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twenty-five barons referred to below in the clause for securing the
peace together with Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, if he can be
present, and such others as he wishes to bring with him. If the
archbishop cannot be present, proceedings shall continue without him,
provided that if any of the twenty-five barons has been involved in a
similar suit himself, his judgement shall be set aside, and someone
else chosen and sworn in his place, as a substitute for the single
occasion, by the rest of the twenty-five.

* If we have deprived or dispossessed any Welshmen of lands, liberties,
or anything else in England or in Wales, without the lawful judgement
of their equals, these are at once to be returned to them. A dispute on
this point shall be determined in the Marches by the judgement of
equals. English law shall apply to holdings of land in England, Welsh
law to those in Wales, and the law of the Marches to those in the
Marches. The Welsh shall treat us and ours in the same way.

* In cases where a Welshman was deprived or dispossessed of anything,
without the lawful judgement of his equals, by our father King Henry or
our brother King Richard, and it remains in our hands or is held by
others under our warranty, we shall have respite for the period
commonly allowed to Crusaders, unless a lawsuit had been begun, or an
enquiry had been made at our order, before we took the Cross as a
Crusader. But on our return from the Crusade, or if we abandon it, we
will at once do full justice according to the laws of Wales and the
said regions.

* We will at once return the son of Llywelyn, all Welsh hostages, and
the charters delivered to us as security for the peace.

* With regard to the return of the sisters and hostages of Alexander,
king of Scotland, his liberties and his rights, we will treat him in
the same way as our other barons of England, unless it appears from the
charters that we hold from his father William, formerly king of
Scotland, that he should be treated otherwise. This matter shall be
resolved by the judgement of his equals in our court.

* All these customs and liberties that we have granted shall be
observed in our kingdom in so far as concerns our own relations with
our subjects. Let all men of our kingdom, whether clergy or laymen,
observe them similarly in their relations with their own men.

***Strange characters may have ended here.

SINCE WE HAVE GRANTED ALL THESE THINGS for God, for the better ordering
of our kingdom, and to allay the discord that has arisen between us and
our barons, and since we desire that they shall be enjoyed in their
entirety, with lasting strength, for ever, we give and grant to the
barons the following security:

* The barons shall elect twenty-five of their number to keep, and cause
to be observed with all their might, the peace and liberties granted
and confirmed to them by this charter.

* If we, our chief justice, our officials, or any of our servants
offend in any respect against any man, or transgress any of the
articles of the peace or of this security, and the offence is made
known to four of the said twenty-five barons, they shall come to us -
or in our absence from the kingdom to the chief justice - to declare it
and claim immediate redress. If we, or in our absence abroad the chief
justice, make no redress within forty days, reckoning from the day on
which the offence was declared to us or to him, the four barons shall
refer the matter to the rest of the twenty-five barons, who may
distrain upon and assail us in every way possible, with the support of
the whole community of the land, by seizing our castles, lands,
possessions, or anything else saving only our own person and those of
the queen and our children, until they have secured such redress as
they have determined upon. Having secured the redress, they may then
resume their normal obedience to us.

* Any man who so desires may take an oath to obey the commands of the
twenty-five barons for the achievement of these ends, and to join with
them in assailing us to the utmost of his power. We give public and
free permission to take this oath to any man who so desires, and at no
time will we prohibit any man from taking it. Indeed, we will compel
any of our subjects who are unwilling to take it to swear it at our
command.

* If one of the twenty-five barons dies or leaves the country, or is
prevented in any other way from discharging his duties, the rest of
them shall choose another baron in his place, at their discretion, who
shall be duly sworn in as they were.

* In the event of disagreement among the twenty-five barons on any
matter referred to them for decision, the verdict of the majority
present shall have the same validity as a unanimous verdict of the
whole twenty-five, whether these were all present or some of those
summoned were unwilling or unable to appear.

* The twenty-five barons shall swear to obey all the above articles
faithfully, and shall cause them to be obeyed by others to the best of
their power.

* We will not seek to procure from anyone, either by our own efforts or
those of a third party, anything by which any part of these concessions
or liberties might be revoked or diminished. Should such a thing be
procured, it shall be null and void and we will at no time make use of
it, either ourselves or through a third party.

We have remitted and pardoned fully to all men any ill-will, hurt, or

twenty-five barons referred to below in the clause for securing the

peace together with Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, if he can be

present, and such others as he wishes to bring with him. If the

archbishop cannot be present, proceedings shall continue without him,

provided that if any of the twenty-five barons has been involved in a

similar suit himself, his judgement shall be set aside, and someone

else chosen and sworn in his place, as a substitute for the single

occasion, by the rest of the twenty-five.

* If we have deprived or dispossessed any Welshmen of lands, liberties,

or anything else in England or in Wales, without the lawful judgement

of their equals, these are at once to be returned to them. A dispute on

this point shall be determined in the Marches by the judgement of

equals. English law shall apply to holdings of land in England, Welsh

law to those in Wales, and the law of the Marches to those in the

Marches. The Welsh shall treat us and ours in the same way.

* In cases where a Welshman was deprived or dispossessed of anything,

without the lawful judgement of his equals, by our father King Henry or

our brother King Richard, and it remains in our hands or is held by

others under our warranty, we shall have respite for the period

commonly allowed to Crusaders, unless a lawsuit had been begun, or an

enquiry had been made at our order, before we took the Cross as a

Crusader. But on our return from the Crusade, or if we abandon it, we

will at once do full justice according to the laws of Wales and the

said regions.

* We will at once return the son of Llywelyn, all Welsh hostages, and

the charters delivered to us as security for the peace.

* With regard to the return of the sisters and hostages of Alexander,

king of Scotland, his liberties and his rights, we will treat him in

the same way as our other barons of England, unless it appears from the

charters that we hold from his father William, formerly king of

Scotland, that he should be treated otherwise. This matter shall be

resolved by the judgement of his equals in our court.

* All these customs and liberties that we have granted shall be

observed in our kingdom in so far as concerns our own relations with

our subjects. Let all men of our kingdom, whether clergy or laymen,

observe them similarly in their relations with their own men.

***Strange characters may have ended here.

SINCE WE HAVE GRANTED ALL THESE THINGS for God, for the better ordering

of our kingdom, and to allay the discord that has arisen between us and

our barons, and since we desire that they shall be enjoyed in their

entirety, with lasting strength, for ever, we give and grant to the

barons the following security:

* The barons shall elect twenty-five of their number to keep, and cause

to be observed with all their might, the peace and liberties granted

and confirmed to them by this charter.

* If we, our chief justice, our officials, or any of our servants

offend in any respect against any man, or transgress any of the

articles of the peace or of this security, and the offence is made

known to four of the said twenty-five barons, they shall come to us -

or in our absence from the kingdom to the chief justice - to declare it

and claim immediate redress. If we, or in our absence abroad the chief

justice, make no redress within forty days, reckoning from the day on

which the offence was declared to us or to him, the four barons shall

refer the matter to the rest of the twenty-five barons, who may

distrain upon and assail us in every way possible, with the support of

the whole community of the land, by seizing our castles, lands,

possessions, or anything else saving only our own person and those of

the queen and our children, until they have secured such redress as

they have determined upon. Having secured the redress, they may then

resume their normal obedience to us.

* Any man who so desires may take an oath to obey the commands of the

twenty-five barons for the achievement of these ends, and to join with

them in assailing us to the utmost of his power. We give public and

free permission to take this oath to any man who so desires, and at no

time will we prohibit any man from taking it. Indeed, we will compel

any of our subjects who are unwilling to take it to swear it at our

command.

* If one of the twenty-five barons dies or leaves the country, or is

prevented in any other way from discharging his duties, the rest of

them shall choose another baron in his place, at their discretion, who

shall be duly sworn in as they were.

* In the event of disagreement among the twenty-five barons on any

matter referred to them for decision, the verdict of the majority

present shall have the same validity as a unanimous verdict of the

whole twenty-five, whether these were all present or some of those

summoned were unwilling or unable to appear.

* The twenty-five barons shall swear to obey all the above articles

faithfully, and shall cause them to be obeyed by others to the best of

their power.

* We will not seek to procure from anyone, either by our own efforts or

those of a third party, anything by which any part of these concessions

or liberties might be revoked or diminished. Should such a thing be

procured, it shall be null and void and we will at no time make use of

it, either ourselves or through a third party.

We have remitted and pardoned fully to all men any ill-will, hurt, or