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Safety of union home care aides in Washington State.
A rate-based understanding of home care aides' adverse occupational outcomes related to their work location and care tasks is lacking. Within a 30-month, dynamic cohort of 43 394 home care aides in Washington State, injury rates were calculated by aides' demographic and work characteristics. Injury narratives and focus groups provided contextual detail. Injury rates were higher for home care aides categorized as female, white, 50 to <65 years old, less experienced, with a primary language of English, and working through an agency (versus individual providers). In addition to direct occupational hazards, variability in workload, income, and supervisory/social support is of concern. Policies should address the roles and training of home care aides, consumers, and managers/supervisors. Home care aides' improved access to often-existing resources to identify, manage, and eliminate occupational hazards is called for to prevent injuries and address concerns related to the vulnerability of this needed workforce. |
The present invention is directed generally to telephony devices, and more particular, to telephony devices having integrated messaging capabilities.
As the telecommunications industry has grown, the number and different types of telephony devices has also dramatically increased. The use of telephony devices in mobile and cordless environments has also increased accordingly. There has also been an increased need and interest in providing reliable and easy to use peripheral devices such as answering machines, caller ID boxes, and the like.
Digital answering machines have gained wide spread use by the telecommunications consumers. A typical digital answering machine is formed as a stand alone device which is coupled between a telephone and the subscriber line of the telephone in order to intercept and answer an incoming call under predefined conditions. The answering machine also provides the capability of storing messages from the calling party for later retrieval.
Various approaches have been taken to integrate the functionality of an answering machine within a telephone. For example, the basic components of the digital answering machine have been incorporated into a telephone. Such systems typically include a digital voice memory for storing messages, including broadcast messages and received messages, and a digital signal processor (DSP) dedicated to answering machine functions such as compression of the messages, storage and retrieval. Another approach for integrating answering machine functions within an existing telephone is to provide an answering service remote from the telephone. This type of service routes unanswered calls to the remote answering service where messages are stored for access over the subscriber line.
As the telecommunications industry continues to grow, there remains an interest in providing increased accessibility to the various telephony functions including answering functions. It is also desirable, however, to reduce the overall costs of the various telephony devices. Thus, there is generally a tension between a desire to provide added functionality while meeting the demands of lower costs.
Generally, the present invention relates to communication devices having integrated messaging capabilities. In one particular embodiment, a communication device is provided which operates in a communication mode and a message mode. The communication device includes a speaker, a receiver provided to receive signals of a call received from a calling party and a memory arrangement for storing messages. A processor is coupled to the memory arrangement and is configured to code and decode signals in accordance with a cordless communication compression scheme used for cordless communication when in the communication mode. The processor is further configured to code signals received from the calling party, using the wireless communication compression scheme, for storage in the memory arrangement as a message when in the message mode.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a cordless telephone system having message recording capabilities is provided. The cordless phone includes a base station coupled to a switched telephone network. The base station includes a base station processing unit configured to receive signals from the switched telephone network and to code and decode the signals in accordance with a wireless transmission compression scheme. The base station further includes a transmitter/receiver coupled to the processing unit to transmit/receive coded signals. The cordless phone further includes a handset having a transmitter/receiver configured to transmit/receive coded signals for wireless communication with the base station, and a handset processing unit, coupled to the transmitter/receiver, configured to code and decode signals transmitted to and received from the base station. A memory arrangement is provided within the base station or the handset and is coupled respectively to either the base station processing unit or the handset processing unit. The memory arrangement is used to store messages which are coded by the respective one of the base station processing unit and the handset processing unit using the wireless transmission compression scheme.
One embodiment of the invention provides messaging functions within a cordless phone system. In operation, the base station receives a call from a calling party. The cordless phone retrieves a broadcast message from a memory arrangement of the cordless phone in response to initiation of a message mode. The broadcast message is transmitted from the base station to the calling party. A message from the calling party is received at the base station and coded using a cordless transmission compression scheme used for cordless communication between the base station and the handset. The coded message from the calling party is stored in the memory arrangement of the cordless phone.
In one particular embodiment, data transmitted between the base station and the handset are coded using adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM). In a further embodiment, the messages stored in the memory arrangement are also coded using ADPCM.
The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The figures and the detailed description which follow more particularly exemplify these embodiments. |
It is generally known that a semiconductor having few crystal defects and good crystallinity is grown on a substrate by using a substrate lattice-matched with the semiconductor to be grown. There is, however, no substrate that is lattice-matched with a nitride semiconductor, has excellent crystallinity, and allows a nitride semiconductor crystal-to be stably grown. For this reason, there is no choice but to grow a nitride semiconductor on a substrate, e.g., a sapphire, spinnel, or silicon carbide substrate, that is not lattice-matched with nitride semiconductors.
Various research institutes have made attempts to manufacture GaN bulk crystals that are lattice-matched with nitride semiconductors. However, it has only been reported that GaN bulk crystals having sizes of several millimeters are obtained. That is, any practical GaN bulk crystal like the one from which many wafers are cut to be actually used as substrates for the growth of nitride semiconductor layers has not been obtained.
As a technique of manufacturing GaN substrates, for example, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication Nos. 7-202265 and 7-165498 disclose a technique of forming a ZnO buffer layer on a sapphire substrate, growing a nitride semiconductor on the ZnO buffer layer, and dissolving and removing the ZnO buffer layer. However, since the ZnO buffer layer grown on the sapphire substrate has poor crystallinity, it is difficult to obtain a nitride semiconductor crystal having good quality by growing a nitride semiconductor on the buffer layer. In addition, it is difficult to continuously grow a nitride semiconductor thick enough to be used as a substrate on the thin ZnO buffer layer.
When a nitride semiconductor electronic element used for various electronic devices such as a light-emitting diode (LED) device, a laser diode (LD) device, and a light-receiving device is to be manufactured, if a substrate made of a nitride semiconductor having few crystal defects can be manufactured, a new nitride semiconductor having few lattice defects and forming a device structure can be grown on the substrate. Therefore, the obtained device acquires greatly improved performance. That is, a high-performance device that has not been realized in the past can be realized.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a method of growing a nitride semiconductor crystal having excellent crystallinity.
More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of growing a nitride semiconductor crystal that can provide a nitride semiconductor substrate, a nitride semiconductor substrate, and a nitride semiconductor device formed on the nitride semiconductor substrate. |
Establishment of a mass screening method of sand fly vectors for Leishmania infection by molecular biological methods.
Surveillance of the prevalence of Leishmania and its vector, sand fly species, in endemic and surrounding areas is important for prediction of the risk and expansion of leishmaniasis. In this study, a method for the mass screening of sand flies for Leishmania infection was established. This method was applied to 319 field-captured specimens, and 5 positive sand flies were detected. Sand fly species were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the18S rRNA gene, and all the positive flies were Lu. hartmanni. Furthermore, cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene sequence analyses identified all the parasites as Endotrypanum species including a probable novel species. Because the method requires minimum effort and can process a large number of samples at once, it will be a powerful tool for studying the epidemiology of leishmaniasis. |
1. Field of the Invention:
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method, for use with the satellite-based communications network, for improving the reliability and speed at which communication between a user terminal and the network is established. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for arranging data of a channel request message transmitted from a user terminal to a gateway station via a satellite in the satellite-based network to insure that critical data for establishing communication between the user terminal and the satellite-based network is received at the satellite during the appropriate receiving time frame window.
2. Description of the Related Art:
A satellite communications network, such as a geosynchronous earth orbit mobile communications network, comprises at least one geosynchronous earth orbit satellite, a ground-based advanced operations center (AOC) and spacecraft operations center (SOC) associated with the satellite, at least one ground-based gateway station (GS), and at least one user terminal (UT), which is typically a hand-held or vehicle mounted mobile telephone. The satellite enables the user terminal to communicate with other user terminals, or with other telephones in the terrestrial public switched telephone network (PSIN), via the gateway stations under the control of the gateway stations. The AOC provides system-wide resource management and control functions for its respective satellite, and the SOC controls on-orbit satellite operations for its respective satellite.
When a user terminal is operated to establish a radio resource connection, it generates and transmits a channel request message to the network on a random access channel (RACH) at a frequency assigned by the gateway station to a spot beam covering an area in which the user terminal is located. Typically, a channel request message includes data used to represent the mobile user terminal, as well as contention resolution and timing synchronization information.
To increase the likelihood that the channel request message is received at the satellite during a receiving time frame, the transmitter of the user terminal takes into account an estimated time which will elapse between the point in time when the channel request message is transmitted and the point in time when the channel request message is received at the satellite, which is known as the propagation delay. Typically, a user terminal will calculate, based on information broadcast by the network, the propagation delay for a distance measured from a location on the earth'ss surface at the center of the spot beam in which the user terminal is located to the satellite, which is orbiting at about 22,000 miles above the earth's surface. Because the distance from the surface of the earth at the equator to the satellite is less than the distance from the surface of the earth in the extreme northern and southern hemispheres to the satellite, the propagation delay for a message sent from a user terminal close to the equator is less than that for a message sent from a user terminal in, for example, northern Europe.
Also, if the user terminal is at a distance from the center of the spot beam, the propagation delay is different than at the center of the spot beam, because the distance from the user terminal to the satellite is different. However, some user terminals are equipped with global positioning system (GPS) equipment and could thus better estimate their location with respect to the center of their respective spot beam. Also, some user terminals can estimate their location with respect to the center of their respective spot beam based on the power level at which the user terminal receives the spot beam. In either instance, these type of user terminals can better estimate the propagation delay for the channel request message, and therefore increase the likelihood that the channel request message will be received at the satellite during a receiving time frame. Moreover, because the duration of a conventional channel request message is a fraction of the duration of a receiving time frame at the satellite, the entire channel request message can generally be received within the desired time frame.
To decrease call set up time, it is desirable to include in the channel request message information pertaining to the position of the user terminal making the call, the called party number, the cause for establishing the call, the service provider identification, and so on, in addition to the contention resolution and synchronization information. However, this additional information increases the overall length of the channel request message, and thus increases the likelihood that a complete channel request message will not be received by the satellite during a receiving time frame window. That is, if the instant at which the channel request message is transmitted is not accurately synchronized with the receiving time frame window, some of the information in the channel request message will not reach the satellite during the receiving time frame window, and will thus be lost. Consequently, if information necessary for call set up, such as contention resolution and timing synchronization information, is not received by the satellite, the call cannot be set up. Furthermore, even if the user terminal resends the channel request message, unless the timing difference between transmission of the channel request message and the appearance of the receiving time frames at the satellite is resolved, the network still cannot set up a call.
Accordingly, a need exists for an apparatus and method which enables a user terminal to transmit additional call set-up information in a channel request message to accelerate call set-up time between the user terminal and satellite-based communications network, while also assuring that the information necessary for call set-up is received intact by the satellite in the network. |
At its core, the NFL combine is a fantastic opportunity for teams to test everything about draft prospects except their on-field performance.
They see how fast and strong the players are, how they check out medically and how well they respond in an interview, even if some questions are borderline illegal.
For draft analysts, the combine is an opportunity to stick irrelevant labels on players such as "high ceiling" and "freak athlete," sexy terms often given to players whose draft stock relies heavily on factors other than on-field performance. Those players have flown up post-combine draft boards this week while players with impressive college careers have started to fall.
After a 4-12 season, the Lions aren't in the market for sexy. That's why they should pass on BYU defensive end Ezekial Ansah. He may be the next Jason Pierre-Paul, but he'll enter the league as a project.
Instead, they should use the No. 5 pick on a polished pass rusher, with the top targets being LSU's Barkevious Mingo, Georgia's Jarvis Jones and Florida State's Bjoern Werner. |
"This job is worth $10,000." "And I could go up for murder." "Janetti's brake lines were cut." "Give me Michael to drive the Flynn truck." "KlTT, I'm blind!" "Micro jam the brakes!" "(KITT) I can't." "I suggest you abandon." "We can pull this whole thing off with the produce delivery contract... that Joe set up." "I want those independents." "(KITT) Michael, there are two more vehicles moving toward the rear of the convoy." "[car tires screeching]" "(male narrator) Knight Rider, a shadowy flight into the dangerous world of a man... who does not exist." "[beeping]" "Michael Knight, a young loner... on a crusade to champion the cause of the innocent... the helpless, the powerless... in a world of criminals who operate above the law." "[beeping]" "[truck door shutting]" "[people chattering]" "[grunting]" "Come on, get up you creep." "You turned over on us." "You're worse than a traitor." "Calm down, Joe." "I'm trying to make a living." "We used to be friends." "Not anymore." "Come on." "[both grunting]" "(Dial) Take it easy, Joey." "Slow down." "This ain't life or death." "There's no war." "I'm still going to kill him." "You're dead, Janetti." "I know your route." "I know your schedule." "I'll find you and run you off the road." "Come on, Flynn." "Now come on, Phil." "Get out of here, you'll cool down." "I only left your lndependents 'cause I was about to lose everything." "I need the security of Shatner Trucking." "(Janetti) I have a family to support." "And Shatner's gonna put you all out of business." "Now we would have gone down together." "You're a traitor." "Yeah?" "Tell it to my grocer, Joe." "He deals in cash." "(Curtis) Now look here, Mr. Shatner." "I don't mind keeping my eyes on Independents, but... this is a little bit out of my line." "Nothing is out of line if I'm willing to pay the price... (Shatner) and you want to earn it." "This is a perfect chance to get rid of Flynn... and break the back of the whole independent operation." "But killing Janetti...." "I mean, I could go up for murder." "Not if you stage it correctly." "The one they'll grab will be Flynn." "I don't know, Mr. Shatner." "Don't you have other guys around to do this?" "This job is worth $10,000." "Maybe even an additional bonus when I control the area trucking." "(Shatner) Flynn is the energy and the brains... behind the whole Independent move." "If he gets arrested, he'll lose most of that support." "Then it'll work, Curtis." "Well, Janetti has a pick up and delivery in the hills." "That's the best place to do it." "Whatever you say." "[beeping]" "[screaming]" "(man on radio) This is Eugene Hansen with a KNX morning traffic report." "The good news is all of you... eastbound on the 607 freeway... are excused from being on time to work today." "The bad news is a three-car collision which has traffic...." "How did you let me get into this, anyway?" "(KITT) Sorry, but you were driving." "I know, I know, but why is this happening to me?" "Well, to tell you the truth this is called the morning traffic jam." "It's not an hour you're usually involved with." "You're usually going in the opposite direction." "However, we've only got 15 minutes to meet Devon." "KlTT." "Yes, Michael?" "Can you get me out of this traffic jam?" "May I drive?" "Well, it is against all Foundation regulations, but... I won't tell Devon, if you won't tell Devon." "I won't tell Devon." "Be my guest." "[laughing]" "Have I told you you're the greatest lately?" "Not lately, Michael." "(Devon) Michael, it's the simple matter... of a group of small operators... being swallowed up by a larger organization." "Shatner Trucking has done it very successfully before in the Midwest... with disastrous results." "Except in this case... the lndependents were being held together by Joe Flynn." "He's wanted for the murder of one of the Shatner drivers." "A man named Janetti." "(Bonnie) Yeah, Flynn threatened Janetti and four hours later..." "Janetti's brake lines were cut." "But with what's been going on over this past month... we're not sure that Flynn did it." "And although he's a brawler and a hothead... he's also the sole support of his family." "And he's the one man that Shatner has got to get rid of." "Excuse me, Devon." "You said the past few months?" "You've been involved in this situation that long?" "Well, we've been monitoring it rather than being involved in it." "Somebody's broken our code." "We've been getting messages on the computer." "No kidding." "Who's been sending them?" "We don't know." "Shatner is apparently planning to repeat his Midwest coup." "There's no federal or state authority investigating, and I believe that we should." "You both know that Joe Flynn could be guilty." "(Devon) Yes, I'm sure that is possible." "You find him, put him in a safe place, then prove the case." "Guilty or innocent." "Now, it sounds to me, you two are personally involved in this." "Isn't that a strict rule of The Foundation:" "No personal involvement?" "Michael, our code has been broken." "I got you." "Anything else?" "Yes, respect your equipment." "Be careful." "That too." "[engine starting]" "[birds chirping]" "(KITT) They had three rigs when the father was still alive." "Flynn is down to one, and operating out of his garage." "Michael, you're being scanned by an electronic beam." "A harmless but effective alarm system." "Gotta be a guard around here somewhere." "Damn right there is." "Now, freeze." "Take it easy. I just want to ask you a few questions." "is that so?" "Well, you better not be from the cops, or from Shatner Trucking... and we shoot burglars in this neighborhood." "I'm none of the three." "Now, can I have a little conversation... instead of looking at the barrel of that thing?" "[detector beeping] Take it easy, junior." "I'm not armed." "I'm no junior. I'm a girl." "He's got nothing on him, but some sort of wrist radio." "That's no regular metal detector, is it?" "She's no regular kid." "Now what do you want?" "I'm from The Foundation for Law and Government." "I'm here to investigate an incident involving Joe Flynn." "My son's innocent." "Your name Devon Miles?" "No." "No, it's Michael Knight." "How do you know Devon?" "I'm the one who's been sending him messages." "By computer?" "Once you break the code, all you gotta know how to do is type." "I do 80 words a minute." "You gonna help us out?" "I'm willing to try, but I gotta talk to Joe first." "You're going a little too fast." "Talk to Shatner." "I'm sorry, but Shatner's not the one wanted by the police." "You just became a burglar again." "Get off my property." "The longer Joe is on the run... the longer it's gonna take to get to the bottom of this." "Now, I'm telling you, I need to talk to your son." "Get out of here." "(KITT) That's an aggressively close-knit family, Michael." "That's why they know where Joe is." "Put a tap on their phone." "[beeping]" "So, what else does this car do besides look hot?" "Well, it's a lot more than a car." "(KITT) Thank you, Michael." "Voice modulator?" "That's great." "Will it give verbal response to major mathematical computations?" "Of course." "You gonna put my brother in jail?" "I said I was here to help." "You seem like an okay guy." "You know, you're a pretty bright girl." "(Michael) You got The Foundation's attention." "Cute, too." "You're teasing me." "That's what my brother always does." "I know I'm not pretty." "Yeah, you are." "(Mama Flynn) Flynn Trucking." "(Flynn) Hello, Mom." "It's Joe." "You're tapping our phone." "You're no friend." "You're a creep." "[car tires screeching]" "(Mama Flynn) Joey, you okay?" "(Flynn) I'm okay, Mom." "(Sally) Michael Knight had the phone tapped." "He's gonna know where Joey is." "Joey, get out of there." "A big guy in a black T-top is on his way to get you." "(Sally) Get going right now." "He's on his way." "(KITT) Sorry, Michael." "I know, partner, I know." "Look, backtrack that call and see if you can give me a location, will you?" "It's about a mile from here." "ETA, 40 seconds." "(KITT) Michael, there's Flynn's rig up ahead." "(Michael) Thanks, buddy." "[car tires screeching]" "We're going around him." "(KITT) You'll be cutting it close, Michael." "The road is too narrow." "We'll make it work for us." "[beeps] [car tires screeching]" "[exhales]" "Nice work, buddy." "Now just one more thing." "[car tires screeching]" "Michael, are you testing our courage, or my superstructure?" "[tires screeching]" "Would you like to know exactly... how close that truck is to us, Michael?" "Absolutely not." "Now, cool it." "If you wanted to kill me, you would've flattened me with the truck." "You from Shatner?" "No." "Not from Shatner or the police." "Now all I want is a little conversation." "(Flynn) Then why are you twisting my arm?" "'Cause I think you'd rather fight than talk." "All right, fair enough." "Let me go." "No more fighting." "I'm not gonna believe that." "Hey, I'm no liar and I'm no murderer." "All right. I'll deal with one thing at a time." "You'll have to deal with me first." "You just went from burglar to mugger." "Now, get your hands up and turn around." "Need a little diversion here, partner." "Of course, Michael." "[police siren wailing]" "This is the police." "You're surrounded." "All right." "I think we've had enough ambushes for one day, don't you?" "Oh, where are the police?" "(Sally) There are none, Mom." "It's that car of his." "It's something special." "It isn't special enough to take on three Flynns." "Enough!" "All you people do is fight?" "(Michael) So far all it's gotten you is a warrant for murder... and a license for Shatner to hunt you down." "Now, how about a little honest conversation for a change?" "Talk to me, Joe." "Look, I didn't cut Janetti's brakes. it's not my style." "Janetti pulled into the depot yard with full set of brakes." "When he pulled out, he was pumping air instead of brakes." "You were there at that depot when he was there." "I'm a trucker." "They have loads there." "You didn't have a load that day." "Come on, tell me the truth." "What were you doing there?" "I went to see Janetti." "I had to talk to him, had to apologize." "I shouldn't have hit him." "But I didn't kill him." "I'm innocent." "I don't know about that." "But I don't know you're guilty, either." "Who are you anyway?" "My name is Michael Knight." "I'm from The Foundation for Law and Government." "I've been sent here to make sure you're kept in a safe place... until I can get a handle on what's coming down here." ""Safe place." l think I know where that is." "All right, all I can say is you gotta trust me." "Doesn't look like I have much choice, does it?" "You do now." "Put this away." "All right, I'll go in with you." "Me, too." "No, stay here with Mom." "But I want to go." "I'll be all right." "(Sally) Pull over." "That's the car l'm looking for." "Thanks." "(KITT) Hold it, Sally." "The only thing you'll damage is your foot." "Shut up. I knew he was lying." "Nobody tells the truth." "You can't trust anything you don't program yourself." "Not true." "Who programmed you to argue?" "I don't argue, Sally, I merely correct improper calculations." "You can trust Michael Knight." "Yeah, says you." "He turned in my brother." "Now, listen, little girl." "I think I like you... but not if you won't keep an open mind when it comes to Michael." "He's a fair man." "What makes you so smart?" "I have computers that are pushed up to handle over two million K's." "What's your capabilities?" "Unlimited." "I now have over 50 million K's in storage... and can introduce one million more every day, if needed." "Tap into my equipment and we'll talk sometime." "Anytime, Sally." "But if you wait for Michael, I can arrange a guided tour... of my backup and design headquarters." "You expect me to be nice to him?" "Just be fair with him." "He'll help your brother if he can." "I don't know." "Sit down and relax, and we'll wait for Michael." "(Curtis) Relax, Mr. Shatner." "You'll just mess up your stomach again." "You're a rich man." "You've got nothing to worry about." "I didn't get rich by squandering my money or wasting my time... and I'm not about to let you do it for me." "And it doesn't cost me any more money... to get value for my dollar." "Like what?" "(Shatner) You are earning fat paychecks." "You got a $10,000 bonus for handling Janetti." "I want control of all trucking in this area." "I figured with Flynn out of the way there'd be nothing to stop us." "Don't figure, don't think, don't make decisions, and above all... don't tell me how to make a profit on my investments." "Now, you get out there... and make sure those independents... stay disorganized." "I don't want them even thinking they can pull together for the crop season." "I want that contract with Linden." "Finish Flynn's operation once and for all." "What are you waiting for?" "Car fare?" "Get back to your indie friends, so we know when and where to hit." "You're a Flynn, all right." "Now take it easy!" "You're a liar." "You turned in my brother." "I told him I'd keep him in a safe place... until I looked into this mess." "Now, he is safe." "In jail." "Don't con me." "You just wanted to see him arrested." "No, you're wrong." "Now, I'm not positive about anything yet... but if your brother is innocent and people are after these truckers... this could bring it out in the open." "I don't know anything about that stuff." "All I know is that you took Joe in and he was framed." "Sally, if your brother was framed, there are people who want to put him away real bad." "Now, if he's out there running loose like a wanted man... they have a license to kill him." "Joe is very safe in there." "Believe me." "Why don't you come with me?" "I want you to meet some other friends who want to help." "Come on." "(Michael) You might say that Bonnie is KlTT's mother." "She takes care of him... with all the maternal love and the ferocity of a tigress." "(Bonnie) Michael's kidding." "KlTT is his. I just put him back together again." "And Michael gives her a great many opportunities to do so." "Joey would love to see all of this." "He still doesn't have a lot of faith in computers or any of that technology... in spite of the fact that I.... in spite of what?" "Oh, nothing." "Excuse us." "Step into my office here." "You set everything up, right?" "Me?" "What?" "I checked the schedules and loading capacities... of the lndependent deliveries." "They were to the minute, and they were to the ounce." "You did that." "My brother Joe runs the family business." "Sure he does." "You can't tell anyone." "You have to promise not to." "I think it's something you should be proud of." "Yeah, right." "Try and convince a bunch of truckers... that a 15-year-old girl is running their schedule." "(Sally) Those guys listen to Joe, and they really look up to him." "Besides, he's the best." "I'm sure he is." "But, you know, you're not so bad yourself." "And you got him in jail." "We're going to lose everything we worked for." "We were counting on Joe to keep things going... until after we made the crop season." "Then we'd be home free." "Well, we're willing to do everything we can to help you." "You too?" "Of course." "Then give me Michael to drive the Flynn truck." "Wait a minute, I already got a job." "Hey, I'm talking to your boss." "I think it can be arranged." "Great." "All right, listen up." "You'll get union wages, profit participation, and supplemental health benefits." "(Sally) But you better be clear about one thing." "I think I know." "You're the boss." "You got it." "(Sally) Then you pick up at the train yards... for an intermediate drop at Armorbuilt." "Got it?" "Over." "I got it, Boss." "Say, does a lunch break enter into any of our schedules?" "Eat it on the move." "Out." "Out." "Hey, you hungry back there, partner?" "(KITT) Perhaps a little lonely, Michael... but rather enjoying my independence." "And if I may say so, that schedule that Sally laid out... is well planned and fiscally sound." "In fact, it's excellent." "Easy for you to say, you're not driving." "Yes, I am, Michael, and without union benefits." "Don't worry, you'll be on a coffee break in just a couple of minutes." "I'm stopping by the truck stop to see Mama Flynn." "What about your schedule?" "We'll work overtime." "Easy for you to say." "If you were on our side, you wouldn't have had Joey put in jail." "(Michael) He's gotta face that charge... or he's gonna end up running from the cops for the rest of his life." "We would've covered for him, kept the association going." "Now he didn't kill Janetti." "Then why don't you do something about both of those problems?" "That's just so much talk, man." "We're through as independents." "We might as well save our breath." "(men) Oh, yeah, yeah." "Come on, come on." "Come on, guys." "At least listen to him." "(man) What for?" "I've got more to lose than any of you... and I don't see anybody else rushing forward to do us any favors." "(Curtis) Oh, yeah?" "We're done, and so we might as well just forget it." "You're not done unless you're just looking for excuses to give up." "(Michael) The way I figure it, there's still a chance... of keeping this whole group together." "That is, if you guys really want to." "I'd be real careful with your words now, mister." "You're about one sentence away from insulting me." "It's about time I got you guys to listen." "We can pull this whole thing off with the produce delivery contract that Joe set up." "(Michael) We got enough people in this room... to meet the original date... and the full season delivery." "(Burgers) We've only got 24 hours." "Without Joe. lt's not worth it without him." "I'd just as soon repaint my rig with Shatner's colors." "He's right, big guy." "We could all end up like Joey." "Well, I think Joey is innocent." "Well, we all do." "So what?" "I think I know who did it." "What?" "(Burgers) Who?" "Well, that's gonna take a couple days to prove." "In the meantime, don't you think it would be nice... to keep the lndependent truckers alive while I'm at it?" "Be a nice present for Joey, once he gets out of jail, huh?" "[crowd agreeing]" "Hold it there." "Now we're gonna make that produce delivery... but you got some delivering to do yourself." "I intend to." "[radio beeps]" "(KITT) Michael, I think you did very well in there." "Well, thank you." "But there are other possible problems... one of which is you've replaced Joe Flynn as a target." "Yeah, I know." "I believe Joe's innocent, partner." "Based on what?" "Him, his family, his friends..." "Shatner's history." "Most of all, my instincts." "What do you think?" "I deal in facts, but I also trust your instincts." "Thank you." "(KITT) Michael, what is it?" "I can't get a reading." "KlTT, I'm blind!" "Micro jam the brakes!" "I can't or you'll fishtail." "I suggest you abandon." "If I bail out, we'll lose the rig." "And live to fight another day." "Michael, please." "I got the message." "[engine revving]" "[beeping]" "Now, Michael." "All right, micro jam the brakes. it's worth the gamble now." "[beeping]" "[brakes screeching]" "We were very lucky, Michael." "Lucky to have you, partner." "(Sally) The whole brake system is shot." "Downtime is rated at 4% of total working days." "You are out one day and you lose a complete rig." "It's gonna take weeks just to get the parts." "As of now, your overall safety record is rated as poor to uninsurable." "You're fired." "I'm fired?" "Look, I'm sorry about the truck." "The truck won't make any difference now that we've lost." "We can't make the produce run, and there's no way the guys will hang in now." "[door opening] [door closing]" "They gotta hang in there." "They don't like to give up." "Did you do what I asked?" "I've known those men for years." "Any of those men could be the man who framed Joe." "Curtis was the only one who left the meeting early... and he had time to put the bomb in your rig." "Well, well, well." "I've managed to stir things up." "You've managed to make yourself a target." "Don't worry about me." "I wanna do this for you and Sally." "I don't want her to lose any more." "She lost her father when she was two." "Any chance of growing up in frilly dresses by the time she was five... and now her brother, and her business by 15." "You're important to her." "I don't want her to lose you, too." "I don't plan on that, either." "You mind if I talk to her?" "Thanks." "Hold it." "Hold it!" "Get in the car." "Now we are going to talk." "You know what you get for stealing kids?" "I only borrowed you... and I got your mother's permission." "Okay, so you got me." "What are you going to do?" "Put me in a safe place... like you did my brother?" "I'm going to try and explain things to you once more." "Forget it. I'm not listening." "(Sally) You're a loser." "Sally." "You're a loser." "You got any suggestions, KlTT?" "(KITT) Children should be treated with great patience... reasoned with and educated so that they can be... brought slowly into maturity and a solid relationship with society." "I don't have all that much time." "Then I suggest a firm, but kindly spanking." "Oh, so you're going to beat me up just 'cause some computer tells you to?" "You. I thought you were my friend." "Spanking?" "You know, buddy, that's not a bad idea." "Wait." "Come here." "You're not really going to do it, are you?" "Of course I'm not." "You know, nobody but Joey ever spanked me." "And he was like you." "He only threatened." "Well, if he's a little bit like me, then maybe, just maybe... I'm a little bit like him." "Yeah." "You're a lot like him." "It's just...." "I don't know." "What?" "Hey, it's okay to be scared." "We're gonna lose the house and the truck, and there's not gonna be anything left." "It's not right." "And even you and that fancy Foundation can't help us." "I am gonna help." "I am gonna help." "You know why?" "Because I care about you." "I care about you, and I care about your mama... and I care about your brother, Joe." "Now, I'm betting everything that I can deliver for you." "All you've got to do is one simple little thing." "Trust me." "That's it." "How about it, cutie?" "That's my girl, that's my girl." "(Shatner) There is no Joe Flynn... or an independent organization for you to deal with, Linden." "Well, I still have an arrangement." "I have been dealing with the Flynn family for years... and I gave my word." "And they gave theirs." "They said they'd deliver and they can't." "You've got over 100 tons of produce in... every day starting tomorrow." "You truck with me or it'll sit in here and rot." "Can you afford that?" "You know I can't, Shatner." "That would put me and lot of farmers out of business." "Then you should sign for the season's crop now." "'Course, doing business with a reputable firm... it is a little more expensive." "About 15%." "I can't manage that much." "Then don't pay it." "The Independents will deliver your crop at the quoted price." "Who are you?" "For the sake of conversation, why don't you call me Flynn." "Flynn is finished." "You must be looking to join him." "Now, you tried that and you couldn't pull it off." "I'm here to confirm, Mr. Linden." "Mama Flynn said that you could deal for her... and I'd like to help." "But I represent a lot of people and I'm responsible to them." "You got the message, big boy." "Bye-bye." "Sign both-- What if I guarantee it?" "Guarantee it?" "Just how would you go about that?" "How about a completion bond?" "If you can put up a $50,000 bond by midnight... then you get the contract." "I'll put up a hundred." "Fifty is sufficient, Shatner." "I did have a deal with Flynn first." "If he meets the bond, then he's got it." "You know where to get in touch with me." "Thank you, sir." "And when they can't make it, you're gonna come back to talk to me." "Only it's gonna cost you 30% this time." "You might as well make it 50%... because you're never gonna have a chance to collect it." "Did we arrive in time?" "Just in time." "Now for phase two." "[beeping]" "Hey, what do you think you're doing?" "I was checking for smoke damage." "What's that supposed to mean?" "Figure it out yourself." "Yeah, I'll just do that." "As a matter of fact, I'll be waiting for you." "[car door closing] [car engine starting]" "I don't care what you have to do. I want those independents stopped." "They'll be in convoys." "It's gonna take a lot of men." "Then get them." "It's not just money now." "That guy's got it in for me." "He's not going to stop till he gets me." "All the better." "When you wreck that convoy, make sure he doesn't live through it." "(Devon) A $50,000 bond?" "Michael, you've got to be round the bend." "You want the truckers to go down without a chance?" "Joe Flynn to stay in jail?" "Of course not." "Mama Flynn and Sally?" "No." "And The Foundation to look like fools?" "Naturally not." "Look, we're all in this together." "What is a $50,000 bond among friends?" "All right, Michael. I have a couple of calls to make." "(Devon) By the way, how are you going to replace Flynn's truck?" "I've got an idea." "[people chattering]" "Devon, it's going to be all right." "But The Foundation mobile unit to haul produce?" "Really, Michael." "I don't know how you talked me into it." "Don't blame me, Devon." "You always told me... you'd never do anything you don't really want to do." "Well, that's the way I always felt, till now." "You'll get used to it." "By the way, what kind of produce is it?" "Onions." "Onions?" "Really, Michael." "Barring any accidents, the smell could last for months." "Well, if you whistle or put a pin in your mouth... I won't have to watch a grown man cry. I gotta go, Devon." "Yes, just as well." "Good luck, Michael." "Thanks, Devon." "(KITT) Michael, I've come to understand your humor... but don't you think you're being a little rough on Devon?" "No." "Thank you for your prompt answer." "Ready?" "All set." "I think you guys know this is Shatner and his group's last shot at us." "Let them come." "I think they will." "Keep moving." "Sure." "Stick together." "[truck horn blaring]" "(Shatner) Get the cement truck in position... and let's take them out." "[car tires screeching]" "I don't like this, partner." "Everything's going too smooth." "[beeping]" "(KITT) Well, then you'll be happy to hear... that I'm picking up a signal... from the homing device on the Curtis truck." "Great." "What's the location?" "(KITT) Moving towards the rear of the convoy." "There are two vehicles with it." "[car tires screeching]" "[truck horn blaring]" "[banging] [truck tires screeching]" "[car horn blaring]" "[truck horn blaring]" "Mom, watch out on your blind side." "What are you doing here?" "Yell at me later, just drive." "[car tires screeching]" "That's our man, let's get him." "(KITT) Wait, Michael, there's something up ahead." "There's a vehicle blocking the road and it contains 10 tons of broken concrete." "All right, give me what I need." "[beeping]" "(KITT) Michael, I said it contains 10 tons of concrete." "You're not going to...." "Not without you, partner." "[beeps]" "Shatner, you there?" "(Curtis) It's over, Shatner." "We can't stop them." "Finish them off." "You can catch them." "You do it. I'm done." "Let's get out of here." "(KITT) Which one do we want, Michael?" "Curtis." "The cops can pick up Shatner anytime." "That's Curtis off to the right." "All right, how do you suggest we take him?" "Gently, Michael." "Gently." "I hate making excuses to Bonnie." "She worries." "(Michael) All right, all right." "I'll do my best." "Okay, micro jam his brakes." "My pleasure, Michael." "[beeping] [truck tires screeching]" "Turbo boost, now!" "[brakes screeching]" "Hey, what are you hassling me for, man?" "You could've killed me." "Like you tried to kill the people in the convoy, huh?" "I don't know what you're talking about. I'm on my way to pick up a load." "You wanna see some pictures?" "KlTT, punch up the pictures of our friend here and the convoy." "Take a look." "(Michael) Now, zoom in on that one." "Hold it right there." "You see that picture?" "That picture and the homing device I planted in the truck... tie you up on this one." "Now, would you also like to see the pictures of you cutting Janetti's brakes?" "Wait a minute, hold on." "Can we talk?" "I mean, I'm not the one making the big score here, you know." "KlTT, hit the record button." "Ready, Michael." "All right, start talking and give him to me." "[beeps]" "[all chattering]" "(crowd) All right, Michael." "Thanks, man." "You got it." "Take care." "(woman) Geez, I think you look great." "All right." "(KITT) It's nice to have a family and friends to come back to." "We've got a family." "We got Devon, we got Bonnie." "I got you." "Thank you, Michael." "You know, you really are a good guy." "You know, that really means a lot to me." "I mean, we won the whole thing." "The Independent Association, Joey out of jail... everything's going to be just great." "Take care, little girl." "Could you lean down a little?" "I gotta go." "You know, Michael, we're going to miss her." "Yeah, if she was just... ten years older... and two feet taller." |
In recent years, magnetic recording and reproducing devices have been requested to attain more capacity and achieve higher performance due to increasing amount of information for personal computers and expanding applications to image recording apparatus, car navigation apparatus, and the like. For higher recording density, a smaller unit of magnetization reversal in magnetic recording media and media noise reduction are required. Conventional magnetic recording media have adopted a configuration that the ferromagnetic crystal grains comprising magnetic recording layers are preliminarily separated by nonmagnetic materials contained in magnetic recording layers.
To increase the magnetic recording density by active control of the separators, discrete track media in which recording tracks are separated, and further, bit patterned media in which recording bits are separated, have been researched and developed. The technique to form the separators has been a significant point for higher recording density in both of these media. For example, following techniques have been proposed to form the separators in discrete track media. One technique is the substrate processing type which preliminarily forms concentric lands and grooves on a substrate and forms a magnetic film thereon to form a patterned magnetic film. Another technique is the magnetic layer processing type which masks a magnetic film and etches the parts of a magnetic film to be grooves to form the pattern.
These techniques, however, include a plurality of processes such as backfilling nonmagnetic materials into the grooves, planarizing the surface so as to have the same level as the magnetic film to be the islands, and forming a protection film on the planarized surface. Consequently, other problems arise such as increase in foreign substances produced on the surfaces of the magnetic film and the protection film and increase in roughness of the surfaces. They prevent the reduction in the spacing between a magnetic head and a magnetic disk (nano-spacing), which is another point for higher recording density.
To overcome these problems, a method of forming separators by ion implantation has been attempted. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. H5-205257 (“Patent Document 1”) discloses a method of forming separators between recording tracks of a discrete track medium by altering the magnetic property by means of nitrogen ion implantation into a magnetic layer, for example. According to Patent Document 1, this method can increase the track density without being significantly affected by the process accuracy to decrease the track width for a head. Japanese Patent Publication No. H9-167336 (“Patent Document 2”) attempted a method of forming servo patterns by ion implantation. According to Patent Document 2, the flatness of the surface can be much more improved.
Methods for separating recording tracks in discrete track media or recording bits in bit patterned media are important issues. In use of the methods in the above-listed documents, to improve the track density while preventing side writings onto recording tracks, forming separators across the magnetic layer in the film thickness direction is required. The forming separators require ion implantation of a nonmagnetic element across the magnetic layer in the film thickness direction at a sufficiently high acceleration voltage. In the meanwhile, if the acceleration voltage is raised, the thickness of a mask layer formed on the magnetic layer should be increased to prevent the recording tracks on the magnetic layer from being doped with nonmagnetic element ions. In this regard, if the thickness of the mask layer is increased, a problem arises that pattern collapse occur when the pattern pitch of the mask layer is narrowed for higher recording density. Therefore, the film thickness of the mask layer should be thinned so as to match the pattern pitch. However, if the film thickness is thinned and the acceleration voltage is high, the mask layer may not be able to sufficiently block the radiated ions and the recording tracks of the magnetic layer are doped with the nonmagnetic element ions. As a result, the magnetic property of the recording tracks is changed so that the read/write performance is disadvantageously deteriorated. In this case, it is necessary to lower the acceleration voltage in the ion implantation to reduce the implantation energy. However, if the implantation energy is reduced, separators may not be formed across the magnetic layer in the film thickness direction. If the structure of the magnetic layer is not appropriate, a magnetic flux induced by the magnetic layer remained undoped under the separators strays to the surface of separators to cause noise. Then, when the implantation energy is reduced, it is necessary to optimize the structure of the magnetic layer so as to match the implantation energy. |
Use and abuse of systemic corticosteroid therapy.
Steroid-responsive acute dermatoses should be treated with a single morning dose of prednisone for approximately 2 weeks. It is necessary to "taper" a short course of oral prednisone given by this method. Chronic dermatoses should be treated whenever possible with prednisone used in the morning and on alternate days. This method is effective, is free of most side effects, and suppresses the HPA axis minimally. There are few real advantages in using intramuscular corticosteroids. TAC is an unusually strong suppressor of the HPA axis. For chronic dermatoses, a less suppressive preparation might best be chosen if the physician feels that the intramuscular route is the most reasonable one. In any event TAC should never be used more often than every two months. Finally, the time-course of HPA recovery following short courses of steroids is presently unknown. Nonetheless, some astute critics of steroid metabolism have felt obliged to advise us that individuals who have received from 1 to 4 weeks of suppressive steroid treatment should be suspect as to the integrity of their HPA axis in stressful situations for up to one year. The withdrawal from, as well as the use of, systemic corticosteroids requires a creative and critical physician. |
Leukocyte margination during hemorrhagic shock correlates to preshock margination and is reduced by fucoidin.
Systemic and pulmonary circulation kinetics for 51Cr-erythrocytes and 111In-leukocytes were measured in rats during experimental hemorrhagic shock and normotension with or without pretreatment with the antirolling agent fucoidin. Leukocyte margination was expressed as transit factors (white blood cell transit time/red blood cell transit time) for polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells. There was an increased pooling of leukocytes in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds during shock with a maximum after 60 min when the transit factors had increased 2.90-3.72 times in the pulmonary vascular bed and 2.00-3.52 times in the systemic vascular bed for mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, respectively. High preshock pooling levels lead to a more pronounced increase in pooling during shock. Pretreatment with fucoidin significantly reduced the pooling increase in the systemic vascular bed. Granulocyte oxidative activity (nitro blue tetrazolium test) invariably increased during shock and was not affected by fucoidin. |
Progressive Increase in Disinfection Byproducts and Mutagenicity from Source to Tap to Swimming Pool and Spa Water: Impact of Human Inputs.
Pools and spas are enjoyed throughout the world for exercise and relaxation. However, there are no previous studies on mutagenicity of disinfected spa (hot tub) waters or comprehensive identification of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed in spas. Using 28 water samples from seven sites, we report the first integrated mutagenicity and comprehensive analytical chemistry of spas treated with chlorine, bromine, or ozone, along with pools treated with these same disinfectants. Gas chromatography (GC) with high-resolution mass spectrometry, membrane-introduction mass spectrometry, and GC-electron capture detection were used to comprehensively identify and quantify DBPs and other contaminants. Mutagenicity was assessed by the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. More than 100 DBPs were identified, including a new class of DBPs, bromoimidazoles. Organic extracts of brominated pool/spa waters were 1.8× more mutagenic than chlorinated ones; spa waters were 1.7× more mutagenic than pools. Pool and spa samples were 2.4 and 4.1× more mutagenic, respectively, than corresponding tap waters. The concentration of the sum of 21 DBPs measured quantitatively increased from finished to tap to pool to spa; and mutagenic potency increased from finished/tap to pools to spas. Mutagenic potencies of samples from a chlorinated site correlated best with brominated haloacetic acid concentrations (Br-HAAs) (r = 0.98) and nitrogen-containing DBPs (N-DBPs) (r = 0.97) and the least with Br-trihalomethanes (r = 0.29) and Br-N-DBPs (r = 0.04). The mutagenic potencies of samples from a brominated site correlated best (r = 0.82) with the concentrations of the nine HAAs, Br-HAAs, and Br-DBPs. Human use increased significantly the DBP concentrations and mutagenic potencies for most pools and spas. These data provide evidence that human precursors can increase mutagenic potencies of pools and spas and that this increase is associated with increased DBP concentrations. |
Open-end spinning devices with such rotor bearing arrangements are known in various different embodiments, and have been extensively described, for example in German Patent Publications DE 195 43 745 A1, DE 196 01 034 A1, DE 197 05 607 A1 or DE 41 17 175 A1.
For example, German Patent Publication DE 195 43 745 A1 describes an embodiment in which the spinning rotor is supported both radially and axially by means of a magnetic bearing arrangement. The magnetic bearing at the end of the rotor shaft described in German Patent Publication DE 195 43 745 A1 has a magnetic rotor ring as well as a magnetic stator ring. Here, the two magnetic rings are aligned magnetically in such a way that a bearing gap is created between them. To suppress the radial oscillations of the magnetically seated spinning rotor, which occur in particular during a starting phase, the stator magnet is furthermore seated with its movements limited in the radial direction. Here, the radial deflections of the magnetic stator ring are damped by a mechanical friction device.
However, it is disadvantageous with this known installation that the static charge, which in particular occurs during the spinning of synthetic materials in the area of the spinning rotor, cannot be dissipated in a defined manner, since the spinning rotor is electrically insulated from the grounded components of the open-end spinning device. This electric charge has an interfering effect on the spinning process.
In the open-end spinning device in accordance with German Patent Publication DE 197 05 607 A1, the spinning rotor is supported with its rotor shaft in the wedge gaps of a support ring bearing, and rests axially against an aerostatic bearing. The rotor shaft is made of carbide, at least in the area of the bearing surface which cooperates with the axial bearing.
Because of the electrically insulated bearing of the spinning rotor, it is also possible with this known bearing arrangement for a static charge of the spinning rotor to appear during spinning of synthetic material in particular, leading to disadvantageous effects on the spinning process. Even temporary unintentional contact between the rotor shaft bearing surface and the bearing plate of the axial bearing, made of a carbon material, cannot produce a sufficient removal of the charge.
An open end spinning device is furthermore known from German Patent Publication DE 196 01 034 A1, in which the spinning rotor is aerostatically seated both radially and axially. As with the above described bearing arrangements, the bearing arrangement in accordance with German Patent Publication DE 196 01 034 A1 also has the problem that a permanent electric insulation of the spinning rotor during the spinning operation is produced because of the air gap of the aerostatic bearing, and therefore no sufficient removal of the electrostatic charge created during spinning takes place.
The problem of insufficient grounding of the spinning rotor, in particular in the course of processing synthetic feed materials, is also present in bearing arrangements of open-end spinning devices, such as those known from German Patent Publication DE 41 17 175 A1. With these bearing arrangements, which per se have proven themselves in actual use, the radial seating of the rotor shaft is customarily provided by plastic-coated support rings. Since the rotor shaft has a non-conducting, for example oxide-ceramic, insert in the area of its axial support, this also leads to an electric insulation and therefore to a static charge buildup of the spinning rotor. |
Acute adaptation in adrenergic control of lipolysis during physical exercise in humans.
During prolonged exercise, the free fatty acids derived from adipocyte lipolysis are the principal fuel utilized by muscles. In humans, the lipid mobilization from adipose tissue is mainly regulated by insulin and catecholamines: the latter hormones have both beta-adrenergic stimulatory and alpha 2-adrenergic inhibitory effects on lipolysis. The aim of this study was to determine whether rapid alterations in the peripheral action of the regulatory hormones occur during physical work and whether they are of importance for the enhanced lipid mobilization. The acute effects of exercise on the regulation of lipolysis were investigated in isolated adipocytes removed from the gluteal region of 14 healthy volunteers before and immediately after the exercise period. Exercise induced a 20-35% significant increase in the lipolytic response to noradrenaline alone and in combination with the selective alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine and to the pure beta-agonist isoproterenol in isolated adipocytes. The antilipolytic effects of both the alpha 2-agonist clonidine and insulin were unaffected by exercise. Exercise did not influence the specific adipocyte receptor binding of 125I-cyanopindolol (beta-adrenergic receptor), [3H]yohimbine (alpha-adrenergic receptor), and mono-125I-[Tyr A14]insulin (insulin receptor). In conclusion, a single period of submaximal exercise increases adipocyte lipolytic responsiveness to catecholamines through an increased beta-adrenoceptor-mediated effect at steps distal to the receptor binding. Thus the increased peripheral action of catecholamines may be of importance for the observed enhanced lipid mobilization during physical work. |
The end goal of the proposed program is to provide training through a truly multidisciplinary design course where engineering students and physical therapist students at the University of North Florida work together to design, fabricate, and test adaptive technology targeting postural control, mobility, social participation, and quality of lifefor children with developmental disabilities. As part of this program students will gain an increased appreciation of the diverse roles and contributions from different disciplines in the context of advanced rehabilitation technology development for pediatric applications. This program will enhance students training through a hands-on, interprofessional, and translational design experience focused on complete working prototypes that meet clinical and community needs. The specific program aims are: (1) To identify and describe various assistive technology solutions for functional limitations for a variety of developmental disabilities. (2) To develop sklls to function as a member of a multidisciplinary team including effective communication across disciplines and people first language, behavior and sensitivity during clinical observations with clients. (3) To identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems utilizing a family-centered functional approach to the assessment of assistive technology needs including cultural uniqueness as applied to ethnic and cultural minorities. (4) To understand the professional, legal, and ethical responsibility of interacting with a client in a professional capacity related t providing assistive technology devices and services. (5) To describe the process utilized to develop product concepts, specifications, prototyping, testing, and fabrication of an assistive technology finished product. (6) To compare and contrast the gaps between engineering and rehabilitation theory and reality. |
The invention concerns a variable speed gear transmission comprising at least one gearwheel mounted through a rolling bearing on a transmission shaft, in which the gearwheel can be coupled to the transmission shaft through a coupling element, first cylindrical rolling elements being arranged in a cage in radial direction between an inner raceway formed on the transmission shaft and an outer raceway formed on a hub of the gearwheel, said cage comprising in pockets at least at three circumferential points, second cylindrical rolling elements having a slightly larger diameter than the first rolling elements.
Gearwheels of the pre-cited type for variable speed gear transmissions, also called idler gears, are frequently arranged on the transmission shaft in split rolling bearing cages that expand under the effect of their inherent elasticity and come into play-free contact with the rolling elements. A cage of this type is known from DE 41 24 838 A1.
In a no-load, unengaged condition, the bearing may not run kinematically under certain circumstances i.e., it may be subject to slippage. In the extreme case, the transmission shaft can come to a standstill and the idler gear may reach a speed of several hundred or several thousand rotations per minute. When the cage starts to rotate, the rolling elements are pressed against the outer raceway due to the centrifugal force so that the cage can reach approximately the same speed of rotation as the idler gear while, due to the operational clearance, the rolling elements can lose contact with the raceway of the transmission shaft. This results in a sliding movement of the rolling elements on the raceway of the transmission shaft that leads to increased wear and/or smearing in case of a sudden loading of the rolling elements.
Efforts have been made to solve this problem by modifying the kinematics of the bearing during idling operation.
One possibility of achieving this is to reduce the number of load-bearing rolling elements involved in idling operation. This results in a distribution of the weight of the idler gear among only a small number of rolling elements. Thus, for example, it is known from DE-OS 29 18 601 to mount shafts in a variable speed gear transmission through a bearing cage in which three circumferentially equally spaced pockets contain rolling elements having a larger diameter than the rest of the rolling elements. FIGS. 3 and 4 of this prior art document show a cage in which these larger diameter rolling elements are made in the form of hollow coiled wire cylinders.
In DE 44 01 531 A1 an attempt is made to solve this problem, well known in the field of rolling bearings, by configuring needle rollers with an arcuate shape so that a radially elastically yielding arch is formed at their centers.
It is also known from DE-OS 27 41 057 to configure a bearing so that it comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaced rolling elements whose enveloping circle diameter is smaller than the diameter of the shaft and that are deformable in radial direction. These rolling elements made of a plastic or of thin hollow steel bodies are arranged between the normal rolling elements and have a slightly larger diameter than these so that, in the installed state, they effect a pre-stressing of the bearing.
A drawback of all the above solutions is that the rolling elements of larger diameter are of a different type from the remaining rolling elements and are very expensive to manufacture so that the total costs of the idler gear bearing are increased.
It is an object of the invention to provide an idler gear bearing which possesses the property of elastic deformation of some of its rolling elements and still can be manufactured without extra fabrication costs.
This and other objects and advantages of the invention will become obvious from the following detailed description.
The invention achieves the above objects by the fact that the first and second rolling elements are of a same type, size ratios between the first and second rolling elements are defined so that, in an unloaded state, the larger diameter of the second rolling elements is such as to become equal to a diameter of the first rolling elements in an engaged state under radial loading, whereby a limit of elasticity of the second rolling elements having the larger diameter in the unloaded state is not exceeded.
The provisions of the invention for the configuration of the idler gear bearing enable a simple but effective use of the law of elasticity for modifying the kinematics of the bearing. The invention utilizes the ability of the larger cylindrical rolling elements to reverse shape and volume variations brought about by outer forces or torques, in the present case by gear shifting, so that, in the engaged state under load, all the rolling elements have the same diameter while, in idling operation, the bearing comprises rolling elements of different diameters. It is quite obvious that the idler gear bearing of the invention having rolling elements of one and the same type is much simpler to manufacture than prior art bearings with different types of rolling elements. Moreover, the filling of rolling elements of the same type but with different diameters into the same bearing cage poses no problem from the fabrication point of view.
According to further advantageous propositions of the invention, the diameter of the larger rolling elements is 2 to 5 xcexcm larger than the diameter of the rest of the rolling elements. The larger rolling elements and the rest of the rolling elements are arranged in alternating sequence with one another but it is also possible to arrange them in any other order.
The invention will now be described with reference to one example of embodiment illustrated in the appended drawings. |
This invention relates to an open wall storage assembly for use with unfinished walls and, in particular, a wall storage assembly for use in a wall region containing a plurality of vertical wall supports.
In present day home construction, large areas of interior walls are left unfinished, typically in the basement and garage areas, although work rooms and laundry areas may be similarly unfinished. The homeowner desirous of utilizing this wall area typically provides shelving affixed to the exposed or internal surface of the vertical supports, thus providing storage which protrudes into the room area. A similar result obtains when closed wall storage assemblies such as cabinetry, are also affixed. Since these areas are frequently located in regions where space is at a premium, for example, the area adjacent customary automobile parking in garage facilities and areas adjacent the location of laundry equipment, the inability of the homeowner to effectively utilize the regions between vertical wall supports results in already crowded areas becoming further confined.
While a variety of different shelving schemes and outwardly expandable cabinetry is available to promote storage in these areas, the homeowner is faced with a loss of room space especially where the cabinetry contains doors. Furthermore, the mounting of these storage assemblies on the relatively narrow face of the vertical support members utilized in house construction frequently requires the use of additional supporting structure underlying the assembly. This type of storage is characterized by the lack of utility of the region located within the wall between the vertical wall supports. In the construction of the typical house, it is common to find horizontal structural supports placed for fire break purposes and occasionally for structural rigidity between adjacent wall supports. If these members are present, the homeowner is reluctant to disturb them from both a structural and a fire retardant point of view. If these horizontal members are not present, the region between vertical supports and behind any such storage apparatus mounted on the narrow surfaces of the wall supports can act as a flue in the eventuality of fire along the base of the wall.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an open wall storage assembly for use with unfinished walls which is readily installable by the homeowner and effectively utilizes the region between adjacent vertical wall supports heretofore ignored in the construction of storage means. Furthermore, the invention is characterized by a large area integral member which is utilized in surrounding engagement with adjacent vertical members and has flange members on the opposing vertical ends for affixation to the vertical wall supports. In the present invention, the individual installer can place the transverse shelving members at locations to fit his particular needs. Thus, the invention is located in heretofore unused areas in the support wall so as not to reduce the usable regions within the building. |
Various techniques of etching resist-imaged photomasks, silicon wafers or other semiconductor materials have been used in semiconductor fabrication processes. A wet etching technique conducted in an immersion tank is a practical high-throughput, flexible fabrication process. By properly selecting etchant chemicals, etch reactions with the target film are thermodynamically favored over reactions with other films. Desirable etch-rate ratios can usually be obtained.
A wet etching method is especially suitable for the blanket etching of polysilicon, oxide, nitride and metal. The method is capable of providing the necessary etch selectivity, a damage-free interface and particle-contamination-free wafers. In more recently developed wet etching technology, automated robotic handling systems and ultra-pure chemicals have been used to further improve particle control and process consistency. A well-controlled wet etching technique is therefore the choice of etching process in VLSI and ULSI fabrication processes.
One of the key criteria in carrying out a wet etching process is that the etch products must be soluble in the etchant solution and therefore, no contaminating particles are generated. In an immersion etching process, the volume of the etching tank should be large enough to create enough pressure on the wafer surface in order to dislodge hydrogen gas bubbles evolved during etching reactions; to ensure an accurate balance of the etchant components; to keep the concentration of the etchant relatively constant; and to reduce the number of times the etchant tank must be changed in a production environment. An etchant bath change creates expensive down time, and furthermore, the handling of highly hazardous corrosive materials should be rinimized from a safety standpoint.
Wet etching is a frequently used technique for stripping photoresist films from silicon wafers where a complete removal of the resist images without adversely affecting the wafer surface is desired. The resist layer or images should be completely removed without leaving any residues, including contaminant particles that may have been present in the resist. The underlying surface of the photoresist layer should not be adversely affected, for instance, undesirable etching of the metal or oxide surface should be avoided. Liquid etchant strippers should produce reasonable bath yield in order to prevent redeposition of dissolved resist on the wafers. The etchant should completely dissolve the photoresist layer in a chemical reaction, and not just lifting or peeling so as to prevent redeposition. It is also desirable that the etching or stripping time should be reasonably short in order to permit a high wafer throughput.
Sulfuric acid (H.sub.2 SO.sub.4) and mixtures of H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 with other oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) are widely used in stripping photoresist or in cleaning a wafer surface after the photoresist has been stripped by other means. For instance, a frequently used mixture is seven parts H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 to three parts of 30% H.sub.2 O.sub.2, or a mixture of 88% sulfuric acid and 12% nitric acid. Wafers to be stripped can be immersed in the mixtures at a temperature between about 100.degree. C. and about 150.degree. C. for 5.about.10 minutes and then subjected to a thorough rinse by deionized water and dried by dry nitrogen. Inorganic chemical resist strippers, such as the sulfuric acid mixtures, are very effective in the residual-free removal of highly postbaked resist. They are more effective than organic strippers and the longer the immersion time, the cleaner and more residue-free wafer surface can be obtained.
A typical wet chemical treatment system 10 is shown in FIG. 1. The system has a wet chemical holding tank 12 comprises an inner tank 14 and an outer tank 16. As shown in FIG. 1, the inner tank 14 is usually positioned inside the outer tank 16 and that the sidewall 18 of the inner tank is lower than the sidewall 20 of the outer tank. This allows an operating mode where the inner tank is usually filled first with an etchant chemical through inlets 24 and 26. Inlet 26 to the inner tank 14 also serves as a drain and is connected to drain control valve 28 such that liquid can be drained through outlet 32. Similarly, outlet 34 is connected to the bottom of the outer tank 16 to drain the liquid etchant contained in the outer tank through a drain control valve 36 and the outlet 32.
The wet chemical treatment system 10 also includes a recirculating means 40 which has an inlet 42 for receiving a fluid from outlet 34 of the outer tank 16 through passageway 46, and an outlet 44 for feeding to filter means 50. A frequently used recirculating means suitable for the wet chemical treatment system is a mechanical pump that is specially outfitted for transporting corrosive fluids. In such a pump, any components that are in contact with the fluid being pumped is constructed of stainless steel, a corrosion-resistant polymeric material such as Teflon, or a metal coated with a corrosive-resistant polymeric material. The passage tubing 46, the drain control valves 28, 36, and the outlets 26, 34 are similarly constructed of corrosion-resistant materials.
The wet chemical treatment system 10 further includes a filter means 50 and a heater means 60. The liquid being pumped by the recirculating means 40 through outlet 44 and passage tubing 52 into inlets 54 and 56 of the filter means 50. The filter means 50 is capable of filtering out particulate contaminants in the wet chemical, especially those of metal particles, such that any contamination of the wafer situated in process tank 14 can be avoided. The filtered wet chemical exits the filter means at outlets 48 and 58 to enter into the heater means 60. In most wet chemical treatment processes, either for cleaning or for etching, the wet chemical can be more efficient in its cleaning or etching function when the temperature of the chemical is raised to above ambient temperature. For instance, for most etching and cleaning processes, a temperature of between about 100.degree. C. and about 150.degree. C. is found to be most suitable. The wet chemical enters the heater through inlet 62 and exits at outlet 66 to return the wet chemical to the inner tank 14 through inlets 24 and 26. The inner tank 14 can be filled with fresh chemicals when needed through a filling means 72 controlled by a fill control valve 74.
In the operation of a wet chemical treatment system such as that shown in FIG. 1, the system is normally mounted on a raised floor (or a removable floor) in a semiconductor fabrication facility. A typical mounting method for a wet chemical treatment system is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. After the treatment system 10 is positioned on a raised floor 30 with a bottom bracket 38 contacting the floor, the treatment system 10 is fastened to the raised floor 30 by a welded angle 64. The welded angle 64, frequently made of a corrosion-resistant metal, such as stainless steel, is attached to the side frame 68 of the treatment system 10 by bolts 70. Collars 76 are used to secure bolts 70 in their mounting position. The welded angle 64 is further attached to the raised floor 30 by bolts 78 through a horizontal flange 80 of the angle. The thickness of the welded angle or of any other anchoring metal plate should be at least 1 cm.
The raised floor is normally fabricated of a grating of aluminum which has a smooth top surface and a corrugated back (not shown). The raised floor 30 may also be fabricated of any other suitable material that has the necessary rigidity and lightweight characteristics for easier removal and installation. The raised floor 30 is positioned on top of an I-beam 82 which is in turn positioned on top of a second I-beam 84. Normally, there is no fastening provided between the raised floor 30 and the top surface 86 of the I-beam 82. The I-beam 82 may be fastened to the second I-beam 84 by any suitable mechanical means such as by bolts, or by welding. The bottom flange 88 of the second I-beam 84 may be fastened to a concrete slab floor 90 by bolts 92.
A side view of the welded angle 64 for the wet chemical treatment system 10 is shown in FIG. 2B. In the mounting method shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the wet chemical treatment system 10 is only secured to the raised floor 30 that is essentially supported by I-beams that are mounted to a slab floor. The conventional mounting method therefore does not meet the seismic prevention standard that is normally required in fabrication facilities which may be subjected to earthquake damages. The problem can be more serious when the wet chemical treatment system is mounted on a higher floor in a fabrication facility where the effect of an earthquake is more severe. For instance, one of such seismic prevention regulations requires that all equipment foot/frame anchoring mechanism and accessories must be designed to survive a force of 0.35 g.times.2.36, i.e., a force magnified for a 4.sup.th floor installation.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for mounting a process machine on a removable floor that does not have the drawbacks or shortcomings of the conventional mounting methods.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for mounting a process machine on a removable floor that meets seismic prevention regulation for the containment of corrosive chemicals in a wet chemical treatment system.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for mounting a process machine on a removable floor in a semiconductor fabrication facility such that the process machine can survive earthquakes having a force of 0.35 g.times.2.36.
It is another further object of the present invention to provide a method for mounting a semiconductor process machine on a removable floor in a fabrication facility by providing an I-beam equipped with an extended upper flange for supporting the removable floor.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for mounting a semiconductor process machine on a removable floor in a fabrication facility by providing an I-beam that is equipped with an extended upper flange for supporting the removable floor and for fastening by mechanical means to the process machine through the removable floor.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a method for mounting a semiconductor process machine on a removable floor in a fabrication facility by utilizing a modified I-beam for supporting the removable floor and for mounting directly to the process machine.
It is still another further object of the present invention to provide an earthquake-proof mounting fixture for mounting a process machine on a removable floor by utilizing an I-beam modified with an extended upper flange for supporting the removable floor and for attaching directly to the process machine through the floor.
It is yet another further object of the present invention to provide an earthquake-proof mounting fixture for mounting a process machine on a removable floor by providing an I-beam modified with an extended upper flange for attaching to an L-shaped bracket mounted on the process machine through apertures provided in the removable floor. |
Improved method for the determination of anatoxin-a and two of its metabolites in blue-green algae using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
Anatoxin-a, a neurotoxin produced by blue-green algae (BGA) species, can cause death to exposed organisms. In North America, BGA are harvested and sold as food supplements, some of which contain elevated levels of other algal toxins, such as microcystins. Concern that elevated levels of anatoxin-a also may be present in BGA food supplements has led to the development of a simple method to determine the presence of anatoxin-a in BGA. Some researchers have successfully analyzed this compound using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection by forming a fluorescent derivative with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-F) in water and phytoplankton extracts. With this method, the background noise is high in BGA extracts due to the presence of co-extractives. Addition of o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and mercaptoethanol to the extract before addition of the NBD-F resulted in the successful removal of primary amines from the background noise when the NBD-F derivatives were detected with fluorescence. Improved chromatograms were obtained when extracts were cleaned up in this manner, leading to a lower detection limit (approximately 50 microg/kg) for anatoxin-a. The detection limits obtained for the 2 degradation products dihydroanatoxin-a and epoxyanatoxin-a in BGA extracts were similarly low (55 and 65 microg/kg, respectively). |
This invention relates to liquid compositions suitable as inks or toners for non-impact printing. The invention is particularly related to the manufacture of such liquid inks or toners.
It has been recognised that certain properties of carrier fluids for inks or liquid developers are required for effective functioning in conventional electrostatic processes. Many of the physical requirements are mandatory, as known by those skilled in the art, but there are also other considerations, such as low toxicity, fire safety, low solvent power, low odour etc. For these reasons, isoparaffinic-hydrocarbons such as the Isopar(copyright) range manufactured by Exxon Corporation, the Shellsol(copyright) range manufactured by Shell Chemical and the Soltrol(copyright) range manufactured by Phillips Petroleum became the industry standards for liquid carriers.
In more recent times, however, increased environmental concerns have placed these non-impact liquid processes under increasing pressure to further reduce or eliminate volatile emissions.
Other carrier materials for inks or liquid developers have been investigated, and of these, silicone fluids are clearly liquids which combine all previously and currently desired properties for a modern ink and liquid toner carrier.
In general, an electrostatic ink or liquid toner for developing electrostatic images is prepared by dispersing an inorganic or organic colorant such as iron oxide, carbon black, nigrosine, phthalocyanine blue, benzidine yellow, quinacridone pink and the like into a liquid vehicle which may contain dissolved or dispersed therein synthetic or naturally occurring polymers such as acrylics and their copolymers, alkyds, rosins, rosin esters, epoxies, polyvinyl acetate, styrene-butadiene, cyclised rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene, etc. Additionally, to impart or enhance an electrostatic charge on such dispersed particles, additives known as charge directors or charge control agents may be included. Such materials can be metallic soaps, fatty acids, lecithin, and the like.
Silicone fluids have been used as a carrier for liquids for some time, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,105,821 to S. W. Johnson, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,053,688 to H. G. Greig. Both of these early patents recognised the virtues of silicone fluids, but the understanding of the functioning of liquid toners at that time was relatively empirical. More recently silicone fluids have again been recognised as desirable carrier fluids for liquid toners, as in for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,612,162 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,557, both to Lawson et al.
More specifically, U.S. Pat. No. 5,612,162 to Lawson et al. discloses a composition and a method of forming a liquid developer or a constituent of a liquid developer for electrostatography comprising the steps of dispersing at least one monomer in silicone fluid and polymerizing the at least one monomer to form polymer particles in the silicone fluid. A homopolymer or a copolymer may be formed and a colorant, such as a pigment or dye, and a charge control agent may be added before or after the polymerisation. The disclosure further states that the liquid developer may further include a polymerisation stabiliser which is compatible with the silicone fluid. The stabiliser may be a silicone fluid such as dimethyl polysiloxane.
It has been found that the high molecular weight, that is the 30,000 cSt and 60,000 cSt, dimethyl polysiloxane polymerisation stabilisers described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,612,162 that are compatible with silicone fluids, result in polymer dispersions that possess good suspension stability but poor fix strength, melt cohesion and adhesion properties.
If the liquid carrier component of the polymer dispersions discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,612,162, which is removed by oven drying or centrifugation/filtration, the polymer spheres remaining can be analysed for fix performance. In this case, the non-volatile content of this formulation will upon heating/melting followed by cooling, produce a solid that possesses minimal adhesive and cohesive properties. The solidified polymer forms a xe2x80x9cchalky likexe2x80x9d resin that can be easily abraded or broken with minimal force.
This property is obviously undesirable and when the polymer dispersion is formulated/incorporated into an ink jet ink for printing or liquid developer for electrostatography, the result is poor ink or liquid developer to substrate fix.
It is the object of this invention to provide improved polymerisation stabilisers.
It is a further objective of this invention to provide improved polymerisation stabilisers which result in the liquid ink or toner compositions exhibiting improved fix to a substrate. |
Attitudes to animal-assisted therapy with farm animals among health staff and farmers.
Green care is a concept that involves the use of farm animals, plants, gardens or the landscape in cooperation with health institutions for different target groups of clients. The present study aimed at examining psychiatric therapists' (n = 60) and farmers' (n = 15) knowledge, experience and attitudes to Green care and animal-assisted therapy (AAT) with farm animals for people with psychiatric disorders. Most respondents had some or large knowledge about Green care, but experience with Green care was generally low in both groups. Both farmers and therapists believed that AAT with farm animals could contribute positively to therapy to a large or very large extent, with farmers being significantly more positive. Most of the therapists thought that AAT with farm animals contributes to increased skills in interactions with other humans, with female therapists being more positive than males. Two-thirds of the therapists believed that AAT with farm animals to a large extent could contribute better to mental health than other types of occupational therapy. There were no differences in attitudes to AAT between psychiatrists/psychologists and psychiatric nurses. This study confirms the marked potential of offering AAT services with farm animals for psychiatric patients by documenting positive attitudes to it among psychiatric therapists. |
Persistence of skin contamination and environmental shedding of Clostridium difficile during and after treatment of C. difficile infection.
Current guidelines for control of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) suggest that contact precautions be discontinued after diarrhea resolves. However, limited information is available regarding the frequency of skin contamination and environmental shedding of C. difficile during and after treatment. We conducted a 9-month prospective, observational study involving 52 patients receiving therapy for CDI. Stool samples, skin (chest and abdomen) samples, and samples from environmental sites were cultured for C. difficile before, during, and after treatment. Polymerase chain reaction ribotyping was performed to determine the relatedness of stool, skin, and environmental isolates. Fifty-two patients with CDI were studied. C. difficile was suppressed to undetectable levels in stool samples from most patients during treatment; however, 1-4 weeks after treatment, 56% of patients who had samples tested were asymptomatic carriers of C. difficile. The frequencies of skin contamination and environmental shedding remained high at the time of resolution of diarrhea (60% and 37%, respectively), were lower at the end of treatment (32% and 14%, respectively), and again increased 1-4 weeks after treatment (58% and 50%, respectively). Skin and environmental contamination after treatment was associated with use of antibiotics for non-CDI indications. Ninety-four percent of skin isolates and 82% of environmental isolates were genetically identical to concurrent stool isolates. Skin contamination and environmental shedding of C. difficile often persist at the time of resolution of diarrhea, and recurrent shedding is common 1-4 weeks after therapy. These results provide support for the recommendation that contact precautions be continued until hospital discharge if rates of CDI remain high despite implementation of standard infection-control measures. |
The female contact of current commercial pin and sleeve electrical connectors, in one common form, has two opposing, semi-cylindrical fingers (or "beams" as they are sometimes called). Together, they form an elongated, cylindrical socket or female receptacle for a male connector pin, both fingers being integral with and extending from a common base in cantilever. Thus, each of the fingers extends from a common base, outwardly in a semi-cylinder to a distal end. Together they form a split cylinder--i.e., the socket. The semi-circular distal ends of the two fingers form an inlet opening to the socket through which the pin is placed in making a connection.
A cylindrical sleeve is located around the outer edges of the fingers and it extends from the base of the fingers to a location short of the outermost or distal ends of the fingers. In other words, the outermost ends of the fingers, in the prior art, extend out of the sleeve at the location where they receive the connector pin in mating coupling. The cylindrical sleeve thus limits the outward flexing of the fingers at their base, but it leaves the inlet ends free, where damage can occur.
Typically, connectors of this type have two through five or more poles, each pole being represented by a mating pin of a male connector and a corresponding socket of a female connector. All of the connector elements for both the male and the female connectors are held in place by a plastic body called an insert. An electric cable having a conductive wire for each pole is assembled to each male and female connector, with a wire attached to each connector element; and a covering or sheath of soft insulating plastic is molded to bridge the jacket of the cable to the insert, thereby enclosing and sealing the connections of the electrical wires to the connector elements. Thus, these connectors are frequently referred to in the industry as "molded" connectors.
In connectors of this type, the primary mechanism for limiting the diameter of a pin being inserted is the opening formed in the plastic insert body just beyond the outer-most extension of the fingers. However, the insert body, being formed of a pliable, molded plastic, deforms under force, so that it is not uncommon for a person to attempt to assemble a male connector having oversized pins into a corresponding female connector. This may lead to damage.
Experience has shown there are two problems with the female connector in the prior art structure. It must be realized that molded connectors are typically used in industrial or commercial applications and that they experience rugged conditions of use. The pins may be stepped on or otherwise mishandled so that one or more of the pins become misaligned (i.e., out of parallel) with the other pins of the male connector. During assembly to a female connector, a misaligned pin may cause damage to the socket. In assembling the male connector to a female connector, even if the pins are not misaligned, molded connectors are frequently subjected to rough handling so that one or more of the pins of the male connector are not properly aligned with the axis of the associated female socket into which it is being inserted. This can also cause damage to the socket elements.
Thus, a common failure is caused by misalignment of the pin during insertion. This can cause a bending of the flexible finger at the inlet opening of the socket because the finger extends beyond, and is therefore not supported by, the surrounding metal cylindrical sleeve. The damage is exacerbated because of the shape of the fingers (i.e., semi-cylindrical) and because of the characteristics of the type of brass material from which these contacts are conventionally made. That is, they are machined from a brass alloy which is somewhat brittle so that it rather easily is deflected beyond its normal stress-deflection characteristic. When this occurs, the metal is overstressed and may even tear. In either case, it will lose its resilient characteristic; and its ability to establish reliable electrical continuity is then lost.
A second problem which also results from the stiffness and shape of the semi-cylindrical fingers of the prior art construction is that they are susceptible to damage if a pin having a diameter larger than that for which the female connector is designed, is inserted into the female socket. Again, the rugged conditions of industrial applications must be borne in mind. It is not uncommon for a user to force an oversized pin into a smaller socket. If an oversized pin is attempted to be assembled to a smaller female socket, the inlet ends of both semi-circular fingers are bent outwardly and about the edge of the protecting sleeve where failure occurs if the fingers are bent with sufficient force. |
"911." "What is your emergency?" "This is subway train operator 4827." "There's been an accident." "I couldn't stop the train in time, and I hit a kid." "I think he might've been pushed." "Open." "I want 'em held in isolation, no contact... not with their lawyers, not with each other... not with anybody." "This is a matter of national security." "They're terrorists?" "They look more like investment bankers to me." "Well, warden... 3 of them may be." "But one of them is the most dangerous criminal I've ever pursued." "I can hold them for 72 hours without charging them, and I fully intend to." "Then you have 72 hours." "This is Rikers, not Guantanamo." "You don't... plan on asking them any questions?" "Don't worry, Carter." "We've got the DNA evidence from New Rochelle, we got the blood from the burned car... and, thanks to you, fingerprints." "He's ours." "How did I know the federal government would be no match for you?" "As I suspect it might be compromising for you to be found with a phone, I'll be brief." "The matter is in hand, John." "We'll get you out of there." "I took too many risks." "It's my fault." "I'll handle it." "Listen to me." "I made preparations for a scenario like this." "In 72 hours, you will walk free." "What if another number comes up?" "Unfortunately, as I told you... they never stop coming." "I'll have to manage as best I can." "I sincerely hope our next conversation is under better circumstances." "I'll be in touch." "My name is Mr. Swift." "I'm your substitute teacher." "Ms. Benthem received a last-minute opportunity... to attend an all-expenses-paid teaching seminar in Maui." "I see in Ms. Benthem's lesson plan that today we're doing... addition." "That can't be right." "It's busywork, punishment." "We're supposed to add all the numbers from 1 to 100." "Math is not punishment." "You know, in the late 18th century, there was a math prodigy named Carl Friedrich Gauss... who was faced with the same... tedious problem that you are." "He figured a way around it." "1 to 100." "Who'd like to take a crack at working out Gauss' equation?" "Anybody?" "Mr..." "Phipps?" "Uh... prrrr..." "I got to be honest, "Mr. Swifty," you..." "lost me at "Friedrich." So" "I'll give you a hint." " Fusco." " Good morning, Detective." "I trust that you received my email?" "And the entire roll call for Brooklyn Science." "I need you to tell me everything you can about Caleb Phipps." "Couple run-ins with the NYPD." "Typical kid stuff." "Nothing exceptional." "I'll say. 2.6 GPA and test scores that sit squarely in the mid-range." "He spent my whole class doodling in his notebook." "Hey, you still there?" "Please continue." "1 thing did come up." "Caleb had an older brother Ryan... killed 2 years ago in a subway accident." "Kid was drunk." "Slipped on the tracks and got clipped." "Sounds awful." "Any further details?" "I'll pull the incident report." "Now Caleb lives alone with his mom." "She's an administrative assistant in Kensington." "Hey, Caleb." "You going to that party Saturday?" "Uh, no, that's not my kind of thing." "Oh." "Besides, I'm heading out of town." "Taking a trip." "*" "*" "*" "*" "They never seem to stop texting." "Beginning to feel like I'm on another planet." "Get used to it." "Their planet's gonna be running ours in about 10 years." "High schools are different nowadays." "Gang fights, drug searches, and pregnancies." "This kid could be into anything." "You weren't exaggerating about the drug problem." "Kids ain't what they used to be." "Be careful in there, pal." "I-I won't even ask." "Probably best." "Besides... we have more urgent matters to discuss." "Our friend in Rikers." "I have the situation in hand." "I don't want you crossing some kind of line to do" "This?" "Already deleted them from the network too." "*" "That line you're talking about..." "I crossed it a long time ago." "Now we have to deal with the DNA sample." "FBI keeps it in a secure lab here in New York." "I know what to do." "But I'm gonna need a couple things from you." "This is principal Lawton, reminding you that the Brooklyn School of Science Humanities closes promptly at 5 pm." "Thank you." "*" "Mr. Swift." "A word, please." "It has come to my attention that you tried to show Ms. Benthem's students how to get around one of her assignments?" "Well, the assignment seemed a bit remedial." " I was hoping to teach them" " Teaching is Ms. Benthem's job." "Your job is to ensure that her students do the work that she prepared." "Don't sweat Lawton." "She thinks schools would run better if they just got rid of the students and teachers." "Chris Beckner... computer science." "Harold Swift." " Nice to meet an idealist." " No, no, not me." "Throw all this stuff online, I say." "Let me teach in my boxers." "Run wild, man." "I believe I will." "Yes, Detective Fusco?" "Do you have some new information for me?" "Yeah, as a matter of fact, I do." "I took a look at the report of his brother's death." "Caleb was the only witness." "He was there?" "His brother died right in front of him?" "Yeah, but something's not right." "I looked at every incident report that night." "The transit cop called for a backup... to dispatch, and then canceled the request." "Why would a policeman rescind a request for backup?" "That's what I'm trying to figure out." "I'm waiting on the transcripts to find out why." "Maybe it's time I go meet Caleb's mom and find out what his home life is like." "Interesting." "Caleb's latest national aptitude test score is exactly 50%, a statistically improbable score." "Unless you try to get it." "You see, Caleb knew the answer to every question." "But he chose only to fill in every other one." "I don't get it." "He tanked on purpose?" "Why would you want to hide the fact you're a genius?" "*" "Why, indeed?" "Caleb, a word?" "I could-couldn't help but notice this." "No offense, Mr. Swift, but now you're going through the garbage?" "Pi." "Can any of you tell me what it means?" "I'll settle for an intelligent question here." " Yeah?" " My friend has a question, Mr. Swift." ""What is any of this good for, and, uh... when would we ever use it?"" "Let me show you." "Pi." "The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter." "And this... is just the beginning." "It keeps on going... forever... without ever repeating." "Which means that contained within this string of decimals... is every single... other number." "Your birth date... combination to your locker... your social security number." "It's all in there, somewhere." "And if you convert... these decimals into letters... you would have every word that ever existed in every... possible combination." "The first syllable you spoke as a baby... the name of your latest crush... your entire life story from beginning to end." "Everything we ever say or do... all of the world's infinite possibilities rest within this 1... simple circle." "Now what you do with that information... what it's good for... well, that would be up to you." "Yep." "NYPD, ma'am." "We're investigating a string of burglaries in the area." "Talking to residents about things they might've seen or heard." "Mind if I come in and ask you a few questions?" "I'm running a little late." "So you, uh... you live alone?" "With my son Caleb." "We don't have a lot of room, so Caleb takes the couch." "Uh, that's work." "Just give me a sec." "So you and your son see anything suspicious lately?" "Any... strange comings and goings?" "Anyone who stands out?" "Nothing I can think of." "Cops come a few times a year." "It's domestic stuff mostly." "Some families have it rough, you know?" "Yeah." "I know exactly what you mean." "Thanks for your time." "Yes, Detective." "I planted that webcam for you." "Met Caleb's mom." "Late for work, rolling out the door with the shakes." "My guess is she's hitting the bottle." "No wonder Caleb doesn't care about his grades." "Anything new on our 2 dealers?" "Diego Velasquez and Ronnie Samms." "Used to deal for a guy by the name of Lorenzo." "Type of guy you don't wanna cross." "But now they're working for some new up-and-comer that narcotics hasn't been able to identify." "I tell you, that school's a real minefield." "Okay." "Gonna keep your mouth shut, right, Chief?" "Yeah." "Sure." "Except to say this." "The next time you decide you want to deal E to a kid who's clearly never bought in his entire life... do it in the locker room downstairs." "Because this jumpy fool... is a neon sign shouting "drugs ahoy."" "Chief." "Hmm!" " Ah!" " That's enough!" "Unless you want to settle this in the principal's office." " Are you Okay?" " I don't need your help." "Okay?" "Hacker... used to refer to... industrious coders... who... pushed the boundaries of modern computing." "Then that word... became misappropriated by those who pushed the boundaries so far... that they ended up with jail time." "Like Kevin Mitnick, back in the 1980s." "Eh, he was just trying to see how stuff worked." "Mitnick was looking for flaws in the system." "And he did so by breaking the law." "But he proved... people were the flaw, not the code." "Now they're paying him millions for the same thing that got him locked up in the first place." "Perhaps the most notorious hacker of them all was the one that got away." "Back when Uncle Sam was trying to maintain its iron grip on the budding Internet or Arpanet, as it was known then... this... hacker, this coder, hacked into the system and laid its secrets bare... ensuring... that the Internet... would become an open forum." "Plus that hacker made his mark without ever getting busted." "True." "Whoever it was... that person's still out there." "Hey, I'm checking on the boy genius." "Not you, the other one." "Turns out he's quite the little coder." "He's been coding a massive program." "In longhand, as he doesn't have a computer at home." "Then he writes it into a computer in the lab." "If the partial code I've discovered... is a snapshot of his work... what he's creating... could be groundbreaking." "Detective Fusco, can you do something for me?" "I need you to follow Diego and Ronnie." "Caleb had a run-in with them today that might lead to trouble." " Is there a history there?" " Hard to tell." "But..." "Caleb seemed to take an outsized interest in their drug dealing." "If someone's pulling their strings, I'd like to know who." "Finch, whoever this drug dealer is, he's careful." "Detective, how goes phase 1 of your plan?" "I got the package you sent over, but if I'm gonna wade in this pool, I need the right specs." "Yeah." "Sending them to you now." "Our friend in Rikers is counting on you." "*" "Okay." "Knock 'em dead, Detective." "They won't know what hit 'em." "Hm." "Wow." " Hi, I'd like to have" " The first one, on me." "How are you doing?" "Thanks, but, um..." "I'm looking for something a little more... specific." "Detective Fusco, our young man is on the move." "Give you a ride home?" "Car is right down there." "I'd like that." "I have to admit, you kind of threw me at first... asking all those questions about my background, my health." "I couldn't tell whether we were flirting'... or filling' out my medical history." "I'm a practical girl." "I like to know what I'm getting into." "H-h-hm." "So are we... getting into anything tonight?" "I am." "Ooh..." "I don't know what happened, but..." "I didn't even have that much to... drink." "Yeah." "Open wide, big fella." "I've been following this drug money all night." "Diego and Ronnie handed a bagful of it to a homeless guy, who I followed till he dumped it off at a money transfer place." "The worker there wired it to another money hub across town... where I hoofed it over there just in time... to see some other guy pick up the cash... and drop it in a PO box right here in Crown Heights." "Our mysterious drug lord is laundering his money, making it untraceable." "Well, not untraceable enough." "Whoever comes in for this cash is our guy." "Where are you anyway?" "I'm looking at you." "I thought you were following the kid." "I am." " Here you go, sir." " Thanks." "Well, I'll be damned." "Our mystery drug lord is Caleb." "Graded your quizzes." "Some of you have been paying attention." "Caleb, I expected better." "Prrrf." "*" "What did the kid do now?" "Caleb just got a message." "He's supposed to meet his supplier at 2:00." "We have to follow 'im." "Tricky little bastard, keeping his identity a secret." "He's better than most dealers twice his age." "I'll be sure and tell him how impressed you are with his criminal aptitude." "Beckman just broke into Caleb's account, Detective." "He copying a file named 17-6-21 onto a thumb drive." "Whatever Caleb's making... his teacher's interest in it... is far from academic." "Oh, Mr. Phipps!" "Look, I'm kind of on my way somewhere." "I just wanted to return something of yours." "You dropped this yesterday." "You really got to stop going through the trash, Mr. Swift." "You know, I used to do a little coding myself." "That's an elegant string you have." "But it occurs to me that if you want to implement multi-threading, you'd do better to use atomic variables." "Just a thought." "Wait, that, that works." "Yes." "That's why I suggested it." "Uh, thanks." "I hope you have your service weapon with you, Detective." "Yeah, I got you a machine gun too." "Very funny, Detective." "Let's try not to lose him." "Yo, Roman." "You here?" "Aw." "Oh, jeez." "Whoa." "That's what you came for, right?" "So tell me... why would a kid like you do something so stupid..." "like dealing at a school in my neighborhood?" "That's Lorenzo, all right." "Diego and Ronnie's old boss." "What's the plan?" "Crap." "You know, before he had his little accident here..." "Roman was telling me how you're just trying to score some bank to take a big trip." "That true?" "Yeah." "You pay back every dime you made selling to my customers, I'll let you leave town intact." "Be back here tomorrow night... 8 pm... or I'll come find you." "How do you expect me... to score that kind of cash in a day?" "Relax." "All right, I'll... rob a bank or something." "I like you." "You got brass." "But you don't show tomorrow night... break a lot more than your legs." "Kid's got it tough." "But picking a fight with a drug dealer?" "I mean... a dumb move for a genius." "Why would a young man with such potential risk it all just to get some easy drug money?" "I don't think it's about the money." "I think it's about the brother." "Dispatch transcripts from the night Ryan Phipps died." "Now the transit cop who filed the report called for backup." "Because Caleb initially reported that 2 youths got into a shoving match with Ryan... pushed him onto the tracks." "But the officer canceled the backup call and filed an accident report instead." "Why would Caleb change his story?" "Maybe he knew the killers." "Maybe he was thinking about taking care of them himself." "Diego and Ronnie?" "He's manipulating those morons." "Got 'em running drugs for him, a-and they don't even know it." "What's Beckner so absorbed in?" "That's Caleb's work." "Howard, it's Chris." "Can you still meet up tonight?" "I think you'll be impressed with what you see." "Great." "I'll see you there." "Change of plans, Detective." "Let me guess." "You need me to keep an eye on little Einstein myself tonight." "Keep me posted." "So..." "Mr. venture capital firm partner..." "Junior... partner." "Long way from the corner office." "Still have to... watch my step..." " pick my... projects carefully." " I get it." "When you see this" "Well, then, let's..." "Let's just see it..." "Chris, so I can... get back to my wife and kids." "What the hell was that?" "The Library of Congress." "What?" "235 terabytes on-on 1 thumb drive?" "The Internet's choking on streaming video." "They're gonna need a new compression algorithm to continue growing." "And I've got it." "All I need is an investment from a firm like yours to help me get it off the ground." "So... here's the thing, Chris." "I remember your code from back in college." "You were a medium talent at best." "There is no way... that that Chris Beckner designed something... this extraordinary." "Unlike our old friends..." "I didn't peak in college." "So no one else knows about this project?" "Programmers?" "Developers?" "No other entanglements?" "I can guarantee it." "Well..." "let's hope so." "Because I would hate for, uh... anyone to come between you and what I believe is... going to be a very large check." "I finally tracked down that transit cop, Murphy... the one who was first on the scene when Caleb's brother died." "Left a message for him to come down to the 8th after his shift." "Speaking of which, where's the kid now?" "He's moving money around, large amounts." "Getting the cash to pay off Lorenzo?" "No, he set up some kind of a trust, and he's pouring all his money into it." "Maybe he's thinking about taking that trip he's always talking about." "Beckner just texted Caleb." "He wants to meet at 8 tonight." "The same time he's supposed to meet Lorenzo." "And quantum physics notwithstanding, he can't be in 2 places at once." "Unless I'm right, and this kid's got a plan... time's running out on 2 fronts." "Maybe skipping town's the best thing for 'im." "Then we could focus some on getting your pal out of lockup." "Mr. Reese can take care of himself, Detective." "And right now, he's in very capable hands." "Detective Carter?" "Time is ticking away fast for our friend in Rikers." "Don't worry." "I know what to do." "*" "Here you go." "Mm." "Sorry, honey." "I'll be better tomorrow." "I promise." "Yeah." "Everything's gonna be better tomorrow, ma." "Detective Fusco." "I just want to remind you that I need your help tonight." "Caleb has 2 appointments, and we have no idea which one he intends to keep." "I'll be there." "You wanted to speak with me?" "Yeah." "Have a seat, Officer Murphy." "Like I said, I'm, uh... working on a cold case." "Commuter got pushed." "Looking for related cases, this popped up." "Ryan Phipps." "Says here you were first on the scene?" "Yeah, that's right." "Kid was 6 months shy of his 18th birthday." "Coming home with his little brother Caleb." "Ryan was horsing around, drinking a little bit." "Slipped on the tracks and got clipped." "Yeah, yeah, I remember." "It was a rough one." "Because it was a kid?" "Or because you didn't report the whole story?" "I know about the kids who pushed Ryan on the tracks." "I'm no detective, Detective." "I'm just a lowly transit cop." "I seen a lot of things in my time." "And I made a lot of decisions I regret." "This is not one of those times." "You may regret it when Caleb becomes a killer." "What are you talking about?" "You think revenge is gonna make Caleb feel better about seeing his brother die?" "You're a long ways off, Detective." "Then give me some directions." "You know, I did to the kid what you're doing to me right now." "When I asked him for descriptions of the other kids... kept changing it up." "There were no other kids." "No." "Just... 2 brothers... drinking... bored... waiting for a train to go home." "So they... dare each other to, uh... cross the tracks." "You know... how many times you can cross back and forth before a train comes?" "Well, Ryan doesn't want to lose to his little brother." "One kid makes it, the other kid doesn't." "I don't know who got the better deal." "So I told him I'd leave all that out of the report... write it up as an accident, and for him to keep it to himself." "So no matter what he had to tell his mom... or the cops, or God himself... nothing was gonna bring his brother back." "What can I tell you?" "Some things you can't fix." "Hey, I just talked to Murphy." "Brother's death was an accident, but it sounds like Caleb blames himself for it." "Well, that's a problem, Detective, because I lost Caleb." "He got on a city bus, and it left before I could catch up." "You're kidding me." "May I remind you that of the many things I'm equipped to do, pursuit would not be chief among them." "Our only option now is to wait for Caleb at the 2 places he's likeliest to turn up." "I'll stake out Beckner at the High School." "You keep an eye out for our aggrieved drug dealer." "Get everyone, and hunt that kid down!" "Our boy is a no-show, and Lorenzo wants his head." "You worry about the kid." "I'll take care of Lorenzo." "He's not here either, Detective." "I may be too late." "Swift, what are you doing here?" "I was gonna ask you the same." " I-I left some papers on" " Stop it." "I saw you break into Caleb's account and copy his files." "Is that what you're willing to stoop to?" "Stealing the work of a student and passing it off as your own?" "I am not gonna stand here and be accused of plagiarism by some substitute teacher." "Besides, why would I copy work off of a C-grade student?" "Because Caleb is anything but average." "And you know it." "That's why you took his work to your friend." "Caleb... approached me a few months ago... about this project he was working on." "I was skeptical, but when I... saw his code I couldn't believe my eyes, so I decided to help him." " By cutting him out of it." " No." "All he wanted was some money up front for this trip that he wants to take." "He said he didn't even want any credit." "Why on earth would you agree to that?" "I didn't." "Have read it for yourself." "Caleb gets all the credit." "It was just easier for me to... pitch the idea with him myself... get some capital... and then reveal the true brain behind it." "He offered me half if I put the other half in a trust that he set up for his mom." "But I'm giving him the whole thing." "All the money from 17-6-21." "17-6-21?" "It's the name he gave the program." "He said it was some kind of dedication." "Look, I am telling you, 6 months from now, Caleb is going to be the richest 18-year-old in the country." "No." "No, he won't." "Dispatch." "Officer Murphy, regarding the subway fatality." "10-80 on the backup request." "10-5, Officer." "Cancel backup request?" "Affirmative." "This seat taken?" "What are you doing here?" "You're so smart, Caleb." "Ask me something you don't know." "The thing about being reckless... taking chances... is that you make a lot of mistakes, cause a lot of grief." "Gonna start lecturing me on mistakes?" "How I need to live and learn?" "Move on?" "That's really inspiring, Mr. Swift." "I'd stand up on my desk and clap for you." "But" "No." "Your mistakes, like mine... are part of who you are now." "You can't move on... from that." "Believe me." "I've made a sizable number." "But... sometimes your mistakes can surprise you." "My biggest... mistake... for instance... brought me here... at exactly this moment... when you might need some help." "17 years, 6 months and 21 days into your life." "The age at which your brother died." "The age you've chosen to end your life... too." "17-6-21." "So, you see... maybe you and I are connected." "2 reckless people." "Yeah?" "Then what's the use?" "We're just gonna keep breaking things... over and over?" "Why not save everyone the grief?" "The thing about the world... is that it doesn't have any extra pieces." "It's like pi." "It contains everything." "You remove... a single piece... no circle." "Your recklessness, your mistakes... are the reason why, when they say "you can't change the world..."" "you won't listen." "The world is better off... with both of us in it..." "Caleb, rather than the alternative." "Yeah, you sure about that?" "Yes, and your mom is better off with you in it." "If you think money can replace you... you haven't seen the whole equation." "Take it from someone who thought that leaving... would make it easier on everyone... and then learned otherwise." "Say it to me again." "Slowly." "According to the lab results, none of the DNA we took from these 4 men matches any of the DNA in our database." "They're clean, sir." "All 4 of 'em." "I want every one of those samples sent to Quantico, reviewed through CODIS, and inspected for tampering." "They got to it." "I don't know how, but those bastards got to it." "Go." "1 more thing." "Get me Carter." "You really ought to be more careful with your code." "Thanks." "I grew up during the Cold War... when computer networks were just a gleam in the eye of the Department of Defense." "Things seemed more black and white then." "Arpanet was the new frontier." "Till a kid with a homemade computer turned the whole thing inside out." "All I'm saying is... it's a new era now, and things are about to get really weird." "So you should keep your code close to your vest." "And pick your friends wisely." "Pi." "The first... 3,000 digits." "My number's in there, somewhere." "You're smart, you'll figure it out." "Wait, uh... the hacker... the one who got away." "How'd you know he did that with a homemade computer?" "I've read all that research." "No one's ever mentioned that." "I must've heard it somewhere." "Detective Carter." "Has our friend in Rikers been released?" "Almost." "I'm going to meet 'im now." "Your DNA wasn't a match for whoever they're looking for." "We'll be processing you out momentarily." "Stop right there!" "These men have all been classified as unlawful combatants by the AUMF." "Until we can establish that they're not a threat to national security, they're not going anywhere." "Put him back." "Just the person I wanted to see." "What... is going on?" "I thought the evidence cleared these guys." "The DNA, the fingerprints, it's all too neat." "I've been burned too many times trying to bring this man to justice." "There's only 1 person that I know I can trust anymore." "You." "You've been chasing him from the beginning." "And we've only got 1 shot left at him, Detective." "If he walks out of here, we're never gonna see him again." "I know you were a senior interrogator in Iraq." "It's time to put those military skills to use." "I want you to interrogate every last one of these men, find out who they are, what they know." "Start with him." |
The invention relates to an apparatus for feeding fuel from a supply container to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle as generically defined by the preamble to claim 1.
One such apparatus is known from German Patent Disclosure DE 195 49 192. The fuel feed module described has a mushroom-shaped closing element in the bottom region of its suction container. This closing element is received in axially movable fashion. The mushroomlike part of the closing element spans an opening in the bottom of the suction container of the fuel feed module, by way of which the interior of the suction container of the fuel feed module communicates with the interior of a supply container. By its own weight, the closing element rests on the inside of the bottom of the suction container, spanning the opening, so that the opening is sealingly closed. When fuel is now introduced into the supply container, the fuel level in it rises, and as a result the static pressure acting on the underside of the closing element increases as well. This opens the valve, and fuel flows out of the supply container through the opening in the bottom of the suction container into the interior of the suction container. From the interior of the suction container, the fuel is delivered to the motor vehicle engine by means of a fuel feed module.
So that fuel can be delivered to the engine by the fuel feed unit, it is therefore necessary for relatively large quantities of fuel to be introduced into the supply container, so that an adequately high static pressure can be built up to open the closing element and thus enable the fuel to flow into the interior of the suction container. A disadvantage of an initial-fill valve actuated by the static pressure is thus the relatively large quantity of fuel that must be fed into the supply container in order to actuate the initial-fill valve.
It is therefore the object of the invention to create an apparatus for feeding fuel from a supply container to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle which in particular assures reliable initial filling of the fuel feed module after the final assembly of a motor vehicle the first time its tank is filled, or if the supply container has run empty, or only slight fuel quantities are present.
This object is attained by an apparatus having the characteristics of claim 1. Expedient refinements are defined by the dependent claims.
The apparatus according to the invention for feeding fuel from a supply container to an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. The apparatus has a fuel feed unit which on the intake side communicates with a suction container, communicating with the supply container, and on the pressure side communicates with the engine, and having a return line for feeding excess fuel into the suction container. In its bottom region the suction container has a closing element, which is movable between a first position, in which the suction container is opened relative to the supply container, and a second position, in which the suction container is closed relative to the supply container. According to the invention, the closing element has an actuating device, preferably a float body, which in particular at a low or zero fuel level in the supply container keeps the closing element in the first, open position, and which when at least enough fuel is located in the suction container so that the fuel feed unit can still furnish enough fuel to the engine, keeps the closing element in the second, closed position.
One essential advantage of a closing element having an actuating device is that the sealing function and closing function of the closing element are decoupled from one another. This kind of closing element according to the invention, also known as an initial-fill valve, is connected to the actuating device in such a way that when the tank is empty, the closing element is opened. Accordingly, for actuating the initial-fill valve, there is no need for a static pressure to be built up. As a result, even when the slightest fuel quantities are introduced, an immediate inflow of fuel from the supply container into the interior of the suction container is assured. A further advantage of a closing element embodied in this way is that when the tank is empty, the initial-fill valve is kept in the open position, so that sticking effects at the sealing seat that would otherwise occur are eliminated. Especially with an actuating device that is controlled as a function of the fuel level in the supply tank, a precisely defined closing point of the closing element is settable or attainable.
In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the actuating device is embodied as a float body and is connected to the closing element. The closing element is attached to the bottom of the suction container of the fuel feed module in such a way that when no fuel is present, the closing element is located in the open position by its total mass, comprising the mass of the closing element itself and the mass of the float body, since in the absence of fuel the float body is not lent any buoyancy. The float body is dimensioned such that in the event that the float body is immersed in the fuel or surrounded by it, a buoyant force develops which is greater than the mass force exerted by the total mass of the closing element. As a result, the closing element is put in the closing position. The closing forces are greater, the larger the dimensions of the float body, because its buoyant force corresponds to the quantity of fuel positively displaced.
One essential advantage of such an embodiment is also that a reliable sealing function of the closing element is thus attained, even if the sealing seat is dirty, since the buoyancy of the float body increases the sealing force, and the closing element is thus sealed off even better.
The closing element is preferably embodied as a flap or umbrella valve, whose sealing function and closing function are decoupled by the fuel level-dependent positioning controlled by the float body. The term xe2x80x9cdecoupledxe2x80x9d should be understood in this context to mean on the one hand that the buildup of a static pressure from an adequately large quantity of fuel placed in the supply container does not actuate the closing element, and on the other that by the dimensioning of the float body, with the closing element already closed, as a consequence of the buoyancy of the float body located in the fuel, the sealing function of the closing element can be increased still further, if only the float body is dimensioned as large enough, thus making its buoyancy correspondingly great enough.
In further exemplary embodiments, the float body is either secured directly in the closing element or is connected to the closing element via a lever, which is supported between the closing element and the float body. A substantial advantage of a float body connected directly to the closing element is that the entire closing element is structurally especially simple and thus functions reliably, especially in a failsafe manner. The substantial advantage of a closing element in which the float body is connected to the actual closing element via a lever is that by a suitable choice of the lever length and the position of the float body, which is preferably disposed displaceably on the lever in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the lever, is that the closing moment in particular and thus the sealing force of the closing element, embodied as an umbrella valve, can be designed to be settable.
The closing element is preferably disposed on the bottom of the suction container in such a way that the umbrella of the umbrella valve is disposed on the outside of the bottom of the suction container, that is, the outside oriented toward the bottom of the supply container, while the float body is disposed in the interior of the suction container. However, it is also possible to dispose the closing element in the region of the bottom of the suction container, on its side wall, in which case the actuation of the closing element takes place via a float body connected to the closing element by a deflection lever.
Along with the use of a size of the float body adapted to the particular location and desired sealing force of the closing element, it is also possible to provide an electromagnet, for instance, as the actuating element, the electromagnet being controlled as a function of the fuel level. For detecting the fuel level, in such a case, fuel fill level sensors of a type known per se should be provided. An actuating device of this kind has the advantage that the closing element is completely decoupled from the fuel level or from the quantity of fuel introduced. |
"(lNSTRUMENTS BEEPlNG)" "SAAVlK:" "Captain's Log, Stardate 81 30.3." "Starship Enterprise on training mission to Gamma Hydra," "Section 14, coordinates 22-87-4." "Approaching Neutral Zone." "All systems normal" "and functioning." "Leaving Section 14 for Section 1 5." "Stand by." "Project parabolic course to avoid entering Neutral Zone." "SULU:" "Aye, Captain." "Course change projected." "Captain, I'm getting something on the distress channel." "On speakers." "MAN:" "Imperative!" "This is the Kobayashi Maru, 19 periods out of Altair VI." "We have struck a gravitic mine and have lost all power." "(DISTORTED) Our hull is penetrated and we have sustained many causalities..." "This is the Starship Enterprise." "Your message is breaking up." "Can you give us your coordinates?" "Repeat, this is the Starship..." "Enterprise, ourposition is Gamma Hydra, Section 10." "(static) ln the Neutral Zone." "Hull penetrated, life support systems failing." "Can you assist us, Enterprise?" "Can you assist us?" "Data on Kobayashi Maru." "COMPUTER VOICE:" "Subject vessel is third class neutronic fuel carrier, crew of 81, 300 passengers." "Damn." "Mr Sulu?" "Plot an intercept course." "May I remind the Captain that if a starship enters the Zone... I'm aware of my responsibilities, Mister." "SULU:" "Estimating two minutes to intercept." "Now entering the Neutral Zone." "COMPUTER VOICE:" "Warning." "We have entered Neutral Zone." "We are now in violation of treaty, Captain." "Stand by, Transporter Room, ready to beam survivors aboard." "Captain!" "I've lost their signal." "COMPUTER VOICE:" "Alert." "Sensors indicate three Klingon cruisers, bearing 3-1-6 mark 4." "Closing fast." "Visual." "Battle stations." "Activate shields." "(ALARM blaring)" "Shields activated." "Inform the Klingons we are on a rescue mission." "They're jamming all the frequencies, Captain." "COMPUTER VOICE:" "Klingons on attack course and closing." "We're over our heads." "Mr Sulu, get us out of here." "I'll try, Captain." "COMPUTER VOICE:" "Alert." "Klingon torpedoes activated." "Alert." "Evasive action!" "(ALARM wailing)" "Engineering, damage report." "SCOTTY ON INTERCOM:" "Main energizer hit, Captain." "Engage auxiliary power." "Prepare to return fire." "(GROANS)" "Shields collapsing, Captain." "Fire all phasers." "No power to the weapons, Captain." "SCOTTY:" "Captain, it's no use." "We're dead in space." "(explosion)" "SAAVlK:" "Activate escape pods." "Send out the log buoy." "All hands abandon ship." "Repeat, all hands abandon ship." "kirk:" "All right." "Open her up." "(ALARM blaring)" "Any suggestions, Admiral?" "kirk:" "Prayer, Mr Saavik." "The Klingons don't take prisoners." "Lights." "MAN ON PA:" "Motors on." "Captain?" "Trainees, to the briefing room." "WOMAN ON PA:" "Maintenance crew, report to Bridge Simulator." "Maintenance crew, report to Bridge Simulator." ""Physician, heal thyself." -ls that all you've got to say?" "What about my performance?" "l'm not a drama critic." "Well, Mr Saavik, are you gonna stay with the sinking ship?" "Permission to speak candidly, sir?" "Granted." "SAAVlK:" "I don't believe this was a fair test of my command abilities." "And why not?" "Because there was no way to win." "A no-win situation is a possibility every commander may face." "Has that never occurred to you?" "No, sir. lt has not." "How we deal with death is at least as important as how we deal with life, wouldn't you say?" "As I indicated, Admiral, that thought had not occurred to me." "Well, now you have something new to think about." "Carry on." "WOMAN ON PA:" "Engineering cadets, assemble on C-Level." "McCOY:" "Admiral." "Wouldn't it be easier to just put an experienced crew back on the ship?" "Galloping around the cosmos is a game for the young, Doctor." "Now, what is that supposed to mean?" "Aren't you dead?" "I assume you're loitering around here to learn what efficiency rating I plan to give your cadets?" "I am understandably curious." "They destroyed the Simulator Room and you with it." "The Kobayashi Maru scenario frequently wreaks havoc with students and equipment." "As I recall, you took the test three times yourself." "Your final solution was, shall we say, unique." "It had the virtue of never having been tried." "By the way, thank you for this." "I know of your fondness for antiques." ""lt was the best of times, it was the worst of times..."" "Message, Spock?" "None that I'm conscious of." "Except, of course, happy birthday." "Surely the best of times." "WOMAN ON PA:" "Captain Spock, Captain Spock, space shuttle leaving in 15 minutes." "Where are you off to now?" "The Enterprise." "I must check in before your inspection." "And you?" "Home." "(DOORBELL dings)" "kirk:" "Why, bless me, Doctor." "What beams you into this neck of the woods?" "Beware Romulans bearing gifts." "Happy birthday, Jim." "Thanks." "Romulan ale." "Why, Bones, you know this is illegal." "I only use it for medicinal purposes." "I got a border ship that brings me in a case every now and then across the Neutral Zone." "Now, don't be a prig." "2283." "Yeah, well, it takes this stuff a while to ferment." "Here, give me." "Now, you open this one." "I'm almost afraid to." "What is it?" "Klingon aphrodisiacs?" "No." "Bones, this is charming." "For most patients your age, I usually recommend Retinax V." "l'm allergic to Retinax." "Exactly." "Cheers." "Cheers." "(EXHALES)" "Happy birthday." "l don't know what to say." "Well, you could say thank you." "Thank you." "Damn it, Jim, what the hell's the matter with you?" "Other people have birthdays." "Why are we treating yours like a funeral?" "Bones, I don't want to be lectured." "What the hell do you want?" "This is not about age and you know it." "It's about you flying a goddamn computer console when you want to be out there hopping galaxies." "Spare me your notions of poetry, please." "We all have our assigned duties." "Bull!" "You're hiding, hiding behind rules and regulations." "Who am I hiding from?" "From yourself, Admiral." "Don't mince words, Bones." "What do you really think?" "Jim, I'm your doctor and I'm your friend." "Get back your command." "Get it back before you turn into part of this collection." "Before you really do grow old." "CHEKOV:" "Starship Log, Stardate 8130.4." "Log entry by First Officer Pavel Chekov." "Starship Reliant on orbital approach to Ceti Alpha VI in connection with Project Genesis." "We are continuing our search for a lifeless planet to satisfy the requirement of a test site for the Genesis experiment." "So far, no success." "Standard orbit, please." "Mr Beach, any change in the surface scan?" "Negative." "Limited atmosphere dominated by craylon gas, sand, high-velocity winds." "incapable of supporting life forms." "Does it have to be completely lifeless?" "Don't tell me you found something." "We've picked up a minor energy flux reading on one dynoscanner." "Damn." "Are you sure?" "Maybe the scanner's out of adjustment." "I suppose it could be a particle of preanimate matter caught in the matrix." "All right." "Get on the comm-pic to Dr Marcus." "Aye, sir." "Maybe it's something we can transplant." "You know what she'll say." "CAROL:" "Let me get this straight." "Something you can transplant?" "CHEKOV:" "Yes, Doctor." "CAROL:" "Something you can transplant?" "I don't know." "TERRELL:" "But it may only be a particle of preanimate matter." "Then again, it may not." "You boys have to be clear on this." "There can't be so much as a microbe, or the show's off." "(sighs) Why don't you have a look?" "But if it is something that can be moved, I want..." "You bet, Doctor." "We're on our way." "Well, don't have kittens, Genesis is going to work." "They'll remember you in one breath with Newton, Einstein, Surak!" "Thanks a lot." "No respect from my offspring." "Par for the course." "Are you teaming up with me for bridge after dinner?" "Maybe." "What is it?" "(david sighing)" "Every time we have dealings with Starfleet, I get nervous." "We are dealing with something that could be perverted into a dreadful weapon." "Remember that overgrown Boy Scout you used to hang around with?" "That's exactly the kind of man..." "Listen, kiddo." "Jim Kirk was many things, but he was never a Boy Scout." "MAN ON RAIDO:" "Captain Terrell, stand by to beam down." "(air whooshing)" "TERRELL ON radio:" "Chekov, are you sure these are the correct coordinates?" "CHEKOV ON radio:" "Captain, this is the garden spot of Ceti Alpha VI." "(TRlCORDER BEEPlNG)" "TERRELL:" "I can barely see it." "CHEKOV:" "There's nothing here." "The tricorder must be broken." "(CHEKOV SIGHS)" "(TRlCORDER BEEPlNG FASTER)" "TERRELL:" "Chekov, overhere." "Those look like cargo carriers." "Hey, give me a hand." "(TRlCORDER BEEPlNG rapidly)" "What the hell happened?" "If they crashed, then where's the rest of the ship?" "What the hell is that?" "Botany Bay." "Botany Bay?" "Oh, no!" "We've got to get out of here now." "Damn." "What about the tricorder." "Hurry." "Never mind that." "Hurry." "Hurry!" "Chekov, what's the matter with you?" "Chekov!" "CHEKOV:" "Come on!" "Hurry!" "Starship Reliant to Captain Terrell." "This is Commander Kyle." "Will you please respond, Captain?" "Captain Terrell." "Respond, please." "Let's give them a little more time." "Khan." "I don't know you." "But you... I never forget a face." "Mr Chekov, isn't it?" "I never thought to see your face again." "Chekov, who is this man?" "A criminal, Captain." "A product of late 20th century genetic engineering." "What do you want with us?" "Sir, I demand to be..." "You are in a position to demand nothing, sir." "I, on the other hand, am in a position to grant nothing." "What you see is all that remains of the ship's company and crew of the Botany Bay, marooned here 1 5 years ago by Captain James T. Kirk." "Listen to me." "You men and women..." "Captain, Captain, Captain." "(KHAN chuckling)" "Save your strength, Captain." "These people have sworn to live and die at my command 200 years before you were born." "Do you mean he never told you the tale?" "To amuse your captain?" "No?" "Never told you how the Enterprise picked up the Botany Bay, lost in space from the year 1 996, myself and the ship's company in cryogenic freeze?" "l've never even met Admiral Kirk." "KHAN:" "Admiral?" "Admiral." "Never told you how Admiral Kirk sent 70 of us into exile on this barren sand heap, with only the contents of these cargo bays to sustain us?" "You lie!" "On Ceti Alpha V there was life!" "A fair chance." "This is Ceti Alpha V." "Ceti Alpha Vl exploded six months after we were left here." "The shock shifted the orbit of this planet and everything was laid waste." "Admiral Kirk never bothered to check on our progress." "It was only the fact of my genetically engineered intellect that allowed us to survive." "On Earth, two hundred years ago," "I was a prince with power over millions." "Captain Kirk was your host." "You repaid his hospitality by trying to steal his ship and murder him." "You didn't expect to find me." "You thought this was Ceti Alpha Vl." "Ah." "Why are you here?" "(CHEKOV gasping)" "Why?" "Allow me to introduce you to Ceti Alpha V's only remaining indigenous life form." "(CREATURE growling)" "What do you think?" "They killed 20 of my people," "including my beloved wife." "(SCREECHlNG)" "Not all at once" "and not instantly, to be sure." "(barking)" "You see, their young enter through the ears and wrap themselves around the cerebral cortex." "This has the effect of rendering the victim extremely susceptible to suggestion." "Later, as they grow, follows madness and death." "(TERRELL GRUNTlNG)" "CHEKOV:" "Khan, listen to me." "These are pets, of course." "Not quite domesticated." "Khan, Captain Kirk was only doing his duty." "TERRELL:" "No!" "(TERRELL moaning)" "(TERRELL AND CHEKOV screaming)" "(BOTH moaning)" "That's better." "Now, tell me, why are you here?" "And tell me where l may find James Kirk." "MAN ON RADIO:" "Enterprise to Admiral Kirk's shuttle." "You're cleared for docking." "Approach portside torpedo bay." "Enterprise, this is Admiral Kirk's party on final approach." "WOMAN ON radio:" "Enterprise welcomes you." "Prepare for docking." "kirk:" "I hate inspections." "I'm delighted." "Any chance to go aboard the Enterprise." "Well, I, for one, am glad to have you at the helm for three weeks." "I don't think these kids can steer." "(whistling)" "Open the airlock." "Permission to come aboard, Captain." "Welcome, Admiral." "I think you know my training crew." "Certainly they have come to know you." "Yes." "We've been through death and life together." "Mr Scott, you old space dog." "You're well?" "I had a wee bout, sir, but Dr McCoy pulled me through." "A wee bout of what?" "Shore leave, Admiral." "Oh, yes." "And who do we have here?" "Midshipman, first class, Peter Preston, engineer's mate, sir!" "First training voyage, Mr Preston?" "Yes, sir!" "l see." "Well, shall we start with the Engine Room?" "SCOTTY:" "We'll see you there, sir." "And everything is in order." "That'll be a pleasant surprise, Mr Scott." "I'll see you on the Bridge, Admiral." "Company dismissed." "(lN VULCAN)" "Well, Mr Scott, are your cadets capable of handling a minor training cruise?" "Give the word, Admiral." "Mr Scott, the word is given." "Aye, sir." "Admiral, what about the rest of the inspection?" "(MOUTHlNG)" "MAN ON RADIO:" "This is StarfIeet Operations." "Enterprise is clear for departure." "Admiral on the Bridge." "WOMAN ON RADIO:" "Pre-stage flux chillers, port." "MAN ON RADIO:" "On." "WOMAN:" "Pre-stage flux chillers, starboard." "MAN:" "On." "WOMAN:" "Main stage flux chillers, port." "MAN:" "Enabled." "SAAVlK:" "Running lights on." "WOMAN:" "Main stage flux chillers, starboard." "MAN:" "Enabled." "Very well, Mr Saavik." "You may clear all moorings." "SAAVlK:" "Aye, sir." "All moorings are clear, Captain." "Thank you." "Lieutenant?" "Have you ever piloted a starship out of space dock?" "Never, sir." "Take her out, Mr Saavik." "Aye, sir." "For everything, there is a first time, Lieutenant." "Don't you agree, Admiral?" "kirk:" "Mmm-hmm." "Aft thrusters, Mr Sulu." "SULU:" "Aft thrusters." "Would you like a tranquilliser?" "SAAVlK:" "Ahead one-quarter impulse power." "Ahead one-quarter impulse power." "We are free and clear to navigate." "Course heading, Captain?" "Captain's discretion." "Mr Sulu, you may indulge yourself." "Aye, sir." "Does that about do it?" "I don't think there's another piece of information we could squeeze into the memory banks." "Next time, we'll design a bigger one." "Who'd wanna build it?" "Dr Marcus?" "Comm-pic coming in on hyperchannel." "lt's the Starship Reliant." "On the screen, please, Jedda." "Come in, please." "This is the Reliant calling Regula I." "Repeat, this is U.S.S. Reliant." "CAROL:" "Commander, we are receiving." "This is Regula I." "Go ahead." "Dr Marcus." "Good." "We're en route to you and should be there in three days." "En route?" "Why?" "We weren't expecting you for another three months." "Has something happened?" "Nothing has happened." "Ceti Alpha VI has checked out." "Then I don't understand why you..." "We have received new orders." "Upon our arrival at Regula I, all materials of Project Genesis will be transferred to this ship for immediate testing on Ceti Alpha VI." "Who in the hell do they think they are?" "Please be quiet." "Commander Chekov, this is completely irregular." "I have my orders." "Pin him down, Mother." "Who gave the order?" "The order comes from" "Admiral James T. Kirk." "I knew it!" "I knew it!" "All along, the military's wanted to get..." "This is completely improper, Commander Chekov." "I have no intention of allowing Reliant or any other unauthorised personnel access to our work or materials." "I'm sorry that you feel that way, Doctor." "Admiral Kirk's orders are confirmed." "Please prepare to deliver Genesis to us upon our arrival." "Reliant out." "Well done, Commander." "You realise, sir, they will attempt to contact Admiral Kirk and confirm the order." "SAAVlK:" "Hold, please." "Thank you, sir." "Lieutenant, are you wearing your hair differently?" "It's still regulation, Admiral." "May I speak, sir?" "Self-expression doesn't seem to be one of your problems." "You're bothered by your performance on the Kobayashi Maru." "I failed to resolve the situation." "There's no correct resolution." "It's a test of character." "May I ask how you dealt with the test?" "You may ask." "That's a little joke." "Humour. lt is a difficult concept." "It is not logical." "We learn by doing." "Who's been holding up the damn elevator?" "Thank you, sir." "Did she change her hairstyle?" "l hadn't noticed." "Wonderful stuff, that Romulan ale." "UHURA ON INTERCOM:" "Admiral Kirk?" "Kirk here." "I have an urgent comm-pic from Space Lab Regula I for you, sir." "Dr Carol Marcus." "l'll take it in my quarters, Uhura." "UHURA:" "Aye, sir." "It never rains, but it pours." "As a physician, you of all people should appreciate the dangers of re-opening old wounds." "Sorry." "CAROL:" "Jim, can you read me?" "I can hear you, Carol." "What's wrong?" "What's the matter?" "Why are you taking Genesis away from us?" "Taking Genesis?" "Who's taking Genesis?" "Who is taking Genesis?" "I can see you, but I can't hear." "Carol..." "Jim, did you give the order?" "What order?" "Who's taking Genesis?" "Please help us, Jim." "I will not let them have Genesis without proper authorisation!" "Have Genesis?" "Who's taking..." "On whose authority can they do this?" "No one's authority!" "(DISTORTED) Jim, please..." "Uhura, what's happening?" "UHURA:" "Transmission jammed at the source, sir." "Alert Starfleet Headquarters." "UHURA:" "Aye, sir." "I want to talk to Starfleet Command." "CAROL:" "Quiet." "We must have order in here." "This has to be some sort of mistake." "david:" "Mistake!" "We're all alone here." "They waited until everyone was on leave to do this." "Reliant is supposed to be at our disposal, not vice-versa." "It seems clear Starfleet never intended..." "CAROL:" "I know that, but..." "MAN:" "David, you were right." "david:" "I tried to tell you before." "Scientists have always been pawns of the military." "Starfleet has kept the peace for 1 00 years." "I cannot and will not subscribe to your interpretation of this event." "You may be right, Doctor." "But what about Reliant?" "She's on her way." "kirk:" "We have a problem." "Something may be wrong on Regula I." "We've been ordered to investigate." "If memory serves, Regula I is a scientific research laboratory." "I told Starfleet Command all we had was a boatload of children, but we're the only ship in the quadrant." "Spock, these cadets of yours, how good are they?" "How will they respond under real pressure?" "As with all living things, each according to his gifts." "Of course, this ship is yours." "No, that won't be necessary." "Just get me to Regula I." "As a teacher on a training mission, I'm content to command the Enterprise." "If we are to go on actual duty, it is clear that the senior officer onboard must assume command." "It may be nothing." "Garbled communications." "You take the ship." "Jim." "You proceed from a false assumption." "I'm a Vulcan. I have no ego to bruise." "You're about to remind me that logic alone dictates your actions?" "I would not remind you of that which you know so well." "If I may be so bold, it was a mistake for you to accept promotion." "Commanding a starship is your first, best destiny." "Anything else is a waste of material." "I would not presume to debate you." "That is wise." "In any case, were I to invoke logic, logic clearly dictates that the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few." "Or the one." "You are my superior officer." "You are also my friend." "I have been and always shall be yours." "Stop energizers." "SULU:" "Stop energizers." "Put me on speakers." "An emergency situation has arisen." "By order of Starfleet Command, as of now, 1 800 hours, I'm assuming command of this vessel." "Duty officer, so note in the ship's log." "Plot a new course for Space Laboratory Regula I." "Engine Room." "Mr Scott." "SCOTTY ON INTERCOM:" "Aye, sir?" "We'll be going to warp speed." "Aye, sir." "Course plotted for Regula I, Admiral." "kirk:" "Engage warp engines." "Prepare for warp speed." "Ready, sir." "I know that none of you were expecting this. I'm sorry." "I'm going to have to ask you to grow up a little bit sooner than you expected." "Warp 5, Sulu." "So much for the little training cruise." "WOMAN:" "Course to intercept Enterprise ready, sir." "KHAN:" "Excellent." "Helmsman?" "Sir, may I speak?" "We're all with you, sir." "But consider this." "We are free." "We have a ship and the means to go where we will." "We have escaped permanent exile on Ceti Alpha V." "You have proved your superior intellect and defeated the plans ofAdmiral Kirk." "You do not need to defeat him again." "He tasks me." "He tasks me and I shall have him." "I'll chase him round the moons of Nibia and round the Antares maelstrom and round perdition's flames before I give him up." "Prepare to alter course." "UHURA:" "Space Station Regula I, please come in." "Dr Marcus, please respond." "This is Enterprise... lt's no use." "There's no response from Regula I." "But no longerjammed?" "No, sir." "No nothing." "There are two possibilities." "They are unable to respond." "They are unwilling to respond." "How far?" "1 2 hours, 43 minutes, present speed." ""Give up Genesis," she said." "What in God's name does it mean?" "Give it up to whom?" "It might help my analysis if I knew what Genesis was, beyond the biblical reference." "Uhura, have Dr McCoy join us in my quarters." "UHURA:" "Aye, sir." "kirk:" "Mr Saavik?" "You have the conn." "Well, I've got Sickbay ready." "Now, will someone please tell me what's going on?" "Computer." "Request security procedure and access to Project Genesis summary." "COMPUTER VOICE:" "Identify for retina scan." "Kirk, Admiral James T." "Security Scan approved." "Summary, please?" "Project Genesis." "A proposal to the Federation." "Carol Marcus." "Yes." "What exactly is Genesis?" "Well, put simply, Genesis is life from lifelessness." "It is a process whereby molecular structure is reorganised at the subatomic level into life-generating matter of equal mass." "Stage one of our experiments was conducted in the laboratory." "Stage two of the series will be attempted in a lifeless underground." "Stage three will involve the process on a planetary scale." "It is our intention to introduce the Genesis device into a preselected area of a lifeless space body, a moon or other dead form." "The device is delivered, instantaneously causing what we call the Genesis Effect." "Matter is reorganised with life-generating results." "Instead of a dead moon, a living, breathing planet capable of sustaining whatever life forms we see fit to deposit on it." "Fascinating." "The reformed moon simulated here represents the merest fraction of the Genesis' potential, should the Federation wish to fund these experiments to their logical conclusion." "When we consider the cosmic problems of population and food supply, the usefulness of this process becomes clear." "This concludes our proposal." "Thank you for your attention." "It literally is genesis." "Power of creation." "Have they proceeded with their experiments?" "kirk:" "Well, the tape was made about a year ago, so I can only assume they've reached stage two by now." "Dear Lord, do you think we're intelligent enough to..." "Suppose..." "What if this thing were used where life already exists?" "It would destroy such life in favour of its new matrix." "Its new matrix?" "Do you have any idea what you're saying?" "I was not attempting to evaluate its moral implications, Doctor." "As a matter of cosmic history, it has always been easier to destroy than to create." "Not any more!" "Now we can do both at the same time." "According to myth, the Earth was created in six days." "Now, watch out." "Here comes Genesis." "We'll do it for you in six minutes." "Really, Dr McCoy, you must learn to govern your passions." "They will be your undoing." "Logic suggests..." "Logic?" "My God, the man's talking about logic." "We're talking about universal Armageddon." "You green-blooded, inhuman..." "SAAVIK:" "Bridge to Admiral Kirk." "Admiral, sensors indicate a vessel in our area, closing fast." "What do you make of her?" "It's one of ours, Admiral." "It's Reliant." "SPOCK:" "Reliant?" "Try the emergency channels." "Picture, Mr Saavik." "KHAN:" "Slow to one-half impulse power." "Let's be friends." "Slowing to one-half impulse power." "Reliant in our section, this quadrant, sir, and slowing." "Sir?" "May I quote General Order 1 2?" ""On the approach of any vessel" ""when communications have not been established..."" "Lieutenant." "The Admiral is well aware of the regulations." "Aye, sir." "kirk:" "is it possible their comm system has failed?" "SPOCK:" "It would explain a great many things." "They're requesting communications, sir." "Let them eat static." "joachim:" "They're still running with shields down." "Of course." "We are one big happy fleet." "(sighs LOUDLY)" "Kirk, my old friend." "Do you know the Klingon proverb that tells us," ""Revenge is a dish that is best served cold?"" "It is very cold in space." "This is damn peculiar." "Yellow alert." "Energize defence fields." "(ALARM blaring)" "I'm getting a voice message." "They say their chambers coil is overloading their comm system." "Spock?" "Scanning." "Their coil emissions are normal." "They still haven't raised their shields." "Raise ours." "Their shields are going up." "Lock phasers on target." "Locking phasers on target." "They're locking phasers." "Raise shields." "Fire!" "Sulu, get those shields up." "Trying, sir." "MAN:" "I can't breathe. I can't breathe." "(CREW CLAMOURlNG)" "MAN:" "I need air!" "I need air!" "I can't get power, sir." "Scotty?" "Uhura, turn off those damn channels!" "Mr Scott on the screen." "We're just hanging on, sir." "The main energizer's out." "KIRK:" "Try auxiliary power!" "Aye, aye, sir." "Damage report." "They knew exactly where to hit us." "Who?" "Who knew where to hit us?" "And why?" "One thing is certain." "We cannot escape on auxiliary power." "Visual." "Sulu, divert all power to phasers." "SPOCK:" "Too late." "Hang on!" "kirk:" "Scotty!" "What's left?" "SCOTTY:" "Just the batteries, sir." "I can have auxiliary power in a few minutes." "We don't have a few minutes!" "Can you give me phaser power?" "A few shots, sir." "Not enough against their shields." "Who the hell are they?" "UHURA:" "Admiral, the Commander of the Reliant is signalling." "He wishes to discuss terms of our surrender." "Put it on screen." "UHURA:" "Admiral..." "Do it!" "While we still have time." "UHURA:" "On screen, sir." "Khan." "You still remember, Admiral." "I cannot help but be touched." "I, of course, remember you." "What is the meaning of this attack?" "Where is the crew of the Reliant?" "Surely I have made my meaning plain." "I mean to avenge myself upon you, Admiral." "I've deprived your ship of power, and when I swing around, I mean to deprive you of your life." "But I wanted you to know first who it was who had beaten you." "Khan, if it's me you want, I'll have myself beamed aboard." "Spare my crew." "I make you a counterproposal." "I'll agree to your terms if, in addition to yourself, you hand over to me all data and material regarding the project called Genesis." "Genesis?" "What's that?" "Don't insult my intelligence, Kirk." "Give me some time to recall the data on our computers." "I give you 60 seconds, Admiral." "kirk:" "Clear the Bridge." "At least we know he doesn't have Genesis." "Keep nodding as though I'm still giving orders." "Mr Saavik, punch up the data charts of Reliant's command console." "Reliant's command?" "Hurry!" "45 seconds." "The prefix code?" "That's all we've got." "SAAVlK:" "The chart's up, sir." "KHAN:" "Admiral." "We're finding it." "Admiral." "kirk:" "Please." "Please, you've gotta give us time." "The Bridge is smashed." "The computer's inoperative." "Time is a luxury you don't have, Admiral." "Damn!" "Admiral?" "lt's coming through now, Khan." "Reliant's prefix number is 1 6309." "l don't understand." "You have to learn why things work on a starship." "Each ship has its own combination code to prevent an enemy from doing what we're attempting." "We're using our console to order Reliant to lower her shields." "Assuming he hasn't changed the combination." "He's quite intelligent." "Fifteen seconds, Admiral." "Khan, how do we know you'll keep your word?" "I've given you no word to keep, Admiral." "In myjudgement, you simply have no alternative." "I see your point." "Stand by to receive our transmission." "Mr Sulu, lock the phasers on target and await my command." "Phasers locked." "Time's up, Admiral." "Here it comes." "Now, Mr Spock." "(BEEPlNG)" "Sir, our shields are dropping." "Raise them." "l can't!" "Where's the override?" "The override?" "Fire." "Fire!" "Fire!" "We can't fire, sir." "Why can't you?" "They've damaged the photon control and the warp drive." "We must withdraw." "No!" "No!" "Sir, we must!" "Enterprise can wait." "She's not going anywhere." "SULU:" "Sir, you did it." "l did nothing." "Except get caught with my breeches down." "I must be getting senile." "Mr Saavik, you go right on quoting regulations." "In the meantime, let's find out how badly we've been hurt." "(DOOR opening)" "(UHURA GASPS)" "ls the word given, Admiral?" "The word is given." "Warp speed." "PRESTON:" "Aye." "(PRESTON sighing)" "(sobbing) He stayed at his post when the trainees ran." "SPOCK ON INTERCOM:" "Admiral?" "This is Spock." "Yes, Spock?" "Engine Room reports auxiliary power restored." "We can proceed at impulse power." "Best speed to Regula I." "Kirk out." "I'm sorry, Scotty." "SULU:" "Approaching Regula and Space Lab Regula I." "UHURA:" "Space Station Regula I, this is the Starship Enterprise." "Please come in." "Space Station Regula I, do you read?" "Space Station Regula I, this is Enterprise." "Please acknowledge." "This is Enterprise." "Do you read me?" "Space Station Regula I, do you read?" "Please come in." "There's no response, sir." "Sensors, Captain?" "The scanners and sensors are still inoperative." "There's no way to ascertain what's inside the station." "No way of telling if Reliant is still in the area." "Precisely." "kirk:" "What do you make of that planetoid beyond?" "SPOCK:" "Regula is Class-D." "It consists of various unremarkable ores, essentially a great rock in space." "And Reliant could be hiding behind that rock." "A distinct possibility." "Engineering." "SCOTTY:" "Aye, sir?" "Mr Scott?" "Do you have enough power for transporters?" "Barely, sir." "kirk:" "I'm going down there." "Khan could be down there." "He's been there, hasn't found what he wants." "Can you spare someone?" "There may be people hurt." "Yeah, I can spare me." "SAAVlK:" "Begging the Admiral's pardon." "General Order 1 5, "No flag officer shall beam" ""into a hazardous area without armed escort."" "There's no such regulation." "All right, join the party." "Mr Spock, the ship is yours." "Jim, be careful." "We will." "(TRlCORDER BEEPlNG) lndeterminate life signs." "Phasers on stun." "Move out." "(SOFT SCUFFLlNG)" "(GASPS)" "Jim!" "Well, rigor hasn't set in." "This couldn't have happened too long ago, Jim." "Carol." "This is Enterprise calling Space Lab Regula I." "Respond, please." "SAAVlK:" "Admiral, over here." "UHURA:" "Dr Marcus, come in, please." "Oh, my God." "Please acknowledge signal." "Please..." "SAAVIK:" "Commander Uhura, this is Lieutenant Saavik." "We're all right." "Please stand by." "Out." "Oh, sir, it was Khan." "We found him on Ceti Alpha V." "Easy." "Easy, Pav." "He put creatures in our bodies to control our minds." "McCOY:" "It's all right." "You're safe now." "Made us say lies, do things." "But we beat him." "He thought he controlled us, but he did not." "The Captain was strong." "Captain." "Where's Dr Marcus?" "Where are the Genesis materials?" "He couldn't find them." "Even the data banks were empty." "Erased?" "He tortured those people, but none of them would tell him anything." "He went wild." "He slit their throats." "He wanted to tear the place apart." "But he was late." "He had to get back to the Reliant in time to blow you to bits." "Where's Reliant's crew?" "Dead?" "Marooned on Ceti Alpha V." "He's completely mad, Admiral." "He blames you for the death of his wife." "I know what he blames me for." "The escape pods are all in place." "Where's the Transporter Room?" "Did he make it down here?" "lt was not my impression." "He spent most of his time trying to wring the information out of the people." "SAAVlK:" "Anything?" "kirk:" "The unit's been left on." "Which means nobody remained to turn it off." "Those people back there bought escape time for Genesis with their lives." "This is not logical." "These coordinates are deep inside Regula, a planetoid we know to be lifeless." "If stage two was completed, it was going to be underground." "It was going to be underground, she said." "SAAVlK:" "Stage two of what?" "Kirk to Enterprise." "SPOCK:" "Spock here." "Captain Spock, damage report." "Admiral, if we go by the book, like Lieutenant Saavik, hours could seem like days." "l read you, Captain." "Let's have it." "The situation is grave, Admiral." "We won't have main power for six days." "Auxiliary power has temporarily failed." "Restoration may be possible in two days, by the book, Admiral." "Meaning you can't even beam us back?" "Not at present." "Captain Spock. lf you don't hear from us within one hour, your orders are to restore what power you can, take the Enterprise to the nearest starbase and alert Starfleet Command as soon as you're out ofjamming range." "UHURA:" "Sir, we won't leave you behind." "Uhura, if you don't hear from us, there won't be anybody behind." "Kirk out." "Well, gentlemen, you can stay here, or... lf it's all the same, Admiral, we'd like to share the risk." "Right." "Let's go." "Saavik?" "Go?" "Where are we going?" "Where they went." "Suppose they went nowhere?" "Then this will be your big chance to get away from it all." "Admiral." "Genesis, I presume." "(RATTLlNG)" "Phasers down." "david:" "You." "Where's Dr Marcus?" "david:" "I'm Dr Marcus." "CAROL:" "Jim!" "is that David?" "Mother, he killed everybody we left behind." "Of course he didn't." "David, you're just making this harder." "I'm afraid it's even harder than you think, Doctor." "Please don't move." "Chekov." "l'm sorry, Admiral." "Your Excellency, have you been listening?" "I have indeed, Captain." "You have done well." "I knew it!" "You son of a bitch!" "(JEDDA SCREAMS)" "Don't move!" "Anybody!" "Captain?" "We are waiting." "What's the delay?" "All is well, sir." "You have the coordinates to beam up Genesis." "First things first, Captain." "Kill Admiral Kirk." "Sir, it is difficult. I..." "I try to obey, but..." "Kill him." "I... (CREATURE screeching)" "(screaming)" "Kill him, Terrell, now." "(TERRELL SCREAMS)" "(CREATURE screeching)" "(MOANlNG)" "(CHEKOV SCREAMS)" "(SCREECHlNG)" "God's sakes!" "david:" "What is it?" "(SCREECHlNG)" "Khan, you bloodsucker!" "You're gonna have to do your own dirty work now." "Do you hear me?" "Do you?" "Kirk." "Kirk, you're still alive, my old friend." "Still, old friend, you've managed to kill just about everyone else, but like a poor marksman, you keep missing the target." "Perhaps I no longer need to try, Admiral." "Oh, no." "david:" "Let go." "He can't take it!" "Khan." "Khan, you've got Genesis, but you don't have me." "You were going to kill me, Khan." "You're gonna have to come down here." "You're going to have to come down here." "I've done far worse than kill you." "I've hurt you, and I wish to go on hurting you." "I shall leave you as you left me, as you left her, marooned for all eternity in the centre of a dead planet." "Buried alive." "Buried alive." "Khan!" "Khan!" "This is Lieutenant Saavik calling Enterprise." "Can you read us?" "He's coming around." "kirk:" "Pavel?" "Can you read us?" "It's no use, Admiral." "They're still jamming all channels." "If Enterprise followed orders, she's long since gone." "If she couldn't obey, she's finished." "So are we, it looks like." "I don't understand." "Who's responsible for all this?" "Who is Khan?" "Well, it's a long story." "We appear to have plenty of time." "is there anything to eat?" "I don't know about anybody else, but I'm starved." "How can you think of food at a time like this?" "First order of business, survival." "There's food in the Genesis cave." "Enough to last a lifetime, if necessary." "We thought this was Genesis." "This?" "(SCOFFS) lt took the Starfleet Corps of Engineers 1 0 months in spacesuits to tunnel out all this." "What we did in there, we did in a day." "David, why don't you show Dr McCoy and the Lieutenant our idea of food?" "We can't just sit here." "Oh, yes, we can." "This is just to give us something to do, isn't it?" "Come on." "Admiral?" "As your teacher Mr Spock is fond of saying," ""l'd like to think that there always are possibilities."" "I did what you wanted. I stayed away." "Why didn't you tell him?" "(sighing)" "How can you ask me that?" "Were we together?" "Were we going to be?" "You had your world and I had mine, and I wanted him in mine, not chasing through the universe with his father." "Actually, he's a lot like you in many ways." "Please tell me what you're feeling." "There's a man out there I haven't seen in 1 5 years who's trying to kill me." "You show me a son that'd be happy to help him." "My son." "My life that could have been and wasn't." "What am I feeling?" "Old." "Worn out." "Let me show you something that'll make you feel young, as when the world was new." "Impulse power restored." "Excellent." "More than a match for poor Enterprise." "You did all this in a day?" "The matrix formed in a day." "The life forms grew later at a substantially accelerated rate." "McCOY:" "Jim, this is incredible!" "Have you ever seen the like?" "Can I cook or can't I?" "Where is she?" "SAAVlK:" "Sir, may I ask you a question?" "What's on your mind, Lieutenant?" "The Kobayashi Maru, sir." "Are you asking me if we're playing out that scenario now?" "On the test, sir, will you tell me what you did?" "I would really like to know." "Lieutenant, you are looking at the only Starfleet cadet who ever beat the no-win scenario." "How?" "I reprogrammed the simulation so it was possible to rescue the ship." "What?" "He cheated." "I changed the conditions of the test." "I got a commendation for original thinking." "I don't like to lose." "Then you never faced that situation, faced death?" "I don't believe in the no-win scenario." "Kirk to Spock. lt's two hours." "Are you ready?" "SPOCK:" "Right on schedule, Admiral." "Just give us your coordinates and we'll beam you aboard." "All right." "I don't like to lose." "SAAVlK: ...report, we were immobilised." "Captain Spock said it'd be two days." "kirk:" "Come, come, Lieutenant." "You of all people go by the book." "Spock!" "You know Dr Marcus." "SPOCK:" "Why, of course." "Hello, Mr Spock." "McCOY:" "I'm taking this bunch to Sickbay." "SAAVlK:" "By the book?" "By the book." "Regulation 46A. "lf transmissions are being monitored during battle..." ""No un-coded messages on an open channel."" "You lied." "l exaggerated." "Hours instead of days." "Now we have minutes instead of hours." "They're inoperative below C-Deck." "What is working around here?" "Not much, Admiral." "We have partial main power." "kirk:" "That's it?" "SPOCK:" "Best we could do in two hours." "SULU:" "Admiral on the Bridge." "Battle stations." "(ALARM wailing)" "Tactical." "Uh-oh." "SPOCK:" "She can still outrun us and outgun us, but there is the Mutara Nebula at 1 -5-3 mark 4." "kirk:" "Scotty, can we make it inside?" "The energizer's bypassed like a Christmas tree, so don't give me too many bumps." "No promises." "On your way." "Trouble with the nebula, sir, is all that static discharge and gas clouds our tactical display." "Visual won't function and shields will be useless." "Sauce for the goose, Mr Saavik." "The odds will be even." "(CREW chattering)" "There she is." "There she is." "Ah." "Not so wounded as we were led to believe." "So much the better." "Estimating nebula penetration in 2.2 minutes." "Reliant is closing." "(THUNDER rumbling) lf they go in there, we'll lose them." "KHAN:" "Explain it to them." "(explosion)" "That was close." "kirk:" "They just don't want us going in there." "One minute to nebula perimeter." "Why are we slowing?" "Daren't follow them into the nebula, sir." "Our shields would be useless." "They are reducing speed." "Uhura, patch me in." "UHURA:" "Aye, sir." "You're on, Admiral." "KIRK ON RADIO:" "This is Admiral Kirk." "We tried it once your way, Khan." "Are you game for a rematch?" "Khan, I'm laughing at the superior intellect." "Full impulse power." "No, sir." "You have Genesis." "You can have whatever you..." "Full power!" "Damn you!" "I'll say this for him, he's consistent." "We are now entering the Mutara Nebula." "kirk:" "Emergency lights." "(rumbling)" "Tactical." "inoperative." "KHAN:" "Raise the shields." "As I feared, sir, not functional." "I'm reducing speed." "(THUNDER rumbling)" "MAN:" "Target, sir." "Phaser lock inoperative, sir." "kirk:" "Best guess, Mr Sulu." "Fire when ready." "(GRUNTlNG)" "Aft torpedoes, fire!" "Hold your course." "Evasive starboard!" "Fire!" "(MEN screaming)" "KIRK:" "Damage, Mr Scott?" "Admiral, I've got to take the mains off the line." "lt's the radiation..." "Scotty." "KHAN:" "Joachim!" "Yours is superior... I shall avenge you." "Could you use another hand, Admiral?" "Man the weapons console, Mr Chekov." "Spock." "SPOCK:" "Sporadic energy readings." "Port side, aft." "Could be an impulse turn." "He won't break off now." "He followed me this far, he'll be back." "But from where?" "He's intelligent but not experienced." "His pattern indicates two-dimensional thinking." "Full stop." "Full stop, sir." "Z-minus 1 0,000 metres." "Stand by photon torpedoes." "Torpedoes ready, sir." "Look sharp." "Fire!" "Uhura, send to Commander Reliant, "Prepare to be boarded."" "UHURA:" "Aye, sir." "Commander Reliant, this is Enterprise." "Surrender and prepare to be boarded." "Enterprise to Reliant." "You are ordered to surrender your vessel." "Respond." "Reliant, come in, Reliant." "You are ordered to surrender your vessel." "Enterprise to Reliant." "You are ordered to surrender your vessel." "Respond." "No, Kirk." "The game's not over." ""To the last I will grapple with thee."" "(ringing)" "Admiral, scanning an energy source on Reliant, a pattern I've never seen before." "lt's the Genesis wave." "What?" "david:" "They're on a build-up to detonation." "How soon?" "We encoded four minutes." "We'll beam aboard and stop it." "You can't." "Scotty, I need warp speed in three minutes or we're all dead." "UHURA:" "No response, Admiral." "kirk:" "Scotty!" "Mr Sulu, get us out of here." "Best possible speed." "SULU:" "Aye, sir." "Are you out of your Vulcan mind?" "No human can tolerate the radiation that's in there." "As you are so fond of observing, Doctor, I am not human." "You're not going in there." "Perhaps you're right." "What is Mr Scott's condition?" "Well, I don't think that he... I'm sorry, Doctor." "I have no time to discuss this logically." "Remember." "Spock!" "Get out of there!" "Spock!" "Spock!" "Get out of there!" "Time from my mark?" "Two minutes, 1 0 seconds." "Engine Room, what's happening?" "Spock!" "SCOTTY:" "Spock!" "Get out of there!" "McCOY:" "Good God, man, get out of there!" "SCOTTY:" "No!" "Don't!" "Don't!" "McCOY:" "Spock!" "Spock!" "(WHOOSHlNG)" "Time?" "Three minutes, 30 seconds." "Distance from Reliant?" "4,000 kilometres." "We're not gonna make it, are we?" "No." "No, you can't get away." ""From hell's heart I stab at thee." ""For hate's sake I spit my last breath at thee."" "Sir, the mains are back online." "Bless you, Scotty." "Go, Sulu!" "My God, Carol." "Look at it." "Engine Room." "Well done, Scotty." "McCOY:" "Jim, I think you'd better get down here." "Bones?" "Better hurry." "Saavik, take the conn." "No!" "You'll flood the whole compartment." "He'll die." "Sir, he's dead already." "It's too late." "Spock!" "(HOARSELY) Ship out of danger?" "Yes." "Don't grieve, Admiral." "It is logical." "The needs of the many outweigh..." "The needs of the few." "Or the one." "I never took the Kobayashi Maru test." "Until now." "What do you think of my solution?" "Spock." "I have been, and always shall be, your friend." "Live long and prosper." "No." "kirk:" "We are assembled here today to pay final respects to our honoured dead." "And yet it should be noted that, in the midst of our sorrow, this death takes place in the shadow of new life, the sunrise of a new world, a world that our beloved comrade gave his life to protect and nourish." "He did not feel this sacrifice a vain or empty one, and we will not debate his profound wisdom at these proceedings." "Of my friend, I can only say this." "Of all the souls I have encountered in my travels," "(SOBS) his was the most" "human." "SULU:" "Honours!" "(SCOTTY playing AMAZING GRACE ON bagpipe)" "(KNOCK AT DOOR)" "Come." "I don't mean to intrude." "No, not at all. I should be on the Bridge." "Can I talk to you for a minute?" "I poured myself a drink." "Would you like it?" "Lieutenant Saavik was right." "You never have faced death." "No, not like this." "I haven't faced death." "I've cheated death." "I've tricked my way out of death and patted myself on the back for my ingenuity." "I know nothing." "You knew enough to tell Saavik that how we face death is at least as important as how we face life." "Just words." "But good words." "That's where ideas begin." "Maybe you should listen to them." "I was wrong about you and I'm sorry." "ls that what you came here to say?" "Mainly." "And also that I'm proud, very proud to be your son." "KIRK:" "Captain's Log, Stardate 8141 .6." "Starship Enterprise departing for Ceti Alpha V to pick up the crew of U.S.S. Reliant." "All is well." "And yet, I can't help wondering about the friend I leave behind." ""There are always possibilities," Spock said." "And if Genesis is indeed life from death," "I must return to this place again." "He's really not dead, as long as we remember him." ""lt's a far, far better thing I do than I have ever done before." ""A far better resting place I go to" ""than I have ever known."" "is that a poem?" "Something Spock was trying to tell me on my birthday." "You okay, Jim?" "How do you feel?" "Young." "(lNHALES) I feel young." "SPOCK:" "Space, the final frontier." "These are the continuing voyages ofthe Starship Enterprise." "Her ongoing mission, to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life forms and new civilisations," |
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a connector, a set of connectors and connecting a method.
2. Description of the Related Art
U.S. Pat. No. 5,476,390 discloses a lever-type connector with male and female housings. A lever is mounted rotatably on the female housing and has a cam groove that is engageable with a cam pin on the male housing. The lever initially is held at a starting position and the male housing is positioned so that the cam pin faces the entrance of the cam groove. The lever then is rotated to move the cam pin along the cam groove. As a result, the housings are pulled toward and connected with each other. Thus, the connector takes advantage of the leverage action of the lever and connects the housings with a smaller force.
Some of lever-type connectors have an erroneous connection preventing means for preventing connection of the female and male housings in a wrong combination. The erroneous connection preventing means includes a rib extending in a connecting direction on one housing and a groove on the mating housing for receiving the rib. The positions of the rib and the groove differ for each pair of housings so that the male and female housings can be connected only in a correct combination. The rib is displaced from the groove if an attempt is made to connect the male and female housings in a wrong combination. Thus, the rib contacts an end surface of the mating housing to prevent the connection.
A cam pin that is at the entrance to the cam groove may interfere with an edge of the cam groove and may damage the lever if an operator tries to turn the lever in a state where connection of the housings is prevented.
The present invention was developed in view of the above problem and an object thereof is to provide prevent a connector from being damaged upon erroneously connecting a male and a female connector housings. |
The bladder does not appear to have a dynamic secreted continuous mucous gel layer.
We determined whether the nature of any protective barrier in the bladder is composed of a secreted mucous gel layer. We collected 24-hour urine samples for analysis from 8 healthy 22 to 49-year-old volunteers and 5, 19 to 59-year-old patients treated with bladder reconstruction, in addition to scrapings from 100 freshly slaughtered pig bladders. Samples were subjected to homogenization, dialysis, freeze-drying, papain digestion, gel chromatography, equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, periodic acid-Schiff assay and amino acid analysis. Normal human bladder, pig bladder, normal ileum and transposed intestinal segments were studied for the presence of a mucous layer using a new method of histological analysis. Mucin content in normal urine is 2.7 mg/24 hours, meaning that less than 0.6% of nondialyzable material in normal urine is mucin. The mucin content of urine from reconstructed bladders amounted to 86 mg/24 hours (5.2% of nondialyzable material). We observed that glycosaminoglycans accounted for 41% of the peak total elution volume of PAS positive material in normal urine. Mucin estimation in urine can be grossly overestimated if contaminating glycoconjugates are not removed. Biochemical analysis of material scraped off the pig bladder surface demonstrated that the maximum thickness of a continuous layer that could be achieved was 13.6 mum. While we could visualize an obvious mucous layer on control ileal samples and biopsies of transposed ileal segments from patients with bladder reconstruction, we were unable to note a distinct, measurable mucous layer lining the bladder surface in humans or pigs. Mucin levels in normal human and pig urine would be enough for slow turnover of a thin barrier but the large increase in mucin in the urine of patients with transposed intestinal segments demonstrates that any layer in normal bladder is much different than that lining the transposed intestinal segment. The most likely constituents of this barrier are membrane bound rather than secreted mucins along with the proteoglycan components of the glycocalix. |
Web based social networking has become a popular way for people to meet other people over the Internet. Typically, social networking is implemented by websites that provide a dedicated social networking service. Social networking services are typically stand alone web-based services.
To use a web-based social networking service, a user may provide information to setup an account with a social networking service. Once a user's account is configured, users can generate “profiles” of themselves. The profiles typically contain basic information about a user (such as location, occupation, hobbies, etc.).
Social networking services allow users to view other user profiles, join groups with a common subject or theme, add other registered users to a contact list, and send messages to other users having an account with the particular networking service. As stand alone web services, users must generate an account and develop a “network” over time. Messages sent to other users are typically sent as text-based messages, sometimes containing formatting and other markup, and are handled entirely by the social networking system. Communication is typically limited to other users having an account with the networking service. Thus, a user may not send a message to a mail address outside the social networking service other than an invitation to join the social networking service. |
DE 25 28 008 A1 shows a printing press for use in a direct printing process, and having forme cylinders which can be equipped with six printing plates in the axial direction and with two printing plates in the circumferential direction, and also having counter-pressure cylinders, on which three printing blankets can be arranged in the axial direction and one printing blanket can be arranged in the circumferential direction. Both the printing plates, which are arranged side-by-side, as well as the printing blankets, which are also arranged side-by-side, are each offset, with respect to each other, in the circumferential direction.
DE 24 22 696 C2 shows a satellite printing unit of a width of six plates with offset printing groups, and having nine or ten cylinders. The two center ones of six printing formes, which are arranged side-by-side in the axial direction, are arranged offset, in the circumferential direction, with respect to the outer ones of the printing formes on the forme cylinder.
A triple-wide web-fed rotary printing press, with two formers arranged on two different levels placed on top of each other, is known from DE 41 28 797 A1.
A folding structure is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,671,501. Two formers are arranged on top of each other, in which formers, following their passage through winding rollers, the webs are longitudinally cut upstream of a third former. The partial webs are turned by 90° by a third former and, after having been combined into two continuous webs, are subsequently fed to the two formers which are arranged on top of each other.
A folding structure with two groups of three formers each, which two groups of formers are vertically offset with respect to each other, is known from EP 1 072 551 A2.
A folding structure is known from WO 97/17 200 A2, in which cut partial webs, which are transversely offset with respect to each other, are fed to different formers. The formers, which are arranged horizontally side-by-side, are arranged partially offset with respect to each other.
A longitudinal cutting arrangement for variably cut widths is known from EP 1 238 395 A2. This cutting arrangement has upper cutters which are movable in the axial direction, and a lower cutter shaft with a number of grooves exceeding the number of the upper cutters.
DE 42 04 254 A1 discloses a folding structure of a printing press which is four newspaper pages wide. Two formers, which can be shifted transversely with respect to the web running direction, are arranged on a lower former level, and a single stationary former is arranged on a level above the lower former level. In one mode of operation, a newspaper with four pages is produced using the two lower formers. In another mode of operation six pages of a telephone directory are provided side-by-side by the three formers. In the latter case, the two lower formers are moved apart.
EP 1 072 551 A2 shows a former arrangement with two groups of three cylinders each. The formers of one group are located on one level and overlap each other, at least viewed in their horizontal direction, in the vertical extension.
It is known from DE 196 28 647 A1 to imprint a web with panorama printed pages, which panorama printed pages have printing extending over two adjacent newspaper pages, without interruption.
In connection with double-width printing groups, DE 100 16 409 A1 discloses a transfer cylinder having two printing blankets situated side-by-side. Triple-width cylinders are also mentioned, in addition to single-width and double-width cylinders. |
In shower units, the water from the pipe where the mixer and/or closure valve is positioned, is conveyed to a rose at the end of the unit. The rose is often bell-shaped, closed at the bottom by the nozzle where a mass of very small holes are distributed, through which water, in the form of many minute jets, is sprayed like rain on the user.
The nozzle is usually made of plastic and has a cylindrical trunk shape with a hole in the middle via which it is screwed onto the rose or metallic supporting structure.
With another alternative, the edge of the nozzle is rolled over and held together with the rose by a threaded ring. Lastly there are other technical alternatives wherein the nozzle is attached to the rose which feeds it with the water to be sprayed.
Regardless of the type of anchorage and its particular shape, the nozzle is equipped with many minuscule holes which perforate it, in some cases having a cylindrical shape, in others having a shape that is initially a truncated cone and then cylindrical at the extreme that starts inside the rose.
A nozzle structure with spray perforations made in this way facilitates the formation and accumulation of lime scale therein, and therefore the blockage of these perforations so that the unit becomes unusable.
What, in fact, happens with the shower unit is, when the regulator for the water flow housed inside the pipes before the rose is turned off, not all the water comes out. A portion of the water remains in the rose due to depression in the pipe. Due to capillary and surface tension effects, the minuscule spray perforations retain water inside where it slowly evaporates due to the relatively high temperature that the rose reaches during the downflow of water which is normally heated.
Lime scale and solid substances dissolved in the water and incrustations, build up particularly around the fine spray holes until they cause them to clog up.
Following this, it is necessary to disassemble the nozzle and, remove it from the rose, clean it with liquid solvents capable of dissolving the lime scale or with fine needles which, when pushed into the perforations with the intention of freeing them of the lime scale, cause them to be widened and so, over time, the nozzle undergoes damage. |
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