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stringlengths 12
26
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imagewidth (px) 3.02k
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| plant
stringclasses 1
value | level
stringclasses 1
value | view
stringclasses 1
value | healthy
stringclasses 2
values | rust
stringclasses 3
values | leaf_miner
stringclasses 3
values | other_insect
stringclasses 3
values | mechanical_damage
stringclasses 3
values | other_remarks
stringclasses 5
values | expert_healthy
stringclasses 3
values | expert_rust
stringclasses 3
values | expert_leaf_miner
stringclasses 3
values | expert_other_insect
stringclasses 3
values | expert_mechanical_damage
stringclasses 3
values | expert_confidence
stringclasses 7
values | expert_other_remarks
stringclasses 2
values | expert_notes
stringclasses 32
values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00752.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | spots |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00675.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00687.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Maybe | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00734.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00732.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Maybe | nan | Harder to tell |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00717.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00728.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00679.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00671.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00750.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00657.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Maybe | nan | could just be damage, some minor spotting |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00673.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Small | nan | Tiny spot of rust |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00691.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00760.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Tip is clearly rust |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00655.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00748.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00667.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Spotting |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00693.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00670.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00663.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00689.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Spotting |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00648.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00744.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00709.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Small | nan | small amount at tip |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00705.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Insect damage |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00695.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00719.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | No | No | No | No | nan | No | No | No | No | No | Unclear | nan | Young leaf, maybe rust present |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00701.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Most likely | nan | Most likely bug damage, but could be rust |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00653.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00665.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Most likely | nan | Some spotting, but probably just old |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00726.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Preliminary spotting or just old |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00754.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00651.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Maybe small spores |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00713.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00707.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Maybe small spores |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00715.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | No | No | No | No | nan | No | No | No | No | No | Unclear | nan | young leaves, maybe spores starting |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00742.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Most likely | nan | one spot, some discoloration |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00740.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | Beginnings of rust, small spottings |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00711.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00758.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00730.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | Realy early signs of rust |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00746.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Likely | nan | Insect or older leaf |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00721.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | Really early signs of rust |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00724.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00738.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | Early rust present |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00736.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | Beginnings of rust, small spottings |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00764.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00683.png | opportunistic | 2 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Insect damage |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00681.png | opportunistic | 2 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Insect damage, small chance of rust |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00677.png | opportunistic | 2 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Insect damage, small chance of rust |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00762.png | opportunistic | 2 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Insect damage |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00697.png | opportunistic | 2 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | No | No | No | No | nan | No | No | No | No | No | Unclear | nan | Could be rust, could be old |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00756.png | opportunistic | 2 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | No spotting, but rust |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00661.png | opportunistic | 2 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | No | Yes | No | No | nan | No | No | Yes | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00699.png | opportunistic | 2 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Old leaf like characteristics |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00703.png | opportunistic | 2 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Old leaf like characteristics. |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00685.png | opportunistic | 2 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | old leaf characteristics |
|
session_1_1_16_2025 | DSC00647.png | opportunistic | 2 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Maybe | nan | rust, more old like characteristics |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0341.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | spots |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0355.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0351.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Maybe | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0347.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0396.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Maybe | nan | Harder to tell |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0394.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0408.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0373.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0414.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0337.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0339.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Maybe | nan | could just be damage, some minor spotting |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0361.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Small | nan | Tiny spot of rust |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0363.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0435.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Tip is clearly rust |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0416.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0384.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0345.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Spotting |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0402.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0376.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0390.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0386.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Spotting |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0410.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0439.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0392.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Small | nan | small amount at tip |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0388.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Insect damage |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0400.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0359.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | No | No | No | No | nan | No | No | No | No | No | Unclear | nan | Young leaf, maybe rust present |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0437.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Most likely | nan | Most likely bug damage, but could be rust |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0443.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0371.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Most likely | nan | Some spotting, but probably just old |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0365.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Preliminary spotting or just old |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0424.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0428.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Maybe small spores |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0335.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0382.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Clear | nan | Maybe small spores |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0445.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | No | No | No | No | nan | No | No | No | No | No | Unclear | nan | young leaves, maybe spores starting |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0433.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Most likely | nan | one spot, some discoloration |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0380.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | Beginnings of rust, small spottings |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0357.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0331.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | nan |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0418.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | No | Yes | No | No | No | nan | No | Yes | No | No | No | Likely | nan | Realy early signs of rust |
|
session_2_1_18_2025 | IMG_0406.png | opportunistic | 1 | 16 | exp | nan | D | Yes | No | No | No | No | nan | Yes | No | No | No | No | Likely | nan | Insect or older leaf |
Dataset Card for Invasive Plants Project
This dataset is aimed at the image multi-classification and segmentation of various leaf damage types caused by biocontrol agents. The dataset contains images of both the dorsal and ventral side of Clidemia Hirta leaves, that were all collected in January 2025 near Hilo (Hawaii), in dirt trails along Steinback Highway. Clidemia Hirta is a highly invasive plant on the island of Hawaii (Big Island).
Dataset Configurations and Splits
Three configurations of the dataset can be loaded from the HuggingFace datasets
library. Each configuration can be further subdivided into three analytical splits.
The Systematic Configuration
The systematic configuration will download to your local machine the subset of the dataset corresponding to the leaves that were collected by following our systematic sampling protocol (see the paper for more details). The dorsal
split will only download the images corresponding to the dorsal side of these leaves, the ventral
split will only download the images corresponding to the ventral side, and the both
split will include both sides of the images. Here's how to load each of the three available splits :
from datasets import load_dataset
# Dorsal Split
dorsal_dataset = load_dataset("imageomics/invasive_plants_hawaii", name="systematic", split="dorsal")
# Ventral Split
ventral_dataset = load_dataset("imageomics/invasive_plants_hawaii", name="systematic", split="ventral")
# Combined Ventral and Dorsal Split
combined_dataset = load_dataset("imageomics/invasive_plants_hawaii", name="systematic", split="both")
The Opportunistic Configuration
The opportunistic configuration will download to your local machine the subset of the dataset corresponding to the leaves that were collected by following our opportunistic sampling protocol (see the paper for more details). The dorsal
split will only download the images corresponding to the dorsal side of these leaves, the ventral
split will only download the images corresponding to the ventral side, and the both
split will include both sides of the images. Here's how to load each of the three available splits :
from datasets import load_dataset
# Dorsal Split
dorsal_dataset = load_dataset("imageomics/invasive_plants_hawaii", name="opportunistic", split="dorsal")
# Ventral Split
ventral_dataset = load_dataset("imageomics/invasive_plants_hawaii", name="opportunistic", split="ventral")
# Combined Ventral and Dorsal Split
combined_dataset = load_dataset("imageomics/invasive_plants_hawaii", name="opportunistic", split="both")
The Full Configuration
The full configuration will download the full dataset (i.e., both opportunistically and systematically sampled leaves) to your local machine . The dorsal
split will only download the images corresponding to the dorsal side of the leaves, the ventral
split will only download the images corresponding to the ventral side, and the both
split will include both sides of the images. Here's how to load each of the three available splits :
from datasets import load_dataset
# Dorsal Split
dorsal_dataset = load_dataset("imageomics/invasive_plants_hawaii", name="full", split="dorsal")
# Ventral Split
ventral_dataset = load_dataset("imageomics/invasive_plants_hawaii", name="full", split="ventral")
# Combined Ventral and Dorsal Split
combined_dataset = load_dataset("imageomics/invasive_plants_hawaii", name="full", split="both")
Dataset Details
Baseline Damage Classification Benchmark
F1-Score
Model / Damage | Healthy | Leaf Miner | Fungus | Other Insect | Mechanical |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ResNet-50 | 69.3% | 66.8% | 49.7% | 68.9% | 60.7% |
ResNext | 73.5% | 66.4% | 62.0% | 66.2% | 59.9% |
ConvNext | 87.2% | 78.0% | 76.2% | 73.2% | 67.8% |
ViT-base | 48.5% | 69.5% | 47.4% | 71.2% | 66.0% |
MaxViT | 81.5% | 70.3% | 72.9% | 74.9% | 52.1% |
Conv ViT | 70.7% | 71.9% | 66.5% | 60.7% | 65.1% |
ROC-AUC
Model / Damage | Healthy | Leaf Miner | Fungus | Other Insect | Mechanical |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ResNet-50 | 84.0% | 82.4% | 68.9% | 73.6% | 70.4% |
ResNext | 88.1% | 82.3% | 71.1% | 77.0% | 70.6% |
ConvNext | 97.1% | 88.2% | 86.1% | 87.1% | 73.8% |
ViT-base | 81.2% | 84.6% | 65.9% | 81.4% | 70.8% |
MaxViT | 93.6% | 83.8% | 82.1% | 86.4% | 71.3% |
Conv ViT | 85.7% | 81.1% | 69.8% | 71.9% | 73.2% |
Imaging Sessions
The leaves were imaged during 12 distinct imaging sessions (marked as session
in the dataset). The session session_1_16_2025
was our initial test imaging setup and we don't recommend using the images associated with this session to train any leaf damage classification or segmentation model. We used only the images from session 2 to session 12 to train our model. These images were carefully taken in a lab-controlled setting, with an intense bright light, on a 1/4 inch white grid paper. The four red dots can be used to remove distortion in the images, and the color card can be used to calibrate the colors. Two different phones were used to image the leaves, namely :
- Sessions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11 : iPhone 13
- Sessions 7, 8, 10, 12 : Pixel 3
Leaf ID
Each leaf can be uniquely identified by the following informations :
- Imaging session : The name of the imaging session during which the dorsal and ventral pictures of the leaf were taken, marked in the
session
column of the dataset. - Site ID : The ID of the site (marked in the
site
column of the dataset) where the leaf was collected. - Plant ID : The ID of the plant (marked in the
plant
column of the dataset) from which the leaf was collected. For opportunistically sampled leaves, the plant ID will be noted asExp
. - Level : The level of the plant (marked in the
level
column of the dataset) from which the leaf was collected. For leaves sampled opportunistically, the value of thelevel
column is equal toNone
. For the leaves sampled systematically, the value oflevel
column can be eitherL
: Leaf was sampled from the bottom level of the plantM
: Leaf was sampled from the middle of the plantH
: Leaf was sampled from the top of the plant
- Index : An integer number to help identify each leaf individually, marked in the
index
column of the dataset
Extracting Images and Distinguishing Between Dorsal and Ventral Sides
The images corresponding to the dorsal and ventral side of each can be easily accessed by using the following informations:
- Filename : The filename of the image, marked in the
filename
column of the dataset - View : The side of the leaf (
D
for dorsal,V
for ventral) associated to thefilename
image. This information is marked in theview
column of the dataset
Damage Types (Classification Labels)
A given leaf can be completely healthy (which will be indicated in the healthy
column of the dataset), or show a combination of the following types of damage:
- Fungus Damage : Damage caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, an antrachnose fungus that was released in Hawaii as a biocontrol agent for the first time in 1997. Infected leaves will have dark brown lesions that resemble rust spots. The presence or absence of fungus damage for a given leaf will be indicated in the
rust
column of the dataset. - Mechanical Damage : Mechanical damage caused notably by human/animal manipulation, pesticides, or cars. Affected leaves will have dark irregular lesions on them. These lesions have a different shape and are darker than those caused by C. gloeosporioides. The presence or absence of mechanical damage for a given leaf will be indicated in the
mechanical_damage
column of the dataset. - Leaf Miner Damage : Damage caused by leaf miner insects. The larvae of Lius Poseidon, released in Hawaii in 1988 as a biocontrol agent for C. Hirta, is a notable example. The larvae creates a distinctive brown serpentine shape, that widens as the larvae grows. The presence or absence of leaf miner damage for a given leaf will be indicated in the
leaf_miner
column of the dataset. - Other Insects Damage : Damage caused by other insects, notably leaf defoliation. The presence or absence of other insect damage for a given leaf will be indicated in the
other_insect
column of the dataset.
For a given leaf, each damage type column (healthy
, rust
, other_insect
, leaf_miner
, mechanical_damage
) will be marked by either Yes, Maybe, or No. The column other_remarks
can also include additional notes about the leaf damage(s) that were observed by the human who labelled it.
Expert Validation
Expert validation on the classification labels of the leaves is available for a subset of the dataset. For a given leaf, the damage types observed by the expert are marked in the columns expert_healthy
, expert_rust
, expert_leaf_miner
, expert_mechanical_damage
and expert_other_insect
. The expert's confidence level in their annotations is stored in the expert_confidence
column. Additional remarks from the expert on the observable damage of the leaf can be found in the expert_other_remarks
and expert_notes
columns.
Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
Our dataset supports image multi-class classification, as well as image segmentation. See our paper for current benchmarks.
Dataset Structure
/invasive_plants_hawaii/
docs/
field_imaging_and_extraction_protocol.pdf
lab_imaging_protocol.pdf
metadata/
full_dataset.csv
full_opportunistic_dataset.csv
full_systematic_dataset.csv
full_dataset_dorsal.csv
systematic_dataset_dorsal.csv
opportunistic_dataset_dorsal.csv
full_dataset_ventral.csv
systematic_dataset_ventral.csv
opportunistic_dataset_ventral.csv
protocol/
imaging_sessions_metadata.csv
sites_metadata_gps.csv
trips_metadata.csv
full/
both-00000-of-00046.parquet
dorsal-00000-of-00024.parquet
ventral-00000-of-00023.parquet
...
both-00045-of-00046.parquet
dorsal-00023-of-00024.parquet
ventral-00022-of-00023.parquet
systematic/
both-00000-of-00023.parquet
dorsal-00000-of-00012.parquet
ventral-00000-of-00012.parquet
...
both-00023-of-00024.parquet
dorsal-00011-of-00012.parquet
ventral-00011-of-00012.parquet
opportunistic/
both-00000-of-00024.parquet
dorsal-00000-of-00012.parquet
ventral-00000-of-00012.parquet
...
both-00023-of-00024.parquet
dorsal-00011-of-00012.parquet
ventral-00011-of-00012.parquet
images/
session_1_1_16_2025/
{img_name}.png
session_2_1_18_2025/
{img_name}.png
...
session_12_1_28_2025/
{img_name}.png
The folder docs
contains the .pdf files detailing our leaf imaging protocols.
The folder metadata
contains the .csv files liking each image to their labels, for each configuration (full
, opportunistic
, systematic
) and for each split (dorsal
, ventral
, both
). The subfolder protocol
, located inside the metadata
folder, contains the .csv files summarizing the metadata associated with each imaging session, each sampling site and each sampling trip.
The folders full
, opportunistic
and systematic
contains the parquet files that can be loaded when using the load_dataset
function from the HuggingFace datasets library. Each parquet file is approximately between 400 and 800 MB.
The image
folder contains the images of the leaves, splitted between 12 imaging sessions.
Data Instances
This dataset is a collection of Clidemia Hirta leaves images paired with associated damage classes, identified either by 1) a computer scientist or 2) a computer scientist and an expert. There are 821 leaves, each imaged on both their dorsal and ventral side (1642 images in total, 821 dorsal images, 821 ventral images). Of these 821 leaves, 423 of them were opportunistically sampled, and the remaining 398 were collected according to our systematic sampling protocol.
Data Fields
The files full_dataset.csv
, full_opportunistic_dataset.csv.csv
, full_systematic_dataset.csv
, full_dataset_dorsal.csv
, systematic_dataset_dorsal.csv
, opportunistic_dataset_dorsal.csv
, full_dataset_ventral.csv
, systematic_dataset_ventral.csv
and opportunistic_dataset_ventral.csv
all share the same following metadata with each image in the dataset :
session
: The session during which the leaf was imagedfilename
: The filename of the .PNG image associated with the leaf in the session foldersite
: The site ID where the leaf was collectedday
: The day of when the leaf was collected (a day of January 2025)plant
: The ID of the plant from which the leaf was collectedlevel
: The level of the plant from which the leaf was collectedindex
: The ID number associated with the leafview
: The side from which the leaf was taken (dorsal or ventral)healthy
:Yes
if the leaf is surely healthy,Maybe
if the leaf is potentially healthy,No
if the leaf is surely not healthyrust
:Yes
if the leaf has fungus damage,Maybe
if the leaf has potentially fungus damage,No
if the leaf doesn't show any sign of fungus damageleaf_miner
:Yes
if the leaf has been damaged by a leaf miner,Maybe
if the leaf was potentially damaged by a leaf miner,No
if the leaf wasn't damaged by a leaf minerother_insect
:Yes
if the leaf was damaged by an insect that isn't a leaf miner,Maybe
if the leaf was potentially damaged by an insect that is not a leaf miner,No
if the leaf was not damaged by an insect that is not a leaf minermechanical_damage
:Yes
if the leaf has mechanical damaged,Maybe
if there is potentially some signs of mechanical damage,No
if there is no sign of mechanical damage on the leafother_remarks
: Other remarks about the leaf written by the human who labelled itexpert_healthy
: If the leaf was classified or not as healthy by the expert. Can beYes
,Maybe
,No
orNone
(if the leaf was not labelled by the expert)expert_rust
: If the expert observed any sign of fungus damage on the leaf. Can beYes
,Maybe
,No
orNone
(if the leaf was not labelled by the expert)expert_other_insect
: If the expert observed any sign of other insect damage on the leaf. Can beYes
,Maybe
,No
orNone
(if the leaf was not labelled by the expert)expert_leaf_miner
: If the expert observed any sign of leaf miner damage on the leaf. Can beYes
,Maybe
,No
orNone
(if the leaf was not labelled by the expert)expert_confidence
: How confident the expert was in their labelsexpert_other_remarks
: Additional remarks from the expert on the damage they observed on the leafexpert_notes
: Additional remarks from the expert on the damage we can observe on the leafsampling_type
: Describes the sampling strategy that was used to collect the leaf. Can beopportunistic
orsystematic
The metadata/protocol/trips_metadata.csv
file contains information about each field data collection trip during which the leaves were collected :
Trip #
: The ID of the tripSite ID
: The sampling site ID we visited during that tripDate
: The date we did the field collection tripStart Time
: The time when we started the field collection tripEnd Time
: The time when we ended the field collection tripNotes
: Relevant notes about the sampling trip
The metadata/protocol/imaging_sessions_metadata.csv
file contains information about each leaf imaging session :
ID
: The ID of the imaging session (between 1 and 12)Location
: The location where we did the imaging sessionCamera
: The camera used to take pictures of the leavesPhotographer
: The individual who took the pictures of the leaves during that imaging sessionSession Start Time
: Start time of the imaging sessionSession End Time
: End time of the imaging sessionNotes
: Relevant notes about the imaging session
Dataset Creation
This dataset was compiled as part of the field component of the Experiential Introduction to AI and Ecology Course run by the Imageomics Institute and the AI and Biodiversity Change (ABC) Global Center. This field work was done on the island of Hawai'i January 15-30, 2025.
Curation Rationale
This dataset was created with the goal of developping a deep learning-based tool that would allow conservationists in Hawaii to automate their monitoring of the impact of biocontrols on invasive plants species distribution in Hawaii. We selected the specie Clidemia Hirta as our field collection target because its abundance, but our protocols can be deployed and our algorithms can be trained on any similar kind of datasets.
Source Data
The raw images were downloaded from an iPhone 13 and a Pixel 3, then transformed into a .PNG format. Please feel free to reach out to us if you are interested in getting the raw images.
Data Collection and Processing
Please see docs/Field Imaging & Extraction Protocol.pdf
and docs/Lab Imaging Protocol.pdf
for more information on our data collection, processing and imaging protocols.
Who are the source data producers?
Imaged in Hawaii by the data annotators (David Carlyn and Catherine Villeneuve)
Annotations
Annotation process
Classification annotations were done after imaging, and were done after carefully looking at the leaf. We recorded our labels into a shared Google Drive Sheet, that we later cleaned and transformed into a standardized .csv format.
Who are the annotators?
- Expert Annotator : Ellyn Bitume
- Student Annotators : David Carlyn, Catherine Villeneuve and Leonardo Viotti
Personal and Sensitive Information
Clidemia Hirta is an highly invasive plant of the island of Hawaii. If you are interesting in using the GPS locations of our field sites to reproduce our protocol/collect more leaves, please follow the appropriate car/clothes/shoe cleaning guidelines in order to prevent the further spread of Clidemia Hirta on the island.
Considerations for Using the Data
Please use the citation bellow if you end up using our dataset.
Bias, Risks, and Limitations
Our systematic sampling protocol is probably not 100% bias free. Please be careful if you use this data to infer any relationship with e.g. damage and environmental covariates, and please reach out to us if you would like more detailed informations about the limitations of our systematic sampling protocol.
Recommendations
We don't recommend using our systematic sampling protocol as is to infer relationship between Clidemia Hirta biocontrols and environmental covariates. Careful statistical processing is required.
Licensing Information
[More Information Needed]
Citation
Data:
@dataset{invasive_plants_hawaii_dataset,
author = {David Edward Carlyn and Catherine Villeneuve and Leonardo Viotti and Kazi Sajeed Mehrab
and Ellyn Bitume and Chuck Stewart and Leanna House},
title = {Hawaii Leaf Damage Dataset},
year = {2025},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/imageomics/invasive_plants_hawaii},
publisher = {Hugging Face}
}
Paper:
@article{invasive_plants_hawaii_paper,
author = {David Edward Carlyn and Catherine Villeneuve and Leonardo Viotti and Kazi Sajeed Mehrab
and Ellyn Bitume and Chuck Stewart and Leanna House},
title = {Hawaii Leaf Damage Paper},
year = {2025},
journal = {},
url={},
doi={}
}
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by both the Imageomics Institute and the AI and Biodiversity Change (ABC) Global Center. The Imageomics Institute is funded by the US National Science Foundation's Harnessing the Data Revolution (HDR) program under Award #2118240 (Imageomics: A New Frontier of Biological Information Powered by Knowledge-Guided Machine Learning). The ABC Global Center is funded by the US National Science Foundation under Award No. 2330423 and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under Award No. 585136. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Forest Service, more specifically the researchers associated with the Pacific Southwest Research Station (Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry), for their support and collaboration in this research. Data collection and protocols were notably done in close collaboration with Dr. Ellyn Bitume, a research entomologist for the U.S. Forest Service. We also acknowledge the support of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), a program sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and operated under cooperative agreement by Battelle. We especially thank the team associated with the Pu'u Maka'ala Natural Area Reserve, for helping us with logistics and equipments.
Dataset Card Authors
Catherine Villeneuve and David Carlyn
Dataset Card Contact
Catherine Villeneuve can be reached out through [email protected]
David Carlyn can be reached out through [email protected]
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