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README.md
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license: cc0-1.0
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---
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license: cc0-1.0
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language:
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- en
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pretty_name: kabr-tools methodology dataset
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task_categories:
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- time-series-forecasting
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- tabular-classification
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tags:
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- biology
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- behavioural-ecology
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- animals
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- zebras
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- giraffes
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- drone
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- csv
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- xml
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size_categories:
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- 1K<n<10K
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---
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# Dataset Card for *kabr-tools methodology dataset*
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A curated collection of CSV and XML files describing time-budget data, focal observations, scan samples, and object-detection annotations for African ungulates—including Grevy’s zebras, plains zebras, and giraffes—recorded both from the ground and from drones. The dataset supports:
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- **Object detection** benchmarks (PASCAL-VOC XML).
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- **Behaviour classification** and **time-budget** analyses from per-individual CSV logs.
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- **Methodological comparisons** between focal, scan, and drone-based sampling.
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## Dataset Details
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| Field | Value |
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|---|---|
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| **Curated by** | Jenna Kline et al., The Ohio State University & Imageomics Institute |
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| **Homepage** | <https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools> |
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| **Repository** | <https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools> |
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| **Paper** | In preparation (2025) |
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### Supported Tasks
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| Task | Files | Notes |
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|---|---|---|
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| Object detection | `*_annotations.xml` | PASCAL-VOC format derived from drone frames. |
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| Behaviour / time-series classification | `behavior/*.csv`, `*_timebudgets.csv` | Ethogram codes at 1 s resolution + per-bout time budgets. |
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| Methodology analysis | `methodology_comparison/*/*.csv` | Paired datasets for focal vs drone and scan vs focal. |
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---
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## Dataset Structure (files with purposes)
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```
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├── kabr-methodology
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│ ├── focalvsdrone
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│ │ ├── focal_drone_df_12_01_23_female_grevy.csv
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│ │ ├── focal_drone_df_16_01_23_thick_neck_stripes.csv
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│ │ ├── focal_drone_df_16_01_23_white_female.csv
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│ │ ├── focal_drone_df_17_01_23_scar_cleaned.csv
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│ | └── readme.txt
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│ |
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│ └── scanvsfocal
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│ ├── giraffe_focal1-female.csv
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│ ├── giraffe_focal1-male.csv
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│ ├── giraffe_focal2-white_neck_male.csv
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│ ├── Scan_giraffe_group_1.csv
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│ ├── Scan_giraffe_group_2.csv
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│ ├── Focal grevys group 1 morning 01_11.csv
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│ ├── Focal grevys group 2_a 01_11.csv
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│ ├── Focal grevys group 2_b 01_11.csv
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│ ├── Focal grevys group 2_c 01_11.csv
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│ ├── Scan grevys group 1 morning 01_11.csv
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│ ├── Scan grevys group 2_a 01_11.csv
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│ ├── Scan grevys group 2_b 01_11.csv
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│ ├── Scan grevys group 2_c 01_11.csv
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│ ├── plain_Focal-group_1.csv
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│ ├── plain_Focal-group_2.csv
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│ ├── plain_Scan-group_1.csv
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│ └── plain_Scan-group_2.csv
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```
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## File-by-file purposes
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`kabr-methodology/focalvsdrone`
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### Description:
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Paired focal observation and synchronized drone log for 4 individual zebras. Each CSV contains time-aligned behaviour states from ground focal sampling and drone footage, enabling direct comparison of behavioural data collected via the two methods.
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### Columns:
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|Column | Description|
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|---|---|
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|frame | Sequential frame number in the processed dataset|
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|behavior |Behavior label from drone video annotation in CVAT |
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|video_frame | Original frame number from the source video file |
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| time-date| Timestamp (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) |
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| focal_behavior | Behavior recorded from focal animal observation|
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### Files:
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- focal_drone_df_12_01_23_female_grevy.csv — Paired focal observation and synchronized drone log for a female Grevy's zebra on 12-01-2023.
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- focal_drone_df_16_01_23_thick_neck_stripes.csv — Paired focal vs drone for ID "thick_neck_stripes" on 16-01-2023.
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- focal_drone_df_16_01_23_white_female.csv — Paired focal vs drone for "white_female" on 16-01-2023.
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- focal_drone_df_17_01_23_scar_cleaned.csv — Cleaned paired focal vs drone trace for "scar" on 17-01-2023.
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`kabr-methodology/scanvsfocal`
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### Description:
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Paired scan sample and focal observation logs for groups of giraffes, Grevy’s zebras, and plains zebras. Each CSV contains time-aligned behaviour states from group-level scan sampling and individual focal sessions, enabling direct comparison of behavioural data collected via the two methods, exported from the AnimalBehaviourPro app.
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### Columns:
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|Column | Description|
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|---|---|
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|Date_ymd |Date of observation (YYYY-MM-DD format)|
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|Time_Absolute_hms |Absolute time of day when behavior was recorded (HH:MM:SS)|
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|Time_Relative_hms |Time relative to start of observation session (HH:MM:SS)|
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|Time_Relative_s |Time relative to start of observation session in seconds|
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|Time_Lag_s |Time lag between current and previous event in seconds|
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|Duration_s |Duration of the behavioral state in seconds|
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|Observation_Name |Type of observation method ("AdLib" for ad libitum sampling)|
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|Log_File_Name |Source log file name|
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|Actor |Individual animal being observed (e.g., "Male w/ scar on neck")|
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|Behavior |Observed behavior (e.g., "Stand", "Walk")|
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|Receiver |Target of social behaviors (empty for non-social behaviors)|
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|Modifier_1 through Modifier_6 |Additional behavioral modifiers (mostly empty)|
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|Other_Modifiers |Additional modifiers not captured in numbered fields|
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|Event_Type |Whether this marks the start or stop of a behavioral state|
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|Observer_ID |Unique identifier for the observer (1234)|
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|Notes |Additional notes about the observation (empty in this dataset)|
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|Coding_Scheme |Behavioral coding scheme used ("Zebra")|
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### Files:
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- giraffe_focal1-female.csv — Giraffe focal log (behaviour states over time).
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- giraffe_focal1-male.csv — Giraffe focal log (behaviour states over time).
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- giraffe_focal2-white_neck_male.csv — Giraffe focal log (behaviour states over time).
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- Scan_giraffe_group_1.csv — Group-level scan sample for giraffes (group 1).
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- Scan_giraffe_group_2.csv — Group-level scan sample for giraffes (group 2).
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- Focal grevys group 1 morning 01_11.csv — Group 1 focal session (AM), 01-11.
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- Focal grevys group 2_a 01_11.csv — Group 2 focal session (sub-bout a), 01-11.
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- Focal grevys group 2_b 01_11.csv — Group 2 focal session (sub-bout b), 01-11.
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- Focal grevys group 2_c 01_11.csv — Group 2 focal session (sub-bout c), 01-11.
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- Scan grevys group 1 morning 01_11.csv — Group 1 scan sample (AM), 01-11.
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- Scan grevys group 2_a 01_11.csv — Group 2 scan sample (sub-bout a), 01-11.
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- Scan grevys group 2_b 01_11.csv — Group 2 scan sample (sub-bout b), 01-11.
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- Scan grevys group 2_c 01_11.csv — Group 2 scan sample (sub-bout c), 01-11.
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- plain_Focal-group_1.csv — Plains zebra focal log (group 1).
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- plain_Focal-group_2.csv — Plains zebra focal log (group 2).
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- plain_Scan-group_1.csv — Plains zebra group scan (group 1).
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- plain_Scan-group_2.csv — Plains zebra group scan (group 2).
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## Data Splits
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The dataset ships as a single corpus. Create custom splits by video ID, individual ID, or survey date to control cross-view generalization (e.g., ground vs drone).
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## Dataset Creation
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### Curation Rationale
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(i) Quantify strengths/weaknesses of ground- vs drone-based behavioural sampling; (ii) provide detection and coarse behaviour benchmarks in the wild.
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### Collection & Processing
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Ground focal/scan samples by trained observers; DJI drone footage (~20 m AGL); CVAT for bounding boxes; custom scripts for ethogram coding; standardized CSV/XML exports. Field scan and focal sampling collected with AnimalBehaviourPro App.
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### Source Data Producers
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Field teams at Mpala Research Centre, Laikipia (Kenya).
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## Bias • Risks • Limitations
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- Class imbalance (Grevy’s zebras dominate) may bias detectors/behaviour models.
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- Daytime-only footage limits generalization to low-light/night conditions.
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- Coarse behaviour labels omit fine motor actions.
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- Recommendations: Use stratified sampling or class weighting; evaluate with cross-view splits (ground vs drone).
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## Licensing
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Compilation released under CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication). Individual media may retain original licenses noted in metadata.
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{kline2025kabr-tools-methodology,
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author = {Jenna Kline and Maksim Kholiavchenko and Michelle Ramirez and Sam Stevens and
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Reshma Ramesh Babu and Namrata Banerji and Elizabeth Campolongo and Nina Van Tiel and Jackson Miliko and Isla Duporge and Neil Rosser and Tanya Berger-Wolf and Daniel Rubenstein},
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title = {kabr-tools methodology comparison dataset},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools},
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publisher = {Imageomics Institute}
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}
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```
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## Acknowledgements
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Supported by the Imageomics Institute (NSF HDR Award #2118240). We thank the field experts at Mpala Research Centre for their support with data collection and logistics.
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## Contact
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Questions or benchmark submissions? Open an issue on the GitHub repo: https://github.com/Imageomics/kabr-tools
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## Dataset Card Authors
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[Jenna Kline]
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## Dataset Card Contact
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[kline dot 377 at osu dot edu]
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