleevejournalled in said lock plate bore; said spindle being extended axiallyinto said insert sleeve of said knob forrotation indep t y. t reof;camming sleeve member reciprocally mounted on said spindle forreciprocation thereon within said knob insert sleeve; said insert sleevebeing formed with bores disposed radially through opposite sides thereofat the oppositesidesof said camming sleeve member; ball members mountedin said insert sleeve bores; said lock plate. being formed with recessestherein opening into said lock plate bore at opposite sides of said knobinsert sleeve for alignment with said insert sleeve bores; said cammingsleeve member in one positionthereof on said spindle being adapted tocam said balls outwardly into locking engagement in said insert sleevebores and said lock plate recesses and in anotherposition thereof beingadapted to, release said ball members for inward movements to' positionsdisengaged from said lock plate recesses to release said knob forrotation; and said camming sleeve member being also formed to engagesaid knob insert sleeve to. connect said sleeve to said spindle whensaid camming sleeve member is in position releasing said ball membersfrom looking engagement in said lock plate recesses.
29. In a door lock unit, in combination; a latch bolt retracting, rotaryspindle; an inner knob mounted on said spindle for rotating the spindle;an outer knob rotatably mounted independently of but receiving thereinthe said spindle; a clutch sleeve reciprocally mounted on said spindle;a fixed locking member; movable locking means connected with said clutchsleeve and being operable to position engaged with said fixed lockingmember to lock said outer knob against rotation in one position of saidclutch sleeve and being operable to position disengaged from said fixedlocking member to release said outer knob for rotation in anotherposition of said clutch sleeve; said clutch sleeve and said outer knobeach being formed with fixed members thereon adapted to be interengagedto lock said outer knob with said spindle when said clutch sleeve is inposition with the outer knob released by said movable locking means andto be disengaged when said clutch sleeve is in position with the outerknob locked by said movable locking means; and manually operable meansconnected with said clutch sleeve for selectively reciprocating saidsleeve between position engaged with and position disengaged from saidouter knob.
GO'I'IHARD HAGSTROM.
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2024-03-22
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1950-12-01
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1953-12-15"
}
|
US-17886362-A
|
Motion changing mechanisms
Aug. 10, 1965 c. F. PRINS 3,199,361
MOTION CHANGING MECHANISMS Filed March 12, 1962 6 Sheets-Sheet l Aug.10, 1965 c. F. PRINS MOTION CHANGING MECHANISMS 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 FiledMarch 12, 1962 v Aug. 10, 1965 c. F. PRINS MOTION CHANGING MECHANISMS 6Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed March 12, 1962 Aug. 10, 1955 g, F, Ns 3,199,361
MOTION CHANGING MECHANISMS Filed March 12, 1962 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Aug.10, 1965 c. F. PRINS 3,199,361
MOTION CHANGING MECHANISMS Filed March 12, 1962 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Aug.10, 1965 c. F. PRINS 3,199,361
MOTION CHANGING MECHANISMS Filed March 12, 1962 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 UnitedStates Patent 3,199,361 MUTEON CHAN'GENG MECHANHSMS Christian F. Pains,Olifantsvlei 16 Dist. H3 R0. Eiirenhof, via Johannesburg, Transvaal,Republic of South Africa Filed Mar. 12, 1962, Ser. No. 178,863 iaimspriority, application Republic of South Africa,
Mar. 14, 1961, 1,026/61 7 Claims. (Cl. 74-124) This invention rel-atesto motion changing mechanisms of the kind in which a rotary motion istransformed into an oscillating or reciprocating movement. In particularthe invention is intended for use in speed reducing de vices asdescribed below.
Speed reducing devices to which the invention relates include a driveshaft providing one or more cylindrical cams eccentrically locatedrelative to the shaft and which act to oscillate straps, the pointswhere the straps engage the bearing surfaces of the cams being in thenature of followers. The straps embrace an output shaft in such a mannerthat the oscillation of the followers at the driver causes rotation ofthe output shaft. The cycle of operation is such that on the rise of afollower the associated strap grips the output shaft and turns it apredetermined amount, and on the fall of the follower the strap releasesits grip and returns or is returned to a neutral position. Speedreducers of this character have been the subject of study for manyyears.
The amplitude of oscillation of the follower, the number of strapsemployed and the speed of rotation of the drive shaft determine thespeed of the output shaft.
Various attempts have been made to provide an effective control meansfor a speed reducer of the kind in question, one which would enable asubstantial range of output speeds to be obtained for a fixed speed ofthe drive shaft, but to the knowledge of the applicant no satisfactoryspeed varying device has been provided. An object of the presentinvention is to provide a speed control mechanism which will enablevariations of the output speed to be obtained for a constant drive shaftspeed. Other objects of the invention will appear as the specificationproceeds.
The invention is also directed to the provision of means merely for thepurpose of Changing rotary motion of a drive shaft into oscillatorymotion of a follower, the means having special characterizing featuresas will appear hereunder.
According to the invention, there is provided apparatus for theconversion of rotary motion into reciprocating motion which includes adrive shaft, a first cylindrical eccentric mounted on and fixed to theshaft, a second cylindrical eccentric having a cylindrical recess forthe the snug accommodation of the first eccentric. The two eccentricsare rotatable relatively to one another to vary the eccentricity of thesecond eccentric relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft. Followermeans is provided for the second eccentric which is adapted forundergoing oscillation upon eccentric rotation of the second eccentricfor having the oscillation converted to rotary movement. The apparatusfurther comprises a flyweight system adapted to orbit the shaft underthe influence of centrifugal force, and a link-age system coupling theflyweight system to both eccentrics, the linkage system includingelements rigid with respective eccentrics, which elements are relativelymovable upon radially outward movement of the flyweight system toincrease the eccentricity of the second eccentric, the element rigidwith the second eccentric being effective to convert drag which isimparted to the second eccentric by the follower means into reverserelative movement of the elements.
Also according .to the invention the elements of the 3,19,361 PatentedAug. 10, 1965 ice linkage system are arms rigidly coupled to the eccen-.trics, the arms diverging radially, the flyweight system includinglinks pivotally connected together and to the free ends of the arms.
Preferably the apparatus provides tWo identical first and secondeccentric sets mounted in anti-phase on the shaft, and a flywheel barmounted on the shaft having opposed radially disposed guides forconstraining pivotal movement of the links of the flywheel system.
Control means may also be provided for varying the orbital radius of thesystem in order to control the throw of the follower means, the controlmeans including a stop rigid with the shaft and .a mating stop rigidwith a second eccentric, which stops on engagement, lock the shaft andsecond eccentrics against relative movement and limit the flywheelsystem to rotate in a predetermined orbit, and a regulator for adjustingthe angular setting of the stops when the shaft is stationary. Forsituations in which the device is to be used as a speed changingmechanism the followers of the follower means are preferably rigid withstraps embracing an output shaft and which act to rotate the shaftaccording to the oscillatory rise and fall of the followers.
Further according to the invention the elements of the linkage systemmay be arms rigid with the first and second eccentrics, the arms beingcoupled to the flywheel system through a flexible link slidably engagingat least one weight such that relative movement of the eccentrics actingto increase or decrease the effective length of the link alters theorbital radius of the weight about the axis of the shaft.
The flexible link arrangement is preferably one in which a plurality ofweights is symmetrically disposed about the shaft and all the weightsare engaged by the link.
According further to the invention a first and second eccentric set ismounted on the shaft to each side of a common flyweigh-t system, theeccentric sets being mounted in antiaphase.
In a further arrangement of the invention the controller includes ahelically threaded portion on the shaft, a sleeve covering the threadedportion of the shaft, fast with the shaft stop and having at least oneaxial slot, and a traveller nut on the shaft with a projection engagingin the slot, movement of the nut along the shaft acting to turn thesleeve to alter the angular relationship of the stops.
Preferably the sleeve is enclosed in a rotatable housing adapted onrotation to cause the desired movement of the traveller nut.
The invention also provides for a plurality of first and second camsmounted in sets on the shaft with the followers to operate in balancedphase relationship.
In order to illustrate the invention two examples are describedhereunder with reference to the accompanying drawings in which FIGURE 1is a perspective view of a device for reducing speed,
FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of a second form of speed reducer inaccordance with the invention with its cover plate removed,
FIGURE 3 is a sectional side view of the device of FIGURE 2,
FIGURE 4 is a sectional end elevation on the line IVIV of FIGURE 3,
FIGURE 5 is a sectional side elevation on the line V-V of FIGURE 3,
' FIGURE 6 is a section on the line VIVI of FIG- URE 5 with the lefthand cover plate and locating washer removed,
FIGURE 7 is a similar view to that of FIGURE 6 with the washer inposition,
FIGURE 8 is a section on the line VIIIVIII of FIGURE 5,
FIGURE 9 is a perspective with parts broken away showing the stop meansthrough which the output speed may be adjusted, and
FIGURE 10 is a section with parts broken away showing an alternativearrangement for controlling the output speed.
Referring to FIGURE 1, the device includes an input shaft Ill on whichis mounted in anti-phase two spaced cylindrical first eccentrics I2 andon these elements ride second cylindrical eccentrics 13 which are againdisposed in anti-phase on their respective first eccentrics. By movementof the first and second eccentric sets relative to one another so theeccentricity of the second eccentric rela-tive'to the axis of rotationof the shaft may be 'varied through a range depending upon designrequirements. In the embodiment the variation is allowed to take placein a range which at one end involves no eccentricity, a position whichcorresponds to a state where the follower 14, riding on the eccentricsurface 15, remains stationary, i.e. the follower has no throw.
In order to adjust the eccentricity of the second eccentric through therange in order to control the throw of the followers 14, the eccentricsare associated with flyweight systems which orbit the drive shaft 11.Thus, in the example under consideration, the first eccentric I2 is fastwith the shaft 11 and from the shaft, and fast therewith, an arm 16projects; in other words the arm 16 is directly or indirectly rigidlycoupled to the first eccentric. A similar arm 17 projects outwardly fromthe second eccentric l3 and the ends of arms 16 and 17 are pivotallyconnected, respectively, to links 13 and 19 which in turn are joinedpivotally at 23. The combination of links 18 and I9 constitute theflyweight system for the two eccentrics l2 and I3. Exactly the samearrangement is provided for the second pair of elements 12 and I3 andthe two flyweight systems are constrained for movement in guides 21provided by the flywheel bar 22 mounted on the shaft llll.
9n rotation of the shaft 11 centrifugal force commences to act on theflyweight systems as they orbit the shaft axis; and the effect of theradially outward movement of the systems is to turn the eccetrics 312and 13 relative to one another through arms 16 and 17, thereby toincrease the eccentricity of the second eccentric I3 relative to theaxis of the shaft 11. In some arrangements the outward travel of theflyweight systems is purely a function of the speed of rotation of theshaft ll; i.e. the faster the shaft turns the greater the radiallyoutward movement of the system and this movement is ultimately checkedby the mechanical design of the device or by load conditions imposed onthe eccentric surface by the follower 14.
In the embodiment, however, the throw of the follower is speciallycontrolled to suit output requirements at shaft 23, for in this case theoscillatory motion of the followers is transformed back again into arotary motion to make the device into a speed reducer.
For controlling the radially outward movement of the flyweight systemand thereby the throw of the follower, the eccentric 13 is equipped witha stop 24 which is adapted to engage with a mating stop 25 fast with theshaft 11 through adjustable boss 26. The throw of the eccentric dependsupon the. angular relationship of the part a rotary movement to thisshaft as its follower oscillates on the eccentric track The strap isadapted .to move through a cycle during oscillation of the followerwhich includes gripping the shaft boss 28 and rotating it apredetermined amount as the follower rises on the eccentric track, andreleasing the grip and returning to a neutral position as the followerfalls on the track. It will be noted in the example that the followerlid is double headed in the sense that it is of a forked character. Thereason for this is that on the fall of the follower the lower section ofthe fork is engaged by the eccentric to ensure that the strap isreturned to the neutral position.
Strap type speed reducers are per se known and it is not proposed todescribe in detail the method by which they change the reciprocatorymotion of the followers into rotation of shaft 23 Sufilce to say thattheir action is analogous to the gripping of a shaft with clenched handswherein the shaft is gripped and turned, Whereafter the hands return toa neutral position preliminary to a further gripping step. If the handswork in anti-phase the shaft is kept rotating. This is what happenswhere a plurality of straps is employed.
Assuming now that the shaft 11 is about to be started up. Stop is set togive the desired oscillation of the follower I4; i.e. by fixing the stopat the correct angular relationship relative to the stop 24. On startingin the direction of arrow 29 the immediate reaction is to draw theflyweight system inwardly because of the movement of arm 16. Speedbuilds up and centrifugal force commences to act on the flyweight systemcausing it to move radially outward. This outward movement is finallychecked since the effect of the movement is to rotate the arms 16 and 17in anti-phase until the stops 24 and 25 abut. Up to this stage the throwof the follower has gradually increased and when the stops engage nofurther increase of the throw is possible since it is not possible forthe stop 24 to over-ride the stop 25.
The unison of action of the two sets of eccentrics is maintained throughthe flywheel bar 22 which operatively couples the systems together.
The driven shaft 23 is now kept in motion and should any overload occurthe device tends of its own accord to reduce the eccentricity untilultimately a stage can be reached when the follower has no oscillatorymovement at all. The manner in which this occurs is as follows:
The effect of an overload is to turn the follower 14 into a brake padwhich endeavours to check the movement of the underlying eccentric 13.Arm 17 nowhas a dragging effect on the flyweight system tending toovercome the effects of centrifugal force and the extent of the dragwilldepend upon the braid ng load imposed on the eccentric I3 by thefollower. If the load is great enough the stage will be reached in whichthe drag effect will completely overcome the effects of centrifugalforce and the arms 16 and 17 will be moved into a position in which thecentral axis ofthe eccentric l3 and the corresponding axis of the shaftlll are co-incident. At this point the follower 14 is stationary.
Clearly the bore in the second eccentric 13 which accommodates the firsteccentric 12 must be eccentrically disposed relative to the central axisof the second eccentric for otherwise no adjustment of the eccentricityof the two relevant axes becomes possible. The greater the eccentricityof the bore the greater the variation of follower throw which becomespossible.
In the preferred forms of the invention the device is accommodated in acasing which constitutes an oil bath as will appear from the discussionhereunder of the second embodiment illustrated in the remaining figures.
FIGURE 2 is a perspective which illustrates the appearance of a speedreducer according to the invention with its casing 31 having its top 32removed. Top 32 enables repairs to be effected on the working parts ofthe device although some repairs are possible through inspection port33. Port 33 is closed by a transparent viewing panel 34. In FIGURE 3, asectional side elevation is illustrated which shows a strap 35articulated at 36 and suitably held at 37, the strap embracing theoutput shaft 38 and strap boss arrangement The operation of the strap issubstantially as described in the previous example. With the rise of thefollower the strap grips the shaft through the boss arrangement 39 andturns the shaft 38 a predetermined amount, and on the fall of thefollower the grip on the boss is released and the strap returns to aneutral position. By using two straps operating in anti-phase the shaftis kept rotating. Clearly a greater number of straps may be employed ifdesired. FIGURE 4 is a sectional end view on the line IV--IV of FIGURE 3from which it will be seen that the shaft 38 is supported in ballbearings 40 in the casing 31.
Adjustment of the strap in relation to shaft 38 is accomplished by thearrangement shown at 41 which illustrates diagrammatically an adjustingmeans. Hinge arrangements may be used if desired. Spring means 42 servesto bias the strap to a neutral position.
FIGURE 3 also shows aspects of the drive section of the device.Reference 43 indicates the drive shaft, 44 the first eccentric fast withthe shaft, 45 the second eccentric mounted on the first eccentric asdescribed with reference to the first example and the follower is shownby reference 46. In this example the follower is of a differentcharacter from the forked arrangement described previously. Here thefollower is a member which is bored out to accommodate a ball or rollerrace 47 which in turn is mounted over the second eccentric 45. Thefollower is linked to the strap 35 pivotally at point 48. As in theprevious example two straps are employed which work in antiphase.
Reference 50 refers to a fiyweight system which is illustrated ingreater detail in FIGURE 5 and which is used in the control of the throwof the followers. In FIGURE 5, the drive shaft 43 is shown located inroller bearings 51 in the side walls of the casing 31 and the shaft isseen to have first eccentric 44 and concentric boss 53 fast therewith.On each eccentric 44 there is mounted the second eccentric 45 which inturn has the follower 46 mounted on it. Pivot point 48 for the strap andfollower oscillates in the direction of arrows 54. A roller bearing 52is used at the pivot point.
In the second form of the invention the second eccentric 45 isassociated with an arm 55 which is the equivalent of arm 17 shown in theexample of FIGURE 1, while the arm 16 of FIGURE 1 finds its equivalentin the concentric boss 53. In the arrangement of FIG- URE 1 eacheccentric set had a flyweight system of its own with both systems linkedtogether through the flywheel bar 22; in the arrangement underconsideration the eccentric sets share a common flyweight arrangement5%.
The flyweight arrangement 50 includes spaced side plates 56 which aremounted on the boss 53 and which are held in spaced relationship by theperipheral ridges 57 on the boss 53. Each side plate will be seen toprovide a hub section 58 and each hub section accommodates half of aflywheel 59, the two halves being keyed together by screw means 60 andscrew 61 acting to lock the flywheel to the side plates. The flywheel 59is formed with spaced radial legs 62 (see particularly FIGURE 6) betweenwhich are defined spaces 63 for accommodating planet weights 64, and afurther space 65 exists between the leg sections provided by each halfof the flywheel for the location of chain 66. The flywheel is fast withthe boss 53 and is locked to the arms 55 of the eccentric elements 45 bythe engagement of pivot shoes 67 on the arms sliding in slot arrangement68 in the side plates 56.
Chain 66, as mentioned in the previous paragraph, is located in thespaces 65 defined between mating sections of the flywheel legs 62 and isalso accommodated in similar spaces 69 defined between the limbs 49 ofweights 64 which in section are of substantially U-shaped character aswill be seen in FIGURE 5. In passing through the spaces '65 the chain isthreaded under pins 70 in the flywheel legs and in the spaces 69 in theweights it is threaded over similar pins 71. Pins 71 have their endsprojecting beyond the sides of the weights to be accommodated inradially disposed grooves 72 found in the inside faces of the sideplates 56. Each weight has an additional pin arrangement 73 which isalso accommodated in the groove or guide track 72 for stabilisingpurposes.
The chain is linked at one end to the boss 53 in the space between theridges 57 and, as FIGURE 6 will show, the series of holes 74 in theridges 57 enable the chain to be secured on the boss in any one ofseveral positions. It will be seen that a central upstanding ridge 75 isprovided in the space between ridges 57 and the purpose of this ridge isto provide a bearing surface for the chain which in this example is ofthe bi-cycle type. From the boss the chain is lead over the first pin 76fast with the flywheel, then over the first weight pin 71, then underthe first flywheel leg pin 70 and so on until the other end of the chainis reached. The free end of the chain is then anchored to the adjacentflywheel leg pin 76. By this means it may be said that one end of thechain is securely anchored to the first eccentrics 44, albeit throughthe boss 53 which will be seen to be fast with the eccentrics 44, and tothe second cam elements 45 through the flywheel legs which are fast withthe side walls 56 and which are in turn coupled to the eccentrics 45through arm 55 and shoes 67. The position is thus basically identical tothat described in the first example in as much as each of the eccentricsis coupled into a flyweight system which on rotation acts to move theelements relatively to one another to increase the eccentricity of thelongitudinal axis of the second eccentric relative to the central axisof the shaft 43.
To ensure that on outward movement of the weights 64 they all move inunison to maintain balance in the flyweight system, special washermembers 77 are located between the flywheel and the side plates, thewashers being free to rotate on the boss sections 78 of the flywheelquite independently of the flywheel. As will be seen in FIG- URE 7, thewashers are provided with slanted guide channels 75 through which passthe ends of pins 71. As the weights move outwardly the pins tend to turnthe washers so that they may ride in the grooves or guide tracks 72 inthe side plates. Thus all the weights are main tained at the same radialspacing from the boss 53.
As in the previous example, the eccentricity of the central longitudinalaxis of the second eccentric 45 relative to the long axis of the shaftis controlled by the setting of stops 80 and 81 on the eccentric 45 andshaft respectively. Before proceeding to describe the stop controlmechanism in detail it is proposed to describe the operation of thespeed reducer, for up to this stage the major description is over, thereremaining simply details of the modes of controlling the eccentricity.
By fixing the relative positions the two stops 80 and 81 would assumewhen the shaft 43 is stationary so more or less of the chain 66 is woundon to the boss 53. The smaller the amount of chain held wound on theshaft the greater the ultimate outward movement of the flyweights andhence the greater the eccentricity. This will be apparent from aconsideration of FIGURES 5 and 6. If stop 81 is turned clockwise acertain amount of slack occurs in the chain which is subsequently takenup as the weights move out. Likewise, if the stop is turnedanti-clockwise more chain is wound on to the boss 53 and the orbitalradius of the weights is reduced.
' On rotation the weights move out according to the available slack inthe chain and the outward movement of the weights acts to turn theeccentrics relatively to one another until the stops 8t) and 81 engage.This engagement prevents stop 36 overriding stop 81 and fixes the throwof the follower.
On the occurrence of overloads the action of follower 46 is to exert abraking force on the eccentric 45 and this force tends to retard arm 55.In the event the stops 80 and 81 part with the shaft acting now to windin some of the chain thereby reducing the orbital radius of the weights,and simultaneously reducing the eccentricity of the eccentric axisrelative to the axis of the shaft. If the load is of a drastic characterthe eccentricity may be reduced until it is eliminated altogether atwhich stage the follower has no throw.
As mentioned several times in the previous portion of the description,the throw of the follower determines the speed of rotation of the outputshaft and control of the output speed is obtained by adjusting theeccentricity of the axis of the second eccentric 45 relative to the axisof the shaft 43. Two types of control mechanism are illustrated inconnection with the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGURES 2 to10, one enabling speed changes at the output shaft to be effected duringrotation of the drive shaft 43, and the other which merely enablesadjustments to be made with shaft 43 stationary.
Dealing firstly with the control mechanism which permits adjustmentsduring rotation of the shaft 43. The control mechanism is bestillustrated in FIGURES 5 and 8. The drive shaft 43 is mounted in rollerbearings 51 between which and the shaft are bored bosses 32 and 83. Boss82 is keyed to shaft 43 by key 84 and provides a stop '85 adapted toengage stop as on eccentric 45 of the left hand cam set. The stops 35and $6 correspond to the stops 81 and Stl except that they are 180degrees apart when abutment takes place. Stop 81 is fast with boss 83and this boss is not directly keyed to shaft 43.
The shaft 43 projects through the casing 31 on the right hand side ofFIGURE 5 and the projecting portion 37 has a helical thread 83 cut intoit. On the thread there is mounted a threaded spider 89 having arms 99which project through axial slots 91 in a cage arrangement 92 fast withthe boss 33. The cage is inturn located in a housing 93 which isinternally threaded at 94 and which is rotatably anchored between plates95 and 96 by the engagement of flange 97 in a complemental space definedbetween the two plates. right hand side is constrained against axialmovement by means of flange 93 on plate 96 and flange 99 on boss 83. Inthe space between the housing and the cage there is a nut 1% which maybe moved axially on rotation of the housing. The nut is releasablysecured to a ring 1M so as to define a U-shaped space H32 in which islocated the extremities of the spider arms id and a ball race 1%. Theprovision of race M53 permits the spider to rotate while the nut movesaxially on rotation of housing 93. To adjust the eccentricity of thecentral axis of the eccentrics 45 relative to the axis of the driveshaft 43, the nut 1% must be moved to the desired position on the cage.
92. This is achieved by turning housing 93. As the nut is moved axiallyso the spider is pulled axially along with it and as the spider isthreaded on the helical section 88 the spider is forced to turn on theshaft thereby rotating the cage 92, and moving the stops apart when theeccentricity is to be increased. If the eccentricity is to be decreasedthe stop Sl forces the stop 80 to retard eccentric 55 thereby to bringabout slack in the chain 66 which is wound on to the boss 53 to reducethe orbital radius of the flyweight weights. A reduced throw of thefollower is thus accomplished with consequent reduction in the speed ofrotation of the output shaft 38. The adjustments effected by the controlsystem referred to above may be achieved while the shaft 43 is keptrotating. The purpose of the stops $5 and 36 is to prevent an overrun,whereby when overloads occur the decrease of eccentricity to zero isaccompanied by the danger of the eccentricity increasing in the reversedirection. In other words, when zero eccentricity is reachedcorresponding to maximum overload conditions the stops 85 and 86 engage.When the overload is removed stops iii) and 81 are urged towards oneanother again and stops 85 and 86 part an equivalent amount. Thus it maybe said that while the members of one set of stops are being urgedRoller bearing 51 on theoperatively towards one another the members ofthe other set are opening up. In the normal operating condition, stops30 and 31 are urged together and in the neutral or inoperative, ormaximum overload, conditions stops and 86 abut. Reference ltldindicatesa sealing ring to prevent the escape of oil from the casing.
in FIGURE 10 an alternative control mechanism is shown, a mechanismwhich does not permit adjustments of the follower throw to be effectedwhile the shaft 43 is rotating. In this case stop 33 and its associatedboss 83 are fast with an adjusting disc which may be locked to acorresponding disc res fast with the shaft 43 through screw means 107 toadjust the spaced relationship of the stops 80 and 81 when the shaft isstationary.
Many more examples of the invention exist each differing from the otherin matters of detail but in no way departing from the principles set outin the oppended claims. The essence of the invention is the arrangementby means of which the throw of the follower may be adjusted so thatdevices employing the equipment have a control over the end function. inboth embodiments the motion changing mechanism has been used for speedreducing purposes and in these cases speed control depends upon theduration that the straps grip the shaft during each cycle of the strapfollower. Clearly the frequency of oscillation of the followers remainsthe same for the same speed of rotation of the drive shaft withoutregard to the follower throw. The effect of the throw is merely to alterthe period in each cycle in which the strap is doing effective work inturning the output shaft. With small throws the effective working periodin each cycle is small so that the linear movement of the output shaftis correspondingly small. At the other extreme of the permissible rangeof throws, i.e. with large follower oscillations the movement is muchgreater. In other words for a constant frequency of oscillation but withdiffering.
follower throw the speed of rotation of the output may be varied.
I claim: I
1. Apparatus for the conversion of rotary motion into reciprocatingmotion, said apparatus comprising a drive shaft, :1 first cylindricaleccentric mounted on and fixed to the shaft, a second cylindricaleccentric mounted snug- 13/ on the first eccentric, the first and secondeccentrics being rotatable relative to one another to vary theeccentricity of the second eccentric relative to the axis of rotation ofthe shaft, follower means adapted for undergoing oscillation uponeccentric rotation of the second eccentric, a flyweight system adaptedto orbit the shaft under the influence of centrifugal force, saidflyweight system including a linkage system coupled to at least one ofsaid eccentrics, the linkage system including elements respectivelysecured for rotation to at least said one eccentric, which elements arerelatively movable upon radially outward movement of the flyweightsystem to increase the eccentricity of the second eccentric with respectto the shaft, the reaction of said follower means on said secondeccentric tending to move said second eccentric into concentric relationwith said shaft.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the elements of thelinkage systems are arms respectively secured for rotation with thefirst and second eccentrics, the arms being coupled to the flyweightsystem through a flexible link slidably engaging at least one weightsuch that relative movement of the eccentrics acting to vary theeffective length of the link alters the orbital radius of the weightabout the axis of the shaft.
3. The apparatus a claimed in claim 2 comprising a plurality of weightsincluding the first said weight symmetrically disposed about the shaft,all of the weights being engaged by the flexible link.
4. Apparatus for the conversion of rotary motion into reciprocatingmotion, said apparatus comprising a drive shaft, a first cylindricaleccentric mounted on and fixed to the shaft, a sceond cylindricaleccentric snugly mounted on the first eccentric, the two eccentricsbeing rotatable relatively to one another to vary the eccentricity ofthe second eccentric relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft,follower means for the second eccentric adapted for undergoingoscillation upon eccentric rotation of the second eccentric, a fiyweightsystem adapted to orbit the shaft under the influence of centrifugalforce, said flyweight system including a linkage system coupled to botheccentrics, the linkage system including an element rigid with at leastone eccentric, which elements are relatively movable upon radiallyoutward movement of the iiyweight system to increase the eccentricity ofthe second eccentric with respect to the shaft, the reaction of saidfollower means on said second eccentric tending to move said secondeccentric into concentric relation with said shaft, said control meansfor varying the orbital radius of the flyweight system in order tocontrol the throw of the follower means, the control means including astop rigid with the shaft and a mating stop rigid with the secondeccentric such that upon engagement of the stops the shaft and secondeccentric are locked against relative movement and hold the fiyweightsystem to rotation in a predetermined orbit, and regulator means foradjusting the angular setting of the stops when the shaft is stationary.
lit
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4 in which the regulator meansincludes a boss arrangement with which the stop on the shaft is rigidand means for detachably securing the boss in any desired position onthe shaft.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 in which the regulator meansincludes a helically threaded portion on the shaft, a sleeve coveringthe threaded portion on the shaft and rigid with the boss and having atleast one axial slot, and a traveller nut on the shaft with a projectionengaging in the slot such that movement of the nut along the shaftcauses the sleeve to turn and thereby alter the angular relationship ofthe stops.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 comprising a rotatable housingenclosing the sleeve and adapted upon rotation to move the nut.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 687,566 11/01Johnson 74-l17 2,006,779 7/35 Terrell 74571 2,592,237 4/52 Bradley.
BROUGHTON G. DURHAM, Primary Examiner.
1. APPARATUS FOR THE CONVERSION OF ROARY MOTION INTO RECIPROCATINGMOTION, SAID APPARATUS COMPRISING A DRIVE SHAFT, A FIRST CYLINDRICALECCENTRIC MOUNTED ON AND FIXED TO THE SHAFT, A SECOND CYLINDRICALECCENTRIC MOUNTED SNUGLY ON THE FIRST ECCENTRIC, THE FIRST AND SECONDECCENTRICS BEING ROTATABLE RELATIVE TO ONE ANOTHER TO VARY THEECCENTRICITY OF THE SECOND ECCENTRIC RELATIVE TO THE AXIS OF ROTATION OFTHE SHAFT, FOLLOWER MEANS ADAPTED FOR UNDERGOING OSCILLATION UPONECCENTRIC ROTATION OF THE SECOND ECCENTRIC, A FLYWEIGHT SYSTEM ADAPTEDTO ORBIT THE SHAFT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE, SAIDFLYWEIGHT SYSTEM INCLUDING A LINKAGE SYSTEM COUPLED TO AT LEAST ONE OFSAID ECCENTRICS, THE LINKAGE SYSTEM INCLUDING ELEMENTS RESPECTIVELYSECURED FOR ROTATION TO AT LEAST SAID ONE ECCENTRIC, WHICH ELEMENTS ARERELATIVELY MOVABLE UPON RADIALLY OUTWARD MOVEMENT OF THE FLYWEIGHTSYSTEM TO INCREASE THE ECCENTRICITY OF THE SECOND ECCENTRIC WITH RESPECTTO THE SHAFT, THE REACTION OF SAID FOLLOWER MEANS ON SAID SECONDECDENTRIC TENDING TO MOVE SAID SECOND ECCENTRIC INTO CONCENTRIC RELATIONWITH SAID SHAFT.
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2024-03-22
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1962-03-12
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1965-08-10"
}
|
US-1901081305-A
|
Cotton-baling machine.
No. 696,743. Patented A r. 9021.
E. MUTZ. COTTON BALING MACHINE. (Application filed Nov. 6, 1901'.
2 Sheets-$heat 1.
l/vnz/v TOR WITNESSES.-
No. 696,743. Patented Apr. I, I902. E. MOTZ. COTTON BALING MACHINE.
Application filed Nov. 6, 1901.
2 Sheets-Sheet 2.
(No Model.)
- 'llllllll W/"IWESSES:
INVENTOR y Af/o my;
Mrs Starts it'rnw'r rrrcn.
EMANUEL MOTZ, OF JEFFERSON, SOUTH CAROLINA.
COTTON BALlNG MACHINE.
QPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Fatent N0. 696,743, dated April.1, 1902. Application filed November 6, 1901. Serial No. 81,305. (Nomodel.)
To (tZZ whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, EMANUEL MOTZ, a citizen of the United States,residing at Jefferson, in the county of Chesterfield, State of SouthCarolina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCotton-Baling Machines, of which the following is a description,reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters andfigures of reference marked thereon.
My invention relates to cotton-baling machines adapted to form a compacthighly-compressed bale of the general type known as the round bale; andit is the object of myinvention to produce a machine capable of-beingoperated by comparatively small power, such as is commonly used onplantations and simple and inexpensive in construction, adapted to takethe cotton-bat asit comes from the condenser of the gin and to formdirectly from it a bale occupying the least possible space and ready tobe put directly upon the market, thus avoiding the necessity oftransportation of the ginned cotton in bulk from the gin to thecompress.
My invention consists in the machine hereinafter described, by which thecotton-bat as it comes from the condenser is twisted to form a firmcompressed strand, and this twisted strand is wound under tension upon ashaft into the form of a round bale, which is intended to be tied beforeits removal from the machine.
In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation of the machine.Fig. 2 is a plan of the machine. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional viewof the complete machine. Fig. 4t is a cross-sectional View on line 4 4of Fig. 3 looking to the rear. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view on line5 5 of Fig. 3 looking toward the front end of the machine, and Fig. 6 isa perspective View of the bale.
In the drawings, A A are a pair of loose rollers, each having centrallyof its length a groove a. One of these rollers, preferably the lowerroller, as shown, is movable relative to the other, the two beingpressed together by a spring a or other equivalent means. These rollersare mounted in a supa pulley E, by which power is applied.
port B, which is fixed relative to the other parts of the machine.
B is a twisting and reeling frame, which for the purposesof thisapplication I term a flier-frame. This frame is journaled at O O infixed supports D and D. The journal O is made hollow and is in line withthe grooves a of the rollers A A. The journal 0 is extended through thebearing and carries If preferred, the pulley may be carried by thejournal 0, in which case this journal will be made sufficiently long tocarry the pulley.
Journaled in the flier-frame is a reel F, which is arranged to be drivenas the flierframe is rotated on its journals 0 O by mechanism which willbe hereinafter described. One side B of the flier-frame is preferablyhinged at B and the reel is preferably made in two parts, one part F,comprising the head fand a portion f of the shaft, being journaled inthe main portion of the flier-frame, and the other part F comprising thehead f and the portion f of the shaft, being journaled in the hingedside B of the flier-frame. The shaft portions f and f are preferablyprovided with interlocking teeth f f, and the parts of the reel aresecured together by a screw G, which passes through the shaft portions fand f and screws into a nut in the main part of the flier-frame, thisscrew serving also when in place to hold the hinged side B of theflier-frame in closed position.
On the shaft portion f is arranged a toothed wheel H, and the mainportion of the flier-frame carries a spring-pressed lover I, pivoted atone end I and having its other end so bent as to engage a fixed cam K.The
lever I carries a spring-pawl t', arranged to engage the teeth of thewheel H, so as to rotate it and with it the reel F when the lever ismoved in one direction. A holdback-pawl t" is pivoted to the mainportion of the fiier= frame, so as to engage the teeth of the wheel H toprevent it from backward movement.
The cam K is preferably slotted to fit over the journal 0 and isvertically adjustable by means of a screw L.
The end of the lover I is preferably provided with a roller 1 to contactwith the cam K.
As the flier-frame is rotated on its journals 0 O, the end of the loverI will be thrown away from the line of the axis of the flier and bymeans of its pawl 2' causes the wheel H, and with it the reel F, torotate.
If preferred, the head f of the reel may be provided with teeth and theseparate wheel H dispensed with.
Between the journal 0 of the flier-frame and the reel is placed atension and guiding device M. This device, as shown, consists of a platehaving a pivot 'm,f1tting a hole a in a cross-bar N, pivotally supportedin the sides of the flier-frame and also provided with a series of holesto receive tension-pinsp. The plate is provided at its end with a guideQ, which may conveniently be formed by bending up portions of the metalof the plate to form a circular orifice. The tension and guiding deviceis thus adapted to turn on both a horizontal and vertical pivot.
In front of the rollers A A, I preferably arrange a funnel R to receivethe cotton-bat as it comes from the gin and guide it to the rollers. Thegroove in the rollers insures the twist being formed at the middle ofthe bat.
In starting the machineinto operation a portion of the bat is drawnthrough between the rollers A A and twisted by hand. The twist is passedthrough the hollow journal 0 and between the tension-pins on the plate Mand through the guide-orifice of the plate, and finally secured to theshaft of the reel. The machine is then started, and as the flierframerotates the bat is twisted between the rollers and the tension deviceand wound on the reel, the winding of the twist serving to draw the batthrough the rollers. The plate M by reason of its vertical andhorizontal pivotal movement distributes the twisted cotton evenly on thereel.
Before starting the machine the bale-covering material should be placedin position on the reel. All that is necessary for this purpose will betwo pieces of burlap or other material of circular or rectangular shapewith a hole cut in the center of each, so that it can he slipped overthe shaft of one of the shaft portions of the parts of the reel, thepieces being held during the operation of the machine by hooks f nearthe outer edges of the reel-heads.
The reel-heads are preferably each provided with radial slots fpreferably six in number, and the shaft portions with correspond inggrooves to receive the bale-ties, which are preferably of wire. As soonas sufficient of thetwisted cotton is wound on the reel to make a baleof the desired size the machine is stopped, the covering materialunhooked and brought over, and the bale-ties are then brought over andunited.
The degree of twist is regulated by the relative speed of rotation ofthe reel by shifting the position of the cam K, and the compact ness ofthe bale will depend upon the degree of twist and upon the tension underwhich the twisted strand is wound on the reel, it being essentialonlythat the strand be twisted sufficiently hard to permit of the action onit of the tension device without injury.
The bale formed on my machine possesses all the advantages over theordinary compressed bale which are possessed by the round bale now onthe market as regards compactness and as regards the readiness withwhich it may be opened at the mill, and by reason of the simple andinexpensive construction of the machine and the small power required tooperate it my invention enables the cotton planter at small expense andwithout the necessity for increasing the power usually employed on aplantation to make a bale having all the merit of the compressed balenow made only by machinery, both expensive in itself and requiring highpower to operate it.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-- 1. In an apparatus for baling cotton, thecombination of a flier-frame having a hollow journal, and having one ofits sides hinged, a separable reel having one of its parts journaled inthe main part of the flier-frame and its other part journaled inv thehinged side, and means for holding the parts of the reel together, and atension device within the flierframe; substantially as described.
- 2. In an apparatus for baling cotton, the combination of aflier-frame, a reel j ournaled in the fiier-frame,and provided with atoothed Wheel, a lever pivoted on the flier-frame and carrying a pawlarranged to engage the toothed wheel and adjustable means for causingthe movement of the lever on its pivot as the flier-frame rotates;substantially as described.
3. In an apparatus for baling cotton, the combination of a flier-frame,having one of its sides hinged, a reel comprising two parts,each
consisting of a reel-head and a portion of the shaft, one of said partsbeing journaled in the main portion of the flier-frame, and the other journaled in the hinged side, and means for securing the parts of thereel together; substantially as described.
4:.[In an apparatus for baling cotton, the combination of a flier-framehaving one of its sides hinged, a reel comprising two parts,eachconsisting of a reel-head and aportion of the shaft, one of said partsbeing journaled in the main portion of the flier-frame and provided withmeans for rotating it, and the other j ournaled in the hinged side, andmeans for securing the parts of the reel together; substantially asdescribed.
5. In an apparatus for baling cotton, the combination of a flier-frame,having one of its ICC IIC
sides hinged, a reel comprisingtwo parts,each
consisting of a reel-head and a portion of the shaft, one of said partsbeing journaled in the main portion of the flier-frame and provided withmeans for rotating it, comprising a toothed Wheel, a lever carrying apawl and pivoted on the main portion of the flier-frame, and adj ustabiemeans for moving the lever, and the other journaled in the hinged side,
and means for securing the parts of the reel 10 together; substantiallyas described.
In testimony whereof I affiX my signature in presence of two Witnesses.
EMANUEL MOTZ" Witnesses:
FRANK D. BLAOKISTONE, A. P. GREELEY.
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2024-03-22
|
1901-11-06
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1902-04-01"
}
|
US-76951758-A
|
Plastic nozzle plate for missile motors
Aug. 14, 1962 s. H. HERZOG PLASTIC NOZZLE PLATE FOR MISSILE MOTORS FiledOct. 24, 1958 INVENTOR. STEPHEN H. HERZOG ilnited rates Patent U3,048,970 PLASTIC NOZZLE PLATE FOR MISSILE MOTORS Stephen H. Herzog,China Lake, Califi, assignor to the United States of America asrepresented by the Secretary of the Navy Filed Oct. 24, 1958, Ser. No.769,517 3 Claims. (Cl. 6035.6) (Granted under Title 35, US. Code (1952),see. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used byor for the Government of the United States of America for governmentalpurposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
This invention relates to rocket motors; more specifically, it relatesto improvements in discharge nozzles.
Steel discharge nozzles for rockets have been used successfully in thepast. The use of higher energy propellants, however, brought about theuse of erosion-resistant inserts in the constricted part of the nozzlewhere the erosion is greatest. Some of the present propellants are soenergetic that the steel around the insert erodes away during operationof the motor, allowing the insert to be expelled from its seat.
Further, the steel nozzles used in the past have been fairly heavy ofnecessity, due to the rather substantial construction required.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a nozzle havingan erosive-resistant insert which will not be expelled during operationof the motor.
A further object is to provide a nozzle which is considerably lighterthan existing steel ones, while having a nozzle insert which will not beexpelled during operation of the motor.
With these and other objects in view, as will hereinafter more fullyappear, and which will be more particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims, reference is now made to the following description taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the nozzle plate assembly;
FIG. 2 shows an elevational crom-sectional view taken along line 2-2. ofFIG. 1, and
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional plan view taken along line 33 of FIG. 2.
Referring now to the figures, wherein like reference charactersdesignate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views,there is shown a nozzle plate 11 having a plurality of exit ports asshown, each port having a beveled surface 12. The plate 11 has a raisedcenter portion 13 on the side opposite to the side shown in FIG. 1 whichis provided with a threaded hole extending through the raised portionand plate; plate 11 is further provided with a circumferential skirtportion 14 made integral therewith. A disk 15 is positioned inside theskirt portion in contact therewith and is provided with a plurality ofexit ports corresponding to and in alignment with the ports in plate 11,the ports of disk 15 having beveled surfaces 16 so as to form a smoothcontinuous surface with the beveled surfaces 12 of plate 11. Disk 15 isprovided with a well, as shown, to receive the raised portion 13 ofplate 11 and to remain in contact therewith. A threaded hole extendsfrom the bottom of said Well to the other side of disk 15.
Tubular inserts 17 are provided in the ports of disk 15, said insertshaving beveled surfaces 18 which form a smooth continuous surface withthe beveled surfaces 12 and 16 of plate 11 and disk 15, respectively.Inserts 17 are also provided with inner beveled surfaces at the endopposite to the end having beveled surfaces 18. The parts of disk 15 arefurther provided with beveled surfaces 19 3,943,973 Patented Aug. 14,1962 at the end opposite to the end having beveled surfaces 16.
Rupture diaphragms 21 are provided in the hollow inserts to seal theopenings until the motor is ignited, whereupon they are ruptured.
Plate 11, its skirt portion 14, and raised center portion 13 areconventional and made of steel.
The inserts 17 are highly resistant to erosion and are made of graphite,a refractory metal, or certain metal oxides, all well known for theirresistance to erosion.
The disk 15 is made of a thermosetting resin, preferably aphenolformaldehyde resin which incorporates up to 70% of a filler. Thefiller is preferably chopped glass or asbestos though other materialscould be used. The preferred resin is one having a low degree ofpolymerization. The filler may be glass, asbestos fibers or metalparticles and filaments, though asbestos or glass fibers are preferred.
In practice, the steel plate 11 is first machined; the plastic portionis made separately and press fitted into position.
The plastic disk 15 is made by positioning the erosionresistant insertsin a suitable mold, pouring in the resin to which the filler has beenadded and blended, and heat treating the mold to cure the resin. Therupture diaphragm is thus molded in place in this operation.Alternatively, the steel plate 11 and integral skirt 14 may be used aspart of the mold and the disk 15, the inserts 17 and blowout diaphragms21 molded in place.
In assembling a rocket motor incorporating the nozzle assembly of thisinvention, the combustion chamber is first loaded with propellant andignition means, and the nozzle plate assembly is screwed into positionat the end of the combustion chamber.
A number of the instant nozzle plate assemblies have been tested underthe same conditions that caused conventional steel nozzle plates toexpel their erosion-resistant inserts and no such expulsion wasobserved.
What is claimed is:
1. An erosion resistant nozzle plate assembly comprising a metal platehaving an annular skirt portion on one side thereof and at least onedischarge port therein, the walls of each discharge port increasinggradually in diameter from the side of said plate having the annularskirt portion to the opposite side of said plate, a disk ofheatresistant plastic material having a diameter equal to the innerdiameter of said plate skirt portion fitting within said skirt portionand in contact with said plate, said disk having a number of dischargeports therein equal to said at least one port in said plate and inalignment therewith, the walls of each discharge port in said diskincreasing gradually in diameter from a smallest diameter at a pointintermediate the two faces of said disk to the outer face thereof, thelargest diameter of each discharge port in said disk at the face thereofwhich contacts said plate being equal in diameter to the smallestdiameter of said at least one discharge port in said plate, a tubularnozzle insert of erosion-resistant material imbedded in said disk portWalls at said intermediate point being completely separated from saidplate by the material of said disk and having walls coinciding with saiddisk port walls, whereby a converging-diverging nozzle having smoothsurfaces is formed by the beveled surfaces of the aforementioned partsand a heat barrier is formed between the nozzle surfaces and said metalskirt.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the disk portion is made of aphenol-formaldehyde resin incorporating from about zero to about 70% ofa filler selected from the class consisting of asbestos and glass andsaid insert is made of graphite.
zap same 3. A nozzle plate assembly for rocket motors comprising a steelplate having a circumferential steel skirt and a plurality of exit portstherein each of which has a beveled surface, a heat-resistant rosin diskpositioned within said skirt, said disk having a plurality of exitopenings in alignment with the exit ports of the steel plate and eachopening being provided with a beveled surface, and a tubularerosion-resistant insert embedded Within the Walls of each of the exitopenings of said disk, each insert being insulated from said steel plateby the resin of said disk and having a beveled surface, and the beveledsurface of each exit opening of said disk merging with the beveledsurfaces of its associated insert and exit port to provide a smoothcontinuous surface.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,755,620 Gillot July 24, 1956 2,835,107 Ward May 20, 1958 2,849,860Lowe Sept. 2, 1958 2,939,275 Loedding June 7, 1960 2,958,184 SandersNov. 1, 1960 2,968,919 Hughes et a1 Jan. 24, 1961 2,987,874 NicholsonJune 13, 196 1 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,135,050 France Apr. 23, 1957 757,890Great Britain Sept. 26, 1956 l
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2024-03-22
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1958-10-24
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1962-08-14"
}
|
US-57639066-A
|
Container arrangement with coolant therein
March 19, 1968 J. R. STRADER 3,373,581
CONTAINER ARRANGEMNT WITH COOLANT THEREIN Filed Aug. 31, 196e 2sheets-sheet 1 March 19, 1968 J. R. sTRADER CONTAINER ARRANGEMENT WITHCOOLANT THEREIN Filed Aug. 3l, 1966 2 Sheets-Sheet James R. .SfraderINVENTOR.
BY Auomys and 3,373,581 Patented Mar. 19, 1968 3,373,581 CONTAINERARRANGEMENT WITH COGLAN'I THEREIN James R. Strader, Fort Wayne, Ind.,assignor, by lnesne assignments, to John Robert Wray, Jr. Filed Ang. 31,1966, Ser. No. 576,390 9 Claims. (Cl. 62-294) ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSUREA container assembly having a chamber for a consumable beverage and achamber for a coolant which changes state in response to pressure changefor cooling the consumable product. The chambers may be concentricallyarranged to form a combined structure or in the form of a separatecontainer for the consumable product.
The present invention generally appertains to improvements in therefrigeration or cooling of liquids, such as consumable beverages, andmore particularly relates to novel improvements in a containerarrangement having a coolant incorporated therein capable of cooling thecontents without exposure to external low temperature conditions.
An important object of the present invention is to provide a portableself-cooling container or portable means, in the nature of a receptacle,for cooling containers for consumable liquids whereby the liquids in thecontainers can be maintained, for convenient transportation purposes, inan uncooled state and then, at the instant when it is desired to consumethe liquid in a cold state, the means is easily and effectively renderedoperative for immediate cooling of the liquid.
An important feature of the present invention is to provide a tubularcontainer body having concentrically arranged inner and outer separatedand individual aumllar chambers with one of the chambers containing aliquid to be consumed and the other chamber containing a chemicalgaseous mixture which solidifies, almost instantaneously, upon exposureto the atmosphere so as to form a solid cooling block in coolingrelation with the other chamber for instantaneously cooling theconsumable liquid or beverage in the other chamber.
Another important feature of the present invention is to provide valvemeans, in structural and functional association with the chamber whichcontains a chemical gaseous substance, such as carbon dioxide, wherebythe chamber can be filled with carbon dioxide and the carbon dioxide canbe retained in the chamber in a liquid state until the valve means isactuated, so as to expose the chamber to the atmosphere whereupon thecarbon dioxide instantly is converted into a solid block of Dry Ice forcooling the liquid contents in the other chamber.
In line with the foregoing feature, another important feature of thepresent invention is to provide spring-urged plunger means, in thechamber containing the chemical gaseous substance, such as carbondioxide, so that when the substance is transformed into a solid coolingblock, the spring-urged plunger means is active to move the solid blockinto the optimum cooling position, with respect to the liquid contaningchamber.
Another important object of the present invention is to provide aninexpensive, compact, practical and efficient cooling means for cans andsimilar containers, particularly of the type used in the packaging ofbeverages.
These together with other objects and advantages which will becomesubsequently apparent reside in the details of construction andoperation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, whereinlike numerals refer to like parts throughout, and in which:
FIGIURE 1 is a perspective view of a self-cooling container, constructedin accordance with the present invention;
FIGURE 2 is a transverse, vertical sectional View, taken substantiallyon line 2 2 of FIGURE 1 and showing the valve means in a closedposition, with the chemical gaseous substance in liquid state;
FIGURE 3 is a sectional View, similar to FIGURE 2, but showing the valvemeans in an open position and the chemical substance transformed, byvirtue of the opening of the valve means, into a solid block;
FIGURE 4 is a detailed, vertical sectional view, taken substantially online 4 4 of FIGURE 2 and showing more particularly the structuraldetails of the valve assembly;
FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of a modified form of the presentinvention;
FIGURE 6 is a vertical sectional view, taken substantia'lly on line 6 6of FIGURE 5, and,
FIGURE 7 is a transverse, cross-sectional view taken substantially online 7 7' of FIGURE 6.
Referring now more particularly to the drawings and initially to FIGURESl through 4, the container 10 is of tubular, cross-sectionalconstruction, structurally simulative to a conventional can forbeverages, such as soft drinks or beer. The container is composed ofconcentrically arranged inner and outer separated and individual annularchambers 12 and 14, respectively. The outer annular chamber 14 is formedby the side wall 16 of the container and by a tubular sleeve 18coaxially arranged within the side wall 16 and spaced radially inwardlytherefrom. The chamber 12 is defined by the interior of the tubularsleeve 18.
The container 10 is formed with a bottom wall 20, which serves as acommon bottom wall for the inner chamber 12 and the outer chamber 14.The bottom wall 20 is provided at its center with an annular recessedseat 22, that is formed interiorly of the bottom wall and is adapted tosealingly receive the lower end edge 24 of the sleeve 18.
The outer chamber 14 has an annular top wall 26 which is suitablyswagged or rolled at its circumferential edge on the upper edge of theside wall 16, in the same manner that the circumferential edge of thebottom wall 2i) is sealingly secured on the lower edge of the side wall16. The top wall 26 of the outer chamber 14 is formed with a centeropening 28 and the Ibounding edge 30 of the opening is swaged orsealingly rolled onto the upper end edge 32 of the tubular sleeve 18.The top wall 26 is substantially at, below the rim edge 34 and is formedwith a conventional pull tab type `closure 36, which seals otI adispensing opening 38 for dispensing the liquid contents 40 in the outerchamber 14, the contents being of a consumable nat-ure, such as liquidbeverages or the like.
The inner chamber 12 is adapted to contain a suitable chemical gaseoussubstance, which solidiiies upon venting of the top wall 42 for thechamber 12, the top wall 42 being disposed well below the top wall 26and the portion of the sleeve 18a above the top wall or partition 42forming a well 12a, which is below the top wall 26 for the outer chamber14. The chemical gaseous substance may be carbon dioxide which, when avalve means 44, that is operatively carried by the wall 42, is opened,so as to release the pressure and expose the carbon dioxide to theatmosphere, becomes solidified to form a solid block 46, as shown inFIGURE 3.
The valve means 44 includes a frustoconical tubular valve housing 48,that is formed with a laterally extendasvassi fing annular mounting angeSi) on its open upper major end, the tiange being suitably fixed to theunderside of the fwall 42, so that the housing 43 depends therefrom. Thelower minor end 50 of the housing is open and the same is closed off bya valve plug S2, which is carried by a valve actuating rod 54. The rod54 extends through a lbore 55 in the valve plug and is anchored thereinby virtue of an annular collar 5S. The actuating rod or stem 54sealingly and slidably extends through an opening 50 in the wall 42,.which closes off the upper end of the valve housing 11:8, and isattached at its upper end to a hollow member 62, which is of arcuateconiguration and is ci rectangular cross-section and deiines adispensing and valve actuating head assembly. The member e2 has a bottomwall 64 and a curved top wall 66, the walls being joined by tlat arcuateside walls 68. The top and bottom walls are spaced apart at theiradjoining ends to form a slot 79 and are spaced apart at their opposingends to form a slot 72.
As can be appreciated from a consideration of FIG- URES 2 and 3, the rodor stem 54 bears against the underfside of the bottom wall 64 at theouter end of its curved .portion 64a, with the end edge 66a ot the uppercurved Wall 66 being adapted to bear on the upper surface of the closurewall 42, whereby the valve plug is maintained in a closed position. Thewall ne is formed with a Vlingergripping, curved prolongation '74, whichis adapted to be gripped so as to move the dispensing and valveactuating head assembly from the closed position of FlGURE 2 to an openposition, as shown in FIGURE 3.
In this respect, the member 62 is pivotally mounted at its side walls 6hby pivots 7 t3, which are carried by spaced apart, opposing ears 7S, theears being arcuate and encompassing the side walls 68 and having lateralmounting anges 86, which are iixed to the inner surface of the sleeveportion 18a, as shown in FlGURE l.
When lthe linger-grip member 74 is gripped and the member 62 is swungabout the pivots '76 from the closed position of FIGURE 2 to the openposition ot FIGURE 3, it can be seen that the slot 70 will vent thechamber 18, with the bottom wall 64 having its curved portion 64a movedbeyond the stern 54 of the valve, so as to permit the gaseous pressureto lift the valve. The pressure exhausts through the opening dil in thetop wall through the end slot 70 in the member 62 and out through theopening or slot 72 at the other end of the member 62. Instantaneously,the chemical gaseous substance, such as carbon dioxide, becomes a solidblock 46.
Means is provided for urging the block to its uppermost position, sothat the uppermost portion of the liquid contents in the chamber 14 willbe cooled initially and the liquid contents will be constantly cooled,as they pass over the portion of the chamber 12, within which the block46 is disposed, the block being disposed toward the top wall 26.
The means includes a plunger 82, which is annular and which is formedfrom resilient material and is of cup-like shape on its upper surface. Aspring 84 is coiled between lthe inner surface of the bottom wall 20within the sleeve 18 and the undersurface of the plunger 82. whichsealingly and slidably engages the inner wall of the sleeve 18 andfunctions to urge the solid block 46 into a raised position, as shown inFIGURE 3, and to maintain the same in such position.
The top wall 26 is formed with an indentation or depression 86, wherebythe linger-grip ring '74 can be pulled from the Well by the fingers of auser and moved into the depression S6, so as to open the valve means forthe release of the pressure and the consequent transformation of thechemical gaseous substance into the solid block 46.
Thus, ,the chamber 12 is tilled with a chemical, such as carbon dioxide,so that when the valve means is opened, the chemical forms an ice block46 and the springurged plunger 82 automatically functions to move theblock 46 to its uppermost position and holds the same therein, suchposition being the optimum position for cooling the contents of theliquid in the outer chamber 11i, as the contents are dispensed throughthe opening 28. As long as the valve is released, the unit will staycold until all of the chemical is used up. However, if one desires toonly use a part of the ice, this can be done by closing oii the valve,whereupon the block will be transformed back into its liquid gaseousstate. Such action may oe repeated, until all of the chemical substanceis exhausted and, then, the valve can be held in an open position andthe chamber 12 can be relled with a replenishing supply of the chemicalsubstance.
To use the can, the valve assembly is quickly and easily opened, byvirtue of the ring 74, w :ich pivots the member 62 from the closedposition of FIGURE 2 to the open position of FIGURE 3 and allows thevalve plug 52 to be shifted upwardly, reacting to the pressure of thechemical substance in the inner chamber 12, so that the pressure isexhausted and the chemical forms a Dry Ice block 46 that is moved to theoptimum cooling position by the spring-urged plunger and quickly coolsthe container and the liquid contents in the outer chamber 14 cooled fordispensing in a cooled state.
With reference to the form, shown in FIGURES 5 and 6, the container 16ais cylindrical and has an outer chamber 14a and an inner chamber 12a.The chambers are arranged in concentric relation and are disposed inseparate and individual fashion. The chamber 14a constitutes an annularjacket around the chamber 12a and the chamber 14a is adapted to containthe chemical gaseous substance. The top wall 88 for the outer chamber14a is formed with an opening to housingly receive a valve assembly 9G,which is of the conventional push-pull type and which functions to bepushed down, so as to lill the chamber 14a with the chemical gaseoussubstance and which is maintained by a spring means (not shown) in aclosed upper position. The valve can be moved upwardly, so as toevacuate the pressure and cause the substance in the jacket or chamber14a to become solid for cooling purposes.
Further, the chamber 12a is adapted to contain the gaseous chemicalsubstance and a radially disposed, inwardly directed tubular housing 91is formed through the walls and extends into the chamber 12a andsupports a valve assembly 92, which is similar to the valve assembly 9@and which functions so as to lill the chamber 12a with the chemicalgaseous substance and to exhaust the pressure from the chamber so thatthe substance becomes a solid.
The container 10a has a bottom wall 94, on which a spring 96 is seated,the upper end of the spring bearing against a plunger '98, which isadapted to urge the block upwardly into contact with the partition wallin the inner chamber 12a. The partition wall 106 forms a seat for aconventional can 162, which is seated within the jacket 14a on the uppersurface of the partition wall ltltl.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles ofthe invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes willreadily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limitthe invention to the exact construction and operation shown anddescribed, and accordingly all suitable modifications and equivalentsmay be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention asclaimed.
What is claimed as new is as follows:
1. A container arrangement for enabling heat exchange of a productcomprising a tubular container assembly having separated and individualchambers therein, at least one of said chambers having a producttherein, at least another of said chambers having a heat exchange mediumtherein, said chambers being in heat exchange relation, said heatexchange medium being subiect to temperature change in response tochange in pressure, valve lmeans in said heat exchange medium chamber toenable change in pressure therein thereby resulting in a temperaturechange, and means in said heat exchange medium chamber urging the heatexchange medium to an optimum heat exchange relation with the productchamber.
2. The container arrangement as dened in claiml wherein said chambersare arranged in concentric relation with the outer chamber containingthe product, said chambers being coextensive in length with the outerchamber having an openable top portion through which the product isdischarged, said means urging the heat exchange medium toward the end ofthe arrangement having the openable top portion for subjecting theproduct to the heat exchange medium just before discharge.
3. A cooling container arrangement for liquids, such as beverages,comprising a tubular container body having concentrically arranged innerand outer separated and individual annular chambers, `said chambershaving opposing closed ends, one of said chambers adapted to contain abeverage to be consumed and the other chamber adapted to contain achemical gaseous substance which solidiiies upon exposure to theatmosphere so as to form a solid cooling member, means associated withthe other of the chambers for lling it with a chemical gaseous substanceand a valve means associated with the lling means for closing off theother chamber and for venting the said chamber to the atmosphere so asto release the pressure and transform the gaseous substance into thesolid cooling member, and means provided within the other of saidchambers for moving the solid cooling member into the optimum coolingposition with respect to the one of said chambers.
4. The invention of claim 3, wherein said last means comprises aspring-urged plunger.
5. The invention of claim 4, wherein said spring-urged plunger isslidably disposed in the other of said chambers and sealingly arrangedtherein and is movable in a direction along the longitudinal axis ofsaid chamber.
6. The container arrangement as defined in claim 1 wherein said productchamber is an independent container, said heat exchange chamber having arecess therein removably receiving at least part of the productcontainer, said heat exchange medium chamber including a wall dening theinner end of said recess for engagement with the product container, saidmeans urging said heat exchange medium toward said wall.
7. A cooling container arrangement for liquids, such as beverages,comprising a tubular container body having concentrically arranged innerand outer separated and individual annular chambers, said chambershaving opposing closed ends, one of said chambers adapted to contain abeverage to be consumed and the other chamber adapted to contain achemical gaseous substance which solidilies upon exposure to theatmosphere so as to form a solid cooling member, means associated withthe other of the chambers for filling it with a chemical gaseoussubstance and a valve means associated with the lling means for closingolf the other chamber and for venting the said chamber to the atmosphereso as to release the pressure and transform the gaseous substance intothe solid cooling member, said valve means including a valve assemblyfor filling the other chamber with a chemical gaseous substance when inan open position and for retaining the substance in liquid form when ina closed position and -for releasing the pressure and venting thesubstance to the atmosphere, when in an open position, so as totransform the substance into the solid cooling member, 4and meansprovided in said other chamber for moving said solid cooling memberaxially of the chamber.
8. The invention of claim 7, wherein said last means includes aspring-urged plunger.
9. In a cooling container arrangement for liquids, a chamber adapted tocontain a chemical gaseous substance which solidities upon exposure ofthe chamber to the atmosphere, valve means associated with said chamberfor releasing the pressure of and venting the substance to theatmosphere so that it is transformed into a solid cooling member andspring-urged plunger means operatively disposed in said chamber formoving said solid cooling member axially of the chamber.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,460,765 2/ 1940 Palaith 62-2942,746,264 5/ 1956 Keyes 62-293 2,898,747 8/ 1959 Wales 62-294 3,229,4781/1966 Alonso 62-37] 3,257,821 6/1966 Warner 62-457 3,309,890 3/1967Barnett 62-294 WILLIAM I. WYE, Primary Examiner.
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2024-03-22
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1966-08-31
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1968-03-19"
}
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US-1562725-A
|
Wrap robe
Dec. 14 1926. 1,610,799
E. LACK ET AL WRAP ROBE Filed March 14, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 (701 mag JI Ethel Lac/f Israel Lac/f Dec. 14 192s. 1,610,799
E. LACK ET AL WRAP ROBE Filed March 14. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet .2
gwoewtow 52172421 Lac K Zara/e2 Lac/f Patented Dec. 14, 1926.
UNITED STATES ETHEL LACK AND ISRAEL LACK, OF BROOKLYN, NEVT YORK.
WRAP ROBE.
Application filed lVIarch 14, 1925. Serial No; 15,627.
This invention relates to wrap-robes and more particularly to a garmentformed of one piece of material adapted to be wrapped around the body inorder to protect the wearer from the elements.
The principal object of this invention is to provide a robe which can bemade from an ordinary piece of cloth or a blanket, which requires nospecial fitting or sewing, and when completed is perfectly flat.
Another object of this invention is the pro-vision of a robe which canbe made from one straight piece of material without any wastage, whichcan be easily slipped on, and taken off with the least amount ofinconvenience or effort, and can be folded in a compact form when not inuse.
Other objects will appear as the disclosure progresses. The drawings areintended merely to indicate a possible embodiment of the invention. Itis obvious, therefore, that the actual needs of manufacture maynecessitate certain mechanical changes. It is, therefore, not intendedto limit the invention F to the embodiment illustrated, but rather todefine such limits in the appended claims.
By changing the material to suit conditions, this garment can be usedfor beachrobes, bath-robes, hospital robes and the like.
For a more detailed understanding of the invention, attention is nowcalled to the drawings in which a preferred embodiment is shownillustrated. In these drawings. like parts are designated by likereference characters in all of the views.
Figure 1 is a view showing the wrap-robe in an open or fiat position. v
Figure 2 is a view showing the upper part folded down.
Figure 3 is a detail.
Figure 4 is a view showing the partially closed.
Figure 5 is a view showing the'robe completely closed.
Figure 6 is a detail.
Referring now to the drawings, in detail in which like referencecharacters denote like parts in all of the views, numeral 1 designates aflat seamless body portion, 2 and 3 cut-outs defining a collar 4, and 5and 6 corner portions, which when turned down, form an inner vest 7 asnoted in Figure 2. Buttons 8 and buttonholes' 9 are provided forbuttoning the vest, and at o posite ends of the vest are slits 10 and 11aving snap wrap-robe which tend to keep the ends 14 and 15 against thebody of the wearer when the arms are folded, as shown in Fig. 5.
The mode of applying this garment to the body of the wearer is asfollows. The arms are passed through the arm loops 13 as noted in Figure1, the collar 4 turned down, and the corner portions 5 and 6 are foldedon lines 16 and 17 over the shoulders forming the inner vest 7, andbuttoned. The arms are then folded, folding the ends 14 and 15 on lines18 and 19 over the front of the body.
If preferable, the vest 7 may be worn over the front part of the garmentas shown in Figure 6. It is thought from the fore going description thatthe advantages and novel features of our invention will be readilyapparent,
What we desire to secure by United States Letters Patent is:
1, In a flat seamless blanket provided with slots defining a collar,corner portions when folded over forming a vest, means for buttoning thevest, loops for passing over the arms of a wearer, and end portionsadapted to close over the body of the wearer.
2. In a wrap-robe provided with slots defining a collar, corner portionswhen folded over forming a vest, end portions, meansfor fastening thesaid end portions to the arms of the wearer, means for fastening the twoends of the vest together, the said corner portions adapted to closeover the front part of the body.
3. In a garment formed from one fiat piece of material, corner portionsforming a vest when folded over the shoulders of the wearer, means forfastening the ends of the said vest together, and end portions adaptedto close over the front part of the wearer, the said end portionsprovided with means for fastening to the arms of the wearer.
4. In a garment formed from one piece of material provided with cut-outsdefining a collar, corner portions forming a vest when folded over theshoulders of the wearer, means for fastening the ends of the vesttogether, end portions adapted to close over the front part of thewearer and arm loops attached to the said end portions.
5. is garment formed one piece at materiel provided with cut o'ntsdefiningn collz'u corner portions forming a vest when folded over theshoulders of thewearer,
means for testeningthe ends of the said" end portions, diagonal slits inthesefid end portions, ZIIlLllIlQtlIlS for fastening tle ends of thesaid diagonal slits together. 10
In testimony whereof We aflix our sig natures.
ETHEL LACK. ISRAEL LACK.
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2024-03-22
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1925-03-14
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1926-12-14"
}
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US-25798228-A
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Thrashing machine
Oct. 28, 1930. I HUMBKE 1,779,705
THRASHING MACHINE Filed Feb. 29. 1928 v 35 on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.
Patented Oct. 28, 1 930 7 t-ii ;z;
DETRICH nit-NEST HUMIBKE, or wETAsxiwm; enisnnriijenivnnm F THRAsnINGuliqnI ivn 4 Application filed February 29, 1928, Serial noij'asvgsayarid can ss a,,119 g;;
This invention relates to improvements in thrashing machines and moreparticularly to an improved foldable divide board for thrashingmachines, andthe objects of the 1nvention are to provide a simplyconstructed and durable divide board adapted to fit in the centre ofthefeeder ofa thrashing ma chine.
Under existing conditions it requires two individuals to place thedivide board in position in the feeder, one climbing to the top of i theseparator and another standing at the front of the feeder. W'ith myinvention this 1 duplication and consequentwaste of tlme and 5 labour iseliminated, the divide board being placed in position simultaneouslywith the feeder in one operation.
With the foregoing and other objects the novel features of the inventioninclude-a divide board formed with a hinged section co- I ,ordinatingwiththe hinged section of the feeder and operable therewith whereby theI divide board is simultaneously placed in po-' sition with the feeder.
5 Referring nowto the drawings in which like characters of referenceindicate corresponding parts in each figure.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a portion of a thrashing machine showingthe feeder and, a the divide board partially broken away and in dottedlines in foldedposition,
Figure 2 is a top plan view of Figure 1. Figure 3 is anenlargedsectional detail of the hinged connection of the divide board,
Figure 4 is an enlarged section on the line H of Figure 1.
Fig. 5is a'fragmentary side elevation of the divide board in openposition.
"Referring now more particularly to the drawings in which a preferredexample of I my invention is disclosed, A indicates a portion of athrashing machine of well known construction and 10 a feeder also ofwell a known construction and formed in two sections Hand 12 hingedlyconnected to one another as at 13. Centrally and longitudinally of thefeeder is the essential feature of V 'my invention, namely, the divideboard 14: formed in two sections 15 and 16, thesection 1'6ibeingctanatatsa17 a tliefrofd T18 bolted t theframe as at'19' and the section15 being hinged as atPQO' with: ahinge- 21 pro? .videc'l'with' a-lap 22t'o p-reventanythingfem secured to 'the;'dividerfboartl; and extending us pe -housing. membersa s secured ts one end of thexfs'e'ction 16" andis adapted to extend over thetop and partiau' down' either Y sidethereof, to; meet the chann el ,men1ber when in closed position,andisformed with a protruding portion which is adapted to house the, endofthe section 16 when the divide board-is in closed position thusensuring a completely encased joint. Y
A plate 23 engaging on each side of both with the hinge 21 is provided.This plate is adapted to rigidly hold the divide board se-' --curely inoperative position. In the outer end of the divide board is a slot 24:and on the outer end of the feeder is a forked member 25 for the divideboard to rest in by means of a bolt 26 extending through the forkedmember into the slot 24 to retain the hinged sections of the divideboardand associated Y section 15 of'the divide board and the divideboard together when swung intolposition, as illustrated in dotted linesin Figure 1, when both sections may be hooked up to the thrash ingmachine as at'27.
It 'will'thus be seen that when the feeder is placed inpositionthat'thedivideboardwill {5 j avoiding all extratrouble while, atthe same time ensuring more etficient operation of the device. V As manychanges could be made "in the simultaneously be placed in position thus;
above construction and many apparently .widely different embodimentsofmy inven'-' tion, within the scope of the claim, con-- structed withoutdeparting from the spirit or scope thereof, it is'intended that allmatter contained in the accompanying specification and drawings shall beinterpreted asillusthe combination with a foldable feeder pro- I videdwith a frame, of a divide boardformed of QY sec i ns; a rig ly meunted ie ion and a m yable septiqn, adaptedto' be con 1 nected by a hinge,saidhinge Comprising a skeleton channel member adapted to partiallyenease the; endslfof the sections each endof. I
said'channel member being pivotally connected to a reinforcing U shapedstrafimember rigidly segured to the divide board on either side ofthejmeeting endsof the two v 'i v I i se ion ea d U; haped strap,membersexending around the WP an sides of ither Seq i n; a L s ap d h mng m mber secure teone endoi he moveeb s ct n and form with Po on. pr trgt refrom, aid protruding por ion being adap to use @hemeeang end ei ther gidly mounted se tien when in Wor n positi n, t e pposi e end o the mveab e t o ing pro ided w th a slot, ar'ferk dm mbe baring a bolt extendn 'therethr-oughen adapt dftovslid in said slo ei gforked memb r b ingrigi ly Se ed to the ie der where y, 1 th fee er being swung in op ret ver fo edfpo tibl iillfld i'i board is similarly swung,
hand;
In itnes Whemef Iharehereunto s t my' .1
IDETB QH ERNEsrHUM KE,
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2024-03-22
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1928-02-29
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1930-10-28"
}
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US-1914816907-A
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Car-ventilating system.
D. I. COOKE- CAR VENTILATING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED FEB! 6. 1914.
Patented July 6, 1915.
1. Wm m w 0 Q Q S/ m N Q D. I. COOKE.
. CAR VENTILATING SYSTEM.
APPLICATIONTILED FEB. 6, 1914.
Patented July 6, 1915.
2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- DWIGHT I. cookie, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,
ASSIGNOR, '10 VACUUM GAR VENTILATING C0,, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ACORPORATION OF ILLINOIS;
GAR-VENTILATING SYSTEM.
1,145869. original application filed June 27, 1913, Serial No.
Specification of Letters Patent.
lfatented July h, 1%15.
776,053. Divided and. this application filed February 6,
1914:. Serial No. 316,907.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, DWIGHT 1. GQQKE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Car-Ventilating Systems,of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to a ventilating system intended for use on carsand similar vehicles, and is particularly adapted to fultil therequirements of ventilation in closed cars of the single-end'operatedtype.
In the present ventilating system, I aim to provide an adequate and eveninflow of fresh air into the car body and a discharge of foul airtherefrom in quantities, manner of distribution, and rate of flow whichis conducive to the highest comfort and best health of the carpassengers.
It is further sought in this invention to arrange the operation of theventilating sys tem with reference to the average condition of carspeed, with reference to the location of the car heaters, and withreference to the leakage of air which is always present even in theclosed type of car bodies.
As will appear from a study of the drawings and specification, theinvention consists further in the features of construction andcombination of parts as hereinafter set forth and claimed.
The application setting forth the present invention is a division of myprior application Serial No. 7"(6,053, filed June 27, 1913.
In the drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation of a single-end-operatedcar, showing the location of the air intakes and means for dischargingfoul air from the car body; Fig. 2 is a plan view, partly in section, ofthe car body shown in Fig- 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevation, partly insection, of the rearend of the car body; Fig. i is a front elevation,partly. in section, of a suitable formiof air intake; and Fig. 5 is abottom View of the air discharging means.
The drawings illustrate an arch-roof car 6 of the single-end-operatedtype, wherein the controlling means for operation thereof are located onthe platform 7 which is provided with exit and entrance doors 8 and 9respectively. An emergency exit 8 is also provided at the rearend of thecar, but this 1s not intended to be used in the ordinary course of caroperation.
In the type of car illustrated, most of the seats 10 are arrangedtransversely of the car to permit of the passengers riding face forward,and the location of the car heaters 11 in the drawings is shown as underthe seats or along the side walls of the car close to the floor line. Aseries of air intakes 12 are arranged above the car roof 13, eachconsisting of a hood 14 closed over the top and provided with a flaringmouth 15 facing forwardly of the car through which air enters. Withinthe hood 141 is arranged a tube or duct 16 through which air isdelivered into the car body. An opening 17 is arranged in one side ofthe hood to allow of the escape or draining of water which may enterthrough the mouth 15 of the hood 14: into the chamber therewithin. 1nthe typeof car illustrated, means are shown for educting the vitiated orfoul air from the car body consisting of an electrically-operatedexhaust fan 18, which operates in a duct 19 communicating with theinterior of the car body, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, at a pointpreferably under one of the car seats 10. The controlling means (notshown) for the exhaust fan may be arranged upon the front platformwithin convenient reach of one of the car crew.
The ventilating action which results from a car so equipped issubstantially as followspDuring the periods of motion air is drawnthrough the intakes on the car roof and is delivered into the car bodyat different points above the heads of the passengers therein. Theexhaust fan located at the rear end of the car below the floor linetends to direct all currents of air toward the rear and downward towardthe floor, thus creating a positive rearward and downward movement ofair throughout the car. When the car is stopped and the front eXit orentrance door is opened,the action of the air inlets on the car roofvirtually ceases, due to the fact that a greater area is ofiere throughthe open door at the front end of the car through which fresh air may besupplied to the car. At such a time, therefore,
practically the entire quantity of fresh air supplied would be throughthe front door from whence it would be drawn rearward by the action ofthe exhaust fan.
During periods of cold weather when the car is operated with doors andwindows closed, and with the heating system in operation, the warm airradiating from the heaters is delivered into the car body at more orless even strata of are open, the intake action opened up through whichpoints adjacent the car floor.
This warm air tends naturally to rise to the upper level of the carwhere it is mixed with the currents of cold fresh air supplied to thecar through the roof thereof, the rapidity of such mixture increasingwith the difference between the car temperature and the temperature ofthe outside air. The mixture of cold and warm air thus resulting causesa pure fresh tempered air to obtain throughout the mid-section of thecar. This intermingling of Warm and fresh air will take placesubstantially as has been described during the periods when the car isin motion. As has previously been explained, however, when the car isstopped and the front exit or entrance doors of the roof inlets thegreater area fresh air may virtually ceases, because of pass into thecar.
' The advantages of the system which has been described lies in the factthat fresh air' is taken in at the roof line of the car where it isfreest from dust and street impurities. The fresh air so admitted isfurthermore delivered to the interior of the car at points closer to thebreathing zone where the sensation of freshness, due to the introductionof cool air at the upper lever, should preferably obtain. The floor ofthe car furthermore in the present system of ventilation'is preservedthe Warmest in temperathe balance of the ture, conducing thereby to thecomfort of the feet of passengers. It may even be found on this accountthat it is practicable to reduce the car temperature withoutinconvenience.
In the installation of the system herein described, it is intendedthat'the exhaust fan should remove a predetermined quantity of airsufficient to insure an air change taking place Within a specifiedperiod of time. To this end the best practice would probably be toproportion the roof inlets to introduce fresh air equal to approximatelyone-half the exhaust fan capacity at .the average operating speed of thecar, leaving fresh air handled by the through the cracks and leakyopenings. This arrangement serves also to diminish any chilling effectwhich would result when either of the front doors are opened if theentire quantity of air supplied'to the fan for exhaustion were hanfan tobe supplied dled only through roof operation of the car. In the presentventilating system, moreover, it is to be noted that the fresh air isdrawn into the car from the roof and that it proceeds downwardly to bediffused and diluted by the upwardly rising currents of warm airproceeding from the heaters located at the floor line. This results in areduction of the excess temperature previously existing at the upperdeck section, and the distribution of a fairly even strata of temperedair throughout the middle section of the car body for its entire length.The above ventilating effects are produced, it will be observed, withoutthe a 'ency of any special ducts through which currents of air are oftendirected.
I claim:
1. In combination with a closed car body equipped with heaters thereinat or near the car floor line, a car ventilating system embodying airintakes at or near the car roof line arranged to admit air at differentpoints into the car body during periods of car motion, said car havingother means located at the forward end of the car body arranged to admitair directly into the seating compartment of the car body during periodsof car rest, the fresh air so admitted during either period of rest ormotion being commingled and diffused with currents of air ascending fromthe car heaters, and mechanically operated means arranged to exhaustvitiated air from the car body located at the rearward end thereof,whereby a positive rearward current of mixed fresh and heated air iscreated Within the car body, substantially as described.
2. In combination with a closed car body equipped with heaters thereinat or near the car floor line, a car ventilating system embodying airintakes at or near the car roof line arranged to admit air at differentpoints into the car body during periods of car motion, said car havingother means located at the forward end of the car body arranged to admitair directly into the seating compartment of the car body during periodsof car rest, the fresh air so admitted during either period of rest ormotion being commingled and diffused with currents of air ascending fromthe car heaters, and mechanically operated means arranged to exhaustvitiated air from the car body located at the rearward end thereof at ornear the car floor line, whereby a positive downward and rearwardcurrent of mixed fresh and heated air is created within the car body,substantially as described.
DWIGHT I. COOKE.
outlets during the WM. P. BOND.
copies .ofthis patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents. b Washington, 110.
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2024-03-22
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1914-02-06
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1915-07-06"
}
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US-3423483D-A
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Fluorescent polymers
United States Patent 3,423,483 FLUORESCENT POLYMERS Tom Anyos,Parkersburg, W. Va., and Wendell W. Mayer,
Jr., Wheaton, Ill., assignors to Borg-Warner Corporation, Chicago, IIL,a corporation of Illinois No Drawing. Filed May 28, 1965, Ser. No.459,886 US. Cl. 260-860 5 Claims Int. Cl. C08g 51/67, 33/02, 39/10ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Polymeric compositions that are permanentlyfluorescent due to the incorporation of from about .5 percent to about 1percent of polybenzoxazole units in the polymeric chain.
Prior to this invention, fluorescent and/or whitening agents were addedto preformed polymeric materials to provide polymers having desirablefluorescent characteristics. These fluorescent and/ or whitening agentswere added during a blending step after the polymer had been preformed.Some of the more common brightening agents utilized prior to thisinvention were oxacyanines, 2'-dihydroxybenzalazine,1,4-di-2-(5-phenyloxazolyl) benzene, etc. When adding these materials,it was not only necessary to have an additional processing step, butproper distribution was diflicult to obtain and many times the whiteneror brightening agent would be prevalent in one portion of the polymerand non-existent in another.
It has been found that low molecular weight polybenzoxazole units may beadded to polyester polymers during the initial polymerization step andthe resulting polymers will contain benzoxazole units chemically boundto the polymer chain. The incorporation of as little as .5% of the'benzoxazole units in the polymer chain imparts permanent fluorescenceto the polymers. Further, the fluorescent character obtained is evenlydistributed throughout the polymer.
The polybenzoxazole utilized in this invention to prepare fluorescentpolyesters are generally represented by the structural formula:
m1 C/N\ W FORMULA I FORMULA II COzqS NH2 BIO- FORMULA III wherein n, nand n equals at least 2 and not greater than 10 or mixtures thereof andwherein denotes phenyl.
The polybenzoxazole units are obtained by the condensation ofamino-hydroxybenzoic acids and also by the condensation ofbis-(o-amino-phenols) and aromatic dicarboxylic acids. The units areincorporated in polyesters Patented Jan. 21, 1969 EXAMPLE 1 Isophthalatepolybenzoxazole prepared by copolymerization of 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidinewith diphenyl isopht-halate 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine, 2.162 g. (0.010mole) and 3.183 g. (0.010 mole) diphenyl isophthalate were carefullyground together in a mortar and transferred quantitatively to smallside-arm test tube fitted with a nitrogen :bubble tube. The tube wasflushed for one hour with dry, oxygen-free nitrogen. A slow stream ofnitrogen was thereafter maintained during the course of the reaction.
The tube was suspended in a Woods metal bath and heated slowly to370-400 C. over a -minute period. During the reaction, the masssoftened, resolidified, and turned yellow in color. Both phenol andwater were expelled easily during the reaction. The reaction mass washeated an additional four hours at between 300 C. and 320 C.
A yield of 3.10 g. (100 percent) of yellow colored brittle resin wasobtained. The polymer was completely soluble in sulfuric acid andpartially soluble in trifiuoroacetic acid. The polymer had an inherentviscosity of 0.43 (0.4 g./ 100 ml. H 50 25 C.). The infrared spectrumwas in agreement with the proposed structure. X-
ray analysis indicated that the product was crystalline.
The ultraviolet spectrum of the polymer in sulfuric acid showed maximaat 350 my and a specific extinction coefficient of 73.5. The polymer wasnonfiammable.
EXAMPLE 2 Terephthalate polybenzoxazole prepared by copolymerization of3,3'-dihydrobenzidine with diphenyl terephthalate A ground mixture of1.693 (0.0078 mole) 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine and 2.492 g. (0.0078 mole)diphenyl terephthalate was charged to a small side-arm test tube fittedwith a nitrogen bubble tube. The mixture was flushed with dry,oxygen-free nitrogen for a period of one hour prior to reaction, and aslow stream of nitrogen was maintained during the entire course of thepolymerization. The tube was suspended in a Woods metal bath andgradually heated to 300 C. over a two-hour period. The temperature wasmaintained at between 300 C. and 330 C. for a further period of fourhours. The reaction mixture changed in color from gray to pale cream,which then darkened during the course of the polymerization. Both phenoland water were expelled readily during the early stages, At no time didthe reaction mass become molten. A yield of 2.42 g. (100 percent) ofbrittle, rust colored resin was obtained. The product was 55 percentsoluble in concentrated sulfuric acid and had an inherent viscosity of0.94 (0.25 g./ 100 ml. H 25 C.). The infrared spectrum was in agreementwith the suggested structure. The ultraviolet spectrum of the polymer insulfuric acid showed broad maxima at 390 me and had a specificextinction coefficient of 35.0. The polymer was nonflammable in an openflame.
Virtually all of those polyester polymers and copolymers that arecapable of copolymerizing with dicarboxylic acids or the end groups ofthe polybenzoxazole may be rendered fluorescent by the incorporation ofpolybenzoxazole units in accordance with this invention. Examples of afew of the more well known polyester polymers capable of copolymerizingwith these end groups are the polycarbonates, polycarboxylates,carbonate-carboxylates, sulfonate-carboxylates, sulfonate-carbonates,polyurethanes, polyamides, mixtures of the aforementioned polymers aswell as any other polymer containing polyester linking groups therein.
The polybenzoxazole units prepared as shown above are incorporated in apolycarbonate as follows:
FORMULA IV It will be noted from the above reaction of polybenzoxazolewith polycarbonate that the polybenzoxazole units may be incorporated inany polyester system that will copolymerize with a carboxylate ester.
The specific method of preparing the polyesters with which thepolybenzoxazole units are copolymerized does not form a part of thisinvention, however, it will be noted that a very wide range ofcondensation reactions may be utilized in preparing the fluorescentpolymers of this invention. The preparation of the polycarbonates,polycarboxylates, polyamides, etc., or copolymers thereof, can takeplace as a solution polycondensation, interfacial polycondensation, meltpolycondensation, etc.
For the purposes of illustration, the examples hereinbelow utilize amelt polycondensation to prepare polycarbonates and polycarboxylates.
It is, of course, necessary to add the preformed benzoxazole units tothe polymer or copolymer condensation reaction in amounts from 0.5percent to about one percent during the course of the polycondensationof the polymer forming monomers.
Examples showing the preparation of fluorescent polymers of thisinvention are set forth hereinbelow.
Example A.-Fluorescent polycarbonate 10.7110 g. (0.5 mole) diphenylcarbonate, 11.400 g. (0.5 mole) bisphenol-A, 0.1 g. polybenzoxazole and0.1 g. magnesium powder were charged to a 200 ml. roundbottom flaskequipped with nitrogen inlet tube. The flask was kept under nitrogen andheated in an oil bath for 36 hours at 225-250 C. The polymer was washedwith acetone to remove unreacted monomer and dried at reduced pressureand 50 C. The product exhibits brilliant fluorescence under ultravioletirradiation.
Example B.Fluorescent polycarboxylate 5.224 g. (0.2 mole) diphenylterephthalate, 1.240 g. (0.2 mole) ethylene glycol, 0.48 g.polybenzoxazole and 0.1 g. antimony oxide were charged to apolymerization tube equipped with a nitrogen inlet. The tube was sweptwith nitrogen and maintained under a nitrogen atmosphere while heated ina Woods metal bath at 200 for twelve hours. The product was washedrepeatedly with acetone to remove unreacted monomers and dried atreduced pressure. The polycarboxylate polymer was lightly yellow incolor and exhibited high fluorescence under ultraviolet irradiation.
Example C.Fluorescent isophthalate-bisphenol- A based polymer 15.900 g.(0.5 mole) diphenyl isophthalate, 11.400 g. (0.5 mole) bisphenol-A and0.3 g. polybenzoxazole were charged to a polymerization tube equippedwith a nitrogen inlet. The tube was flushed with nitrogen and maintainedunder a nitrogen atmosphere while it was heated in an oil bath from250285 for thirty hours. The product was washed with acetone to removeunreacted monomer and dried at reduced pressure. Upon exposure toultraviolet irradiation a high fluorescence was noted.
From the foregoing examples, it will be noted that fluorescent polymersmay be prepared without the necessity of adding a fluorescent agent inan additional process step. Further, the distribution of fluorescencethroughout the polymer is obviously superior to that obtained byaddition of dyes or pigments in that the fluorescent component isintegral with respect to the units in the chain. It will be noted thatthe addition of the benzoxazole units in the polymer chain in amounts upto one per cent have very little effect on the physical and chemicalproperties inherent in the polymers. Also, the incorporation ofbenzoxazole units in the polymer chain does not, in any way, affect theaddition of plasticizers. natural or synthetic resins, antioxidants,pigments, dyes, etc. that may be added to the polymers aftercondensation.
Although this invention has been described with respect to certainpolymer systems, it will be understood that certain modifications may bemade such as applying the polybenzoxazole units to other polyestersystems that have not been described. These equivalents will be apparentto those skilled in the art. It is intended that such variations beincluded within the present invention and that the invention is limitedonly by the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. An aromatic polyester having incorporated in its polymer chain from0.5 to 1.0 percent polybenzoxazole units of the formula i a M 0ZC Q q0\ZI/ r-COr- L l wherein n is at least 2 and not greater than 10, saidpolyester polymer characterized by being fluorescent in the presence ofultraviolet light.
2. An aromatic polyester polymer having incorporated in its polymerchain from 0.5 to 1.0 percent polybenzoxazole units of the formulawherein n is at least 2 and not greater than 10, said polyester polymercharacterized by being fluorescent in the presence of ultraviolet light.
3. An aromatic polyester polymer having incorporated in its polymerchain from 0.5 to 1.0 percent polybenzoxazole units of the formulawherein n is at least 2 and not greater than 10, said 5. An aromaticpolyester having incorporated in its polyester polymer characterized bybeing fluorescent in 15 polymer chain from 0.5 to 1.0 percentpolybenzoxazole the presence of ultraviolet light. units selected fromthe group consisting of 4. An aromatic polycarbonate having incorporatedin its polymer chain from 0.5 to 1.0 percent polybenzoxaz- N N ole unitsselected from the group consisting of I wherein n, n; and n are at least2 and not greater than wherein n, In and n are at least 2 and notgreater than 10, said polyester polymer characterized by being fluo- 10,said polyester polymer characterized by being fluorescent in thepresence of ultraviolet light. rescent in the presence of ultravioletlight.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,904,537 9/1959 Brinker et al.260-78 3,230,196 1/ 1966 Moyer 260-47 3,306,876 2/1967 Kantor et al.260860 OTHER REFERENCES Kubota et al., Journal of Polymer Science, PartB, vol. 2 (1964), pp. 655-659.
SAMUEL H. BLEOH, Primary Examiner.
US. Cl. XJR-
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2024-03-22
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1965-05-28
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1969-01-21"
}
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US-71986534-A
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Lock washer
Nov. 27, 1934. c. .1. SPAHN 1,982,076
LOCK WASHER Filed April 10, 1934 mi "u INVENTOR C. J. S/JCt/ZIZ-ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 27, 1934 UNETED STATES LOCK wssmm Chester J.Spahn, Folsom, Calif., assignor of onehalf to James H. Cavitt, Folsom,Calif.
7 Application April 10, 1934, Serial N 719,865
1 Claim.
This invention relates to lock washers for bolts, and particularly forbutton head carriage bolts such as are used in connection with woodenparts and which are prevented from turning in the wood by the squaredshank portion immedi ately under the head and driven into the wood.
It sometimes happens however, especially when the bolts are drawn uptight, when in soft wood, or when the bolt hole is relatively large andprovides little stock for holding engagement with the spared portion,that the bolts turn or the heads become drawn into the wood. This eitherprevents the proper tightening up of the nut or in the event of the headultimately drawing into the wood, causes the parts tied together by thebolt to become loose relative to each other.
The principal object of my invention therefore is to eliminate theseundesirable occurrences by the provision of a simple and inexpensiveform of lock washer for bolts of this character designed to bothpositively prevent rotation of the bolt and also the drawing of the headof the same into the wood.
The above object I attain by means of such structure and relativearrangement of parts as will fully appear by a perusal of the followingspecification and claim. 1
In the drawing similar characters of reference indicate correspondingparts in the several views:
Figure 1 is a diametral section of a washer as applied about a carriagebolt shown mounted in connection with a wooden beam.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of a two-prong washer.
Figure 3 is a similar view of a three-prong washer.
Figure 4 is a similar view of a modified form of washer.
Referring now more particularly to the characters of reference on thedrawing, the type of bolt to which my improved washer is designed to beapplied comprises a shank 1 having a button head 2 and a square portion3 immediately under the head whose width across the flatsis thesame asthe diameter of the shank, so that the corners of said portion projectbeyond the periphery of the shank for engagement with the wood 4outwardly of the bolt hole 5.-
The washer as shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a circular body 6larger than the bolt head having a square hole 7 tofit the shank portion3. Depending from the body at opposed points outwardly of the peripherythereof and at an outward angle to the axis of the bolt and washer 4also to the turning of the same.
are stiff sharp pointed prongs 8. These draw into the wood as alongitudinal pulling pressure is placed on the bolt and prevent the boltfrom turning without relying on the'engagement of the squared portion 3with the wood. The angular setting of the prongs relative to thedirection of axial movement of the washer, and the placing of the sameoutwardly of the periphery of the body of the washer adds to theresistance of movement of the washer into the wood and A bolt equippedwith a washer of this character therefore is practically held immunefrom any rotative or axial movement once the nut has been properly.tightened. v
The construction in Figure 3 is the same except that the washer body 6ahas three evenly spaced prongs 8a; this type of washer being preferablyused in connection with relatively large bolts or where the wood isquite soft.
The type of washer disclosed in Figure 4 is the same generally as eitherof the above described types, but instead of the prongs the washer body6b has a plurality of short spikes 9 depending therefrom inwardly of theperiphery of the body and in evenly spaced relation about the boltopening asplainly shown.
From the foregoing description it will be readily seen that I haveproduced such a device as substantially fulfills the objects of theinvention as set forth herein.
While this specification sets forth in detail th present and preferredconstruction of the device, still in practice such deviations from suchdetail may be resorted to as do not form a departure from the spirit ofthe invention, as defined by the appended claim;
Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and useful anddesire to secure by
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2024-03-22
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1934-04-10
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1934-11-27"
}
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US-13958337-A
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Manufacture of calcium nitrate from ammoniacal gases
H. PAULING 2,136,994
MANUFAGTURE OF CALCIUM NITRATE FROM AMMONIACAL GASES Nov. 15, 1938.
Filed April 28, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheei l Gfrs'fs wm Fia/v Mya 4660/7/37/0/1/ TOM/ff? NMa/WAHL GASAS OPL/Hf gmc/who@ /Pm cna/v Vfssuf PAULINGMANUFAGTURE OF CALCIUM NITRATE FROM AMMNIAGAL GASES Nov. 15,1938,
Filed April 28, '1957 2 sheets-sheet 2 L GASES F'Rfm fia/v /w/a www'@ma/W,
Wawy/f Patented Nov. 15, 1938 PATENT u01:'FICE MANUFACTURE OF CALCIUMNITRATE FROM AMMONIACAL GASES Harry Pauling, Berlin, Germany ApplicationApril 28, 1937, Serial No. 139,583
-In Germany May 19, 1936 Claims.
It is known that the ammonia contained in the gases resulting from thedistillation or gasification of fuels may be converted into ammoniumsulphate vby means of sulphuric acid. Al-
5 though a serviceable `fertilizer is produced directly in this process,the costs fof production of the sulphuric acid are a serious burden onthe cost of manufacture of the ammonium sulphate. Furthermore, thenitrogen in the ammonium in respect of its fertilizer effect, to otherforms of nitrogen, Vmore particularly to nitrate nitrogen. In addition,the ammonium sulphate contains free sulphuric acid which is troublesomeon long storage, particularly in certain lformsof package.
The invention is based fon the problem of converting the ammoniacontained in the gases resulting from the distillation or gasification`of fuels into a high-grade fertilizer, namely, calcium nitrate, andproducing the nitric acid necessary for the absorption of `the ammoniafrom the ammonia itself. For vthis purpose, the gases freed in the usualmanner from iiue dust, tar and hydrogen sulphide, -are treated withaqueous. nitric acid or ammonium nitrate solution containing nitric acidand the ammonium nitrate solution obtained is reacted with burnt lime.There are formed calcium nitrate .solution and gaseous ammonia, whichlatter is converted by catalytic oxidation into the nitric acidnecessary for the absorption of the ammonia.
It isy known that in the action of gaseous `ammonia on nitric acid, mistconsisting of ammom nium nitrate in an extremely finely divided form isvery easily formed. The formation of mist which involves considerabledifficulty in `bringing it into a useful form may be suppressed byemploying dilute nitric acid. The quantity fof `liquor produced,however, is thereby' increased to such an extent that considerableexpenditure vof technical and economical means is required for itsevaporation.
These disadvantages are obviated by the known 45 absorption of ammoniaby means of an ammonium nitrate solution containing nitric acid. Thecontent of nitric acid in the solution depends upon the concentration,of ammonia and is proportioned so that the formation of mist 5() issuppressed.
In the .accompanying drawings there is .shown Figure 1, a flow diagramillustrating .the process disclosed herein; `and in Figure 2, a modifiedform V.of flow diagram.
sulphate occurs in a form which is very inferior,.
In the process vaccording to the invention, absorption takes place in acolumn `or tower operating according to the counter current principle,the gases being introduced at the bottom `and thel liquor at the top.Since the addition of the `nitric acid to the continuously circulatingam* monium nitrate solution takes place at the top of the countercurrent device, the ammonia is removed completely from the gases, evenin the case of a very low acidity of the solution, and a practicallyneutral ammonium nitrate solution is obtained at the lower end of theabsorption path. It is, of course, also possible to treat the quantityof ammonium nitrate solution correspending to the production, with 'theammoniacal gases in a separate absorption stage before thecounter-current device, before the said gases are brought into contactwith the ammonium `nitrate solution containing nitric acid. Thedimensions of the absorption chamber and the gas velocities are adaptedso that the ammonium nitrate solution produced is at least neutral butis preferably somewhat alkaline.
Since the gases to be treatedconta-in'comparatively little ammonia,large volumes of gas have to be dealt with, so that small `quantities ofnitric acid vapour may be entrained `by the gases from the absorptiondevice. In order to avoid `this loss of nitric acid, .the g'ases freedfrom ammonia are sprayed in a Vthird absorption chamber with 'alkalineammonium nitrate solution, so that the last traces of nitric acid areremoved from the gases.
The ammonium nitrate solution produced from the ammonia of the gases isreacted with burnt or slaked lime, if desired at an elevatedtemperalture, which will, of course, be partly produced by the liberatedheat'of reaction. In `this known reaction, calcium nitrate solution isproduced and gaseous ammonia is formed from the ammonium of the ammoniumnitrate.
The escaping ammonia contains water' vapour depending upon thetemperature employed. In
order to obviate the necessity for special steps for drying the ammonia,the ammonia is brought into contact in counter-flow with cold ammoniumnitrate solution for reciprocal action, the water vapour of the ammoniagas being made utilizable for heating the solution, While, in accordancewith the low temperature of the sclum tion flowing in, no more watervapour is left in .the ammonia gas than is admissible or useful for thesubsequent utilization of the ammonia.
According to a further form of carrying out the present process., thelime used for the conversion of the ammonium nitrate into calciumnitrate and ammonia may first be employed for removing the hydrogensulphide which is contained in the gases resulting from the distillationor gasication of fuels. For this purpose, the gases freed in the usualmanner from ue dust and tar are washed or scrubbed with milk of lime ina counter current device. This milk of lime consists of a suspension ofslaked lime in water. During the absorption process, the lime may beadded continuously because the calcium hydro-- sulphide formed from thehydrogen sulphide and calcium hydroxide is very soluble in water.
The gases completely freed from hydrogen sulphide are treated forremoval of the ammonia in the manner described hereinbefore with nitricacid or with an ammonium nitrate solution con-Y taining nitric acid. Theammonium nitrate solution produced is reacted with the calciumhydrosulphide solution, if necessary at an elevated temperature.According to the known reaction calcium nitrate is formed, while boththe ammonia of the ammonium nitrate and the hydrogen sulphide escape inthe form of gas.
Various methods may be employed for separating the ammonia and hydrogensulphide in the gaseous mixture. It depends chiefly upon the nature ofthe process employed for the removal of the hydrogen sulphide whetherthe hydrogen sulphide or the ammonia is rst removed from the gaseousmixture. It is possible, for example, to convert the ammonia into strongammoniacal solution by washing the gaseous mixture with cold water andto obtain from the `ammoniacal solution by the injection of air or gasescontaining oxygen an ammonia-air mixture suitable for catalyticoxidation.
Flow diagrams illustrating the processes disclosed herein areillustrated in the drawings.
The ammoniacal gases are according to Figure 1 passed successively bypiping I, 2 and 3 respectively through the absorption towers 4, and 6.Nitric acid is led through piping 'I into the top of the absorptiontower 5, and ammonium nitrate solution is continuously circulated bymeans of the pump 8 through piping 9 from the bottom of the absorptiontower 5 to the top thereof. The ammonium nitrate solution produced flowsfrom the tower 5 through pipe IIJ' into the tower 4. A part of theammonium nitrate solution leaving tower 4 through pipe I I is returnedby means of the pump I2 through pipe I3 into the absorption tower 6,from which it flows through line I D' into the absorption tower 5. Thegases freed from ammonia leave the tower 6 through pipe I4. The ammoniumnitrate solution produced is led through line I5 into the recticationcolumn I6, and from the column I6 through pipe I'I into the reactionvessel I8. Milk of lime is introduced into the vessel I8 through pipeI9. Ammonia and water vapor leaving the vessel I8 through pipe are ledinto the rectification column I6 from which ammonia leaves through pipe2|, and is carried to an ammonia oxidation and nitric acid plant (notshown). Calcium nitrate solution is led out of the reaction vessel I8through pipe 22.
According to Figure 2, the ammoniacal gases still containing hydrogensulphide, are led through pipe 23 into the absorption tower 24, throughthe top of which milk of lime is introduced by means of the pipe 25. Theammoniacal gases freed from hydrogen sulphide are led from the tower 24through line 26 into the absorption tower 21, into which nitric acid isintroduced through pipe 28. A part of the ammonium nltrate solution maybe continuously returned from the bottom of the absorption tower 2I tothe top thereof by means of the pump 29 through pipes 30 and 3|. Thegases freed from ammonia leave the tower 2'! by means of pipe 32. Theammonium nitrate solution produced, flows through pipe 33 into thereaction vessel 34, into which the calcium hydrosulphide solution isintroduced from the absorption tower 24 by means of pipe 35. Calciumnitrate solution is removed through pipe 36, the ammonia and thehydrogen sulphide escaping out of the vessel 34 through pipe 31. Thegaseous mixture of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide is washed by means ofcold water in the absorption tower 38, the water being introduced to thetop of the tower through pipe 39. Hydrogen sulphide leaves the tower 38through pipe 40, ammonia and water entering tower 42 through pipe 4I,the ammonia being treated in tower 42 by means of air injected throughpipe 43. An ammonia air mixture inv condition for combustion leaves thetower 42 by means of pipe 44. The ammonia still contained in waterleaving the tower 42 through pipe 45 is expelled in the known manner bymeans of steam.
The result of the process according to the invention, therefore,consists in the rst place in the production of a calcium nitratesolution, gaseous ammonia and, if desired, also hydrogen sulphide.
The ammonia is converted in known manner into nitric acid which servesfor the absorption of the ammonia. From the hydrogen sulphide,thiosulphates or sulphur may be obtained for example. For the productionof sulphur, for example, according to a known process, a third of thehydrogen sulphide gas is mixed with air and the hydrogen sulphide isburned to sulphur diexpelled and the calcium nitrate is obtained in aform more suitable for spreading or scattering and storing.
The process is applicable to all gases obtained from bituminous coal,brown coal, peat, similar bituminous fuels, wood and also gas liquor.The latter is deposited for example from the retort gases afterpreliminary condensation of the tar and separation of the ue dust by apre-cooling, ammonia and also hydrogen sulphide being absorbed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatwhat I claim is:-
1. A process for the manufacture of calcium nitrate from the ammoniacalgases resulting from the distillation and gasication of fuels andsimilar ammoniacal gases comprising treating the gases freed from fluedust, tar and hydrogen sulphide with aqueous nitric acid to formammonium nitrate, reacting the ammonium nitrate solution produced bymeans of burnt lime to form calcium nitrate solution and gaseousammonia, and converting said gaseous ammonia by catalytic oxidation intothe nitric acid necessary for the absorption of the ammonia.
Cil
2. A process for the manufacture of calcium nitrate from the ammoniacalgases resulting from the distillation and gasication of fuels andsimilar ammoniacal gases comprising treating the gases freed from liuedust, tar and hydrogen sulphide in a separate stage by means of ammoniumnitrate solution produced in the process, contacting in a second stagethe ammoniacal gases in counter current to ammonium nitrate solutioncontaining nitric acid, and treating in a third stage the gases freedfrom ammonia with alkaline ammonium nitrate solution, reacting theammonium nitrate solution produced Wi .i burnt lime to form calciumnitrate solution and gaseous ammonia, and converting said gaseousammonia by catalytic oxidation into the nitric acid necessary for theabsorption of the ammonia.
3. A process for the manufacture of calcium nitrate as set forth inclaim 1, which comprises the step of bringing the ammonia gas resultingfrom the reaction of the ammonium nitrate solution with lime intocontact in counter flow with the ammonium nitrate solution to beconverted.
4. A process for the manufacture of calcium nitrate from the ammoniacalgases resulting from the distillation and gasification of fuels andsimilar' ammoniacal gases comprising treating the gases freed from fluedust and tar with a suspension of burnt or slaked lime (milk of limo) toform calcium hydrosulphide, subjecting the gases freed from hydrogensulphide to a treatment by means of aqueous nitric acid to form ammoniumnitrate, reacting the solutions of caln cium hydrosulphide and ammoniumnitrate produced, a calcium nitrate solution and a gaseous mixture ofhydrogen sulphide and ammonia being formed.
5. A process for the production of calcium nitrate as set forth in claim4 in Which the gaseous mixture of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia obtainedis Washed by means of cold Water to form a strong ammoniacal solution,treating said solution by means of air to produce an ammonia air mixturesuitable for catalytic oxidation.
6. A process for the manufacture of calcium nitrate from the ammoniacalgases resulting from the distillation and gasification of fuels andsimilar ammoniacal gases comprising treating the gases freed from fluedust and tar with a suspension of burnt or slaked lime to form calciumhydrosulphide, treating the ammoniacal gases thus freed from hydrogensulp-hide in a separate stage with ammonium nitrate solution producedAsubsequently in the process, subjecting the ammonical gases thus formedto counter-current treatment with an ammonium nitrate solutioncontaining nitric acid, to form ammonium nitrate, reacting the solutionsof calcium hydrosulphide and ammonium nitrate produced to form a calciumnitrate solution and a gaseous mixture of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia,and treating the gases freed from ammonia with alkaline ammonium nitratesolution.
7. A process for the manufacture of calcium nitrate from the ammoniacalgases resulting from the distillation and gasification of fuels andsimilar ammoniacal gases comprising treating the gases freed from fluedust, tar and hydrogen sulphide with an ammonium nitrate solutioncontaining nitric acid to form ammonium nitrate, reacting the ammoniumnitrate solution produced' by means of burnt lime to form calciumnitrate solution and gaseous ammonia, and converting said gaseousammonia by catalytic oxidation into the nitric acid necessary for theabsorption of the ammonia.
8. A process. for the manufacture of calcium nitrate from the ammoniacalgases resulting from the distillation and gasification of fuels andsimilar ammoniacal gases comprising treating the gases freed from fluedust and tar with a suspension of burnt or slaked lime to form calciumhydrosulphide, subjecting the gases freed from hydrogen sulphide to atreatment with an ammo'- nium nitrate solution containing nitric acid toform ammonium nitrate, reacting the solutions of calcium hydrosulphideand ammonium nitrate produced, a calcium nitrate solution and a gaseousmixture of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia being formed.
9. A process for the production of calcium nitrate as set forth in claim8, in which the gaseous mixture of hydrogen sulphide and ammoniaobtained is Washed by means of cold water to form a strong ammoniacalsolution, treating such solution by means of air to produce anammonia-air mixture suitable for catalytic oxidation.
10. A process for the manufacture of calcium nitrate from the ammoniacalgases resulting from the distillation and gasification of fuels andsimilar ammoniacal gases comprising treating the gases freed from fluedust and tar with a suspension of burnt or slaked lime to form calciumhydrosulphide, treating the ammoniacal gases free from hydrogen sulphidein a separate stage by means of ammonium nitrate solution, subjectingthe gases freed from hydrogen sulphide to counter-current treatment withan ammonium nitrate solution containing nitric acid, to form ammoniumnitrate, reacting the solutions of calcium hydrosulphide and ammoniumnitrate produced, a calcium nitrate solution and a gaseous mixture ofhydrogen sulphide and ammonium being formed, and treating in a separatestage the gases freed from ammonia with alkaline ammonium nitratesolution.
HARRY PAULING.
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2024-03-22
|
1937-04-28
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1938-11-15"
}
|
US-28935119-A
|
Commutator and battery-charging outfit including the same
. D. S. SCARBOROUGH. COMMUTATOR AND BATTERY CHARGING OUTFIT INCLUDINGTHE SAME. APPLICATION FILED APR. H, I919.
1,421,998. Patentd July 4, 1922.
3 SHEETS-SHEET l.
amntoz D. S. SCARBOROUGH.
CGMMUTATOR AND-BATTERY CHARGING OUTFIT mcLuoma THE-SAME.
APPLiCATlON FILED APR. H, I919.
' 1 1 2 9 Patented July 4, 1922.
3 SHEETS-SHEETJ.
3&9 9'. I
Siorag'e Bait/v 1 D. S. SCARBOROUGH. commumon AND BATTERY era/meme ourmINCLUDING THESAME. APPLiCATION FILED APR- 1919. 1,421,998, Patented July4, 1922 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
- amntoz 07162262. flfi carborou gh I I '7 m myfm QRHIMWM ea GammaUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
DONALD s. SCARBOROUGH, onscunon is, iurssonnr, assrcnon T0 1mm; Donnos,or
. EAST ST. LOUIS, ILLINOIS.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented July 4, 1922.
Application filed April 11, 1918. Serial No. 289,35 1.
To all w 7mm it may concern Be it known that I, DONALD S. SonnnonoUcH, acitizen of the United States, residingat St. Louis. in the county of St.Louis and State'of Missouri, have invented new and useful Improvementsin Commutators and Battery-Charging Outfits Including the Same, of whichthe following is a specification.
One of the objects of my present invention is the provision of acommutator in which short circuiting is averted and loss of currentthereby prevented.
Another object of the invention is the pro vision of a battery-chargingoutfit that is at once simple and efficient by virtue of the employmentin the manner disclosed of an automatic cut-out or relay in combinationwith the rectifier and the storage battery, the rectifier including mynovel commutator.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a commutator ofimproved and advantageous construction. I
Another object is the provision of a construction which as a whole isadapted for use to advantage upon Ford and other automobiles.
Other'objects' and practical advantages oi the invention will be fullyunderstood from the following description and claims when the same areread in connection with the drawings, accompanying and forming part ofthis specification, in which:
Figure 1 is a front view-illustrative oi the arrangement of one specificembodiment of my invention on a Ford automobile.
Figure 2 is a transverse section taken in the plane indicated by theline 2-2 of Figure 1. I
Figure 3 is a diagrammatical section through the rectifier. I
Figure 4.- is a diagrammatic view illustrative" of the generalarrangement.
Figure 5 is a detail view of the rectifier.
same;
Figure 7 is a detail section showing the intermediate brush and brushholder of the arrangement.
Similar numerals of reference designate corresponding parts in all ofthe views of the drawings.
" For convenience of description, reference Figure 6 is a fragmentarysection of the will first be had to the diagrammatic view,-
Figure 4;, wherein 1 is a magneto, 2 a rectifier for changing thealternating current into a direct current, 3 the positive terminal ofthe rectifier, 4 the negative terminal of said rectifier, 5 a storagebattery, 6 a relay or automatic cutout, 7 and 8 relay points, and 9 atesting medium, such, for instance, as an ammeter, which latter ispreferably, though not necessarily, employed. The relay 6 comprises amagnetic corelO and an armature 11, subject to the action of a spring12. The positive terminal 3 of the rectifier is connected through a wire13 with the armature 11, and from said wire 18 leads a short wire 14that merges into a shunt coil 15 about the core 10, which shunt coil 15'merges into a wire 16 that leads to the negative pole of the battery, asindicated. Intermediate the negative terminal 4 of the rectifier and apoint between the coil 15 and the storage battery, is a wire 17. Thecontact 7 is connected electrically through wires or other conductorsand the ammeter 9, or through a conductor alone with a reverse currentcoil 18, disposed about the core 10 and merging into a wire or otherconductor 19 that is connected as indicated with the positive pole ofthe bat- 13 and 14:, the shunt coil 15 and the wire 17 to the negativerectifier terminal 4. When, however, the speed of the engine increasesand the voltage of current passing from the rectifier becomes greaterthan that of the battery, the increased current passing through theshunt coil 15 magnetizes the core '10 so that the magnetismof the polepieces of the core 10 overcomes the tension of the spring 12 and drawsthe armature 11' to the core, thereby drawing and holding the contact 8against the contact 7. Positive current then passes from the rectifierterminal 3 through the wire 13, the armature 11, the points 8 and 7, theamineter 9, the reverse current coil 18 and the wire or other conductor19 to the positive pole of the battery. Such current passes through theplates of the battery and through the negative pole thereof, and then byway of the conductors l6 and 17 to the negative terminal 1 of therectifier. This condition obtains until the voltage of the currentsupplied by the magneto "falls below that of the battery, when thecurrent from the battery accumulates in the reverse current coil 18 andthereby neutralize the polarity oi the poles of the magnet or core 10,whereupon the spring 12 will pull the armature to the position shown inFigure 4, and thereby separate the contact 8 from the contact 7. Whenthe speed oil? the engine is again increased and the voltage supplied.by the magneto reaches a point above that oil the voltage of thebattery, the operation described is repeated. I prefer to employ anammeter or some other testing medium in the relation described, but I donot desire to be understood as confining myself to the employment of atesting medium.
In 'Figure 1, I show the pre erred, specific construction of thebattery-charging outfit part of my invention, and by reference to saidfigure it will be understood that 20 is the cover of a timing gear case.21 is a breather pipe or oil cup, 22 is a timer and 23 is a flat springwhich holds the timer in the ordinary well known manner. In furtheranceof my invention 1 :torm a housing 24 integral with the cover 20, and Ialso provide the said housing with a clamping portion 25, Figures 1 andThe low and comparatively large portion of the housing 24; is arrangedover a miter gear 26 fixed on the crank shaft 27 ol a Ford or othersuitable automobile engine. The said shaft is shown as equipped with apin. as for the application of a starting crank, but this of course isnot of my invention. Journaled in a bushing 29 that is held in the clampportion 25 of the housing 24;. Figure 3, is a commutator shaft 30,having at its lower end a miter gear 3i, inl'iernieshed with the gear26. The said shaft 30 is preferably connected through gearing with a fanshaft 32, journaled in a bracket portion on the housing 241 so as toutilize the shaft 30 For the driving of the tan sh alt, and in that waycontribute to the simplicity and compactness of the installation as awhole. At an intermediate point, Figure 3,
. and above the bushing 29, the shaft 30 is equipped with an abutment 3tand at its upper end the shaft is threadech as shown, to receive a nut35. Surrounding the a-liiutment 34; and superimposed on the bushing 29is an insulating annulus 36 which. ai gether with the upper portion ofthe sha lit is disposed in the rectifier casing 37, Surrounding andcarried by the said annulus 36 is a collector ring 38 WhlCl'). formspart 01 the rotary member of my novel commutator. In addition to thesaid collector ring 38, the rotary commutator member coinprises a head39 electrically connected through the shaft 30 with the gronnch clampmembers 40 arranged againstthe opposed sides of the annulus 36 and thehead 39 bolts 41 connecting the said clamp members, and live conductivesegments 4-2 and interposed between the ribbed nniirginal portions ofthe Clflnlplllg members 4-0 and separated therefrom by insulation i/land also separated iron) the alterimte and (Olllptll'il tively narrowdead segments 42 .5 (see dotted lines in J' igure 3 and full lines inFigu re 6) by mica or other suitable insulation 16. The segments 42, 4Band 4-,?) are 1nreterably of? copper, and the segments 42 and 41:3 arear ranged. in alternate relation with dead ments 45. More specifically adead seg ment 4:5 is interposed. between each pair of live segments and1-3. Figure 3 makes clear the fact that the segments "12 contact withthe collector ring 38, but are isolated from the grounding head 39;also. the tart that the segments ii -l contact with the grounding head39 but are isolatml from the collector ring 38.
As will be readily understood by comparison of Figures 1 and 3, therectifier case 37 is sleeved at 50 and has said sleeve arranged in theclamp portion 25 ot the housing 347. From this it follows that byloosening the nut on the bolt :31, the casing is rendered free to berotated about the axis of the rotary member of the commutator for theready adjustment or setting of the brushes 60 61 and ('32. all of whichare preferably of carbon. l lach brush is disposed in a holder ('33 andbacked by a spring 64-, and each brush holder ca is disposed in abushing 6:51 carried by the case 37. 1 would also have it unden stood atthis point that each oil? the brushes 0 and G1 has the width of itsinner end determined by the distance between the live segments 42 and4&3. In other words, the innelends oil each brush 60 and 61 issufficiently wide to span the interposed dead segment 4:5 and theinsulating portions 46 at the opposite sides of the same, so that as onesegment 4-2 or 43 passes out of engagement with the inner end of onebrush 60 or 61 the following segment 1201' 18 will have reached aposition in contact with the inner end of the brush 60 or 61. Manifestlywhen desired, instead of merely contacting with the ground head 39, asshown in Figure 3, the segments 43 may be permanently connected in anyapproved manner to the head 39. Likewise in lieu of having the segments42 contact with the collector ring 38, as shown in Figure said segments12 may be permanently connected. with the collector ring 38, withoutinvolving departure from the scope of my claimed invention. I prefer,however, to employ the construction. shown in Figure 3, because itmaterially facilitates the assembly of the parts that enter into therotary member of the commutator. The interposition of the dead segmentsbetween the live segments 42 and 4:3 is a highly important feature of mynovel commutator, in-
asmuch as they assure a quick switch action,
and in that Way eliminate short circuiting and sparking and consequentwastage of current. Obviously acommutator characterized as just statedmay be used to material advantage in electrical installations other thanbattery-charging outfits.
The terminals of the brushes 61 and 60 or the before mentioned terminals3 and 4, respectively, and the terminal 70 of the brush (52 iselectrically connected to a wire 71 or other suitable means with themagneto as shown diagrammatically in Figure 4.
Experience has demonstrated that with the rotary member of thecommutator driven from the working part of an engine, short circuitingand sparking in the commutator is practically eliminated, and thatbecause of this and the reliable action of the relay or automaticcut-out 10, the battery 5 will be adequately charged, whenever the sameis necessary.
\Vhile the battery is charging, the reverse current coil 18 holds thearmature without loss of current passing through the shunt claim anddesire to secure by Letters-Patent, 1s:
1. The combination of a cover, a housing integral with said cover andhaving a comparatively large lower portion and a sleeve extendingupwardly from said lower portion and provided with an upper clampportion, a shaft having a miter gear interposed in the lower portion ofthe housing, a shaft disposed in the sleeve portion of the housingandhaving a miter gear intermeshed with that of the first-named portion, acommutator rotor fixed on the second-named shaft, above the housing, anda casing carrying brushes opposed to said rotor member and having aportion disposed in the clamp portion of the housing, whereby the casingmay be turned about the second-named shaft for the adjustment or settingof the brushes.
2. A rotary commutator member comprising a shaft having an abutment, aninsulating annulus surrounding said abutment, a collector ringsurrounding said annulus, a ground head surrounding the shaft and spacedfrom said abutment and annulus, clamp members surrounding the shaft andconnected together in spaced relation between the abutment and theground head and having inwardly extending clamping portions, and livesegments and dead segments having dove-tail portions interposed be tweenand held by said inwardly extending portions of the clamp members, someof the live segments being in electrical connection with the collectorring and the alternate live segments in electrical connection with theground head, and the dead segments being interposed between thealternate live segments and insulated therefrom. and all of the segmentsbeing adapted for opposition to brush means.
In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.
DONALD S. SCARBOROUGH.
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2024-03-22
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1919-04-11
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1922-07-04"
}
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US-10075249-A
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N, n'-di(2, 2, 2-trinitroethyl) ethylene urea and method of production
United States Patent 3,035,062 N,N'-DI(2,2,2-TRINITROETHYL) ETHYLENEUREA AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION Howard A. Hageman, Euglewood, NJ.,assignor to United States Rubber Company, New York, N.Y., a corporationof New Jersey No Drawing. Filed June 22, 1949, Ser. No. 100,752 2Claims. (Cl. 260309.7)
This invention relates to a new chemical compound,N,N'-di(2,2,2-trintiroethyl) ethylene urea, and to a method of makingthe same.
Although intro-aliphatic compounds have been proposed for theformulation of explosives, their number and types have been restrictedby the lack of a simple method for introducing a multiplicity of nitrogroups into the compound and by the frequent instability of theproducts.
I have now unexpectedly discovered that two mols of trinitromethane canbe readily condensed with one mol of N,N'-dimethylol ethylene urea toyield a new chemical which is useful as an explosive,N,N'-di(2,2,2-trinitroethyl) ethylene urea.
The equation for the reaction is as follows:
3,035,062 Patented May 15, 1962 ice The reaction may conveniently becarried out by heating N,N'-dimethylol ethylene urea with two mols oftrinitromethane, in the presence of a lower alkanol, such as methanol,as the reaction medium. The reaction may 5 be eifected at the boilingpoint of the mixture.
My invention may be illustrated in more detail by the following example.
Example 20. 4 Found 20. 5
Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:
1. As a new chemical, N,N'-di(2,2,2-trinitroethyl) ethylene urea.
2. The method which comprises condensing trinitromethane withN,N'-dimethylol ethylene urea and thereby formingN,N'-di(2,2,2-t1initroethyl) ethylene urea.
No references cited.
1. AS A NEW CHEMICAL, N,N''-DI(2,2,2-TRINITYROETLHYL) ETHYLENE UREA.
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2024-03-22
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1949-06-22
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1962-05-15"
}
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US-39519829-A
|
Artificially colored motor fuel
Patented Dec. 13, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JULIUS HYMAN, OICHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGN'OR TO THE PURE OIL COMPANY, OF
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF OHIO ARTIFICIALLY COLORED MOTOR FUELNo Drawing.
The present invention relates broadly to hydrocarbon fuels for internalcombustion object of the present invention to provide an artificiallycolored motor fuel wherein provi-. sion is made for causing the fuel toretain its desired appearance or color values for extended periods oftime.
There is in common practice at present among refineries and distributorsof gasoline the use of oil soluble coloring materials, such as anilinedyes, as ingredientsin some of the gasolines or motor fuels nowobtainable on the market. Usually, such colors have as their purpose theidentification of the gasoline in question.
Due to differences in coloring power, some colors or dyes are moreadvantageously used than others. Substantially all oil colors or dyes,however,-lose their coloring power to a greater or lesser extent uponexposure in solution, and, generally, this decrease in coloring power isknown as bleaching. For'example, sunlight appears to be the most activeof the natural bleaching catalysts or agents, although materials presentin the atmosphere, such as ozone, are believed to exert similar,although not so pronounced, effects.
I have found that certain materials, added to the gasoline or othermotor fuel spirit, will retard the bleaching of oil soluble colors 5 toa greater or less degree, depending on the nature and relative amountspresent of the anti-bleach and dye, the nature of the motor spirit andthe intensity of the bleaching catalyst. I have found further, thatthese anti-bleaches or color stabilizing agents are the same materialswhich will reduce the activity of organic per-acids, either by reductionto the normal acid or by salt formation.
Among the anti-bleach materials above described are, on the one hand,reducing compounds such as ca-techol and many other hydroxyandamino-derivatives of benzol and, on the other hand, ammonia and itsderivatives. Inasmuch as only small amounts of these materials need beadded to the motor Application filed September 25, 1929. Serial No.395,198.
fuel for complete effectiveness, the additional cost is very slight andmarked advantages obtained, especially where the motor fuel or gasolineis exposed to light and air in, for example, the measuring cylinders offilling station or garage pumps.
As the amount of anti-bleach material used will be determined largely byits cost and solubility, it is not considered necessary or advisable toplace herein any specific limitations on the amount of the material tobe used, nor is the invention limited in its scope to the specificanti-bleach materials above mentioned, since the invention includeswithin its purview the employment of any materials which reduce theactivity of organic per-acids and any desired proportion of thematerials to the li uids under treatment to obtain the ends speci ed.
Having thus described this invention, what I claim is:
1. A fuel composed essentially of volatile hydrocarbons for use ininternal combustion engines containing a soluble coloring matternormally tending to lose its coloring power under conditions of storageand an anti-agent tending to stabilize such color deterioration.
2. The method of stabilizing the characteristics of artificially coloredhydrocarbon motor fuel oils of the type containing soluble coloringmatter and which tend to deteriorate in color upon exposure to light andair, which comprises adding thereto prior to such deterioration a smallproportion of a hydroxyaromatic compound sufiicient to reduce theactivity of organic per-acids present in said oil'and inhibit loss ofthe desired color there- 0 3. The process of inhibiting. loss of colorin artificially dyed gasolines containing soluble unstable coloringcompounds normally tending to fade upon storage, which comprises mixingtherewith and dissolving therein a hydroxy-aromatic compound insuflicient quantities to substantially inhibit bleaching.
or loss of desired color of the gasoline.
' 4. A gasoline for use in internal combustion engines, said gasolinehaving a non-antioxidant coloring substance therein, said coloringsubstance being unstable and an anti-oxidant hydroxy-benzol insufficient amount to stabilize said coloring substance.
5. A fuel composed essentially of volatile hydrocarbons for use ininternal combustion engines containing a soluble coloring matternormally tending to fade upon storage and a color stabilizing agentcomprising catechol.
6. A fuel composed essentially of volatile hydrocarbons for use ininternal combustion engines containing a soluble coloring matternormally tending to fade upon storage and a color stabilizing agentcomposed of amino derivatives.
7. A gasoline for use in internal combustion engines, said gasolinehaving a non-antioxidant coloring substance therein, said coloringsubstance being unstable and an antioxidant amino-benzol in sufiicientamount to stabilize" said coloring substance.
8. A fuel composed essentially of Volatile hydrodarbons for use ininternal combustion engines containing a soluble coloring matternormally tending to fade upon storage and a color stabilizing agentcomprising ammonia.
In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.
JULIUS HYMAN.
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2024-03-22
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1929-09-25
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1932-12-13"
}
|
US-1906343147-A
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Can-labeling machine.
No. 874,012. PAIENTED DEO.1'7, 1907.
J. KAIN. CAN LABELING MACHINE.
APPLICATION FILED NOV. l2 1906.
4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.
No.'874,012. PATENTED DEG. 17, 1907.
J. H.KAIN.
CAN LABELING MACHINE. Arrmonxon [mam xov.1 2,1aos.
4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
l ilm m2 NORRIS PETERS cm. wasumurom n. 9
PATENTED DEC. 17, 1907.
4 BEEETSBHEI1T 3.
bwewto'a 7n: Nam-us PETERS Lo, wnssmcrau. 1: c.
J. H. KAIN.
CAN LABELING MACHINE. APPLIOTION FILED NOV. 12 1906.
4 SHEETS- SHEET 4.
awantoz ilo-i hwaaea THE NKRRIS PETERS cm, WAsHINGToN. n. c
PATENTED 1130117, 1901' UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIoE.
JOHN HARVEY KAIN, OF MILFORD, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO DENIS A. REIDY, OFCINCINNATI,
OHIO.
CAN-LABELING MACHINE.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented. Dec. 17, 1907.
Application filed November 12,1906. Serial No. 3431147.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, JOHN H. KAIN, a citizen of the United States,residing at Milford, in the county of Olermont and State of Ohio, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Can-Labeling Machines,of
which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to an improved canlabeling machine.
The object of the invention is to produce a gravity actuated device,which shall be automatic in its operation and invariable in result.
Other objects of the invention relate to the mechanisms for applyingcement to the can, to feeding the labels uniformly, and to pasting theedges of the labels.
Other objects of the invention relate to features of adjustability,whereby a given machine may be used with various sizes and diameters ofcans and various sizes and thicknesses of labels.
Various other features of my invention are more fully set forth in thedescription of the accompanying drawings, forming a part of thisspecification, in which:
Figure lis a side elevation of my improved can-labeling machine. Fig. 2is an enlarged section on line 7 y, Fig. 1, of the label feedingmechanism. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view of the adjusting mechanismfor adjusting the feed for various thickness of labels. Fig. 4 is asection on line w, w, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an enlarged section on line 1),Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is an enlarged section on line M, Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is anenlarged section on line w, :20, Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a central verticalsection through the upper or body portion of my can labeler. Fig. 9 is adetail top plan view of the mechanism employed for actuating the vari-'ous feeds, paste and cement devices initial to a labeling operation.Fig. 10 is a section on line a, Fig. 9. Fig. 11'is a side-elevation ofthe label paste applying mechanism. Fig. 12 is a top plan view of thesame. Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the'label paste applying brush.Fig. 14 is a detail side elevation of the label guide for properlymaintaining the labels in position on the table.
The device sets on legs 1, 2, secured to the frame 3. To the frontportion of the frame 3, (Fig. 5), is pivotally connected a cross piece5, having a vertical sleeve 6, in which sleeve is adjustably mounted astem 7, upon the upper end of which is secured the front rail support 8.
9 is the thumb screw for locking said vertical adjustment.
10 represents the rear end rail support, (see Fig. 6).
11 represents a screw, the opposite ends of which are journaled insupport 8.
12 represents a similar screw in support 1O.
13 represents the left hand can rail having screw threaded engagementwith screws 11, 12.
14 represents the right hand can rail through which pass non-screwthreaded ends of screws 11 and 12. These rails form an inclined can-wayor track.
15 represents sprocket wheels on the left hand outer ends of saidscrews. They are connected by sprocket chain to rotate in unison.
16 represents a hand wheel for rotating one of the screws,and throughthe sprocket chain and wheels it actuates the other screw, so adjustingrail 13, relative to rail 14, to properly gage the track for differentsizes of cans.
The stem may be set to adjust the pitch of the can rail incline, andthus determine the rate of travel of the can down the incline.
I will first describe the device for applying the glue or cement to thecan.
17 represents a shaft journaled in the rails 13, 14. Fixed to shaft 17between the rails are the fingers 18, having bifurcated ends 19, seeFigs. 8 & 9.
20 represents a glue pot supported by the rails under fingers 18.
21 represents another shaft journaled in the rails in rear of shaft 17.
22 represents glue applying fingers fixed to shaft .21, with their outerends under the bifurcated ends 19. Fingers 22 have front extensions 23,engaging under the sides of fingers 18.
The outer end of shaft 21 has a crank arm 24 to which is connected acoil spring 25 at one end, the opposite end of the spring being fastenedto an adjusting screw supported to one of the rails.
Fingers 18 normally extend at an angle to the incline of the rails andin position to be engaged by the downwardly rolling can so that theweight of the can presses the fingers down to position coincident withthe inclme, at the same time fingers 18 raise fingers 22 from the gluepot and apply glue to the portion of the can periphery exposed throughbifurcations 19. Fingers 18 form a track for the can at their front endscontinuous with the front end of the can-way incline and they preferablyextend in a horizontal plane, or else at such an angle to the inclinethat the inertia of the moving can will roll it over these fingers ortrack so that its travel down the incline is practically uninterrupted.
f Idwill now describe the label support and 'ee 26 represents the platensupporting a pile of labels. It is located below the can ceme'ntingdevices. The top label is substantially flush with the bottom of theincline so that the can will contact the top most label, and the labelwill attach itself to glued portions of the can. It is necessary to liftthe platen after each pasting operation so as to maintain a constantlevel of the labels. To accomplish this movement, I provide thefollowing devices, (see Figs. 1, 7 and 8).
27 represents a bracket adjustably secured to the slide-way 28 of rail14. The bracket depends below the incline and forms a support for theplaten feeding devices. The object of its lateral adjustability on rail14, is to regulate its distance relative to the can cementing deviceswhen different sizes of cans and labels are employed. J ournaled in thebottom extension 29 of bracket 27 are two screws 30, 31, the upper endsof which are screw threaded into two sleeves 32, 33, and platen 26, (seeFig. 7), is pivotally secured to the upper ends of said sleeves.
34, 35, represent sprocket wheels fixed to the lower ends of screws 30,31, they are connected by sprocket chain 36, (see Fig. 2).
37 represents a ratchet wheel fixed to the lower end of screw 30.
38 represents an oscillating arm fulcrumed on screw 30, pawl 39 beingpivoted to said arm and spring controlled so that the oscillation of thearm rotates the ratchet wheel in one direction and feeds the platen 26up wardly at a regular uniform speed depending on the thickness of thelabel. To oscillate arm 38, I provide the following devices :41represents a crank arm on the outer end of shaft 17, (see Fig. 1).
40 represents a link pivoted to arm 41 at one end and to link 42 at theother end. Link 42 is slidable in ears 43 on bracket 27.
44 represents a slotted bar formed on the bracket 27, the walls of theslot having the gage indications 45. In this slot is adjustably secureda fulcrum plate 46 through which is inserted a stud 47.
48 represents a lever passing through stud 47, the upper end of lever 48being pivoted to the link 42, while the lower end of said lever ispivoted to a link 49, which link is in turn pivoted to arm 38.
50 represents a collar engaging over the outer end of stud 47, see Fig.4, its upper and lower peripheral edges seating against the outside faceof lever 48 see Fig. 3.
51 represents a clamping nut.
When lever 48 oscillates the stud 47 jou1' nals in block 46. When nut 51is loosened the fulcrum block may be adjusted vertically in the slot ofbar 44 and then clamped to the lever 48, to secure the fulcrum in itsposition. By this means the length of the stroke of oscillating arm 38may be adjusted, and therefore the feed of the platen can be adjusted atwill to suit the thickness of labels employed, and to adapt it to allconditions.
It is obvious that a can rolling over fingers 18 will oscillate shaft17, and through the link, lever, pawl, ratchet and screw mech anismsabove described, impart an upward feed to the platen 26, so that eachcan actuates the cement applying and the label feeding devices in itstravel down the incline.
52 represents a coil spring connected to rail 14 and to arm 40 forretracting the mechanism.
By means of the two sets of gravity actuated mechanism just described,two streaks of cement may be applied to the can at places correspondingto the positions of the top and bottom edges of the labels.
The uppermost label will adhere to the can rolling over it. It is stillnecessary to glue together the opposite edges of the label which overlapwhen the label is wrapped around the can. These devices for gluing theoverlapping label edges are also automatically actuated by the gravityof the can, and they consist in the following instrumentalities 53represents a second glue or paste receptacle, (see Figs. 8, 11 & 12),located under the rails 13, 14, below the label support secured tobracket 27.
54 represents a shaft journaled in rear of pot 53. Fixed to said shaftis an outer crank arm 55, pivoted to the rear end of link 42, (see Fig.1), by which means rock shaft 54 is oscillated every time a can passesover and actuates fingers 18.
56 represents a pair of crank arms fixed to shaft 54 between the rails.
57 represents a cam bracket attached to and projected above the rearedge of the glue pot 53.
58 represents a pair of lever arms pivoted at their rear ends to arms56, their front ends being connected by a cross piece 59, from the loweredge of which projects a lip 60, of any suitable flexible material forapplying glue to the labels. Bracket 57 has cam slot or groove 61. Arms58 have a tierod 62 one end of which slides in said camway see Fig. 12.The labels 63 rest on the platen just in front of the glue receptacle53, and the uppermost label is pressed against the lip 64.
65 represents a finger pivoted to bracket 57, the front ends having theinturned lug 66, which lies in the front end of cam-way 61.
67 represents a spring tripping arm fixed to the pivoted end of finger65, and depending downwardly into position where they will be engaged bythe tripping crank arm 68, when shaft 54 is rocked.
69 represents a glue roller in pot 53, having a ratchet endfixedthereto.
71 represents a .pawl, the front end of which engages ratchet 70, therear end being pivoted to the crank arm 56.
The rear end of cam-way 61 is inclined u wardly and of a diameter to fitthe rod 62. The front end of said cam-way is large enough to allow theend of rod 62 to pass over and under the lug 66. When shaft 54 isrocked, the glue strip 60 will be raised from contact with roll 69, thecam mechanism will push the strip 60 forward and clear over the pile oflabels, the clearance being affected by the rod 62 riding over andbeyond lug 66 when lip 60 drops upon the edge of the upper label. Thecrank trip arm 68 will engage spring arm 67 and raise finger 65 liftingthe lug 66 in cam-way 61, allowing rod 62 to retract along the loweredge of cam-way 61 and thus rearwardly dragging the lip over the rearedge of the label. This retraction also retracts pawl 71 turning glueroll 69 intermittently in one direction of rotation.
The shaft 54 and the glue applying devices 59, 60, lie and operate underthe rails 13, 14, and are made wide enough to correspond with the Widestlabel to be used. When rail 13 is adjusted it moves over these devices.
It is desirable to have the fingers 18, and glue applying fingers,adjacent to the rails 13, and 14, owing to the end rims of the cam,extending the thickness of the metal beyond the periphery of the body ofthe can. To simultaneously move one set of fingers 18 and glue fingers22 with the moving rail 13, when the gage of the track can-way is to beadjusted, the following mechanism is employed. The shaft sleeves of bothfinger 18 and 22, adjacent to the rail 13, are provided with a groove72, (see Fig. 10).
73 represents a late fixed to the rail 13 'having an upwarcly projectingflange 74,
adapted to seat into the groove of the sleeves of said fingers. Thus asthe rail 13 is adjusted laterally it will likewise carry with it thefingers aforesaid.
In order to keep in alinement the labels upon the table, the followingmechanism is provided:
75 represents a guide rod fixed to the bracket 27, (see Fig. 7). One ormore of such guide rods may be employed as desired. 76 represents guiderods fixed to the glue receptacle support 77 at the rear end of thelabel platen, 78, 79, represent guide rods longitudinally adjustablymounted upon the rail 13, (see Figs. 7, 8 and 14). The adjustment of theguide rods 78, 79, is accomplished by the following mechanism- 80represents a rail fixed to rail 13 upon which the guide rod plate 81 isslidably mounted, said guide rods 78, 79, being fixed to said plate 81.82 represents a lock nut for securely locking the plate 81 in itsadjusted position. The adjustment of these guide rods is necessary whenan adjustment of the platen 26 is made. To provide for the adjustment ofrail 13, the platen has transverse slots 85, (see Fig. 7), through whichextends the rods 7 8, 79. The platen is wide enough to sup ort thewidest label to be used, and when rai 13 is adjusted, it moves over theleft hand edge of the platen.
After the label has been applied to the can it is desirable to have thecans travel over a smoothing table to take out such wrinkles as mayappear in a labeling operation and neatly bind the overlapping edges ofthe label. This, is accomplished by means of a pad 83 of felt or rubberor flexible material spanned between the rails 13 and 14 over which thecans after they have been labeled roll before leaving the can labelingmachine. The can-way deviates from the incline at 84, where it passesover the platen, so that the periphery of the can only contacts thefront edge of the u per label. Therefore the first label edge ad ieresto the can, and as the can progresses it lifts this attached edge abovethe level of the top of the labels, so that the further rolling of thecan over the platen, strips the upper label from the top of the pile,the can not resting on the pile at all. By this means it is insured thatthe can will only pick up one label at a time.
Thus Ihave produced a gravity actuated can-labeling machine. The canplaced on the inclined canway rolls down the same and actuates by itsown gravity, at proper relative intervals, the mechanisms which applyglue to the can, feed the labels, and paste the overlapping edges of thelabels. Therefore all the operator has to do is to place the cans on thetop of the inclined can-way, and the ensuing operations are entirelyautomatic;
The rate of travel of the can can be suitably regulated by adjusting thepitch of the incline. Also the gage of the can-way can be adjusted byshifting the movable rail 13, and this rail 13 can be shifted Withoutinter fering with the devices for gluing the can, with the platen forsupporting the labels, with the platen feed, or with the devices forgluing the labels. The length of feed of the platen at each operationmay also be adjusted to suit whatever thickness of labels are to beemployed. And all of these various adjustments by means of which themachine is made universal can be effected without interfering with theoperating parts.
Having described my invention, I claim 1. In a can labeling machine, aninclined can-way, can-gluing, label-feeding and labelgluing devices, andmeans actuated by the gravity of the can adapted to simultaneouslyoperate said devices, substantially as described.
2. In a can labeling machine, an inclined can-way, a main actuatingmember operated by the gravity of the can, can-gluing, labelfeeding andlabel-gluing devices, all connected to and operated by said mainactuating member, substantially as described.
3. In a can-labeling machine, a can-way, a
platen adapted to support a pile of labels with the upper label in thepath of can travel, a platen feed consisting of screw, pawl and ratchet,and lever mechanism, a member actuated by the moving can adapted toreciprocate said lever, and means for adjusting the fulcrum of theleverage so as to regulate the amount of feed, substantially asdescribed.
4. Ina can-labeling machine, an inclined can-way, a rock shaft having arocking member projected from the can-way and adapted to be rocked bythe rolling can, a glue device actuated thereby to apply glue to theperiphery of the can, a platen located below the gluing device andadapted to su port a pile of labels with the upper label in t 1e path ofcan travel, a platen feed, connections between said rock shaft andplaten feed adapted to raise the platen each time a can passes over therocking member, a label pasting device located in rear of the labels,and mechanism connected to and operated by the said rock shaft adaptedto apply glue to the rear edge of the uppermost label at each operation, substantially as described.
5. In a can-labeling machine, a can-way, a bracket adjustably attachedto said way, a platen, platen feed mechanism, and a gluing device inrear of the platen attached to said bracket, whereby said platen feedand gluing devices may be adjusted as a unit relative to the can-way andmeans actuated by the can for operating said feeding and gluing devices,substantially as described.
6. In a can-labeling machine, a pair of rails forming an inclinedcan-way, a pair of rocking fingers pivoted in the can-way and projectedat an angle therefrom, a glue retort, a pair of glue applying fingerspivoted to the can-way with their outer ends lying normally in theretort, means for retracting said members to normal position after thecan has passed, connections between said rocking fingers and gluingfingers, adapted to interpose the latter into the can-way when therocking fingers are actuated by the can, one of said rails beingadjustable relative to the other, one of the rocking fingers and oneofthe glue applying fingers being connected to and movable with theadjustable rail, substantially as described.
7. In a can-labeling machine, an inclined can-way, a pair of rockingfingers pivoted in the can-way and projected at an angle therefrom, theouter ends of said fingers being bifurcated, a pair of glue applyingfingers pivoted to the can-way, a glue retort under the can-way in whichthe outer ends of the gluing fingers lie, means for holding the saidrocking fingers normally at an angle to the canway, connections betweenthe rocking and gluing applying fingers, the said fingers being sodisposed that when a can depresses the rocking fingers into the plane ofthe incline, the gluing fingers will be presented to the can through thebifurcated ends of the rocking fingers, substantially as described.
8. In a can-labeling machine, an inclined can-way, a spring actuatedmember pivoted to the can-way and extended at an angle thereto, so as tobe depressed by the rolling can, devices actuated by the depressing ofsaid member adapted to apply glue to the periphery of the can, means forsupporting labels in the path of the moving can, and means for gluingthe edges of the labels actuated by the depressing of said member,substantially as described.
9. In a can-labeling machine, an inclined can-way, a spring controlledmember supported by the can-way in the path of can travel, and adaptedto be depressed by the can, a label supporting platen, a screw mechanismfor raising and lowering the platen, a pawl and ratchet mechanism foroperating the screw in one direction, a lever for oscillating the pawl,connections between said lever and depressing member, whereby the canactuates the platen feed, and means for shifting the fulcrum of saidlever so as to adjust the length of the platen feed, substantially asdescribed.
10. In a can-labeling machine, an inclined can-way, means for supportingthe labels in the path of the can, a gluing device supported in rear ofthe label support, said devices comprising a rotary glue roll, a glueapplying member normally contacting the same, and lying out of the pathof the can cam and lever mechanism adapted to raise the gluing deviceover the labels and in the path of the can travel to rub the glueapplying member against the rear edge of the top label, and adapted toretract the gluing member into its normal position and means actuated bythe can rolling down the incline, adapted to operate said glue applyingdevices, substantially as described.
I 11. In a can-labeling machine, an inclined canway, means forsupporting the labels in the path of the can, a gluing device supportedin rear of the label support, said devices comprising a rotary glueroll, a glue applying member normally contacting the same, cam and levermechanism adapted to rub the glue applying member against the rear edgeof the top label, means actuated by the can rolling down the inclineadapted to operate said glue applying devices, and means also actuatedby the can rolling down the incline, adapted to intermittently raise thelabel support, substantially as described.
12. In a can-labelin machine, a label support, a glue retort, a glueroll therein, a glue applying member normally contacting the roll,ratchet mechanism for intermittently rotating the roll, cam and levermechanism adapted to lift the glue ap lying member from the roll, rub itover the abel and return it to the roll, connections between the saidlever mechanism and ratchet mechanism, whereby they operate together,and means actuated by the can adapted to operate the said glue applyingdevices, substantially as described.
13. In a can labeling machine, an inclined can-way, mechanism adapted toapply glue to the can, a label support adapted to successively presentlabels to the glued surface of the can, mechanism adapted tosuccessively paste the rear edges of the labels, and means actuated bythe downwardly rolling can adapted to simultaneously operate the can andlabel gluing devices and the label feeding devices, substantially asdescribed.
14. In a can labeling machine, an inclined can-way, a rocking memberadapted to be operated by the rolling can to apply glue thereto, a rockshaft adapted to be actuated by said rocking member, a label supportingplaten and feed mechanism therefor, and pasting mechanism adapted toglue the edges of the labels successively, connections between said rockshaft and the platen feed, and connections between the said rock shaftand the label pasting devices, whereby when the can deflects thedepressing member, the gluing, pasting and feeding mechanism aresimultaneously operated- In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set myhand.
JOHN HARVEY KAINQ
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2024-03-22
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1906-11-12
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1907-12-17"
}
|
US-1911611968-A
|
Valve.
C. R. BALLARD.
VALVE. APPLICATION FILED 111111. a, 1911.
1,003, 11 3. a n d e t. 19, 1911.
WITNESSES /9 I I INVENTOR I WW 5 v @AWW COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH1:0..WA5HINOTON, D. c.
CHARLES R. BALLARID, OF MIDWAY, PENNSYLVANIA.
VALVE.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Sept. 19, 1911.
Application filed. March 8, 1911. Serial No. 611,968.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that 1, CHARLES R. BALLA'RD,
a resident of Midway, in the county of "Washington and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Valves, ofwhich the following is a specification.
This invention relates to valves for compressors, pumps and the like,and more par ticularly to outlet valves therefor, although certainfeatures thereof are applicable to inlet valves.
The object of the invention is to provide for the purposes stated avalve of simple and durable construction, one which is noiseless in itsaction, one in which the extent of opening can be varied, which is soconstructed that it can be easily attached to and removed from thecylinder head, and which is provided with adjustably renewable means fortaking up the wear.
The invention comprises a valve constructed and arranged as hereinafterdescribed and claimed.
In the accompanying drawing Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional viewthrough the valve showing it attached to the cylinder head; Fig. 2 is atransverse section on the line 2-2, Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a centrallongitudinal section of a portion of the valve showing a modification ofthe piston and bushing.
In the drawing 1 indicates a portion of the head of a cylinder of an aircompressor, pump or similar apparatus.
The valve is illustrated as an outlet valve and comprises a casing 2which at its inner end is open to the pump or compressor cylinder and isprovided with a seat 3 with which cooperates a valve 4 provided with astem 5 which is preferably hollow as shown, and slidably mounted in anaxial bore in a bushing member 6. The latter is of considerable lengthso as to provide along bearing for the valve stem, and has at its outerend the enlarged portion 7 which fits the outer portion of the chamberin casing 2. The bushing 6 is rotatably adjustable in the casing but isadapted to be clamped to the casing so that it cannot rotate therein,such as being provided with the external shoulder 8 contacting with aninternal shoulder 9 in the casing and arranged to be clamped againstsaid shoulder by having its outer end contacted by the inner edge of cap10 which has a threaded connection in the outer end of the casing andwhich serves the two-fold purpose of clamping the bushing between itsinner end and the shoulder 9 in the casing and also as a closure for theouter end of the casing.
In the valve illustrated the wear is con fined almost entirely to thereciprocation of the valve stem 5 in the bore of the bushing 6, andsince these valves, whet-her used as inlet or outlet valves, are usuallyplaced in a horizontal position, the wear is greater on the lower sideof the valve stem and the bushing bore. After the wear becomes excessiveit is merely necessary to remove the cap 10 and give the bushing 6 andvalve a half turn, that is, through 180 degrees, and then replace thecap. This simple adjustment brings the valve and its stem back intoalinement with the valve seat. When the wear again becomes excessive theworn bushing is replaced by a new one, when the valve will bepractically as good as new. The bushing rotatably adjustable in thevalve body provides a simple means for keeping the valve in properworking order and for renewing the wearable part at a reasonable cost,and without discarding the main parts of the valve.
The discharge orifices 11 are through the side walls of the casing.
The valve is normally held to its seat by means of a spring 12 which isinterposed between the outer face of said valve and the enlarged portion7 of the bushing, said spring being contained in the space between thecasing and the reduced portion 6 of the bushing. The valve itself isprovided at its peripheral edge with the out wardly projectingcylindrical sleeve or shell 13 surrounding the inner end of the spring12 and which is of such length that it extends outwardly beyond thedischarge orifices 11 and therefore prevents the fluid passing throughthe pump or compressor from coming into contact with the valve stem, andprotecting the valve stem as well as the spring 12 from the dirt or gritin the fluid being compressed or pumped.
The cap 10 closes the outer end of the easing substantiallyhermetically, so that there is no tendency for the fluid beingcompressed to pass outwardly between the valve stem and the walls of thebore in which said stem reciprocates, so that there is a minimum amountof wear of the valve stem in the bushing on account of dirt or grit inthe fluid being compressed. Moreover the sleeve or shell 18 serves as afurther guide for the valve and as it has a comparatively large preventthe same from closing or opening so suddenly as to cause dlsagreeablenoises. If
desired the piston may be provided with a suitable packing ring orrings, or with packing grooves, shown at 16, to give a tight fit in thedashpot chamber. The threaded connection of the piston 14 with the valvestem serves to adjust said piston on said stem and therefore determinesthe extent of the opening movement of the valve, it being obvious thatwhen the/piston contacts with the inner face of the cap 10 the openingmovement of the valve is stopped. In order to lock the piston in itsadjusted position on the valve stem I provide a key 18, preferablythreaded, and entering a tapped hole formed partly in the valve stem 5and partly in the piston 14. If desired the piston may be provided witha small leak port 19 through which the air can pass in interchangingfrom one side 'of said piston to the other. The piston is preferablyprovided with a pair of recesses 20 for receiving a spanner wrench orthe like," and the cap 10 is similarly provided with recesses 21. i
The valve casing at its inner end is externally threaded, as at 22, andis secured to the cylinder head by merely screwing the same into atapped opening therein. Consequently thevalve can be very readily'attached to and removed from the cylinder head without disturbing theother parts and permits of the use of a very simple cylinder head. Thevalve is entirely self-contained so'that in attaching it to or removingit from the cylinder head none of the parts need be disassembling. Thevalve can be fully completed and put together at the factory and mumamount of stoppage.
attached to the compressors in the field or elsewhere by an ordinarymechanic. On account of beingself-contained it is possible to renewvalvesor compressors with a mini- Fig? 3 shows a modification in whichthe piston 14 is integral with the Valve stem '5", and the bushing 6 issplit longitudinally '(as indicatedfby the absence of section lines onsaid bushing) to permit the same to be assembled with the piston andvalve stem. In other particulars the construction and operation is thesame as in the main form.
The valve is'of solid compact construction and is supported entirely atits inner end, thereby dispensing with the usual complicatedarrangements for fastening-the valve to or in the cylinder head. Theports are so located in the sleeve, and the shell on the valve is ofsuch length that the grit and dirt in the fluid being compressed cannotwork into theaxial bore in which the valve stem slides and wear thesame, and cannot come into contact with the spring and clog or foul thesame. The sealing of the outer end of the valve casing prevents thefluid being compressed from seeking escape through the axial bore of thebushing and around the valve stem. The rotatably adjusted bushingprovides a simple means for bringing the valve back into alinement withits seat when the bearing becomes worn, and also is an inexpensiverenewable means when worn.
The main features of the valve are adapted equally well for an inletvalve as for an outlet valve, as shown in the drawing.
I do not herein claim broadly the combination of the casing provided atits inner end with the means for attachment to the cylinder heads andwith ports in its side walls, a valve, a bushing rotatably adjustable inthe casing and a cap closing the outer end of the casing and bearingagainst the bushing and clamping the latter against an internal shoulderin the casing, as shown in the drawing in this application, togetherwith a spring arranged to hold the valve to its seat. The subject matterabove stated is claimed in an application filed January 13, 1911, SerialNo. 602,4;69. The valve of the present application is an improvement onthe valve of the prior application in the particulars enumerated in theclaims.
What I claim is:
1. A self-contained valve for compressors, pumpsand the like, comprisinga one-piece casing provided at its inner end with a valve seat and withmeans for attachment to a cylinder head and having ports through itsside walls near its inner end, said side walls being otherwiseimp'erforate, said casing being internally enlarged from its outer endto provide an internal shoulder, a valve cooperating with said valveseat and provided with an outwardly extending stem and at its peripherywith a sleeve or shell extending outwardly beyond the ports in thecasing side walls, a bushing 'rotatably adjustable in said casing andseating against the internal shoulder therein and provided with an axialbore in which the valve stem is guided, a spring surrounded by thesleeve ing to seat said valve, and a cap threaded into the outer end ofsaid casing and bearing directly against said bushing and clamping thesame against the internal shoulder in the casing.
2. A self-contained valve for compressors, pumps and the like,comprising a one-piece casing provided at its inner end with a valveseat and with means for attachment to a cylinder head and having portsthrough its side walls near its inner end, said side walls beingotherwise imperforate, said casing be ing internally enlarged from itsouter end to provide an internal shoulder, a valve cooperating with saidvalve seat and provided with an outwardly extending stem and at itsperiphery with a sleeve or shell extending outwardly beyond the ports inthe casing side walls, a bushing rotatably adjustable in said casing andseating against the internal shoulder therein and provided with an axialbore in which the valve stem is guided, a spring surrounded by thesleeve or shell on said valve and interposed between the valve and saidbushing and serving to seat said valve, a cap threaded into the outerend of said casing and bearing directly against said bushing andclamping the same against the internal shoulder in the casing, thebushing and cap being formed to provide a chamber, and a piston on theouter end of the valve stem and having a close fit in said chamber andforming a dash pot therewith.
3. A valve for compressors, pumps and the like, comprising a one-piececasing provided at its inner end with a valve seat and with means forattachment to a cylinder head and having ports through its side wallssaid side walls being otherwise imperforate, said casing beinginternally enlarged from its outer end to provide an internal shoulder,a valve cooperating with said valve seat and provided with an outwardlyextending stem and at its periphery with a shell or sleeve extendingoutwardly beyond the ports in the casing, a bushing rotatably adjustablein the casing and provided with an enlarged outer portion seatingagainst the internal shoulder in the easing and with a reduced inwardlyextending portion and being provided with an axial bore in which thevalve stem is slidable, a cap threaded into the outer end of the casingand bearing directly against said bushing and clamping the same againstthe internal shoulder in the casing, and a spring surrounding thereduced inner portion of the bushing and bearing against the valve andbeing surrounded by the shell or sleeve of the valve and serving to holdthe valve to its seat.
4. A valve for compressors, pumps and the like, comprising a one-piececasing provided at its inner end with a valve seat and with means forattachment to a cylinder head and having ports through its side walls,said side walls being otherwise imperforate, said casing beinginternally enlarged from its outer end to provide an internal shoulder,a valve cooperating with said valve seat and provided with an outwardlyextending stem and at its periphery with a shell or sleeve extendingoutwardly beyond the ports in the casing, a bushing rotatably adjustablein the casing and provided with an enlarged outer portion seatingagainst the internal shoulder in the casing and with a reduced inwardlyextending portion and being provided with an axial bore in 'which thevalve stem is slidable, a cap threaded into the outer end of the casingand bearing directly against said bushing and clamping the same againstthe internal shoulder in the casing, a sprin surrounding the reducedinner portion oi the bushing and bearing against the valve and beingsurrounded by the shell or sleeve of the valve and serving to hold thevalve to its seat, the outer end of said bushing being provided with acylindrical chamber, and a piston on the outer end of the valve stem andhaving a close fit in said chamber and forming a dash pot therewith.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.
CHARLES R. BALLARD. Witnesses:
F. W. WINTER, MARY E. CAHooN.
Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,
Washington, D. C.
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2024-03-22
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1911-03-03
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1911-09-19"
}
|
US-211458D-A
|
Improvement in apparatus for manufacturing wire
2 Sheets-Sheet 1.
. H. OHISHOLM. Apparatus for Manufacturing Wire.
No. 211,458. Patented Jan. 21,1879;
Fly].
n l/1165505! Zia/6 17f:
NJETERS. PHOTO-UTNDGRAPHER. WASNING'I'CNv D4 Q.
2 Sheds-Sheet 2.
H. OHISHOLM. Apparatus for Manufacturing Wire.
N0. 2 |1,458. HParentedHJan-L21, I879.
UNITED STATES PATENT ()Frrcn I HENRY OHISHOLM, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.
IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING WIRE.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 211,458, dated January21', 1879; application filed September 30, 1878.
i To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, HENRY GHIsnoLM, of Cleveland, in the county ofOuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and ImprovedApparatus for Manufacturing Wire by Hot-Rolling; and I do hereby declarethat the following is a full; clear, and complete description thereof.
The nature of this invention relates to the art of manufacturing wire byhot-rolling, instead of by the expensive and laborious method ofannealing and drawing hitherto practiced, which will be more fullydescribed hereinafter, and set forth in the claims.
. For a full and complete description of said nvention, reference willbe had to the follow- 1ng specification, and to the accompanyingdrawings, making apart of the same, in which- Figure 1 is a plan view ofthe furnaces, reel, and rolls. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are side elevations.
Like letters of reference refer to like. parts in the several views.
A represents the primary furnace, which may be of any suitable size, asthe work may require. B is the fire-place; B, the ash-pit, and C, Fig.3, the bridge-wall. A portion of the outer wall and top of the furnace Ais shown as broken away in Figs. 1 and 3, that the inside may be seen.
D is a horizontal projection of the bridgewall, extending partially overthe chamber E .of the furnace, which serves the purpose of reverberating the heat, and of which chamber F is the bottom or floor. Near thefront end 9f the said floor are apertures a, Fig. 1, openin g into theflue Gr, Fig. 3, underneath.
Theauxiliary heating-chamber is in open relation with the primaryfurnace through the intervention of the auxiliary furnace H and the flueI, said flue I being a continuation of the flue G. The auxiliary furnaceopens into the auxiliary heating-chamber through the.
aperture 1), and of which chamber K is the floor, Fig. 2. At theopposite end of the aux- Extending forward in front of the door of i theprimary furnace are a pair of ways or guides, Q, Figs. 1 and 2, betweenwhich is fitted, so as to slide freely, a block, It, in which is mounteda spool or drum, A, free-to rotate in the block, and provided with thespindle indicated by the dotted lines 6.
G are a pair of rollers journaled in suitable housings arranged directlyin front of the end of the auxiliary heating-chamber, and in suchrelation to the door thereof as to be in line with the same, as shown inthe drawings. The practical operation of the abovedescribed severaldevices is substantially as follows: A coil or coils of wire or rods, asthey come from the mill, are placed in the chamber of the primaryfurnace, as indicated at n, wherein they are heated to a proper workingdegree, from which a heated coil is then taken and placed upon the drumA, which, for that purpose, is pushed along to the door of the furnace,and then brought back to the position shown in Fig. 1.. The end of thecoil is taken and passed through the auxiliary chamber and extended tothe rolls, as indicated by the dotted line at m.
To facilitate the introduction of the end of the coil into and throughthe chamber, a narrow horizontal slash or opening, 1;, Fig. 2, is madein the side of the chamber, through which the wire is quickly passedinto said chamber. The slash or opening is then closed by an apron ordoor, which may be of any suitable material, and attached to the wall ofthe chamber by any appropriate means. The gripe of the rolls upon thewire as it is being reduced by them draws upon it and uncoils it fromthe drum, and draws it through the chamber, wherein the proper heat ofthe Wire for rolling is obtained, so that the wire passes to the rollsin a sufficiently-heated state to be easily worked by them.
The wire may be introduced into and passed through the chamber J bypassing it directly through the doors P, in which case the slash oropeningi is closed up. It is, however, preferred to use the opening asherein described, and which may be in the top of the chamber instead ofin the side. In the event the waste heat from the primary furnace is notsufficient to heat the auxiliary heating-chamber to the desired degree,the auxiliary furnace H is then used for that purpose, and if furtherheat is necessary the auxiliary furnace L can be used in connectiontherewith.
The rods from which wire is to be rolled can be conducted at once intothe primary furnace from the rolls while they are yet hot, and therebysave the time and expense of reheating them in the furnace.
What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
1. The combination of the primary furnace, A, constructed as described,drum A, Ways Q Q, heating-chamber provided with the slot 41, throughwhich the end of the coil is inserted, as described, and reducing-rollsO.
2. The furnace A, having the fire-wall D, extending partially over thefurnace-chamber as a hood, and the drop-fines a a, in combination withflues G and I, furnace H, and reheating-chamber J, substantially as andfor the purpose described.
3. The combination of the primary furnace,
'A, constructed as described, drum A, ways Q Q, heating-chamber providedwith the slot i, auxiliary furnaces H and L, and reducing rolls 0, allsubstantially as and for the purpose described.
HENRY GHI'SHOLM.
Witnesses:
S. O. LAY, J. H. BURRIDGE.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1879-01-21"
}
|
US-2698417D-A
|
Galvanometer construction
Dec. 28, 1954 C, M HATHAWAY 2,698,417
GALVANOMETER CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 14, 1950 @haak MK2/Mayday UnitedStates Patent O GALVAN OlVIETER CONSTRUCTIDN Claude M. Hathaway,Littleton, Colo., assiguor to Hathaway Instrument Company, Denver,Colo., a corporation of Colorado Application September 14, 1950, SerialNo. 184,868
3 Claims. (Cl. 324-97) The present invention relates to a galvanometerconstruction whereby a large number of galvanometer elements can belocated in a relatively small space.
For certain oscillograph purposes it is desired to provide a relativelylarge number of oscillograph elements or galvanometers so as to providea compact arrangement. It further is desired to provide moving elements,which may be damped with oil, if desired. In the past arrangements ofthis kind have employed a single relatively large permanent magnet withindividualized pole pieces for the several galvanometer elements.
In order to Yprovide for convenient replacement of any element deemed tobe defective or inaccurate, it would be desirable to provide an improvedgalvanometer wherein connections are readily made thereto. Itfurthermore would be desirable to have an improved magnet design whichis not quite so bulky and which provides pivotedadjustment of thegalvanometer element in a vertical plane.
Other and further objects of the present invention will subsequentlybecome apparent by reference to the following description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein:
Figure l is an end view of a galvanometer constructed in accordance withthe present invention;
Figure 2 is a front view of the multi-element galvanometer shown inFigure l.
Figure 3 is an enlarged detailed cross-sectional view of a galvanometerelement employed in the structure shown in Figures l and 2;
Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the deviceshown in Figure 3 as seen at right angles to that ligure;
Figure 5 is a horizontal cross-section as seen in the direction of thearrows along the line 5-5 of Figure 4; and
Figure 6 is a horizontal cross-section as seen in the direction of thearrows along the line 6-6 of Figure 4.
Referring to Figures l and 2 there is shown a multielement galvanometerhaving end plates 11 and 12 and a front plate 13. These plates aresuitably secured to a base 14 by means of fastening means such as screws15. The base 14 has a stepped portion 16 so as to serve as a locatingdevice for a plurality of pole pieces 17 and 18. The pole piece 17carries a permanent magnet element 19 having a curved surface 21. Thepole piece 18 carries a permanent magnet 22 having a curved surface 23.The curved surfaces 21 and 23 comprise segments of a cylindrical surfacehaving an axis passing through the center of a galvanometer element 24.The galvanometer element 24 comprises a non-magnetic housing 25 carryinga magnetic cradle 26 having surfaces complementary to the curvedsurfaces 21 and 23 of the permanent magnets. suitably supported betweenthe end plates 11 and 12 is a terminal block 27 provided with aplurality of binding posts 28 and 29. Two such binding posts areprovided for galvanometer element 24. The block 27 carries a threadedadjusting screw 31, which engages an upright post 32 carried by thecradle 26. The upper end of the post 32 is connected to a spring 33,which in turn engages a lug on the block 27. Thus the spring biases theelement 24 to a certain position as determined by the adjusting screwdevice 31. By means of diierent adjustment the cradle 26 is rocked inthe cooperating surfaces of the permanent magnets 19 and 22. In order toprovide for adjustment of the element 24 through a horizontal angle arotatable post 34 is provided which 2,698,417 Patented Dec. 28, 1954carries a gear sector 35 for engagement with'a gear sector mounted onthe casing 25 of the element 24.
Figures 3 to 6 inclusive show the details of construction of thegalvanometer element contained within the casing 25. At the lower endthere is provided an insulator 36 which carries a threaded rod 37, whichis engaged by a nut 38 bearing against an insulated washer 39. The innerend of the rod 37 terminates in a hollow bifurcated portion 41 toprovide a socket for a plug connector.
At the opposite end of the tube 25, which is of nonmagnetic materialsuch as brass, an internal threaded portion 42 is engaged by a cap 43,which bears against a packing ring 44. The cap 43 is arranged to beremoved so that access may be had to the element carried within thecasing 25. Within the cap 43 there is an insulator bushing 45 carrying aterminal 46 having at its lower end a hollow bifurcated portion 47,which serves as a socket member. The upper end of the member 46 iselectrically connected to a conductor 48.
Between the bifurcated members 41 and 47 there is located a generallyrectangular frame 49 having a rectangular central opening 51. The frame49 at its top has a central aperture fitted with an insulating sleeve 52and carrying an electrical connector 53, which tits into the bifurcatedsocket 47. The electrical connector 53 is connected to one wire 54 ofthe suspended galvanometer element. At the lower end of the wire 54there is provided a bale 55 carrying a mirror 56. The lower end of thebale 55 is connected to the movable coil 57, which in turn is connectedto a wire 58. The wire 58 is connected to a spring 59 which is fastenedto a connector 61 passing through an insulated sleeve 62 in the centralaperture at the bottom of the rectangular frame 49. The lower end of theconnector 61 engages the bifurcated socket 41.
In the proximity of the moving coil element 57 the outer tube 25 isprovided with magnetic inserts to form two pole pieces 63 and 64 shownin Figure 6. The pole pieces 63 and 64 t into the central opening in thecradle 26 Immediately above the pole pieces 63 and 64 there is provideda lens 65 carried by a lens supporting structure 66 inserted into anopening in the tube 25. At the rear of the tube 25 there is located acylindrical segment 67 having at its lower end a gear sector 68. Thisgear sector is the one which is engaged by the gear sector 35 of theadjusting member 34.
In order to replace any of the various galvanometer elements of thestructure illustrated in Figures l and 2, the entire cylindricalassembly 24 may be removed. Thereupon access may be had to thegalvanometer element per se contained within the tube 25 by removing thecap structure 43. Then by grasping the rectangular frame 49 or the upperend of the connector 53, the frame 49 may be withdrawn from the tube andout of engagement with the lower socket connector 41. 'Thus it will beappreciated that a compact structure is obtained, which is readilyremoved for examination or for repair.
If desired, the inside of the sleeve or tube 25 may be tilled with oilin order to provide oil damping of the moving element 57.
In the construction of the galvanometer elements it has been found thata certain arrangement and method of assembly offers certain advantages.In assembling the apparatus shown in Figures 3 and 4 the housing carriesa lens 65. It might be thought that the leps 65 could be cementeddirectly into an aperture in the housing 25, particularly since it isdesired to orient the lens with respect to the optical path of lightpassing therethrough. This light path extends from the source of lightto the mirror 56 and back to the recording material. It, however, hasbeen found advantageous to mount the lens 65 in a bezel 66 with ashellac base thermoplastic cement. The surfaces of the lens subsequentlyare highly polished. Then the bezel and lens are placed in position inthe housing 25. The bezel 66 is cemented with a synthetic alkyd resincement, such as Glyptal. Just before the cement is quite hard, the lensis oriented with respect to the optical path. While for the purpose ofillustrating and describing the present invention certain preferred foi'saidframe having contacts therein for said connf'zc'torrpins,l on'e ofsaid contacts being connected .to said case andv the vother insulatedtherefrom, Va cradle Yhaving a vertical opening for said case and havingtwo supporting surfaces 'each forming segmental portions 'of ahorizntalcylinder; Va permanent 'magnet structure havingV surfaces' complementaryto said cradle, means for adjustinfgfthe position of said case about theaxis of saidl horizontal cylinder, means carried. by said cradle forrotating said 'case ielativ ther'to about its longitudinal axisincluding a ygear: mounted on said 'cradle arid-a lgear sector mounted'on 'said case. Y
2i galvanometer eleinen't for a multi=element galvanrneter comprising anelongated coil suspended within a non-magnetic rectangular frame',aconne'ctor pin at each end `ofs'aid frame connected to said coil, a-nonmagnetic rcylindrical case having contacts therein to receive said;connector pins, a magnetic cradle' for said case having supportingsurfaces -forming segments of a. ghorizontal cylinder, a' permanentmagnet structure having 'complementary .supporting surfaces for eachcradle, ime'ans carried by `said structure for rocking said 'cradleabout a horizontal axis, "said, 'cylindrical ca'sehav'i'ng onit'snjexterioi: Ya gear sector, a manually adjustable gearmountedfons'aidcradle -for engaging said gear sector to vadjust lsaidcase about a vertical axis, and
magnetic pole pieces carried by said cylinder and extend- 'Ying'fromsaidcradie'- inwardly toward said coil;y f
3.` A galvanometer element for a multi-element galvanometer comprising amovable coil mounted within a rectangular frame, an insulated connectorpin located at each end of said frame and connected to said coil, anon-magnetic cylindrical case' Ili'av'ing contacts therein to receivesaidconnector pins, one of said contacts being connected to" 'said 'easefand the vother contact insulated,
therefrom, a cradle for said casehaving surfacesforming seg'nie'zii'ts-Yof "aflioiz'oiital cylinder, said cradle having a' vertical cyiufdricaiopening, 'a riia'gneficstr'uemre 'having supporting surfacescomplementary thereto, Vsaid struc-V turerincluding permanent magnet,means :carried Yby said structure for rocking said cradle about ahorizontal axis, said cylindrical'case]h''vingl attached to its exteriora gear sector, a manually operable gear mounted on said cradle forengaging said gear sector to rotate said i case about its longitudinalaxis, magnetic `pole piec'es carried by said cylinder and extendinginwardly toward said coil, said pole ,pieces'having exterior surfacescom plementary to the opening-in saidl cradle, a lens -car-r-ied by saidcase,and a mirror mountedv behind said leixs above said coil foractuation thereby.
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2024-03-22
| null |
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1954-12-28"
}
|
US-12799226-A
|
Machine tool
April 2, 1915.9.`
c. L. M'ATTlsoN y 1,707,764I
IACHINETOOL Filed Aug. 9, 1926 rlSheets-Sheet 2 c. L. vMA'rTlsoN MACHINETOOL Filed Aug. 9,. 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 e@ WIN! @f mlm E Il PatentedApr. 2, 1929.
UNITED STATES l 1,101,164 PATENT oFFlcE.-
CARL MATTISON, OF BOCKFORD, ILLINOIS, ABSIGNOB T IATTISON n- GHINEWORKS, OF BOCKFORD, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION Ol' ILLINOIS.
IAUHINE TOOL.
Application med Angult 9, 1926. Serial' No. 187,992.
The invention relates to machine tools, more particularly to those inwhich the processing operation is performed upon stationary work by anoperating tool moved into 8 engagement with the work.
Heretofore, it has been the practice in mountin such tools as, forexample, a crosscut circu ar saw, to support the tool upon a slidingcarriage or upon a swinging structure of lon radius. Such constructioninvolves in the one case, heavy cumbersome parts diiiicult of quickmanipulation and occupying much Hoor space, and in the latter caseinvolves generall a considerable overhead structure which 1s diilicultof accurate control and idance.
It is the principa object of this invention to provide a machine tooladapted for the operative movement of its. processing tool through asubstantially horizontal path, which is self-contained, compact instructure, highly eiiicient in operation, and eX- ceedingly easy ofmanual manipulation.
Another object is to provide a machine tool in which the operating toolis carried at the free end of a readily extensible and retractablestructure requiring a small base support occupying comparatively littleiioor space.
It is a further object of the invention to provide in a tool of thistype an extensible frame specially constructed to resist lSwaying andtorsional movement so as to insure straight line reciprocation of thetool.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a new and im rovedreciprocating machine structure in which the movable parts are of lightweight and constructed topermit of easy manipulation.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be understood fromthe following detailed description taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings which form a part of this specific-ation.
The accompanyin drawings illustrate the invention as adapte to a machinetool commonly known in the Woodworking art as a power-driven circularcross-cut or cut-off saw. It is desired, however, that the illustrationherein be not considered as limiting the adaptation of the invention tosawing machine tools, as it will be obviousI that the novel structureherein disclosed may be employed in various machine tools in which freemovement of the processing tool in a substantially horizontal plane isessential. It
is pointed out that the pivotall adjustable base mounting of theyextensib e structurecomprisinga part of the invention permits itsadaptation to use selectively for moving a tool 1n a true rectilinearpath in any radial dlrectlon or for universal movement over its plane ofoperation from a free ivotal base. It 1s further pointed out that thebase support of the machine ma be arranged to be secured to a wallinstea of a ioor. Referrin to the drawin s:
ig. 1 is a side e evation of the referred form of the invention,together wit a work table, the saw being in lts inoperative positionwith the supporting frame collapsed.
Fig. 2 is a fragmental view similar to Fig. 1 except that the saw is inits operative os1t1on and the supportin frame. extendedi Fi 3 is a planview s owing the supporting rame extended.
Fig. 4 is a section taken along the line 1--4 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a sectional View taken along the line 5--5 of Fig. 7.
Fig. 6 is a fragmental view partly in section showing the mounting forthe swivel pedestal bracket.l
Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmental view taken along .the line 7-7 of Fig.3.
Fig. 8 is a section taken along the line 8 8 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 9 is a section taken along the line 9-9 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 10 is a view of a double link.
While my invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms,I have shown inthe drawings and will herein describe in detail one suchembodiment, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to beconsidered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention, andis not intende to limit the invention to the embodiment illustrated. Thescope of the inventionl will be pointed out in the appended claims.
In the drawin s I have illustrated the preerred form of the invention ascomprisin a pedestal a of a height approximating the esired distance ofthe tool (in this instance a saw) from the floor. This pedestal isillustrated as a rigid casting upon the upper end of which a bracket Bis mounted toswivel about a vertical axis. As illustrated in Fig. 6 thepedestal and the base 1 of the bracket B are provided withop osed planesurfaces 2 and 3 respectively. plurality of bolts 4 are adapted to enterthrough apertures 5 in the base of the bracket and annular invertedT-slots 6 in the pedestal to permit of clamping the bracket in anyannular position as determined by a scale 7 onthe pedestal and asuitable zero mark on the bracket.
The bracket is adapted to support one end of an extensible frame C, onthe free end of which a tool head D is carried. By means of the swiveladjustment of the bracket lthe angulardirection of the extension of theframe C may be varied to permit of angular operation, as for 'example inmitre sawing. l The tool head D, inthe preferred form illustrated,comprises a housing designated generally as 8 (Figs. v 3 and 7) which isadapted to contain and support a Suitable motor, the shaft 9 of whichextends beyond the housing to support a tool, which in this instance isa saw 10. The saw head is preferably mounted for vertical'adjustmentupon the free end ofthe extensibleframe YCwdForw this purpose a bracket11 is formed integrally with the' housing 8 and is provided with ways 12on its rear side adapted to engage the sides of an end/'member 13 whichis carried upon the free end of the frame C, whereby to guide the headfor vertical `adjustment upon the end of the frame. The verticaladjustment is provided to compensate for various saw diameters and maybe obtained by any suitable means. In the exemplary form illustrated,such means comprises a screw 14 journaled at its upper end forrotational but against axial movement in an overhanging portion 15 ofthe bracket 11. The axial movement is prevented by means of a collar 16and the hub 17 of an operating handle 18, both of which are secured tothe screw. This screw engages a screw-threaded aperture 19 (Figs. 5 and7) in a bushing 2O rigidly secured to the member 13 so that rotation ofthe screw causes a vertical movement of the saw head relative to thesaid member.
As mentioned hereinbefore, the shaft 9 of` the motor is adapted to formamounting for the saw 10 which may be secured thereon in an appropriatemanner. A guard 21 is secured to the housing 8 and adapted to overliethe saw. This guard preferably includes a side portion 22 which isdetachable to permit of removal of the saw from the arbor.
u A handle 23 is also secured to the housing 8 to facilitatemanipulation of the saw head.
The invention contemplates an extensible means to support the saw headfrom the pedestal bracket B, this means being. of a character such as topermit of its beingsupported in approximately the same horizontal planeas the saw head and also being adapted vto guide the saw for movement ina vertical et B and the end member 13 and secured thereto at itsopposite ends. This lazy-tongsis of limproved construction and iscomposed of `of single links 29 of substantial width, and
are preferably rei'nforcedby means of side ribs 30 (see Fig. 9). Theselinks have bores 31, one at each end of the link and one at the midportion thereof, adapted to receive pivot pins 32 therethrough. Thesingle links are adapted to enter the openings 26a and 261" in thedouble links and to fit between the laterally spacedv bearing portionsthereof so that the ends of the pivot pins may be positioned in thebores 27.
The frame in the form illustrated in the drawings comprises three doublelinks 24, a Jsingle link 29, two short single links 33 and two shortdouble links 34. The number of links, however, may be varied. Theselinks are pivotally connected to each other and to the bracket B andmember 13 with the bearing portions of the sin'gle links fitting betweenthe spaced bearing portions of the double links i as illustra-ted inFig. 8, and .with the spaced bearing portions of the end links embracingportions of the bracket B and end member 13 asshown in Figs. 3 and 4 Thepivots between these parts comprisepins 32 secured in the bores 31 ofthe single links as by means of set screws 34. The ball bearings 28which are interposed between the ends of the pivot pins 32 and the bores27'in the double links provide practically frictionless pivots betweenvthe links and permit extension and contract-ion of the frame C with aminimum amount of effort.v The bracket B and member 13 are provided withbores at 35 similar to the bores 31 of the single links adapted also tomount pivot pins 32, and are shaped to permit the bearing portions ofthe double links 24 and '34` to embrace the bracket and end memberadjacent these pins.
As shown in Fig. 8, the inner races 28a of the ball bearings 28 aresecured upon reduced portions 32a of the pivot pins between shoulders 36formed thereon and nuts' 37. The outer races are pressed into the bores27 ofthe double links. Plugs 38 are also pressed into these bores toprotect the bearings from foreign matter.'
The work table may be of conventional form. As illustrated herein, itcomprises a base frame 39 and a bench-like top 40. This top has a rearguide rail 41 for the work,
and is preferably provided with a plurality of ball bearing rollers 42 uon which the Work ma b e fed along the ta le.
It will7 be apparent from the foregoing that I have provided a cross cutsaw which not only eliminates the objectionable overhead structure ofthe swing saw, but also requires but a small amount of floor space. Themovable structure is of comparatively light Weight and being mountedventirely upon ball bearings, the friction is negligible. This permitsof manual operation with a minimum amount of effort.
It is also obvious that the construction of the extensible frame notonlyeliminates any possiblity of side sway and torsional movement, but alsoguides the saw in a substantially straight horlzontal path so as topermit the saw to cut a wide piece of stock to the maximum depth the sawis adapted to cut, i. e. there is no cutting depth lost at the front andrear edges of the work as in saws of the swinging frame type wherein thesaw travels through an arc of a circle. means are provided to permitmitre sawing, and also to adjust the height of the saW arbor withrespect to the work table to compensate for changes in saw diameter.
It is further obvious that the machine construction herein disclosed maybe readily adapted toother tools than a saw With like advantages in theoperative control of the tool.
I claim as my invention:
1. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, asupport, a motor-driven tool head, and a lazy-tongs frame connected atone end to said support and at its other end to said head, saidlazytongs including double links having pairs of laterally spaced andaxially alined bearing portions at the mid portion and each'end thereof,and single links adapted to fit between said spaced portions.
2. A machine of the character described comprising, .in combination, asupport, a motor-driven tool head,` and a lazy-tongs frame connected atone end to said support and at its other end to said head, saidlazytongs including sets of double and single links, the double linkscomprising two side portions, and intermediate web portions deningopenings at each end and at the mid portion of the links adaptedto admitthe single links. j
` 3. A toolof the character described having, in combination, a support,a vertical guide member, an extensible and contractible lazytongs framecomprising two series of links of different Widths, the Wider linkscomprising spaced sides adapted to straddle the narrower links andhaving pairs of laterally spaced alined bearing openings, the said Widerlinks at one end of the frame embracing a portion of said support and atthe other Convenient A end of the frame embracing a portion of saidgulde member, ball bearings mounted in said caring openings, a headmounted on said .guide member. for vertical sliding movement 4. Acut-off saw of the character described comprising, in combination, asupport, a pair of vertically spaced horizontallyextending pivot pins onsaid support, a tool head carrying a self-contained motor driven sawarbor adapted for rectilinearY reciprocation, a pair of verticallyspaced horizontally extending pivot pins on said head, and alongitudinally extensible frame for supporting and guiding said toolheadcomprising al lazy-tongs, the end links of which have laterally spacedand alined bearings mounted on the ends of each of said pins.
motor driven saw arbor, a stationary base and a longitudinallyextensible frame supporting said arbor from said base, said framecomprising a lazy-tongs having alternate links formed with laterallyspaced and alined bearings at the opposite ends thereof and at the midportions thereof, and other links of substantial width having boredportions arranged to fit intermediate said bearings, and pivot pinspositioned in each pair of said bearings and extending through saidbores of the other links.
6. A sawing machine comprising, in combination, a pedestal, a ltool headembodying a motor driven saw arbor arranged to be reciprocatedrectilinearly for the purpose of cutting oil' work pieces, and alongitudinally extensible frame connecting said head to said pedestalarranged during reciprocation of said head to support the head and toguide said saw, said frame having alternate links formed with laterallyspaced `and alined bearings.
7. In a machine, the combination of a reciprocatory motor driven arbor,a stationary base and a longitudinally extensible frame supporting saidarbor from said base and adapted for guiding the saw rectilinearly, saidframe comprising a lazy tongs having alternate links formed withlaterally spaced and alined bearing portions at the opposite endsthereof, and other links of substantial Width having portions arrangedto fit intermediate said bearing portions, pivot pins rigidly mounted insaid other links and extendingthrough said bearing portions, and bearingmeansintermediate the ends of said pivot pins and said bearingVportions.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto affixed my signature.
CARL LAWRENCE MATTIsoN.
5. In a cut-olf saw, the combination of a
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2024-03-22
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1926-08-09
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1929-04-02"
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|
US-1901054535-A
|
Apparatus for preventing freezing of water-pipes.
No. 682,497. I Patented Sept. 10, i901.
J. HUHLING. APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING FREEZING OF WATER PIPES.
(Application filed Apr. 5, 1901.)
jnveyzfobf, filzc cw iklny w f 6 5 aim rm: uonms vzfzns ca,PHDI'QLIYHCL. WASHINGYON. a. c
UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.
JULIUS RIIHLING, OF GERA, GERMANY.
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING FREEZING OF WATER-PIPES.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 682,497, datedSeptember 10, 1901.
Application filed April 5', 1901- S'erlal No. 54,535. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, J ULIUS RiiHLINe, a citizen of Gera, residing atGer-a, Reuss Younger Line, Germany, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Oontrivances to Prevent the Freezing in ofWater-Conduits; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use thesame.
This invention relates to a device for preventing the freezing in ofwater pipes in which the water of the pipes is forced to pass firstthrough a coil of pipe in a heating apparatus before it reaches thefloors of a dwelling or other building. There is also above the heatingserpentine a reservoir which is fed at the same time with the waterheated in the coil, from which reservoir by a separate pipe the vaporsdeveloping therein are conducted, by means of branch pipes, to closetsor similar apartments for the purpose of warming them.
In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 2 represent, respectively,vertical and horizontal sections through a device constructed inaccordance with my invention, the latter on line 2 2 of the former.
The main conducting-pipe b, with a stopvalve a, is provided at thebranches 0 d, having valves 0 and d, which are connected by thecouplingsfand fwith the heating-coil g. The reservoir A above the'coilgand provided with a safety-valve h is connected by a pipe 1' with thecoil 9 and has a glass gage 7.0. For cutting off the pipe 2' from theserpentine g and the conduit 1) no valve or cock is shown in thedrawings. The pipe 2' serves as an out-. let for the vapors developingin the reservoir A and may be connected by branch pipes (not shown)leading to the apartments to be heated.
on is the chimney.
To make use of this device it is necessar der possible an easy emptyingwhen desired. The water may be heated with any suitable fuel. reservoirA, thereby causing the vaporization of the water contained therein andalready heated in coil g, so that the vapors are led by conduit Z to theapartments to be heated.
While not using this device the valves (3' and d are closed and valve onopen ed,whereby the water passes through pipe I) unheated. If for anyreason it is desirable to place the device in another room, thecouplings f and f may be loosened and connection to the main pipe madein another place.
Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-- 1. In adevice of the character described, the combination with a heater and asuperposed water-tank, of a main water-pipe, a coil of pipe in thefire-box of the heater, valved connections, between the ends of the coiland the main pipe, a valve in the main pipe between said connections, abranch pipe leading from the main pipe, beyond the coil connections,into the water-tank, and a pipe leading from the top of the tanksubstantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. In a device of the character described, the combination with a heaterand a superposed water-tank surrounding the chimney of the heater, of amain water-pipe, a coil of pipe in the fire-box of the heater, valvedconnections having interposed couplings between the ends of the coil andthe main pipe, a valve in the main pipe between said connections, abranch pipe leading from the main pipe, be yond the coil connections,into the watertank delivering below the water-level thereof, and a pipeleading from the top of the tank substantially as and for the purposesset forth.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
JULIUS RUIILIN G.
Witnesses:
F. STEPHAN, A. BRAUTIGAM.
The products of combustion heat the
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2024-03-22
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1901-04-05
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1901-09-10"
}
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US-49822021-A
|
Hose-supporter button
D. G. BUTTS.
HOSE SUPPORTER BUTTON.
APPLICATION man SEPT. s, 1921.
' 1,43%926, Patented Dec. 5, 1922;
. the button,
Patented Dec. 5, i922.
innate PFFCE? DANIEL G. BUTTS, OF NEW DBLEANS, LOUISIANA, ASSIGNGB TOIVORY 'GABTER CUMPANY, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, A.
CORPGBATIGN OF LOUISIANA.
nosn-sorronrna BUTTON.
Application filed. September a, 1921 sensitive teased To all whom it mayconcern:
Be it known that I, DANIEL G. Burrs, a citizen of the UnitedStates,'residing at New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State ofLouisiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inHose-Supporter Buttons; and I do hereby declare the following to be a.full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification. Y
This invention relates to buttons and particularly to the stud or buttonshank of but tons such as those used in hose supporter clasps forattachment to the hose.
Heretofore it has generally been the practi ce to form the button shankof hose supporter clasps with an enlargement or head at its upper end,the loop member of the clasp being retained on the shank by said head.An object of the invention is to eliminate the necessity of providingthe shank with an enlarged upper. end, the shank of according to thepresent invention being made fiangeless above the base. The shankintermediate its ends is adapted to be easily compressed transversely bythe loop member of the clasp, but its upper end is made solid wherebythat end will not be compressed to any appreciable extent but willremain itsnormal size and retain the loop member on the button.
In the accompanying drawings,-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a button embodying the presentinvention;
Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view;
Fig. 8 is a sectional view;
Fig. 4: is a view showing the button inserted in the cla'sp loop; and IFig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of a modified form, the top orupper solid end of the shank being omitted.
The present invention consists essentially in the production of a buttonfor hose supporter clasps that is provided with a shank flangeless aboveits base, the cost of manufacturing siderably lower than the cost ofmanufacturing buttons whose studs or shanks have an enlargement or headat their upper end for retaining the loop member.
Referring to the drawing the button shank 10 is provided with acomparatively fiat, broad base 11 which, as is well understood in theart, is utilized for securing the siliency of shank larger than thecompressed buttons of that type being conlJlllltOl'l in the dependingportion of the hose supporter that is adapted to lie beneath the hosewhen the latter is secured in the clasp.
While any desired. material may be utilized in the manufacture of thebutton, an inherently resilient material such as rubber, is preferablyused, and to increase the 'reslits 12 are formed therein. In thepreferred embodiment of the invention as disclosed in Figs. 1 to 4., theshank 10 is made tubular, having hollow center 13, the slits 12extending longitudinally of the shank "andintersecting the exteriorsurface of the shank and merging into the hollow center 13. Slits 12,together with the hollow center 18, terminate a short distance belowtheupper end 15 of theshank, leaving said end solid, the slotted portion ofthe shank being of suflicient length, however, to accommodate the loop14 of the clasp on the shank intermediate the base and said solid end.
The shank 10, as before mentioned, is of practically uniform crosssection throughout its length, its sides normally being substantiallystraight or flangeless above the base 11. When, however, the button isinserted in the loop and pushed down into the restricted throat portionof the loop, tion of the shank intermediate the solid end and base 11will be compressed transversely by the'converging side walls of theloop. The solid upper end of the shank not being under compression willthen be considerably portion and will securely retain the loop on thebutton shank.
In the modified form of the invention as shown in Fig. 5, the buttonshank 20 is made from a solid piece of material, the slots21intersecting each other within the body of the shank, preferably at thecenter thereof, whereby the shank will have a hollow center 22.. Thehollow center, together with the slots 21 which extend to the exteriorsurface of the shank render the shank highly resilient whereby it may bereadily compressed transversely by the walls of the restricted port-ion.of the loop. In this modified embodiment of the invention, the shank isof uniformcross section and its upper end is also solid as in the formof button illustrated in Figs. 1 to l, the slots 21 terminating a shortdistance below said end, whereby the latter willtendto remain at itsnormal size and retain the loop on the button when 10, a plurality ofrecesses or a the slotted porsaid loop engages and compresses theintermediate slotted portion of the shank.
V'Vhat is claimed is:
1. A button comprising a base and a shank on the base, said shank havinga solid upper end and there being a plurality oii' longitudinallyextending slits intersecting the exterior surface of said shankintermediate the base and the solid end of the shank, Whereby the lattermay be, compressed transversely intermediate its ends. 7
2. A button comprising a base and a shank on the base, said shank beingflangeless above the base and having a solid upper end and said, shankhaving a plurality of slits formed, therein intersecting its exteriorsurface, said slits being located intermediate I the base and the solidend of the shank whereby said shank may .be compressed transverselyintermediate the solid. end and the base' 3. A button comprising a baseand a shank, said shank having a plurality of intrsecting slits thereinand a solid upper en 4. A button comprising a base and a tubular shankon the base, said shank having a solid upper end and a plurality oflongitudinal slits intersecting the exterior surface of the shankintermediate the base and the solid end of the shank whereby said shankmay be compressed transversely interinediate its solid end and the base.
5. A button comprising a base and a tubular shank on the base, saidshank having a solidupper end and a plurality of slits intermediate itssolid end and the base, said slits intersecting the exterior surface ofsaid shank and merging into the space within the shank. v
6. A button comprising a base and shank of resilient material, saidshank having a solid upper end and there being a plurality of slits insaid Shank extending bet-Ween the base and solid upper end.
7. A button comprising a base and a shank of resilient material, saidshank being normally of uniform cross section and having a plurality ofslits therein extending a portion of its length intermediate the baseand the upper end of the shank Whereby the intermediate portion of saidshank may be compressed While the ,upper end of said shank will remainof substantially its normal size and project beyond the com pressedportion of the shank to form a head.
DANIEL e. Burrs.
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2024-03-22
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1921-09-03
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1922-12-05"
}
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US-1910558706-A
|
Thermostat.
f UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEioE.
JULIUS BOEKEL, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
THERMOSTAT.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Feb.l '7, `1911.
Application filed April 30, 1910. Serial No. 558,706.
To all 'whom itimay concern:
Be itknown that I, JULiUs BOEKEL, a citizen of the United States,residing at'Philadelphia,
in the county of Philadelphia and State of' Pennsylvania,
have invented certain new and useful Improvements in rIhermostats; and Ido hereby declare the follow-,
ing to bel a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, suchas will enable others skilled in the 'art to which it appertains to makeand use the same. f
This invention relates to thermostats and moie particularly to the meansof adjusting the same. f
It also relates to the particular construcv tion of the adjusting screwand other fea tures hereinafter set forth. Its object is to .provide aliner and larger range of'adjustment, to provide an escape for the airwhich would otherwise be compressed at the top of the mercury chamberand so hamper the eX- panding of the latter and to produce a cheap,simpleand perfect instrument, all of these objects being attained by theconstruction and vcombination of parts hereinafter more particularly setforth and claimed.
' In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 represents a view in viceembodying my invention, circuit wires.
a and Z)y being connected to their respective 4 posts land being brokenod short, and a battery through which one of said wires runs. Fig. 2represents a verticalA sectional view through the thermostat, .inittingthe wires and battery;v ig. 3 represents an enlarged detail view of theadjusting screwas shown inv Fig. 2; and Fig. 4 represents a slightmodification in the upper part of my inven tion, in which the air-ventextends through from the side ofthe plug.
1 designates a .long cylindrical tube for holding the mercury. Said tubeis provided Awith external screw threads on itsuppei end and a slotacross its bottom end for assisting in screwing and unscrewing the tubeor receptacle. maybe of any metal or other substance ,that will act asasuitable conductor for'the"`elec' tric 'current or ,thev contacts mightbejrunv through a non-conductor material' -tofthel mercury.
12 designates fitsjtightly the .attaching collar,` which around thetube1 just below the screw-threads'before mentioned, for the wire llandiis'p-r'ovided with a laterally projecting. lstud B.
Thisstud ris provided withfa hole' frontelevation of a de vis screwedinto A electric contactl The material iised inv said tube; certainpredetermined degree ofv heat has for the insertion of said wire a andis screw-l tapped in its end to permit the thumb-screw 5 to be screwedinto the stud and to project into the hole 4. After the wire a isinserted in the hole t the screw 5 will be screwed into the stud andwill engage and bind the wire a firmly in position.
6 designates a block, closure or plug composed of some non-conductibleor insulating material having an internally' screwfthreaded recess 7 inits lower end corresponding in size to the external size of theexternally screw-threaded end of tube 1. Saidv I:plug has a straighthole or channel 8 extending straight through from its ,top to thetop cfsaid recess and an internally screw-threaded.
recess 9, which extends only part way from the top Cif/'said plug. A.slantingchannelvor passage y10 connectsvthe lower part of. this v 9 withthe top ofgthe Irecess 7 at a point near the lower end ofi channel 8.Said plug is screwtapped :at'a
screw-threaded recess point near its" .top to allow the insertion-of thescrew 11 at right angles to and entering into the channel 8. I
12 designates the plunger rod which passes through channelS and islocked in any desired petition by means of the screw `11. `ner desired,in the present instancebeing merely provided .ular intervals,
This rod may be graduated in' any man# with circular inarks at reg; Ithas for its object to enter the mercury and, being ofmedium size, to
cause the rise .of the mercury in the tube when the rod. is lowered`and-'to cause the lowering ofv the mercury when the rod is partiallywithdrawn from the tube. it will be seen that by causing the rise andfall of the mercury this rod itself aids. greatly in the adjustment ofthe thermostat, giving it a very wide range or adj ustinent.
13 designates thevadjusting screw' which the internally screw-threadedrecess 9 and the pointl 15 of 'which makes with the mercuryA when aThus,
been attained, thus forming the circuit. l
The thermostatic device-has therefore a liquid .contactA and j a solidcontact whichy close thelelectricl circuit when they meet.
Each of .these isv independent-ly adjustable towardthe otheiginorder'thatthe making j Furthermore the screw. 13 takes part inboth ofthese adjustmentsfor it iio supplies the air-vent which makes the actionof pluno'er 12 on the fluid possible, besides positively adjusting` thecontact point 15 toward or from said duid. The wire Z) beforementioned'is secured to the upper' end of this screw and around thegroove near the lower end of the head of the'sci'ew. It might be securedto this screw of course in any suitable manner. vSo far this screw isold, but it embodies a feature which is thought' to be new. This is thevertical groove 14, extending only as far up and down as thescrew-threads, thus allowing communication between the inside of thetube and the atmosphere when the screw is not turned home and preventingthe escape of or loss4 of mercury when the screw is turned home forconvenience in shipping the article' from point to point or carrying it.
This thermostat may of course be used for regulating a heater system,for giving an alarm or other purposes of a somewhat similar nature andtherefore I have thought it best to show the thermostat by itself, withitsbattery and the two wires of the circuit, but no particular device tobe operated, for it makes no dilference what it operates. l
The mercury in the tube extends to nea-r the top thereof (see Fig. 2).
In the modification shown in Fig. 4 the air vent 16, extending throughthe side of plug 5 from the' lower end of the screwthreaded recess 9takes the place of, the groove 14 and is closed in the same way,
that is,'by turning the screw tightly home.v
The operation is as follows: Say the device is adjusted to work or toclose the circuit at SOdegrees in the drawings. lVhen that temperatureis reached the contact of point 15- and the mercury will take placeclosing the circuit and operating the apparatus which iteontrols. If itbe desired to adjust the thermostat to close the circuit at 70' degrees,the screw 11 is given about half a turn and the plunger is lowered one`mark when the screw is again tightened to lock the plunger rod inplace. This forces the'rod farther' down into the .mercury in the tubeand necessarily causes a Vhigher level of the saine. Ot' course itwillnot have to expand so much to form a contact with the point 15. If onthe other hand it be desired to adjust the thermostat to form a circuitat 90 degrees the screw 11 is given a half turn and the plunger isywithdrawn one mark when the screw is again tightened to lock theplunger rod in place. This action of course withdraws the rod one markfrom the former position in the mercury and necessarily causes a lowerlevel of the same, thus it will have to expand more to make the contact.
The screw 13has of course a fair range of they both might be adjusted totheir widest range, but it is quicker to adjust roughly by one andthen'to adjust finely by the other and as said before it gives a verywide range of adj'ustability.
Having thus 'described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:
In a tliermostatic device forming part of an electric circuit, areceptacle for containing conducting fluid, in combination with aplunger for mechanically raising or lowering the level of said Huid atwill, a closure for said receptacle having a bore through which saidplunger moves, also a threaded passage in the closure leading to theinterior of said receptacle and a screw engaging the threads of saidpassage for adjustment and having at its lower end a contact point whichenters said )assage and may be adjusted up or down tierein, this` screwbeing also provided with an air-ventI groove substantially as set forth.
In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.
l v JULIUS BOEKEL. Witnesses JOHN H. Scimmia, F. MANGOLD.
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2024-03-22
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1910-04-30
|
USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1911-02-07"
}
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US-3547709D-A
|
Corrosion-resistant uranium
United States Patent 3,547,709 CORROSION-RESISTANT URANIUM George S.Petit and Ralph R. Wright, Oak Ridge, Tenn.,
assignors to the United States of America as represented by the UnitedStates Atomic Energy Commission No Drawing. Filed May 14, 1968, Ser. No.728,910 Int. Cl. C23f 7/02 US. Cl. 148-63 10 Claims ABSTRACT OF THEDISCLOSURE Metallic uranium is provided with a surface film of uraniumoxide which is highly protective against corrosion-producing agents suchas dry or moist air and water. The corrosion-resistant uranium oxidefilm is provided by heating the uranium in an evacuated furnace to atemperature in a range of about 500 to 650 C. and then contacting theuranium with a selected quantity of dry oxygen.
The present invention relates generally to corrosionresistant uraniumand more particularly to a method of providing metallic uranium with acorrosion-resistant film of uranium oxide. This invention was made inthe course of, or under, a contract with the US. Atomic EnergyCommission.
Metallic uranium is by nature a highly reactive metal which readilyreacts with and is corroded by many gases and liquids including air andwater. Extensive investigations have been previously conducted in aneffort to minimize or obviate this corrosion problem. These efforts haveresulted in several techniques for alleviating uranium corrosion andinclude such protective measures as alloying, plastic coatings, coveringexposed surfaces with layers of nickel or aluminum by vapor deposition,electroplating with nickel, etc.
While previous techniques for protecting uranium metal from corrosionsuch as those mentioned above have met with some success, the practiceof these techniques is often very difficult and cumbersome with theresulting corrosion barrier in certain instances failing to accomplishits intended purpose. For example, the tendency of uranium metalsurfaces to become passive after preplating treatment renders uranium ahighly difficult metal to successfully plate. Further, imperviousprotective platings are not easily provided, particularly when theplatings are relatively thin, i.e., of a thickness in the order of about1 mil (0.001 of an inch).
It is the aim of the present invention to provide exposed surfaces ofmetallic uranium with a protective layer or film of uranium oxide whichis very adherent, hard, and sufliciently resistant to penetration by orreaction with air and water to prevent corrosion of the uranium evenwhen exposed to severe corrosion-causing conditions such as prolongedexposure to heated air containing water vapor. The novel protectiveuranium oxide film afforded by the present invention is formed ofuranium oxides which are not wettable by water or reactive with moist ordry air and water. These uranium oxides consist of a gradient of uraniumdioxide and lesser oxides including uranium monoxide with the uraniumdioxide being at the surface of the protective film and the uraniummonoxide being at the interface between the metallic uranium and thefilm.
An object of the present invention is to provide metallic uranium with asurface film or coating which obviates or substantially minimizescorrosion of the uranium.
Another object of the present invention is to provide metallic uraniumwith a surface film of uranium oxide which is resistant to penetrationor reaction with air and Water vapor.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a method oftreating metallic uranium in order to render the latter resistant tocorrosion by air and water. The method comprises the formation of auranium oxide film on the surface of the metallic uranium by heating theuranium in an evacuated chamber and contacting the uranium with aselected quantity of dry oxygen.
Other and further objects of the invention will be obvious upon anunderstanding of the illustrative method for protecting uranium metalfrom corrosion about to be described, or will be indicated in theappended claims, and various advantages not referred to herein willoccur to one skilled in the art upon employment of the invention inpractice.
Described generally, the present invention relates to the treatment ofuranium metal for rendering it highly resistant to attacks by normallycorrosive agents, particularly water and moist or dry air. The uraniummetal is protected from these corrosive agents by providing the uraniummetal with a surface film of uranium oxide which is composed of uraniumdioxide (U0 and lesser oxides in a gradient ranging down to uraniummonoxide (UO). This film is produced on. the metallic uranium by heatingthe uranium metal in vacuum after the surfaces thereof have beencleansed of excess naturally occurring oxides and other contaminants andthereafter contacting the heated uranium With a selected quantity ofvirtually moisture-free or dry oxygen.
The protective film of the present invention is believed to be formed bya mobile layer of U0. A thin film of U0 will form on the uranium metalin the furnace due to the residual oxygen in the furnace atmosphere andthe oxygen on the surface of the uranium metal. With the uranium metalinthe evacuated furnace a preselected quantity of oxygen is slowlyadmitted into the furnace and comes in contact with the metallicuranium. This contact between the oxygen and the thin UO film on themetallic uranium causes the U0 to consume the oxygen and form a thinlayer of U0 which, in the presence of excess uranium metal, will permitthe reaction for forming a new layer of U0. Thus, the interface betweenthe uranium oxide film and the metal continually progresses into theuranium metal while at the same time maintaining the same chemicalbonding as the initial film (U0) formed. There is probably somediifusion of oxygen through the uranium oxide film, permitting theformation of some UO due to a limited quantity of oxygen reactingdirectly with excess uranium metal at the interface. As the quantity ofexcess uranium diminishes with the increasing thickness of theprotective film, the quantityof oxygen in the film increases. Thus,there is a gradually increasing gradient of oxygen content in theprotective film from the interface surface outwardly. The structure ofthe film effected by this gradient ranges from U0 at the interface to U0at the film surface, with the latter providing the predominantproportion of the protective film thickness. An analytical determinationperformed on the protective film indicated that the oxygento-uraniumratio of the film is about 1.9. Accordingly, in a film thickness ofabout 0.2 to 1.0 mil (0.001 of an inch), the surface of the uraniummetal is protected by U0 rather than U0.
The use of excess quantities of dry oxygen for the formation of auranium oxide film on metallic uranium can be deleterious in that thefilm resulting from the exposure of the heated uranium to excessiveamounts of oxygen is a relatively thick, non-wetting layer of U0 whichis not significantly protective and which often exhibits cracking andflaking. It is believed that this nonprotective film results when asufficient quantity of dry oxygen is present to cause the directformation of U by the reaction U+O; UO rather than the indirectformation indicative by the reaction described above.
In order to provide the corrosion-resistant uranium oxide film of thepresent invention, the uranium metal to be treated must be thoroughlycleansed prior to the for mation of the protective film thereon. Thenaturally occurring uranium oxide on the surface of the metallic uraniummust be removed prior to heating the metallic uranium in the presence ofdry oxygen since this oxide inhibits the formation of the protectivefilm. The layer of natural uranium oxide may be readily removed byimmersing the uranium in an acid bath, such as, for example, a solutionof 8 N nitric acid, for approximately 20 minutes. Other contaminants maybe removed prior to the acid bath by using conventional cleansingprocedures such as scouring powders and distilled water rinses.
The best results provided by the protective uranium oxide film areobtained on metallic uranium articles having a surface finish of 80 rootmeans square (RMS) or better. Pits and irregularities in the uraniummetal produce the weakest areas in the film and corrosion will normallyoccur in these areas first, if at all. However, even when corrosionoccurs in these relatively small areas, it does not spread over theentire piece as would normally occur with uranium metal which has beensubjected to corrosion inhibiting techniques as previously practiced.
The heating of the metallic uranium for producing a protective film maybe readily accomplished in an electrically heated vacuum furnace ofconventional design that is capable of being fitted with oxygen leaks.This furnace should also be capable of being evacuated to a pressure ina range corresponding to about 1 to 10 microns and have a leak rate lessthan about one micron per hour.
After cleaning the metallic uranium article as above described, or inany other suitable manner, the uranium article is immediately placed inthe furnace, which is then sealed and evacuated to a pressure within thedesired range without delay. During this pumping down, it may bedesirable to assure an oxygen-free atmosphere within the furnace bypurging the latter with a suitable inert gas such as argon or the like.When the furnace is heated to a temperature sufficient to effect theformation of the protective film, a selected quantity of dry oxygen isintroduced into the furnace. Normally, the temperatures sufiicient toprovide the desired film are in the range of about 500 to about 650 C.It has been found that the better results occur at the highertemperatures, but care should be exercised to assure that thetemperature does not get up to or above 665 C. since uranium changesfrom the alpha to the beta phase at about this temperature. It isbelieved that the conversion of the uranium metal to the beta phaseshould be avoided since the subsequent return to the alpha phase uponcooling would be accompanied by a crystal growth which might causewarpage and disruption of the protective film. The rate of heatup of theuranium article in the furnace is not particularly critical. However,the heatup rate should be sufficiently slow to permit outgassing ofhydrogen and other entrapped gases from the uranium prior to theintroduction of the dry oxygen into the furnace.
Upon obtaining a preferred furnace temperature of about 625 C., asuitable quantity of dry oxygen is introduced into the furnace in anysuitable manner such as by providing the furnace with a number ofstandard leaks connected in parallel, with each leak being capable ofproviding the furnace volume with a particular quantity of oxygen.Satisfactory results have been achieved by using three leaks, eachcapable of providing the furnace interior with 900 microns of oxygen percubic foot per hour when treating uranium articles having a surface areaof about 7 square inches. It has been found that about 900 microns ofoxygen per cubic foot per hour in the furnace at 625 C. will provide aprotective film of about 0.25 mil thickness in one hour on a uraniumarticle having about 7 square inches of surface area. With uraniumarticles of surface areas greater than about 7 square inches,correspondingly greater quanties of oxygen are required to provideprotective films in the desired thickness range. In other words, with auranium article having a surface area of about 14 square inches, thefurnace interior should be provided with about 1800 microns of oxygenper cubic foot per hour to provide a protective film with a thickness ofabout 0.25 mil. The type of oxygen used in the furnace is highlycritical in that it is necessarily free, or virtually free, of moisturesince the protective film cannot be obtained when excessive moisture ispresent. The use of commercially available 99.9% pure oxygen has beenfound to be adequately dry for accomplishing the method of the presentinvention. The presence of an inert gas, e.g., argon, in the furnacedoes not appear to have any deleterious effects so long as it isvirtually or entirely moisture-free and does not interfere with thecontacting of the uranium article with the desired quantity of oxygen.
Successful preparation of the protective film of the present inventionis highly dependent upon the use of dry oxygen together with aleak-proof vacuum furnace since inleakage of atmospheric gases,particularly moisture-laden gases, into the furnace during treatmentconsiderably changes the character of the protective film and corrosionwill occur in a matter of a few hours. For example, a defective gasketof the furnace assembly permitted trace amounts of atmospheric air toleak into the furnace, which resulted in the films being of the wettable type which failed in a short time upon exposure to heated aircontaining water vapor.
As briefly mentioned above, the quantity of dry oxygen in the furnace iscritical in that the required reaction depends upon contacting theuranium metal with less than the quantity of oxygen which would causethe aforementioned undesirable reaction of U+Og UO The film thickness isvaried by the quantity of dry oxygen in the furnace as well as theduration which the uranium metal remains in the heated furnace. Filmthicknesses in the range of about 0.2 to 1.0 mil have been found to behighly satisfactory as corrosion inhibitors.
Upon completing the treatment of the uranium metal in the furnace, whichis usually accomplished in a duration of about one hour at 625 C., thefurnace is cooled down under vacuum to assure that the film is properlyestablished prior to exposing it to corrosion-causing conditions.
The uranium oxide film produced by the method of the present inventionprovides the uranium metal with highly corrosion-resistant coatings orfilms in that uranium metal coupons so treated have been exposed toatmospheric air at relative humidity and heated to 200 F. for durationsof over several hundred hours without any sign of corrosion or otheradverse eifects. The average life of the protective film is expected tobe somewhat greater than 600 hours under the severe test conditions justdescribed. In fact, treated coupons have been exposed to theseconditions for durations greater than 1700 hours without showing anycorrosion. An electron microscope evaluation of coupons after beingsubjected to the corrosion test indicated no evidence of any destructionof the film from the exposure or any damage to the uranium. Otherproperties or characteristics of the protective film include a hardnessof about 60-65 on the Rockwell C scale as compared to 2025 on the samescale for the uranium metal, a bluish color, a surface finish as good asthe finish on the uranium metal prior to treatment in the furnace, and areproducibility of film thickness better than :01 mil.
The corrosion resistance of the protective film produced by the presentmethod is apparently achieved because, unlike naturally occurringuranium dioxide, it is not wetted by water. A quick check to determineif a uranium article is adequately protected is to dip the article in acontainer of distilled water and, if the article sheds water uponremoval from the latter, it will be corrosion resistant. However, if thecoated uranium article is wetted by the water, as was the case with theuranium articles where the furnace was inadequately sealed due to agasket failure, the film will deteriorate in a relatively short timewhen subjected to the test conditions mentioned above.
While it is not entirely clear as to what particular mechanism providesthe non-wettability of the film and hence the corrosion protection, itis believed that it may be due to a particular crystal orientation ofthe U in the film. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate a highlypreferred 110 crystal orientation in a plane parallel to the surface ofthe uranium article. The U0, on the other hand, has a crystalorientation in the 100 plane.
In order to provide a more facile understanding of the invention, anexample of a typical operation for providing a uranium metal coupon withthe protective film of the present invention is set forth below. Thisexample is merely illustrative of the subject invention and is not to beconsidered in a limiting sense since the scope of the invention islimited only by the scope of the appended claims.
EXAMPLE Two uranium metal coupons (1%" x 1" x /s) were vapor decreased,scrubbed with scouring powder, rinsed in distilled water, bathed in 8 Nnitric acid for a period of 20 minutes, rinsed in distilled water, andthen dried with acetone. Immediately after this drying, the coupons wereplaced in a vacuum furnace of the type described above. The furnace wasimmediately sealed and evacuated, purged three times with argon, andpumped down to a pressure corresponding to microns. The furnace heaterswere then energized to heat the uranium coupons to a temperature of 625C. at a rate of 250 C. per hour. During this heatup, outgasing,particularly hydrogen, occurred. When the furnace reached thetemperature of 625 C., dry, 99.9 percent pure oxygen was admitted intothe furnace interior through one of the standard leaks at a rate of 900microns per cubic foot per hour. The dry oxygen entering the furnacevolume through this leak flowed across the exposed faces or surfaces ofthe uranium coupons for a duration of one hour for producing theprotective film on the uranium coupons by the above-described reactionU+=UO 2UO. During this period the furnace temperature was maintained atapproximately 625 C. Upon completing the one-hour tr ating period, thefurnace heaters were deenergized and the furnace permitted to cool undervacuum. The treated uranium metal coupons, which were coated with a bluefilm about 0.25 mil thick, were subjected to the corrosion testdescribed above, and after 378 hours no visible deterioration wasevident.
The results in the example just described have been confirmed bynumerous equivalent experiments. In addition, experiments have beenconducted in which some of the treatment parameters have been modifiedor chang d; for example, uranium coupons prepared for facilitating thereception of the coating as described above are treated in the vacuumfurnace in the absence of an oxygen bleed or in the presence of anotheroxygen source such as urano-uranic oxide having an excess of oxygen U,o+o). The urano-uranic oxide served as a controlled source of oxygen. Thefollowing table compares the results obtained when identical uraniumcoupons were heated in the vacuum furnace (a) with no oxygenintentionally added to the furnace atmosphere, (b) in the presence ofdry oxygen liberated from the urano-uranic oxide, and (c) in thepresence of dry oyxgen introduced through one or more of the standardleaks. The test bath referred to in the table is air heated to 200 F.with a moisture content corresponding to 100 percent relative humidity.
TABLE.-.A. BRIEF SUMMARY OF CORROSION TEST RESULT$ Average life inbefore showing Mode of formation, 1 hr. corrosion at 625 0. spots, hr.Comments U 0 as oxygen source Standard leak(s), Oz gas 600 In view ofthe data in the above table, it is apparent that a long-lived protectivefilm is not obtainable in the absence of oxygen. In fact, it is believedthat the shortlived film produced by this technique was formed by theeffect of the heat treatment of uranium oxide formed on the uraniumcoupon during the time it took to transfer the pretreated uranium couponfrom the cleaning and drying solutions to the furnace and/or traceamounts of oxygen in the furnace. The protective coatings as prepared byusing the oxygen bleeds are superior to those prepared with theurano-uranic oxide since the use of the controlled oxygen bleedsfacilitates greater control over the film thicknesses, while the excessoxygen in the urano-uranic oxide can vary from batch to batch. Anotherimportant advantage of the oxygen bleeds over the use of theurano-uranic oxide is the control over the time at which the oxygen ismost advantageously introduced into the furnace. It has been establishedthat the most desirable time for the introduction of the oxygen is whenthe furnace has reached the desired equilibrium temperature, preferably625 C. To this end it is believed that, when using the urano-uranicoxide form of oxygen, at least some of the available oxygen is consumedat lower temperatures and consequently cannot provide the desiredprotective film.
It will be seen that the present invention provides a unique protectivefilm for metallic uranium which provides protection against corrosion inmoist atmospheres, which significantly exceeds corrosion protectionprovided by previously practiced methods including platings. In fact,the present invention has an advantage over plating in that there is noappreciable removal of surface uranium (only a thin layer of the naturaloxide) in the preparation, whereas the plating operation normallyrequires removal of about 0.7 mil from each side of the uranium articleduring the pickling step utilized for preparing the uranium forreception of the plating. With the present invention it is onlynecessary to form a film of 0.2 to 0.3 mil thick in order to obtainseveral hundred hours of protection under extreme or severe conditions.Since half or more of the film thickness is below the initial metalsurface, there will be very little dimensional changes in the treateduranium article over the article prior to treatment.
As various changes may be made in the theory of the protective filmformation, film characteristics, and arrangement of the method stepsherein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention andwithout sacrificing any of its advantages, it is to be understood thatall matter herein is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in alimiting sense.
What is claimed is:
1. The method of providing a metallic uranium article with acorrosion-resistant surface of uranium oxide, comprising the steps ofremoving contaminants from the surface of the uranium article, confiningthe article in an enclosed volume, evacuating the volume to a pressuresubstantially less than atmospheric pressure, heating the uraniumarticle to a temperature greater than about 500 C. but less than thetemperature at which the uranium changes to beta phase, contacting theuranium article with oxygen at least virtually free of moisture toproduce a uranium oxide film on the surface of the article, introducingthe oxygen into the volume after heating the uranium article to thefirst-mentioned temperature, and maintaining the article a about saidfirstmentioned temperature in the presence of the oxygen for a durationsufficient to provide the film with a thickness in the range of about0.2 to about 1.0 mil, said film being characterized by beingnon-wettable by water, by being virtually free of reaction with andimpervious to dry air, moist air, and water.
2. The method claimed in claim 1, wherein the rranium oxide filmconsists essentially of uranium dioxide and lesser oxides with agradually decreasing gradient in the oxygen content in the film from theoutermost surface thereof inwardly towards the interface between thefilm and metallic uranium, and wherein the uranium oxide adjacent saidinterface consists essentially of uranium monoxide.
3. The method claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of removingcontaminants from the surface of the uranium article includes immersingthe latter in an acid bath for removing naturally occurring oxides, theuranium article is transferred into the enclosed volume after theremoval of the contaminants therefrom and the enclosed volume isevacuated within durations sufiicient to inhibit the formation of excessoxide on the uranium article prior to the heating thereof, and whereinthe pressure substantially less than atmospheric pressure is of apressure in a range corresponding to about 1 to 10 microns.
4. The method claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating of the uraniumarticle is achieved at a rate sufficient to outgas the article prior tothe oxygen contact, and wherein the temperature greater than 500 C. isabout 625 C.
5. The method claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxygen contacting theuranium article is of a quantity sufiicient to effect the reaction U+UO2UO to provide the uranium oxide film with a thickness in said rangetogether with said characteristics.
6. The method claimed in claim 5, wherein the quantity of oxygencontacting the uranium article is less than the quantity sufiicient toeffect the reaction U+O UO 7. The method claimed in claim 6, wherein theoxygen is introduced into the volume at a rate sufficient to provideabout 900 to about 2700 microns oxygen per cubic foot per hour for abouteach 7 square inches of surface area on the uranium article.
8. The method claimed in claim 7, wherein the oxygen is approximately99.9 percent pure.
9. A new article of manufacture comprising a metallic uranium substrateand a corrosion-resinstant uranium oxide film on exposed surfaces ofsaid substrate consisting es sentially of uranium dioxide and lesseroxide and characterized by being non-wettable by water and by having adecreasing gradient in oxygen content from an outermost surface of thefilm inwardly towards the interface between the film and the surface ofsaid substrate.
10. The article of manufacture claimed in claim 9, wherein the film isof a thickness in a range of about 0.2 to 1.0 mil, and wherein theuranium dioxide has a predominant crystal orientation in the 110 planeparallel to the surface of said substrate.
References Cited FOREIGN PATENTS 858,656 1/1961 Great Britain 148-6.3
RALPH S. KENDALL, Primaly Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. l4831.5
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2024-03-22
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1968-05-14
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1970-12-15"
}
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US-45100030-A
|
Starter mechanisms
Feb. 16, 1932. E. R. WHARTON STARTER MECHANISM Filed May 9, 1950Irp/grpEm Y. 5M re.
Patented Feb. 16, 1932 PATENT Fries EDWARD R. W-HABTON, F MEDFORD,MASSACHUSETTS STARTER MECHANISMS Application filed May 9, 1930. SerialNo. 451,000.
My invention relates to starting mechanisms such as are provided forstarting the operation of internal combustion engines, and it has forits object to provide an improved mechanism of this class.
One type of starter mechanism heretofore proposed is constructed withtwo members mounted upon the armature shaft of a starting motor, both ofwhich are movable relative to said armature shaft rotatively andaxially, or longitudinally. One of these members is a conical maleclutch member fitting into a conical socket provided at one end of theother female member, the opposite end of the latter being provided withone or more cam surfaces engaged by one or more studs projecting fromthe armature shaft. The male conical clutch member has compounded withit a spur pinion that is normally'held out of mesh with the driven gearof the engine by means of a spring. When the motor of a startermechanism of this type is started, the stud on the armature shaftoperates through the cam surfaces referred to, to move the two membersaxially on the shaft toward the driven gear of the engine against thepressure of the spring. This axial movement not only carried the pinioninto mesh with the driven engine gear, but it also operated to compressthe spring thereby to cause the latter to force the male conical memberinto clutching engagement with the female or socket member so that thepinion was not only meshed with the driven engine gear, but alsosimultaneously rotated with the armature shaft to start the engine.
My present invention is primarily designed to provide an improvedstarter mechanism of the type just described, and it is hereinembodiedin a starter mechanism of this type having the peculiar featuresof construction and mode of operation set. forth in the followingdescription, the several novel features of the invention beingparticularly pointed out and defined in the claims at the close thereof.
In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation of a portionof a starter mechanism constructed in accordance with my invention.
Figure 2 shows a portion of the armature shaft together with the twoclutch members mounted thereon, said two members being shown in section.
Figure 3 is a section on line 33 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an end elevation of the armature shaft together with some ofthe parts mounted thereon.
Figure 5 is an elevation of one end of the male clutch memberhereinafter described.
Figure 6 is an end view of the female clutch member hereinafterdescribed;
Having reference to the drawings, 1 shows a portion of the usual gearprovided on the fly wheel of the internal combustion engine inconnection with which my improved starter mechanism is employed.
Suitably supported adjacent the engine gear 1 is an electric motor 2whose armature shaft 3 has loosely mounted on it two clutch members 4and 5..- The clutch member 4: is made at one end with a conical endportion or head, 1a to fit into a complementary conical socket 5aprovided at the inner end of the female clutch member 5. V i
At its outer end the female clutch member 5, which is in the form of asleeve, is constructed with two diametrically opposite spiral slots 6,6, each of which is occupied by a stud 7 projecting from the armatureshaft 8, or rather from a collar 8 that is fixed to said shaft by meansof a set screw 9 that is locked, as usual, against accidental looseningby means of a split wire ring 10 occupying an annular groove providedupon the outside of the collar 8. Each spiral slot 6 has two opposedparallel cam side walls 11 and 12.
When the electric motor 2 is started, its armature shaft is driven inthe direction indicated by the arrow and each stud acts against the camside wall 11 of its slot to move the female member axially on thearmature shaft 3 toward the engine gear 1 against the pressure of aspring 18. 1
The male clutch member 4 is also a sleeve surrounding spring 13 andloosely mounted upon the armature shaft, said member being made with adriving pinion 15 which is nor mally just out of mesh with the enginegear 1 as shown in Fig. 1. It will therefore be 1 clear that when theelectric motor is started the inertia of the two clutch members forcesthe studs 7 to act against the cam side walls 11 to shift both clutchmembers toward the engine gear 1 thus moving the pinion 15 into meshwith said engine gear 1 so that the latter is rotated thereby to startthe engine.
The spring 13 abuts at one end against a shoulder 3a on armature shaft 3and at its opposite end against a shoulder on clutch member 4.Therefore, when the armature shaft 3 is started and the two clutchmembers are moved toward the engine gear 1, as described, the spring 13is compressed andwhen the engine has been started and the armature shaft3 is stopped, the spring 13 assisted by the now running engine gear 1restores the clutch members to their normal positions where the pinion15 is just out of mesh with said gear 1.
The conical portion of the male clutch member 4 is provided withlongitudinally disposed ribs 17, each adapted to occupy a shallowlongitudinal groove 18 provided within the socket 5a of the femaleclutch member 5. These ribs 17 and grooves 18 are made round ed,circumferentially, and comparatively shallow.
Thus the two clutch members 4 and 5 are not only frictionally coupledtogether but also are more or less interlocked by the intermeshinggrooves and ribs so that rotative motion is transmitted from the femalemember to the male member through the engagement of opposed shoulders onsaid members, as well as through the frictional adherence resulting fromthe conical shapes of the coacting parts of the two clutch members.
It is a feature of my present invention that the ribs 17 are constitutedby dove-tail cog inserts each forced into position within a longitudinalclove-tail socket 40 provided upon the conical portion of the clutchmember 4.
This construction permits of making the ribs 17 of one material, forexample bronze,
' 11 of each slot 6 is provided with a stop or abutment shoulder 56 bywhich the movement of the two clutch members toward gear 1 is limitedthrough the engagement therewith of the studs 7. If desired, however,the spring 13 may, as heretofore, be constructed so that when pinion 15is fully in mesh with the gear 1 all of the convolutions of said springare closed and therefore the latter may serve as a rigid abutment alsoto limit the movement of the clutch members toward gear 1. This,
however, is not essential when the slots 6 are constructed with the stopshoulders or abutments 5b.
Continued operation and use of a starter mechanism of this typeincluding a spring 13 often, and usually, results in setting said springin a more or less abnormally compressed condition so that it washeretofore possible for the pinion 15 to drift into mesh with the gear 1while the latter was rotating causing grinding noises and injury to themechanism.
To obviate this obj ectionable feature characterizing mechanisms of thistype as heretofore constructed, I have provided a double spiral spring19 whereof one end portion 19a surrounds the female clutch member 5while the opposite end portion 19d surrounds the male clutch member 4.
Between these two end portions the said doublespring 19 is securelyconfined within a socket 20 provided in a flange 21 at the inner end ofthe female clutch member 5. Thus relative rotary and endwise movementbetween female clutch member 5 and the spiral end portion 19a of spring19 is prevented, while relatively rotary movement between the oppositeend portion 19b and the male clutch member 1 is permitted. 7
The free end of the portion 19b of spring19 encircles the intermediateportion of the male clutch member i and abuts an annular shoulderprovided at the inner end of the conical head of said male clutch memberso that it acts yieldingly to hold said male clutch mem her inengagement with the female clutch member 5. Thus if through continueduse the spring 13 becomes set in more less compressed condition, the endportion 19b of the spring 19 will prevent male clutch member 4 fromdrifting into contact wit-h, or dragging upon, the engine gear 1 whilethe latter is rotating.
As illustrated in Fig. 4 the extremity of the end portion 19a of spring19 is associated with one of the studs 7 so as to function as a springlatch which yieldingly holds said stud at the inner end of its slot 6,normally. Thus the female clutch member 5 is prevented from driftingrelatively to stud 7 and toward gear 1 by the latch portion 19a ofspring 19, while the opposite end portion 19b of said spring preventsthe male clutch member 4 from drifting away from the female member 5toward gear 1, as described.
What I claim is:
1. In a starter mechanism, the combination with an engine gear, of adriving shaft; a pair of co-acting clutch members movabl} andtelescopically mounted on said shaft end to end, one of which isprovided with a pinion to co-operate with said gear; a spring mounted onone of said members and engaging the other member to yieldingly holdsaid members against separating; means yieldingly holding said membersnormally in a position its where said pinion is out of engagement withsaid gear, and means connecting the other clutch member with said shaftthrough which the latter acts when started in motion to shift saidmembers axially thereon thereby to move said pinion into engagement withsaid gear and then positively to rotate said last mentioned clutchmember which in turn yieldingly drives said pinion member.
2. In a starter mechanism, the combination with an engine gear, of adriving shaft;
21 pair of co-acting clutch members movably and telescopically mountedon said shaft end to end, one of which is provided with a pinion toco-operate with said gear; a spring yieldingly holding said membersnormally in positions where said pinion is out of engagement with saidgear; other spring means by which said members are yieldingly andnormally held in clutching engagement independently of said firstmentioned spring and by which the other clutch member is yieldingly heldagainst rotation relatively to said shaft while said gear and pinion areout of mesh, and means connecting said other clutch member with saidshaft through which the latter acts when started in motion to shift saidmembers axially thereon thereby to move said pinion into engagement withsaid gear and then positively to rotate said other clutch member whichin turn yieldingly drives said pinion member.
3. In a starter mechanism, the combination with an engine gear, of adriving shaft; a pinion loosely mounted on said shaft; a sleeve looselymounted on said shaft and having driving connection with said pinion,said sleeve being formed with a spiral cam surface; a stud on said shaftengaging said cam surface to shift said sleeve and pinion toward saidgear when said shaft is started in rotation; a spring for yieldinglyurging said pinion and sleeve in the opposite direction and foryieldingly holding the same normally at the limit of their movement awayfrom said gear, and a spring latch on said sleeve engaging said studthereby to yieldingly hold said stud and sleeve against relativerotative displacement while the latter is at the limit of its movementaway from said gear.
Signed by me at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, this fifth day ofMay, 1930.
EDWARD R. W'HARTON.
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2024-03-22
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1930-05-09
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
|
{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1932-02-16"
}
|
US-41246854-A
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Thermal overload switch
Nov. 20, 1956 D. E. MORAN 2,771,528
THERMAL OVERLOAD SWITCH Filed Feb. '25, 1954 [n l/en tor.- Don E/Vorarz,
his Attorney.
United States Patent THERMAL OVERLOAD SWITCH Don E. Moran, Morrison,11]., assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New YorkApplication February 25, 1954, Serial No. 412,468
Claims. (Cl. 200-122) This invention relates to thermal overloadswitches and more particularly to thermal overload switches of theautomatically resetting type.
Thermal overload switches are frequently used to provide thermalprotection for electrical apparatus, such as electric motors. One formof such a device incorporates a bimetallic element carrying a movablecontact which cooperates with a stationary contact, the bimetallicelement and the stationary contact being serially connected in thecircuit to be protected. A heater may also be arranged in heat transferrelationship to the bimetallic element and may be arranged either forconnection in series with the bimetallic element and the stationarycontact, or in another circuit. Thus, such a device may be maderesponsive to both the supporting ambient temperature and overloadcurrent. It is desirable in some applications for such devices that theswitch after opening in response to an overload, automatically resetitself when the surrounding ambient temperature has fallen to apredetermined level. It is further desirable that both the tripping andresetting temperatures be readily and independently adjustable and thatthe device be simple, easy to assemble and inexpensive.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a thermaloverload switch incorporating the desirable features set forth above.
Further objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent byreference to the following description and the accompanying drawing, andthe features of novelty which characterize this invention will bepointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming apart of this specification.
This invention in its broadest aspects provides a thermal overloadswitch having a housing member with a cavity formed therein. A mountingmember is positioned in the cavity spaced from the bottom thereof andextending substantially across the cavity. A bimetallic element isarranged in the cavity intermediate the housing member bottom and themounting member and has one extremity secured to the mounting memberadjacent one end thereof. A movable contact is mounted adjacent theother extremity of the bimetallic element and cooperates with astationary contact. The mounting member is normally longitudinally bowedaway from the housing member bottom and means are provided forselectively deflecting the mounting member toward the housing memberbottom in order to set one characteristic of the switch, for example,the tripping temperature. The mounting member has a portion extendingtoward the bimetallic element to limit the movement thereof in order toset another characteristic or" the switch, for example, the resettingtemperature.
In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a top view of the improved thermal overloadswitch of this invention;
Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the switch of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 33 of Fig. l andshowing the switch in the contacts closed position;
2,771,528 Patented Nov. 20, 1956 Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3showing the contacts in the open position; and
Fig. 5 is an exploded view in perspective, partially broken away,showing the assembly of the device of Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive.
Referring now to the figures of the drawing, the improved thermaloverload switch 1 is provided with a cup-shaped housing member 2 formedof suitable insulating material, such as a molded plastic. Housingmember 2 has a cavity 3 formed therein and an annular step 4 formed inthe inner wall 5 divides cavity 3 into upper portion 6 and lower portion7.
A mounting member 8, formed of relatively thin strip conductivematerial, such as steel, is provided, having projections 9 at one endthereof and projections 10 at the other end thereof seated on andengaging step 4, thus positioning mounting member 8 in the upper portion6 of cavity 3. Mounting member 8 has a portion 11 extending downwardlybetween extensions 9 and through an opening 12 in bottom 13 of housingmember 2. The extremity 14 of portion 11 is preferably curved, as shownin Figs. 3 and 4, to form one external terminal of the device. Theportion 11 is preferably provided with ears 15 which, after the portion11 has been inserted in opening 12, are bent inwardly engaging thebottom surface of bottom 13 thus locking mounting member 8 in place.Mounting member 8 has an indentation 16 formed therein adjacentextensions 9 for the purpose now to be described.
A bimetallic element 17 is provided, preferably having a substantiallyO-shaped configuration, as best seen in Fig. 5. A point 18 adjacent theedge of bimetallic element 17 is secured to indentation 16 in mountingmember 8 in any suitable manner, as by spot welding and an indentation19 is also formed in bimetallic element 17 opposite from point 18 andextending toward the bottom 13 of housing member 2. The indentation 19prestresses the bimetallic element 17 to provide the requisite snapaction in response to temperature changes. A movable contact 20 issecured to the underside of indentation 19 of bimetallic element 17 inany suitable manner, as by riveting or spot welding.
A terminal member 21 is provided extending through opening 22 in bottom13 of housing member 2 and having its extension 23 preferably curved asshown in Figs. 3 and 4 to provide a second external terminal. Terminalmember 21 has a portion 24 positioned in lower portion 7 of cavity 3 andgenerally disposed at right angles to the portion of member 21positioned in the opening 22. Here again, ears 25 on terminal member 21are bent inwardly after terminal member 21 is assembled in opening 22and serve to lock terminal member 21 in place. A suitable stationarycontact 26 is mounted on portion 24 of terminal member 21 and cooperateswith movable contact 20 on bimetallic element 17. It is now seen that acircuit may be provided from external terminal 14 through mountingmember 8, bimetallic element 17, movable contact 20, stationary contact26, and terminal member 21 to external terminal 23 and that bimetallicelement 17 will move in response to a predetermined ambient temperatureto separate movable contact 24) from stationary contact 26, as shown inFig. 4.
In order to render the thermal overload switch of this inventionresponsive to excessive current as well as to excessive ambienttemperature the arrangement now to be described is provided. Anotherterminal member 27 is provided positioned in opening 28 in bottom 13 ofhousing member 2. The extension 29 of terminal member 27 is alsopreferably curved to form a third external terminal. Terminal member 27has a portion 30 positioned in lower portion 7 of cavity 3 and disposedat right angles to the portion of terminal member 27. in opening 28. Asuitable heater coil 31 is provided in lower portion 7 of cavity 3 inheat transfer relationship with bimetallic element 17. Heater 31 has oneend 32 secured to the underside of portion 24 of terminal member 21 inany suitable manner, as by brazing or soldering, and has its other end33 similarly connected to portion 30 of terminal member 27. It is nowseen that a circuit may be provided from external terminal 14 throughmounting member 8, bimetallic element 17, movable contact 24),stationary contact 26, and heater 31 to external terminal N.Alternatively, one circuit may be established through external terminal14 through mounting member 8, bimetallic element 17, movable contact 29,and stationary contact 26 to external terminal 23 and another circuitestablished from external terminal. 29 through heater 31 to externalterminal 23.
It will be seen by reference to Figs. 3 and 4, that mount ing member 8is normally bowed outwardly away from bottom 13 of housing member 2, asat 34. Mounting member 8 has an opening 35 in the center thereof and athreaded opening 36 is formed in bottom 13 of housing member 2. Asuitable screw 37 seated in opening 35 in mounting member 8 with itshead engaging top surface of the mounting member and with its other endthreadingly engaging threaded opening an in bottom 13 of housing member2. it is now readily seen that mounting member 3 may be deflected towardbottom 13 by means of screw 37. A deflection of member 8 toward bottom13 increases the pressure applied by bimetallic element 17 followingengagement of movable contact 20 with stationary contact 2d and thuslowers the tripping temperature. Conversely, unscrewing screw 37 so thatmounting member 8 is deflected away from bottom 13 decreases the contactpressure and raises the tripping temperature.
In order to set the resetting temperature, mounting member 8 is providedwith a tab portion 38 between extensions 10. Tab portion 38 is bentdownwardly to limit the upward movement of bimetallic element 17 andthus to set the resetting temperature. Tab portion 38 may be bent bymeans of suitable tools in order to selectively adjust the resettingtemperature. In order to adjust the tripping temperature, the device isplaced in the ambient temperature at which the device is required totrip. The screw 37 is adjusted until bimetallic element 17 snaps fromthe position shown in Fig. 3 to the position shown in Fig. 4. in orderto adjust the resetting temperature, the device is placed in the ambienttemperature at which it is required to automatically reset and the tabportion 38 of mounting member 8 is bent downwardly until bimetallicelement 17 snaps back to the contacts closed position.
Referring specifically to Fig. 5, the improved thermal overload switchof this invention is assembled by first positioning terminal members 21and 27 with the attached heater 31 in openings 22 and 28 in bottomportion 13 of housing member 2. Portion 11 of mounting member 8 is thenpositioned in opening 12 in bottom 13 and lastly screw 37 is insertedthrough opening 35 in mounting member 8 and threaded into opening 36 inbottom 13.
it is now seen that this invention provides an extremely simpleautomatic resetting thermal overload switch incorporating only eightcomponent parts. The switch is simple to assemble, simple to adjust, andthus relatively inexpensive. While a single heater 31 is shown, it willbe readily understood that the device may be utilized without a heater31, or with more than one heater if desired.
While 1 have shown and described a particular embodiment of thisinvention, further modifications and improvements will. occur to thoseskilled in the art. I desire it to be understood therefore that thisinvention is not limited to the particular form shown and I intend inthe therein, a metallic mounting member positioned in said cavity spacedfrom the bottom thereof and extending substantially across the same,said mounting member having a portion extending through said housingmember bottom to form an external terminal, a bimetallic element in saidcavity intermediate said housing member bottom and said mounting memberand having a point thereon secured to said mounting member adjacent oneend thereof. a. movable contact mounted on said bimetallic elementopposite from said point and facing said housing member bottom, aterminal member having one end in said cavity and extending through saidhousing member bottom to form a second external terminal, a stationarycontact mounted on said one end of said terminal mem her and cooperatingwith said movable contact, another terminal member having one end insaid cavity and extending through said housing member bottom to form athird external terminal, a heater positioned in said cavity and havingits ends respectively connected to said one end of said terminalmembers, said mounting member being normally longitudinally bowed awayfrom said housing member bottom, and means for selectively deflectingsaid mounting member toward said bottom thereby to set onecharacteristic of said switch, .said mounting member having a portionextending toward said bimetallic element and adapted to limit movementof the same thereby to set another characteristic of said switch.
2. A thermal overload switch comprising a housing member of insulatingmaterial having a cavity formed therein, said housing member having astep formed in its inner wall thereby dividing said cavity into an upperlarger portion and a lower smaller portion, a metallic mounting memberpositioned in said upper cavity portion extending substantially acrossthe same and engaging said step, said mounting member having a portionextending from one end thereof and through said housing member bottom toform an external terminal, a bimetallic element in said lower cavityportion having a point thereon secured to said mounting member adjacentone end thereof, a movable contact mounted on said bimetallic elementopposite from said point and facing said housing member bottom, aterminal member having one end in said lower cavity portion andextending through said housing member bottom to form a second externalterminal, a stationary contact mounted on said one end of said terminalmember cooperating with said movable contact. said mounting member beingnormally longitudinally bowed away from said housing member bottom, saidhousing member bottom having a threaded opening formed therein, andscrew means engaging housing memher bottom opening and said mountingmember for selectively deflecting the same toward said bottom thereby toset the tripping temperature of said switch, said mounting member havinganother portion extending from the other end thereof toward saidbimetallic element, said other mounting member portion being selectivelydeflectible thereby to place a predetermined limit on the, movement ofsaid bimetallic element whereby the resetting temperature of said switchis set.
3. A thermal overload switch comprising a housing member of insulatingmaterial having a cavity formed therein, a metallic mounting memberpositioned in said cavity spaced from the bottom thereof and extendingsubstantially across the same, said mounting member having a portionextending from one end thereof and through said housing member bottom toform an external terminal, a substantially O-shaped bimetallic elementin said. cavity intermediate said housing member bottom and saidmounting member and having a point thereon secured to said mountingmember adjacent one end thereof, a movable contact mounted on saidbimetallic element opposite from said point and facing said housingmember bottom, a terminal member having one end in said cavity extendingthrough said housing member bottom to form a second external terminal, astationary contact mounted on said one end of said terminal member andcooperating with said movable contact, said mounting member beingnormally longitudinally bowed away from said housing member bottom, saidhousing member bottom having a threaded opening formed therein, andscrew means engaging said housing member bottom opening and saidmounting member for selectively deflecting the same toward said bottomthereby to set the tripping temperature of said switch, said mountingmember having another portion extending from the other end thereoftoward said bimetallic element, said other mounting member portion beingselectively deflectible thereby to place a predetermined limit on themovement of said bimetallic element whereby the resetting temperature ofsaid switch is set.
4. A thermal overload switch comprising a housing member of insulatingmaterial having a cavity formed therein, a metallic mounting memberpositioned in said cavity spaced from the bottom thereof and extendingsubstantially across the same, said mounting member having a portionextending from one end thereof and through said housing member bottom toform an external terminal, a substantially O-shaped bimetallic elementin said cavity intermediate said housing member bottom in said mountingmember and having a point thereon secured to said mounting memberadjacent one end thereof, a movable contact mounted on said bimetallicelement opposite from said point and facing said housing member bottom,a terminal member having one end in said cavity extending through saidhousing member bottom to form a second external terminal, a stationarycontact mounted on said one end of said terminal member and cooperatingwith said movable contact, another terminal member having one end insaid cavity and extending through sail housing member bottom to form athird external ter minal, a heater positioned in said cavityintermediate said bimetallic element and said housing member bottom andhaving its ends respectively connected to said one end of said terminalmembers, said mounting member being normally longitudinally bowed awayfrom said housing member bottom, said housing member bottom having athreaded opening formed therein, and screw means engaging said housingmember bottom opening and said mounting member for selectivelydeflecting the same toward said bottom thereby to present the trippingtem perature of said switch, said mounting member having another portionextending from the other end thereof toward said bimetallic element,said other mounting member portion being selectively deflectible therebyto place a predetermined limit on the movement of said bimetallicelement whereby the resetting temperature of said switch is set.
5. A thermal switch comprising a housing member of insulating materialhaving a cavity formed therein, said housing member having a step formedin its inner wall thereby dividing said cavity into an upper largerportion and a lower smaller portion, a metallic mounting memberpositioned in said upper cavity portion extending substantially acrossthe same and engaging said step, said mounting member having a portionextending from one end thereof and through said housing member bottom toform an external terminal, a substantially O-shaped bimetallic elementin said lower cavity portion and having a point thereon secured to saidmounting member adjacent one end thereof, said bimetallic element havingan indentation formed therein opposite said point and extending towardsaid housing member bottom, a movable contact mounted on saidindentation and facing toward said housing member bottom, a terminalmember having one end in said lower cavity portion extending throughsaid housing member bottom to form a second external terminal, astationary contact mounted on said one end of said terminal member andcooperating with said movable contact, another terminal member havingone end in said lower cavity portion and extending through said housingmember bottom to form a third external terminal, a heater positioned insaid lower cavity portion intermediate said bimetallic element and saidhousing member bottom and having its ends respectively connected to saidone end of said terminal members, said mounting member being normallylongitudinally bowed away from said housing member bottom, said housingmember bottom having a threaded opening formed therein, and screw meansengaging said housing member bottom opening and said mounting member forselectively deflecting the same toward said bottom thereby to reset thetripping temperature of said switch, said mounting member having anotherportion extending from the other end thereof toward said bimetallicelement, said other mounting member portion being selectivelydeflectible thereby to place a predetermined limit on the movement ofsaid bimetallic element whereby the resetting temperature of said switchis set.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,511,352 Miller Oct. 14, 1924 1,621,056 Bradshaw Mar. 15, 19272,044,147 Bletz June 16, 1936 2,587,789 Talmadge et al Mar. 4, 19522,611,855 Turner Sept. 23, 1952 2,647,189 De Puy July 28, 1953 2,651,696Seely Sept. 8, 1953
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2024-03-22
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1954-02-25
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USPTO-Google Patents Public Data
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{
"license": "Creative Commons - Attribution - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"language": "en",
"publication_date": "1956-11-20"
}
|
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