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[ "Turkie", "Türkiye Respublikası", "tuerkiye cumhuriyeti", "tuerkiye", "turkish republic", "turkiye cumhuriyeti", "republic of turkiye", "TURKEY", "Republic of Turkiye", "Türkiye Respublikasi", "Turkiye Cumhuriyeti", "Türkiye Cumhuriyeti", "turkey state", "etymology of turkey", "turkia", "Turkish Republic", "TurkeY", "Republic of Turkey", "Etymology of Turkey", "turkey country", "Turky", "turquie", "turquia", "Terky", "Turkia", "Turkey (country)", "Turquie", "Türkei", "Tuerkiye Cumhuriyeti", "Turkey", "turkei", "türkiye respublikası", "türkei", "terky", "Turkey (state)", "Türkiye", "türkiye", "Tuerkiye", "Turkey (Country)", "turkey", "ISO 3166-1:TR", "türkiye cumhuriyeti", "tuerkei", "turky", "Turkey (nation)", "turkiye", "Turkei", "The Republic of Turkey", "türkiye respublikasi", "Turquia", "Tuerkei", "Republic of turkey", "Turkish republic", "turkey nation", "iso 3166 1 tr", "republic of turkey", "turkie", "Turkiye" ]

[ { "id": "5576507", "score": "1.7168983", "text": "Carpenter suggests that the real \"Troy\" is located in neither the Troad nor Aeolis but rather that the memory of a pan-Achaean expedition elsewhere was located at two different points in Asia Minor by later poetic traditions: at Ilion by the Ionic poets, because they found in this area a local folk tradition about a strong citadel sacked near the end of the Bronze Age (Hisarlik); and at Teuthrania by the Aeolic poets, to correspond with Aeolic traditions connected with their own occupation of this area. If one is willing to accept Carpenter's line of argument this far, one can", "title": "Hisarlik" }, { "id": "241043", "score": "1.6948891", "text": "forgotten until it was rediscovered through a detailed examination of period letters and documents. Troy was a city located in northwest Anatolia in what is now Turkey. It is best known for being the focus of the Trojan War described in the Greek Epic Cycle and especially in the \"Iliad\", one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer. Repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt, the city slowly declined and was abandoned in the Byzantine era. Buried by time, the city was consigned to the realm of legend until the location was first excavated in the 1860s. Other settlements are lost with", "title": "Lost city" }, { "id": "406489", "score": "1.6869371", "text": "of Memnon. Sturluson referred to these figures as having made a journey across Europe towards Scandinavia, setting up kingdoms as they went. Bibliography – Works cited Troy Troy (, \"Troia\" or Τροίας, \"Troias\" and , \"Ilion\" or , \"Ilios\"; and ; Hittite: \"Wilusha\" or \"Truwisha\"; ) was a city in the far northwest of the region known in late Classical antiquity as Asia Minor, now known as Anatolia in modern Turkey, just south of the southwest mouth of the Dardanelles strait and northwest of Mount Ida. The present-day location is known as Hisarlik. It was the setting of the Trojan", "title": "Troy" }, { "id": "406450", "score": "1.6558907", "text": "centuries, including Pierre Belon and Pietro Della Valle, had identified Troy with Alexandria Troas, a ruined town approximately 20 km south of the currently accepted location. In the late 18th century, Jean Baptiste LeChevalier had identified a location near the village of as the site of Troy, a mound approximately 5 km south of the currently accepted location. LeChavalier's location, published in his \"Voyage de la Troade\", was the most commonly accepted theory for almost a century. In 1822, the Scottish journalist Charles Maclaren was the first to identify with confidence the position of the city as it is now", "title": "Troy" }, { "id": "406441", "score": "1.6511621", "text": "Troy Troy (, \"Troia\" or Τροίας, \"Troias\" and , \"Ilion\" or , \"Ilios\"; and ; Hittite: \"Wilusha\" or \"Truwisha\"; ) was a city in the far northwest of the region known in late Classical antiquity as Asia Minor, now known as Anatolia in modern Turkey, just south of the southwest mouth of the Dardanelles strait and northwest of Mount Ida. The present-day location is known as Hisarlik. It was the setting of the Trojan War described in the Greek Epic Cycle, in particular in the \"Iliad\", one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer. Metrical evidence from the \"Iliad\"", "title": "Troy" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Troy\n\nTroy ( and Latin: Troia, Hittite: 𒋫𒊒𒄿𒊭 \"Truwiša\") or Ilion ( and Latin: Ilium, Hittite: 𒃾𒇻𒊭 \"Wiluša\") was an ancient city located at Hisarlik in present-day Turkey, south-west of Çanakkale and about miles east of the Aegean Sea. It is known as the setting for the Greek myth of the Trojan War.\n\nIn Ancient Greek literature, Troy is portrayed as a powerful kingdom of the Heroic Age, a mythic era when monsters roamed the earth and gods interacted directly with humans. The city was said to have ruled the Troad until the Trojan War led to its complete destruction at the hands of the Greeks. The story of its destruction was one of the cornerstones of Greek mythology and literature, featuring prominently in the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\", and referenced in numerous other poems and plays. Its legacy played a large role in Greek society, with many prominent families claiming descent from those who had fought there. In the Archaic era, a new city was built at the site where legendary Troy was believed to have stood. In the Classical era, this city became a tourist destination, where visitors would leave offerings to the legendary heroes.\n\nUntil the late 19th century, scholars regarded the Trojan War as entirely legendary. However, starting in 1871, Heinrich Schliemann and Frank Calvert excavated the site of the classical era city, under whose ruins they found the remains of numerous earlier settlements. Several of these layers resemble literary depictions of Troy, leading some scholars to conclude that there is a kernel of truth to the legends. Subsequent excavations by others have added to the modern understanding of the site, though the exact relationship between myth and reality remains unclear.\n\nThe archaeological site of Troy consists of nine major layers, the earliest dating from the Early Bronze Age, the latest from the Byzantine era. Each of these layers has sublayers for a total of 46 strata. The mythic city is typically identified with one of the Late Bronze Age layers, such as Troy VI, Troy VIIa, or Troy VIIb. The archaeological site is open to the public as a tourist destination, and was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1998.", "title": "Troy" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Troy, New York\n\nTroy is a city in the U.S. state of New York and the county seat of Rensselaer County. The city is located on the western edge of Rensselaer County and on the eastern bank of the Hudson River. Troy has close ties to the nearby cities of Albany and Schenectady, forming a region popularly called the Capital District. The city is one of the three major centers for the Albany metropolitan statistical area, which has a population of 1,170,483. At the 2020 census, the population of Troy was 51,401.<ref name=\"QF2020\"/> Troy's motto is \"Ilium fuit, Troja est\", which means \"Ilium was, Troy is\".\n\nToday, Troy is home to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the oldest private engineering and technical university in the US, founded in 1824. It is also home to Emma Willard School, an all-girls high school started by Emma Willard, a women's education activist, who sought to create a school for girls equal to their male counterparts. Due to the confluence of major waterways and a geography that supported water power, the American industrial revolution took hold in this area, making Troy reputedly the fourth-wealthiest city in America around the turn of the 20th century. Troy, therefore, is noted for a wealth of Victorian architecture downtown and elaborate private homes in various neighborhoods. Several churches have a concentrated collection of stained-glass windows by Louis Comfort Tiffany. Troy is also home to the world-renowned Troy Music Hall, which dates from the 1870s and is said to have superb acoustics in a combination of restored and well-preserved performance space.\n\nThe area had long been occupied by the Mahican Indian tribe, but Dutch settlement began in the mid-17th century. The patroon, Kiliaen van Rensselaer, called the region Pafraets Dael, after his mother. The Dutch colony was conquered by the English in 1664, and in 1707, Derick van der Heyden purchased a farm near today's downtown area. In 1771, Abraham J. Lansing had his farm in today's Lansingburgh laid out into lots. Sixteen years later, Van der Heyden's grandson Jacob had his extensive holdings surveyed and laid out into lots, naming the new village Vanderheyden.\n\nIn 1789, Troy adopted its present name following a vote of the people. Troy was incorporated as a town two years later, and extended east across the county to the Vermont line, including Petersburgh. In 1796, Troy became a village and in 1816, it became a city. Lansingburgh, to the north, became part of Troy in 1900.", "title": "Troy, New York" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pergamon\n\nPergamon or Pergamum ( or ; ), also referred to by its modern Greek form Pergamos (), was a rich and powerful ancient Greek city in Mysia. It is located from the modern coastline of the Aegean Sea on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus (modern-day Bakırçay) and northwest of the modern city of Bergama, Turkey.\n\nDuring the Hellenistic period, it became the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon in 281–133 BC under the Attalid dynasty, who transformed it into one of the major cultural centres of the Greek world. Many remains of its monuments can still be seen and especially the masterpiece of the Pergamon Altar. Pergamon was the northernmost of the seven churches of Asia cited in the New Testament Book of Revelation.\n\nThe city is centered on a mesa of andesite, which formed its acropolis. This mesa falls away sharply on the north, west, and east sides, but three natural terraces on the south side provide a route up to the top. To the west of the acropolis, the Selinus River (modern Bergamaçay) flows through the city, while the Ketios river (modern Kestelçay) passes by to the east.\n\nPergamon was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014.", "title": "Pergamon" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Babylon" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Hisarlik\n\nHisarlik (Turkish: \"Hisarlık\", \"Place of Fortresses\"), often spelled Hissarlik, is the Turkish name for an ancient city located in what is known historically as Anatolia. It is part of Çanakkale, Turkey. The archaeological site lies approximately from the Aegean Sea and about the same distance from the Dardanelles. The site is a partial tell, or artificial hill, elevated in layers over an original site. In this case the original site was already elevated, being the west end of a ridge projecting in an east–west direction from a mountain range.\n\nAfter many decades of scientific and literary study by specialists, the site is generally accepted by most as the location of ancient Troy, the city mentioned in ancient documents of many countries in several ancient languages, especially ancient Greek, where it appears as Ilion in the earliest literary work of Europe, the Iliad. The site is still being excavated under the name of Troja. It also has been promoted as a major tourist attraction visited by many thousands of persons per year. A Turkish village, Tevfikiye, has been created on the east end of Troy Ridge, as it is now universally termed, to service the site and its visitors and students.", "title": "Hisarlik" }, { "id": "8460748", "score": "1.6292127", "text": "Where Troy Once Stood Where Troy Once Stood is a 1990 book by Iman Wilkens that argues that the city of Troy was located in England and that the Trojan War was fought between groups of Celts. The standard view is that Troy is located near the Dardanelles in Turkey. Wilkens claims that Homer's \"Iliad\" and \"Odyssey\", though products of ancient Greek culture, are originally orally transmitted epic poems from Western Europe. Wilkens disagrees with conventional ideas about the historicity of the \"Iliad\" and the location and participants of the Trojan War. His work has had little impact among professional", "title": "Where Troy Once Stood" }, { "id": "9337122", "score": "1.6211829", "text": "book was published in Paris by Maisonneuve. Cailleux wrote that Troy was situated in East Anglia where he had discovered two huge war-dykes between Cambridge and the Wash. Here, he identified the river Cam with the \"Iliad's\" Scamander and the river Great Ouse with Homer's Simoïs. He was convinced that Homeric Troy was once situated on the heights outside Cambridge known as the Gog Magog Hills. Ithaca, he believed, should be sought in south-west Spain, in the delta of the Guadalete, somewhere between Jerez and Cadiz. He found the spring Arethusa: the present Fuente Amarga near Chiclana de la Frontera,", "title": "Théophile Cailleux" }, { "id": "5576500", "score": "1.6085578", "text": "location of Troy was apparently well known in the ancient world and was visited by Alexander the Great. In more modern times, a site associated with Ilium (and more readily identifiable as Hisarlik) was being shown to curious visitors as early as the 15th century, when Pedro Tafur was guided from the Genoese port of Fojavecchia (Phocaea): I travelled by land for two days to that place which they say was Troy, but found no one who could give me any information concerning it, and we came to Ilium, as they call it. This place is situated on the sea", "title": "Hisarlik" }, { "id": "5576513", "score": "1.5937748", "text": "lies on both sides of the Dardanelles and touches both Europe (Gelibolu Peninsula) and Asia (Biga Peninsula) and just as it was in the time of Homer, maritime traffic connects both sides of the straits. Notes Hisarlik Hisarlik (Turkish: \"Hisarlık\", \"Place of Fortresses\"), often spelled Hissarlik, is the modern name for the generally agreed-upon site of ancient Troy, also known as Ilion, and is located in what is now Turkey (historically Anatolia) near to the modern city of Çanakkale. The unoccupied archaeological site lies approximately 6.5 km from the Aegean Sea and about the same distance from the Dardanelles. The", "title": "Hisarlik" }, { "id": "5576508", "score": "1.59291", "text": "place \"Troy\" virtually anywhere in the eastern Mediterranean where bands of Mycenaean Greeks may have undertaken joint piratic raids. Carpenter goes so far as to place \"Troy\" in Egypt and to connect the story of the Trojan War with the raids of the Sea Peoples mentioned in Egyptian sources at the end of the 13th and beginning of the 12th centuries B.C. The tangled and fragile skein of inference in the historical record gives no certainty as to the origin of the inhabitants but the fact remains that for over two millennia a thriving civilisation existed at Hisarlik. Homer's interest", "title": "Hisarlik" }, { "id": "5576499", "score": "1.5848094", "text": "Hisarlik Hisarlik (Turkish: \"Hisarlık\", \"Place of Fortresses\"), often spelled Hissarlik, is the modern name for the generally agreed-upon site of ancient Troy, also known as Ilion, and is located in what is now Turkey (historically Anatolia) near to the modern city of Çanakkale. The unoccupied archaeological site lies approximately 6.5 km from the Aegean Sea and about the same distance from the Dardanelles. The archaeological site of Hisarlik is known in archaeological circles as a tell. A tell is an artificial hill, built up over centuries and millennia of occupation from its original site on a bedrock knob. The assumed", "title": "Hisarlik" }, { "id": "406456", "score": "1.5804098", "text": "has been the subject of a sometimes acerbic debate between Korfmann and the Tübingen historian Frank Kolb in 2001–2002. In August 1993, following a magnetic imaging survey of the fields below the fort, a deep ditch was located and excavated among the ruins of a later Greek and Roman city. Remains found in the ditch were dated to the late Bronze Age, the alleged time of Homeric Troy. It is claimed by Korfmann that the ditch may have once marked the outer defences of a much larger city than had previously been suspected. The latter city has been dated by", "title": "Troy" }, { "id": "406359", "score": "1.5781069", "text": "temples, thus earning the gods' wrath. Few of the Achaeans returned safely to their homes and many founded colonies in distant shores. The Romans later traced their origin to Aeneas, Aphrodite's son and one of the Trojans, who was said to have led the surviving Trojans to modern-day Italy. The ancient Greeks believed that Troy was located near the Dardanelles and that the Trojan War was a historical event of the 13th or 12th century BC, but by the mid-19th century AD, both the war and the city were widely seen as non-historical. In 1868, however, the German archaeologist Heinrich", "title": "Trojan War" }, { "id": "5576502", "score": "1.5733604", "text": "Roman remains close to the modern shoreline. An alternative site, Hisarlik tell, a thirty-meter-high mound, was identified as a possible site of ancient Troy by a number of amateur archaeologists in the early to mid 19th century. The most dedicated of these was Frank Calvert, whose early work was overshadowed by the German amateur archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in the 1870s. Located at the edge of a cape projecting into the Aegean between the Dardanelles and the Gulf of Edremit, which was known in antiquity as the Troad, Hisarlik was one of many successful pockets of human civilization which arose and", "title": "Hisarlik" }, { "id": "406457", "score": "1.5728741", "text": "his team to about 1250 BC, and it has been also suggested — based on recent archeological evidence uncovered by Professor Manfred Korfmann's team — that this was indeed the Homeric city of Troy. The archaeological site of Troy was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1998. In summer 2006, the excavations continued under the direction of Korfmann's colleague Ernst Pernicka, with a new digging permit. In 2013, an international team made up of cross-disciplinary experts led by William Aylward, an archaeologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, was to carry out new excavations. This activity was to be", "title": "Troy" }, { "id": "406444", "score": "1.5721915", "text": "hill at Hisarlik has given its name to a small village near the ruins, which supports the tourist trade visiting the Troia archaeological site. It lies within the province of Çanakkale, some 30 km south-west of the provincial capital, also called Çanakkale. The nearest village is Tevfikiye. The map here shows the adapted Scamander estuary with Ilium a little way inland across the Homeric plain. Due to Troy's location near the Aegean Sea, the Sea of Marmara, and the Black Sea, it was a central hub for the military and trade. Troy was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list", "title": "Troy" }, { "id": "16841654", "score": "1.5522685", "text": "been identified in the Mediterranean. Thebes, in Boeotia, would correspond with the Swedish town of Täby, not far from Stockholm. There is also a town nearby called Tyresö, whose name could concern the blind prophet Tiresias, who was active in Thebes. Troy would correspond with Toija, in Southern Finland, near Turku. According to Vinci, the ancient Troy used to rise on the top of a hill, surrounded by two rivers (Simoeis and Scamander which join in the plain below, today flooded, a few kilometers from the sea. This hypothesis would be confirmed by the finding of Bronze Age ruins in", "title": "The Baltic Origins of Homer's Epic Tales" }, { "id": "16304355", "score": "1.547353", "text": "by regional Neo-Hittite powers, including Troad, Ionia, Lydia, Caria and Lycia in the west, Phrygia, centrally and Cimmeria and Urartu in the north east, while the Assyrians occupied much of the south east. The Troad, on the Biga peninsula, was the northernmost of the Aegean settlements in this period, best known for the legendary and historical city state of Troy. There were probably settlements in this region dating back to 3000 BC and the various archeological layers representing successive civilisations are referred to as Troy I (3000–2600 BC) to Troy IX (1st century BC). Iron Age Troy corresponds to Troy", "title": "Prehistory of Anatolia" }, { "id": "8460752", "score": "1.5443208", "text": "example: he locates Scylla and Charybdis at present day St Michael's Mount. To support his hypothesis Wilkens uses archaeological evidence, for instance the Isleham Hoard in the battlefield, and etymological evidence, for instance the location of Ismaros in Brittany at Ys or the location of Homer's Sidon at Medina Sidonia in Spain. He also argues that Homer described locations around the Atlantic, with distinctive topographical features. He also believes that there are similarities in English river names and river names in near Troy in the \"Iliad\" and added a \"reconstruction\" of the Trojan battlefield in Cambridgeshire to his 2005 revised", "title": "Where Troy Once Stood" }, { "id": "1108751", "score": "1.5431137", "text": "primarily as a strategy for preventing border cities from taking more land. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. The latitude of Troy is 42.605 N, and the longitude is 83.15 W. The mean elevation is . The Troy Historic Village is a fully interactive historical museum chronicling the different stages of Troy's progression from its first settlers to the city it has become today. Located at the corners of Livernois Road and Wattles Road, the village is located behind the old city hall building.", "title": "Troy, Michigan" } ]

[ "mace", "Mace", "mace disambiguation", "MACE", "maces", "Mace (disambiguation)", "Maces" ]

[ { "id": "11683308", "score": "1.6164215", "text": "\"Schpeltiger\", which he uses for transport. Travis' beam katana, Blood Berry, is Travis' primary method of attack. It is often compared to the lightsaber from the \"Star Wars\" franchise. While \"No More Heroes\" features multiple \"Star Wars\" parodies, IGN editor Scott Lowe comments that the two have subtle differences. Both can cut through any material, but the mechanism of the Beam Katana involves a beam loop rather than simply a handle, and can also be charged or shoot energy projectiles. Other beam katanas, while lacking the beam loop, have unique blade designs. Travis can purchase three additional beam katanas in", "title": "Travis Touchdown" }, { "id": "2165825", "score": "1.5762041", "text": "hilt and one of five blade colors. Later in the game, the player can choose to wield a single saber, one saber in each hand, or a \"saber staff\" similar to the double ended lightsaber Darth Maul used in \"\" which also adds a kicking ability unavailable with any other lightsaber. The different sabers each have unique styles and special moves. When using a single saber, the player can choose between three stances which affect the speed and power of attacks; if using dual sabers, the player can switch off the second saber and use the \"Fast\"-style single-saber stance, or", "title": "Star Wars Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy" }, { "id": "12770074", "score": "1.5365707", "text": "nephew Lowbacca when he later begins training as a Jedi, to facilitate communications with his fellow students. In the \"Star Wars\" films, Chewbacca carries a bowcaster, the traditional weapon developed and used by Wookiees. Bowcasters launch quarrels, which are crossbow bolts that through magnetic propulsion appear as elongated blaster bolts due to their velocity. The propulsion technique gives the quarrels extremely high stopping power. Chewbacca in particular is shown to be an excellent shot, killing a Stormtrooper who was attempting to escape on a speeder bike in \"Return of the Jedi\". The spring that powers the bowcaster is extremely hard", "title": "Wookiee" }, { "id": "972011", "score": "1.5321741", "text": "wielded by Darth Maul. The video game \"\" introduced two other variants: a lightsaber pike (a lightsaber with a shorter blade but a long handle, resembling a spear) and a Tonfa-style lightsaber with right-angle hilt. The \"Star Wars\" expanded universe adds several lightsaber types, including short and dual-phase (adjustable length) weapons. In \"Star Wars Rebels\", Ezra Bridger's original lightsaber is a hybrid that features a fully functional blaster pistol built into the handle. Kylo Ren, from \"\", uses a lightsaber that features two crosshilt blades, giving it the appearance of a greatsword. Some parts of the expanded universe contain depictions", "title": "Lightsaber" }, { "id": "15346928", "score": "1.5305139", "text": "a choice of weapons to use throughout the game. These include projectile weapons such as a blaster or thermal detonator, and the lightsaber. The player also has access to Force powers. Some are capable of causing damage to enemies while others can be used for non-violent activities. \"Mysteries of the Sith\" includes fifteen multiplayer maps, four of which only allow players to battle with lightsabers. The player can choose an avatar and the lightsaber color, and compete with up to seven other players over the internet or a local area network. The game includes a ranking system that tracks the", "title": "Star Wars Jedi Knight: Mysteries of the Sith" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:WikiProject Core Content/Articles" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Featured log/February 2009 ..." }, { "id": "9333010", "score": "1.5297701", "text": "thereof. As a full-contact sport; moves are not planned or signaled and fighters strike each other with considerable force and speed. Weapons are primarily made of rattan to resemble swords, pikes, spears, axes and other medieval weapon types. Maces and axes have heads made of rubber or stiff foam, and pole weapons (resembling medieval pole-axes, glaives, halberds or bills, etc.) may or may not be required to be similarly padded, depending upon the regulations in a given SCA kingdom. For the purposes of calling blows, all heavy-weapons combatants are considered to be armored in a chain mail hauberk, with an", "title": "Society for Creative Anachronism activities" }, { "id": "15144551", "score": "1.5242846", "text": "were it not for the Forever Knights' immortal Founder George. When George left them, the Forever Knights began to splinter under various self-titled Forever Kings who transformed their knights' duty into a genocidal policy toward anything alien. The Forever Knights also arm themselves with a large variety of medieval weapons enhanced by alien technology, with Lightsaber-like swords, lances, \"laser lances\", laser guns and electroshock rods being their most common weapons. Each series has featured some kind of main transportation. The wheeled motor vehicles, appearing like normal cars, are equipped with several pieces of Plumber technology such as a turbo engine,", "title": "Ben 10" }, { "id": "11092701", "score": "1.5151649", "text": "far as the Force is concerned rather than obeying the light or dark side. Lastly, a new type of lightsaber is introduced: the short lightsaber. This weapon is different from the longer lightsaber as it is easier to wield, making it more suitable for the off (defensive) hand and inflicting less damage. In MMO \"The Old Republic\" there are eight player classes, each four assigned to one of two faction: Galactic Republic or Sith Empire. While the Jedi Knight, Jedi Consular, Sith Warrior and Sith Inquisitor are Force-sensitive characters and use lightsabers, the Smuggler, Trooper, Agent and Bounty Hunter are", "title": "Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic (series)" }, { "id": "13277470", "score": "1.5126888", "text": "English pirate from the 17th and 18th centuries, from whom the episode derives its name. Much of the décor and music in the episode is influenced by the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" theme park ride and associated film franchise. Kevin wields a toy lightsaber, the Jedi weapon from the \"Star Wars\" films; this is also a reference to the sixth season episode \"The Return of the Fellowship of the Ring to the Two Towers\", in which he dresses as an Imperial stormtrooper while the rest of the boys are in \"Lord of the Rings\" attire. In its original American broadcast,", "title": "Fatbeard" }, { "id": "508330", "score": "1.5111369", "text": "heavily armoured knights facing each other using maces, axes, and swords. The enchanted talking mace Sharur made its first appearance in Sumerian/Akkadian mythology during the epic of Ninurta. The Indian epics \"Ramayana\" and \"Mahabharata\" describe the extensive use of the Gada (mace) in ancient Indian warfare as gada-yuddha or 'mace combat'. The ancient Romans did not make wide use of maces, probably because of the influence of armour, and due to the nature of the Roman infantry's fighting style which involved the \"pilum\" (spear) and the \"gladius\" (short sword used in a stabbing fashion). The use of a heavy swinging-arc", "title": "Mace (bludgeon)" }, { "id": "219993", "score": "1.5058992", "text": "of the Sentinel. In addition to their specialization, in times of war the High Council could demand that the members of the Order assume military ranks in order to defend the Republic. Within the \"Star Wars\" universe, the Jedi are usually portrayed wearing simple robes and carrying specialized field gear for their missions. Their philosophical lifestyles mirror those of real-world religious vows and evangelical counsels, as their personal possessions are provided exclusively by the Jedi Order, and are only meant to allow self-sufficiency. The most notable instrument wielded by a Jedi is the Lightsaber. Both Jedi and Sith use lightsabers,", "title": "Jedi" }, { "id": "7330815", "score": "1.4979185", "text": "were assigned Jedi Padawans at the request of the Jedi Council. But shortly before completing the training of their apprentices, the Masters were troubled by dark visions of a returning Sith Lord, clad in a red space suit, wreaking havoc all over the galaxy and destroying the Jedi order. Assuming that their visions indicated that one of their Padawans (who used red spacesuits during their last test) was to become the new Sith Lord, the Masters decided to take desperate measures: murdering their learners during their knighting ceremony. Unfortunately for them, Zayne Carrick managed to escape, setting in motion a", "title": "Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic (comics)" }, { "id": "2185167", "score": "1.495501", "text": "and put away for easy storage. For instance the sword carried by Hikaru Sulu in the \"Star Trek\" movie of 2009 had its blade unfold from its own form into the fully extended position from the state of a simple handle. Another example of this are the weapons of the Mass Effect universe. The weaponry in the games would fold up into smaller and more compact shapes when holstered or deactivated. Lightsabers from \"Star Wars\" are no larger than a flashlight until they are turned on. Some new forms of real world weaponry resemble weapons previously envisaged in science fiction.", "title": "Weapons in science fiction" }, { "id": "630919", "score": "1.4924839", "text": "presence in popular culture. The iconic weapon of choice of the Jedi, the lightsaber, was voted as the most popular weapon in film history in a survey of approximately 2,000 film fans. Characters such as Darth Vader, Han Solo, and Yoda have become iconic, and all three were named in the top twenty of the British Film Institute's \"Best Sci-Fi Characters of All-Time\" list. The expressions \"Evil empire\" and \"May the Force be with you\" have become part of the popular lexicon. A pun on the latter phrase has led to May 4 being regarded by many fans of the", "title": "Star Wars (film)" }, { "id": "3784012", "score": "1.4897903", "text": "by the Jedi in the \"Star Wars\" franchise. Many fantasy creatures are inspired by European folklore and the romances of medieval Europe. Dragons and unicorns are among the most popular creatures. Other monsters, such as griffins, giants, and goblins also appear. Races of intelligent beings such as elves, dwarves, and gnomes often draw their history from medieval or pre-Christian roots. Characteristics of the hero and heroine also frequently draw on these sources as well. This trope is also very important in the setting of many of these fantasies. Writers from the beginnings of the fantasy genre, such as William Morris", "title": "Fantasy tropes" }, { "id": "4426789", "score": "1.4887345", "text": "Byzantines where they installed it on their ships. It played a crucial role in the Byzantine Empire's victory over the Umayyad Caliphate during the Siege of Constantinople (717–718) Grenade (8th century) Rudimentary incendiary grenades appeared in the Byzantine Empire, as the Byzantine soldiers learned that Greek fire, a Byzantine invention of the previous century, could not only be thrown by flamethrowers at the enemy, but also in stone and ceramic jars. Longbow with massed, disciplined archery (13th century) Having a high rate of fire and penetration power, the longbow contributed to the eventual demise of the medieval knight class. Used", "title": "Medieval technology" }, { "id": "5846087", "score": "1.4883312", "text": "swordsman, particularly in the use of the scimitar. He possesses three magical weapons: a magic carpet, a golden scimitar emitting beams of magical force, and a mind-controlled belt/sash. Indeed, \"all\" three items respond, exclusively, to his mental commands. He discovered his weapons, which had belonged to a 13th-century ancestor, in an underground tomb in the Egyptian desert. The magic carpet and sash are formed from a material that is virtually indestructible, resisting fire, and even bullets. The carpet permitted him to travel, flying, at high speeds and altitudes, while the belt/sash magically elongates to approximately in length (almost 10 times", "title": "Arabian Knight (comics)" }, { "id": "2165826", "score": "1.4883156", "text": "if using a saber staff, the player can switch the staff into a single-bladed saber that uses the \"Medium\"-style saber stance. The player initially chooses the character's species and gender, and begins the game with a single lightsaber. Midway through the game, the player can choose to use dual sabers or a saber staff if desired. The campaign alternates between linear plot driven missions and user-selected missions. For user-selected missions, the player is given a list of five missions, and chooses the order in which to complete them. The player is only required to complete four of the missions before", "title": "Star Wars Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy" }, { "id": "3031750", "score": "1.4847096", "text": "the target as a successful assassination. Some rulesets require photographic proof that a true sighting occurred. Melee weapons are typically fake stabbing weapons. Melee weapons are more easily concealed than ranged weapons but require more stealth to employ effectively. Melee weapons must touch a player's body to eliminate them. Common examples of melee weapons are cardboard and plastic knives, plastic lightsabers, spoons, and toothbrushes. Plastic spoons are commonly used to prevent injury from aggressive players. Sharpie markers can be used as melee weapons by marking on a player's exposed skin. There is a stickers-based variant that has been played a", "title": "Assassin (game)" }, { "id": "1903026", "score": "1.4808363", "text": "or more iron-shod wooden bars (heavy sword pommels have also been used as weights). However, there are few depictions of such a ball-and-chain flail from the period, so the weapon of this type appears to have been uncommon. The morning star is a medieval weapon consisting of a spiked ball mounted on a shaft, resembling a mace, usually with a long spike extending straight from the top and many smaller spikes around the particle of the head. The spikes distinguish it from a mace, which can have, at most, flanges or small knobs. It was used by both infantry and", "title": "Morning star (weapon)" } ]

[ "Lincoln logs", "Lincoln log", "Lincoln Logs", "Lincoln Log", "lincoln logs", "lincoln log" ]

[ { "id": "3319984", "score": "2.0095384", "text": "John Lloyd Wright John Lloyd Wright (December 12, 1892 – December 20, 1972) was an American architect and toy inventor. Born in Oak Park, Illinois, Wright was the second-oldest son of famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright. John Lloyd Wright became estranged from his father in 1909 and subsequently left his home to join his brother on the West Coast. After unsuccessfully working a series of jobs, he decided to take up the profession of his father in 1912. Shortly afterward, he was able to reconnect with his father, who took John under his wing. Differences in opinion regarding the Imperial", "title": "John Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "3319991", "score": "1.895304", "text": "an interlocking method to make it safe for earthquakes, and John realized that this design could be adapted into a toy version. He used his own funds to bring the idea to market in 1918 as the Red Square Toy Company (so named after his father's famous symbol). The toys were notched miniature logs about in diameter that could be arranged to build miniature log cabins. Wright received a patent on August 31, 1920, and had the name registered on August 28, 1923. Wright later sold the patent which became one of the most popular toys ever designed. In 1920,", "title": "John Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "3319995", "score": "1.815912", "text": "1946, Wright published a biography of his father, \"My Father Who Is on Earth\". Wright and Hazel Lundin were divorced in 1942, and Wright married Frances Welsh in 1946. Wright designed a home for him and his third wife in Del Mar, California, later that year. He also resumed his architectural toy designs, designing Wright Blocks and Timber Toys. He designed nearly four dozen houses in California until his death on December 20, 1972, eight days after his eightieth birthday. John Lloyd Wright John Lloyd Wright (December 12, 1892 – December 20, 1972) was an American architect and toy inventor.", "title": "John Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "3319985", "score": "1.8033583", "text": "Hotel, Tokyo caused the pair to again become disunited. John Lloyd Wright took a break from architecture after this falling-out and focused on designing toys. The most successful of these inventions was Lincoln Logs in 1916, which would later be one of the original inductees into the National Toy Hall of Fame. In 1923, Wright moved to Long Beach, Indiana and designed several buildings. His style was characterized by the Prairie School of architecture with International Style influences. After marrying a third time in 1946, Wright left Indiana for Del Mar, California, where he spent the rest of his life", "title": "John Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "3195981", "score": "1.8028893", "text": "invented sometime around 1916–1917 when John Lloyd Wright was working in Japan with his father. The mold for the toy was based on the architecture of the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, designed by the inventor's father. The foundation of the hotel was designed with interlocking log beams, which made the structure \"earthquake-proof\". When he returned to the U.S., John organized The Red Square Toy Company (named after his father's famous symbol), and marketed the toy in 1918. Wright was issued U.S. patent 1,351,086 on August 31, 1920, for a \"Toy-Cabin Construction\". Soon after, he changed the name to J. L.", "title": "Lincoln Logs" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "John Lloyd Wright\n\nJohn Lloyd Wright (December 12, 1892 – December 20, 1972) was an American architect and toy inventor. Born in Oak Park, Illinois, Wright was the second-oldest son of famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright. John Lloyd Wright became estranged from his father in 1909 and subsequently left his home to join his brother on the West Coast. After unsuccessfully working a series of jobs, he decided to take up the profession of his father in 1912. Shortly afterward, he was able to reconnect with his father, who took John under his wing. Differences in opinion regarding the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo caused the pair to again become disunited.\n\nJohn Lloyd Wright took a break from architecture after this falling-out and focused on designing toys. The most successful of these inventions was Lincoln Logs in 1916, which would later be one of the original inductees into the National Toy Hall of Fame. In 1923, Wright moved to Long Beach, Indiana and designed several buildings. His style was characterized by the Prairie School of architecture with International Style influences. After marrying a third time in 1946, Wright left Indiana for Del Mar, California, where he spent the rest of his life designing houses.", "title": "John Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Lincoln Logs\n\nLincoln Logs are an American children's toy consisting of square-notched miniature lightweight logs used to build small forts and buildings. They were invented around 1916 by John Lloyd Wright, second son of the well-known architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Lincoln Logs were inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame in 1999. They are named after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln who once lived in a log cabin.\n\nStarting in 2014, Lincoln Logs were manufactured by K'NEX Industries Inc. In late 2017, K'NEX, having filed for bankruptcy, was bought out by Basic Fun, Inc., of Florida. Pride Manufacturing, of Burnham, Maine, manufactures Lincoln Logs for Basic Fun, and the rights to the IP are owned by Hasbro.", "title": "Lincoln Logs" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Frank Lloyd Wright\n\nFrank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century, influencing architects worldwide through his works and hundreds of apprentices in his Taliesin Fellowship. Wright believed in designing in harmony with humanity and the environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was exemplified in Fallingwater (1935), which has been called \"the best all-time work of American architecture\".<ref name=\"Brewster\" /> \n\nWright was the pioneer of what came to be called the Prairie School movement of architecture and also developed the concept of the Usonian home in Broadacre City, his vision for urban planning in the United States. He also designed original and innovative offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, museums, and other commercial projects. Wright-designed interior elements (including leaded glass windows, floors, furniture and even tableware) were integrated into these structures. He wrote several books and numerous articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and in Europe. Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as \"the greatest American architect of all time\".<ref name=\"Brewster\" /> In 2019, a selection of his work became a listed World Heritage Site as \"The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright\".\n\nRaised in rural Wisconsin, Wright studied civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin and then apprenticed in Chicago, briefly with Joseph Lyman Silsbee, and then with Louis Sullivan at Adler & Sullivan. Wright opened his own successful Chicago practice in 1893 and established a studio in his Oak Park, Illinois home in 1898. His fame increased and his personal life sometimes made headlines: leaving his first wife Catherine Tobin for Mamah Cheney in 1909; the murder of Mamah and her children and others at his Taliesin estate by a staff member in 1914; his tempestuous marriage with second wife Miriam Noel (m. 1923–1927); and his courtship and marriage with Olgivanna Lazović (m. 1928–1959).", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Portal:Toys/Selected picture" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Portal:Toys/Selected picture/3" }, { "id": "10632821", "score": "1.782732", "text": "types and numbers of pieces included, allowing them to be both interoperable and identifiable by difficulty level (e.g. junior, big boy, grad). In addition to use as a construction toy, they have been used by scientists and students to model molecules, and even to build a primitive computer. Lincoln Logs were introduced in 1918 by John Lloyd Wright, second son of the architect Frank Lloyd Wright. They were inspired by structural work for the second Imperial Hotel, built in Tokyo, Japan. For the hotel, Frank Lloyd Wright designed a system of interlocking timber beams that were intended protect the hotel", "title": "Educational toy" }, { "id": "3319986", "score": "1.7636385", "text": "designing houses. John Lloyd Wright was born on December 12, 1892, while his father, Frank Lloyd Wright, was practicing in Chicago with Adler & Sullivan. He was the second-oldest of the six children of Frank Lloyd and Catherine Wright. They lived in Oak Park, Illinois, in what is now known as the Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio. John became estranged from his father in 1909, when Frank abandoned his family to be with Mamah Borthwick Cheney. John was accepted to the University of Wisconsin shortly after, but soon dropped out. He moved to Portland, Oregon, to get away from", "title": "John Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "3195983", "score": "1.7179883", "text": "John Lloyd Wright were entered into the National Toy Hall of Fame. In September 2014 the manufacturer announced the return of production from China to the U.S. Lincoln Logs Lincoln Logs is a U.S. children's toy consisting of notched miniature logs, used to build small forts and buildings. They were invented by John Lloyd Wright, second son of the architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Lincoln Logs were inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame in 1999. As of 2014 Lincoln Logs are manufactured by K'NEX Industries Inc. In late 2017, K'NEX, having filed for bankruptcy, was bought out by Basic", "title": "Lincoln Logs" }, { "id": "134544", "score": "1.6968555", "text": "her first child would grow up to build beautiful buildings. She decorated his nursery with engravings of English cathedrals torn from a periodical to encourage the infant's ambition. In 1870, the family moved to Weymouth, Massachusetts, where William ministered to a small congregation. In 1876, Anna visited the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, where she saw an exhibit of educational blocks created by Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel. The blocks, known as Froebel Gifts, were the foundation of his innovative kindergarten curriculum. Anna, a trained teacher, was excited by the program and bought a set with which young Wright spent much time", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "134617", "score": "1.695281", "text": "He also adopted Svetlana Milanoff, the daughter of his third wife, Olgivanna Lloyd Wright. His wives were: His children with Catherine were: His children with Olgivanna were: Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which were completed. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called \"the best all-time work", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "3319989", "score": "1.6909895", "text": "formal architectural training. He intended to apprentice with Vienna Secession architect Otto Wagner in exchange for room and board in Vienna, Austria. After John wrote a letter to his father, asking him for money for a ticket to Vienna, Frank wrote back that John was welcome to train with him. He accepted the opportunity, but struggled under the dominating personality of his father. In 1913, upon completion of Taliesin I, Frank left Chicago for Wisconsin and placed John in charge of his Chicago office. John oversaw the construction of Midway Gardens, utilizing sculpture from his friend Iannelli. John accompanied his", "title": "John Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "20473454", "score": "1.6696699", "text": "Lifetime Achievement Award from the British Toy and Hobby Association. Hilary Fisher Page Hilary (Harry) Fisher Page (August 20, 1904 – 1957) was an English toy maker and inventor of Self-Locking Building Bricks, the predecessor of Lego bricks. He founded the Kiddicraft toy company. Hilary (Harry) Fisher Page was born on August 20, 1904 in Sanderstead, England. He was the first child of Samuel Fisher and Lillian Maude Page. As a child he made his own wooden toys and invented games supported by his father who worked in the lumber trade. Page attended the Shrewsbury Public School from 1918 to", "title": "Hilary Fisher Page" }, { "id": "3319992", "score": "1.6577141", "text": "John and Jeanette divorced; Wright moved back to the Oak Park studio with his mother. He remarried in 1921 to Hazel Lundin, and they had a child, Elizabeth, in 1922. John sought out his father's former employer, Louis Sullivan, and had a series of conversations which inspired him to practice architecture again. The next year, he and his family moved to Long Beach, Indiana, so that he could establish his own, independent practice. Wright also opened a second office in the Warren Building in nearby Michigan City. His second child, John Lloyd Wright, Jr., was born in 1925. During this", "title": "John Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "20473448", "score": "1.6453302", "text": "Hilary Fisher Page Hilary (Harry) Fisher Page (August 20, 1904 – 1957) was an English toy maker and inventor of Self-Locking Building Bricks, the predecessor of Lego bricks. He founded the Kiddicraft toy company. Hilary (Harry) Fisher Page was born on August 20, 1904 in Sanderstead, England. He was the first child of Samuel Fisher and Lillian Maude Page. As a child he made his own wooden toys and invented games supported by his father who worked in the lumber trade. Page attended the Shrewsbury Public School from 1918 to 1923 where he began to display his entrepreneurial skills. Interested", "title": "Hilary Fisher Page" }, { "id": "3319990", "score": "1.6446891", "text": "father to Japan to oversee the design of the Imperial Hotel. However, an argument over John's salary resulted in his firing and the two again became estranged. In 1913, John married Jeanette Winters, whom he had met in Los Angeles. He designed a home for them in Chicago they called the Bird Center. Now without an architectural practice, John focused on some of his hobbies, including toys. It was at this time that he perfected the design for his Lincoln Logs, an idea he had conceived while in Japan. Construction of the Imperial Hotel required beams to be designed in", "title": "John Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "4053459", "score": "1.6390526", "text": "MI, in 1870 where he engaged in manufacturing tool-handles and other specialty items. Edwin's sister, Luella Emory Cheney, was born April 11, 1871 (adopted). Cheney became an electrical engineer. He commissioned Frank Lloyd Wright to build his family a house in Oak Park. Wright engaged in a love affair with Edwin's wife Mamah, with whom he went to Europe. Upon their return, Mamah moved into Taliesin, the new house Wright was building for them, while it was still under construction. For reasons unknown at the time, Julian Carlton, a domestic servant, killed Mamah and her two children, John and Martha,", "title": "Edwin Cheney" }, { "id": "14717674", "score": "1.6309354", "text": "Frank Caplan Frank Caplan (June 10, 1911 – September 28, 1988) was a youth worker, educator, folk toy collector, and pioneer in developing and manufacturing educational toys for children. He co-founded Creative Playthings in 1945 with his wife Theresa, and worked with artists, architects, and designers, such as Isamu Noguchi, Louis Kahn, Henry Moore, Robert Winston, and the Swiss toymaker, Antonio Vitali, to create innovative educational play objects and playground designs for children. By the 1950s, Creative Playthings had gained international recognition and expanded to become one of the most important manufacturers and suppliers of materials for early childhood education.", "title": "Frank Caplan" }, { "id": "134540", "score": "1.6235552", "text": "Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which were completed. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called \"the best all-time work of American architecture\". His creative period spanned more than 70 years. Wright was the pioneer of what came to be called the Prairie School movement of architecture,", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "3655437", "score": "1.621812", "text": "Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright Jr. (March 31, 1890 – May 31, 1978) commonly known as Lloyd Wright, was an American architect, active primarily in Los Angeles and Southern California. He was a landscape architect for various Los Angeles projects (1922–24), provided the shells for the Hollywood Bowl (1926–28), and produced the Swedenborg Memorial Chapel (or Wayfarer's Chapel) at Rancho Palos Verdes, California (1946–71). His name is frequently confused with that of his more famous father, Frank Lloyd Wright. Born on March 31, 1890, Frank Lloyd Wright Jr. was the son of renowned architect, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Wright's first", "title": "Lloyd Wright" }, { "id": "12176065", "score": "1.6093295", "text": "Alfonso Iannelli Alfonso Iannelli (February 17, 1888 - March 23, 1965) was an Italian-American sculptor, artist, and industrial designer. Based in Chicago for most of his life, Iannelli was born in Andretta, Italy on February 17, 1888. He came to America in 1898. He studied to be a sculptor under Gutzon Borglum, later famous for Mount Rushmore. From 1910 to 1915, he designed posters for the vaudeville acts appearing at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles. Frank Lloyd Wright's son John saw his work, and the two became friends. John introduced Iannelli's work to his father, Frank Lloyd Wright, who", "title": "Alfonso Iannelli" } ]

[ "Redhead", "Redheads", "red heads", "Redhead (disambiguation)", "redheaded", "red head", "Red-headed", "Red head", "red headed", "redhead disambiguation", "Redheaded", "redhead", "redheads", "Red heads" ]

[ { "id": "20876716", "score": "1.9380777", "text": "California Cryobank California Cryobank is a sperm bank in California, United States, one of the two biggest in the world. There are offices in Palo Alto, Los Angeles, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and New York. According to the company in 2018 they had about 600 donors and 75,000 registered live births since 1977. Since 2018 they no longer accept anonymous donations. They offer a service to choose sperm from donors who resemble celebrities. When they reach the age of 18 children conceived through sperm donation can ask for information about their biological fathers. The bank also offers sperm of donors who have", "title": "California Cryobank" }, { "id": "20876717", "score": "1.8964238", "text": "deceased, and co-founder Cappy Rothman was the first physician who extracted sperm post mortem. In 2016 it was estimated that there had been 200 such cases. California Cryobank California Cryobank is a sperm bank in California, United States, one of the two biggest in the world. There are offices in Palo Alto, Los Angeles, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and New York. According to the company in 2018 they had about 600 donors and 75,000 registered live births since 1977. Since 2018 they no longer accept anonymous donations. They offer a service to choose sperm from donors who resemble celebrities. When they reach", "title": "California Cryobank" }, { "id": "4845968", "score": "1.8604151", "text": "regulations reduce the size of the donor pool and, in some cases, exclude entire classes of potential buyers such as single women and lesbian couples, some customers choose to buy abroad or on the internet, having the samples delivered at home. Sperm bank A sperm bank, semen bank or cryobank is a facility or enterprise which purchases and stores human semen from men known as sperm donors for use by women who wish to use donor-provided sperm to achieve a pregnancy or pregnancies. Sperm sold by a sperm donor is known as donor sperm. Sperm is introduced into the recipient", "title": "Sperm bank" }, { "id": "4845926", "score": "1.7855048", "text": "Sperm bank A sperm bank, semen bank or cryobank is a facility or enterprise which purchases and stores human semen from men known as sperm donors for use by women who wish to use donor-provided sperm to achieve a pregnancy or pregnancies. Sperm sold by a sperm donor is known as donor sperm. Sperm is introduced into the recipient woman by means of artificial insemination or by IVF and the process may also involve donated eggs or the use of a surrogate. From a medical perspective, a pregnancy achieved using donor sperm is no different from a pregnancy achieved using", "title": "Sperm bank" }, { "id": "4845944", "score": "1.765826", "text": "a viable way to earn a significant income—and is far less lucrative than selling human eggs. Some private donors may seek remuneration although others donate for altruistic reasons. According to the EU Tissue Directive donors in EU may only receive compensation, which is strictly limited to making good the expenses and inconveniences related to the donation. A survey among sperm donors in Cryos International Sperm bank showed that altruistic as well as financial motives were the main factors for becoming a donor. However, when the compensation was increased 100% in 2004 (to DKK 500) it had no significant impact on", "title": "Sperm bank" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Red hair\n\nRed hair (also known as orange hair and ginger hair) is a hair color found in one to two percent of the human population, appearing with greater frequency (two to six percent) among people of Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and lesser frequency in other populations. It is most common in individuals homozygous for a recessive allele on chromosome 16 that produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.\n\nRed hair varies in hue from a deep burgundy or bright copper, or auburn, to burnt orange or red-orange to strawberry blond. Characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin, it is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye color, freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.<ref name=\"valverde\" />\n\nCultural reactions to red hair have been varied. The term \"redhead\" has been in use since at least 1510.", "title": "Red hair" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Discrimination against people with red hair\n\nDiscrimination against people with red hair is the prejudice, stereotyping and dehumanization of people with naturally red hair, which can be the result of a genetic mutation. In contemporary form, it often involves a cultural discrimination against people with red hair.\n\nA number of stereotypes exist about people with red hair, many of which engender harmful or discriminatory treatment towards them. \n\nWhile discrimination against people with red hair has occurred for thousands of years and in many countries, in modern times it has been described as particularly acute in the United Kingdom, where there have been calls to designate red hair a protected characteristic covered by hate crime legislation.", "title": "Discrimination against people with red hair" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Sperm bank\n\nA sperm bank, semen bank, or cryobank is a facility or enterprise which purchases, stores and sells human semen. The semen is produced and sold by men who are known as sperm donors. The sperm is purchased by or for other persons for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy or pregnancies other than by a sexual partner. Sperm sold by a sperm donor is known as donor sperm.\n\nA sperm bank may be a separate entity supplying donor sperm to individuals or to fertility centers or clinics, or it may be a facility which is run by a clinic or other medical establishment mainly or exclusively for their patients or customers.\n\nA pregnancy may be achieved using donor sperm for insemination with similar outcomes to sexual intercourse. By using sperm from a donor rather than from the sperm recipient's partner, the process is a form of third party reproduction. In the 21st century artificial insemination with donor sperm from a sperm bank is most commonly used for individuals with no male partner, i.e. single women and coupled lesbians.\n\nA sperm donor must generally meet specific requirements regarding age and screening for medical history. In the United States, sperm banks are regulated as Human Cell and Tissue or Cell and Tissue Bank Product (HCT/Ps) establishments by the Food and Drug Administration. Many states also have regulations in addition to those imposed by the FDA. In the European Union a sperm bank must have a license according to the EU Tissue Directive. In the United Kingdom, sperm banks are regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority.", "title": "Sperm bank" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Vasectomy\n\nVasectomy, or vasoligation, is an elective surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception. During the procedure, the male vasa deferentia are cut and tied or sealed so as to prevent sperm from entering into the urethra and thereby prevent fertilization of a female through sexual intercourse. Vasectomies are usually performed in a physician's office, medical clinic, or, when performed on an animal, in a veterinary clinic. Hospitalization is not normally required as the procedure is not complicated, the incisions are small, and the necessary equipment routine. The leading potential complication is post-vasectomy pain syndrome.\n\nThere are several methods by which a surgeon might complete a vasectomy procedure, all of which occlude (i.e., \"seal\") at least one side of each vas deferens. To help reduce anxiety and increase patient comfort, those who have an aversion to needles may consider a \"\"no-needle\"\" application of anesthesia while the 'no-scalpel' or 'open-ended' techniques help to accelerate recovery times and increase the chance of healthy recovery.\n\nDue to the simplicity of the surgery, a vasectomy usually takes less than 30 minutes to complete. After a short recovery at the doctor's office (usually less than an hour), the patient is sent home to rest. Because the procedure is minimally invasive, many vasectomy patients find that they can resume their typical sexual behavior within a week, and do so with little or no discomfort.\n\nBecause the procedure is considered a permanent method of contraception and is not easily reversed, patients are usually counseled and advised to consider how the long-term outcome of a vasectomy might affect them both emotionally and physically. The procedure is not often encouraged for young single childless people as their chances for biological parenthood are thereby permanently reduced, sometimes completely.", "title": "Vasectomy" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Protein" }, { "id": "13025212", "score": "1.7606796", "text": "donors had given information to the clinical staff regarding physical characteristics and education but only 16% had provided additional information such as hereditary aptitudes and temperament or character. Sexually active gay men are prohibited or discouraged from donating in some countries, including the US. Sperm banks also screen out some potential donors based on height, baldness, and family medical history. Where a donor donates sperm through a sperm bank, the sperm bank will generally undertake a number of checks to ensure that the donor produces sperm of sufficient quantity and quality and that the donor is healthy and will not", "title": "Sperm donation" }, { "id": "13025221", "score": "1.7580547", "text": "reasons. According to the EU Tissue Directive donors in EU may only receive compensation, which is strictly limited to making good the expenses and inconveniences related to the donation. A survey among sperm donors in Cryos International Sperm bank showed that altruistic as well as financial motives were the main factors for becoming a donor. However, when the compensation was increased 100% in 2004 (to DKK 500) it did not significantly affect the numbers of new donor candidates coming in or the frequency of donations from the existing donors. When the compensation was reduced to the previous level (DKK 250)", "title": "Sperm donation" }, { "id": "4845958", "score": "1.7570405", "text": "include the donors being tall, college educated, and with a consistently high sperm count. A review came to the result that 68% of donors had given information to the clinical staff regarding physical characteristics and education but only 16% had provided additional information such as hereditary aptitudes and temperament or character. Sperm banks make information available about the sperm donors whose donations they hold to enable customers to select the donor whose sperm they wish to use. This information is often available by way of an online catalog. A sperm bank will also usually have facilities to help customers to", "title": "Sperm bank" }, { "id": "4845929", "score": "1.7445669", "text": "for others but usually take no part in the upbringing of such children, and also from the fact that sperm banks often supply donor sperm or provide fertility services to single women and coupled lesbians, enabling them to have their own genetic child by a donor. Donors may not have a say in who may use their sperm. Another controversy centers around the use of sperm of deceased men as pioneered by California Cryobank. The increasing range of services which is available through sperm banks nevertheless enables more couples to have choices over the whole issue of reproduction. Women may", "title": "Sperm bank" }, { "id": "4845942", "score": "1.7141442", "text": "gay men from donating sperm due to the population's increased risk of HIV and hepatitis B. Modern sperm banks have also been known to screen out potential donors based on genetic conditions and family medical history. The majority of sperm donors who donate their sperm through a sperm bank receive some kind of payment, although this is rarely a significant amount. A review including 29 studies from 9 countries came to the result that the amount of money actual donors received for their donation varied from $10 to €70 per donation or sample. The payments vary from the situation in", "title": "Sperm bank" }, { "id": "4845931", "score": "1.674448", "text": "greater control over the way families are planned. Sperm banks increasingly adopt a less formal approach to the provision of their services thereby enabling people to take a relaxed approach to their own individual requirements. Men who donate their semen to a sperm bank do so with the intention that it will be used to enable women to have children whose partners have 'male factor' problems which prevent them from fathering children, or, more commonly, that they will enable women who have no male partner, such as single women and coupled lesbians, to have a child by them. Men who", "title": "Sperm bank" }, { "id": "13025268", "score": "1.6489005", "text": "world. On the global market, Denmark has a well-developed system of sperm export. This success mainly comes from the reputation of Danish sperm donors for being of high quality and, in contrast with the law in the other Nordic countries, gives donors the choice of being either anonymous or non-anonymous to the receiving couple. Furthermore, Nordic sperm donors tend to be tall, with rarer features like blond hair or different color eyes and a light complexion, and highly educated and have altruistic motives for their donations, partly due to the relatively low monetary compensation in Nordic countries. More than 50", "title": "Sperm donation" }, { "id": "4845938", "score": "1.6471016", "text": "number of steps to ensure the health and quality of the sperm which it supplies and it will inform customers of the checks which it undertakes, providing relevant information about individual donors. A sperm bank will usually guarantee the quality and number of motile sperm available in a sample after thawing. They will try to select men as donors who are particularly fertile and whose sperm will survive the freezing and thawing process. Samples are often sold as containing a particular number of motile sperm per millilitre, and different types of sample may be sold by a sperm bank for", "title": "Sperm bank" }, { "id": "20859243", "score": "1.6465735", "text": "The Sperm Bank of California The Sperm Bank of California (TSBC) is a nonprofit sperm bank in Berkeley, California. It was founded by Barbara Raboy in 1982. It has a program through which adults conceived from a sperm donation can contact the donor, which was first such program offered by a sperm bank. According to a 2002 article, at the time 1,100 children had been conceived with the help of the bank and officials of the bank said roughly four out of five clients had chosen the donor ID release option. The bank serves a large lesbian and single-mother-by-choice clientele.", "title": "The Sperm Bank of California" }, { "id": "20859242", "score": "1.6465735", "text": "The Sperm Bank of California The Sperm Bank of California (TSBC) is a nonprofit sperm bank in Berkeley, California. It was founded by Barbara Raboy in 1982. It has a program through which adults conceived from a sperm donation can contact the donor, which was first such program offered by a sperm bank. According to a 2002 article, at the time 1,100 children had been conceived with the help of the bank and officials of the bank said roughly four out of five clients had chosen the donor ID release option. The bank serves a large lesbian and single-mother-by-choice clientele.", "title": "The Sperm Bank of California" }, { "id": "13025210", "score": "1.6391677", "text": "details. Simply because such information is not verifiable does not imply that it is in any way inaccurate, and a sperm bank will rely upon its reputation which, in turn, will be based upon its success rate and upon the accuracy of the information about its donors which it makes available. In the UK, most donors are anonymous at the point of donation and recipients can only see non-identifying information about their donor (height, weight, ethnicity, etc.). Donors need to provide identifying information to the clinic and clinics will usually ask the donor's GP to confirm any medical details they", "title": "Sperm donation" }, { "id": "13025219", "score": "1.6366736", "text": "as the Donor Sibling Registry as well as DNA testing services such as Ancestry.com and 23andMe. By using these services, donors can find offspring despite the fact that they may have donated anonymously. The majority of donors who donate through a sperm bank receive some form of payment, although this is rarely a significant amount. A review including 29 studies from 9 countries found that the amount of money donors received varied from $10 to €70 per donation or sample. The payments vary from the situation in the United Kingdom where donors are only entitled to their expenses, to the", "title": "Sperm donation" }, { "id": "17001826", "score": "1.6340168", "text": "nevertheless clinics do not offer sperm from carriers of significant STIs. Children conceived through sperm donation have a birth defect rate of almost a fifth compared with the general population. This may be explained by the fact that sperm banks only accept donors who have good semen quality, and because of the rigorous screening procedures which they adopt, including a typical age limitation on sperm donors, often limiting sperm donors to the ages of 21-39 (see paternal age effect), and genetic and health screening of donors. In addition, sperm banks may try to ensure that the sperm used in a", "title": "Screening of potential sperm bank donors" }, { "id": "4845943", "score": "1.6249106", "text": "the United Kingdom where donors are only entitled to their expenses in connection with the donation, to the situation with some US sperm banks where a donor receives a set fee for each donation plus an additional amount for each vial stored. At one prominent California sperm bank for example, TSBC, donors receive roughly $50 for each donation (ejaculation) which has acceptable motility/survival rates both at donation and at a test-thaw a couple of days later. Because of the requirement for the two-day celibacy period before donation, and geographical factors which usually require the donor to travel, it is not", "title": "Sperm bank" }, { "id": "13025260", "score": "1.6217413", "text": "A Parliamentary Commission agreed. In Italy, the Pope declared donor insemination a sin, and proposed that anyone using the procedure be sent to prison. Sperm donation gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. In many western countries, sperm donation is now a largely accepted procedure. In the US and elsewhere, there are a large number of sperm banks. A sperm bank in the US pioneered the use of on-line search catalogues for donor sperm, and these facilities are now widely available on the websites of sperm banks and fertility clinics. Recent years have also seen sperm donation become relatively less", "title": "Sperm donation" } ]

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[ { "id": "2496742", "score": "1.6513803", "text": "charted with solo credits: Huey Lewis Hugh Anthony Cregg III (born July 5, 1950), known professionally as Huey Lewis, is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. Lewis sings lead and plays harmonica for his band, Huey Lewis and the News, in addition to writing or co-writing many of the band's songs. The band is known for their third, and best-selling, album \"Sports\", and their contribution to the soundtrack of the 1985 feature film \"Back to the Future\". Lewis previously played with the band Clover from 1972 to 1979. Huey Lewis was born in New York City. His father, Hugh Anthony", "title": "Huey Lewis" }, { "id": "873918", "score": "1.6204681", "text": "nominated for an Academy Award and reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart. The News combined a rock backing with soul and doo-wop harmony vocals and Lewis' distinctive voice. In 1972, singer/harmonica player Huey Lewis and keyboardist Sean Hopper joined the Bay Area jazz-funk band Clover. Clover recorded several albums in the 1970s, and in the middle of the decade transplanted themselves to Britain to become part of the UK pub rock scene. Without Lewis, they eventually became the original backing band for Elvis Costello's first album \"My Aim Is True\". Lewis also worked with Irish band", "title": "Huey Lewis and the News" }, { "id": "2496723", "score": "1.6055744", "text": "Huey Lewis Hugh Anthony Cregg III (born July 5, 1950), known professionally as Huey Lewis, is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. Lewis sings lead and plays harmonica for his band, Huey Lewis and the News, in addition to writing or co-writing many of the band's songs. The band is known for their third, and best-selling, album \"Sports\", and their contribution to the soundtrack of the 1985 feature film \"Back to the Future\". Lewis previously played with the band Clover from 1972 to 1979. Huey Lewis was born in New York City. His father, Hugh Anthony Cregg Jr., was an", "title": "Huey Lewis" }, { "id": "2496740", "score": "1.5988603", "text": "On October 21, 2015, on an episode of \"Jimmy Kimmel Live\", Huey Lewis reprised his role from \"Back to the Future\" in a segment where Marty McFly and Doc Brown arrive in the time machine and talk to the host. In 1985, Lewis sued Ray Parker, Jr. over similarities between Parker's theme for the 1984 movie \"Ghostbusters\" and Lewis' \"I Want a New Drug\". The case was settled out of court with both parties agreeing to keep the settlement secret. In 2001, Parker sued Lewis, alleging that in a \"Behind the Music\" episode, Lewis had discussed the settlement in violation", "title": "Huey Lewis" }, { "id": "873938", "score": "1.5608534", "text": "of the band's Fore! album, Huey plays a DVD for Al of \"American Psycho\". Current The Sports Section Former Timeline Huey Lewis and the News Huey Lewis and the News is an American pop rock band based in San Francisco, California. They had a run of hit singles during the 1980s and early 1990s, eventually achieving 19 top ten singles across the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, Adult Contemporary, and Mainstream Rock charts. Their most successful album, \"Sports\", was released in 1983. The album, along with its videos being featured on MTV, catapulted the group to worldwide fame. That expanded when the", "title": "Huey Lewis and the News" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Huey Lewis\n\nHugh Anthony Cregg III (born July 5, 1950), known professionally as Huey Lewis, is an American singer, songwriter, and actor.\n\nLewis sings lead and plays harmonica for his band, Huey Lewis and the News, in addition to writing or co-writing many of the band's songs. The band is perhaps best known for their third, and best-selling, album \"Sports\", and their contribution to the soundtrack of the 1985 feature film \"Back to the Future\". Lewis previously played with the band Clover from 1972 to 1979.", "title": "Huey Lewis" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Huey Lewis and the News\n\nHuey Lewis and the News are an American rock band based in San Francisco, California. They had a run of hit singles during the 1980s and early 1990s, eventually achieving 19 top ten singles across the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, Adult Contemporary, and Mainstream Rock charts. Their sound draws upon earlier pop, rhythm & blues and doo-wop artists, and their own material has been labeled as blue-eyed soul, new wave, power pop, and roots rock.<ref name=\"Post\"/><ref name=\"Tratner\"/>\n\nThe group's first two albums were well-received, with Lewis's personal charisma as a frontman gaining notice from publications such as \"The Washington Post\",", "title": "Huey Lewis and the News" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Music of the Back to the Future series" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Hip to Be Square\n\n\"Hip to Be Square\" is a song by Huey Lewis and the News, written by Bill Gibson, Sean Hopper, and Huey Lewis, and released in 1986 as the second single from the multi-platinum album \"Fore!\".\n\nThe song features Pro Football Hall of Famers and then-San Francisco 49ers Joe Montana and Ronnie Lott singing backup vocals. The single reached number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In later concerts, Lewis performed the song as \"(Too) Hip to Be Square\", as performed on their live album, \"Live at 25\".", "title": "Hip to Be Square" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Stuck with You\n\n\"Stuck with You\" is a song by American rock band Huey Lewis and the News, written by guitarist Chris Hayes and lead singer Huey Lewis. Released in 1986, it was the first single from the band's fourth album, \"Fore!\". The song spent three weeks at number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming the band's second number-one hit on the chart. Internationally, the song became the band's second top-20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching number 12 on the UK Singles Chart, and peaked within the top 10 in Australia, Canada, Iceland, South Africa, and New Zealand.", "title": "Stuck with You" }, { "id": "2496736", "score": "1.5502863", "text": "Lewis. One of the songs from that cancelled project, \"100 Years From Now\" was later used for the compilation album \"Time Flies... The Best Of\". Huey Lewis has sung with Umphrey's McGee at several shows beginning with the 2005 Jammy Awards and is featured on two tracks of their album \"Safety in Numbers\". On February 13, 2007, Lewis was interviewed on the podcast series \"Stuck in the '80s\". During the interview he revealed that the band has written several new songs that they planned to record in 2008. He also stated that, given how much the industry has changed since", "title": "Huey Lewis" }, { "id": "873924", "score": "1.5472307", "text": "the World,\" with Lewis taking a solo vocal. The song topped music charts throughout the world and became the fastest-selling American pop single in history. Their song, \"The Power of Love,\" was a number-one U.S. hit and featured in the 1985 film \"Back to the Future\", for which they also recorded the song, \"Back in Time.\" Lewis has a cameo appearance in the film as a faculty member who rejects Marty McFly's band's audition for the school's \"Battle of the Bands\" contest. As an inside joke, the piece the band plays is an instrumental heavy metal version of \"The Power", "title": "Huey Lewis and the News" }, { "id": "2496733", "score": "1.5442401", "text": "of Love\" was a No. 1 U.S. hit and was featured in the 1985 film \"Back to the Future\", for which they also recorded the song, \"Back in Time\". Lewis has a cameo appearance in the film as a faculty member who rejects Marty McFly's band's audition for the school's \"Battle of the Bands\" contest. As an inside joke, the piece the band plays is an instrumental heavy metal version of \"The Power of Love\". (Lewis plays the audition committee leader, who, after glancing at the other, equally unimpressed fellow faculty members, picks up the megaphone and says, \"Hold it,", "title": "Huey Lewis" }, { "id": "2496729", "score": "1.5403204", "text": "for Phonogram were not successful. By this point the spelling of Cregg's stage name had changed to \"Huey Louis\"; it is under this spelling that he is billed on both of Clover's albums for Phonogram, although for songwriting credits he is billed as \"H. Cregg\". In 1978 the band returned to California, McFee joined the Doobie Brothers, and Clover disbanded. Under the name \"Bluesy Huey Lewis\", Lewis played harmonica on Thin Lizzy's 1978 landmark album \"Live and Dangerous\". That same year, he was playing at Uncle Charlie's, a club in Corte Madera, California, doing the \"Monday Night Live\" spot along", "title": "Huey Lewis" }, { "id": "873932", "score": "1.509285", "text": "to develop the film's title song. Later that year, Huey Lewis and the News sued Parker, citing the similarities between the \"Ghostbusters\" song and their earlier hit \"I Want a New Drug.\" According to Huey Lewis and the News, this was especially damaging to them since \"Ghostbusters\" was so popular, rising to number one on the charts for three weeks. The dispute was ultimately settled out of court. Lewis has stated that his experiences with the producers of \"Ghostbusters\" were indirectly responsible for him getting involved in the 1985 movie \"Back to the Future\". In the 2001 \"Behind the Music\"", "title": "Huey Lewis and the News" }, { "id": "873931", "score": "1.4918436", "text": "the studio in 2010, recording their first album of new material in nearly a decade. The album, entitled \"Soulsville\", is a Stax Records tribute album recorded at the legendary Ardent Studios. In 2013, a new song called \"While We're Young\" was played at concerts. The song is featured in the animated film, \"Animal Crackers\". The band had planned to release a new album sometime in 2018. Those plans were stalled when Huey Lewis suffered severe hearing loss that year. The band then decided to cancel all upcoming shows. In 1984, Ray Parker Jr. was signed by the producers of \"Ghostbusters\"", "title": "Huey Lewis and the News" }, { "id": "2496730", "score": "1.487537", "text": "with future members of the News. At this point he had adopted the \"Huey Lewis\" spelling, and the band was billed as Huey Lewis and the American Express. After recording the song \"Exodisco\" (a disco version of the theme from the film \"Exodus\") simply as American Express, Lewis landed a singles contract from Phonogram and Bob Brown became his manager. The band played a few gigs (including an opening for Van Morrison), before adding new guitarist Chris Hayes to the line-up. On Brown's advice they changed their name again to Huey Lewis and The News. After a failed self-titled debut", "title": "Huey Lewis" }, { "id": "1842123", "score": "1.4866366", "text": "reaching the top ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart. A video for the single was also produced. The follow-up single, \"Hope You Love Me Like You Say You Do\", reached the Top 40; while the third single, \"Workin' for a Livin'\", just missed the Top 40, peaking at number 41. \"Giving It All Up for Love\" is a cover of a Phil Lynott song. Lynott was the singer and bassist for the hard rock group Thin Lizzy, and Huey Lewis had played harmonica on Lynott's first two solo albums, as well as Thin Lizzy's \"Live and Dangerous\" album.", "title": "Picture This (Huey Lewis and the News album)" }, { "id": "2496737", "score": "1.4776208", "text": "their last album, he was unsure how they would sell the new material. During a show at the California State Fair on August 21, 2007 Lewis was named Sacramento's Musician of the Year by the fair's general manager and presented with a gold statue of the California state bear. Lewis recorded a duet version of \"Workin' for a Livin'\" with Garth Brooks, which was included on Brooks' three-disc set \"The Ultimate Hits\", in late 2007. On July 4, 2008, the eve of his 58th birthday, Huey Lewis and the News were the opening act for the annual A Capitol Fourth", "title": "Huey Lewis" }, { "id": "873920", "score": "1.4764142", "text": "Hopper, Gibson, Colla, and Cippolina to form a new group, Huey Lewis & The American Express. Although they played gigs under this name, in 1979, they recorded and released a single simply as \"American Express.\" The single, \"Exodisco\" (a disco version of the theme from the film \"Exodus\") was largely ignored. The B-side of this record, \"Kick Back,\" was a song that had previously been performed live by Lewis and his former band, Clover. In 1979, the band was joined by lead guitarist Chris Hayes and moved to Chrysalis Records, which occurred after their demo tape was heard by Pablo", "title": "Huey Lewis and the News" }, { "id": "2496725", "score": "1.4624789", "text": "York. His mother had an extramarital affair with Beat Generation poet Lew Welch who became his step father. Lewis' credits Welch with inspiring him in his early teenage years. In an interview with David Letterman, Lewis talked about hitchhiking across the country back to New York City and how he learned to play the harmonica while waiting for rides. He talked about hanging out at the airport for three days until he stowed away on a plane to Europe. In later interviews, Lewis would reveal other encounters he had traveling around Europe. While visiting Aberdeen, Scotland, with no money and", "title": "Huey Lewis" }, { "id": "7513960", "score": "1.462312", "text": "number eight in the UK singles chart. Three promotional videos were recorded for the single. The original version, featuring a little girl (reportedly named Sylwia) in punk garb leading three business suit-clad men in the destruction of various musical instruments, was directed by Zbigniew Rybczyński. According to an interview with the band, \"The male members of the band were slightly disturbed that they were made to come off as Huey Lewis and the News,\" Paul Morley said in an interview at the time, \"so one of the reasons we tend to hide behind masks or not appear at all is", "title": "Close (to the Edit)" }, { "id": "873917", "score": "1.4610581", "text": "Huey Lewis and the News Huey Lewis and the News is an American pop rock band based in San Francisco, California. They had a run of hit singles during the 1980s and early 1990s, eventually achieving 19 top ten singles across the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, Adult Contemporary, and Mainstream Rock charts. Their most successful album, \"Sports\", was released in 1983. The album, along with its videos being featured on MTV, catapulted the group to worldwide fame. That expanded when the song \"The Power of Love\" was featured in the hit film \"Back to the Future\". \"The Power of Love\" was", "title": "Huey Lewis and the News" }, { "id": "2496728", "score": "1.4592118", "text": "after. Other members of the band (at various points) included John McFee, Alex Call. Lewis played harmonica and sang lead vocals on a few tunes. In 1976, after playing in the Bay Area with limited success, Clover went to Los Angeles. They had their big break in a club there when their act was caught by Nick Lowe who convinced Clover to travel to Great Britain with him. However, Clover arrived in Britain just as their folk-rock sound, known as pub rock in Britain, was being replaced by punk rock. The two Clover albums produced by Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange", "title": "Huey Lewis" }, { "id": "873925", "score": "1.4585581", "text": "of Love\" (Lewis's response: \"Hold it, fellas ... I'm afraid you're just too darn loud\"). \"The Power of Love\" was nominated for an Academy Award. Following the success of \"The Power of Love\" and \"Back to the Future\", Huey Lewis and the News released their fourth studio album, \"Fore!\", in 1986. \"Fore!\" followed the success of \"Sports\" and reached number-one on the \"Billboard\" 200. The album spawned the number-one singles, \"Stuck with You\" and \"Jacob's Ladder,\" as well as the mainstream rock hit \"Hip to Be Square.\" In all, the album had five top-ten singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100", "title": "Huey Lewis and the News" } ]

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[ { "id": "776617", "score": "1.8395274", "text": "Warren Commission The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission, was established by President Lyndon B. Johnson through on November 29, 1963 to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy that had taken place on November 22, 1963. The U.S. Congress passed Senate Joint Resolution 137 authorizing the Presidential appointed Commission to report on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, mandating the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of evidence. Its 888-page final report was presented to President Johnson on September 24, 1964 and made public three", "title": "Warren Commission" }, { "id": "776618", "score": "1.821569", "text": "days later. It concluded that President Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald and that Oswald acted entirely alone. It also concluded that Jack Ruby acted alone when he killed Oswald two days later. The Commission's findings have proven controversial and have been both challenged and supported by later studies. The Commission took its unofficial name—the Warren Commission—from its chairman, Chief Justice Earl Warren. According to published transcripts of Johnson's presidential phone conversations, some major officials were opposed to forming such a commission and several commission members took part only reluctantly. One of their chief reservations was that a commission", "title": "Warren Commission" }, { "id": "776632", "score": "1.7964374", "text": "the scope of the Commission's investigation but expressed doubt that it would have altered its finding that Oswald acted alone in assassinating Kennedy. Warren Commission The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission, was established by President Lyndon B. Johnson through on November 29, 1963 to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy that had taken place on November 22, 1963. The U.S. Congress passed Senate Joint Resolution 137 authorizing the Presidential appointed Commission to report on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, mandating the attendance and testimony of", "title": "Warren Commission" }, { "id": "1981564", "score": "1.7957482", "text": "was established on November 29, 1963, by President Johnson to investigate the assassination. Its 888-page final report was presented to Johnson on September 24, 1964, and made public three days later. It concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in the killing of President Kennedy and the wounding of Texas Governor John Connally, and that Jack Ruby also acted alone in the murder of Oswald. The Commission's findings have since proven controversial and been both challenged and supported by later studies. The Commission took its unofficial name, \"The Warren Commission\", from its chairman, Chief Justice Earl Warren. According to published", "title": "Assassination of John F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "2323174", "score": "1.7619877", "text": "answer questions surrounding the events. President Johnson also hoped to quell rumors that arose after Oswald was shot by Jack Ruby that the assassination and subsequent shootings were part of a conspiracy. The committee, known as the Warren Commission (named for the commission chairman, Chief Justice Earl Warren), spent ten months investigating the murders and interviewing witnesses. On September 24, 1964, the Warren Commission released an 888-page report that concluded there was no evidence of a conspiracy and Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in killing President Kennedy and Officer Tippit. The report also concluded that Jack Ruby acted alone in", "title": "J. D. Tippit" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Assassination of John F. Kennedy" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Lyndon B. Johnson" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Earl Warren" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories\n\nThe assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963 spawned numerous conspiracy theories. These theories allege the involvement of the CIA, the Mafia, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro, the KGB, or some combination of these individuals and entities. The original FBI investigation and Warren Commission report, as well as an alleged \"benign CIA cover-up\", have led to the claim that the federal government deliberately covered up crucial information in the aftermath of the assassination. Former Los Angeles District Attorney Vincent Bugliosi estimated that a total of 42 groups, 82 assassins, and 214 people had been accused at one time or another in various conspiracy scenarios.\n\nIn 1964, the Warren Commission concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in assassinating Kennedy. In 1979, the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) concluded that Kennedy was probably assassinated in a conspiracy and that Oswald did not act alone. The HSCA concluded a second gunman also fired at Kennedy, based on acoustic evidence that was later discredited. ", "title": "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Warren Buffett\n\nWarren Edward Buffett ( ; born August 30, 1930) is an American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He is currently the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. He is one of the most successful investors in the world and has a net worth of over $100 billion as of November 2022, making him the world's sixth-wealthiest person.<ref name=\"Bloomberg\" />\n\nBuffett was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He developed an interest in business and investing in his youth, eventually entering the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1947 before transferring to and graduating from the University of Nebraska at 19. He went on to graduate from Columbia Business School, where he molded his investment philosophy around the concept of value investing pioneered by Benjamin Graham. He attended New York Institute of Finance to focus his economics background and soon after began various business partnerships, including one with Graham. He created Buffett Partnership, Ltd in 1956 and his firm eventually acquired a textile manufacturing firm called Berkshire Hathaway, assuming its name to create a diversified holding company. In 1978, Charlie Munger joined Buffett as vice-chairman.\n\nBuffett has been the chairman and largest shareholder of Berkshire Hathaway since 1970. He has been referred to as the \"Oracle\" or \"Sage\" of Omaha by global media. He is noted for his adherence to value investing, and his personal frugality despite his immense wealth.\n\nBuffett is a philanthropist, having pledged to give away 99 percent of his fortune to philanthropic causes, primarily via the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He founded The Giving Pledge in 2010 with Bill Gates, whereby billionaires pledge to give away at least half of their fortunes.<ref name=\"bbc\" />", "title": "Warren Buffett" }, { "id": "776623", "score": "1.714683", "text": "investigations, court proceedings, or the right of individuals to a fair trial.\" The findings prompted the Secret Service to make numerous modifications to its security procedures. In November 1964, two months after the publication of its 888-page report, the Commission published twenty-six volumes of supporting documents, including the testimony or depositions of 552 witnesses and more than 3,100 exhibits. All of the commission's records were then transferred on November 23 to the National Archives. The unpublished portion of those records was initially sealed for 75 years (to 2039) under a general National Archives policy that applied to all federal investigations", "title": "Warren Commission" }, { "id": "16125902", "score": "1.714675", "text": "and that the meeting occurred prior October 1, likely on the preceding Thursday (September 26) or Friday (September 27). The Warren Commission stated in its final report that it examined Oswald's known or alleged contacts and activities in an attempt to determine whether or not he was involved in a conspiracy to assassinate Kennedy, and that it investigated Odio's statements as part of that examination. The Commission said its investigation showed that Oswald left Dallas for New Orleans on April 24, 1963 and lived there until traveling to Mexico City in late September. It stated he was in New Orleans", "title": "Silvia Odio" }, { "id": "776620", "score": "1.7069192", "text": "Four days after Katzenbach's memo, Johnson appointed some of the nation's most prominent figures, including the Chief Justice of the United States, to the Commission. The Warren Commission met formally for the first time on December 5, 1963 on the second floor of the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C. The Commission conducted its business primarily in closed sessions, but these were not \"secret\" sessions. In response to Jack Ruby's shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald, the Warren Commission declared that the news media must share responsibility with the Dallas police department for \"the breakdown of law enforcement\" that led to", "title": "Warren Commission" }, { "id": "9606774", "score": "1.7063732", "text": "Sitzman. When later asked why she was never called before the Commission, Sitzman stated, \"Because it was [the 1960s], I was female and I was young. And I was irrelevant.\" On September 24, 1964, the Warren Commission released an 888-page report that concluded there was no evidence of a conspiracy and Lee Harvey Oswald, a former United States Marine that was arrested in connection with the shooting of Dallas Police Officer J.D. Tippit and later became a suspect in the assassination, acted alone in killing President Kennedy and Officer Tippit. In an interview with researcher Josiah Thompson conducted on November", "title": "Marilyn Sitzman" }, { "id": "11228984", "score": "1.6991028", "text": "Merritt Island, Florida, as the Kennedy Space Center, and the nearby launch facility at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station as Cape Kennedy. In response to the public demand for answers and the growing number of conspiracy theories, Johnson established a commission headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren, known as the Warren Commission, to investigate Kennedy's assassination. The commission conducted extensive research and hearings and unanimously concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in the assassination. Since the commission's official report was released in September 1964, other federal and municipal investigations have been conducted, most of which support the conclusions reached", "title": "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson" }, { "id": "1981569", "score": "1.6948252", "text": "assassination. Their report concluded that the investigation on the assassination by FBI and CIA were fundamentally deficient and the facts that have greatly affected the investigation had not been forwarded to the Warren Commission by the agencies. The report hinted that there was a possibility that senior officials in both agencies made conscious decisions not to disclose potentially important information. As a result of increasing public and congressional skepticism regarding the Warren Commission's findings and the transparency of government agencies, House Resolution 1540 was passed in September 1976, creating the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) to investigate", "title": "Assassination of John F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "1981565", "score": "1.6943038", "text": "transcripts of Johnson's presidential phone conversations, some major officials were opposed to forming such a commission, and several commission members took part only with extreme reluctance. One of their chief reservations was that a commission would ultimately create more controversy than consensus, and those fears ultimately proved valid. All of the Warren Commission's records were submitted to the National Archives in 1964. The unpublished portion of those records was initially sealed for 75 years (to 2039) under a general National Archives policy that applied to all federal investigations by the executive branch of government, a period \"intended to serve as", "title": "Assassination of John F. Kennedy" }, { "id": "11028538", "score": "1.6883843", "text": "to September 30, 1998. When the Act was passed in 1992, 98 percent of all Warren Commission documents had been released to the public. By the time the Board disbanded, all Warren Commission documents, except income tax returns, had been released to the public, with only minor redactions. The ARRB collected evidence starting in 1992, then produced its final report in 1998. The ARRB was not enacted to determine why or by whom the murder was committed but to collect and preserve the evidence for public scrutiny. After the enactment of the federal law that created the ARRB, the Board", "title": "President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992" }, { "id": "776628", "score": "1.6877635", "text": "that Oswald had acted alone. In the years following the release of its report and 26 investigatory evidence volumes in 1964, the Warren Commission has been frequently criticized for some of its methods, important omissions, and conclusions. In 1992, following popular political pressure in the wake of the film \"JFK\", the Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB) was created by the JFK Records Act to collect and preserve the documents relating to the assassination. In a footnote in its final report, the ARRB wrote: \"Doubts about the Warren Commission's findings were not restricted to ordinary Americans. Well before 1978, President Johnson,", "title": "Warren Commission" }, { "id": "1563797", "score": "1.6609786", "text": "in 1963. Due to the serendipitous nature of Thornley's choice of literary subject matter, he was called to testify before the Warren Commission in Washington, D.C. on May 18, 1964. The Commission subpoenaed a copy of the manuscript and stored it in the National Archives, and the book remained unpublished until 1991. In 1965, Thornley published another book titled \"Oswald\", generally defending the \"Oswald-as-lone-assassin\" conclusion of the Warren Commission. In January 1968, New Orleans district attorney Jim Garrison, certain there had been a New Orleans-based conspiracy to assassinate John F. Kennedy, subpoenaed Thornley to appear before a grand jury, questioning", "title": "Kerry Wendell Thornley" }, { "id": "5465789", "score": "1.6597931", "text": "Lane continued to search for clues for Oswald's innocence. He was called to testify before the Commission but was not permitted to cross-examine witnesses. According to R. Andrew Kiel in \"J. Edgar Hoover: The Father of the Cold War\", \"After the Warren Commission's final report was completed in September 1964, Lane interviewed numerous witnesses ignored by the Commission.\" For Lane, Commission chairman Chief Justice Earl Warren had only contempt. According to biographer Ed Cray, Warren \"deemed Lane a publicity seeker who 'played fast and loose' with the subject.\" Warren maintained prior to his death that the Commission had investigated all", "title": "Mark Lane (author)" }, { "id": "776629", "score": "1.6488444", "text": "Robert Kennedy, and four of the seven members of the Warren Commission all articulated, if sometimes off the record, some level of skepticism about the Commission's basic findings.\" Three other U.S. government investigations have agreed with the Warren Commission's conclusion that two shots struck JFK from the rear: the 1968 panel set by Attorney General Ramsey Clark, the 1975 Rockefeller Commission, and the 1978-79 House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA), which reexamined the evidence with the help of the largest forensics panel. The HSCA involved Congressional hearings and ultimately concluded that Oswald assassinated Kennedy, probably as the result of a", "title": "Warren Commission" }, { "id": "2925253", "score": "1.6440086", "text": "the subject. She obtained a copy of Jack Ruby's testimony to the Warren Commission, which she published in August 1964 on the front pages of the \"Journal American\", the \"Philadelphia Inquirer\", the \"Seattle Post-Intelligencer\", and other newspapers. Most of that testimony did not become officially available to the public until the commission released its 26 volumes of hearings and exhibits in November 1964, around the time of the first anniversary of the assassination. On November 8, 1965, Kilgallen was found dead on the third floor of her five-story Manhattan townhouse. Her death was determined to have been caused by a", "title": "Dorothy Kilgallen" }, { "id": "797715", "score": "1.6417352", "text": "with investigating the assassination. Many individuals, both inside and outside of the United States, suspected that Kennedy had been assassinated as part of a conspiracy by Cuba, right-wing groups, or various other organizations. From December 1963 to October 1964, Warren simultaneously served chief justice of the Supreme Court and chairman of the Warren Commission. It was an unhappy experience for the chief justice. As a judge, he valued candor and justice, but as a politician he recognized the need for secrecy in some matters. He insisted that the commission report should be unanimous, and so he compromised on a number", "title": "Earl Warren" }, { "id": "776625", "score": "1.640901", "text": "remaining Kennedy assassination related documents were partly released to the public on October 26, 2017, twenty-five years after the passage of the JFK Records Act. President Donald Trump, as directed by the FBI and the CIA, took action on that date to withhold certain remaining files, delaying the release until April 26, 2018, then on April 26, 2018 took action to further withhold the records \"until 2021\". CIA Director McCone was \"complicit\" in a Central Intelligence Agency \"benign cover-up\" by withholding information from the Warren Commission, according to a report by the CIA Chief Historian David Robarge released to the", "title": "Warren Commission" } ]

[ "Turkie", "Türkiye Respublikası", "tuerkiye cumhuriyeti", "tuerkiye", "turkish republic", "turkiye cumhuriyeti", "republic of turkiye", "TURKEY", "Republic of Turkiye", "Türkiye Respublikasi", "Turkiye Cumhuriyeti", "Türkiye Cumhuriyeti", "turkey state", "etymology of turkey", "turkia", "Turkish Republic", "TurkeY", "Republic of Turkey", "Etymology of Turkey", "turkey country", "Turky", "turquie", "turquia", "Terky", "Turkia", "Turkey (country)", "Turquie", "Türkei", "Tuerkiye Cumhuriyeti", "Turkey", "turkei", "türkiye respublikası", "türkei", "terky", "Turkey (state)", "Türkiye", "türkiye", "Tuerkiye", "Turkey (Country)", "turkey", "ISO 3166-1:TR", "türkiye cumhuriyeti", "tuerkei", "turky", "Turkey (nation)", "turkiye", "Turkei", "The Republic of Turkey", "türkiye respublikasi", "Turquia", "Tuerkei", "Republic of turkey", "Turkish republic", "turkey nation", "iso 3166 1 tr", "republic of turkey", "turkie", "Turkiye" ]

[ { "id": "298415", "score": "1.6884949", "text": "in 1536 and taken further with capitulations in 1673 and 1740, which lowered duties to 3% for imports and exports. The liberal Ottoman policies were praised by British economists such as J. R. McCulloch in his \"Dictionary of Commerce\" (1834), but later criticized by British politicians such as Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, who cited the Ottoman Empire as \"an instance of the injury done by unrestrained competition\" in the 1846 Corn Laws debate. A population estimate for the empire of 11,692,480 for the 1520–1535 period was obtained by counting the households in Ottoman tithe registers, and multiplying this number by", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "2834019", "score": "1.671632", "text": "attention to the massacres, but they failed to gain any help. The Ottoman Empire had long been the \"sick man of Europe\" and after a series of Balkan wars by 1914 had been driven out of nearly all of Europe and North Africa. It still controlled 28 million people, of whom 17 million were in modern-day Turkey, 3 million in Syria, Lebanon and Palestine, and 2.5 million in Iraq. Another 5.5 million people were under nominal Ottoman rule in the Arabian peninsula. The Second Constitutional Era began after the Young Turk Revolution (3 July 1908) with the sultan's announcement of", "title": "History of the Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "298328", "score": "1.6707585", "text": "into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror. During the 16th and 17th centuries, at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling most of Southeast Europe, parts of Central Europe, Western Asia, parts of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, North Africa and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century, the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "14180145", "score": "1.6695337", "text": "Muslim countries, the Islamic calendar. Its era begins from the Hijra in 622 CE and each year is calculated using the 12 Arabian lunar months, approximately eleven days shorter than a Gregorian solar year. In 1839, however, a second calendar was put in use for official matters. The new calendar, which was called the Rumi also began by 622, but with an annual duration equal to a solar year after 1840. In modern Turkey, the Gregorian calendar was adopted as the legal calendar, beginning by the end of 1925. The Islamic calendar is still used when discussing dates in an", "title": "Ottoman units of measurement" }, { "id": "201384", "score": "1.6689816", "text": "the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries. With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late nineteenth century. The empire allied with Germany in the early 20th century, with the", "title": "Imperialism" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Constantinople" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Georgia (country)\n\nGeorgia (, ; ) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, by Russia to the north and northeast, by Turkey to the southwest, by Armenia to the south, and by Azerbaijan to the southeast. The country covers an area of , and has a population of 3.7 million people. Tbilisi is its capital as well as its largest city, home to roughly a third of the Georgian population.\n\nDuring the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. In the early 4th century, ethnic Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the spiritual and political unification of the early Georgian states. In the Middle Ages, the unified Kingdom of Georgia emerged and reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 12th and early 13th centuries. Thereafter, the kingdom declined and eventually disintegrated under the hegemony of various regional powers, including the Mongols, the Turks, and various dynasties of Persia. In 1783, one of the Georgian kingdoms entered into an alliance with the Russian Empire, which proceeded to annex the territory of modern Georgia in a piecemeal fashion throughout the 19th century.\n\nAfter the Russian Revolution in 1917, Georgia emerged as an independent republic under German protection. Following World War I, Georgia was invaded and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1922, becoming one of its constituent republics. By the 1980s, an independence movement emerged and grew quickly, leading to Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991. For most of the subsequent decade, post-Soviet Georgia suffered from economic crisis, political instability, ethnic conflict, and secessionist wars in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Following the bloodless Rose Revolution in 2003, Georgia strongly pursued a pro-Western foreign policy; it introduced a series of democratic and economic reforms aimed at integration into the European Union and NATO. The country's Western orientation soon led to worsening relations with Russia, which culminated in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008; Russia has since been occupying a portion of Georgia.\n\nGeorgia is a representative democracy governed as a unitary parliamentary republic. It is a developing country with a very high Human Development Index. Economic reforms since independence have led to higher levels of economic freedom, as well as reductions in corruption indicators, poverty, and unemployment. It was one of the first countries in the world to legalize cannabis, becoming the only former-socialist state to do so. The country is a member of international organizations, such as the Council of Europe, the OSCE, Eurocontrol, the EBRD, the BSEC, the GUAM, the ADB, the WTO, and the Energy Community.", "title": "Georgia (country)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "History of Anatolia\n\nThe history of Anatolia (often referred to in historical sources as Asia Minor) can be roughly subdivided into: Prehistory of Anatolia (up to the end of the 3rd millennium BCE), Ancient Anatolia (including Hattian, Hittite and post-Hittite periods), Classical Anatolia (including Achaemenid, Hellenistic and Roman periods), Byzantine Anatolia (later overlapping, since the 11th century, with the gradual Seljuk and Ottoman conquest), Ottoman Anatolia (14th–20th centuries) and the Modern Anatolia, since the creation of the Republic of Turkey.", "title": "History of Anatolia" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Turkey" }, { "id": "2834016", "score": "1.6665455", "text": "the Balkans and the Caucasus as well as a plurality in southern Russia and also in some parts of Romania. Most of these lands were lost with time by the Ottoman Empire between the 19th and 20th centuries. By 1923, only Anatolia and eastern Thrace remained Muslim land. After gaining some amount of autonomy during the early 1800s, Egypt had entered into a period of political turmoil by the 1880s. In April 1882, British and French warships appeared in Alexandria to support the khedive and prevent the country from falling into the hands of anti-European nationals. In August 1882 British", "title": "History of the Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "2842625", "score": "1.6640985", "text": "Military of the Ottoman Empire The history of the military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years between 1300 (Byzantine expedition) and 1453 (Fall of Constantinople), the classical period covers the years between 1451 (enthronement of Sultan Mehmed II) and 1606 (Peace of Zsitvatorok), the reformation period covers the years between 1606 and 1826 (Vaka-i Hayriye), the modernisation period covers the years between 1826 and 1858 and decline period covers the years between 1861 (enthronement of Sultan Abdülaziz) and 1918 (Armistice of Mudros). The earliest form of the Ottoman military", "title": "Military of the Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "6435804", "score": "1.6621549", "text": "outbreak of the First World War. The exact amount of annual income the Ottoman government received, is a matter of considerable debate, due to the scantness and ambiguous nature of the primary sources. The following table contains approximate estimates. Economic history of the Ottoman Empire Economic history of the Ottoman Empire covers the period 1299–1923. The economic history falls into two distinctive sub periods. The first is the classic era (enlargement), which comprised a closed agricultural economy, showing regional distinctions within the empire. The Second period was the reformation era that comprised state organized reforms, commencing with administrative and political", "title": "Economic history of the Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "131651", "score": "1.6583953", "text": "Empire's descendants established two smaller, short-lived empires in Asia Minor: the Empire of Nicaea (1204–1261) and the Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461). Constantinople was retaken in 1261 by the Byzantine successor state centered in Nicaea, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire until 1453, by which time the Turkish-Muslim Ottoman Empire (ca. 1300–1918), had conquered most of the region. The Ottoman Empire was a successor of the Abbasid Empire and it was the most powerful empire to succeed the Abbasi empires at the time, as well as one of the most powerful empires in the world. The Ottoman Empire centered on modern day Turkey,", "title": "Empire" }, { "id": "2833991", "score": "1.6564965", "text": "\"de jure\" in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavia as a diversion was followed by the main revolution in the Peloponnese, which, along with the northern part of the Gulf of Corinth, became the first parts of the Ottoman empire to achieve independence (in 1829). By the mid-19th century, the Ottoman Empire was called the \"sick man\" by Europeans. The suzerain states – the Principality of Serbia, Wallachia, Moldavia and Montenegro – moved towards \"de jure\" independence during the 1860s and 1870s. During this period, the empire faced challenges in", "title": "History of the Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "6714673", "score": "1.6561935", "text": "17th century, the Ottoman Empire (1299–1923) was a realistic military, cultural, and religious threat to (Western) Europe. In \"Disraeli as an Orientalist: The Polemical Errors of Edward Said\" (2005), Mark Proudman noted incorrect 19th-century history in \"Orientalism\", that the geographic extent of the British Empire was not from Egypt to India in the 1880s, because the Ottoman Empire and the Persian Empire in that time intervened between those poles of empire. Moreover, at the zenith of the imperial era, European colonial power in the Eastern world never was absolute, it was relative and much dependent upon local collaborators — princes,", "title": "Orientalism (book)" }, { "id": "2834027", "score": "1.6547909", "text": "Russian Empire in the Caucasus (in present-day Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan), which they had gained towards the end of World War I, following Russia's retreat from the war with the Russian Revolution in 1917. Under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres, the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire was solidified. The new countries created from the former territories of the Ottoman Empire currently number 39. The occupation of Constantinople along with the occupation of İzmir mobilized the establishment of the Turkish national movement, which won the Turkish War of Independence (1919–23) under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha. The Sultanate", "title": "History of the Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "298377", "score": "1.6510439", "text": "of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) began with the Second Constitutional Era, a moment of hope and promise established with the Young Turk Revolution. It restored the Ottoman constitution of 1876 and brought in multi-party politics with a two-stage electoral system (electoral law) under the Ottoman parliament. The constitution offered hope by freeing the empire’s citizens to modernize the state’s institutions, rejuvenate its strength, and enable it to hold its own against outside powers. Its guarantee of liberties promised to dissolve inter-communal tensions and transform the empire into a more harmonious place. Instead, this period became the story of the twilight", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "2030376", "score": "1.6500834", "text": "Ottoman Empire until it declared independence in 1912, during the Balkan Wars. The Ottomans expanded their control from Anatolia to the Balkans in the middle of the 14th century. They entered European territory in 1352, and they defeated a Serbian army in the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. Ottoman pressure lessened in 1402 when the Mongol leader, Tamerlane, attacked Anatolia from the east, killed the Sultan, and sparked a civil war. When order was restored, the Ottomans renewed their westward progress. In 1453, Sultan Mehmed II's forces overran Constantinople and killed the last Byzantine emperor. The division of the Albanian-populated", "title": "Albania under the Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "11481420", "score": "1.6491501", "text": "Aegean Sea. It was fundamentally the same empire throughout history, and its successive leaders sought to unify its respective peoples. From the Persian Empire of Darius the Great, it fell into the hands of Alexander the Great, then to the Hellenistic Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and finally the Sunni Ottoman Empire until 1923–1924, even though originally the Ottoman Dynasty was Alevo. That is why the Janissaries followed the Bektashi-Alevi religion. This Central Empire had been subject to attempts by other empires to seize succession, situated along its periphery, the Caliphate, the Persian Empire and the Russian Empire (until 1917).", "title": "Intermediate Region" }, { "id": "11658731", "score": "1.6466553", "text": "until 1919. The Ottomans were strong proponents of Sunni Islam. In the 13th century, the kingdom was only in a small portion of northwest Anatolia but by the 16th century, it expanded to the heartland of the Byzantine Empire and its capital, Constantinople. The height of the Ottoman Empire occurred under the sultans Selim the Grim, also known as Selim I (1512–1520) and Suleyman the Magnificent (1520–1566). Under their reigns, the Turks conquered Egypt, Syria, and the North coast of Africa, the Red Sea, the island of Rhodes, and the Balkans all the way to the Great Hungarian Plain. Many", "title": "Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe" }, { "id": "4289564", "score": "1.6456227", "text": "from Muslim Malay settlements of Bukit (Phuket), Setol (Satun), Pantai ni (Pattani) bordering Ayutthaya Kingdom of Siam (Thailand) in the north to Sumatra in the southwest. The Portuguese invaded its capital in 1511 and in 1528 the Sultanate of Johor was established by a Malaccan prince to succeed Malacca. During the early modern era, the Ottoman state enjoyed an expansion and consolidation of power, leading to a \"Pax Ottomana\". This was perhaps the golden age of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans expanded southwest into North Africa while battling with the re-emergent Persian Shi'a Safavid Empire to the east. In the", "title": "Early modern period" }, { "id": "2833950", "score": "1.6451426", "text": "Grand National Assembly in Ankara in November 1922 following the Turkish War of Independence (1919–23). With the demise of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum (c. 1300), Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent states, the so-called Anatolian Beyliks. By 1300, a weakened Byzantine Empire had lost most of its Anatolian provinces to these Turkish principalities. One of the beyliks was led by Osman I (d. 1323/4), from which the name Ottoman is derived, son of Ertuğrul, around Eskişehir in western Anatolia. In the foundation myth expressed in the story known as \"Osman's Dream\", the young Osman was inspired to", "title": "History of the Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "19730040", "score": "1.6439958", "text": "permanent one. In comparison with earlier periods of Ottoman history, the empire's territory remained relatively stable, stretching from Algeria in the west to Iraq in the east, and from Arabia in the south to Hungary in the north. The pace of expansion slowed during the second half of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–66), as the Ottomans sought to consolidate the vast conquests carried out between 1514 and 1541, but did not come to an end. After making peace with Austria in 1568, the Ottomans launched the 1570–73 Ottoman-Venetian War, conquering Cyprus and most of Dalmatia. A naval campaign", "title": "Transformation of the Ottoman Empire" }, { "id": "7211580", "score": "1.6423317", "text": "lost almost all of its European territories, until its collapse in 1922, when the former empire was transformed into the nation of Turkey. Between 1354 (when the Ottomans crossed into Europe at Gallipoli) and 1526, the Empire had conquered the territory of present-day Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia, and Hungary. The Empire laid siege to Vienna in 1683. The intervention of the Polish King broke the siege, and from then afterwards the Ottomans battled the Habsburg Emperors until 1699, when the Treaty of Karlowitz forced them to surrender Hungary and portions of present-day Croatia, Slovenia, and Serbia.", "title": "Islam in Europe" } ]

[ "Geometrical space", "Three-Space", "Space (astronomy)", "Three-space", "Space", "three space", "Physical space", "spacial", "space", "Space (physics)", "physical space", "space philosophy", "Spacial", "geometrical space", "space physics", "space astronomy", "Space (philosophy)" ]

[ { "id": "2426755", "score": "1.7388234", "text": "Dennis Tito Dennis Anthony Tito (born August 8, 1940) is an American engineer and multimillionaire, most widely known as the first space tourist to fund his own trip into space. In mid-2001, he spent nearly eight days in orbit as a crew member of ISS EP-1, a visiting mission to the International Space Station. This mission was launched by the spacecraft Soyuz TM-32, and was landed by Soyuz TM-31. Tito was born in Queens, New York. He graduated from Forest Hills High School in New York City. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Astronautics and Aeronautics from New", "title": "Dennis Tito" }, { "id": "771058", "score": "1.7028184", "text": "potential space tourists to visit Mir in order to offset some of its maintenance costs. Dennis Tito, an American businessman and former JPL scientist, became their first candidate. When the decision was made to de-orbit Mir, Tito managed to switch his trip to the International Space Station (ISS) through a deal between MirCorp and US-based Space Adventures, Ltd. Dennis Tito visited the ISS for seven days in April-May 2001, becoming the world's first \"fee-paying\" space tourist. Tito was followed in April 2002 by South African Mark Shuttleworth (Soyuz TM-34). The third was Gregory Olsen in October 2005 (Soyuz TMA-7). In", "title": "Space tourism" }, { "id": "2426759", "score": "1.679572", "text": "arrangement with space tourism company Space Adventures, Ltd., Tito joined the Soyuz TM-32 mission on April 28, 2001, spending 7 days, 22 hours, 4 minutes in space and orbiting Earth 128 times. Tito performed several scientific experiments in orbit that he said would be useful for his company and business. Tito paid a reported $20 million for his trip. Since returning from space, he has testified at the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science & Transportation, Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space and the House Committee on Science, Subcommittee on Space & Aeronautics Joint Hearing on \"Commercial Human Spaceflight\" on July", "title": "Dennis Tito" }, { "id": "11282264", "score": "1.6375242", "text": "he became the first space tourist to visit the International Space Station. Dennis Tito was not the first \"amateur\" to blast into space. Previously, Japanese TV journalist Toyohiro Akiyama had flown on a commercial mission to the Russian space station Mir. Tito was the first to pay for his own ticket, thus earning the designation of the first space tourist. The Tito mission took place in the context of the controversy over the decision by the major Russian space company RSC Energia to work with MirCorp to create a commercial space station. The NASA space agency immediately cancelled planned high", "title": "MirCorp" }, { "id": "16838942", "score": "1.635621", "text": "Station (ISS). In 1999, he reached an agreement with the Russian space agency to purchase seats on the Soyuz on behalf of private citizens. He sold the first seat to money manager Dennis Tito for $20 million. In 2001, Tito was part of a group of astronauts who were launched into orbit and visited the ISS, the first time a private citizen had paid to fly to orbit. In his work with Space Adventures, Anderson has been widely credited as the first to monetize spaceflight and demonstrate the viability of a commercial market for space travel, by proving there is", "title": "Eric C. Anderson" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Space tourism\n\nSpace tourism is human space travel for recreational purposes. There are several different types of space tourism, including orbital, suborbital and lunar space tourism.\n\nDuring the period from 2001 to 2009, seven space tourists made eight space flights aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft to the International Space Station, brokered by Space Adventures in conjunction with Roscosmos and RSC Energia. The publicized price was in the range of US$20–25 million per trip. Some space tourists have signed contracts with third parties to conduct certain research activities while in orbit. By 2007, space tourism was thought to be one of the earliest markets that would emerge for commercial spaceflight.\n\nRussia halted orbital space tourism in 2010 due to the increase in the International Space Station crew size, using the seats for expedition crews that would previously have been sold to paying spaceflight participants. Orbital tourist flights were set to resume in 2015 but the planned flight was postponed indefinitely. Russian orbital tourism eventually resumed with the launch of Soyuz MS-20 in 2021.\n\nOn June 7, 2019, NASA announced that starting in 2020, the organization aims to start allowing private astronauts to go on the International Space Station, with the use of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and the Boeing Starliner spacecraft for public astronauts, which is planned to be priced at 35,000 USD per day for one astronaut, and an estimated 50 million USD for the ride there and back.\n\nWork also continues towards developing suborbital space tourism vehicles. This is being done by aerospace companies like Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic. SpaceX announced in 2018 that they are planning on sending space tourists, including Yusaku Maezawa, on a free-return trajectory around the Moon on the Starship.", "title": "Space tourism" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Dennis Tito\n\nDennis Anthony Tito (born August 8, 1940) is an American engineer and entrepreneur. In mid-2001, he became the first space tourist to fund his own trip into space, when he spent nearly eight days in orbit as a crew member of ISS EP-1, a visiting mission to the International Space Station. This mission was launched by the spacecraft Soyuz TM-32, and was landed by Soyuz TM-31.", "title": "Dennis Tito" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Space Adventures\n\nSpace Adventures, Inc. is an American space tourism company founded in 1998 by Eric C. Anderson. Its offerings include zero-gravity atmospheric flights, orbital spaceflights (with the option to participate in a spacewalk), and other spaceflight-related experiences including cosmonaut training, spacewalk training, and launch tours. Plans announced thus far include sub-orbital and lunar spaceflights, though these are not being actively pursued at present. Nine of its clients have participated in the orbital spaceflight program with Space Adventures, including one who took two separate trips to space.", "title": "Space Adventures" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of billionaire spacetravellers\n\nThis is a list of billionaire (USD) space travellers.<ref name=Slate-20210608/><ref name=SraitsTimes-20210712/>\n\n", "title": "List of billionaire spacetravellers" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Eric C. Anderson\n\nEric C. Anderson (born 1974) is an American entrepreneur and aerospace engineer. He is the co-founder and chairman of Space Adventures Ltd., the first commercial spaceflight company, which has arranged for eight missions for privately funded individuals to the International Space Station since 2001. Anderson is widely credited as having established the market for commercial spaceflight. He is also a founding partner of Space Angels Network, CEO of Intentional Software Corporation, co-founder and chairman of Planetary Power, Inc., co-founder and co-chairman of Planetary Resources and chairman of Personal.com and Booster Fuels.", "title": "Eric C. Anderson" }, { "id": "771068", "score": "1.5946512", "text": "in the nearly two decades since Dennis Tito journeyed to the International Space Station, eight private citizens have paid the $20 million fee to travel to space. Space Adventures suggests that this number could increase fifteen-fold by 2020. These figures do not include other private space agencies such as Virgin Galactic, which as of 2014 has sold approximately 700 tickets priced at $200,000 or $250,000 dollars each and has accepted more than $80 million in deposits. Space tourism Space tourism is space travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. There are several different types of space tourism, including orbital, suborbital", "title": "Space tourism" }, { "id": "4092632", "score": "1.5676167", "text": "to be the tourist was the Brazilian businessman José Roberto Penteado. When Penteado started to get media attention, including an offer to be in a Volkswagen commercial, a 25-year-old Hungarian man, Péter Guzli, came forward as the real tourist. Guzli says, however, that he does not want publicity and did not originally release his last name. Guzli took the photo on November 28, 1997, and was also responsible for the initial edit. He said he edited the image for a few friends, not realizing it would spread so quickly across the Internet. He first provided the original undoctored photo and", "title": "Tourist guy" }, { "id": "10973151", "score": "1.5411389", "text": "below the surface of every country visited. The trip was completed on a $20/day budget. In many ways this trip became the inspiration for Samra's later career change and the founding of his Adventure Travel company Wild Guanabana. At the age of 16, Samra had the opportunity to travel to Switzerland and climb a small mountain there. It was the first time he'd seen snow let alone walk in it. Climbing a small mountain there left a big impression on the young Samra and it is then that he set himself the ambition of one day climbing the highest mountain", "title": "Omar Samra" }, { "id": "19933571", "score": "1.4806161", "text": "promote sex tourism. He told the Florida Keys News that, “In their mind, by me posting things or telling others how to safely do this, I’m promoting prostitution. There are lots of other things to do in Costa Rica. That part of it is only part of the trip, but they’re trying to make this look like that’s all my focus is.”. Strecker was unable to fund his own legal defense and, with the help of Dennis Eatmon, created a legal defense fund. According to his website CubaDave.com, Strecker was able to raise a total of $1500.00, and needed to", "title": "David Strecker" }, { "id": "19372266", "score": "1.4775796", "text": "in 1958. From 1954 to 1955, Walinska journeyed around the world by herself on prop planes, keeping a diary which is now in the collection of the Smithsonian Archives of American Art. The six-month trip began in New York City and continued to Honolulu, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Burma, New Delhi, Karachi, Cyprus, Israel, Istanbul, Athens, Rome, Perugia, Florence, Venice, Pompei, Naples, Sorrento, Capri, Nice, Barcelona, Madrid, Toledo, Lisbon, and finally to Bermuda, where she noted in her diary that the single room rate at the Elbow Beach Surf Club ran from $14–25. The high point of the trip was", "title": "Anna Walinska" }, { "id": "2426760", "score": "1.4654117", "text": "24, 2003. Ten years after his flight, he gave an interview to BBC News about it. In February 2013, Tito announced his intention to send a privately financed spaceflight to Mars by 2018, stating that the technology is already in place and that the issues that need to be overcome are only the requirements of the rigor of a 501-day trip on a psychological and physical level for the human crew. However, in November 2013, Tito and other Mars Inspiration team members admitted that their plan was impossible without significant levels of assistance and funding from NASA. Dennis Tito Dennis", "title": "Dennis Tito" }, { "id": "10725462", "score": "1.4641762", "text": "Lisanevich convinced a group of 20 tourists from Kolkata, mostly women, to come to Nepal in 1955 and then proceeded to have an intense discussion with the newly crowned King Mahendra about granting them a 15-day visa. Finally the king relented, the guests arrived and Boris held the country’s first handicraft exhibition. In 1951 Lisanevich opened the country's first hotel, The Hotel Royal, in a converted Rana Palace. He went on to open the famous Restaurant \"The Chimney\", which he later expanded into what is now the Yak & Yeti Hotel. He subsequently lost control of the hotel to his", "title": "Boris Lisanevich" }, { "id": "16838943", "score": "1.4436798", "text": "demand for space tourism. In 2008, \"Smart CEO\" reported that Anderson's company was \"the only firm in the world to have sold space flights that have actually been realized\". , Anderson has sold nearly half a billion in space missions, and his company had arranged for all seven missions of private citizens, including Dennis Tito, Guy Laliberte and Charles Simonyi to visit the ISS. Anderson has stated that he sees tourism as a catalyst for the commercialization of space through encouraging development of cheaper transportation into space, which will eventually allow humanity to develop and colonize space, including the development", "title": "Eric C. Anderson" }, { "id": "19760950", "score": "1.4432606", "text": "it was found out that she was the only one able to drive the truck at their disposal that had a 27 foot covered bed and a complicated gearing system. Their guide unfortunately abandoned everyone on the tour during Christmas with all their money - they eventually found him enjoying the nudist beaches in Palermo, Italy and got what money was left, back form him. She now had $500 and time on her hands she headed for Garmisch-Partenkirchen to visit a friend and the village of Absam where Jacob Stainer had lived and had built his superb violins some 300", "title": "Priscilla Paetsch" }, { "id": "11496044", "score": "1.443084", "text": "fire. In 1946, Xavier Cugat was paid a reported $22,000 for a two-week stint at Cal Neva Lodge—this was reportedly the first nationally famous band to perform there. Ownership was transferred once again on March 21, 1955, when a group led by Bert \"Wingy\" Grober purchased the lodge for $1 million. During this period, the hotel was frequented by members of the Kennedy family including John F. and his brother Robert. Author Scott Lankford claims that John F. used the lodge to carry on an \"endless series of extramarital affairs with wealthy divorcees and Tahoe's notoriously ubiquitous prostitutes\". The lodge", "title": "Cal Neva Lodge & Casino" }, { "id": "243544", "score": "1.4422467", "text": "of growth during the 1990s and became the most visited online destination in the world in 1999, with a global presence in more than 40 countries. In 1996, the company completed the fastest initial public offering from inception to offering in NASDAQ (LCOS) history. In 1997, it became one of the first profitable internet businesses in the world. In 1998, Lycos paid $58 million for Tripod.com in an attempt to \"break into the portal market.\" Over the course of the next few years, Lycos acquired nearly two dozen internet brands including Gamesville, WhoWhere, Wired News (eventually sold to Wired), Quote.com,", "title": "Lycos" }, { "id": "2928182", "score": "1.4338992", "text": "century, tourism had significantly grown throughout the world. The World Tourism Organisation (WTO, 1998) recorded that, in 1950, arrivals of tourists from abroad, excluding same-day visits, numbered about 25.2 million. By 1997, the figure was 612.8 million. In 1950 receipts from international movements were US$2.1 billion, in 1997 they were $443.7 billion. The travel and tourism industry in the United States was among the first commercial casualties of the September 11 attacks, a series of terrorist attacks on the U.S. Terrorists used four commercial airliners as weapons of destruction, all of which were destroyed in the attacks on New York", "title": "Tourism in the United States" }, { "id": "199552", "score": "1.4311711", "text": "and NASA initially resisted training Dennis Tito, the first man to pay for his own passage to the ISS. Anousheh Ansari became the first Iranian in space and the first self-funded woman to fly to the station. Officials reported that her education and experience make her much more than a tourist, and her performance in training had been \"excellent.\" Ansari herself dismisses the idea that she is a tourist. She did Russian and European studies involving medicine and microbiology during her 10-day stay. The documentary \"Space Tourists\" follows her journey to the station, where she fulfilled \"an age-old dream of", "title": "International Space Station" }, { "id": "18272419", "score": "1.4302083", "text": "for his trip. He wanted to visit as many UNESCO sites as many he could. In 2005, he sold everything he owned and started his journey on a BMW F650GS Dakar. Karl started from his home in Newport Beach, California, travelled up to Alaska, across Canada, down to Mexico, and around Central and South America before heading to Africa, Europe, and Asia. Initially, he had just planned to travel to Panama, but he kept extending his trip. After crossing the Panama Canal, Karl entered Colombia where several families let him stay at their homes. When he reached the southern border,", "title": "Allan Karl" }, { "id": "15940027", "score": "1.4301866", "text": "and experienced guides stationed in four countries. The team is driven by the love of travelling and the joy of expanding people's horizons to new and exciting places. In March 2004 Graeme Barker and TJ Hermiston gathered their savings and launched Beach Travellers. To promote their company, the two founders drove across Canada for three months, stopping at Canadian universities to set up information booths. This was executed again the following year. By 2004 TJ Hermiston and Graeme Baker had stirred up enough interest to take fifteen clients on a tour to Thailand. The trip was successful and from that", "title": "Beach Travellers" } ]

[ "McDonald's Corp", "Mcdonald's", "macky d", "mckinley mac", "mackey d s", "macdoh", "mcdonald s archive 1", "salads plus", "Mcdo", "Macky d's", "mcdonald s restaurant", "mcdonald s corp", "Mckinley mac", "macdonalds", "mchappy day", "Mcdonalds Corp", "McDonald's Restaraunt", "McDonalds Corporation", "McDonald's Drive-In", "Mc.donalds", "der schotte", "double beef and bacon", "mcdonald s drive in", "Mickey D's", "QSCV", "Salads Plus", "mankdonalds", "criticisms of mcdonald s", "Mcdonalds", "Placcy-D's", "McDonald's", "mcdonalds corp", "Mackey D's", "Placcy D's", "Mickey-D's", "Mackey-D's", "mcd", "mcdonald s corporation", "mcdonalds com", "McDonalds.com", "mc donalds", "McDonald's Singapore", "McDonald's Restaurant", "placcy d s", "McDonalds's", "mickey d", "McDonald’s", "List of assets owned by McDonald's", "McDonalds Restaurants", "Maccy d's", "macdonald s", "criticism of mcdonald s", "Criticisms of McDonald's", "The McDonald's Corporation", "mcdonalds", "McDonalds", "Mcdonalds Corporation", "Mcdonald's Corp.", "McDonald's/Archive 1", "mcdonald s restaraunt", "McDonals", "McDonald's restaurants", "Hankook McDonald's", "Speedee", "MdDonalds", "Aboutmcdonalds.com", "Mc Donald's", "Criticism of McDonald's", "We love to see you smile", "mcdonalds s", "Mc donalds", "McDonald's Restaurants", "we love to see you smile", "mickey d s", "mc donald s", "McDonald's Corporation", "MacDonald's", "McDonald’s Corporation", "Mcmichigan.com", "aboutmcdonalds com", "mcdonald s restaurants", "MacDoh", "Der Schotte", "macca s", "Maccas", "mcdonald s", "Global impact of McDonald's", "mcdonald s hamburgers", "mcmichigan com", "Mcdonald's corporation", "Double Beef and Bacon", "list of assets owned by mcdonald s", "Mc Donalds", "mcdo", "mddonalds", "McDonald/'s Corporation", "mcd s", "mcdonald s singapore", "mcdankee s", "speedee", "mcdonalds corporation", "McDo", "Micky D's", "Macky d", "McD", "mcdonals", "mac donalds", "qscv", "McD's", "Macca's", "mcdonalds restaurants", "McDonald's Hamburgers", "micky ds", "maccy d s", "hankook mcdonald s", "MacDonalds", "global impact of mcdonald s", "Mac Donalds", "McHappy Day", "McDonald's Corp.", "Mickey d", "MankDonalds", "McDankee's", "Yum Chums", "Micky Ds", "yum chums", "maccas", "macky d s", "Macdonald's", "micky d s" ]

[ { "id": "1912827", "score": "1.9396036", "text": "Ray Kroc Raymond Albert \"Ray\" Kroc (October 5, 1902 – January 14, 1984) was an American businessman. He joined the California company McDonald's in 1954, just a few months after the McDonald brothers had branched out from their original 1940 operation in San Bernardino, with Kroc turning the chain into a nationwide and eventually global franchise, making it the most successful fast food corporation in the world. Controversially, Kroc would present himself as the founder of McDonald's during his later life. Kroc was included in \"\", and amassed a fortune during his lifetime. He owned the San Diego Padres baseball", "title": "Ray Kroc" }, { "id": "1912848", "score": "1.735062", "text": "acquisition of the McDonald's franchise as well as his \"Kroc-style\" business tactics are the subject of Mark Knopfler's 2004 song \"Boom, Like That\". Kroc co-authored the book \"Grinding It Out\" released in 1977 and re-released in 2016; it served as the basis for a biographical movie about Kroc. Kroc is portrayed by Michael Keaton in the 2017 John Lee Hancock film \"The Founder\". The movie depicts Kroc's franchise development, nationwide expansion, and ultimate acquisition of McDonald's, while being critical of his treatment of the founding McDonald's brothers. Ray Kroc Raymond Albert \"Ray\" Kroc (October 5, 1902 – January 14, 1984)", "title": "Ray Kroc" }, { "id": "14691808", "score": "1.7108397", "text": "began to expand at a much faster rate when 52-year-old ice cream machinery salesman Ray Kroc took over as its chief executive. Kroc was the initiator of both McDonald's expansion across the United States and the definitive standardization of its burgers. He was not alone, however, as some of his co-workers were also very productive and innovative. McDonald's executive and food scientist Herb Peterson invented the McMuffin in 1972 and also the now famous greeting, \"May I have your order, please?\". In another key development, Jim Delligatti of the Pittsburgh franchise invented the Big Mac in 1967. The McDonald's successful", "title": "History of the hamburger" }, { "id": "1912842", "score": "1.6864834", "text": "to clients whose orders were not correct or to customers who had to wait more than five minutes for their food. By the time of Kroc's death, the chain had 7,500 outlets in the United States and 31 other countries and territories. The total system-wide sales of its restaurants were more than $8 billion in 1983, and his personal fortune amounted to some $600 million. Kroc retired from running McDonald's in 1974. While he was looking for new challenges, he decided to get back into baseball, his lifelong favorite sport, when he learned that the San Diego Padres were for", "title": "Ray Kroc" }, { "id": "11874130", "score": "1.6758654", "text": "Alphons Silbermann Alphons Silbermann (August 11, 1909 – March 4, 2000) was a German Jewish sociologist, musicologist, entrepreneur and publicist. Born in Cologne, he studied musicology, sociology and law at the Universities of Cologne, Freiburg i. Br. and Grenoble. After he gained his doctorate (Dr. jur.), the rise of Nazism led Silbermann to emigrate to the Netherlands and 1938 from Amsterdam via Paris, where he worked as a waiter, to Sydney. In Australia he started as a dishwasher but went soon from rags to riches with his own fast food restaurant \"Silver's Food Bars\". He initiated the first fastfood chain", "title": "Alphons Silbermann" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Fast-food restaurant\n\nA fast-food restaurant, also known as a quick-service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast-food cuisine and has minimal table service. The food served in fast-food restaurants is typically part of a \"meat-sweet diet\", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided. Fast-food restaurants are typically part of a restaurant chain or franchise operation that provides standardized ingredients and/or partially prepared foods and supplies to each restaurant through controlled supply channels. The term \"fast food\" was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam–Webster in 1951.\n\nArguably, the first fast-food restaurants originated in the United States with White Castle in 1921. Today, American-founded fast-food chains such as McDonald's (est. 1940) and KFC (est. 1952) are multinational corporations with outlets across the globe.\n\nVariations on the fast-food restaurant concept include fast-casual restaurants and catering trucks. Fast-casual restaurants have higher sit-in ratios, offering a hybrid between counter-service typical at fast-food restaurants and a traditional table service restaurant. Catering trucks (also called food trucks) often park just outside worksites and are popular with factory workers.", "title": "Fast-food restaurant" }, { "id": "18701040", "score": "1.6746194", "text": "critics, with praise for Keaton's performance. In 1954, Ray Kroc is an unsuccessful traveling salesman selling Prince Castle brand milkshake mixers. While he has a supportive wife, Ethel, and has saved enough to live a simple and comfortable life in Arlington Heights, Illinois, he craves more. Ray also observes that many of the drive-in restaurants that he tries to sell to are inefficiently run, with a long waiting time for orders and carhops more concerned with avoiding the groping from greasers than getting the orders right. After learning that a drive-in in San Bernardino is ordering an unusually large number", "title": "The Founder" }, { "id": "1912830", "score": "1.6693017", "text": "products, Kroc was impressed by Richard and Maurice McDonald who had purchased eight of his Multi-Mixers for their San Bernardino, California restaurant, and visited them in 1954. Kroc became convinced that the concept and design of this small chain had the potential to expand across the nation. Having been in approximately one thousand kitchens, Kroc believed the McDonald brothers had the best-run operation he had ever seen. The restaurant was clean, modern, mechanized, and the staff professional and well-groomed. Roadside hamburger restaurants were more often than not hangouts for motorcycle gangs and rebellious teenagers, and Kroc saw in McDonald's a", "title": "Ray Kroc" }, { "id": "16406584", "score": "1.6641858", "text": "offering quality meats. In 1955, Ray Kroc opened the first McDonald's restaurant in Des Plaines, Illinois with Otto & Sons as the supplier of fresh ground beef patties. When Cryogenic food processing, a method of preserving fresh food through liquid nitrogen freezing, emerged in the late 1960s, Otto & Sons accepted Kroc's offer to become one of McDonald's four meat suppliers. Later, a fifth supplier was added. In 1973, Otto & Sons opened its first high-volume meat plant in West Chicago with specially developed patty-forming machines and liquid nitrogen freezing tunnels. At the same time, it formed a separate unit", "title": "OSI Group" }, { "id": "9307714", "score": "1.6558642", "text": "him various restaurant equipment and sundries. The fellow was Ray Kroc who later bought the single California restaurant, McDonald's from two brothers and then in 1955, began to build it into what eventually became the largest fast food restaurant franchise in the world. Nat and Ray would meet up at various restaurant related conventions and they did remain personal friends until Nat's passing in 1978. In the 1960s, Nat built the Villa Hotel on Dominion St. and he paid CDN $1,000,000 for it. The cancelled check was framed and hung in his office until his passing. He said it was", "title": "Nat Bailey" }, { "id": "8105614", "score": "1.6539221", "text": "heavily to McDonald's success. In 1961 Kroc bought out the McDonald brothers for $2.7 million, aiming at making McDonald's the number one fast-food chain in the country. On May 3, 1960, Kroc assisted Christopher Boulos in opening a McDonald's franchise in DeKalb, Illinois. By 1965, the McDonald's at 805 W. Lincoln Highway sold over 4 million burgers and of fries. Boulos was the first Greek-American McDonald's franchise operator. In 1965, McDonald's Corporation went public. Common shares were offered at $22.50 per share. By the end of the first day's trading, the price had risen to $30. A block of 100", "title": "History of McDonald's" }, { "id": "4222898", "score": "1.6423727", "text": "developed a creative method for feeding hogs, before getting into the potato and vegetable processing business. By World War II, the J. R. Simplot Company had become the largest shipper of fresh potatoes in the nation. In 1967, Simplot and McDonald's founder Ray Kroc agreed by handshake that the Simplot Company would provide frozen french fries to the restaurant chain. Previously, restaurants had cut potatoes at each location for fresh french fries, but the favored russet potato was not available for three months in the summer, leading to a quality control problem. Simplot was able to supply frozen russet potatoes", "title": "J. R. Simplot" }, { "id": "656320", "score": "1.6374481", "text": "from the McDonald brothers, pioneered concepts which emphasized standardization. He introduced uniform products, identical in all respects at each outlet, to increase sales. Kroc also insisted on cutting food costs as much as possible, eventually using the McDonald's Corporation's size to force suppliers to conform to this ethos. Other prominent international fast food companies include Burger King, the number two hamburger chain in the world, known for promoting its customized menu offerings (\"Have it Your Way\"). Another international fast food chain is KFC, which sells Chicken-related products and is the number 1 Fast Food company in the People's Republic of", "title": "Fast food restaurant" }, { "id": "1912833", "score": "1.6368222", "text": "loyal customers, leaving Disneyland to open without a McDonald's restaurant. Journalist Eric Schlosser, writing in his book \"Fast Food Nation\", believes that this is a doctored retelling of the transaction by some McDonald's marketing executives. Most probably, the proposal was returned without approval. Kroc has been credited with making a number of innovative changes in the food-service franchise model. Chief among them was the sale of only single-store franchises instead of selling larger, territorial franchises which was common in the industry at the time. Kroc recognized that the sale of exclusive licenses for large markets was the quickest way for", "title": "Ray Kroc" }, { "id": "656308", "score": "1.6358128", "text": "to the normal one or two found in most restaurants of the time. Enticed by the success of the McDonald's concept, Kroc signed a franchise agreement with the brothers and began opening McDonald's restaurants in Illinois. By 1961, Kroc had bought out the brothers and created what is now the modern McDonald's Corporation. One of the major parts of his business plan was to promote cleanliness of his restaurants to growing groups of Americans that had become aware of food safety issues. As part of his commitment to cleanliness, Kroc often took part in cleaning his own Des Plaines, Illinois", "title": "Fast food restaurant" }, { "id": "1912841", "score": "1.6161621", "text": "Speaking to someone about the buyout, Richard McDonald reportedly said that he had no regrets. Kroc maintained the assembly line \"Speedee Service System\" for hamburger preparation that was introduced by the McDonald brothers in 1948. He standardized operations, ensuring every burger would taste the same in every restaurant. He set strict rules for franchisees on how the food was to be made, portion sizes, cooking methods and times, and packaging. Kroc also rejected cost-cutting measures like using soybean filler in the hamburger patties. These strict rules also were applied to customer service standards with such mandates that money be refunded", "title": "Ray Kroc" }, { "id": "656305", "score": "1.612416", "text": "competitors and emulators. What is certain, however, is that White Castle made the first significant effort to standardize the food production in, look of, and operation of fast-food hamburger restaurants. William Ingram's and Walter Anderson's White Castle System created the first fast food supply chain to provide meat, buns, paper goods, and other supplies to their restaurants, pioneered the concept of the multi-state hamburger restaurant chain, standardized the look and construction of the restaurants themselves, and even developed a construction division that manufactured and built the chain's prefabricated restaurant buildings. The McDonald's Speedee Service System and, much later, Ray Kroc's", "title": "Fast food restaurant" }, { "id": "11794180", "score": "1.6096189", "text": "to Chicago to look for work in 1948. That’s when she met Ray Kroc, who was looking for a bookkeeper to help handle his growing Multimixer milkshake business. “She had a presence that conveyed integrity and a restless native ability to deal with problems,” Ray recalled in his book, Grinding It Out. “This was enveloped in a warm, compassionate personality, a rare combination of traits. The fact that she had no bookkeeping experience bothered me not at all. I knew she would master the technical routines quickly.\" By 1955, Martino was doing double duty after Kroc opened his first McDonald's", "title": "June Martino" }, { "id": "16842052", "score": "1.6040583", "text": "easier to see from the road, creating the now familiar yellow double-arch structure. Businessman Ray Kroc joined McDonald's as a franchise agent in 1955. He subsequently purchased the chain from the McDonald brothers and oversaw its worldwide growth. Other chains were created to serve the increasingly mobile patron. Carl Karcher opened his first Carl's Jr. in 1956, and rapidly expanded, locating his restaurants near California's new freeway off-ramps. These restaurant models initially relied on the new and ubiquitous ownership of automobiles, and the willingness of patrons to dine in their automobiles. , drive-through service account for 65 percent of their", "title": "1950s American automobile culture" }, { "id": "656304", "score": "1.5993876", "text": "deal with the demand. Automats remained extremely popular throughout the 1920s and 1930s. The company also popularized the notion of \"take-out\" food, with their slogan \"Less work for Mother\". Some historians concur that A&W, which opened in 1923 and began franchising in 1926, was the first fast food restaurant due to their beginnings as a root beer stand in 1919 (E. Tavares). Most agree that the American company White Castle was the first fast-food outlet starting in Wichita, Kansas in 1916 with food stands and founding in 1921, selling hamburgers for five cents apiece from its inception and spawning numerous", "title": "Fast food restaurant" }, { "id": "656307", "score": "1.5957495", "text": "Coca-Cola, served in disposable paper wrapping. As a result, they could produce hamburgers and fries constantly, without waiting for customer orders, and could serve them immediately; hamburgers cost 15 cents, about half the price at a typical diner. Their streamlined production method, which they named the \"Speedee Service System\" was influenced by the production line innovations of Henry Ford. By 1954, The McDonald brothers' stand was restaurant equipment manufacturer Prince Castle's biggest purchaser of milkshake blending machines. Prince Castle salesman Ray Kroc traveled to California to discover why the company had purchased almost a dozen of the units as opposed", "title": "Fast food restaurant" } ]

[ "bolívia", "name of bolivia", "iso 3166 1 bo", "Plan de Todos", "plurinational state of bolivia", "Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia", "plan de todos", "republic of bolivia", "etymology of bolivia", "The Plurinational State of Bolivia", "bolivia plurinational state of", "Bolivia", "volivia", "Etymology of Bolivia", "bolivian republic", "Bolivian Republic", "Bolívia", "república de bolivia", "volívia", "ISO 3166-1:BO", "boliva", "Volivia", "estado plurinacional de bolivia", "Republic of Bolivia", "Boliva", "Bolivia, Plurinational State of", "Bolivia (Plurinational State of)", "Volívia", "República de Bolivia", "Name of Bolivia", "bolivia", "Plurinational State of Bolivia" ]

[ { "id": "10996907", "score": "1.6905718", "text": "to Cortez the poor condition of the schoolhouse, stating that it was \"anti-pedagogical\" to expect campesino students to be educated there, while \"government officials drive Mercedes cars\", and declaring \"that's what we are fighting against.\" Later that morning on October 9, Bolivian President René Barrientos ordered that Guevara be killed. The order was relayed to the unit holding Guevara by Félix Rodríguez reportedly despite the United States government's desire that Guevara be taken to Panama for further interrogation. The executioner who volunteered to kill Guevara was Mario Terán, an alcoholic 27-year-old sergeant in the Bolivian army who had personally requested", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "id": "10996914", "score": "1.689935", "text": "in Vallegrande, including Björn Kumm of the Swedish \"Aftonbladet\", who described the scene in a November 11, 1967, exclusive for \"The New Republic\". A declassified memorandum dated October 11, 1967, to United States President Lyndon B. Johnson from his National Security Advisor Walt Whitman Rostow, called the decision to kill Guevara \"stupid\" but \"understandable from a Bolivian standpoint\". After the execution, Rodríguez took several of Guevara's personal items, including a watch which he continued to wear many years later, often showing them to reporters during the ensuing years. Today, some of these belongings, including his flashlight, are on display at", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "id": "15258775", "score": "1.6843746", "text": "unit holding Guevara, reportedly despite the US government’s desire that Guevara be taken to Panama for further interrogation. The executioner was Mario Terán, a sergeant in the Bolivian army who had requested to shoot Che on the basis of the fact that three of his friends from B Company, all named \"Mario\", had been killed in an earlier firefight with Guevara's band of guerrillas. To make the bullet wounds appear consistent with the story the government planned to release to the public, Félix Rodríguez ordered Terán not to shoot Guevara in the head, but to aim carefully to make it", "title": "Ñancahuazú Guerrilla" }, { "id": "10996847", "score": "1.6455867", "text": "La Cabaña. Some exiled opposition biographers report that he relished the rituals of the firing squad, and organized them with gusto, while others relate that Guevara pardoned as many prisoners as he could. What is acknowledged by all sides is that Guevara had become a \"hardened\" man, who had no qualms about the death penalty or summary and collective trials. If the only way to \"defend the revolution was to execute its enemies, he would not be swayed by humanitarian or political arguments\". This is further confirmed by a February 5, 1959, letter to Luis Paredes López in Buenos Aires", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "id": "14883763", "score": "1.6397061", "text": "the officer who had captured and executed Che Guevara in Bolivia. On June 1, 1968, João Lucas Alves, Severino Viana, José Roberto Monteiro, and Amílcar Baiardi shot and killed an officer in the neighborhood of Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, believing he was the Bolivian officer, when in fact it was Edward Ernest Tito Otto Maximilian Von Westernhagen, a German Army Major. Given the misunderstanding, Colina refused to take responsibility for the attack. Baiardi, the only of the four militants who survived the dictatorship, revealed Colina's involvement in the attack on 1988. On November 1968, João Lucas was arrested and tortured", "title": "Comando de Libertação Nacional" }, { "id": "10996903", "score": "1.6324238", "text": "capture. On October 7, 1967, an informant apprised the Bolivian Special Forces of the location of Guevara's guerrilla encampment in the Yuro ravine. On the morning of October 8, they encircled the area with two battalions numbering 1,800 soldiers and advanced into the ravine triggering a battle where Guevara was wounded and taken prisoner while leading a detachment with Simeón Cuba Sarabia. Che biographer Jon Lee Anderson reports Bolivian Sergeant Bernardino Huanca's account: that as the Bolivian Rangers approached, a twice-wounded Guevara, his gun rendered useless, threw up his arms in surrender and shouted to the soldiers: \"Do not shoot!", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "id": "10996846", "score": "1.626919", "text": "of Cubans estimated to have been killed at the hands of Batista's collaborators, and many of the accused war criminals sentenced to death accused of torture and physical atrocities, the newly empowered government carried out executions, punctuated by cries from the crowds of \"\"¡al paredón!\"\" ([to the] wall!), which biographer Jorge Castañeda describes as \"without respect for due process\". Although there are varying accounts, it is estimated that several hundred people were executed nationwide during this time, with Guevara's jurisdictional death total at La Cabaña ranging from 55 to 105. Conflicting views exist of Guevara's attitude towards the executions at", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "id": "36675", "score": "1.6257726", "text": "a CIA officer on the team with the Bolivian Army that captured and shot Guevara. Rodriguez said that after he received a Bolivian presidential execution order, he told \"the soldier who pulled the trigger to aim carefully, to remain consistent with the Bolivian government's story that Che had been killed in action during a clash with the Bolivian army.\" Rodriguez said the US government had wanted Che in Panama, and \"I could have tried to falsify the command to the troops, and got Che to Panama as the US government said they had wanted\", but that he had chosen to", "title": "Bolivia" }, { "id": "3346652", "score": "1.6242423", "text": "While the popular insurgency was eventually crushed by the US-trained Bolivian military troops under American CIA command, Guevara was captured and executed in October 1967. This event fostered a major spin-off scandal that surfaced in 1968. That year, Barrientos' trusted friend and Minister of Interior, Antonio Arguedas, disappeared with the captured diary of Che Guevara, which soon surfaced in Havana. From abroad, Arguedas confessed himself to have been all along a clandestine Marxist supporter, and denounced Barrientos and many of his aides as being on the CIA's payroll. This event embarrassed US military School of the Americas (SOA) graduate Barrientos", "title": "Alfredo Ovando Candía" }, { "id": "8967627", "score": "1.6182759", "text": "false name for cataracts by Cuban physicians in the Cuba-Venezuela Operación Milagro (Operation Miracle) program, which restored his sight. Mario Terán Mario Terán (born c. 1940) is the Bolivian Army sergeant who was chosen to carry out the execution of Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara as a young man on October 9, 1967. Mario Terán was born around 1940 and is married with five children, and covertly lives in Bolivia's largest city Santa Cruz under the alias of \"Pedro Salazar\". Some speculate that he has an agreement with the U.S. CIA, who is said to be protecting him, while others theorize", "title": "Mario Terán" }, { "id": "8967626", "score": "1.6081371", "text": "Mario Terán Mario Terán (born c. 1940) is the Bolivian Army sergeant who was chosen to carry out the execution of Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara as a young man on October 9, 1967. Mario Terán was born around 1940 and is married with five children, and covertly lives in Bolivia's largest city Santa Cruz under the alias of \"Pedro Salazar\". Some speculate that he has an agreement with the U.S. CIA, who is said to be protecting him, while others theorize that he is afraid of a Cuban unit seeking revenge. In 2006, Terán was treated for free under a", "title": "Mario Terán" }, { "id": "6209325", "score": "1.6053042", "text": "the town of Las Villas. The Battle of Santa Clara is depicted with Guevara demonstrating his tactical skill as the guerrillas engage in street-to-street fighting and derail a train carrying Cuban soldiers and armaments. Near the film's end, they are victorious. With the Cuban Revolution now over, Guevara heads to Havana, remarking \"we won the war, the revolution starts now.\" The second part begins on November 3, 1966 with Guevara arriving in Bolivia disguised as a middle-aged representative of the Organization of American States hailing from Uruguay, who subsequently drives into the mountains to meet his men. The film is", "title": "Che (2008 film)" }, { "id": "10996839", "score": "1.6018007", "text": "were completely surrounded, outgunned, and overrun. Che's eventual victory despite being outnumbered 10:1 remains in the view of some observers a \"remarkable tour de force in modern warfare\". Radio Rebelde broadcast the first reports that Guevara's column had taken Santa Clara on New Year's Eve 1958. This contradicted reports by the heavily controlled national news media, which had at one stage reported Guevara's death during the fighting. At 3 am on January 1, 1959, upon learning that his generals were negotiating a separate peace with Guevara, Fulgencio Batista boarded a plane in Havana and fled for the Dominican Republic, along", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "id": "10996818", "score": "1.5982779", "text": "period, he acquired his famous nickname, due to his frequent use of the Argentine filler syllable \"che\" (a multi-purpose discourse marker, like the syllable \"eh\" in Canadian English). During his time in Guatemala, Guevara was helped by other Central American exiles, one of whom, Helena Leiva de Holst, provided him with food and lodging, discussed her travels to study Marxism in Russia and China, and to whom, Guevara dedicated a poem, \"Invitación al camino\". In May 1954, a shipment of infantry and light artillery weapons was dispatched from Communist Czechoslovakia for the Arbenz Government and arrived in Puerto Barrios. As", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "id": "10996924", "score": "1.5982385", "text": "fellow combatants, were laid to rest with military honors in a specially built mausoleum in the Cuban city of Santa Clara, where he had commanded over the decisive military victory of the Cuban Revolution. In July 2008, the Bolivian government of Evo Morales unveiled Guevara's formerly-sealed diaries composed in two frayed notebooks, along with a logbook and several black-and-white photographs. At this event Bolivia's vice-minister of culture, Pablo Groux, expressed that there were plans to publish photographs of every handwritten page later in the year. Meanwhile, in August 2009 anthropologists working for Bolivia's Justice Ministry discovered and unearthed the bodies", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "id": "10996836", "score": "1.5946257", "text": "columns across the island. Guevara had apparently been inspired to create the station by observing the effectiveness of CIA supplied radio in Guatemala in ousting the government of Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán. To quell the rebellion, Cuban government troops began executing rebel prisoners on the spot, and regularly rounded up, tortured, and shot civilians as a tactic of intimidation. By March 1958, the continued atrocities carried out by Batista's forces led the United States to stop selling arms to the Cuban government. Then in late July 1958, Guevara played a critical role in the Battle of Las Mercedes by using his", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "id": "6209329", "score": "1.5881202", "text": "Army wipes out the other column, killing Tania Bunke, Juan Acuña Ñunez, and several others in an ambush as they attempt to cross the Vado del Yeso after a local informant tells the Bolivian troops about the movements of the rebels. By Day 340, Guevara is trapped by the Bolivian Army in the Yuro Ravine near the village of La Higuera. Che is wounded and captured. The next day, a helicopter lands and Cuban American CIA agent Félix Rodríguez emerges to interrogate Che, but without success. The Bolivian high command then phones and orders Guevara's execution. He is shot on", "title": "Che (2008 film)" }, { "id": "6209327", "score": "1.5857666", "text": "capture, have led the Bolivian Army to the revolutionaries' base camp, which contained vast stockpiles of food, much-needed supplies, and intelligence identifying much of the group as Cubans. Much to Che's disappointment Tamara \"Tania\" Bunke, Guevara's revolutionary contact has botched elaborate preparations and given away their identity. On Day 141, the guerrillas capture Bolivian soldiers that refuse to join the revolution and are free to return to their villages. CIA and US Army Special Forces advisers arrive to supervise anti-insurgent activity and to train the Bolivian Army. On Day 169, Guevara's visiting friend, the French intellectual Régis Debray, is captured", "title": "Che (2008 film)" }, { "id": "10996811", "score": "1.5853504", "text": "continental motorcycle trek through part of South America. For the latter, he took a year off from his studies to embark with his friend Alberto Granado, with the final goal of spending a few weeks volunteering at the San Pablo leper colony in Peru, on the banks of the Amazon River. In Chile, Guevara found himself enraged by the working conditions of the miners in Anaconda's Chuquicamata copper mine and moved by his overnight encounter in the Atacama Desert with a persecuted communist couple who did not even own a blanket, describing them as \"the shivering flesh-and-blood victims of capitalist", "title": "Che Guevara" }, { "id": "10996906", "score": "1.5827365", "text": "smoking it. In another instance of defiance, Guevara spat in the face of Bolivian Rear Admiral Ugarteche, who attempted to question Guevara a few hours before his execution. The following morning on October 9, Guevara asked to see the school teacher of the village, a 22-year-old woman named Julia Cortez. She later stated that she found Guevara to be an \"agreeable looking man with a soft and ironic glance\" and that during their conversation she found herself \"unable to look him in the eye\" because his \"gaze was unbearable, piercing, and so tranquil\". During their short conversation, Guevara pointed out", "title": "Che Guevara" } ]

[ "Copper and Zinc", "copper and zinc" ]

[ { "id": "33598", "score": "1.6484256", "text": "Brass Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve varying mechanical and electrical properties. It is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other within the same crystal structure. In contrast, bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Both bronze and brass may include small proportions of a range of other elements including arsenic, lead, phosphorus, aluminium, manganese, and silicon. The distinction is largely historical. Modern practice in museums and archaeology increasingly avoids both terms for historical objects in favour of the all-embracing \"copper alloy\". Brass is", "title": "Brass" }, { "id": "12364", "score": "1.5519266", "text": "discovered, during the prehistoric period now known as the Bronze Age. It was harder than pure copper and originally used to make tools and weapons, but was later superseded by metals and alloys with better properties. In later times bronze has been used for ornaments, bells, statues, and bearings. Brass is an alloy made from copper and zinc. Unlike pure metals, most alloys do not have a single melting point, but a melting range during which the material is a mixture of solid and liquid phases (a slush). The temperature at which melting begins is called the solidus, and the", "title": "Alloy" }, { "id": "33635", "score": "1.5355856", "text": "at Warmley. By the mid-to-late 18th century developments in cheaper zinc distillation such as John-Jaques Dony's horizontal furnaces in Belgium and the reduction of tariffs on zinc as well as demand for corrosion-resistant high zinc alloys increased the popularity of speltering and as a result cementation was largely abandoned by the mid-19th century. Brass Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve varying mechanical and electrical properties. It is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other within the same crystal structure. In contrast, bronze is an alloy", "title": "Brass" }, { "id": "2699453", "score": "1.5073733", "text": "metals still melt easily and, in addition, have unusually low boiling points. Gold has atoms with one less 6s electron than mercury. Those electrons are more easily removed and are shared between the gold atoms forming relatively strong metallic bonds. Zinc, cadmium and mercury form a large range of alloys. Among the zinc containing ones, brass is an alloy of zinc and copper. Other metals long known to form binary alloys with zinc are aluminium, antimony, bismuth, gold, iron, lead, mercury, silver, tin, magnesium, cobalt, nickel, tellurium and sodium. While neither zinc nor zirconium are ferromagnetic, their alloy exhibits ferromagnetism", "title": "Group 12 element" }, { "id": "33600", "score": "1.5020336", "text": "melting point of brass (, depending on composition) and its flow characteristics make it a relatively easy material to cast. By varying the proportions of copper and zinc, the properties of the brass can be changed, allowing hard and soft brasses. The density of brass is . Today, almost 90% of all brass alloys are recycled. Because brass is not ferromagnetic, it can be separated from ferrous scrap by passing the scrap near a powerful magnet. Brass scrap is collected and transported to the foundry where it is melted and recast into billets. Billets are heated and extruded into the", "title": "Brass" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Brass\n\nBrass is an alloy of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), in proportions which can be varied to achieve different mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties. It is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other within the same crystal structure.\n\nBrass is similar to bronze, another copper alloy, that uses tin instead of zinc. Both bronze and brass may include small proportions of a range of other elements including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), phosphorus (P), aluminium (Al), manganese (Mn), and silicon (Si). Historically, the distinction between the two alloys has been less consistent and clear, and modern practice in museums and archaeology increasingly avoids both terms for historical objects in favor of the more general \"copper alloy\".\n\nBrass has long been a popular material for decoration due to its bright, gold-like appearance; being used for drawer pulls and doorknobs. It has also been widely used to make utensils because of its low melting point, high workability (both with hand tools and with modern turning and milling machines), durability, and electrical and thermal conductivity. \n\nBrass is still commonly used in applications where corrosion resistance and low friction are required, such as locks, hinges, gears, bearings, ammunition casings, zippers, plumbing, hose couplings, valves, and electrical plugs and sockets. It is used extensively for musical instruments such as horns and bells. The composition of brass, generally 66% copper and 34% zinc, makes it a favorable substitute for copper in costume jewelry and fashion jewelry, as it exhibits greater resistance to corrosion. Brass is not suitable for such items as boat propellers because the zinc reacts with minerals in salt water, leaving porous copper behind. The tin in bronze will not react with these minerals.\n\nBrass is often used in situations in which it is important that sparks not be struck, such as in fittings and tools used near flammable or explosive materials.", "title": "Brass" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of named alloys\n\nThis is a list of named alloys grouped alphabetically by base metal. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Some of the main alloying elements are optionally listed after the alloy names.\n\nAluminium also forms complex metallic alloys, like β–Al–Mg, ξ'–Al–Pd–Mn, and T–AlMn.\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of named alloys" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Alloy\n\nAn alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metal. Unlike chemical compounds with metallic bases, an alloy will retain all the properties of a metal in the resulting material, such as electrical conductivity, ductility, opacity, and luster, but may have properties that differ from those of the pure metals, such as increased strength or hardness. In some cases, an alloy may reduce the overall cost of the material while preserving important properties. In other cases, the mixture imparts synergistic properties to the constituent metal elements such as corrosion resistance or mechanical strength.\n\nAlloys are defined by a metallic bonding character. The alloy constituents are usually measured by mass percentage for practical applications, and in atomic fraction for basic science studies. Alloys are usually classified as substitutional or interstitial alloys, depending on the atomic arrangement that forms the alloy. They can be further classified as homogeneous (consisting of a single phase), or heterogeneous (consisting of two or more phases) or intermetallic. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase, where all metallic grains (crystals) are of the same composition) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions, forming a microstructure of different crystals within the metal).\n\nExamples of alloys include red gold (gold and copper) white gold (gold and silver), sterling silver (silver and copper), steel or silicon steel (iron with non-metallic carbon or silicon respectively), solder, brass, pewter, duralumin, bronze, and amalgams.\n\nAlloys are used in a wide variety of applications, from the steel alloys, used in everything from buildings to automobiles to surgical tools, to exotic titanium alloys used in the aerospace industry, to beryllium-copper alloys for non-sparking tools.", "title": "Alloy" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of copper alloys\n\nCopper alloys are metal alloys that have copper as their principal component. They have high resistance against corrosion. The best known traditional types are bronze, where tin is a significant addition, and brass, using zinc instead. Both of these are imprecise terms, having both been commonly referred to as lattens in the past. Today the term \"copper alloy\" tends to be substituted, especially by museums.", "title": "List of copper alloys" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Muntz metal\n\nMuntz metal (also known as yellow metal) is an alpha-beta brass alloy composed of approximately 60% copper, 40% zinc and a trace of iron. It is named after George Fredrick Muntz, a metal-roller of Birmingham, England, who commercialised the alloy following his patent of 1832.\n\nThe alloy must be worked hot and is used today for corrosion-resistant machine parts. Alpha-beta (also called duplex) metals contain both the α and β phases. The α phase refers to a crystal structure that is face-centered cubic, while the β phase is body-centered cubic.\n\nIts original application was as a replacement for copper sheathing on the bottom of boats, as it maintained the anti-fouling abilities of the pure copper at around two thirds of the price. It became the material of choice for this application and Muntz made his fortune. It was found that copper would gradually leach from the alloy in sea water, poisoning any organism that attempted to attach itself to a hull sheathed in the metal. Thus, it was also used to sheathe the piles of piers in tropical seas, as a protection against teredo shipworms, and in locomotive tubes. After successful experimentation with the sheathing Muntz also took out a patent for bolts of the same composition. These too proved a success as they not only were cheaper but also very strong and lasted longer. A notable use of Muntz metal was in the hull of the \"Cutty Sark\".", "title": "Muntz metal" }, { "id": "17181532", "score": "1.4814266", "text": "to some extent replaced iron for railings, balconies and staircases, in connection with architecture; the style adopted is stiffly classical, which does not call for a very large amount of ornamentation, and the metal has the merit of pleasant appearance and considerable durability. Brass is an alloy composed of copper and zinc, usually for sheet metal, and casting in the proportion of seven parts of the former to three of the latter. Such a combination secures a good, brilliant colour. There are, however, varieties of tone ranging from a pale lemon colour to a deep golden brown, which depends upon", "title": "Bronze and brass ornamental work" }, { "id": "6842395", "score": "1.4792988", "text": "throughout history; the bells of Henry II had nearly twice as much copper as tin, while much earlier Assyrian bronze bells had ten times the amount of copper to tin. The recognized best composition for bell metal though is a ratio of approximately 80 per cent copper and 20 per cent tin. Bell metal of these ratios has been used for more than 3,000 years and is known for its resonance and \"attractive sound\". Tin and copper are relatively soft metals that will deform on striking. By alloying, a harder and more rigid metal is created but also one with", "title": "Bellfounding" }, { "id": "4146949", "score": "1.4724927", "text": "Bell metal Bell metal is a hard alloy used for making bells and related instruments, such as cymbals. It is a form of bronze with a higher tin content, usually in approximately a 4:1 ratio of copper to tin (typically, 78% copper, 22% tin by mass). The higher tin content increases the rigidity of the metal, and increases the resonance. It also has industrial uses, being specified for valve bodies, piston rings, bearings, and bushings. Tin and copper are relatively soft metals that will deform on striking (though tin to a lesser extent than copper), but alloying creates a metal", "title": "Bell metal" }, { "id": "33612", "score": "1.4709475", "text": "make brass was not recognised as a metal. The King James Bible makes many references to \"brass\". The Shakespearean English form of the word 'brass' can mean any bronze alloy, or copper, rather than the strict modern definition of brass. The earliest brasses may have been natural alloys made by smelting zinc-rich copper ores. By the Roman period brass was being deliberately produced from metallic copper and zinc minerals using the cementation process, and variations on this method continued until the mid-19th century. It was eventually replaced by speltering, the direct alloying of copper and zinc metal which was introduced", "title": "Brass" }, { "id": "466137", "score": "1.4499209", "text": "type of brass. Brass is generally more ductile and stronger than copper, and has superior corrosion resistance. These properties make it useful in communication equipment, hardware, musical instruments, and water valves. Other widely used zinc alloys include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminium find limited use in certain types of machine bearings. Zinc is the primary metal in American one cent coins (pennies) since 1982. The zinc core", "title": "Zinc" }, { "id": "374023", "score": "1.4478526", "text": "and copper concentration, although most useful alloys tend to be richer in silver than the eutectic mixture (71.9% silver and 28.1% copper by weight, and 60.1% silver and 28.1% copper by atom). Most other binary alloys are of little use: for example, silver–gold alloys are too soft and silver–cadmium alloys too toxic. Ternary alloys have much greater importance: dental amalgams are usually silver–tin–mercury alloys, silver–copper–gold alloys are very important in jewellery (usually on the gold-rich side) and have a vast range of hardnesses and colours, silver–copper–zinc alloys are useful as low-melting brazing alloys, and silver–cadmium–indium (involving three adjacent elements on", "title": "Silver" }, { "id": "4146951", "score": "1.444931", "text": "metal used is a high-tin alloy of copper and tin with approximately a 4:1 ratio of copper to tin (78% copper, 22% tin). This is a much higher tin component than that used in statuary bronze. A range of percentages of tin content can vary from 20 to 26%, depending on the founder who has arrived empirically at their own alloy ratio. It has been found that increasing the tin content increases the decay time of the bell strike, thus making the bell more sonorous. Taking into consideration overall properties, such as tensile strength, hardness, wear resistance, cast quality, sound,", "title": "Bell metal" }, { "id": "252603", "score": "1.440191", "text": "low, mid and high carbon steels, with increasing carbon levels reducing ductility and toughness. The addition of silicon will produce cast irons, while the addition of chromium, nickel and molybdenum to carbon steels (more than 10%) results in stainless steels. Other significant metallic alloys are those of aluminium, titanium, copper and magnesium. Copper alloys have been known since prehistory—bronze gave the Bronze Age its name—and have many applications today, most importantly in electrical wiring. The alloys of the other three metals have been developed relatively recently; due to their chemical reactivity they require electrolytic extraction processes. The alloys of aluminium,", "title": "Metal" }, { "id": "14482996", "score": "1.4386892", "text": "for application specific demands of each desired material component. The range of compositions can vary from around 81 to 95% copper, 3 to 18% zinc, and 0.5 to 2% tin. A common variation of the Lubaloy alloy type in Lubaloy X 425, with a composition of 88% copper, 10% zinc, and 2% tin. This alloy is widely used because it is soft and more malleable than copper or zinc alone. It offers great cold workability and hot formability. The non-ferromagnetic property of brass allows it to be easily separated from other metals. It is tarnish-resistant, and has low friction and", "title": "Lubaloy C41100" }, { "id": "5686353", "score": "1.4351686", "text": "Muntz metal Muntz metal is a form of alpha-beta brass with about 60% copper, 40% zinc and a trace of iron. It is named after George Fredrick Muntz, a metal-roller of Birmingham, England, who commercialised the alloy following his patent of 1832. Known both as Muntz Metal and Yellow Metal, the alloy must be worked hot and is used today for corrosion resistant machine parts. Alpha-beta (also called duplex) metals contain both the α and β phases. The α phase refers to a crystal structure that is face-centered cubic, while the β phase is body-centered cubic. Its original application was", "title": "Muntz metal" }, { "id": "1578856", "score": "1.4312837", "text": "is an alloy of tin and copper containing typically 8% tin. It is a single-phase alloy and can be cold rolled into sheets, unlike bell bronze. It is readily available as commercial sheet metal in many grades and thicknesses. Cymbal bronzes containing 8% tin are most normally called \"B8 alloy\". Paiste refer to their 8% tin bronze as \"2002 alloy\". From the mid 20th century there were attempts to make top-quality cymbals from malleable bronze, originally for reasons of economy. As the Paiste patent referred to above says: \"Less than three decades ago experiments were carried out for economical considerations", "title": "Cymbal alloys" }, { "id": "33621", "score": "1.4278475", "text": "all copper alloys used in the Roman world by the 4th century AD. Little is known about the production of brass during the centuries immediately after the collapse of the Roman Empire. Disruption in the trade of tin for bronze from Western Europe may have contributed to the increasing popularity of brass in the east and by the 6th–7th centuries AD over 90% of copper alloy artefacts from Egypt were made of brass. However other alloys such as low tin bronze were also used and they vary depending on local cultural attitudes, the purpose of the metal and access to", "title": "Brass" }, { "id": "12347", "score": "1.4228473", "text": "overall cost of the material while preserving important properties. In other cases, the combination of metals imparts synergistic properties to the constituent metal elements such as corrosion resistance or mechanical strength. Examples of alloys are steel, solder, brass, pewter, duralumin, bronze and amalgams. The alloy constituents are usually measured by mass percentage for practical applications, and in atomic fraction for basic science studies. Alloys are usually classified as substitutional or interstitial alloys, depending on the atomic arrangement that forms the alloy. They can be further classified as homogeneous (consisting of a single phase), or heterogeneous (consisting of two or more", "title": "Alloy" }, { "id": "17181479", "score": "1.418938", "text": "Bronze and brass ornamental work The use of bronze dates from remote antiquity. This important metal is an alloy composed of copper and tin, in proportion which vary slightly, but may be normally considered as nine parts of copper to one of tin. Other ingredients which are occasionally found are more or less accidental. The result is a metal of a rich golden brown colour, capable of being worked by casting — a process little applicable to its component parts, but peculiarly successful with bronze, the density and hardness of the metal allowing it to take any impression of a", "title": "Bronze and brass ornamental work" }, { "id": "2099384", "score": "1.4127529", "text": "Nickel silver Nickel silver, Maillechort, German silver, Argentan, new silver, nickel brass, albata, alpacca, is a copper alloy with nickel and often zinc. The usual formulation is 60% copper, 20% nickel and 20% zinc. Nickel silver is named due to its silvery appearance, but it contains no elemental silver unless plated. The name \"German silver\" refers to its development by 19th-century German metalworkers from the Chinese alloy known as paktong (白銅) (cupronickel). All modern, commercially important nickel silvers (such as those standardized under ASTM B122) contain significant amounts of zinc, and are sometimes considered a subset of brass. Nickel silver", "title": "Nickel silver" } ]

[ "stone mountain park", "Stone Mountain Memorial", "Stone Mountain", "confederate memorial carving", "Confederate Memorial Carving", "stone mountain", "Stone Mountain Park Velodrome", "stone mountain park archery center", "Stone Mountain Park Archery Center", "Stone Mountain Park", "stone mountain memorial", "stone mountain park velodrome" ]

[ { "id": "1557892", "score": "2.1941915", "text": "Confederate Memorial Carving, a massive bas-relief memorial to Confederate leaders on Stone Mountain in Georgia, but was in disagreement with the officials there. The original plan was to make the carvings in granite pillars known as the Needles. However, Borglum realized that the eroded Needles were too thin to support sculpting. He chose Mount Rushmore, a grander location, partly because it faced southeast and enjoyed maximum exposure to the sun. Borglum said upon seeing Mount Rushmore, \"America will march along that skyline.\" Congress authorized the Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission on March 3, 1925. Between October 4, 1927, and October", "title": "Mount Rushmore" }, { "id": "4478005", "score": "2.1698709", "text": "mountain carving depicted the confederacy's president, Jefferson Davis, and Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. \"Stonewall\" Jackson (and their respective horses Blackjack, Traveller, and Little Sorrel), in DeKalb County, Georgia, near Atlanta; there, Lukeman designed and supervised sculpting of the monument after removing the earlier work of Gutzon Borglum (the original commissionee, who had resigned). David Dearinger notes that \"Lukeman was criticized for taking over another artist's work,\" and that \"he used Borglum's existing scheme,\" though altering it to be a bas-relief whose figures would ultimately be over 150 feet tall. When funding ran out in the advent of", "title": "Henry Augustus Lukeman" }, { "id": "2282426", "score": "2.1033235", "text": "a high-relief frieze of Lee, Jefferson Davis, and 'Stonewall' Jackson riding around the mountain, followed by a legion of artillery troops. Borglum agreed to include a Ku Klux Klan altar in his plans for the memorial to acknowledge a request of Helen Plane in 1915, who wrote to him: \"I feel it is due to the KKK that saved us from Negro domination and carpetbag rule, that it be immortalized on Stone Mountain\". After a delay caused by World War I, Borglum and the newly chartered Stone Mountain Confederate Monumental Association set to work on this unexampled monument, the size", "title": "Gutzon Borglum" }, { "id": "1557893", "score": "2.0818982", "text": "31, 1941, Gutzon Borglum and 400 workers sculpted the colossal 60 foot (18 m) high carvings of U.S. presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln to represent the first 130 years of American history. These presidents were selected by Borglum because of their role in preserving the Republic and expanding its territory. The carving of Mount Rushmore involved the use of dynamite, followed by the process of \"honeycombing\", a process where workers drill holes close together, allowing small pieces to be removed by hand. In total, about of rock were blasted off the mountainside. The image of", "title": "Mount Rushmore" }, { "id": "16676946", "score": "2.0513968", "text": "years later selected Walker Kirkland Hancock as architect. The sculpture, which depicts Lee, Jackson and Davis, and bears only a resemblance to Borglum's original design, was dedicated in 1970. At by , it is the largest relief sculpture in the world. In 1930, Secretary Mellon reported that although no Stone Mountain Memorial half dollars were held by the Mint, it was his understanding that large quantities of the piece were in the possession of banks. Eventually, arrangements were made to return a million half dollars to the Mint for melting. In spite of this, the State of Georgia still had", "title": "Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Stone Mountain\n\nStone Mountain is a quartz monzonite dome monadnock and the site of Stone Mountain Park, east of Atlanta, Georgia. Outside the park is the small city of Stone Mountain, Georgia. The park is the most visited tourist site in the state of Georgia.\n\nThe park is owned by the state of Georgia and is currently managed by Herschend Family Entertainment. At its summit, the elevation is above sea level and above the surrounding area. Stone Mountain is well known for not only its geology, but also the enormous rock relief on its north face, the largest bas-relief artwork in the world. The carving, completed in 1972, depicts three Confederate leaders, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Stonewall Jackson. \n\nStone Mountain, once owned by the Venable Brothers, was seen from the outset \"as a memorial to the Confederacy.\" Stone Mountain Park officially opened on April 14, 1965 – 100 years to the day after Lincoln's assassination, although the park had already been in use for a few years.\nThe mountain, which ranges in composition from quartz monzonite to granite and granodiorite, is more than in circumference at its base. The summit of the mountain can be reached by a walk-up trail on the west side of the mountain or by the Skyride aerial tram.", "title": "Stone Mountain" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar\n\nThe Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar was an American fifty-cent piece struck in 1925 at the Philadelphia Mint. Its main purpose was to raise money on behalf of the Stone Mountain Confederate Monumental Association for the Stone Mountain Memorial near Atlanta, Georgia. Designed by sculptor Gutzon Borglum, the coin features a depiction of Confederate generals Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson on the obverse and the caption: \"Memorial to the Valor of the Soldier of the South\" on the reverse. The piece was also originally intended to be in memory of the recently deceased president, Warren G. Harding, but no mention of him appears on the coin.\n\nIn the early 20th century, proposals were made to carve a large sculpture in memory of General Lee on Stone Mountain, a huge rock outcropping. The owners of Stone Mountain agreed to transfer title on condition the work was completed within 12 years. Borglum, who was, like others involved, a Ku Klux Klan member, was engaged to design the memorial, and proposed expanding it to include a colossal monument depicting Confederate warriors, with Lee, Jackson, and Confederate President Jefferson Davis leading them.\n\nThe work proved expensive, and the Association advocated the issuance of a commemorative half dollar as a fundraiser for the memorial. Congress approved it, though to appease Northerners, the coin was also made in honor of Harding, under whose administration work had commenced. Borglum designed the coin, which was repeatedly rejected by the Commission of Fine Arts. All reference to Harding was removed from the design by order of President Calvin Coolidge.\n\nThe Association sponsored extensive sales efforts for the coin throughout the South, though these were hurt by the firing of Borglum in 1925, which alienated many of his supporters, including the United Daughters of the Confederacy. A 1928 audit of the fundraising showed excessive expenses and misuse of money, and construction halted the same year; a scaled-down sculpture was eventually completed in 1970. Because of the large quantities issued—over a million remain extant—the Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar remains inexpensive compared with other U.S. commemoratives.", "title": "Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar" }, { "id": "2282425", "score": "2.0292912", "text": "and urges strict immigration policies. Borglum was initially involved in the carving of Stone Mountain in Georgia. Borglum's nativist stances made him seem an ideologically sympathetic choice to carve a memorial to heroes of the Confederacy, planned for Stone Mountain, Georgia. In 1915, he was approached by the United Daughters of the Confederacy with a project for sculpting a high bust of General Robert E. Lee on the mountain's rockface. Borglum accepted, but told the committee, \"Ladies, a twenty-foot head of Lee on that mountainside would look like a postage stamp on a barn door.'\" Borglum's ideas eventually evolved into", "title": "Gutzon Borglum" }, { "id": "2282411", "score": "2.024599", "text": "Gutzon Borglum John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum (March 25, 1867 – March 6, 1941) was an American artist and sculptor. He is most associated with his creation of the Mount Rushmore National Memorial in Keystone, South Dakota. He was associated with other public works of art, including a bust of Abraham Lincoln exhibited in the White House by Theodore Roosevelt and now held in the United States Capitol Crypt in Washington, D.C.. The son of Danish immigrants, Gutzon Borglum was born in 1867 in St. Charles in what was then Idaho Territory. Borglum was a child of Mormon polygamy.", "title": "Gutzon Borglum" }, { "id": "5277877", "score": "2.0238414", "text": "are at least three major mountain sculptures in the United States. These are Mount Rushmore, Stone Mountain, and Crazy Horse Memorial. Gutzon Borglum, an accomplished sculptor with such pieces as \"Seated Lincoln\" and a variety of other public monuments, oversaw the sculpture of Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills in South Dakota. The monument was finished after his death by his son Lincoln Borglum. Gutzon Borglum also was responsible for starting the Stone Mountain project in Georgia but had a falling-out with its overseers. The monument was then taken up by Augustus Lukeman, who died during its carving in 1935.", "title": "Sculpture of the United States" }, { "id": "16676914", "score": "2.0119066", "text": "under the control of Atlanta businessmen, brought in to aid with the massive fundraising, and the UDC became marginalized. The work on the sculpture resumed on June 18, 1923, when Borglum began carving Lee's figure into the mountainside; he planned for General Stonewall Jackson and Confederate President Jefferson Davis to be close by Lee. Borglum's plans were for a huge sculpture depicting the Confederates, a memorial hall hewn from the granite at the base of the mountain in which artworks and artifacts could be displayed (as well as rolls of honor listing the contributors) and a giant amphitheater nearby. He", "title": "Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar" }, { "id": "1557888", "score": "2.0025525", "text": "Black Hills region of South Dakota in order to promote tourism in the region. His initial idea was to sculpt the Needles; however, Gutzon Borglum rejected the Needles because of the poor quality of the granite and strong opposition from American Indian groups. They settled on Mount Rushmore, which also has the advantage of facing southeast for maximum sun exposure. Robinson wanted it to feature American West heroes such as Lewis and Clark, Red Cloud, and Buffalo Bill Cody, but Borglum decided that the sculpture should have broader appeal and chose the four presidents. Senator Peter Norbeck sponsored the project", "title": "Mount Rushmore" }, { "id": "11999267", "score": "1.9861004", "text": "at least there be two Republicans and at least one Democrat represented) because of Theodore Roosevelt's introduction of the National Park Service. Borglum's original design was a sculpture of each president intended to go down to their waists, but time constraints and funding only provided for their heads. Ivan Houser, father of John Sherrill Houser, was assistant sculptor to Gutzon Borglum during the early years of carving; he began working with Borglum shortly after the inception of the monument and was with Borglum for a total of seven years. When Houser left Gutzon to devote his talents to his own", "title": "Construction of Mount Rushmore" }, { "id": "20753514", "score": "1.9834046", "text": "21, 1885. In 1923, historian Doane Robinson had developed an idea to make a gigantic sculpture on the Black Hills of South Dakota. Robinson hired renowned sculptor Gutzon Borglum for the job. Borglum, at the time, was making a Confederate memorial on Stone Mountain. Borglum searched for a mountain suitable for his project and he found Mount Rushmore, composed of granite, named after a New York attorney Charles E. Rushmore. Four prominent presidents were chosen for the sculptor to bring national recognition, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. Washington was chosen to represent a \"light for", "title": "Post-presidency of George Washington" }, { "id": "1557897", "score": "1.9722348", "text": "1941. His son, Lincoln Borglum, continued the project. Originally, it was planned that the figures would be carved from head to waist, but insufficient funding forced the carving to end. Borglum had also planned a massive panel in the shape of the Louisiana Purchase commemorating in eight-foot-tall gilded letters the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, Louisiana Purchase, and seven other territorial acquisitions from Alaska to Texas to the Panama Canal Zone. In total, the entire project cost US$989,992.32. Unusually for a project of such size, no workers died during the carving. Harold Spitznagel and Cecil Doty designed the original visitor", "title": "Mount Rushmore" }, { "id": "10902960", "score": "1.9663141", "text": "Lincoln Borglum James Lincoln de la Mothe Borglum (April 9, 1912 – January 27, 1986) was an American sculptor, photographer, author and engineer; he was best known for overseeing the completion of the Mount Rushmore National Memorial after the death in 1941 of the project's leader, his father, Gutzon Borglum. One of his best-known works, a bust of his father, is on display outside the \"Lincoln Borglum Visitors Center\" at Mount Rushmore. Named after his father's favorite president, Abraham Lincoln, and called by his middle name, Lincoln Borglum was the first child of Gutzon Borglum and his second wife, Mary", "title": "Lincoln Borglum" }, { "id": "10902956", "score": "1.9663141", "text": "Lincoln Borglum James Lincoln de la Mothe Borglum (April 9, 1912 – January 27, 1986) was an American sculptor, photographer, author and engineer; he was best known for overseeing the completion of the Mount Rushmore National Memorial after the death in 1941 of the project's leader, his father, Gutzon Borglum. One of his best-known works, a bust of his father, is on display outside the \"Lincoln Borglum Visitors Center\" at Mount Rushmore. Named after his father's favorite president, Abraham Lincoln, and called by his middle name, Lincoln Borglum was the first child of Gutzon Borglum and his second wife, Mary", "title": "Lincoln Borglum" }, { "id": "2043968", "score": "1.9653741", "text": "an artist to Rumely; though he preferred that Noguchi become a doctor, he acknowledged Noguchi's request and sent him to Connecticut to work as an apprentice to his friend Gutzon Borglum. Best known as the creator of Mount Rushmore National Memorial, Borglum was at the time working on the group called \"Wars of America\" for the city of Newark, New Jersey, a piece that includes forty-two figures and two equestrian sculptures. As one of Borglum's apprentices, Noguchi received little training as a sculptor; his tasks included arranging the horses and modeling for the monument as General Sherman. He did, however,", "title": "Isamu Noguchi" }, { "id": "2126602", "score": "1.9581023", "text": "Klan, was commissioned to do the carving. Borglum abandoned the project in 1925 (and later went on to begin Mount Rushmore). The US Mint issued a 1925 Commemorative silver US half dollar, bearing the words \"Stone Mountain\", as part of a fundraiser for the monument. This was the largest issue of commemorative coins by the U.S. government up to that time. American sculptor Augustus Lukeman continued until 1928, when further work stopped for thirty years. In 1941 segregationist Governor Eugene Talmadge formed the Stone Mountain Memorial Association (SMMA) to continue work on the memorial, but the project was delayed once", "title": "Stone Mountain" }, { "id": "15209938", "score": "1.9577116", "text": "to purchase and landscape the site and to commission Gutzon Borglum, who was approached while working on Mount Rushmore. Borglum designed the monument in Texas and posed the Confederate flag designer (Orren Smith) as the flag bearer, while the other soldiers were sculpted from photographs of posed Confederate soldiers. Postponed from May 1929, the US Navy and 6th Field Artillery bands played at the monument's dedicationon July 3, 1929. By 1949, a glass-faced display at the site, and a wooden marker for the site was cut down by vandals in 1954. President Kennedy left his car to visit the monument", "title": "North Carolina State Monument (Gettysburg, Pennsylvania)" }, { "id": "8365425", "score": "1.950987", "text": "begun in 1917 by Gutzon Borglum. Borglum was dismissed in 1925, and replaced by Augustus Lukeman. (Borglum went on to design and carve Mount Rushmore.) No work had been done since 1928. Hancock simplified Lukeman's model, eliminating the horses' lower bodies and legs, and made design adjustments as problems arose with the carving or stone. He modeled towers to flank the carving, but they were never executed due to lack of money. Roy Faulkner completed the carving of the memorial in 1972. For Trinity Episcopal Church, Topsfield, Massachusetts, Hancock created an immersive sculpture group, \"The Garden of Gethsemane\" (1965–66). On", "title": "Walker Hancock" }, { "id": "1557889", "score": "1.9474767", "text": "and secured federal funding; construction began in 1927, and the presidents' faces were completed between 1934 and 1939. Gutzon Borglum died in March 1941, and his son Lincoln took over as leader of the construction project. Each president was originally to be depicted from head to waist, but lack of funding forced construction to end on October 31, 1941. Mount Rushmore attracts more than two million visitors annually. Originally known to the Lakota Sioux as \"The Six Grandfathers\" (Tunkasila Sakpe) or \"Cougar Mountain\" (Igmu Tanka Paha), the mountain was renamed after Charles E. Rushmore, a prominent New York lawyer, during", "title": "Mount Rushmore" } ]

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[ { "id": "453815", "score": "1.5534363", "text": "support of Donald Trump during the U.S. presidential election in 2016, an allegation which both Trump and Putin have frequently denied and criticized. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin was born on 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg), the youngest of three children of Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin (1911–1999) and Maria Ivanovna Putina (\"née\" Shelomova; 1911–1998). His birth was preceded by the death of two brothers, Viktor and Albert, born in the mid-1930s. Albert died in infancy and Viktor died of diphtheria during the Siege of Leningrad in World War II. Putin's mother was a factory worker and", "title": "Vladimir Putin" }, { "id": "2204826", "score": "1.5514579", "text": "1992, the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation) for about six months. In fact, Yeltsin was the first Head of Government of Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, however he was not the Prime Minister. After Yeltsin, Yegor Gaidar became Acting Prime Minister, but the Russian Supreme Soviet refused to approve him as Prime Minister. On 14 December 1992, the Prime Minister appointed was Viktor Chernomyrdin. The Russian political system is similar to the modern French system. For the appointment of the Prime Minister the President needs a majority in the state Duma. If the party President", "title": "Prime Minister of Russia" }, { "id": "17619086", "score": "1.5470872", "text": "June 2000, Yeltsin's resignation resulted in the Presidential elections being held within three months, on 26 March 2000; Putin won in the first round with 53% of the vote. Vladimir Putin was inaugurated president on 7 May 2000. He appointed Minister of Finance Mikhail Kasyanov as his Prime minister. Having announced his intention to consolidate power in the country into a strict vertical, in May 2000 he issued a decree dividing 89 federal subjects of Russia between 7 federal districts overseen by representatives of his in order to facilitate federal administration. During his first term in office, he moved to", "title": "Political career of Vladimir Putin" }, { "id": "3292776", "score": "1.544364", "text": "right to reject the president's choices to head the Defense, Foreign Affairs, Interior, and Security ministries. Yeltsin nominated Viktor Chernomyrdin to be prime minister on December 14, and the parliament confirmed him. Yeltsin's December 1992 compromise with the seventh Congress of the People's Deputies temporarily backfired. Early 1993 saw increasing tension between Yeltsin and the parliament over the language of the referendum and power sharing. In a series of collisions over policy, the congress whittled away the president's extraordinary powers, which it had granted him in late 1991. The legislature, marshaled by Speaker Ruslan Khasbulatov, began to sense that it", "title": "1993 Russian constitutional crisis" }, { "id": "2982486", "score": "1.5419996", "text": "plant will be sent back to Russia. Sergey Kiriyenko Sergey Vladilenovich Kiriyenko (; born 26 July 1962) is a Russian politician. He serves as the First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia since 5 October 2016. Previously he served as the 30th Prime Minister of Russia from 23 March to 23 August 1998 under President Boris Yeltsin. Between 2005 and 2016 he was the head of Rosatom, the state nuclear energy corporation. Kiriyenko was the youngest Prime Minister of Russia, taking the post at the age of 35 years. Sergei Kiriyenko's grandfather, Yakov Israitel, made his", "title": "Sergey Kiriyenko" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Vladimir Putin" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of presidents of Russia\n\nThe office of the president of Russia is the highest authority in the Russian Federation. The office is the federation's head of state and has formal presidency over the State Council as well as being the commander in chief of the Russian Armed Forces. The office was to be introduced in 1918 after the February Revolution with the current office emerging after a referendum of 1991. During the Soviet period of history, Russia was \"de jure\" headed by collective bodies such as the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, since the Soviet theory of government denied the very necessity of the presidential office. The office of the President of the Soviet Union was introduced in 1990 during Mikhail Gorbachev's unsuccessful reforms of the Soviet Union's one-party communist state. Gorbachev became first and last president of the Union. His tenure was marked by the legal and political confrontation with Russia and other republics of the USSR which eventually led to their full independence in late 1991.", "title": "List of presidents of Russia" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "October 7\n\n\n\n", "title": "October 7" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Susan Collins" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Imran Khan\n\nImran Ahmed Khan Niazi (; born 5 October 1952) is a Pakistani politician and former Cricket captain who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Pakistan from August 2018 to until April 2022, when he was ousted through a no-confidence in the National Assembly. He is the founder and chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI).\n\nBorn to a Niazi Pashtun family in Lahore, Khan graduated from Keble College, University of Oxford, England, in 1975. He began his international cricket career at age 18, in a 1971 Test series against England. Khan played until 1992, served as the team's captain intermittently between 1982 and 1992, and won the 1992 Cricket World Cup, in what is Pakistan's first and only victory in the competition. Considered one of cricket's greatest all-rounders, Khan scored 3,807 runs and took 362 wickets in Test cricket and was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. Khan founded cancer hospitals in Lahore and Peshawar, prior to entering politics. Founding the PTI in 1996, Khan won a seat in the National Assembly in the 2002 general election, serving as an opposition member from Mianwali until 2007. PTI boycotted the 2008 general election and became the second-largest party by popular vote in the 2013 general election.<ref name=\"resignation\" /> In the 2018 general election, running on a populist platform, PTI became the largest party in the National Assembly, and formed a coalition government with independents with Khan as Prime Minister.\n\nAs Prime Minister, Khan addressed a balance of payments crisis with bailouts from the International Monetary Fund. He presided over a shrinking current account deficit, and limited defence spending to curtail the fiscal deficit, leading to some general economic growth. He enacted policies that increased tax collection, and investment. His government committed to a renewable energy transition, launched the Ehsaas Programme and the Plant for Pakistan initiative, and expanded the protected areas of Pakistan. He presided over the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused economic turmoil and rising inflation in the country, and threatened his political position. Despite a promised anti-corruption campaign, the perception of corruption in Pakistan worsened during Khan's time in office. He was accused of political victimisation of opponents and clamping down on freedom of expression and dissent.\n\nAmid a constitutional crisis, Khan became the first Prime Minister to be removed from office through a no-confidence motion in April 2022. In August, he was charged under anti-terror laws after accusing the police and judiciary of detaining and torturing an aide. In November, he survived an assassination attempt during a political rally in Wazirabad, Punjab.", "title": "Imran Khan" }, { "id": "3292800", "score": "1.5413513", "text": "decree null and void. Rutskoy was proclaimed president and took the oath on the constitution. He dismissed Yeltsin and the key ministers Pavel Grachev (defense), Nikolay Golushko (security), and Viktor Yerin (interior). Russia now had two presidents and two ministers of defense, security, and interior. It was dual power in earnest. Although Gennady Zyuganov and other top leaders of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation did not participate in the events, individual members of communist organizations actively supported the parliament. On September 23, the Congress of People's deputies convened. Though only 638 deputies were present (the quorum was 689),", "title": "1993 Russian constitutional crisis" }, { "id": "17538804", "score": "1.5400438", "text": "On January 14, 1991, Nikolai Ryzhkov resigned from his post as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or premier of the Soviet Union, and was succeeded by Valentin Pavlov in the newly established post of Prime Minister of the Soviet Union. On March 17, 1991, in a Union-wide referendum 76.4 percent of voters endorsed retention of a reformed Soviet Union. The Baltic republics, Armenia, Georgia, and Moldova boycotted the referendum as well as Checheno-Ingushetia (an autonomous republic within Russia that had a strong desire for independence, and by now referred to itself as Ichkeria). In each of the other nine", "title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union" }, { "id": "453827", "score": "1.5347896", "text": "First Deputy Prime Ministers, and later on that day, was appointed acting Prime Minister of the Government of the Russian Federation by President Yeltsin. Yeltsin also announced that he wanted to see Putin as his successor. Later on that same day, Putin agreed to run for the presidency. On 16 August, the State Duma approved his appointment as Prime Minister with 233 votes in favor (vs. 84 against, 17 abstained), while a simple majority of 226 was required, making him Russia's fifth PM in fewer than eighteen months. On his appointment, few expected Putin, virtually unknown to the general public,", "title": "Vladimir Putin" }, { "id": "6979501", "score": "1.5331334", "text": "to a head in March when Russian president Boris Yeltsin suddenly dismissed Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin and his entire cabinet on 23 March 1998. Yeltsin named Energy Minister Sergei Kiriyenko, then 35 years old, as acting prime minister. On 29 May 1998, Yeltsin appointed Boris Fyodorov as Head of the State Tax Service. In an effort to prop up the currency and stem the flight of capital, in June 1998 Kiriyenko hiked GKO interest rates to 150%. A $22.6 billion International Monetary Fund and World Bank financial package was approved on 13 July 1998 to support reforms and stabilize the", "title": "1998 Russian financial crisis" }, { "id": "19173770", "score": "1.5245214", "text": "the presidency in the hands of his chosen successor, then-Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. Yeltsin left office widely unpopular with the Russian population. On June 12, 1991 Yeltsin elected as the first President of the Russian Federation, received 45,552,041 votes, representing 57.30 percent of the number who took part in the vote, and well ahead of Nikolai Ryzhkov, who, despite the support of the federal authorities, received only 16.85%. Together with Boris Yeltsin was elected a vice-president, Alexander Rutskoi. After the elections, Boris Yeltsin began the struggle with the privileges of the range and the maintenance of Russia's sovereignty within the", "title": "Presidency of Boris Yeltsin" }, { "id": "3292791", "score": "1.5224845", "text": "1993). The president launched his offensive on September 1 when he attempted to suspend Vice President Rutskoy, a key adversary. Rutskoy, elected on the same ticket as Yeltsin in 1991, was the president's automatic successor. A presidential spokesman said that he had been suspended because of \"accusations of corruption.\" On September 3, the Supreme Soviet rejected Yeltsin's suspension of Rutskoy and referred the question to the Constitutional Court. Two weeks later Yeltsin declared that he would agree to call early presidential elections provided that the parliament also called elections. The parliament ignored him. On September 18, Yeltsin then named Yegor", "title": "1993 Russian constitutional crisis" }, { "id": "9804930", "score": "1.5210459", "text": "features included competitive multi-party elections, separation of powers, federalism, and protection of civil liberties. In 1999, Yeltsin appointed Vladimir Putin as the Prime Minister. Later in that year, Yeltsin resigned from the presidency and Putin took over. In 2000 Putin won the presidential election. The most recent change took place on 21 May 2012, when President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree on forming Dmitry Medvedev's Cabinet. The Government is the subject of the 6th chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to the constitution, the government of the Russian Federation must: The government issues its acts in", "title": "Government of Russia" }, { "id": "6464744", "score": "1.5210195", "text": "represent Russia in the summit. Medvedev was the first Prime Minister to represent Russia at a G-8 meeting. On 21 May 2012 his Cabinet was appointed and approved by the President. On 26 May, he was approved and officially appointed as the Chairman of United Russia, the ruling Party. Earlier in the same week Medvedev was officially joined to the party and thereby became Russia's first prime minister affiliated to a political party. During his first year as Prime Minister, Medvedev has presided over tough legislation against smoking in public places in Russia, increases in prices of alcoholic beverages, and", "title": "Dmitry Medvedev" }, { "id": "13921536", "score": "1.5187722", "text": "March 1953, Georgy Malenkov became the new leader of the USSR. In January 1954, Malenkov transferred Crimea from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR. On 8 February 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion. On 9 January 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR. The Karelo-Finnish SSR was transferred back to the RSFSR as the Karelian ASSR", "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" }, { "id": "10620055", "score": "1.517644", "text": "and emphasizes Putin's \"iron will, health, youth and decisiveness, tempered by popular support\". Ross concludes: \"The development of a Putin mini cult of personality was based on a formidable personality at its heart\". On 31 December 1999, President Boris Yeltsin resigned. Under the Constitution of Russia, the then Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin became Acting President. The day before, a program article signed by Putin \"Russia at the turn of the millennium\" was published on the government web site. The potential head of the state expressed his views on the past and problems of the country. The first task", "title": "Russia under Vladimir Putin" }, { "id": "3389678", "score": "1.5171752", "text": "on 7 April 1881 Evgenia Andrejevna von Grünberg (Saint-Petersburg, 18 April 1864 - Nice, 18 July 1934). The couple had six children: Nikolai Golitsyn Prince Nikolai Dmitriyevich Golitsyn (; 12 April 1850 – 2 July 1925) was of Russian nobility and was the last prime minister of Imperial Russia. He served from 29 December 1916 (O.S.) or 9 January 1917 (N.S.) until his government resigned after the outbreak of the February Revolution. Golitsyn was born in Porechye, a village in the Moscow Governorate into the noble Golitsyn family, but passed his childhood in the Dorogobuzhsky District. He was a graduate", "title": "Nikolai Golitsyn" }, { "id": "631656", "score": "1.5148344", "text": "constitution. The parliament then declared Yeltsin deposed and appointed Aleksandr Rutskoy acting president on September 22. Tensions built quickly, and matters came to a head after street riots on October 2–October 3. On October 4, Yeltsin ordered Special Forces and elite army units to storm the parliament building, the \"White House\" as it is called. With tanks thrown against the small-arms fire of the parliamentary defenders, the outcome was not in doubt. Rutskoy, Ruslan Khasbulatov, and the other parliamentary supporters surrendered and were immediately arrested and jailed. The official count was 187 dead, 437 wounded (with several men killed and", "title": "History of Russia (1991–present)" }, { "id": "19173780", "score": "1.5109645", "text": "the USSR. In September 1992, a group of People's Deputies, headed by Sergei Baburin sent to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation a petition to examine the constitutionality of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of December 12, 1991 \"On ratification of the Agreement establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States\". On December 10, 1992, the day after the Congress of People's Deputies did not approve the candidacy of Yegor Gaidar as Prime Minister, Boris Yeltsin issued a sharp criticism of the Congress of People's Deputies and tried to disrupt their work, calling on his supporters to leave the meeting", "title": "Presidency of Boris Yeltsin" }, { "id": "4795921", "score": "1.5092187", "text": "get the majority of votes, so the Republic's Supreme Soviet chose Askar Akayev to be the first President on 27 October 1990. Jumagulov served as the Ambassador to Germany from 1998 to 2003, and to Russia from 2005 to 2007. Apas Jumagulov Apas Jumagulov (; ) (born 19 September 1934) served as the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 14 December 1993 to 24 March 1998. He studied geology and mineralogy at the Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas in Moscow and began his political career in the Communist Party of the Kyrgyz SSR in 1973, becoming a Secretary", "title": "Apas Jumagulov" }, { "id": "15805427", "score": "1.5070114", "text": "with Vladimir Putin the current Prime minister of Russia Dragoslav Ćirković Dragoslav Ćirković, ; (born 30 September 1954) is a Serbian politician, current President of the Municipality of Medijana which is one of the Municipalities belonging to the City of Niš. Prior to being selected as president, Ćirković served as the director of the Medijana public corporation. He graduated from the Niš Law School. He is highly popular in Niš due to his atypical approach to politics. On Friday 13 2010. he climbed Mont Blanc, he jumped out of airplane for a wager, he is one of the first politicians", "title": "Dragoslav Ćirković" } ]

[ "Russia, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbijan", "russia turkey armenia azerbijan" ]

[ { "id": "596149", "score": "1.5275095", "text": "more than 2,000 mineral springs, over 12,000 historical and cultural monuments, four of which are recognised as UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Bagrati Cathedral in Kutaisi and Gelati Monastery, historical monuments of Mtskheta, and Upper Svaneti). Today transport in Georgia is provided by rail, road, ferry, and air. Total length of roads excluding occupied territories is 20,553 kilometers and railways – 1,576 km. Positioned in the Caucasus and on the coast of the Black Sea, Georgia is a key country through which energy imports to the European Union from neighbouring Azerbaijan pass. Traditionally, the country was located on an important north-south", "title": "Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "596063", "score": "1.5103543", "text": "Georgia (country) Georgia (, ) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital and largest city is Tbilisi. Georgia covers a territory of , and its 2017 population is about 3.718 million. The sovereign state of Georgia is a unitary semi-presidential republic, with the government elected through a representative democracy. During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established", "title": "Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "12430105", "score": "1.5060837", "text": "is deeply ingrained in the culture of the country. The oldest archaeological remains related to grape seeds and winemaking dating back 8,000 years have been found in Georgia, while today the country has over 500 varieties of grape. Georgia has 19 appellations of origin of wines, they are: Tsinandali, Napareuli, Atenuri, Kindzmarauli, Akhasheni, Mukuzani, Khvanchkara and etc. 41% of Georgia's territory is covered by forests, with 25% of Georgia's territory lying within protected national parks. Protected areas of Georgia offer various services including: boating tours, birdwatching, eco-educational tours, hiking, horse riding, biking, safari tours, sport fishing. Georgia is a home", "title": "Tourism in Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "152463", "score": "1.5050588", "text": "such as the Council of Europe, and is seeking membership in NATO and accession to the European Union. Georgia is on the same parallel as Naples, Madrid, Istanbul, New York, Chicago, London, Toronto (Canada), Omaha (USA), Eureka (USA), Odate (Japan), Shenyang (China) and Tirana. Despite its small area, Georgia has one of the most varied topographies of the former Soviet republics. Georgia lies mostly in the Caucasus Mountains, and its northern boundary is partly defined by the Greater Caucasus range. The Lesser Caucasus range, which runs parallel to the Turkish and Armenian borders, and the Surami and Imereti ranges, which", "title": "Geography of Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "152471", "score": "1.503633", "text": "environmental issues in 1993. Georgia participates in a number of international environmental agreements. It is a party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, and Wetlands. Geography of Georgia (country) Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region. Situated at the juncture of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the east by Azerbaijan. Georgia covers an area of . Georgia is", "title": "Geography of Georgia (country)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Georgia (U.S. state)\n\nGeorgia is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina; to the northeast by South Carolina; to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean; to the south by Florida; and to the west by Alabama. Georgia is the 24th-largest state in area and 8th most populous of the 50 United States. Its 2020 population was 10,711,908, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Atlanta, a \"beta(+)\" global city, is both the state's capital and its largest city. The Atlanta metropolitan area, with a population of more than 6 million people in 2020, is the 9th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 57% of Georgia's entire population.\n\nFounded in 1732 as the Province of Georgia and first settled in 1733, Georgia became a British royal colony in 1752. It was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established. Named after King George II of Great Britain, the Georgia Colony covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River. On January 2, 1788, Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution. From 1802 to 1804, western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory, which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi. Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19, 1861, and was one of the original seven Confederate States. During the mid-20th century, several Georgians, most notably Martin Luther King Jr., were prominent leaders during the civil rights movement.\n\nGeorgia is defined by a diversity of landscapes, flora, and fauna. The state's northernmost regions include the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the larger Appalachian Mountain system. The Piedmont plateau extends from the foothills of the Blue Ridge south to the Fall Line, an escarpment to the Coastal Plain defining the state's southern region. Georgia's highest point is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet (1,458 m) above sea level; the lowest is the Atlantic Ocean. With the exception of some high-altitude areas in the Blue Ridge, the entirety of the state has a humid subtropical climate. Of the states entirely east of the Mississippi River, Georgia is the largest in land area.", "title": "Georgia (U.S. state)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Black Sea" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of countries by southernmost point\n\nThis is a list of countries by southernmost point on land. Where borders are contested, the southernmost point under the control of a nation is listed, excluding points within Antarctica and its outlying islands south of 60°S. Non-UN political entities and dependent territories are listed, but not ranked. \n", "title": "List of countries by southernmost point" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Georgia (country)\n\nGeorgia (, ; ) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, by Russia to the north and northeast, by Turkey to the southwest, by Armenia to the south, and by Azerbaijan to the southeast. The country covers an area of , and has a population of 3.7 million people. Tbilisi is its capital as well as its largest city, home to roughly a third of the Georgian population.\n\nDuring the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. In the early 4th century, ethnic Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the spiritual and political unification of the early Georgian states. In the Middle Ages, the unified Kingdom of Georgia emerged and reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 12th and early 13th centuries. Thereafter, the kingdom declined and eventually disintegrated under the hegemony of various regional powers, including the Mongols, the Turks, and various dynasties of Persia. In 1783, one of the Georgian kingdoms entered into an alliance with the Russian Empire, which proceeded to annex the territory of modern Georgia in a piecemeal fashion throughout the 19th century.\n\nAfter the Russian Revolution in 1917, Georgia emerged as an independent republic under German protection. Following World War I, Georgia was invaded and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1922, becoming one of its constituent republics. By the 1980s, an independence movement emerged and grew quickly, leading to Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991. For most of the subsequent decade, post-Soviet Georgia suffered from economic crisis, political instability, ethnic conflict, and secessionist wars in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Following the bloodless Rose Revolution in 2003, Georgia strongly pursued a pro-Western foreign policy; it introduced a series of democratic and economic reforms aimed at integration into the European Union and NATO. The country's Western orientation soon led to worsening relations with Russia, which culminated in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008; Russia has since been occupying a portion of Georgia.\n\nGeorgia is a representative democracy governed as a unitary parliamentary republic. It is a developing country with a very high Human Development Index. Economic reforms since independence have led to higher levels of economic freedom, as well as reductions in corruption indicators, poverty, and unemployment. It was one of the first countries in the world to legalize cannabis, becoming the only former-socialist state to do so. The country is a member of international organizations, such as the Council of Europe, the OSCE, Eurocontrol, the EBRD, the BSEC, the GUAM, the ADB, the WTO, and the Energy Community.", "title": "Georgia (country)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands\n\nSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote and inhospitable collection of islands, consisting of South Georgia and a chain of smaller islands known as the South Sandwich Islands. South Georgia is long and wide and is by far the largest island in the territory. The South Sandwich Islands lie about southeast of South Georgia. The territory's total land area is . The Falkland Islands are about west from its nearest point.\n\nThe South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited, and a very small non-permanent population resides on South Georgia. There are no scheduled passenger flights or ferries to or from the territory, although visits by cruise liners to South Georgia are increasingly popular, with several thousand visitors each summer.\n\nThe United Kingdom claimed sovereignty over South Georgia in 1775 and the South Sandwich Islands in 1908. The territory of \"South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands\" was formed in 1985; previously, it had been governed as part of the Falkland Islands Dependencies. Argentina claimed South Georgia in 1927 and claimed the South Sandwich Islands in 1938.\n\nArgentina maintained a naval station, Corbeta Uruguay, on Thule Island in the South Sandwich Islands from 1976 until 1982 when it was closed by the Royal Navy. The Argentine claim over South Georgia contributed to the 1982 Falklands War, during which Argentine forces briefly occupied the island. Argentina continues to claim sovereignty over South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands as part of the Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur Province.\n\nToothfish are vital to the islands' economy; as a result, Toothfish Day is celebrated on 4 September as a bank holiday in the territory.", "title": "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" }, { "id": "596068", "score": "1.5034453", "text": "led to the worsening of relations with Russia, culminating in the brief Russo-Georgian War in August 2008 and Georgia's current territorial dispute with Russia. Georgia is a member of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development. It contains two \"de facto\" independent regions, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which gained very limited international recognition after the 2008 Russo-Georgian War. Georgia and most of the world's countries consider the regions to be Georgian territory under Russian occupation. \"Georgia\" probably stems from the Persian designation of the Georgians – \"gurğān\", in the 11th and", "title": "Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "152464", "score": "1.4940116", "text": "connect the Greater Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus, create natural barriers that are partly responsible for cultural and linguistic differences among regions. Because of their elevation and a poorly developed transportation infrastructure, many mountain villages are virtually isolated from the outside world during the winter. Earthquakes and landslides in mountainous areas present a significant threat to life and property. Among the most recent natural disasters were massive rock- and mudslides in Ajaria in 1989 that displaced thousands in southwestern Georgia, and two earthquakes in 1991 that destroyed several villages in northcentral Georgia and South Ossetia. Georgia has about 25,000 rivers,", "title": "Geography of Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "596125", "score": "1.4895434", "text": "Ajaria's reconnection with the central Georgian government, the Georgian Constitutional Court was moved from T'bilisi to Batumi. Georgia is mostly situated in the South Caucasus, while parts of the country are also located in the North Caucasus. The country lies between latitudes 41° and 44° N, and longitudes 40° and 47° E, with an area of . It is a very mountainous country. The Likhi Range divides the country into eastern and western halves. Historically, the western portion of Georgia was known as Colchis while the eastern plateau was called Iberia. Because of a complex geographic setting, mountains also isolate", "title": "Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "515820", "score": "1.4878621", "text": "is considered as the highest point in Europe. The Caucasus is one of the most linguistically and culturally diverse regions on Earth. The nation states that comprise the Caucasus today are the post-Soviet states Georgia (including Adjara), Azerbaijan (including Nakhchivan), Armenia, and the Russian Federation. The Russian divisions include Dagestan, Chechnya, Ingushetia, , , , Adygea, Krasnodar Krai and Stavropol Krai, in clockwise order. Three territories in the region claim independence but are recognised as such by only a handful or by no independent UN countries: , Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Abkhazia and South Ossetia are recognised by the majority", "title": "Caucasus" }, { "id": "596175", "score": "1.4800308", "text": "two times Euroleague champion Giorgi Shermadini and Euroleague players Manuchar Markoishvili and Viktor Sanikidze. Sport is regaining its popularity in the country in recent years. Georgia national basketball team qualified to EuroBasket during the last three tournaments since 2011. The following are links to the international rankings of Georgia. Georgia (country) Georgia (, ) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by", "title": "Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "2529648", "score": "1.4778836", "text": "flag. In the four corners there are four \"bolnur-katskhuri\" crosses (Also refer as Georgian Crosses aside with Grapevine cross) of the same colour (as the large cross). The first Georgian flag design came about during the era of the early Georgian state, the Principality of Iberia which had a red cross against a white background, similar to the flag of England). The subsequent Principality of Tao-Klarjeti, shared this same flag. The flag of the Kingdom of Abkhazia had 4 green strips in a dextral position on the right side, while the left side contained the cross seen on the current", "title": "Flag of Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "596122", "score": "1.4755813", "text": "protests were peaceful, the government pointed out that many protesters were masked and armed with heavy sticks and molotov cocktails. Georgian opposition leader Nino Burjanadze said the accusations of planning a coup were baseless, and that the protesters' actions were legitimate. Georgia is divided into 9 regions, 1 city, and 2 autonomous republics. These in turn are subdivided into 67 districts and 12 self-governing cities. Georgia contains two official autonomous regions, of which one has declared independence. Officially autonomous within Georgia, the de facto independent region of Abkhazia declared independence in 1999. In addition, another territory not officially autonomous has", "title": "Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "11788406", "score": "1.4720659", "text": "a settlement on the bank of the Asureti River and named it Elisabethtal, after the Emperor's wife Elisabeth Alexeievna. Within the next year five more colonies were established: New Tiflis and Alexandersdorf (both part of modern Tbilisi), Petersdorf (now part of Sartichala), and Katharinenfeld (present-day Bolnisi). Three more colonies were founded in Abkhazia: Neudorf, Gnadenberg and Lindau. From 1906 to 1922, Kurt von Kutschenbach published the German-language newspaper \"Kaukasische Post\", that called itself the \"only German newspaper in the Caucasus\". Editor-in-chief was the writer and journalist Arthur Leist. When Georgia first achieved independence in 1918, the country's geopolitical situation was", "title": "Georgia–Germany relations" }, { "id": "596072", "score": "1.4658805", "text": "dwell\", where X is an ethnonym. Today the full, official name of the country is \"Georgia\", as specified in the official English version of the Georgian constitution which reads \"\"Georgia\" shall be the name of the State of Georgia.\" Before the 1995 constitution came into force the country's name was the \"Republic of Georgia\". The territory of modern-day Georgia was inhabited by \"Homo erectus\" since the Paleolithic Era. The proto-Georgian tribes first appear in written history in the 12th century BC. The earliest evidence of wine to date has been found in Georgia, where 8000-year old wine jars were uncovered.", "title": "Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "10509466", "score": "1.4640274", "text": "NATO Headquarters, within 26+1 format. Located on the northeastern border of NATO member Turkey, Georgia is the furthest of all countries currently considering NATO membership. Article 10 of the \"North Atlantic Treaty\" limits membership extension to European states. Georgia's location on the juncture of continents is a subject of debate, yet similarly positioned Turkey has been a member of NATO since 1952 (but Turkey has a part of its territory clearly in the European continent, over 600 miles to the West and in the European Shores of the Black Sea, while Georgia has traditionally been considered as the northernmost area", "title": "Georgia–NATO relations" }, { "id": "2092670", "score": "1.46251", "text": "Georgian Black Sea port of Poti threatened the interests of Russia, Armenia (totally landlocked and dependent on Georgia's ports) and Azerbaijan. In an apparent and very controversial \"quid pro quo\", all three countries expressed their support for Shevardnadze's government, which in turn agreed to join the Commonwealth of Independent States. While the support from Armenia and Azerbaijan was purely political, Russia quickly mobilized troops to aid the Georgian government. On October 20, around 2,000 Russian troops moved to protect Georgian railroads and provided logistical support and weapons to the poorly armed government forces. The uprising quickly collapsed and Zugdidi fell", "title": "Zviad Gamsakhurdia" }, { "id": "152461", "score": "1.4612656", "text": "Geography of Georgia (country) Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region. Situated at the juncture of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the east by Azerbaijan. Georgia covers an area of . Georgia is located in the mountainous South Caucasus region of Eurasia, straddling Western Asia and Eastern Europe between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Georgia's northern border with Russia roughly runs along the crest of the Greater Caucasus mountain range – a commonly", "title": "Geography of Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "152462", "score": "1.4603915", "text": "reckoned boundary between Europe and Asia. In Philip Johan von Strahlenberg's 1730 definition of Europe, which was used by the Russian Tsars and which first set the Urals as the eastern border of the continent, the continental border was drawn from the Kuma-Manych Depression to the Caspian Sea, thereby including all of Georgia (and the whole of the Caucasus) in Asia. Georgia's proximity to the bulk of Europe, combined with various cultural and political factors, has led increasingly to the inclusion of Georgia in Europe. Some sources place the country in that region; as well, Georgia has joined European organizations", "title": "Geography of Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "12339001", "score": "1.4565213", "text": "sphere of influence. In 1386–1403, the Kingdom of Georgia faced eight Turco-Mongolic invasions under the leadership of Tamerlane. Except in Abkhazia and Svaneti, the invasions devastated Georgia's economy, population, and urban centers. In the 15th century the whole area changed dramatically in all possible aspects: linguistic, cultural, political, etc. During that period the Kingdom of Georgia turned into an isolated, fractured Christian enclave, a relic of the faded East Roman epoch surrounded by a Muslim, predominantly Turco-Iranian world. During the three subsequent centuries, the Georgian rulers maintained their perilous autonomy as subjects under the Turkish Ottoman and Iranian Safavid, Afsharid,", "title": "History of Georgia (country)" }, { "id": "12430107", "score": "1.4551592", "text": "Index ranked Georgia as the 7th safest country out of the 125 in its index. Georgia uses the standard Europlug (220 V, 50 Hz), the international dialing prefix is +995, it uses the metric system, and its currency is the lari (GEL or ₾). Tourism in Georgia (country) Tourism in Georgia is an important component of the economy of Georgia. International tourism is a rapidly growing industry. In 2015 it employed around 158,500 people, producing 6.7% of Georgia's GDP and providing US$1.94 billion of revenue. 2016's tourists numbers reached a record high of 2,720,970 people. In 2017, international tourist arrivals", "title": "Tourism in Georgia (country)" } ]

[ "Nuts About Southwest", "Southwest Airlines - AirTran Airways merger", "redbellyradio", "southwestvacaciones com", "South west airlines", "Southwest Airlines Inc", "southwest", "southwest air", "Southwest.com", "iflyswa", "Southwest Airlines Flight 519", "Wanna get away%3F", "Swamedia.com", "SouthWest Airlines", "Southwestvacations.com", "swabiz", "wanna get away 3f", "Southwest Airlines Home Gate", "Blogsouthwest.com", "Iflyswa", "southwest airlines cargo", "southwest airlines flight 519", "Southwest Airlines Co.", "Southwest airlines", "RedBellyRadio", "southwest airlines company", "southwestair", "Southwest Airlines", "Southwest Airlines Flight 411", "rapid rewards", "southwest airlines flight 1927", "southwest airlines home gate", "Southwest Airlines Cargo", "southwest airlines – airtran airways merger", "Southwest air", "Southwest Vacations", "southwest airlines inc", "Southwest Airlines Flight 345", "red belly radio", "Southwestair", "southwest airtran merger", "Southwest airline", "southwest airlines vacations", "nuts about southwest", "wnco com", "southwestvacations com", "Southwest Airlines – AirTran Airways merger", "Southwestairlines", "southwest airlines co", "SouthwestAir", "Southwest Airlines Corporation", "South West Airlines", "Southwest Airlines Flight 1927", "swamedia com", "Southwest", "1 800 i fly swa", "southwest airlines flight 411", "Setlovefree.com", "Red Belly Radio", "Southwestvacaciones.com", "southwest airline", "Wnco.com", "Nuts about Southwest", "blogsouthwest com", "Southwest-AirTran merger", "southwestairlines", "southwest com", "Southwest Airlines Company", "1-800-I-FLY-SWA", "south west airlines", "southwest airlines airtran airways merger", "southwest vacations", "Southwest Air", "southwest airlines flight 345", "SWABIZ", "iflyswa com", "Southwest Airlines Vacations", "Iflyswa.com", "Rapid Rewards", "southwest airlines", "southwest airlines corporation", "setlovefree com" ]

[ { "id": "18378547", "score": "1.919258", "text": "Several airlines have served Love Field in the past including: Air Central, American Airlines, American Freighter, Braniff International Airways, Capital Airlines, Central Airlines, Eastern Air Lines, Legend Airlines, Ozark Air Lines, Saturn Airways, SeaPort Airlines, Slick Airways, Southern Air Transport, Trans-Texas Airways, United Airlines, and Virgin America. Braniff International was once Love Field's largest carrier. It started flying there in the early 1930s, but it relocated all of its flights to DFW when that airport opened in January 1974. Love Field was the primary hub for the startup airline Legend Airlines. The airline worked its way around the Wright Amendment", "title": "Dallas Love Field" }, { "id": "18378525", "score": "1.9090673", "text": "served — although he had, at the time, to do so on two tickets in each direction, since the Wright Amendment specifically barred airlines from issuing tickets that violated the law's provisions. This work-around was also problematic due to the fact that between flights checked baggage had to be collected and checked onto the next flight. This had the effect of creating mini-hubs at Houston/Hobby Airport and the Albuquerque International Sunport. Southwest continued to grow and became one of the most successful and profitable airlines in the United States. Due to the success of Southwest Airlines, other airlines considered using", "title": "Dallas Love Field" }, { "id": "18378544", "score": "1.9068451", "text": "1% helicopter. The City of Dallas Department of Aviation headquarters is on the grounds of the airport. Modernization of Love Field's terminals was announced in early 2009. The $519 million master plan replaced the existing terminal buildings with a single new 20-gate concourse. Southwest has preferential leases to all but two of the gates, Gates 11 and 13, to which Virgin America has preferential leases. A temporary gate-sharing agreement between Southwest and Delta and a similar agreement between United and Southwest ended on January 5 and 6, 2015, respectively, to allow expansion of the Southwest and United flight schedules. United", "title": "Dallas Love Field" }, { "id": "6189031", "score": "1.8384035", "text": "service. Legend operated a separate executive passenger terminal at 7777 Lemmon Avenue and Lovers Lane and thus did not use the primary passenger terminal at Dallas Love Field (DAL). Legend Airlines served the following destinations during its existence: Legend Airlines Legend Airlines was an airline that had its headquarters on the grounds of Dallas Love Field. Legend operated nonstop flights from Love Field, Dallas, Texas, USA during 2000 to destinations in southern California, Nevada, New York and Virginia. The airline filed for bankruptcy five years after it was formed as a corporate entity, its initial flights having been substantially delayed", "title": "Legend Airlines" }, { "id": "18378530", "score": "1.8339818", "text": "cities. In 2001, the September 11 attacks and the subsequent recession greatly reduced the demand for air travel in the U.S., especially within the business traveler market. As a result, most of the airlines providing long-haul 56-passenger flights stopped service and pulled out of Love Field. By 2003, Southwest and Continental Express were the only two major commercial airlines operating out of Love Field. However, due to Southwest's success and the possibility of other airlines returning, the airport expanded its parking facilities and redeveloped one of its terminals. New parking facilities in a 2,400-space garage opened in 2002 and 2003,", "title": "Dallas Love Field" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Southwest Airlines\n\nSouthwest Airlines Co., typically referred to as Southwest, is one of the major airlines of the United States and the world's largest low-cost carrier. It is headquartered in Dallas, Texas, and has scheduled service to 121 destinations in the United States and 10 additional countries. , Southwest carried more domestic passengers than any other United States airline.\n\nThe airline was established on March 15, 1967, by Herb Kelleher and Rollin King as Air Southwest Co. and adopted its current name, Southwest Airlines Co., in 1971, when it began operating as an intrastate airline wholly within the state of Texas, first flying between Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. It began regional interstate service in 1979, expanding nationwide in the following decades. Southwest currently serves airports in 42 states and multiple Central American destinations.\n\nSouthwest's business model is distinct from other US airlines as it uses a rolling hub and point-to-point network and allows free checked baggage. It exclusively uses Boeing 737 jets in its fleet.\n\nThe airline has nearly 66,100 employees and operates about 4,000 departures a day during peak travel season.", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Elvis Presley - Wikiquote" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/July 2005" }, { "id": "2161260", "score": "1.8338715", "text": "country and the sixth-largest in the world. It is even the third-busiest airport in the world in terms of aircraft movements and the world's seventh-busiest by passenger traffic, transporting 62.9 million passengers in FY 2014. Based in Fort Worth, American Airlines' headquarters are adjacent to DFW. Recently having regained the title as the largest airline in the world in terms of both passengers transported and fleet size, American is a predominant leader in domestic routes and operations. Love Field Airport (IATA airport code: DAL) is located in northwest Dallas. Based in Dallas, Southwest Airlines is headquartered next to Love Field.", "title": "Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex" }, { "id": "18378539", "score": "1.8119478", "text": "first flight to operate outside of the Wright Amendment restricted area was Southwest Airlines flight 1013 to Denver (the flight number of which was named after the date). On November 2, 2014, Southwest added new service to Atlanta, Nashville, Fort Lauderdale, Los Angeles, New York-LaGuardia, Phoenix, San Diego, Orange County (California) and Tampa. To get its merger with US Airways approved by the Department of Justice (DOJ), American Airlines was forced to give up its 2 gates at Love Field. Delta Air Lines, Southwest Airlines and Virgin America all expressed interest, while the DOJ indicated a low cost carrier should", "title": "Dallas Love Field" }, { "id": "18378548", "score": "1.8109436", "text": "by flying with 56 seat aircraft even to distant cities like Los Angeles and New York City. It shut down in 2005. American Airlines relaunched flights to the airport in 2005 to compete with Southwest Airlines and fill in the void left by Legend. It eventually terminated service to the airport and sold its 2 gates to Virgin America in 2014. Continental Express was the first airline to relaunch flights after DFW opened in 1974. Continental started flying daily ERJ 145's between Love Field and George Bush Intercontinental Airport in 1998. In 2012, Continental and United merged. United kept flying", "title": "Dallas Love Field" }, { "id": "1841851", "score": "1.8009782", "text": "Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Eastern Air Lines, Frontier Airlines, Ozark Air Lines, Rio Airways and Texas International Airlines. The Wright Amendment of 1979 banned long distance flights into Love Field, leaving Southwest Airlines as Love Field's only jet airline and operating solely as an intrastate air carrier in the state of Texas. Braniff International Airways was a major operator at DFW in the airport's early years, operating a hub from Terminal 2W with international flights to South America and Mexico from 1974, London from 1978 and Europe and Asia from 1979, before ceasing all operations in 1982. During the Braniff", "title": "Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport" }, { "id": "7707731", "score": "1.7909606", "text": "of Dallas, northwest of downtown, and is headquarters to Southwest Airlines. Under the Federal \"Wright Amendment\" and \"Shelby Amendment\" laws, no large jet air service is allowed from Dallas Love Field to any point beyond Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Kansas, Mississippi, Alabama, and most recently Missouri. As such, Southwest, Continental Express and American Airlines are the three major airlines flying out of that airport. Southwest Airlines announced service to Kansas City and St. Louis in early 2006. American Airlines responded by commencing service to 4 cities. (\"see Love Field Airport for a history of the Wright Amendment\"). Transportation", "title": "Transportation in Dallas" }, { "id": "18378528", "score": "1.78788", "text": "Continental, Delta, and a new airline, Legend. The City of Fort Worth immediately sued the City of Dallas to try to prevent the Shelby Amendment from going into effect. American, headquartered at DFW, joined the lawsuits against Dallas, but also said if other airlines were allowed to fly out of Love Field, it would have no choice but to offer competing service. In 1998, after a year of legal decisions and appeals, Continental Express became the first major airline other than Southwest to fly out of Love Field since 1974. American soon began service out of Love Field, but continued", "title": "Dallas Love Field" }, { "id": "18378534", "score": "1.7862434", "text": "Field would handle only domestic flights non-stop. Southwest would be able to operate from 16 gates, American 2 gates, and Continental 2 gates. JetBlue and Northwest Airlines claimed that the gate cap would effectively ban any airlines not named in the compromise to ever operate from Love Field, even though the agreement called for Southwest, American and Continental to share gates with new airlines that desired to serve the airport. The cap of 20 gates would effectively restrict the purpose of the 2014 lifting of the ban on nonstop flights outside the Wright zone. After extensive negotiations with the House", "title": "Dallas Love Field" }, { "id": "6189024", "score": "1.7842478", "text": "Legend Airlines Legend Airlines was an airline that had its headquarters on the grounds of Dallas Love Field. Legend operated nonstop flights from Love Field, Dallas, Texas, USA during 2000 to destinations in southern California, Nevada, New York and Virginia. The airline filed for bankruptcy five years after it was formed as a corporate entity, its initial flights having been substantially delayed by court battles that had been instigated by American Airlines and the City of Fort Worth. Legend Airlines was the brainchild of T. Allan McArtor, former Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Administrator, Federal Express executive and U.S. Air Force", "title": "Legend Airlines" }, { "id": "727018", "score": "1.7838757", "text": "based on ticket cost. Members earn and redeem points based on a three-tier fare scale multiplier and the cost of the ticket. Changes also included no blackout dates, seat restrictions or expiring credits. It also adds more options to use points. The Southwest Airlines headquarters is located on the grounds of Dallas Love Field in the Love Field neighborhood of Dallas, Texas. On September 17, 2012, Southwest broke ground on a new Training and Operational Support (TOPS) building. The TOPS Building is across the street from its current headquarters building. The property includes a two-story, 100,000 square foot Network Operations", "title": "Southwest Airlines" }, { "id": "18378531", "score": "1.7812564", "text": "connected to the terminal with a climate controlled walkway. The East Concourse, formerly Braniff's \"Terminal of the Future,\" was demolished as part of the Love Field Modernization Program. In 2002, Love Field was designated as a Texas State Historical Site in 2003. The Frontiers of Flight Museum, which had been inside the airport terminal since 1988, moved to the north side of the airport in a separate facility. In November 2004, Southwest announced their active opposition to the Wright Amendment, claiming that the law is anti-competitive and outdated. On November 30, 2005, Missouri was added to the list of states", "title": "Dallas Love Field" }, { "id": "18378526", "score": "1.7810223", "text": "Love Field for short-haul trips. Southwest co-founder Lamar Muse started Muse Air, a short-haul competitor using DC-9s and MD-80s between Love Field and Houston in 1982. Muse Air was unable to operate profitably against Southwest at Love Field, and was purchased by Southwest in 1985 and renamed TranStar Airlines. Southwest ceased TranStar operations in 1987. Continental Airlines expressed its intent to fly out of Love Field in 1985, which led to years of court battles over the interpretation of the Wright Amendment as Fort Worth and DFW International Airport continued to try to prevent expansion at Love Field. Seeing the", "title": "Dallas Love Field" }, { "id": "2357335", "score": "1.779949", "text": "1967 and the last Lockheed L-188 Electra turboprop service was flown about May 1969. In February 1958 Braniff opened a new headquarters building at Exchange Park, a high-rise office development within sight of Dallas Love Field. The airline opened a Maintenance and Operations Base with over 433,000 square feet on the east side of Dallas Love Field at 7701 Lemmon Avenue in late 1958. The airline would occupy the facility until the late 1980s, with the Braniff, Inc. (Braniff II) holding company, Dalfort, remaining there until 2001. In April 1964 Braniff made deposits on two Boeing 2707 Supersonic Transports, $100,000", "title": "Braniff International Airways" }, { "id": "19695355", "score": "1.7761096", "text": "airline at Love Field, maintains its headquarters, hangars, training centers and flight simulators adjacent thereto and reflects its ties to Love Field in its winged heart livery and its stock exchange ticker symbol (LUV). In 2008, Southwest contracted with Pratt and Whitney to supply the proprietary Ecopower water pressure-washing system, which allows Southwest to clean grime and contaminants off engine turbine blades while the aircraft is parked at the gate. Frequent use of the Ecopower system is estimated to improve fuel efficiency by about 1.9%. Southwest paid US$7.5 million to acquire certain assets from bankrupt ATA Airlines in 2008. Southwest's", "title": "History of Southwest Airlines" }, { "id": "18378519", "score": "1.7727089", "text": "passenger traffic and its runways painted with large X's to avoid confusing pilots and due to the fact that Greater Southwest's runways were directly in the flight path of the new airport. By 1974, Greater Southwest was unceremoniously closed for good. The art-deco terminal was torn down in 1980. Southwest Airlines, founded in 1971 and headquartered at Love Field, built its business on selling quick, no-frills trips between Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. The company felt that the notion of a quick trip would be destroyed by a long drive to the new airport. Prior to the opening of DFW,", "title": "Dallas Love Field" }, { "id": "6189026", "score": "1.7495959", "text": "a 2-2 configuration (rather than 2-3) on its aircraft, and the removal of several rows of seats from its McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 jetliners added legroom. In addition, several Dallas-area chefs were commissioned to create meals for the airline. Meals were served on real china, with silverware, rather than plastic trays and utensils. The emphasis was on providing enhanced, quality on board service nonstop to business and leisure destinations from close-in Love Field in Dallas. Legend Airlines began nonstop service to three destinations from Dallas Love Field in the spring of 2000: Las Vegas, Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. New York", "title": "Legend Airlines" } ]

[ "I Want YOU for the U. S. Army", "Baba Sam", "uncle sam wants you recruitment poster", "uncle sam wants you", "i want you for u s army", "Uncle Sam", "uncle sam", "I Want YOU for the U.S. Army", "I Want YOU for U. S. Army", "I Want YOU for U.S. Army", "Uncle Sam Wants You recruitment poster", "Uncle sam", "Uncle Sam Wants You", "baba sam" ]

[ { "id": "1164851", "score": "2.1203413", "text": "butcher and meat-packer named Samuel Wilson supplied the military, and, according to an unprovable legend, barrels stamped \"U.S.\" were jokingly taken by the troops to stand for \"Uncle Sam\" meaning Wilson. Troy has since claimed to be the historical home of Uncle Sam. Through much of the 19th and into the early 20th century, Troy was not only one of the most prosperous cities in New York State, but one of the most prosperous cities in the entire country. Prior to its rise as an industrial center, Troy was the transshipment point for meat and vegetables from Vermont, which were", "title": "Troy, New York" }, { "id": "5753740", "score": "2.096122", "text": "American icon Uncle Sam, who embodies the American spirit more than any other figure, was in fact based on a real man. A businessman from Troy, New York, Samuel Wilson, whose parents sailed to America from Greenock, Scotland, has been officially recognized as the original Uncle Sam. He provided the army with beef and pork in barrels during the War of 1812. The barrels were prominently labeled \"U.S.\" for the United States, but it was jokingly said that the letters stood for \"Uncle Sam.\" Soon, Uncle Sam was used as shorthand for the federal government. Trade with Scotland continued to", "title": "Scottish Americans" }, { "id": "3316896", "score": "2.085825", "text": "the term in literature is seen in an 1816 allegorical book, \"The Adventures of Uncle Sam in Search After His Lost Honor\" by Frederick Augustus Fidfaddy, Esq., also in reference to the aforementioned Samuel Wilson. The 87th United States Congress adopted the following resolution on September 15, 1961: \"\"Resolved by the Senate and the House of Representatives that the Congress salutes Uncle Sam Wilson of Troy, New York, as the progenitor of America's National symbol of Uncle Sam.\"\" However, an Uncle Sam is mentioned as early as 1775 in the original \"Yankee Doodle\" lyrics of the Revolutionary War. It is", "title": "Samuel Wilson" }, { "id": "3316894", "score": "2.0764284", "text": "the Northern Army. His duties included checking the freshness of meat and assuring that it was properly packaged and that the barrels were according to specification. Each barrel was required to be labeled. Each barrel was marked “E.A.-U.S.” This marking indicated Elbert Anderson, United States. The great majority of E & S Wilson’s meat was shipped close by to a camp of 6,000 soldiers in Greenbush, New York. Many soldiers stationed in Greenbush were locals of Troy. They knew of or were acquainted with Sam Wilson and his nickname Uncle Sam, as well as his meat packing business. These soldiers", "title": "Samuel Wilson" }, { "id": "3316887", "score": "2.034585", "text": "Samuel Wilson Samuel Wilson (September 13, 1766 – July 31, 1854) was a meat packer from Troy, New York whose name is purportedly the source of the personification of the United States known as \"Uncle Sam\". Samuel was born in the historic town of Arlington, Massachusetts (known as Menotomy at the time, township of West Cambridge), to parents Edward and Lucy Wilson. Samuel Wilson is a descendant of one of the oldest families of Boston, Massachusetts. Through direct heritance of his grandfather, Robert Wilson, originally from Greenock, Scotland, he was Scottish with a Massachusetts background. As a boy, he moved", "title": "Samuel Wilson" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Samuel Wilson\n\nSamuel Wilson (September 13, 1766 – July 31, 1854) was an American meat packer who lived in Troy, New York, whose name is purportedly the source of the personification of the United States known as \"Uncle Sam\".<ref name=Eller/>", "title": "Samuel Wilson" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Scottish Americans\n\nScottish Americans or Scots Americans (Scottish Gaelic: \"Ameireaganaich Albannach\"; ) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in Scotland. Scottish Americans are closely related to Scotch-Irish Americans, descendants of Ulster Scots, and communities emphasize and celebrate a common heritage. The majority of Scotch-Irish Americans originally came from Lowland Scotland and Northern England before migrating to the province of Ulster in Ireland (see \"Plantation of Ulster\") and thence, beginning about five generations later, to North America in large numbers during the eighteenth century. Today, the number of Scottish Americans is believed to be around 25 million, and celebrations of ‘Scottishness’ can be seen through major Tartan Day parades and Burns Night celebrations.\n\nSignificant emigration from Scotland to America began in the 1700s, accelerating after the Jacobite rising of 1745, the steady degradation of clan structures, and the Highland Clearances. Even higher rates of emigration occurred after these times of social upheaval. In the 1920s, Scotland experienced a reduction in total population of 0.8%, totally absorbing the natural population increase of 7.2%: the USA and Canada were the most common destinations of these emigrants. A common misconception is that most Scottish Americans are descended from Highlanders fleeing persecution or clearance. Instead, by far the commonest Scottish immigrant was an economic migrant from the Lowlands, attracted by the opportunities in North America.", "title": "Scottish Americans" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of German inventions and discoveries\n\nGerman inventions and discoveries are ideas, objects, processes or techniques invented, innovated or discovered, partially or entirely, in Germany or abroad by a person from Germany (that is, someone born in Germany – including to non-German parents – or born abroad with at least one German parent and who had the majority of their education or career in Germany). Often, things discovered for the first time are also called inventions and in many cases, there is no clear line between the two.\n\nGermany has been the home of many famous inventors, discoverers and engineers, including Carl von Linde, who developed the modern refrigerator; Paul Nipkow and Karl Ferdinand Braun, who laid the foundation of the television with their Nipkow disk and cathode-ray tube (or Braun tube) respectively; Hans Geiger, the creator of the Geiger counter; and Konrad Zuse, who built the first fully automatic digital computer (Z3) and the first commercial computer (Z4). Otto Lilienthal, Gottlieb Daimler, Rudolf Diesel, Hugo Junkers and Karl Benz helped shape modern automotive and air transportation technology. Aerospace engineer Wernher von Braun developed the first space rocket at Peenemünde and later on was a prominent member of NASA and developed the Saturn V Moon rocket. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz's work in the domain of electromagnetic radiation was pivotal to the development of modern telecommunication.\n\nAlbert Einstein introduced the special relativity and general relativity theories for light and gravity in 1905 and 1915 respectively. Along with Max Planck, he was instrumental in the introduction of quantum mechanics, in which Werner Heisenberg and Max Born later made major contributions. Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays. Otto Hahn was a pioneer in the fields of radiochemistry and discovered nuclear fission, while Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Koch were founders of microbiology.\n\nThe movable-type printing press was invented by German blacksmith Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. In 1997, Time Life magazine picked Gutenberg's invention as the most important of the second millennium. In 1998, the A&E Network ranked Gutenberg as the most influential person of the second millennium on their \"Biographies of the Millennium\" countdown.<ref name=\":3\" />\n\nThe following is a list of inventions, innovations or discoveries known or generally recognised to be German.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of German inventions and discoveries" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Elvis Presley - Wikiquote" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Humanities/May 2006" }, { "id": "3316897", "score": "1.9406044", "text": "not clear whether this reference is to Uncle Sam as a metaphor for the United States. The lyrics as a whole clearly deride the military efforts of the young nation, besieging the British at Boston. This is the 13th stanza: Old Uncle Sam come then to change / Some pancakes and some onions, / For \"lasses\" cakes, to carry home / To give his wife and young ones. Samuel Wilson Samuel Wilson (September 13, 1766 – July 31, 1854) was a meat packer from Troy, New York whose name is purportedly the source of the personification of the United States", "title": "Samuel Wilson" }, { "id": "3316895", "score": "1.9373888", "text": "recognized the barrels being from Troy and made an association between the \"U.S.\" stamp and Uncle Sam. Over time, it is believed, anything marked with the same initials, as much Army property was, also became linked with his name. Samuel Wilson died July 31, 1854 at the age of 87. He was originally buried in Mt. Ida Cemetery, but later transferred to Oakwood Cemetery in Troy. Monuments mark his birthplace in Arlington, Massachusetts, and site of burial in Troy, New York. Another sign marks \"The boyhood home of Sam\" outside his second home in Mason, N.H. The first use of", "title": "Samuel Wilson" }, { "id": "12560006", "score": "1.9305353", "text": "that uncle Sam, as they call him, would certainly forever have lost the services of at least one sailor. The precise origin of the Uncle Sam character is unclear, but a popular legend is that the name \"Uncle Sam\" was derived from Samuel Wilson, a meatpacker from Troy, New York who supplied rations for American soldiers during the War of 1812. There was a requirement at the time for contractors to stamp their name and where the rations came from onto the food they were sending. Wilson's packages were labeled \"E.A – US.\" When someone asked what that stood for,", "title": "Uncle Sam" }, { "id": "3316892", "score": "1.9118645", "text": "Having such access to the Hudson River enabled E & S Wilson to prosper. Sam Wilson not only was a pioneer of Troy, he was active in the community, as well as an employee of the city. On April 12, 1808, he took an oath as Office Assessor. Four days later he took an Oath of Office as Path Master (now more commonly known as road commissioner). Samuel Wilson’s career role during the War of 1812 is what he is most noted for today. The demand for a supply of meat for the troops had significantly increased. E & S", "title": "Samuel Wilson" }, { "id": "11026945", "score": "1.8498731", "text": "11, 1976, and dedicated April 18, 1977. The bronze relief depicts the life and work of Samuel Wilson in Troy, New York and Mason, New Hampshire, and in Menotomy, Massachusetts (now Arlington, Massachusetts). The relief includes a depiction of the familiar image of the elderly \"Uncle Sam\" figure in top hat and tails. At its top is a butcher and a ship coming in to dock next to the word \"TROY\"; in the middle is a pioneer couple standing behind a fence with the words \"MASON N-H\"; and at the bottom is a soldier on horseback above the word \"MENOTOMY.\"", "title": "Uncle Sam Memorial Statue" }, { "id": "3316891", "score": "1.8474026", "text": "was revolutionary during the 18th century. Many bricks during this period were imported from the Netherlands. On March 8, 1793, Samuel and his brother Ebeneezer leased the western half of lot 112, now 43 Ferry St., from Jacob Vanderhyden for 30 shillings a year. This was the year the Wilson brothers began E & S Wilson, which was the Wilson brothers’ introduction to the profitable meat business. Their slaughterhouse was located between Adams (now Congress) Street and Jefferson Street. The brothers took advantage of their prime location and built a dock at the foot of what is now Ferry Street.", "title": "Samuel Wilson" }, { "id": "3316893", "score": "1.8377457", "text": "Wilson’s location and dock made the business ready and ideal. Secretary of War William Eustis made a contract with Elbert Anderson Jr. of New York City to supply and issue all rations necessary for the United States forces in New York and New Jersey for one year. Anderson ran an advertisement on October 6, 13, and 20 looking to fill the contract. E & S Wilson secured the contract for 2,000 barrels of pork and 3,000 barrels of beef for one year. The business held a staff of 200 men during this period. Samuel Wilson was appointed meat inspector for", "title": "Samuel Wilson" }, { "id": "3316890", "score": "1.8227679", "text": "enemies to tamper with and poison food sources. Samuel’s service to the Revolutionary Army most likely came to an end around October 19, 1781 with the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. After his relocation to Troy, New York, Samuel drew upon his prosperous location. He purchased property on Mount Ida (now Prospect Park), closely located to the Hudson River. The combination of natural elements produced exceptional clay, ideal for brick making. This began a new business venture for Samuel Wilson. His bricks were the first native bricks of Troy. Many historical buildings in Troy include bricks made by Wilson. This", "title": "Samuel Wilson" }, { "id": "16580350", "score": "1.7640285", "text": "Boston (1905), he received his first major recognition when he was commissioned by the State of Pennsylvania to make the Washington Grays Monument in Philadelphia to the men who served in the American Civil War. In 1909, Wilson's soldier's monument for all soldiers of war was unveiled on Dudley's Town Common (in front of the First Congregational Church), Dudley, Massachusetts. A crowd of 1200 was in attendance. Four-sided and capped with the sculpture of an American eagle, the multiwar memorial has inscriptions for the American Revolution: \"To the memory of Dudley's Heroes who bore arms to found an Independent Nation", "title": "John A. Wilson (sculptor)" }, { "id": "3316889", "score": "1.7584884", "text": "parents to four children, Polly (1797-1805), Samuel (1800–07), Benjamin (1802–59), and Albert (1805–66). Benjamin Wilson was the only child to have children. He married Mary Wood, and together they were parents to Sarah, Elizabeth, Emma, and Marion. Albert married Amanda but they had no children. While living in Mason, New Hampshire, at the young age of fourteen, Samuel joined the Revolutionary Army on March 2, 1781. His duties while enlisted consisted of guarding and caring for cattle, and mending fences, as well as slaughtering and packaging meat. Guarding meat was a priority during the war. It was not uncommon for", "title": "Samuel Wilson" }, { "id": "11780729", "score": "1.74602", "text": "among others, but finding insufficient interest Wilson decided to enter the business on its own. The company is now Wilson Sporting Goods. It is owned by the Amer Group of Helsinki, Finland. From 1916 until the 1950s Thomas Wilson built the company rapidly into one of 50 largest industrial corporations in America. Wilson was an important influence on the branding of processed meat products, having developed many of today's popular value added beef and pork products. Wilson & Company was responsible for introducing numerous well-known brands, such as Wilson Certified Hams, Wilson's Continental Deli and Wilson's Corn King. He was", "title": "Thomas E. Wilson" }, { "id": "12560007", "score": "1.7427578", "text": "a co-worker jokingly said, \"Elbert Anderson [the contractor] and Uncle Sam,\" referring to Wilson, though the \"US\" actually stood for United States. Doubts have been raised as to the authenticity of this story, as the claim did not appear in print until 1842. Additionally, the earliest known mention definitely referring to the metaphorical Uncle Sam is from 1810, predating Wilson's contract with the government. As early as 1835, Brother Jonathan made a reference to Uncle Sam, implying that they symbolized different things: Brother Jonathan was the country itself, while Uncle Sam was the government and its power. By the 1850s,", "title": "Uncle Sam" }, { "id": "5363242", "score": "1.732707", "text": "Award. He received the following awards from other nations: The Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm (Republic of Vietnam), the Vietnamese National Administration Medal for Exemplary Service, Vietnam Campaign Medal (Republic of Vietnam). He was awarded the George Washington Honor Medal by the Freedoms Foundation of Valley Forge in 1976. Samuel V. Wilson Lieutenant General Samuel Vaughan Wilson (September 23, 1923 – June 10, 2017), aka \"General Sam\", completed his active military career in the fall of 1977, having divided his service almost equally between special operations and intelligence assignments. He served as President of Hampden-Sydney College from 1992–2000 and as", "title": "Samuel V. Wilson" }, { "id": "14480899", "score": "1.7316455", "text": "by a blacksmith sitting on an anvil, who represents industry; a sheaf of wheat, which represents agriculture; and a homecoming of soldiers, whose lack of headgear symbolically illustrates the end of the war. At her feet sits the freed African American male figure, whose positioning reflects a common trope in nineteenth-century American sculpture that depicts African Americans kneeling in gratitude while holding broken manacles or discarded whips. These post-Reconstruction era of the United States depictions of formerly enslaved people, often shown with uncertain, upward gazes aimed toward their liberators, minimized African American efforts and sacrifices in obtaining freedom and instead", "title": "E Pluribus Unum (Wilson)" }, { "id": "12560002", "score": "1.7309699", "text": "Uncle Sam Uncle Sam (initials U.S.) is a common national personification of the American government or the United States in general that, according to legend, came into use during the War of 1812 and was supposedly named for Samuel Wilson. The actual origin is by a legend. Since the early 19th century, Uncle Sam has been a popular symbol of the US government in American culture and a manifestation of patriotic emotion. While the figure of Uncle Sam represents specifically the government, Columbia represents the United States as a nation. The first reference to Uncle Sam in formal literature (as", "title": "Uncle Sam" } ]

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[ { "id": "4222618", "score": "1.67869", "text": "This includes McDonald's Big Mac, Burger Chef's Big Shef and Burger King's Big King. The Big Boy consists of two thin beef patties placed on a three layer bun with lettuce, a single slice of American cheese, and either mayonnaise and red relish (a combination of sweet pickle relish, ketchup and chili sauce), Big Boy special sauce (often called thousand island dressing) or (at Frisch's, Manners and Azar's) tartar sauce on one or each slice of bun. (Regardless, the Big Boy condiment used was often simply referred to as \"special sauce\" on menus chainwide.) Wian used a sesame seed bun", "title": "Big Boy Restaurants" }, { "id": "15342061", "score": "1.6300234", "text": "seed bun. The Big Tasty configuration is somewhat different, consisting of a third-pound (151 g) beef patty, 5-inch (12.7 cm) sesame seed bun, square-cut lettuce, two tomato slices, sliced onions, three slices of Emmental cheese, and Big Tasty sauce (which has a smoke flavor). The Big Tasty Bacon variant also contains strips of creamed bacon. This variant is not available in the U.S., only internationally. The Big N' Tasty is the latest in a series of burgers that were designed to compete against the Whopper from Burger King. The first sandwich in this line of products was the McDLT, launched", "title": "Big N' Tasty" }, { "id": "561596", "score": "1.626379", "text": "(Bicky dressing) made with mayonnaise, mustard, cabbage, and onion. Hamburger A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun. The patty may be pan fried, grilled, or flame broiled. Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns. A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger. The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on", "title": "Hamburger" }, { "id": "11361119", "score": "1.5888555", "text": "of the burger drew much negative publicity as being highly insensitive. The burger with vegetables were placed in pita bread. Offerings in Polish McDonald's restaurants include: the WieśMac (\"Country Mac\"), a quarter-pound beef patty with onions, lettuce, cheese, mustard, and horseradish sauce on a sesame seed bun; the Pikantny Kurczakburger (\"Spicy Chickenburger\"), a chicken sandwich with lettuce and hot Mexican-style sauce; McWrap – tortilla with chicken available in two versions: Classic (mayonnaise, mild-Mexican sauce, lettuce, rucola, shredded cheese, two slices of tomato and chicken patty) and Honey-Mustard (honey-mustard sauce, lettuce, shredded cheese, two slices of tomato, two strips of bacon", "title": "International availability of McDonald's products" }, { "id": "2034568", "score": "1.5886415", "text": "another collapsible cardboard box. The earliest instances of McDonald's using advertising for the burger were mainly print ads, and a TV ad in which Hoyt Axton sings \"The Ballad of Big Mac\" which aired in 1969. The \"Two all-beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions – on a sesame seed bun\" concept for the jingle was created by Keith Reinhard, Chairman Emeritus of DDB Worldwide, and his creative group at Needham Harper and Steers. Originally, the ingredients appeared as a one-word heading for a McDonald's ad developed for college newspapers. The words were then set to music created by", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Talk:Two all beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles ..." }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Big Mac\n\nThe Big Mac is a hamburger sold by the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's. It was introduced in the Greater Pittsburgh area in 1967 and across the United States in 1968. It is one of the company's flagship products and signature dishes. The Big Mac contains two beef patties, cheese, shredded lettuce, pickles, minced onions, and a Thousand Island-type dressing advertised as \"special sauce\", on a three-slice sesame-seed bun.", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Hamburger\n\nA hamburger, or simply burger, is a food consisting of fillings—usually a patty of ground meat, typically beef—placed inside a sliced bun or bread roll. Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon, or chilis; condiments such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, relish, or a \"special sauce,\" often a variation of Thousand Island dressing; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns. A hamburger patty topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger. \n\nThe term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the United Kingdom, where the term \"patty\" is rarely used or can even refer to ground beef. Since the term \"hamburger\" usually implies beef, for clarity \"burger\" may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in beef burger, turkey burger, bison burger, portobello burger, or veggie burger. In Australia and New Zealand, a piece of chicken breast on a bun is known as a chicken burger, which would generally not be considered to be a \"burger\" in the United States; Americans would generally call it a \"chicken sandwich\", but in Australian English and New Zealand English a \"sandwich\" requires sliced bread (not a bun), so it would not be considered a \"sandwich\".\n\nHamburgers are typically sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants. There are many international and regional variations of hamburgers.", "title": "Hamburger" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of McDonald's products\n\nMcDonald's is one of the world's largest fast food chains, founded in 1940 in San Bernardino, California, and incorporated in Des Plaines, Illinois, in 1955. Since then, McDonald's has become a household name in America, known for selling a variety of convenience food items at thousands of locations worldwide. Throughout its history, McDonald's has experimented with a number of different offerings on the menu. In 2007, McDonald's had only 85 items on its menu; by 2013 this number had risen to 145 items on its menu.", "title": "List of McDonald's products" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Big N' Tasty\n\nThe Big N’ Tasty is a hamburger sold by the international fast food chain McDonald's. It is designed to compete with the Whopper sandwich. A similar variation called the Big Tasty, without the center \"N'\", which was first released in Saudi Arabia, is sold outside the United States in parts of Europe, South America, South Africa, The Middle East, and Taiwan.", "title": "Big N' Tasty" }, { "id": "561570", "score": "1.5823946", "text": "patties\" to distinguish them from inexpensive hamburgers made with cost-savers like added flour, textured vegetable protein, ammonia treated defatted beef trimmings (which the company Beef Products Inc, calls \"lean finely textured beef\"), advanced meat recovery, or other fillers. In the 1930s ground liver was sometimes added. Some cooks prepare their patties with binders like eggs or breadcrumbs. Seasonings may include salt and pepper and others like as parsley, onions, soy sauce, Thousand Island dressing, onion soup mix, or Worcestershire sauce. Many name brand seasoned salt products are also used. Raw hamburger may contain harmful bacteria that can produce food-borne illness", "title": "Hamburger" }, { "id": "14064128", "score": "1.567976", "text": "mayo. The triple burger order contains three beef patties topped with four strips of smoked bacon, American cheese, fresh lettuce, tomato, onion and dill pickle with ketchup and mayo. In May 2009, Wendy's/Arby's Restaurant Group President-CEO Roland Smith told analysts that Wendy's would release a new cheeseburger that: ... will feature juicier beef, an improved bun, bacon cooked from scratch in our stores and improved packaging. We believe this great new cheeseburger will strengthen Wendy's position as having the best tasting and highest quality hamburger in the QSR universe.\" New buns and cooking procedures were introduced for the production of", "title": "Bacon Deluxe" }, { "id": "2034566", "score": "1.5678813", "text": "is sometimes referred to as \"Burgernomics\". The name was popularized by a 1974 advertising campaign featuring a list of the ingredients in a Big Mac: \"Two all-beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions – on a sesame seed bun.\" Big Mac Sauce is delivered to McDonald's restaurants in sealed canisters designed by Sealright, from which it is meant to be directly dispensed using a special calibrated \"sauce gun\" that dispenses a specified amount of the sauce for each pull of the trigger. Its design is similar to a caulking gun. In 2012, McDonald's admitted that \"the special sauce ingredients", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": "2599999", "score": "1.5615399", "text": "with lettuce; consists of the same ingredients as the burgers except buns), and Animal Style (cooked in a thin layer of mustard, adding condiments including pickles, grilled onions, and extra spread). Animal Style fries come with two slices of melted cheese, spread, and grilled onions on top. Whole or sliced chili peppers are also available by request. Both Protein and Animal Style are house specialties that the company has trademarked because of their association with the chain. Until 2005 In-N-Out accommodated burger orders of any size by adding patties and slices of cheese at an additional cost. A particularly famous", "title": "In-N-Out Burger" }, { "id": "2902672", "score": "1.5613978", "text": "versions, including the McDLT, the Arch Deluxe, and the Big N' Tasty. The Whopper is a hamburger, consisting of a flame grilled beef patty, sesame seed bun, mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato, pickles, ketchup, and sliced onion. Optional ingredients such as American cheese, bacon, mustard, guacamole or jalapeño peppers may be added upon request. Regional and international condiments include BBQ sauce and salsa. Burger King will also add any condiment it sells upon request, as per its long-standing slogan \"Have It Your Way\". It is available with one, two or three beef patties and in a smaller version called the Whopper Jr,", "title": "Whopper" }, { "id": "19871612", "score": "1.5530791", "text": "the menu of every American McDonald's, and in 1969, it accounted for 19% of total sales. According to a 1970s jingle the burger contains: \"two all-beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame-seed bun.\" Interviewed by the \"Los Angeles Times\" in 1993, Delligatti agreed that he was not the inventor of the double-decker burger: \"This wasn't like discovering the lightbulb. The bulb was already there. All I did was screw it in the socket.\" In an interview with a Pittsburgh television station, Delligatti said that he had received no royalty payments for the creation of the Big", "title": "Jim Delligatti" }, { "id": "6887009", "score": "1.5497963", "text": "- Cheese Optional, Mayo, Lettuce, Pickles Toasted Cheese - 2 Slices of Cheese on an inverted bun, Mayo, Lettuce, Tomato Big Chicken - Cheese, Mayo, Spicy Mustard, Lettuce Tomato Big Pal - Cheese Optional, Mayo, Lettuce, Tomato, Onion Double Big Pal - 2 Large Meat Patties, Cheese Optional, Mayo, Lettuce, Tomato, Onion Junior Burger - Cheese Optional, Mayo, Lettuce, Tomato, Onion Double Junior Burger - 2 Small Meat Patties, Cheese Optional, Mayo, Lettuce, Tomato, Onion Chili Burger - Small or Large, Chili, Cheese, Onion Sauceburger - Small Meat Patty in Pal's Signature Sauce Patty Melt (Seasonal) Hot Dog - Mustard,", "title": "Pal's" }, { "id": "1955567", "score": "1.5479085", "text": "paprika, Texas BBQ sauce, buffalo wing, and cajun. A \"low-fat\" variety was also sold. Examples of limited edition flavors include jalapeño, honey mustard, cheesy fries, onion blossom, mozzarella cheese stick, screamin' dill pickle, and Mexican-layered dip. In 2012, they brought out seasonal flavors of \"peppermint white chocolate\", cinnamon sugar, and \"pumpkin pie spice\". Other examples of limited runs only in certain parts of the world include as mozzarella stick with marinara in North America and jalapeño in Latin America, also soft-shelled crab, grilled shrimp, seaweed, \"blueberry and hazelnut\", and \"lemon and sesame\" in Asia in early 2010s. The grilled shrimp", "title": "Pringles" }, { "id": "7222239", "score": "1.5476251", "text": "composition that resembled the Big Mac: it had two beef patties, \"King\" sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles and onions on a three-part sesame seed bun. Because its patties are flame-broiled and larger than McDonald's grill fried and seasoned patties, and the formulation of the \"King Sauce\" was different from McDonald's \"Special sauce\", the sandwich had a similar, but not exact, taste and different caloric content. The sandwich was reformulated after the initial test run, removing the center roll. The Double Supreme was advertised with a direct attack on the Big Mac, using the claims that it had 75% more beef and", "title": "Big King" }, { "id": "2034565", "score": "1.5442928", "text": "g) beef patties, \"special sauce\" (a variant of Thousand Island dressing), iceberg lettuce, American cheese, pickles, and onions, served in a three-part sesame seed bun. On October 1, 2018, McDonalds announced that it would remove all artificial preservatives, flavors, and coloring from the Big Mac. The Big Mac is known worldwide and is often used as a symbol of American capitalism and decadence. \"The Economist\" has used it as a reference point for comparing the cost of living in different countries – the Big Mac Index – as it is so widely available and is comparable across markets. This index", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": "561587", "score": "1.5425308", "text": "Hungry Jack's (Burger King) \"Aussie Burger\" has tomato, lettuce, onion, cheese, bacon, beetroot, egg, ketchup and a meat patty. In China, restaurants such as McDonald's and KFC exist, which sell hamburgers. In Japan, hamburgers can be served in a bun, called \"hanbāgā\" (ハンバーガー), or just the patties served without a bun, known as \"hanbāgu\" (ハンバーグ) or \"hamburg\", short for \"hamburg steak\". \"Hamburg steaks\" (served without buns) are similar to what are known as Salisbury steaks in the U.S. They are made from minced beef, pork or a blend of the two mixed with minced onions, egg, breadcrumbs and spices. They", "title": "Hamburger" }, { "id": "561553", "score": "1.528476", "text": "Hamburger A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun. The patty may be pan fried, grilled, or flame broiled. Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns. A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger. The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term", "title": "Hamburger" }, { "id": "9130353", "score": "1.5262462", "text": "lettuce on a sesame seed sub-style bun. Burger King will also add any condiment it sells upon request based on its long standing slogan \"Have It Your Way\". Additionally, Burger King has sold several different promotional varieties throughout the years as limited time offerings (LTO), such as the Philly chicken sandwich with American cheese, peppers and onions or the Angry Chicken Sandwich served with pepper jack cheese, bacon, \"Angry\" sauce, jalapeño slices, mayonnaise, lettuce and tomato. The International Chicken Sandwiches line was introduced in 1988 and is a group of three sandwiches with different toppings that are associated with cuisine", "title": "Burger King Specialty Sandwiches" }, { "id": "79441", "score": "1.5146682", "text": "be pickled together with soy beans, red yeast rice or chili to create different color and flavor. This is more of a pickled type of tofu and is not as strongly scented as stinky tofu. Doufuru has the consistency of slightly soft blue cheese, and a taste similar to Japanese miso paste, but less salty. Doufuru can be used as a spread on steamed buns, or paired with rice congee. Apart from vegetables can be commonly seen, some unique vegetables used in Chinese cuisine include baby corn, bok choy, snow pea pods, Chinese eggplant, Chinese broccoli and straw mushrooms. Other", "title": "Chinese cuisine" }, { "id": "16282554", "score": "1.5141501", "text": "January 19, 2015, an Austin storefront restaurant was opened and in March, plans for a second location in May, were announced. The menu features hybrid cuisine inspired by Korean and Mexican food traditions. Items include Kimchi Fries, Seoul Burritos, Spicy Fries, Tacos, Quesadillas and bulgogi Burgers. Ingredients include combinations of bulgogi, Korean vinaigrette salad, eggs, Monterey Jack Cheese, limejuice, a proprietary \"magic sauce\" and sesame seeds. Its signature food, Kimchi Fries, are covered in caramelized bulgogi, shredded cheddar cheese, chile mayonnaise, yellow onion, chopped fresh cilantro, Thai chile sauce, and sesame seeds. Prior to opening a restaurant location, the business", "title": "Chi'Lantro BBQ" } ]

[ "aden yemen", "aden craiter", "Little Aden", "Aden, Yemen", "aden municipality", "Adem, YM", "'Adan", "aden ym", "Aden, YM", "aden", "Aden", "little aden", "adan", "عدن", "Aden, Craiter", "Aden Municipality", "adem ym" ]

[ { "id": "437524", "score": "2.0033238", "text": "Naval Station memorial for the USS \"Iowa\" turret explosion. There is also another memorial marker placed at Wisconsin Square in the city of Norfolk, near . USS Cole bombing The USS \"Cole\" bombing was a terrorist attack against the United States Navy guided-missile destroyer on 12 October 2000, while it was being refueled in Yemen's Aden harbor. 17 American sailors were killed and 39 injured in the deadliest attack against a United States naval vessel since 1987. The organization al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the attack against the United States. A U.S. judge has held Sudan liable for the attack, while", "title": "USS Cole bombing" }, { "id": "437490", "score": "1.9657346", "text": "USS Cole bombing The USS \"Cole\" bombing was a terrorist attack against the United States Navy guided-missile destroyer on 12 October 2000, while it was being refueled in Yemen's Aden harbor. 17 American sailors were killed and 39 injured in the deadliest attack against a United States naval vessel since 1987. The organization al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the attack against the United States. A U.S. judge has held Sudan liable for the attack, while another has released over $13 million in Sudanese frozen assets to the relatives of those killed. The United States Navy has reconsidered their rules of engagement", "title": "USS Cole bombing" }, { "id": "437491", "score": "1.9217129", "text": "in response to this attack. On the morning of Thursday, 12 October 2000, USS \"Cole\", under the command of Commander Kirk Lippold, docked in Aden harbor for a routine fuel stop. \"Cole\" completed mooring at 9:30; and began refueling at 10:30. Around 11:18 local time (08:18 UTC), a small fiberglass boat carrying C4 explosives and two suicide bombers approached the port side of the destroyer and exploded, creating a gash in the ship's port side, according to the memorial plate to those who lost their lives. Former CIA intelligence officer Robert Finke said the blast appeared to be caused by", "title": "USS Cole bombing" }, { "id": "1609409", "score": "1.9113157", "text": "\"Cole\" participated in Joint Task Force Exercise 00-2 with the battle group, operating within the Cherry Point and Virginia Capes Operating Areas. On 8 August 2000, \"Cole\" departed on deployment, spending much time in the Mediterranean and Adriatic. On 12 October 2000, while at anchor in Aden, \"Cole\" was attacked by Al-Qaeda suicide bombers, who sailed a small boat near the destroyer and detonated explosive charges. The blast created a hole in the port side of the ship about in diameter, killing 17 crewmembers and injuring 39. The ship was under the command of Commander Kirk Lippold. Eleven seriously injured", "title": "USS Cole (DDG-67)" }, { "id": "2460541", "score": "1.897922", "text": "killed, and twelve other crew members were injured. The fire was extinguished, and four days later \"Limburg\" was towed to Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The ship was renamed \"Maritime Jewel\", bought by Tanker Pacific, and repaired at Dubai Drydocks from March to August 2003. The attack caused the short-term collapse of international shipping in the Gulf of Aden and as a result, cost Yemen $3.8 million a month in port revenues. Al Qaeda claimed responsibility for the attack on the Jehad.net website, which has since been shut down. Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, who allegedly also planned the USS \"Cole\" bombing, was", "title": "Maritime Jewel" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "USS Cole bombing\n\nThe USS \"Cole\" bombing was a suicide attack by the terrorist group al-Qaeda against , a guided missile destroyer of the United States Navy, on 12 October 2000, while she was being refueled in Yemen's Aden harbor.\n\nSeventeen U.S. Navy sailors were killed and thirty-seven injured in the deadliest attack against a United States naval vessel since the USS \"Stark\" incident in 1987.\n\nAl-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the attack against the United States. A U.S. judge has held Sudan liable for the attack, while another has released over $13 million in Sudanese frozen assets to the relatives of those killed. The United States Navy has reconsidered its rules of engagement in response to this attack. On 30 October 2020, Sudan and the United States signed a bilateral claims agreement to compensate families of the sailors who died in the bombing. The agreement entered into force in February 2021.", "title": "USS Cole bombing" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "al-Qaeda" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Piracy off the coast of Somalia" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "History of terrorism\n\nThe history of terrorism is a history of well-known and historically significant individuals, entities, and incidents associated, whether rightly or wrongly, with terrorism. Scholars agree that terrorism is a disputed term, and very few of those labeled terrorists describe themselves as such. It is common for opponents in a violent conflict to describe the other side as terrorists or as practicing terrorism.\n\nDepending on how broadly the term is defined, the roots and practice of terrorism can be traced at least to the 1st-century AD Sicarii Zealots, though some dispute whether the group, which assassinated collaborators with Roman rule in the province of Judea, was in fact terrorist. The first use in English of the term 'terrorism' occurred during the French Revolution's Reign of Terror, when the Jacobins, who ruled the revolutionary state, employed violence, including mass executions by guillotine, to compel obedience to the state and intimidate regime enemies. The association of the term only with state violence and intimidation lasted until the mid-19th century, when it began to be associated with non-governmental groups. Anarchism, often in league with rising nationalism and anti-monarchism, was the most prominent ideology linked with terrorism. Near the end of the 19th century, anarchist groups or individuals committed assassinations of a Russian Tsar and a U.S. president.\n\nIn the 20th century, terrorism continued to be associated with a vast array of anarchist, socialist, fascist and nationalist groups, many of them engaged in 'third world' independence struggles. Some scholars also labeled as terrorist the systematic internal violence and intimidation practiced by states such as the Stalinist Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.", "title": "History of terrorism" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1950–1954 ..." }, { "id": "11342470", "score": "1.8871061", "text": "does not mention any country, other than Libya, or non-national actor as a sponsor of terrorism, as opposed to an operational terrorist group. On October 12, 2000, three suicide bombers detonated a skiff packed with explosives alongside the American Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, the USS Cole, which was docked in Aden Harbor, Yemen. The blast blew a hole high and wide in the ship's hull, killed 17 of the ship's crew and injured 30. \"With just slightly more skilled execution, CIA analysts later concluded, the bombers would have killed three hundred and sent the destroyer to the bottom.\" The attack on", "title": "International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA" }, { "id": "1609407", "score": "1.8862901", "text": "October 2000, \"Cole\" was the target of an attack carried out by al-Qaeda in the Yemeni port of Aden, when two suicide bombers detonated explosives carried in a small boat near the warship, killing 17 sailors, injuring 39 others, and damaging the ship. On 29 November 2003, \"Cole\" engaged in her first overseas deployment after the bombing and subsequently returned to her homeport of Norfolk, Virginia, on 27 May 2004 without incident. \"Cole\" was launched on 10 February 1995 and commissioned on 8 June 1996. \"Cole\" was in continual service for the United States Navy for several years after being", "title": "USS Cole (DDG-67)" }, { "id": "8754102", "score": "1.8680892", "text": "Cole bombing, a suicide bombing of the U.S. Navy destroyer USS \"Cole\" harbored in the Yemeni port of Aden. The bombing killed seventeen U.S. sailors. On September 11, 2001, nineteen men affiliated with al-Qaeda hijacked four commercial passenger jets all bound for California, crashing two of them into the World Trade Center in New York City, the third into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and the fourth (originally intended to target Washington, D.C., either the White House or the U.S. Capitol) into an open field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after a revolt by the plane's passengers. As a result of", "title": "History of terrorism" }, { "id": "10944797", "score": "1.8626192", "text": "12 October 2000, the USS \"Cole\" bombing occurred near the port of Yemen, and 17 U.S. Navy sailors were killed. On the morning of September 11, 2001, nineteen men hijacked four jet airliners all bound for California. Once the hijackers assumed control of the jet airliners, they told the passengers that they had a bomb on board and would spare the lives of passengers and crew once their demands were met – no passenger and crew actually suspected that they would use the jet airliners as suicide weapons since it had never happened before in history, and many previous hijacking", "title": "War on Terror" }, { "id": "12427038", "score": "1.8567674", "text": "former associate of al-Qaeda in Iraq, recruited Palestinian refugees in Lebanon into Fatah al-Islam and rose against the government. The exact nature of the group's al-Qaeda links remains a matter of controversy. On 9 May 2008, the media outlet Presstv alleges that Al-Qaeda declared war on Hezbollah. Al-Qaeda was responsible for the USS \"Cole\" bombing was a suicide bombing attack against the U.S. Navy destroyer USS \"Cole\" (DDG 67) on 12 October 2000 while it was harbored in the Yemeni port of Aden. Seventeen American sailors were killed. Al-Qaeda involvement in the Middle East Al-Qaeda involvement in the Middle East", "title": "Al-Qaeda involvement in the Middle East" }, { "id": "1609418", "score": "1.8560936", "text": "June 2006, for the first time since the bombing. While passing the port city of Aden the crew manned the rails to honor the crewmembers killed in the bombing. She returned to her homeport of Norfolk on 6 December 2006, again without incident. On 21 August 2006, the Associated Press reported that \"Cole\"s commanding officer at the time of the bombing, Commander Kirk Lippold, was denied promotion to the rank of Captain. On 28 February 2008, \"Cole\" was sent to take station off Lebanon's coast, the first of an anticipated three-ship flotilla. On 3 February 2017, a U.S. defense official", "title": "USS Cole (DDG-67)" }, { "id": "437493", "score": "1.8470345", "text": "Germany, before being sent to the United States. The attack was the deadliest against a U.S. naval vessel since the Iraqi attack on USS \"Stark\" on 17 May 1987. The asymmetric warfare attack was organized and directed by the terrorist organization al-Qaeda. In June 2001, an al-Qaeda recruitment video featuring Osama bin Laden boasted about the attack and encouraged similar attacks. Al-Qaeda had previously attempted a similar but less publicized attack on the U.S. Navy destroyer while in port at Aden on 3 January 2000, as a part of the 2000 millennium attack plots. The plan was to load a", "title": "USS Cole bombing" }, { "id": "437507", "score": "1.8353682", "text": "had fired on the suicide craft \"...we would have gotten in more trouble for shooting two foreigners than losing seventeen American sailors.\" President Bill Clinton declared, \"If, as it now appears, this was an act of terrorism, it was a despicable and cowardly act. We will find out who was responsible and hold them accountable.\" On 19 January 2001, the U.S. Navy completed and released its Judge Advocate General Manual (JAGMAN) investigation of the incident, concluding that \"Cole\"s commanding officer Commander Kirk Lippold \"...acted reasonably in adjusting his force protection posture based on his assessment of the situation that presented", "title": "USS Cole bombing" }, { "id": "8954853", "score": "1.8348267", "text": "bin Laden summoned al-Nashiri to a meeting in Afghanistan to discuss the failed operation, prompting al-Nashiri to order suicide bombers Hassan al-Khamri and Ibrahim al Thawar (a.k.a. Nibras) to attack the next “US warship” in the port before he left to meet bin Laden. The second attack did reach its target the USS \"Cole\", on October 12, 2000, killing 17 people and wounding 40 others. However, the terrorist attack on the USS \"Cole\" failed to produce valuable propaganda footage for al Qa'ida since there was no one there to film it happening. Fahd Mohammed Ahmed al-Quso was ordered to film", "title": "Fahd al-Quso" }, { "id": "2155936", "score": "1.8143613", "text": "successful attack by Yemeni insurgents in a speedboat packed with explosives on the guided missile destroyer USS \"Cole\" in 2000 could be described as an extension of the idea of a fireship. Another explosive ship attack took place in April 2004, during the Iraq War, when three motor craft laden with explosives attempted the bombing of Khawr Al Amaya Oil Terminal in the Persian Gulf. In an apparent suicide bombing, one blew up and sank a rigid inflatable boat from USS \"Firebolt\" as it pulled up alongside, killing two US Navy personnel and one member of the US Coast Guard.", "title": "Fire ship" }, { "id": "3837951", "score": "1.8140526", "text": "to sink. The next attempt was the USS \"Cole\" bombing, which was successful. Seventeen U.S. sailors were killed, and many more were injured. This terrorist attack made al-Nashiri prominent within al-Qaeda, and he allegedly was made the chief of operations for the Arabian Peninsula. He organized the \"Limburg\" tanker bombing in 2002 of a French-flagged vessel off Yemen, and he may have planned other attacks as well. In November 2002, al-Nashiri was captured in the United Arab Emirates. He is in American military custody in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, having previously been held at some secret locations. On September", "title": "Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri" }, { "id": "3840424", "score": "1.7935588", "text": "the attack on the American destroyer USS \"Cole\" two years earlier. Saudi born Abdulraheem al-Nashiri, prime suspect of the USS Cole bombing (currently in the US custody), paid $40,000 to fund the Limburg attack. With that money, the former Al Qaida leader Abu Ali al-Harithi bought the explosives and transported them from his house in Shabwa to Mukalla in Hadramut. Later in 2002, Al-Harithi was killed by the CIA with a missile fired from a Predator drone. Al-Rabeiee's conviction also included the bombing of civil aviation authority building in April 2002 and the attack on a helicopter carrying Hunt Oil", "title": "Fawaz al-Rabeiee" }, { "id": "9810276", "score": "1.7930106", "text": "the Associated Press that attacks by al-Qaeda in southern Yemen was an indication of its increasing strength. al-Qaeda was responsible for the USS \"Cole\" bombing in October 2000 in the southern port of Aden, killing 17 U.S. sailors. In 2002, an al-Qaeda attack damaged a French supertanker in the Gulf of Aden. The Global Terrorism Database attributes the 2004 Khobar massacre to the group. In this guise, it is also known as \"The Jerusalem Squadron.\" In addition to a number of attacks in Saudi Arabia, and the kidnap and murder of Paul Marshall Johnson Jr. in Riyadh in 2004, the", "title": "Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula" }, { "id": "437494", "score": "1.7924004", "text": "boat full of explosives and explode it near \"The Sullivans\". However, the boat was so overladen that it sank, forcing the attack to be abandoned. Planning for the attack was discussed at the Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit shortly after the attempt, which was held from 5 to 8 January 2000. Along with other plotters, it was attended by future 11 September hijacker Khalid al-Mihdhar, who then traveled to San Diego, California. On 10 June 2000, Mihdhar left San Diego to visit his wife in Yemen at a house also used as a communications hub for al-Qaeda. After the bombing, Yemeni", "title": "USS Cole bombing" }, { "id": "19264", "score": "1.7828832", "text": "would include the bombing of Christian holy sites in Jordan, the bombing of Los Angeles International Airport by Ahmed Ressam, and the bombing of the . On October 12, 2000, al-Qaeda militants in Yemen bombed the missile destroyer \"USS Cole\" in a suicide attack, killing 17 US servicemen and damaging the vessel while it lay offshore. Inspired by the success of such a brazen attack, al-Qaeda's command core began to prepare for an attack on the US itself. The September 11 attacks were the most devastating terrorist acts in American history, killing 2,977 people, including 2,507 civilians, 343 firefighters, 72", "title": "Al-Qaeda" } ]

[ "Hall of Justice", "hall of justice" ]

[ { "id": "11493587", "score": "1.6155379", "text": "Super Friends (1973 TV series) Superfriends is a 1973 animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera and National Periodical Publications. It is based on the \"Justice League\" comic books, and is the first incarnation of the \"Super Friends\" series. \"Super Friends\" first aired on ABC on September 8, 1973, featuring the well known DC characters Superman, Batman and Robin, Wonder Woman, and Aquaman. Superman, Batman and Aquaman had each previously appeared in their own animated series produced by Filmation, and voice talent from these prior programs was brought over to work on the new show. Shortly before the \"Super Friends\" series was", "title": "Super Friends (1973 TV series)" }, { "id": "11493592", "score": "1.6014531", "text": "Volume One set of the original 1973 series of \"Super Friends\" was presented in its original, uncut hour-long version, just as they originally aired on ABC. On July 20, 2010 they released Volume Two which was also a 2 disc set and contained the remaining eight episodes of the series. Super Friends (1973 TV series) Superfriends is a 1973 animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera and National Periodical Publications. It is based on the \"Justice League\" comic books, and is the first incarnation of the \"Super Friends\" series. \"Super Friends\" first aired on ABC on September 8, 1973, featuring the well", "title": "Super Friends (1973 TV series)" }, { "id": "2039170", "score": "1.5574031", "text": "episode of \"Super Friends\" would feature a rerun from one of the previous six years and three new shorts. These new adventures featured appearances by the core group of five Super Friends and Zan, Jayna & Gleek. There were also guest appearances from members previously depicted in \"Challenge of the Super Friends\" and the Hanna-Barbera-created hero El Dorado, who was added to the show in 1981 to provide cultural diversity. This would prove to be one of the longer-lived incarnations of the series (three years). A total of 22 episodes were produced. For the 1982–1983 television season ABC ran half-hour", "title": "Super Friends" }, { "id": "11551011", "score": "1.5539515", "text": "\"Super Friends\" series), in favor of the production of seven-minute shorts. Each hour long episode of \"Super Friends\" would feature a half-hour rerun from one of the previous six years along with three new shorts. Meanwhile, the second season from 1981–1982 was a shorter season due to a writers' strike. These new adventures featured appearances by the core group of the five classic Super Friends (Aquaman, Batman, Robin, Superman and Wonder Woman) along with Zan, Jayna & Gleek. A 1981 episode titled \"Evil From Krypton\" depicted the Superman's Fortress of Solitude with a somewhat crystalline exterior and without the giant", "title": "Super Friends (1980 TV series)" }, { "id": "11493590", "score": "1.5450274", "text": "aims with the assistance of the heroes. Natural disasters triggered by human (or alien) activity were often shown, and environmental themes featured strongly in the program. Some guest stars from the broader Justice League were featured during this season including the Flash, Plastic Man, and Green Arrow. Plastic Man made his animated debut in a cameo appearance in the episode \"Professor Goodfellow’s G.E.E.C.\" voiced by Norman Alden. Superman calls him in to extract a mouse from a computer system. Green Arrow appeared in the episode \"Gulliver's Gigantic Goof\" and was voiced by Norman Alden. He was referred to as a", "title": "Super Friends (1973 TV series)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Batman" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Flash in other media\n\nThroughout his 80-year history, the Flash has appeared in numerous media.", "title": "Flash in other media" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Hal Jordan\n\nHarold \"Hal\" Jordan, one of the characters known as Green Lantern, is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created in 1959 by writer John Broome and artist Gil Kane, and first appeared in \"Showcase\" #22 (October 1959). Hal Jordan is a reinvention of the previous Green Lantern who appeared in 1940s comic books as the character Alan Scott.\n\nHal Jordan is a former fighter pilot who works for Ferris Aircraft as a test pilot, a member and occasionally leader of an intergalactic police force called the Green Lantern Corps, as well as a founding member of the Justice League, DC's flagship superhero team, alongside well-known heroes such as Batman, Superman, and Wonder Woman. He fights evil across the universe with a ring that grants him a variety of superpowers, but is usually portrayed as one of the protectors of Sector 2814, which is the sector where Earth resides. His powers derive from his power ring and Green Lantern battery, which in the hands of someone capable of overcoming great fear allows the user to channel their will power into creating all manner of fantastic constructs. Jordan uses this power to fly, even through the vacuum of space; to create shields, swords, and lasers; and to construct his Green Lantern costume, which protects his secret identity in his civilian life on Earth. Jordan and all other Green Lanterns are monitored and empowered by the mysterious Guardians of the Universe, who were developed from an idea editor Julius Schwartz and Broome had originally conceived years prior in a story featuring Captain Comet in \"Strange Adventures #22\" (July 1952) entitled \"Guardians of the Clockwork Universe\".\n\nDuring the 1990s, Jordan also appeared as a villain. The story line \"Emerald Twilight\" saw a Jordan traumatized by the supervillain Mongul's destruction of Jordan's hometown Coast City, adopt the name \"Parallax\", and threaten to destroy the universe. In subsequent years, DC Comics rehabilitated the character, first by having Jordan seek redemption for his actions as Parallax, and later by revealing that Parallax was in fact an evil cosmic entity that corrupted Jordan and took control of his actions. Between the character's stint as Parallax and his return to DC Comics as a heroic Green Lantern once more, the character also briefly served as the Spectre, a supernatural character in DC Comics stories who acts as God's wrathful agent on Earth.\n\nOutside of comics, Hal Jordan has appeared in various animated projects, video games and live-action. Jordan's original design in the comics was based on actor Paul Newman, and the character is ranked 7th on IGN's in the Top 100 Comic Book Heroes in 2011. In 2013, Hal Jordan placed 4th on IGN's Top 25 Heroes of DC Comics.\n\nHal Jordan made his cinematic debut in the 2011 film \"Green Lantern\", played by Ryan Reynolds.", "title": "Hal Jordan" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of dystopian films\n\nThis is a list of dystopian films. Dystopian societies appear in many speculative fiction works and are often found within the science fiction and fantasy genres. \"Dystopias\" are often characterized by dehumanization, totalitarian governments, ruthless megacorporations, environmental disasters, or other characteristics associated with a dramatic decline in society. \n", "title": "List of dystopian films" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Secret Society of Super Villains\n\nSecret Society of Super Villains (SSoSV) is a DC Comics title that debuted in May–June 1976. The series presented a group of DC's supervillains, mostly foes of the Justice League of America. The series was cancelled with issue #15 in July 1978, as part of the DC Implosion, a period when DC suddenly cancelled dozens of comics.\n\nIn the decades following the cancellation of the original book, the fictional group has returned in many forms.", "title": "Secret Society of Super Villains" }, { "id": "11493591", "score": "1.5375419", "text": "\"Staunch member of the Justice League of America.\" This first run of \"Super Friends\", consisting of sixteen one-hour episodes that were rerun several times, concluded on August 24, 1974. At this point, the series was cancelled and did not appear on the fall lineup for 1974. Warner Home Video (via Hanna-Barbera Productions, DC Entertainment and Warner Bros. Family Entertainment) released \"Super Friends! - Season One, Volume One\" on DVD in Region 1 on January 5, 2010. Volume One was a 2 disc set of the first eight episodes of the series at a retail price of $26.99. the Season One,", "title": "Super Friends (1973 TV series)" }, { "id": "2039161", "score": "1.5257504", "text": "the \"Scooby-Doo\" franchise, was ubiquitous in Hanna-Barbera cartoons of the 1970s. Each episode began with the heroes responding to an emergency detected by the massive TroubAlert computer in the Hall of Justice, which served as the headquarters of the team. Colonel Wilcox, a U.S. Army official, was a recurring character who would act as a government liaison with the Super Friends during emergencies. Colonel Wilcox was voiced by John Stephenson. Conflicts were usually resolved with the antagonists persuaded to adapt more reasonable methods to achieve their aims (with the assistance of the heroes). Natural disasters triggered by human (or alien)", "title": "Super Friends" }, { "id": "2039163", "score": "1.5252328", "text": "a mid-season replacement, running from February 7, 1976, to September 3, 1977. These episodes were edited into half-hour versions. At the same time DC Comics published a \"Super Friends\" comic, which used Wendy and Marvin from issue #1 (Nov 1976) to #6 (Aug. 1977). In the meantime, Hanna-Barbera began production on a revamped version of the show. \"The All-New Super Friends Hour\" featured four animated shorts per program. Wendy, Marvin and Wonder Dog were dropped from this and all future TV iterations of \"Super Friends\", and were replaced by Wonder Twins Zan and Jayna, and their pet monkey, Gleek. Unlike", "title": "Super Friends" }, { "id": "10230438", "score": "1.5223591", "text": "the fortress after the art deco Union Terminal in Cincinnati, Ohio, a train station turned museum. Cincinnati was also where Hanna-Barbera's corporate parent of the time, Taft Broadcasting, happened to be based. The Hall serves as the central meeting point for the Super Friends. Wonder Woman's Invisible Jet and the Batmobile would often be spotted resting on the front lawn, near the large fountain and sculpture that were ever present. The Hall contains the \"TroublAlert\", a computerized monitoring station that would warn the heroes of a new threat. The Hall also houses a giant computer that the Super Friends use", "title": "Hall of Justice (comics)" }, { "id": "11551016", "score": "1.5187614", "text": "In the uncharted void of deep space. An incredible 5th dimension of space and time, lies parallel to the universe that we know. This interesting interstellar warp which holds the most sinister and ruthless criminals in the galaxy is the infamous Phantom Zone.\"\" The molecular structure of any person exiled in the Zone appears white and black. Batman's devices and the Wonder Twins' Exxor Powers are useless within the Phantom Zone. For the 1982–1983 season, ABC continued to run a half-hour of reruns called \"The Best of the Super Friends\", but none of the seven minute shorts were rebroadcast. By", "title": "Super Friends (1980 TV series)" }, { "id": "2039174", "score": "1.5150671", "text": "by Kenner. In fall 1985 the next version of Hanna-Barbera's depiction of the DC Comics heroes began, although it no longer carried the \"Super Friends\" name. This series returned to a conventional lineup for the team, with a focus on teen members Cyborg and Firestorm. Once again headquartered at the Hall of Justice in Metropolis, the heroes battled such familiar foes as Lex Luthor, Brainiac, the Scarecrow and recurring villain Darkseid. It also contained the only appearances by The Joker, The Penguin, the Royal Flush Gang and Felix Faust. Most notably it is in this series that Batman's origin is", "title": "Super Friends" }, { "id": "2039154", "score": "1.5148923", "text": "Super Friends Super Friends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes, which ran from 1973 to 1986 on ABC as part of its Saturday morning cartoon lineup. It was produced by Hanna-Barbera and was based on the Justice League of America and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics. The name of the program (and the Justice League members featured with the Super Friends) has been variously represented (as \"Super Friends\" and \"Challenge of the Super Friends\", for example) at different points in its broadcast history. There were a total of 109 episodes and two", "title": "Super Friends" }, { "id": "11493589", "score": "1.512521", "text": "honorary member Snapper Carr from the Justice League Of America comic book, who was meant to be a viewpoint character the readers could relate to. Each episode would begin with the heroes responding to an emergency detected by the massive TroubAlert computer that was situated within the Hall of Justice which served as the headquarters of the team. Colonel Wilcox, a U.S. Army official, was a recurring character who would work as a government liaison to the Super Friends during emergencies. As such conflicts are often ultimately resolved with the antagonists persuaded to adapt more reasonable methods to achieve their", "title": "Super Friends (1973 TV series)" }, { "id": "9398588", "score": "1.5043813", "text": "The World's Greatest Super Friends The World's Greatest Superfriends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes which ran from September 22, 1979, to September 27, 1980, on ABC. It was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and is based on the Justice League and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics. This particular incarnation of \"Super Friends\" relied heavily on folklore and classic fairy tales for plots. One episode in particular, \"The Lord of Middle Earth\", was inspired by the novel \"The Lord of the Rings\", in which the team journeys to Middle-earth to save the inhabitants", "title": "The World's Greatest Super Friends" }, { "id": "11551019", "score": "1.4951928", "text": "Season one episodes would be released on DVD as \"Super Friends - Season 5: A Dangerous Fate\", on July 23, 2013. Warner Home Video also announced that \"Super Friends: Legacy of Super Powers - Season 6\" would be released on DVD on October 8, 2013. With the release of Season 6, the entire Super Friends series is available on DVD. Super Friends (1980 TV series) Super Friends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes which ran from 1980 to 1982 on ABC. It was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and is based on the Justice League and", "title": "Super Friends (1980 TV series)" }, { "id": "2039167", "score": "1.4949784", "text": "the show introduced the Legion of Doom, a team of 13 recurring foes who are the Super Friends' worst enemies. They used a swamp-based mechanical flying headquarters, the Hall of Doom (resembling the helmet of Darth Vader), as a contrast to the Super Friends' gleaming Hall of Justice. A total of 16 episodes were produced. Additional heroes who had previously appeared as guest stars were added to the roster as well, to make a total of 11. These included The Flash, Green Lantern and Hawkman from DC Comics and three Hanna-Barbera creations: Black Vulcan, Apache Chief, and Samurai. Despite the", "title": "Super Friends" }, { "id": "2039159", "score": "1.4938624", "text": "and Warner Bros. Animation. \"Super Friends\" first aired on ABC on September 8, 1973, featuring well-known DC characters Superman, Batman and Robin, Wonder Woman, and Aquaman. Superman, Batman and Robin, and Aquaman had each previously appeared in their own animated series produced by Filmation, and voice talent from these prior programs was brought in to work on the new show (with the exception of Marvin Miller who was replaced by Norman Alden as the voice of Aquaman). Shortly before the \"Super Friends\" series was developed, Superman and Wonder Woman also guest-starred in two episodes of \"The Brady Kids\" (voiced by", "title": "Super Friends" }, { "id": "9419917", "score": "1.4912298", "text": "Challenge of the Super Friends Challenge of the Superfriends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes which ran from September 9, 1978, to December 23, 1978, on ABC. The complete series (16 episodes) was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions for Warner Bros. Television and is based on the Justice League and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics and created by Julius Schwartz, Gardner Fox and Mike Sekowsky. It was the third series of \"Super Friends\" cartoons, following the original \"Super Friends\" in 1973 and \"The All-New Super Friends Hour\" in 1977. It continued to air", "title": "Challenge of the Super Friends" }, { "id": "2039169", "score": "1.4792631", "text": "to their prior format, bringing back the original set of five DC superheroes and Zan, Jayna and Gleek. Eight half-hour episodes were created for this run, with the majority of the season consisting of repeats of \"The All-New Super Friends Hour\" from 1977 to 1978 and The Super Friends segments from \"Challenge of the Super Friends\" from 1978 to 1979. Renamed \"The World's Greatest Super Friends\", this series began on September 22, 1979, and ran until September 27, 1980. Renamed \"Super Friends\" in 1980, the series changed formats again, abandoning the production of half-hour episodes and producing seven-minute shorts. Each", "title": "Super Friends" }, { "id": "11551010", "score": "1.477628", "text": "Super Friends (1980 TV series) Super Friends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes which ran from 1980 to 1982 on ABC. It was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and is based on the Justice League and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics. It was the fifth incarnation of the \"Super Friends\" series following \"Super Friends\" (1973), \"The All-New Super Friends Hour\" (1977), \"Challenge of the Super Friends\" (1978) and \"The World's Greatest Super Friends\" (1979). With \"Super Friends\", the series abandoned the production of half-hour episodes (which was the case for the previous two", "title": "Super Friends (1980 TV series)" } ]

[ "acappela", "accapella", "contemporary cappella", "Acappella", "Capella music", "acappella", "capela", "cappellas", "A Capella", "acapella", "cappela", "A-Capella", "Accapella", "Unaccompanied", "ACappella", "A cappella", "A capella", "unaccompanied", "Contemporary a cappella", "A Cappela", "capella", "A-Capela", "In the church style", "A cappela", "arcapella", "Acapella", "A-cappella", "ACappela", "Arcapella", "A Cappella", "A capela", "A cappellas", "cappella", "A-capella", "capella music", "Recorded A Cappella Review Board", "in church style", "A-Cappella", "ACapella", "A-capela", "A'cappella", "A'capella", "A-Cappela", "Acappela", "recorded cappella review board", "A-cappela" ]

[ { "id": "8147693", "score": "1.5438722", "text": "the pastoral office, ... a leading one is without question that of maintaining and promoting the decorum of the House of God in which the august mysteries of religion are celebrated...\" By the late nineteenth century, \"operatic Church-music\" was dominant in Italy. Churches were known to set Latin texts to such secular favorites as the sextet from Donizetti's \"Lucia di Lammermoor\" or the quartet from Verdi's \"Rigoletto\". A movement for liturgical reform, including scholarship devoted to early Church practice and Gregorian Chant performance, had developed over the course of the nineteenth century. Local jurisdictions implemented changes independent of direction from", "title": "Tra le sollecitudini" }, { "id": "7049625", "score": "1.5039701", "text": "exist now, existed then. The call and response nature of much popular choral singing in the Middle Ages—that is, a soloist singing a line that is then answered by a group—found its way into medieval church music as a way of involving all members of the congregation. The complicated polyphonies of what is called the Ars Nova began to be heard in the 14th century and 15th century; popular items such as madrigals employed increasing dense overlays of different melodies sung at the same time, the point being to create an interwoven and euphonious texture of sound; this is NOT", "title": "Italian classical music" }, { "id": "26746", "score": "1.4844109", "text": "Thiessen making drum noises and played them with an electronic drum machine to record the song. A cappella A cappella (; Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is usually accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led", "title": "A cappella" }, { "id": "7049619", "score": "1.4828174", "text": "Italian classical music Plainsong, also known as plainchant, and more specifically Gregorian, Ambrosian, and Gallican chants, refer generally to a style of monophonic, unaccompanied, early Christian singing performed by monks and developed in the Roman Catholic Church mainly during the period 800-1000 . The differences may be marginal—or even great, in some cases. These differences reflect the great ethnic, cultural and linguistic diversity that existed after the fall of the Roman Empire on the Italian peninsula. Different monastic traditions arose within the Roman Catholic Church throughout Italy, but at different places and at different times. Even a musical non-specialist can", "title": "Italian classical music" }, { "id": "11515224", "score": "1.4654701", "text": "manner, in which one or more of the voices sings in a more declamatory style, anticipating later developments in the century such as the solo madrigal, and an increasing importance of soprano and bass parts; prior to this time, especially in the contrapuntal style of the Franco-Flemish school in the 1540s, absolute evenness of parts was an ideal, in which no one part predominated in the texture. Occasionally he used a repeating melody in the soprano line, with the lower parts accompanying it differently each time it recurs. This most likely shows the influence of Francesco Corteccia, the famous musician", "title": "Hoste da Reggio" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "A cappella\n\nA cappella (, , ; ) music is a performance by a singer or a singing group without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato musical styles. In the 19th century, a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony, coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists, led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music.", "title": "A cappella" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Medieval music\n\nMedieval music encompasses the sacred and secular music of Western Europe during the Middle Ages, from approximately the 6th to 15th centuries. It is the first and longest major era of Western classical music and followed by the Renaissance music; the two eras comprise what musicologists generally term as early music, preceding the common practice period. Following the traditional division of the Middle Ages, medieval music can be divided into Early (500–1150), High (1000–1300), and Late (1300–1400) medieval music.\n\nMedieval music includes liturgical music used for the church, and secular music, non-religious music; solely vocal music, such as Gregorian chant and choral music (music for a group of singers), solely instrumental music, and music that uses both voices and instruments (typically with the instruments accompanying the voices). Gregorian chant was sung by monks during Catholic Mass. The Mass is a reenactment of Christ's Last Supper, intended to provide a spiritual connection between man and God. Part of this connection was established through music.\n\nDuring the medieval period the foundation was laid for the music notation and music theory practices that would shape Western music into the norms that developed during the Common Practice period of shared music writing practices which encompassed the Baroque era (1600–1750), Classical era (1750–1820) and Romantic era (1800–1910). The most significant of these is the development of a comprehensive music notational system which enabled composers to write out their song melodies and instrumental pieces on parchment or paper. Prior to the development of musical notation, songs and pieces had to be learned \"by ear\", from one person who knew a song to another person. This greatly limited how many people could be taught new music and how wide music could spread to other regions or countries. The development of music notation made it easier to disseminate (spread) songs and musical pieces to a larger number of people and to a wider geographic area. However the theoretical advances, particularly in regard to rhythm—the timing of notes—and polyphony—using multiple, interweaving melodies at the same time—are equally important to the development of Western music.", "title": "Medieval music" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Opera" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Singing\n\nSinging is the act of creating musical sounds with the voice. A person who sings is called a singer, artist or vocalist (in jazz and/or popular music). Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.) that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir. Singers may perform as soloists or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Different singing styles include art music such as opera and Chinese opera, Indian music, Japanese music, and religious music styles such as gospel, traditional music styles, world music, jazz, blues, ghazal, and popular music styles such as pop, rock, and electronic dance music.\n\nSinging can be formal or informal, arranged, or improvised. It may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual as part of music education or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice. If practice is done regularly then the sounds can become clearer and stronger. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific musical genre, such as classical or rock, although there are singers with crossover success (singing in more than one genre). Professional singers usually take voice training provided by voice teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers.", "title": "Singing" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Renaissance music" }, { "id": "2354195", "score": "1.4586712", "text": "the centre of the Mediterranean; Celtic, Roma, and Slavic influences, as well as rough geography and the historic dominance of small city states, have all combined to allow diverse musical styles to coexist in close proximity. Italian folk styles are very diverse, and include monophonic, polyphonic, and responsorial song, choral, instrumental and vocal music, and other styles. Choral singing and polyphonic song forms are primarily found in northern Italy, while south of Naples, solo singing is more common, and groups usually use unison singing in two or three parts carried by a single performer. Northern ballad-singing is syllabic, with a", "title": "Music of Italy" }, { "id": "2354182", "score": "1.456199", "text": "its apex around 1900 with the ascent of Don Lorenzo Perosi and his supporter (and future saint), Pope Pius X. The advent of Vatican II, however, nearly obliterated all Latin-language music from the Church, once again substituting it with a more popular style. The dominance of opera in Italian music tends to overshadow the important area of instrumental music. Historically, such music includes the vast array of sacred instrumental music, instrumental concertos, and orchestral music in the works of Andrea Gabrieli, Giovanni Gabrieli, Tomaso Albinoni, Arcangelo Corelli, Antonio Vivaldi, Luigi Boccherini, Luigi Cherubini and Domenico Scarlatti. (Even opera composers occasionally", "title": "Music of Italy" }, { "id": "8532031", "score": "1.454048", "text": "the Italian folk hymns known as spiritual laude. Between 1317 and 1319, Marchettus of Padua wrote the \"Lucidarium in artae musicae planae\" and the \"Pomerium artis musicae mensuratae\", major treatises on plainchant and polyphony, expounding a theory of rhythmic notation that paved the way for Trecento music (Italian \"ars nova\"). Around 1335, the \"Rossi Codex\", the earliest extant collection of Italian secular polyphony, included examples of indigenous Italian genres of the Trecento including early \"madrigals\", \"cacce\", and \"ballate\". The early madrigal was simpler than the more well-known later madrigals, usually consisting of tercets arranged polyphonically for two voices, with a", "title": "Music history of Italy" }, { "id": "266273", "score": "1.4530935", "text": "as \"Trecento\". Italian music has alway been known for its lyrical or melodic character, and this goes back to the 14th century in many respects. Italian secular music of this time (what little surviving liturgical music there is, is similar to the French except for somewhat different notation) featured what has been called the \"cantalina\" style, with a florid top voice supported by two (or even one; a fair amount of Italian Trecento music is for only two voices) that are more regular and slower moving. This type of texture remained a feature of Italian music in the popular 15th", "title": "Medieval music" }, { "id": "2354201", "score": "1.4530177", "text": "songs that celebrate weddings, baptisms and other important events, dance songs, cattle calls and occupational songs, tied to professions such as fishermen, shepherds and soldiers. Ballads (\"canti epico-lirici\") and lyric songs (\"canti lirico-monostrofici\") are two important categories. Ballads are most common in northern Italy, while lyric songs prevail further south. Ballads are closely tied to the English form, with some British ballads existing in exact correspondence with an Italian song. Other Italian ballads are more closely based on French models. Lyric songs are a diverse category that consist of lullabies, serenades and work songs, and are frequently improvised though based", "title": "Music of Italy" }, { "id": "26699", "score": "1.4527326", "text": "A cappella A cappella (; Italian for \"in the manner of the chapel\") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is usually accompanied singing. The term \"a cappella\" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely,", "title": "A cappella" }, { "id": "2354181", "score": "1.4500196", "text": "nations, has a long history of music for the Roman Catholic Church. Until approximately 1800, it was possible to hear Gregorian Chant and Renaissance polyphony, such as the music of Palestrina, Lassus, Anerio, and others. Approximately 1800 to approximately 1900 was a century during which a more popular, operatic, and entertaining type of church music was heard, to the exclusion of the aforementioned chant and polyphony. In the late 19th century, the Cecilian Movement was started by musicians who fought to restore this music. This movement gained impetus not in Italy but in Germany, particularly in Regensburg. The movement reached", "title": "Music of Italy" }, { "id": "7049640", "score": "1.4443119", "text": "gave way to Minimalist music. But abstraction and atonality and, simply, \"difficult\" music did come to Italy after the death of Puccini. Among the most important Italian names in 20th-century music are Luciano Berio, Luigi Dallapiccola, and Goffredo Petrassi. Italian classical music Plainsong, also known as plainchant, and more specifically Gregorian, Ambrosian, and Gallican chants, refer generally to a style of monophonic, unaccompanied, early Christian singing performed by monks and developed in the Roman Catholic Church mainly during the period 800-1000 . The differences may be marginal—or even great, in some cases. These differences reflect the great ethnic, cultural and", "title": "Italian classical music" }, { "id": "2354199", "score": "1.4435065", "text": "Trento \"folk choirs\" are the most common form of music making. Noticeable musical differences in the southern type include increased use of interval part singing and a greater variety of folk instruments. The Celtic and Slavic influences on the group and open-voice choral works of the north yield to a stronger Arabic, Greek, and North African-influenced strident monody of the south. In parts of Apulia (Grecìa Salentina, for example) the Griko dialect is commonly used in song. The Apulian city of Taranto is a home of the tarantella, a rhythmic dance widely performed in southern Italy. Apulian music in general,", "title": "Music of Italy" }, { "id": "2137674", "score": "1.4417559", "text": "brought their polyphonic style with them, influencing many native Italian composers during their stay. The predominant forms of church music during the period were the mass and the motet. By far the most famous composer of church music in 16th-century Italy was Palestrina, the most prominent member of the Roman School, whose style of smooth, emotionally cool polyphony was to become the defining sound of the late 16th century, at least for generations of 19th- and 20th-century musicologists. Other Italian composers of the late 16th century focused on composing the main secular form of the era, the madrigal: and for", "title": "Italian Renaissance" }, { "id": "8532026", "score": "1.4396071", "text": "Crusades. The earliest extant music in the West is \"plainsong\", a kind of monophonic, unaccompanied, early Christian singing performed by Roman Catholic monks, which was largely developed roughly between the 7th and 12th centuries. Although Gregorian chant has its roots in Roman chant and is popularly associated with Rome, it is not indigenous to Italy, nor was it the earliest nor the only Western plainchant tradition. Ireland, Spain, and France each developed a local plainchant tradition, but only in Italy did several chant traditions thrive simultaneously: Ambrosian chant in Milan, Old Roman chant in Rome, and Beneventan chant in Benevento", "title": "Music history of Italy" }, { "id": "545707", "score": "1.42763", "text": "of two or three arias joined by recitative. George Frideric Handel's numerous Italian duets and trios are examples on a rather large scale. His Latin motet \"Silete Venti\", for soprano solo, shows the use of this form in church music. The Italian solo cantata tended, when on a large scale, to become indistinguishable from a scene in an opera, in the same way the church cantata, solo or choral, is indistinguishable from a small oratorio or portion of an oratorio. This is equally evident whether one examines the church cantatas of Bach, of which nearly 200 are extant (see List", "title": "Cantata" }, { "id": "26704", "score": "1.4269755", "text": "parts which were the quoted parts from either Christ or the authors were performed in a plainchant. In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches, the music performed in the liturgies is exclusively sung without instrumental accompaniment. Bishop Kallistos Ware says, \"The service is sung, even though there may be no choir... In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church, singing is unaccompanied and instrumental music is not found.\" This \"a cappella\" behavior arises from strict interpretation of Psalms 150, which states, \"Let every thing that hath breath praise the Lord. Praise", "title": "A cappella" }, { "id": "7049675", "score": "1.4240165", "text": "(1983). The northern regions of Italy historically exhibited Celtic and Slavic influences in their cultures. Roots revivalists have revived traditional songs, though, from Piedmont (La Ciapa Rusa, Tre Martelli), Lombardy (Barabàn, Pandemonio) and Veneto (Calicanto). The Genoese docks are the home of trallalero, a polyphonic vocal style with five voices, one of which imitates a guitar. It arose in the 1920s and includes modern groups like La Squadra -- Compagnia del Trallalero and Laura Parodi. The highly urban provinces of northern and central Italy are also known for the medieval sung poetry ottava rima, especially in Tuscany, Lazio and Abruzzo.", "title": "Italian folk music" }, { "id": "4458645", "score": "1.4235406", "text": "practise of performing polyphonic madrigals with one singer accompanied by an instrumental rendition of the other parts, as well as the rising popularity of more popular, more homophonic vocal genres such as the frottola and the villanella. In these latter two genres, the increasing tendency was toward a more homophonic texture, with the top part featuring an elaborate, active melody, and the lower ones (usually these were three-part compositions, as opposed to the four-or-more-part madrigal) a less active supporting structure. From this, it was only a small step to fully-fledged monody. All such works tended to set humanist poetry of", "title": "Italian opera" } ]

[ "Radio Detection and Ranging", "radar system", "centimetric radar", "radio detecting and ranging", "Radar illumination", "Radar Homing and Warning", "Radar system", "Radar distance measurement", "Centimetric radar", "Radar communication", "Radars", "Air search radar", "airport radar", "radio detection and ranging", "radar station", "air search radar", "radar communication", "microwave radar", "Radio detecting and ranging", "radar illumination", "RADAR", "Radar station", "Airport radar", "radar equation", "radars", "Radio detection and ranging", "Radar", "radar", "Microwave radar", "radar homing and warning", "radar distance measurement", "Radar equation" ]

[ { "id": "271272", "score": "1.6190346", "text": "Milstar. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) including the Chinese Beidou, the American Global Positioning System (introduced in 1978) and the Russian GLONASS broadcast navigational signals in various bands between about 1.2 GHz and 1.6 GHz. Radar is a radiolocation technique in which a beam of radio waves emitted by a transmitter bounces off an object and returns to a receiver, allowing the location, range, speed, and other characteristics of the object to be determined. The short wavelength of microwaves causes large reflections from objects the size of motor vehicles, ships and aircraft. Also, at these wavelengths, the high gain antennas", "title": "Microwave" }, { "id": "4859940", "score": "1.5678698", "text": "Cold War, and less-expensive ground-based radars are once again being considered for roles such as maritime reconnaissance and drug enforcement. The super high frequency radio waves used by most radars, called microwaves, travel in straight lines. This generally limits the detection range of radar systems to objects on their horizon (generally referred to as \"line of sight\" since the aircraft must be at least theoretically visible to a person at the location and elevation of the radar transmitter) due to the curvature of the Earth. For example, a radar mounted on top of a mast has a range to the", "title": "Over-the-horizon radar" }, { "id": "1478587", "score": "1.5628772", "text": "radiosondes were observed from the ground with a theodolite, and gave only a wind estimation by the position. With the advent of radar by the Signal Corps it was possible to track a radar target carried by the balloons with the SCR-658 radar. Modern radiosondes can use a variety of mechanisms for determining wind speed and direction, such as a radio direction finder or GPS. The weight of a radiosonde is typically . Sometimes radiosondes are deployed by being dropped from an aircraft instead of being carried aloft by a balloon. Radiosondes deployed in this way are called dropsondes. Worldwide", "title": "Radiosonde" }, { "id": "346485", "score": "1.5624579", "text": "Radar Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. A radar system consists of a transmitter producing electromagnetic waves in the radio or microwaves domain, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna (often the same antenna is used for transmitting and receiving) and a receiver and processor to determine properties of the object(s). Radio waves (pulsed or continuous) from the transmitter reflect off the object and return to the receiver, giving information about the", "title": "Radar" }, { "id": "2513406", "score": "1.5485654", "text": "back after it bounces off the target object. Due to a phenomenon called the Doppler effect, if the object is moving toward or away from the gun, the frequency of the reflected radio waves when they come back is different from the transmitted waves. When the object is approaching the radar, the frequency of the return waves is higher than the transmitted waves; when the object is moving away, the frequency is lower. From that difference, the radar speed gun can calculate the speed of the object from which the waves have been bounced. This speed is given by the", "title": "Radar gun" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Radar\n\nRadar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (\"ranging\"), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. A radar system consists of a transmitter producing electromagnetic waves in the radio or microwaves domain, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna (often the same antenna is used for transmitting and receiving) and a receiver and processor to determine properties of the objects. Radio waves (pulsed or continuous) from the transmitter reflect off the objects and return to the receiver, giving information about the objects' locations and speeds.\n\nRadar was developed secretly for military use by several countries in the period before and during World War II. A key development was the cavity magnetron in the United Kingdom, which allowed the creation of relatively small systems with sub-meter resolution. The term \"RADAR\" was coined in 1940 by the United States Navy as an acronym for radio detection and ranging. The term \"radar\" has since entered English and other languages as a common noun, losing all capitalization. \n\nThe modern uses of radar are highly diverse, including air and terrestrial traffic control, radar astronomy, air-defense systems, anti-missile systems, marine radars to locate landmarks and other ships, aircraft anti-collision systems, ocean surveillance systems, outer space surveillance and rendezvous systems, meteorological precipitation monitoring, altimetry and flight control systems, guided missile target locating systems, self-driving cars, and ground-penetrating radar for geological observations. High tech radar systems are associated with digital signal processing, machine learning and are capable of extracting useful information from very high noise levels.\n\nOther systems similar to radar make use of other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. One example is lidar, which uses predominantly infrared light from lasers rather than radio waves. With the emergence of driver-less vehicles, radar is expected to assist the automated platform to monitor its environment, thus preventing unwanted incidents.", "title": "Radar" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Radio\n\nRadio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connected to an antenna which radiates the waves, and received by another antenna connected to a radio receiver. Radio is very widely used in modern technology, in radio communication, radar, radio navigation, remote control, remote sensing, and other applications.\n\nIn radio communication, used in radio and television broadcasting, cell phones, two-way radios, wireless networking, and satellite communication, among numerous other uses, radio waves are used to carry information across space from a transmitter to a receiver, by modulating the radio signal (impressing an information signal on the radio wave by varying some aspect of the wave) in the transmitter. In radar, used to locate and track objects like aircraft, ships, spacecraft and missiles, a beam of radio waves emitted by a radar transmitter reflects off the target object, and the reflected waves reveal the object's location. In radio navigation systems such as GPS and VOR, a mobile receiver accepts radio signals from navigational radio beacons whose position is known, and by precisely measuring the arrival time of the radio waves the receiver can calculate its position on Earth. In wireless radio remote control devices like drones, garage door openers, and keyless entry systems, radio signals transmitted from a controller device control the actions of a remote device.\n\nApplications of radio waves that do not involve transmitting the waves significant distances, such as RF heating used in industrial processes and microwave ovens, and medical uses such as diathermy and MRI machines, are not usually called \"radio\". The noun \"radio\" is also used to mean a broadcast radio receiver.\n\nThe existence of radio waves was first proven by German physicist Heinrich Hertz on November 11, 1886. sending a wireless Morse Code message to a source over a kilometer away in 1895, and the first transatlantic signal on December 12, 1901. The first commercial radio broadcast was transmitted on November 2, 1920 when the live returns of the Harding-Cox presidential election were broadcast by Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company in Pittsburgh, under the call sign KDKA.\n\nThe emission of radio waves is regulated by law, coordinated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which allocates frequency bands in the radio spectrum for different uses.", "title": "Radio" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Lidar\n\nLidar (, also LIDAR, or LiDAR; sometimes LADAR) is a method for determining ranges (variable distance) by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver. It can also be used to make digital 3-D representations of areas on the Earth's surface and ocean bottom of the intertidal and near coastal zone by varying the wavelength of light. It has terrestrial, airborne, and mobile applications.\n\n\"Lidar\" is an acronym of \"light detection and ranging\" or \"laser imaging, detection, and ranging\". It is sometimes called 3-D laser scanning, a special combination of 3-D scanning and laser scanning.\n\nLidar is commonly used to make high-resolution maps, with applications in surveying, geodesy, geomatics, archaeology, geography, geology, geomorphology, seismology, forestry, atmospheric physics, laser guidance, airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM), and laser altimetry. It is also used in control and navigation for some autonomous cars and for the helicopter Ingenuity on its record-setting flights over the terrain of Mars.", "title": "Lidar" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Microwave\n\nMicrowave is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from about one meter to one millimeter corresponding to frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz respectively. Different sources define different frequency ranges as microwaves; the above broad definition includes both UHF and EHF (millimeter wave) bands. A more common definition in radio-frequency engineering is the range between 1 and 100 GHz (wavelengths between 0.3 m and 3 mm).<ref name=\"Kumar\" /> In all cases, microwaves include the entire SHF band (3 to 30 GHz, or 10 to 1 cm) at minimum. Frequencies in the microwave range are often referred to by their IEEE radar band designations: S, C, X, K, K, or K band, or by similar NATO or EU designations.\n\nThe prefix \"\" in \"microwave\" is not meant to suggest a wavelength in the micrometer range. Rather, it indicates that microwaves are \"small\" (having shorter wavelengths), compared to the radio waves used prior to microwave technology. The boundaries between far infrared, terahertz radiation, microwaves, and ultra-high-frequency radio waves are fairly arbitrary and are used variously between different fields of study.\n\nMicrowaves travel by line-of-sight; unlike lower frequency radio waves they do not diffract around hills, follow the earth's surface as ground waves, or reflect from the ionosphere, so terrestrial microwave communication links are limited by the visual horizon to about . At the high end of the band, they are absorbed by gases in the atmosphere, limiting practical communication distances to around a kilometer. Microwaves are widely used in modern technology, for example in point-to-point communication links, wireless networks, microwave radio relay networks, radar, satellite and spacecraft communication, medical diathermy and cancer treatment, remote sensing, radio astronomy, particle accelerators, spectroscopy, industrial heating, collision avoidance systems, garage door openers and keyless entry systems, and for cooking food in microwave ovens.", "title": "Microwave" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Category:Radars - Wikimedia Commons" }, { "id": "9558149", "score": "1.5476773", "text": "at right angles. Using a device known as a radiogoniometer, the operator could determine the bearing of the target, and by combining their range measurement with the bearing, they could determine a target's location in space. The system also had a second set of antennas, displaced vertically along the receiver towers. By selecting a pair of these antennas at different heights and connecting them to the radiogoniometer, they could determine the vertical angle of the target, and thus estimate its altitude. Since the system could measure both range and altitude, it was sometimes known as an HR-scope, from \"height-range\". Early", "title": "Radar display" }, { "id": "4386904", "score": "1.5444958", "text": "is no way to know the direction of the arriving signal without side-lobe suppression, which requires two or more antennae, each with its own individual receiver. There is no way to know distance without FM range modulation. Speed, direction, and distance are all required to pick out an individual object. These limitations are due to the well known limitations of basic physics that cannot be overcome by design. Law enforcement agencies include hand held laser in the mix of tools needed for law enforcement to confirm reliable speed and position of an individual vehicle in traffic after radar detects excessive", "title": "Continuous-wave radar" }, { "id": "887326", "score": "1.5429506", "text": "will actually be on the surface of the planet, so one can eliminate the sphere in space. The GPS receiver figures both of these things out by analyzing high-frequency, low-power radio signals from the GPS satellites. Radio waves are electromagnetic energy, which means they travel at the speed of light (about 186,000 miles per second, 300,000 km per second in a vacuum). The receiver can figure out how far the signal has traveled by timing how long it took the signal to arrive. The correct time value will cause all of the signals that the receiver is receiving to align", "title": "Electronic tagging" }, { "id": "4859942", "score": "1.5402961", "text": "use high frequency radio waves that, due to diffraction, follow the curvature of the Earth to reach beyond the horizon. These systems achieve detection ranges of the order of a hundred kilometres from small, conventional radar installations. They can scan a series of high frequencies using a chirp transmitter. The most common type of OTH radar uses skywave or \"skip\" propagation, in which shortwave radio waves are reflected off an ionized layer in the atmosphere, the ionosphere. Given certain conditions in the atmosphere, radio signals transmitted at an angle into the sky will be reflected towards the ground by the", "title": "Over-the-horizon radar" }, { "id": "11196195", "score": "1.5377897", "text": "in radar (radio detection and ranging). The uses of radar are diverse and applied to military, civilian and space exploration. Radar is based on the reflection or scatter of pulsed radiofrequency waves emitted from a transmitter which are then detected by an antenna which then determines the range, speed, and direction of objects. In most uses the transmitter and detector are located at the same location. Radio frequencies used with radar are from 3 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) depending on the type and application. Pulsed radiofrequency fields are an emerging technology used in the medical field for the", "title": "Pulsed radiofrequency" }, { "id": "11471484", "score": "1.5208691", "text": "GPS position. Search radars scan a wide area with pulses of short radio waves. They usually scan the area two to four times a minute. Sometimes search radars use the Doppler effect to separate moving vehicles from clutter. Targeting radars use the same principle as search radar but scan a much smaller area far more often, usually several times a second or more. Weather radars resemble search radars, but use radio waves with circular polarization and a wavelength to reflect from water droplets. Some weather radar use the Doppler effect to measure wind speeds. Most new radio systems are digital,", "title": "Radio" }, { "id": "9571462", "score": "1.5154448", "text": "pilot and flight instructor, who also patented a portable ADS-b version as well. Through this technology, transponder-equipped aircraft are detected and ranged, and the altitude is decoded. PCAS G4 technology has advanced to the point that highly accurate range, relative altitude, and 45 degree direction can be accurately detected in a portable cockpit device. PCAS gained notoriety with the growing popular TV series The Aviators (TV series) as a sponsor, and specifically in episode 6 airing on both PBS and the Discovery Channel Network. ATC ground stations and active TCAS systems transmit interrogation pulses on an uplink frequency of 1,030", "title": "Portable collision avoidance system" }, { "id": "14647002", "score": "1.5104728", "text": "not pursued. In 1930, Lawrence A. Hyland. working for Taylor at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) noted the same effect from a passing airplane. This was officially reported by Taylor. Hyland, Taylor, and Young were granted a patent (U.S. No. 1981884, 1934) for a \"System for detecting objects by radio\". It was recognized that detection also needed range measurement, and funding was provided for a pulsed transmitter. This was assigned to a team led by Robert M. Page, and in December 1934, a breadboard apparatus successfully detected an aircraft at a range of one mile. The Navy, however, ignored further", "title": "Radar in World War II" }, { "id": "7042975", "score": "1.5083925", "text": "system transmits radio waves down to the ground and measures the time it takes them to be reflected back up to the aircraft. The altitude above the ground is calculated from the radio waves' travel time and the speed of light. Radar altimeters normally work in the E band, , or, for more advanced sea-level measurement, S band. Radar altimeters also provide a reliable and accurate method of measuring height above water, when flying long sea-tracks. These are critical for use when operating to and from oil rigs. Consider a radar pulse emanating from a radar beacon traveling downwards and", "title": "Radar altimeter" }, { "id": "3441805", "score": "1.5081959", "text": "only a few tens of kilometres. For aerial use, where the horizon may extend to hundreds of kilometres, higher frequencies can be used, allowing the use of much smaller antennas. An automatic direction finder, which could be tuned to radio beacons called non-directional beacons or commercial AM radio broadcasters, was until recently, a feature of most aircraft, but is now being phased out For the military, RDF is a key tool of signals intelligence. The ability to locate the position of an enemy transmitter has been invaluable since World War I, and played a key role in World War II's", "title": "Direction finding" }, { "id": "3835732", "score": "1.506815", "text": "an Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS) tracker which gets its position from a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and converts it to a digital radio transmission. Other flights may use an analog beacon and are tracked using radio direction finding techniques. Long duration flights frequently must use high frequency custom built transmitters and slow data protocols such as radioteletype (RTTY), Hellschreiber, Morse code and PSK31, to transmit data over great distances using little battery power. Use of amateur radio transmitters on an ARHAB flight requires an amateur radio license, but non-amateur radio transmitters are possible to use without a license.", "title": "High-altitude balloon" }, { "id": "11471482", "score": "1.4983778", "text": "Measuring Equipment), the aircraft can determine its bearing and range from the station, thus providing a fix from only one ground station. Such stations are called VOR/DMEs. The military operates a similar system of navaids, called TACANs, which are often built into VOR stations. Such stations are called VORTACs. Because TACANs include distance measuring equipment, VOR/DME and VORTAC stations are identical in navigation potential to civil aircraft. Radar (Radio Detection And Ranging) detects objects at a distance by bouncing radio waves off them. The delay caused by the echo measures the distance. The direction of the beam determines the direction", "title": "Radio" }, { "id": "3187685", "score": "1.4977335", "text": "wave scanners for airport security scanning. This band is commonly used in radio astronomy and remote sensing. Ground-based radio astronomy is limited to high altitude sites such as Kitt Peak and Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) due to atmospheric absorption issues. Satellite-based remote sensing near 60 GHz can determine temperature in the upper atmosphere by measuring radiation emitted from oxygen molecules that is a function of temperature and pressure. The ITU non-exclusive passive frequency allocation at 57–59.3 GHz is used for atmospheric monitoring in meteorological and climate sensing applications and is important for these purposes due to the properties of", "title": "Extremely high frequency" }, { "id": "18539673", "score": "1.4970181", "text": "Range-R The Range-R is a hand-held radar device manufactured by L-3 Communications capable of detecting motion through solid walls. The device operates as a finely tuned motion detector, using radio waves to detect the presence of people and movements as small as human breathing at a distance of 50 feet or more. The device was the source of controversy when it was revealed in January 2015 that the FBI and U.S. Marshall Service had deployed the devices to their field offices over the previous two years, with no public disclosure of their use or intended purposes. Officials stated that the", "title": "Range-R" }, { "id": "18950593", "score": "1.4968114", "text": "air and sea rescue operations and communications research, in the case of the Sugar Grove Station. The FRD-10 used a goniometer to rapidly scan through all the antennas around the circle. This electronically \"rotated\" the antenna 360 degrees several times a second allowing fast and accurate direction finding. This was needed because Soviet submarines began to use wide-band burst transmissions in the early 1960s to make themselves more difficult to pinpoint. Initially, these signals were too rapid for Bullseye's predecessor, Boresight, to locate, but the AN/FRD-10 was able to locate even very brief transmissions. Sites in the Classic Bullseye network", "title": "AN/FRD-10" } ]

[ "Langley", "Langley (disambiguation)", "langley disambiguation", "langley", "langly", "Langly" ]

[ { "id": "15552382", "score": "1.6103334", "text": "George Bush Center for Intelligence The George Bush Center for Intelligence is the headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency, located in the unincorporated community of Langley in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The headquarters is a conglomeration of the Original Headquarters Building (OHB) and the New Headquarters Building (NHB) that sits on a total of of land. Before its current name, the CIA headquarters was formally unnamed. On April 26, 1999, the complex was officially named in the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 for George H. W. Bush, who had served as the Director of Central Intelligence for", "title": "George Bush Center for Intelligence" }, { "id": "444101", "score": "1.5922465", "text": "offices in Northern Virginia near Washington, D.C., and correlative population growth. The Central Intelligence Agency in Langley was involved in various Cold War events, including as the target of Soviet espionage activities. Also among the federal developments was the Pentagon, built during World War II as the headquarters for the Department of Defense. It was one of the targets of the September 11 attacks; 189 people died at the site when a jet passenger plane was crashed into the building. Virginia is divided into 95 counties and 38 independent cities, the latter acting in many ways as county-equivalents. This general", "title": "Virginia" }, { "id": "15552387", "score": "1.5681689", "text": "an infamous encrypted sculpture that sits on the grounds of the CIA's headquarters. In a nod to American covert intelligence-gathering activities from an earlier era, a statue of Nathan Hale, the captured colonial spy hanged by the British during the American Revolution, stands on the grounds of the CIA headquarters complex. George Bush Center for Intelligence The George Bush Center for Intelligence is the headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency, located in the unincorporated community of Langley in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The headquarters is a conglomeration of the Original Headquarters Building (OHB) and the New Headquarters Building (NHB)", "title": "George Bush Center for Intelligence" }, { "id": "1243070", "score": "1.5518701", "text": "town, and was halted with the use of dynamite to create a firebreak to stop the flames from spreading. In 1951, the federal government established the Warrenton Training Center just outside Warrenton. The center is a secret Central Intelligence Agency communications facility, which also houses an underground relocation bunker containing communications infrastructure to support continuity of government in the event of a nuclear attack on Washington, DC. A bypass route around the town was built in the early 1960s, which attracted restaurants, gas stations, and shopping centers, but also drew businesses away from the center of town. The Warrenton Historic", "title": "Warrenton, Virginia" }, { "id": "6026504", "score": "1.5180557", "text": "site of the lost town of Penniman on the Cheatham Annex property is bordered to the northwest by Camp Peary, which is reportedly a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) training facility often referred as \"The Farm.\" In circumstances similar to the acquisition of Penniman, the government takeover of the land into a military facility consumed two other towns, Magruder, and Bigler's Mill. Their populations were relocated and parts of the villages were redeveloped. Access to all these areas is restricted. To the south of the military reservations, extending from State Route 199 just north of Interstate 64 toward Williamsburg, Penniman Road", "title": "Penniman, Virginia" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Central Intelligence Agency\n\nThe Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and performing covert actions. As a principal member of the United States Intelligence Community (IC), the CIA reports to the Director of National Intelligence and is primarily focused on providing intelligence for the President and Cabinet of the United States. President Harry S. Truman had created the Central Intelligence Group under the direction of a Director of Central Intelligence by presidential directive on January 22, 1946, and this group was transformed into the Central Intelligence Agency by implementation of the National Security Act of 1947.\n\nUnlike the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which is a domestic security service, It exerts foreign political influence through its tactical divisions, such as the Special Activities Center. The CIA was also instrumental in establishing intelligence services in several U.S. allied countries, such as Germany's BND. It has also provided support to many foreign political groups and governments, including planning, coordinating, training in torture, and technical support. It was involved in carrying out several regime changes, terrorist attacks, and planned assassinations of foreign leaders.<ref name=\"wp20130829\"/>\n\nSince 2004, the CIA is organized under the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Despite transferring some of its powers to the DNI, the CIA has grown in size as a response to the September 11 attacks. In 2013, \"The Washington Post\" reported that in the fiscal year 2010, the CIA had the largest budget of all IC agencies, exceeding previous estimates.\n\nThe CIA has increasingly expanded its role, including covert paramilitary operations.\n\nThe agency has been the subject of many controversies, including human rights violations, domestic wiretapping and propaganda, and allegations of drug trafficking. It has also appeared in works of fiction, including books, films and video games.", "title": "Central Intelligence Agency" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "George Bush Center for Intelligence\n\nThe George Bush Center for Intelligence is the headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency, located in the unincorporated community of Langley in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States; near Washington, D.C.\n\nThe headquarters is a conglomeration of the Original Headquarters Building (OHB) and the New Headquarters Building (NHB) that sits on a total of of land. It was the world's largest intelligence headquarters from 1959 until 2019 when it was surpassed by Germany's BND headquarters.", "title": "George Bush Center for Intelligence" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Camp Peary\n\nCamp Peary is an approximately 9,000 acre U.S. military reservation in York County near Williamsburg, Virginia. Officially referred to as an Armed Forces Experimental Training Activity (AFETA) under the authority of the Department of Defense, Camp Peary hosts a covert CIA training facility known as \"The Farm\", which is used to train officers of the CIA's Directorate of Operations, as well as those of the DIA's Defense Clandestine Service, among other intelligence entities. Camp Peary has a sister facility, \"The Point\", located in Hertford, North Carolina.\n\nCamp Peary is named for Arctic explorer Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary. Porto Bello, the historic hunting lodge of Lord Dunmore, last royal governor of Virginia, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is located on the grounds of Camp Peary.", "title": "Camp Peary" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Langley, Virginia\n\nLangley is an unincorporated community in the census-designated place of McLean in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. Langley is often used as a metonym for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), as it is home to its headquarters, the George Bush Center for Intelligence. The land which makes up Langley today once belonged to Thomas Lee, former Crown Governor of the Colony of Virginia from 1749 to 1750. Lee's land was named Langley in honor of Langley Hall, which was part of the Lee home estate in Shropshire, England. In 1839, of land was purchased by Benjamin Mackall from the Lee family, while keeping the name.\n\nThe community was essentially absorbed into McLean many years ago, although there is still a Langley High School. In addition to being a bedroom community for Washington, D.C. and home to the CIA's headquarters, the area is the site of the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center of the Federal Highway Administration and the Claude Moore Colonial Farm of the National Park Service.", "title": "Langley, Virginia" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "CIA University\n\nCIA University (CIAU) is the primary education facility of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Founded in 2002 and located in Chantilly, Virginia, the school holds courses on various intelligence-related subjects, ranging from chemical weapons manufacturing to foreign languages. Students include CIA new hires, experienced officers, support staff, and individuals from other U.S. intelligence agencies. CIAU does not issue degrees.", "title": "CIA University" }, { "id": "7834478", "score": "1.5173354", "text": "training facility for the Office of Communications is Warrenton Training Center, located near Warrenton, Virginia. The facility was established in 1951 and has been used by the CIA since at least 1955. Details of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend \"un-vouchered\" government money. The government showed its 1997 budget was $26.6 billion for the fiscal year. The government has disclosed a total figure for all non-military intelligence spending since 2007; the fiscal 2013 figure is $52.6", "title": "Central Intelligence Agency" }, { "id": "8198717", "score": "1.5094378", "text": "station. This task continues despite the Open Source Center's DNI reorganization. The OSC is located in the Reston Town Center development in Reston, Virginia, in the former headquarters of the FBIS. The construction of the facility sparked some controversy in Reston, a planned community, due to the presence of a chained linked and barbed wire fence surrounding the buildings. In the late 1980s, the CIA agreed to install a more aesthetically pleasing fence around the buildings. Open Source Center The Director of National Intelligence Open Source Center (OSC) is a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) intelligence center located in Reston,", "title": "Open Source Center" }, { "id": "6789531", "score": "1.4775786", "text": "Sugar Grove Station Sugar Grove Station is a National Security Agency (NSA) communications site located near Sugar Grove in Pendleton County, West Virginia. According to a 2005 article in the \"New York Times\", the site intercepts all international communications entering the Eastern United States. Activities at the site previously involved the Naval Information Operations Command (NAVIOCOM). In April 2013, the Chief of Naval Operations ordered that the NAVIOCOM base be closed by September 30, 2015, as \"a result of the determination by the resource sponsor National Security Agency to relocate the command's mission.\" The naval base is being repurposed as", "title": "Sugar Grove Station" }, { "id": "8128618", "score": "1.4736831", "text": "is located in northern Albemarle County, Virginia, just north of Charlottesville. It is approximately 100 miles southwest of Washington, D.C. and 85 miles west of Richmond, Virginia. NGIC was created on 8 July 1994, by merging the US Army Foreign Science and Technology Center (FSTC) and the US Army Intelligence and Threat Analysis Center (ITAC). The former headquarters of FSTC in Charlottesville, Virginia, became the headquarters of the new Center. (INSCOM Permanent Order 41-1, 3 June 1994) The Air Force counterpart to NGIC is the National Air and Space Intelligence Center, located at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. National Ground Intelligence Center", "title": "National Ground Intelligence Center" }, { "id": "15552384", "score": "1.470764", "text": "adjoins two six-story office towers and is fully connected via a tunnel to the OHB. On January 25, 1993, Mir Qazi, a Pakistani resident of the United States, killed two CIA employees and wounded three others on the road to the CIA headquarters, claiming that it was revenge for the US government's policy in the Middle East, \"particularly toward the Palestinian people\". The Center is located at 1000 Colonial Farm Road in McLean, Virginia, and can be reached via George Washington Memorial Parkway. However, due to a need for secrecy, the complex may only be accessed by those with authorization", "title": "George Bush Center for Intelligence" }, { "id": "13217826", "score": "1.4704943", "text": "and thus were not permitted unescorted access to the Headquarters building, a good deal of basic training has been given at office buildings in the urban areas of Arlington, Virginia. It is known, although not acknowledged by the US Government, that the CIA runs at least two operations training facilities. One is known as \"The Farm\", at Camp Peary, Virginia. The other is known as \"The Point\" at Harvey Point, North Carolina. While the course outline has never been revealed, it is believed to include such things as surveillance, countersurveillance, cryptography, paramilitary training as well as other tradecraft. The course", "title": "Organizational structure of the Central Intelligence Agency" }, { "id": "6789535", "score": "1.4655495", "text": "million purchase by an Alabama-based investment group with plans to convert the base into a healthcare facility for active-duty military, veterans, and their families. Sugar Grove Station Sugar Grove Station is a National Security Agency (NSA) communications site located near Sugar Grove in Pendleton County, West Virginia. According to a 2005 article in the \"New York Times\", the site intercepts all international communications entering the Eastern United States. Activities at the site previously involved the Naval Information Operations Command (NAVIOCOM). In April 2013, the Chief of Naval Operations ordered that the NAVIOCOM base be closed by September 30, 2015, as", "title": "Sugar Grove Station" }, { "id": "5464990", "score": "1.4500442", "text": "to the National Counterterrorism Center. SR 123 passes through McLean, the center of which is accessed via SR 309 (Old Dominion Drive). East of the center of McLean, SR 123 passes by the preserved Salona estate and close to Hickory Hill—a historic house on Chain Bridge Road that was home to Robert F. Kennedy—in Langley, where the state highway meets the eastern end of SR 193 (Old Georgetown Pike). That state highway provides access to the Claude Moore Colonial Farm on the campus of the George Bush Center for Intelligence, the headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency. The agency's southern", "title": "Virginia State Route 123" }, { "id": "2379587", "score": "1.4415591", "text": "the Lee family, while keeping the name. The community was essentially absorbed into McLean many years ago, although there is still a Langley High School. In addition to being a bedroom community for Washington, D.C. and home to the CIA's headquarters, the area is the site of the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center of the Federal Highway Administration and the Claude Moore Colonial Farm of the National Park Service. Langley, Virginia Langley is an unincorporated community in the census-designated place of McLean in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. Langley is often used as a metonym for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),", "title": "Langley, Virginia" }, { "id": "2379586", "score": "1.4373661", "text": "Langley, Virginia Langley is an unincorporated community in the census-designated place of McLean in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. Langley is often used as a metonym for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), as it is home to its headquarters, the George Bush Center for Intelligence. The land which makes up Langley today once belonged to Thomas Lee, former Crown Governor of the Colony of Virginia from 1749 to 1750. Lee’s land was named Langley in honor of Langley Hall, which was part of the Lee home estate in Shropshire, England. In 1839, of land was purchased by Benjamin Mackall from", "title": "Langley, Virginia" }, { "id": "4634350", "score": "1.4337834", "text": "to create a military reservation which became the Naval Weapons Station Yorktown. After World War II, the Camp Peary area was transferred to the Commonwealth of Virginia and was used as a state game preserve. Then, in 1951, the Navy reclaimed the land and closed the base to the public. Despite efforts at secrecy, Camp Peary eventually became well known as \"The Farm,\" a training facility for the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Access to the base is still restricted. Magruder, Virginia Magruder was a small unincorporated town in Virginia near Williamsburg in York County. Settled mostly by African-American freedmen", "title": "Magruder, Virginia" }, { "id": "17170713", "score": "1.4287806", "text": "Warrenton Training Center Warrenton Training Center (WTC) is a classified United States government communication complex located in the state of Virginia. Established in 1951, it comprises four discrete stations located in Fauquier and Culpeper counties. WTC has served multiple roles, most notably as a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) signals intelligence facility, numbers station, and communications laboratory. The center also houses at least one underground \"relocation\" bunker that serves U.S. continuity of government purposes, and is a communications and signals intelligence training school for various federal departments and agencies, including the CIA, National Security Agency (NSA), Department of Defense and Department", "title": "Warrenton Training Center" }, { "id": "10180081", "score": "1.4228969", "text": "of National Intelligence from 2005 until 2008, when the DNI's own facility was opened at Liberty Crossing in McLean, VA. Under DIA HQ is also the headquarters of the co-located United States Strategic Command's Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JFCC-ISR). DIA HQ also includes the DIA Memorial Wall, which commemorates 21 Defense Intelligence Agency employees who have died in the service of the agency and of the United States. Additionally, the facility houses a memorial honoring seven employees who died in the attacks of September, 11 2001 at the Pentagon and the Torch Bearers Wall, which", "title": "Defense Intelligence Agency Headquarters" }, { "id": "14839694", "score": "1.4212816", "text": "Vint Hill Farms Station Vint Hill Farms Station (VHFS) was a United States Army and National Security Agency (NSA) signals intelligence and electronic warfare facility located in Fauquier County, Virginia, near Warrenton. VHFS was closed in 1997 and the land was sold off in 1999. Today the site hosts various engineering and technology companies, as well as two Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) air traffic control facilities. Vint Hill Farms Station was established during World War II in 1942 by the Army's Signal Intelligence Service (SIS). The facility was built because the Army needed a secure location near SIS headquarters in", "title": "Vint Hill Farms Station" }, { "id": "140941", "score": "1.4150503", "text": "and Yemen, Iraq and Afghanistan.\" The FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, to Winchester, Virginia. According to \"The Washington Post\", the FBI \"is building a vast repository controlled by people who work in a top-secret vault on the fourth floor of the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington. This one stores the profiles of tens of thousands of Americans and legal residents who are not accused of any crime. What they have done is appear to be acting suspiciously to a town sheriff, a traffic cop or even", "title": "Federal Bureau of Investigation" } ]

[ "santa clara nina pinta santa maria", "Santa Clara (Nina), Pinta, Santa Maria" ]

[ { "id": "8912931", "score": "1.6644125", "text": "maintain friendly, even loving, relations with the natives. He set sail from Cádiz, Spain, on September 24, 1493. The fleet for the second voyage was much larger: two naos and 15 caravels. The two naos were the flagship \"Marigalante\" and the \"Gallega\"; the caravels were the \"Fraila\", \"San Juan\", \"Colina\", \"Gallarda\", \"Gutierre\", \"Bonial\", \"Rodriga\", \"Triana\", \"Vieja\", \"Prieta\", \"Gorda\", \"Cardera\", and \"Quintera\". The \"Niña\" returned for this expedition, which also included a ship named \"Pinta\" probably identical to that from the first expedition. In addition, the expedition saw the construction of the first ship in the Americas, the \"Santa Cruz\" or", "title": "Voyages of Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": "4044244", "score": "1.645163", "text": "the original- was launched by the Christopher Columbus Foundation. This ship weighs 101 tons and often sails alongside an authentic replica of \"La Niña\", which was launched in 1991. Pinta (ship) La Pinta (Spanish for \"The Painted One\", \"The Look\", or \"The Spotted One\") was the fastest of the three ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first transatlantic voyage in 1492. The New World was first sighted by Rodrigo de Triana aboard \"La Pinta\" on 12 October 1492. The owner of \"La Pinta\" was Cristobal Quintero. The Quintero brothers were ship owners from Palos. The owner of the ship", "title": "Pinta (ship)" }, { "id": "68305", "score": "1.6330752", "text": "ships. The largest was a carrack (Spanish: \"nao\"), the \"Santa María\" ex-\"Gallega\" (\"Galician\"). The other two were smaller caravels. The name of one is lost: it is known today only by the nickname \"Pinta\", which in Castilian of the time meant \"painted one\". The \"Santa Clara\" was nicknamed affectionately the \"Niña\" (\"the little one\"), a pun on the name of her owner, Juan Niño of Moguer. The monarchs forced the citizens of Palos to contribute to the expedition. The \"Santa María\" was owned by Juan de la Cosa and captained by Columbus. The \"Pinta\" and the \"Niña\" were piloted by", "title": "Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": "68306", "score": "1.6178577", "text": "the Pinzón brothers (Martín Alonso and Vicente Yáñez). Columbus first sailed to the Canary Islands, which belonged to Castile. He restocked provisions and made repairs in Gran Canaria, then departed from San Sebastián de La Gomera on 6 September, for what turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean. At about 2:00 in the morning of 12 October (21 October, Gregorian Calendar New Style), a lookout on the \"Pinta\", Rodrigo de Triana (also known as Juan Rodríguez Bermeo), spotted land, and immediately alerted the rest of the crew with a shout. Thereupon, the captain of the \"Pinta\", Martín", "title": "Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": "68317", "score": "1.6113491", "text": "fleet of 17 ships carrying 1,200 men and the supplies to establish permanent colonies in the New World. The passengers included priests, farmers, and soldiers, who would be the new colonists. This reflected the new policy of creating not just \"colonies of exploitation\", but also \"colonies of settlement\" from which to launch missions dedicated to converting the natives to Christianity. Modern studies suggest that, as reported by the \"Washington Post\", \"crew members may have included free black Africans who arrived in the New World about a decade before the slave trade began.\" As in the first voyage, the fleet stopped", "title": "Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Voyages of Christopher Columbus\n\nBetween 1492 and 1504, Italian explorer Christopher Columbus led four Spanish transatlantic maritime expeditions of discovery to the Americas. These voyages led to the widespread knowledge of the New World. This breakthrough inaugurated the period known as the Age of Discovery, which saw the colonization of the Americas, a related biological exchange, and trans-Atlantic trade. These events, the effects and consequences of which persist to the present, are often cited as the beginning of the modern era.\n\nBorn in the Republic of Genoa, Columbus was a navigator who sailed for the Crown of Castile (a predecessor to the modern Kingdom of Spain) in search of a westward route to the Indies, thought to be the East Asian source of spices and other precious oriental goods obtainable only through arduous overland routes. Columbus was partly inspired by 13th-century Italian explorer Marco Polo in his ambition to explore Asia and never admitted his failure in this, incessantly claiming and pointing to supposed evidence that he had reached the East Indies. Ever since, the Bahamas as well as the islands of the Caribbean have been referred to as the West Indies.\n\nAt the time of Columbus's voyages, the Americas were inhabited by Indigenous Americans. Soon after first contact, Eurasian diseases such as smallpox began to devastate the indigenous populations. Columbus participated in the beginning of the Spanish conquest of the Americas, which involved brutally treating and enslaving the natives in the range of thousands.\n\nColumbus died in 1506, and the next year, the New World was named \"America\" after Amerigo Vespucci, who realized that it was a unique landmass. The search for a westward route to Asia was completed in 1521, when another Spanish voyage, the Magellan-Elcano expedition sailed across the Pacific Ocean and reached Southeast Asia, before returning to Europe and completing the first circumnavigation of the world.", "title": "Voyages of Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Santa María (ship)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pinta (ship)\n\nLa Pinta (Spanish for \"The Painted One\", \"The Look\", or \"The Spotted One\") was the fastest of the three Spanish ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first transatlantic voyage in 1492. The New World was first sighted by Rodrigo de Triana aboard \"La Pinta\" on 12 October 1492. The owner of \"La Pinta\" was Cristóbal Quintero. The Quintero brothers were ship owners from Palos. The owner of the ship allowed Martín Alonso Pinzón to take over the ship so he could keep an eye on the ship.\n\n\"La Pinta\" was a caravel-type vessel. By tradition Spanish ships were named after saints and usually given nicknames. Thus, \"La Pinta\", like \"La Niña\", was not the ship's actual name; \"La Niña's\" actual name was the \"Santa Clara\". The \"Santa María<nowiki>'</nowiki>\"s original nickname was \"La Gallega\". The actual original name of \"La Pinta\" is unknown. The origin of the ship is disputed but is believed to have been built in Spain in the year 1441. She was later rebuilt for use by Christopher Columbus.", "title": "Pinta (ship)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Martín Alonso Pinzón" }, { "id": "14168698", "score": "1.6102989", "text": "create a comprehensive list of the voyagers dates from 1884, nearly four centuries after the fact. Even Juan Niño's ownership of \"La Niña\" is open to some doubts, though it is clear that he was master of the ship. http://www.nps.gov/archive/jeff/lewisclark2/circa1804/Heritage/SpanishInfluence/More%20Information%20on%20Columbus.htm Niño brothers The Niño Brothers were a family of sailors of African descent from the town of Moguer (in Huelva, Andalusia, Spain), who participated actively in Christopher Columbus's first voyage—generally considered to constitute the discovery of the Americas by Europeans—and other subsequent voyages to the New World. The four Niño brothers, Pedro Alonso, Francisco, Juan and Bartolomé were already sailors", "title": "Niño brothers" }, { "id": "8912951", "score": "1.5938882", "text": "sailed east around Africa. On March 14, 1502 Columbus made a fourth voyage with strict orders from the king and queen which instructed him not to stop at Hispaniola, but only to search for a westward passage to the Indian Ocean mainland. Accompanied by his stepbrother Bartolomeo, Diego Mendez, and his son Fernando, he left Cádiz, Spain on May 12, 1502, with his flagship, \"Capitana\", as well as the \"Gallega\", \"Vizcaína,\" and \"Santiago de Palos\". He sailed to Arzila on the Moroccan coast to rescue the Portuguese soldiers who he heard were under siege by the Moors. On June 15,", "title": "Voyages of Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": "4044236", "score": "1.5917301", "text": "at the Wharf of the Caravels in Palos de la Frontera). The historic San Francisco restaurant Bernstein's Fish Grotto was designed to look like \"Niña\". Niña La Niña (Spanish for \"The Girl\") was one of the three Spanish ships used by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in his first voyage to the West Indies in 1492. As was tradition for Spanish ships of the day, she bore a female saint's name, Santa Clara. However, she was commonly referred to by her nickname, \"La Niña,\" which was probably a pun on the name of her owner, Juan Niño of Moguer. She was", "title": "Niña" }, { "id": "6938346", "score": "1.59002", "text": "scale. Christopher Columbus set sail in the \"Santa Maria\" on what is probably history’s most well known voyage of discovery on August 3, 1492. Leaving from the town of Palos, in southern Spain, Columbus headed west. After a brief stop in the Canary Islands for provisions and repairs, he set out for Asia. He reached San Salvador first, it is believed, (easternmost of the Bahamas) in October, and then sailed past Cuba and Hispaniola, still searching for Asia. He returned home in 1493 to a hero's welcome, and within six months had 1,500 men and 17 vessels at his command.", "title": "Maritime history of Europe" }, { "id": "68372", "score": "1.5899811", "text": "shown differs from other images, including that of the \"Virgin of the Navigators.\" Footnotes Citations Bibliography Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (; before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. He led the first European expeditions to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, initiating the permanent European colonization of the Americas. Columbus discovered the viable sailing route to the Americas, a continent which was not then known to the Old World. While what he thought he had discovered", "title": "Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": "3699084", "score": "1.5885843", "text": "Bartolomeu Dias who had just sailed around the Cape of Good Hope. Juan de la Cosa sailed with Christopher Columbus on his first three voyages to the New World. He owned and was master of the \"Santa María\", flagship of Columbus's first voyage in 1492. The vessel shipwrecked that year on the night of 24–25 December off the present-day site of Cap-Haïtien, Haiti. De la Cosa, in a notable act of cowardice (or treason, in Columbus's documented opinion), fled the sinking Santa Maria (his partial ownership of the vessel notwithstanding) in the flagship's boat, rather than endeavor to assist Columbus", "title": "Juan de la Cosa" }, { "id": "4559715", "score": "1.5765133", "text": "Rodríguez de Romera. After sailing with Christopher Columbus during his second voyage to the New World in 1493, De Bastidas petitioned the Spanish Crown to start his own quest to be financed totally with his own money. In exchange for granting De Bastidas the right to explore various territories in the New World, the Crown required him to give them one fourth of the net profits he would acquire. The King and Queen issued a charter that is still preserved in the National Archives in Spain. He sailed to the New World from Cádiz in October 1499 with two ships;", "title": "Rodrigo de Bastidas" }, { "id": "68319", "score": "1.5718246", "text": "10 November. Michele da Cuneo, Columbus's childhood friend from Savona, sailed with Columbus during the second voyage and wrote: \"In my opinion, since Genoa was Genoa, there was never born a man so well equipped and expert in the art of navigation as the said lord Admiral.\" Columbus named the small island of \"Saona ... to honor Michele da Cuneo, his friend from Savona.\" The same childhood friend reported in a letter that Columbus had provided one of the captured indigenous women to him. He wrote, \"While I was in the boat, I captured a very beautiful Carib woman, whom", "title": "Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": "8912894", "score": "1.5703237", "text": "Voyages of Christopher Columbus In 1492, a Spanish-based transatlantic maritime expedition led by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus encountered the Americas, continents which were largely unknown in Europe and were outside the Old World political and economic system. The four voyages of Columbus began the Spanish colonization of the Americas. For a long time it was generally believed that Columbus and his crew had been the first Europeans to make landfall in the Americas. In fact they were not the first explorers from Europe to reach the Americas, having been preceded by the Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the", "title": "Voyages of Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": "3204260", "score": "1.5697918", "text": "tribute, and decided to fund Christopher Columbus's expedition in the hope of bypassing Portugal's monopoly on west African sea routes, to reach \"the Indies\" (east and south Asia) by travelling west. Twice before, in 1485 and 1488, Columbus had presented the project to king John II of Portugal, who rejected it. On the evening of 3 August 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Frontera with three ships; one larger carrack, \"Santa María\", nicknamed \"Gallega\" (\"the Galician\"), and two smaller caravels, \"Pinta\" (\"the Painted\") and \"Santa Clara\", nicknamed \"Niña\". Columbus first sailed to the Canary Islands, where he restocked for", "title": "Age of Discovery" }, { "id": "12121388", "score": "1.5685666", "text": "captain in the service of the Crown of Castile, set out on his first voyage in August 1492 with the objective of reaching the East Indies by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean. As is well known, instead of reaching Asia, Columbus stumbled upon the Caribbean islands of the Americas. Convinced nonetheless he had discovered the edges of Asia, Columbus set sail back to Spain on January 15, 1493, aboard the caravel \"Niña\". According to the journal of his voyage, on February 14, Columbus was caught in a storm off the Azores islands. The resulting poor condition of his ship", "title": "Columbus's letter on the first voyage" }, { "id": "8912912", "score": "1.5682538", "text": "circular wind pattern, clockwise in direction, in both legs of his voyage. At 8:00 on the morning of 3 August 1492, Columbus departed from Castilian Palos de la Frontera (on the river Saltes, at the confluence of the rivers Rio Tinto and Rio Odiel). Columbus and his crew embarked on a voyage to find a shorter route to India and the Orient with three medium-sized ships, the \"Niña\" (real name \"Santa Clara\"), the \"Pinta\", and the \"Santa Maria\". The ships were the property of Juan de la Cosa and the Pinzón brothers (Martín Alonso Pinzón and Vicente Yáñez Pinzón), but", "title": "Voyages of Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": "8912921", "score": "1.5655463", "text": "behind. Columbus founded the settlement, \"La Navidad\", leaving behind 39 men. On 15 January 1493, he set sail for home aboard the \"Niña\". While returning to Spain, the \"Niña\" and \"Pinta\" encountered the roughest storm of their journey, and, on the night of 13 February, lost contact with each other. All hands on the \"Niña\" vowed, if they were spared, to make a pilgrimage to the nearest church of Our Lady wherever they first made land. On the morning of February 15, land was spotted. Columbus believed they were approaching the Azore Islands, but other members of the crew felt", "title": "Voyages of Christopher Columbus" }, { "id": "20941108", "score": "1.5654948", "text": "Columbus, an Italian navigator, launched four voyages of discovery to the new world.\" Similarly, the fountain has multiple inscriptions. One on the south side reads, \"1892 A dream shared / by later generations / who explored a vast continent / where freedom and opportunity / beckoned to those with / the courage and imagination to venture westward\". Another on the east side reads, \"1932 Westward into Ohio / came the successors / to the spirit of Columbus, / naming the capital city / of the new state / after the man who symbolized / the spirit of the frontier\". The", "title": "Christopher Columbus (Pelzer)" }, { "id": "8912942", "score": "1.5640329", "text": "of the existence of such a mainland because \"canoes had been found which set out from the coast of Guinea [West Africa] and sailed to the west with merchandise.\" On May 30, 1498, Columbus left the port of Sanlúcar, Spain with a fleet of six ships, sending three directly to the West Indies while leading the other three: the \"Santa María de Guía\", the \"Vaqueños\", and the \"Correo\" to the Portuguese Porto Santo Island, his wife's native homeland. He then sailed to the island of Madeira and spent some time there with the Portuguese captain João Gonçalves da Câmara before", "title": "Voyages of Christopher Columbus" } ]

[ "next term of representatives has begun", "The next term of Representatives has begun" ]

[ { "id": "785704", "score": "1.8369807", "text": "eventually became part of the United States Constitution, effective May 5, 1992, completing a record-setting ratification period of 202 years, 7 months, and 10 days. Several states raised the issue of Congressional salaries as they debated whether to ratify the Constitution. The North Carolina ratifying convention proposed several amendments to the Constitution including the following: \"The laws ascertaining the compensation of senators and representatives, for their services, shall be postponed in their operation until after the election of representatives immediately succeeding the passing thereof; that excepted which shall first be passed on the subject.\" Virginia's ratifying convention recommended the identical", "title": "Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "785703", "score": "1.8035214", "text": "would become the Twenty-seventh Amendment and the proposed Congressional Apportionment Amendment did not get ratified by enough states for them to also come into force with the first ten amendments. The proposed congressional pay amendment was largely forgotten until 1982, when Gregory Watson, a 19-year-old sophomore at the University of Texas at Austin, wrote a paper for a government class in which he claimed that the amendment could still be ratified. A teaching assistant graded the paper a \"C\" and an appeal to Professor Sharon Waite failed, motivating Watson to launch a nationwide campaign to complete its ratification. The amendment", "title": "Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428297", "score": "1.7670304", "text": "as the federal judiciary and direct taxation, intact. On November 20, 1789, New Jersey ratified eleven of the twelve amendments, rejecting Article II, which regulated Congressional pay raises. On December 19 and 22, respectively, Maryland and North Carolina ratified all twelve amendments. On January 19, 25, and 28, 1790, respectively, South Carolina, New Hampshire, and Delaware ratified the Bill, though New Hampshire rejected the amendment on Congressional pay raises, and Delaware rejected Article I, which regulated the size of the House. This brought the total of ratifying states to six of the required ten, but the process stalled in other", "title": "Third Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428511", "score": "1.7619585", "text": "portions of the Constitution, such as the federal judiciary and direct taxation, intact. On November 20, 1789, New Jersey ratified eleven of the twelve amendments, rejecting an amendment to regulate congressional pay raises. On December 19 and 22, respectively, Maryland and North Carolina ratified all twelve amendments. On January 19, 25, and 28, 1790, respectively, South Carolina, New Hampshire, and Delaware ratified the Bill, though New Hampshire rejected the amendment on Congressional pay raises, and Delaware rejected the Congressional Apportionment Amendment. This brought the total of ratifying states to six of the required ten, but the process stalled in other", "title": "Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "17347202", "score": "1.7305881", "text": "2012. The bill received limited bipartisan support. However, some members of Congress on both sides of the aisle opposed the bill, stating it would have likely violated the 27th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which states \"No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.\" It was considered dead until mid-January 2013 when Republican lawmakers came up with the idea of combining sections of this bill with a debt ceiling increase; Democratic lawmakers eventually accepted the compromise. \"This summary is based largely on the", "title": "No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution ..." }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Women's suffrage in the United States" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "United States Bill of Rights\n\nThe United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787–88 debate over the ratification of the Constitution and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution are reserved to the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those in earlier documents, especially the Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776), as well as the Northwest Ordinance (1787), the English Bill of Rights (1689), and Magna Carta (1215).\n\nLargely because of the efforts of Representative James Madison, who studied the deficiencies of the Constitution pointed out by anti-federalists and then crafted a series of corrective proposals, Congress approved twelve articles of amendment on September 25, 1789, and submitted them to the states for ratification. Contrary to Madison's proposal that the proposed amendments be incorporated into the main body of the Constitution (at the relevant articles and sections of the document), they were proposed as supplemental additions (codicils) to it. Articles Three through Twelve were ratified as additions to the Constitution on December 15, 1791, and became Amendments One through Ten of the Constitution. Article Two became part of the Constitution on May 5, 1992, as the Twenty-seventh Amendment. Article One is still pending before the states.\n\nAlthough Madison's proposed amendments included a provision to extend the protection of some of the Bill of Rights to the states, the amendments that were finally submitted for ratification applied only to the federal government. The door for their application upon state governments was opened in the 1860s, following ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. Since the early 20th century both federal and state courts have used the Fourteenth Amendment to apply portions of the Bill of Rights to state and local governments. The process is known as incorporation.\n\nThere are several original engrossed copies of the Bill of Rights still in existence. One of these is on permanent public display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.", "title": "United States Bill of Rights" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Page I of the Articles of Confederation" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Prohibition in the United States\n\nIn the United States from 1920 to 1933, a nationwide constitutional law prohibited the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages. The alcohol industry was curtailed by a succession of state legislatures, and finally ended nationwide under the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified on January 16, 1919. Prohibition ended with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed the Eighteenth Amendment on December 5, 1933.\n\nLed by pietistic Protestants, prohibitionists first attempted to end the trade in alcoholic drinks during the 19th century. They aimed to heal what they saw as an ill society beset by alcohol-related problems such as alcoholism, family violence, and saloon-based political corruption. Many communities introduced alcohol bans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and enforcement of these new prohibition laws became a topic of debate. Prohibition supporters, called \"drys\", presented it as a battle for public morals and health. The movement was taken up by progressives in the Prohibition, Democratic and Republican parties, and gained a national grassroots base through the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. After 1900, it was coordinated by the Anti-Saloon League. Opposition from the beer industry mobilized \"wet\" supporters from the wealthy Roman Catholic and German Lutheran communities, but the influence of these groups receded from 1917 following the entry of the U.S. into the First World War against Germany.\n\nThe Eighteenth amendment passed in 1919 \"with a 68 percent supermajority in the House of Representatives and 76 percent support in the Senate\" and was ratified by 46 out of 48 states. Enabling legislation, known as the Volstead Act, set down the rules for enforcing the federal ban and defined the types of alcoholic beverages that were prohibited. Not all alcohol was banned; for example, religious use of wine was permitted. Private ownership and consumption of alcohol were not made illegal under federal law, but local laws were stricter in many areas, some states banning possession outright.\n\nFollowing the ban, criminal gangs gained control of the beer and liquor supply in many cities. By the late 1920s, a new opposition to Prohibition emerged nationwide. Critics attacked the policy as causing crime, lowering local revenues, and imposing \"rural\" Protestant religious values on \"urban\" America. The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition, though it continued in some states. To date, this is the only time in American history in which a constitutional amendment was passed for the purpose of repealing another.\n\nSome research indicates that alcohol consumption declined substantially due to Prohibition. Rates of liver cirrhosis, alcoholic psychosis, and infant mortality also declined. Other research indicates that Prohibition did not reduce alcohol consumption in the long-term.", "title": "Prohibition in the United States" }, { "id": "785702", "score": "1.718595", "text": "Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twenty-seventh Amendment (Amendment XXVII) to the United States Constitution prohibits any law that increases or decreases the salary of members of Congress from taking effect until the start of the next set of terms of office for Representatives. The amendment is the most recent to be adopted, but one of the first proposed. It was submitted by the 1st Congress to the states for ratification on September 25, 1789, along with eleven other proposed amendments. While ten of these twelve proposals were ratified in 1791 to become the Bill of Rights, what", "title": "Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "9362324", "score": "1.6922472", "text": "States or any state on account of sex. Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. Section 3. This amendment shall take effect two years after the date of ratification.\" Efforts were proven successful when Congress passed the amendment in 1972. However, simply passing the amendment in the two houses of Congress did not mean the work was finished. NOW had to direct the efforts of getting the amendment ratified in at least three-fourths of the states (38 out of the 50 states). In response to opposing states denying the", "title": "National Organization for Women" }, { "id": "428170", "score": "1.6790023", "text": "began in 1917 with the Eighteenth Amendment. All amendments proposed since then, with the exception of the Nineteenth Amendment and the (still pending) Child Labor Amendment, have included a deadline, either in the body of the proposed amendment, or in the joint resolution transmitting it to the states. The ratification deadline \"clock\" begins running on the day final action is completed in Congress. An amendment may be ratified at any time after final congressional action, even if the states have not yet been officially notified. In \"Dillon v. Gloss\" (1921), the Supreme Court upheld Congress's power to prescribe time limitations", "title": "Article Five of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "427888", "score": "1.6786177", "text": "the responsibilities of the office. It supersedes the ambiguous succession rule established in . A concrete plan of succession has been needed on multiple occasions since 1789. However, for nearly 20% of U.S. history, there has been no vice president in office who can assume the presidency. The Twenty-seventh Amendment (1992) prevents members of Congress from granting themselves pay raises during the current session. Rather, any raises that are adopted must take effect during the next session of Congress. Its proponents believed that Federal legislators would be more likely to be cautious about increasing congressional pay if they have no", "title": "United States Constitution" }, { "id": "785710", "score": "1.6556873", "text": "campaign in early 1982, he was aware of ratification by only six states and he erroneously believed that Virginia's 1791 approval was the last action taken by the states. He discovered in 1983 that Ohio had approved it in 1873 as a means of protest against the Salary Grab Act and learned in 1984 that Wyoming had done the same 105 years later in 1978, as a protest against a congressional pay raise. Further, Watson did not know, until 1997, well after the amendment's adoption, that Kentucky had ratified the amendment in 1792. Neither did Kentucky lawmakers themselves—in Watson's desire", "title": "Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "785622", "score": "1.648988", "text": "amended proposal was passed 59–23, with 16 Democrats in favor, on March 12. Several days later, the House agreed to the Senate's revisions, and on March 24, 1947, the constitutional amendment imposing term limitations on future Presidents was submitted to the states for ratification. The ratification process for the 22nd Amendment was completed on February 27, 1951, after it was sent to the states. Once submitted to the states, the 22nd Amendment was ratified by: Conversely, two states—Oklahoma and Massachusetts—rejected the amendment, while five (Arizona, Kentucky, Rhode Island, Washington, and West Virginia) took no action. The 22nd Amendment's two-term limit", "title": "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "427889", "score": "1.6440486", "text": "personal stake in the vote. has been affected by this amendment, which remained pending for over two centuries as it contained no time limit for ratification. Collectively, members of the House and Senate typically propose around 200 amendments during each two-year term of Congress. Most however, never get out of the Congressional committees in which they were proposed, and only a fraction of those that do receive enough support to win Congressional approval to actually go through the constitutional ratification process. Six amendments approved by Congress and proposed to the states for consideration have not been ratified by the required", "title": "United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428173", "score": "1.6414759", "text": "Congress may extend the period without necessitating action by already-ratified States embroiled Congress, the states, and the courts in argument with respect to the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (Sent to the states on March 22, 1972 with a seven-year ratification time limit attached). In 1978 Congress, by simple majority vote in both houses, extended the original deadline by (through June 30, 1982). The amendment's proponents argued that the fixing of a time limit and the extending of it were powers committed exclusively to Congress under the political question doctrine and that in any event Congress had power to extend. It", "title": "Article Five of the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "428867", "score": "1.6301355", "text": "on ratification by three-fourths (36) of the state legislatures. Sitting Senators were not affected by the Amendment's provisions until their existing terms expired, so the Amendment took six years to fully implement. The transition began with two special elections in 1913 and 1914 - the first in Maryland and the second in Alabama. The transition then began in earnest with the November 1914 election, and was complete on 4 March 1919 when the Senators chosen at the November 1918 election took office. Originally, under , Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, each state legislature elected its state's senators for", "title": "Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "3997016", "score": "1.6153191", "text": "scandal in 1873 when Congress passed a retroactive pay increase. On the last day of the term, the 42nd Congress voted to raise its members' pay by 50%, including a raise made retroactive to the beginning of the term. Randall voted for the pay raise, and against the amendment that would have removed the retroactive provision. The law, later known as the Salary Grab Act, provoked outrage across the country. Randall defended the Act, saying that an increased salary would \"put members of Congress beyond temptation\" and reduce fraud. Seeing the unpopularity of the Salary Grab, the incoming 43rd Congress", "title": "Samuel J. Randall" }, { "id": "5483019", "score": "1.607866", "text": "Amendment. Salary Grab Act The Salary Grab Act was passed by the United States Congress on March 3, 1873. The effect of the Act was, the day before the inauguration of President Ulysses S. Grant for a second term, to double the salary of the President (to $50,000) and the salaries of Supreme Court Justices. Hidden in the salary increases was also a 50 percent increase for members of Congress, retroactive to the beginning of their just-ending term. Public outcry led Congress to rescind the congressional salary increase. As a protest against the Act, Ohio ratified what would become the", "title": "Salary Grab Act" }, { "id": "17347206", "score": "1.606947", "text": "4, 2013. The act implicates constitutional concerns, because the Twenty-seventh Amendment provides that Congress may not \"vary\" the compensation of senators and representatives until there has been an intervening election. The act would withhold the pay of legislators only temporarily (pending passage of a budget), rather than permanently; commentators differ on whether this is permissible under the Twenty-seventh Amendment. The Supreme Court has never addressed the issue. No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013 The No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013 (; ) is a law passed during the 113th United States Congress. The Act temporarily suspended the US", "title": "No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013" }, { "id": "16893349", "score": "1.6067406", "text": "not popular with leadership. But they want to be popular with members... Any other job in the world, you don't do your job you don't get paid. Congress shouldn't be any different.\" The bill received bipartisan support (i.e., support from both Democrats and Republicans), and garnered 48 supporters, although it was seen as unlikely to be voted on, due to the division of Congress. Likewise, the bill received some bipartisan opposition from members of Congress who argue that it may violate the 27th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which states \"No law, varying the compensation for the services of", "title": "No Budget, No Pay Act" }, { "id": "785620", "score": "1.6066463", "text": "both the House and the Senate. As many of them had campaigned on the issue of presidential tenure, declaring their support for a constitutional amendment that would limit how long a person could serve as president, the issue was given top priority in the 80th Congress when it convened in January 1947. The House of Representatives took quick action, approving a proposed constitutional amendment (House Joint Resolution 27) setting a limit of two four-year terms for future presidents. Introduced by Earl C. Michener, the measure passed 285–121, with support from 47 Democrats, on February 6, 1947. Meanwhile, the Senate developed", "title": "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "id": "427861", "score": "1.6044081", "text": "set in 1789, when Congress considered and proposed the first several Constitutional amendments. Among these, Amendments 1–10 are collectively known as the Bill of Rights, and Amendments 13–15 are known as the Reconstruction Amendments. Excluding the Twenty-seventh Amendment, which was pending before the states for , the longest pending amendment that was successfully ratified was the Twenty-second Amendment, which took . The Twenty-sixth Amendment was ratified in the shortest time, days. The average ratification time for the first twenty-six amendments was 1 year, 252 days, for all twenty-seven, 9 years, 48 days. A proposed amendment becomes an operative part of", "title": "United States Constitution" } ]

[ "Starburst (disambiguation)", "starbursts", "Starburst", "starburst", "Starbust", "Starbursts", "starburst disambiguation", "starbust" ]

[ { "id": "10838647", "score": "1.7268972", "text": "were “Indescribably Delicious”, a slogan coined for a contest in 1955 by Leon Weiss of Gary, Indiana, who won $10. The company went on to become the first candy manufacturer to use full-color TV commercials. In 1972, the company introduced a candy bar named for what it did not include rather than what it did, the 15-cent (Peanut Butter with) No Jelly bar, also called the Sidekick bar. In 1977, they changed the name to the 20-cent Peanut Butter Bar. It was discontinued in 1979. Peter Paul acquired the York Cone Company in July 1972, gaining the successful York Peppermint", "title": "Peter Paul Candy Manufacturing Company" }, { "id": "7776829", "score": "1.6648132", "text": "as other gummy brands. It included real fruit juice (much like Farley fruit snacks) and came in bear shapes. Later the shapes were changed to fruit designs. During a cross-promotion with the film dinosaur designs were sold as well. Purchased from Kraft late in 2002, this product was introduced in 1962. The name was a suggestion for its customers that they eat some of the squares right away and save the rest for later. The old ad slogan for the candy was, \"Eat some now, Save some for Later\", later replaced by, \"Hard 'N Fruity now and Soft 'N Chewy", "title": "Farley's & Sathers Candy Company" }, { "id": "2690234", "score": "1.657495", "text": "factory. In 1949, the brand released the tagline \"Melts in your mouth, not in your hand.\" In 1950, a black \"M\" was imprinted on the candies giving them a unique trademark. It was changed to white in 1954. In the early 1950s, the Midwest Research Institute (now MRIGlobal) in Kansas City, Missouri, worked on behalf of M&M's to perfect a process whereby of chocolate centers could be coated every hour. Peanut M&M's were introduced in 1954 but first appeared only in the color tan. In 1960, M&M's added the yellow, red, and green colors. In 1976, the color orange was", "title": "M&M's" }, { "id": "4327272", "score": "1.6549922", "text": "due to rationing of gum-making ingredients in World War II. The brand was discontinued after the war ended, when Wrigley's three established gum brands, Juicy Fruit, Wrigley's Spearmint and Doublemint, returned to the US market. The gum was reintroduced 30 years later in 1976, when it was introduced in Germany, Switzerland and The Netherlands. This marked the first time that a sugar-free gum was marketed under the Wrigley name. The brand was later introduced in other countries, including Canada, Australia, the UK, Norway, Poland and Israel The gum returned to American shelves in the late 1970s, but was removed from", "title": "Orbit (gum)" }, { "id": "10838646", "score": "1.6132438", "text": "production by 1944 (5 million bars/month) for use in rations. It also sold caramels and charcoal gum during the war because they used little sugar. The Almond Joy bar was introduced in 1948, using milk chocolate instead of dark chocolate, and adding a double-toasted almond on top, sold in a blue package to differentiate it from the Mounds' red package, becoming an immediate success After successfully advertising on national radio in the 1930s, Peter Paul led the industry in the use of network television advertising in the early 1950s, with the Peter Paul Pixies singing that Mounds and Almond Joys", "title": "Peter Paul Candy Manufacturing Company" }, { "id": "6100680", "score": "1.6130041", "text": "sugar and coconut which had been shipped from the Philippines before war broke out. Rather than sacrifice quality, the company discontinued some of its lesser selling brands and concentrated production on the Mounds candy bar. Over the years, Peter Paul added several products to its line, including the Almond Joy candy bar and York Peppermint Patties. Cadbury and Peter Paul merged in 1978, and Hershey Foods purchased the company's U.S. operations in 1988. Mounds Bar candy is mentioned on several occasions, particularly in the final chapter, of contemporary Christian fiction novel, \"The Last Coin\" (1988) by James P. Blaylock. In", "title": "Mounds (candy)" }, { "id": "2690241", "score": "1.6041477", "text": "the introduction of new flavors, colors and customizable merchandise have helped to increase the brand's recognition as a candy icon. In 1982, the Mars candy bar company rejected the inclusion of M&M's in the new Steven Spielberg movie \"\". Competitor Hershey, on the other hand, took a chance with their Reese's Pieces, which is similar to M&M's but contains a peanut butter filling, and with the blockbuster success, its candy sales dramatically increased, perhaps by as much as 300%. In the early 1980s, its slogan was \"All the World Loves M&M's,\" accompanied by a TV jingle of the same name.", "title": "M&M's" }, { "id": "7776830", "score": "1.6016681", "text": "Later\". The later slogan describing the candy's consistency over time. Charles Cari learned to make toffee while working for W.F. Schrafft's & Sons in Boston. In 1919, Cari moved to New York to begin his own candy business in Brooklyn. He sold his business to father and son Harry and Joseph Klein in 1953 for $25,000. They named their company Phoenix Candy Company. At the time, their product line was salt water taffy, peanut brittle, and Halloween candy. It was a very seasonal business and concentrated mainly around Halloween. Now and Later was developed as a product which could be", "title": "Farley's & Sathers Candy Company" }, { "id": "14100328", "score": "1.5990255", "text": "challenged the candy industry by urging women to “reach for a Lucky instead of a sweet.” These aggressive campaigns paid off making Lucky Strike the most smoked brand within a decade. Other companies followed the successful ad campaigns of the American Tobacco Company with their own versions. The Phillip Morris Company introduced Marlboro cigarettes in 1925. Marlboros were advertised as being as \"mild as May\" and featured elegant ivory tips that appealed to women. Other brands offered similar ads appealing to a woman's sense of beauty and style and made cigarettes an alluring part of many women's lives. The ads", "title": "Women and smoking" }, { "id": "7776840", "score": "1.5939906", "text": "became part of Nabisco in 1999, then part of Kraft in 2000. In 2004, under Kraft ownership, Trolli introduced a gummi candy in the shape of chickens, squirrels, and snakes with tire tracks on them, making them to appear as though they'd been run over by a vehicle. Marketed as \"Roadkill\" candy, animal rights activists spoke out about the candy in an effort to get it off of the market. The product was taken off store shelves and discontinued. In 2005, Kraft sold Trolli to Wrigley as part of a $1.48 billion offloading of candy businesses. Included in the sale", "title": "Farley's & Sathers Candy Company" }, { "id": "2690230", "score": "1.5839074", "text": "and \"caramel\") while others are limited in duration or geographic availability. M&M's is the flagship product of the Mars Wrigley Confectionery division of Mars, Incorporated. The candy originated in the United States in 1941, and are sold in over 100 countries, since 2003. More than 400 million individual M&M's are produced every day in the United States. They are produced in different colors, some of which have changed over the years. The candy-coated chocolate concept was inspired by a method used to allow soldiers to carry chocolate in warm climates without having it melt. The company's longest-lasting slogan reflects this:", "title": "M&M's" }, { "id": "4585213", "score": "1.5823467", "text": "a hit with the U.S. military during World War II, who by 1944 purchased 80% of their production for use in rations (5 million bars/month). The Almond Joy bar was introduced in 1946 as a replacement for the Dreams Bar, which was introduced in 1934, consisting of diced almonds and coconut covered with dark chocolate. In 1978, Peter Paul merged with the Cadbury-Schweppes company of England. In 1988, Hershey’s purchased the United States rights to their chocolate business for $300 million, which included the Mounds, Almond Joy, and York Peppermint Patties brands, in addition to Cadbury-only products such as Dairy", "title": "Almond Joy" }, { "id": "5723556", "score": "1.5737429", "text": "Now and Later Now and Later is a brand of fruit-flavored taffy-like candy manufactured by Ferrara Candy Company. The candy is formed into squares packaged in colorful paper. Nineteen flavors are currently available in both the Traditional and Chewy variety. The slogan \"Share the Square\", replaced the original \"Eat Some Now, Kid.\" Now and Later was created in Brooklyn, New York in 1962 by The Phoenix Candy Company. The name Now and Later was meant to suggest to customers that they eat some of the taffy squares in the bar right away and save the rest for another occasion. They", "title": "Now and Later" }, { "id": "7776832", "score": "1.5731165", "text": "sold Phoenix Confections to Nabisco and then in 2000 Kraft acquired the Now and Later brand as part of its purchase of Nabisco. The original flavors were Red, Green and Blue. Under Beatrice Foods, these flavors became Strawberry, Apple and Grape. For April Fools' Day 1983, three special flavors were released: Broiled Salmon, Chicken-Fried Steak and Huevos Rancheros. Purchased from Kraft late in 2002, this was originally part of Nabisco's Lifesavers brand of confections. Kraft gained control of this product when it purchased Nabisco in 2000. RainBlo bubble gum was created by Leaf Confectionery in 1940; featuring an unusual hollow", "title": "Farley's & Sathers Candy Company" }, { "id": "7776831", "score": "1.571739", "text": "sold year-round. The Kleins invested in new equipment and technology and expanded distribution nationwide, growing the company to the point where production was running two shifts per day, six days per week. The Kleins sold the Phoenix Candy Company to Beatrice Foods in 1978. In 1983, it was sold to Huhtamäki Oyj of Helsinki, Finland, which previously purchased the Leaf Candy Company. The two acquisitions were merged under the name Leaf, Inc. In turn, Leaf, Inc. sold the Phoenix Candy Company to Kouri Capital, a Finnish investment firm, who changed the name to Phoenix Confections in 1986. In 1992, Kouri", "title": "Farley's & Sathers Candy Company" }, { "id": "11378879", "score": "1.5704833", "text": "fudge, mint, nougat and orange. The high manufacturing costs and trademark issues with a soda manufacturer (The American Bottling Company, today Cadbury Schweppes), caused the bar to be retired in 1979. The Chicken Dinner Bar had been a product of the Sperry Candy Company, which was acquired by Pearson’s in 1962. The bar, introduced during The Great Depression, was so called in reference to President Herbert Hoover’s promise of “a chicken in every pot”. The bar did not contain chicken or other poultry products, but was, rather, a chocolate-covered nut roll. Pearson’s discontinued the bar’s production after the acquisition. Early", "title": "Pearson's Candy Company" }, { "id": "877264", "score": "1.5703869", "text": "80 million of the candies are produced each day. Other products introduced included Mr. Goodbar (1925), containing peanuts in milk chocolate, Hershey's Syrup (1926), semisweet chocolate chips (1928), and the Krackel bar containing crisped rice (1938). Labor unrest came to Hershey in the late 1930s as a Congress of Industrial Organizations-backed union attempted to organize the factory workers. A failed sit-down strike in 1937 ended in violence, as loyalist workers and local dairy farmers beat many of the strikers as they attempted to leave the plant. By 1940, an affiliate of the American Federation of Labor had successfully organized Hershey's", "title": "The Hershey Company" }, { "id": "16592792", "score": "1.5675511", "text": "advertising. The candy was particularly recommended for singers, orators and smokers, in practice it was a popular breath refresher and cough medicine. In the 1950s and 1960s, advertisements for Sisu could be seen in the local press, occasionally in nationwide newspapers, such as Suomen Kuvalehti. The same advertisement images were used for several years, sometimes even for several decades. A new era began in advertising in the middle of the 1970s, when Sisu began to be advertised on television. The classic advertisement with the slogan \"In the beginning, there was a swamp, a hoe and Jussi\" was made by the", "title": "Sisu (candy)" }, { "id": "10838645", "score": "1.5642765", "text": "new product, the Dreams candy bar, named by students participating in a contest at Naugatuck High School. It consisted of diced almonds and coconut covered with dark chocolate, becoming the forerunner of the Almond Joy bar. In February 1935, after increasing wages by as much as 20%, the company’s stock split two for one, becoming a sensational story carried nationally by the Associated Press. Bucking the national trend, the company paid stockholders continuous quarterly dividends throughout the Depression. During World War II, despite sugar and coconut shortages, Mounds became a hit with the U.S. military, which purchased 80% of their", "title": "Peter Paul Candy Manufacturing Company" }, { "id": "2631069", "score": "1.5619128", "text": "also features in the 1983 song \"Juicy Fruit\" by Mtume. Separately, a catchy Juicy Fruit jingle—\"the taste, the taste, the taste is going to move ya!\"—was widely recognizable in TV advertisements throughout the 1980s. Juicy Fruit Juicy Fruit is a brand of chewing gum made by the Wrigley Company, a U.S. company that since 2008 has been a subsidiary of the privately held Mars, Incorporated. It was introduced in 1893, and in the 21st century the brand name is recognized by 99 percent of Americans, with total sales in 2002 of 153 million units. Which fruit serves as the model", "title": "Juicy Fruit" } ]

[ "hooters of america inc", "hooters inc", "Hooters Restaurant", "Hooter's", "Hooters, Inc.", "Hooters girl", "Hooters of america", "Hooters Girl", "hooters restaurant", "hooter s", "Hooters", "Hooters of America, Inc", "Hooters of America", "Hooters, Inc", "hooters girl", "hooters", "hooters of america" ]

[ { "id": "7826181", "score": "1.7269492", "text": "Wingstop Wingstop Inc. is a chain of nostalgic, aviation-themed restaurants specializing in chicken wings. Wingstop locations are decorated following a 1930s and 1940s \"pre-jet\" aviation theme. The restaurant chain was founded in 1994 in Garland, Texas, and began offering franchises in 1998. Since then, Wingstop has grown into a chain with more than 1,000 restaurants either open or in development. The chain is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. Wingstop's former national spokesman was Troy Aikman, three-time Super Bowl champion and NFL Hall of Fame inductee. It was acquired by Gemini Investors in 2003, which sold it to Roark Capital Group in", "title": "Wingstop" }, { "id": "7826182", "score": "1.6723279", "text": "2010. The menu consists of wings, boneless wings, and chicken strips, with a variety of dips and sides. As of June 2018, Wingstop has locations in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Panama, the Philippines, Russia, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates. Wingstop's first location opened in 1994, in Garland, TX. The founders, Antonio Swad and Bernadette Fiaschetti, had already opened Pizza Patrón in 1986, when they were dating. Wingstop Wingstop Inc. is a chain of nostalgic, aviation-themed restaurants specializing in chicken wings. Wingstop locations are decorated following a 1930s and 1940s \"pre-jet\" aviation theme. The restaurant", "title": "Wingstop" }, { "id": "7661287", "score": "1.5915387", "text": "chain predicted aggressive growth, adding more than 4,000 locations by 2010. In 2012, Pizza Hut opened a standalone pilot store in Denton, Texas. The store was unsuccessful in collecting sales and closed the following year. The Denton location was the only location that WingStreet wasn't co-located in Pizza Hut and catered chicken sandwiches. WingStreet restaurants sell breaded and traditional buffalo wings for take-out and delivery. Their sauces include Teriyaki, Spicy Garlic, Honey BBQ, Garlic Parmesan and Buffalo (Mild, Medium, and Hot), as well as cajun and lemon pepper dry rubs. They also offer sauce-free \"Naked\" wings. Aside from chicken wings,", "title": "WingStreet" }, { "id": "7661288", "score": "1.5908583", "text": "the restaurant usually offers additional sides such as fried cheese sticks, chicken tenders, apple pies, french fries (Ranch or Cajun style) and potato wedges. Moreover, certain locations may offer curly fries, jalapeno poppers and onion rings. WingStreet WingStreet is a restaurant chain specializing in chicken. The restaurant chain is owned by Yum! Brands, which also owns its sister franchises Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, and KFC. As of March 2014, there are close to 5,000 locations in the U.S. and Canada. They are always co-located with Pizza Hut. In 2003, Yum! launched WingStreet as a hybrid combo unit with an existing", "title": "WingStreet" }, { "id": "6579565", "score": "1.58657", "text": "chain's menu also features appetizers, burgers, tacos, salads, and desserts, along with beer, wine, and other beverages. They are known for their famous \"Blazin Wing Challenge.\" They challenge customers to eat 12 of their hottest wings under six minutes. The winners receive a free T-shirt. The restaurants feature an open layout with a bar area and patio seating flanked by over 50 televisions and media screens. Starting in 2016, the new restaurants being built follow a new type of layout that gives the guests the feeling as if they were actually in a sports stadium. Server uniforms consist of gray", "title": "Buffalo Wild Wings" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Hooters\n\nHooters is the registered trademark used by two American restaurant chains: Hooters, Inc., based in Clearwater, Florida, and Hooters of America, Inc. based in Atlanta, Georgia, and owned by the private investment firm Nord Bay Capital (with TriArtisan Capital Advisor, as its advisor). The Hooters name is a double entendre referring to both a North American slang term for women's breasts and the logo (a bird known for its \"hooting\" calls: the owl).\n\nThe waiting staff at Hooters restaurants are primarily young women, usually referred to simply as \"Hooters Girls\", whose revealing outfits and sex appeal are played up and are a primary component of the company's image. The company employs men and women as cooks, hosts (at some franchises), busboys, and managers. The menu includes hamburgers and other sandwiches, steaks, seafood entrees, appetizers, and the restaurant's specialty, chicken wings. Almost all Hooters restaurants hold alcoholic beverage licenses to sell beer and wine, and where local permits allow, a full liquor bar. Hooters T-shirts, sweatshirts, and various souvenirs and curios are also sold.\n\n, there were more than 430 Hooters locations and franchises around the world and Hooters of America LLC. owns 160 units. In 2012, there were Hooters locations in 44 US states, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, and 28 other countries. Hooters also had an airline, Hooters Air, with a normal flight crew and flight attendants and scantily clad \"Hooters Girls\" on every flight.", "title": "Hooters" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Buffalo Wild Wings\n\nBuffalo Wild Wings (originally Buffalo Wild Wings & Weck, hence the nickname BDubs, or BW3) is an American casual dining restaurant and sports bar franchise in the United States, Canada, India, Mexico, Panama, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates which specializes in Buffalo wings and sauces.\n\nAs of November 2020, it had 1,279 locations across all 50 U.S. states and DC. The company is operated out of Atlanta, Georgia, home to its parent company, Inspire Brands, in the Sandy Springs district just north of downtown Atlanta. However, Inspire still maintains a support center in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the location of its previous headquarters.", "title": "Buffalo Wild Wings" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of films with post-credits scenes\n\nMany films since the 1980s and earlier have featured mid- and post-credits scenes, also known as credit cookies. Such scenes often include comedic gags, plot revelations, outtakes, and/or hints about sequels.\n", "title": "List of films with post-credits scenes" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Super Bowl commercials\n\nDuring the annual television broadcast of the National Football League Super Bowl championship, the commercials that are aired draw considerable attention. In 2010, Nielsen reported that 51% of viewers prefer the commercials to the game itself. This article does not list advertisements for a local region or station (e.g. promoting local news shows), pre-kickoff and post-game commercials/sponsors, or in-game advertising sponsors and television bumpers.", "title": "List of Super Bowl commercials" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Howard Hughes\n\nHoward Robard Hughes Jr. (December 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976) was an American business magnate, record-setting pilot, engineer, film producer, and philanthropist, known during his lifetime as one of the most influential and richest people in the world. He first became prominent as a film producer, and then as an important figure in the aviation industry. Later in life, he became known for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle—oddities that were caused in part by his worsening obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), chronic pain from a near-fatal plane crash, and increasing deafness.\n\nAs a film tycoon, Hughes gained fame in Hollywood beginning in the late 1920s, when he produced big-budget and often controversial films such as \"The Racket\" (1928), \"Hell's Angels\" (1930), and \"Scarface\" (1932). He later acquired the RKO Pictures film studio in 1948, recognized then as one of the Big Five studios of Hollywood's Golden Age, although the production company struggled under his control and ultimately ceased operations in 1957.\n\nThrough his interest in aviation and aerospace travel, Hughes formed the Hughes Aircraft Company in 1932, hiring numerous engineers, designers, and defense contractors.\n\nDuring his final years, Hughes extended his financial empire to include several major businesses in Las Vegas, such as real estate, hotels, casinos, and media outlets. Known at the time as one of the most powerful men in the state of Nevada, he is largely credited with transforming Vegas into a more refined cosmopolitan city. After years of mental and physical decline, Hughes died of kidney failure in 1976. His legacy is maintained through the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Howard Hughes Corporation.", "title": "Howard Hughes" }, { "id": "995764", "score": "1.5833782", "text": "Buffalo wings gained in popularity as a bar food and appetizer across the United States and Canada. Large franchises specializing in Buffalo wings have emerged, notably Buffalo Wild Wings founded in 1982 and Hooter's in 1983. McDonald's began selling Mighty Wings as an optional item in 1990 at their restaurant locations in the United States. In 1994, following four Super Bowl appearances by the Buffalo Bills football team, the Domino's pizza chain added Buffalo wings to their national menu, followed by Pizza Hut the next year. As the market for chicken wings became larger, restaurants began to create and use", "title": "Buffalo wing" }, { "id": "12529201", "score": "1.5514033", "text": "attended, and the company participated in, the 2007 National Buffalo Wing Festival and placed first in the \"traditional x-hot sauce\" category and gained some national recognition. On June 4, 2008 the company announced the launch of its national franchise program. In mid-2008 the chain operated 19 locations in Florida and Texas and expected to add six franchises by the end of 2008, and 48 by 2011. The initial focus was for franchises in the Southeastern US. WingHouses feature several amenities that differ from other wing restaurants, including Hooters. There is a full liquor bar in every store, sports memorabilia line", "title": "Ker's WingHouse Bar & Grill" }, { "id": "16122092", "score": "1.55047", "text": "Partnership, an investment company whose founders include a former Red Lobster president and National Football League Pro Bowler, Muhsin Muhammed. Wild Wing Cafe are known for their many wing flavors and various other food items. The menu is similar to other wing chains such as Hooters and Buffalo Wild Wings. Some locations feature live music in the evenings, and recording artist Edwin McCain actually started his career playing shows at Wild Wing Cafe. Wild Wing Cafe is located throughout areas of Virginia, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Tennessee, as well as one location each in Texas, Florida, New Jersey", "title": "Wild Wing Cafe" }, { "id": "13334765", "score": "1.5489445", "text": "and restaurant that had a soft opening in early March 2016. It had previously had a temporary headquarters in Aurora. and has 85 locations, primarily in Ontario. Wild Wing Restaurants Wild Wing Restaurants is a Canadian franchised restaurant chain that specializes in chicken wings, quick serve foods, and other related products. Wild Wing Restaurants Inc., originally known as Wild Wing, was established in Sunderland, Ontario on March 17, 1999 by Rick Smiciklas. Its main business is focused on flavoured chicken wings. By 2008, it had opened 32 franchise restaurants in Ontario, and by March 2016 it had 85 locations throughout", "title": "Wild Wing Restaurants" }, { "id": "20932767", "score": "1.5488005", "text": "on July 13, 1994. After transferring the chain to Hartz Restaurant International Inc., Hartz Restaurants International Inc. and Gemini Investors Inc. formed Wingstop Holdings, Inc. in 2003 and acquired Wingstop from its founder, Antonio Swad. Wingstop was sold to Roark Capital Group in 2010. Hartz Chicken Hartz Chicken (also known as Hartz Chicken Buffet and Hartz Krispy Chicken 'N' Rolls) is an American chain of fast food restaurants specializing in fried chicken. The company was founded in 1972 by W. Lawrence Hartzog Sr. in Southern Texas. The chain began its international expansion with a store in Malaysia under the name", "title": "Hartz Chicken" }, { "id": "7661286", "score": "1.5468224", "text": "WingStreet WingStreet is a restaurant chain specializing in chicken. The restaurant chain is owned by Yum! Brands, which also owns its sister franchises Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, and KFC. As of March 2014, there are close to 5,000 locations in the U.S. and Canada. They are always co-located with Pizza Hut. In 2003, Yum! launched WingStreet as a hybrid combo unit with an existing Pizza Hut franchise. In 2007, Pizza Hut/WingStreet opened their 1,000th restaurant. In 2007 and 2008, a thousand WingStreet stores a year were opened. On October 19, 2009, Company president Steve Udovic publicized WingStreet's national launch. The", "title": "WingStreet" }, { "id": "2619509", "score": "1.5412893", "text": "slogan, \"Eastern: we'll be your wings.\" Riders disembarked to an area containing an Eastern Air Lines reservation desk. Agents stood ready to assist riders with travel arrangements. In 1987, Eastern withdrew its sponsorship and the attraction closed on June 1 of that year. Eastern itself would go out of business just four years later. Large diorama windows, two on the right and one on the left, allowed the Mexico, Jamaica, and Trinidad scenes to be visible to riders on the Tomorrowland Transit Authority (then WEDWay PeopleMover). The window on the left was removed when If You Had Wings was replaced", "title": "If You Had Wings" }, { "id": "13810999", "score": "1.5408194", "text": "Hurricane Grill & Wings Hurricane Grill & Wings is a restaurant chain based in Florida with 71 locations open in 15 U.S. states. It serves more than 30 signature sauces and rubs, and is also known for its jumbo fresh wings and laid-back tropical vibe. It was named by \"USA Today\" as one of “10 Great Places to Wing It,” selected as one of the “Future 50” by \"Restaurant Business\" magazine and as one of Franchise Times “Top 40 Fast and Serious”. The original Hurricane Grill & Wings opened in Fort Pierce, Florida in 1995 and has expanded to locations", "title": "Hurricane Grill & Wings" }, { "id": "6839233", "score": "1.5380993", "text": "turkey, and hamburgers, Barb and Gord became well known among pilots throughout Canada for their pies and cinnamon buns. COPA granted an honorary pair of pilot's wings to Barb in 1994 for her pies and \"Food for Flying Folk\". Barb continued to operate the Airport Coffee Shop with Gord, eventually opening a second restaurant called Devan's Restaurant. Devan's closed in the late 90s after Gord's death, but Barb continued to operate the Airport Coffee Shop along with her son, Jon, until 2008. After 28 years in the restaurant industry, Barb retired and sold the business to long-time employee Judi Good.", "title": "Chilliwack Airport" }, { "id": "20218636", "score": "1.5358682", "text": "opened in Salmiya, Kuwait in March 2017. A London branch opened at 35 James Street in March 2018. Slim Chickens Slim Chickens is a fast-casual restaurant chain which specializes in chicken tenders and wings. It was founded in 2003 by Tom Gordon, Greg Smart, and Ryan Hodson. The first location opened in 2003, inside a former sushi restaurant in Fayetteville, Arkansas. In 2005, the second location opened in the nearby city of Rogers. The chain's expansion accelerated in 2008 with five more openings in Arkansas and Oklahoma. In 2013, the first franchise location was opened; the next year, six regional", "title": "Slim Chickens" }, { "id": "812563", "score": "1.5296781", "text": "pair with Pizza Hut. In 2003, Yum! launched WingStreet as a hybrid combo unit with an existing Pizza Hut franchise. In 2007 and 2008, a thousand WingStreet stores a year were opened. An East Dawning test cafeteria-style restaurant was opened in Shanghai in 2004. After initially failing, Yum! Brands chose the KFC business model (KFC is the most successful Western chain in China) and found greater success. As of September 30, 2007, eight East Dawning restaurants were in operation. In January 2011, Yum! announced its intentions to divest itself of its Long John Silver's and A&W brands to focus on", "title": "Yum! Brands" }, { "id": "2138951", "score": "1.5294017", "text": "Fox Moth (model DH-83C) with service as a passenger and cargo charter company, the airline expanded into the more populous regions of Canada and was transformed into a holiday charter airline, from 1962 onwards. Wardair was not a discount airline but an airline providing good service at lower-than-average prices. They were known for high quality meals and friendly staff. \"Steak & Champagne\" flights was a popular advertising tag line in the 1980s, and won various awards from magazines for their service (Holiday Which? magazine charter airline of the year 1985, and scheduled carrier of the years 1986 and 1987). Flight", "title": "Wardair" }, { "id": "7028034", "score": "1.5282955", "text": "and Townley's Athenian Motorsports. John Wes retired from competition after 2016, thus ending the sponsorship. In honor of the children the restaurant chain serves every year, Zaxby's is a supporter of Make-A-Wish. Zaxby's Zaxby's is a chain of fast food restaurants offering chicken wings, chicken fingers, sandwiches, and salads. The chain operates primarily in the Southern United States, and has more than 800 locations. Most Zaxby's restaurants are owned by franchisees, but 123 locations are owned by Zaxby's corporate. The first Zaxby's restaurant opened in Statesboro, Georgia in March 1990. The company's first restaurant outside of Georgia was opened in", "title": "Zaxby's" }, { "id": "20218635", "score": "1.5217714", "text": "Slim Chickens Slim Chickens is a fast-casual restaurant chain which specializes in chicken tenders and wings. It was founded in 2003 by Tom Gordon, Greg Smart, and Ryan Hodson. The first location opened in 2003, inside a former sushi restaurant in Fayetteville, Arkansas. In 2005, the second location opened in the nearby city of Rogers. The chain's expansion accelerated in 2008 with five more openings in Arkansas and Oklahoma. In 2013, the first franchise location was opened; the next year, six regional franchise deals were made. In a partnership with Persian Gulf conglomerate Alghanim Industries, the first international Slim Chickens", "title": "Slim Chickens" }, { "id": "6579556", "score": "1.517348", "text": "Lowery. Lowery's parents had become Disbrow's guardians as they were his ice skating coaches. After Disbrow had finished judging an amateur figure skating competition at Kent State University, the pair met up to get some Buffalo-style chicken wings to eat. Failing to find any restaurant serving them, they decided to open their own restaurant serving wings. For the first location, they selected a location near Ohio State University, Columbus. Weck was an original part of the name, as beyond the wings and its dozen sauces, the restaurant served beef on weck. The pair brought on an additional partner, Mark Lutz,", "title": "Buffalo Wild Wings" } ]

[ "muffin man", "The Muffin Man", "Muffin' Man", "Muffin man", "Muffin Man" ]

[ { "id": "1448461", "score": "1.5779868", "text": "UK's largest retailers.<br> 182 Drury Lane was the location of The Arts Lab in the 1960s<br> 191 Drury Lane was the location of the Workers' Educational Society in 1847/48. The street Drury Lane is where The Muffin Man lives, as mentioned in the popular nursery rhyme, and where the harlot of William Hogarth's \"A Harlot's Progress\" practises her profession. Drury Lane Drury Lane is a street on the eastern boundary of the Covent Garden area of London, running between Aldwych and High Holborn. The northern part is in the borough of Camden and the southern part in the City of", "title": "Drury Lane" }, { "id": "3342433", "score": "1.5543168", "text": "London street (see Drury Lane) that eventually became the site of the celebrated Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. Drury Lane (character) Drury Lane is a fictional detective created by Ellery Queen in the 1930s under the byline of Barnaby Ross. He is a retired Shakespearian actor who lives in a lavish castle on the Hudson River. His backstory involves leaving the theatre because he lost his sense of hearing, and the novels occasionally mention his lip-reading. He appeared in four mystery novels: \"The Tragedy of X\", \"The Tragedy of Y\", \"The Tragedy of Z\", and \"Drury Lane's Last Case\". These books", "title": "Drury Lane (character)" }, { "id": "3342432", "score": "1.5403781", "text": "Drury Lane (character) Drury Lane is a fictional detective created by Ellery Queen in the 1930s under the byline of Barnaby Ross. He is a retired Shakespearian actor who lives in a lavish castle on the Hudson River. His backstory involves leaving the theatre because he lost his sense of hearing, and the novels occasionally mention his lip-reading. He appeared in four mystery novels: \"The Tragedy of X\", \"The Tragedy of Y\", \"The Tragedy of Z\", and \"Drury Lane's Last Case\". These books were later reissued under the Ellery Queen byline. His name is taken from the name of a", "title": "Drury Lane (character)" }, { "id": "1448458", "score": "1.5265043", "text": "Drury Lane Drury Lane is a street on the eastern boundary of the Covent Garden area of London, running between Aldwych and High Holborn. The northern part is in the borough of Camden and the southern part in the City of Westminster. The street originated as an early medieval lane called \"Via de Aldwych\", which probably connected St. Giles Leper Hospital with the fields of Aldwych Close, owned by the hospital but traditionally said to have been granted to the Danes as part of a peace treaty with Alfred the Great in Saxon times. It acquired its name from the", "title": "Drury Lane" }, { "id": "10122754", "score": "1.4834502", "text": "The Diamond of Drury Lane The Diamond of Drury Lane is a children's historical novel by Julia Golding which won the Nestle Children's Book Prize Gold Award and the Waterstone's Children's Book Prize in 2006. The book is set on 1 January 1790. An orphaned 13-year-old girl named Catherine ‘Cat’ Royal lives in the Theatre Royal, after the owner, Mr. Sheridan, who named her after the theatre, found her as a baby. She knows well the Theatre and its surroundings, later 18th century England. One night Cat overhears Mr.Sheridan and his colleague Marchmont, discussing a valuable diamond hidden in the", "title": "The Diamond of Drury Lane" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Muffin Man\n\n\"The Muffin Man\" is a traditional nursery rhyme, children's song, or children's game of English origin. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7922.\n\nThe man in question, who lived on Drury Lane in London, may have been a man whose profession was delivering baked goods such as English muffins, or he may have been an impoverished beggar man (like a \"ragamuffin\").", "title": "The Muffin Man" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Drury Lane\n\nDrury Lane is a street on the eastern boundary of the Covent Garden area of London, running between Aldwych and High Holborn. The northern part is in the borough of Camden and the southern part in the City of Westminster. Drury Lane is part of London's West End Theatreland.", "title": "Drury Lane" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Nursery rhyme\n\nA nursery rhyme is a traditional poem or song for children in Britain and many other countries, but usage of the term dates only from the late 18th/early 19th century. The term Mother Goose rhymes is interchangeable with nursery rhymes.<ref name=\"Oxford\"/>\n\nFrom the mid-16th century nursery rhymes begin to be recorded in English plays, and most popular rhymes date from the 17th and 18th centuries.<ref name=\"Fox\"/> The first English collections, \"Tommy Thumb's Song Book\" and a sequel, \"Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book\", were published by Mary Cooper in 1744. Publisher John Newbery's stepson, Thomas Carnan, was the first to use the term Mother Goose for nursery rhymes when he published a compilation of English rhymes, \"Mother Goose's Melody, or, Sonnets for the Cradle\" (London, 1780).", "title": "Nursery rhyme" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Mother Goose\n\nThe figure of Mother Goose is the imaginary author of a collection of French fairy tales and later of English nursery rhymes. As a character, she appeared in a song, the first stanza of which often functions now as a nursery rhyme. This, however, was dependent on a Christmas pantomime, a successor to which is still performed in the United Kingdom. \nThe term's appearance in English dates back to the early 18th century, when Charles Perrault’s fairy tale collection, \"Contes de ma Mère l'Oye\", was first translated into English as \"Tales of My Mother Goose\". Later a compilation of English nursery rhymes, titled \"Mother Goose's Melody, or, Sonnets for the Cradle\", helped perpetuate the name both in Britain and the United States.", "title": "Mother Goose" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Old Mother Hubbard\n\n\"Old Mother Hubbard\" is an English-language nursery rhyme, first given an extended printing in 1805, although the exact origin of the rhyme is disputed. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19334. After a notable nursery success, it was eventually adapted to a large variety of practical and entertaining uses.", "title": "Old Mother Hubbard" }, { "id": "8236085", "score": "1.483103", "text": "is preserved in the Bodleian Library with lyrics very similar to those used today: <poem> Do you know the muffin man? The muffin man, the muffin man. Do you know the muffin man Who lives in Drury Lane?</poem> Victorian households had many of their fresh foods delivered, such as muffins, which were delivered door-to-door by a muffin man. The \"muffin\" in question was the bread product known in the United States as English muffins, not the much sweeter cupcake-shaped American variety. Drury Lane is a thoroughfare bordering Covent Garden in London. The rhyme and game appear to have spread to", "title": "The Muffin Man" }, { "id": "1448459", "score": "1.4761513", "text": "Suffolk barrister Sir Robert Drury, who built a mansion called Drury House on the lane around 1500. After the death in 1615 of his great-great-grandson, another Robert Drury, the property passed out of the family. It became the London house of the Earl of Craven, then a public house under the sign of his reputed mistress, the Queen of Bohemia. Subsequently the gardens and courtyards of the house were built over with rows of smallhouses. The remains of the house itself, which had been progressively demolished, were finally cleared in 1809. By this time Drury Lane had become one of", "title": "Drury Lane" }, { "id": "8236084", "score": "1.4630355", "text": "The Muffin Man \"The Muffin Man\" is a traditional nursery rhyme or children's song of English origin. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7922. The most widely known lyrics are as follows: <poem> Do [or \"Oh, do\"] you know the muffin man, The muffin man, the muffin man, Do you know the muffin man, Who lives on Drury Lane? Yes [or \"Oh, yes\"], I know the muffin man, The muffin man, the muffin man, Yes, I know the muffin man, Who lives on Drury Lane.</poem> The rhyme was first recorded in a British manuscript circa 1820, that", "title": "The Muffin Man" }, { "id": "1448460", "score": "1.4551411", "text": "the worst slums in London, dominated by prostitution and gin palaces. The area was eventually cleared to make way for the developments of Kingsway and Aldwych. The term \"Drury Lane\" is often used to refer to the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, which has in different incarnations been located in the street since the 17th century, even though today the main entrance is on Catherine Street. Also in Drury Lane is the New London Theatre. 173 Drury Lane was the location of the first J Sainsbury store. The store was opened in 1869 and the company is now one of the", "title": "Drury Lane" }, { "id": "8331169", "score": "1.4170932", "text": "eldest son William getting everything else including the London property Drury House, after which Drury Lane was named. The youngest son, Henry, died in 1561 aged 10. In 1564, Thomas went up to Cambridge as a gentleman pensioner at Caius College, although there is no record of his obtaining a degree, possibly because he was a Catholic, like most of his family, and would therefore not take the required (Protestant) oath. There is a possibility that during the 1570s he was employed in some capacity by the Lord Keeper Sir Nicholas Bacon, and got to know Bacon's sons Nicholas, Anthony", "title": "Thomas Drury (1551–1603)" }, { "id": "4584905", "score": "1.4158536", "text": "the west of the City boundary, the theatre was unaffected by the Great Fire of London, which raged through the City in September 1666, but it burned down six years later on 25 January 1672. During the 20th century, one illustration was repeatedly – and wrongly – published as \"Christopher Wren, design for the Theatre Royal Drury Lane, 1674\". Since 1964, this presumption has been disputed by scholars. Careful inspection of the drawing at All Soul's Library shows that it has one pencil inscription: \"Play house\" , which may have been added by a librarian or by anyone else. No", "title": "Theatre Royal, Drury Lane" }, { "id": "2924192", "score": "1.4101913", "text": "born there in Pipe Well Lane, renamed to Gwynne Street in the 19th century. London is the simplest choice, perhaps, since Nell's mother was born there and that is where she raised her children. Alexander Smith's 1715 \"Lives of the Court Beauties\" says she was born in Coal Yard Alley in Covent Garden and other biographies, including Wilson's, have followed suit. Her noble descendant Beauclerk pieces together circumstantial evidence to favour an Oxford birth. One way or another, Nell's father seems to have been out of the picture by the time of her childhood in Covent Garden, and her \"dipsomaniac", "title": "Nell Gwyn" }, { "id": "4954030", "score": "1.397938", "text": "in obtaining a lease of Drury Lane. Now that no performances were given, Rich was paying no rent, but he sought to retain the theatre in his hands. He stripped it of everything worth moving, except scenery. In \"The Tatler\", on 15 July, No. 42, Richard Steele gave a mock catalogue of the contents of \"the palace in Drury Lane, of Christopher Rich, Esquire, who is breaking up housekeeping.\" There are such things as a rainbow, a little faded; Roxana's nightgown, Othello's handkerchief, the imperial robes of Xerxes, never worn but once, a basket-hilted sword, very convenient to carry milk", "title": "Christopher Rich (theatre manager)" }, { "id": "1504073", "score": "1.3749878", "text": "by nocturnal drumming noises. It was alleged that the drummer had brought these plagues of noise upon Mompesson's head by witchcraft. Drury was said to have been associated with a band of gypsies. Glanvill, who visited the house in 1663, had claimed to have heard strange scratching noises under a bed in the children's room. On Christmas Day 1667, Samuel Pepys, in his diary, records his wife, Elizabeth, reading the story to him. He found it to be 'a strange story of spirits and worth reading indeed'. In 1668, Glanvill published one of the earlier versions of \"Saducismus Triumphatus,\" his", "title": "Drummer of Tedworth" }, { "id": "897822", "score": "1.3734818", "text": "address is given in the dialogue as 127 Inkerman Terrace (\"No Hiding Place\"); but external shots (in \"The Ant and the Grasshopper\") clearly show a different house number. Bob and Thelma live at Number 8 of an unspecified avenue on the Elm Lodge Housing Estate (The house in the opening titles is on Agincourt at the Highfields estate in Killingworth). Bob's immediate neighbours at his new house are the Lawsons and the Jeffcotes, again never actually seen in the show. A couple called the Nortons are also later referred to as living next door. It is revealed (in the episode", "title": "Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads?" }, { "id": "15156478", "score": "1.3568233", "text": "license to open the Lyceum in the Strand as an English opera house. The building was previously devoted to subscription concerts, picture exhibitions, feats of horsemanship and conjuring. Upon the destruction of the Drury Lane Theatre by fire in the same year, the Drury Lane Company moved to the Lyceum, and remained there for three seasons. The license had been originally granted in the belief that the house would be open only for four months in the summer, and would become a nursery of singers for the winter theatres. \"Up All Night, or The Smuggler's Cave\", \"Britain's Jubilee\", \"The Maniac,", "title": "Samuel James Arnold" }, { "id": "9734951", "score": "1.353889", "text": "Strand. To the west, about halfway along on the north side, was the New Inn, an Inn of Chancery where Sir Thomas More received his early legal education, and, to the south, Lyon's Inn, another Inn of Chancery where Sir Edward Coke was a reader in 1578, which was replaced by a Globe Theatre and the Opera Comique in c.1863. At the western end was Drury House, the house of Sir Robert Drury, from which Drury Lane took its name, later rebuilt as Craven House by Lord Craven, and finally turned into a public house, the \"Queen of Bohemia\", named", "title": "Wych Street" }, { "id": "4584909", "score": "1.3485107", "text": "corrected during his tenure as manager. The entire complex occupied bounded by Drury Lane (east), Brydges Street (west), Great Russell Street (north) and Little Russell Street (south). From 1674, theatregoers accessed the Drury Lane via a long ten foot wide passageway from Bridges Street. The passageway opened onto a yard (previously a \"Riding Yard\") in which the theatre stood. It's likely that the yard remained open to the sky at this date, on three sides of the Theatre Royal walls. Henri Misson, a visitor from France, offers a description of the theatre in 1698: his use of the word \"amphitheatre\"", "title": "Theatre Royal, Drury Lane" }, { "id": "2245528", "score": "1.3419707", "text": "and a bell was rung when the oven was hot. This was when the bread was made at home and sent to the bakers. This is probably, too, the origination of \"Cake Lane.\" There was also a bake house in Candle Maker Alley, a small lane running between Almys Lane and the top of The Meadows, where between the World Wars, local folk would take their roasts along to be cooked in the oven. Near to the present West Street stood the old Yew Tree Farm, prior to the erection of the present Jubilee Terrace. An old malt-house once stood", "title": "Earl Shilton" }, { "id": "4692270", "score": "1.3407496", "text": "March 1535. Drury and Anne Calthorpe are buried under a stone monument in St. Mary's Church; a wooden palisade bears the inscription ‘Such as ye be, sometime were we, such as we are, such shall ye be. Miserere nostri.’ Drury House, the mansion built by Robert Drury, eventually gave its name to London's Drury Lane and to the well-known Drury Lane Theatre. Drury married firstly, by 1494, Anne Calthorpe, daughter of Sir William Calthorpe of Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, by whom he had two sons and four daughters: After Anne Calthorpe's death, Drury married secondly, Anne (née Jerningham), daughter of Sir", "title": "Robert Drury (speaker)" } ]

[ "gotbot com", "Two all beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions, on a sesame seed bun", "big mac slogan", "maharaja mac", "Big mac", "Two all-beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame seed bun", "special sauce", "Two all beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame seed bun.", "Big Mac", "Big Mac slogan", "Mega Mac", "Gotbot.com", "big mac sauce", "Big Mac® Sauce", "Big mac slogan", "Gofbot.com", "baby mac", "two all beef patties special sauce lettuce cheese pickles onions on sesame seed bun", "twoallbeefpattiesspecialsaucelettucecheesepicklesonionsonasesameseedbun", "Big macs", "monster mac", "mega mac", "Special sauce", "MacSauce", "special sauce mcdonald s", "Two all beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame seed bun", "macsauce", "Monster Mac", "bigmac", "big mac® sauce", "BigMac", "Big Mac(r) Sauce", "big mac r sauce", "Big Mac sauce", "Two all beef patties special sauce lettuce cheese pickles onions on a sesame seed bun", "Baby Mac", "big mac", "Big Mac Sauce", "Special sauce (McDonald's)", "Twoallbeefpattiesspecialsaucelettucecheesepicklesonionsonasesameseedbun", "Two all beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions, on a sesame seed bun.", "gofbot com", "Maharaja Mac", "big macs" ]

[ { "id": "2034566", "score": "1.7526546", "text": "is sometimes referred to as \"Burgernomics\". The name was popularized by a 1974 advertising campaign featuring a list of the ingredients in a Big Mac: \"Two all-beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions – on a sesame seed bun.\" Big Mac Sauce is delivered to McDonald's restaurants in sealed canisters designed by Sealright, from which it is meant to be directly dispensed using a special calibrated \"sauce gun\" that dispenses a specified amount of the sauce for each pull of the trigger. Its design is similar to a caulking gun. In 2012, McDonald's admitted that \"the special sauce ingredients", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": "2034565", "score": "1.7380307", "text": "g) beef patties, \"special sauce\" (a variant of Thousand Island dressing), iceberg lettuce, American cheese, pickles, and onions, served in a three-part sesame seed bun. On October 1, 2018, McDonalds announced that it would remove all artificial preservatives, flavors, and coloring from the Big Mac. The Big Mac is known worldwide and is often used as a symbol of American capitalism and decadence. \"The Economist\" has used it as a reference point for comparing the cost of living in different countries – the Big Mac Index – as it is so widely available and is comparable across markets. This index", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": "2034567", "score": "1.6691644", "text": "were not really a secret\" because the recipe had been available online \"for years\". It consists of store-bought mayonnaise, sweet pickle relish and yellow mustard whisked together with vinegar, garlic powder, onion powder and paprika. In 2018, McDonald's revamped the special sauce by removing potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, and calcium di-sodium EDTA. The Big Mac, along with many other McDonald's products, was first served in a collapsible cardboard container that was changed to a \"clamshell\" style styrofoam container in the late 1970s. Styrofoam containers were phased out beginning in 1990, due to environmental concerns. The product is now sold in", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": "2034576", "score": "1.6113011", "text": "scales at 557 kcal and 30.5 grams of fat. Several Mcdonald's subsidiaries adapt the standard features of the Big Mac (from the USA) to regional requirements. Similar products by other restaurant chains: Big Mac The Big Mac is a hamburger sold by international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's. It was introduced in the Greater Pittsburgh area, United States, in 1967 and nationwide in 1968. It is one of the company's signature products. The Big Mac was created by Jim Delligatti, an early Ray Kroc franchisee, who was operating several restaurants in the Pittsburgh area. It was invented in the kitchen", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": "2034563", "score": "1.5999439", "text": "Big Mac The Big Mac is a hamburger sold by international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's. It was introduced in the Greater Pittsburgh area, United States, in 1967 and nationwide in 1968. It is one of the company's signature products. The Big Mac was created by Jim Delligatti, an early Ray Kroc franchisee, who was operating several restaurants in the Pittsburgh area. It was invented in the kitchen of Delligatti's first McDonald's franchise, located on McKnight Road in suburban Ross Township. The Big Mac had two previous names, both of which failed in the marketplace: the Aristocrat, which consumers found", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Big Mac\n\nThe Big Mac is a hamburger sold by the international fast food restaurant chain McDonald's. It was introduced in the Greater Pittsburgh area in 1967 and across the United States in 1968. It is one of the company's flagship products and signature dishes. The Big Mac contains two beef patties, cheese, shredded lettuce, pickles, minced onions, and a Thousand Island-type dressing advertised as \"special sauce\", on a three-slice sesame-seed bun.", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Hamburger\n\nA hamburger, or simply burger, is a food consisting of fillings—usually a patty of ground meat, typically beef—placed inside a sliced bun or bread roll. Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon, or chilis; condiments such as ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, relish, or a \"special sauce,\" often a variation of Thousand Island dressing; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns. A hamburger patty topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger. \n\nThe term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the United Kingdom, where the term \"patty\" is rarely used or can even refer to ground beef. Since the term \"hamburger\" usually implies beef, for clarity \"burger\" may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in beef burger, turkey burger, bison burger, portobello burger, or veggie burger. In Australia and New Zealand, a piece of chicken breast on a bun is known as a chicken burger, which would generally not be considered to be a \"burger\" in the United States; Americans would generally call it a \"chicken sandwich\", but in Australian English and New Zealand English a \"sandwich\" requires sliced bread (not a bun), so it would not be considered a \"sandwich\".\n\nHamburgers are typically sold at fast-food restaurants, diners, and specialty and high-end restaurants. There are many international and regional variations of hamburgers.", "title": "Hamburger" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "History of the hamburger\n\nThe hamburger first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.<ref name=\"rlmcdonald\" /> The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization and the emergence of the working class and the middle class with the resulting demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.\n\nConsiderable evidence suggests that either the United States or Germany (the city of Hamburg) was the first country where two slices of bread and a ground beef steak were combined into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sold. There is some controversy over the origin of the hamburger because its two basic ingredients, bread and beef, had been prepared and consumed separately for many years in different countries before their combination. Shortly after its creation, the hamburger quickly included all of its currently typically characteristic trimmings, including onions, lettuce, and sliced pickles.\n\nAfter various controversies in the 20th century, including a nutritional controversy in the late 1990s, the burger is now readily identified with the United States, and a particular style of cuisine, namely fast food. Along with fried chicken and apple pie, the hamburger has become a culinary icon in the United States.\n\nThe hamburger's international popularity demonstrates the larger globalization of food<ref name=\"Global\" /> that also includes the rise in global popularity of other national dishes, including the Italian pizza, Chinese fried rice and Japanese sushi. The hamburger has spread from continent to continent perhaps because it matches familiar elements in different culinary cultures.<ref name=\"McGlobal\" /> This global culinary culture has been produced, in part, by the concept of selling processed food, first launched in the 1920s by the White Castle restaurant chain and its founder Edgar Waldo \"Billy\" Ingram and then refined by McDonald's in the 1940s <ref name= \"Smith\" /><ref name=\"Arcs\" /> This global expansion provides economic points of comparison like the Big Mac Index,<ref name= \"BigIndex\" /> by which one can compare the purchasing power of different countries where the Big Mac hamburger is sold.", "title": "History of the hamburger" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of McDonald's products\n\nMcDonald's is one of the world's largest fast food chains, founded in 1940 in San Bernardino, California, and incorporated in Des Plaines, Illinois, in 1955. Since then, McDonald's has become a household name in America, known for selling a variety of convenience food items at thousands of locations worldwide. Throughout its history, McDonald's has experimented with a number of different offerings on the menu. In 2007, McDonald's had only 85 items on its menu; by 2013 this number had risen to 145 items on its menu.", "title": "List of McDonald's products" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cheeseburger\n\nA cheeseburger is a hamburger topped with cheese. Traditionally, the slice of cheese is placed on top of the meat patty. The cheese is usually added to the cooking hamburger patty shortly before serving, which allows the cheese to melt. Cheeseburgers can include variations in structure, ingredients and composition. As with other hamburgers, a cheeseburger may include toppings such as lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon, mayonnaise, ketchup, and mustard.\n\nIn fast food restaurants, the cheese used in cheeseburgers is usually processed cheese. Other meltable cheeses may be used as alternatives. Common examples include cheddar, Swiss, mozzarella, blue cheese, and pepper jack. Popular restaurants that sell cheeseburgers include McDonald's, Burger King, Wendy's, and many more.", "title": "Cheeseburger" }, { "id": "2034575", "score": "1.5640664", "text": "12 feet wide) and has hundreds of historic artifacts and exhibits that celebrate the Big Mac. Some Uniontown residents were unhappy with the selected location; a McDonald’s spokesperson said that the decision was based on ease of highway access. The Big Mac is a geographically localized product. In the United States, the Big Mac has 550 kcal (2,300 kJ), 29 grams of fat and 25 grams of protein. In Australia, the burger is slightly smaller with 493 kcal (2,060 kJ) and 26.9 grams of fat, but similar amounts of protein with 25.2 grams, while the Japanese burger tops out the", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": "2034564", "score": "1.5636317", "text": "difficult to pronounce and understand, and Blue Ribbon Burger. The third name, Big Mac, was created by Esther Glickstein Rose, a 21-year-old advertising secretary who worked at McDonald’s corporate headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois. The Big Mac debuted at Delligatti's Uniontown, Pennsylvania restaurant in 1967, selling for 45 cents. It was designed to compete with Big Boy Restaurants' Big Boy hamburger; Eat'n Park was the Pittsburgh area's Big Boy franchisee at the time. The Big Mac proved popular and it was added to the menu of all U.S. restaurants in 1968. The Big Mac consists of two 1.6 oz (45.4", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": "2034571", "score": "1.5256522", "text": "and played aloud by pulling on a string. Roy Bergold, National Advertising Manager at McDonald's, has a big hand in championing the original campaign and helping to bring it back. In 2008 McDonald's Malaysia revived the phrase. The revival includes the original prize of a free Big Mac if the customer is able to recite the phrase in under four seconds. It was released in May, along with the promotional \"Mega Mac\", which has four beef patties instead of two. In the early 1980s, as a promotion, McDonald's staged an in-house rivalry between their two most popular products. Consumers were", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": "7222239", "score": "1.507099", "text": "composition that resembled the Big Mac: it had two beef patties, \"King\" sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles and onions on a three-part sesame seed bun. Because its patties are flame-broiled and larger than McDonald's grill fried and seasoned patties, and the formulation of the \"King Sauce\" was different from McDonald's \"Special sauce\", the sandwich had a similar, but not exact, taste and different caloric content. The sandwich was reformulated after the initial test run, removing the center roll. The Double Supreme was advertised with a direct attack on the Big Mac, using the claims that it had 75% more beef and", "title": "Big King" }, { "id": "19016986", "score": "1.5053403", "text": "are prepared with the ingredients separately layered. Those that use cheese may use grated cheese atop the dish, while others mix the cheese throughout the dish. Sometimes, onions or beans are added. Basic versions may be prepared using chopped meat, tomato, spices, and elbow macaroni. Another basic preparation method incorporates boxed, prepared macaroni and cheese and canned chili. The dish may be prepared on a range top in a skillet, in a slow cooker, or baked as a casserole. Some diners in St. Louis, Missouri serve a version called \"chili mac a la mode\", in which the dish is served", "title": "Chili mac" }, { "id": "2034568", "score": "1.4924786", "text": "another collapsible cardboard box. The earliest instances of McDonald's using advertising for the burger were mainly print ads, and a TV ad in which Hoyt Axton sings \"The Ballad of Big Mac\" which aired in 1969. The \"Two all-beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions – on a sesame seed bun\" concept for the jingle was created by Keith Reinhard, Chairman Emeritus of DDB Worldwide, and his creative group at Needham Harper and Steers. Originally, the ingredients appeared as a one-word heading for a McDonald's ad developed for college newspapers. The words were then set to music created by", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": "2579136", "score": "1.4900172", "text": "recipes, potatoes. In the Canton of Uri, the potatoes are traditionally omitted, and in some regions, bacon or ham is added. The cheese is often Emmental cheese or Appenzeller cheese. It is usually accompanied by apple sauce. Extra ingredients sometimes incorporated include bacon, jalapeños, tomatoes, onions, leeks, dried herbs, Tabasco sauce, sautéed mushrooms, ham, ground beef, sliced hot dogs, Spam, lobster, canned tuna or salmon, peas and broccoli. Packaged macaroni and cheese is available in frozen form or as boxed ingredients for simplified preparation. Boston Market, Michelina's, Kraft, and Stouffer's are some of the more recognizable brands of prepared and", "title": "Macaroni and cheese" }, { "id": "17671825", "score": "1.4842643", "text": "including the Ronald McDonald House Charities foundation, through proceeds from the sales of Big Macs. In 2012, McHappy Day in Latin America raised nearly $15 million for RMHC. There are many myths and misperceptions about the quality of McDonald’s products, including ingredients and additives in its beef products. A recent television and online campaign by Arcos Dorados called \"Beyond our Kitchen\" or \"Mas Alla De La Cocina\" highlights the origin of the ingredients used in McDonald's restaurants and addresses questions about the quality of McDonald’s food by showing the farms where the beef, chicken, potatoes and vegetables come from and", "title": "Arcos Dorados Holdings" }, { "id": "19016985", "score": "1.4811409", "text": "Chili mac Chili mac is a dish prepared using chili and macaroni as primary ingredients, which is often topped or intermingled with cheese. Some versions are made using prepared or homemade macaroni and cheese. It is a common dish in the Midwestern United States, and is also popular in other areas of the United States. It can be a relatively inexpensive dish to prepare, and has been described as a comfort food. Several variations of the dish exist, and prepared canned and boxed versions also exist. Several preparation methods exist. Some recipes incorporate all of the ingredients together, while others", "title": "Chili mac" }, { "id": "2034570", "score": "1.4773698", "text": "ran out of Big Mac buns. McDonald's Australia emulated this promotion in the mid-1980s, and some Brazilian McDonald's around the same time (only offering a free glass of Coca-Cola instead), in the Portuguese-language version, which is \"Dois hambúrgueres, alface, queijo, molho especial, cebola e picles num pão com gergelim\". In 2003, McDonald's revived the phrase. In an English-language ad from McDonald's international \"i'm lovin' it\" campaign, a rapper rapidly spouts off the trademark in the background music. Also in 2003, American Greetings and Carlton Cards released a Christmas ornament of a Big Mac, on which the slogan was both printed", "title": "Big Mac" }, { "id": "1723710", "score": "1.4718565", "text": "In India — which is a predominantly Hindu country — beef burgers are not available at any McDonald's outlets. The Chicken Maharaja Mac serves as a substitute for the Big Mac. There is a lot of variance with the exclusively beef \"Big Mac\": the Australian version of the Big Mac has 22% fewer Calories than the Canadian version, and is 8% lighter than the version sold in Mexico. On 1 November 2009, all three of the McDonald's in Iceland closed, primarily due to the chain's high cost of importing most of the chain's meat and vegetables, by McDonald's demands and", "title": "Big Mac Index" }, { "id": "11361110", "score": "1.4684978", "text": "The El Maco meal is served with a barbecue spice mixture and a paper bag in which the fries and the spice mixture are poured, similar to Japan's Shaka Shaka Chicken. In 2018 McDonald's released the Big Mac with bacon. Also same as in Sweden, they are offering McVegan patty for vegans in wraps, sallad or as a burger. Macarons are also served as a McCafe product. In early 2018 they released Valio Oltermanni Juustonapit that is basically small cheese nuggets filled with the famous Finnish cheese. In France, McDonald's offers donuts for breakfast and Kronenbourg 1664 beer in 25", "title": "International availability of McDonald's products" }, { "id": "3889646", "score": "1.462342", "text": "Don Gorske Donald A. Gorske (born November 28, 1953) is an American world record holder and known as the \"Big Mac enthusiast\". He is best known for having eaten 30,000 Big Mac hamburgers from the U.S. fast food chain McDonald's in his lifetime and winning a place in the Guinness Book of Records. He claims the Big Mac constitutes 90-95% of his total solid food intake. He is featured in the documentaries \"Super Size Me\" (2004) and \"Don Gorske: Mac Daddy\" (2005). He is the author of \"22,477 Big Macs\" (2008), and resides in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Gorske claims", "title": "Don Gorske" }, { "id": "3889650", "score": "1.453783", "text": "he maintains a stable weight by consuming fewer calories daily than the average American. He says his taste buds have always fluctuated in sensitivity, so he often eats a Big Mac without being able to taste it. On May 17, 2011, Gorske ate his 25,000th Big Mac at his favorite McDonald's restaurant in Fond du Lac. On his birthdays, he puts candles in Big Mac like a cake, and when Christmas time comes around, he treats himself to more Big Macs while his family have more traditional Christmas food. He claims that since he ate his first Big Mac, there", "title": "Don Gorske" }, { "id": "7222264", "score": "1.4448597", "text": "for the product. The advertisements featured the company's new \"Get Your Burger's Worth\" tagline and they attacked the Big Mac with the claim \"Get ready for a new taste that beats the Big Mac.\" Additional ads continued the attacks, stating \"just like a Big Mac, except it's got 75% more beef. And it's flame-broiled.\" The King Supreme debuted with an advertising campaign created by the McCaffery Ratner Gottlieb & Lane agency and commercials produced by Aspect Ratio which featured blues legend B.B. King. The ads pushed the company's lunch and dinner periods as the best time to have the sandwich", "title": "Big King" } ]

[ "Silver (metal)", "silver mounted", "silver compounds", "Silverly", "Argentic", "silver metal", "argentical", "silvern", "timcanpi", "Timcanpi", "element xlvii", "Argentum", "🜛", "Element XLVII", "Silver mounted", "argentate", "Argentically", "7440 22 4", "silverness", "silverly", "silver ions", "argentically", "e174", "Edible silver", "Silveriness", "silver element", "Silverily", "Ag+", "element 47", "Argentate", "Silver metallurgy", "native silver", "silveriness", "Silver-mounted", "Silvermounted", "ATC code D08AL30", "atc code d08al30", "silver", "silverily", "argentum", "Silver processing", "Argentical", "edible silver", "silver metallurgy", "Native silver", "Silver (element)", "silvermounted", "Silvern", "Silver ions", "Silverness", "atcvet code qd08al30", "Silver compounds", "ag", "silver processing", "argentic", "E174", "Argentous", "ATCvet code QD08AL30", "Silver", "argentous", "7440-22-4", "Element 47" ]

[ { "id": "374024", "score": "1.7369896", "text": "the periodic table) is useful in nuclear reactors because of its high thermal neutron capture cross-section, good conduction of heat, mechanical stability, and resistance to corrosion in hot water. The word \"silver\" appears in Anglo-Saxon in various spellings, such as \"seolfor\" and \"siolfor\". A similar form is seen throughout the Germanic languages (compare Old High German \"silabar\" and \"silbir\"). The chemical symbol Ag is from the Latin word for \"silver\", \"argentum\" (compare Ancient Greek ἄργυρος, \"árgyros\"), from the Proto-Indo-European root *\"h₂erǵ-\" (formerly reconstructed as \"*arǵ-\"), meaning \"white\" or \"shining\": this was the usual Proto-Indo-European word for the metal, whose reflexes", "title": "Silver" }, { "id": "69077", "score": "1.73298", "text": "of metals. Cu comes from Cuprum, Fe comes from Ferrum, Ag from Argentum. The symbols were not followed by a period (full stop) as with abbreviations. Later chemical elements were also assigned unique chemical symbols, based on the name of the element, but not necessarily in English. For example, sodium has the chemical symbol 'Na' after the Latin \"natrium\". The same applies to \"W\" (wolfram) for tungsten, \"Fe\" (ferrum) for iron, \"Hg\" (hydrargyrum) for mercury, \"Sn\" (stannum) for tin, \"K\" (kalium) for potassium, \"Au\" (aurum) for gold, \"Ag\" (argentum) for silver, \"Pb\" (plumbum) for lead, \"Cu\" (cuprum) for copper, and", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "id": "1402649", "score": "1.7151031", "text": "in South Africa, the Stillwater Complex in Montana, United States, the Thunder Bay District of Ontario, Canada, and the Norilsk Complex in Russia. Recycling is also a source of palladium, mostly from scrapped catalytic converters. The numerous applications and limited supply sources of palladium result in the metal attracting considerable investment interest. Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag (, from the Indo-European root \"*arg-\" for \"grey\" or \"shining\") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal.", "title": "Period 5 element" }, { "id": "373998", "score": "1.674176", "text": "the periodic table. The atomic weight is 107.8682(2) u; this value is very important because of the importance of silver compounds, particularly halides, in gravimetric analysis. Both isotopes of silver are produced in stars via the s-process (slow neutron capture), as well as in supernovas via the r-process (rapid neutron capture). Twenty-eight radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable being Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, Ag with a half-life of 7.45 days, and Ag with a half-life of 3.13 hours. Silver has numerous nuclear isomers, the most stable being Ag (\"t\" = 418 years), Ag (\"t\" = 249.79", "title": "Silver" }, { "id": "5554635", "score": "1.669819", "text": "Ausonium Ausonium (atomic symbol Ao) was the name assigned to the element with atomic number 93, now known as neptunium. It was named after a Greek name of Italy, Ausonia. The same team assigned the name hesperium to element 94, after Hesperia, a poetic name of Italy. (Element 94 was later named plutonium). The discovery of the element, now discredited, was made by Enrico Fermi and a team of scientists at the University of Rome in 1934. In the same year Ida Noddack had already presented alternative explanations for the experimental results of Fermi. Following the discovery of nuclear fission", "title": "Ausonium" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Silver\n\nSilver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag (from the Latin \"\", derived from the Proto-Indo-European \"h₂erǵ\": \"shiny\" or \"white\") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form (\"native silver\"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining.\n\nSilver has long been valued as a precious metal. Silver metal is used in many bullion coins, sometimes alongside gold: while it is more abundant than gold, it is much less abundant as a native metal. Its purity is typically measured on a per-mille basis; a 94%-pure alloy is described as \"0.940 fine\". As one of the seven metals of antiquity, silver has had an enduring role in most human cultures.\n\nOther than in currency and as an investment medium (coins and bullion), silver is used in solar panels, water filtration, jewellery, ornaments, high-value tableware and utensils (hence the term \"silverware\"), in electrical contacts and conductors, in specialized mirrors, window coatings, in catalysis of chemical reactions, as a colorant in stained glass, and in specialized confectionery. Its compounds are used in photographic and X-ray film. Dilute solutions of silver nitrate and other silver compounds are used as disinfectants and microbiocides (oligodynamic effect), added to bandages, wound-dressings, catheters, and other medical instruments.", "title": "Silver" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Template:Infobox silver" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of chemical elements\n\nThis is a list of the 118 chemical elements which have been identified as of 2023. A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has the same number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., the same atomic number, or \"Z\").\n\nThe definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements, whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding developments of modern chemistry. It is a tabular arrangement of the elements by their chemical properties that usually uses abbreviated chemical symbols in place of full element names, but the linear list format presented here is also useful. Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.\n\n\n", "title": "List of chemical elements" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "silver - Wikidata" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Chemical element\n\nA chemical element is a species of atoms that have a given number of protons in their nuclei, including the pure substance consisting only of that species. Unlike chemical compounds, chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction. The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element, and is referred to as its atomic number (represented by the symbol \"Z\") – all atoms with the same atomic number are atoms of the same element.<ref name=\"goldbookElement\" /> Almost all of the baryonic matter of the universe is composed of chemical elements (among rare exceptions are neutron stars). When different elements undergo chemical reactions, atoms are rearranged into new compounds held together by chemical bonds. Only a minority of elements, such as silver and gold, are found uncombined as relatively pure native element minerals. Nearly all other naturally occurring elements occur in the Earth as compounds or mixtures. Air is primarily a mixture of the elements nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, though it does contain compounds including carbon dioxide and water.\n\nThe history of the discovery and use of the elements began with primitive human societies that discovered native minerals like carbon, sulfur, copper and gold (though the concept of a chemical element was not yet understood). Attempts to classify materials such as these resulted in the concepts of classical elements, alchemy, and various similar theories throughout human history. Much of the modern understanding of elements developed from the work of Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist who published the first recognizable periodic table in 1869. This table organizes the elements by increasing atomic number into rows (\"periods\") in which the columns (\"groups\") share recurring (\"periodic\") physical and chemical properties. The periodic table summarizes various properties of the elements, allowing chemists to derive relationships between them and to make predictions about compounds and potential new ones.\n\nBy November 2016, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry had recognized a total of 118 elements. The first 94 occur naturally on Earth, and the remaining 24 are synthetic elements produced in nuclear reactions. Save for unstable radioactive elements (radionuclides) which decay quickly, nearly all of the elements are available industrially in varying amounts. The discovery and synthesis of further new elements is an ongoing area of scientific study.", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "id": "104272", "score": "1.6567446", "text": "be used as placeholders until permanent names were established; under it, element 105 would be \"unnilpentium\", from the Latin roots \"un-\" and \"nil-\" and the Greek root \"pent-\" (meaning \"one\", \"zero\", and \"five\", respectively, the digits of the atomic number). Both teams ignored it as they did not wish to weaken their outstanding claims. In 1981, the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI; \"Society for Heavy Ion Research\") in Darmstadt, West Germany, claimed synthesis of element 107; their report came out five years after the first report from JINR but with greater precision, making a more solid claim on discovery. GSI acknowledged", "title": "Dubnium" }, { "id": "373990", "score": "1.6527491", "text": "Silver Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin \"\", derived from the Proto-Indo-European \"h₂erǵ\": \"shiny\" or \"white\") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form (\"native silver\"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining. Silver has long been valued as a precious metal. Silver", "title": "Silver" }, { "id": "12257626", "score": "1.6402359", "text": "of 46.612 days. Most of the remaining radioisotopes have half-lives that are less than a day. and are the most often studied NMR-active nuclei, having spins of and respectively. Hg is the modern chemical symbol for mercury. It comes from \"hydrargyrum\", a Latinized form of the Greek word ὑδράργυρος (\"hydrargyros\"), which is a compound word meaning \"water-silver\" (from ὑδρ- \"hydr-\", the root of ὕδωρ, \"water,\" and ἄργυρος \"argyros\" \"silver\") – since it is liquid like water and shiny like silver. The element was named after the Roman god Mercury, known for his speed and mobility. It is associated with the", "title": "Mercury (element)" }, { "id": "291595", "score": "1.6045244", "text": "into a proton, thus moving the resulting isotope one place up the periodic table. When Fermi's team bombarded uranium, they observed this behavior as well, which strongly suggested that the resulting isotope had an atomic number of 93. Fermi was initially reluctant to publicize such a claim, but after his team observed several unknown half-lives in the uranium bombardment products that did not match those of any known isotope, he published a paper entitled \"Possible Production of Elements of Atomic Number Higher than 92\" in June 1934. In it he proposed the name ausonium (atomic symbol Ao) for element 93,", "title": "Neptunium" }, { "id": "12531585", "score": "1.6004491", "text": "upper left of the chemical symbol and to indicate the atomic number with a subscript at the lower left (e.g. , , , , , and ). Because the atomic number is given by the element symbol, it is common to state only the mass number in the superscript and leave out the atomic number subscript (e.g. , , , , , and ). The letter \"m\" is sometimes appended after the mass number to indicate a nuclear isomer, a metastable or energetically-excited nuclear state (as opposed to the lowest-energy ground state), for example (tantalum-180m). The common pronunciation of the", "title": "Isotope" }, { "id": "767938", "score": "1.5937717", "text": "organic chemistry were rejected, following existing symbols bearing such dual meanings: Ac (actinium and acetyl) and Pr (praseodymium and propyl). The naming ceremony for moscovium, tennessine, and oganesson was held in March 2017 at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow; a separate ceremony for tennessine alone had been held at ORNL in January 2017. The stability of nuclei quickly decreases with the increase in atomic number after curium, element 96, whose half-life is four orders of magnitude longer than that of any subsequent element. All isotopes with an atomic number above 101 undergo radioactive decay with half-lives of less", "title": "Tennessine" }, { "id": "722651", "score": "1.5862718", "text": "for radon). In 1979, IUPAC assigned the systematic placeholder name \"ununoctium\" to the undiscovered element, with the corresponding symbol of \"Uuo\", and recommended that it be used until after confirmed discovery of the element. Although widely used in the chemical community on all levels, from chemistry classrooms to advanced textbooks, the recommendations were mostly ignored among scientists in the field, who called it \"element 118\", with the symbol of \"E118\", \"(118)\", or even simply \"118\". Before the retraction in 2002, the researchers from Berkeley had intended to name the element \"ghiorsium\" (\"Gh\"), after Albert Ghiorso (a leading member of the", "title": "Oganesson" }, { "id": "5874678", "score": "1.5843141", "text": "Isotopes of silver Naturally occurring silver (Ag) is composed of the two stable isotopes Ag and Ag with Ag being the more abundant (51.839% natural abundance). Twenty-eight radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, Ag with a half-life of 7.45 days, and Ag with a half-life of 3.13 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than an hour and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 3 minutes. This element has numerous meta states with the most stable being Ag (\"t\" 418 years),", "title": "Isotopes of silver" }, { "id": "1533310", "score": "1.5825171", "text": "years and is used in medical applications, industrial gauges, and hydrology. Although the element is only mildly toxic, it is a hazardous material as a metal and its radioisotopes present a high health risk in case of radioactivity releases. Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Barium is never found in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air. Its oxide is historically known as baryta but it reacts with water and carbon dioxide and is", "title": "Period 6 element" }, { "id": "72593", "score": "1.5815201", "text": "Caesium Caesium (IUPAC spelling) or cesium (American spelling) is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28.5 °C (83.3 °F), which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium. The most reactive of all metals, it is pyrophoric and reacts with water even at −116 °C (−177 °F). It is the least electronegative element, with a value of 0.79 on the Pauling scale. It", "title": "Caesium" }, { "id": "767934", "score": "1.5798385", "text": "chain, although it would be desirable to be able to directly measure the mass number of the originating nucleus of each chain as well as the excitation function of the Am+Ca reaction. Using Mendeleev's nomenclature for unnamed and undiscovered elements, element 117 should be known as \"eka-astatine\". Using the 1979 recommendations by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the element was temporarily called \"ununseptium\" (symbol \"Uus\") until its discovery was confirmed and a permanent name chosen; the temporary name was formed from Latin roots \"one\", \"one\", and \"seven\", a reference to the element's atomic number of 117.", "title": "Tennessine" }, { "id": "69072", "score": "1.5711448", "text": "meaning \"no life\") for \"nitrogen\". For purposes of international communication and trade, the official names of the chemical elements both ancient and more recently recognized are decided by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), which has decided on a sort of international English language, drawing on traditional English names even when an element's chemical symbol is based on a Latin or other traditional word, for example adopting \"gold\" rather than \"aurum\" as the name for the 79th element (Au). IUPAC prefers the British spellings \"aluminium\" and \"caesium\" over the U.S. spellings \"aluminum\" and \"cesium\", and the U.S.", "title": "Chemical element" }, { "id": "763627", "score": "1.5692173", "text": "ones in the world where long beam times are accessible for reactions with such low predicted cross-sections. Using Mendeleev's nomenclature for unnamed and undiscovered elements, ununennium should be known as \"eka-francium\". Using the 1979 IUPAC recommendations, the element should be temporarily called \"ununennium\" (symbol \"Uue\") until it is discovered, the discovery is confirmed, and a permanent name chosen. Although widely used in the chemical community on all levels, from chemistry classrooms to advanced textbooks, the recommendations are mostly ignored among scientists who work theoretically or experimentally on superheavy elements, who call it \"element 119\", with the symbol \"E119\", \"(119)\" or", "title": "Ununennium" }, { "id": "4217195", "score": "1.5665889", "text": "122\" with the symbol of (\"122\"), or sometimes even \"E122\" or \"122\". The stability of nuclei decreases greatly with the increase in atomic number after plutonium, the heaviest primordial element, so that all isotopes with an atomic number above 101 decay radioactively with a half-life under a day, with an exception of dubnium-268. No elements with atomic numbers above 82 (after lead) have stable isotopes. Nevertheless, because of reasons not very well understood yet, there is a slight increased nuclear stability around atomic numbers 110–114, which leads to the appearance of what is known in nuclear physics as the \"island", "title": "Unbibium" }, { "id": "9230", "score": "1.5625594", "text": "rubidium (from the Latin word \"rubidus\", meaning dark red or bright red), and a sky-blue line for caesium (derived from the Latin word \"caesius\", meaning sky-blue). Around 1865 John Newlands produced a series of papers where he listed the elements in order of increasing atomic weight and similar physical and chemical properties that recurred at intervals of eight; he likened such periodicity to the octaves of music, where notes an octave apart have similar musical functions. His version put all the alkali metals then known (lithium to caesium), as well as copper, silver, and thallium (which show the +1 oxidation", "title": "Alkali metal" } ]

[ "Bruce Willis as John McClane in Die Hard", "bruce willis as john mcclane in die hard" ]

[ { "id": "6459159", "score": "1.7786047", "text": "McClane is known for his catchphrase, \"Yippee-ki-yay, motherfucker\". He frequently says it to taunt his adversaries, or in the moments before killing them. McClane adopts the phrase in the first film, \"Die Hard\", when villain Hans Gruber calls him a cowboy and asks if he thinks he stands a chance. McClane replies, \"Yippee-ki-yay, motherfucker\". At the end of the film, before his death at the hands of McClane, Gruber echoes the phrase before McClane overpowers him. McClane repeats the phrase in the two following films. At the end of \"Die Hard 2\", he delivers it before lighting a trail of", "title": "John McClane" }, { "id": "13518470", "score": "1.670341", "text": "Shepherd), explains that \"I didn't say fudge. I said THE word...the queen mother of dirty words: the F-dash-dash-dash word.\" In the 1984 film \"Johnny Dangerously\", the character Roman Maronie is known for butchering the English language, especially English vulgarities: One of the more infamous TV edits is that of John McClane's iconic line from \"Die Hard\", \"Yippee-ki-yay, motherfucker\" is changed to \"Yippee-ki-yay, Mr. Falcon\". The TV edit of the film \"The Usual Suspects\", instead of having the police lineup say, \"Give me the keys, you fucking cocksucker\", they say \"Give me the keys, you fairy godmother\". In the 1998 film", "title": "Minced oaths in media" }, { "id": "1924988", "score": "1.4899569", "text": "and emigrated to the United States. He became a child actor at age 12, starring as Harrison Ford's sidekick Short Round in \"Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom\". After being cast, his family changed his name to Ke Huy, the name by which he is credited in the film. In 1985, he co-starred in \"The Goonies\" as a member of the eponymous group of children, the inventor Richard \"Data\" Wang. He played a pickpocket orphan in the 1986 Taiwanese movie \"It Takes a Thief.\" In 1987, he appeared in the Japanese movie \"Passengers\" (\"Passenjā Sugisarishi Hibi\") with the Japanese", "title": "Jonathan Ke Quan" }, { "id": "1825885", "score": "1.4855645", "text": "Yip Kai Foon Yip Kai Foon (; 12 June 1961 – 19 April 2017, born in Haifeng, China), also known as \"Teeth Dog\" and \"Goosehead\", was an infamous Chinese illegal immigrant turned gangster who was most active in Hong Kong from the early 1980s to 1990s. He and his gang specialised in robbing jewellery stores with assault rifles. Their weapon of choice was the AK-47 assault rifle, which they acquired from black markets hosted by triads. He is also the first person to have used an AK-47 during an armed-robbery in Hong Kong. In October 1984, when he was 23,", "title": "Yip Kai Foon" }, { "id": "404843", "score": "1.4845734", "text": "of the four films to be one character, who has changed as he has aged. The film also influenced the Charles Winkler film \"You Talkin' to Me?\" In the 2012 film \"Seven Psychopaths\", psychotic Los Angeles actor Billy Bickle (Sam Rockwell) believes himself to be the illegitimate son of Travis Bickle. The vigilante ending inspired Jacques Audiard for his 2015 Palme d'Or-winning film \"Dheepan\". The French director based the eponymous Tamil Tiger character on the one played by Robert De Niro in order to make him a \"real movie hero\". De Niro's \"You talkin' to me?\" has become a pop", "title": "Taxi Driver" }, { "id": "4737104", "score": "1.4773024", "text": "breath, Donut gets up, grabs the Landlord by the shirt and utters in English, \"What are you prepared to do?\", a nod to Sean Connery's character Jim Malone in Brian De Palma's 1987 film \"The Untouchables.\" The dialogue that the Beast says while negotiating with the Axe Gang for killing the Landlady and Landlord—\"...then young friend, I will make an offer you cannot refuse\", is a reference of the dialogue from the movie \"The Godfather\". Also, the Landlady's comment to Brother Sum—\"We brought a gift you cannot refuse\" is an obvious parody of the same, to which Sum replies (in", "title": "Kung Fu Hustle" }, { "id": "8368249", "score": "1.4699364", "text": "Wilson Yip Wilson Yip or Yip Wai-Shun (; born 1963) is a Hong Kong actor, filmmaker and screenwriter. His films include \"Bio Zombie\", \"The White Dragon\", \"\", \"Dragon Tiger Gate\", \"Flash Point\" and the \"Ip Man\" series. A film buff at an early age, Yip went to the cinema whenever he could and often wrote reviews on the backs of ticket stubs. He entered the movie business in the 1980s, starting out as a \"gofer\" and working his way up to assistant director. His directorial debut was \"01.00 AM\", a three-segment horror compendium. He directed two of three parts, one", "title": "Wilson Yip" }, { "id": "4615711", "score": "1.4666355", "text": "for the recurring role of \"Ping,\" the delivery boy, on the television sitcom, \"Seinfeld\". He has also appeared on other sitcoms, such as \"How I Met Your Mother\", \"Two and a Half Men\", \"The King of Queens\", \"Anger Management\", and \"Rules of Engagement\". He played Paul Choy in the 1988 TV mini-series, \"Noble House\"; then in 1990 \"Rock Hudson\" (as a doctor), and then in 2007, appeared as Li Shung Sui in \"The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones: Journey of Radiance\". He played a Japanese officer in the 2001 film, \"Pearl Harbor\". He also appeared in an episode of \"Californication\";", "title": "Ping Wu" }, { "id": "12713649", "score": "1.4612502", "text": "Victor Wong (actor, born 1927) Yee Keung Victor Wong (; 30 July 1927 – 12 September 2001) was an American character actor of Chinese descent who appeared in supporting roles throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He is widely known for his role as Chinese sorcerer Egg Shen in John Carpenter's 1986 film \"Big Trouble in Little China\". Victor Wong studied political science and journalism at the University of California, Berkeley and Theology at the University of Chicago under Paul Tillich, Reinhold Niebuhr and Martin Buber. When he returned to San Francisco, Wong resumed his studies at the San Francisco Art", "title": "Victor Wong (actor, born 1927)" }, { "id": "15519162", "score": "1.4523282", "text": "as Cousin Julio. It was directed by Tazewell Thompson. On November 30, 2011, author Stephen Adly Guirguis aired his complaints with the casting of this production, saying that director Thompson had cast white actors in two parts intended to be portrayed as Puerto Rican. Thompson also included a scene of full-frontal male nudity which was not in the original Broadway production, but was in the script. In January 2013 \"The Mother**ker with the Hat\" was produced at San Francisco Playhouse in San Francisco where it was very well received. There was also a production of the play which opened at", "title": "The Motherfucker with the Hat" }, { "id": "18207367", "score": "1.4450285", "text": "Origin of the phrase is suggested to belong to the Cajun and black Creole cowboys of the Cajun prairies. In the film \"American Patchwork\", Alan Lomax makes a loose claim stating cowboys from Texas heard the phrase being used as they drove their cattle across the Cajun prairies to be sold in New Orleans. He makes the assumption that this phrase is the origins of the call \"Whoopie Ti Yi Yo\". Author Raymond E. Francois describes a different origin. The French word \"Huppe\", used colloquially, means \"clever\" while \"taiaut\" comes from the English shout \"tally-ho\", and refers to a hound", "title": "Hippy Ti Yo" }, { "id": "5486920", "score": "1.4447117", "text": "producer's wife Agata Flori, Gina Lollobrigida's cousin Guido Lollobrigida and Yasuko Yama (aka Yee-Wah Young and Yee-Wah Yang) then in the publicity spotlight due to her relationship with James Mason. She appeared as a bath girl in \"You Only Live Twice\" under the name Yee-Wah Yang. The film received generally negative reviews from the \"New York Times\", \"Variety\" and the \"Monthly Film Bulletin\" with the latter two reviews noting that the film could leave audiences with unintentional laughter at its ineptitude. The film was featured on the film-mocking television series \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\" in 1993. When a legendary British", "title": "O.K. Connery" }, { "id": "4422683", "score": "1.4409955", "text": "Deputy Commissioner of Hong Kong Police. In 1989, he starred in the Japanese-Hong Kong co-production of \"Bloodfight\". This was the first of its kind in which English was spoken throughout the entire film. In 1992, Yam gained critical acclaim for his role as the maniacal Judge in the crime film \"Full Contact\", where he faced off in a bloody battle against Chow Yun-fat's character. In 1993, he starred as \"Dhalsim\" in the action-comedy film \"Future Cops\", a parody of \"Street Fighter\" directed by Wong Jing. In 1996, Yam began his role as Chiang Tin-Sung, the leader of the \"Hung Hing\"", "title": "Simon Yam" }, { "id": "8485519", "score": "1.4384282", "text": "the time and \"All About Ah-Long\" was a showcase of his versatility. Wong Kwan-yuen, who played Porky in the film, was really ten years old. Wong was born in 1978 and the film was launched in 1988. The film is also frequently cited as one of the milestones in Sylvia Chang's career. The movie was nominated for nine Hong Kong Film Awards, but the film only managed to win the Best Actor award, for Chow Yun-fat, who was also nominated in the same category for \"God of Gamblers\". All About Ah-Long All About Ah-Long (, Taiwan title:又見阿郎) is a 1989", "title": "All About Ah-Long" }, { "id": "2202811", "score": "1.4382701", "text": "Luke's father. Keye Luke Keye Luke (, Cantonese: Luk Shek Kee; June 18, 1904 – January 12, 1991) was a Chinese-American film and television actor, technical advisor and artist, he was a founding member of the Screen Actors Guild He was known for playing Lee Chan, the \"Number One Son\" in the Charlie Chan films, the original Kato in the 1939–1941 Green Hornet film serials, Brak in the 1960s \"Space Ghost\" cartoons, Master Po in the television series \"Kung Fu\", and Mr. Wing in the \"Gremlins\" films. He was the first Chinese-American contract player signed by RKO, Universal Pictures and", "title": "Keye Luke" }, { "id": "2465861", "score": "1.4338232", "text": "movies is the action-comedy \"Rob-B-Hood\", starring alongside Jackie Chan and Louis Koo. He plays a talented safe-cracker who kidnaps a baby for money from Triads, but is kind-hearted and dignified. In 2006, he became the host of the quiz show \"Deal or No Deal\". In 2016, he starred in the Taiwanese black comedy film, \"Godspeed\", for which he is nominated the Golden Horse Award for Best Leading Actor. Michael Hui Michael Hui Koon-man (born ; 3 September 1942) (also known as Mr Boo!) is a Hong Kong actor, comedian, scriptwriter and director. He is the eldest of the four Hui", "title": "Michael Hui" }, { "id": "8368693", "score": "1.4331694", "text": "and dancer for HUSTLE's third event. Son is best known for his role in the 1997 blockbuster movie \"\" as Random Task, a parody of the James Bond character Oddjob. Son has also appeared in several other movies, including \"Joshua Tree\", the first two \"\" films, and \"\". He also had a leading part as the main villain in the Lorenzo Lamas action film \"Viper\" in 1994. Son pleaded guilty to felony vandalism on May 16, 2008, whereupon he was sentenced to 60 days in prison and was placed on probation after his prison sentence ended. On August 18, 2008,", "title": "Joe Son" }, { "id": "14822891", "score": "1.4304209", "text": "as Johnny from \"Food for All His Dead\", Freddy (later renamed Dirigible) from \"Yes, Young Daddy\" and Dirigible from \"Goong Hai Fot Choy\". As in those stories (some of which are available in revised versions in \"The Chinaman Pacific & Frisco R.R. Co.\"), he looks outside of Chinatown—and outside Asian America—for models. But everywhere he looks, the models of fatherhood are absent or ambiguous: he rarely mentions his own children; his best friend Kenji seems to be refusing to acknowledge having a child of his own; Ovaltine has fabricated stories about his father (who was in fact only his manager).", "title": "The Chickencoop Chinaman" }, { "id": "1825896", "score": "1.4275057", "text": "treated by prison guards. On 1 April 2017, he was hospitalised at Queen Mary Hospital for cancer treatment. He died on 19 April 2017 of lung cancer. Several documentaries detail Yip's exploits and several fictional movies are adapted from his criminal history. Yip Kai Foon Yip Kai Foon (; 12 June 1961 – 19 April 2017, born in Haifeng, China), also known as \"Teeth Dog\" and \"Goosehead\", was an infamous Chinese illegal immigrant turned gangster who was most active in Hong Kong from the early 1980s to 1990s. He and his gang specialised in robbing jewellery stores with assault rifles.", "title": "Yip Kai Foon" }, { "id": "15768227", "score": "1.4266567", "text": "if he had known people would be so offended, \"I wouldn't have done it. Those that didn't like it, I forgive them and God bless America, God bless the universe, God bless Japanese, Chinese, Indians, all of them and let's have peace.\" The 2009 DVD re-release of the film included what was described as \"a brief and necessary featurette on the character of Mr. Yunioshi, offering an Asian perspective on 'yellow face'\". A 2013 Broadway show based on the film cast Japanese-American actor James Yaegashi as a culturally assimilated Japanese-American Yunioshi born in California, as the character was written in", "title": "I. Y. Yunioshi" } ]

[ "Columbia (town)", "Columbia automobile", "Columbia (municipality)", "columbia disambiguation", "columbia song", "Columbia", "columbia yacht", "columbia town", "Columbia (yacht)", "columbia municipality", "columbia automobile", "Columbia (song)", "Columbia (disambiguation)", "columbia" ]

[ { "id": "3260484", "score": "1.4916487", "text": "in Midwest, 23rd in Top Public Universities and 381st in Business Programs in United States of America. UWRF received an A- grade on the 2011 College Sustainability Report Card. The university has created the St. Croix Institute for Sustainable Community Development, whose mission is \"to support and facilitate the University of Wisconsin-River Falls in becoming one of the premier venues for deliberation and demonstration of sustainable community development principles.\" UW-River Falls' athletic teams, known by their nickname, the Falcons, compete in 18 varsity sports in of the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference in NCAA Division III. Men's sports include basketball, cross", "title": "University of Wisconsin–River Falls" }, { "id": "18135597", "score": "1.4079931", "text": "Confluence Outdoor Confluence Outdoor (formerly known as Confluence Watersports) is an American manufacturer of kayaks, canoes, and related accessories. The company comprises eight separate brands which each specialize in paddling sport boats or accessories. American Capital financially sponsored the merger of Wilderness Systems and Mad River Canoe in 1998 to form Confluence Holdings Corporation, known as Confluence Watersports, which it then purchased in 2002. In 2005, Confluence purchased Watermark, acquiring the Dagger, Harmony Gear, Adventure Technology, and Perception brands. The company then acquired Bomber Gear in 2010. Sue Rechner joined the company as CEO in 2007, coming from Victorinox Swiss", "title": "Confluence Outdoor" }, { "id": "13468367", "score": "1.4024714", "text": "those with F1, motor racing, yacht design, engineering and automotive design backgrounds. They work between the design studio in Barcelona and the R&D centre in Llandrindod Wells. The Riversimple mission statement is: “To pursue, systematically, the elimination of the environmental impact of personal transport.\" Their business model is called a \"Whole System Design\", which has an alternative governance structure and puts stakeholders, sustainability and profitability at the core of the business. Riversimple aim to create strategically placed, smaller-scale manufacturing plants (producing 5,000 cars each per year) as opposed to traditional, large-scale factories, citing profitability, sustainability and higher quality products at", "title": "Riversimple" }, { "id": "12563636", "score": "1.3851533", "text": "feature sports-oriented, collegiate branding, for example apparel relating to polo, rugby, and also rowing, such as the J.W.R.C (Jack Wills Rowing Club). Jack Wills' \"University Outfitters\" title reflects its target market: university students. However, the label is popular in both Secondary schools and colleges. The brand does not use a conventional advertising model, instead relying on word of mouth viral marketing. This is often stimulated by the events they hold such as the Jack Wills Varsity Polo, JW Unsigned and JW Seasonnaires. In April 2011, the ASA upheld complaints about the Jack Wills 2011 Spring Term handbook. The handbook contained", "title": "Jack Wills" }, { "id": "13659248", "score": "1.3845737", "text": "of sportswear has changed dramatically over time. Swimwear used in competitions been developed including foams, synthetic and stretchable tapes, and lightweight materials with performance characteristics specially designed for various athletics pursuits have been developed. Computer-aided design is used in the production of clothing. Corporate and business training to address accounting, trade, and finance issues has also become a significant part of the trade. Courses and programs at Universities specialize in these fields. the Beijing Institute of Clothing Technology and Fachhochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin are examples institutions focused on the business. National governments have also become involved in the", "title": "Clothing technology" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Columbia Sportswear\n\nThe Columbia Sportswear Company is an American company that manufactures and distributes outerwear, sportswear, and footwear, as well as headgear, camping equipment, ski apparel, and outerwear accessories.\n\nIt was founded in 1938 by Paul Lamfrom, the father of Gert Boyle. The company is headquartered in Cedar Mill, an unincorporated area in Washington County, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area near Beaverton.\n\nColumbia's rapid sales growth was fueled by its jackets, which featured breathable waterproof fabric and interchangeable shells and liners.<ref name=\"nyt-11-18\" />", "title": "Columbia Sportswear" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Tim Boyle (businessman)\n\nTimothy P. Boyle (born 1949) is an American billionaire, and the president and CEO of Columbia Sportswear.\n\nAccording to \"Forbes\", his estimated net worth was US$2.0 billion in November 2022.", "title": "Tim Boyle (businessman)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Steve & Barry's" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Gert Boyle\n\nGertrude Boyle (\"née\" Lamfrom; March 6, 1924 – November 3, 2019) was a German-born American businesswoman in the U.S. state of Oregon. After her family fled Nazi Germany, her father founded the business that became Columbia Sportswear, where in 1970, she became company president. She remained president until 1988 and additionally, was chairwoman of the company's board of directors from 1983 until her death in 2019. Starting in the 1980s, she appeared in a series of advertisements for Columbia Sportswear with her son, Timothy Boyle, often humorously testing the quality and durability of their products. She was also a philanthropist and memoirist.", "title": "Gert Boyle" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Under Armour\n\nUnder Armour, Inc. is an American sports equipment company that manufactures footwear, sports and casual apparel. Under Armour's global headquarters are located in Baltimore, Maryland, with additional offices located in Amsterdam (European headquarters), Austin, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Houston, Jakarta, London, Mexico City, Munich, New York City, Panama City (international headquarters), Paris, Pittsburgh, Portland, San Francisco, São Paulo, Santiago, Seoul, Shanghai (Greater Chinese headquarters), and Toronto.", "title": "Under Armour" }, { "id": "3161792", "score": "1.380292", "text": "of life and work in the district over the years. Some groups aim to bridge the generation gap in the field of information technology, opening up an exciting new world to many who might have been oblivious of it otherwise. Internet marketing is especially important for members in more remote locations. There are also many less educationally focused activities, including Games, including bridge tuition and duplicate bridge playing groups; Health, Fitness & Leisure, including countryside walks, Theatre/Concert Clubs, Travel Clubs, and Dance in all its forms. Many U3As publish local newsletters as do some of their special interest networks. In", "title": "University of the Third Age" }, { "id": "15121398", "score": "1.3787904", "text": "than $7 million each year to both UCLA and Louisville. These are examples of sports marketing because as it is defined, sports marketing is a marketing strategy in which companies related to sports products or services promote their trademark through design, production or other resources. In this case apparel companies Nike, Under Armour, and Adidas, which are all completely related to sports, design the uniforms of these teams and in this way, promote their trademarks every time there is an event. Apparel companies also sponsor professional athletes such as Kevin Durant who receives $30 million per year from Nike. Stephen", "title": "Sports marketing" }, { "id": "14353953", "score": "1.365272", "text": "Knowledge River Knowledge River is a program within the School of Information (SI) at the University of Arizona in Tucson that focuses on educating information professionals who have experience with and sensitivity to Latino and Native American populations. Knowledge River also fosters understanding of library and information issues from the perspectives of Hispanic and Native Americans and advocates for culturally sensitive library and information services to these communities. \"Knowledge River brings Hispanics and American Indians into [the SI] graduate program and succeeds by building coalitions between the library, library school, academic departments on campus and the surrounding community and serves", "title": "Knowledge River" }, { "id": "7455794", "score": "1.3635361", "text": "on a single sport. There are some exceptions, especially when multiple such teams are under one ownership structure, in which case the club may be referred to as a \"sports and entertainment\" company; see, for example, the One Buffalo sports club, which fields an NFL team (the Buffalo Bills), two hockey teams (Buffalo Sabres and Rochester Americans), professional lacrosse (Buffalo Bandits), and general athletics and fitness (Impact Sports and Performance). On the other hand, American varsity teams are generally organized into a structure forming a true multi-sport club belonging to an educational institution, but varsity collegiate athletics are almost never", "title": "Sports club" }, { "id": "16493746", "score": "1.357862", "text": "of Missouri, and Temple University. the University of Minnesota, Its challenge is to successfully market their apparel that, with the increased wages, is now at the price point of Nike and Adidas clothing. An industry analyst, Andrew Jassin, stated in the \"New York Times\" article, \"Factory Defies Sweatshop Label, but Can It Thrive?\" that “There are consumers who really care and will buy this apparel at a premium price, and then there are those who say they care, but then just want value.\" He noted that to be successful, the organization would need to skillfully market to buyers interested in", "title": "Alta Gracia Apparel" }, { "id": "11267917", "score": "1.351531", "text": "the team's 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season had ended in a meeting with him, but confessed in a Federal Bureau of Investigation meeting. Because the investigation occurred late in the Spring academic term at Michigan, River's athletic scholarship in the form tuition and room and board had already been fully paid by the University. However, when Rivers returned to Michigan in 1988 to complete his degree, the university did not provide a scholarship for which he would have otherwise been eligible. Rivers was drafted by the Detroit Lions of the National Football League with the eighth pick of the", "title": "Garland Rivers" }, { "id": "14353955", "score": "1.3466969", "text": "front line of information service in colleges and universities, corporate settings, and, of course, in schools and public libraries. As a Knowledge River graduate, you can help members of your community use information and technology to improve their lives. Or you can bring valuable cultural perspectives and diversity to settings outside Native American and Hispanic communities. Notable alumni include Allison Boucher Krebs, who was the Chair of the Society of American Archivists Native American Archives Roundtable and on the Advisory Board of the Association of Tribal Archives, Libraries, and Museums. In 2001, the University of Arizona School of Information Resources", "title": "Knowledge River" }, { "id": "10650587", "score": "1.3400079", "text": "Converse, Cortefiel, H&M, Lacoste, Nike, Phillips-Van Heusen Corporation (PVH Corp) and Puma, were accused of working with suppliers in China who, according to the findings of the report, contribute to the pollution of the Yangtze and Pearl Rivers. Samples taken from one facility belonging to the Youngor Group located on the Yangtze River Delta and another belonging to the Well Dyeing Factory Ltd. located on a tributary of the Pearl River Delta revealed the presence of hazardous and persistent hormone disruptor chemicals, including alkylphenols, perfluorinated compounds and perfluorooctane sulfonate. Li-Ning Li-Ning Company Limited is a Chinese company which makes athletic", "title": "Li-Ning" }, { "id": "10965289", "score": "1.3383043", "text": "chapters of national organizations, such as the Beta Club, Junior Beta Club, Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA), Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD), and 4-H Club. In addition, the school hosts a Student Council, and Spanish Club. Service organizations such as Key Club coexist alongside clubs which have a primarily social or recreational purpose. The usual range of athletic organizations are there for students to join, in addition to the school's other clubs. Other extracurricular activities include cheerleading and formerly a dance team known as the Gatorettes. Journalism students produce and edit a school newspaper, the \"Gator Gazette\", and the school", "title": "False River Academy" }, { "id": "18135599", "score": "1.3355479", "text": "fishing accessories, life jackets, paddles, and sprayskirts. Manufacturer of recreational, sporting, touring, and whitewater canoes - including the Adventure, Caption, Destiny, Expedition, Explorer, Freedom, Heritage, Journey, Legend, Malecite, Outrage, Reflection, Synergy, Serenade, models. Mad River Canoe was founded in 1971 by Jim Henry and Kay Henry in Vermont. The company's Malecite model was created in the Henry's woodshed, becoming their first model and remaining the company's signature model today. Manufacturer of fishing, recreational, and touring kayaks - including the Carolina, Essence, Expression, Impulse, Prodigy, Tribe, Tribute, and Triumph models. Perception Kayaks was founded by Bill Masters in the early 1970s.", "title": "Confluence Outdoor" }, { "id": "3260485", "score": "1.3352277", "text": "country, football, swimming and diving, and track and field. Women's sports are basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. Men's and women's ice hockey teams compete in the Northern Collegiate Hockey Association. The university also offers club sports for students, including men's volleyball, badminton, paintball, Jiu Jitsu, and rock climbing. From 1991 to 2009, the Kansas City Chiefs used the university's athletic facilities during their annual summer training camp. The Chiefs moved their training camp to Missouri Western State University in St. Joseph, Missouri in 2010. In 2007, the HBO sports documentary,", "title": "University of Wisconsin–River Falls" }, { "id": "9799194", "score": "1.3318038", "text": "as grad, photo shoots and sporting events. River East Collegiate offers a wide variety of technology courses, varying from game development to Computer Science, Photography, and Desktop Publishing. These courses are teaching River East students how to use new technology in this world to help them with schooling and everyday life. Many students enjoy these courses since they are able to use the computers while learning new things. All of River East Collegiate Technology courses are listed below. Multimedia Basic Design 20S\" Students create animations and games using Flash and Photoshop or Fireworks. Design principles, design elements, storyboards, storytelling, and", "title": "River East Collegiate" }, { "id": "18135601", "score": "1.3288047", "text": "in North Carolina. The company operates in a single 300,000-square-foot facility in Greenville, South Carolina, which opened in 2011 and as of 2014 employs over 425 people. Confluence Outdoor Confluence Outdoor (formerly known as Confluence Watersports) is an American manufacturer of kayaks, canoes, and related accessories. The company comprises eight separate brands which each specialize in paddling sport boats or accessories. American Capital financially sponsored the merger of Wilderness Systems and Mad River Canoe in 1998 to form Confluence Holdings Corporation, known as Confluence Watersports, which it then purchased in 2002. In 2005, Confluence purchased Watermark, acquiring the Dagger, Harmony", "title": "Confluence Outdoor" }, { "id": "13536854", "score": "1.3286613", "text": "van Beethoven and Johann Sebastian Bach. In 1994, Rivers won many awards, including but not limited to the Grand Prize at the Garfield Elementary School Talent Show. During his high school career, Rivers was fascinated with the world of business. In 2004, prior to founding Black Ventures, Rivers was considered a leader in many retail stores including Macy's, Belk, and Younkers. In 2007, Rivers attended DeVry University, where he studied business administration and social media. Many celebrity musicians and actors have worked with Rivers. These have been partnerships, sponsorships, and general advertising opportunities for both parties. Some of the most", "title": "Kevin Rivers (songwriter)" }, { "id": "11347785", "score": "1.32839", "text": "is dedicated to student services including development education, library and digital resource center, as well as a “front door” presence for college recruitment, admissions, and marketing services. The organization of the space along a powerful central axis will establish a sense of community within the structure, accommodate a continuous series of student and faculty interaction space, and create a clear connection from the main campus entrance to the subsequent phases of formal green spaces. The upper floors of the facility will provide for a variety of general academic, science and health laboratory, and faculty spaces. The vertical circulation core, combined", "title": "New River Community and Technical College" } ]

[ "Celto-Roman Iron Age", "Early Iron Age", "iron age ii", "middle iron age", "First Iron Age", "african iron age", "Iron age Europe", "iron age i", "iron age europe", "Iron Age III", "Iron-Age", "The Iron Age", "late iron age", "iron age", "Iron Age Japan", "Late Iron Age", "first iron age", "iron age iii", "European Iron Age", "early iron age", "european iron age", "Iron Age I", "Iron Age", "Middle Iron Age", "celto roman iron age", "Iron age", "Iron Age II", "iron age japan", "African Iron Age" ]

[ { "id": "422571", "score": "1.6940948", "text": "system in person to visitors at the museum, many of them professional archaeologists. In his poem, \"Works and Days\", the ancient Greek poet Hesiod possibly between 750 and 650 BC, defined five successive Ages of Man: 1. Golden, 2. Silver, 3. Bronze, 4. Heroic and 5. Iron. Only the Bronze Age and the Iron Age are based on the use of metal: ... then Zeus the father created the third generation of mortals, the age of bronze ... They were terrible and strong, and the ghastly action of Ares was theirs, and violence. ... The weapons of these men were", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422641", "score": "1.6355523", "text": "current forms) in favor of \"an earlier and later stage\" and \"middle\". He uses Bronze Age, Bronze Period, Bronze-using Period and Bronze Civilization interchangeably. Apparently Evans was sensitive of what had gone before, retaining the terminology of the bipartite system while proposing a tripartite one. After stating a catalogue of types of bronze implements he defines his system:The Bronze Age of Britain may, therefore, be regarded as an aggregate of three stages: the first, that characterized by the flat or slightly flanged celts, and the knife-daggers ... the second, that characterized by the more heavy dagger-blades and the flanged celts", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422656", "score": "1.6169717", "text": "Graham Connah, describes the three-age system as \"epochalism\" and asserts:So many archaeological writers have used this model for so long that for many readers it has taken on a reality of its own. In spite of the theoretical agonizing of the last half-century, epochalism is still alive and well ... Even in parts of the world where the model is still in common use, it needs to be accepted that, for example, there never was actually such a thing as 'the Bronze Age.' Some view the three-age system as over-simple; that is, it neglects vital detail and forces complex circumstances", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422661", "score": "1.6116943", "text": "developments must be described within the context of the society being studied. Three-age system The three-age system is the categorization of history into time periods divisible by three; for example, the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age, although it also refers to other tripartite divisions of historic time periods. In history, archaeology and physical anthropology, the three-age system is a methodological concept adopted during the 19th century by which artifacts and events of late prehistory and early history could be ordered into a recognizable chronology. It was initially developed by C. J. Thomsen, director of the Royal Museum of", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422654", "score": "1.6114717", "text": "ancient peoples from any period. An eolith is a stone that might have been formed by natural process but occurs in contexts that suggest modification by early humans or other primates for percussion. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Formation of states starts during the Early Bronze Age in Egypt and Mesopotamia and during the Late Bronze Age first empires are founded. The Three-age System has been criticized since at least the 19th century. Every phase of its development has been contested. Some of the arguments that have been presented against it follow. In some cases criticism resulted in other, parallel three-age systems, such as", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Three-age system\n\nThe three-age system is the periodization of human pre-history (with some overlap into the historical periods in a few regions) into three time-periods: the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age; although the concept may also refer to other tripartite divisions of historic time-periods. In history, archaeology and physical anthropology, the three-age system is a methodological concept adopted during the 19th century according to which artefacts and events of late prehistory and early history could be broadly ordered into a recognizable chronology. C. J. Thomsen initially developed this categorization in the period 1816 to 1825, as a result of classifying the collection of an archaeological exhibition chronologically – there resulted broad sequences with artefacts made successively of stone, bronze, and iron.\n\nThe system appealed to British researchers working in the science of ethnology – they adopted it to establish race sequences for Britain's past based on cranial types. Although the craniological ethnology that formed its first scholarly context holds no modern scientific value, the \"relative chronology\" of the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age remains in use in a general public context, and the three-ages concept underpins prehistoric chronology for Europe, the Mediterranean world and the Near East.\n\nThe structure reflects the cultural and historical background of Mediterranean Europe and the Middle East. It soon underwent further subdivisions, including the 1865 partitioning of the Stone Age into Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods by John Lubbock. The schema, however, has little or no utility for establishing chronological frameworks in sub-Saharan Africa, much of Asia, the Americas and some other areas; and has little importance in contemporary archaeological or anthropological discussion for these regions.", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bronze Age\n\nThe Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age system proposed in 1836 by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen for classifying and studying ancient societies and history.\n\nAn ancient civilization is deemed to be part of the Bronze Age because it either produced bronze by smelting its own copper and alloying it with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or traded other items for bronze from production areas elsewhere. Bronze is harder and more durable than the other metals available at the time, allowing Bronze Age civilizations to gain a technological advantage.\n\nWhile terrestrial iron is naturally abundant, the higher temperature required for smelting, , in addition to the greater difficulty of working with the metal, placed it out of reach of common use until the end of the second millennium BC. Tin's low melting point of and copper's relatively moderate melting point of placed them within the capabilities of the Neolithic pottery kilns, which date back to 6,000 BC and were able to produce temperatures greater than . Copper and tin ores are rare, since there were no tin bronzes in Western Asia before trading in bronze began in the 3rd millennium BC. Worldwide, the Bronze Age generally followed the Neolithic period, with the Chalcolithic serving as a transition.\n\nBronze Age cultures differed in their development of writing. According to archaeological evidence, cultures in Mesopotamia (cuneiform script) and Egypt (hieroglyphs) developed the earliest practical writing systems.", "title": "Bronze Age" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Stone Age\n\nThe Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC, with the advent of metalworking. Though some simple metalworking of malleable metals, particularly the use of gold and copper for purposes of ornamentation, was known in the Stone Age, it is the melting and smelting of copper that marks the end of the Stone Age. In Western Asia, this occurred by about 3,000 BC, when bronze became widespread. The term Bronze Age is used to describe the period that followed the Stone Age, as well as to describe cultures that had developed techniques and technologies for working copper alloys (bronze: originally copper and arsenic, later copper and tin) into tools, supplanting stone in many uses.\n\nStone Age artifacts that have been discovered include tools used by modern humans, by their predecessor species in the genus \"Homo\", and possibly by the earlier partly contemporaneous genera \"Australopithecus\" and \"Paranthropus\". Bone tools have been discovered that were used during this period as well but these are rarely preserved in the archaeological record. The Stone Age is further subdivided by the types of stone tools in use.\n\nThe Stone Age is the first period in the three-age system frequently used in archaeology to divide the timeline of human technological prehistory into functional periods, with the next two being the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, respectively. The Stone Age is also commonly divided into three distinct periods: the earliest and most primitive being the Paleolithic era; a transitional period with finer tools known as the Mesolithic era; and the final stage known as the Neolithic era. Neolithic peoples were the first to transition away from hunter-gatherer societies into the settled lifestyle of inhabiting towns and villages as agriculture became widespread. In the chronology of prehistory, the Neolithic era usually overlaps with the Chalcolithic (\"Copper\") era preceding the Bronze Age.", "title": "Stone Age" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of archaeological periods\n\nThe names for archaeological periods in the list of archaeological periods vary enormously from region to region. This is a list of the main divisions by continent and region. Dating also varies considerably and those given are broad approximations across wide areas.\n\nThe three-age system has been used in many areas, referring to the prehistorical and historical periods identified by tool manufacture and use, of Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age. Since these ages are distinguished by the development of technology, it is natural that the dates to which these refer vary in different parts of the world. In many regions, the term Stone Age is no longer used, as it has been replaced by more specific geological periods. For some regions, there is need for an intermediate Chalcolithic period between the Stone Age and Bronze Age. For cultures where indigenous metal tools were in less widespread use, other classifications, such as the lithic stage, archaic stage and formative stage refer to the development of other types of technology and social organization.\n\nHistorical periods denotes periods of human development with the advantage of the development of writing. Written records tend to provide more socio-political insight into the dominant nations, and hence allow categorization according to the ruling empires and cultures, such as Hellenistic, Roman, Viking. Inevitably these definitions of periods only relate to the region of that empire or culture.\n\nThe Industrial Age or Modern era is generally taken to refer to post-1800. From this time, the industrial revolution which began in Western Europe resulted in global trade and greatly increased cultural exchange.\n\n", "title": "List of archaeological periods" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Prehistory\n\nPrehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently.\n\nIn the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. The three-age division of prehistory into Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age remains in use for much of Eurasia and North Africa, but is not generally used in those parts of the world where the working of hard metals arrived abruptly from contact with Eurasian cultures, such as Oceania, Australasia, much of Sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of the Americas. With some exceptions in pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas, these areas did not develop complex writing systems before the arrival of Eurasians, so their prehistory reaches into relatively recent periods; for example, 1788 is usually taken as the end of the prehistory of Australia.\n\nThe period when a culture is written about by others, but has not developed its own writing system is often known as the protohistory of the culture. By definition, there are no written records from human prehistory, which we can only know from material archaeological and anthropological evidence: prehistoric materials and human remains. These were at first understood by the collection of folklore and by analogy with pre-literate societies observed in modern times. The key step to understanding prehistoric evidence is dating, and reliable dating techniques have developed steadily since the nineteenth century. Further evidence has come from the reconstruction of ancient spoken languages. More recent techniques include forensic chemical analysis to reveal the use and provenance of materials, and genetic analysis of bones to determine kinship and physical characteristics of prehistoric peoples.", "title": "Prehistory" }, { "id": "422567", "score": "1.6076317", "text": "Three-age system The three-age system is the categorization of history into time periods divisible by three; for example, the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age, although it also refers to other tripartite divisions of historic time periods. In history, archaeology and physical anthropology, the three-age system is a methodological concept adopted during the 19th century by which artifacts and events of late prehistory and early history could be ordered into a recognizable chronology. It was initially developed by C. J. Thomsen, director of the Royal Museum of Nordic Antiquities, Copenhagen, as a means to classify the museum’s collections according", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422568", "score": "1.6003267", "text": "to whether the artifacts were made of stone, bronze, or iron. The system first appealed to British researchers working in the science of ethnology who adopted it to establish race sequences for Britain's past based on cranial types. Although the craniological ethnology that formed its first scholarly context holds no scientific value, the \"relative chronology\" of the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age is still in use in a general public context, and the three ages remain the underpinning of prehistoric chronology for Europe, the Mediterranean world and the Near East. The structure reflects the cultural and", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422640", "score": "1.5915071", "text": "part of the Iron Age. Hans Hildebrand in refutation pointed to two Bronze Ages and a transitional period in Scandinavia. John Evans denied any defect of continuity between the two and asserted there were three Bronze Ages, \"the early, middle and late bronze age.\" His view for the Stone Age, following Lubbock, was quite different, denying, in \"The Ancient Stone Implements\", any concept of a Middle Stone Age. In his 1881 parallel work, \"The Ancient Bronze Implements\", he affirmed and further defined the three periods, strangely enough recusing himself from his previous terminology, Early, Middle and Late Bronze Age (the", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422658", "score": "1.5869272", "text": "detail. One consequence was the collection of absolute dates. Connah argues:As radiocarbon and other forms of absolute dating contributed more detailed and more reliable chronologies, the epochal model ceased to be necessary. Peter Bogucki of Princeton University summarizes the perspective taken by many modern archaeologists: Although modern archaeologists realize that this tripartite division of prehistoric society is far too simple to reflect the complexity of change and continuity, terms like ‘Bronze Age’ are still used as a very general way of focusing attention on particular times and places and thus facilitating archaeological discussion. Another common criticism attacks the broader application", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422642", "score": "1.5840957", "text": "and tanged spear-heads or daggers, ... and the third, by palstaves and socketed celts and the many forms of tools and weapons, ... It is in this third stage that the bronze sword and the true socketed spear-head first make their advent. In chapter 1 of his work, Evans proposes for the first time a transitional Copper Age between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. He adduces evidence from far-flung places such as China and the Americas to show that the smelting of copper universally preceded alloying with tin to make bronze. He does not know how to classify this", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "1503931", "score": "1.5730067", "text": "Dorian invasion. Some scholars identify just four ages, corresponding to the four metals, with the Heroic age as a description of the Bronze Age. A four-age count would match the Vedic or Hindu ages known as the Kali, Dwapara, Treta and Satya yugas. According to Jainism, this world has no beginning or end but goes through cycles of upturns (utsarpini) and downturns (avasarpini) constantly. Many Greeks believed that just as mankind went through four stages of character during each rise and fall of history so did government. They considered democracy and monarchy as the healthy régimes of the higher ages;", "title": "Philosophy of history" }, { "id": "422585", "score": "1.5642283", "text": "types and that these types varied over time in ways that correlated with the predominance of stone, bronze or iron implements and weapons. In this way he turned the Three-age System from being an evolutionary scheme based on intuition and general knowledge into a system of relative chronology supported by archaeological evidence. Initially, the three-age system as it was developed by Thomsen and his contemporaries in Scandinavia, such as Sven Nilsson and J.J.A. Worsaae, was grafted onto the traditional biblical chronology. But, during the 1830s they achieved independence from textual chronologies and relied mainly on typology and stratigraphy. In 1816", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422646", "score": "1.5534117", "text": "some clay figures of \"aeneolithic date\" (quotes his). The three-age system is a way of dividing prehistory, and the Iron Age is therefore considered to end in a particular culture with either the start of its protohistory, when it begins to be written about by outsiders, or when its own historiography begins. Although iron is still the major hard material in use in modern civilization, and steel is a vital and indispensable modern industry, as far as archaeologists are concerned the Iron Age has therefore now ended for all cultures in the world. The date when it is taken to", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422639", "score": "1.5533658", "text": "surrounding the Stone Age. British archaeologists patterned their own excavations after those of the Danish, which they followed avidly in the media. References to the Bronze Age in British excavation reports began in the 1820s contemporaneously with the new system being promulgated by C.J. Thomsen. Mention of the Early and Late Bronze Age began in the 1860s following the bipartite definitions of Worsaae. In 1874 at the Stockholm meeting of the International Congress of Anthropology and Prehistoric Archaeology, a suggestion was made by A. Bertrand that no distinct age of bronze had existed, that the bronze artifacts discovered were really", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "96600", "score": "1.5516592", "text": "Originally, the term Bronze Age meant that either copper or bronze was being used as the chief hard substance for the manufacture of tools and weapons. In 1881, John Evans recognized that use of copper often preceded the use of bronze, and distinguished between a \"transitional Copper Age\" and the \"Bronze Age proper\". He did not include the transitional period in the three-age system of Early, Middle and Late Bronze Age, but placed it outside the tripartite system, at its beginning. He did not, however, present it as a fourth age but chose to retain the traditional tripartite system. In", "title": "Chalcolithic" }, { "id": "422570", "score": "1.5435114", "text": "system of the three main ages—stone, bronze and iron—originates with the Danish archaeologist Christian Jürgensen Thomsen (1788–1865), who placed the system on a more scientific basis by typological and chronological studies, at first, of tools and other artifacts present in the Museum of Northern Antiquities in Copenhagen (later the National Museum of Denmark). He later used artifacts and the excavation reports published or sent to him by Danish archaeologists who were doing controlled excavations. His position as curator of the museum gave him enough visibility to become highly influential on Danish archaeology. A well-known and well-liked figure, he explained his", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "5737142", "score": "1.535346", "text": "not recognized in Toffler's scheme. Similarly, in the classical Three-age system, distinctions are recognized between the Stone Age era Bronze Age, Iron Age, the boundary between the latter two c. 1300-1200 BC being as dramatic as that demarcating Toffler's waves. None of these phases are clearly recognized in the Toffler scheme, in part due to the prevalence of the latter phase amongst present-day pre-industrial societies. The transition from Toffler's First Wave and Second Wave is sometimes also recognized as a transition from the Iron Age to the Steel Age. At present, there is no clear delineation of the latest transition,", "title": "The Third Wave (Toffler book)" }, { "id": "422638", "score": "1.5324051", "text": "two Pre-pottery Neolithic periods, she concluded, A and B. Moreover, the PPN had been discovered at most of the major Neolithic sites in the near East and Greece. By this time her personal stature in archaeology was at least equal to that of V. Gordon Childe. While the three-age system was being attributed to Childe in popular fame, Kenyon became gratuitously the discoverer of the PPN. More significantly the question of revolution or evolution of the Neolithic was increasingly being brought before the professional archaeologists. Danish archaeology took the lead in defining the Bronze Age, with little of the controversy", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422647", "score": "1.5319395", "text": "end varies greatly between cultures, and in many parts of the world there was no Iron Age at all, for example in Pre-Columbian America and the prehistory of Australia. For these and other regions the three-age system is little used. By a convention among archaeologists, in the Ancient Near East the Iron Age is taken to end with the start of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC, as the history of that is told by the Greek historian Herodotus. This remains the case despite a good deal of earlier local written material having become known since the convention", "title": "Three-age system" }, { "id": "422645", "score": "1.530313", "text": "to that of bronze (periodo di transizione dall'età della pietra a quella del bronzo) Whether intentional or not, the definition was the same as Evans', except that Chierici was adding a term to New Latin. He describes the transition by stating the beginning (litica, or stone age) and the ending (eneo-, or Bronze Age); in English, \"the stone-to-bronze period.\" Shortly after, \"Eneolithic\" or \"Aeneolithic\" began turning up in scholarly English as a synonym for \"Copper Age.\" Sir John's own son, Arthur Evans, beginning to come into his own as an archaeologist and already studying Cretan civilization, refers in 1895 to", "title": "Three-age system" } ]

[ "Hoover dam", "Boulder Canyon Project Act", "boulder dam", "Hoover Damn", "Environmental impact of the Hoover Dam", "Hoover Dam", "hoover power plant", "Hooverdam", "Boulder Dam", "Hoover Dam naming controversy", "hoover dam", "hooverdam", "hoover dam naming controversy", "Boulder Canyon Project", "boulder canyon project act", "boulder canyon project", "environmental impact of hoover dam", "hoover damn", "Hoover Power Plant", "Hoover damn" ]

[ { "id": "187165", "score": "1.8417", "text": "referred to the dam as \"Boulder Dam\" or as \"Boulder Canyon Dam\", even though the proposed site had shifted to Black Canyon. The Boulder Canyon Project Act of 1928 (BCPA) never mentioned a proposed name or title for the dam. The BCPA merely allows the government to \"construct, operate, and maintain a dam and incidental works in the main stream of the Colorado River at Black Canyon or Boulder Canyon\". When Secretary Wilbur spoke at the ceremony starting the building of the railway between Las Vegas and the dam site on September 17, 1930, he named the dam \"Hoover Dam\",", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": "187098", "score": "1.8100209", "text": "Hoover Dam Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression and was dedicated on September 30, 1935, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over one hundred lives. Originally known as Boulder Dam from 1933, it was officially renamed Hoover Dam, for President Herbert Hoover, by a joint resolution of Congress in 1947. Since about 1900, the Black", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": "187108", "score": "1.7875624", "text": "project. On March 12, 1928, the failure of the St. Francis Dam, constructed by the city of Los Angeles, caused a disastrous flood that killed up to 600 people. As that dam was a curved-gravity type, similar in design to the arch-gravity as was proposed for the Black Canyon dam, opponents claimed that the Black Canyon dam's safety could not be guaranteed. Congress authorized a board of engineers to review plans for the proposed dam. The Colorado River Board found the project feasible, but warned that should the dam fail, every downstream Colorado River community would be destroyed, and that", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": "620535", "score": "1.7769066", "text": "of its scale had ever been attempted; on completion, it was the largest masonry dam in the world. The Hoover Dam is a massive concrete arch-gravity dam, constructed in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the US states of Arizona and Nevada between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression. In 1928, Congress authorized the project to build a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water and produce hydroelectric power. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium called Six Companies, Inc. Such a large concrete structure had never been", "title": "Dam" }, { "id": "187170", "score": "1.7694917", "text": "the change, stating, \"I didn't know Hoover was that small a man to take credit for something he had nothing to do with.\" Hoover Dam was recognized as a National Civil Engineering Landmark in 1984. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985, cited for its engineering innovations. Other sources Hoover Dam Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Hoover Dam\n\nHoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression and was dedicated on September 30, 1935, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Its construction was the result of a massive effort involving thousands of workers, and cost over one hundred lives. It was referred to as Hoover Dam after President Herbert Hoover in bills passed by Congress during its construction; it was named Boulder Dam by the Roosevelt administration. The Hoover Dam name was restored by Congress in 1947.\n\nSince about 1900, the Black Canyon and nearby Boulder Canyon had been investigated for their potential to support a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water and produce hydroelectric power. In 1928, Congress authorized the project. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium named Six Companies, Inc., which began construction of the dam in early 1931. Such a large concrete structure had never been built before, and some of the techniques were unproven. The torrid summer weather and lack of facilities near the site also presented difficulties. Nevertheless, Six Companies turned the dam over to the federal government on March 1, 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule.\n\nHoover Dam impounds Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States by volume when full. The dam is located near Boulder City, Nevada, a municipality originally constructed for workers on the construction project, about southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada. The dam's generators provide power for public and private utilities in Nevada, Arizona, and California. Hoover Dam is a major tourist attraction, with 7 million tourists a year. The heavily traveled U.S. Route 93 (US 93) ran along the dam's crest until October 2010, when the Hoover Dam Bypass opened.", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Glen Canyon Dam" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Dam\n\nA dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of surface water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability. Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be used to collect or store water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as dikes) are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. The earliest known dam is the Jawa Dam in Jordan, dating to 3,000 BC.\n\nThe word \"dam\" can be traced back to Middle English, and before that, from Middle Dutch, as seen in the names of many old cities, such as Amsterdam and Rotterdam.", "title": "Dam" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Colorado River" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge\n\nThe Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge is an arch bridge in the United States that spans the Colorado River between the states of Arizona and Nevada. The bridge is located within the Lake Mead National Recreation Area approximately southeast of Las Vegas, and carries Interstate 11 and U.S. Route 93 over the Colorado River. Opened in 2010, it was the key component of the Hoover Dam Bypass project, which rerouted US 93 from its previous routing along the top of Hoover Dam and removed several hairpin turns and blind curves from the route. It is jointly named for Mike O'Callaghan, Governor of Nevada from 1971 to 1979, and Pat Tillman, an American football player who left his career with the Arizona Cardinals to enlist in the United States Army and was killed in Afghanistan in 2004 by friendly fire.\n\nAs early as the 1960s, officials identified the US 93 route over Hoover Dam to be dangerous and inadequate for projected traffic volumes. From 1998 to 2001, officials from Arizona, Nevada, and several federal government agencies collaborated to determine the best routing for an alternative river crossing. In March 2001, the Federal Highway Administration selected the route, which crosses the Colorado River approximately downstream of Hoover Dam. Construction of the bridge approaches began in 2003, and construction of the bridge itself began in February 2005. The bridge was completed in 2010 and the entire bypass route opened to vehicle traffic on October 19, 2010. The Hoover Dam Bypass project was completed within budget at a cost of $240 million; the bridge portion cost $114 million.<ref name=\"r-3\"/>\n\nThe bridge was the first concrete-steel composite deck arch bridge built in the United States, and incorporates the widest concrete arch in the Western Hemisphere. At above the Colorado River, it is the second highest bridge in the United States after the Royal Gorge Bridge near Cañon City, Colorado, and is the world's highest concrete arch bridge.", "title": "Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge" }, { "id": "5119793", "score": "1.7580802", "text": "Black Canyon of the Colorado The Black Canyon of the Colorado is the canyon on the Colorado River where Hoover Dam was built. The canyon is located on the Colorado River at the state line between Nevada and Arizona. The western wall of the gorge is in the El Dorado Mountains, and the eastern wall is in the Black Mountains of Arizona. The canyon formed about 15 million years ago during the Miocene Basin and Range uplift. Black Canyon gets its name from the black volcanic rocks that are found throughout the area. Just south of the Hoover Dam on", "title": "Black Canyon of the Colorado" }, { "id": "187105", "score": "1.7429705", "text": "river's basin covered several states, and the river eventually entered Mexico. Though the Fall-Davis report called for a dam \"at or near Boulder Canyon\", the Reclamation Service (which was renamed the Bureau of Reclamation the following year) found that canyon unsuitable. One potential site at Boulder Canyon was bisected by a geologic fault; two others were so narrow there was no space for a construction camp at the bottom of the canyon or for a spillway. The Service investigated Black Canyon and found it ideal; a railway could be laid from the railhead in Las Vegas to the top of", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": "2218635", "score": "1.7021213", "text": "A dam in Glen Canyon was studied as early as 1924, but these plans were initially dropped in favor of the Hoover Dam (completed in 1936) which was located in the Black Canyon. By the 1950s, due to rapid population growth in the seven U.S. and two Mexican states comprising the Colorado River Basin, the Bureau of Reclamation deemed the construction of additional reservoirs necessary. However, the USBR faced opposition when it proposed the Echo Park Dam in Utah's Dinosaur National Monument, which the nascent environmental movement saw as a legal threat to the status of protected lands. After a", "title": "Glen Canyon Dam" }, { "id": "5119795", "score": "1.6901424", "text": "springs that can be found by taking a trail north from a larger bay about south of the Hoover Dam. Black Canyon of the Colorado The Black Canyon of the Colorado is the canyon on the Colorado River where Hoover Dam was built. The canyon is located on the Colorado River at the state line between Nevada and Arizona. The western wall of the gorge is in the El Dorado Mountains, and the eastern wall is in the Black Mountains of Arizona. The canyon formed about 15 million years ago during the Miocene Basin and Range uplift. Black Canyon gets", "title": "Black Canyon of the Colorado" }, { "id": "187099", "score": "1.6732516", "text": "Canyon and nearby Boulder Canyon had been investigated for their potential to support a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water and produce hydroelectric power. In 1928, Congress authorized the project. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium called Six Companies, Inc., which began construction on the dam in early 1931. Such a large concrete structure had never been built before, and some of the techniques were unproven. The torrid summer weather and lack of facilities near the site also presented difficulties. Nevertheless, Six Companies turned the dam over to the federal government on", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": "16784912", "score": "1.6540217", "text": "Black Canyon Diversion Dam Black Canyon Diversion Dam (National ID # ID00282) is a dam in Gem County, Idaho. The concrete dam was originally completed in 1924, then re-constructed between 1951 and 1955, by the United States Bureau of Reclamation. Its structure has a height of 183 feet, and a length of 1902 feet at its crest. It impounds the Payette River for the diversion of water into the Black Canyon and North Side Main irrigation canals, and the generation of about 2 megawatts of hydroelectric power, part of the Bureau's larger Boise Project. The dam is owned and operated", "title": "Black Canyon Diversion Dam" }, { "id": "2218644", "score": "1.6519921", "text": "in 1936 with the completion of Hoover Dam in Black Canyon, storing in the mammoth reservoir of Lake Mead. However, it was not able to weather the worst floods or droughts, and was filling with sediment at a rate that would render it useless in a few hundred years. But most importantly, Hoover only controlled the lower portion of the river. The Upper Basin states, whose rivers remained undammed, had no way to ensure they could fulfill their delivery obligation to the Lower Basin state while retaining enough water for their own use. Without storage reservoirs of their own, the", "title": "Glen Canyon Dam" }, { "id": "187147", "score": "1.6412206", "text": "in his words, \"the visages of those Indian tribes who have inhabited mountains and plains from ages distant.\" Excavation for the powerhouse was carried out simultaneously with the excavation for the dam foundation and abutments. The excavation of this U-shaped structure located at the downstream toe of the dam was completed in late 1933 with the first concrete placed in November 1933. Filling of Lake Mead began February 1, 1935, even before the last of the concrete was poured that May. The powerhouse was one of the projects uncompleted at the time of the formal dedication on September 30, 1935;", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": "187114", "score": "1.6274312", "text": "to be the headquarters for the dam construction, closing its many speakeasies when the decision maker, Secretary of the Interior Ray Wilbur, came to town. Instead, Wilbur announced in early 1930 that a model city was to be built in the desert near the dam site. This town became known as Boulder City, Nevada. Construction of a rail line joining Las Vegas and the dam site began in September 1930. Soon after the dam was authorized, increasing numbers of unemployed people converged on southern Nevada. Las Vegas, then a small city of some 5,000, saw between 10,000 and 20,000 unemployed", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": "187115", "score": "1.6267703", "text": "descend on it. A government camp was established for surveyors and other personnel near the dam site; this soon became surrounded by a squatters' camp. Known as McKeeversville, the camp was home to men hoping for work on the project, together with their families. Another camp, on the flats along the Colorado River, was officially called Williamsville, but was known to its inhabitants as \"Ragtown\". When construction began, Six Companies hired large numbers of workers, with more than 3,000 on the payroll by 1932 and with employment peaking at 5,251 in July 1934. \"Mongolian\" (Chinese) labor was prevented by the", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": "1148194", "score": "1.6246927", "text": "it was officially renamed Hoover Dam by a joint resolution of Congress). Men hoping for work on the dam project had begun settling along the river in tents soon after the precise site for the dam had been chosen by the Bureau of Reclamation in 1930. Their ramshackle edifices were collectively known as \"Ragtown\". Boulder City was originally built in 1931 by the Bureau of Reclamation and Six Companies, Inc. as housing for workers who were building the Hoover Dam. The sheer scale of the dam and duration of the project required the Bureau of Reclamation to consider the construction", "title": "Boulder City, Nevada" }, { "id": "187100", "score": "1.6225272", "text": "March 1, 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule. Hoover Dam impounds Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the United States by volume (when it is full). The dam is located near Boulder City, Nevada, a municipality originally constructed for workers on the construction project, about southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada. The dam's generators provide power for public and private utilities in Nevada, Arizona, and California. Hoover Dam is a major tourist attraction; nearly a million people tour the dam each year. The heavily traveled U.S. Route 93 (US 93) ran along the dam's crest until October 2010, when", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": "187110", "score": "1.61323", "text": "1929, with Utah's ratification; Arizona did not approve it until 1944. Even before Congress approved the Boulder Canyon Project, the Bureau of Reclamation was considering what kind of dam should be used. Officials eventually decided on a massive concrete arch-gravity dam, the design of which was overseen by the Bureau's chief design engineer John L. Savage. The monolithic dam would be thick at the bottom and thin near the top, and would present a convex face towards the water above the dam. The curving arch of the dam would transmit the water's force into the abutments, in this case the", "title": "Hoover Dam" }, { "id": "1528468", "score": "1.6027739", "text": "years of the Colorado's flow. The construction of Hoover was a major step towards stabilizing the lower channel of the Colorado River, storing water for irrigation in times of drought, and providing much-needed flood control as part of a program known as the Boulder Canyon Project. Hoover was the tallest dam in the world at the time of construction and also had the world's largest hydroelectric power plant. Flow regulation from Hoover Dam opened the doors for rapid development on the lower Colorado River; Imperial and Parker dams followed in 1938, and Davis Dam was completed in 1950. Completed in", "title": "Colorado River" }, { "id": "14818620", "score": "1.6002691", "text": "invention. Ives' report contains three engravings and three panoramic line drawings describing the \"Big Caňon\" of the Colorado. One particular stunning depiction was titled \"Black Caňon\" by Egloffstein himself, and has generally been understood to depict the section of the Colorado River where Hoover Dam now stands. These drawings have been criticized for over a hundred years by those who have subsequently visited the Canyon, since his depictions in no way resemble the actual terrain. Students of Egloffstein's work have been baffled by the apparent errors, since Egloffstein was superbly competent - the 1861 report also contains a meticulous and", "title": "Frederick W. von Egloffstein" } ]

[ "global civilization", "cosmopolitan", "Cosmopolitian", "Cosmopolitan (disambiguation)", "cosmopolitan culture", "Global civilization", "cosmopolitian", "Cosmopolitan", "cosmopolitan disambiguation", "Cosmopolitan (culture)" ]

[ { "id": "16318475", "score": "1.6810653", "text": "alcohol. In January 2012, the company announced plans to be available at pools in Las Vegas by the summer. SnöBar has three types of ice-pops, Margarita, Cosmopolitan, and Mojito. Each replicate the flavor of the traditional cocktails of the same name. The Margarita ice-pop is made with tequila, lime and triple sec and the Cosmopolitan ice-pop is made with vodka, triple sec and cranberry. The ice cream is available in the following flavors: Grasshopper, Pink Squirrel, Brandy Alexander and Brandy Alexander with Chocolate Chips. The Grasshopper includes all of the traditional ingredients of brandy, creme de menthe and creme de", "title": "SnoBar Cocktails" }, { "id": "5169185", "score": "1.6793725", "text": "Cranberry juice Cranberry juice is the juice of the cranberry. The term \"cranberry juice cocktail\" refers to products that contain about 28% cranberry juice and the remainder either other fruit juices (typically grape, apple and/or pear) or water with sugar added. There are also low-calorie versions that use non-caloric sweeteners. A cup of standard 100% cranberry juice, amounting to 248 grams or 8 ounces, is a rich source of antioxidants and vitamin C. It also supplies modest amounts of calcium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus and potassium. Cranberry juice is classified as an acidic drink with a typical pH between 2.3 and", "title": "Cranberry juice" }, { "id": "8904123", "score": "1.6660788", "text": "Juice Margarita, Chocolate Cherry, Chocolate Chili, Chocolate Mint, Coconut Amaretto, Coffee, Crème de Cacao (dark and white), French Vanilla, Ginger, Hazelnut, Mad Melon, Melon, Orange Curaçao, Peachtree, Razzmatazz, San Tropique Tropical Rum, sloe gin, triple sec, and Wild Strawberry. Crème de Noyaux, Crème de banane, Crème de Cacao (white and dark), Crème de Café, Crème de Cassis, and Crème de menthe (green and white). Apple Barrel, BlueBerry, ButterShots, Crantasia, HotDamn! (100-proof Cinnamon and 30-proof Cinnamon), Key Largo Tropical, Mountain Strawberry, Old Tavern Root Beer, Peach, Peppermint, Pomegranate, Spearmint, Tropical Pineapple, and WilderBerry. Also the tart \"Puckers\" line, which includes Berry", "title": "DeKuyper" }, { "id": "1459932", "score": "1.6504588", "text": "\"Cadillac Margarita\"), Gran Gala, other brands of triple sec, or blue curaçao (yielding the \"blue margarita\"). When sweeter fruit juices or freshly puréed fruits are added to the margarita, the orange-flavored liqueur is often reduced or eliminated entirely. In addition to orange-flavored liqueurs, secondary liqueurs may occasionally be added to a cocktail, including melon-flavored or black raspberry-flavored. Other flavors include pineapple and watermelon. Freshly squeezed lime juice is the key ingredient. The most common lime in the United States is the thick-skinned Persian lime. However, margaritas in Mexico are generally made with Mexican limes (Key limes). These are small, thin-skinned", "title": "Margarita" }, { "id": "14728581", "score": "1.6434968", "text": "that the Rose Bennie is best enjoyed on a hot summer afternoon. While cranberry juice comprises the typical beverage, it has also been known to be made with many variations of cranberry juice cocktails, such as white-cran grape and cran-blueberry. Some purists are known to only use freshly crushed and sugared cranberries in their Rose Bennies. Rose Bennie Rose Bennie is a drink, usually containing 1 part vodka, 2 parts lemonade, and 2 splashes of cranberry juice. There have been notable alterations to the Rose Bennie, including a Bennie-Rita, which contains tequila, and the Kentucky Bennie, which contains whiskey. The", "title": "Rose Bennie" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of IBA official cocktails\n\nThe IBA official cocktails are the cocktails selected by the International Bartenders Association (IBA) for use in the annual World Cocktail Competition (WCC) in bartending.", "title": "List of IBA official cocktails" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cape Codder (cocktail)\n\nThe Cape Cod or Cape Codder (also known as vodka cranberry) is a type of cocktail consisting of vodka and cranberry juice. Some recipes also call for squeezing a lime wedge over the glass and dropping it into the drink. The name refers to Cape Cod, Massachusetts, a peninsula and popular tourist destination located in the eastern United States which is famous for growing cranberries.\nSection::::Ingredients.\nA Cape Cod is made with vodka and cranberry juice, and may be garnished with a lime wedge. Proportions vary, with sources giving a recommended vodka-to-juice ratio of 1/4, 1/3.7, 1/2 and 1/1.5, while other sources do not recommend precise proportions. Some sources recommend lime juice instead of a lime wedge garnish.", "title": "Cape Codder (cocktail)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cosmopolitan (cocktail)\n\nA cosmopolitan, or informally a cosmo, is a cocktail made with vodka, Cointreau, cranberry juice, and freshly squeezed or sweetened lime juice.", "title": "Cosmopolitan (cocktail)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Margarita\n\nA margarita is a cocktail consisting of Tequila, triple sec, and lime juice often served with salt on the rim of the glass. The drink is served shaken with ice (on the rocks), blended with ice (frozen margarita), or without ice (straight up). The drink is generally served in a stepped-diameter variant of a cocktail glass or champagne coupe called a margarita glass.", "title": "Margarita" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of cocktails\n\nA cocktail is a mixed drink typically made with a distilled liquor (such as arrack, brandy, cachaça, gin, rum, tequila, vodka, or whiskey) as its base ingredient that is then mixed with other ingredients or garnishments. Sweetened liqueurs, wine, or beer may also serve as the base or be added. If beer is one of the ingredients, the drink is called a beer cocktail.\n\nCocktails often also contain one or more types of juice, fruit, honey, milk or cream, spices, or other flavorings. Cocktails may vary in their ingredients from bartender to bartender, and from region to region. Two creations may have the same name but taste very different because of differences in how the drinks are prepared.\n\nThis article is organized by the primary type of alcohol (by volume) contained in the beverage. Cocktails marked with \"IBA\" are designated as IBA official cocktails by the International Bartenders Association, and are some of the most popular cocktails worldwide.", "title": "List of cocktails" }, { "id": "1922626", "score": "1.6155918", "text": "Smirnoff malt beverages (17.0%, 95% CI 12.9 to 21.1%). The latest addition is the Smirnoff Sours vodkas, introduced in 2014. Flavors available are Fruit Punch, Watermelon, Green Apple, and Berry Lemon. In 2016, Smirnoff introduced two new Smirnoff Ice flavors: Electric Mandarin and Electric Berry. Also in 2016 Smirnoff introduced the new Spiked line, available in Original, Screwdriver and Hurricane Punch, as well as their Sourced line of fruit juice vodka, available in Ruby Red Grapefruit, Pineapple and Cranberry Apple. Most Smirnoff products have an identifying number that is displayed on the label. Some of these numbers are: The basic", "title": "Smirnoff" }, { "id": "11115080", "score": "1.6100364", "text": "tainted with toxic herbicides, collapsing the cranberry industry. Notes Sea Breeze (cocktail) A Sea Breeze is a cocktail containing vodka with cranberry juice and grapefruit juice. The cocktail is usually consumed during summer months. The drink may be shaken in order to create a foamy surface. It is considered an IBA Official Cocktail. The drink follows the classic cocktail principle of balancing strong (alcohol) with weak (fruit juice) and sweet and sour. A Bay Breeze, or a Hawaiian Sea Breeze, is similar to a Sea Breeze except for the substitution of pineapple juice for grapefruit juice. It is also closely", "title": "Sea Breeze (cocktail)" }, { "id": "11115078", "score": "1.5883207", "text": "juice) and the Salty Dog (which lacks the cranberry juice and is made with a salted rim). The cocktail was born in the late 1920s, but the recipe was different from the one used today, as gin and grenadine were used in the original Sea Breeze. This was near the end of the Prohibition era. In the 1930s, a Sea Breeze had gin, apricot brandy, grenadine, and lemon juice. Later, a Sea Breeze recipe would contain vodka, dry vermouth, Galliano, and blue Curaçao. The cranberry grower's cooperative in the 1930s evolved into Ocean Spray which marketed cranberry juice in the", "title": "Sea Breeze (cocktail)" }, { "id": "11567693", "score": "1.5866873", "text": "Orange Tundra The Orange Tundra is a cocktail of Vodka, Kahlúa, Creme Soda, and Orange juice. It is traditionally poured over 2 to 3 cubes of ice in an old-fashioned 8-12 oz. glass. This mixed drink was first discovered in 2003 and became wildly popular thereafter. This drink's name is largely attributed to its cold serving temperature and orange appearance due to the use of orange juice. The ingredients are added to the highball glass in the following order: vodka, cream soda, coffee liqueur and finally, orange juice. Although ice can be added, the drink should not be stirred before", "title": "Orange Tundra" }, { "id": "11567694", "score": "1.584383", "text": "serving. Orange Tundra The Orange Tundra is a cocktail of Vodka, Kahlúa, Creme Soda, and Orange juice. It is traditionally poured over 2 to 3 cubes of ice in an old-fashioned 8-12 oz. glass. This mixed drink was first discovered in 2003 and became wildly popular thereafter. This drink's name is largely attributed to its cold serving temperature and orange appearance due to the use of orange juice. The ingredients are added to the highball glass in the following order: vodka, cream soda, coffee liqueur and finally, orange juice. Although ice can be added, the drink should not be stirred", "title": "Orange Tundra" }, { "id": "1368058", "score": "1.5682955", "text": "Long Island Iced Tea A Long Island Iced Tea is a type of alcoholic mixed drink typically made with vodka, tequila, light rum, triple sec, gin, and a splash of cola, which gives the drink the same amber hue as its namesake. A popular version mixes equal parts vodka, gin, rum, triple sec, with parts sour mix and a splash of cola. Lastly, it is decorated with the lemon and straw, after stirring with bar spoon smoothly. Most variants use equal parts of the main liquors, but include a smaller amount of triple sec (or other orange-flavored liqueur). Close variants", "title": "Long Island Iced Tea" }, { "id": "1368061", "score": "1.5610914", "text": "owing their existence to the success of the original Long Island Iced Tea. An example of a variation to the Long Island is the Purple Rain, which uses the same mix as a Long Island but the Triple Sec is replaced with a shot of Chambord Liqueur and the cola replaced with lemonlime soda . Long Island Iced Tea A Long Island Iced Tea is a type of alcoholic mixed drink typically made with vodka, tequila, light rum, triple sec, gin, and a splash of cola, which gives the drink the same amber hue as its namesake. A popular version", "title": "Long Island Iced Tea" }, { "id": "6386788", "score": "1.5610418", "text": "Cod and the mother of President John F. Kennedy from Massachusetts. The cocktail is one of the most commonly ordered cocktails in many American bars, though usually referred to as a \"vodka soda, splash of cran.\" It is served in a rocks glass. Rose Kennedy Cocktail Rose Kennedy (also commonly known as a \"VSS,\" \"Fire Engine,\" \"The Michele,\" \"The White Girl,\" \"The Brian Ziegler,\" \"The Sean Brady,\" or \"vodka soda splash\") is a cocktail popular in the mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States. It consists of varying amounts of vodka and club soda with a splash of cranberry juice for color", "title": "Rose Kennedy Cocktail" }, { "id": "10018082", "score": "1.558032", "text": "rye and even single malt scotch. Some recipes call for lemon juice, lime juice, no juice, grenadine, sour mix and gomme syrup. The Santa Clara Company trademark described their product as \"Compounds of Whisky, Grenadine-Syrup, Rock-Candy Syrup, and Lime-Juice.\" Following the end of prohibition, Locke-Ober reopened its bar using this recipe: Shake the rye whiskey, lemon juice, orange juice and grenadine with ice; then strain into a chilled cocktail glass. Garnish with a maraschino cherry, if desired. Originally the drink was decorated with a small paper Massachusetts flag. Ward 8 (cocktail) The Ward 8 or Ward Eight is a cocktail", "title": "Ward 8 (cocktail)" }, { "id": "1922624", "score": "1.5575852", "text": "It is citrus-flavoured and made with alcohol (3.5% ABV) and spring water and is sold in 4-packs of 1-quart [947 ml] bottles. A line of 22 flavoured vodkas (based on the No.21 Red Label) with the \"Twist\" moniker appended on the end of the name have also been introduced. Flavours include Green Apple, Orange, Cranberry, Raspberry, Citrus (Lemon), Vanilla, Strawberry, Black Cherry, Watermelon, Lime, Blueberry, White Grape, Melon (Honeydew/Cantaloupe), Pomegranate, Passion Fruit, Pear, Peach, Pineapple, Mango, Coconut, and most recently Amaretto. Smirnoff trialed in the UK and Canada during 2004 a new blend of vodka entitled Smirnoff Penka. Marketing and", "title": "Smirnoff" }, { "id": "2442862", "score": "1.557003", "text": "the 1980s. A lemon twist is sometimes used to garnish. Cosmopolitan (cocktail) A cosmopolitan, or informally a cosmo, is a cocktail made with vodka, triple sec, cranberry juice, and freshly squeezed or sweetened lime juice. The International Bartenders Association recipe is based on vodka citron, lemon-flavored vodka. The cosmopolitan is a relative of cranberry coolers like the Cape Codder. Though often presented far differently, the cosmopolitan also bears a likeness in composition to the kamikaze cocktail. The origin of the cosmopolitan is disputed. While the cocktail is widely perceived to be a more modern creation, there is a strikingly similar", "title": "Cosmopolitan (cocktail)" }, { "id": "13836235", "score": "1.5541697", "text": "Juice\" is another variation. If made with UV Blue and pink lemonade, the drink looks slightly purple, but mostly brown and is called Dishwater. A further variation, the Lee Bowyer, named after the English former professional footballer, replaces the beer with blue-coloured alcopop, such as the Blue WKD Original Vodka, and has become popular with students at the University of Exeter. Alternatively, the Turbo-Shandy combines beer (usually lager) with a lemon-based product (e.g. Smirnoff Ice.) Porchcrawler A porchcrawler or porchclimb is a mixed drink made primarily of beer, vodka, gin, and a sweetening agent (for instance, lemonade concentrate). Sometimes rum", "title": "Porchcrawler" }, { "id": "12541686", "score": "1.5540582", "text": "or lime), Worcestershire sauce, celery seed, horseradish, clam juice or olive brine, brown sugar or molasses, and/or bitters. Some or all of these ingredients can come pre-mixed with the tomato juice as a single \"Bloody Mary mix\" to which the vodka is added, or the drink may be hand-constructed by the bartender from raw ingredients according to the patron's preference. A common garnish is a celery stalk when served in a tall glass; other common garnishes include olives, , a dill pickle spear, lemon wedges, dried sausage, and/or shrimp (as the taste of the drink is often reminiscent of shrimp", "title": "Bloody Mary (cocktail)" }, { "id": "93626", "score": "1.5524373", "text": "such as soda or fruit juice, it is a highball. Many of the International Bartenders Association Official Cocktails are highballs. When a mixed drink contains only a distilled spirit and a liqueur, it is a duo, and when it adds a mixer, it is a trio. Additional ingredients may be sugar, honey, milk, cream, and various herbs. Mixed drinks without alcohol that resemble cocktails are known as \"mocktails\" or \"virgin cocktails\". The origin of the word cocktail is disputed. The first recorded use of cocktail not referring to a horse is found in \"The Morning Post and Gazetteer\" in London,", "title": "Cocktail" }, { "id": "5169201", "score": "1.5514612", "text": "while fruit juice consumption overall declined by 2.6%, cranberry juice production increased by 9.9%. Cranberry juice Cranberry juice is the juice of the cranberry. The term \"cranberry juice cocktail\" refers to products that contain about 28% cranberry juice and the remainder either other fruit juices (typically grape, apple and/or pear) or water with sugar added. There are also low-calorie versions that use non-caloric sweeteners. A cup of standard 100% cranberry juice, amounting to 248 grams or 8 ounces, is a rich source of antioxidants and vitamin C. It also supplies modest amounts of calcium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus and potassium. Cranberry", "title": "Cranberry juice" } ]

[ "albania republic of macedonia bulgaria and turkey", "Albania, the Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey" ]

[ { "id": "154908", "score": "1.419189", "text": "and the Turkish occupation of Northern Cyprus; and the Macedonia naming dispute with the small Balkan country which shares a name with Greece's largest and second-most-populous region, also called Macedonia. Greece is a member of numerous international organizations, including the Council of Europe, the European Union, the Union for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Organisation internationale de la francophonie and the United Nations, of which it is a founding member. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature and comprises three Supreme Courts: the Court of Cassation (Άρειος Πάγος), the Council of State (Συμβούλιο της", "title": "Greece" }, { "id": "154831", "score": "1.4017367", "text": "Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at in length, featuring a large number of islands, of which 227 are inhabited. Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at . The country consists of nine geographic regions: Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands (including the Dodecanese and Cyclades), Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian Islands. Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation, being the birthplace", "title": "Greece" }, { "id": "154830", "score": "1.3948145", "text": "Greece Greece (), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: ), historically also known as Hellas, is a country located in Southern and Southeast Europe, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 0 million as of . Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki. Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the", "title": "Greece" }, { "id": "154835", "score": "1.394056", "text": "it as a middle power. It is the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor. The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. The Greek name of the country is \"Hellas\" () or \"Ellada\" ( or Ελλάδα; in polytonic: (, ) or Ἑλλάδα ' ), and its official name is the Hellenic Republic (Greek: ' ). In English, however, the country is usually called Greece, which comes from Latin \"\" (as used by the Romans) and literally means 'the land of", "title": "Greece" }, { "id": "13337469", "score": "1.3866006", "text": "air pollution and water pollution. Geography of Greece Greece is a country in Southern Europe, bordered to the north by Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria; to the east by Turkey, and is surrounded to the east by the Aegean Sea, to the south by the Cretan and the Libyan Seas, and to the west by the Ionian Sea which separates Greece from Italy. The country consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, and two smaller peninsulas projecting from it: the Chalkidiki and the Peloponnese, which is", "title": "Geography of Greece" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Mediterranean Sea" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Aegean Sea" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Geography of Greece\n\nGreece is a country of the Balkans, in Southeastern Europe, bordered to the north by Albania, North Macedonia and Bulgaria; to the east by Turkey, and is surrounded to the east by the Aegean Sea, to the south by the Cretan and the Libyan Seas, and to the west by the Ionian Sea which separates Greece from Italy.\n\nThe country consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, and two smaller peninsulas projecting from it:\nthe Chalkidiki and the Peloponnese, which is joined to the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth. Greece also has many islands, of various sizes, the largest being Crete, Euboea, Lesvos, Rhodes, Chios, Kefalonia, and Corfu; groups of smaller islands include the Dodecanese and the Cyclades. According to the \"CIA World Factbook\", Greece has of coastline, the largest in the Mediterranean Basin.\n\nGreece's latitude ranges from 35°N to 42°N and its longitude from 19°E to 28°E. As a result of this and its physical geography, the country has considerable climatic variation.", "title": "Geography of Greece" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of countries and territories by number of land borders" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Greece" }, { "id": "12224371", "score": "1.375525", "text": "the border can be taken. Total length within Bulgaria is 250 km. An overview of walking in Greece, including sections of E4, can be found in \"Trekking in Greece\" (2018) by Tim Salmon and Michael Cullen and there is a guide book in German to the E.4 in the Peloponnese by Rolf Roost (see bibliography). However, additional, current local information should be sought whenever possible and while a route exists from the Bulgarian border to the foot of the Peloponnese peninsula, it may inadequately way marked. E4 continues, via ferry from Yithio (Gythio), through Crete. E4 had originally been planned", "title": "E4 European long distance path" }, { "id": "13337456", "score": "1.3732889", "text": "Geography of Greece Greece is a country in Southern Europe, bordered to the north by Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria; to the east by Turkey, and is surrounded to the east by the Aegean Sea, to the south by the Cretan and the Libyan Seas, and to the west by the Ionian Sea which separates Greece from Italy. The country consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, and two smaller peninsulas projecting from it: the Chalkidiki and the Peloponnese, which is joined to the mainland by", "title": "Geography of Greece" }, { "id": "154895", "score": "1.3702332", "text": "places in the country. Rare marine species such as the pinniped seals and the loggerhead sea turtle live in the seas surrounding mainland Greece, while its dense forests are home to the endangered brown bear, the Eurasian lynx, the roe deer and the wild goat. Greece features a vast number of islands, between 1,200 and 6,000, depending on the definition, 227 of which are inhabited. Crete is the largest and most populous island; Euboea, separated from the mainland by the 60m-wide Euripus Strait, is the second largest, followed by Lesbos and Rhodes. The Greek islands are traditionally grouped into the", "title": "Greece" }, { "id": "13337459", "score": "1.3692834", "text": "temperatures throughout the year. In southern Crete, date palms bear fruit and swallows remain all year round, without migrating to Africa. Greece is located in Southern Europe, bordering the Ionian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey. It is a peninsular country, with an archipelago of about 3,000 islands. It has a total area of , of which land area is 130,647 km and internal waters (lakes and rivers) account for 1,310 km. Land boundaries with Albania (212 km), Republic of Macedonia (234 km), Bulgaria (472 km) and Turkey (192 km) measure approximately 1,110 km in total. Of", "title": "Geography of Greece" }, { "id": "154891", "score": "1.3644907", "text": "devalue its currency to regain competitiveness. Youth unemployment was especially high during the 2000s. The Greek government-debt crisis, and subsequent austerity policies, have resulted in protests. Located in Southern Europe, Greece is a transcontinental country that consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the sea at the southern end of the Balkans, ending at the Peloponnese peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth) and strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Due to its highly indented coastline and numerous islands, Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world", "title": "Greece" }, { "id": "57595", "score": "1.3594298", "text": "name Republic of Macedonia on which it declared its sovereignty in 1991. Greece, having a large region (see Macedonia) also under the same name opposed to the usage of this name as an indication of a nationality. The issue is currently under negotiations after a UN initiation. Balkan countries control the direct land routes between Western Europe and South West Asia (Asia Minor and the Middle East). Since 2000, all Balkan countries are friendly towards the EU and the USA. Greece has been the member of the European Union since 1981 while Slovenia is a member since 2004, Bulgaria and", "title": "Balkans" }, { "id": "13337457", "score": "1.359226", "text": "the Isthmus of Corinth. Greece also has many islands, of various sizes, the largest being Crete, Euboea, Lesvos, Rhodes, Chios, Kefalonia, and Corfu; groups of smaller islands include the Dodecanese and the Cyclades. According to the \"CIA World Factbook\", Greece has of coastline, the largest in the Mediterranean Basin. Greece's latitude ranges from 35°N to 42°N and its longitude from 19°E to 28°E. As a result of this and its physical geography, the country has considerable climatic variation. Greece's climate is divided into three main classes: Greece's largest island, Crete straddles two climatic zones, due to its geographical position and", "title": "Geography of Greece" }, { "id": "4144979", "score": "1.3585314", "text": "Panteleria, Lampedusa, Lampione and Linosa islands, and West Germany from the NATO side, and the cessation of demilitarization of Bulgaria, Romania, East Germany, Hungary and Finland from the Warsaw Pact's side. Turkey, on the other hand, denounces this as an aggressive act by Greece and as a breach of international treaties. From a legal perspective, three groups of islands may be distinguished: (a) the islands right off the Turkish Dardanelles straits, i.e. Lemnos and Samothrace; (b) the Dodecanese islands in the southeast Aegean; and (c) the remaining northeast Aegean islands (Lesbos, Chios, Samos, and Ikaria). These islands were placed under", "title": "Aegean dispute" }, { "id": "13337464", "score": "1.3478312", "text": "and the rest in the Ionian Sea. Estimates of the number of islands vary between 1,200 and 6,000. A figure frequently cited in travel guides is 1,425 islands, of which 166 are said to be inhabited. The Greek Tourism Organization reports a figure of 6,000, with 227 of them inhabited. Paris Match, however, raises this number to 9,841 islands, of which only 169 have a recorded continuous human presence. The Greek islands account for about 20% of the country's total territory, and vary greatly in size as well as in climate. The country's largest island is Crete, with Euboea being", "title": "Geography of Greece" }, { "id": "9397368", "score": "1.3450654", "text": "case on the non-invitation of the republic. NATO secretary general Jaap de Hoop Scheffer announced the mutually agreed text of the NATO members, which included the following points: A major concern cited by Greek officials was a number of maps that have circulated by nationalist groups based in Skopje depicting parts of Greece (including Thessaloniki, Greece's second largest city) as being part of a future United Macedonia, and the country's prime minister photographed laying a wreath under such a map just a few weeks before the summit. Also a poster displayed in Skopje just days before the Bucharest summit by", "title": "Macedonia naming dispute" }, { "id": "12228911", "score": "1.3437783", "text": "for new experiences at first towards nearby cities in the Argolid, second to Athens, Greece's capital city (notably in some of the neighbourhoods of Piraeus like Kastela or Palaio Faliro) and in the end overseas abroad to America being the United States, Canada and Argentina the three main places chosen as destinations. The disaster that both wars caused in the region, slowly overcame as the rest of Greece with the help of the Marshall Plan and the doctrine of rebuilding Europe. With the accession of the country to the European Union, progress arrived to the villages, mainly in terms of", "title": "Valtetsi (village)" }, { "id": "154892", "score": "1.3424978", "text": "with ; its land boundary is . The country lies approximately between latitudes 34° and 42° N, and longitudes 19° and 30° E, with the extreme points being: Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Mount Olympus, the mythical abode of the Greek Gods, culminates at Mytikas peak , the highest in the country. Western Greece contains a number of lakes and wetlands and is dominated by the Pindus mountain range. The Pindus, a continuation of the Dinaric Alps, reaches a maximum elevation of at Mt. Smolikas (the", "title": "Greece" }, { "id": "154932", "score": "1.3404217", "text": "came in fifth in the European category. There are 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Greece, and Greece is ranked 16th in the world in terms of total sites. 14 further sites are on the tentative list, awaiting nomination. Since the 1980s, the road and rail network of Greece has been significantly modernised. Important works include the A2 (Egnatia Odos) motorway, that connects northwestern Greece (Igoumenitsa) with northern Greece (Thessaloniki) and northeastern Greece (Kipoi); the Rio–Antirrio bridge, the longest suspension cable bridge in Europe ( long), connecting the Peloponnese (Rio, from Patras) with Aetolia-Akarnania (Antirrio) in western Greece. Also completed", "title": "Greece" }, { "id": "154907", "score": "1.3374338", "text": "promotion of Greek culture; the fostering of closer relations with the Greek diaspora; and the promotion of international cooperation. Additionally, due to its political and geographical proximity to Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa, Greece is a country of significant geostrategic importance and is considered to be a middle power and has developed a regional policy to help promote peace and stability in the Balkans, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. The Ministry identifies three issues of particular importance to the Greek state: Turkish challenges to Greek sovereignty rights in the Aegean Sea and corresponding airspace; the Cyprus dispute", "title": "Greece" }, { "id": "154931", "score": "1.3344545", "text": "visited region of Greece was that of Central Macedonia, with 18% of the country's total tourist flow (amounting to 3.6 million tourists), followed by Attica with 2.6 million and the Peloponnese with 1.8 million. Northern Greece is the country's most-visited geographical region, with 6.5 million tourists, while Central Greece is second with 6.3 million. In 2010, Lonely Planet ranked Greece's northern and second-largest city of Thessaloniki as the world's fifth-best party town worldwide, comparable to other cities such as Dubai and Montreal. In 2011, Santorini was voted as \"The World's Best Island\" in \"Travel + Leisure\". Its neighboring island Mykonos,", "title": "Greece" } ]

[ "b racking", "(B)Racking" ]

[ { "id": "7853618", "score": "1.6597124", "text": "aging process. The wine may also be 'fined' (\"collage\") using egg white or other materials to settle out particles in suspension which are then removed through further racking.\" Egg white is often applied to each barrel during the process. A racking hose is a flexible, plastic hose, used to siphon wine or beer from one vessel to another. It is used in both racking and bottling operations. A racking cane is a rigid tube, often bent or \"L\"-shaped, that is attached to the racking hose to make racking easier. A protective cap is placed over the lower end of the", "title": "Racking" }, { "id": "2764344", "score": "1.5449903", "text": "Beer tap A beer tap is a valve, specifically a tap, for controlling the release of beer. While in other contexts, depending on location, a \"tap\" may be a \"faucet\", \"valve\" or \"spigot\", the use of \"tap\" for beer is almost universal. This may be because the word was originally coined for the wooden valve in traditional barrels. Beer served from a tap is largely known as draught beer, though beer served from a cask is more commonly called cask ale, while beer from a keg may specifically be called keg beer. Beer taps can be also used to serve", "title": "Beer tap" }, { "id": "4499384", "score": "1.5344578", "text": "swan-necks, believing that flavour is reduced. In some pubs a small device or cap, known as a sparkler, is fitted to the end of the spout and acts like a sprinkler at the end of a hose pipe. This can be twisted to regulate the flow of the beer. When the sparkler is tight, the beer is severely agitated resulting in a creamy head; it is softer and creamier with less bitterness. It is also considered proper to dispense beer directly from the cask, as in pubs which have a tap room rather than a cellar. \"Gravity dispense\" is often", "title": "Cask ale" }, { "id": "4499382", "score": "1.524103", "text": "The beer engine is a , sometimes , airtight piston chamber; pulling down on the handle raises the piston which drags up a half pint of beer. When a cask is first tapped into the beer engine, or after the lines have been washed through, the pump needs to be pulled several times to clear the lines of air or water. The line will continue to hold beer, which will tend to go stale overnight, so the first beer of the day pulled through will be thrown away. Most pubs will pull through at least a pint of beer on", "title": "Cask ale" }, { "id": "7853615", "score": "1.5239993", "text": "Racking Racking, often referred to as Soutirage or Soutirage traditionnel (meaning racking in French), also filtering or fining, is a method in wine production of moving wine from one barrel to another using gravity rather than a pump, which can be disruptive to a wine. The process is also known as \"Abstich\" in German and \"travaso\" in Italian. \"Alexis Lichine's Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits\" defines racking as \"siphoning wine or beer off the lees (in the case of wine) or trub (in the case of beer), into a new, clean barrel or other vessel.\" Racking allows clarification and aids", "title": "Racking" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Language learning centre/Word list" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:WikiProject Core Content/Articles" }, { "id": "5336305", "score": "1.5090814", "text": "to surfaces that the bottle comes in contact with such as table cloths or counter tops. Wine collars are also called \"drip rings\" or \"drip collars\". There are two branded wine collars, one called a Drip Dickey and the other called a \"Winewoggle\"; both are registered trademarks with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Designs for this simple accessory have varied for over a hundred years. In 1872, W.R. Miller was issued a patent for a \"drip cup\", which formed a circular gutter that would catch the fluid. The most recognized wine collar today is typically a plastic or silver", "title": "Wine accessory" }, { "id": "3621646", "score": "1.5085223", "text": "ice in a narrow container and inhaling with a straw. Another method is to pour alcohol in a corked bottle with a pipe, and then use a bicycle pump to make a spray. Alcohol can be vaporized using a simple container and open-flame heater. Medical devices such as asthma nebulizers and inhalers were also reported as means of application. The practice gained popularity in 2004, with marketing of the device dubbed AWOL (Alcohol without liquid), a play on the military term AWOL (Absent Without Leave). AWOL, created by British businessman Dominic Simler, was first introduced in Asia and Europe, and", "title": "Alcohol inhalation" }, { "id": "17852184", "score": "1.4997386", "text": "that is likewise modified to run to three hoses, one into each partition. By turning the stopper in the bunghole to uncover one of the pipes, air can flow into the selected partition. When the spigot is opened, only the liquid from the selected partition can flow out, the partial vacuum in the other chambers prevents the flow. The original \"any drink\" methods using bottles were similar to \"Hocus Pocus\", simply on a smaller scale. Most variations used what appeared to be a bottle but was actually a tin container japanned (lacquered) green to appear like glass. The internal area", "title": "Inexhaustible bottle" }, { "id": "15340478", "score": "1.4970057", "text": "Wine on tap Wine on Tap is a distribution method for wine. Instead of distributing via the bottle, wine is housed in stainless steel kegs or disposable one way kegs. After the barreling stage, the wine is transferred into the kegs holding about 27 bottles of wine each (or 130 glasses). It is pushed through the keg by gases such as nitrogen or argon, further providing a blanket over the wine and protecting it from oxidation. This is not always necessary. Recent changes in the wine industry made it possible to tap wine from keg by a pump. This means", "title": "Wine on tap" }, { "id": "2764347", "score": "1.4893782", "text": "to force the beer up and out of the keg, these taps must have a means of supplying it. The typical \"picnic tap\" uses a hand pump to push air into the keg; this will cause the beer to spoil faster but is perfectly acceptable if the entire keg will be consumed in a short time. Portable taps with small CO cylinders are also available. Beers brewed and served by traditional methods, typically cask ale, do not use artificial gas. Taps for cask beer are simple on-off valves that are hammered into the end of the cask (see keystone for", "title": "Beer tap" }, { "id": "3093886", "score": "1.4891691", "text": "a wine or distilled spirit's volume that is lost to evaporation during aging in oak barrels. The ambient humidity tends to affect the composition of this share. Drier conditions tend to make the barrels evaporate more water, strengthening the spirit. However, in higher humidities, more alcohol than water will evaporate, therefore reducing the alcoholic strength of the product. This alcoholic evaporate encourages the growth of a darkly colored fungus, the angels' share fungus, \"Baudoinia compniacensis\", which tends to appear on the exterior surfaces of most things in the immediate area. Water barrels are often used to collect the rainwater from", "title": "Barrel" }, { "id": "3093889", "score": "1.4800315", "text": "allows the roller to change directions with little friction, compared to a cylinder. It also helps to distribute stress evenly in the material by making the container more curved. Barrels have reinforced edges to enable safe displacement by rolling them at an angle (in addition to rolling on their sides as described). Casks used for ale or beer have shives and keystones in their openings. Before serving the beer, a spile is hammered into the shive and a tap into the keystone. The wooden parts that make up a barrel are called staves, while the rings that hold them together", "title": "Barrel" }, { "id": "7853561", "score": "1.4713438", "text": "that can influence the flavour and mouthfeel of the wine. Lees (fermentation) Lees are deposits of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate, or are carried by the action of \"fining\", to the bottom of a vat of wine after fermentation and aging. The yeast deposits in beer brewing are known as trub. However, yeast deposits from secondary fermentation of both wine and beer are referred to as lees. This material is the source for most commercial tartaric acid, which is used in cooking and in organic chemistry. Normally, the wine is transferred to another container (racking),", "title": "Lees (fermentation)" }, { "id": "7853616", "score": "1.4683185", "text": "in stabilization. Wine that is allowed to age on the lees often develops \"off-tastes.\" A racking hose or tube is used and can be attached to a racking cane to make the task easier. The racking process is repeated several times during the aging of wine. Racking or soutirage is a traditional method in wine production of moving wine from one barrel to another using gravity rather than a pump. The process is repeated when the casks are moved to the second-year cellar. Soutirage was developed in the Bordeaux region of France in the 19th century at a time when", "title": "Racking" }, { "id": "2651959", "score": "1.4565244", "text": "Rather than a screw cap, the containers used a cam lever release mechanism with a short spout secured with a snap closure and an air-pipe to the air pocket which enabled smooth pouring (which was omitted in some copies). The interior was also lined with an impervious plastic, first developed for steel beer barrels that would allow the can to be used for either water or gasoline. The can was welded and had a gasket for a leak-proof mouth. The British used cans captured from the \"Jerries\" (Germans) – hence \"jerrycans\" – in preference to their own containers as much", "title": "Jerrycan" }, { "id": "3932068", "score": "1.4556181", "text": "tank 2) Capping the bottle, labeling it and 3) Packing the bottles into cases or cartons. Many smaller breweries send their bulk beer to large facilities for contract bottling—though some will bottle by hand. The first step in bottling beer is \"depalletising\", where the empty bottles are removed from the original packaging delivered from the manufacturer, so that individual bottles may be handled. The bottles may then be rinsed with filtered water or air, and may have carbon dioxide injected into them in attempt to reduce the level of oxygen within the bottle. The bottle then enters a \"filler\" which", "title": "Beer bottle" }, { "id": "3720282", "score": "1.45384", "text": "where the empty bottles are removed from the original pallet packaging delivered from the manufacturer, so that individual bottles may be handled. The bottles may then be rinsed with filtered water or air, and may have carbon dioxide injected into them in attempt to reduce the level of oxygen within the bottle. The bottle then enters a \"filler\" which fills the bottle with beer and may also inject a small amount of inert gas (usually carbon dioxide or nitrogen) on top of the beer to disperse the oxygen, as oxygen can ruin the quality of the product via oxidation. Finally,", "title": "Bottling line" }, { "id": "7131672", "score": "1.4515296", "text": "one-way valves, which is the widget that all brewers use now. The term \"widget glass\" can be used to refer to a laser-etched pattern at the bottom of a beer glass which aids the release of carbon dioxide bubbles. The pattern of the etching can be anything from a simple circular or chequered design to a logo or text. The widget in the base of a beer glass works by creating a nucleation point, allowing the CO to be released from the liquid which comes into contact with it, thus assisting in maintaining head on the beer. This has become", "title": "Widget (beer)" }, { "id": "18903088", "score": "1.4510098", "text": "the bottle down and a metal hook that pulled almost any “T” handled corkscrew up. The helix or worm was turned into the cork, then the bottle was held with the protruding corkscrew in the frame, with the lever hooked onto it. Pulling the lever extracted the cork. The mechanical advantage incorporated into these frames consisted of various types of rack and pinion, gear or lever mechanisms. Turning the worm into the cork and then turning the cork off the worm was a time-consuming process. Eventually, the popularity of bottled beer stopped with corks would necessitate the invention of a", "title": "Mounted corkscrew" }, { "id": "17852183", "score": "1.4484116", "text": "concept includes two different tricks, the original \"any drink\" where a single container can pour multiple drinks, and the \"endless pour\" in which a seemingly large or continuous amount of liquid is poured from a container that is too small to hold it. The original method from \"Hocus Pocus Junior\" was a single large barrel that is modified with internal baffles to create three sections. A single spigot on one of the flat ends of the barrel is extended with three pipes, one leading into each of the different partitions. The flow is controlled through a bunghole on the top", "title": "Inexhaustible bottle" } ]

[ "Helium nova", "CNe", "classical nova", "Recurrent nova", "rne", "recurrent nova", "recurring nova", "Recurring nova", "Classical nova", "Novas", "Nova and Supernova", "Nova", "RNe", "nova and supernova", "novas", "helium nova", "cne", "nova", "Stellar surface fusion", "Recurrent Nova", "stellar surface fusion" ]

[ { "id": "6767843", "score": "1.7891655", "text": "Long Ago and Far Away (TV series) Long Ago and Far Away is a television series that aired on PBS Television from January 28, 1989 to December 5, 1992. It was created by WGBH, a public television broadcast service located in Boston, Massachusetts. WGBH is a member of PBS, which allowed for the series to be viewed on various other PBS stations. Each episode began with host James Earl Jones sitting in a chair in a room with a table, lamp, and window. The walls were blue with white dots in order to make it appear as if the room", "title": "Long Ago and Far Away (TV series)" }, { "id": "6921233", "score": "1.7437667", "text": "from 1974 to 1979. The long-running show ended after its 2004-2005 season because the Pops' parent organization, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, did not want to continue funding the nearly $1 million production cost of each episode. Evening at Pops Evening at Pops was an American concert television series produced by WGBH-TV. It is one of the longest-running programs on PBS, airing from 1970 to 2005. The program was a public television version of a variety show, featuring performances by the Boston Pops Orchestra. It was taped at Symphony Hall in Boston, Massachusetts. Most shows featured a guest star, usually a", "title": "Evening at Pops" }, { "id": "13435951", "score": "1.7401657", "text": "The Ten O'Clock News (WGBH) The Ten O'Clock News was a weeknight local television news show, broadcast from 1976 to 1991 by WGBH, the Boston PBS affiliate. It replaced a pair of earlier news programs: The Reporters (1970-1973) and Evening Compass (1973-1974). The show premiered on Thursday, January 15th, 1976. Christopher Lydon became host of the program in 1977; his co-hosts included Gail Harris (1984-1987) and Carmen Fields (1987-1991). It won its first New England Emmy Award in 1978. Ultimately, the show and staff would win eight, including three for Best News Program. A Boston Globe 1991 editorial viewed the", "title": "The Ten O'Clock News (WGBH)" }, { "id": "2690922", "score": "1.7210639", "text": "6:30 p.m. (its sign-on time on Sundays was later extended to 11:00 a.m. that May). In March 1958, channel 2 began offering academic instructional television programs, with the debut of eight weekly science programs aimed at students in the sixth grade, which were televised “in some 48 separate school systems in and around the Boston area.” In November of that year, the station installed a new full-power transmitter donated by Westinghouse, which increased channel 2's transmitting power to 100,000 watts. During the early morning hours of October 14, 1961, a large fire caused significant damage to the Cambridge studios of", "title": "WGBH-TV" }, { "id": "2938887", "score": "1.719549", "text": "as time passed, the show grew into a cultural icon. Producer-director Russell Morash became known as the \"Father of How-To.\" Begun in 1979 as a one-time, 13-part series on the Boston PBS station WGBH, \"This Old House\" has grown into one of the most popular programs on the network. It has produced spin-offs (notably \"The New Yankee Workshop\" hosted by Norm Abram), a magazine, and for-profit web sites. The show has won 17 Emmy Awards and received 82 nominations. Although WGBH acquired the first two project houses (6 Percival Street in Dorchester and the Bigelow House in Newton) for renovation,", "title": "This Old House" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Nova episodes\n\n\"Nova\" is an American science documentary television series produced by WGBH Boston for PBS. Many of the programs in this list were not originally produced for PBS, but were acquired from other sources such as the BBC. All acquired programs are edited for \"Nova\", if only to provide American English narration and additional voice of interpreters (translating from another language).<ref name=\"wilford\" />\nMost of the episodes aired in a 60-minute time slot.\n\nIn 2005, \"Nova\" began airing some episodes titled \"NOVA scienceNOW\", which followed a newsmagazine style format. For two seasons, \"NOVA scienceNOW\" episodes aired in the same time slot as \"Nova\". In 2008, \"NOVA scienceNOW\" was officially declared its own series and given its own time slot. Therefore, \"NOVA scienceNOW\" episodes are not included in this list.\n\n", "title": "List of Nova episodes" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "This Old House\n\nThis Old House is an American home improvement media brand with television shows, a magazine, and a website (ThisOldHouse.com). The brand is headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. The television series airs on the American television network Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and follows remodeling projects of houses over a series of weekly episodes.\n\nBoston PBS station WGBH-TV originally created the program and produced it from its inception in 1979 until 2001, when Time Inc. acquired the television assets and formed This Old House Ventures. WGBH also distributed episodes to PBS until 2019, when WETA-TV became the distributor starting with the first episode of Season 41. Warner Bros. Domestic Television distributes the series to commercial television stations in broadcast syndication. Time Inc. launched \"This Old House\" magazine in 1995, focusing on home how-to, know-how, and inspiration.\nIn 2016, Time Inc. sold This Old House Ventures to executive Eric Thorkilsen and private equity firm TZP Growth Partners (although it will continue to have a special partnership deal with its former parent company). On March 19, 2021, This Old House Ventures was sold to Roku.", "title": "This Old House" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Connecticut Public Television\n\nConnecticut Public Television (CPTV) is the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member network for the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is owned by Connecticut Public Broadcasting, a community-based non-profit organization that holds the licenses for all PBS member stations licensed in the state, and also owns the state's National Public Radio (NPR) member, Connecticut Public Radio (WNPR). Together, the television and radio stations make up the Connecticut Public Broadcasting Network (CPBN). CPBN is the state's only locally owned media organization producing TV, radio, print and Internet content for distribution across the state. As of 2019, Mark Contreras was announced as the new President / CEO. The organizational structure of CPTV also includes a Board of Trustees. The network co-produced the long-running children's television series, \"Barney & Friends\" until the show (alongside other HiT programs) were transferred to WNET.", "title": "Connecticut Public Television" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of programs broadcast by PBS\n\nThe following is a list of programs currently or formerly distributed through the American PBS stations and other public television entities.\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of programs broadcast by PBS" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood\n\nMister Rogers' Neighborhood (sometimes shortened to Mister Rogers) is an American half-hour educational children's television series that ran from 1968 to 2001, and was created and hosted by Fred Rogers. The series \"Misterogers\" debuted in Canada on October 15, 1962, on CBC Television. In 1966, Rogers moved back to the United States creating \"Misterogers' Neighborhood\" (sometimes shown as \"MisteRogers' Neighborhood\"), later called \"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood\", on the regional Eastern Educational Television Network (EETN, a forerunner of today's American Public Television). The US national debut of the show occurred on February 19, 1968. It aired on NET and its successor, PBS, until August 31, 2001.\n\nThe series is aimed primarily at preschool children ages 2 to 5, but it was labelled by PBS as \"appropriate for all ages\". \"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood\" was produced by Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania public broadcaster WQED and Rogers' non-profit production company Family Communications, Inc., previously known as Small World Enterprises prior to 1971; the company was renamed The Fred Rogers Company after Rogers' death (it has since been renamed again to Fred Rogers Productions as of 2019). In May 1997, the series surpassed \"Captain Kangaroo\" as the longest-running children's television series, when it began to be removed by various PBS stations, and was then permanently removed from the daily syndicated schedule by PBS after August 29, 2008.\n\nEleven years after \"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood\" concluded, PBS debuted an animated spin-off, \"Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood\". A 50th-anniversary tribute show, hosted by actor Michael Keaton (who got his start on the show), titled \"Mister Rogers: It's You I Like\", premiered on PBS stations nationwide on March 6, 2018.<ref name=\"Mister Rogers Planet\" />", "title": "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood" }, { "id": "16522366", "score": "1.7123449", "text": "Science in Action (TV series) Science in Action was a weekly half-hour television program devoted to science. The program was produced by the California Academy of Sciences, and was broadcast from 1950-1966. It was thus among the first live science television program in the United States; \"The Johns Hopkins Science Review\" was broadcast from 1948–1955, and is apparently the very first such program. In all, 566 programs were produced. Dr. Tom Groody hosted the program for its first two years; he was succeeded by Dr. Earl S. Herald, who was the host for the following fourteen years until production ceased", "title": "Science in Action (TV series)" }, { "id": "15093415", "score": "1.7121483", "text": "most cases produced under contract with) other parties, such as individual member stations. Boston member WGBH-TV is one of the largest producers of educational television programming, including shows like \"American Experience\", \"Arthur\", \"Masterpiece Theatre\", \"Nova\", \"Antiques Roadshow\" and \"Frontline\", as well as many other children's and lifestyle programs. News programs are produced by WETA-TV (\"PBS Newshour\") in Washington, D.C., WNET in New York City and WPBT in Miami. Newark, New Jersey/New York City member WNET produces or distributes programs such as \"Secrets of the Dead\", \"Nature,\" and \"Cyberchase\". PBS also works with other networks for programming such as CNN International", "title": "PBS" }, { "id": "8759570", "score": "1.7105879", "text": "Science International Science International, later retitled What Will They Think Of Next!, is a Canadian television series produced by the Global Television Network from 1976 to 1979. Each episode featured approximately 20 short segments on scientific developments and trivia, narrated by Joseph Campanella and Tiiu Leek for its initial seasons. Kerrie Keane replaced Leek later in the series run. The hosts also appeared on camera, usually with chromakey effects behind them such as animation. The format of the series alternated between filmed footage of new inventions and developments and limited-animation segments usually focusing on more off-beat developments. After the show", "title": "Science International" }, { "id": "1483076", "score": "1.7074039", "text": "science and technology. The program invited listeners to pose questions for the guest host or hosts by telephone or e-mail. On March 29, 2013, NPR announced that it would cease production of \"TOTN\" at the end of June, replacing it with an expanded version of \"Here and Now\", an NPR/WBUR co-production. \"Science Friday\" continued as an independent show. \"TOTN\" began with a look ahead to the upcoming topics. Then the regular five-minute NPR newscast occurred. After the newscast, the show generally spent from 30 minutes to the entire show discussing the main topic. If discussion on that topic petered, or", "title": "Talk of the Nation" }, { "id": "2690919", "score": "1.7009137", "text": "was \"Come and See\", a children's program hosted by Tony Saletan and Mary Lou Adams, which was filmed at Tufts Nursery Training School. Channel 2 originally served as a member station of the National Educational Television and Radio Center (NETRC), which evolved into National Educational Television (NET) in 1963; for its first few years on the air, channel 2 only broadcast on Monday through Fridays between 5:30 and 9:00 p.m. It was originally based out of studio facilities located at 84 Massachusetts Avenue in Cambridge, Massachusetts (since 1965, home to MIT's Stratton Student Center) on the campus of the Massachusetts", "title": "WGBH-TV" }, { "id": "3478850", "score": "1.6950841", "text": "Mayo Simon, Bill Hartzell, Ran Lincoln and Guggenheim. They included the first live broadcast of the St. Louis City Council. Another featured the \"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\" nature columnist Leonard Hall of Possum Trot Farm. Among the taped program series was a pioneering science program intended for sixth graders to see in their classrooms, \"Science in Sight\", produced by Martin L. Schneider. Film making was encouraged and with Len Hall's collaboration a documentary film about the rare beauty of the relatively unprotected Current River was produced. It was later used by the National Audubon Society in the successful effort to make", "title": "KETC" }, { "id": "1467348", "score": "1.6928757", "text": "science stories were created in 1970 during the first Earth Day. From 1971 to 1986, he was on staff at NPR serving as a production assistant, associate producer, producer and science correspondent and reported on topics including the Kennedy Space Center, Three Mile Island, HIV/AIDS and the South Pole. From 1991-2013 he hosted Science Friday for NPR, which he anchored each Friday afternoon, discussing topics in science and technology. On January 1, 2014 the \"Science Friday\" program moved from NPR to PRI (Public Radio International) with Flatow continuing as host. The radio program airs from the City University of New", "title": "Ira Flatow" }, { "id": "2690944", "score": "1.6873112", "text": "programs distributed by American Public Television and other sources to fill its schedule, alongside programs produced for exclusive local broadcast in the Boston market. WGBH features a mix of live-action and animated children's programs produced by the station and other distributors between 6:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., as well as on Saturday and Sunday mornings. The remainder of its weekday lineup includes a two-hour block of news and travel programs leading into prime time, with documentary, arts and entertainment programs provided by PBS shown Sunday through Fridays during prime time (encores of WGBH national productions typically air on Saturday evenings).", "title": "WGBH-TV" }, { "id": "2774520", "score": "1.6864989", "text": "shorter running time on these networks to allow for their interstitials. Funding for \"3-2-1 Contact\" was provided by the following: Five sponsors funded the show for its entire run. They were originally supposed to fund for 20 new episodes until 1989. 3-2-1 Contact 3-2-1 Contact is an American science educational television show that aired on PBS from 1980 to 1988, and an adjoining children's magazine. The show, a production of the Children's Television Workshop (now known as Sesame Workshop), teaches scientific principles and their applications. Dr. Edward G. Atkins, who was responsible for much of the scientific content of the", "title": "3-2-1 Contact" }, { "id": "2690931", "score": "1.6833731", "text": "footage of city-sponsored events, and mayoral press conferences (some of the aforementioned content was moved to the city-managed Educational Channel). Boston Kids & Family carried a mix of children's programs produced by WGBH and other distributors – which were scheduled to avoid simulcasts with WGBH-TV or WGBX-TV – daily from 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., and a repeating block of telecourse programs aimed at adults from 8:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m. The channel intended to affiliate the subchannel with the planned PBS Kids Go! network, which was scheduled to launch in October 2006; however, PBS scuttled plans to launch the", "title": "WGBH-TV" }, { "id": "12576164", "score": "1.6807296", "text": "The Johns Hopkins Science Review The Johns Hopkins Science Review is a US television series about science that was produced at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland from 1948-1955. Starting in 1950, the series aired on the DuMont Television Network until the network's demise in 1955. The series' creator was Lynn Poole, who wrote or co-wrote most of its episodes and acted as the on-camera host. In 2002, Patrick Lucanio and Gary Coville wrote that, \"In retrospect, Lynn Poole created one of those unique series that allowed television to fulfill its idealized mission as both an educational and an entertainment", "title": "The Johns Hopkins Science Review" }, { "id": "2207589", "score": "1.6765885", "text": "1965, Herbert produced eight films in a series titled \"Experiment: The Story of a Scientific Search\"; these aired on public television in 1966. In the same year, Herbert produced the \"Science 20\" series, which were 20-minute films of experiments that were designed for classroom use; a student would record and analyze data based on the film. In 1977, he began producing a series of \"How About\" episodes about scientific topics. These were 90-second films that could be used in news programs; by 1986, he produced 536 films. In 1969, Herbert opened a Mr. Wizard Science Center in Wellesley, Massachusetts; the", "title": "Don Herbert" }, { "id": "1785054", "score": "1.6762704", "text": "have been narrated by David Ogden Stiers and Peter Berkrot. The show is produced by the WGBH Educational Foundation, the parent company of WGBH-TV in Boston, which is solely responsible for its content. WGBH is the creator of The Documentary Consortium, with another 4 PBS stations, including WNET in New York and KCTS in Seattle. In 2015, the creator and founding executive producer of \"Frontline\", David Fanning, retired after more than 32 years as executive producer of the program, and Raney Aronson-Rath succeeded him in senior grade. Fanning, however, remains editor-at-large of \"Frontline\" as a founding member. On September 14,", "title": "Frontline (U.S. TV program)" }, { "id": "13677376", "score": "1.670404", "text": "Scientific American Frontiers Scientific American Frontiers is an American television program primarily focused on informing the public about new technologies and discoveries in science and medicine. It was a companion program to the \"Scientific American\" magazine. The show was produced for PBS by the Chedd-Angier Production Company, and typically aired once every two to four weeks. The shows are available on-line at their website, but continue to air regularly on the national digital channel World. The show first aired in October 1, 1990, with MIT professor Woodie Flowers who served as the original host from 1990 to the spring of", "title": "Scientific American Frontiers" }, { "id": "13435953", "score": "1.6690562", "text": "President Henry P. Becton Jr., explained the show's cancellation, \"The downturn in the New England economy has finally caught up with WGBH, forcing us to make some hard choices about the way in which we serve our local community.\" The final broadcast aired on Thursday, May 30th, 1991. The Ten O'Clock News (WGBH) The Ten O'Clock News was a weeknight local television news show, broadcast from 1976 to 1991 by WGBH, the Boston PBS affiliate. It replaced a pair of earlier news programs: The Reporters (1970-1973) and Evening Compass (1973-1974). The show premiered on Thursday, January 15th, 1976. Christopher Lydon", "title": "The Ten O'Clock News (WGBH)" } ]

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[ { "id": "4038040", "score": "1.5958371", "text": "company of National Car Rental and Alamo Rent a Car. The resulting company was 21st on the 2008 Forbes list of \"Largest Private Companies in America.\" Enterprise Rent-A-Car is the largest rental car company in the United States, and has more than 9,000 “home city” locations, and 419 airport locations. Enterprise Rent-A-Car’s primary focus is the local rental car market, specializing in car rentals to consumers who need a replacement car as the result of an accident, mechanical repair, theft, or who require a vehicle for a special occasion such as a short business or leisure trip. In the late", "title": "Enterprise Rent-A-Car" }, { "id": "12908009", "score": "1.5299429", "text": "ANC Rental ANC Rental Corporation (“ANC Rental”) was a Delaware corporation, created in October 1999 by AutoNation, Inc. as a wholly owned subsidiary. The company owned Alamo Rent A Car, National Car Rental, CarTemps and was a 2000 AutoNation spin-off to its shareholders, made public on July 3, 2000. With a fleet of 214,000 cars (2002), the business serviced both business and leisure travelers using 3,200 in-airport and near airport locations in the USA, and 69 other countries, including Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, Latin America, Asia, the Pacific Rim, Europe, and Middle East. Revenue was $2.4B US as of December", "title": "ANC Rental" }, { "id": "6002953", "score": "1.5077758", "text": "National Car Rental National Car Rental is an American rental car agency based in Clayton, Missouri, United States. National is owned by Enterprise Holdings, along with other agencies including Enterprise Rent-A-Car, and Alamo Rent a Car. National was founded by 24 independent rental car agents on August 27, 1947. It had grown from 60 locations in the United States in 1947 to over 2000 locations internationally . In 1987, Paine Webber, a historical American brokerage firm, gained majority ownership of National. In 1995, National was owned by an investment group containing William Lobeck of Tulsa, Alvin Swanner of New Orleans,", "title": "National Car Rental" }, { "id": "16954673", "score": "1.4764466", "text": "the largest global car rental network through its alliance with Europcar. The success of Enterprise can in part be attributed to it's major focus on customer service. , the company's chairman and CEO was Andrew Taylor, son of the founder Jack Taylor. A planned acquisition of Citer SA was announced in November 2011; this includes the acquisition of subsidiary Atesa. This acquisition would add 30,000 vehicles to the company's fleet and provide entry into the French and Spanish markets. PhillyCarShare, a for-profit car-sharing organization in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was acquired by Enterprise in 2011 and was renamed Enterprise CarShare in 2014.", "title": "Enterprise Holdings" }, { "id": "4038039", "score": "1.4727538", "text": "Enterprise Rent-A-Car Enterprise Rent-A-Car is an American car rental company headquartered in Clayton, Missouri, United States in Greater St. Louis. In addition to car rental, Enterprise also oversees commercial fleet management, used car sales, and commercial truck rental operations. Enterprise Rent-A-Car was established in St. Louis, Missouri in 1957 by Jack C. Taylor. Originally known as \"Executive Leasing Company,\" in 1969, Taylor renamed the company \"Enterprise\" after the aircraft carrier , on which he served during World War II. In 2009, Enterprise became a subsidiary of Enterprise Holdings, Inc., following the company's 2007 acquisition of Vanguard Automotive Group, the parent", "title": "Enterprise Rent-A-Car" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Enterprise Rent-A-Car\n\nEnterprise Rent-A-Car is an American car rental agency headquartered in Clayton, Missouri, in Greater St. Louis. Enterprise is the flagship brand of Enterprise Holdings, which also owns other agencies including Alamo Rent a Car and National Car Rental. The company has historically concentrated on what it calls \"home city\" rentals, often people renting a car while their own was being repaired, but in recent years has expanded to airport-based rentals, especially after its parent company's acquisition of Alamo and National in 2007. \n\nIn addition to car rental, Enterprise Holdings also markets other transportation services under the Enterprise name including commercial fleet management, used car sales, and commercial truck rental operations.\n\nEnterprise Rent-A-Car was established in St. Louis, Missouri in 1957 by Jack C. Taylor. Originally known as \"Executive Leasing Company,\" in 1969, Taylor renamed the company \"Enterprise\" after the aircraft carrier , on which he served during World War II.", "title": "Enterprise Rent-A-Car" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Enterprise Holdings\n\nEnterprise Holdings is an American private holding company headquartered in Clayton, Missouri in Greater St. Louis. It is the parent company of car rental agencies Enterprise Rent-A-Car, National Car Rental, Alamo Rent a Car and also operates several other transportation services including commercial fleet management, used car sales (through its Enterprise Car Sales dealers), carsharing, and commercial truck rental operations.\n\nIt is one of the three big rental car holding companies in the United States, holding a 33% market share, placing it behind the Hertz Corporation and ahead of Avis Budget Group.", "title": "Enterprise Holdings" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Avis Car Rental\n\nAvis Car Rental is an American car rental company headquartered in Parsippany, New Jersey. Avis, Budget Rent a Car, Budget Truck Rental and Zipcar are all units of Avis Budget Group.\n\nAvis Budget Group operates the Avis brand in South Africa, North America, South America, India, Australia, and New Zealand. In 2011, Avis announced it was acquiring Avis Europe plc, which had been a separate corporation licensing the Avis brand.\n\nSince the late 1970s, Avis has featured mainly General Motors (GM) vehicles such as Chevrolet and Cadillac, but today also rents popular non-GM brands including Ford and Toyota.\n\nAvis is a rental car provider to the commercial segment serving business travelers at major airports internationally, and to leisure travellers at off-airport locations. Many of the off-airport locations are franchised operations rather than company-owned and -operated, as is the case with most airport locations. Avis was the first car rental business to be located at an airport.<ref name=MorningEdition />\n\nIn January 2013, the company agreed to acquire Zipcar for $491 million.", "title": "Avis Car Rental" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Avis Budget Group\n\nAvis Budget Group is American car rental agency holding company headquartered in Parsippany, New Jersey. It is the parent company of several brands including Avis Car Rental, Budget Rent a Car, Budget Truck Rental, Payless Car Rental and Zipcar.\n\nThe company also operates several smaller, regional brands including ACL Hire, Apex Car Rentals, AmicoBlue, France Cars, Maggiore Group, MoriniRent, TurisCar and TurisPrime.<ref name=\"brand\" />\n\nIt is one of the three big rental car holding companies in the United States, holding a 26% market share, placing it behind both the Hertz Corporation and Enterprise Holdings.", "title": "Avis Budget Group" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Alamo Rent a Car\n\nAlamo Rent a Car is a rental car agency based in Clayton, Missouri, United States. The company has branches across North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and Oceania. Alamo is owned by Enterprise Holdings, along with other agencies including Enterprise Rent-A-Car and National Car Rental. Alamo typically caters to budget-conscious leisure travelers and is the largest car rental provider to international travelers visiting North America.", "title": "Alamo Rent a Car" }, { "id": "6002955", "score": "1.472022", "text": "1, 2007 Enterprise Rent-A-Car assumed control of Vanguard Automotive Group. National Car Rental National Car Rental is an American rental car agency based in Clayton, Missouri, United States. National is owned by Enterprise Holdings, along with other agencies including Enterprise Rent-A-Car, and Alamo Rent a Car. National was founded by 24 independent rental car agents on August 27, 1947. It had grown from 60 locations in the United States in 1947 to over 2000 locations internationally . In 1987, Paine Webber, a historical American brokerage firm, gained majority ownership of National. In 1995, National was owned by an investment group", "title": "National Car Rental" }, { "id": "3412085", "score": "1.466136", "text": "The Hertz Corporation The Hertz Corporation, a subsidiary of Hertz Global Holdings Inc., is an American car rental company based in Estero, Florida that operates 9,700 international corporate and franchisee locations. As the second-largest US car rental company by sales, locations, and fleet size, Hertz operates in 150 countries, including North America, Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia, Australia, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and New Zealand. The Hertz Corporation owns Dollar and Thrifty Automotive Group—which separates into Thrifty Car Rental and Dollar Rent A Car. Hertz Global Holdings, the parent company of The Hertz Corporation, was ranked 335th in Forbes'", "title": "The Hertz Corporation" }, { "id": "3412086", "score": "1.4494343", "text": "2017 Fortune 500 list. As of 2017, the company has revenues of US$8.48 billion, assets of US$20 billion, and 37,000 employees. The Hertz Corporation, originally known as Rent-a-Car Inc., was founded by Chicago, Illinois native Walter L. Jacobs in 1918. This small car rental operation began with a dozen Model T Ford cars. Within five years, Jacob's fleet expanded to 600 vehicles—generating annual revenues of approximately US$1 million. John D. Hertz, owner of Yellow Truck and Coach Manufacturing Company, developed an interest in the brand, leading to him purchasing the company in 1923. It was then renamed to Hertz Drive-Ur-Self", "title": "The Hertz Corporation" }, { "id": "5871021", "score": "1.4433284", "text": "branch operations across the United States over the next few years, becoming the second largest car rental company in the country by 1953. By its tenth anniversary in 1956 it had opened its first international offices in Europe, Canada and Mexico. The Avis corporate motto of \"We Try Harder\" was adopted in 1962, during CEO Robert Townsend's tenure. The company aimed to put a positive spin on Avis' status as the second largest car rental company in the United States while also taking a shot at larger competitor The Hertz Corporation. The slogan was used for 50 years before a", "title": "Avis Rent a Car" }, { "id": "6003395", "score": "1.4409842", "text": "Dollar Rent A Car Dollar Rent A Car, Inc., formerly known as Dollar A Day Rent A Car, is a global rental car company with headquarters in Estero, Florida. Operating as a subsidiary of The Hertz Corporation, Dollar Rent A Car shares 840 company-owned locations in the United States and Canada and over 1,500 franchise locations in 70 countries with Thrifty Car Rental as of February 2017. Dollar Rent A Car was founded in Los Angeles, California in 1965 by Henry J. Caruso. It was purchased by The Chrysler Corporation for an undisclosed amount on August 15, 1990 and joined", "title": "Dollar Rent A Car" }, { "id": "8025291", "score": "1.4359622", "text": "Davis, established in 1920, and bought by Europcar in 1981. The sector expanded rapidly in the US; in 1926, the American Driveurself Association assembled over 1200 delegates in Chicago. The growth in travel after World War II led to the establishment of several well known international companies, including National Car Rental (1947), Europcar (1949), Enterprise Rent-A-Car (1957), Thrifty Rent A Car (1958), and Budget Rent a Car (1958). Car rental companies operate by purchasing or leasing a number of fleet vehicles and renting them to their customers for a fee. Rental fleets can be structured in several ways – they", "title": "Car rental" }, { "id": "3412092", "score": "1.4304969", "text": "combined 10,400 locations in approximately 150 countries. Before the merge, Dollar Thrifty was the fourth-largest car rental company. Following the purchase of Dollar Thrifty, Hertz sold its Advantage Rent a Car unit to Franchise Service of North America and Macquaire Capital in 2012. Activist investor Carl Icahn holds approximately one-third stake in the Hertz brands and controls three board seats. The fiscal year of 2013, Hertz generated approximately US$8.7 billion in revenue. In May 2013, Frissora and Florida Governor Rick Scott announced Hertz Global Holdings would relocate their worldwide headquarters from Park Ridge, New Jersey to Estero, Florida. Relocation to", "title": "The Hertz Corporation" }, { "id": "8702723", "score": "1.4275382", "text": "Kemwel Kemwel is an independent car rental consolidator based in Portland, Maine, United States, with access to over 750,000 vehicles in Europe and worldwide from over 4,000 pick up locations. The company dates from 1908 as a parking garage in New York City, but became a Studebaker dealer, then, finally in 1958, a Mercedes-Benz dealer. It was the addition of the Mercedes line that prompted the owner to branch out into rental vehicles. Due to Mercedes' insistence that buyers come to the factory in Germany to buy the vehicles at a discounted price, once there, the customers usually had to", "title": "Kemwel" }, { "id": "8025290", "score": "1.4233294", "text": "cars for rent Joe Saunders of Omaha, Nebraska first started with only one borrowed Model T Ford in 1916, but by 1917, his Ford Livery Company was renting out 18 Model Ts at 10 cents per mile. The company name became \"Saunders Drive-It-Yourself System\" and then \"Saunders System\". By 1926, Saunders had expanded to 56 cities. Saunders' company was bought by Avis in 1955. An early competitor to Saunders was Walter L. Jacobs, whose Chicago-based \"Rent-a-Car\" opened in 1918 with twelve Ford Model T. The company was bought in 1923 by John Hertz. In Britain, car rental started with Godfrey", "title": "Car rental" }, { "id": "11875581", "score": "1.4227514", "text": "Enterprise Car Sales Enterprise Car Sales was established in 1962 by Enterprise Rent-A-Car founder Jack Taylor and is an expanded service of the Enterprise Holdings, the largest rental car company in North America. Enterprise Car Sales has more than 120 locations nationwide, and is recognized as one of the largest sellers of used cars in the United States. Their inventory is composed entirely of used vehicles in over 250 available makes and models, most of them gleaned from Enterprise’s own fleet of more than 700,000 rental cars. At any given time, Enterprise Car Sales has more than 6,000 vehicles for", "title": "Enterprise Car Sales" }, { "id": "3412101", "score": "1.4215922", "text": "in business attire, leaping over rows seats to get his Hertz rental car. A woman yelled, \"Go, O. J., Go!\" The tagline of the ad, as spoken by Simpson, was \"Hertz, the superstar in rent-a-car\". Through the 1980s and 1990s, Simpson appeared with golf legend Arnold Palmer and actress Jamie Lee Curtis. The Hertz Corporation The Hertz Corporation, a subsidiary of Hertz Global Holdings Inc., is an American car rental company based in Estero, Florida that operates 9,700 international corporate and franchisee locations. As the second-largest US car rental company by sales, locations, and fleet size, Hertz operates in 150", "title": "The Hertz Corporation" }, { "id": "6003403", "score": "1.4214997", "text": "child safety seats, navigation, and operational support to renters. As of February 2017, Dollar Rent A Car and Thrifty Car Rental maintained 1,500 franchised branches, 840 of which are in the United States and Canada. Dollar Rent A Car Dollar Rent A Car, Inc., formerly known as Dollar A Day Rent A Car, is a global rental car company with headquarters in Estero, Florida. Operating as a subsidiary of The Hertz Corporation, Dollar Rent A Car shares 840 company-owned locations in the United States and Canada and over 1,500 franchise locations in 70 countries with Thrifty Car Rental as of", "title": "Dollar Rent A Car" }, { "id": "6003402", "score": "1.4185276", "text": "The Hertz Corporation – including Hertz Car Rentals, Thrifty Car Rental, Dollar Rent A Car, and other subsidiaries. By 1997, Dollar Rent A Car was known to serve value-oriented travelers, including travel for leisure, small business, and tourism. In the late 1990s, rental locations in Florida, California, Hawaii, and Nevada were held responsible for 80% of Dollar’s 1996 fiscal revenue, and 76% in 1997. By 2011, international areas served include Australia, Canada, Caribbean Islands, Latin America, with a concentration on local markets and airport locations. Along with car, truck, and crossover rental services, Dollar Rent A Car provides ski racks,", "title": "Dollar Rent A Car" }, { "id": "11437301", "score": "1.4182339", "text": "advertising. In 1973, the Palm Springs, California Planning Commission rejected Caruso's request for approval of a \"Dollar A Day\" sign as \"misleading advertising.\" He later changed the name to Dollar Rent-A-Car. Under his 20 years of guidance it grew to be the fourth largest car rental agency worldwide with over 1,400 locations. He sold the company to the Chrysler Corporation in 1990 (it is now a part of the Dollar-Thrifty Automotive Group). Caruso was also the head of Caruso Affiliated, which owned his car dealerships, and HJC Investment Corporation, an investment company. On April 25, 1957 Henry J. Caruso was", "title": "Henry Caruso" }, { "id": "18645732", "score": "1.4174943", "text": "exposure to new markets, via leasing, fleet management consulting, and managing fleet acquisitions and dispositions more efficiently. In May 2013, Frissora announced Hertz would relocate to Estero, Florida from New Jersey, with the new building to combine staff from both Dollar Thrifty and Hertz. The relocation was to be completed in 2016. By November 2013, Hertz was the \"largest publicly traded rental car operator in the United States.\" Hertz stated revenue increases of 34 percent, and up to $10.8 billion, between 2006 and 2013. By that time worldwide car rental revenues went up 37% and up to $8.7 billion; U.S.", "title": "Mark Frissora" } ]

[ "uss old constitution", "USS Constitution", "USF Constitution", "U.S.S. Constitution", "usf constitution", "Old Constitution", "ship constitution", "uss constitution 1797", "uss constitution", "Uss Constitution", "Uss constitution", "u s s constitution", "USS Constitution (1797)", "USS Old Constitution", "Ship Constitution", "constitution vessel", "Constitution (vessel)", "uss constitution ix 21", "USS Constitution (IX-21)", "old constitution" ]

[ { "id": "4069592", "score": "1.9624257", "text": "the nickname given to the 18th-century frigate, USS \"Constitution\" during the War of 1812 after its naval battle with . \"Constitution\" was one of the original six frigates of the United States Navy, commissioned by the Naval Act of 1794. \"Constitution\" was the third of four ships with 44 guns and was granted its name by President George Washington. The ship saw action during the Quasi-War, the First Barbary War, the Battle of Tripoli Harbor, and the Battle of Derne before earning her famous nickname during the War of 1812. Holmes had recently abandoned his studies of law and began", "title": "Old Ironsides (poem)" }, { "id": "713677", "score": "1.9565357", "text": "ships of the Continental Navy were , , , and . These were former merchantmen, and their names were assigned during conversion and outfitting. Later, Congress authorized the construction of thirteen frigates, and no names were assigned until after four had launched. The first description that we have of an American warship christening is that of at Boston, October 21, 1797, famous as \"Old Ironsides.\" Her sponsor was Captain James Sever, USN, who stood on the weather deck at the bow. \"At fifteen minutes after twelve she commenced a movement into the water with such steadiness, majesty and exactness as", "title": "Ceremonial ship launching" }, { "id": "4069594", "score": "1.912431", "text": "already been in motion. Today, \"Constitution\" is well known by its nickname \"Old Ironsides\" and is the oldest commissioned ship in the world still afloat. Old Ironsides (poem) \"Old Ironsides\" is a poem written by American writer Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., on September 16, 1830, as a tribute to the eighteenth-century frigate . Thanks in part to the poem, she was saved from being decommissioned and is now the oldest commissioned ship in the world still afloat. <poem> Aye tear her tattered ensign down Long has it waved on high, And many an eye has danced to see That banner", "title": "Old Ironsides (poem)" }, { "id": "4069590", "score": "1.8813822", "text": "Old Ironsides (poem) \"Old Ironsides\" is a poem written by American writer Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., on September 16, 1830, as a tribute to the eighteenth-century frigate . Thanks in part to the poem, she was saved from being decommissioned and is now the oldest commissioned ship in the world still afloat. <poem> Aye tear her tattered ensign down Long has it waved on high, And many an eye has danced to see That banner in the sky; Beneath it rung the battle shout, And burst the cannon's roar;— The meteor of the ocean air Shall sweep the clouds no", "title": "Old Ironsides (poem)" }, { "id": "441755", "score": "1.8655527", "text": "USS Constitution USS \"Constitution, also known as Old Ironsides\", is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy named by President George Washington after the United States Constitution. She is the world's oldest commissioned naval vessel still afloat. She was launched in 1797, one of six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 and the third constructed. Joshua Humphreys designed the frigates to be the young Navy's capital ships, and so \"Constitution\" and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed and built than standard frigates of the period. She was built at Edmund", "title": "USS Constitution" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "USS Constitution\n\nUSS \"Constitution, also known as Old Ironsides\", is a three-masted wooden-hulled heavy frigate of the United States Navy. She is the world's oldest ship still afloat. She was launched in 1797, one of six original frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 and the third constructed. The name \"Constitution\" was among ten names submitted to President George Washington by Secretary of War Timothy Pickering in March of 1795 for the frigates that were to be constructed. Joshua Humphreys designed the frigates to be the young Navy's capital ships, and so \"Constitution\" and her sister ships were larger and more heavily armed and built than standard frigates of the period. She was built at Edmund Hartt's shipyard in the North End of Boston, Massachusetts. Her first duties were to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi-War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.\n\n\"Constitution\" is most noted for her actions during the War of 1812 against the United Kingdom, when she captured numerous merchant ships and defeated five smaller British warships: , , , , and . The battle with \"Guerriere\" earned her the nickname \"\"Old Ironsides\"\" and public adoration that has repeatedly saved her from scrapping. She continued to serve as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons, and she circled the world in the 1840s. During the American Civil War, she served as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. She carried American artwork and industrial displays to the Paris Exposition of 1878.\n\n\"Constitution\" was retired from active service in 1881 and served as a receiving ship until being designated a museum ship in 1907. In 1934, she completed a three-year, 90-port tour of the nation. She sailed under her own power for her 200th birthday in 1997, and again in August 2012 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of her victory over \"Guerriere\".\n\n\"Constitution\"s stated mission today is to promote understanding of the Navy's role in war and peace through educational outreach, historical demonstration, and active participation in public events as part of the Naval History & Heritage Command. As she is a fully commissioned Navy ship, her crew of 75 officers and sailors participate in ceremonies, educational programs, and special events while keeping her open to visitors year round and providing free tours. The officers and crew are all active-duty Navy personnel, and the assignment is considered to be special duty. She is usually berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard at one end of Boston's Freedom Trail.", "title": "USS Constitution" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Original six frigates of the United States Navy\n\nThe United States Congress authorized the original six frigates of the United States Navy with the Naval Act of 1794 on March 27, 1794, at a total cost of $688,888.82 (). These ships were built during the formative years of the United States Navy, on the recommendation of designer Joshua Humphreys for a fleet of frigates powerful enough to engage any frigates of the French or British navies, yet fast enough to evade any ship of the line.", "title": "Original six frigates of the United States Navy" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Ceremonial ship launching\n\nCeremonial ship launching involves the performance of ceremonies associated with the process of transferring a vessel to the water. It is a nautical tradition in many cultures, dating back thousands of years, to accompany the physical process with ceremonies which have been observed as public celebration and a solemn blessing, usually but not always, in association with the launch itself.\n\nShip launching imposes stresses on the ship not met during normal operation and, in addition to the size and weight of the vessel, represents a considerable engineering challenge as well as a public spectacle. The process also involves many traditions intended to invite good luck, such as christening by breaking a sacrificial bottle of champagne over the bow as the ship is named aloud and launched.", "title": "Ceremonial ship launching" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "George Claghorn\n\nGeorge Claghorn ( – , 1824) was an American patriot and shipwright. He served as an officer in the American Revolutionary War and was wounded in the Battle of Bunker Hill. After the war, he was awarded the rank of colonel in the Massachusetts militia. Claghorn was the master shipbuilder of \"Old Ironsides\" (a.k.a. ), which he and Samuel Nicholson built for the early United States Navy during the years 1794–1797. \"Old Ironsides\" is the oldest naval vessel in the world that is still commissioned, afloat and seaworthy.<ref name=\"Wheeler\" />", "title": "George Claghorn" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Haverford, Pennsylvania\n\nHaverford is an unincorporated community located in both Haverford Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States, and Lower Merion Township in Montgomery County, approximately west of Philadelphia. The Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) opened Haverford Station in 1880 on their Main Line west out of Broad Street Station (now Suburban Station) in Philadelphia. Haverford sits at milepost 9.17.\n\nHaverford borders the unincorporated portion of Haverford Township called \"Havertown,\" as well as the unincorporated communities of Bryn Mawr, Gladwyne, Ardmore, Wynnewood, and a small portion of Broomall.\n\nHaverford's name is derived from the name of the town of Haverfordwest in Wales, UK.\n\nToday, Haverford is most notable for being the site of Haverford College and one of the United States' oldest country clubs, the Merion Cricket Club.\n\nMajor roads in Haverford include Lancaster Avenue (US 30/Lincoln Highway), Montgomery Avenue, Haverford Road, and I-476 (Blue Route).", "title": "Haverford, Pennsylvania" }, { "id": "15104261", "score": "1.8308754", "text": "battle with the British warship Guirriere, the public affectionately dubbed the Constitution, “Old Ironsides”, firmly establishing her popularity in the eyes of the people. Her popularity has continued through today, as the world's oldest floating commissioned naval vessel. Wright chose the Constitution as the ship Brewer would hide herself aboard as it was one of the most famous ships and most patriotic symbols of the country at the time. Nathaniel Coverly's audience was mainly a mash of sailors, prostitutes, and juveniles. This was due in part to the subject matter of his writing, which was often too vulgar for the", "title": "The Female Marine" }, { "id": "1950799", "score": "1.8177105", "text": "After two months, sank ; \"Guerriere\"s crew were most dismayed to see their cannonballs bouncing off \"Constitution\"s unusually strong live oak hull, giving her the enduring nickname of \"Old Ironsides\". On 29 December 1812 \"Constitution\" defeated off the coast of Brazil and \"Java\" was burned after the Americans determined she could not be salvaged. On 25 October 1812, captured HMS \"Macedonian\"; after the battle \"Macedonian\" was captured and entered into American service. In 1813, commenced a very fruitful raiding venture into the South Pacific, preying upon the British merchant and whaling industry. \"Essex\" was already known for her capture of", "title": "History of the United States Navy" }, { "id": "4211443", "score": "1.8031693", "text": "in the War of 1812. As \"Constitution\" herself was still in commission, the name was unavailable for a new ship. Merrick & Sons was awarded a $780,000 contract for the ship on 15 October 1861 for delivery in nine months. A $500 penalty was imposed for each day past 15 July 1862 that the ship was delayed. Commodore Charles Stewart sponsored the ship as she was launched on 10 May 1862. She was commissioned on 21 August, but the navy did not invoke the penalty for late delivery. On 27 September the navy paid Merrick & Sons $34,322.06 for \"extras\",", "title": "USS New Ironsides" }, { "id": "1950791", "score": "1.7993307", "text": "the coastal regions, who argued the Navy would result in savings in insurance and ransom payments, while opponents from southern states and inland regions thought a navy was not worth the expense and would drive the United States into more costly wars. After the passage of the Naval Act of 1794, work began on the construction of the six frigates: , , , , , and . \"Constitution\", launched in 1797 and the most famous of the six, was nicknamed \"Old Ironsides\" (like the earlier ) and, thanks to the efforts of Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., is still in existence", "title": "History of the United States Navy" }, { "id": "4595253", "score": "1.787664", "text": "as HMS \"St George\" and once more on 2 June 1819 as HMS \"Barfleur\". She was third of seven ships to bear the name \"Britannia\", and was broken up at Plymouth in February 1825. She was known as \"Old Ironsides\" long before USS \"Constitution\". HMS Britannia (1762) HMS \"Britannia, also known as Old Ironsides\", was a 100-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was ordered on 25 April 1751 from Portsmouth Dockyard to the draught specified in the 1745 Establishment. Her keel was laid down on 1 July 1751 and she was launched on 19 October", "title": "HMS Britannia (1762)" }, { "id": "4595251", "score": "1.7572773", "text": "HMS Britannia (1762) HMS \"Britannia, also known as Old Ironsides\", was a 100-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was ordered on 25 April 1751 from Portsmouth Dockyard to the draught specified in the 1745 Establishment. Her keel was laid down on 1 July 1751 and she was launched on 19 October 1762. The cost of building and fitting totalled £45,844/2s/8d. Her main gundeck armament of twenty-eight 42-pounder guns was later replaced by 32-pounders. In the 1790s ten of her quarterdeck guns and two of her forecastle guns were replaced by the same number of 32-pounder", "title": "HMS Britannia (1762)" }, { "id": "6805853", "score": "1.7417061", "text": "to the commanding officer of . That venerable and revered former frigate was then serving on the Severn River as a midshipmen schoolship. According to the Naval Academy historian, \"Old Ironsides\", as the veteran man-of-war was affectionately called, ... was fast aground at high water, the only channel through which she could be taken was narrow and difficult, and she was in easy range of any battery which might be installed on the neighboring height. To make matters worse, almost no seamen were on board to man and refloat the frigate or to defend the ship from pro-Southern attackers, if", "title": "USS Allegheny (1847)" }, { "id": "2778259", "score": "1.7401664", "text": "short article in the \"Boston Daily Advertiser\" about the renowned 18th-century frigate USS \"Constitution\", which was to be dismantled by the Navy. Holmes was moved to write \"Old Ironsides\" in opposition of the ship's scrapping. The patriotic poem was published in the \"Advertiser\" the very next day and was soon printed by papers in New York, Philadelphia and Washington. It not only brought the author immediate national attention, but the three-stanza poem also generated so much public sentiment that the historic ship was preserved, though plans to do so may have already been in motion. During the rest of the", "title": "Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr." }, { "id": "441795", "score": "1.7389686", "text": "Boston on 30 August, where Hull and his crew found that news of their victory had spread fast, and they were hailed as heroes. William Bainbridge, senior to Hull, took command of \"Old Ironsides\" on 8 September and prepared her for another mission in British shipping lanes near Brazil, sailing with on 27 October. They arrived near São Salvador on 13 December, sighting in the harbor. \"Bonne Citoyenne\" was reportedly carrying $1,600,000 in specie to England, and her captain refused to leave the neutral harbor lest he lose his cargo. \"Constitution\" sailed offshore in search of prizes, leaving \"Hornet\" to", "title": "USS Constitution" }, { "id": "4183850", "score": "1.7331796", "text": "four British warships: , , , and . The battle with the \"Guerriere\" earned her the nickname of \"Old Ironsides\" and public adoration that has repeatedly saved her from scrapping. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons and made a circumnavigation of the world in the 1840s. During the American Civil War she served as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy and carried artwork and industrial displays to the Paris Exposition of 1878. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum", "title": "Original six frigates of the United States Navy" }, { "id": "4183855", "score": "1.6993728", "text": "guns—was launched on August 15, 1799 from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, under the command of Captain James Sever. Beginning her maiden voyage on January 6, 1800, she headed for the East Indies, but soon after her masts were destroyed in a gale, forcing her return to port; repairs took six months. She sailed again on July 26 for the West Indies and made uneventful patrols through April 1801. Under the command of John Rodgers, \"Congress\" sailed for the Mediterranean in June 1804 and performed services during the First Barbary War. She assumed blockade duties off Tripoli and participated in the capture", "title": "Original six frigates of the United States Navy" }, { "id": "441861", "score": "1.6992967", "text": "million expected cost. After the restoration was complete, she was returned to the water on 23 July 2017. In November, 2017, Commander Nathaniel R. Shick relieved Commander Robert S. Gerosa Jr., who had spent most of his command while the ship was dry docked, in a ceremony held on board \"Constitution\" to become the ship's 75th commanding officer. USS Constitution USS \"Constitution, also known as Old Ironsides\", is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy named by President George Washington after the United States Constitution. She is the world's oldest commissioned naval vessel still afloat. She was", "title": "USS Constitution" }, { "id": "4183849", "score": "1.6986983", "text": "of the time for political reasons) leading to uncertainty over which ship was preserved in Baltimore until it was proven in 1999 to be the second \"Constellation\". , rated at 44 guns, launched from Edmund Hartt's shipyard in Boston, Massachusetts, on October 21, 1797, by naval constructor George Claghorn and Captain Samuel Nicholson. During the Quasi-War she captured the French merchant ship \"Niger\", and was later involved in battling the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War. She is most well known for her actions during the War of 1812 against Britain, when she captured numerous merchant ships and defeated", "title": "Original six frigates of the United States Navy" }, { "id": "15628384", "score": "1.6898103", "text": "which was considered the most formidable warship in the navy. She had also survived a failed torpedo boat attack in August 1863. An hour later the rebels were approaching the ironclad when lookouts spotted them fifty yards away, just before they attached the torpedo. The Union commander Captain Stephen C. Rowan reported the following: \"\"At 9 p.m. discovered a very peculiar looking steamer which at first appeared like a boat standing toward our starboard beam from seaward; hailed her rapidly four times, and she making no reply, fired into her with musketry; she returned fire, dangerously wounding Ensign C.W. Howard", "title": "Attack on USS New Ironsides" }, { "id": "4211451", "score": "1.6881849", "text": "were replaced and most of the ship's crew with time remaining on their enlistments were transferred to other ships in the squadron. The ship arrived at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on 24 June and was decommissioned six days later to begin her refit. \"New Ironsides\" completed her overhaul in late August 1864, now under the command of Commodore William Radford, but did not join the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron in Hampton Roads until October when her crew finished gunnery training. She participated in a major assault in December on Fort Fisher, North Carolina, in an effort to stop blockade running", "title": "USS New Ironsides" } ]

[ "Lipan Point", "Grand Canyon, Arizona", "grand canyon of colorado", "North Rim of the Grand Canyon", "grand canyon park act of 1919", "Grand Canyon, AZ", "north rim of grand canyon", "The Grand Canyon", "Grand Canyon of the Colorado", "canon of colorado", "Great Colorado Canyon", "South Rim", "grand canyon ariz", "great canyon", "north rim", "lipan point", "grand canyon of colorado river", "Ongtupqa", "Great Canyon", "North Rim", "grand canyon", "The Great Canyon", "south rim", "Colorado Canyon", "Grand Canyon of the Colorado River", "grand canyon arizona", "Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919", "great colorado canyon", "Grand canynon", "Grand Canyon", "Canon of Colorado", "ongtupqa", "colorado canyon", "grand canyon az", "grand canynon", "Grand Canyon (Ariz.)", "Grand canyon" ]

[ { "id": "13127401", "score": "1.6929119", "text": "mountain lion and enjoy the scenery. The canyon was created by the Colorado River cutting a channel over millions of years, and is about long, ranges in width from and attains a depth of more than . Nearly two billion years of the Earth's history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut through layer after layer of sediment as the Colorado Plateau uplifted. Arizona is home to one of the most well-preserved meteorite impact sites in the world. Created around 50,000 years ago, the Barringer Meteorite Crater (better known simply as \"Meteor Crater\") is a gigantic", "title": "Arizona" }, { "id": "12365729", "score": "1.5921315", "text": "which the park is a part, by about 1.7 billion years. The schist is exposed in the Rincon Mountain District along a dry wash off Cactus Forest Loop Drive. Other ancient rocks, 1.4-billion-year-old altered granites, form much of Tanque Verde Ridge in the Rincon Mountain District. Much later, about 600 million years ago, shallow seas covered the region around present-day Tucson; over time that led to deposition of sedimentary rocks—limestones, sandstones, and shales. Limestone, which occurs in the park in several places, was mined here in the late 19th century to make mortar. The future park land had six lime", "title": "Saguaro National Park" }, { "id": "2664345", "score": "1.5533078", "text": "sediment eroded during the formation of the Grand Canyon spilled into the Salton Trough. Little by little, the ancestral Colorado River built a massive river delta across the sea way. Fossil hardwoods from the deltaic sands and associated coastal plain deposits suggest the region received three times as much rainfall as now. The Anza-Borrego region gradually changed from a predominately marine environment into a system of interrelated terrestrial habitats. North of the Colorado River Delta and intermittently fed by the river, a sequence of lakes and dry lakes has persisted for over three million years. At the same time, sediments", "title": "Anza-Borrego Desert State Park" }, { "id": "20794147", "score": "1.5370941", "text": "the Grand Canyon, in Salt River Canyon, and in mountain ranges throughout the state. Arizona's oldest rocks overall are metamorphosed volcanic rocks, including basalt and rhyolite and related sedimentary rocks, that now constitute the bottom of the Grand Canyon and formed beginning 1.8 billion years ago. The Verde district at Jerome, in Yavapai County also preserves rocks from this period. There, ancient submarine hydrothermal vents precipitated sulfides directly onto an ancient seabed, creating massive copper and zinc ore sulfide deposits. The Mazatzal orogeny occurred from 1.7 to 1.61 billion years ago. During this event, igneous rocks that were more enriched", "title": "Geology of Arizona" }, { "id": "20794151", "score": "1.5299015", "text": "by the 850 million year old, Neoproterozoic Chuar Group and Sixtymile Formation sedimentary rocks. The Great Unconformity is a famous gap in the stratigraphic record of the Grand Canyon of 900 million years between Proterozoic granitic rocks and Cambrian marine sediments. For the remaining 350 million years of the Proterozoic, Arizona experienced extensive erosion, with only a few areas of sediment deposition in down-dropped basins. Throughout the Paleozoic as multi-cellular life became common, Arizona formed the passive western margin of North America. Although the region was tectonically quiet and had no volcanic activity or igneous intrusions, it was impacted by", "title": "Geology of Arizona" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wildfire" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "National Security Agency" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Nova episodes\n\n\"Nova\" is an American science documentary television series produced by WGBH Boston for PBS. Many of the programs in this list were not originally produced for PBS, but were acquired from other sources such as the BBC. All acquired programs are edited for \"Nova\", if only to provide American English narration and additional voice of interpreters (translating from another language).<ref name=\"wilford\" />\nMost of the episodes aired in a 60-minute time slot.\n\nIn 2005, \"Nova\" began airing some episodes titled \"NOVA scienceNOW\", which followed a newsmagazine style format. For two seasons, \"NOVA scienceNOW\" episodes aired in the same time slot as \"Nova\". In 2008, \"NOVA scienceNOW\" was officially declared its own series and given its own time slot. Therefore, \"NOVA scienceNOW\" episodes are not included in this list.\n\n", "title": "List of Nova episodes" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Unusual articles" }, { "id": "1956780", "score": "1.5209997", "text": "of the park, Cottonwood Wash and Jim Camp Wash flow into the Little Colorado River. Petrified Forest National Park is known for its fossils, especially of fallen trees that lived in the Late Triassic period of the Mesozoic era, about 225 million years ago. During this period, the region that is now the park was near the equator on the southwestern edge of the supercontinent Pangaea, and its climate was humid and sub-tropical. What later became northeastern Arizona was a low plain flanked by mountains to the south and southeast and a sea to the west. Streams flowing across the", "title": "Petrified Forest National Park" }, { "id": "1528497", "score": "1.5155201", "text": "in Utah and the San Pedro River valley in Arizona and Sonora, supported extensive reaches of grassland roamed by large mammals such as buffalo and antelope as late as the 1860s. Near Tucson, Arizona, \"where now there is only powder-dry desert, the grass once reached as high as the head of a man on horse back\". Rivers and streams in the Colorado basin were once home to 49 species of native fish, of which 42 were endemic. Engineering projects and river regulation have led to the extinction of four species and severe declines in the populations of 40 species. Bonytail", "title": "Colorado River" }, { "id": "1528389", "score": "1.5091896", "text": "as 2 billion years. The of the river that flow through the Grand Canyon are largely encompassed by Grand Canyon National Park and are known for their difficult whitewater, separated by pools that reach up to in depth. At the lower end of Grand Canyon, the Colorado widens into Lake Mead, the largest reservoir in the continental United States, formed by Hoover Dam on the border of Arizona and Nevada. Situated southeast of metropolitan Las Vegas, the dam is an integral component for management of the Colorado River, controlling floods and storing water for farms and cities in the lower", "title": "Colorado River" }, { "id": "9328450", "score": "1.5045322", "text": "one of the proposed dams would be at Echo Park, in the middle of Dinosaur National Monument. The controversy assumed major proportions, dominating conservation politics for years. David Brower, executive director of the Sierra Club, and Zahniser representing The Wilderness Society led an unprecedented nationwide campaign to preserve the free-flowing rivers and scenic canyons of the Green and Yampa rivers. They worried that damaging a national monument would be a bad precedent for attempts to preserve other wilderness areas. Powerful members of Congress and their constituents in western states were committed to the Colorado River Storage Project in order to", "title": "Howard Zahniser" }, { "id": "3053594", "score": "1.5027165", "text": "Uinkaret volcanic field (in the western Grand Canyon) about 3 million years ago. Over 150 flows of basaltic lava dammed the Colorado River at least 13 times from 725,000 to 100,000 years ago. The dams typically formed in weeks, were long, high (thicker upstream and thinner downstream) and had volumes of . The longevity of the dams and their ability to hold Colorado River water in large lakes has been debated. In one hypothesis water from the Colorado River backed up behind the dams in large lakes that extended as far as Moab, Utah. Dams were overtopped in short time;", "title": "Geology of the Grand Canyon area" }, { "id": "575139", "score": "1.4971391", "text": "the scenery. Nearly two billion years of Earth's geological history have been exposed as the Colorado River and its tributaries cut their channels through layer after layer of rock while the Colorado Plateau was uplifted. While some aspects about the history of incision of the canyon are debated by geologists, several recent studies support the hypothesis that the Colorado River established its course through the area about 5 to 6 million years ago. Since that time, the Colorado River has driven the down-cutting of the tributaries and retreat of the cliffs, simultaneously deepening and widening the canyon. For thousands of", "title": "Grand Canyon" }, { "id": "1528476", "score": "1.4968959", "text": "believed that he was personally responsible for the failure to prevent Glen Canyon's flooding, calling it his \"greatest mistake, greatest sin\". Agricultural and urban growth in Arizona eventually outstripped the capacity of local rivers; these concerns were reflected in the creation of a Pacific Southwest Water Plan in the 1950s, which aimed to build a project that would permit Arizona to fully utilize its allotment of the river. The Pacific Southwest Water Plan was the first major proposal to divert water to the Colorado Basin from other river basins – namely, from the wetter northwestern United States. It was intended", "title": "Colorado River" }, { "id": "2765186", "score": "1.4954877", "text": "When the San Juan Basin filled and overflowed, it formed an outflow channel west into the old Dolores River bed, establishing the San Juan River's modern course. Tectonic forces about 2–3 million years ago caused the terrain to rise across the Monument Upwarp in southeast Utah and northeast Arizona, and the river maintained its course as an antecedent stream. The Monument Upwarp consists of a series of parallel anticlines and synclines running generally north to south, in an area roughly long and wide; where the river passes through these formations it has sliced deep canyons through the distinctively reddish rock.", "title": "San Juan River (Colorado River tributary)" }, { "id": "2169411", "score": "1.4931474", "text": "quickened the rate of canyon excavation along with other erosion. Similar types of erosion are ongoing, but occur at a slower rate. Canyonlands National Park Canyonlands National Park is an American national park located in southeastern Utah near the town of Moab. The park preserves a colorful landscape eroded into countless canyons, mesas, and buttes by the Colorado River, the Green River, and their respective tributaries. Legislation creating the park was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on September 12, 1964. The park is divided into four districts: the Island in the Sky, the Needles, the Maze, and the", "title": "Canyonlands National Park" }, { "id": "1528413", "score": "1.4927181", "text": "years to evaporate after the Colorado resumed flowing to the Gulf. The present-day Salton Sea can be considered the most recent incarnation of Lake Cahuilla, though on a much smaller scale. Between 1.8 million and 10,000 years ago, massive flows of basalt from the Uinkaret volcanic field in northern Arizona dammed the Colorado River within the Grand Canyon. At least 13 lava dams were formed, the largest of which was more than high, backing the river up for nearly to present-day Moab, Utah. The lack of associated sediment deposits along this stretch of the Colorado River, which would have accumulated", "title": "Colorado River" }, { "id": "2264849", "score": "1.4877927", "text": "California). In the 1940s and early 1950s, the United States Bureau of Reclamation planned to construct a series of Colorado River dams in the rugged Colorado Plateau province of Colorado, Utah, and Arizona. Glen Canyon Dam was born of a controversial damsite the Bureau selected in Echo Park, in what is now Dinosaur National Monument in Colorado. A small but politically effective group of objectors led by David Brower of the Sierra Club succeeded in defeating the Bureau's bid, citing Echo Park's natural and scenic qualities as too valuable to submerge. By agreeing to a relocated damsite near Lee's Ferry", "title": "Lake Powell" }, { "id": "2169390", "score": "1.4847286", "text": "Canyonlands National Park Canyonlands National Park is an American national park located in southeastern Utah near the town of Moab. The park preserves a colorful landscape eroded into countless canyons, mesas, and buttes by the Colorado River, the Green River, and their respective tributaries. Legislation creating the park was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on September 12, 1964. The park is divided into four districts: the Island in the Sky, the Needles, the Maze, and the combined rivers—the Green and Colorado—which carved two large canyons into the Colorado Plateau. While these areas share a primitive desert atmosphere, each", "title": "Canyonlands National Park" }, { "id": "2169410", "score": "1.4843929", "text": "forming the Carmel Formation and the Entrada Sandstone was laid down next. A long period of erosion stripped away most of the San Rafael Group in the area along with any formations that may have been laid down in the Cretaceous period. The Laramide orogeny started to uplift the Rocky Mountains 70 million years ago and with it the Canyonlands region. Erosion intensified and when the Colorado River Canyon reached the salt beds of the Paradox Formation the overlying strata extended toward the river canyon, forming features such as The Grabens. Increased precipitation during the ice ages of the Pleistocene", "title": "Canyonlands National Park" }, { "id": "7707917", "score": "1.4837494", "text": "revenue and energy for communities in the Lower Basin of the Colorado River without using much of the Upper Basin's river water. The primary focus of the project was the Central Arizona Project (CAP). CAP supporters, among other demands, wanted to build two dams, one that would flood Grand Canyon National Monument and part of Grand Canyon National Park (Bridge Canyon Dam), with the other on the edge of the Grand Canyon (Marble Canyon Dam). Aspinall originally supported this, claiming it would generate revenue for all Colorado River Basin states. In turn, however, he demanded that his district receive five", "title": "Wayne N. Aspinall" }, { "id": "12365730", "score": "1.4802942", "text": "kilns, two in the Tucson Mountain District, and four in the Rincon Mountain District. Three, all in the Rincon Mountain District, can be visited today—two along the Cactus Forest Trail and one along the Ruiz Trail. About 80 million years ago tectonic plate movements induced a period of mountain building, the Laramide orogeny, which lasted until about 50 million years ago in western North America. Explosive volcanic eruptions formed the Tucson Mountains about 70 million years ago, and the roof of the volcano at their center collapsed to form a caldera across. The caldera was eventually filled by debris flows,", "title": "Saguaro National Park" } ]

[ "Lilliput & Blefuscu", "Lilliputians", "lilliputian", "Blefuscu", "endian war", "Endian War", "Lilliput and Blefuscu", "blefuscu", "Lilliputian", "lilliputians", "lilliput and blefuscu", "lilliput blefuscu" ]

[ { "id": "13575723", "score": "1.5362047", "text": "tiny people. After the citizens claim him to be dangerous because of his huge size, he is captured and imprisoned in a cave. Here, he meets another prisoner named Horatio who was jailed by General Edward because he loves Princess Mary of Lilliput, whereas Edward also wants her. After the island across from Lilliput, Blefuscia, infiltrates commandos to kidnap Princess Mary, Gulliver manages to break free of the plough-machine he is forced to work and then rescues the princess from being kidnapped. Gulliver also saves her father, King Theodore from a fire by urinating on it. Gulliver is declared a", "title": "Gulliver's Travels (2010 film)" }, { "id": "8798454", "score": "1.4859257", "text": "Petya's book. Petya falls asleep while reading and finds himself in the world described in the book. In the dream Petya travels by ship but during sailing his vessel is attacked by pirates. Together with three captives the boy fights with them and wins, but at this moment the pirate ship crashes into the rocks. The teenager recovers ashore, surrounded and tied up by Liliputians. He is put to sleep with a potion. At this time in the parliament there is a debate on what to do with the new Gulliver. Ministers on behalf of the king make the decision", "title": "The New Gulliver" }, { "id": "13575726", "score": "1.483346", "text": "Gulliver admit to the people that he is \"just the guy from the mail-room\" and nothing more. Edward banishes Gulliver on the shores of \"the island where we dare not go\" (Brobdingnag). There, he is snatched up by a \"little\" girl (Glumdalclitch) who towers over him. She captures him easily by trapping him inside a glass cup. When Gulliver wakes up, he finds himself dressed up in a pink dress and is played with by the \"little\" girl, which ends with him being tucked in bed. Horatio, who has gone to find Gulliver after being spurned by Mary, reveals to", "title": "Gulliver's Travels (2010 film)" }, { "id": "6365339", "score": "1.4266171", "text": "dangles a fake spider attached to a fishing rod, which scares Mickey out of his wits. As soon as Mickey had managed to struggle to be free from the spider's long legs, he immediately gets the spider away. But in Mickey's story, he is battling a cushion making feathers fly everywhere! This short would later be adapted as part of the Timeless River world in \"Kingdom Hearts II\" as a mission where Sora, Donald Duck and Goofy protect the town from the Heartless, led by one attacking from an airplane. Gulliver Mickey Gulliver Mickey is a black and white Mickey", "title": "Gulliver Mickey" }, { "id": "532479", "score": "1.4097562", "text": "a people who revel in displays of authority and performances of power. Gulliver assists the Lilliputians to subdue their neighbours the Blefuscudians by stealing their fleet. However, he refuses to reduce the island nation of Blefuscu to a province of Lilliput, displeasing the King and the royal court. Gulliver is charged with treason for, among other crimes, urinating in the capital though he was putting out a fire. He is convicted and sentenced to be blinded. With the assistance of a kind friend, \"a considerable person at court\", he escapes to Blefuscu. Here, he spots and retrieves an abandoned boat", "title": "Gulliver's Travels" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Gulliver's Travels (2010 film)\n\nGulliver's Travels is a 2010 American fantasy adventure comedy film directed by Rob Letterman in his live-action directorial debut, produced by John Davis and Gregory Goodman, written by Joe Stillman and Nicholas Stoller with music by Henry Jackman. It is very loosely based on Part One of the 1726 novel of the same name by Jonathan Swift, though the film takes place in the modern day. It stars Jack Black in the title role, Jason Segel, Emily Blunt, Amanda Peet, Billy Connolly, Chris O'Dowd, T.J Miller, James Corden and Catherine Tate, and is exclusively distributed by 20th Century Fox.\n\nThe film was theatrically released on December 25, 2010, in the United States. Even though the film received generally negative reviews, it earned $237.4 million on a $112 million budget.", "title": "Gulliver's Travels (2010 film)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Gulliver's Travels\n\nGulliver's Travels, or Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships is a 1726 prose satire by the Anglo-Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift, satirising both human nature and the \"travellers' tales\" literary subgenre. It is Swift's best known full-length work, and a classic of English literature. Swift claimed that he wrote \"Gulliver's Travels\" \"to vex the world rather than divert it\".\n\nThe book was an immediate success. The English dramatist John Gay remarked: \"It is universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery.\" In 2015, Robert McCrum released his selection list of 100 best novels of all time, where he called \"Gulliver's Travels\" \"a satirical masterpiece\".", "title": "Gulliver's Travels" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Lilliput and Blefuscu\n\nLilliput and Blefuscu are two fictional island nations that appear in the first part of the 1726 novel \"Gulliver's Travels\" by Jonathan Swift. The two islands are neighbours in the South Indian Ocean, separated by a channel wide. Both are inhabited by tiny people who are about . Both are empires, i.e. realms ruled by an emperor. The capital of Lilliput is Mildendo. In some pictures, the islands are arranged like an egg, as a reference to their egg-dominated histories and cultures.", "title": "Lilliput and Blefuscu" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The New Gulliver\n\nThe New Gulliver (, \"Novyy Gullivyer\") is a Soviet stop motion-animated cartoon, and the first to make such extensive use of puppet animation, running almost all the way through the film (it begins and ends with short live-action sequences). The film was released in 1935 to widespread acclaim and earned director Aleksandr Ptushko a special prize at the International Cinema Festival in Milan. The part of Gulliver was played by Vladimir Konstantinov, who was born in 1920 and died in 1944 near Tallinn in the Second World War. This was his first and only film role.", "title": "The New Gulliver" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Gullivera" }, { "id": "6540555", "score": "1.3975439", "text": "comforted her spirits. The wind was cold, and Gulliver requested Glumdalclitch to be put back in his box. She did, as Glumdalclitch gave him a loving kiss, and hug, puts Gulliver in, and left for a walk. Although, at one point, it subsequently gets snatched up into the air by a giant eagle! Gulliver sees the flying land of Laputa and signals them to pick him up. They do so and he immediately befriends the Rajah (Shashi Kapoor) and Prince Munodi (Navin Chowdhry) where Prince Munodi is considered an idiot. He converses with two astronomers and learns of the way", "title": "Gulliver's Travels (miniseries)" }, { "id": "6540554", "score": "1.3948011", "text": "who is envious of not being considered the \"smallest man in the kingdom\". The dwarf sends him some giant wasps to kill Gulliver, but Gulliver is swift enough to kill them. He then extracts a wasp's sting and makes a dagger from it. Meanwhile, Glumdalclitch eventually falls in love with Gulliver and wishes to marry him. Gulliver softly rejects her advances and asks her to free him. So, she took him to the Brobdingnag beaches where Gulliver searched for ships on the horizon. Sadly, there wasn't one to be seen. Glumdalclitch knows she'll missed Gulliver very much as he himself", "title": "Gulliver's Travels (miniseries)" }, { "id": "8088859", "score": "1.3723357", "text": "the capital. In the next morning, Gulliver awakens and breaks himself free; but when they see that the invading Blefuscuians are intimidated by his size, the Lilliputians enlist his help against their neighbor, treating him with hospitality and making him a new set of clothes. King Bombo, who has sent three spies, Sneak, Snoop, and Snitch, into Lilliput, orders them to kill Gulliver, whereupon the spies steal Gulliver's flintlock pistol, confiscated by the Lilliputians, and prepare to use it against him. Meanwhile, Gulliver learns of the war's cause from Glory and David, and proposes a new song that combines the", "title": "Gulliver's Travels (1939 film)" }, { "id": "13575722", "score": "1.3631008", "text": "mailroom\", he plagiarises a report from other publications on the internet. The next day, Darcy, impressed by his writing, presents Gulliver with a new task – to travel to the Bermuda Triangle and write an article about the legends of ships mysteriously disappearing there. Upon arrival in Bermuda, Gulliver rents a boat and travels into the triangle. After falling asleep at the helm of his ship, he's caught in a freak storm and the boat is overwhelmed by a waterspout. He washes up unconscious on the shore of Lilliput, where he is immediately confirmed as a \"beast\" by the town's", "title": "Gulliver's Travels (2010 film)" }, { "id": "8088860", "score": "1.361866", "text": "two proposed by their fathers. When the spies assure King Bombo that they can kill Gulliver, Bombo announces by carrier pigeon that he will attack at dawn. Gabby intercepts this message and warns the Lilliputians, but is himself captured by the spies and stuffed in a sack, who prepare the pistol. As the Blefuscuian fleet approaches Lilliput, Gulliver ties them together and draws them disarmed to shore. The spies fire at Gulliver from a cliff, but Prince David diverts the shot and falls to his apparent death. Using David's body to illustrate his point, Gulliver scolds both Lilliput and Blefuscu", "title": "Gulliver's Travels (1939 film)" }, { "id": "7151090", "score": "1.3583996", "text": "him as a threatening giant. The Lilliputians are afraid of Gulliver and tie him down with stakes to the beach, but he eases their fears by performing several acts of kindness. An old quarrel between Lilliput and neighboring Blefuscu is revived, and Gulliver lends a hand by towing Blefuscu's warships far out to sea. Lilliput's Emperor (Basil Sydney) then views the giant as a threat to his throne after Gulliver is critical of the reasons for the war. Gulliver escapes in a boat he had previously built when the Emperor orders his execution. He makes his way to a large", "title": "The 3 Worlds of Gulliver" }, { "id": "7151093", "score": "1.3559101", "text": "his pet crocodile against Gulliver, who is able to slay the creature. The King orders him burned, but Glumdalclitch saves Gulliver and Elizabeth from the pursuing Brobdingnagians by placing them in her sewing basket and tossing the basket into a brook that flows out to the sea. Gulliver and Elizabeth wake on a beach with Glumdalclitch's small basket behind them. A passer-by of their own size indicates they are only a short distance from their home in England. Elizabeth asks if it had all been a dream. Gulliver, now happy to settle down with Elizabeth, replies that the bad qualities", "title": "The 3 Worlds of Gulliver" }, { "id": "13575727", "score": "1.3523314", "text": "Gulliver that Darcy has been imprisoned by the Blefuscians when she is lost in the Bermuda Triangle in the same manner as Gulliver. Gulliver narrowly escapes with him, using a parachute that he took from the skeleton of a dead U.S. Air Force pilot (presumably from Flight 19) sitting in the dollhouse. Once again accepting a duel from Edward, this time not only for Lilliput's freedom but for its fate as well – as Edward threatens to destroy it should Gulliver fail – Gulliver ultimately defeats him with the assistance of Horatio, who disables the machine's electrocuting weapon. Horatio is", "title": "Gulliver's Travels (2010 film)" }, { "id": "7151092", "score": "1.3514167", "text": "After the wedding. Gulliver and Elizabeth go outside to celebrate but are attacked by a giant squirrel, which drags Gulliver into its burrow. Glumdalclitch, however, is alerted and saves Gulliver by pulling him out of the burrow using her hair. When Gulliver later defeats the King at Chess and cures the Queen (Mary Ellis) of a simple stomach-ache, Prime Minister Makovan (Charles Lloyd-Pack) accuses Gulliver of witchcraft. Gulliver's attempts at explaining science to them, but this is taken as further \"proof\". After being forced to say what the King wanted to hear from him, he orders his execution and pits", "title": "The 3 Worlds of Gulliver" }, { "id": "532519", "score": "1.3499005", "text": "so accustomed to consider himself a giant among them, that as he walked along the Streets of London he could not help crying out to carriages and passers-by to be careful and get out of his way for fear he should crush them, imagining that they were little and he was still a giant...' The book was very popular upon release and was commonly discussed within social circles. Public reception widely varied, with the book receiving an initially enthusiastic reaction with readers praising its satire, and some reporting that the satire's cleverness sounded like a realistic account of a man's", "title": "Gulliver's Travels" }, { "id": "532517", "score": "1.3490571", "text": "known as \"Lilliput Lane\". The smallest light bulb fitting (5mm diameter) in the Edison screw series is called the \"Lilliput Edison screw\". In Dutch and Czech, the words \"Lilliputter\" and \"liliput(á)n\" respectively are used for adults shorter than 1.30 meters. Conversely, \"Brobdingnagian\" appears in the Oxford English Dictionary as a synonym for \"very large\" or \"gigantic\". In like vein, the term \"yahoo\" is often encountered as a synonym for \"ruffian\" or \"thug\". In the Oxford English Dictionary it is considered a definition for \"a rude, noisy, or violent person\" and its origins attributed to Swift's \"Gulliver's Travels.\" In the discipline", "title": "Gulliver's Travels" }, { "id": "6060634", "score": "1.3439445", "text": "see. After an early escape attempt he was recaptured while drinking from a spring. According to Dengler he was tortured in retaliation: I had escaped from them, [and] they wanted to get even. He was hung upside down by his ankles with a nest of biting ants over his face until he lost consciousness, suspended in a freezing well at night - so that if sleep came, he might drown. On other occasions he was dragged through villages by a water buffalo, to the amusement of his guards, as they goaded the animal with a whip. He was asked by", "title": "Dieter Dengler" }, { "id": "8088858", "score": "1.338012", "text": "terror and rushes back to Lilliput to warn King Little of a \"giant on the beach\". But Little and King Bombo of Blefescu are signing a wedding contract between their children, Princess Glory and Prince David of Blefuscu, respectively.. All is fine until an argument starts over which national anthem is to be played at the wedding. The argument cancels the wedding and starts a war. After several failures, Gabby tells King Little of the \"giant\", and leads a mob to the beach to capture him. There, the Lilliputians tie Gulliver to a wagon on which they convey him to", "title": "Gulliver's Travels (1939 film)" }, { "id": "7151091", "score": "1.3318503", "text": "isle Brobdingnag, unaware that it was inhabited by Brobdingnagians, a race of 60 foot giants. After making shore, he encounters a very kind 40 foot peasant brobdingnagian girl named Glumdalclitch (Sherry Alberoni) finds him on the shore and carries him to the castle of King Brob (Grégoire Aslan) Their law requires that all tiny people be brought to the King, who has a collection of \"tiny animals\". Gulliver is delighted to find Elizabeth, who was washed ashore following a shipwreck. The King installs the two in a dollhouse and lets Glumdalclitch look after them. The King marries Gulliver and Elizabeth.", "title": "The 3 Worlds of Gulliver" }, { "id": "532481", "score": "1.3239522", "text": "brings Gulliver home and the farmer's daughter Glumdalclitch cares for Gulliver. The giant-sized farmer treats him as a curiosity and exhibits him for money. After a while the constant shows make Gulliver sick, and the farmer sells him to the queen of the realm. Glumdalclitch (who accompanied her father while exhibiting Gulliver) is taken into the Queen of Brobdingnag's service to take care of the tiny man. Since Gulliver is too small to use their huge chairs, beds, knives and forks, the Queen of Brobdingnag commissions a small house to be built for him so that he can be carried", "title": "Gulliver's Travels" } ]

[ "they become werewolves", "They become werewolves" ]

[ { "id": "8392291", "score": "1.5650885", "text": "without unconsciousness, and it is not clear if he has an intermediate \"swanman\" form, because he was a shifter due to a curse. Lycanthropy is a blood-borne affliction. It can usually be contracted only through a wound from a were who has at least partially shifted to animal form. Injecting lycanthrope blood directly into the body will also spread the disease, and can be spread metaphysically (e.g. via mental contact with Marmee Noir). The process of becoming a lycanthrope has been described academically and as memory in the series, but not observed in the timeline. Each species-specific strain of the", "title": "Shapeshifter (Anita Blake mythology)" }, { "id": "8392302", "score": "1.4727573", "text": "were animal to become a were. The victim always becomes the same type of were animal that damaged them, although there are extremely rare cases where a victim may be able to take on more than one animal form. Not all lycanthrope wounds end in the victim contracting the \"curse\". Cat- and snake-based lycanthropy are more difficult to contract generally than other forms, but it is unclear how much more difficult or whether the type, amount or depth of wounds makes any difference. The first sign of having contracted lycanthropy is unusually fast healing, often even of wounds that should", "title": "Shapeshifter (Anita Blake mythology)" }, { "id": "8392335", "score": "1.4719617", "text": "lycanthropes as possible before dying, so he ended up contracting multiple types of lycanthropy, finally ending up in the Amazon where he finally contracted wereanaconda, but he managed to survive his mission and ended up transforming under the moonlight into several wereanimals. The tribe he had been sent to kill revered him as a god for his ability to transform to multiple forms. However, Orlando suffered Dissociative Identity Disorder prior to his contraction of lycanthropy and the multiple strains of wereanimals allowed his multiple identities (\"multiple personalities\") to manifest physically. Further, he seemed to incorporate identities from some of his", "title": "Shapeshifter (Anita Blake mythology)" }, { "id": "2978306", "score": "1.432183", "text": "manifestation of clinical lycanthropy. Neurologist Andrew J. Larner has written that the fate of Odysseus's crew due to the magic of Circe may be one of the earliest examples of clinical lycanthropy. Also, it is believed that the king of Armenia Tiridates III also suffered from this disorder. He was cured by Gregory the Illuminator. According to Persian tradition, the Buyid prince Majd ad-Dawla was suffering from an illusion that he was a cow. He was cured by Avicenna. Notions that lycanthropy was due to a medical condition go back to the seventh century, when the Alexandrian physician Paulus Aegineta", "title": "Clinical lycanthropy" }, { "id": "461528", "score": "1.422317", "text": "a transmittable disease like rabies. However, the idea that lycanthropy could be transmitted in this way is not part of the original myths and legends and only appears in relatively recent beliefs. Lycanthropy can also be met with as the main content of a delusion, for example, the case of a woman has been reported who during episodes of acute psychosis complained of becoming four different species of animals. The beliefs classed together under lycanthropy are far from uniform, and the term is somewhat capriciously applied. The transformation may be temporary or permanent; the were-animal may be the man himself", "title": "Werewolf" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of The Originals characters\n\n\"The Originals\" is an American fantasy-drama television series picked up by The CW television network for their fall 2013 schedule, after a backdoor pilot for the series aired as an episode of The CW series \"The Vampire Diaries\" in April 2013. collectively known as \"original vampires\", or simply the \"originals\". \"The Originals\" is set in the city of New Orleans. It was created by Julie Plec.<ref name=\"V-greenlight\" /><ref name=\"THR-greenlight\" />", "title": "List of The Originals characters" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Hammer House of Horror\n\nHammer House of Horror is a British television series made in 1980. An anthology series created by Hammer Films in association with Cinema Arts International and ITC Entertainment, it consists of 13 hour-long episodes, originally broadcast on ITV.\n\nEach self-contained episode features a different kind of horror. These vary from witches, werewolves and ghosts to devil-worship and voodoo, but also include non-supernatural horror themes such as cannibalism, confinement and serial killers. In 2003 Channel 4 placed \"Hammer House of Horror\" at No. 50 in its \"100 Scariest Moments\" show. The clip shown was the children's party scene in \"The House That Bled to Death\".\n\nEpisodes were directed by Alan Gibson, Peter Sasdy and Tom Clegg, among others, and the story editor was Anthony Read. Hammer regular Peter Cushing appears in his final Hammer production in episode 7, titled \"The Silent Scream\".", "title": "Hammer House of Horror" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "H. P. Lovecraft - Wikiquote" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Morgan le Fay in modern culture\n\nThe Matter of Britain character Morgan le Fay (often known as Morgana, and sometimes also as Morgaine and other names) has been featured many times in various works of modern culture, often but not always appearing in villainous roles. Some modern stories merge Morgana's character with her sister Morgause or with aspects of Nimue (the Lady of the Lake). Her manifestations and the roles given to her by modern authors vary greatly, but typically she is being portrayed as a villainess associated with Mordred.\n\nHer stereotypical image, then, is of a seductive, megalomaniacal, power-hungry sorceress who wishes to rule Camelot and overthrow King Arthur, and is a fierce rival of the mage Merlin. Contemporary interpretations of the Arthurian myth sometimes assign to Morgana the role of seducing Arthur and giving birth to the wicked knight Mordred, though traditionally his mother was Morgause, Morgana's sister; in these works Mordred is often her pawn, used to bring about the end of the Arthurian age. Examples of modern Arthurian works featuring Morgana in a role a major antagonist include characters in both the DC Comics (Morgaine le Fey) and Marvel Comics (Morgan le Fay) comic book universes. Some other Arthurian fiction, however, casts Morgana in the various positive or at least more ambivalent roles, and some have her as a protagonist and sometimes a narrator.", "title": "Morgan le Fay in modern culture" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of characters in mythology novels by Rick Riordan\n\nA description of most characters featured in various mythology series by Rick Riordan.\n", "title": "List of characters in mythology novels by Rick Riordan" }, { "id": "461536", "score": "1.4104645", "text": "of Central America; but though there is no line of demarcation to be drawn on logical grounds, the assumed power of the magician and the intimate association of the bush-soul or the \"nagual\" with a human being are not termed lycanthropy. The curse of lycanthropy was also considered by some scholars as being a divine punishment. Werewolf literature shows many examples of God or saints allegedly cursing those who invoked their wrath with werewolfism. Such is the case of Lycaon, who was turned into a wolf by Zeus as punishment for slaughtering one of his own sons and serving his", "title": "Werewolf" }, { "id": "2978302", "score": "1.3907627", "text": "with its behavioral consequences. It also seems that lycanthropy is not specific to an experience of human-to-wolf transformation; a wide variety of creatures have been reported as part of the shape-shifting experience. A review of the medical literature from early 2004 lists over thirty published cases of lycanthropy, only the minority of which have wolf or dog themes. Canines are certainly not uncommon, although the experience of being transformed into a hyena, cat, horse, bird or tiger has been reported on more than one occasion. Transformation into frogs, and even bees, has been reported in some instances. In Japan, transformation", "title": "Clinical lycanthropy" }, { "id": "2978307", "score": "1.3801658", "text": "attributed lycanthropy to Melancholia or an \"excess of black bile\". During 1563, a Lutheran physician named Johann Weyer wrote that werewolves suffered from an imbalance in their melancholic humour and exhibited the physical symptoms of paleness, \"a dry tongue and a great thirst\" as well as sunken, dim and dry eyes. Even King James VI and I in his 1597 treatise \"Daemonologie\" does not blame werewolf behaviour on delusions created by the Devil but \"an excess of melancholy as the culprit which causes some men to believe that they are wolves and to 'counterfeit' the actions of these animals\". The", "title": "Clinical lycanthropy" }, { "id": "8392292", "score": "1.3795695", "text": "contagion is separate and hostile to all other diseases, including other forms of lycanthropy and vampirism. This hostility is instantaneous from exposure, usually precluding infection from multiple forms of lycanthropy as successive forms are quickly destroyed by the entrenched strain. Under normal circumstances, lycanthropes are therefore immune to all disease. There are an extremely small minority of incidences (described as fewer than 20 documented cases world-wide at one point in the series) where multiple forms of lycanthropy appear able to coexist in the same host. There are also apparently ancient forms of vampirism/lycanthropy that can coexist, allowing for lycanthropes who", "title": "Shapeshifter (Anita Blake mythology)" }, { "id": "8392289", "score": "1.377361", "text": "recognizes the authority of lycanthrope social groups (packs, pards, etc.) -- whether criminal acts undertaken at the order of one's alpha might be regarded as actions taken under duress, for instance—is similarly unclear. Lycanthropes can assume at least two forms - human and animal. Powerful shifters can also assume a \"hybrid\" form that is bipedal with animal characteristics or even transform a small part of their body at will (for example, \"growing\" fingers into claws). Changing between forms takes a great deal of energy; most lycanthropes must feed immediately after changing to animal form and collapse into a comatose state", "title": "Shapeshifter (Anita Blake mythology)" }, { "id": "8325160", "score": "1.3702592", "text": "considered protectors of the elven lands. In the Forgotten Realms, many werewolves worship Malar. They may help hunters and others who worship or pay homage to Malar by hunting for them during Winter in areas where this is a concern. Packs of werebeings who worship Malar, will engage in what is called a \"High Hunt\" in which a human is hunted. If the human evades the pack, they are given one boon. If the human is captured, it will be slain, and eaten. Beings who have been infected with lycanthropy can control or remove the curse by the administration of", "title": "Lycanthrope (Dungeons & Dragons)" }, { "id": "2978300", "score": "1.3665359", "text": "Clinical lycanthropy Clinical lycanthropy is defined as a rare psychiatric syndrome that involves a delusion that the affected person can transform into, has transformed into, or is a non-human animal. Its name is associated with the mythical condition of lycanthropy, a supernatural affliction in which humans are said to physically shapeshift into wolves. It is purported to be a rare disorder. Affected individuals believe that they are in the process of transforming into an animal or have already transformed into an animal. It has been associated with the altered states of mind that accompany psychosis (the mental state that typically", "title": "Clinical lycanthropy" }, { "id": "8392327", "score": "1.3616946", "text": "to someone not worthy. Tiger lycanthropy is one of the harder-to-catch strains. It is also one of the few that can be inherited, as well as caught. Tigers tend not to announce they are infected and entire families may stay in \"the closet.\" Tigers have forced their clan members to marry other clan members, sometimes to keep the strain amongst themselves. Most have arranged marriages, they have been known to abduct known tigers, if an arranged marriage cannot be done. They are also a matriarchal (led by a woman/queen) society, unlike most of the other lycanthrope societies which are patriarchal", "title": "Shapeshifter (Anita Blake mythology)" }, { "id": "8392290", "score": "1.36102", "text": "for several hours after returning to human form. Stronger lycanthropes do not need to feed immediately or collapse, but are extremely tired. The lycanthropes Anita encounters most frequently can change shape almost at will. Lycanthropes who spend too much time in animal form may not be able to shift back completely. As a result, some of the lycanthropes Anita meets have fangs or voices or eyes resembling their animal form, even when in human shape. Other shapeshifters may have different forms available, and may experience different effects. For example, is able to shift back and forth to his swan form", "title": "Shapeshifter (Anita Blake mythology)" }, { "id": "8325158", "score": "1.3566728", "text": "aware of their actions and act as aggressive predators. Lycanthropes can assume the form of an animal/humanoid hybrid, in addition to their animal form. Most lycanthropes in animal form can communicate with animals of their type. In humanoid form, they can use any weapon, and in animal form they use natural weapons like the corresponding animals, but each type has a different fighting style in hybrid form. Like many examples of werewolves in modern fiction, \"D&D\"'s werewolves and other lycanthropes are vulnerable to silver and highly resistant to other kinds of harm. The following lycanthropes are described in every edition", "title": "Lycanthrope (Dungeons & Dragons)" }, { "id": "2978304", "score": "1.3523962", "text": "a rare condition and is largely considered to be an idiosyncratic expression of a psychotic episode caused by another condition such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or clinical depression. However, there are suggestions that certain neurological conditions and cultural influences may result in the expression of the human-animal transformation theme that defines the condition. One important factor may be differences or changes in parts of the brain known to be involved in representing body shape (e.g., see proprioception and body image). A neuroimaging study of two people diagnosed with clinical lycanthropy showed that these areas display unusual activation, suggesting that when", "title": "Clinical lycanthropy" }, { "id": "12017418", "score": "1.3521011", "text": "the person afflicted with the curse is aware of their condition and will have enough sense to isolate or shield themselves from society to prevent the horrible damage they would inflict on the rest of the people with the next full moon. As such, Loup-garou attacks on the populace are thankfully rare. The only one featured in the series to date is Harley MacFinn whose family curse originated from St. Patrick himself. A lycanthrope is someone who is a natural channel or medium for a spirit of rage. The lycanthrope is born with this ability; it does not allow them", "title": "The Dresden Files groups" }, { "id": "15910979", "score": "1.3495138", "text": "one. He can be forced to return to his human form by making him bleed or by burning one of the skins he wears. Becoming a werewolf can be prevented by having one of his brothers sponsor the child for his Baptism and Confirmation. If none of the werewolfs brothers is eligible to be a sponsor (he must be over 16 and have taken confirmation) then baptizing the child with the name of \"Bieito\" will also prevent the transformation. With the cultural movement associated with the Age of Enlightenment lycanthropy became accepted as a real medical condition. Various causes of", "title": "Manuel Blanco Romasanta" }, { "id": "2978308", "score": "1.3489101", "text": "perception of an association between mental illness and animalistic behaviour can be traced throughout the history of folklore from many different countries. Clinical lycanthropy Clinical lycanthropy is defined as a rare psychiatric syndrome that involves a delusion that the affected person can transform into, has transformed into, or is a non-human animal. Its name is associated with the mythical condition of lycanthropy, a supernatural affliction in which humans are said to physically shapeshift into wolves. It is purported to be a rare disorder. Affected individuals believe that they are in the process of transforming into an animal or have already", "title": "Clinical lycanthropy" }, { "id": "461506", "score": "1.348064", "text": "in Byzantine Greek, featuring in the 10th-century encyclopedia \"Suda\". Use of the Greek-derived \"lycanthropy\" in English occurs in learned writing beginning in the later 16th century (first recorded 1584 in \"The Discoverie of Witchcraft\" by Reginald Scot, who argued \"against\" the reality of werewolves; \"Lycanthropia is a disease, and not a transformation.\" v. i. 92), at first explicitly for clinical lycanthropy, i.e. the type of insanity where the patient imagines to have transformed into a wolf, and not in reference to supposedly real shape-shifting. Use of \"lycanthropy\" for supposed shape-shifting is much later, introduced ca. 1830. Slavic uses the term", "title": "Werewolf" } ]

[ "phantom trade", "Phantom traders", "Black economies", "Black-marketed", "Black-marketer", "Black economics", "unlicensed vendor", "blackmarketeers", "black economies", "Black-economics", "blackmarkets", "Shadow economists", "black economy", "black market economy", "Phantom trader", "Black marketeering", "shadow economist", "parallel economy", "Shadow economist", "Shadow economies", "black marketer", "phantom traded", "parallel economist", "Black marketed", "parallel economics", "blackeconomic", "Unlicensed vendor", "Black market/version 2", "shadow economy", "Blackmarketed", "phantom traders", "black marketeer", "blackmarket", "Blackmarketeering", "Black-marketeer", "Black markets", "Phantom trading", "black marketed", "phantom trading", "System D (black market)", "hidden economy", "black marketeered", "parallel economic", "shadow economies", "Black marketeered", "Black marketeers", "Blackmarket", "Black-market", "parallel economists", "Underground economies", "Black-markets", "black economist", "Black economists", "blackmarketed", "Blackmarketeered", "shadow economic", "underground economies", "Phantom traded", "Black-economists", "Black-marketeered", "Blackeconomists", "Blackeconomic", "Phantom trade", "black market", "Blackmarkets", "Blackmarketeers", "underground economy", "Underground economy", "Hidden economy", "blackmarketeered", "shadow economics", "Blackmarketeer", "Black money", "underground market", "black monies", "Parallel economist", "underground economists", "illegal trade", "blackeconomists", "Underground market", "Blackeconomies", "blackmarketeering", "system d black market", "blackeconomist", "black economics", "phantom trader", "black market version 2", "Blackmarketer", "blackmarketer", "parallel economies", "The Black Economy", "Shadow economic", "Black monies", "black marketeering", "underground economist", "blackeconomics", "blackeconomies", "Black-marketeering", "Black-marketeers", "black economists", "blackmarketers", "black money", "black economic", "black marketers", "Black Economy", "Black economist", "Blackeconomist", "shadow economists", "underground economics", "Black market", "Parallel economic", "Black market economy", "Underground economists", "underground economic", "Blackmarketers", "Black economy", "Blackeconomics", "Black-economies", "Parallel economy", "Shadow economics", "Parallel economics", "Black Marketeer", "Illegal trade", "Underground economist", "blackmarketeer", "Underground Economy", "Black-economic", "Underground economic", "black marketeers", "Underground economics", "Black marketers", "Black-economist", "Black-marketers", "Black marketer", "Shadow economy", "black markets", "Phantom trades", "Parallel economies", "Parallel economists", "Black Market", "phantom trades" ]

[ { "id": "515374", "score": "1.4869328", "text": "Commerce Commerce relates to \"the exchange of goods and services, especially on a large scale.\" It includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that operate in a country or in international trade. The English-language word \"commerce\" derives from the Latin \"commercium\", from \"cum\" (\"together\") and \"merx\" (\"merchandise\"). Some commentators trace the origins of commerce to the very start of transactions in prehistoric times. Apart from traditional self-sufficiency, trading became a principal facility of prehistoric people, who bartered what they had for goods and services from each other (the barter system was popular in ancient times where one could", "title": "Commerce" }, { "id": "1578994", "score": "1.44118", "text": "to legalism, or \"akribia\" ()—strict adherence to the letter of the law of the church. As such, the word \"economy\", and the concept attaching to it, are utilized especially with regard to two types of \"handling\": (a) \"divine economy\", that is, God's \"handling\" or \"management\" of the fallen state of the world and of mankind—the arrangements he made in order to bring about man's salvation after the Fall; and (b) what might be termed \"pastoral economy\" (or) \"ecclesiastical economy\", that is, the Church's \"handling\" or \"management\" of various pastoral and disciplinary questions, problems, and issues that have arisen through the", "title": "Economy (religion)" }, { "id": "19954893", "score": "1.436599", "text": "and guidance, much like Great Britain. The United States of America is a country with a liberal market economy, accentuated by decentralized government with a relatively open market. Through the open market, firms and investors are able to import and export different goods and services with very little interference from the government, allowing for the price levels of those goods and services to be set solely by the supply and demand in the economy. The political economy in the United States is run primarily by two political parties, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Since the United States is", "title": "Knowledge regime" }, { "id": "515378", "score": "1.4341717", "text": "During the Middle Ages, commerce developed in Europe through the trading of luxury goods at trade fairs. Some wealth became converted into movable wealth or capital. Banking systems developed where money on account was transferred across national boundaries. Hand-to-hand markets became a feature of town life, and were regulated by town authorities. Commerce Commerce relates to \"the exchange of goods and services, especially on a large scale.\" It includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that operate in a country or in international trade. The English-language word \"commerce\" derives from the Latin \"commercium\", from \"cum\" (\"together\") and \"merx\"", "title": "Commerce" }, { "id": "401775", "score": "1.4192938", "text": "\"Commerce\" is derived from the Latin \"commercium\", from \"cum\" \"together\" and \"merx\", \"merchandise.\" \"Trade\" from Middle English \"trade\" (\"path, course of conduct\"), introduced into English by Hanseatic merchants, from Middle Low German \"trade\" (\"track, course\"), from Old Saxon \"trada\" (\"spoor, track\"), from Proto-Germanic \"*tradō\" (\"track, way\"), and cognate with Old English \"tredan\" (\"to tread\"). Trade originated with human communication in prehistoric times. Trading was the main facility of prehistoric people, who bartered goods and services from each other before the innovation of modern-day currency. Peter Watson dates the history of long-distance commerce from circa 150,000 years ago. In the Mediterranean", "title": "Trade" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Business\n\nBusiness is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services). It is also \"any activity or enterprise entered into for profit.\"\n\nHaving a business name does not separate the business entity from the owner, which means that the owner of the business is responsible and liable for debts incurred by the business. If the business acquires debts, the creditors can go after the owner's personal possessions. A business structure does not allow for corporate tax rates. The proprietor is personally taxed on all income from the business.\n\nThe term is also often used colloquially (but not by lawyers or by public officials) to refer to a company, such as a corporation or cooperative.\n\nCorporations, in contrast with sole proprietors and partnerships, are a separate legal entity and provide limited liability for their owners/members, as well as being subject to corporate tax rates. A corporation is more complicated and expensive to set up, but offers more protection and benefits for the owners/members.", "title": "Business" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Internet censorship\n\nInternet censorship is the legal control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet. Censorship is most often applied to specific internet domains (such as Wikipedia.org) but exceptionally may extend to all Internet resources located outside the jurisdiction of the censoring state. Internet censorship may also put restrictions on what information can be made internet accessible. Organizations providing internet accesssuch as schools and libraries may choose to preclude access to material that they consider undesirable, offensive, age-inappropriate or even illegal, and regard this as ethical behaviour rather than censorship. Individuals and organizations may engage in self-censorship of material they publish, for moral, religious, or business reasons, to conform to societal norms, political views, due to intimidation, or out of fear of legal or other consequences.\n\nThe extent of Internet censorship varies on a country-to-country basis. While some countries have moderate Internet censorship, other countries go as far as to limit the access of information such as news and suppress and silence discussion among citizens.<ref name=\"NYT-20140311\" /> Internet censorship also occurs in response to or in anticipation of events such as elections, protests, and riots. An example is the increased censorship due to the events of the Arab Spring. Other types of censorship include the use of copyrights, defamation, harassment, and various obscene material claims as a way to deliberately suppress content.\n\nSupport for and opposition to Internet censorship also varies. In a 2012 Internet Society survey 71% of respondents agreed that \"censorship should exist in some form on the Internet\". In the same survey 83% agreed that \"access to the Internet should be considered a basic human right\" and 86% agreed that \"freedom of expression should be guaranteed on the Internet\". Perception of internet censorship in the US is largely based on the First Amendment and the right for expansive free speech and access to content without regard to the consequences. According to GlobalWebIndex, over 400 million people use virtual private networks to circumvent censorship or for increased user privacy. <ref name=\"Guardian 5 December 2014\"/>", "title": "Internet censorship" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Money laundering\n\nMoney laundering is the process of concealing the origin of money, obtained from illicit activities such as drug trafficking, corruption, embezzlement or gambling, by converting it into a legitimate source. It is a crime in many jurisdictions with varying definitions. It is usually a key operation of organized crime.\n\nIn US law, money laundering is the practice of engaging in financial transactions to conceal the identity, source, or destination of illegally gained money. In UK law the common law definition is wider. The act is defined as \"taking any action with property of any form which is either wholly or in part the proceeds of a crime that will disguise the fact that that property is the proceeds of a crime or obscure the beneficial ownership of said property\".\n\nIn the past, the term \"money laundering\" was applied only to financial transactions related to organized crime. Today its definition is often expanded by government and international regulators such as the US Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to mean \"any financial transaction which generates an asset or a value as the result of an illegal act\", which may involve actions such as tax evasion or false accounting. In the UK, it does not even need to involve money, but any economic good. Courts involve money laundering committed by private individuals, drug dealers, businesses, corrupt officials, members of criminal organizations such as the Mafia, and even states.\n\nAs financial crime has become more complex, and financial intelligence has become more recognized in combating international crime and terrorism, money laundering has become more prominent in political, economic, and legal debate. Money laundering is ipso facto illegal; the acts generating the money almost always are themselves criminal in some way (for if not, the money would not need to be laundered).", "title": "Money laundering" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Role of Christianity in civilization" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "China–United States trade war\n\nThe China–United States trade war () is an ongoing economic conflict between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America. In January 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump began setting tariffs and other trade barriers on China with the goal of forcing it to make changes to what the U.S. says are longstanding unfair trade practices and intellectual property theft. The Trump administration stated that these practices may contribute to the U.S.–China trade deficit, and that the Chinese government requires transfer of American technology to China. In response to US trade measures, the Chinese government accused the Trump administration of engaging in nationalist protectionism and took retaliatory action. After the trade war escalated through 2019, in January 2020 the two sides reached a tense phase one agreement; it expired in December 2021 with China failing by a wide margin to reach its targets for U.S. imports to China. By the end of the Trump presidency, the trade war was widely characterized as a failure.<ref name=\"Fajgelbaum\"/><ref>Multiple sources:", "title": "China–United States trade war" }, { "id": "1578993", "score": "1.4121006", "text": "Economy (religion) In the Orthodox Church, in Eastern and Latin Catholic churches, and in the teaching of the Church Fathers which undergirds the theology of those communions, economy or oeconomy (, \"oikonomia\") has several meanings. The basic meaning of the word is \"handling\" or \"disposition\" or \"management\" or more literally \"housekeeping\" of a thing, usually assuming or implying \"good\" or \"prudent\" handling (as opposed to \"poor\" handling) of the matter at hand. In short, \"economia\" is discretionary deviation from the letter of the law in order to adhere to the spirit of the law and charity. This is in contrast", "title": "Economy (religion)" }, { "id": "3156382", "score": "1.4029255", "text": "century it had become clear that large firms had become a fact of the market economy. John Stuart Mill's approach was laid down in his treatise \"On Liberty\" (1859). Again, trade is a social act. Whoever undertakes to sell any description of goods to the public, does what affects the interest of other persons, and of society in general; and thus his conduct, in principle, comes within the jurisdiction of society... both the cheapness and the good quality of commodities are most effectually provided for by leaving the producers and sellers perfectly free, under the sole check of equal freedom", "title": "Competition law" }, { "id": "6056188", "score": "1.4022563", "text": "of English navigators – indeed of all Christian navigators – is money – money – money – for which I do not pretend to blame them – Commerce was meant by the goodness of the Deity to diffuse the various goods of the earth into every part – to unite mankind in the blessed chains of brotherly love – society – and mutual dependence: the enlightened Christian should diffuse the riches of the Gospel of peace – with the commodities of his respective land – Commerce attended with strict honesty – and with Religion for its companion – would be", "title": "Ignatius Sancho" }, { "id": "8587505", "score": "1.3927534", "text": "Economy An economy (from Greek οίκος – \"household\" and νέμoμαι – \"manage\") is an area of the production, distribution, or trade, and consumption of goods and services by different agents. Understood in its broadest sense, 'The economy is defined as a social domain that emphasises the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the production, use, and management of resources'. Economic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments. Economic transactions occur when two parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, commonly expressed in a certain currency. However, monetary transactions only account for a", "title": "Economy" }, { "id": "1753834", "score": "1.3905272", "text": "common to limit questions of the world economy exclusively to human economic activity and the world economy is typically judged in monetary terms, even in cases in which there is no efficient market to help valuate certain goods or services, or in cases in which a lack of independent research or government cooperation makes establishing figures difficult. Typical examples are illegal drugs and other black market goods, which by any standard are a part of the world economy, but for which there is by definition no legal market of any kind. However, even in cases in which there is a", "title": "World economy" }, { "id": "1578996", "score": "1.3849286", "text": "himself in his actions, and the better we know a person, the better we understand his actions. The divine economy, in the broadest sense, not only refers to God's actions to bring about the world's salvation and redemption, but to \"all\" of God's dealings with, and interactions with, the world, including the Creation. In this sense, \"economy\", as used in classical Orthodox doctrinal terminology, constituted the second broad division of all Christian doctrinal teaching. The first division was called \"theology\" (literally, \"words about God\" or \"teaching about God\") and was concerned with all that pertains to God alone, in himself—the", "title": "Economy (religion)" }, { "id": "11574584", "score": "1.3846692", "text": "century it had become clear that large firms had become a fact of the market economy. John Stuart Mill's approach was laid down in his treatise \"On Liberty\" (1859). \"Again, trade is a social act. Whoever undertakes to sell any description of goods to the public, does what affects the interest of other persons, and of society in general; and thus his conduct, in principle, comes within the jurisdiction of society... both the cheapness and the good quality of commodities are most effectually provided for by leaving the producers and sellers perfectly free, under the sole check of equal freedom", "title": "United Kingdom competition law" }, { "id": "110991", "score": "1.3802184", "text": "mines could obtain gold and silver from trade only by selling goods abroad and restricting imports other than of gold and silver. The doctrine called for importing cheap raw materials to be used in manufacturing goods, which could be exported, and for state regulation to impose protective tariffs on foreign manufactured goods and prohibit manufacturing in the colonies. Physiocrats, a group of 18th-century French thinkers and writers, developed the idea of the economy as a circular flow of income and output. Physiocrats believed that only agricultural production generated a clear surplus over cost, so that agriculture was the basis of", "title": "Economics" }, { "id": "4552356", "score": "1.3796725", "text": "organised retail. Compliance with over thirty regulations such as \"signboard licences\" and \"anti-hoarding measures\" must be made before a store can open for business. There are taxes for moving goods from state to state, and even within states. According to \"The Wall Street Journal\", the lack of infrastructure and efficient retail networks cause a third of India's agriculture produce to be lost from spoilage. The World Travel & Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated or 9.4% of the nation's GDP in 2017 and supported 41.622 million jobs, 8% of its total employment. The sector is predicted to grow at an", "title": "Economy of India" }, { "id": "3313021", "score": "1.3795553", "text": "clothes, etc. – and little is accumulated for investing in development. The more recent kind of economic activity in the periphery is industry—but of a particular kind. It is usually carried out by foreigners, although often in conjunction with local interests. It is often under special tariff protection or other government concessions. The surplus from this production mostly goes to two places: part of it is sent back to the foreign shareholders as profit; the other part is spent on conspicuous consumption in a similar fashion to that of the plantation aristocracy. Again, little is used for development. Baran thought", "title": "Dependency theory" }, { "id": "1477141", "score": "1.3762939", "text": "said that \"the most advantageous method in which a landed nation can raise up artificers, manufacturers, and merchants of its own is to grant the most perfect freedom of trade to the artificers, manufacturers, and merchants of all other nations.\" The arguments of List and others were subsequently picked up by scholars of early development economics such as Albert Hirschman and Alexander Gerschenkron, who called for the selective promotion of \"key sectors\" in overcoming economic backwardness. The relationship between government and industry in the United States has never been a simple one, and the labels used in categorizing these relationships", "title": "Industrial policy" }, { "id": "9042553", "score": "1.3750107", "text": "and that only a voluntary trade can be a completely satisfactory trade. It notes that markets clear; that taxation is economic hemophilia; regulation amounts to slow strangulation; that market monopolies can only attain and maintain monopoly status through excellence and low prices; and that without freedom of the market, no other freedom is meaningful. It criticizes the government for red tape which denies entrepreneurs opportunities to rise out of poverty. Chapter 4, \"Government – An Unnecessary Evil\", states that government is a coercive monopoly; that democratic governments decide issues largely on the basis of pressure from special interest groups; and", "title": "The Market for Liberty" }, { "id": "4189449", "score": "1.3744847", "text": "India and the Mediterranean was in this way connected with the advent of large-scale slavery and the use of coins to pay soldiers, together with the obligation enforced by the state for its subjects to pay its taxes in currency. This was also the same time that the great religions spread out and the general questions of philosophical enquiry emerged on world history—many of those directly related, as in Plato's \"Republic\", with the nature of debt and its relation to ethics. Give-away shops, freeshops, or free stores are stores where all goods are free. They are similar to charity shops,", "title": "Anarchist economics" }, { "id": "18107175", "score": "1.374202", "text": "governed by free market practices, including a stock exchange for trading equity. The free-market is the arbitrator for most economic activity, which is left to the management of both state and private firms. A significant amount of privately owned firms exist, especially in the consumer service sector. The state sector is concentrated in the 'commanding heights' of the economy with a growing private sector engaged primarily in commodity production and light industry. Centralized directive planning based on mandatory output requirements and production quotas has been superseded by the free-market mechanism for most of the economy and directive planning is utilized", "title": "Socialist economics" }, { "id": "10893606", "score": "1.3715909", "text": "the nineteenth century it had become clear that large firms had become a fact of the market economy. John Stuart Mill's approach was laid down in his treatise \"On Liberty\" (1859). \"Again, trade is a social act. Whoever undertakes to sell any description of goods to the public, does what affects the interest of other persons, and of society in general; and thus his conduct, in principle, comes within the jurisdiction of society... both the cheapness and the good quality of commodities are most effectually provided for by leaving the producers and sellers perfectly free, under the sole check of", "title": "Competition law theory" } ]

[ "liberty enlightening world", "Statue of Liberty", "Statue Liberty", "Fort Wood National Monument", "Azadliq Statue", "Mother of Exiles", "mother of exiles", "Liberty enlightening the world", "free woman", "Statue of Liberty, USA", "Free woman", "fort wood national monument", "Frederick R. Law", "staute of liberty", "The Liberty Statue", "azadliq statue", "Staute of Liberty", "Liberty, Statue of", "Freiheitsstatue", "liberty statue of", "liberty statue", "🗽", "Statue Of Liberty", "Statue of liberty", "frederick r law", "The Statue of Liberty", "Liberty Enlightening the World", "statue of liberty usa", "freiheitsstatue", "statue of liberty", "statue liberty" ]

[ { "id": "19452910", "score": "1.6138749", "text": "attended its unveiling, which featured speeches by Harvey Rice, chairman of the monument committee, historian George Bancroft, and the governors of Ohio and Rhode Island (Perry's home state). Following the dedication ceremony, a mock battle was staged offshore, and a grand military parade was held the following day. Public Square became known as Monumental Park, in recognition of the sculpture. In 1878, the monument was relocated from the intersection at the center of Public Square to the square's southeast quadrant. It was removed in 1892 to make way for construction of Cleveland's Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Following two years in", "title": "Perry Monument (Cleveland)" }, { "id": "13234255", "score": "1.6009257", "text": "donors, and on June 19, 1868, the land along Eighth Street was formally dedicated to park uses. Bronze statues of US Presidents from Ohio stand on either end of the park, with a sculpture of James A. Garfield facing Vine and one of William Henry Harrison facing West toward the Covenant First Presbyterian Church across Elm. The Garfield statue, by Charles Henry Niehaus, was commissioned in 1883 and unveiled in 1887. Due to the presence of the statue of Garfield, the city park was known for a time as Garfield Park, officially receiving its designation as Piatt Park by the", "title": "Piatt Park" }, { "id": "159004", "score": "1.5946457", "text": "Coin Act of 2005. In 2013, Cleveland was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame. Scholarly studies Primary sources Official Letters and Speeches Media coverage Other Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, the only president in American history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office (1885–1889 and 1893–1897). He won the popular vote for three presidential elections—in 1884, 1888, and 1892—and was one of two Democrats (with Woodrow Wilson) to be elected president during the era", "title": "Grover Cleveland" }, { "id": "14971261", "score": "1.5892152", "text": "1879 with Richard D. Whitehead serving as its superintendent. Whitehead commissioned the sculpture, raising the $14,000 needed to create it. The statue was placed in the heavily trafficked Market Square on April 29, 1891 and dedicated with an elaborate ceremony that included releasing white pigeons to fly over the statue, and having a pony be the first to drink from the trough. The statue was unveiled on April 29, 1891, shortly after the 25th anniversary of Bergh's founding of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. It was originally placed atop an animal watering trough in downtown", "title": "Henry Bergh (sculpture)" }, { "id": "19452912", "score": "1.5784051", "text": "intended to flank the pedestal – a midshipman and a sailor boy – were completed in plaster by 1860, but required additional funds to be carved in marble. They were completed and installed in 1869. Over the years, the three marble statues and the marble bas-relief panel suffered damage from the weather. Cleveland's Early Settlers Association raised $10,000 to replace the sculptures. In 1929, they were removed from the monument and replaced with bronze copies, created under the supervision of sculptor Herman Matzen. At the same time, a second bronze copy of the Perry statue was made for Rhode Island,", "title": "Perry Monument (Cleveland)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "William McKinley" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cleveland\n\nCleveland ( ), officially the City of Cleveland, is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located in the northeastern part of the state, it is situated along the southern shore of Lake Erie, across the U.S. maritime border with Canada, northeast of Cincinnati, northeast of Columbus, and approximately west of Pennsylvania. \n\nThe largest city on Lake Erie and one of the major cities of the Great Lakes region, Cleveland ranks as the 54th-largest city in the U.S. with a 2020 population of 372,624. The city anchors both the Greater Cleveland metropolitan statistical area (MSA) and the larger Cleveland–Akron–Canton combined statistical area (CSA). The CSA is the most populous in Ohio and the 17th largest in the country, with a population of 3.63 million in 2020, while the MSA ranks as 34th largest at 2.09 million.\n\nCleveland was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River by General Moses Cleaveland, after whom the city was named. Its location on both the river and the lake shore allowed it to grow into a major commercial and industrial center, attracting large numbers of immigrants and migrants. A port city, Cleveland is connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence Seaway. Its economy relies on diversified sectors such as manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, biomedicals, and higher education. The GDP for the Greater Cleveland MSA was $135 billion in 2019. Combined with the Akron MSA, the seven-county Cleveland–Akron metropolitan economy was $175 billion in 2019, the largest in Ohio, accounting for 25% of the state's GDP.<ref name=\"cleveland-MSA-GDP\" />\n\nDesignated as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Cleveland is home to several major cultural institutions, including the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, the Cleveland Orchestra, Playhouse Square, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Known as \"The Forest City\" among many other nicknames, Cleveland serves as the center of the Cleveland Metroparks nature reserve system. The city's major league professional sports teams include the Cleveland Browns, the Cleveland Cavaliers, and the Cleveland Guardians.", "title": "Cleveland" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "William Howard Taft" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Oval Office\n\nThe Oval Office is the formal working space of the President of the United States. Part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, it is located in the West Wing of the White House, in Washington, D.C.\n\nThe oval-shaped room features three large south-facing windows behind the president's desk and a fireplace at the north end. It has two built-in bookcases, and four doors: the east door opens to the Rose Garden; the west door leads to a private study and dining room; the northwest door opens onto the main corridor of the West Wing; and the northeast door opens to the office of the president's secretary.\n\nPresidents generally decorate the office to suit their personal taste, choosing furniture, drapery, and often commissioning their own oval-shaped carpet. Artwork is selected from the White House's own collection, or borrowed from museums for the length of the president's term in office.", "title": "Oval Office" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "World's Columbian Exposition\n\nThe World's Columbian Exposition (also known as the Chicago World's Fair) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. The centerpiece of the Fair, held in Jackson Park, was a large water pool representing the voyage Columbus took to the New World. Chicago had won the right to host the fair over several other cities, including New York City, Washington, D.C., and St. Louis. The exposition was an influential social and cultural event and had a profound effect on American architecture, the arts, American industrial optimism, and Chicago's image.\n\nThe layout of the Chicago Columbian Exposition was, in large part, designed by John Wellborn Root, Daniel Burnham, Frederick Law Olmsted and Charles B. Atwood.<ref name=\"devil\"/> It was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues thought a city should be. It was designed to follow Beaux-Arts principles of design, namely neoclassical architecture principles based on symmetry, balance, and splendor. The color of the material generally used to cover the buildings' façades (white staff) gave the fairgrounds its nickname, the White City. Many prominent architects designed its 14 \"great buildings\". Artists and musicians were featured in exhibits and many also made depictions and works of art inspired by the exposition.\n\nThe exposition covered , featuring nearly 200 new (but deliberately temporary) buildings of predominantly neoclassical architecture, canals and lagoons, and people and cultures from 46 countries.<ref name=\"WDL\"/> More than 27 million people attended the exposition during its six-month run. Its scale and grandeur far exceeded the other world's fairs, and it became a symbol of the emerging American Exceptionalism, much in the same way that the Great Exhibition became a symbol of the Victorian era United Kingdom.\n\nDedication ceremonies for the fair were held on October 21, 1892, but the fairgrounds were not actually opened to the public until May 1, 1893. The fair continued until October 30, 1893. In addition to recognizing the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World by Europeans, the fair also served to show the world that Chicago had risen from the ashes of the Great Chicago Fire, which had destroyed much of the city in 1871.<ref name=\"WDL\"/>\n\nOn October 9, 1893, the day designated as Chicago Day, the fair set a world record for outdoor event attendance, drawing 751,026 people. The debt for the fair was soon paid off with a check for $1.5 million (equivalent to $ in ). Chicago has commemorated the fair with one of the stars on its municipal flag.", "title": "World's Columbian Exposition" }, { "id": "15811752", "score": "1.5705547", "text": "Goethe–Schiller Memorial Committee responded, \"Emperor Wilhelm, Berlin. Goethe–Schiller Memorial unveiled in presence of 65,000 persons. In this sacred hour American citizens of Cleveland of German origin respectfully thank Your Majesty for his good wishes.\" The Milwaukee, Wisconsin monument in Washington Park was dedicated on June 12, 1908 before 35,000 people. The bronze statues for the Cleveland and Milwaukee monuments had also been cast by the Lauchhammer foundry. The statue for the Syracuse monument is electrotyped copper, and not a bronze casting. It was sited in Schiller Park, which had been renamed in 1905 to honor the centennial of Schiller's death.", "title": "Goethe–Schiller Monument" }, { "id": "20606706", "score": "1.5594766", "text": "the collection on August 21, 1888, called Kearny “the perfect soldier . . .brave as a lion, tender as a woman.” Although the statue entered the Hall in 1888 it is dated “1873” on the base. There are at least three other casting of the statue. one was done in 1901 and is located in Kearny Park, Muskegon, Michigan. Another was dedicated in 1880 in Trenton, New Jersey and then relocated several times, finally to Military Park in Newark, New Jersey. The Archives of American Art traced the some what complicated history of the statue. “In March 1868, the New", "title": "Philip Kearny (Brown)" }, { "id": "15823138", "score": "1.557277", "text": "year. Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, in collaboration with architect Stanford White, built the arch after two-and-a-half months of site preparation; William Tecumseh Sherman was the speaker at the 1889 cornerstone, and President Grover Cleveland led the 1892 unveiling. The McKim, Mead and White firm recommended the bronze statues for the City Beautiful movement, and Park Commissioner Frank Squire engaged Frederick MacMonnies in 1894 to design the three bronze sculptural groupings. The interior arch faces have equestrian bas-reliefs of Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses S. Grant sculpted by William Rudolf O'Donovan (men) and Thomas Eakins (horses), that were added in", "title": "Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch" }, { "id": "15277483", "score": "1.5558071", "text": "PARK SC\". The inscription on the proper right lower side of the sculpture reads \"F. GALLI FUSERO\". The front of the base reads \"WASHINGTON\". The back of the base reads \"The Gift of/ Elizabeth A. Plankinton/ To the City of Milwaukee/ 1885\". Richard Henry Park's \"George Washington\", dedicated on November 7, 1885, was the first public monument in Milwaukee. It was given to the city as a gift by Elizabeth Plankinton, popularly known as Miss Lizzie, as a gesture of her love for Milwaukee. \"It would also ensure, as one of the speakers noted at the dedication of the statue,", "title": "Washington Monument (Milwaukee)" }, { "id": "6360712", "score": "1.5538771", "text": "stream. The park was acquired between 1913 and 1916 and is named after President Grover Cleveland who was born in Caldwell, and was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. The Olmsted Brothers were asked to create a plan for recreation use of most of the park area. By the summer of 1914, development of recreation facilities — including tennis courts, baseball fields, a playground, sand court, wading pool, and a shelter house to service these facilities — was underway, with improvements completed for public use by 1916. Park features include lighted tennis courts, shuffleboard courts, horseshoe pitches,", "title": "Grover Cleveland Park" }, { "id": "13643349", "score": "1.5522941", "text": "death in 1927. One is \"Abraham Lincoln\" by George Fife Waters, commissioned in 1926 and dedicated at its South Park Blocks location on October 5, 1928. The second was \"George Washington\", a statue by Pompeo Coppini, which was dedicated on July 4, 1927. It stands at 57th Avenue and Sandy Boulevard, in the center of the Rose City Park neighborhood. Coe would donate a copies of \"Theodore Roosevelt Rough Rider\" statue to two cities in North Dakota. According to the Inventory of American Sculpture (IAS), the Mandan, North Dakota sculpture is a smaller version of the one commissioned by Coe", "title": "Henry Waldo Coe" }, { "id": "14463941", "score": "1.5507168", "text": "ex-President Grover Cleveland and their cabinets, senators and congressmen, federal judges, and governors of other states. Governors from New York, Ohio, Missouri, and Indiana attended the event. The ceremonies began with a parade, followed by a program of activities: a call to order by Alvin P. Hovey, governor of Indiana; an invocation by Rev. Joseph S. Jenckes, of St. Paul’s Church, Indianapolis; music; a historical statement by Frederick Rand, president of the monument association; unveiling of the monument by Eliza C. Hendricks; a nine-round salute from Indianapolis Light Artillery; a dedicatory poem by James Whitcomb Riley of Indiana, read by", "title": "Thomas A. Hendricks Monument" }, { "id": "19452911", "score": "1.5481637", "text": "storage, it was re-erected in Wade Park in 1894, overlooking Wade Lagoon. The monument was removed in 1913 to make way for construction of the Cleveland Museum of Art, and relocated to Gordon Park. It was relocated within Gordon Park in 1951, and put into storage in 1988. Following restoration, it was re-erected in 1991 at its sixth (and current) location – Fort Huntington Park, on the east side of the Cuyahoga County Courthouse, in downtown Cleveland. Walcutt's marble Perry statue was completed and installed for the dedication, as was the marble bas-relief on the pedestal. The two subsidiary figures", "title": "Perry Monument (Cleveland)" }, { "id": "13997339", "score": "1.5464063", "text": "(4.27 m) bronze equestrian statue, sculpted by Edward Clark Potter, was unveiled in Monroe in June 1910 by President William Howard Taft and the widowed Elizabeth Bacon Custer. The statue commemorates his successful actions during the Civil War and not his more well-known defeat in 1876. In the century since the statue was installed, it has been placed at three different sites. It was originally located in the middle of the brick-paved intersection of First and Washington streets in front of the ; this area is part of the present-day Old Village Historic District. His widow Elizabeth Custer, who spent", "title": "George Armstrong Custer Equestrian Monument" }, { "id": "3474888", "score": "1.544858", "text": "in bronze; the historic moment depicted is Evacuation Day, November 25, 1783, when the British left the city and General Washington triumphantly led his troops back into the city. Other statues in the park include the Marquis de Lafayette, modeled by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and dedicated at the Centennial, July 4, 1876, \"Abraham Lincoln\", modeled by Henry Kirke Brown (1870), and the James Fountain (1881), a Temperance fountain with the figure of Charity who empties her jug of water, aided by a child; it was donated by Daniel Willis James and sculpted by Adolf Donndorf. A statue of Mahatma Gandhi", "title": "Union Square, Manhattan" }, { "id": "12983951", "score": "1.5443282", "text": "for varied ceremonial duties. One of the most important of these ceremonial events occurred on 28 October 1886 when she transported President Grover Cleveland, his private secretary, and three members of his cabinet, to and from Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor for the dedication and unveiling of the Statue of Liberty on 28 October 1886. Over the years, she also carried despatches and men to the fleet and along the U.S. East Coast, towed into port or destroyed damaged ships and wrecks, and escorted new ships during their sea trials. From 12 December 1881 to 3 June 1882, \"Despatch\"", "title": "USS Despatch (1873)" }, { "id": "12131828", "score": "1.5406998", "text": "April 21, 1938, with Will's sister, Sallie Rogers McSpadden, turning the first spade full of dirt. Construction was completed November 4, 1938, on what would have been Rogers' 59th birthday. The museum opened in 1938, three years after Rogers' death. An addition was constructed in 1983. The rotunda contains a famous sculpture of Will Rogers by artist Jo Davidson. The pedestal is inscribed with a famous quotation by Rogers, \"...I never met a man I didn't like.\" The statue is another cast of the work that the artist created in 1938 and which has represented the state in the National", "title": "Will Rogers Memorial" }, { "id": "7671371", "score": "1.5406072", "text": "Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (Cleveland) The Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument is a monument to Civil War soldiers and sailors from Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Located in the southeast quadrant of Public Square in downtown Cleveland, it opened July 4, 1894. It was designed by architect Levi Scofield (1842–1917), who also created the monument's sculptures. F.F. Schnitzer was the supervising architect who oversaw the creation of the structure. The monument is regularly open to the public free of charge. The monument consists of a 125-foot black Quincy granite shaft erected on a square base constructed of rough-hewn granite blocks trimmed", "title": "Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (Cleveland)" }, { "id": "19452908", "score": "1.5375521", "text": "Council unanimously adopted resolutions to erect a monument to Commodore Oliver Perry in the city's Public Square. By October, Thomas Jones & Sons Marble Works, of Cleveland, was selected as contractor. The project had a budget of $6,000, to be raised from contributions by the citizens of Cleveland. Prominent sculptors Hiram Powers, Thomas Ball, and E. D. Palmer were approached for the Perry statue, but demurred due to the limited budget. The contractor turned to William Walcutt, who produced a new design that was endorsed by the monument committee. City Council granted T. Jones & Sons the power to solicit", "title": "Perry Monument (Cleveland)" }, { "id": "2495105", "score": "1.5288346", "text": "months in crates waiting for its pedestal to be finished, and was then reassembled in four months. On October 28, 1886, the Statue of Liberty was unveiled by President Grover Cleveland. The name Liberty Island was made official by Congress in 1956. On October 7, 2016, construction started on a new Statue of Liberty museum on Liberty Island. The new $70 million, museum will be able to accommodate all of the island's visitors when it opens in 2019, as opposed to the current museum, which only 20% of the island's visitors can visit. The original torch will be relocated here,", "title": "Liberty Island" } ]

[ "King County executive", "king county executive", "King County Executive" ]

[ { "id": "11442722", "score": "1.617331", "text": "UFCW. On election night, November 3, the initial batch of election results had Constantine winning the election over Hutchison, at that time receiving 57% of the votes to her 43%. He was expected to replace interim Executive Kurt Triplett on November 24 following the certification of election results by the King County Elections' Canvassing Board. Constantine was ultimately declared the winner, and was inaugurated November 24, 2009. Constantine married his long-time partner Shirley Carlson in a private ceremony on October 31, 2013. The couple met while working at the University of Washington radio station. They live in North Admiral, Seattle.", "title": "Dow Constantine" }, { "id": "11442720", "score": "1.6172734", "text": "by the candidates' supporters. Constantine received press attention for stressing the conservative affiliations of Hutchison, pointing to her involvement with the Discovery Institute and contributions to Republican candidates such as President Bush in 2004 and Mike Huckabee in 2008. Hutchison downplayed any perceived partisanship and criticized Constantine as a political insider with close ties to labor unions. In October 2009, the Washington State Public Disclosure Commission (PDC) investigated allegations that the Constantine's campaign illegally coordinated with an independent campaign on anti-Hutchison ads. The PDC concluded there was no coordination and dismissed the complaint. The PDC also investigated complaints regarding Hutchison's", "title": "Dow Constantine" }, { "id": "11442719", "score": "1.6040349", "text": "Maury Island, Normandy Park, and parts of both SeaTac and Tukwila. In 2009, he served as council Chair. Constantine announced his candidacy for King County Executive on February 16, 2009 to replace Ron Sims who was appointed the United States Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. In the primary election, Constantine received 22% of the votes to advance to a run off against candidate Susan Hutchison, who received 37%. Described as \"perhaps the most contentious race on the November [2009] ballot\" by Seattle NPR outlet KPLU, the campaign has been characterized by negative campaigning, including \"mudslinging\" ads paid for", "title": "Dow Constantine" }, { "id": "11442723", "score": "1.5693529", "text": "Dow Constantine James Dow Constantine (born November 15, 1961), better known as Dow Constantine, is an American politician in the state of Washington where he currently serves as King County Executive, an office he has held since November 2009. He was previously in the state legislature and on the King County Council, chairing the latter before his election as Executive. Constantine is a self-identified Democrat, although the Executive's office is officially nonpartisan. James Dow Constantine was born and raised in West Seattle, Washington, the son of John and Lois Constantine. In 1980, he graduated from West Seattle High School, where", "title": "Dow Constantine" }, { "id": "11442716", "score": "1.5693529", "text": "Dow Constantine James Dow Constantine (born November 15, 1961), better known as Dow Constantine, is an American politician in the state of Washington where he currently serves as King County Executive, an office he has held since November 2009. He was previously in the state legislature and on the King County Council, chairing the latter before his election as Executive. Constantine is a self-identified Democrat, although the Executive's office is officially nonpartisan. James Dow Constantine was born and raised in West Seattle, Washington, the son of John and Lois Constantine. In 1980, he graduated from West Seattle High School, where", "title": "Dow Constantine" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Susan Hutchison\n\nSusan Hutchison (née Sylvester; born March 24, 1954) is an American television news journalist, educator, and politician who served as chair of the Washington State Republican Party from 2013 to 2018 and was a candidate for United States Senate in 2018. Hutchison was executive director of the Charles and Lisa Simonyi Fund for the Arts and Sciences, chair of the Seattle Symphony, and served on the boards of the Seattle Art Museum, Seattle Children's Hospital, the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, and Young Life.\n\nHutchison is an adjunct professor for Seattle Pacific University's MBA program, instructing graduate students in managerial communications. As a communications consultant and executive coach, she trained more than 100 executives in companies in Seattle, Redmond, and Palo Alto to effectively communicate to audiences.\n\nHutchison spent most of her 25-year journalism career as a news anchor at KIRO-TV news in Seattle, where she received five regional Emmy Awards for writing and producing.\n\nHutchison's husband, Andy, was an executive with the Boeing Company and is a retired Colonel in the United States Marine Corps Reserve.", "title": "Susan Hutchison" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Perry Mason episodes\n\nThis is a list of episodes for \"Perry Mason\", an American legal drama series that aired on CBS television for nine seasons (September 21, 1957 – May 22, 1966). The title character, portrayed by Raymond Burr, is a fictional Los Angeles criminal defense lawyer who originally appeared in detective fiction by Erle Stanley Gardner. Many episodes are based on novels and short stories written by Gardner, with some stories having been adapted more than once.", "title": "List of Perry Mason episodes" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Brown University alumni\n\nThe following is a partial list of notable Brown University alumni, known as Brunonians. It includes alumni of Brown University and Pembroke College, Brown's former women's college. \"Class of\" is used to denote the graduation class of individuals who attended Brown, but did not or have not graduated. When solely the graduation year is noted, it is because it has not yet been determined which degree the individual earned.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of Brown University alumni" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Role of Christianity in civilization" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Millwall F.C.\n\nMillwall Football Club () is a professional football club in Bermondsey, South East London, England. They compete in the EFL Championship, the second tier of English football. Founded as Millwall Rovers in 1885, the club has retained its name despite having last played in the Millwall area of the Isle of Dogs in 1910. From then until 1993, the club played at what is now called The Old Den in New Cross, before moving to its current home stadium nearby, called The Den. The traditional club crest is a lion rampant, referred to in the team's nickname 'The Lions'. Millwall's traditional kit consists of dark blue shirts, white shorts, and blue socks.\n\nMillwall was one of the founding members of the Southern League in 1894. They competed in it for 22 seasons until 1920, claiming the title twice in 1895 and 1896. Since joining the Football League in the 1920–21 season, the club have been promoted eleven times (five times as champions in 1928, 1938, 1962, 1988, and 2001) and relegated nine times. They have spent 89 of their 96 seasons in the Football League yo-yoing between the second and third tiers. The club did have a brief spell in the top flight between 1988 and 1990, in which they achieved their highest ever league finish of tenth place in the First Division in 1988–89. Millwall reached the 2004 FA Cup final and qualified for Europe for the first time in their history, playing in the UEFA Cup. The club have also won two League One play-off finals in 2010 and 2017, the Football League Group Cup in 1983, and were Football League Trophy finalists in 1999.\n\nIn the media, Millwall's supporters have often been associated with hooliganism, with numerous films having been made fictionalising their notoriety. The fans are renowned for their terrace chant \"No one likes us, we don't care\". Millwall have a long-standing rivalry with West Ham United. The local derby between the two sides has been contested almost a hundred times since 1899. The club also share a rivalry with Leeds United, and contest the South London derby with local rivals Crystal Palace and Charlton Athletic.", "title": "Millwall F.C." }, { "id": "11442721", "score": "1.5344654", "text": "campaign on allegations that campaign contributions exceeded single election limits and that expenditures by the campaign were not properly documented. The PDC imposed a $100 fine against Hutchison for exceeding campaign limits and dismissed the failure-to-report allegations. Constantine was endorsed by Governor Christine Gregoire, Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels, US Senators Patty Murray and Maria Cantwell, Washington State Senate Majority Leader Lisa Brown as well as state Senators Ed Murray, Ken Jacobsen, Joe McDermott, and Karen Keiser. Organizations that endorsed Constantine included NARAL Pro-Choice Washington, the Sierra Club, the Cascade Bicycle Club, International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers and the", "title": "Dow Constantine" }, { "id": "11442718", "score": "1.5023646", "text": "in 1990. He served as chair of the 34th District Democrats organization and worked as an aide for King County Council member Greg Nickels. Constantine was elected to the State House of Representatives in 1996. He won re-election in 1998. In 2001, he became a Washington State Senator. He left the state senate in 2002 after being appointed to the King County Council to replace Nickels, who had been elected Seattle mayor. Constantine was a King County Council member from 2002 to 2009, representing the eighth district, which includes West Seattle, parts of Southeast Seattle, North Highline, Burien, Vashon Island,", "title": "Dow Constantine" }, { "id": "3700811", "score": "1.4214146", "text": "Tim Hutchinson Young Timothy Hutchinson (born August 11, 1949) is an American Republican politician, lobbyist, and former United States senator from the state of Arkansas. Hutchinson was born in Bentonville in northwestern Arkansas, the son of John Malcolm Hutchinson, Sr. (1907–91) and Coral Virginia (Mount) Hutchinson (1912–98). He was reared on the family farm in nearby Gravette. He graduated with a B.A. from Bob Jones University and received an M.A. in Political Science from the University of Arkansas (1990). He currently is a lobbyist and is a resident of Alexandria, Virginia. He is married to Randi Fredholm Hutchinson, an attorney", "title": "Tim Hutchinson" }, { "id": "14559148", "score": "1.4168441", "text": "House of Representatives and a son of then-Congressman Tim Hutchinson. Timothy Hutchinson's twin brother, Jeremy Hutchinson, and their mother, Donna Hutchinson, who is divorced from Tim Hutchinson, have also served in the Arkansas House. Asa Hutchinson, a former U.S. representative, the Republican gubernatorial nominee in 2006, the state's current governor, and an uncle of Timothy Hutchinson, said that Dr. Boozman rendered aid to the victims of the accident despite his serious injuries. \"I've never known a more tender-hearted human being. His life was an encouragement to everyone who came in contact with him every day, and losing him is just", "title": "Fay Boozman" }, { "id": "3700819", "score": "1.3967481", "text": "state House. Prior to his election to the Senate in 1996, Tim Hutchinson had also held the Third District U.S. House seat. Tim and Asa Hutchinson are the brothers-in-law of Arkansas State Senator Kim Hendren, who married Hutchinson's sister, Marylea, in 1958. Hendren was a candidate for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate in the 2010 election. On May 18, he lost the primary to current Senator John Boozman. Kim Hendren's son, Jim Hendren, was elected in 2012 to the District 2 seat from Benton County in the Arkansas State Senate. Tim Hutchinson Young Timothy Hutchinson (born August 11, 1949)", "title": "Tim Hutchinson" }, { "id": "11442717", "score": "1.3937409", "text": "he was student body president and an Eagle Scout. He attended the University of Washington (UW), receiving a Bachelor of Arts in political science and graduated as a member of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity. Constantine also served an internship with Washington's 34th Legislative District representative Phil Talmadge. While attending law school, Constantine worked as a disk jockey for the college radio station KCMU. In 1989, Constantine earned a law degree from the University of Washington School of Law. Constantine later returned to obtain a Master's degree in urban planning from UW in 1992. Constantine opened a private law practice", "title": "Dow Constantine" }, { "id": "2323384", "score": "1.393219", "text": "director of the Center for Family Business at Husson College, Bangor, Maine. She served in this post until 1996, when she announced her candidacy for the seat in the U.S. Senate being vacated by her former boss, William Cohen, who retired to become United States Secretary of Defense under President Clinton. With Cohen's public endorsement, she won a difficult four-way primary and faced Joe Brennan, her Democratic opponent from the 1994 gubernatorial election, in the general election. She eventually defeated Brennan by a margin of 49% to 44%. She was reelected in 2002 over State Senator Chellie Pingree (D), 58%–42%,", "title": "Susan Collins" }, { "id": "17534861", "score": "1.3820834", "text": "Senate Majority Leader. Timothy Chad Hutchinson Timothy Chad Hutchinson (born March 4, 1974) is an attorney in Fayetteville, Arkansas, who is a Republican former member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for District 95 in Benton County. He was initially elected in 2004, two years after his father, Tim Hutchinson, lost reelection to Democrat Mark Pryor to a second term in the United States Senate. Born in Kansas City, Kansas, Hutchinson is a 1996 graduate of the Church of Christ-affiliated Harding College in Searcy, Arkansas. In 1999, he received his law degree from the University of Arkansas School of Law", "title": "Timothy Chad Hutchinson" }, { "id": "7248145", "score": "1.3797626", "text": "by Republican Governor Arne Carlson, Hutchinson tendered his resignation. The next year, he joined two partners. Babak Armajani and John James, in forming the Public Strategies Group, a consulting firm that works mainly with public sector customers. During the mid 90s, PSG had a contract to run the Minneapolis public schools and he served as the superintendent of the Minneapolis Public Schools. In 2004, he and colleague David Osborne authored \"The Price of Government: Getting the Results We Need in an Age of Permanent Fiscal Crisis\". On January 25, 2006, he announced that he was running for Governor of Minnesota", "title": "Peter Hutchinson" }, { "id": "12701295", "score": "1.3797419", "text": "who placed second to Cohen in the Democratic primary and then finished second to Simon in committee balloting on March 27, 2010; State Senators Rickey Hendon and Terry Link, State Representative Mike Boland, and electrician Thomas Castillo, all of whom also ran in the primary; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs official Tammy Duckworth; and State Representative Julie Hamos were suggested as possible replacements. Jeff Melvin, a 21-year retired army veteran, also applied to the open nominating call for the Democratic lieutenant governor position. Even though Brady won 98 out of the 102 counties, Quinn narrowly prevailed. Brady won almost everywhere", "title": "2010 Illinois gubernatorial election" }, { "id": "7248147", "score": "1.3763927", "text": "defeated former Jesse Ventura aide Pam Ellison in the September primary, garnering 66% of the vote. He faced incumbent Republican Tim Pawlenty and Democrat Mike Hatch in the general election, in which he was defeated by Pawlenty, earning 141,735 votes for 6.4% of the total. St. Paul's \"Pioneer Press\", Winona's \"Daily News\", and the University of Minnesota's \"The Minnesota Daily\" endorsed Hutchinson for governor. On June 15, 2006, he unveiled \"Team Minnesota\", a group of professionals, politicians, and public servants that he has recruited to run for various statewide offices on the Independence ticket. His lieutenant governor running mate was", "title": "Peter Hutchinson" }, { "id": "3700812", "score": "1.3709286", "text": "in Washington, D.C. He was the first Republican to have been elected to the U.S. Senate in Arkansas since 1879. Hutchinson served in the Arkansas House of Representatives representing part of Fort Smith from 1985 to 1992. In 1992, he ran for the Republican nomination in after the popular 26-year incumbent John P. Hammerschmidt announced his retirement. He defeated a fellow Republican state lawmaker Richard L. Barclay of Rogers, for the Republican nomination. He faced Democrat John VanWinkle, an attorney from Fayetteville, in the general election, and won by only 7,500 votes—a margin of five percent. He owed his victory", "title": "Tim Hutchinson" }, { "id": "14559147", "score": "1.369873", "text": "a crisis pregnancy center. A Republican, Dave Bisbee, was elected to succeed Boozman. The seat was held until 2013 by Kim Hendren, another Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate nomination and a brother-in-law of former U.S. Senator Tim Hutchinson and former U.S. Representative Asa Hutchinson who currently serves as Governor of Arkansas. After an automobile accident in 1996, Boozman suffered serious injuries, including a bruised heart, broken ribs, kidney problems, a collapsed lung, and a broken hip that left him using a walker. He was a passenger in the vehicle driven by Timothy Hutchinson, later a member of the Arkansas", "title": "Fay Boozman" }, { "id": "13379875", "score": "1.3660622", "text": "degree in engineering from the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. He is an Independent Protestant who has been active since 1963 in the Gideons International, the men's group which distributes Bibles in such public places as hotel rooms. He is active in Kiwanis International. Hendren is married to the former Marylea Hutchinson, a sister of former U.S. Senator Tim Hutchinson and former U.S. Representative, former head of the DEA, and current Governor Asa Hutchinson. In 2002, Tim Hutchinson lost his reelection bid to Mark Pryor for the other U.S. Senate seat from Arkansas. Asa Hutchinson lost a Senate race in", "title": "Kim Hendren" }, { "id": "17534857", "score": "1.3649919", "text": "he entered the legislature, Hutchinson had been a deputy prosecutor in Benton and Sebastian counties. He is now a partner in Reece Moore Pendergraft in Fayetteville and practices in the fields of Commercial Litigation, Employment Law, Administrative Law, and Real Estate Litigation. He is a former adjunct professor at John Brown University of Siloam Springs, Arkansas, having instructed employment law, business law, and corporate governance. Former Governor Mike Huckabee named Hutchinson to the Arkansas State Drug and Alcohol Prevention Advisory Board. Hutchinson and his wife, the former Julie Dianne Williams, reside in Springdale, Arkansas. In his first election to the", "title": "Timothy Chad Hutchinson" } ]

[ "stock market crash 1929", "Great Crash of 1929", "The Crash of 1929", "wall st crash", "Wall St crash", "wall street slump in 1929", "Crash of 1929", "Economic crash of 1929", "The Great Crash", "stock market crash of 1929", "Black Friday (1929)", "wall street crash of 1929", "Crisis of 1929", "october 24 1929", "1929 Wall Street Crash", "October 24, 1929", "Panic of 1929", "Wall Street Crash 1929", "1929 Wall Street crash", "wall street crash", "Stock Market Crash 1929", "Wall Street Crash", "1929 stock-market crash", "Great Crash", "great crash", "29 crash", "great crash of 1929", "Great crash", "black tuedsay", "Wall Street slump in 1929", "black friday 1929", "Wall Street Crash of 1929", "1929 wall street crash", "Black tuesday", "1929 stock crash", "Wall Street crash of 1929", "10/24/29", "Wall Street crash", "1929 Stock Market Crash", "crash of 1929", "10 24 29", "The Wall Street Crash", "Black Tuedsay", "Stock market crash of 1929", "October 29, 1929", "october 29 1929", "Crash of '29", "1929 stock market crash", "black tuesday", "wall street krach of 1929", "crash of 29", "economic crash of 1929", "Stock market crash 1929", "wall street krach", "Wall Street Krach", "Stock Market Crash of 1929", "Black Tuesday", "wall street crash 1929", "Wall Street Krach of 1929", "crisis of 1929", "panic of 1929", "'29 crash", "1929 Crash", "1929 crash" ]

[ { "id": "1378949", "score": "1.6540209", "text": "and mid October, with sharp down days punctuated by a few up days. Panic selling on huge volume started the week of October 21 and intensified and culminated on October 24, the 28th, and especially the 29th (\"Black Tuesday\"). The president of the Chase National Bank said at the time: We are reaping the natural fruit of the orgy of speculation in which millions of people have indulged. It was inevitable, because of the tremendous increase in the number of stockholders in recent years, that the number of sellers would be greater than ever when the boom ended and selling", "title": "Wall Street Crash of 1929" }, { "id": "1378939", "score": "1.6363473", "text": "newspapers across the United States. On October 28, \"Black Monday\", more investors facing margin calls decided to get out of the market, and the slide continued with a record loss in the Dow for the day of 38.33 points, or 13%. The next day, \"Black Tuesday\", October 29, 1929, about 16 million shares traded as the panic selling reached its peak. Some stocks actually had no buyers at any price that day (\"air pockets\"). The Dow lost an additional 30 points, or 12 percent. The volume of stocks traded on October 29, 1929, was a record that was not broken", "title": "Wall Street Crash of 1929" }, { "id": "12605982", "score": "1.6291003", "text": "story. While none of the flight crew were injured as a result of the accident, famed aviator Floyd Bennett became ill and died while attempting to salvage the \"Bremen\" from Greenly Island. Edward Jackson personally covered \"Black Thursday,\" October 24, 1929 when Wall Street experienced the beginnings of the famed stock market crash leading to the infamous \"Black Tuesday\" on October 29, 1929 – the beginnings of the Great Depression. Jackson’s camera captured much of this tragedy over the next ten years. The worst and longest economic collapse in history, the depression spread to most of the world’s industrialized countries", "title": "Edward Jackson (photographer)" }, { "id": "5499975", "score": "1.576766", "text": "return to Earth on May 21, 2011, whereupon the saved would be taken up to heaven in the rapture, and that there would follow five months of fire, brimstone and plagues on Earth, with millions of people dying each day, culminating on October 21, 2011, with the final destruction of the world. He had previously predicted that Judgment Day would occur on or about September 6, 1994. His prediction for May 21, 2011 was widely reported, in part because of a large-scale publicity campaign by Family Radio, and it prompted ridicule from atheist organizations and rebuttals from Christian organizations. After", "title": "Harold Camping" }, { "id": "5063977", "score": "1.575341", "text": "had been announced ten days earlier by the chief of the Navy Metheorological Office. August 16, 1906 started as a very clear day, but in the afternoon started to drizzle. As the sun was setting, and when most of the people were having their suppers, came the first shock. It lasted for about 4 minutes. After the first shock, people started to look for survivors. After approximately fifteen minutes, the second shock hit the port. This one was shorter, approximately a minute, but far stronger than the first one. It completed the destruction of the city and caused most of", "title": "Germán Riesco" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Wall Street Crash of 1929\n\nThe Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Great Crash, was a major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929. It started in September and ended late in October, when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed.\n\nIt was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States, when taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its aftereffects. The Great Crash is mostly associated with October 24, 1929, called \"Black Thursday\", the day of the largest sell-off of shares in U.S. history, and October 29, 1929, called \"Black Tuesday\", when investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. The crash, which followed the London Stock Exchange's crash of September, signaled the beginning of the Great Depression.", "title": "Wall Street Crash of 1929" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Great Depression\n\nThe Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagion began around September and led to the Wall Street stock market crash of October 24 (Black Thursday). It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. \n\nBetween 1929 and 1932, worldwide gross domestic product (GDP) fell by an estimated 15%. By comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s. However, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II. Devastating effects were seen in both rich and poor countries with falling personal income, prices, tax revenues, and profits. International trade fell by more than 50%, unemployment in the U.S. rose to 23% and in some countries rose as high as 33%.\n\nCities around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries. Farming communities and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by about 60%. Faced with plummeting demand and few job alternatives, areas dependent on primary sector industries suffered the most.\n\nEconomic historians usually consider the catalyst of the Great Depression to be the sudden devastating collapse of U.S. stock market prices, starting on October 24, 1929. However, some dispute this conclusion, seeing the stock crash less as a cause of the Depression and more as a symptom of the rising nervousness of investors partly due to gradual price declines caused by falling sales of consumer goods (as a result of overproduction because of new production techniques, falling exports and income inequality, among other factors) that had already been underway as part of a gradual Depression.", "title": "Great Depression" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Spanish flu\n\nThe 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, commonly known by the misnomer Spanish flu or as the Great Influenza epidemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. The earliest documented case was March 1918 in Kansas, United States, with further cases recorded in France, Germany and the United Kingdom in April. Two years later, nearly a third of the global population, or an estimated 500 million people, had been infected in four successive waves. Estimates of deaths range from 17 million to 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million, making it one of the deadliest pandemics in history.\n\nThe pandemic broke out near the end of World War I, when wartime censors suppressed bad news in the belligerent countries to maintain morale, but newspapers freely reported the outbreak in neutral Spain, creating a false impression of Spain as the epicenter and leading to the \"Spanish flu\" misnomer.<ref name=Friday/> Limited historical epidemiological data make the pandemic's geographic origin indeterminate, with competing hypotheses on the initial spread.\n\nMost influenza outbreaks disproportionately kill the young and old, with a higher survival rate in-between, but this pandemic had unusually high mortality for young adults. Scientists offer several explanations for the high mortality, including a six-year climate anomaly affecting migration of disease vectors with increased likelihood of spread through bodies of water. The virus was particularly deadly because it triggered a cytokine storm, ravaging the stronger immune system of young adults, although the viral infection was apparently no more aggressive than previous influenza strains. Malnourishment, overcrowded medical camps and hospitals, and poor hygiene, exacerbated by the war, promoted bacterial superinfection, killing most of the victims after a typically prolonged death bed.\n\nThe 1918 Spanish flu was the first of three flu pandemics caused by H1N1 influenza A virus; the most recent one was the 2009 swine flu pandemic. The 1977 Russian flu was also caused by H1N1 virus.", "title": "Spanish flu" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Great Recession\n\nThe Great Recession was a period of marked general decline, i.e. a recession, observed in national economies globally that occurred from late 2007 into 2009. The scale and timing of the recession varied from country to country (see map). At the time, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded that it was the most severe economic and financial meltdown since the Great Depression. One result was a serious disruption of normal international relations.\n\nThe causes of the Great Recession include a combination of vulnerabilities that developed in the financial system, along with a series of triggering events that began with the bursting of the United States housing bubble in 2005–2012. When housing prices fell and homeowners began to abandon their mortgages, the value of mortgage-backed securities held by investment banks declined in 2007–2008, causing several to collapse or be bailed out in September 2008. This 2007–2008 phase was called the subprime mortgage crisis. The combination of banks unable to provide funds to businesses, and homeowners paying down debt rather than borrowing and spending, resulted in the Great Recession that began in the U.S. officially in December 2007 and lasted until June 2009, thus extending over 19 months. As with most other recessions, it appears that no known formal theoretical or empirical model was able to accurately predict the advance of this recession, except for minor signals in the sudden rise of forecast probabilities, which were still well under 50%.\n\nThe recession was not felt equally around the world; whereas most of the world's developed economies, particularly in North America, South America and Europe, fell into a severe, sustained recession, many more recently developed economies suffered far less impact, particularly China, India and Indonesia, whose economies grew substantially during this period. Similarly, Oceania suffered minimal impact, in part due to its proximity to Asian markets.", "title": "Great Recession" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Peter the Great\n\nPeter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great, was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from to 1721 and subsequently the Russian Empire until his death in 1725, jointly ruling with his elder half-brother, Ivan V until 1696. He is primarily credited with the modernisation of the country, transforming it into a European power. \n\nThrough a number of successful wars, he captured ports at Azov and the Baltic Sea, laying the groundwork for the Imperial Russian Navy, ending uncontested Swedish supremacy in the Baltic and beginning the Tsardom's expansion into a much larger empire that became a major European power. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, Westernised and based on the Enlightenment. Peter's reforms had a lasting impact on Russia, and many institutions of the Russian government trace their origins to his reign. He adopted the title of Emperor in place of the old title of Tsar in 1721, and founded and developed the city of Saint Petersburg, which remained the capital of Russia until 1918.\n\nThe first Russian university—Saint Petersburg State University—was founded a year before his death, in 1724. The second one, Moscow State University, was founded 30 years after his death, during the reign of his daughter Elizabeth.", "title": "Peter the Great" }, { "id": "10224992", "score": "1.5578191", "text": "and taught that Christ was invisibly present and ruling from the heavens since that year. Russell proclaimed Christ's invisible return in 1874, the resurrection of the saints in 1875, and predicted the end of the \"harvest\" and the Rapture of the saints to heaven for 1878, and the final end of \"the day of wrath\" in 1914. 1874 was considered the end of 6,000 years of human history and the beginning of judgment by Christ. A 1917 Watch Tower Society publication predicted that in 1918, God would begin to destroy churches and millions of their members. J.F. Rutherford, who succeeded", "title": "Unfulfilled Christian religious predictions" }, { "id": "19915777", "score": "1.5539241", "text": "Black Friday (1916) Black Friday (1916) was October 20, the day a \"perfect storm\" hit Lake Erie, sinking four large ships, killing forty-nine people. The ships that were dispatched to the depths by the violent weather were the James B. Colgate, Marshall F. Butters, D.L. Filer and the Mérida. In the western part of the lake, \"the convergence of two high pressure systems and a minor hurricane\" created the devastating force that day. The whaleback freighter James B. Colgate was sailing to Thunder Bay when it sank around 10 P.P. near Blenheim, Ontario. The ship's captain was the only survivor.", "title": "Black Friday (1916)" }, { "id": "19915779", "score": "1.5405107", "text": "life vests. The wreck has been located. Black Friday (1916) Black Friday (1916) was October 20, the day a \"perfect storm\" hit Lake Erie, sinking four large ships, killing forty-nine people. The ships that were dispatched to the depths by the violent weather were the James B. Colgate, Marshall F. Butters, D.L. Filer and the Mérida. In the western part of the lake, \"the convergence of two high pressure systems and a minor hurricane\" created the devastating force that day. The whaleback freighter James B. Colgate was sailing to Thunder Bay when it sank around 10 P.P. near Blenheim, Ontario.", "title": "Black Friday (1916)" }, { "id": "627458", "score": "1.5319746", "text": "and quickly spread around the world. By the end of October, stock markets in Hong Kong had fallen 45.5%, Australia 41.8%, Spain 31%, the United Kingdom 26.4%, the United States 22.68%, and Canada 22.5%. Black Monday itself was the largest one-day percentage decline in stock market history – the Dow Jones fell by 22.6% in a day. The names \"Black Monday\" and \"Black Tuesday\" are also used for October 28–29, 1929, which followed Terrible Thursday—the starting day of the stock market crash in 1929. The crash in 1987 raised some puzzles – main news and events did not predict the", "title": "Stock market" }, { "id": "2164809", "score": "1.5290904", "text": "October: Ten Days That Shook the World October: Ten Days That Shook the World (; translit. \"Oktyabr': Desyat' dney kotorye potryasli mir\") is a 1928 Soviet silent historical film by Sergei Eisenstein and Grigori Aleksandrov. It is a celebratory dramatization of the 1917 October Revolution commissioned for the tenth anniversary of the event. Originally released as October in the Soviet Union, the film was re-edited and released internationally as Ten Days That Shook The World, after John Reed's popular book on the Revolution. In U.S. released by Amkino Corporation and First National (later was a subsidiary of Warner Bros.). The", "title": "October: Ten Days That Shook the World" }, { "id": "2164821", "score": "1.5278187", "text": "first time nor the last—for excessive \"formalism\". He was also required to re-edit the work to expurgate references to Leon Trotsky, who had recently been purged by Joseph Stalin. In spite of the film's lack of popular acceptance, film historians consider it to be an immensely rich experience—a sweeping historical epic of vast scale, and a powerful testament to Eisenstein's creativity and artistry. Vsevolod Pudovkin, after viewing the film, remarked, \"How I should like to make such a powerful failure.\" October: Ten Days That Shook the World October: Ten Days That Shook the World (; translit. \"Oktyabr': Desyat' dney kotorye", "title": "October: Ten Days That Shook the World" }, { "id": "1943366", "score": "1.5249181", "text": "itself was print in the rubble, in spite of which it was able to issue its two daily numbers. \"El Guatemalteco\", the official newspaper, showed the impact of the disaster: its regular publication was interrupted from 22 December 1917 to 21 January 1918; when it reappeared, it was in a much smaller format. Opposition to his regime started after the 1917-1918 earthquakes as it was evident that the President was incapable of leading the recovery efforts. Bishop of Facelli, Piñol y Batres from the Aycinena family, began preaching against the government policies in the San Francisco Church in 1919, instructed", "title": "Manuel Estrada Cabrera" }, { "id": "3057863", "score": "1.5159", "text": "only. Note that the Gregorian calendar was not adopted simultaneously in all countries, so for many centuries, different regions used different dates for the same day. Suppose you want to know the day of the week of September 18, 1985. You begin with the century's anchor day, Wednesday. To this, we'll add three things, called , , and above: This yields . Counting 8 days from Wednesday, we reach Thursday, which is the doomsday in 1985. (Using numbers: In modulo 7 arithmetic, 8 is congruent to 1. Because the century's anchor day is Wednesday (index 3), and 3 + 1", "title": "Doomsday rule" }, { "id": "1378931", "score": "1.5148622", "text": "Wall Street Crash of 1929 The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Stock Market Crash of 1929 or the Great Crash, is the stock market crash that occurred in late October, 1929. It started on October 24 (\"Black Thursday\") and continued until October 29, 1929 (\"Black Tuesday\"), when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed. It was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States, when taking into consideration the full extent and duration of its after effects. The crash, which followed the London Stock Exchange's crash of September, signalled", "title": "Wall Street Crash of 1929" }, { "id": "13340720", "score": "1.5147359", "text": "miracles of 17th-century icons at the end of the great plague of 1654-1655; the laity believed that prayers in front of these icons enabled the survival of the Tsar. A special icon of the \"God's Grace on the 17th of October\", made for the occasion, widely circulated in photographic copies. Moscow, the old shrine of Orthodoxy, was perceived as the source of the miracle; a contemporary pamphlet declared that the \"power that Moscow had professed and that had exalted her revoked these laws [of Nature]\". Immediately after the crash Chief Inspector of Railways, Baron Sherval, who had been travelling on", "title": "Borki train disaster" }, { "id": "12819985", "score": "1.5130104", "text": "storm and other historical events in a two-part song on her 2001 album \"Time (The Revelator)\": \"April the 14th Part I\" and \"Ruination Day Part II\". Black Sunday (storm) Black Sunday refers to a particularly severe dust storm that occurred on April 14, 1935, as part of the Dust Bowl. It was one of the worst dust storms in American history and it caused immense economic and agricultural damage. It is estimated to have displaced 300 million tons of topsoil from the prairie area in the US. On the afternoon of April 14, the residents of the Plains States were", "title": "Black Sunday (storm)" }, { "id": "5499993", "score": "1.5069568", "text": "Camping used the Gregorian calendar, while most commentators use the older Julian calendar, which had a two-day difference during the 1st century AD (they now differ by thirteen days). In 1992, Camping published a book titled \"1994?\", in which he proclaimed that Christ's return might be on September 6, 1994. In that publication, he also mentioned that 2011 could be the end of the world. Camping's predictions use 1988 as a significant year in the events preceding the apocalypse; this was also the year he left Alameda Bible Fellowship. As a result, some individuals criticized him for \"date-setting.\" Camping's later", "title": "Harold Camping" }, { "id": "18333673", "score": "1.5023514", "text": "The numbering of the years, though, remained uniquely Turkish until the Gregorian calendar was introduced for general purposes on 1 January 1927. In Russia, the Gregorian calendar was accepted after the October Revolution. On 24 January 1918 the Council of People's Commissars issued a decree that Wednesday, 31 January 1918, was to be followed by Thursday, 14 February 1918, thus dropping 13 days from the calendar. With the change, the October Revolution itself, once converted, took place on November 7. Articles about the October Revolution which mention this date difference tend to do a full conversion to the dates from", "title": "Adoption of the Gregorian calendar" }, { "id": "5799602", "score": "1.5011033", "text": "waves of the introduction of this suffix into English language. The first was driven by Yinglish words contributed by Yiddish speakers from Eastern Europe. The second surge was observed after the launch of the first Sputnik satellite by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. In his book \"The American Language\", first published in 1919, H. L. Mencken (1880–1956) credited the mania for adding \"-nik\" to the ends of adjectives to create nouns to Al Capp's American comic strip \"Li'l Abner\" (1934–77) rather than to the influence of \"Sputnik\", first recorded in 1957, or \"beatnik\", first recorded in 1958. Words", "title": "-nik" }, { "id": "16700838", "score": "1.4991009", "text": "by Dr. Matson's wife, and her work hours were initially presented as being 8 a.m.-9 p.m. She would find the reality being longer hours and seven days a week, eventually collapsing on the floor from exhaustion. It was during this period she also began to study the correlation of a patient's diet to their dental health. At 5:12 a.m. on April 18, 1906, San Francisco felt the first foreshock, followed within 20 to 25 seconds later by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the resulting fire. The disaster caused 3,000 deaths, destroyed 28,000 buildings and left 225,000 persons without housing.", "title": "Leonie von Meusebach–Zesch" } ]

[ "Dogbert's Clues for the Clueless", "Dogbert's Top Secret Management Handbook", "ELBONIA", "Still Pumped from Using the Mouse", "Positive Attitude (comic book)", "fluorescent light glistens off your head", "it s not funny if i have to explain it", "dogbert s top secret management handbook", "random acts of management", "dilbert induhvidual", "elbonia", "Frooglepoopillion", "Excuse Me While I Wag", "When Did Ignorance Become A Point Of View%3F", "Build A Better Life By Stealing Office Supplies", "Dilbert (comic)", "fugitive from cubicle police", "dilbert gives you business", "Elbonia", "Dogbert's Top-Secret Management Handbook", "Don't Stand Where the Comet is Assumed to Strike Oil", "Thriving on Vague Objectives", "ttp project", "Dilbert", "Positive Attitude (Dilbert book)", "It's Not Funny If I Have To Explain It", "Words You Don't Want to Hear During Your Annual Performance Review", "Don't Step In The Leadership", "bring me head of willy mailboy", "dogbert s clues for clueless", "Always Postpone Meetings with Time-Wasting Morons", "Positive Attitude (book)", "st dogbert", "thriving on vague objectives", "still pumped from using mouse", "Dilbert (comic strip)", "don t step in leadership", "Ashook", "frooglepoopillion", "positive attitude dilbert book", "dilbert comic", "elbonian", "ashook", "Dilbert Image Gallery", "excuse me while i wag", "Induhvidual", "dilbert", "Try Rebooting Yourself", "i m not anti business i m anti idiot", "dilbert image gallery", "induhvidual", "Dogbert (comics)", "The ttp project", "Fugitive from the cubicle police", "journey to cubeville", "north elbonia", "Dogbert’s Top Secret Management Handbook", "Casual Day Has Gone Too Far", "Bring Me the Head of Willy the Mailboy!", "Dilbert Gives You the Business", "I'm Not Anti-Business, I'm Anti-Idiot", "positive attitude comics", "always postpone meetings with time wasting morons", "words you don t want to hear during your annual performance review", "When Body Language Goes Bad", "The Fluorescent Light Glistens Off Your Head", "North Elbonia", "Another Day In Cubicle Paradise", "The TTP Project", "Journey to Cubeville", "positive attitude book", "try rebooting yourself", "it s obvious you won t survive by your wits alone", "Dilbert gives you the business", "It's Obvious You Won't Survive By Your Wits Alone", "casual day has gone too far", "Build a Better Life by Stealing Office Supplies", "Dilbertian", "dilbertian", "Elbonian", "Dilbert/Induhvidual", "Another Day in Cubicle Paradise", "This is the Part Where You Pretend to Add Value", "another day in cubicle paradise", "build better life by stealing office supplies", "shave whales", "dogbert comics", "Shave the Whales", "when body language goes bad", "don t stand where comet is assumed to strike oil", "this is part where you pretend to add value", "St. Dogbert", "when did ignorance become point of view 3f", "dilbert comic strip", "Fugitive From the Cubicle Police", "positive attitude comic book", "Don't Step in the Leadership", "Positive Attitude (comics)", "Random Acts of Management" ]

[ { "id": "106636", "score": "1.9154379", "text": "and has limited technology. Elbonia is located somewhere in the former Soviet bloc: A strip dated April 2, 1990, refers to the \"Tiny East European country of Elbonia.\" It is an extremely poor, fourth-world country that has abandoned Communism. The national bird of Elbonia is the Frisbee. His full title is Phil, the Prince of Insufficient Light & Supreme Ruler of Heck. The Pointy-Haired Boss's brother Phil, has the job of being one step down from Satan. His job is to punish those who commit minor sins, and his 'Pitch-Spoon' is feared by those who do. He is known to", "title": "Dilbert" }, { "id": "9061745", "score": "1.6528475", "text": "Pokolistan Pokolistan is a fictional country appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. It is depicted as a former Soviet state and was introduced during Joe Kelly's run on the Superman titles. A former Soviet republic, Pokolistan was a military dictatorship ruled by General Zod, supported by three metahumans Faora, Ignition and Kancer. While its citizens were not necessarily free, they were healthy, safe and prosperous. Much of the nation's prosperity was due to the usage of Kryptonian technology. Consisting mainly of annexed land from Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic, the country is roughly the size of", "title": "Pokolistan" }, { "id": "7777860", "score": "1.6024351", "text": "America. A feuding nation, the People's Republic of Rodina, is presumably a combination of Russia and China, creating a mood through the book that mirrors the Cold War between capitalism and communism (\"Rodina\" is Russian for \"motherland\"). The lead character, Cassie Heloise Starkweather, or Cassie, could see dead people when she was a child, but she repressed the talent. As a college student, she finds herself on the run after a pair of dark spirits catches her talking to the soul of her recently deceased roommate and teammate, Helene Mengert, a young Welkin State University gymnast who had been inadvertently", "title": "Route 666 (comics)" }, { "id": "6600216", "score": "1.5792595", "text": "Bialya Bialya is a fictional country appearing in multiple comic book series published by DC Comics. It was featured in issues of \"Justice League International\" as written by Keith Giffen and J.M. DeMatteis. It originally appeared in \"Justice League\" #2 (June 1987) It has existed as a country since at least during the Vietnam War. It is north of its neighbors, real-life countries Saudi Arabia and Iran. Originally ruled by the buffoonish Col. Rumaan Harjavti, the country was taken over by the ruthless femme fatale Queen Bee. She was eventually killed by Harjavti's brother Sumaan, who was in turn replaced", "title": "Bialya" }, { "id": "7649399", "score": "1.5633388", "text": "Carpathian mountains, but is not an independent country.) \"The Grand Budapest Hotel\", a 2014 comedy film written and directed by Wes Anderson, is set in the fictional nation of Zubrowka, a central European alpine state teetering on the outbreak of war. In 2015 James Dunford Wood's \"Continental with Juice\" imagined a scenario in which the modern-day Ruritania (a recent ex-Soviet republic) is bankrupt after the European debt crisis. Refused a loan by Germany's Chancellor Merkel, the country is forced to consider resurrecting the monarchy via the long-defunct Elpherg dynasty, in order to earn tourist dollars. Avram Davidson's Doctor Eszterhazy stories", "title": "Ruritanian romance" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of fictional European countries\n\nThis is a partial list of fictional countries in Europe.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of fictional European countries" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of fictional countries\n\nThis is a list of fictional countries from published works of fiction (books, films, television series, games, etc.). Fictional works describe all the countries in the following list as located somewhere as we know it – as opposed to underground, inside the planet, on another world, or during a different \"age\" of the planet with a different physical geography.\n\n", "title": "List of fictional countries" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of fictional countries by region\n\nThis list of fictional countries groups fictional countries and imagined nations together, by the region of the world in which they are supposed to be located.\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of fictional countries by region" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Dilbert\n\nDilbert is an American comic strip written and illustrated by Scott Adams, first published on April 16, 1989. It is known for its satirical office humor about a white-collar, micromanaged office with engineer Dilbert as the title character. It has spawned dozens of books, an animated television series, a video game, and hundreds of themed merchandise items. \"Dilbert Future\" and \"The Joy of Work\" are among the most read books in the series. In 1997, Adams received the National Cartoonists Society Reuben Award and the Newspaper Comic Strip Award for his work. \"Dilbert\" appears online and as of 2013 was published daily in 2,000 newspapers in 65 countries and 25 languages.", "title": "Dilbert" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/April 2005" }, { "id": "7812472", "score": "1.5526786", "text": "have no need of outside investors or a tourist market. This, along with the (intentionally fostered) negative international image, keeps many foreigners out of Transia. Transia Transia (also Republic of Transia) is a fictional European country appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is one of several fictional countries in Eastern Europe created for Marvel Comics. In nearly all story lines, the Republic of Transia is located between Romania and Serbia. More than 90% of its people live in one large town (\"East Transia\") and a number of smaller villages located at the base of Mount Wundagore.", "title": "Transia" }, { "id": "2923198", "score": "1.5253947", "text": "\"it does reflect some of the prejudices which are taking root [in Europe]. He [Mr Gleisner] does try and show exactly where we are lacking in our knowledge, the sad thing is, some people might actually believe that this country exists.\" Subsequent travel guide parodies published examine Southeast Asian nation \"Phaic Tăn\" (published in 2004) and \"San Sombrèro\" in Latin America (published in 2006). Molvanîa Molvanîa (subtitled \"A Land Untouched by Modern Dentistry\") is a book parodying travel guidebooks. The guide describes the fictional country Molvanîa, a Soviet state, a nation described as \"the birthplace of the whooping cough\" and", "title": "Molvanîa" }, { "id": "2923192", "score": "1.5243351", "text": "video segment produced in association with the book on its international flights. The Republic of Molvanîa is a composite of many of the worst stereotypes and clichés about Soviet states. The exact location of Molvanîa is never specified; it is said to border Germany, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, and Romania. The shape of the country with its divisions strongly suggests Moldova, and the name has similarities (as has the location description by the authors as \"somewhere between Romania and downwind from Chernobyl\"); it can also represent a composite country consisting of parts of Hungary, Czech Republic, Croatia, Serbia, Slovakia, Austria, and", "title": "Molvanîa" }, { "id": "7812468", "score": "1.5228479", "text": "Transia Transia (also Republic of Transia) is a fictional European country appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is one of several fictional countries in Eastern Europe created for Marvel Comics. In nearly all story lines, the Republic of Transia is located between Romania and Serbia. More than 90% of its people live in one large town (\"East Transia\") and a number of smaller villages located at the base of Mount Wundagore. The country is presented as mainly Slavic, with a Muslim minority in the western province Romani. President Russoff was a Secret Police Official in the", "title": "Transia" }, { "id": "9154142", "score": "1.5128722", "text": "describe his postwar experiences in the Soviet Union, including his travel on the Trans-Siberian Railway, and his travels to Central Asian and Transcaucasian republics of the Soviet Union, today Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. The second part of the book, \"From a Bird's-eye View (1989-1991)\", makes up over one half of the book, and is a travelogue from his lone trips around the Soviet Union during its collapse. In the European part of the USSR Kapuściński visited, among others, Brest, Moscow and Donetsk, in the Far North - Magadan and Vorkuta, in the South - Tbilisi and", "title": "Imperium (Polish book)" }, { "id": "7812934", "score": "1.5065713", "text": "Symkaria Symkaria is a fictional Eastern European country appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The country was created by Tom DeFalco for the Marvel Universe. It is one of several fictional countries in Eastern Europe created for Marvel Comics. The fictional country is mostly known as being the home of Silver Sable and the Wild Pack team though it is used throughout the Marvel Universe. The country has appeared in issues of \"Silver Sable\", \"Silver Sable and the Wild Pack\", \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", \"Thunderbolts\", \"Citizen V and the V-Battalion\", and other comics published by Marvel Comics. Symkaria", "title": "Symkaria" }, { "id": "9911183", "score": "1.5057557", "text": "Plop: The Hairless Elbonian Plop: The Hairless Elbonian is an experimental spinoff of the \"Dilbert\" comic strip, both by Scott Adams. It follows the life of the titular Elbonian who, having absolutely no hair, is unusual in his country. Twenty-eight comics were published in 2001 but none has been seen since, mainly because they were produced in the summer of 2001; Adams was doubtful about making a comic about \"people who look like the Taliban\" in the wake of 9/11, so the project was shelved \"probably permanently\" according to Adams. Plop was so named because, according to Adams, that was", "title": "Plop: The Hairless Elbonian" }, { "id": "240113", "score": "1.5042381", "text": "two countries. This would be ignored and retconned away in later Ultimate Marvel titles. Latveria Latveria is a fictional nation appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. It is depicted within the storylines of Marvel's comic titles as an isolated European country ruled by the fictional Supreme Lord Doctor Doom, supposedly located in the Banat region. It is surrounded by the Carpathian Mountains, and also borders Symkaria (home of Silver Sable) to the south. Its capital is Doomstadt. Latveria first appeared in \"Fantastic Four Annual\" #2, published in 1964. Victor von Doom is the ruler of Latveria. Though", "title": "Latveria" }, { "id": "7812938", "score": "1.5020154", "text": "war. The two countries then play host to a battle between the Avengers and the Transformers. Symkaria Symkaria is a fictional Eastern European country appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The country was created by Tom DeFalco for the Marvel Universe. It is one of several fictional countries in Eastern Europe created for Marvel Comics. The fictional country is mostly known as being the home of Silver Sable and the Wild Pack team though it is used throughout the Marvel Universe. The country has appeared in issues of \"Silver Sable\", \"Silver Sable and the Wild Pack\", \"The", "title": "Symkaria" }, { "id": "9061746", "score": "1.5000423", "text": "Massachusetts. It also corresponds to exactly the same geographical location as the nation of Modora. As yet, the exact details of how Pokolistan came to occupy the same space as Modora remain unknown. Pokolistan quickly became an orderly society under Zod's rule. Since Zod's death in battle with Superman, neither Pokolistan nor Zod's team have been revisited in any DC titles. Pokolistan Pokolistan is a fictional country appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. It is depicted as a former Soviet state and was introduced during Joe Kelly's run on the Superman titles. A former Soviet republic, Pokolistan", "title": "Pokolistan" }, { "id": "5707596", "score": "1.4882953", "text": "is also never identified (though the novels themselves are written in Russian). There are several cities (Liss, Zurbagan, San Riole, etc.) mentioned in several of the novels, but none of them are identified as a capital. Grinlandia Grinlandia () is the fantasy world where most of the novels and short stories of Alexander Grin take place. The name of the country is never mentioned by the author himself, and the name Grinlandia was suggested in 1934 by literary critic Korneliy Zelinsky and adopted by Grin's fans since then. The Alexander Grin museum in Theodosia contains the reconstructed map of the", "title": "Grinlandia" }, { "id": "11508721", "score": "1.4857057", "text": "and late-eighties (see Glasnost) brought some changes in the field of comics. Some foreign comics were allowed to be published in Hungarian, not just comics from the Eastern Bloc (e.g. \"Mozaik\") or comics from communist French publisher L'Humanité (\"Vaillant\", \"Pif Gadget\"), but some politically 'harmless' series as \"Asterix\" and \"Lucky Luke\" (as Wilám Will) in Alfa, \"Tom and Jerry\" (as Tom és Jerry since 1987), \"Mickey Mouse\" (as Miki egér from 1988) and Swedish \"Bobo\" and \"Góliát\" (both from 1986), \"Tumak\", \"Pink Panther, Nils Holgerson\", etc. One of the most important magazines of the era was \"Kockás\", that selected stories", "title": "Hungarian comics" }, { "id": "7812936", "score": "1.4836297", "text": "next to Latveria, are shown in the \"Silver Sable\" series. Symkaria remained associated with the character Silver Sable until the year 2000 when it was expanded to be included in the comic book series \"Thunderbolts\". The fictional country has since been included in multiple comic book series as part of the Marvel Universe. Symkaria is generally presented as a small nation in Eastern Europe that borders Latveria. Symkaria is used as the home to the criminal fighter and mercenary, Silver Sable and her Wild Pack. The Wild Pack is a mercenary force, focusing on humanitarian and Nazi-hunting missions, and is", "title": "Symkaria" }, { "id": "9509076", "score": "1.4797959", "text": "Vlatava (comics) Vlatava is a fictional country in the DC Comics Universe. Vlatava is a small eastern European country that fell under the domination of the Soviet Union and was later devastated by The Spectre. The country had a long-standing history of cleansing genocides, blood feuds and internal wars lasting for decades. The supervillain Count Vertigo was the last, surviving descendant of the royal family of Vlatava. His status as a political figure was frequently exploited in storylines, though he made little effort to reclaim his throne. The Count's insanity also allowed him to be manipulated easily, until after being", "title": "Vlatava (comics)" }, { "id": "6600227", "score": "1.478215", "text": "out of Bialya. They were part of the fatalities when A.R.G.U.S. was attacked on all fronts. Another mention of the country, regarding the New 52 continuity, is made in the 2011 Batman annual. It's learned several American reporters were once sent as war correspondents to Bialya. In \"\", it's classed as a last level as the team locate Aquagirl and last statue fragment from Klarion the Witch Boy and Blockbuster. Bialya Bialya is a fictional country appearing in multiple comic book series published by DC Comics. It was featured in issues of \"Justice League International\" as written by Keith Giffen", "title": "Bialya" } ]

[ "national parliament", "parliaments", "Parliarment", "cabinet parliamentary", "parliamnet", "parlament", "parliaments of europe", "Parlament", "Parliament", "parliamentary government", "parliament", "parliment", "National Parliaments", "Cabinet-parliamentary", "National parliament", "Parlaiment", "Parliaments", "Parliamnet", "Parliamentary government", "parliarment", "national parliaments", "Parliaments of Europe", "National Parliament", "parlaiment", "Parliment" ]

[ { "id": "999261", "score": "1.4341533", "text": "Parliament-Funkadelic Parliament-Funkadelic (abbreviated as P-Funk) is an American funk music collective of rotating musicians headed by George Clinton, primarily consisting of the individual bands Parliament and Funkadelic, both active since the 1960s. Their distinctive funk style drew on psychedelic culture, outlandish fashion, science-fiction, and surreal humor; it would have an influential effect on subsequent funk, post-punk, hip-hop, and post-disco artists of the 1980s and 1990s, while their collective mythology would help pioneer Afrofuturism. The collective's origins date back to the doo-wop group the Parliaments, formed by Clinton in the late 1950s in Plainfield, New Jersey. Under the influence of late-1960s", "title": "Parliament-Funkadelic" }, { "id": "999269", "score": "1.4215451", "text": "from the collective. The Parliament albums of this period had become concept albums with themes from science fiction and afro-futurism, elaborate political and sociological themes, and an evolving storyline with recurring fictional characters. Parliament-Funkadelic stage shows (particularly the P-Funk Earth Tour of 1976) were expanded to include imagery from science fiction and a stage prop known as the Mothership. These concepts came to be known as the P-Funk mythology. By the late 1970s the Parliament-Funkadelic collective became over-extended and several key members departed acrimoniously over disagreements with Clinton and his management style. Original Parliaments members Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon, and", "title": "Parliament-Funkadelic" }, { "id": "999719", "score": "1.3903106", "text": "include former long-time James Brown collaborators Fred Wesley and Alfred \"Pee Wee\" Ellis. Parliament (band) Parliament is a funk band formed in the late 1960s by George Clinton as part of his Parliament-Funkadelic collective. Less rock-oriented than its sister act Funkadelic, Parliament drew on science-fiction and outlandish performances in their work. The band scored a number of Top 10 hits, including the million-selling 1975 single \"Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof off the Sucker),\" and Top 40 albums such as \"Mothership Connection\" (1975). Parliament was originally The Parliaments, a doo-wop vocal group based at a Plainfield, New Jersey barbershop.", "title": "Parliament (band)" }, { "id": "19401434", "score": "1.3779409", "text": "or pop sound (vocals, chordal accompaniment, bass lines, and percussion or drumming). Two-member rock and pop bands typically omit one of these musical elements. In many cases, two-member bands will omit a drummer, since guitars, bass guitars, and keyboards can all be used to provide a rhythmic pulse. Examples of two-member bands are The White Stripes, Pet Shop Boys, Hella, Flight of the Conchords, the Ting Tings, Hall & Oates, Twenty One Pilots and T. Rex (until shortly after scoring their UK breakthrough hit, at which point they expanded to a four piece). When electronic sequencers became widely available in", "title": "Band (rock and pop)" }, { "id": "16975062", "score": "1.3667351", "text": "progresses, eventually opening back up into the brand of that the trio is most associated with.\" Birds in Row is a three-piece band with a guitarist/vocalist, a bassist and a drummer. The faces of the members are intentionally cropped out of promotional photographs and music videos, and the original individual members were usually only referred to by the single letter initials: B, D or T. Birds in Row consciously make this effort in order to appear as a single entity rather than three individuals. The band commented, \"It's not about some individuals, but songs, ideas, points of view that our", "title": "Birds in Row" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "California" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Unusual articles" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Turkey" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Kalākaua" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Ariana Grande" }, { "id": "1102800", "score": "1.348845", "text": "a group called The Holidays, as the other Parliaments didn't make it to Detroit that week. Revilot went out of business, and in the process, the group lost their name, The Parliaments. By 1970, the five Parliaments singers were touring with five backing musicians known separately as Funkadelic. The highly rehearsed performances and suited look of The Parliaments gave way to the members dressing in their own outrageous styles. Haskins wore long johns on stage. Due to the contractual issues surrounding the group name, Clinton signed the band as Funkadelic to Westbound Records. The ensemble released their first album \"Funkadelic\"", "title": "Fuzzy Haskins" }, { "id": "999735", "score": "1.3479793", "text": "took longer to blossom in Parliament's output. Generally speaking, Parliament was a dance-oriented band, while Funkadelic was more serious and psychedelic. The two bands shared personnel, and Clinton blurred the lines between them both by referring to his touring band as \"A Parliafunkadelicment Thang\". The shorthand for this conglomerate became \"P-Funk\", and it grew to include offshoots like P-Funk All Stars, Bootsy's Rubber Band, Parlet, The Brides of Funkenstein, The Horny Horns, and solo albums by Eddie Hazel and Bernie Worrell. By the mid 70s, P-Funk was a massively successful group of acts. A ranking of the top live acts", "title": "P-Funk mythology" }, { "id": "999710", "score": "1.3341", "text": "Parliament (band) Parliament is a funk band formed in the late 1960s by George Clinton as part of his Parliament-Funkadelic collective. Less rock-oriented than its sister act Funkadelic, Parliament drew on science-fiction and outlandish performances in their work. The band scored a number of Top 10 hits, including the million-selling 1975 single \"Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof off the Sucker),\" and Top 40 albums such as \"Mothership Connection\" (1975). Parliament was originally The Parliaments, a doo-wop vocal group based at a Plainfield, New Jersey barbershop. The group was formed in the late 1950s and included George Clinton, Ray", "title": "Parliament (band)" }, { "id": "548996", "score": "1.3315489", "text": "a delegate. A \"legislative body\", which is a legally established public lawmaking body. It consists of representatives chosen by the electorate. Examples include national legislatures such as parliaments, and local government councils such as state legislatures, regional assemblies and city councils. A \"board\", which is an administrative, managerial, or quasi-judicial body. A board derives its power from an outside authority that defines the scope of its operations. Examples include an organized society's or company's board of directors and government agency boards like a board of education. A \"committee\" is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative", "title": "Deliberative assembly" }, { "id": "549037", "score": "1.3267739", "text": "by the executive are also used, particularly for bicameral legislatures featuring an upper chamber. Names for national legislatures include \"parliament\", \"congress\", \"diet\", and \"assembly\", depending on country. Each chamber of the legislature consists of a number of legislators who use some form of parliamentary procedure to debate political issues and vote on proposed legislation. There must be a certain number of legislators present to carry out these activities; this is called a quorum. Some of the responsibilities of a legislature, such as giving first consideration to newly proposed legislation, are usually delegated to committees made up of a few of", "title": "Legislature" }, { "id": "10635617", "score": "1.325812", "text": "moving its head in a constant search for prey, while it flicks its tail and wings, jerks its body and cocks its head. In the austral winter and early spring often forms \"parliaments\", which are congregations of up to ten birds, often consisting of birds of one sex. The birds in these parliaments display by flicking their wings to make a noise known as \"wing-fripping\" and call at each other and very often actually engage in fights between birds. Chinspot batises are territorial throughout the year, defending an area of around which the male advertises with a descending three note", "title": "Chinspot batis" }, { "id": "8972240", "score": "1.3208575", "text": "Bird include the hooded crow, Eurasian jay, lappet-faced vulture, barbary falcon, hoopoe, pharaoh eagle-owl, common cuckoo, Tristram's starling, Palestine sunbird, Sinai rosefinch, lesser kestrel, house crow and the white-spectacled bulbul. Jordan is a unitary state under a constitutional monarchy. Jordan's constitution, adopted in 1952 and amended a number of times since, is the legal framework that governs the monarch, government, bicameral legislature and judiciary. The king retains wide executive and legislative powers from the government and parliament. The king exercises his powers through the government that he appoints for a four-year term, which is responsible before the parliament that is", "title": "Jordan" }, { "id": "15066150", "score": "1.3191848", "text": "which Berry and his characters convey the bonds of a community within its given geographical location. The \"membership\" consists of any person who recognizes his or her place among—and responsibility to the well-being of—the land, animals, and people of the place. In the story \"The Wild Birds,\" the character Burley Coulter explains what he means by 'membership,' This concept is drawn from St. Paul's understanding, \"For as the body is one and has many members, but all the members of that one body, being many, are one body, so also is Christ.\" (1 Corinthians 12.12) Concerning Burley's \"Everything,\" Berry has", "title": "Port William (Wendell Berry)" }, { "id": "1846071", "score": "1.318613", "text": "his drum set and hung slinkies from his cymbals for a \"musique concrète\" effect. As the group's founder and leader, Byrd stated that his aesthetic aims for the band and album were to form \"an avant-garde political/musical rock group with the idea of combining electronic sound (not electronic music)... musical/political radicalism... [and] performance art.\" According to Moskowitz, the choice of the band name \"The United States of America\" was intentionally provocative: \"Using the full name of the country for something so common as a rock group was a way of expressing disdain for governmental policy. It was like hanging the", "title": "The United States of America (band)" }, { "id": "11318523", "score": "1.3150501", "text": "advisory about the \"brown acid\" at Woodstock. Birds Birds were originally called \"the Thunderbirds\" and, after changing their name to \"the Birds\", brought a lawsuit against the Byrds when they arrived in England in 1965, in an unsuccessful attempt to get them to change their name. The album closes with both sides of their last 45, which was issued under the new name. The leaders of the band were Ron Wood, who next moved to the Jeff Beck Group before gaining international fame with the Faces and the Rolling Stones; and Kim Gardner, who joined The Creation. Side 1: Side", "title": "English Freakbeat, Volume 1" }, { "id": "999668", "score": "1.3140547", "text": "a contractual dispute surrounding the bankruptcy of Revilot Records and temporarily lost the rights to the name \"The Parliaments.\" In order to continue recording for other labels, Clinton renamed the entire ensemble Funkadelic (a name coined by bassist Billy Bass Nelson). Clinton positioned Funkadelic as a funk-rock band featuring the five backing musicians with the five Parliaments singers as uncredited guests. When Revilot declared bankruptcy the Parliaments were sold to Atlantic Records, and Clinton abandoned doo-wop to avoid working for Atlantic. Even with Funkadelic operating as a recording and touring entity, in 1970 Clinton relaunched the Parliaments as a new", "title": "The Parliaments" }, { "id": "4346344", "score": "1.3135971", "text": "Legislative chamber A legislative chamber or house is a deliberative assembly within a legislature which generally meets and votes separately from the legislature's other chambers. Legislatures are usually unicameral, consisting of only one chamber, or bicameral, consisting of two, but there are rare examples of tricameral and tetracameral legislatures. The lower house is almost always the originator of legislation, and the upper house is the body that offers the \"second look\" and decides whether to veto or approve the bills. In the United Kingdom legislation can be originated in either house, but the lower house can ultimately prevail if the", "title": "Legislative chamber" }, { "id": "143892", "score": "1.3116708", "text": "approach. Innovations were prominently made by George Clinton, with his bands Parliament and Funkadelic. Together, they produced a new kind of funk sound heavily influenced by jazz and psychedelic rock. The two groups shared members and are often referred to collectively as \"Parliament-Funkadelic.\" The breakout popularity of Parliament-Funkadelic gave rise to the term \"P-Funk\", which referred to the music by George Clinton's bands, and defined a new subgenre. Clinton played a principal role in several other bands, including Parlet, the Horny Horns, and the Brides of Funkenstein, all part of the P-Funk conglomerate. \"P-funk\" also came to mean something in", "title": "Funk" }, { "id": "549041", "score": "1.3099284", "text": "single legislator can also be described as a \"seat\", as, for, example, in the phrases \"safe seat\" and \"marginal seat\". A legislature may debate and vote upon bills as a single unit, or it may be composed of multiple separate assemblies, called by various names including \"legislative chambers\", \"debate chambers\", and \"houses\", which debate and vote separately and have distinct powers. A legislature which operates as a single unit is unicameral, one divided into two chambers is bicameral, and one divided into three chambers is tricameral. In bicameral legislatures, one chamber is usually considered the upper house, while the other", "title": "Legislature" }, { "id": "999669", "score": "1.3094082", "text": "R&B-based funk band, now known as Parliament. The lineup still consisted of the five original singers plus the five backing musicians, with the two acts signed to different labels and marketed as performing different types of funk. Several songs from the early repertoire of the Parliaments would be re-recorded on future Parliament and Funkadelic albums, including \"Testify,\" \"The Goose,\" \"All Your Goodies Are Gone,\" \"Fantasy Is Reality,\" \"Good Ole Music,\" \"I Can Feel The Ice Melting,\" \"What You Been Growing,\" \"I'll Wait,\" and \"That Was My Girl.\" In 1995, many of the original Parliaments tracks were reissued on the Goldmine/Soul", "title": "The Parliaments" } ]

[ "Standards (album)", "standards disambiguation", "standard disambiguation", "standard newspaper", "Standard newspaper", "Standard (disambiguation)", "standards album", "standard design", "standards", "Standards (disambiguation)", "Standards", "Standard design", "Standard", "standard" ]

[ { "id": "1563246", "score": "1.8743418", "text": "out, he and his brother William founded Rockefeller & Andrews with Samuel Andrews, and they concentrated on oil refining rather than drilling. In 1867, Henry Flagler entered the partnership, and the Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler company grew by taking over local refineries. Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870 as an Ohio partnership with William, Flagler, Andrews, Jabez A. Bostwick, and silent partner Stephen V. Harkness. He ran it until 1897. Rockefeller's wealth soared as kerosene and gasoline grew in importance, and he became the richest person in the country, controlling 90% of all oil in the United States", "title": "John D. Rockefeller" }, { "id": "1555180", "score": "1.8375494", "text": "Rockefeller & Andrews, absorbed the refinery. In 1870, that company became Standard Oil. Rockefeller was very adept in business matters. He served as the company's New York representative until 1911 when Standard Oil of New Jersey was split up by the United States Supreme Court. He also had interests in copper mining and processing, railways (which had expanded extensively in the late 19th and early 20th centuries), and public utilities, and built up the National City Bank of New York, now known as Citigroup. In the late 1890s, Rockefeller joined fellow Standard Oil principal Henry H. Rogers in forming the", "title": "William Rockefeller" }, { "id": "1563265", "score": "1.8311827", "text": "& Flagler was the predecessor of the Standard Oil Company. By the end of the American Civil War, Cleveland was one of the five main refining centers in the U.S. (besides Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, New York, and the region in northwestern Pennsylvania where most of the oil originated). By 1869 there was triple the kerosene refining capacity than needed to supply the market, and the capacity remained in excess for many years. On January 10, 1870, Rockefeller abolished the partnership of Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler, forming Standard Oil of Ohio. Continuing to apply his work ethic and efficiency, Rockefeller quickly expanded", "title": "John D. Rockefeller" }, { "id": "20368975", "score": "1.8089981", "text": "the founding of Standard Oil. In the fall of 1871, Cleveland oil refiner John D. Rockefeller learned of a conspiracy being promoted by Thomas A. Scott (First Vice President of the Pennsylvania Railroad) and Peter H. Watson (then a director of the LS&MS): Using a vaguely-worded corporate charter Scott had obtained from the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania Railroad, the New York Central Railroad, the Erie Railroad, Standard Oil, and a few small oil refining companies would create and invest in the South Improvement Company (SIC). The SIC's participating railroads would give the SIC's investor-refiners a 50 percent rebate on", "title": "Stillman Witt" }, { "id": "4739189", "score": "1.7993727", "text": "the refining business, and in 1865 the partners decided to hold a private auction between the two, with Rockefeller being the successful bidder. The refining industry was intensely competitive, and by 1869 there was three times the capacity needed, a situation which lasted many years, with the number of refineries reaching 6000. In 1870 John D. Rockefeller, his brother William Rockefeller, Henry Flagler, Oliver Burr Jennings and silent partner Stephen V. Harkness formed Standard Oil. John D. Rockefeller was the master planner and organizer of the systematic plan to form combinations with or acquire competitors and enter all phases of", "title": "Economic history of the United States" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Standard Oil\n\nStandard Oil Company, Inc., was an American oil production, transportation, refining, and marketing company that operated from 1870 to 1911. At its height, Standard Oil was the largest petroleum company in the world, and its success made its co-founder and chairman, John D. Rockefeller, who is among the wealthiest Americans of all time and among the richest people in modern history. Its history as one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it was an illegal monopoly.\n\nThe company was founded in 1863 by Rockefeller and Henry Flagler, and was incorporated in 1870.<ref name=\"zEqdb\" /> Standard Oil dominated the oil products market initially through horizontal integration in the refining sector, then, in later years vertical integration; the company was an innovator in the development of the business trust. The Standard Oil trust streamlined production and logistics, lowered costs, and undercut competitors. \"Trust-busting\" critics accused it of using aggressive pricing to destroy competitors and form a monopoly that threatened other businesses.\n\nRockefeller ran the company as its chairman, until his retirement in 1897. He remained the major shareholder, and in 1911, with the dissolution of the trust into 43 smaller companies, Rockefeller became the richest person in modern history, as the initial income of these individual enterprises proved to be much bigger than that of a single larger company. Standard Oil of New Jersey, the entity controlling Standard Oil at the time of the breakup, has since continued on and today is known as ExxonMobil, the largest investor-owned oil company in the world. Many other companies across multiple sectors are either direct descendants of Standard Oil (such as Chevron and Marathon Oil) or have acquired a Standard Oil descendant (such as BP and Unilever). ", "title": "Standard Oil" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "John D. Rockefeller" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "History of ExxonMobil\n\nExxonMobil, an American multinational oil and gas corporation presently based out of Texas, has had one of the longest histories of any company in its industry. A direct descendant of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil, the company traces its roots as far back as 1886 to the founding of the Vacuum Oil Company, which would become part of ExxonMobil through its own merger with Mobil during the 1930s.\n\nToday, the company, which merged from Exxon and Mobil in 1999, is the largest investor-owned oil and gas company in the world by revenue and market capitalization.", "title": "History of ExxonMobil" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Standard Oil of Ohio\n\nThe Standard Oil Company (Ohio) was an American oil company, a successor of the original company established in 1870 by John D. Rockefeller.<ref name=ohc/> It was established as \"Standard Oil Company of Ohio\" as one of the separate entities created after the 1911 breakup.\n\nIn the 1960s, Standard Oil of Ohio partnered with British Petroleum, in the development of the Prudhoe Bay, Alaska petroleum reserves and the construction of the Trans Alaska pipeline. The complex partnership called for a gradual stock acquisition until British Petroleum would eventually gain controlling interest culminating in total acquisition of the American company. The company ceased operations in 1987, although BP continued to sell gasoline under the 'Sohio' brand until 1991.<ref name=ohc/>", "title": "Standard Oil of Ohio" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of richest Americans in history\n\nMost sources agree that John D. Rockefeller was the richest American in history having amassed a wealth of more than $445 billion in 2022 dollars.\n\nThere are various methods of comparing individuals' wealth across time, including using simple inflation-adjusted totals or calculating an individual's wealth as a share of contemporary gross domestic product (GDP). For example, economic blogger Scott Sumner noted in 2018 that Rockefeller was worth $1.4 billion when he died in 1937, which was about $24 billion in dollars adjusted to 2018. Meanwhile, Bill Gates in 1999 was worth nearly $150 billion in dollars adjusted to 2018.\n\nThe second-richest person in terms of wealth vs. contemporary GDP is disputed. Most sources list Andrew Carnegie, but others say Gates, Cornelius Vanderbilt I, John Jacob Astor IV, or Henry Ford. Lower ranks are a matter of even bigger debate.\n\nVanderbilt left a fortune worth $100 million upon his death in 1870 ($ today).\n\nAs the United States became the foremost economic power in the world by the late 19th century, the wealthiest men in America were often also the wealthiest men in the world.", "title": "List of richest Americans in history" }, { "id": "1563287", "score": "1.7991095", "text": "New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. Rockefeller retained his nominal title as president until 1911 and he kept his stock. At last in 1911, the Supreme Court of the United States found Standard Oil Company of New Jersey in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. By then the trust still had a 70% market share of the refined oil market but only 14% of the U.S. crude oil supply. The court ruled that the trust originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered", "title": "John D. Rockefeller" }, { "id": "6051453", "score": "1.7976999", "text": "Anticipating the crash, on January 10, 1870, Rockefeller and his partners established a new joint-stock company, Standard Oil. Just 10,000 shares of Standard Oil were created. John and William Rockefeller, Flagler, Harkness, and Andrews took almost all the shares. A new investor, Oliver B. Jennings (William Rockefeller's brother-in-law), invested $100,000 in the new company and was given 1,000 shares. The old company of Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler was given 1,000 shares as a reserve. The stock was set at a $100 per share par value ($ in dollars), and Standard Oil paid a 105 percent dividend in 1870 and 1871.", "title": "Amasa Stone" }, { "id": "2825185", "score": "1.7967429", "text": "which enabled even greater coordination in production, scheduling, and pricing. John D. Rockefeller was a forceful driver of consolidation in the American oil industry. Beginning in 1865, he bought refineries, railroads, pipelines, and oilfields and ruthlessly eliminated competition to his Standard Oil. By 1879, he controlled 90% of oil refined in the US. Standard Oil used pipelines to directly connect the Pennsylvanian oilfields with the refineries in New Jersey, Cleveland, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, rather than loading and unloading railroad tank cars, which enabled huge gains in efficiency and profitability. Given the unprecedented scale of Standard Oil's network, the company developed", "title": "Technological and industrial history of the United States" }, { "id": "1555179", "score": "1.7945461", "text": "1838—?, died young) and Cornelia (c. 1840—?), through his father's affairs with mistress and housekeeper Nancy Brown. In 1853 his family moved to Strongsville, Ohio. As a young pupil in public school, he was inspired and motivated by his teacher-mentor, Rufus Osgood Mason, whom Rockefeller later named \"A Rockefeller Patron.\" When the newly formed Mutual Alliance Trust Company opened for business in New York on the Tuesday after June 29, 1902, there were 13 directors, including Emanuel Lehman and Rockefeller. In 1865, Rockefeller entered the oil business by starting a refinery in Ohio. In 1867, his older brother John's firm,", "title": "William Rockefeller" }, { "id": "2503156", "score": "1.7895927", "text": "the promising young man was destined to become one of his major partners. Standard Oil was an oil refining conglomerate. Its successors continued to be among the world's biggest corporations over 140 years later. John D. Rockefeller, long regarded as the principal founder, was of a modest background and education. Born in New York in 1839, his family moved to Cleveland in 1855. His first job was as an assistant bookkeeper for a produce company. He delighted, as he later recalled, in \"all the methods and systems of the office\". He became particularly well-skilled at calculating transportation costs, a skill", "title": "Henry Huttleston Rogers" }, { "id": "396504", "score": "1.786873", "text": "larger company. Its successors such as ExxonMobil or Chevron are still among the companies with the largest income worldwide. By 1882, his top aide was John Dustin Archbold. After 1896, Rockefeller disengaged from business to concentrate on his philanthropy, leaving Archbold in control. Other notable Standard Oil principals include Henry Flagler, developer of the Florida East Coast Railway and resort cities, and Henry H. Rogers, who built the Virginian Railway. Standard Oil's pre-history began in 1863 as an Ohio partnership formed by industrialist John D. Rockefeller, his brother William Rockefeller, Henry Flagler, chemist Samuel Andrews, silent partner Stephen V. Harkness,", "title": "Standard Oil" }, { "id": "6481049", "score": "1.7859194", "text": "Railroad led independent producers to revolt in western Pennsylvania in early 1872 and earned Rockefeller, the highest profile partner, much bad public opinion. However, the partners deployed other more successfully calculated and forceful approaches, which included buying out the competition and the formation of the various Standard Oil companies. By 1879, the Standard Oil Company did about 90 percent of the oil refining in the United States. Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler was a business concern formed in 1867 in Cleveland, Ohio which was a predecessor of the Standard Oil Company. The principals and namesakes were John", "title": "Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler" }, { "id": "6319754", "score": "1.7801402", "text": "(supplanting whale oil). Alexander, Scofield & Company formed in 1863, and was itself a new business. Continuing his education at night with private tutors, Squire worked his way up from refinery worker to kerosene dealer and then bookkeeper. Alexander, Scofield & Company was one of the four largest petroleum refineries in the Cleveland area, and in 1872 it merged with John D. Rockefeller Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler (the precursor to Standard Oil). On April 29, 1872, Squire and fellow bookkeeper John Teagle formed Squire & Teagle, a firm which bought and sold petroleum products. The following year, the two men", "title": "Feargus B. Squire" }, { "id": "1563264", "score": "1.7760413", "text": "and an oil-fueled economy. He borrowed heavily, reinvested profits, adapted rapidly to changing markets, and fielded observers to track the quickly expanding industry. In 1866, William Rockefeller Jr., John's brother, built another refinery in Cleveland and brought John into the partnership. In 1867, Henry M. Flagler became a partner, and the firm of Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler was established. By 1868, with Rockefeller continuing practices of borrowing and reinvesting profits, controlling costs, and using refineries' waste, the company owned two Cleveland refineries and a marketing subsidiary in New York; it was the largest oil refinery in the world. Rockefeller, Andrews", "title": "John D. Rockefeller" }, { "id": "5366138", "score": "1.7695417", "text": "(Guyana & Suriname), Europe (Norway & Denmark), Africa (Ghana & Equatorial Guinea), Southeast Asia (Malaysia and the Joint Development Area of Malaysia and Thailand), and Australia. In 1919, British oil entrepreneur Lord Cowdray formed Amerada Corporation to explore for oil in North America. The firm was incorporated February 7, 1920, in Delaware as a holding company for its principal subsidiary, the Amerada Petroleum Corporation. The oil producer experienced growth during most of the 1920s, hitting a peak in 1926 with a net income of US$4.9 million. However, in the years leading to the Great Depression, weakness in the oil markets", "title": "Hess Corporation" }, { "id": "2503162", "score": "1.7635953", "text": "at Standard Oil. In 1881 the company was reorganized as the Standard Oil Trust. In 1885, the headquarters were relocated from Cleveland to New York City. By this time, the three main men of Standard Oil Trust had become John D. Rockefeller, his brother William, and Henry Rogers, who had emerged as a key financial strategist. By 1890, Rogers was a vice president of Standard Oil and chairman of the organization's operating committee. Petroleum pipelines were first developed in Pennsylvania in the 1860s to replace transport in wooden barrels loaded on wagons drawn by mules and driven by teamsters. This", "title": "Henry Huttleston Rogers" }, { "id": "7534632", "score": "1.7610517", "text": "D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil in 1895. When oil was discovered in Spindletop, Texas, in 1901, the Mellon family invested in the well. When the well began to decline in 1902, W.L. was dispatched to investigate, and took on a progressively larger role in management. In January 1907 he established the Gulf Oil Corporation, which proceeded to build a pipeline from Oklahoma to Port Arthur, Texas and was shipping Oklahoma crude oil to port by September. It expanded steadily thereafter, becoming one of the largest oil companies in the United States. He later became active in Republican Party politics, and served", "title": "William Larimer Mellon Sr." }, { "id": "2951637", "score": "1.7492568", "text": "The History of the Standard Oil Company The History of the Standard Oil Company is a 1904 book by journalist Ida Tarbell. It is an exposé about the Standard Oil Company, run at the time by oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller, the richest figure in American history. Originally serialized in nineteen parts in \"McClure's\" magazine, the book is a seminal example of muckraking, and inspired many other journalists to write about trusts, large businesses that (in the absence of strong antitrust laws in the 19th century) attempted to gain monopolies in various industries. \"The History of the Standard Oil Company\"", "title": "The History of the Standard Oil Company" }, { "id": "4276322", "score": "1.7478297", "text": "Since both Bostwick and Watson were secretly allied with Standard Oil, Rockefeller kept control of the company from the Pennsylvania oil refiners and Pennsylvania Railroad interests. Charles Pratt of New York and John Dustin Archbold and Jacob Vandergrift of the oil regions had refused to join and so did not receive shares. John D. Rockefeller used the company as a tool to force Cleveland refiners to further consolidate. Between mid-February and mid-March 1872, John D. Rockefeller and Henry Flagler bought twenty-three companies, eighteen of which were oil refineries, and all but one of them were located in Cleveland. Historians would", "title": "South Improvement Company" }, { "id": "1563247", "score": "1.7440088", "text": "at his peak. Oil was used throughout the country as a light source until the introduction of electricity, and as a fuel after the invention of the automobile. Furthermore, Rockefeller gained enormous influence over the railroad industry which transported his oil around the country. Standard Oil was the first great business trust in the United States. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy, along with other key industrialists such as steel magnate Andrew Carnegie. His company and business practices came under criticism, particularly in the writings of author Ida Tarbell. The Supreme Court ruled in", "title": "John D. Rockefeller" } ]

[ "trust buster", "Teddy Roose", "Theodore roosevelt", "Teddy Roosvelt", "T Ros", "Teddy Rose", "teddy roose", "teodoro roosevelt", "cowboy of dakotas", "t roosevelt", "roosevelt theodore", "Feddy Roosevelt", "Teddy Roosevelt foreign policy", "Cowboy of the Dakotas", "26th President of the United States", "Teddy Roosevelt", "t ros", "26th president of united states", "Teodoro Roosevelt", "T. Roosevelt Administration", "t roosevelt administration", "teddy roosvelt", "teddy roosevelt foreign policy", "President Theodore Roosevelt", "T Roosevelt", "cowboy president", "president theodore roosevelt", "Roosevelt, Theodore", "Teddy roosevelt", "Theodore Roosevelt", "teddy rose", "T. Roosevelt", "theodor roosevelt", "teddy rosevelt", "The Cowboy President", "Theodore Roosavelt", "Teddy Rosevelt", "feddy roosevelt", "theodore roosavelt", "Theodor roosevelt", "theodore roosevelt", "teddy roosevelt", "Trust Buster" ]

[ { "id": "14231128", "score": "1.8851764", "text": "During this period, Smith acquired the North Star Ranch outside Aspen, Colorado. In 1953, President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower named Smith Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR) and Smith held this office from July 23, 1953 until June 20, 1956. In 1954, Smith publicly admitted that the Navy had wrongly suspended Abraham Chasanow as a security risk in July 1953 and issued Chasanow a public apology for the \"grave injustice\" perpetrated on Chasanow, and vowing to overhaul security procedures. After resigning in 1956, Smith moved to his ranch in Colorado to pursue life as a rancher, but", "title": "James H. Smith Jr." }, { "id": "5293673", "score": "1.724056", "text": "Walter L. Fisher Walter Lowrie Fisher (July 4, 1862 – November 9, 1935) was United States Secretary of the Interior under President William Howard Taft from 1911 to 1913. Fisher was born July 4, 1862 in Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia) to Daniel Webster Fisher (1838 – 1913), a presbyterian minister, and his wife Amanda D. Kouns († 1911). Educated at Hanover College in Indiana from which he graduated in 1883. While at Hanover, he was initiated into the Chi Chapter of the Sigma Chi fraternity. In 1890, he was elected as the fifth Grand Consul (the National President) of", "title": "Walter L. Fisher" }, { "id": "8658942", "score": "1.7210301", "text": "times, the first two ending in divorce and the third with his death in 1995 from cardiac arrest. He had four children. Edward Hidalgo Edward Hidalgo (born Eduardo Hidalgo; October 12, 1912 – January 21, 1995) served as the United States Secretary of the Navy in the Carter administration from October 24, 1979 to January 20, 1981. He had previously served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) from April 1977 to October 1979. Hidalgo was born Eduardo Hidalgo in Mexico City on October 12, 1912, to Egon and Domita Kunhardt Hidalgo. At the age of six", "title": "Edward Hidalgo" }, { "id": "11195018", "score": "1.7165118", "text": "Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson from 9 March 1865 to 3 March 1869 and as the 36th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Chester A. Arthur and Grover Cleveland from 31 October 1884 to 7 March 1885. She was the third Revenue Cutter Service ship to bear the name \"McCulloch\" or \"Hugh McCulloch\". As the Spanish–American War was about to commence in early 1898, \"McCulloch\" was on her shakedown cruise, a voyage from Philadelphia via the Suez Canal and the Far East to her first duty station at San Francisco, California. Upon her arrival at Singapore on 8", "title": "USS McCulloch (1897)" }, { "id": "16520229", "score": "1.7041689", "text": "on 24 May 1906. While president, he was promoted to rear admiral on 19 March 1907. The most notable event of his presidency was the suspension by direction of President Theodore Roosevelt of the 1908 summer course on 8 July so that the General Board of the United States Navy, the bureau chiefs of the United States Department of the Navy, and the colleges staff and students could participate in a \"Battleship Conference\" at the college, with Roosevelt himself visiting to chair the conference for a day on 22 July 1908. Secretary of the Navy Victor H. Metcalf closed the", "title": "John Porter Merrell" }, { "id": "3331709", "score": "1.7032082", "text": "Post\" newspaper editor Ben Bradlee (1921-2014). The destroyer USS \"Crowninshield\" (DD-134) was named in his honor. Benjamin Williams Crowninshield Benjamin Williams Crowninshield (December 27, 1772 – February 3, 1851) served as the United States Secretary of the Navy between 1815 and 1818, during the administrations of Presidents James Madison and James Monroe. Crowninshield was born in Salem, Massachusetts, the son of George Crowninshield (1734–1815) and Mary (née Derby) Crowinshield (1737–1813) who married in 1757. His father was a sea captain and merchant of the Boston Brahmin Crowninshield family. His family owned the lands near Mineral Spring, where the first Crowninshield", "title": "Benjamin Williams Crowninshield" }, { "id": "13860615", "score": "1.6942494", "text": "responsibility as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. NORTH DAKOTA in the Atlantic Fleet, during World War I.\" On July 1, 1890, Crose was commissioned into the United States Navy as an Ensign. On May 10, 1898, he became a Lieutenant (junior grade), and a Lieutenant on March 3, 1898. He was stationed on the USS Galena in 1888, the USS Marion in 1890, the Naval Hydrographic office in 1894, the USS Pinta in 1895, the USS Wheeling the same year, the Bureau of Equipment in 1898, and the USS Kentucky in 1900. On November 10, 1910, Crose relieved Captain John", "title": "William Michael Crose" }, { "id": "11685087", "score": "1.6898129", "text": "Henry L. Roosevelt Henry Latrobe Roosevelt (October 5, 1879 – February 22, 1936) was an Assistant Secretary of the United States Navy and a member of the Roosevelt family. Roosevelt was born on October 5, 1879 in Morristown, New Jersey, to Lieutenant Nicholas Latrobe Roosevelt (1847–1892), USN, who had a naval career of distinction, and Eleanor (née Dean) Roosevelt (1852–1933). He was a grandson of Nicholas Roosevelt (1767–1854), an inventor and land-owner. He was a hereditary companion of the California Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States in succession to his father. In 1896,", "title": "Henry L. Roosevelt" }, { "id": "8658937", "score": "1.6858697", "text": "Edward Hidalgo Edward Hidalgo (born Eduardo Hidalgo; October 12, 1912 – January 21, 1995) served as the United States Secretary of the Navy in the Carter administration from October 24, 1979 to January 20, 1981. He had previously served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) from April 1977 to October 1979. Hidalgo was born Eduardo Hidalgo in Mexico City on October 12, 1912, to Egon and Domita Kunhardt Hidalgo. At the age of six his family moved to New York, where he became a citizen and anglicised his name. He graduated from Holy Cross College in", "title": "Edward Hidalgo" }, { "id": "14217319", "score": "1.6852717", "text": "Moon\", but was caught in a hurricane and swept into the ocean, although all but one person survived. Woodbury died in 1924. Gordon Woodbury Gordon Woodbury (1863–1924) was the United States Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1920 to 1921. Woodbury was born in New York City in 1863 and raised in Bedford, New Hampshire. He was educated at Harvard University and then returned to New Hampshire to pursue a career in politics. At one point, he was editor of the \"Manchester Union\", the leading Democratic paper in New Hampshire. He was repeatedly elected to the New Hampshire General Court,", "title": "Gordon Woodbury" }, { "id": "14223572", "score": "1.682169", "text": "was active with the Sons of the American Revolution, serving as its president in 1908, and with the Vermont Historical Society, of which he was a life member. He was also an active Freemason. Charles Hial Darling Charles Hial Darling (1859–1944) was United States Assistant Secretary of the Navy from 1901 to 1905. Darling was born in Woodstock, Vermont on May 9, 1859. He was educated at Green Mountain Perkins Academy and Montpelier Seminary, and went to college at Tufts, receiving his A.B. in 1884. He was admitted to the bar in 1886, and set up a law practice in", "title": "Charles Hial Darling" }, { "id": "14223759", "score": "1.6820631", "text": "it was later sold to Michael Laughlin. The house burned down on New Year's Eve 1973. John Nicholas Brown II John Nicholas Brown II (February 21, 1900 – October 10, 1979) was the United States Assistant Secretary of the Navy (AIR) from 1946 to 1949. He was a member of the Brown family that had been active in American life since before the American Revolution and who were the major early benefactors of Brown University. He was born in New York City on February 21, 1900 to John Nicholas Brown I (1861–1900), who died on May 1 of the same", "title": "John Nicholas Brown II" }, { "id": "3925274", "score": "1.6796948", "text": "Paul Hamilton (politician) Paul Hamilton (October 16, 1762 – June 30, 1816) was the 3rd United States Secretary of the Navy, from 1809 to 1813. Paul Hamilton was born in Saint Paul's Parish, South Carolina, on October 16, 1762. He left school at the age of sixteen due to financial problems. During the American War of Independence he served in military roles in the southern states, fighting under General Francis Marion. He participated with Colonel William Harden in the capture of Fort Balfour. Following the war, he was a planter and public figure. Hamilton served South Carolina in many public", "title": "Paul Hamilton (politician)" }, { "id": "13792705", "score": "1.6657431", "text": "he spent most of his time. In 1901, at the dawn of the 20th century, Theodore Roosevelt became the nation's 26th President and ultimately one of its greatest conservationists. He later said, \"I would not have been President had it not been for my experience in North Dakota.\" It was here in the North Dakota badlands in 1883 that Theodore Roosevelt first arrived to hunt a buffalo. Before he left, he had acquired primary interests in the Maltese Cross Ranch (also called the Chimney Butte Ranch). Roosevelt thrived on the vigorous outdoor lifestyle, and, at the Maltese Cross, actively participated", "title": "Theodore Roosevelt's Maltese Cross Cabin" }, { "id": "18662655", "score": "1.6645112", "text": "while she was in port near Ancon, Panama around late 1913. Badt was part of the US Naval Academy's class of 1908, according to their yearbook the \"Lucky Bag\", during the period when Lieutenant William D. Leahy was beginning his Naval career as a teaching assistant in Physics and Electrical Engineering. Twenty-five years later, Admiral Leahy, while serving as Chief of Staff to Franklin Roosevelt, would write a brief review of Abe's book in March 1930 and on December 7, 1943, would sign his Award of Merit for recruiting 1700 men for the Navy in the ramp up for WWII.", "title": "Abraham Jacob Hollandersky" }, { "id": "4158939", "score": "1.6630392", "text": "Washington, D.C. (September – December 1896); hydrographic inspector, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D.C. (December 1896 – August 1897); coast survey steamer \"Blake\" (August 1897 – May 1898); and Norfolk Navy Yard (June – July 1898). Promoted to the rank of commander on 10 August 1898, his first command was the gunboat , which departed San Francisco on 18 September bound for Hawaii, Guam and duty with the Asiatic Squadron, in the aftermath of the 12 August 1898 Spanish–American War armistice. arrived in Hawaii on 27 September 1898 and spent the next three months operating in local waters and", "title": "Edward D. Taussig" }, { "id": "4856323", "score": "1.6561863", "text": "10, 1861 to February 27, 1862 (while also commandant of the shipyard) and again from March 24, 1863 to May 6, 1864 when he became the Acting Assistant Secretary of the Navy. Forrest returned to Washington to find that his property there had been seized, and died shortly after the War in Georgetown on December 22, 1866. French Forrest French Forrest (1796 – December 22, 1866) was an American naval officer who served first in the United States Navy and later the Confederate States Navy. His combat experience prior to the American Civil War included service in the War of", "title": "French Forrest" }, { "id": "3353323", "score": "1.6552849", "text": "navigator in 1897 and 1898. He was commissioned lieutenant (junior grade) in the United States Navy in May 1898 and served on the U.S.S. \"Yosemite\" during the Spanish–American War. He served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy 1905-1908 under President Theodore Roosevelt and acted for the ill secretary Victor H. Metcalf, who resigned November 13, 1908. Newberry was appointed Secretary of the Navy on December 1, 1908 and served until March 5, 1909. He became lieutenant commander United States Navy Fleet Reserve, June 6, 1917, and was assistant to the commandant of the Third Naval District headquartered in New York", "title": "Truman Handy Newberry" }, { "id": "3925116", "score": "1.6537721", "text": "Hilary A. Herbert Hilary Abner Herbert (March 12, 1834 – March 6, 1919) was Secretary of the Navy in the second administration of President Grover Cleveland. He also served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Alabama. Herbert was born in Laurensville, South Carolina in 1834, and moved with his family to Greenville, Alabama in 1846. He was educated at the University of Alabama and the University of Virginia, where he was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Eta chapter). He practiced law in Greenville until the Civil War. Herbert entered the Confederate Army", "title": "Hilary A. Herbert" }, { "id": "3799058", "score": "1.6535351", "text": "Arent S. Crowninshield Arent Schuyler Crowninshield (March 14, 1843 – May 27, 1908) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy. He saw combat during the Civil War, and after the war held high commands both afloat and ashore. Born in New York, he was the grandson of Jacob Crowninshield (appointed Navy secretary under President Jefferson, but who died before taking up the office), and grandnephew of George Crowninshield Jr. (adventuring owner of \"Cleopatra's Barge\", first yacht to cross the Atlantic) and Benjamin Williams Crowninshield, United States Secretary of the Navy from 1815 to 1818. Some sources give his", "title": "Arent S. Crowninshield" } ]

[ "Heinleinian", "lyle monroe", "Caleb Saunders", "Heinlin", "Dean of Science Fiction", "robertheinlein", "Robert Hienlien", "dean of science fiction", "john riverside", "Robert Heinleim", "robert heinleim", "John Riverside", "Robert Henlein", "heinleinian", "ishtar book character", "Robert Heinlein on metaphysics", "robert heinlein on metaphysics", "robert heinlen", "Robert heinlein", "Robert A. Heilein", "Simon York", "Anson MacDonald", "Robert Anson MacDonald Heinlein", "Robert A Heinlein", "robert heinlein robert heinlein on metaphysics", "robert heinlin", "Robert Heinlen", "Anson Macdonald", "robert heilein", "robert hienlien", "Lyle Monroe", "robert heinlein", "Robert Anson Heinlein", "Ishtar (book character)", "caleb saunders", "Patrick Henry League", "robert anson macdonald heinlein", "Robert a. heinlein", "Robert Heinlein", "robert anson heinlein", "Robert heinlin", "RobertHeinlein", "Robert A. Heinlein", "simon york", "heinlin", "anson macdonald", "robert henlein", "patrick henry league", "heinlein society", "Heinlein Society", "Robert Heinlein/Robert Heinlein on metaphysics" ]

[ { "id": "644600", "score": "1.8855231", "text": "is also eventually revealed to be a son of Lazarus Long, a Heinlein character originally introduced in \"Methuselah's Children\" and who reappeared in \"Time Enough for Love\", \"The Number of the Beast\", and \"To Sail Beyond the Sunset\". Also appearing are Jubal Harshaw, a major character in \"Stranger in a Strange Land\"; Galahad, of \"Time Enough for Love\"; and Manuel Garcia O'Kelly Davis, the first-person voice of \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\". The Cat Who Walks Through Walls The Cat Who Walks Through Walls is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, published in 1985. Like", "title": "The Cat Who Walks Through Walls" }, { "id": "644569", "score": "1.875061", "text": "page of the novel, and in the later book \"The Cat Who Walks Through Walls\"). As in \"Stranger in a Strange Land\", a band of social revolutionaries forms a secretive and hierarchical organization. In this respect, the revolution is more reminiscent of the Bolshevik October revolution than of the American, and this similarity is reinforced by the Russian flavor of the dialect, and the Russian place names such as \"Novy Leningrad\". Continuing Heinlein's speculation about unorthodox social and family structures, \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\" introduces the idea of a \"line marriage\". Mannie is part of a century-old line", "title": "The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress" }, { "id": "644598", "score": "1.7772063", "text": "loses his foot again, though the Time Corps succeed in retrieving Mike. The story ends with Campbell talking into a recorder (presumably the source of the first-person narrative) reflecting on the mission and his relationship with Gwen. \"The Cat Who Walks Through Walls\" may be regarded as part of Heinlein's multiverse series, or as a sequel to both \"The Number of the Beast\" and \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress.\" During a meeting of the Council of the Time Scouts, representatives from every major time line and setting written by Heinlein appear, including \"Glory Road\" and \"Starship Troopers\", and references", "title": "The Cat Who Walks Through Walls" }, { "id": "644599", "score": "1.710484", "text": "are made to other authors' works as well. The title of the book refers to a cat by the name of Pixel, who has an inexplicable tendency to be wherever the narrator happens to be (see Schrödinger's cat). In one scene Pixel does, in fact, walk through a wall, and it is explained that Pixel is too young to know that such behavior is impossible. Gwen Novak is eventually revealed to be Hazel Stone, a character previously featured in Heinlein's \"The Rolling Stones\" and who had played a small but important role in \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\". Campbell", "title": "The Cat Who Walks Through Walls" }, { "id": "644578", "score": "1.7030966", "text": "late-period novel, \"The Cat Who Walks Through Walls\", which again includes Stone as a character. The book shows that by 2188 the names of the signatories of the Lunar Declaration of Independence are studied, but Room L of the Raffles Hotel, wherein the revolution was plotted, is used as an ordinary hotel room, albeit with a plaque on the wall. The Lunar action takes place in Mare Crisium and the novel makes accurate references to such nearby locales as Crater Peirce. According to the narrator, most people live in one of six major underground \"warrens\" linked by \"tube\", a system", "title": "The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Cat Who Walks Through Walls\n\nThe Cat Who Walks Through Walls is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, published in 1985. Like many of his later novels, it features Lazarus Long and Jubal Harshaw as supporting characters.", "title": "The Cat Who Walks Through Walls" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Robert A. Heinlein\n\nRobert Anson Heinlein (; July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science fiction author, aeronautical engineer, and naval officer. Sometimes called the \"dean of science fiction writers\", he was among the first to emphasize scientific accuracy in his fiction, and was thus a pioneer of the subgenre of hard science fiction. His published works, both fiction and non-fiction, express admiration for competence and emphasize the value of critical thinking. His plots often posed provocative situations which challenged conventional social mores. His work continues to have an influence on the science-fiction genre, and on modern culture more generally.\n\nHeinlein became one of the first American science-fiction writers to break into mainstream magazines such as \"The Saturday Evening Post\" in the late 1940s. He was one of the best-selling science-fiction novelists for many decades, and he, Isaac Asimov, and Arthur C. Clarke are often considered the \"Big Three\" of English-language science fiction authors. Notable Heinlein works include \"Stranger in a Strange Land\", \"Starship Troopers\" (which helped mold the space marine and mecha archetypes) and \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\". yet often stereotypically feminine—such as \"Friday\".\n\nA writer also of many science-fiction short stories, Heinlein was one of a group of writers who came to prominence under the editorship (1937–1971) of John W. Campbell at \"Astounding Science Fiction\" magazine, though Heinlein denied that Campbell influenced his writing to any great degree.\n\nHeinlein used his science fiction as a way to explore provocative social and political ideas and to speculate how progress in science and engineering might shape the future of politics, race, religion, and sex.\nWithin the framework of his science-fiction stories, Heinlein repeatedly addressed certain social themes: the importance of individual liberty and self-reliance, the nature of sexual relationships, the obligation individuals owe to their societies, the influence of organized religion on culture and government, and the tendency of society to repress nonconformist thought. He also speculated on the influence of space travel on human cultural practices.\n\nHeinlein was named the first Science Fiction Writers Grand Master in 1974.\n\nSeveral of Heinlein's works have been adapted for film and television.", "title": "Robert A. Heinlein" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Robert A. Heinlein characters\n\nThis is a list of characters in the fiction of Robert A. Heinlein:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of Robert A. Heinlein characters" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Category:Novels by Robert A. Heinlein" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Category:Robert A. Heinlein book cover images" }, { "id": "644597", "score": "1.6622517", "text": "Mike, a sentient computer introduced in \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\". Engaged in frequent time-travel, the Time Corps has been responsible for changing various events in the past, creating an alternate universe with every time-line they disrupt. Mike's assistance is needed in order to accurately predict the conditions and following events in each of the new universes created. Campbell's frequent would-be assassins are revealed to be members of contemporary agencies also engaged in time manipulation who, for unknown reasons, do not want to see Mike rescued by the Time Corps. During the mission, Gwen is grievously wounded and Campbell", "title": "The Cat Who Walks Through Walls" }, { "id": "341287", "score": "1.6462486", "text": "Strange Land\" until some time after it was written, and the themes of free love and radical individualism are prominently featured in his long-unpublished first novel, \"For Us, The Living: A Comedy of Customs\". \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\" tells of a war of independence waged by the Lunar penal colonies, with significant comments from a major character, Professor La Paz, regarding the threat posed by government to individual freedom. Although Heinlein had previously written a few short stories in the fantasy genre, during this period he wrote his first fantasy novel, \"Glory Road\", and in \"Stranger in a", "title": "Robert A. Heinlein" }, { "id": "386472", "score": "1.6442707", "text": "from democratic to elitist forms of liberalism, \"Starship Troopers\" being on the latter end of the spectrum. It has been argued that Heinlein's militarism is more libertarian than fascist, and that this trend is also present in Heinlein's other popular books of the period, such as \"Stranger in a Strange Land\" (1961) and \"The Moon is a Harsh Mistress\" (1966). This period of Heinlein's writing has received more critical attention than any other, though he continued to write into the 1980s. The setting of the book has been described as dystopian, but it is presented by Heinlein as utopian; its", "title": "Starship Troopers" }, { "id": "644595", "score": "1.5987875", "text": "The Cat Who Walks Through Walls The Cat Who Walks Through Walls is a science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, published in 1985. Like many of his later novels, it features Lazarus Long and Jubal Harshaw as supporting characters. A writer seated at the best restaurant of the space habitat \"Golden Rule\" is approached by a man who urges him that \"Tolliver must die\" and is himself shot before the writer's eyes. The writer—Colonel Colin Campbell, living under a number of aliases including his pen name \"Richard Ames\"—is joined by a beautiful and sophisticated lady, Gwendolyn Novak,", "title": "The Cat Who Walks Through Walls" }, { "id": "341262", "score": "1.5883367", "text": "1947 but, in 1958, he interrupted work on \"The Heretic\" (the working title of Stranger in a Strange Land) to write and publish a book exploring ideas of civic virtue, initially serialized as \"Starship Soldiers\". In 1959, his novel (now entitled \"Starship Troopers\") was considered by the editors and owners of Scribner's to be too controversial for one of its prestige lines, and it was rejected. Heinlein found another publisher (Putnam), feeling himself released from the constraints of writing novels for children. He had told an interviewer that he did not want to do stories that merely added to categories", "title": "Robert A. Heinlein" }, { "id": "644590", "score": "1.5847809", "text": "Quotations credits this novel with the first printed appearance of the phrase \"There's no free lunch\", although the phrase and its abbreviation considerably predate the novel. The virtual assistant Mycroft is named after HOLMES IV computer system from the novel. In 2015, it was announced that Bryan Singer was attached to direct a film adaptation, entitled \"Uprising\", in development at 20th Century Fox. Two unabridged audiobook versions of \"The Moon is a Harsh Mistress\" have been produced. The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress is a 1966 science-fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein,", "title": "The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress" }, { "id": "11393654", "score": "1.5750844", "text": "Smith's 1955 short story \"The Game of Rat and Dragon\" and Andre Norton's 1968 novel \"The Zero Stone\" featuring a telepathic mutant feline named Eet. Robert A. Heinleins \"The Cat Who Walks Through Walls\" features a cat named Pixel who travels on various space adventures with the narrator. On film, \"Alien\" (1979) and the sequel \"Aliens\" (1989) feature Jones (\"Jonesy\") aboard USCSS \"Nostromo\". Ship's cat The ship's cat has been a common feature on many trading, exploration, and naval ships dating to ancient times. Cats have been carried on ships for many reasons, most importantly to control rodents. Vermin aboard", "title": "Ship's cat" }, { "id": "341286", "score": "1.5739182", "text": "(\"Stranger in a Strange Land\") to 1973 (\"Time Enough for Love\"), Heinlein explored some of his most important themes, such as individualism, libertarianism, and free expression of physical and emotional love. Three novels from this period, \"Stranger in a Strange Land\", \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\", and \"Time Enough for Love\", won the Libertarian Futurist Society's Prometheus Hall of Fame Award, designed to honor classic libertarian fiction. Jeff Riggenbach described \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\" as \"unquestionably one of the three or four most influential libertarian novels of the last century\". Heinlein did not publish \"Stranger in a", "title": "Robert A. Heinlein" }, { "id": "644596", "score": "1.5539827", "text": "who helps him flee to Luna with a bonsai maple and a would-be murderer (\"Bill\"). After escaping to the moon, Gwen claims to have been present during the revolt described in \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\". Still pursued by assassins, Campbell and Novak are rescued by an organization known as the Time Corps under the leadership of Lazarus Long. After giving Campbell a new leg to replace one lost in combat years before, the Time Corps attempts to recruit Campbell for a special mission. Accepting only on Gwen's account, Campbell agrees to assist a team to retrieve the decommissioned", "title": "The Cat Who Walks Through Walls" }, { "id": "8983185", "score": "1.5460441", "text": "\"juvenile\". Heinlein wrote a few series of linked stories and novels. Three of the juveniles are connected to his Future History. Hazel Stone of \"The Rolling Stones\" also appears in \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\", \"The Number of the Beast\", and \"The Cat Who Walks Through Walls\". \"Space Cadet\" is set after \"The Long Watch\", which appears on Heinlein's Future History chart. The protagonist of \"Farmer in the Sky\", Bill Lermer, plays the song \"The Green Hills of Earth\" on his accordion; the song is featured in the story of the same name from Heinlein's Future History. \"Farmer\" also", "title": "Heinlein juveniles" }, { "id": "341301", "score": "1.5397081", "text": "or \"autarchist\" about me, but \"libertarian\" is easier to define and fits well enough.\" \"Stranger in a Strange Land\" was embraced by the hippie counterculture, and libertarians have found inspiration in \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\". Both groups found resonance with his themes of personal freedom in both thought and action. Heinlein grew up in the era of racial segregation in the United States and wrote some of his most influential fiction at the height of the civil rights movement. His early novels were very much ahead of their time both in their explicit rejection of racism and in", "title": "Robert A. Heinlein" }, { "id": "341290", "score": "1.5302827", "text": "critics as forming an offshoot from the Future History series, and referred to by the term World as Myth. The tendency toward authorial self-reference begun in \"Stranger in a Strange Land\" and \"Time Enough for Love\" becomes even more evident in novels such as \"The Cat Who Walks Through Walls\", whose first-person protagonist is a disabled military veteran who becomes a writer, and finds love with a female character. The 1982 novel \"Friday\", a more conventional adventure story (borrowing a character and backstory from the earlier short story \"Gulf\", also containing suggestions of connection to \"The Puppet Masters\") continued a", "title": "Robert A. Heinlein" }, { "id": "386428", "score": "1.5289749", "text": "era in his writing. Heinlein served in the U.S. Navy for five years after graduating from the United States Naval Academy in 1929. His experience in the military profoundly influenced his fiction. At some point between 1958 and 1959, Heinlein put aside the novel that would become \"Stranger in a Strange Land\" and wrote \"Starship Troopers\". His motivation arose partially from his anger at U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower's decision to suspend U.S. nuclear tests, and the Soviet tests that occurred soon afterward. Writing in his 1980 volume \"Expanded Universe\", Heinlein would say that the publication of a newspaper advertisement placed", "title": "Starship Troopers" }, { "id": "708173", "score": "1.5260981", "text": "as an influential figure in founding the Lunar colony. Fourteen years later, Heinlein published \"The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress\", which tells the story of the Lunar revolution, including a small but vital role that Hazel Stone played as a child (no specifics of this role are mentioned in \"The Rolling Stones\"; she is portrayed here simply as a \"founding Father\"). Hazel, Castor, and Pollux reappear in \"Number of the Beast\" and \"The Cat Who Walks Through Walls\". Hazel, alone, appears in \"To Sail Beyond the Sunset\". Dr. Lowell Stone (\"Buster\") is quoted in interstitial material in \"The Cat Who", "title": "The Rolling Stones (novel)" }, { "id": "644553", "score": "1.5188572", "text": "The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress is a 1966 science-fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein, about a lunar colony's revolt against rule from Earth. The novel expresses and discusses libertarian ideals. It is respected for its credible presentation of a comprehensively imagined future human society on both the Earth and the Moon. Originally serialized in \"Worlds of If\" (December 1965, January, February, March, April 1966), the book was nominated for the Nebula Award in 1966. It received the Hugo Award for best science fiction novel in 1967. At the time of the", "title": "The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress" } ]

[ "magical talking beard", "Magical Talking Beard", "weejee", "Spirit board", "ouija planchette", "Quija Board", "Weegee board", "Oija board", "oija board", "Talking boards", "ouija board criticism", "Weejee", "Ouija Board Criticism", "ouija", "spirit board", "Oujia Board", "ouiji board", "Ouiji", "oujia board", "weejuh", "Weegie Board", "ouja boards", "Ouiji board", "ouija board", "Weejuh", "ouiji", "weegie board", "weegee board", "ouija boards", "talking boards", "Ouija Board", "quija board", "Ouija planchette", "Oujia board", "Ouja boards", "Weega", "Talking board", "weega", "talking board", "Ouija board", "Ouija boards", "Ouija", "Ouija Boards" ]

[ { "id": "1860050", "score": "1.8399682", "text": "Ouija The ouija ( ), also known as a spirit board or talking board, is a flat board marked with the letters of the alphabet, the numbers 0–9, the words \"yes\", \"no\", \"hello\" (occasionally), and \"goodbye\", along with various symbols and graphics. It uses a small heart-shaped piece of wood or plastic called a planchette. Participants place their fingers on the planchette, and it is moved about the board to spell out words. \"Ouija\" was formerly a trademark belonging to Parker Brothers, and has subsequently become a trademark of Hasbro, Inc. in the United States, but is often used generically", "title": "Ouija" }, { "id": "3218154", "score": "1.8131766", "text": "talking boards, including a Selchow & Righter \"Scientific Planchette\" and a G.W. Cottrell \"Boston Planchette.\" Planchette A planchette ( or ), from the French for \"little plank\", is a small, usually heart-shaped flat piece of wood equipped with two wheeled castors and a pencil-holding aperture, used to facilitate automatic writing. The use of planchettes to produce mysterious written messages gave rise to the belief that the devices foster communication with spirits as a form of mediumship. The devices were popular in séances during the Victorian era, before their eventual evolution into the simpler, non-writing pointing devices for ouija boards that", "title": "Planchette" }, { "id": "1977766", "score": "1.7910995", "text": "with an assistant who writes down or otherwise records their words. Spirit boards, also known as talking boards, or ouija boards (after a well-known brand name) are flat tablets, typically made of wood, Masonite, chipboard, or plastic. On the board are a number of symbols, pictures, letters, numbers and/or words. The board is accompanied by a planchette (French for \"little board\"), which can take the form of a pointer on three legs or magnifying glass on legs; homemade boards may employ a shot glass as a planchette. A most basic Ouija board would contain simply the alphabet of whatever country", "title": "Séance" }, { "id": "1860051", "score": "1.7830315", "text": "to refer to any talking board. According to Hasbro, players take turns asking questions and then \"wait to see what the planchette spells out\" for them. It is recommended for players over the age of 8. Following its commercial introduction by businessman Elijah Bond on July 1, 1890, the ouija board was regarded as a parlor game unrelated to the occult until American spiritualist Pearl Curran popularized its use as a divining tool during World War I. Spiritualists claimed that the dead were able to contact the living and reportedly used a talking board very similar to a modern ouija", "title": "Ouija" }, { "id": "3218142", "score": "1.762105", "text": "\"talking boards.\" Rather than writing, these devices \"dictate\" messages by pointing to the board's printed letters and numbers. As writing planchettes were popularized during the beginning of the spiritualist movement of the mid-19th century, planchettes predate the popularization of talking boards by nearly four decades. Planchettes rose to prominence in the years following the establishment of spiritualism in America, which began with the purported spirit communications of the Fox Sisters in 1848 and the resulting popularity of supernatural-themed parlor games, séances, and experiments in mediumship and table-turning. Participants in these events would experience strange movements of tables, and communicate with", "title": "Planchette" }, { "id": "3218139", "score": "1.7317182", "text": "Planchette A planchette ( or ), from the French for \"little plank\", is a small, usually heart-shaped flat piece of wood equipped with two wheeled castors and a pencil-holding aperture, used to facilitate automatic writing. The use of planchettes to produce mysterious written messages gave rise to the belief that the devices foster communication with spirits as a form of mediumship. The devices were popular in séances during the Victorian era, before their eventual evolution into the simpler, non-writing pointing devices for ouija boards that eclipsed the popularity of their original form. Paranormal advocates believe the planchette is moved by", "title": "Planchette" }, { "id": "10864669", "score": "1.7190541", "text": "to \"Daddy\" a certain number of times; after enough pushes, the clock will go off and \"Daddy\" will suddenly jerk upright from his bed (as if just having awakened from a nightmare), at which point the player claims the corresponding color card from a player that has it, then returns to the beginning of the board. Parker Brothers introduced the game at the 1992 American International Toy Fair. It was picked as the sixth best toy of the year (third-best among girls) in the Duracell Kids' Choice National Toy Survey, and was one of the best-selling games of the 1992", "title": "Don't Wake Daddy" }, { "id": "1860074", "score": "1.7030263", "text": "Parker Brothers Parker Brothers was an American toy and game manufacturer which later became a brand of Hasbro. More than 1,800 games were published under the Parker Brothers name since 1883. Among its products were \"Monopoly\", \"Cluedo\" (licensed from the British publisher and known as \"Clue\" in North America), \"Sorry!\", \"Risk\", \"Trivial Pursuit\", \"Ouija\", \"Aggravation\", \"Bop It\", and \"Probe\". The trade name became defunct with former products being marketed under the \"Hasbro Gaming\" label. However, in 2017, Hasbro revived the brand with the release of several new games which bear similarities with those of some of its previous better well", "title": "Parker Brothers" }, { "id": "2484800", "score": "1.6882045", "text": "\"Paper Games\", including \"3 Dimensional Tic Tac Toe\". Buyers received a pad of 50 sheets with preprinted game boards. \"Qubic\" is the brand name of equipment for the 4x4x4 game that was manufactured and marketed by Parker Brothers, starting in 1964. It was reissued in 1972 with a more modern design. Both versions described the game as \"Parker Brothers 3D Tic Tac Toe Game\". In the original issue the bottom level board was opaque plastic, and the upper three clear, all of simple square design. The 1972 reissue used four clear plastic boards with rounded corners. Whereas pencil and paper", "title": "3D tic-tac-toe" }, { "id": "2030352", "score": "1.6574026", "text": "is called Rumors. In this version of the game, when players transfer the message, they \"deliberately\" change one or two words of the phrase (often to something more humorous than the previous message). Intermediate messages can be compared. What an individual player changes in the message often says something about the player. The pen-and-paper game Telephone Pictionary (also known as Eat Poop You Cat) is played by alternately writing and illustrating captions, the paper being folded so that each player can only see the previous participant's contribution. Commercial boardgame versions \"Telestrations\" and \"Cranium Scribblish\" were both released in 2009. The", "title": "Chinese whispers" }, { "id": "7612820", "score": "1.6517395", "text": "original Parker Brothers rules. Bonkers! (game) Bonkers! (also known as This Game is Bonkers!) is a race-style board game designed by Paul J. Gruen and produced first by Parker Brothers, later by Milton Bradley, and briefly reissued by Winning Moves. The object is to be the first player to score 12 points by adding instruction cards to the empty spaces in an attempt to move to several scoring stations. The game's slogan (for all versions) is \"It's Never the Same Game Twice!\" Each game of \"Bonkers!\" comes with the following: The board consists of a 55-space looping track. Most of", "title": "Bonkers! (game)" }, { "id": "9368129", "score": "1.6376259", "text": "all angles. In addition, older versions allowed up to four players instead of six. However, modern versions of the game produced by Parker Brothers are made in an irregular pattern with a shape that varies for each player, though all players must travel an equal number of spaces in order to reach their respective home sections. The game starts with each player's placing four marbles in his/her \"base\". After the order of play is determined through the rolling of the die, each player rolls a single die on each turn to determine the number of spaces to move. All marbles", "title": "Aggravation (board game)" }, { "id": "10864670", "score": "1.632935", "text": "Christmas season. Parker Brothers spokeswoman Ronni Heyman described the game as \"a real sleeper\". The game's success was cited as a contributing factor in Hasbro's 46% increase in net income after the fourth quarter of 1992. Parker Brothers later released a smaller travel version of the game. The game served as the inspiration for a series of 1990s works by German artist Martin Kippenberger. Kippenberger used the symbols for the different \"noises\" in the game to plan a cycle of wood-carvings and oil paintings. A children's book based on the game, \"Don't Wake Daddy: Late-Night Snack\", was published by Scholastic", "title": "Don't Wake Daddy" }, { "id": "1977771", "score": "1.6130694", "text": "techniques—again including both skeptics and believers—state that the premise that a spirit will move the planchette and spell out messages using the symbols on the board is undermined by the fact that several people have their hands on the planchette, which allows any of them to spell out anything they want without the others knowing. They claim that this is a common trick, used on occasions such as teenage sleepover parties, to scare the people present. Another criticism of spirit board communication involves what is called the ideomotor effect which has been suggested as an automatism, or subconscious mechanism, by", "title": "Séance" }, { "id": "11149093", "score": "1.6005528", "text": "unless if the player is incorrect, they are eliminated from the game. If they are correct, the actual suspect is seen killing Mr. Boddy in an addition to the vignette and is then seen being arrested. The accusing player is the winner. Clue (1992 video game) Clue: Parker Brothers' Classic Detective Game is a North American-exclusive video game published for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis video game consoles. It is based on the popular board game of the same name. It was first announced for preview at the Summer CES in May 1992 with plans of distribution", "title": "Clue (1992 video game)" }, { "id": "1977767", "score": "1.5920877", "text": "the board is being used in, although it is not uncommon for whole words to be added. The board is used as follows: One or more of the participants in the séance place one or two fingers on the planchette which is in the middle of the board. The appointed medium asks questions of the spirit(s) with whom they are attempting to communicate. During the latter half of the 19th century, a number of Spiritualist mediums began to advocate the use of specialized tools for conducting séances, particularly in leader-assisted sessions conducted in darkened rooms. \"Spirit trumpets\" were horn-shaped speaking", "title": "Séance" }, { "id": "3218141", "score": "1.5919516", "text": "In Great Britain, planchettes took on the classical shapes popularized in early illustrations and newspaper depictions, with round, blunt noses and flat backs. Regardless of their shape or country of origin, almost all planchettes were equipped with brass castors and small wheels of bone or plastic, and their sometimes lavishly illustrated boxes were often packed with blank parchment, pencils, ouija-like folding letter sheets, and esoteric instructions espousing the mysterious communicative powers of the items. Though planchettes experienced great surges of popularity in Victorian times, in modern usage the term is most commonly associated with the heart-shaped pointers for Ouija or", "title": "Planchette" }, { "id": "11149089", "score": "1.5882024", "text": "Clue (1992 video game) Clue: Parker Brothers' Classic Detective Game is a North American-exclusive video game published for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis video game consoles. It is based on the popular board game of the same name. It was first announced for preview at the Summer CES in May 1992 with plans of distribution for that fall at a MSRP US$49.99 . Up to six players can play, using any controller. The object of the game, as in the board game, is to find out who killed Mr. Boddy where and with what. Each player is", "title": "Clue (1992 video game)" }, { "id": "4162857", "score": "1.5833018", "text": "resource production works, rules for the thief/robber, and several others. In all types of matches, players can use graphical \"ticklers\" (or \"emotes\") to communicate thoughts or feelings, including love or hatred of the dice and/or other players. Similar devices, referred to as \"Fooms\", were previously available in the Hardwood series of Xbox Live Arcade games. These can be used as an alternative to voice chat (which is supported but not required) in order to, for example, encourage opponents to \"sweeten a deal\" or warn that they are too close to winning. The ticklers are used by AI players to indicate", "title": "Catan (2007 video game)" }, { "id": "6518483", "score": "1.5831032", "text": "Scattergories Scattergories is a creative-thinking category-based party game originally published by Parker Brothers in 1988. Parker Brothers was purchased by Hasbro a few years later, and they published the game internationally under their Milton Bradley brand. The objective of the 2-to-6-player game is to score points by uniquely naming objects within a set of categories, given an initial letter, within a time limit. The game is based on a traditional game known as Tutti Frutti, Jeu du Baccalauréat, Stadt Land Fluss, and many other names. The game is played in sets of 3 rounds. In 1989, Milton Bradley published a", "title": "Scattergories" } ]

[ "Seattle railway station", "king street station seattle", "King Street Station (Seattle)", "Seattle Station", "Seattle King Street Station", "seattle station", "seattle train station", "seattle sounder station", "king street station sounder station", "king street station amtrak station", "king street station", "Seattle (Sounder station)", "King Street Station (Sounder station)", "seattle king street station", "seattle railway station", "seattle amtrak station", "King Street Station", "Seattle Train Station", "King Street Station (Amtrak station)", "Seattle (Amtrak station)" ]

[ { "id": "4496076", "score": "1.7710843", "text": "Sounder commuter rail Sounder commuter rail is a regional rail service operated by BNSF on behalf of Sound Transit. Service operates Monday through Friday during peak hours from Seattle, Washington, north to Everett and south to Lakewood. , schedules serve the traditional peak commutes, with most trains running inbound to Seattle in the morning and outbound in the afternoon. Three daily round-trips run the reverse commute to and from Tacoma. Additional Sounder trains operate on some Saturdays and Sundays for travel to and from Seahawks and Sounders games at CenturyLink Field and Mariners games at Safeco Field. Both stadiums are", "title": "Sounder commuter rail" }, { "id": "4496080", "score": "1.704037", "text": "currently three stops along the North Line: Edmonds, Mukilteo, and Everett. On May 31, 2008, service to Mukilteo station began. Additionally, Sound Transit partners with Amtrak Cascades to allow Sounder riders to use the two trains per day that Amtrak Cascades operates to Bellingham, WA and Vancouver, BC through the RailPlus program. This allows commuters to use the Sounder fare structure between Everett and Seattle. The program is available only to riders who use monthly passes. The Amtrak Cascades trains do not stop at Mukilteo nor does Amtrak's Empire Builder from Chicago, Illinois. Weekday ridership on the North Line was", "title": "Sounder commuter rail" }, { "id": "1659101", "score": "1.6842132", "text": "games. Trains service the stadium through Seattle's King Street Station and overflow tracks accommodate extra trains during events. Regional commuter trains operate on Sundays if the Seahawks have a home game. Trains also run for mid-day Sounders FC games on Saturdays. In 2008, the commuter trains carried 64,000 event goers to the two nearby stadiums. Amtrak, primarily through the Pacific Northwest corridor's Cascades route, also serves the station. On July 18, 2009, light rail service between SeaTac and downtown began in time for an exhibition match between the Sounders and Chelsea. The light rail connects to the baseball and football", "title": "CenturyLink Field" }, { "id": "6594069", "score": "1.6739264", "text": "of two side platforms, one serving Amtrak and the other serving Sounder commuter trains. Everett Station also functions as a park and ride, with 1,067 short-term parking spaces located in lots around the station after it was expanded by Sound Transit in 2009. Everett Station is served by six daily Amtrak trains: four \"Cascades\" runs between Seattle and Vancouver, British Columbia, and two \"Empire Builder\" runs between Seattle and Chicago. The station is also served by the North Line of Sound Transit's Sounder commuter rail service, running four trains in peak direction towards King Street Station in Seattle during the", "title": "Everett Station" }, { "id": "9642887", "score": "1.6661282", "text": "and leased to Sound Transit. Future plans call for double tracking of the railroad through Edmonds and a second platform at Edmonds station, located to the west along Railroad Avenue. Edmonds station is served by six daily Amtrak trains: four \"Cascades\" runs between Seattle and Vancouver, British Columbia, and two transcontinental \"Empire Builder\" runs between Seattle and Chicago. The station is also served by the North Line of Sound Transit's Sounder commuter rail service on weekdays, running four trains in peak direction towards King Street Station in Seattle during the morning commute and four trains from Seattle during the evening", "title": "Edmonds station (Washington)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "King Street Station\n\nKing Street Station is a train station in Seattle, Washington, United States. It is served by Amtrak's \"Cascades\", \"Coast Starlight\", and \"Empire Builder\", as well as Sounder commuter trains run by Sound Transit. The station also anchors a major transit hub, which includes Link light rail at International District/Chinatown station and Seattle Streetcar service. It is located at the south end of Downtown Seattle in the Pioneer Square neighborhood, near the intersection of South Jackson Street and 4th Avenue South, and has four major entrances. It is the 15th busiest station on the Amtrak system, serving as the hub for the Pacific Northwest region.\n\nOpened on May 10, 1906, it served as a union station for the Great Northern Railway and Northern Pacific Railway, both owned by James J. Hill. The station was designed by Reed and Stem and incorporated elements from various architectural styles, including a prominent clocktower inspired by St Mark's Campanile in Venice. A second city terminal, Union Station, was built one block to the east and opened in 1911. As passenger train service declined in the mid-20th century, King Street Station fell into disrepair and was renovated several times to conceal interior elements in the name of modernization. It was selected as Amtrak's sole Seattle station in 1971 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places two years later. Commuter rail service began in 2000 from a new platform and pedestrian bridge at South Weller Street. King Street Station was acquired by Seattle's city government in 2008 and was renovated in 2013 at a cost of $55 million, restoring its original fixtures.\n\nThe current station consists of ten tracks and four platforms, including one that is used by Sounder commuter trains and connected via a pedestrian bridge on South Weller Street. The remaining platforms, accessed from the station's waiting room, are used for Amtrak services and special event trains, including Rocky Mountaineer's \"Coastal Passage\" excursion trains.", "title": "King Street Station" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Edmonds station (Washington)\n\nEdmonds station is a train station serving the city of Edmonds, Washington, in the United States. The station is served by Amtrak's \"Cascades\" and \"Empire Builder\" routes, as well as Sound Transit's Sounder N Line, which runs between Everett and Seattle. It is located west of Downtown Edmonds adjacent to the city's ferry terminal, served by the Edmonds–Kingston ferry, and a Community Transit bus station. Edmonds station has a passenger waiting area, a single platform, and a model railroad exhibit.\n\nThe station building was opened by the Great Northern Railway in 1957, replacing the city's older depot from 1910. Great Northern merged into Burlington Northern (later BNSF Railway) in 1970; passenger service ceased when Amtrak took over Burlington Northern's passenger routes the following year. Amtrak began operating passenger service from Edmonds station in July 1972 and it has been served by \"Cascades\" (originally the \"Mount Baker International\") since 1995. Sound Transit began operating Sounder trains to Edmonds station in December 2003, and later funded a project to rebuild the station and transit center in 2011. The Sound Transit project was conceived after earlier plans to build a combined ferry–rail facility southwest of the city were cancelled in 2008.", "title": "Edmonds station (Washington)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Amtrak Cascades\n\nThe Amtrak \"Cascades\" is a passenger train corridor in the Pacific Northwest, operated by Amtrak in partnership with the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon. It is named after the Cascade mountain range that the route parallels. The corridor runs from Vancouver, British Columbia, through Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon to Eugene, Oregon.\n\nIn the fiscal year 2017, \"Cascades\" was Amtrak's eighth-busiest route with a total annual ridership of over 810,000. In fiscal year 2018, farebox recovery ratio for the train was 63%. On-time performance in FY2021 was 58.7%.\n\n, eight trains operate along the corridor each day – one round trip between Vancouver, BC and Seattle, one round trip between Seattle and Portland, and two round trips between Seattle and Eugene. , no train travels the entire length of the corridor. For trains that do not travel directly to Vancouver or Eugene, connections are available on Amtrak Thruway bus services.<ref name=\"Timetable\" /> Additionally, Amtrak Thruway services offer connections to other destinations in British Columbia, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington not on the rail corridor.", "title": "Amtrak Cascades" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Everett Station\n\nEverett Station is an Amtrak train station serving the city of Everett, Washington. The station has provided service to the \"Cascades\" and \"Empire Builder\" routes since its opening in 2002, replacing an earlier station near the Port of Everett. The four-story building also houses social service programs and is the center of a complex that includes parking lots and a large bus station used primarily by Community Transit, Everett Transit, and Sound Transit Express. The station has served as the northern terminus of the Sounder N Line since 2003 and the Swift Blue Line since 2009. It consists of two side platforms, one serving Amtrak and the other serving Sounder commuter trains. Everett Station also functions as a park and ride, with 1,067 short-term parking spaces located in lots around the station after it was expanded by Sound Transit in 2009.", "title": "Everett Station" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1 Line (Sound Transit)\n\nThe 1Line, formerly Central Link, is a light rail line in Seattle, Washington, United States, and part of Sound Transit's Link light rail system. It serves 19 stations in the cities of Seattle, SeaTac, and Tukwila, traveling nearly between and stations. The line connects the University District, Downtown Seattle, the Rainier Valley, and Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. The 1Line carried over 25 million total passengers in 2019, with an average of nearly 80,000 daily passengers on weekdays. It runs for 20 hours per day on weekdays and Saturdays, with headways of up to six minutes during peak hours, and reduced 18-hour service on Sundays and holidays.\n\nTrains are composed of two or more cars that each can carry 194 passengers, including 74 in seats, along with wheelchairs and bicycles. Fares are calculated based on distance traveled and are paid through the regional ORCA card, paper tickets, or a mobile app. Sound Transit uses proof-of-payment to verify passenger fares, employing fare ambassadors and transit police to conduct random inspections. All stations have ticket vending machines, public art, bicycle parking, and bus connections, while several also have park-and-ride lots.\n\nVoters approved Central Link in a 1996 ballot measure and construction began in 2003, after the project was reorganized under a new budget and truncated route in response to higher than expected costs. The light rail line, which followed decades of failed transit plans for the Seattle region, opened on July 18, 2009, terminating at in the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel and near Sea–Tac Airport. It was extended south to in December 2009, north to the University of Washington in March 2016, and south to Angle Lake in September 2016. The line was temporarily renamed the Red Line until its designation was changed to the 1Line in 2021, coinciding with an extension to Northgate.\n\nFurther extensions to Lynnwood and Federal Way are planned to open in 2024 and 2025, respectively. The 2 Line will open in 2023, connecting Seattle to the Eastside suburbs and forming a multi-line network via its connection with the 1Line. Further expansion under Sound Transit 3 will divide the current corridor between two lines, the 1Line from Ballard to Tacoma and the 3 Line from Everett to West Seattle.", "title": "1 Line (Sound Transit)" }, { "id": "11795631", "score": "1.657398", "text": "Sounder trains. During horse racing season at Emerald Downs, Sound Transit also operates the Pony Express shuttle from Auburn station. Auburn station (Sound Transit) Auburn is a train station in the city of Auburn, Washington, United States, served by Sounder commuter rail. It is located southwest of downtown Auburn and consists of two train platforms, a bus station, a parking garage, a public plaza, and a pedestrian bridge. The station has 633 parking spaces and is also served by Sound Transit Express, King County Metro, and Pierce Transit buses. Auburn station opened in 2000 and was built on the site", "title": "Auburn station (Sound Transit)" }, { "id": "11795722", "score": "1.6306196", "text": "from the station to Seattle and Portland. Tacoma Dome Station Tacoma Dome Station is a train station and transit hub in Tacoma, Washington, United States. It is served by Sounder commuter rail and Tacoma Link light rail, as well as local and intercity buses. Located near the Tacoma Dome south of Downtown Tacoma, the station consists of two train platforms used by Sounder that will eventually be shared with Amtrak trains, a platform for Tacoma Link, a bus terminal, and two parking garages. The Sounder station is integrated into Freighthouse Square, a former Milwaukee Road depot that was converted into", "title": "Tacoma Dome Station" }, { "id": "6331918", "score": "1.6278344", "text": "Avenue South. Until 2011, Amazon.com was a major tenant of these properties, all but one owned by Opus Northwest, and the other by Vulcan. The entire complex is earthquake-proofed by an underground ring of rubber. The remaining train service to Seattle (Amtrak long-distance trains and Sounder commuter trains) serves King Street Station, located one block to the west of Union Station. The International District / Chinatown station of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel, opened in 1990 and served by buses of King County Metro and (since 2009) by Sound Transit's Central Link light rail line, is located directly adjacent to", "title": "Union Station (Seattle)" }, { "id": "4496077", "score": "1.6222115", "text": "a short walk from King Street Station. The South Line began service with two round trip trains on September 18, 2000 with stops in Tacoma, Sumner and Auburn that terminated in Seattle. Puyallup and Kent stations were added February 5, 2001, with Tukwila being added March 12, 2001. There are currently thirteen round trips on the South Line, with three operating in the reverse commute direction. In July 2010, Sound Transit reached a new agreement with BNSF, valued at $185 million, which grants Sound Transit permanent access to the South Line corridor, as well as allowing four more daily round", "title": "Sounder commuter rail" }, { "id": "9642870", "score": "1.6198285", "text": "1910. Great Northern merged into Burlington Northern (later BNSF Railway) in 1970; passenger service ceased when Amtrak took over Burlington Northern's passenger routes the following year. Amtrak began operating passenger service from Edmonds station in July 1972 and it has been served by \"Cascades\" (originally the \"Mount Baker International\") since 1995. Sound Transit began operating Sounder trains to Edmonds station in December 2003, and later funded a project to rebuild the station and transit center in 2011. The Sound Transit project was conceived after earlier plans to build a combined ferry–rail facility southwest of the city were cancelled in 2008.", "title": "Edmonds station (Washington)" }, { "id": "11795625", "score": "1.6145084", "text": "an alternative on the Union Pacific Railroad near the Supermall. The station was included in the rejected 1995 ballot measure and successful 1996 ballot measure that would fund a commuter rail system managed by Sound Transit. The location of Auburn station was approved by the Sound Transit Board in March 1998 and a design contract with Anil Verma Associates was signed in August. On August 12, 1999, Sound Transit broke ground on Auburn station, marking the beginning of Sounder commuter rail construction. Construction of the station was delayed for several months while Sound Transit negotiated a long-term track lease with", "title": "Auburn station (Sound Transit)" }, { "id": "9642884", "score": "1.6111085", "text": "BNSF Railway, the successor to Burlington Northern. The interim station in Edmonds included an extended platform and new parking lot on the south side of the Amtrak facility, both located on property acquired from BNSF. Sounder commuter rail service from Everett and Edmonds began on December 21, 2003. The final environmental impact statement for the Edmonds Crossing project was published in 2004 and received a Record of Decision the following year, but lacked a funding source. Jurisdiction of the $171 million project was transferred to Washington State Ferries in 2007, but the ferry system instead prioritized repair and replacement of", "title": "Edmonds station (Washington)" }, { "id": "3500857", "score": "1.6100177", "text": "City of Seattle in 2008 for $10 and, with enough funds finally in place, the restoration was finally completed in 2013. The station is served by Amtrak \"Cascades\", \"Empire Builder\", and \"Coast Starlight\" trains, and by Sound Transit's Sounder commuter trains. King St. Station is also the Seattle terminus for the Rocky Mountaineer's luxury excursion train, the \"Coastal Passage\". In 2017, Seattle was the 15th busiest station in the national Amtrak System. Built between 1904 and 1906 by the Great Northern Railway and Northern Pacific Railway, the station replaced an antiquated station on Railroad Avenue, today's Alaskan Way. Designed by", "title": "King Street Station" }, { "id": "9642883", "score": "1.6080282", "text": "regional ballot measure in March. The ballot measure was rejected by voters, but a $3.9 billion plan was approved in the November 1996 election, including a commuter rail line from Everett to Seattle and $6 million in funding for an Edmonds station on the line. The Amtrak station was selected by Sound Transit as the site of the interim station in 2000 and the city government approved a fifteen-year plan for the interim station in 2002. The commuter rail line was originally scheduled to begin service in 2001, but was delayed due to negotiations with the Federal Transit Administration and", "title": "Edmonds station (Washington)" }, { "id": "11795573", "score": "1.6047084", "text": "station. The 2014 update to the long-range plan re-studied the corridor as an extension to the proposed West Seattle light rail or bus rapid transit line, and also considered a connection to Sounder at Tukwila station. Tukwila station is also being studied as a potential stop for the state's proposed high-speed rail network. The station is included in plans for a Vancouver, B.C.–Seattle–Portland line along the \"Cascades\" corridor, as well as a Seattle–Spokane line connecting to Eastern Washington. The station is served by 13 daily round-trips on Sounder, which travel north to King Street Station in Downtown Seattle and south", "title": "Tukwila station" }, { "id": "6594068", "score": "1.6035852", "text": "Everett Station Everett Station is an Amtrak train station serving the city of Everett, Washington. The station has provided service to the \"Cascades\" and \"Empire Builder\" routes since its opening in 2002, replacing an earlier station near the Port of Everett. The four-story building also houses social service programs and is the center of a complex that includes parking lots and a large bus station used primarily by Community Transit, Everett Transit, and Sound Transit Express. The station has served as the northern terminus of the Sounder North Line since 2003 and Swift Bus Rapid Transit since 2009. It consists", "title": "Everett Station" }, { "id": "11795704", "score": "1.6024197", "text": "east side of the Amtrak station. The Tacoma Dome Station complex was constructed and opened in phases from 1997 to 2017. The parking garage and bus terminal were opened in 1997. Sounder service began in September 2000, followed by Tacoma Link in August 2003, and a permanent platform for Sounder was opened in September 2003. Amtrak service briefly began on December 18, 2017, after the opening of the Point Defiance Bypass, replacing a nearby station. However, after a derailment that day, Amtrak indefinitely rerouted trains back to the old station. By 2030, an extension of the Link light rail system", "title": "Tacoma Dome Station" }, { "id": "11795558", "score": "1.5999305", "text": "Tukwila station Tukwila is a train station in Tukwila, Washington, United States. The station was built by Sound Transit to serve its Sounder commuter rail service, as well as Amtrak's intercity \"Cascades\" line. It includes 390 parking spaces and a bus platform served by King County Metro's RapidRide F Line and other routes. Tukwila station was approved for construction in 1996 and an interim station opened on March 12, 2001, using temporary platforms and a leased parking lot. Construction of a permanent station was delayed until additional funding was found and further design work was completed. The $46 million project", "title": "Tukwila station" }, { "id": "11795718", "score": "1.5978141", "text": "on East 25th Street, between East D Street and East G Street, in the Dome District area southeast of Downtown Tacoma. The station consists of two buildings, three train platforms, a bus terminal, and two parking garages. The Sounder and Amtrak concourses are located on the south side of the street within Freighthouse Square, a former Milwaukee Road freight depot built in 1909 and later renovated into a shopping center. The station's Amtrak and Sounder platforms are situated on the south side of the building. The lone Tacoma Link platform is located on the north side of East 25th Street,", "title": "Tacoma Dome Station" }, { "id": "11795567", "score": "1.5917904", "text": "on lease from Boeing. Tukwila was the seventh Sounder station to open, and was initially expected to open in September 2001; the opening date was moved up to February to coincide with the opening of stations in Kent and Puyallup, but delayed to complete additional construction. Amtrak began \"Cascades\" service to Tukwila on June 1, 2001, after contributing $1 million for the temporary station's construction. Sound Transit signed an agreement in 2002 to delay design work on the permanent station for up to ten years while the City of Tukwila revised its development plans and the City of Renton completed", "title": "Tukwila station" } ]

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[ { "id": "2697077", "score": "1.8748504", "text": "gamers preferred to save up their money rather than spend it on a console that was doomed to become obsolete in just a few months. The Sega Saturn was released as Sega's entry into the 32-bit console market. It became Sega's most successful console in Japan, but it was not the overseas commercial success that the Master System and Mega Drive had been and lagged in third place overall. The Atari Jaguar was released in 1993 as the world's first 64-bit system. However, sales at launch were well below the incumbent fourth generation consoles, and a small games library rooted", "title": "Fifth generation of video game consoles" }, { "id": "397803", "score": "1.8569822", "text": "Sega Saturn The is a 32-bit fifth-generation home video game console developed by Sega and released on November 22, 1994 in Japan, May 11, 1995 in North America, and July 8, 1995 in Europe. The successor to the successful Sega Genesis, the Saturn has a dual-CPU architecture and eight processors. Its games are in CD-ROM format, and its game library contains several arcade ports as well as original games. Development of the Saturn began in 1992, the same year Sega's groundbreaking 3D Model 1 arcade hardware debuted. Designed around a new CPU from Japanese electronics company Hitachi, another video display", "title": "Sega Saturn" }, { "id": "1998166", "score": "1.806684", "text": "SG-1000 The also known as the Sega Computer Video Game SG-1000, is a home video game console manufactured by Sega and released in Japan, Australia, and other regions. It was Sega's first entry into the home video game hardware business, and provided the basis for the more successful Master System. Introduced in 1983, the SG-1000 was released on the same day that Nintendo released the Family Computer in Japan. The SG-1000 was released in several forms, including the SC-3000 computer and the redesigned SG-1000 II, also known as the Mark II, released in 1984. Developed in response to a downturn", "title": "SG-1000" }, { "id": "2697089", "score": "1.8019966", "text": "Super NES), while Sega was third with 23% (with a percentage of that from the Dreamcast). Production of the Sega Saturn was discontinued in 1998. Its demise being accelerated by rumors that work on its successor was underway; these rumors hurt the systems' sales in the west as early as 1997. The N64 was succeeded by the GameCube in 2001, but continued its production until 2004; however, PlayStation production was not ceased as it was redesigned as the PSone, further extending the life of the console around the release of the follow-up PlayStation 2. The PlayStation console production was discontinued", "title": "Fifth generation of video game consoles" }, { "id": "14784451", "score": "1.7841868", "text": "nearly two to one during the 1991 holiday season. By January 1992, Sega controlled 65% of the 16-bit console market, making it the first time Nintendo was not the console leader since 1985. Sega outsold Nintendo four Christmas seasons in a row due to the Genesis' head start, lower price, and a larger library of games when compared to the Super Nintendo at its release. In 1990, Sega launched the Game Gear, a handheld console, to compete against Nintendo's Game Boy. The console was designed as a portable version of the Master System, and featured more powerful systems than the", "title": "Sega" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Dreamcast\n\nThe is a home video game console released by Sega on November 27, 1998, in Japan; September 9, 1999, in North America; and October 14, 1999, in Europe. It was the first sixth-generation video game console, preceding Sony's PlayStation 2, Nintendo's GameCube and Microsoft's Xbox, and it was Sega's final console, ending the company's eighteen years in the console market.\n\nThe Dreamcast was developed by an internal Sega team led by Hideki Sato. In contrast to the expensive hardware of the unsuccessful Saturn, the Dreamcast was designed to reduce costs with \"off-the-shelf\" components, including a Hitachi SH-4 CPU and an NEC PowerVR2 GPU. Sega used the GD-ROM media format to avoid the expenses of DVD-ROM technology and a custom version of the Windows CE operating system to make porting PC games easy. The Dreamcast was the first console to include a built-in modular modem for internet access and online play.\n\nThough released in Japan to a subdued reception, the Dreamcast had a successful US launch backed by a large marketing campaign. However, interest steadily declined as Sony built anticipation for the PlayStation 2. Dreamcast sales did not meet Sega's expectations after several price cuts, and the company suffered significant financial losses. After a change in leadership, Sega discontinued the Dreamcast on March 31, 2001, withdrew from the console business, and restructured itself as a third-party developer. 9.13 million Dreamcast units were sold worldwide.\n\nDespite its short lifespan and limited third-party support, reviewers have celebrated the Dreamcast as one of the greatest consoles. It is considered ahead of its time for pioneering concepts such as online play and downloadable content. Many of its games are regarded as innovative, including \"Crazy Taxi\", \"Jet Set Radio\", \"Phantasy Star Online\", \"Shenmue\", \"Sonic Adventure\" and high-quality ports from Sega's NAOMI arcade system board.", "title": "Dreamcast" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of commercial failures in video games\n\nThe list of commercial failures in video games includes any video game software on any platform, and any video game console hardware, of all time. As a hit-driven business, the great majority of the video game industry's software releases have been commercial disappointments. In the early 21st century, industry commentators made these general estimates: 10% of published games generated 90% of revenue; that around 3% of PC games and 15% of console games have global sales of more than 100,000 units per year, with even this level insufficient to make high-budget games profitable; and that about 20% of games make any profit.\n\nSome of these failure events have drastically changed the video game market since its origin in the late 1970s. For example, the failure of \"E.T.\" contributed to the video game crash of 1983. Some games, though commercial failures, are well received by certain groups of gamers and are considered cult games.", "title": "List of commercial failures in video games" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "GameCube\n\nThe is a home video game console developed and released by Nintendo in Japan on September 14, 2001, in North America on November 18, 2001, and in PAL territories in 2002. It is the successor to the Nintendo 64 (1996), and predecessor of the Wii (2006). In the sixth generation of video game consoles, the GameCube competed with Sony's PlayStation 2 and Microsoft's Xbox. Flagship games include \"Super Smash Bros. Melee\", \"Luigi's Mansion\", \"Super Mario Sunshine\", \"Metroid Prime\", \"\", \"Pikmin\", \"Pikmin 2\", \"\", \"Chibi-Robo!\", and \"Animal Crossing\".\n\nDevelopment was enabled by the 1997 formation of computer graphics company ArtX, of former SGI employees who had created the Nintendo 64, and which was later acquired by ATI to produce the GameCube's GPU. In May 1999, Nintendo announced codename Dolphin, released in 2001 as the GameCube. It is Nintendo's first console to use optical discs instead of ROM cartridges, supplemented by writable memory cards for saved games. Unlike its competitors, it is solely focused on gaming and does not play mass media like DVD or CD. The console supports limited online gaming for a few games via a GameCube broadband or modem adapter and can connect to a Game Boy Advance with a link cable for exclusive in-game features using the handheld as a second screen and controller. The GameCube supports e-Reader cards to unlock special features in a few games. The Game Boy Player add-on runs Game Boy, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance cartridge games.\n\nReception of the GameCube was mixed. It was praised for its controller and extensive library of high-quality games, but was criticized for its exterior design and lack of multimedia features. Nintendo sold GameCube units worldwide, much fewer than anticipated, and discontinued it in 2007. It was succeeded by the Wii; the first model launched in November 2006 with full backward compatibility with GameCube games and accessories.", "title": "GameCube" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Handheld game console\n\nA handheld game console, or simply handheld console, is a small, portable self-contained video game console with a built-in screen, game controls and speakers. Handheld game consoles are smaller than home video game consoles and contain the console, screen, speakers, and controls in one unit, allowing people to carry them and play them at any time or place.\n\nIn 1976, Mattel introduced the first handheld electronic game with the release of \"Auto Race\". Later, several companies—including Coleco and Milton Bradley—made their own single-game, lightweight table-top or handheld electronic game devices. The first commercial successful handheld console was Merlin from 1978 which sold more than 5 million units. The first handheld game console with interchangeable cartridges is the Milton Bradley Microvision in 1979.\n\nNintendo is credited with popularizing the handheld console concept with the release of the Game Boy in 1989 The first internet-enabled handheld console and the first with a touchscreen was the Game.com released by Tiger Electronics in 1997. The Nintendo DS, released in 2004, introduced touchscreen controls and wireless online gaming to a wider audience, becoming the best-selling handheld console with over units sold worldwide.", "title": "Handheld game console" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Atari Jaguar\n\nThe Atari Jaguar is a home video game console developed by Atari Corporation and released in North America in November 1993. Part of the fifth generation of video game consoles, it competed with the 16-bit Sega Genesis, the Super NES and the 32-bit 3DO Interactive Multiplayer that launched the same year. Powered by two custom 32-bit Tom and in addition to a Motorola 68000, Atari marketed it as the world's first 64-bit game system, emphasizing its 64-bit bus used by the blitter. which received divisive reviews. The system's library ultimately comprised only 50 licensed games.\n\nDevelopment of the Atari Jaguar started in the early 1990s by Flare Technology, which focused on the system after cancellation of the Atari Panther console. The multi-chip architecture, hardware bugs, and poor tools made writing games for the Jaguar difficult. Underwhelming sales further eroded the console's third-party support.<ref name=\"atariage.com\"/>\n\nAtari attempted to extend the lifespan of the system with the Atari Jaguar CD add-on, with an additional 13 games, and emphasizing the Jaguar's price of over less than its competitors. With the release of the Sega Saturn and Sony PlayStation in 1995, sales of the Jaguar continued to fall. It sold no more than 150,000 units before it was discontinued in 1996. The commercial failure of the Jaguar prompted Atari to leave the console market.\n\nAfter Hasbro Interactive acquired all Atari Corporation properties,<ref name=\"ataritohasbro\"/> the patents of the Jaguar were released into the public domain, with the console declared an open platform.<ref name=\"hasbro\"/> Since its discontinuation, hobbyists have produced games for the system.<ref name=\"redundant\"/>", "title": "Atari Jaguar" }, { "id": "397694", "score": "1.7828066", "text": "presented as a low-cost option for consumers looking to play 32-bit games. Developed in response to the Atari Jaguar and concerns that the Saturn would not make it to market by the end of 1994, the product was conceived as an entirely new console. At the suggestion of Sega of America executive Joe Miller and his team, the console was converted into an add-on to the existing Genesis and made more powerful. The final design contained two 32-bit central processing units and a 3D graphics processor. To bring the new add-on to market by its scheduled release date of November", "title": "32X" }, { "id": "447721", "score": "1.7650076", "text": "third generation as \"8-bit\". Sega scaled down and adapted their Sega System 16 (used to power arcade hits like Altered Beast and Shinobi) into the Mega Drive (sold as the Genesis in North America) and released it with a near arcade-perfect port of Altered Beast. Sega's console met lukewarm sales in Japan, but skyrocketed to first place in PAL markets, and made major inroads in North America. Propelled by its effective \"Genesis does what Nintendon't\" marketing campaign, Sega capitalized on the Genesis's technological superiority over the NES, faithful ports of popular arcade games, and competitive pricing. The arcade gaming company", "title": "Video game console" }, { "id": "989952", "score": "1.7565429", "text": "console market in Japan, which was in its infancy at the time. Nakayama received permission to proceed with this project, leading to the release of Sega's first home video game system, the SG-1000. The SG-1000 was first released in Japan on July 15, 1983, at a price of JP¥15,000. It was launched on the same day that Nintendo released the Family Computer (Famicom) in Japan. Shortly after the launch of the SG-1000, Gulf and Western began to divest itself of its non-core businesses after the death of company founder, Charles Bluhdorn, so Nakayama and former Sega CEO David Rosen arranged", "title": "Master System" }, { "id": "14784432", "score": "1.74945", "text": "\"Sonic the Hedgehog\" in 1991 and outsold its main competitor, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, in the first half of the 1990s. However, in the second half of the decade, Sega suffered commercial failures such as the 32X, Sega Saturn, and Dreamcast consoles. In 2001, Sega stopped manufacturing consoles to become a third-party developer and publisher, and was acquired by Sammy Corporation in 2004. Sega produces several multi-million-selling game franchises including \"Sonic the Hedgehog\", \"Total War\", and \"Yakuza,\" and is the world's most prolific arcade game producer. It also operates amusement arcades and produces other entertainment products, including Sega Toys.", "title": "Sega" }, { "id": "397679", "score": "1.743132", "text": "to the success of the Genesis, Sega was also supporting two peripherals for its home system, the Sega CD, and the 32X, as well as developing its new 32-bit system, the Sega Saturn. Despite selling 10.62 million units by March 1996, the Game Gear was never able to match the success of its main rival, the Game Boy, which sold over ten times that number. The system's late sales were further hurt by Nintendo's release of the Game Boy Pocket, a smaller version of the Game Boy which could run on two AAA batteries. Plans for a 16-bit successor to", "title": "Game Gear" }, { "id": "443449", "score": "1.7423828", "text": "practically ended retail interest in video gaming products, an 8-bit third generation of video game consoles started in Japan as early as 1983 with the release of both Nintendo's Family Computer (\"Famicom\") and Sega's SG-1000 on July 15. The first clearly trumped the second in terms of commercial success in the country, causing Sega to replace it, two years later, by a severely improved and modernized version called the Sega Mark III. In efforts to make the Famicom marketable in the US, Nintendo created a completely redesigned version of it, called the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), to be sold in", "title": "History of video games" }, { "id": "447738", "score": "1.7401807", "text": "rushed its old project to the market. The PC-FX, a CD-based, 32-bit console, had highly advanced, detailed 2D graphics capabilities, and better full-motion video than any other system on the market. It was, however, incapable of handling 3D graphics, forfeiting its chances at seriously competing with Sony and Sega. The console was limited to a niche market of dating sims and visual novels in Japan, and never saw release in Western markets. After the abortive 32X, Sega entered the fifth generation with the Saturn. Sega released several highly regarded titles for the Saturn, but a series of bad decisions alienated", "title": "Video game console" }, { "id": "20934034", "score": "1.7401388", "text": "new variations have continued to be released, long after the console was discontinued elsewhere, distributed by Sega's partner in the region, Tectoy. By 2016, the Master System had sold 8 million units in Brazil. Because Tectoy continued to produce the Master System years after its cancellation, the console is considered the longest-lived in the history of video game consoles. During 1984, Sega opened its European division. It re-entered the North American arcade market in 1985 with the establishment of another new division at the end of a deal with Bally. The release of \"Hang-On\" in 1985 would prove successful in", "title": "History of Sega" }, { "id": "381215", "score": "1.7394084", "text": "Sega's Genesis console. The SNES remained popular well into the 32-bit era having sold 49.1 million worldwide (Comparative to the NES's 61.9 million). It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers, some of whom still make homebrew ROM images, in addition to its popularity in Nintendo's emulated rereleases, such as in Virtual Console environment. To compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the", "title": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System" }, { "id": "14489372", "score": "1.7363665", "text": "counterpart, the TurboGrafx, lagged behind the competition. The console never saw an official release in Europe, but clones and North American imports were available in some markets starting in 1990. NEC advertised their console as \"16-bit\" to highlight its advances over the NES. This started the trend of all subsequent fourth generations consoles being advertised as 16 bit. Many people still refer to this generation as the 16-bit generation, and often refer to the third generation as \"8-bit\". Sega scaled down and adapted their Sega System 16 (used to power arcade hits like Altered Beast and Shinobi) into the Mega", "title": "Home video game console" }, { "id": "5987113", "score": "1.7342879", "text": "The main microprocessor is a 16/32-bit Motorola 68000 CPU clocked at 7.6 MHz. The console uses a Zilog Z80 sub-processor, mainly used to control the sound hardware and provide backward compatibility with the Master System. The system has 72 kB of RAM, 64 kB of video RAM, and can display up to 61 colors at once from a palette of 512. The games are in ROM cartridge format and inserted in the top. The system produces sound using a Yamaha YM2612 FM synthesizer and a Texas Instruments SN76489 PSG; the latter is integrated with the Video Display Processor (VDP). The", "title": "Sega Genesis" }, { "id": "5987066", "score": "1.7329013", "text": "Sega Genesis The Sega Genesis, known as the in regions outside of North America, is a 16-bit home video game console developed and sold by Sega. The Genesis was Sega's third console and the successor to the Master System. Sega released the console as the Mega Drive in Japan in 1988, followed by North America as the Genesis in 1989. In 1990, the console was distributed as the Mega Drive by Virgin Mastertronic in Europe, Ozisoft in Australasia, and Tec Toy in Brazil. In South Korea, the systems were distributed by Samsung as the Super Gam*Boy and later the Super", "title": "Sega Genesis" }, { "id": "397872", "score": "1.7313135", "text": "could have saved them.\" According to Stuart, Sega \"didn't see ... the roots of a prevailing trend, away from arcade conversions and traditional role-playing adventures and toward a much wider console development community with fresh ideas about gameplay and structure.\" Pulp365 reviews editor Matt Paprocki concluded \"the Saturn is a relic, but an important one, which represents the harshness of progress and what it can leave in its wake\". Sega Saturn The is a 32-bit fifth-generation home video game console developed by Sega and released on November 22, 1994 in Japan, May 11, 1995 in North America, and July 8,", "title": "Sega Saturn" }, { "id": "20934017", "score": "1.7290585", "text": "Master System—but struggled against competitors like the Nintendo Entertainment System. Sega released its next console, the Sega Genesis (known as the Mega Drive outside of North America) in 1988. Although it initially struggled, the Genesis became a resounding commercial success after the release of \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" in 1991 and outsold its main competitor, the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, throughout the first half of the 1990s. However, Sega experienced commercial failures in the second half of the decade such as the 32X, Sega Saturn, and Dreamcast. In 2001 Sega stopped manufacturing consoles to become a third-party developer and publisher, and", "title": "History of Sega" }, { "id": "381216", "score": "1.7269741", "text": "Sega Genesis, respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. However, it took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping. Designed by Masayuki Uemura, the designer of the original Famicom, the Super Famicom was released in Japan on Wednesday, November 21, 1990 for 25,000 yen (equivalent to yen in ). It was an instant success; Nintendo's initial shipment of 300,000 units sold out within", "title": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System" } ]

[ "Meet the Press with David Gregory", "meet press with tim russert", "Meet the Press with Tim Russert", "Meet the Depressed", "meet depressed", "Meet The Press", "meet press with david gregory", "mtp daily", "Meet the Press", "MTP Daily", "meet press" ]

[ { "id": "1943309", "score": "1.65243", "text": "final number \"Isn't it Romantic.\" After a 29-year run—26 years in syndication—and nearly 7,000 one-hour daily shows, the final original episode of \"Donahue\" aired on September 13, 1996, culminating what as of 2015 remains the longest continuous run of any syndicated talk show in U.S. television history. While hosting his own program, Donahue also appeared on NBC's \"The Today Show\" as a contributor, from 1979 until 1988. In the 1980s, at the height of the Cold War, Donahue and Soviet journalist Vladimir Posner co-hosted a series of televised discussions, known as the U.S.–Soviet Space Bridge, among everyday citizens of the", "title": "Phil Donahue" }, { "id": "3622368", "score": "1.6467986", "text": "– March 23, 1973), the longest run of any game show on that network (\"Wheel of Fortune\" was a month shy of tying that record when the initial NBC run ended on June 30, 1989). This series was hosted by Hugh Downs and later by Bob Clayton, but for a six-month period in 1969, Ed McMahon hosted the series. The series began at 11:30 AM Eastern, then moved to 11:00 and finally to 10:30. Nearly all episodes of the NBC daytime version were produced at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York City. A weekly nighttime version appeared in two separate broadcast", "title": "Concentration (game show)" }, { "id": "5997704", "score": "1.6446059", "text": "and his program in a March 1993 \"CBS This Morning\" segment). Meyer would close each program by reminding viewers that \"the more books you read, the \"taller\" you grow\". The program ran on Sunday mornings for its entire 42-year run, the longest tenure of any non-news local program in Tulsa television history, until January 1995, when it ended its run with a tribute to Meyer (who died from heart failure earlier that month). The children's variety program \"King Lionel's Court\", which aired from 1958 to 1973, featured host Lee Woodward and his lion puppet sidekick named King Lionel (Woodward created", "title": "KOTV-DT" }, { "id": "9085648", "score": "1.6441159", "text": "was broadcast on both Tuesday and Thursday nights and reduced in October 1956 to Thursday nights only. Although network evening newscasts were not expanded to a half hour until 1963, the 1956-57 season was the last one in which the American networks aired 15 minute long entertainment programs to complete filling the time slot. This series holds the distinction of being the first television program to use videotape. A song performed by Your Hit Parade regular Dorothy Collins introduced the new format on October 23, 1956. Winters' show was also one of the first weekly series to broadcast In color.", "title": "The Jonathan Winters Show" }, { "id": "7424058", "score": "1.6306822", "text": "Salk, Ruth Westheimer, Tom Frieden), entertainers (Eli Wallach, Steve Allen, Robert Redford). The Open Mind (TV series) The Open Mind is a nationally broadcast public affairs interview program. , the longest-running in the history of American public television. First broadcast in May 1956, this \"thoughtful excursion into the world of ideas\" across politics, media, technology, the arts and realms of civic life currently originates from CUNY TV Studios and airs on PBS stations. Its creator, Richard Heffner, was host until his death on December 17, 2013. In 2014, Alexander Heffner, Richard Heffner's grandson, took over as the program's host renewing", "title": "The Open Mind (TV series)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:WikiProject Television/Recognized content" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Vital articles/List of all articles" }, { "id": "1723627", "score": "1.6259387", "text": "one of the longest-running television programs in broadcast history and the longest continuously run weekday program on cable television. It is hosted by Pat Robertson, Gordon P. Robertson, Terry Meeuwsen, and Wendy Griffith. Previous co-hosts include Ben Kinchlow (1975–88, 1992–96), Sheila Walsh (1987–92), Danuta Rylko Soderman (1983–87), Kristi Watts (1999–2013), and Lisa Ryan. Tim Robertson served as host for a year (1987–88) along with Kinchlow and actress Susan Howard, while Pat Robertson ran unsuccessfully for President in the 1988 campaign. In 1960, Pat Robertson, the son of former U.S. Senator Absalom Willis Robertson, purchased the license for WTOV-TV, channel 27", "title": "The 700 Club" }, { "id": "5080710", "score": "1.6139665", "text": "musical variety program \"The Fred Waring Show\". During that June–September period, devoted fans of the departed radio program could finally not only hear, but also see Fadiman, Adams, and Kieran in action. His longest-lasting TV program was \"This Is Show Business\", which ran on CBS from July 15, 1949 to March 9, 1954. Called \"This Is Broadway\" during the first four months of its run, the show mixed song, dance, and other musical entertainment, with information. Host Fadiman, celebrity guest panelists, and regular raconteurs/intellectuals Kaufman, Abe Burrows, and Sam Levenson commented on the musical performers and chatted with them. In", "title": "Clifton Fadiman" }, { "id": "9069432", "score": "1.6112182", "text": "charge voiced over: \"Captain 11! Today's man of the future!\" The show ran from March 7, 1955 to December 27, 1996, making it the longest continuously running children’s television program in the United States. Dedrick's autobiography reveals interesting background about the show, like why the character's trademark rubber headphones were eventually discarded after many seasons, and how the set designers could not agree on a single design and eventually had to work independently on their own sections. Dave Dedrick retired from broadcasting on December 30, 1996. He was inducted into the South Dakota Broadcasters Hall of Fame on April 18,", "title": "Captain 11" }, { "id": "17414359", "score": "1.5993919", "text": "run as a one-hour program, it aired at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Saturday. When it returned in its new 30-minute format in September 1980, it aired at 8:00 p.m. Saturday, moving to 8:30 p.m. Saturday in November 1980, where it remained until the end of its run in March 1981. In June 1981, CBS began broadcasting reruns of 30-minute episodes at 8:30 p.m. on Monday; these continued until August 31, 1981, when the show left the air for good. Despite its failure in the ratings, \"The Tim Conway Show\" would prove to be the longest-lived of the shows featuring", "title": "The Tim Conway Show (1980 TV series)" }, { "id": "8021940", "score": "1.5987978", "text": "Show\", which first aired in 1948. The most recently premiered show is \"The Sopranos\", which first aired in 1999. The show with the shortest run is \"An American Family\", which aired only twelve episodes and two subsequent special episodes. The longest-running show on the list is \"The Today Show\", which has aired since 1952. 41 of the shows are prime time, five are daytime and four are late-night. NBC has the most shows on the list with 17, counting the final season of \"Taxi\"; otherwise, it ties with CBS at 16. ABC has eight, Fox, HBO and PBS each have", "title": "TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time" }, { "id": "2528494", "score": "1.5963275", "text": "15 years as host and was succeeded by Charles Osgood. At age 60, Kuralt surprised many by retiring from CBS News. At the time, he was the longest tenured on-air personality in the News Division. However, he hinted that his retirement might not be complete. In 1995 he narrated the TLC documentary \"The Revolutionary War\", and in early 1997, he signed on to host a syndicated, three-times-a-week, ninety-second broadcast, \"An American Moment,\" presenting what CNN called \"slices of Americana.\" Then, Kuralt also agreed to host a CBS cable broadcast show, \"I Remember\", designed as a weekly, hour-long review of significant", "title": "Charles Kuralt" }, { "id": "5957953", "score": "1.5961497", "text": "Paterson, Ken Peters, Frank Provo, Jean Rouverol, Naomi Stevens, Janet Waldo and Ben Wright. After 3,256 episodes, the radio series ceased production on April 24, 1959 (several sources give the date of May 8, 1959). \"One Man's Family\" was the longest-running serial drama in American radio broadcasting, edging out \"Ma Perkins\" (although Ma Perkins produced over twice as many episodes). Organist Paul Carson, who played the background music and the opening theme, \"Destiny Waltz\" (1932–41), composed the show's later theme, \"Waltz Patrice\" (aka \"Patricia\"). Among its other trademarks, episodes were introduced as if they were chapters from books. Beginning in", "title": "One Man's Family" }, { "id": "2959073", "score": "1.5959228", "text": "26, the series went nationwide on NBC until December 24, after which it remained dormant until March 17, 1950 when it was picked up by ABC until June 29, 1951. Its longest and most well-known run, however, is the one on the DuMont Television Network from July 6, 1951 to May 30, 1954. During this time, original host Bill Slater was replaced by Jay Jackson. After this run ended, ABC picked up the series once again from July 6, 1954 to May 3, 1955. The last radio show had been broadcast on March 27, 1954. In 1975, producer Ron Greenberg", "title": "Twenty Questions" }, { "id": "469427", "score": "1.5941985", "text": "\"Family Feud\" in 1978. Television's current longest-running game show, \"The Price Is Right\", began its run hosted by Bob Barker in 1972. Another influential genre was the television newscast, which built on its initial widespread success in the 1960s. The science fiction phenomenon of the late 1970s that began with \"Star Wars\" went to television with shows such as \"Battlestar Galactica\". Variety shows, a staple of TV programming since the beginning, were also re-engineered to appeal to young viewers. Old standbys such as \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" and \"The Red Skelton Show\" were canceled and replaced by hipper programming like", "title": "1970s" }, { "id": "5080711", "score": "1.5925422", "text": "late September 1951, \"This Is Show Business\" became the first regular CBS Television series to be broadcast live from coast-to-coast. The continuing need in 1950s TV for summer series to replace live variety shows likewise brought this show back in 1956 for a 12-week period (June 26 – September 11). Fadiman and Burrows returned along with new panelists Walter Slezak and actress Jacqueline Susann, the future author of \"Valley of the Dolls\". Susann's husband, TV executive Irving Mansfield, produced the 1956 revival for NBC television. Fadiman was also the last master of ceremonies to host the ABC-TV game show \"The", "title": "Clifton Fadiman" }, { "id": "8491399", "score": "1.5916944", "text": "in 2006, leading to a full series from 2007, it has had various previous permanent and temporary hosts; the partnership of Jones and Baker began in 2011, with Chris Evans serving as the first Fridays only host from 2010 until 2015. Prior to the introduction of Evans, the longest presenting partnership was Adrian Chiles and Christine Bleakley from 2007 to 2010. Their easy and approachable on-screen chemistry is credited with boosting ratings after an unpromising start, establishing the show as a popular staple of British viewing. The programme is usually 30 minutes long, although it is occasionally extended to an", "title": "The One Show" }, { "id": "19754962", "score": "1.591083", "text": "Later, several journalists alternated, notably Fabrizio Maffei, Giampiero Galeazzi and Paola Ferrari. 90º minuto 90º minuto (translated: \"ninetieth minute\") is an Italian long-running Sunday RAI television program broadcast since 1970. During its history, the title was also spelled as \"Novantesimo minuto\". The sport program was created by Maurizio Barendson, Paolo Valenti and Remo Pascucci. The program, which provides results and reports of Serie A and Serie B football matches, achieved its major fame between 1970s and early 1990s, mainly thanks to the popularity of its colorful group of stadium correspondents. The co-creator Paolo Valenti was the longest-running presenter of the", "title": "90º minuto" }, { "id": "16366067", "score": "1.5907078", "text": "for \"ESPN’s Major League Baseball Magazine\" – one of the first independently produced programs for the fledgling network. Over the next four years Scott wrote 176 episodes of the widely acclaimed program which was narrated by Warner Fusselle. He began writing \"This Week in Baseball\" – the longest running sports anthology program in television history – in 1992, for Mel Allen, the legendary announcer and original voice of TWIB. After the Hall of Fame broadcaster died in 1996, Scott wrote for another Hall of Famer, Ozzie Smith, who hosted the show for two seasons. When the Baseball Commissioner’s office took", "title": "Jeff Scott" }, { "id": "3257097", "score": "1.5880544", "text": "\"Jeopardy!\" and \"Wheel of Fortune\", the two longest-running and highest-rated game shows in syndication while CBS Television Distribution distributes the two; two daytime talk shows, \"The Dr. Oz Show\" and \"The Queen Latifah Show\"; the reality shows \"Shark Tank\" and \"The Sing-Off\"; and two long-running soap operas, NBC's \"Days of Our Lives\" and CBS's \"The Young and the Restless\". SPT's history goes back to 1947, when Pioneer Telefilms was founded by Ralph Cohn, whose father Jack and uncle Harry co-founded Columbia Pictures. Pioneer was bought by Columbia and renamed in November 1948, reincorporated as Columbia Pictures Television on May 6,", "title": "Sony Pictures Television" }, { "id": "1829566", "score": "1.5859921", "text": "1981 began hosting \"This Week with David Brinkley\". \"This Week\" revolutionized the Sunday morning news program format, featuring not only several correspondents interviewing guest newsmakers but concluding with a roundtable discussion. The format proved highly successful and was soon imitated by ABC's NBC and CBS rivals as well as engendering new programs originating both nationally and from local stations. For a brief period after Washington-based World News Tonight anchor Frank Reynolds was diagnosed with the hepatitis in his liver that ultimately claimed his life on July 20, 1983; Brinkley returned to the network anchor desk as Reynolds' substitute from Washington.", "title": "David Brinkley" } ]

[ "pent house", "Penthouse (disambiguation)", "Penthouse", "penthouse disambiguation", "penthouse", "Pent house" ]

[ { "id": "2465748", "score": "2.0080373", "text": "year. In 1976, Guccione used about US $17.5 million of his personal fortune to finance the controversial historical epic pornographic film, \"Caligula\", with Malcolm McDowell in the title role and a supporting cast including Helen Mirren, John Gielgud and Peter O'Toole. The film, released in late 1979, was produced in Italy (made at the Dear Studios in Rome) and was directed by Tinto Brass. Guccione also created the magazines \"Omni\", \"Viva\", and \"Longevity\". Later Guccione started \"Penthouse Forum\" which was more textual in content. In the early 2000s, \"Penthouse\" published a short-lived comic book spin-off entitled \"Penthouse Comix\" featuring sexually", "title": "Bob Guccione" }, { "id": "1323788", "score": "1.9771626", "text": "either classic sets from the 1990s issues or stills of adult video shoots staged by the company's Digital Media division. In 1976, Guccione used about US $17.5 million of his personal fortune to finance the controversial historical epic pornographic film \"Caligula\", with Malcolm McDowell in the title role and a supporting cast including Helen Mirren, John Gielgud, Teresa Ann Savoy, and Peter O'Toole. The film, which was eventually released in late 1979, was produced in Italy (made at the Dear Studios in Rome) and was directed by Tinto Brass. In 2001, Penthouse Presents began running on Hot Choice. Guccione also", "title": "Penthouse (magazine)" }, { "id": "2465738", "score": "1.956667", "text": "Bob Guccione Robert Charles Joseph Edward Sabatini Guccione ( ; December 17, 1930 – October 20, 2010) was an American photographer and the founder of the adult magazine \"Penthouse\" in 1965. This was aimed at competing with Hugh Hefner's \"Playboy\", but with more extreme erotic content, a special style of soft-focus photography, and in-depth reporting of government corruption scandals. By 1982 Guccione was listed in the \"Forbes 400\" wealth list, and owned one of the biggest mansions in Manhattan. However, he made some extravagant investments that failed, and the growth of free online pornography in the 1990s greatly diminished his", "title": "Bob Guccione" }, { "id": "2465763", "score": "1.9524446", "text": "bad as the disease. It's affected my ability to swallow ... the mobility of my tongue ... it makes it very difficult for me to talk.\" Guccione was later diagnosed with terminal lung cancer and died on October 20, 2010, two months before his 80th birthday, at Plano Specialty Hospital in Plano, Texas, with his wife April at his side. Bob Guccione Robert Charles Joseph Edward Sabatini Guccione ( ; December 17, 1930 – October 20, 2010) was an American photographer and the founder of the adult magazine \"Penthouse\" in 1965. This was aimed at competing with Hugh Hefner's \"Playboy\",", "title": "Bob Guccione" }, { "id": "1821488", "score": "1.8327255", "text": "Caligula (film) Caligula () is a 1979 Italian-American erotic historical drama film focusing on the rise and fall of the Roman Emperor Caligula. It stars Malcolm McDowell, Teresa Ann Savoy, Helen Mirren, Peter O'Toole, John Steiner and John Gielgud. It is the only feature film produced by the men's magazine \"Penthouse\". Producer Bob Guccione, the magazine's founder, intended to produce an explicit pornographic film with a feature film narrative and high production values. He also cast Penthouse Pets as extras in unsimulated sex scenes filmed during post-production by himself and Giancarlo Lui. Guccione hired screenwriter Gore Vidal to draft the", "title": "Caligula (film)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bob Guccione\n\nRobert Charles Joseph Edward Sabatini Guccione ( ; December 17, 1930 – October 20, 2010) was an American photographer and publisher. He founded the adult magazine \"Penthouse\" in 1965. This was aimed at competing with Hugh Hefner's \"Playboy\", but with more explicit erotic content, a special style of soft-focus photography, and in-depth reporting of government corruption scandals and the art world. By 1982 Guccione was listed in the \"Forbes 400\" wealth list, and owned one of the biggest mansions in Manhattan. However, he made some extravagant investments that failed, and the growth of free online pornography in the 1990s greatly diminished his market. In 2003, Guccione's publishers filed for bankruptcy and he resigned as chairman.", "title": "Bob Guccione" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Penthouse (magazine)\n\nPenthouse is a men's magazine founded by Bob Guccione. It combines urban lifestyle articles and softcore pornographic pictures of women that, in the 1990s, evolved into hardcore pornographic pictures of women.\n\nAlthough Guccione was American, the magazine was founded in 1965 in the United Kingdom. Beginning in September 1969, it was sold in the United States as well. \"Penthouse\" has been owned by Penthouse Global Media Inc. since 2016. The assets of Penthouse Global Media were bought out by WGCZ Ltd. (the owners of XVideos) in June 2018 after winning a bankruptcy auction bid.\n\nThe magazine's centerfold models are known as \"Penthouse\" Pets, and customarily wear a distinctive necklace in the form of a stylized key which incorporates both the Mars and Venus symbols in its design.", "title": "Penthouse (magazine)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of films considered the worst\n\nThe films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made. Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, pop culture writer Nathan Rabin's \"My World of Flops\", the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, the cult TV series \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\" (alongside spinoffs \"Cinematic Titanic\" and \"RiffTrax\") and the Golden Raspberry Awards (aka the \"Razzies\"). Films on these lists are generally feature-length films that are commercial/artistic in nature (intended to turn a profit, express personal statements or both), professionally or independently produced (as opposed to amateur productions), and released in theaters, then on television, or more recently through video on demand or streaming services.", "title": "List of films considered the worst" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Birdy (film)\n\nBirdy is a 1984 American drama film based on William Wharton's 1978 novel of the same name. Directed by Alan Parker, it stars Matthew Modine and Nicolas Cage. Set in 1960s Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the film focuses on the friendship between two teenage boys, Birdy (Modine) and Al Columbato (Cage). The story is presented in flashbacks, with a frame narrative depicting their traumatic experiences upon serving in the Vietnam War.\n\nParker initially turned down an opportunity to direct, believing that the complex book could not be successfully adapted for a feature film. The project resurfaced in 1982 when A&M Films, a subsidiary of A&M Records, acquired the film rights and commissioned Sandy Kroopf and Jack Behr to write the screenplay. Upon reading the script, Parker returned as director, and the film continued development at Tri-Star Pictures. Principal photography began in May 1984 and concluded in August of that year. Filming took place on locations in Philadelphia and Santa Clara, California. The film is notable for being the first to be partially shot with the Skycam, a computer-controlled camera system created by Steadicam inventor Garrett Brown. The score was composed by Peter Gabriel.\n\n\"Birdy\" opened in limited release on December 12, 1984. It underperformed at the North American box office, grossing only $1.4 million against a budget of $12 million. The film received mostly positive reviews, and has an approval rating of 83% at Rotten Tomatoes. \"Birdy\" was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the of 1984, and won the Grand Prix Spécial du Jury prize at the 1985 Cannes Film Festival.", "title": "Birdy (film)" }, { "id": "1821514", "score": "1.8093917", "text": "film explores his relationship to \"Caligula\", the process of reconstructing Brass's vision and Penthouse CEO Kelly Holland's backing of the project. In 1979, when Guccione tried to import the film's footage into the U.S., customs officials seized it. Federal officials did not declare the film to be obscene. When the film was released in New York City, the anti-pornography organization Morality in Media unsuccessfully filed a lawsuit against these federal officials. In Boston, Massachusetts, authorities seized the film. \"Penthouse\" took legal action, partly because Guccione thought the legal challenges and moral controversies would provide \"the kind of [marketing] coverage money", "title": "Caligula (film)" }, { "id": "1821498", "score": "1.7820419", "text": "made by other studios, including \"Chinatown\", \"The Longest Yard\" and \"The Day of the Locust\", but it had never produced a film on its own. The magazine's founder Bob Guccione wanted to produce an explicit adult film within a feature film narrative that had high production values; he decided to produce a film about the rise and fall of the Roman emperor Caligula. Development began under producer Franco Rossellini, the nephew of filmmaker Roberto Rossellini. A screenplay was written by Lina Wertmüller, but Guccione rejected Wertmüller's script and paid Gore Vidal to write a new screenplay. Vidal's screenplay had a", "title": "Caligula (film)" }, { "id": "4731105", "score": "1.7815571", "text": "Bob Guccione Jr. Robert Charles Guccione Jr. (born September 19, 1955) is the eldest son of \"Penthouse\" founder Bob Guccione. He founded the music magazine \"Spin\". In 1978, after two attempts at going into the publishing business on his own, the young, London-raised Guccione went to work for \"Penthouse\" publisher General Media International, a company owned by his father, \"Penthouse\" founder Bob Guccione. By the early 1980s, at which time he was running the marketing and circulation department, he left the company (and purported position as heir apparent) to once again attempt to establish his own brand. In 1985, with", "title": "Bob Guccione Jr." }, { "id": "2465753", "score": "1.7749999", "text": "case included Marc Bell, Jason Galanis, Dr. Fernando Molina, and Daniel C. Stanton. Guccione gave Anna Wintour her first job as a fashion editor at his magazine \"Viva\". He was an investor in the films \"Chinatown\" and \"The Day of the Locust\". Guccione's British raised son, Bob Guccione Jr. (born 1955), was given editorship of \"Spin\", but father and son soon fell out over editorial decisions, and Bob Jr. eventually found independent investors to continue financing the magazine. Father and son remained estranged for a long time, but reportedly reconciled before Bob Sr.'s death in 2010. Nicky, Guccione's youngest child,", "title": "Bob Guccione" }, { "id": "1821513", "score": "1.7615943", "text": "Guccione. This edition also includes audio commentaries featuring Malcolm McDowell and Helen Mirren, and interviews with the cast and crew. In February 2018, Penthouse announced a that new cut of the film was being edited by Alexander Tuschinski. Tuschinski will use 85 minutes of Brass's original workprint and edit the remainder of the film himself. Brass' family supports Tuschinski's effort, but it remains unconfirmed if Brass will be directly involved with the edit. However, the edit is an attempt to realize Brass's original vision for the film. In July 2018, Alexander Tuschinski released his documentary \"Mission: Caligula\" on Vimeo. The", "title": "Caligula (film)" }, { "id": "1323784", "score": "1.7363257", "text": "\"leadership, his fair treatment and his continuing friendship with our members.\" In 2013, director Barry Avrich made a film about Guccione's life entitled \"\". It was produced by Jeremy Frommer and Rick Schwartz, who have since created a premier website inspired by Bob Guccione as an extension of the film called Filthy Gorgeous Media. The film had its world premiere at The Toronto Film Festival on September 9, 2013. The September 1984 issue of \"Penthouse\" magazine would eventually become controversial because of its centerfold, Traci Lords. Lords posed nude for this issue at the beginning of her career as an", "title": "Penthouse (magazine)" }, { "id": "1821508", "score": "1.6953747", "text": "editors, changing its tone and structure significantly by removing and re-arranging many scenes, using different takes, a slower editing style and music other than Brass intended. A few weeks after filming had concluded, Guccione and Giancarlo Lui returned to Rome with several Penthouse Pets. Guccione and Lui \"hired a skeleton crew, snuck back into the studios at night, raided the prop room\" and shot hardcore sex scenes to edit into the film. Brass ultimately disowned the film. Even though there were a number of editors on the film, their names were not credited. Instead, the credit \"Editing by the Production\"", "title": "Caligula (film)" }, { "id": "2465750", "score": "1.6839442", "text": "of criminality in modern society.\" Guccione was also praised by certain professional groups and associations for his dealings with them. In April 1978 he was named \"Publisher of the Year\" by the Atlantic Coast Independent Distributors Association in gratitude for his \"leadership, his fair treatment and his continuing friendship with our members.\" In 2013, director Barry Avrich made a film about Guccione's life entitled \"\". The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2013. It was later broadcast in Canada on The Movie Network and Movie Central and in the United States on Epix in November", "title": "Bob Guccione" }, { "id": "2465744", "score": "1.679661", "text": ". However, in contrast to Hugh Hefner, who threw wild parties at his Playboy Mansions, life at Guccione's mansion was remarkably sedate, even during the height of the sexual revolution in the 1970s. He reportedly once had his bodyguards eject a local radio personality who had been hired as a DJ and jumped into the swimming pool naked. The magazine's pictorials offered more sexually explicit content than was commonly seen in most openly sold men's magazines of the era; it was the first to show female pubic hair, followed by full-frontal nudity and then the exposed vulva and anus. Up", "title": "Bob Guccione" }, { "id": "4731109", "score": "1.6758597", "text": "series \"7th Heaven\". A controversy arose when \"7th Heaven\" castmate, actor Stephen Collins, who played her father on the series, described the pictures as \"child pornography\". Collins later admitted to three counts of child abuse. Others, including A.J. Jacobs writing in \"Esquire\", praised it as a brave move by Biel. The publication, which reached a peak circulation of 500,000 copies sold in 2001, discontinued publication in 2003. Guccione has dated several well-known and powerful women, which include journalist & \"Spin\" contributor Celia Farber, political commentator Ann Coulter, heiress Julianna Storne, \"Sex and the City\" author Candace Bushnell, and film producer", "title": "Bob Guccione Jr." }, { "id": "2465752", "score": "1.64418", "text": "Media, \"Penthouse\" publisher, filed for bankruptcy protection. Guccione resigned as chairman of the board and CEO of Penthouse International, Inc. The owner of General Media, FriendFinder Networks Inc. itself filed for bankruptcy protection on September 17, 2013. They emerged from bankruptcy protection in December 2013, which eliminated $300 million in debt. As part of the reorganization, the Company's shares were deregistered and will no longer trade on the open market. \"Penthouse Magazine\" continues to be published. In 2006 Guccione sued Penthouse Media Group for fraud, breach of contract, and conspiracy, among other charges. Some of the people named in the", "title": "Bob Guccione" }, { "id": "2465743", "score": "1.641916", "text": "was founded on humble beginnings. Due to his lack of resources, Guccione personally photographed most of the models for the magazine's early issues. Without professional training, Guccione applied his knowledge of painting to his photography, establishing the diffused, soft focus look that would become one of the trademarks of the magazine's pictorials. Guccione would sometimes take several days to complete a shoot. As the magazine grew more successful, Guccione openly embraced a life of luxury; his former mansion at 14-16 East 67th Street on Manhattan's Upper East Side was said to be the largest private residence in the borough at", "title": "Bob Guccione" }, { "id": "3025617", "score": "1.6402538", "text": "Coverage of American cartoonists, Japanese manga, monster trucks, the AIDS crisis, outsider artists, \"Twin Peaks\", and other non-mainstream cultural phenomena distinguished the magazine's dynamic early years. In late 1987, publisher Bob Guccione Jr.'s father, Bob Guccione Sr., abruptly shut the magazine down despite the fact that the two-year-old magazine was widely considered a success, with a newsstand circulation of 150,000. Guccione Jr. was able to rally much of his staff, partner with former MTV president and David H. Horowitz, locate additional new investors and offices and after missing a month's publication, returned with a combined November–December issue. During this time,", "title": "Spin (magazine)" }, { "id": "1323783", "score": "1.6386998", "text": "auction for US$11.2 million, other companies such as MindGeek also participated in the auction. The magazine's editorial content was praised and recognized by those in the academic field. In 1975, for example, Guccione was honored by Brandeis University for focusing \"his editorial attention on such critical issues of our day as the welfare of the Vietnam veteran and problems of criminality in modern society.\" Guccione was also praised by certain professional groups and associations for his dealings with them. In April 1978, he was named \"Publisher of the Year\" by the Atlantic Coast Independent Distributors Association in gratitude for his", "title": "Penthouse (magazine)" }, { "id": "2465739", "score": "1.6382918", "text": "market. In 2003, Guccione's publishers filed for bankruptcy and he resigned as chairman. In 2013, documentary filmmaker Barry Avrich produced and directed a biography on Guccione entitled \"\". The film had its world premiere at the Toronto Film Festival prior to airing on Epix and HBO. The film was independently produced by Melbar Entertainment Group. Guccione was born in Brooklyn, New York of Italian descent, from Sicily and raised Catholic in Bergenfield, New Jersey. His father, Anthony, was an accountant and his mother, Nina, was a housewife. He considered but rejected entering the priesthood. He attended high school at Blair", "title": "Bob Guccione" } ]

[ "Fish knife", "Long knife", "knive", "cable sheath splitting knife", "Ansall", "Knives", "Knifes", "Sheath knives", "Knive", "knives", "Knife", "long knife", "ansall", "knifes", "sheath knives", "Cable sheath splitting knife", "knife", "fish knife" ]

[ { "id": "1524519", "score": "1.4774809", "text": "be hollow forged, or a fuller is created. Kukris are made with several different types of fuller including: \"tin chira\" (triple fuller), \"dui chira\" (double fuller), \"angkhola\" (single fuller), or basic non-tapered spines with a large beveled edge. Kukri blades usually have a notch (\"karda\", \"kauda\", \"kaudi\", \"kaura\", or \"cho\") at the base of the blade. Various reasons are given for this, both practical and ceremonial: that it makes blood and sap drop off the blade rather than running onto the handle and thereby prevent the handle from becoming slippery; that it delineates the end of the blade whilst sharpening;", "title": "Kukri" }, { "id": "1524529", "score": "1.4422262", "text": "the classification of Eastern and Western, both styles of kukri appear to be used in all areas of Nepal. There is Khukuri named after Gorkhali General Amar Singh Thapa called Amar Singh Thapa Khukuri. This Khukuri is modeled on the real Khukuri used by the Gorkhali General. The real Khukuri used by Amar Singh Thapa is archived at National Museum of Nepal and is more curvy in nature than other traditionals. There is a popular proverb in Nepali as follows: Kukri The kukri or khukuri ( \"khukuri\") is a knife, originating from the Indian subcontinent, associated with the Nepali speaking", "title": "Kukri" }, { "id": "7219719", "score": "1.4212677", "text": "will eventually kill them. When a cobra is killed by \"am'haj\", the garnet coloring leaves their eyes, leaving a more natural tone. It is assumed that this would hold true for other serpiente, whose jewel-toned eyes are just as unnatural. Falcon hierarchy divides them up into several classes with strict bordering lines between them. The classes are usually defined by a person's ability to control their magic or by their origin. There are four types of falcons, each of them is led by the member of the royal family they are descendants of: Gyrfalcon (Cjarsa), Peregrine (Araceli), Aplomado (Syfka), and", "title": "The Kiesha'ra Series" }, { "id": "1524528", "score": "1.4165778", "text": "and villages of Eastern Nepal. The Eastern Khukuris are Angkhola Khukuri, Bhojpure Khukuri, Chainpure Khukuri, Cheetlange (Chitlange) Khukuri, Chirwa (Chiruwa) Khukuri, Dhankute Khukuri, Ganjawla Khukuri, Panawala Khukuri, Sirupate Khukuri translates as \"Siru\" grass leaf like. Sirupate is also known as one of Chainpure Khukuri. Khukuris made in locations like Chainpur, Bhojpur, and Dhankuta in Eastern Nepal are excellent and ornate knives. Western blades are generally more broad. Occasionally the Western style is called \"Budhuna\", (referring to a fish with a large head), or \"baspate\" (bamboo leaf) which refers to blades just outside the proportions of the normal \"Sirupate\" blade. Despite", "title": "Kukri" }, { "id": "1524522", "score": "1.4013466", "text": "blade, and another accessory blade called a \"karda\". Some older style scabbards include a pouch for carrying flint or dry tinder. The Biswakarma Kami (caste) are the traditional inheritors of the art of kukri-making. Modern kukri blades are often forged from spring steel, sometimes collected from recycled truck suspension units. The tang of the blade usually extends all the way through to the end of the handle; the small portion of the tang that projects through the end of the handle is hammered flat to secure the blade. Kukri blades have a hard, tempered edge and a softer spine. This", "title": "Kukri" }, { "id": "1524512", "score": "1.3901286", "text": "Kukri The kukri or khukuri ( \"khukuri\") is a knife, originating from the Indian subcontinent, associated with the Nepali speaking Gurkhas of Nepal and India. The knife has an inwardly curved blade, similar to a machete, used as both a tool and as a weapon in the Indian subcontinent. Traditionally, it was, and in many cases still is, the basic utility knife of the Gurkha. It is a characteristic weapon of the Nepalese Army, the Royal Gurkha Rifles of the British Army, the Assam Rifles, the Assam Regiment, the Garhwal Rifles, the Gorkha regiments of the Indian Army, and of", "title": "Kukri" }, { "id": "7219699", "score": "1.3851357", "text": "man than to let a guilty one go. As worshippers of Anhamirak, the serpiente value free choice above virtually everything else. Ordinary serpiente who follow the Cobriana line consist of emerald boas (descendants of the Dasi Danuta), pythons (Brassal), vipers (Isadora), black rats (Landon), red rats (Nalini), taipans (Donte), and mambas (Nikhil). Though the white vipers are also serpiente, they are descendants of Maeve, the high priestess who originally stood above Kiesha, and they refuse to acknowledge a cobra as their ruler. The royal line of the serpiente are the Cobriana, cobra shapeshifters and the descendants of Kiesha. Falcons refer", "title": "The Kiesha'ra Series" }, { "id": "1524521", "score": "1.3798316", "text": "has a flared butt that allows better retention in draw cuts and chopping. Most handles have metal bolsters and butt plates which are generally made of brass or steel. The traditional handle attachment in Nepal is the partial tang, although the more modern versions have the stick tang which has become popular. The full tang is mainly used on some military models, but has not caught-on in Nepal itself. The kukri typically comes in either a decorated wooden scabbard or one which is wrapped in leather. Traditionally, the scabbard also holds two smaller blades: an unsharpened \"chakmak\" to burnish the", "title": "Kukri" }, { "id": "18203746", "score": "1.3688651", "text": "no longer overlap each other. In 2014, the type species Kulindadromeus zabaikalicus was named and described by Pascal Godefroit, Sofia Sinitsa, Danielle Dhouailly, Yuri Bolotsky, Alexander Sizov, Maria McNamara, Michael Benton, and Paul Spagna. The generic name is derived from the Kulinda sites and Classical Greek δρομεύς, \"dromeus\", \"runner\". The specific name refers to the Zabaykalsky Krai. The holotype, INREC K3/109, was found in a layer of the Ukureyskaya Formation dating from the Middle to Late Jurassic, Bajocian-Tithonian. It consists of a partial skull with lower jaws. The volcanic ash layers of the formation form a \"Konservat-Lagerstätte\" with an exceptional", "title": "Kulindadromeus" }, { "id": "7324552", "score": "1.3671336", "text": "standards and cars and garlands, all made of the same metal, are shedding a bright light on the earth like so many blazing fires. (11,25) (7-21,83,107), (8-3, Yudhamanyu and Uttamaujas, became protectors of Arjuna’s car-wheels, along with the Kekaya brothers, and Dhrishtaketu, and Chekitana of great valour. (6,19). The Kekaya brothers at the head of their troops, encountered in battle the five Gandhara princes with their troops. (6,45). Kripa rushed against Vrihadkshatra, the ruler of the Kaikeyas. (6,45). Excellent steeds of the Sindhu breed, of beautiful limbs, and of the hue of the smoke of straw, quickly bore the Kaikeya", "title": "Kekeya Kingdom" }, { "id": "1524515", "score": "1.3657798", "text": "stake driven through his heart at the conclusion of a climactic battle between Dracula's bodyguards and the heroes, Mina's narrative describes his throat being sliced through by Jonathan Harker's kukri and his heart pierced by Quincey Morris's Bowie knife. All Gurkha troops are issued with two kukri, a Service No.1 (ceremonial) and a Service No.2 (exercise); in modern times members of the Brigade of Gurkhas receive training in its use. The weapon gained fame in the Gurkha War and its continued use through both World War I and World War II enhanced its reputation among both Allied troops and enemy", "title": "Kukri" }, { "id": "8689145", "score": "1.3642797", "text": "and tusk-like, much like a wolf's. There are three main regional types recognized, belonging to one of two body types of dogs – the lion type and the tiger type. Those are determined depending on the build and the motor characteristics. The Kuchi dogs can roughly be divided into three types: the Mountain-type, the Steppe-type, and the Desert-type. Another way to classify the Kuchi dog could be according to a lion-type (\"Djence Sheri\"), or a tiger-type (\"Djence Palangi\"). This division applies mostly to the desert-type dogs, but it is important to keep in mind that each of the regional variants", "title": "Kuchi dog" }, { "id": "16759221", "score": "1.361199", "text": "areas the kukudhi appears as a stocky and short-legged man with a goat's tail. He is invulnerable and may only be strangled with a noose made of vine. Because he brings mayhem, an evil man is also called a kukudhi. Kukuth (kukudhi) und Karkanxholji (Karkançoli, related to Greek καλλικάντσαρος) are also Gypsy undead corpses, who go around in January, laden with chains and effusing a deadly breath. Known also among the Calabrian Albanians. According to another version, the Karkançual is vested with iron clothes, which is why chainmail armor is known as \"këmish karkançoli\" in Albanian. In Southern Albania and", "title": "Kukudh" }, { "id": "8485884", "score": "1.3539863", "text": "of Arabian horse, each with unique characteristics, and traced through the maternal line only. The five primary strains, attributed to have descended from the \"Al Khamsa\" were known as the Keheilan, Seglawi, Abeyan or Obeyan, Hamdani, and Hadban or Hedban. Carl Raswan, a promoter and writer about Arabian horses from the middle of the 20th century, held the belief that there were only three strains, Kehilan, Seglawi and Muniqi or Maanagi. Raswan felt that these strains represented body \"types\" of the breed, with the Kehilan being \"masculine\", the Seglawi being \"feminine\" and the Muniqi being \"speedy\". There were also lesser", "title": "Al Khamsa" }, { "id": "13998105", "score": "1.3490616", "text": "or more very fast-growing stems that needs to be supported by a trellis or stake. The stems are covered with many leafless side-branches that may fall off. The small greenish-white flowers appear in spring. The genus is named after the nineteenth-century British plant collector at Kew, James Bowie. The plants prefer gritty well-drained soil in partial sun to shade. Water regularly during the growing season, and rarely if at all during dormancy. Propagate from seed, divisions, or from individual scales which once removed, will eventually form numerous bulbils. One species is recognized, with two subspecies Bowiea Bowiea is a bulbous", "title": "Bowiea" }, { "id": "7219689", "score": "1.3461734", "text": "the Dasi second forms. Kiesha and her followers were given forms of snakes while falcon forms were given to Cjarsa and the other worshippers of Ahnmik. Eventually Anhamirak's followers drove the falcons out thus the balance was destroyed. Soon after, a rift between Maeve and the other serpents developed, and she was driven out for practicing black magic. The reasons for this are discussed more closely in \"Wolfcry\". Kiesha rose to power of the new serpiente people and Maeve was taken in by the Nesera'rsh. Kiesha's son, Diente, became the first of the royal Cobriana line and the serpent title", "title": "The Kiesha'ra Series" }, { "id": "5577831", "score": "1.3393252", "text": "month even without the male. Flowerhorn cichlids are subject to several diseases, including hole-in-head disease, \"ich\", and digestive blockages. The original flowerhorn hybrid stock are referred to as luohans (from the Chinese word for the Buddhist concept of ). The four main derived varieties are Zhen Zhu, Golden Monkey, Kamfa, and the golden base group, which includes Faders and the Golden Trimac. They are sometimes referred to as breeds, though that term technically only refers to varieties of fully domesticated species. Blood parrot cichlids were the earliest defined type of cichlid hybrid, whereas the King Kong Parrot represents an early", "title": "Flowerhorn cichlid" }, { "id": "2549026", "score": "1.332633", "text": "people. Bartering their souls for power, Akuma enter Faustian deals with the Yama Kings and pursue only power. Kuei-jin are the most visible shen (supernatural creatures) of the Middle Kingdom (modern Asia), but are not alone. Unlike , they have close ties with the spirit world. They must also compete with the hengeyokai (Shapeshifters of the East, as it were), , and gaki. There are several offshoots of the Kuei-Jin who share a measure of their condition but are different in certain particulars. § Dhampyrs are the half-dead mortal children sired (or, more unusually, borne) by Kuei-Jin in the throes", "title": "Kindred of the East" }, { "id": "7219710", "score": "1.3324869", "text": "where magic is as common as breathing, they are considered freaks, especially since they would have no wings. Children between falcons and other species are forbidden as the resulting child will have unbalanced magic. Falcon-serpent cross-breeds in particular are said to be unbalanced because the volatile nature of serpent magic 'burns' the calm falcon half. It is likely that the same is true of avian-falcon hybrids, since Avians hold the other half of the magic the Serpiente originally commanded. Mixed-bloods are commonly called mongrels, or \"quemak\" in ha'Dasi. Falcons begin studying combat as soon as they are able to walk.", "title": "The Kiesha'ra Series" }, { "id": "7219705", "score": "1.3323982", "text": "serpiente and avian is much more successful, resulting in a child with five forms (two full forms for avian and serpent forms, a Demi form that blends bird, snake, and human, a human form, and a blend of bird and snake referred to as a wyvern). The serpiente have been at war with the avians for thousands of years and the two sides have been slaughtering each other frequently and very efficiently. Nobody, save the original falcons of the Dasi, remembers how or why the fighting began The falcons are introduced in the second book of the series, \"Snakecharm\" and", "title": "The Kiesha'ra Series" } ]

[ "Motel Six", "motel six", "motel6", "Motel 6", "motel 6", "Motel6", "studio 6", "Studio 6" ]

[ { "id": "9832694", "score": "1.4164433", "text": "and lighting service franchises in states east of Colorado and throughout Canada. In 2015 Young Electric Sign Company sold YESCO Electronics, a subsidiary company, to Samsung Electronics of America, Inc. NBC ushered in the millennium with a new YESCO “message globe” in its NBC Experience store, located at Rockefeller Center in New York City. The electronic sign quickly became recognized as one of the most distinctive electronic displays in the world. From the outside of the building, it looks like a brilliant illuminated globe. The 35’-diameter hemisphere is covered with thousands of full-color LEDs. Colorful video and special effects, along", "title": "Young Electric Sign Company" }, { "id": "4316265", "score": "1.4081861", "text": "(ATL) and Below The Line (BTL) advertising. One subtle proposition introduced from America was designed to persuade women that the toil of housework was responsible for an accelerated aging process, and that Sunlight Soap offered a form of liberation. This, and other similarly cautionary messages, were posted on hoardings and on the sides of buses together with pictures that underscored the slogans. Promotional literature, in the form of instructions about the best ways of using the company's products, was widely distributed, as well as allegorical accounts of their successful adoption by stylish – and totally fictional – upper-class ladies. One", "title": "William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme" }, { "id": "16949225", "score": "1.4006181", "text": "slogan “We Bring Good Things to Life.” The slogan is a reflection of the company that has moved far beyond its origins as an electric generating company and maker of electrical appliances. By the 1990s, GE had become a highly diversified worldwide conglomerate that continued to sell lighting products and appliances; but also dealt in aircraft engines, capital services, industrial systems, information services, medical systems, plastics, power systems, and transportation systems. GE’s 1986 acquisition of RCA, which included the NBC network, signaled a gradual shift in company emphasis to service and technology industries. GE was the only company that had", "title": "We Bring Good Things to Life" }, { "id": "5404375", "score": "1.3924661", "text": "Things Considered\". A creative director at the Richards Group ad agency heard him on NPR and hired him to record a commercial for Motel 6. Bodett ad-libbed the famous line \"We'll leave the light on for you\" and has been the chain's spokesperson ever since. The director David Fowler hired him because Bodett \"sound[ed] like the kind of person who stays there.\" Fowler said he thought, \"Gosh, if I only had an account for a national budget motel brand with a sense of humor and humility, I could make a heck of an advertising campaign with this guy.\" In 2005,", "title": "Tom Bodett" }, { "id": "16949228", "score": "1.3879522", "text": "again to a focus to the service and high-tech fields. In this increasingly diversified market, the company saw that a more comprehensive advertising strategy was needed. Prior to 1979, GE’s image was primarily that of an appliance company. Each one of the company’s products and services used its own advertising theme, not an overall company slogan. To remedy the situation, the advertising agency BBDO began to develop the “We Bring Good Things to Life” campaign to create a unified brand image. A far more likely source of the campaign idea may come more directly from the words of one of", "title": "We Bring Good Things to Life" }, { "id": "12687907", "score": "1.3807642", "text": "for the presidents and board chairmen of the following eight corporations: Bulova Watch, Honeywell, General Electric, Westinghouse, Motorola, Whirlpool, General Motors and Dow Chemical. “Let's tell them where we're really at! … We represent a lot of toasters - a lot of dollars - a lot of public opinion….” AMP’s newsletter said. The campaign’s purpose was to pressure the manufacturers into ending their participation in the war industry by threatening to boycott their consumer products if they did not. According to a 1972 article analyzing the campaign, it was not effective because too few messages reached the target companies, and", "title": "Another Mother for Peace" }, { "id": "1525766", "score": "1.3760942", "text": "going and going...\"). This was followed by what appeared to be another advertisement: viewers were oblivious to the fact that the following \"advertisement\" was actually a parody of other well-known advertisements until the Energizer bunny suddenly intrudes on the situation, with the announcer saying \"Still going...\" (the Energizer Battery Company's way of emphasizing that their battery lasts longer than other leading batteries). This ad campaign lasted for nearly fifteen years. The Energizer Bunny series has itself been imitated by others, via a Coors Light Beer advertisement, in motion pictures, and by current advertisements by GEICO Insurance. Many television advertisements feature", "title": "Television advertisement" }, { "id": "16949233", "score": "1.3600817", "text": "approachable company than ever before, and the consumer base was becoming younger and more affluent. The company also ranked high in customer satisfaction after the release of this advertising campaign. We Bring Good Things to Life \"We Bring Good Things to Life\" was an advertising slogan used by General Electric between 1979 and 2003. It was designed by the advertising firm BBDO led by project manager Richard Costello, who would later go on to become head of advertising at General Electric. The slogan was designed to highlight the diversity of the products and services the company offered. The slogan, after", "title": "We Bring Good Things to Life" }, { "id": "749717", "score": "1.3325464", "text": "hand holding a lit match and \"Show #\"x\"\" handwritten on a piece of paper that was placed in such a way so that it could blend with the surrounding objects in-frame. Instead of the next-show teaser, Ken Roberts's voice could be heard, saying, \"And now, the last word,\" and the trademark light bulb would be shut off by a hand doing whatever the last word was. In season two, after the opening sequence the words \"The Electric Company\" would disappear from the logo, and the show number would appear in its place through the use of a Scanimate animation and", "title": "The Electric Company" }, { "id": "16949224", "score": "1.3183782", "text": "We Bring Good Things to Life \"We Bring Good Things to Life\" was an advertising slogan used by General Electric between 1979 and 2003. It was designed by the advertising firm BBDO led by project manager Richard Costello, who would later go on to become head of advertising at General Electric. The slogan was designed to highlight the diversity of the products and services the company offered. The slogan, after its many appearances in GE advertising, was responsible for increased popularity and a new image for the company. For many, the name General Electric brings to mind the company’s famous", "title": "We Bring Good Things to Life" }, { "id": "1836453", "score": "1.3159618", "text": "featured shortened versions of the slogans on one, two, or three signs — the exact count is not recorded. The puns include a play on the Maxwell House Coffee slogan, standard puns, and yet another reference to the \"H\" joke: The war years found the company recycling a lot of their old signs, with new ones mostly focusing on World War II propaganda: 1963 was the last year for the signs, most of which were repeats, including the final slogan, which had first appeared in 1953: Possibly the ultimate in self-referencing signs, leaving out the product name. This one also", "title": "Burma-Shave" }, { "id": "15498118", "score": "1.3149064", "text": "home together in Belmont, Massachusetts, and aware of the up-and-coming halogen lighting technology, the Leveens placed an ad in The New Yorker magazine and began selling lamps, using their neighbor’s garage as the fulfillment center and their own spare bedroom as the main office. The first tagline was “Serious Lighting for Serious Readers.” Two months after running the ad, Levenger had 47 customers. The tagline later changed to “Tools for Serious Readers.” Levenger Company Levenger is a specialty retail company established in 1987 in the Boston suburb of Belmont, Massachusetts. Products include leather bags and briefbags, folios and other products", "title": "Levenger Company" }, { "id": "163664", "score": "1.3121781", "text": "setting for the short story \"Deer in the Works\". In 1981, GE won a Clio award for its :30 Soft White Light Bulbs commercial, We Bring Good Things to Life. The slogan \"We Bring Good Things to Life\" was created by Phil Dusenberry at the ad agency BBDO. GE was the primary focus of a 1991 short subject Academy Award-winning documentary, \"Deadly Deception: General Electric, Nuclear Weapons, and Our Environment\", that juxtaposed GE's \"We Bring Good Things To Life\" commercials with the true stories of workers and neighbors whose lives have been affected by the company's activities involving nuclear weapons.", "title": "General Electric" }, { "id": "3658795", "score": "1.3113576", "text": "aware that they were being manipulated by mass-media marketing, so this advertising campaign would just be more transparent about it. Its indirect advertising was a form of rebel advertising similar to the McDonald's commercials for the Arch Deluxe. The campaign was designed by Portland, Oregon-based advertising firm Wieden+Kennedy. Spokespeople for the company and their advertisers were very frank about the fact that they were marketing the drink entirely on the \"feeling\" rather than the taste. The general public did not respond to the offbeat campaign, and most critics point out that the campaigning was too overt in its courting of", "title": "OK Soda" }, { "id": "11918315", "score": "1.3096634", "text": "in \"The Sun\" featuring Labour prime minister Gordon Brown and the words \"Will the last person in Britain to switch to energy-saving bulbs please turn out the old lights\" next to an image of Brown's head in a lightbulb. The headline \"will the last person to leave Britain please turn out the lights\" was paraphrased during the News International phone hacking scandal to refer to the closure of the \"News of the World\" in July 2011 - a decision made by newspaper owner Rupert Murdoch in a response to the inevitable loss of advertisers and readers that the phonehacking scandal", "title": "It's The Sun Wot Won It" }, { "id": "16904454", "score": "1.3093503", "text": "name to Severní energetická in August 2013, it initiated a new marketing campaign featuring individuals and small groups of people wearing green T-shirts against a backgrounds of a power plant or an excavator accompanied with the slogan “Don’t pay for sun [or wind]. Choose Czech energy.” Greenpeace parodied this campaign by asking its supporters to “creatively modify” the Severní energetická posters by suggesting new slogans. The results included: “We’ll bulldoze your homes. Choose brown coal”, “Don’t pay for the sun, pay for a lunarscape”, and “Pay with your life. Choose Czech energy”. Prime Minister Petr Nečas resigned and his government", "title": "Brown coal mining limits in North Bohemia" }, { "id": "17484411", "score": "1.3089807", "text": "their own factory. The condensed catalog of 1929 for the first time lists a broader range of \"Mazda\" (incandescent lamps) than arc spots. By 1930, the \"Mazda\" name has vanished, yielding to \"incandescents\". In 1932, the Kliegl brothers installed their new ellipsoidal reflector spotlights in the Center Theatre in Radio City. Based on the new GE T14 medium bipost lamps, these had triple the efficiency of the standard plano convex spots. They were demonstrated to a meeting of the Illuminating Engineering Society on April 19, 1933 and introduced as a standard product in Catalog B of 1933 as \"Klieglights\" and", "title": "Kliegl Brothers Universal Electric Stage Lighting Company" }, { "id": "14771957", "score": "1.3069657", "text": "new one is much better.\" The piece ends with the IKEA logo above the campaign's tagline (\"Unböring\"), and a link to its website, Unböring.com. \"Lamp\" was the first televised commercial produced by Crispin Porter + Bogusky (CP+B) for IKEA. The agency received the contract in early 2002, taking over from the Minneapolis-based advertising agency Carmichael Lynch, who had held the IKEA account since 2000, when the furniture chain ended its 11-year partnership with Deutsch Inc.. According to CP+B partner Alex Bogusky, the idea behind \"Lamp\", and the \"Unböring\" campaign of which it was a part, was to reposition furniture as", "title": "Lamp (advertisement)" }, { "id": "14107713", "score": "1.3067505", "text": "In 1961, a large \"Yellow Pages\" sign was installed across the front of the building. Michigan Bell sold the building in 1995, although the company continued to use it until 1999. For some years until the mid-1980s, the building was notable for its \"Weather-Phone\" sign, under the Yellow Pages logo. This translucent white plastic sign, modeled after the Western Electric model 500 desk telephone, was backlit with lights of different colors, providing a basic weather forecast to motorists on the Lodge Freeway at night. A red telephone meant warmer weather was forecast in the next 24 hours, blue meant cooler,", "title": "Michigan Bell and Western Electric Warehouse" }, { "id": "3085469", "score": "1.3066437", "text": "23,000 light bulbs. The outside facade was covered with puns and slogans such as \"Come in and get lost!\" and \"Only the floors are crooked!\" The store consisted of two buildings connected by a walkway that links up the west building on Markham Street and the east building on Bathurst Street. The interior was modest, with simple displays of low-priced merchandise from vacuum cleaners and winter coats to kitchenware, toys and grocery items. Much of the store's decor consisted of posters and photos from old films and stage productions from Mirvish's theatres in Toronto and London, England, and of actors", "title": "Honest Ed's" } ]

[ "one hundred and forty-four", "", "one hundred and forty four", "144" ]

[ { "id": "10757662", "score": "1.3382375", "text": "based on a retail model, where the company basically purchases the items, maintains inventory (if need be) and finally, sells or delivers the items to customers. It does not tell the net sales as GMV does not include discounts, costs involved and returns of products. Gross merchandise volume Gross Merchandise Volume (alternatively Gross Merchandise Value or GMV) is a term used in online retailing to indicate a total sales dollar value for merchandise sold through a particular marketplace over a certain time frame. Site revenue comes from fees and is different from the dollar value of items sold. GMV for", "title": "Gross merchandise volume" }, { "id": "19749847", "score": "1.3163865", "text": "set, 9--40 when added to a single item and 0--5 when added to a pair of items. But it violates the equivalent conditions of the GS family: Submodularity does imply GS in the special case in which there is a single item-type, so that the value of a bundle depends only on the number of items in the bundle. This is easiest to see using the SNC characrerization, which in this case translates to: Indeed, if formula_83 then we can take formula_84 which makes the two sides identical; if formula_85 we can take formula_86 which makes the inequality: which is", "title": "Gross substitutes (indivisible items)" }, { "id": "10757661", "score": "1.3145005", "text": "Gross merchandise volume Gross Merchandise Volume (alternatively Gross Merchandise Value or GMV) is a term used in online retailing to indicate a total sales dollar value for merchandise sold through a particular marketplace over a certain time frame. Site revenue comes from fees and is different from the dollar value of items sold. GMV for e-commerce retail companies means sale price charged to the customer multiplied by the number of items sold. For example, if a company sells 10 books at $100, the GMV is $1,000. This is also considered as \"gross revenue\". In this case, the business model is", "title": "Gross merchandise volume" }, { "id": "4678421", "score": "1.3139288", "text": "from a sales total. If your margin is 30%, then 30% of your sales total is profit. If your markup is 30%, the percentage of your daily sales that are profit will not be the same percentage. Some retailers use markups because it is easier to calculate a sales price from a cost using markups. If your markup is 40%, then your sales price will be 40% above the item cost. If your margin is 40%, your sales price will not be equal to 40% over cost (in fact, it will be approximately 67% above the item cost). The equation", "title": "Gross margin" }, { "id": "19749839", "score": "1.3098516", "text": "has many equivalent definitions. The original GS definition is based on a \"price vector\" and a \"demand set\". The GS property means that when the price of some items increases, the demand for other items does not decrease. Formally, for any two price vectors formula_7 and formula_1 such that formula_9, and any formula_10, there is a formula_11 such that formula_12 (Y contains all items in X whose price remained constant). The SI condition says that a non-optimal set can be improved by adding, removing or substituting a single item. Formally, for any price vector formula_1 and bundle formula_14, there exists", "title": "Gross substitutes (indivisible items)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Sales taxes in the United States\n\nSales taxes in the United States are taxes placed on the sale or lease of goods and services in the United States. Sales tax is governed at the state level and no national general sales tax exists. 45 states, the District of Columbia, the territories of Puerto Rico, and Guam impose general sales taxes that apply to the sale or lease of most goods and some services, and states also may levy selective sales taxes on the sale or lease of particular goods or services. States may grant local governments the authority to impose additional general or selective sales taxes.\n\nAs of 2017, 5 states (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire and Oregon) do not levy a statewide sales tax. California has the highest base sales tax rate, 7.25%. Including county and city sales taxes, the highest total sales tax is in Arab, Alabama, 13.50%.\n\nSales tax is calculated by multiplying the purchase price by the applicable tax rate. The seller collects it at the time of the sale. Use tax is self-assessed by a buyer who has not paid sales tax on a taxable purchase. Unlike the value added tax, a sales tax is imposed only at the retail level. In cases where items are sold at retail more than once, such as used cars, the sales tax can be charged on the same item indefinitely.\n\nThe definitions of retail sales and taxable items vary among the states. Nearly all jurisdictions provide numerous categories of goods and services that are exempt from sales tax, or taxed at reduced rates. The purchase of goods for further manufacture or for resale is uniformly exempt from sales tax. Most jurisdictions exempt food sold in grocery stores, prescription medications, and many agricultural supplies.\n\nSales taxes, including those imposed by local governments, are generally administered at the state level. States imposing sales tax either impose the tax on retail sellers, such as with Transaction Privilege Tax in Arizona, or impose it on retail buyers and require sellers to collect it. In either case, the seller files returns and remits the tax to the state. In states where the tax is on the seller, it is customary for the seller to demand reimbursement from the buyer. Procedural rules vary widely. Sellers generally must collect tax from in-state purchasers unless the purchaser provides an exemption certificate. Most states allow or require electronic remittance.", "title": "Sales taxes in the United States" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Compulsive buying disorder\n\nCompulsive buying disorder (CBD), or oniomania (from Greek ὤνιος \"ṓnios\" \"for sale\" and μανία \"manía\" \"insanity\"), is characterized by an obsession with shopping and buying behavior that causes adverse consequences. According to Kellett and Bolton, Most people with CBD meet the criteria for a personality disorder. Compulsive shopping is classified by ICD-10 (F63.8) as an \"impulse control disorder, not otherwise classified.\" Several authors consider compulsive shopping rather as a variety of dependence disorder.", "title": "Compulsive buying disorder" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Gross domestic product\n\nGross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is often revised before being considered a reliable indicator. GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore, using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) may be more useful when comparing living standards between nations, while nominal GDP is more useful comparing national economies on the international market. Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of each industry or sector of the economy. The ratio of GDP to the total population of the region is the per capita GDP (also called the Mean Standard of Living). \n\nGDP definitions are maintained by a number of national and international economic organizations. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines GDP as \"an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident and institutional units engaged in production and services (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs)\". An IMF publication states that, \"GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services—that are bought by the final user—produced in a country in a given period of time (say a quarter or a year).\"\n\nGDP is often used as a metric for international comparisons as well as a broad measure of economic progress. It is often considered to be the \"world's most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress\". However, critics of the growth imperative often argue that GDP measures were never intended to measure progress, and leave out key other externalities, such as resource extraction, environmental impact and unpaid domestic work. Critics frequently propose alternative economic models such as doughnut economics which use other measures of success or alternative indicators such as the OECD's Better Life Index as better approaches to measuring the effect of the economy on human development and well being.", "title": "Gross domestic product" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Value-added tax\n\nA value-added tax (VAT), known in some countries as a goods and services tax (GST), is a type of tax that is assessed incrementally. It is levied on the price of a product or service at each stage of production, distribution, or sale to the end consumer. If the ultimate consumer is a business that collects and pays to the government VAT on its products or services, it can reclaim the tax paid. It is similar to, and is often compared with, a sales tax. VAT is an indirect tax because the person who ultimately bears the burden of the tax is not necessarily the same person as the one who pays the tax to the tax authorities.\n\nNot all localities require VAT to be charged, and exports are often exempt. VAT is usually implemented as a destination-based tax, where the tax rate is based on the location of the consumer and applied to the sales price. The terms VAT, GST, and the more general consumption tax are sometimes used interchangeably. VAT raises about a fifth of total tax revenues both worldwide and among the members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). As of 2018, 166 of the 193 countries with full UN membership employ a VAT, including all OECD members except the United States,<ref name=\"OECD 2018 VAT trends\"/> where many states use a sales tax system instead.\n\nThere are two main methods of calculating VAT: the credit-invoice or invoice-based method and the subtraction or accounts-based method. In the credit-invoice method, sales transactions are taxed, the customer is informed of the VAT on the transaction, and businesses may receive a credit for the VAT paid on input materials and services. The credit-invoice method is by far the more common and is used by all national VATs except for Japan. In the subtraction method, a business at the end of a reporting period calculates the value of all taxable sales, subtracts the sum of all taxable purchases, and applies the VAT rate to the difference. The subtraction method VAT is currently used only by Japan although it, often by using the name \"flat tax,\" has been part of many recent tax reform proposals by US politicians.<ref name=\"CRS 2008\"/><ref name=\"Cruz Flat Tax\"/><ref name=\"USCC VAT white paper\"/> With both methods, there are exceptions in the calculation method for certain goods and transactions that are created to help collection or to counter tax fraud and evasion.", "title": "Value-added tax" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Purchasing power parity\n\nPurchasing power parity (PPP)\n\nThe purchasing power parity indicator can be used to compare economies regarding their gross domestic product, labour productivity and actual individual consumption, and in some cases to analyse price convergence and to compare the cost of living between places.\nThe calculation of the PPP, according to the OECD, is made through a \"basket of goods\" that contains a \"final product list [that] covers around 3,000 consumer goods and services, 30 occupations in government, 200 types of equipment goods and about 15 construction projects\".", "title": "Purchasing power parity" }, { "id": "10534877", "score": "1.2981366", "text": "discount from list price might be noted if it applies to the sale. Fees for services are recorded separately from sales of merchandise, but the bookkeeping transactions for recording \"sales\" of services are similar to those for recording sales of tangible goods. formula_1 Gross sales are the sum of all sales during a time period. Net sales are gross sales minus sales returns, sales allowances, and sales discounts. Gross sales do not normally appear on an income statement. The sales figures reported on an income statement are net sales. input vat - output vat sales of portfolio items and capital", "title": "Sales (accounting)" }, { "id": "4678424", "score": "1.284225", "text": "ratio, all other things being equal, the better for the retailer. Converting markup to gross margin Converting gross margin to markup Using gross margin to calculate selling price Given the cost of an item, one can compute the selling price required to achieve a specific gross margin. For example, if your product costs $100 and the required gross margin is 40%, then Selling price = $100 / (1 – 40%) = $100 / 0.6 = $166.67 Some of the tools that are useful in retail analysis are GMROII, GMROS and GMROL. GMROII: Gross Margin Return On Inventory Investment GMROS: Gross", "title": "Gross margin" }, { "id": "18374056", "score": "1.2841507", "text": "dealer has additional incentives available for the purchase of a vehicle, he generally discounts the vehicle below the invoice price. This should be seen as a sign for the buyer that additional room for negotiation may exist. Different methods exist in accounting for recording the purchase of a product bought at the invoice price. One method, the gross method, involves simply recording the full amount of the invoice as a debit to accounts payable and a corresponding credit to cash. If any discounts are given, they are itemized as a separate credit to cash, plus the purchase price. The net", "title": "Invoice price" }, { "id": "10950313", "score": "1.2839913", "text": "Purchase discount Purchase discount is an offer from the supplier to the purchaser, to reduce the payment amount if the payment is made within a certain period of time. For example, a purchaser brought a $100 item, with a purchase discount term 3/10, net 30. If he pays within 10 days, he will only need to pay $97. If he pays half the amount In accounting, gross method and net method are used to record transactions of this kind. Under the gross method, the total cost of purchases are credited to accounts payable first, and discounts realized later if the", "title": "Purchase discount" }, { "id": "4678422", "score": "1.2786909", "text": "for calculating the monetary value of gross margin is: gross margin = sales – cost of goods sold A simple way to keep markup and gross margin factors straight is to remember that: Gross margin (as a percentage of Revenue) Most people find it easier to work with gross margin because it directly tells you how much of the sales revenue, or price, is profit. In reference to the two examples above: The $200 price that includes a 100% markup represents a 50% gross margin. Gross margin is just the percentage of the selling price that is profit. In this", "title": "Gross margin" }, { "id": "1665709", "score": "1.2783782", "text": "hand can count to twelve, and two hands can count to 144. Twelve dozen (12 = 144) are known as a gross; and twelve gross (12 = 1,728, the duodecimal 1,000) are called a great gross, a term most often used when shipping or buying items in bulk. A great hundred, also known as a small gross, is 120 or ten dozen. A baker's dozen, also known as a big or long dozen, is 13. Varying by country, some products are packaged or sold by the dozen, often foodstuff (a dozen eggs). Dozen may also be used to express a", "title": "Dozen" }, { "id": "5191746", "score": "1.2730832", "text": "following example is extracted from IRS Publication 946: You bought office furniture (7-year property) for $10,000 and placed it in service on October 13, 2013. You use the furniture only for business. A taxpayer may group assets together into a general asset account. The grouped assets must have the same life, method of depreciation, convention, additional first year depreciation percentage, and year (or quarter or month) placed in service. Listed property or vehicles cannot be grouped with other assets. Depreciation for the account is computed as if the entire account were a single asset. Gain or loss may be deferred", "title": "MACRS" }, { "id": "9647639", "score": "1.271208", "text": "Gross receipts tax A gross receipts tax or gross excise tax is a tax on the total gross revenues of a company, regardless of their source. A gross receipts tax is similar to a sales tax, but it is levied on the seller of goods or service consumers. This is compared to other taxes listed as separate line items on billings, are not directly included in the listed price of the item, and are not a factor in markup or profit on company sales. A gross receipts tax has a pyramid effect that increases the actual taxable percentage as it", "title": "Gross receipts tax" }, { "id": "8533144", "score": "1.2622839", "text": "additional payment to indemnify the recipient against the taxes, and that payment will also be subject to tax. The sequence of additional payment, tax calculation, additional payment continues until the recipient receives the same amount, net of all the taxes, as would have been received had there been no taxes. The formula for calculating the total amount of a grossed-up payment is (the amount of the payment) divided by (1 minus the tax rate). Thus, a $10,000 payment to a recipient who has a 35% tax rate would be ($10,000) / (1–35%) = (10,000/.65) = $15,384.62. Gross-up clause A gross-up", "title": "Gross-up clause" }, { "id": "8164299", "score": "1.2615392", "text": "a lower price per unit in exchange for purchasing much larger quantities. This allows the consumer to satisfy more of his or her demands at a lower total cost by acquiring more use value per dollar spent. Consumer demand for savings by bulk purchase has led to the success of big-box stores. Although effected by marginal cost, the total cost does not increase. In the \"Saturday Night Live\" sketch \"The Coneheads\", the Coneheads engage in bulk purchasing and then \"consume mass quantities\". Bulk purchasing Bulk purchasing is the purchase of much larger quantities than the usual, for a unit price", "title": "Bulk purchasing" }, { "id": "1920481", "score": "1.2560055", "text": "An example illustrates why. Fred buys auto parts and resells them. In 2008, Fred buys $100 worth of parts. He sells parts for $80 that he bought for $30, and has $70 worth of parts left. In 2009, he sells the remainder of the parts for $180. If he keeps track of inventory, his profit in 2008 is $50, and his profit in 2009 is $110, or $160 in total. If he deducted all the costs in 2008, he would have a loss of $20 in 2008 and a profit of $180 in 2009. The total is the same, but", "title": "Cost of goods sold" }, { "id": "2263514", "score": "1.2504952", "text": "condition, household decorations, small appliances including vacuum cleaners, and consumer electronics including alarm clocks. Even if they are deemed unfit to be sold in a store, these items can be sold as bulk lots, and thus can still generate income. Depending on local laws, the value of the goods donated can be used as a tax deduction. In 2005, Goodwill Industries of the Columbia Willamette (GICW), Goodwill's Portland, Oregon, branch, came under scrutiny due to executive compensation that the Oregon attorney general's office concluded was \"unreasonable\". The President of the Portland branch, Michael Miller, received $838,508 in pay and benefits", "title": "Goodwill Industries" }, { "id": "1780331", "score": "1.2493606", "text": "grocery store is making up a gift basket, they can use the design of the basket item list as a way to promote new products or brands that a customer may not know or as a way to liquidate merchandise that is not selling well. As well, even though many bundles are less expensive than all of the items if purchased separately, in some cases the bundle costs more than if each item was purchased separately; this tactic is particularly effective in high-end retailing where conspicuous consumption and prestige pricing elements come into play. A well-off home theatre enthusiast with", "title": "Product bundling" }, { "id": "4678423", "score": "1.2490907", "text": "case 50% of the price is profit, or $100. In the more complex example of selling price $339, a markup of 66% represents approximately a 40% gross margin. This means that 40% of the $339 is profit. Again, gross margin is just the direct percentage of profit in the sale price. In accounting, the gross margin refers to sales minus cost of goods sold. It is not necessarily profit as other expenses such as sales, administrative, and financial must be deducted. And it means companies are reducing their cost of production or passing their cost to customers. The higher the", "title": "Gross margin" }, { "id": "1920490", "score": "1.2471106", "text": "for 10 each, and later buys machines C and D for 12 each. All the machines are the same, but they have serial numbers. Jane sells machines A and C for 20 each. Her cost of goods sold depends on her inventory method. Under specific identification, the cost of goods sold is 10 + 12, the particular costs of machines A and C. If she uses FIFO, her costs are 20 (10+10). If she uses average cost, her costs are 22 ( (10+10+12+12)/4 x 2). If she uses LIFO, her costs are 24 (12+12). Thus, her profit for accounting and", "title": "Cost of goods sold" } ]

[ "Kwik-e-Mart", "Freak-E-Mart", "Kwikee Mart", "kwikee mart", "The Quickie Mart", "Quick-E-Mart", "quick e mart", "Kwik-E-Mart", "kwikemart", "KwikEMart", "kwik e mart", "quickie mart", "freak e mart", "Kwik e mart", "Kwik-E Mart" ]

[ { "id": "5005985", "score": "1.662357", "text": "distant future. Apu decides to take advantage of this unusual situation for financial gain. The convenience store becomes more profitable as a tourist trap, until the freezer's cooling system fails, causing Jasper to defrost and walk away. Apu then decides to turn the Kwik-E-Mart into the \"Nude-E-Mart\". Lisa appears on the TV news program \"Smartline\" to tell the citizens of Springfield to treasure their brains. As she does this, Homer decides to prove her wrong, and contacts the entire extended Simpson family to visit. However, when they arrive, Homer realizes they are also unsuccessful, unintelligent people, which only depresses Lisa", "title": "Lisa the Simpson" }, { "id": "1733593", "score": "1.6487952", "text": "prices, including the always popular Squishee. The backstory is that the Kwik-E-Mart chain was started somewhere in the Himalayas. In The Simpsons the Kwik-E-Mart is operated by an Indian American character named Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, who mans the store with his brother Sanjay and is a caricature of the stereotypical \"foreign born\" convenience store clerk. Apu proudly gouges customers and sells tainted merchandise, such as rotten meat or expired milk. The Kwik-E-Mart is quite often the target of robbers, leading to Apu having been shot on several occasions. In July 2007, convenience store chain 7-Eleven converted 11 of its stores in", "title": "Kwik-E-Mart" }, { "id": "1733598", "score": "1.6287673", "text": "Squishees. On August 18, 2018, a gift shop modeled after a Kwik-E-Mart openened at Broadway at the Beach in Myrtle Beach, SC. The gift shop is placed at the exit of a 4D Ride based on The Simpsons and is housed in a replica of The Azteca theatre from the series. The store sells Buzz Cola, Lard Lad Donuts, and Squishees along with Simpson Merchandise. Kwik-E-Mart The Kwik-E-Mart (spelled \"Quick-E-Mart\" in \"Bart the General\") is a convenience store in the animated television series \"The Simpsons\". It is a parody of American convenience stores, such as 7-Eleven and Wawa Inc., and", "title": "Kwik-E-Mart" }, { "id": "894668", "score": "1.5661285", "text": "mentions at a bachelor auction that he runs his own business in \"The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons\". In addition to the sale of food, alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, and other items offered at a typical convenience store, gasoline pumps have been shown in front on two occasions. The Springfield Shopper also sells well there and it is where Principal Seymour Skinner purchases his tabloids. In the episode \"Sweet Seymour Skinner's Baadasssss Song\", Apu has just installed 16 new gas pumps to compete with rival convenience store, the Gas 'N Gulp. However, they, along with the Kwik-E-Mart, are destroyed due to Bart accidentally", "title": "Springfield (The Simpsons)" }, { "id": "6600473", "score": "1.5452291", "text": "stores.\" Paul Cantor, who analyzed the episode in his book \"Gilligan Unbound: Pop Culture in the Age of Globalization\", said, \"\"The Simpsons\" could offer no better image of the bizarre logic of contemporary globalization than a worldwide convenience store empire run by an enlightened guru from the sacred mountains of India.\" Cantor also specifically cited the \"Master Knows\" sign, which he said combined the perceived wisdom of the East with the business acumen of the West. Tasleem Shakur and Karen D'Souza write in their book \"Picturing South Asian culture in English\" that \"Homer and Apu\" typifies the key articulation of", "title": "Homer and Apu" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Apu Nahasapeemapetilon\n\nApu Nahasapeemapetilon is a recurring character in the American animated television series \"The Simpsons\". He is an Indian immigrant proprietor who runs the Kwik-E-Mart, a popular convenience store in Springfield, and is known for his catchphrase, \"Thank you, come again\". He was formerly voiced by Hank Azaria and first appeared in the episode \"The Telltale Head\". He was named in honor of the title character of \"The Apu Trilogy\" by Satyajit Ray. \n\nA 2017 documentary, \"The Problem with Apu\", written by and starring comedian Hari Kondabolu, criticized the character as a South Asian stereotype. In January 2020, Azaria reacted to this by announcing that he and the production crew of the series agreed for him to step down as the voice of the character. \"Simpsons\" creator Matt Groening stated in August 2019 that Apu would remain on the show. The final time that Azaria voiced Apu was in the season 29 premiere \"The Serfsons\" in 2017; after that episode and as of 2022, the character has appeared in the background of many episodes but has yet to have any further speaking appearances.", "title": "Apu Nahasapeemapetilon" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Kwik-E-Mart\n\nThe Kwik-E-Mart (spelled \"Quick-E-Mart\" in \"Bart the General\") is a convenience store in the animated television series \"The Simpsons\".\n\nIt is a parody of American convenience stores, such as 7-Eleven and Cumberland Farms, and depicts many of the stereotypes about them. It is notorious for its high prices and the poor quality of its merchandise.\n\nIt is run by an Indian-American named Apu Nahasapeemapetilon. It first appeared in the 1990 episode \"The Telltale Head\" and has since become a common setting in \"The Simpsons\". The Simpsons family are regular customers.\n\nIn July 2007, eleven 7-Eleven locations in the United States and one in Canada were transformed into Kwik-E-Marts as part of a special promotion for \"The Simpsons Movie\". Also in 2007, gift shops modeled after the \"Kwik-E-Marts\" were opened in Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood, where they are a companion to \"The Simpsons Ride\".", "title": "Kwik-E-Mart" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Springfield (The Simpsons)\n\nSpringfield is the primary fictional setting of the American animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\" and related media. It is an average-sized, fictional city within an indeterminate state in the United States. The fictional city's geography, surroundings and layout are flexible, often changing to accommodate the plot of any given episode.\n\nAccording to the creator of the series, Oregon native Matt Groening, Springfield was inspired by a number of real-life locations (including Springfield, Oregon and Springfield, Massachusetts). However, in order to emphasize it as an example of \"Anytown, USA\", the location of the fictional Springfield remains a mystery,<ref name=\":0\" /><ref name=\"delaroca\" /> with various contradictory \"clues\" being found in numerous episodes of the series.<ref name=\"delaroca\" /><ref name=\":1\" />", "title": "Springfield (The Simpsons)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Homer and Apu\n\n\"Homer and Apu\" is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series \"The Simpsons\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 10, 1994. In the episode, Homer participates in a hidden-camera investigation of spoiled food being sold at the Kwik-E-Mart. The chain's corporate office fires Apu and replaces him with actor James Woods, who is doing research for an upcoming film role. Apu misses his job, so he and Homer travel to India to persuade the head of the Kwik-E-Mart corporation to rehire him.\n\nThe episode was written by Greg Daniels and directed by Mark Kirkland. James Woods made a guest appearance as himself. The episode features cultural references to films such as \"The Hard Way\", \"JFK\", and \"Lawrence of Arabia\".\n\nSince airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 13.3, and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired.", "title": "Homer and Apu" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Problem with Apu\n\nThe Problem with Apu is a 2017 documentary film written by and starring comedian Hari Kondabolu and produced and directed by Michael Melamedoff. It focuses on the character Apu Nahasapeemapetilon, an Indian immigrant in the animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\" who, for a period, was the only figure of Indian heritage to appear regularly on mainstream U.S. television. The film explores encounters with negative stereotypes, minstrelsy, racial microaggressions, and slurs against people of Indian and South Asian heritage.", "title": "The Problem with Apu" }, { "id": "742827", "score": "1.5436192", "text": "Apu Nahasapeemapetilon Apu Nahasapeemapetilon () is a recurring character in the animated TV series \"The Simpsons\". He is an Indian immigrant proprietor who runs the Kwik-E-Mart, a popular convenience store in Springfield, and is best known for his catchphrase, \"Thank you, come again.\" He is voiced by Hank Azaria and first appeared in the episode \"The Telltale Head\". In the episode \"Homer and Apu\", Apu says he is from Rahmatpur, West Bengal. Apu is a naturalized US citizen, and holds a Ph.D. in computer science. He graduated first in his class of seven million at 'Caltech' – Calcutta Technical Institute", "title": "Apu Nahasapeemapetilon" }, { "id": "1733597", "score": "1.5426497", "text": "Apu is a caricature that plays on too many negative stereotypes. Despite this, 7-Eleven reported that many of its Indian employees have reacted positively to the idea, although it was noted that it was \"not a 100 percent endorsement.\" On October 17, 2007, a gift shop that was modeled after a Kwik-E-Mart was opened at Universal Studios Florida. One also opened at Universal Studios Hollywood at a later time. They replaced the old \"Back to the Future\" gift shop and supplement The Simpsons Ride, which opened in Spring 2008. The stores sell \"Simpsons\"-related merchandise like Flaming Moe's Energy Drinks and", "title": "Kwik-E-Mart" }, { "id": "742846", "score": "1.5283835", "text": "show\". Bibliography Apu Nahasapeemapetilon Apu Nahasapeemapetilon () is a recurring character in the animated TV series \"The Simpsons\". He is an Indian immigrant proprietor who runs the Kwik-E-Mart, a popular convenience store in Springfield, and is best known for his catchphrase, \"Thank you, come again.\" He is voiced by Hank Azaria and first appeared in the episode \"The Telltale Head\". In the episode \"Homer and Apu\", Apu says he is from Rahmatpur, West Bengal. Apu is a naturalized US citizen, and holds a Ph.D. in computer science. He graduated first in his class of seven million at 'Caltech' – Calcutta", "title": "Apu Nahasapeemapetilon" }, { "id": "1733591", "score": "1.5108498", "text": "Kwik-E-Mart The Kwik-E-Mart (spelled \"Quick-E-Mart\" in \"Bart the General\") is a convenience store in the animated television series \"The Simpsons\". It is a parody of American convenience stores, such as 7-Eleven and Wawa Inc., and depicts many of the stereotypes about them. It is notorious for its high prices and the poor quality of its merchandise. It is run by an Indian-American named Apu Nahasapeemapetilon. It first appeared in the episode \"The Telltale Head\" and has since become a common setting in \"The Simpsons\". In July 2007, eleven 7-Eleven locations in the United States and one in Canada were transformed", "title": "Kwik-E-Mart" }, { "id": "894669", "score": "1.4732983", "text": "interrupting a live mortar exercise at Fort Springfield when visiting the re-enlisted Skinner, forcing the soldiers to redirect the mortar fire into the town, destroying the store and pumps off screen. The episode \"Scenes from the Class Struggle in Springfield\" also shows the pumps where Apu refuses to go out and serve a customer on the forecourt. In July 2007, convenience store chain 7-Eleven converted 11 of its stores in the United States and one in Canada into Kwik-E-Marts to promote the release of \"The Simpsons Movie\". The locations of the renovated Kwik-E-Marts were: Bladensburg, Maryland/Washington, D.C.; Burbank, California; Chicago;", "title": "Springfield (The Simpsons)" }, { "id": "20432477", "score": "1.4632118", "text": "creating a more nuanced portrayal of Apu: \"that lapse of Kondabolu’s imagination is the documentary’s real waste.\" Neal Justin of \"Minneapolis Star Tribune\" noted \"any criticism directed at the show’s portrayal of the convenience-store owner in his documentary...is drowned out by frustration that he can’t land an interview with the character’s voice actor\" \"The Simpsons\" episode \"No Good Read Goes Unpunished\", first aired in April 8, 2018, was widely received as a response to Kondabolu's film. In it, Marge finds that a book she loved as a child contains elements that would now be considered offensive, and edits the book", "title": "The Problem with Apu" }, { "id": "581575", "score": "1.4534221", "text": "family-owned and operated convenience stores called \"pulperías\" have been common since the 1900s and there are many of those stores in every neighbourhood. In the 2010s, modern convenience stores were introduced, mainly by the AMPM company. Competitors launched brands such as Musmanni Mini Super (a chain of bakery stores promoted to convenience stores), Vindi (operated by AutoMercado supermarket company), and Fresh Market (operated by AMPM in a format appealing to prosperous neighborhoods). Chilean convenience stores are typically found at gas-stations in most urban and near-urban areas on highways. Examples of these are Punto/Pronto (owned by Copec), Spacio 1 (Petrobras, formerly", "title": "Convenience store" }, { "id": "6442803", "score": "1.4440446", "text": "A-Plus APlus is an American convenience store chain owned & operated by the energy company Energy Transfer Partners. The chain began life as the convenience store chain for Atlantic Petroleum in 1985, which was spun off from ARCO, Inc. (ARCO itself was formed from the 1966 merger of Atlantic and Richfield Oil.) The first Aplus stores were rebranded ampm locations. In 1988, Sunoco bought Atlantic, and since Sunoco didn't have its own convenience store chain, APlus became Sunoco's chain by default. While Atlantic stations were converted to Sunoco by the mid-1990s, APlus grew, with Sunoco rebranding many company-owned stations in", "title": "A-Plus" }, { "id": "742837", "score": "1.4379649", "text": "primetime television in the United States. Hank Azaria has won three Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance, winning in 1998 for his performance as Apu, again in 2001 for \"Worst Episode Ever\", and a third time in 2003 for \"Moe Baby Blues\" for voicing several characters, including Apu. Apu's image has been widely licensed, on items ranging from board games to auto air fresheners. In July 2007, convenience store chain 7-Eleven converted 11 of its stores in the United States and one in Canada into Kwik-E-Marts to celebrate the release of \"The Simpsons Movie\". It has been argued that", "title": "Apu Nahasapeemapetilon" }, { "id": "7027658", "score": "1.4319725", "text": "foot Uni-Mart Center opened in State College and was promoted as \"America's Largest Convenience Store Under One Roof.\" In addition to being a convenience store and gasoline station, the mega-center included a Burger King, a Manhattan Bagel, a Fox's Pizza Den, a Mail Boxes Etc., and a bank. In July 2004, Uni-Mart reverted to private company status following the creation of Green Valley Acquisition Co. LLC. By 2008, Uni-Mart owned and operated 283 stores in Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio, but the number of privately owned franchise locations was not clear. In 2006, the company expanded into Ohio by acquiring", "title": "Uni-Mart" }, { "id": "6600472", "score": "1.4307072", "text": "Duncan Beard said the episode served as a parody of the peculiarities of the American convenience store. Beard particularly cited the Muzak and the dinging bell as Homer and Apu entered the Kwik-E-Mart in India, and the sign that read, \"The Master Knows All (except combination to safe)\". Beard said, \"Here the show presents its own instance of the global culture of consumer capitalism, transplanted intact and indistinguishably unaltered from the suburbs of America to a mountain top in some indefinable region of the post-partitioned Commonwealth nation of India, purely for the purpose of parodically criticizing the banality of quick-stop", "title": "Homer and Apu" }, { "id": "4913263", "score": "1.4166123", "text": "in the store. In the early 1950s, scriptwriter Jeremy Lloyd was employed as a junior assistant at Simpson; he drew on his experiences to come-up with the idea for the highly-popular 1970s/80s television sitcom \"Are You Being Served?\" Throughout the last few decades of the 20th Century the store branched out on the variety of stock and sold other brands such as Armani, Mary Quant and Christian Dior. Simpson continued to trade in the Piccadilly store until the 1990s after DAKS Simpson Group plc was acquired by the Japanese group Sankyo Seiko Co. Limited in 1991, and the building sold", "title": "Simpsons of Piccadilly" }, { "id": "581576", "score": "1.4032958", "text": "called Tigermarket and On The Run before Esso Chile was owned by Petrobras), Va y Ven (Terpel), Upa!, Upita!, and Select (from Shell). Other brands operating mostly in city-centers and middle-to-upperscale neighborhoods are Ok! Market (owned by Unimarc), Big John and Oxxo (owned by FEMSA), and some small-scale \"minisupermercados\" akin to mom and pop stores In France, some convenience shops are referred to as \"\" - \"Arab on the corner\". These shops often stay open later than the \"épiceries\" or groceries. Shop owners consider the name pejorative, especially those who are not from Arabia. A corner shop in Germany is", "title": "Convenience store" }, { "id": "894667", "score": "1.4012278", "text": "front windows, in the same blue color as is used for signs for Highland Avenue in Los Angeles. Likewise, three buildings are visible that are similar to some of those that might be seen on that street: two low buildings with bars over the windows, and a third, also with barred windows, which has a mission-style roof and a sign reading \"Smog Center.\" The episode \"Homer and Apu\" suggests that Apu is an employee of the Kwik-E-Mart and after losing his job there had to travel to India, where the Kwik-E-Mart head office is located, in the Himalayas. However, Apu", "title": "Springfield (The Simpsons)" }, { "id": "5923438", "score": "1.4007845", "text": "The Sweetest Apu \"The Sweetest Apu\" is the nineteenth episode of \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> thirteenth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 5, 2002. In the episode, Homer and his wife Marge discover that convenience store owner Apu is having an affair with the Squishee delivery lady working in his store. It is up to Marge, Homer and Apu to try to keep his wife Manjula from learning his secret. \"The Sweetest Apu\" was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Matthew Nastuk. It features \"Inside the Actors Studio\" host James Lipton as himself.", "title": "The Sweetest Apu" } ]

[ "", "12", "twelve" ]

[ { "id": "504047", "score": "1.5739002", "text": "to have swept the Electoral College. Washington's campaigns took place prior to the 1804 ratification of the Twelfth Amendment, which instituted the current system in which each member of the Electoral College casts one vote for president and one vote for vice president. Under the original system, each elector cast two votes, with no distinction made between the electoral votes for president and the electoral votes for vice president. Thus, in both of his campaigns, Washington won the maximum number of electoral votes any individual could receive, but only half of the electoral votes that were cast. Source: \"There was", "title": "1820 United States presidential election" }, { "id": "9428007", "score": "1.5355442", "text": "with 69 electoral votes. They also certified that Adams, with 34 electoral votes, had been elected as Vice President. The other 35 electoral votes were divided among: John Jay (9), Robert H. Harrison (6), John Rutledge (6), John Hancock (4), George Clinton (3), Samuel Huntington (2), John Milton (2), James Armstrong (1), Benjamin Lincoln (1), and Edward Telfair (1). Informed of his election on April 14, Washington wrote in a letter to Edward Rutledge that in accepting the presidency, he had given up \"all expectations of private happiness in this world.\" The Congress of the Confederation had set March 1789", "title": "Presidency of George Washington" }, { "id": "876879", "score": "1.5316873", "text": "large victory margins for Barack Obama in the 2012 election and for Hillary Clinton in 2016. United States Electoral College The United States Electoral College is a body of electors established by the United States Constitution, constituted every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president of the United States. The Electoral College consists of 538 electors, and an absolute majority of 270 electoral votes is required to win an election. Pursuant to , the legislature of each state determines the manner by which its electors are chosen. Each state's number of electors is equal", "title": "United States Electoral College" }, { "id": "503386", "score": "1.5036402", "text": "remaining 35 ballots split between ten other candidates. As the electors were being selected, rumors spread that there was an Anti-Federalist plot afoot to elect Richard Henry Lee or Patrick Henry president over Washington, with George Clinton as their choice for vice president. These rumors may have been encouraged by those sympathetic to the Federalists, who wished to discourage electors from voting for Clinton. If so, this strategy was effective: Clinton received only three electoral votes, possibly due to the fear that a vote for Clinton was effectively a vote against Washington. Only ten states out of the original thirteen", "title": "1788–89 United States presidential election" }, { "id": "503384", "score": "1.4921403", "text": "which relied on daily manual labor and upkeep of farmsteads. Congress also moved at a glacial rate due to these obstacles, and it even took two months for George Washington to learn that he had won the Presidency , and spent an entire week traveling from Virginia to New York to be sworn in as president. A total of four electoral votes were lost, two in Virginia as well as in Maryland, due to complications involving travel and private matters. These complications played a large role in the outcome of different aspects of the first election, ultimately causing necessary compromises", "title": "1788–89 United States presidential election" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "United States Electoral College\n\nThe United States Electoral College is the group of presidential electors required by the Constitution to form every four years for the sole purpose of appointing the president and vice president. Each state and the District of Columbia pursuant to the methods described by its legislature, equal in number to its congressional delegation (representatives and senators). Federal office holders, including senators and representatives, cannot be electors. Of the current 538 electors, an absolute majority of 270 or more \"electoral votes\" is required to elect the president and vice president. If no candidate achieves an absolute majority there, a contingent election is held by the United States House of Representatives to elect the president, and by the United States Senate to elect the vice president.\n\nThe states and the District of Columbia hold a statewide or districtwide popular vote on Election Day in November to choose electors based upon how they have pledged to vote for president and vice president, with some state laws proscribing faithless electors. All states except Maine and Nebraska use a party block voting, or general ticket method, to choose their electors, meaning all their electors go to one winning ticket. Maine and Nebraska choose one elector per congressional district and two electors for the ticket with the highest statewide vote. The electors meet and vote in December and the inauguration of the president and vice president takes place in January.\n\nThe suitability of the Electoral College system is a matter of ongoing debate. Supporters argue that it requires presidential candidates to have broad appeal across the country in order to win, while critics argue that it is not representative of the popular will of the nation when viewed without regard to the states.\n\nIts implementation by the states may leave it open to criticism; winner-take-all systems, especially in populous states, may not align with the principle of \"one person, one vote\". Almost 10% of presidential elections under the system have not elected the winners of the nationwide popular vote.\n\nCritics argue that the Electoral College system is less democratic than a direct popular vote and that the College violates the democratic principle of \"one person, one vote.\"\nThus, a president may be elected who did not win the national popular vote, as occurred in 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016. This is because the number of electors each state appoints is equal to the size of its congressional delegation, each state is entitled to at least three regardless of population, and the apportionment of the statutorily fixed number of the rest is only roughly proportional. In addition, faithless electors may not vote in accord with their pledge. Further objection is that instead of spending equally on each voter in the nation, candidates focus their campaigns on just a few swing states.", "title": "United States Electoral College" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "United States presidential election" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin ..." }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Electoral history of George Washington\n\nGeorge Washington stood for public office five times, serving two terms in the Virginia House of Burgesses and two terms as President of the United States. He is the only independent to serve as U.S. president and the only person unanimously elected to that office.", "title": "Electoral history of George Washington" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of United States presidential elections by Electoral College ..." }, { "id": "18133657", "score": "1.4842031", "text": "Thomas Jefferson wrote that he considered John Adams, John Hancock, John Jay, James Madison, and John Rutledge to be contenders for the vice presidency. Fearing an electoral college tie that could end with Adams winning the presidency, Alexander Hamilton arranged for several electors to vote for other candidates, including John Jay, who finished with the third most electoral votes. On April 6, 1789, the House and Senate, meeting in joint session, counted the electoral votes and certified that Washington had received electoral votes from each of the 69 electors that had cast votes, and thus had been elected president. They", "title": "1788–89 United States elections" }, { "id": "503402", "score": "1.4811101", "text": "for Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr – Adams easily secured re-election. At the time, there were 15 states in the United States: the 13 original states and the two recently admitted states of Vermont (March 1791) and Kentucky (June 1792). The Electoral College consisted of 132 electors, with each elector having two votes. The Electoral College chose Washington unanimously. John Adams was again elected vice-president as the runner-up, this time getting the vote of a majority of electors. George Clinton won the votes of only Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, his native New York, and a single elector in Pennsylvania. Thomas", "title": "1792 United States presidential election" }, { "id": "503370", "score": "1.4790715", "text": "electoral votes for president and electoral votes for vice president; this procedure would be modified in 1804 through the ratification of the Twelfth Amendment. The different states had varying methods for choosing presidential electors. Many states held a popular vote, but in other states, the state legislature appointed the electors. Washington had distinguished himself in his role as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and he was enormously popular. After Washington agreed to come out of retirement, it was widely assumed that he would be elected president. Washington did not select a running mate, and no", "title": "1788–89 United States presidential election" }, { "id": "8166060", "score": "1.476312", "text": "to the Electoral College. Washington is allocated 11 electors because it has 9 congressional districts and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 11 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 11 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone", "title": "2004 United States presidential election in Washington (state)" }, { "id": "12091419", "score": "1.472462", "text": "and 1792, George Washington won all the electoral votes running effectively unopposed, and in 1820, James Monroe, running unopposed, carried all twenty-three states in the union at that time (although one electoral vote was cast for John Quincy Adams and two electors died prior to casting votes). In 1936, Franklin D. Roosevelt carried forty-six of forty-eight states, losing only Maine and Vermont. A complete fifty-state victory has not been accomplished since the fiftieth state was admitted into the union, although Republicans have twice managed to win the presidency in forty-nine of the fifty: in 1972 with Richard Nixon losing only", "title": "Fifty-state strategy" }, { "id": "876844", "score": "1.4575388", "text": "votes could be found, even in \"safe\" states they are already expected to win, and in \"safe\" states they have no hope of winning. Educational YouTuber CGP Grey, who has produced several short videos criticizing the Electoral College, has illustrated how it is technically possible to win the necessary 270 electoral votes while winning only 22% of the overall popular vote, by winning the barest simple plurality of the 39 smallest states (excluding Washington and including New Jersey) and the District of Columbia. Though the current political geography of the United States makes such an election unlikely (it would require", "title": "United States Electoral College" }, { "id": "6490753", "score": "1.4559935", "text": "until 1961, when the 23rd Amendment was ratified, giving D.C. the treatment of a state in the Electoral College (\"but in no event more than the least populous State\"; that is, three electors, increasing the total number of electors to 538). U.S. territories and possessions still have no voice in the selection of the President. In 2000, Puerto Rico attempted to include the U.S. Presidential election on its ballots, knowing that the Electoral College would not count its result. However, the move was declared unconstitutional by the First Circuit Court of Appeals, and the Presidential ballot was not handed out", "title": "Apportionment (politics)" }, { "id": "11826415", "score": "1.4548254", "text": "state's presidential electors gathering in their state's capital. Under the rules then in place, each elector could vote for two persons (but the two people chosen by the elector could not both inhabit the same state as that elector), with the candidate who won the most votes becoming president and the candidate with the second-most becoming vice president. Each elector cast one vote for Washington, while John Adams won the most votes of all other candidates, and thus won election as vice president. Electors from 10 of the 13 states cast votes. There were no votes from New York, because", "title": "Confederation Period" }, { "id": "503396", "score": "1.4546776", "text": "this system, each elector cast two votes: the candidate who received the greatest number of votes (so long as they won a majority) became president, while the runner-up became vice president. The Twelfth Amendment would eventually replace this system, requiring electors to cast one vote for president and one vote for vice president, but this change did not take effect until 1804. Because of this, it is difficult to use modern-day terminology to describe the relationship among the candidates in this election. Washington is generally held by historians to have run unopposed. Indeed, the incumbent president enjoyed bipartisan support and", "title": "1792 United States presidential election" }, { "id": "13021504", "score": "1.4538243", "text": "securing the greatest amount of the national popular vote, such as during the 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000 and 2016 elections. In theory, it is possible to secure the necessary 270 electoral votes from only the eleven most populous states and then ignore the rest of the country. In 1844, Representative Samuel F. Vinton of Ohio proposed an amendment to the constitution that would replace the electoral college system with a lot system. The Joint Resolution called for each state to elect, by a simple majority, a presidential candidate of said state. Each state would notify Congress of the presidential election", "title": "United States presidential election" }, { "id": "876776", "score": "1.4532003", "text": "on a popular election held on Election Day. The popular election for electors means the president and vice president are in effect chosen through indirect election by the citizens. Since the mid-19th century when all electors have been popularly chosen, the Electoral College has elected the candidate who received the most popular votes nationwide, except in four elections: 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016. In 1824, there were six states in which electors were legislatively appointed, rather than popularly elected, so the true national popular vote is uncertain; the electors failed to select a winning candidate, so the matter was decided", "title": "United States Electoral College" }, { "id": "12657578", "score": "1.452143", "text": "took place on Monday, November 5 in Washington, D.C. It was hosted by RT and moderated by Thom Hartmann and Christina Tobin. Popular vote totals are from the official Federal Election Commission report. The results of the electoral vote were certified by Congress on January 4, 2013. The table below displays the official vote tallies by each state's Electoral College voting method. The source for the results of all states, except those that amended their official results, is the official Federal Election Commission report. The column labeled \"Margin\" shows Obama's margin of victory over Romney (the margin is negative for", "title": "2012 United States presidential election" }, { "id": "876794", "score": "1.4521075", "text": "population would entitle it to only three electors; based on its population per electoral vote, D.C. has the second highest per capita Electoral College representation, after Wyoming. Currently, there is a total of 538 electors, there being 435 representatives and 100 senators, plus the three electors allocated to Washington, D.C. The six states with the most electors are California (55), Texas (38), New York (29), Florida (29), Illinois (20), and Pennsylvania (20). The seven smallest states by population—Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming—have three electors each. This is because each of these states is entitled to", "title": "United States Electoral College" }, { "id": "876868", "score": "1.4517572", "text": "slavery. The closest the United States has come to abolishing the Electoral College occurred during the 91st Congress (1969–1971). The presidential election of 1968 resulted in Richard Nixon receiving 301 electoral votes (56% of electors), Hubert Humphrey 191 (35.5%), and George Wallace 46 (8.5%) with 13.5% of the popular vote. However, Nixon had received only 511,944 more popular votes than Humphrey, 43.5% to 42.9%, less than 1% of the national total. Representative Emanuel Celler (D–New York), chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, responded to public concerns over the disparity between the popular vote and electoral vote by introducing House Joint", "title": "United States Electoral College" }, { "id": "9428131", "score": "1.450985", "text": "votes among candidates other than Adams. Hamilton's scheme was undone when several New England state electors heard of it, conferred, and agreed not to vote for Pinckney. The electoral votes were counted during a Joint Session of Congress on February 8, 1797; Adams won the presidency by a narrow margin, garnering 71 electoral votes to 68 for Jefferson (who became the vice president). The balance of the Electoral College votes were dispersed among: Thomas Pinckney (59), Aaron Burr (30), Samuel Adams (15), Oliver Ellsworth (11), George Clinton (7), John Jay (5), James Iredell (3), John Henry (2), Samuel Johnston (2),", "title": "Presidency of George Washington" } ]

[ "The Green Mile", "green mile", "The Green Mile (disambiguation)", "Green mile", "green mile disambiguation", "Green Mile", "The+green+mile" ]

[ { "id": "16700816", "score": "1.7879294", "text": "Reflections on a Crime Reflections on a Crime (also known as Reflections in the Dark) is a 1994 American prison thriller written and directed by Jon Purdy. Mimi Rogers stars as a woman in the final hours of Death Row retelling the murder of her husband that she was incarcerated for. Regina, a death row prisoner, raises questions about her guilt when she recalls the murder of her husband, James, through a series of confessions and flashbacks. Colin, a prison guard, with a media interest, is intrigued by the beautiful Regina and her story. Colin questions Regina about her late", "title": "Reflections on a Crime" }, { "id": "13648140", "score": "1.7877803", "text": "evidence has linked him to a wood-carving chisel used to commit the murders. Black has been asked to construct an offender profile for Garry, to determine whether the man is sufficiently dangerous to society for a judge to issue a death penalty. Garry himself is asking to be executed. Black travels to Garry's home with a deputy, Kevin Reilly (Steve Bacic). Daubed in blood on the kitchen window are the numbers \"1 28 15\", which Reilly notes no one has been able to understand. Black also listens to a recording of Garry's confession, which details the murders meticulously. Black convinces", "title": "Covenant (Millennium)" }, { "id": "4828074", "score": "1.7792952", "text": "a juke joint by the town's sheriff, Warren Pike (Ned Vaughn), who frames Ray and Claude for the murder. A short time later, they go to trial, are convicted, and sentenced to life. Ray and Claude are sent to an infamous prison camp called 'Camp 8' (now Mississippi State Penitentiary) to perform hard labor. They spend the next 65 years trying to escape from prison, while making new friends - Biscuit (Miguel A. Núñez Jr.), Jangle Leg (Bernie Mac), Radio (Guy Torry), Goldmouth (Michael Taliferro), Cookie (Anthony Anderson) and Pokerface (Barry Shabaka Henley) - and dodging guards Sergeant Dillard (Nick", "title": "Life (1999 film)" }, { "id": "6649661", "score": "1.7782695", "text": "and learns of some of their crimes. He soon shares a bunk with Bryce (Mankuma), who was convicted of murder despite his pleas to the contrary. Bryce advises that he expects his appeal to fail and to eventually be shipped out of the stockade to be hanged. Lawrence (Toles-Bey), a fellow prisoner who harbors sympathetic views toward the Nation of Islam, reveals that he was convicted of rape and sentenced to seven years though he denies his crime. Among the prisoners is also the largely silent Harry \"Sweetbread\" Crane (Stewart) who is an inspiring vocalist who sings at church services", "title": "Cadence (film)" }, { "id": "13648106", "score": "1.7724934", "text": "they take the girls into protective custody. The girls are taken onto a bus as Black speaks to their biological father, a preacher confined to a negative pressure ventilator (Morgan Woodward). The man reveals to Black that he attempted to create a caste of pure and innocent people who could repopulate society benevolently after the cataclysm. He contacted some of the girls to let them know he would die before the apocalyptic date, and they committed suicide shortly afterwards. That night, a power cut stops the man's ventilator, killing him. When Black leaves to meet with the girls in custody,", "title": "Force Majeure (Millennium)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Green Mile (film)\n\nThe Green Mile is a 1999 American fantasy drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont and based on Stephen King's 1996 novel of the same name. It stars Tom Hanks as a death row prison guard during the Great Depression who witnesses supernatural events following the arrival of an enigmatic convict (Michael Clarke Duncan) at his facility. David Morse, Bonnie Hunt, Sam Rockwell, and James Cromwell appear in supporting roles.\n\nThe film premiered on December 10, 1999, in the United States to positive reviews from critics, who praised Darabont's direction and writing, emotional weight, and performances (particularly for Hanks and Duncan), although its length received criticism. It was a commercial success, grossing $286 million from its $60 million budget, and was nominated for four Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor for Duncan, Best Sound and Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published.", "title": "The Green Mile (film)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Jeffrey Dahmer\n\nJeffrey Lionel Dahmer (; May 21, 1960 – November 28, 1994), also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal or the Milwaukee Monster, was an American serial killer and sex offender who killed and dismembered seventeen men and boys between 1978 and 1991. Many of his later murders involved necrophilia, cannibalism, and the permanent preservation of body parts—typically all or part of the skeleton.\n\nAlthough he was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, and a psychotic disorder, Dahmer was found to be legally sane at his trial. He was convicted of fifteen of the sixteen homicides he had committed in Wisconsin and was sentenced to fifteen terms of life imprisonment on February 17, 1992. Dahmer was later sentenced to a sixteenth term of life imprisonment for an additional homicide committed in Ohio in 1978.\n\nOn November 28, 1994, Dahmer was beaten to death by Christopher Scarver, a fellow inmate at the Columbia Correctional Institution in Portage, Wisconsin.", "title": "Jeffrey Dahmer" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Snapped\n\nSnapped is an American true crime television series produced by Jupiter Entertainment. The series depicts high profile or bizarre cases of women accused of murder. Each episode outlines the motivation for murder, whether it be revenge against a cheating husband or lover, a large insurance payoff, or the ending to years of abuse, with each murder's circumstances as unique as the women profiled.\n\n\"Snapped\" premiered on August 6, 2004 on Oxygen. It has since become the network's longest-running original series, with its 28 defined seasons and sixteen years in production (and two spin-offs) outlasting the seventeen seasons and thirteen years of the \"Bad Girls Club\". The show also played a large role in the decision by parent company NBCUniversal to relaunch Oxygen as a crime network in 2017. , 500 original episodes of \"Snapped\" have aired.", "title": "Snapped" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of dystopian films\n\nThis is a list of dystopian films. Dystopian societies appear in many speculative fiction works and are often found within the science fiction and fantasy genres. \"Dystopias\" are often characterized by dehumanization, totalitarian governments, ruthless megacorporations, environmental disasters, or other characteristics associated with a dramatic decline in society. \n", "title": "List of dystopian films" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Scottsboro Boys" }, { "id": "13648041", "score": "1.7710602", "text": "cannot see it. Speaking to clinical social worker Catherine Black (Megan Gallagher), Seattle police officer Bob Bletcher (Bill Smitrovich) reveals that the victim had been graphically mutilated during the murder. Catherine Black's husband, offender profiler Frank Black (Lance Henriksen), is asked to consult on the case as a member of the Millennium Group, a private investigative organisation. Black senses that the killer feels rage towards someone—not the victim—and is taking it out on strangers. Speaking to the family, Black finds that the victim's dead son has had a sports team badge taken from his body; he also realizes that the", "title": "Blood Relatives (Millennium)" }, { "id": "17029246", "score": "1.7670214", "text": "might be forced to tell what he knows to stay out of jail, and he decides that Dean has to be killed; however, rather than murder his friend himself, Rich asks one of the white kids who hangs out with him, who seems especially eager to prove himself, to do it for him. The kid, however, is actually the son of the District Attorney. Most of the script was improvised by the cast. Only Claudia Schiffer's part was fully scripted. Because she had not had them done previously, Claudia Schiffer had to have her ears pierced especially for the large", "title": "Black and White (1999 drama film)" }, { "id": "13648278", "score": "1.7488608", "text": "him that she looked after him as a child too, and has never been accused of anything in three decades of childcare work. Sherman sees she is incapable of what she has been accused of and continues to send his son to the daycare, but other parents protest, to the point of picketing and vandalizing the fence around the daycare. Black and Means discover that they have both been sent to investigate by the Group, realizing that this is some kind of test for them. They both come to believe that Barkabow, from whom Black senses a demonic presence, is", "title": "Monster (Millennium)" }, { "id": "11595902", "score": "1.7465812", "text": "as extras. Convicted killer Michael Raine is on death row. He is either guilty of killing his girlfriend or a victim of a conspiracy to frame him for a crime he didn't commit. As the story unfolds Jessica Foster, an assistant to the Governor of Tennessee begins to interview Raine while on death row, claiming that she's writing a book about the inmates. Through various circumstances, Raine puts two and two together and builds a case that he believes can prove his innocence. Ms. Foster is the only one on the 'outside\" who can give Raine a voice, but is", "title": "A Letter from Death Row (film)" }, { "id": "4828071", "score": "1.7456555", "text": "Life (1999 film) Life is a 1999 American comedy-drama film written by Robert Ramsey and Matthew Stone and directed by Ted Demme. The film stars Eddie Murphy and Martin Lawrence. It is the second film that Eddie Murphy and Martin Lawrence have worked on, the first being \"Boomerang\". The supporting cast includes Obba Babatundé, Bernie Mac, Anthony Anderson, Miguel A. Núñez Jr., Bokeem Woodbine, Guy Torry and Barry Shabaka Henley. The film's format is a story being told by an elderly inmate about two of his friends, who are both wrongly convicted of murder and given a life sentence in", "title": "Life (1999 film)" }, { "id": "13648276", "score": "1.7430868", "text": "out for attention. In Arkansas, sheriff's deputy Bill Sherman (Chris Owens) discovers bite-marks on his son's skin after he returns home from the daycare. When his son refuses to discuss what happened, Sherman is convinced of the rumours about Plott. Black arrives in town, and pretends to be a local parent interested in using the daycare. His visit is interrupted by Lara Means (Kristen Cloke), who is investigating for Plott's defence. However, the two are forced to work together when one boy, Jason Wells, stops breathing. Despite attempts to revive him, the boy dies. Meanwhile, in Seattle, Black's wife Catherine", "title": "Monster (Millennium)" }, { "id": "8135755", "score": "1.740133", "text": "they trace his stolen pistol to the murder. Woods defiantly proclaims his innocence, frustrating his lawyer, James Locket, who advises him to show less attitude in court. At the same time, community activist Reverend Banks raises awareness of the death of a black prisoner whom he believes to have been murdered by the police while in custody. Johnson dismisses the concerns of his family and girlfriend, saying there is no evidence of this. While coaching Bono on what to say at the trial, Johnson's commander, Clarence Massey, learns that Bono stopped Woods because of his race. Frustrated, Massey instructs him", "title": "The Glass Shield" }, { "id": "13648141", "score": "1.7296813", "text": "Garry's attorney to allow him an interview, insisting he will be entirely impartial. Garry tells Black he had planned the murders for some time, motivated by hatred for his wife and monetary concerns. Black refutes this, pointing out that Garry had carved a wooden angel as a gift for his wife that same day, using the chisel that was the murder weapon. Smith, realizing that Black does not believe Garry to be guilty, dismisses him from the case. Black discovers that Garry had been having an affair, having previously believed that Mrs. Garry was the unfaithful one; he also realizes", "title": "Covenant (Millennium)" }, { "id": "13748309", "score": "1.7270617", "text": "Shadow of Doubt (1998 film) Shadow of Doubt is a 1998 American independent mystery-thriller film directed by Randal Kleiser and starring Melanie Griffith, Tom Berenger, Craig Sheffer, and Huey Lewis. After the daughter of a prominent businessman is brutally murdered, high-profile defense attorney Kitt Devereux takes the case of the accused murderer, rapper Bobby Medina. With a history of drugs and violence, Medina is a likely suspect, but Devereux suspects there's more to the case as she locks horns with her ex-husband, D.A. Jack Campioni, and a wealthy woman whose son is a presidential candidate. Dealing with her own tainted", "title": "Shadow of Doubt (1998 film)" }, { "id": "11294272", "score": "1.7220724", "text": "the videotape evidence, is charged for statutory rape and is forced to register as a sex offender. His lawyer, who happens to be Ben, advises him to plead no contest at his trial to have his sentence reduced to ten years. A minor storyline occurs when a darker-skinned man accidentally leaves his knapsack on a bus. The bus is eventually evacuated and the bomb squad is called in, revealing that the knapsack contains nothing more than college textbooks. In a montage during the epilogue, Joan Krebbs gives birth while Berry is incarcerated; the convenience store clerks, Willie and Carl, are", "title": "Look (2007 film)" }, { "id": "13647980", "score": "1.7215481", "text": "Morrison), and sees that he is a competent and experienced investigator, although his recent separation from his wife has left him distracted and on edge. The killer murders another woman, disposing of the body in a post office's dead letter office. Investigating, Black finds a human hair with a message etched into it—\"hair today, gone tomorrow\"—which he takes as an indication that the murderer is lashing out at a world that he feels has treated him as insignificant. Horn's mental condition seems to deteriorate, and he begins to take the case personally, leading Black to doubt his ability. A third", "title": "Dead Letters (Millennium)" }, { "id": "3373187", "score": "1.7205794", "text": "stabbed during a robbery; her anklet is missing. Her husband, composer Roman Strauss (Kenneth Branagh), is found guilty of the crime and condemned to death. Before his execution, Roman is visited by reporter Gray Baker (Andy Garcia). Asked if he killed Margaret, Roman appears to whisper something in Gray’s ear; Baker does not disclose Roman's answer. Forty years later, private detective Mike Church (Branagh) investigates the identity of a woman who has appeared at the orphanage where he grew up. She has amnesia, cannot speak and has nightmares. Mike takes her in and asks his friend, Pete Dugan (Wayne Knight),", "title": "Dead Again" }, { "id": "11140387", "score": "1.7194304", "text": "the jurors (Sergei Makovetsky) votes in favour of acquittal. Since the verdict must be rendered unanimously, the jurors review the case, and one by one come to the conclusion that the boy was framed. The murder was performed by criminals involved in the construction business. The discussion is repeatedly interrupted by flashbacks from the boy's wartime childhood. In the end the foreman states that he was sure the boy did not commit the crime but he will not vote in favour of acquittal since the acquitted boy will be subsequently killed by the same criminals. In addition, the foreman reveals", "title": "12 (2007 film)" }, { "id": "13648027", "score": "1.7178183", "text": "killer tightens, another cleric is tortured and killed; however, Black senses that the killer has returned to where his life fell apart. He and the police are able to identify the killer as Galen Calloway (Michael Zelniker), whose wife and daughter had been killed in a house fire several years earlier. Black knows the killer's next target will be the church that held the family's funeral. Calloway enters the church wielding explosives, taking the congregation hostage. The building is quickly surrounded by police and reporters as Calloway gives a sermon to his hostages about the loss of faith. Black believes", "title": "Kingdom Come (Millennium)" }, { "id": "13648139", "score": "1.7118555", "text": "Smith and Arthur Shawcross. The episode was viewed by approximately 6.7 million households in its original broadcast. It has received positive reviews, with Moresco's script praised for its subtlety. Millennium Group member Frank Black (Lance Henriksen) travels to Provo, Utah to meet Calvin Smith (Michael O'Neill), the prosecutor in a local murder case; and Didi Higgens (Sarah Koskoff), a pathologist for the County Medical Examiner's office. Smith and Higgens have been involved in the trial of former sheriff William Garry (John Finn), who has been convicted of killing his three children and wife. Garry pleaded guilty to murders, and forensic", "title": "Covenant (Millennium)" } ]

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[ { "id": "4352443", "score": "1.6424754", "text": "(\"Today's Children\"). The copyright was held by the National Broadcasting Company. No author was cited in the book. The book was illustrated with line drawings depicting the action, as well as photographs of the leading characters in the show - identified by their character names only. A 1935 Pillsbury advertising premium describes the characters as follows. Six years following the end of the original series, Phillips created a new serial bearing the \"Today's Children\" title which began on December 13, 1943 over NBC, related to the original series only by its general dramatic themes and the setting of Chicago's Hester", "title": "Today's Children" }, { "id": "4352444", "score": "1.6418684", "text": "Street. The new serial followed the family of Mama and Papa Schultz, played Virginia Payne and Murray Forbes. Originally, the series was one of three Phillips-created serials which made up the \"General Mills Hour\", with characters and plots crossing over between \"Children\", \"The Guiding Light\", and \"Woman In White\". Although Phillips was integral in plotting the revived series, the dialogue was written by Virginia Cooke. The second version of \"Today's Children\" ended on June 2, 1950. Today's Children Today's Children was a name shared by two thematically related American radio soap operas created and written by Irna Phillips, the earliest", "title": "Today's Children" }, { "id": "17903104", "score": "1.6223402", "text": "Tomorrow's Child (film) Tomorrow's Child is an Australian television film, or rather a live one-off television play, which aired in 1957 on ABC. Directed by Raymond Menmuir, it is notable as an early example of Australian television comedy and was Australia's first live hour long drama. Promoted as \"A satirical comedy of the future\", it was set in a fictional police state. It was based on a 1947 play by John Coates, and written by Alan Seymour. It aired on Sydney station ABN-2 on 9 April 1957. A kinescope was made of the broadcast and shown in Melbourne on ABV-2", "title": "Tomorrow's Child (film)" }, { "id": "4352441", "score": "1.5951724", "text": "Today's Children Today's Children was a name shared by two thematically related American radio soap operas created and written by Irna Phillips, the earliest of which was her first nationally networked series. The original series, which debuted on September 11, 1933, revolved around the large Moran clan, headed by widow Mary \"Mother\" Moran, who was voiced by Phillips herself. Mother Moran had three adult children—Terry, Frances, and Eileen—whose troubles she dealt with using what promotional materials called \"warm-hearted understanding and a common-sense philosophy.\" The creation of the series was a direct result of Phillips' resignation from her pioneering WGN series", "title": "Today's Children" }, { "id": "2780424", "score": "1.5873377", "text": "Today's Special Today's Special is a Canadian children's television program produced by Clive VanderBurgh at TVOntario from 1981 to 1987. It was set in a department store, based on the flagship location of the now defunct Simpson's in Toronto. Many sequences for it were shot at the Queen Street West and Yonge Street store after hours. In the children's department of a major department store, each night when Jodie arrives for work, she carries a mannequin (Jeff) upstairs, where Muffy says the magic words \"hocus pocus alimagocus!\" This brings him to life. Many early episodes focused on a tangible object", "title": "Today's Special" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Electric Company\n\nThe Electric Company is an American educational children's television series produced by the Children's Television Workshop (CTW, now known as Sesame Workshop). It was co-created by Paul Dooley, Joan Ganz Cooney, and Lloyd Morrisett. The series aired on PBS for 780 episodes over the course of its six seasons from October 25, 1971, to April 15, 1977. The program continued in reruns until October 4, 1985. \"The Electric Company\" later reran on Noggin, a channel co-founded by the CTW, from 1999 to 2003. Noggin also produced a compilation special for the show.\n\nThe Workshop produced the show at Reeves Teletape Studios in Manhattan. \"The Electric Company\" employed sketch comedy and various other devices to provide an entertaining program to help elementary school children develop their grammar and reading skills. Since it was intended for children who had graduated from CTW's flagship program, \"Sesame Street\", the humor was more mature than what was seen there.\n\nThe show was directed by Robert Schwarz (1971 and 1977), Henry Behar (1972–1975), and John Tracy (1975–1976), and written by Dooley, Christopher Cerf (1971–1973), Jeremy Stevens (1972–1974) and John Boni/Amy Ephron (1972–1973). \n\nIn many areas, a preview special, \"Here Comes The Electric Company\", was seen in syndication through sponsor Johnson Wax on many local commercial stations during the week before its 1971 debut.", "title": "The Electric Company" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Tomorrow People\n\nThe Tomorrow People is a British children's science fiction television series created by Roger Price. Produced by Thames Television for the ITV Network, the series first ran from 30 April 1973 to 19 February 1979.\n\nThe theme music was composed by Australian music composer, Dudley Simpson, who composed music for two BBC science fiction dramas, \"Doctor Who\" (1963) and \"Blake’s 7\" (1978).\n\nIn 1992, after having much success with replays of the original series in America, Nickelodeon requested Price and Thames Television for a new version to be piloted and filmed at Nickelodeon Studios Florida in April 1992, with Price acting as executive producer. This version used the same basic premise as the original series with some changes, and ran until 8 March 1995. A series of audio plays using the original concept and characters (and many of the original series' actors) was produced by Big Finish Productions between 2001 and 2007. In 2013, an American remake of the show premiered on The CW.", "title": "The Tomorrow People" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "SpongeBob SquarePants\n\nSpongeBob SquarePants (or simply SpongeBob) is an American animated comedy television series created by marine science educator and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon. It chronicles the adventures of the title character and his aquatic friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. The fifth-longest-running American animated series, its high popularity has made it a media franchise. It is the highest rated Nickelodeon series and the most profitable property for Paramount Consumer Products, generating over $13 billion in merchandising revenue as of 2019.\n\nMany of the series's ideas originated in \"The Intertidal Zone\", an unpublished educational comic book Hillenburg created in 1989 to teach his students about undersea life. He began developing \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" into a television series in 1996, and in 1997, a seven-minute pilot was pitched to Nickelodeon. The network's executives wanted SpongeBob to be a child in school, but Hillenburg preferred SpongeBob to be an adult character. He was prepared to abandon the series, but compromised by creating Mrs. Puff and her boating school so SpongeBob could attend school as an adult.\n\nNickelodeon aired a preview for the series in the United States on May 1, 1999, after the airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards. The series officially premiered on July 17, 1999. It gained enormous popularity by its second season, and has subsequently received worldwide critical acclaim. The thirteenth season began in October 2020, and the series was renewed for a fourteenth season on March 24, 2022. It has inspired three feature films: \"The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie\" (2004), \"\" (2015), and \"\" (2020). Two spin-off series, \"\" and \"The Patrick Star Show\", premiered in 2021. As of February 2022, four additional films are planned: three character spinoff films for Paramount+, and a new theatrical \"SpongeBob\" film.\n\n\"SpongeBob SquarePants\" has won a variety of awards including six Annie Awards, eight Golden Reel Awards, four Emmy Awards, 19 Kids' Choice Awards, and two BAFTA Children's Awards. A Broadway musical based on it opened in 2017 to critical acclaim.", "title": "SpongeBob SquarePants" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (TV special)\n\nRudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer is a 1964 Christmas stop motion animated television special produced by Videocraft International, Ltd. (later known as Rankin/Bass Productions) and currently distributed by NBCUniversal Television Distribution (later known as NBCUniversal Syndication Studios). It first aired December 6, 1964, on the NBC television network in the United States and was sponsored by General Electric under the umbrella title of \"The General Electric Fantasy Hour\". The special was based on the 1949 Johnny Marks song \"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\" which was itself based on the poem of the same name written in 1939 by Marks' brother-in-law, Robert L. May. Since 1972, the special has aired on CBS; the network unveiled a high-definition, digitally remastered version of the program in 2005, re-scanned frame-by-frame from the original 35 mm film elements.\n\nAs with \"A Charlie Brown Christmas\" and \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\", \"Rudolph\" no longer airs just once annually but several times during the Christmas and holiday season. It has been telecast every year since 1964, making it the longest continuously running Christmas TV special in the United States. The 50th anniversary of the television special was marked in 2014, and a series of postage stamps featuring Rudolph was issued by the United States Postal Service on November 6, 2014. A special exhibit was also mounted at the Masterworks Museum in Bermuda where the original puppets are held.\n\nIn 2019, Freeform (formerly ABC Family) started airing the special as part of its 25 Days of Christmas/Rankin-Bass Christmas holiday programming block.", "title": "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (TV special)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Doctor Who\n\nDoctor Who is a British science fiction television series broadcast by the BBC since 1963. The series depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called the Doctor, an extraterrestrial being who appears to be human. The Doctor explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS. The TARDIS exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired. With various companions, the Doctor combats foes, works to save civilisations, and helps people in need.\n\nBeginning with William Hartnell, thirteen actors have headlined the series as the Doctor; in 2017, Jodie Whittaker became the first woman to officially play the role on television. The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the series with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation, a plot device in which a Time Lord \"transforms\" into a new body when the current one is too badly harmed to heal normally. Each actor's portrayal is unique, but all represent stages in the life of the same character, and together, they form a single lifetime with a single narrative. The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet.\n\nThe series is a significant part of popular culture in Britain and elsewhere; it has gained a cult following. It has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series. Fans of the series are sometimes referred to as \"Whovians\". The series is listed in \"Guinness World Records\" as the longest-running science-fiction television series in the world, as well as the \"most successful\" science-fiction series of all time, based on its overall broadcast ratings, DVD and book sales, and iTunes traffic.\n\nThe series originally ran from 1963 to 1989. There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot in the form of a television film titled \"Doctor Who\". The series was relaunched in 2005 and since then, has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff. \"Doctor Who\" has also spawned numerous spin-offs, including comic books, films, novels, audio dramas, and the television series \"Torchwood\" (2006–2011), \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" (2007–2011), \"K9\" (2009–2010), and \"Class\" (2016). It has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture.", "title": "Doctor Who" }, { "id": "17903105", "score": "1.579663", "text": "on 26 April 1957, it is not known if the kinescope recording still exists. Cast included James Condon, Janette Craig, Queenie Ashton, and Mayne Lynton. Craig and Ashton later were regulars on \"Autumn Affair\" (1958-1959), the first Australian-produced television soap opera. Tomorrow's Child (film) Tomorrow's Child is an Australian television film, or rather a live one-off television play, which aired in 1957 on ABC. Directed by Raymond Menmuir, it is notable as an early example of Australian television comedy and was Australia's first live hour long drama. Promoted as \"A satirical comedy of the future\", it was set in a", "title": "Tomorrow's Child (film)" }, { "id": "1751922", "score": "1.5783201", "text": "Thames and began on the first day of transmission. It continued after Harry Corbett's retirement in 1975 with his son, Matthew Corbett, and lasted on Thames until late 1992. The company also produced the children's show \"Magpie\", which began in 1968 and was intended as a rival for \"Blue Peter\" on BBC 1, and \"The Tomorrow People\" (1973–79), a science fiction series. For pre-school children there was \"Rainbow\", which started in 1972 and ran for 20 years. The programme used animation and graphics created by Cosgrove Hall, a Thames subsidiary founded in 1972, which made animated series for children. During", "title": "Thames Television" }, { "id": "3240224", "score": "1.568974", "text": "Search for Tomorrow Search for Tomorrow is an American television soap opera. It began its run on CBS on September 3, 1951, and concluded on NBC after 35 years on December 26, 1986. \"Search for Tomorrow\" was created by Roy Winsor and was first written by Agnes Nixon (then known professionally as Agnes Eckhardt) for the series' first thirteen weeks and later by Irving Vendig. The program was one of several packaged from the 1950s through the 1980s by Procter & Gamble Productions, the broadcasting arm of the famed household products corporation, who were also responsible for the likes of", "title": "Search for Tomorrow" }, { "id": "12527208", "score": "1.5661557", "text": "Tomorrow, Today! Tomorrow, Today! was a radio sitcom originally broadcast on BBC Radio 4 between 2006 and 2008. It is itself a spoof of radio science fiction dramas of the late 1950s and early 1960s. The writer is Christopher William Hill. The action takes place in a BBC studio in 1961, where a motley crew of \"bright young things\" and aging actors produce a futuristic drama set in the year 2006, which of course is a world of space flight, ray guns, and contact with aliens. The show is called \"Tomorrow, Today!\" and is basically a soap opera. The lead", "title": "Tomorrow, Today!" }, { "id": "1551665", "score": "1.5657858", "text": "for transfer. Plans for a second volume are pending, based on sales of the first DVD. Tiswas Tiswas (\"\"Today Is Saturday Watch And Smile\"\") was a children's British television series that originally aired on Saturday mornings from 5 January 1974 to 3 April 1982 and was produced for the ITV network by ATV Network Limited. It was created by ATV continuity announcer Peter Tomlinson (later to become a regular presenter on the show) following a test period in 1973 when he tried out a few competitions and \"daft stuff\" between the programmes. \"Tiswas\" began life as a 'links' strand between", "title": "Tiswas" }, { "id": "7612460", "score": "1.5558612", "text": "Acc. 9247/29. Episode three, \"Industry\", has been lost. Today and Yesterday Today and Yesterday is a 1975 series of three plays for children by Alasdair Gray about life in nineteenth century Scotland, commissioned by Malcolm Hossack of Scottish BBC Educational Television. The plays show a TV presenter traveling in time to contrast the 1970s with the Victorian era, and, although written for a school audience, include many of Gray's political interests. Some of the themes covered in the series would return in Gray's Victorian novel \"Poor Things\". The text for two episodes, \"The Streets\" and \"The School\" is available in", "title": "Today and Yesterday" }, { "id": "12527211", "score": "1.5469232", "text": "is commissioned to devise a science fiction series for children's television and, thanks to a series of mishaps on the way to Television Centre, has the idea for \"Professor Fabula and the Diloks\", featuring a scientist who travels through time and space in a police call box, accompanied by a robotic dog. Unfortunately the idea is squelched due to salacious interpretations of the Professor's status as a single man wandering in time and space with a dog. In the final episode of the second series, the entire production relocates to Wales as the Cuban Missile Crisis threatens to bring down", "title": "Tomorrow, Today!" }, { "id": "14601150", "score": "1.5440547", "text": "\"Scooby-Doo\" and \"Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids\". From 1971 to 1986, CBS News produced a series of one-minute segments titled \"In the News\", which aired between other Saturday morning programs. The \"micro-series\" (as it would be labelled today) had its genesis in a series of animated interstitials produced by CBS and Hanna-Barbera Productions called \"In the Know\", featuring the title characters from Josie and the Pussycats narrating educational news segments tailored for children. This eventually evolved into a more live-action-oriented micro-series. In 1989, the network began branding its Saturday morning block as \"CBS Kid TV\", and incorporated additional programs", "title": "Children's programming on CBS" }, { "id": "289292", "score": "1.5402949", "text": "Ernie Kovacs Show\" (1955–1956), \"The Merv Griffin Show\" (1962–1963), \"Leeza\" (1994–1999) and \"Later Today\" (1999–2000). Children's programming has played a part in NBC's programming since its initial roots in television. NBC's first major children's series, \"Howdy Doody\", debuted in 1947 and was one of the era's first breakthrough television shows. From the mid-1960s until 1992, the bulk of NBC's children's programming was composed of mainly animated programming including classic \"Looney Tunes\" and \"Woody Woodpecker\" shorts; reruns of primetime animated sitcoms such as \"The Flintstones\" and \"The Jetsons\"; foreign acquisitions like \"Astro Boy\" and \"Kimba the White Lion\"; animated adaptions of", "title": "NBC" }, { "id": "1551624", "score": "1.5402415", "text": "Tiswas Tiswas (\"\"Today Is Saturday Watch And Smile\"\") was a children's British television series that originally aired on Saturday mornings from 5 January 1974 to 3 April 1982 and was produced for the ITV network by ATV Network Limited. It was created by ATV continuity announcer Peter Tomlinson (later to become a regular presenter on the show) following a test period in 1973 when he tried out a few competitions and \"daft stuff\" between the programmes. \"Tiswas\" began life as a 'links' strand between many 'filler' programmes, such as cartoons and old films. The popularity of the presenters' links soon", "title": "Tiswas" }, { "id": "10212543", "score": "1.5392306", "text": "Tomorrow's Pioneers Tomorrow's Pioneers ( \"Ruwād al-Ghad\"; also The Pioneers of Tomorrow) is a children's program, broadcast between 2007–09 on the Palestinian Hamas-affiliated television station, Al-Aqsa TV (). The show features young host Saraa Barhoum and her co-host, a large costumed animal as they perform skits (or \"scenes\") and discuss life in Palestine in a talk show fashion with call-ins from children (typically of age 9–13 with some as young as 3). Presented in a children's educational format similar to such shows as \"Sesame Street\" or \"Barney & Friends\", \"Tomorrow's Pioneers\" is highly controversial as it contains antisemitism, Islamism, anti-Americanism,", "title": "Tomorrow's Pioneers" }, { "id": "19973155", "score": "1.5351646", "text": "by the owner of the land where part of the series was filmed. Notably, the series has never been re-broadcast or released on DVD. Children of the North Children of the North is a British television thriller drama series, written by John Hale, that first broadcast on BBC2 on 30 October 1991. The series, comprising four episodes, was based on the novel trilogy \"The Killing of Yesterday’s Children\", \"Lonely the Man Without Heroes\" and \"A Darkness in the Eye\" by author M.S. Power. All four episodes were directed by David Drury, with Chris Parr acting as executive producer. The series", "title": "Children of the North" }, { "id": "11475227", "score": "1.5333791", "text": "declined as the show's length was reduced to 30 minutes, the time slot changed repeatedly, and the station chose to stop running animated programs in the surrounding Saturday-morning hours. \"The Children's Hour\" was cancelled in early 1992 concurrently with Kelley's departure from the local affiliate. The Children's Hour (TV program) The Children's Hour is an American children's television program that aired locally on the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas NBC affiliate, KXAS-TV (known as WBAP-TV when the show premiered), on Sunday mornings. It was a long-running program airing from 1970 to 1999, and was hosted by Bill Kelley for 22 years, taking", "title": "The Children's Hour (TV program)" }, { "id": "6044214", "score": "1.5312071", "text": "For the Children For the Children was a British television programme targeted at children of school age. First broadcast on the BBC Television Service at 3 pm on Saturday 24 April 1937, for its first two years the series was ten minutes in length. Suspended in 1939 along with the rest of BBC Television for the duration of World War II, it returned on 9 June 1946, running on Sunday afternoons and expanded to twenty minutes in length. The series featured a variety of different presenters and acts: story readings, puppet shows, songs. In October 1946 the \"hugely popular\" children's", "title": "For the Children" }, { "id": "3220376", "score": "1.5194733", "text": "took me four hours, he would do in four minutes.\" Carey wrote the lyrics to \"Tomorrow,\" which Rogers sang at the end of each \"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood\" episode until 1972. \"The Children's Corner\" was syndicated on NBC for 39 weeks and won a Sylvania Award in 1955 for the best locally produced children's program in the country. \"The Children's Corner\" debuted puppet characters who would go on to future fame on \"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood\"; characters like King Friday XIII (who would dub four children \"Prince\" or \"Princess\" during the birthday greetings segment of the Children's Corner) and Daniel Striped Tiger,", "title": "Josie Carey" } ]

[ "Nigeria, Chad, the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo", "nigeria chad central african republic equatorial guinea gabon and republic of congo" ]

[ { "id": "67620", "score": "1.5944643", "text": "River (Benue) runs north and west, eventually into the Niger, while the Logone River flows northward into Lake Chad. Some of the borders of Cameroon follow rivers, including the Aïna, Akwayafe, and Ntem or Campo. Location: Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria Geographic coordinates: Map references: Africa Area: <br>\"total:\" <br>\"land:\" <br>\"water:\" Area – comparative: slightly larger than California or Sweden Land boundaries: <br>\"total:\" 5,018 km <br>\"border countries:\" Central African Republic 901 km, Chad 1,116 km, Republic of the Congo 494 km, Equatorial Guinea 183 km, Gabon 349 km, Nigeria 1,975 km Coastline: 402 km", "title": "Geography of Cameroon" }, { "id": "67531", "score": "1.5523198", "text": "Cameroon Cameroon (; ), officially the Republic of Cameroon (), is a country wedged in West and Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state, it geographically and historically is in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Northwest and Southwest Regions having", "title": "Cameroon" }, { "id": "67615", "score": "1.5491724", "text": "Geography of Cameroon At , Cameroon is the world's 54th largest country. It is slightly larger than the nation of Sweden and state of California. It is comparable in size to Papua New Guinea. Cameroon's landmass is , with of water. The country is located in Central and West Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria. Cameroon is sometimes described as \"Africa in miniature\" because it exhibits all the major climates and vegetation of the continent: mountains, desert, rain forest, savanna grassland, and ocean coastland. Cameroon can be divided into five geographic zones. These are distinguished", "title": "Geography of Cameroon" }, { "id": "67563", "score": "1.5385046", "text": "it exhibits all major climates and vegetation of the continent: coast, desert, mountains, rainforest, and savanna. The country's neighbours are Nigeria and the Atlantic Ocean to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon is divided into five major geographic zones distinguished by dominant physical, climatic, and vegetative features. The coastal plain extends inland from the Gulf of Guinea and has an average elevation of . Exceedingly hot and humid with a short dry season, this belt is densely forested and", "title": "Cameroon" }, { "id": "10141456", "score": "1.5370815", "text": "in Cameroon for the conservation and preservation of wild life. Conservation efforts in the Sangha River Tri-national Protected Area are in place in a trans-boundary program sponsored by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) with participation by the Central African Republic, the Congo and the Cameroon. This covers a total area of 2,800,000 ha (6,918,951 acres) encompassing the Dzanga Sangha Special Reserve (the second largest area in the world) in the Central African Republic, which incorporates within its ambit the Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park in the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) and the Lobéké National Park in Cameroon. Appropriate actions are", "title": "Wildlife of Cameroon" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Republic of Cameroon" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of countries and territories by number of land borders" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Federal Republic of Nigeria" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Republic of Senegal" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Central African Republic\n\nThe Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of the Congo to the southwest, and Cameroon to the west.\n\nThe Central African Republic covers a land area of about . , it had an estimated population of around /1e6 round 1 million. , the Central African Republic is the scene of a civil war, ongoing since 2012.\nMost of the Central African Republic consists of Sudano-Guinean savannas, but the country also includes a Sahelo-Sudanian zone in the north and an equatorial forest zone in the south. Two-thirds of the country is within the Ubangi River basin (which flows into the Congo), while the remaining third lies in the basin of the Chari, which flows into Lake Chad.\n\nWhat is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country's current borders were established by France, which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders, including an abortive attempt at a monarchy.\n\nBy the 1990s, calls for democracy led to the first multi-party democratic elections in 1993. Ange-Félix Patassé became president, but was later removed by General François Bozizé in the 2003 coup. The Central African Republic Bush War began in 2004 and, despite a peace treaty in 2007 and another in 2011, civil war resumed in 2012. The civil war perpetuated the country's poor human rights record: it was characterized by widespread and increasing abuses by various participating armed groups, such as arbitrary imprisonment, torture, and restrictions on freedom of the press and freedom of movement.\n\nDespite (or arguably because of) its significant mineral deposits and other resources, such as uranium reserves, crude oil, gold, diamonds, cobalt, lumber, and hydropower, , according to the Human Development Index (HDI), the country had the second-lowest level of human development (only ahead of Niger), ranking 188 out of 189 countries. The country had the lowest inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), ranking 150th out of 150 countries. The Central African Republic is also estimated to be the unhealthiest country as well as the worst country in which to be young.\n\nThe Central African Republic is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of Central African States, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the Non-Aligned Movement. As of December 2022, it is essentially a vassal state controlled by Russia.", "title": "Central African Republic" }, { "id": "67623", "score": "1.5367501", "text": "than any other location. Geography of Cameroon At , Cameroon is the world's 54th largest country. It is slightly larger than the nation of Sweden and state of California. It is comparable in size to Papua New Guinea. Cameroon's landmass is , with of water. The country is located in Central and West Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria. Cameroon is sometimes described as \"Africa in miniature\" because it exhibits all the major climates and vegetation of the continent: mountains, desert, rain forest, savanna grassland, and ocean coastland. Cameroon can be divided into five geographic", "title": "Geography of Cameroon" }, { "id": "67562", "score": "1.5217733", "text": "Traditional healers remain a popular alternative to evidence-based medicine. At , Cameroon is the world's 53rd-largest country. It is slightly larger than the nation of Sweden and the state of California; Cameroon is comparable in size to Papua New Guinea. The country is located in Central and West Africa, known as the hinge of Africa, on the Bight of Bonny, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. Cameroon lies between latitudes 1° and 13°N, and longitudes 8° and 17°E. Cameroon controls 12 nautical miles of the Atlantic Ocean. Tourist literature describes Cameroon as \"Africa in miniature\" because", "title": "Cameroon" }, { "id": "67619", "score": "1.5035672", "text": "places on earth. For example, Debundscha, at the base of Mt. Cameroon, has an average annual rainfall of . The country has four patterns of drainage. In the south, the principal rivers flow southwestward or westward directly to the Gulf of Guinea – the Wouri, and lesser Dibamba, Bimbia and Mungo to the Cameroon estuary near Douala; Sanaga, Nyong, and Ntem further south along the coast; Akwayafe and Manyu (which joins Nigerian Cross), and the lesser Ndian and Meme in the north of coast. The Dja and Kadeï, however, drain southeastward into the Congo River. In northern Cameroon, the Benoué", "title": "Geography of Cameroon" }, { "id": "67621", "score": "1.5013592", "text": "Maritime claims: <br>\"territorial sea:\" Terrain: diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north Elevation extremes: <br>\"lowest point:\" Atlantic Ocean 0 m <br>\"highest point:\" Fako (on. Mt. Cameroon) 4,095 m Natural resources: petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower Land use: <br>\"arable land:\" 13.12% <br>\"permanent crops:\" 3.28% <br>\"other:\" 83.61% (2012) Irrigated land: 256.5 km² (2003) Total renewable water resources: 285.5 km³ (2011) Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): <br>\"total:\" 0.97 km³/yr (23%/10%/68%) <br>\"per capita:\" 58.9 m³/yr (2005) Natural hazards: Recent limnic eruptions with release of carbon dioxide: Environment – current issues: water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing;", "title": "Geography of Cameroon" }, { "id": "67622", "score": "1.5006485", "text": "desertification; poaching; overfishing Environment – international agreements: <br>\"party to:\" Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling <br>\"signed, but not ratified:\" Nuclear Test Ban Geography – note: sometimes referred to as 'the hinge of Africa;' throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano This is a list of the extreme points of Cameroon, the points that are farther north, south, east or west", "title": "Geography of Cameroon" }, { "id": "8081855", "score": "1.4983863", "text": "However, a true four-country point did formerly exist in Africa (excluding Kazungula) – the only known quadricountry borderpoint (not involving condominial territories) – for a period of 8 months during 1960 and 1961, in southern Lake Chad, at the location of the present Cameroon–Chad–Nigeria tripoint. Upon the 1 October 1960 independence of Nigeria, that borderpoint became common to the latter three countries and the territory of Northern Cameroons, which was still governed under United Nations mandate by the United Kingdom, until it was finally integrated into Nigeria on 1 June 1961. This particular geographical multipoint, though notional since 1908, if", "title": "Quadripoint" }, { "id": "6343726", "score": "1.4944211", "text": "Littoral Region (Cameroon) The Littoral Region () is a region of Cameroon. Its capital is Douala. , its population was 3,174,437. Its name is due to the region being largely littoral, and associated with the sea coast. In 2008, the President of the Republic of Cameroon, President Paul Biya signed decrees abolishing \"Provinces\" and replacing them with \"Regions\". Hence, all of the country's ten former provinces are now known as Regions. The region is divided into four departments (\"départements\"): These are in turn broken down into subdivisions. Presidentially appointed senior divisional officers (\"préfets\") and subdivisional officers (\"sous-préfets\") govern each. Traditional", "title": "Littoral Region (Cameroon)" }, { "id": "67532", "score": "1.48088", "text": "a strong West African history. The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa. French and English are the official languages of Cameroon. The country is often referred to as \"Africa in miniature\" for its geological and cultural diversity. Natural features include beaches, deserts, mountains, rainforests, and savannas. The highest point at almost is Mount Cameroon in the Southwest Region of the country, and the largest cities in population-terms are Douala on the Wouri river, its economic capital and main seaport, Yaoundé,", "title": "Cameroon" }, { "id": "10141442", "score": "1.4775379", "text": "Cameroon than other regions of Africa. According to reported statistics, there were ten protected areas from 1932 to 1960. 6 protected areas were added between 1960 and 1980, 5 more were added between 1980 and 2004, and 8 protected areas are under consideration within a final approval process. The protected areas cover of which (81 percent) is part of the border protected area. The distribution of this protected area within Cameroon covers: The Lowland forest zones of Dja () with corridors connecting to the Nki and Minkébé protected areas, the Nki National Park covering with ecological corridors to Dja and", "title": "Wildlife of Cameroon" }, { "id": "12107152", "score": "1.4765174", "text": "Park (1947/1972); the Mozogo-Gokoro National Park (1932/1970); the Benue National Park (1932/1968); the Faro National Park (1932/1980); the Bouba.Ndjida National Park (1947/1968); the Korup National Park (1962/ 1982), the Dja Reserve (1950); the Douala Edea Wild Life Reserve , in the Littoral area (1932); the Lobeke Wild Life Park in 2000; the Campo Wild Life Park (1932/2000); the Kalfou Wild Life Park in 1933; the Lake Ossa Forest Reserve in Littoral zone in 1968; the Kimbi Forest Reserve in 1964; the Santchou Forest reserve in 1968; the Mbi Crater in 1964; the Mengame Game Sanctuary in 2000; the Mbayang Mbo", "title": "Protected areas of Cameroon" }, { "id": "67652", "score": "1.4717251", "text": "Cameroon, Douala is the busiest and most important. Lesser ports include Kribi, used chiefly for the export of wood, and Limbé, used only for palm-oil exports. Garoua, on the Benoué River, is the main river port, but it is active only from July to September. In 2005, Cameroon's merchant fleet consisted of one petroleum tanker, totalling 169,593 GRT. 888 km of oil line (2008) The main international airport is the Douala International Airport and a secondary international airport at Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport. As of May 2014 Cameroon had regular international air connections with nearly every major international airport in", "title": "Transport in Cameroon" }, { "id": "12107125", "score": "1.4627664", "text": "Protected areas of Cameroon Many protected areas in Cameroon are still in pristine condition, mostly because there is less tourism in Cameroon than other regions of Africa. According to reported statistics, there were ten protected areas from 1932 to 1960. Six protected areas were added between 1960 and 1980, five more were added between 1980 and 2004, and eight protected areas are under consideration within a final approval process. There are ten national parks in Cameroon. These are Bénoué National Park, Bouba Njida National Park, Boumba Bek National Park, Campo Ma'an National Park, Faro National Park, Korup National Park, Lobéké", "title": "Protected areas of Cameroon" }, { "id": "67665", "score": "1.4559898", "text": "Human Rights is awaited. In addition to the United Nations, Cameroon is very active in other multilateral organisations or global institutions such as the Francophonie, The Commonwealth, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Group of 77, the Non-Aligned Movement, the African Union and the Economic Community of Central African States. Refugees (country of origin): 20,000-30,000 (Chad); 3,000 (Nigeria); 24,000 (Central African Republic) (2007) Foreign relations of Cameroon Cameroon's noncontentious, low-profile approach to foreign relations puts it squarely in the middle of other African and developing country states on major issues. It supports the principles of non-interference in the affairs of", "title": "Foreign relations of Cameroon" }, { "id": "67535", "score": "1.4558896", "text": "abandoned in 1972. The country was renamed the United Republic of Cameroon in 1972 and the Republic of Cameroon in 1984. Large numbers of Cameroonians live as subsistence farmers. Since 1982 Paul Biya has been President, governing with his Cameroon People's Democratic Movement party. The country has experienced tensions coming from the English-speaking territories. Politicians in the English-speaking regions have advocated for greater decentralisation and even complete separation or independence (as in the Southern Cameroons National Council) from Cameroon. The territory of present-day Cameroon was first settled during the Neolithic Era. The longest continuous inhabitants are groups such as the", "title": "Cameroon" }, { "id": "67595", "score": "1.4501204", "text": "of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights reports that Cameroon Government forces are responsible for killings, the excessive use of force, burning down of houses, arbitrary detentions and torture. UN figures indicate that more than 21,000 people have fled to neighboring countries, while 160,000 have been internally displaced by the violence, many reportedly hiding in forests. On 25 July 2018, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein expressed deep concern about reports of violations and abuses in the English-speaking Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon. Cameroon Cameroon (; ), officially the Republic of Cameroon (),", "title": "Cameroon" } ]

[ "washington university disambiguation", "Washington", "washington united states disambiguation", "washington college disambiguation", "washington cta disambiguation", "Washington, U.S.", "Washington (CTA) (disambiguation)", "washington", "Washington College (disambiguation)", "washington united states", "Washington (disambiguation)", "Washington, United States (disambiguation)", "Washington, USA", "washington amtrak station", "Washington (Amtrak station)", "Washington University (disambiguation)", "washington u s", "washington cta", "washington disambiguation", "Washington, United States", "washington usa", "Washington (CTA)" ]

[ { "id": "8694879", "score": "1.4824044", "text": "that finally permitted the people of Montana to be admitted to the Union after adopting and ratifying a constitution, and the third constitution for the incipient state was written and ratified later that year. It entered into force on November 8, 1889, when Montana became the 41st state admitted to the Union by the Presidential Proclamation of Benjamin Harrison. The 1889 Constitution remained in force until 1972, when a new constitutional convention was held. The 1972 Constitution was adopted by the 100 delegates to the Constitutional Convention on March 22, 1972, and was ratified by the citizens of Montana on", "title": "Constitution of Montana" }, { "id": "1518514", "score": "1.4716563", "text": "34th parallel, became official on February 14, 1862. On February 24, 1863, the New Mexico Territory was split virtually in half with the creation of the Arizona Territory taking the western half. Nevada was admitted to the Union on October 31, 1864, becoming the 36th state. This was followed by the admittance to the Union of Colorado, which became the 38th state on August 1, 1876. Confederate Arizona was short-lived, however. By May 1862 confederate forces had been driven out of the region by union troops. That same month a bill was introduced into the U.S. Congress, and in February", "title": "Southwestern United States" }, { "id": "285610", "score": "1.4697719", "text": "to the Union on November 2, 1889. The rivalry between the two new states presented a dilemma of which was to be admitted first. Harrison directed Secretary of State James G. Blaine to shuffle the papers and obscure from him which he was signing first. The actual order went unrecorded, thus no one knows which of the Dakotas was admitted first. However, since \"North Dakota\" alphabetically appears before \"South Dakota\", its proclamation was published first in the Statutes At Large. Unrest among wheat farmers, especially among Norwegian immigrants, led to a populist political movement centered in the Non Partisan League", "title": "North Dakota" }, { "id": "9428119", "score": "1.4501797", "text": "(among others) Augusta. In late May, the group turned around, stopping at many Revolutionary War battle sites. On June 11, 1791, they arrived back at Mount Vernon. When the federal government began operations under the new form of government in the spring of 1789, two states—North Carolina and Rhode Island—were not yet members of the Union as neither had ratified the Constitution. Both did so while Washington was in office, thereby joining the Union: North Carolina, November 21, 1789; and Rhode Island, May 29, 1790. While North Carolina joined of its own accord, Rhode Island only joined the Union after", "title": "Presidency of George Washington" }, { "id": "284888", "score": "1.4304763", "text": "presidential election of 1864, Nevada became the 36th state in the union. Rather than sending the Nevada State Constitution to Washington DC by Pony Express to save time the full text of the State Constitution was sent by Telegraph at a cost of $3,416.77—the most costly telegraph on file for a single dispatch. Finally the response from Washington DC on October 31, 1864 was \"the pain is over, the child is born, Nevada this day was admitted into the Union\". Statehood was rushed to the date of October 31 to help ensure Abraham Lincoln's reelection on November 8 and post-Civil", "title": "Nevada" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Washington Territory\n\nThe Territory of Washington was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. It was created from the portion of the Oregon Territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel east of the Columbia. At its largest extent, it also included the entirety of modern Idaho and parts of Montana and Wyoming, before attaining its final boundaries in 1863.", "title": "Washington Territory" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "History of Washington (state)\n\nThe history of Washington includes thousands of years of Native American history before Europeans arrived and began to establish territorial claims. The region was part of Oregon Territory from 1848 to 1853, after which it was separated from Oregon and established as Washington Territory following the efforts at the Monticello Convention. On November 11, 1889, Washington became the 42nd state of the United States.", "title": "History of Washington (state)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union\n\nA state of the United States is one of the 50 constituent entities that shares its sovereignty with the federal government. Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside, due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government. Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia use the term \"commonwealth\" rather than \"state\" in their full official names.\n\nStates are the primary subdivisions of the United States. They possess all powers not granted to the federal government, nor prohibited to them by the Constitution of the United States. In general, state governments have the power to regulate issues of local concern, such as regulating intrastate commerce, running elections, creating local governments, public school policy, and non-federal road construction and maintenance. Each state has its own constitution grounded in republican principles, and government consisting of executive, legislative, and judicial branches. \n\nAll states and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each state is represented by two senators, and at least one representative, while the size of a state's House delegation depends on its total population, as determined by the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census. Additionally, each state is entitled to select a number of electors to vote in the Electoral College, the body that elects the President of the United States and Vice President of the United States, equal to the total of representatives and senators in Congress from that state. \n\nArticle IV, Section 3, Clause 1 of the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Each new state has been admitted on an equal footing with the existing states.\n\nThe following table is a list of all 50 states and their respective dates of statehood. The first 13 became states in July 1776 upon agreeing to the United States Declaration of Independence, and each joined the first Union of states between 1777 and 1781, upon ratifying the Articles of Confederation, its first constitution. (A separate table is included below showing AoC ratification dates.) These states are presented in the order in which each ratified the 1787 Constitution and joined the others in the new (and current) federal government. The date of admission listed for each subsequent state is the official date set by Act of Congress.", "title": "List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "United States presidential elections in Washington (state)\n\nFollowing is a table of United States presidential elections in Washington, ordered by year. Since its admission to statehood in 1889, Washington has participated in every U.S. presidential election.\n\nWinners of the state are in bold. The shading refers to the state winner, and not the national winner.\n\n", "title": "United States presidential elections in Washington (state)" }, { "id": "14184474", "score": "1.4054688", "text": "New York over their shared border, and agreed to pay $30,000 in compensation for land grants issued by New York. A Vermont convention voted by an overwhelming landslide in favor of a petition for statehood on January 6, 1791. President George Washington presented the petition to the United States Congress on February 9, and signed the passed legislation on February 18, making Vermont the first new state to join the Union formed by the original thirteen, as of March 4. Vermont celebrated its statehood in Rutland on March 8, 1791. Haldimand Affair The Haldimand Affair (also called the Haldimand or", "title": "Haldimand Affair" }, { "id": "14439550", "score": "1.3996177", "text": "Lucas governor of the territory, which at the time had 22 counties and a population of 23,242. Almost immediately after achieving territorial status, a clamor arose for statehood. On December 28, 1846, Iowa became the 29th state in the Union when President James K. Polk signed Iowa's admission bill into law. Once admitted to the Union, the state's boundary issues resolved, and most of its land purchased from the Indians, Iowa set its direction to development and organized campaigns for settlers and investors, boasting the young frontier state's rich farmlands, fine citizens, free and open society, and good government. Iowa", "title": "Iowa" }, { "id": "2582561", "score": "1.3996016", "text": "territory (in present-day Wyoming) was sent to Nebraska Territory on March 2, 1861. In 1863, the area of Washington Territory east of the Snake River and the 117th meridian was reorganized as part of the newly created Idaho Territory, leaving the territory within the current boundaries of Washington State, which was admitted to the Union on November 11, 1889 as the 42nd US state. On choosing capitol: When choosing the location of a state's capitol multiple factors must be accounted for, including but not limited to, population growth and density, and accounting for other cities and towns in the area.", "title": "Washington Territory" }, { "id": "158996", "score": "1.3982729", "text": "again, but he declined to be nominated. Instead, Cleveland nominated Rufus Wheeler Peckham, the brother of Wheeler Hazard Peckham, and the Senate confirmed the second Peckham easily. No new states were admitted to the Union during Cleveland's first term. On February 22, 1889, days before leaving office, the 50th Congress passed the Enabling Act of 1889, authorizing North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and Washington to form state governments and to gain admission to the Union. All four officially became states in November 1889, during the first year of Benjamin Harrison's administration. During his second term, the 53rd United States Congress", "title": "Grover Cleveland" }, { "id": "2835160", "score": "1.3939288", "text": "of 105 to 2. Vermont was admitted to the Union by 1 Stat. 191 on March 4, 1791. Vermont's admission act is the shortest of all state admissions, and Vermont is \"the only state admitted without conditions of any kind, either those prescribed by the congress or the state from which it was carved.\" March 4 is celebrated in Vermont as Vermont Day. Vermont's admission to the Union in 1791 was in part as a free state counterweight to Kentucky, which joined as a slave state shortly after Vermont. The North, the smaller states, and states concerned about the impact", "title": "Vermont Republic" }, { "id": "225791", "score": "1.3902141", "text": "development, Congress thought that it would be \"unadvisable\" to admit Kentucky into the Union, as it could do so \"under the Articles of Confederation\" only, but not \"under the Constitution\", and so declined to take action. On December 18, 1789, Virginia again gave its consent to Kentucky statehood. The United States Congress gave its approval on February 4, 1791. (This occurred two weeks before Congress approved Vermont's petition for statehood.) Kentucky officially became the fifteenth state in the Union on June 1, 1792. Isaac Shelby, a military veteran from Virginia, was elected its first Governor. Central Kentucky, the bluegrass region,", "title": "Kentucky" }, { "id": "2575277", "score": "1.3870736", "text": "delivered to Pickering by future governor Joseph McMinn. Blount and William Cocke were chosen as the state's U.S. Senators, and Andrew Jackson was elected the state's representative. As the Southwest Territory was the first federal territory to petition to join the Union, there was confusion in Congress about how to proceed. Nonetheless, Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796, as the 16th state. The Southwest Territory was governed under an act of Congress, \"An Act for the Government of the Territory of the United States, South of the River Ohio\" (Southwest Ordinance), passed May 26, 1791. This", "title": "Southwest Territory" }, { "id": "17936086", "score": "1.3845778", "text": "March 4, 1941. The vignette pictures the State Capitol at Montpelier. After a brief period of independence, Vermont became the 14th state to enter the Union. Ohio commemorated its 150th anniversary on a 3-cent stamp issued March 2, 1953. The central design features the state seal imposed on a map outline of the state. Sixteen stars in the left and right borders represent states admitted previously; a seventeenth star in the top center represents Ohio, and a buckeye leaf appears in the lower left. Indiana statehood was commemorated at its 150th anniversary with a 5-cent stamp on April 16, 1966.", "title": "Territories of the United States on stamps" }, { "id": "19768054", "score": "1.3818462", "text": "Washington to draft constitutions and form state governments and to request admission to the Union. All four did, and each officially became states in November 1889, during the first year of Benjamin Harrison's administration. Midway through his second term, July 16, 1894, the 53rd United States Congress passed an act that permitted Utah to form a constitution and state government, and to apply for statehood. On January 4, 1896, Cleveland proclaimed Utah a state on an equal footing with the other states of the Union. According to historian Henry Graff, Cleveland reasserted the power of the executive branch, but his", "title": "Presidencies of Grover Cleveland" }, { "id": "2679155", "score": "1.3748531", "text": "separated from Virginia and became part of the Union during the war, on June 20, 1863. Nevada also joined the Union during the war, becoming a state on October 31, 1864. The Union controlled territories in April 1861 were: The Indian Territory saw its own civil war, as the major tribes held slaves and endorsed the Confederacy. Union (American Civil War) During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of President Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states, as well as 4", "title": "Union (American Civil War)" }, { "id": "11228809", "score": "1.3705353", "text": "Without any such constitutional issues, New Mexico joined the union as the 47th state on January 6, 1912. After Arizona wrote a new constitution removing the power to recall judges, Taft signed a bill admitting Arizona on February 14, 1912. Taft made it a priority to restructure the State Department, noting, \"it is organized on the basis of the needs of the government in 1800 instead of 1900.\" The Department was for the first time organized into geographical divisions, including desks for the Far East, Latin America and Western Europe. The department's first in-service training program was established, and appointees", "title": "Presidency of William Howard Taft" }, { "id": "2835159", "score": "1.3702123", "text": "leaving those to be decided later by a federal court. On October 7, the commissioners proclaimed the negotiations successfully concluded with an agreement that Vermont would pay $30,000 to New York to be distributed among New Yorkers who claimed land in Vermont under New York land patents. The Vermont General Assembly then authorized a convention to consider an application for admittance to the \"Union of the United States of America\". The convention met at Bennington, on January 6, 1791. On January 10, 1791 the convention approved a resolution to make an application to join the United States by a vote", "title": "Vermont Republic" }, { "id": "5968505", "score": "1.3673102", "text": "in 1957, Vermont (1791), Texas (1846), and California (1848) all were annexed by the United States of America, and Crimea was annexed into the Russian Federation in 2014. The unification of Italy involved a mixture of unions. The kingdom consolidated around the Kingdom of Sardinia, with which several states voluntarily united to form the Kingdom of Italy. Others polities, such as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Papal States, were conquered and annexed. Formally, the union in each territory was sanctioned by a popular referendum where people were formally asked if they agreed to have as their new", "title": "Political union" }, { "id": "2596253", "score": "1.3642198", "text": "the long delay of 46 years between the organization of the territory and its admission to the Union in 1896 as the State of Utah, long after the admission of territories created after it. In contrast, the Nevada Territory, although more sparsely populated, was admitted to the Union in 1864, only three years after its formation, largely as a consequence of the Union's desire to consolidate its hold on the silver mines in the territory. Colorado was admitted in 1876. Utah Territory The Territory of Utah was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from September 9,", "title": "Utah Territory" }, { "id": "4749805", "score": "1.3631263", "text": "In January 1791, a convention called by the state of Vermont ratified the Constitution of the United States, declaring that it would be part of the law of Vermont as soon as Congress admitted that state. On 18 February 1791, Congress decided to admit Vermont to the Union two weeks later on 4 March. In the battle over the ratification of the United States Constitution in 1787–1788, Governor George Clinton in Albany, wishing to preserve his power, led the local Anti-Federalists in opposition, with support for the Constitution coming from Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists, who were largely urbanites and", "title": "Partition and secession in New York" } ]

[ "Paraskavedekatriaphobe", "Friday The Thirteenth", "Friday the Thirteenth", "Tuesday the 13th", "paraskevidekatriaphobia", "Friday the 13th", "Paraskavedekatriaphobia", "paraskavedekatriaphobe", "Friday 13", "paraskevidekatriaphobe", "Friday the thirteenth", "paraskavedekatriaphobia", "friday 13th", "Paraskevidekatriaphobe", "paraskavidekatriaphobia", "paraskevidekatriaphobics", "Paraskavidekatriaphobia", "Friggatriskaidekaphobia", "friday 13", "friggatriskaidekaphobia", "Paraskevidekatriaphobics", "paraskevidekatriaphobic", "Friday the 13", "Friday 13th", "tuesday 13th", "Friday The 13th", "Paraskevidekatriaphobic", "friday thirteenth", "Paraskevidekatriaphobia" ]

[ { "id": "477034", "score": "2.142341", "text": "Triskaidekaphobia Triskaidekaphobia ( , ; ) is fear or avoidance of the number . It is also a reason for the fear of Friday the 13th, called \"paraskevidekatriaphobia\" () or \"friggatriskaidekaphobia\" (after Frigg, the Norse goddess after whom Friday is named in English). The term was used as early as in 1910 by Isador Coriat in \"Abnormal Psychology\". From the 1890s, a number of English language sources relate the \"unlucky\" thirteen to an idea that at the Last Supper, Judas, the disciple who betrayed Jesus, was the 13th to sit at the table. The Bible says nothing about the order", "title": "Triskaidekaphobia" }, { "id": "477045", "score": "1.9916494", "text": "was STS-107. The actual mission STS-113 was successful, and had actually launched earlier due to the nature of the launch manifest. Triskaidekaphobia Triskaidekaphobia ( , ; ) is fear or avoidance of the number . It is also a reason for the fear of Friday the 13th, called \"paraskevidekatriaphobia\" () or \"friggatriskaidekaphobia\" (after Frigg, the Norse goddess after whom Friday is named in English). The term was used as early as in 1910 by Isador Coriat in \"Abnormal Psychology\". From the 1890s, a number of English language sources relate the \"unlucky\" thirteen to an idea that at the Last Supper,", "title": "Triskaidekaphobia" }, { "id": "2604122", "score": "1.7511091", "text": "Astraphobia Astraphobia, also known as astrapophobia, brontophobia, keraunophobia, or tonitrophobia is an abnormal fear of thunder and lightning, a type of specific phobia. It is a treatable phobia that both humans and animals can develop. The term astraphobia is composed of the words ἀστραπή (astrape; lightning) and φόβος (phobos; fear). A person with astraphobia will often feel anxious during a thunderstorm even when they understand that the threat to them is minimal. Some symptoms are those accompanied with many phobias, such as trembling, crying, sweating, panicked reactions, the sudden feeling of using the bathroom, nausea, the feeling of dread, insertion", "title": "Astraphobia" }, { "id": "2822117", "score": "1.6628656", "text": "Ergophobia Ergophobia, ergasiophobia or ponophobia is an abnormal and persistent fear of work (manual labor, non-manual labour, etc.) or fear of finding employment. It may be a form of social phobia or performance anxiety. People with ergophobia experience undue anxiety about the workplace environment even though they realize their fear is irrational. Their fear may actually be a combination of fears, such as fear of failing at assigned tasks, speaking before groups at work (both of which are types of performance anxiety), socializing with co-workers (a type of social phobia), and other fears of emotional, psychological and/or physiological injuries. The", "title": "Ergophobia" }, { "id": "17853567", "score": "1.6526992", "text": "stand in front of a fan, or making the patient face their fears in a safe environment. With the use of hypnotherapy, the subconscious mind of a person can be reached, potentially eliminating those fears. Ancraophobia Ancraophobia, also known as anemophobia, is an extreme fear of wind or drafts. It is rather uncommon, and can be treated. It has many different effects on the human brain. It can cause panic attacks for those who have the fear, and can make people miss out on regular everyday activities such as going outside. No one is born with a fear of the", "title": "Ancraophobia" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Triskaidekaphobia\n\nTriskaidekaphobia ( , ; ) is fear or avoidance of the number . It is also a reason for the fear of Friday the 13th, called \"paraskevidekatriaphobia\" () or \"friggatriskaidekaphobia\" ().\n\nThe term was used as early as in 1910 by Isador Coriat in \"Abnormal Psychology\".", "title": "Triskaidekaphobia" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "friggatriskaidekaphobia - Wiktionary, the free dictionary" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Friday the 13th\n\nFriday the 13th is considered an unlucky day in Western superstition. It occurs when the 13th day of the month in the Gregorian calendar falls on a Friday, which happens at least once every year but can occur up to three times in the same year. For example, 2015 had a Friday the 13th in February, March, and November; 2017 through 2020 had two Friday the 13ths each; 2016, 2021 and 2022 had just one occurrence of Friday the 13th each; 2023 and 2024 will have two Friday the 13ths each.<ref name=Fri-13-months-days-TaD>\n</ref>\n\nFriday the 13th occurs in any month that begins on a Sunday.", "title": "Friday the 13th" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Friday the 13th (disambiguation)\n\nFriday the 13th is an unlucky day in western superstition.\n\nFriday the 13th may also refer to:\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "Friday the 13th (disambiguation)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Isador Coriat\n\nIsador Henry Coriat (December 10, 1875 – May 26, 1943) was an American psychiatrist and neurologist of Moroccan-Jewish descent. He was one of the first American psychoanalysts.", "title": "Isador Coriat" }, { "id": "9447838", "score": "1.6412687", "text": "per se, but rather internal dreadful sensations similar to psychological symptoms of panic attacks. The psychological state of the mind creates an anxious response that has itself a conditioned stimuli leading to further anxiety, resulting in a vicious cycle. Phobophobia is a fear experienced before actually experiencing the fear of the feared phobias its somatic sensations that precede it, which is preceded by generalized anxiety disorders and can generate panic attacks. Like all the phobias, the patients avoids the feared phobia in order to avoid the fear of it. The word \"phobophobia\" is an English adaptation of the Greek φόβος,", "title": "Phobophobia" }, { "id": "17853562", "score": "1.6179297", "text": "Ancraophobia Ancraophobia, also known as anemophobia, is an extreme fear of wind or drafts. It is rather uncommon, and can be treated. It has many different effects on the human brain. It can cause panic attacks for those who have the fear, and can make people miss out on regular everyday activities such as going outside. No one is born with a fear of the wind. This mental disorder is most commonly the result of psychological trauma caused by a negative experience with wind in the afflicted person's past. The experience may be remembered, or it may be \"imprinted\" on", "title": "Ancraophobia" }, { "id": "9447836", "score": "1.6097784", "text": "Phobophobia Phobophobia is the fear of phobia(s) and, more specifically, of the internal sensations associated with that phobia and anxiety, which binds it closely to other anxiety disorders, especially with generalized anxiety disorders (free floating fears) and panic attacks. It is a condition in which anxiety disorders are maintained in an extended way, which combined with the psychological fear generated by phobophobia of encountering the feared phobia would ultimately lead to the intensifying of the effects of the feared phobia that the patient might have developed, such as agoraphobia, and specially with it, and making them susceptible to having an", "title": "Phobophobia" }, { "id": "7815895", "score": "1.5919635", "text": "(from σκότος – \"darkness\"), or lygophobia (from λυγή – \"twilight\"). Some researchers, beginning with Sigmund Freud, consider the fear of the dark to be a manifestation of separation anxiety disorder. An alternate theory was posited in the 1960s, when scientists conducted experiments in a search for molecules responsible for memory. In one experiment, rats, normally nocturnal animals, were conditioned to fear the dark and a substance called \"scotophobin\" was supposedly extracted from the rats' brains; this substance was claimed to be responsible for remembering this fear. These findings were subsequently debunked. Nyctophobia is a phobia characterized by a severe fear", "title": "Fear of the dark" }, { "id": "2877685", "score": "1.5894707", "text": "Panphobia Panphobia, omniphobia, pantophobia, or panophobia is a vague and persistent dread of some unknown evil. Panphobia is not registered as a type of phobia in medical references. The term \"panphobia\" was first coined by Théodule-Armand Ribot in his 1911 work \"The Psychology of the Emotions\". He defined it as \"a state in which a patient fears everything or nothing, where anxiety, instead of being riveted on one object, floats as in a dream, and only becomes fixed for an instant at a time, passing from one object to another, as circumstances may determine.\" The term comes from the Greek", "title": "Panphobia" }, { "id": "2877681", "score": "1.5894707", "text": "Panphobia Panphobia, omniphobia, pantophobia, or panophobia is a vague and persistent dread of some unknown evil. Panphobia is not registered as a type of phobia in medical references. The term \"panphobia\" was first coined by Théodule-Armand Ribot in his 1911 work \"The Psychology of the Emotions\". He defined it as \"a state in which a patient fears everything or nothing, where anxiety, instead of being riveted on one object, floats as in a dream, and only becomes fixed for an instant at a time, passing from one object to another, as circumstances may determine.\" The term comes from the Greek", "title": "Panphobia" }, { "id": "17853563", "score": "1.5795386", "text": "the subconscious mind of the traumatized person. People who suffer from this phobia tend to be frightened by changes in the weather, such as storms. They are likely to believe that the wind has the potential to kill and destroy. Additionally, they avoid things that remind them of wind, like ocean waves. Ancraophobia is also related to terms like aeroacrophobia, which is the fear of open high places, and anemophobia which is the fear of air drafts. The level of fear as well as other symptoms will vary between individuals. There are four general types of symptoms: psychological, physical, mental", "title": "Ancraophobia" }, { "id": "6690295", "score": "1.5761533", "text": "Genophobia Genophobia or coitophobia is the physical or psychological fear of sexual relations or sexual intercourse. The word comes from the Greek nouns γένος \"genos\", meaning \"offspring\", and φόβος \"phobos\", meaning \"fear\". This word is also formed from the Greek noun \"phobos\" and the term coitus, referring to the act of copulation in which a male reproductive organ penetrates a female reproductive tract. The term erotophobia can also be used when describing genophobia. It comes from the name of the Greek god of erotic love, Eros. Genophobia can induce panic and fear in individuals, much like panic attacks. People who", "title": "Genophobia" }, { "id": "135267", "score": "1.5733459", "text": "which in extreme cases of fear (horror and terror) can be a freeze response or paralysis. In humans and animals, fear is modulated by the process of cognition and learning. Thus fear is judged as rational or appropriate and irrational or inappropriate. An irrational fear is called a phobia. Psychologists such as John B. Watson, Robert Plutchik, and Paul Ekman have suggested that there is only a small set of basic or innate emotions and that fear is one of them. This hypothesized set includes such emotions as acute stress reaction, anger, angst, anxiety, fright, horror, joy, panic, and sadness.", "title": "Fear" }, { "id": "6760606", "score": "1.5720887", "text": "injections or hypodermic needles. Not to be confused with similar condition (Avoidance behavior) the Visual looming syndrome, where the patient does not fear sharp items, but feels pain or discomfort at gazing upon sharp objects nearby. Aichmophobia Aichmophobia () is a kind of specific phobia, the morbid fear of sharp things, such as pencils, needles, knives, a pointing finger, or even the sharp end of an umbrella and different sorts of protruding corners or sharp edges in furnitures and building constructions/materials. It is derived from the Greek \"aichmē\" (point) and \"phobos\" (fear). This fear may also be referred to as", "title": "Aichmophobia" }, { "id": "16817035", "score": "1.5699539", "text": "Trypophobia Trypophobia is an aversion to the sight of irregular patterns or clusters of small holes, or bumps. It is not officially recognized as a mental disorder, but may fall under the broad category of specific phobia if fear is involved and the fear is excessive and distressing. People may express only disgust or both fear and disgust to trypophobic imagery. The understanding of trypophobia is limited. Although few studies have been done on trypophobia, researchers hypothesize that it is the result of a biological revulsion that associates trypophobic shapes with danger or disease, and may therefore have an evolutionary", "title": "Trypophobia" }, { "id": "9129438", "score": "1.56826", "text": "\"fear\". Mysophobia Mysophobia, also known as verminophobia, germophobia, germaphobia, bacillophobia and bacteriophobia, is a pathological fear of contamination and germs. The term was coined by William A. Hammond in 1879 when describing a case of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibited in repeatedly washing one's hands. Mysophobia has long been related to compulsive hand washing. Names pertaining directly to the abnormal fear of dirt and filth include molysmophobia or molysomophobia, rhypophobia, and rupophobia, whereas the terms bacillophobia and bacteriophobia specifically refer to the fear of bacteria and microbes in general. The term \"mysophobia\" comes from the Greek μύσος (\"musos\"), \"uncleanness\" and φόβος", "title": "Mysophobia" }, { "id": "13467679", "score": "1.5597014", "text": "element\" (or \"yin\"). Frigophobia is defined as a persistent, abnormal, and unwarranted fear of coldness despite conscious understanding by the phobic individual and reassurance by others that there is no danger. It is also known as cheimaphobia or cheimatophobia. In China, frigophobia is known as \"weihanzheng\" (畏寒症, lit. \"coldness-fearing syndrome\"). From the standpoint of traditional Chinese beliefs, the disorder is highly influenced by an imbalance of yin (the female element) and yang (the male element). Chinese traditional beliefs also states that working women are particularly susceptible to frigophobia, triggered by a combination of stress, menopause, pregnancy and other disorders such", "title": "Frigophobia" }, { "id": "477352", "score": "1.5575079", "text": "one occurrence each. A Friday the 13th occurs during any month that begins on a Sunday. The fear of the number 13 has been given a scientific name: \"triskaidekaphobia\"; and on analogy to this the fear of Friday the 13th is called \"paraskevidekatriaphobia\", from the Greek words \"Paraskeví\" (Παρασκευή, meaning \"Friday\"), and \"dekatreís\" (δεκατρείς, meaning \"thirteen\"). The superstition surrounding this day may have arisen in the Middle Ages, \"originating from the story of Jesus' last supper and crucifixion\" in which there were 13 individuals present in the Upper Room on the 13th of Nisan Maundy Thursday, the night before his", "title": "Friday the 13th" }, { "id": "2822128", "score": "1.5574621", "text": "An example of such a mental-health-initiatives led by the private sphere, is the Canadian campaign, Bell Let’s Talk. Such worldwide and pervasive initiatives may, however, lead to misdiagnosis. As the fear of work itself is such a general catchall term, many may believe that they suffer from ergophobia when in fact the root issue is a plethora of other mental health issues such as Generalized Anxiety Disorder or social anxiety disorder. Ergophobia Ergophobia, ergasiophobia or ponophobia is an abnormal and persistent fear of work (manual labor, non-manual labour, etc.) or fear of finding employment. It may be a form of", "title": "Ergophobia" } ]

[ "u s marien corps", "U.S. Marine", "u s marine", "US Marines", "United States marine corp", "American Marines", "Us marines", "Former Marine", "leatherneck com", "us marines corps", "united states marine", "member of united states marine corp", "Improvise, adapt and overcome", "united states marien corps", "U.S Marine Corps", "marine on line", "United States Marines", "United States Marines Corps", "US Marien Corps", "US Marine Corp", "United States Marines Corp", "US marine", "United States Marien Corps", "american marine corps", "us marien corps", "us marine corp", "United States of America Marine Corps", "gyrene", "US marines", "United States Marine Corp", "usa marines", "marine online", "USA Marine Corps", "u s marines", "marine corps grunt", "united states marines corps", "U. S. Marine Corps", "Usmc", "united states marine corps", "united states marines corp", "U.S. Marine Corps", "Gyrene", "us marine corps", "U.S. Marien Corps", "The United States Marine Corps", "United States Marine Corps", "Us marines corps", "u s marine corps", "America's Marines", "united states marines", "Adapt Improvise Overcome", "Marine corps grunt", "u s m c", "Us Marine", "Member of The United States Marine Corp", "usamc", "US Marine Corps", "marines mil", "Marine Corps of the United States", "Marine On-Line", "U S Marine Corps", "marine corps order", "united states of america marine corps", "usmc", "american marines", "Marines.mil", "USMC", "former marine", "Marine Corps Order", "U.s. marines", "america s marines", "U.S. Marines", "United States Marine", "us marines", "Leatherneck.com", "marine corps of united states", "USAMC", "usa marine corps", "Us marine corps", "adapt improvise overcome", "U.S.M.C.", "Marine online", "united states marine corp", "American Marine Corps", "improvise adapt and overcome", "U.S. marines", "United States Marine corps", "USA Marines", "US Marine", "us marine" ]

[ { "id": "7944832", "score": "1.7385807", "text": "The first meeting of the Associators occurred on 21 November 1747, and on 7 Dec. 1747, the enlistees and officers were formally commissioned by the Provincial Council President, Anthony Palmer. On that day, hundreds of armed Associators presented themselves to Palmer at the Philadelphia Courthouse. Official National Guard webpages state that 'he wisely stated their activities were \"not disapproved\" and duly commissioned all of them.' Only in 1755 did this volunteer militia gain official status. On November 25, 1755, the Pennsylvania Assembly passed the Militia Act of 1755. This measure 'legalized a military force from those who were willing and", "title": "Pennsylvania Army National Guard" }, { "id": "5487893", "score": "1.7175114", "text": "hundred Rhode Islanders commanded by Captain Nicholas. Each year on November 10, U.S. Marines worldwide toast the memory of this colonial inn as the officially-acknowledged birthplace of their service branch. The earliest marines were deployed aboard Continental Congress Navy vessels as sharpshooters because they were typically recruited as outstanding marksmen. The early history of Lodge No. 2 is the history of Freemasonry in Pennsylvania and in fact all of America. In 1781, near the end of the American Revolution, Tun Tavern burned down. Its former structure stood at a location now occupied by Interstate 95, where it passes Penn's Landing.", "title": "Tun Tavern" }, { "id": "441004", "score": "1.7126769", "text": "date. The Marine Corps has recognized its observed birth date on a more consistent basis. The Second Continental Congress is considered to have established the Navy on 13 October 1775 by authorizing the purchase of ships, but did not actually pass the \"Rules for the Regulation of the Navy of the United Colonies\" until 27 November 1775. The Marine Corps was established by act of said Congress on 10 November 1775. The Navy did not officially recognize 13 October 1775 as its birth date until 1972, when then–Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Elmo Zumwalt authorized it to be observed as", "title": "United States Armed Forces" }, { "id": "5057592", "score": "1.7035967", "text": "2,000 enlisted Colonial Marines. Though individual marines were enlisted for the few American naval vessels, the organization would not be re-created until 1798. Despite the gap between the disbanding of the Continental Marines and the current organization, the United States Marine Corps celebrates November 10, 1775 as its birthday. In accordance with the Continental Marine Act of 1775, the 2nd Continental Congress decreed: These two battalions were initially intended be drawn from George Washington's army for the planned invasion of Halifax, Nova Scotia, the main British reinforcement and supply point. In reality only one battalion was formed by December, with", "title": "Continental Marines" }, { "id": "2489085", "score": "1.694205", "text": "being sold by the future General John Glover of Marblehead, Massachusetts. The United States Navy recognizes October 13, 1775 as the date of its official establishment, the passage of the resolution of the Continental Congress at Philadelphia that created the Continental Navy. On this day, Congress authorized the purchase of two vessels to be armed for a cruise against British merchant ships; these ships became and . The first ship in commission was the which was purchased on November 4 and commissioned on December 3 by Captain Dudley Saltonstall. On November 10, 1775, the Continental Congress passed a resolution calling", "title": "Continental Navy" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Tun Tavern\n\nTun Tavern was a tavern and brewery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which was a founding or early meeting place for a number of notable groups. It is traditionally regarded as the site where what became the United States Marine Corps held its first recruitment drive during the American Revolution. It is also regarded as one of the \"birthplaces of Masonic teachings in America\".", "title": "Tun Tavern" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "United States Marine Corps birthday\n\nThe United States Marine Corps Birthday is an American holiday celebrated every year on 10 November with a traditional ball and cake-cutting ceremony. On that day in 1775, the Continental Marines were established.", "title": "United States Marine Corps birthday" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Continental Marines\n\nThe Continental Marines were the amphibious infantry of the American Colonies (and later the United States) during the American Revolutionary War. The Corps was formed by the Continental Congress on November 10, 1775 and was disbanded in 1783. Their mission was multi-purpose, but their most important duty was to serve as onboard security forces, protecting the captain of a ship and his officers. During naval engagements, in addition to manning the cannons along with the crew of the ship, Marine sharpshooters were stationed in the fighting tops of a ship's masts specifically to shoot the opponent's officers, naval gunners, and helmsmen.\n\nIn all, there were 131 Colonial Marine officers and probably no more than 2,000 enlisted Colonial Marines. Though individual Marines were enlisted for the few U.S. Naval vessels, the organization would not be re-created until 1798. Despite the gap between the disbanding of the Continental Marines and the current organization, the Continental Marines' successor, U.S. Marine Corps, marks November 10, 1775 as its inception.", "title": "Continental Marines" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Samuel Nicholas\n\nSamuel Nicholas (1744 – 27 August 1790) was the first officer commissioned in the United States Continental Marines (predecessor to the United States Marine Corps) and by tradition is considered to be the first Commandant of the Marine Corps.", "title": "Samuel Nicholas" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "History of the United States Marine Corps" }, { "id": "2889", "score": "1.6825438", "text": "Continental Army, formed by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775. The United States Navy recognizes October 13, 1775 as the date of its official establishment, the passage of the resolution of the Continental Congress at Philadelphia that created the Continental Navy. The United States Marine Corps links to the Continental Marines of the war, formed by a resolution of the Continental Congress on November 10, 1775. However, in 1783 both the Continental Navy and Continental Marines were disbanded. At the beginning of 1776, Washington commanded 20,000 men, with two-thirds enlisted in the Continental Army and the", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "id": "16247302", "score": "1.6792121", "text": "the City of Philadelphia, which was organized on November 17, 1774. Most of the members of the Philadelphia Light Horse were prominent members of many of Philadelphia’s elite social organizations, including the Schuylkill Fishing Company, the Schuylkill Company of Fort St. Davids, the St. Andrew’s Society of Philadelphia, the Society of Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, the Sons of St. George and the Gloucester Fox Hunting Club. Indeed, the short dark brown coats, faced and lined with white, and the “round black hats bound with silver cord and buck’s tail” worn by the Troopers during the Revolutionary War were similar", "title": "Army National Guard and Active Regular Army Units with Colonial Roots" }, { "id": "8336788", "score": "1.675833", "text": "U.S. Army Birthdays The U.S. Army was founded on June 14, 1775, when the Continental Congress authorized enlistment of riflemen to serve the United Colonies for one year. The 14 June date is when Congress adopted \"the American continental army\" after reaching a consensus position in The Committee of the Whole. This procedure and the desire for secrecy account for the sparseness of the official journal entries for the day. The record indicates only that Congress undertook to raise ten companies of riflemen, approved an enlistment form for them, and appointed a committee (including Washington and Schuyler) to draft rules", "title": "U.S. Army Birthdays" }, { "id": "8336821", "score": "1.6600782", "text": "ranging from host-guest relationships to the assumption of executive, legislative, and judicial processes in occupied or liberated areas. U.S. Army Birthdays The U.S. Army was founded on June 14, 1775, when the Continental Congress authorized enlistment of riflemen to serve the United Colonies for one year. The 14 June date is when Congress adopted \"the American continental army\" after reaching a consensus position in The Committee of the Whole. This procedure and the desire for secrecy account for the sparseness of the official journal entries for the day. The record indicates only that Congress undertook to raise ten companies of", "title": "U.S. Army Birthdays" }, { "id": "5487892", "score": "1.6549557", "text": "meeting of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and the Continental Congress. According to tradition, Tun Tavern was where the United States Marines held their first recruitment drive. On November 10, 1775, the Second Continental Congress commissioned the innkeeper and former Quaker Samuel Nicholas to raise two battalions of marines in Philadelphia. The tavern’s manager, Robert Mullan, was the \"chief Marine Recruiter\". Though legend places its first recruiting post at Tun Tavern, the historian Edwin Simmons surmises that it was more likely the Conestoga Waggon , a tavern owned by the Nicholas family. The first Continental Marine company was composed of one", "title": "Tun Tavern" }, { "id": "5336694", "score": "1.6544425", "text": "boycott British goods (the Continental Association) starting December 1, 1774 and provided for a Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia. On May 10, 1775, the Second Continental Congress assembled at the Pennsylvania State House after the Battles of Lexington and Concord marked the beginning of the American Revolutionary War. Congress adopted the Olive Branch Petition in July 1775, which affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated King George III to prevent further conflict. The petition was rejected—in August 1775, the King's Proclamation of Rebellion formally declared the colonies to be in a state of rebellion. In February 1776, colonists received", "title": "Independence National Historical Park" }, { "id": "440964", "score": "1.6504139", "text": "the creation of the Continental Army, even before the Declaration of Independence marked the establishment of the United States. The Continental Navy, established on 13 October 1775, and Continental Marines, established on 10 November 1775, were created in close succession by the Second Continental Congress in order to defend the new nation against the British Empire in the American Revolutionary War. These forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. The Congress of the Confederation created the current United States Army on 3 June 1784. The United States Congress created the current United States", "title": "United States Armed Forces" }, { "id": "16247280", "score": "1.6500441", "text": "indicates Confederate service during the Civil War, while the blue portion commemorates post-Civil War service in the blue uniform of the U.S. Army. The fleur-de-lis indicates service in France during World War I. Revolutionary War Campaigns: Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown The 111th Infantry traces its origins to the Associators, founded on November 21, 1747, at Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin. Because of the pacifism of the Quakers who controlled the Pennsylvania Colony since its founding it 1681, Pennsylvania was the only colony that did not have a militia tradition. However, during King George's War (1744–1748), Philadelphia was threatened by French privateers", "title": "Army National Guard and Active Regular Army Units with Colonial Roots" }, { "id": "12044301", "score": "1.6320581", "text": "however. On December 27, 1776, the Continental Congress gave Washington temporary control over certain military decisions that the Congress ordinarily regarded as its own prerogative. These \"dictatorial powers\" included the authority to raise sixteen additional Continental infantry regiments at large. Early in 1777, Washington offered command of one of these additional regiments to Thomas Hartley of Pennsylvania, who accepted. Hartley had formerly been lieutenant colonel of the 6th Pennsylvania Battalion. Hartley's Additional Continental Regiment was allotted to the Pennsylvania Line on March 27, 1778. On January 13, 1779, it absorbed Patton's Regiment and was designated the 11th Pennsylvania Regiment. The", "title": "Pennsylvania Line" }, { "id": "5484426", "score": "1.6301601", "text": "appropriations and presidential leadership as commander in chief of the regular forces and of the militia when called into federal service. On June 3, 1784, the day after the Continental Army was reduced to 80 men, the Congress established a regiment which was to be raised and officered by obtaining volunteers from the militia of four of the states. This unit, the First American Regiment was commanded until 1 January 1792 by Josiah Harmar of Pennsylvania, gradually turned into a Regular regiment known as the 1st Infantry in 1791, and in 1815 was it redesignated as the 3d Infantry in", "title": "Regular Army (United States)" }, { "id": "8336811", "score": "1.6267703", "text": "in June 1775. The Finance Department was created by law on 1 July 1920. It became the Finance Corps in 1950. The Quartermaster Corps, originally designated the Quartermaster Department, was established on 16 June 1775. While numerous additions, deletions, and changes of function have occurred, its basic supply and service support functions have continued in existence. The Continental Congress unanimously elected Henry Knox \"Colonel of the Regiment of Artillery\" on 17 November 1775. The regiment formally entered service on 1 January 1776. The Armor branch traces its origin to the Cavalry. A regiment of cavalry was authorized to be raised", "title": "U.S. Army Birthdays" }, { "id": "16247281", "score": "1.6257178", "text": "operating on the Delaware River. Benjamin Franklin, realizing the necessity of having some kind of military force to defend Philadelphia, proposed an association of volunteer militia, resulting in the formation of the Associators on November 21, 1747. The 111th Infantry traces its origins to the Associators, and, therefore, is derived from the first citizen militia to exist in Pennsylvania. On December 29, 1747, the Associators were organized as the Associated Regiment of Foot of Philadelphia. They continued to exist as a citizen militia until the outbreak of the American Revolution. In 1793 the Philadelphia Brigade was reorganized in the Pennsylvania", "title": "Army National Guard and Active Regular Army Units with Colonial Roots" }, { "id": "1950781", "score": "1.6198723", "text": "Washington had begun to acquire ships, starting with the schooner that was paid for out of Washington's own pocket. \"Hannah\" was commissioned and launched on 5 September 1775, from the port of Marblehead, Massachusetts. The US Navy recognizes 13 October 1775 as the date of its official establishment — the date of the passage of the resolution of the Continental Congress at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that created the Continental Navy. On this day, Congress authorized the purchase of two vessels to be armed for a cruise against British merchant ships. On 13 December 1775, Congress authorized the building of thirteen frigates", "title": "History of the United States Navy" }, { "id": "20803321", "score": "1.6172976", "text": "first naval fleet by converting three Massachusetts schooners into warships. The makeshift fleet's purpose was to intercept an unarmed British supply ship. The next day, Washington sent a letter to Congress urging them to establish a naval force. On October 13, the Continental Congress passed a resolution in order to create the Continental Navy. This date now represents the official establishment of the U.S. Navy. In 1972, the Chief of Naval Operations Elmo Zumwalt designated October 13 as the Navy's official birthday, in order \"to enhance a greater appreciation of our Navy heritage, and to provide a positive influence toward", "title": "United States Navy Ball" }, { "id": "8386366", "score": "1.6115334", "text": "Marine Corps still celebrates 10 November, as its official birthday Borrowing from the Royal Navy, the practices and printed instructions were outlined in the \"Rules for the Regulations of the Navy of the United Colonies.\" It was intended that the American marines would provide the same services as British marines. In December 1775, to aid in drafting plans in expanding the Continental Navy and to supervise the construction of vessels and procurement of naval equipment, the Continental Congress established a permanent committee for the Marine Corps, the Marine Committee (the forerunner of the United States Department of the Navy). It", "title": "History of the United States Marine Corps" } ]

[ "Appletini", "Apple martini", "apple martini", "appletini" ]

[ { "id": "4673637", "score": "1.671974", "text": "is the \"Rumpletini,\" with a light rum in place of the vodka. A similar cocktail can be made with Martini Bianco white vermouth and apple juice in a long drink glass filled with ice. Appletini An Apple martini (Appletini for short) is a cocktail containing vodka and one or more of apple juice, apple cider, apple liqueur, or apple brandy. This drink, originally called an Adam's Apple Martini because the bartender who created it was named Adam, was created in 1996 at Lola's West Hollywood restaurant. In its purest form, it would contain: Typically, the ingredients are shaken or stirred", "title": "Appletini" }, { "id": "288566", "score": "1.668614", "text": "the cocktail can be found in William Schmidt's \"The Flowing Bowl\", published in 1891. In it, he details a drink containing 2 dashes of gum (gomme syrup), 2 dashes of bitters, 1 dash of absinthe, portion of whiskey and portion of vermouth. The same cocktail appears listed as a \"Tennessee Cocktail\" in \"Shake 'em Up!\" by V. Elliott and P. Strong, copyright 1930 (p. 39): \"Two parts of whiskey, one part of Italian Vermouth and a dash of bitters poured over ice and stirred vigorously.\" On the small North Frisian island of Föhr, the Manhattan cocktail is a standard drink", "title": "Manhattan (cocktail)" }, { "id": "12802436", "score": "1.6380676", "text": "Apple-Kneel The Apple-Kneel is a cocktail. It consists of three shots, two Sourz Apple and one Cherry Brandy. Each shot is taken from an average shot glass which is around 1.5 ounces (roughly 45 ml). Firstly, you put two shots of Sourz Apple into a glass and then put in one shot of Cherry Brandy in and mix. It is customary to sip this cocktail. It can be served 'neat' or 'on the rocks'. Sourz Apple is an apple flavoured fruit liqueur produced by Beam Global Spirits and Wine. It is most commonly served as a shooter but is also", "title": "Apple-Kneel" }, { "id": "15821615", "score": "1.6185896", "text": "cocktail, with two parts cognac, one part Calvados or equivalent apple brandy, and one part sweet vermouth. The Corpse Reviver #2 is the more popular of the corpse revivers, and consists of equal parts gin, lemon juice, curaçao (commonly Cointreau), Kina Lillet (now usually replaced with Cocchi Americano, as a closer match to Kina Lillet than modern Lillet Blanc), and a dash of absinthe. The dash of absinthe can either be added to the mix before shaking, or added to the cocktail glass and moved around until the glass has been coated with a layer of absinthe to give a", "title": "Corpse Reviver" }, { "id": "1459931", "score": "1.6107786", "text": "ice in a salt-rimmed glass. However, Thomson's recipe was made with Damiana Liqueur, not Cointreau orange liqueur. It is said that the idea was an experiment after running out of rum while making frozen daiquiris. The IBA (IBA Official list of Cocktails) standard is 7:4:3, that is, 50% tequila, 29% Cointreau, 21% fresh lime juice. The \"Original Margarita\" recipe as given by Cointreau on their website has slightly less of their own sweet liqueur: 1 part white tequila, part Cointreau, and part fresh squeezed lime juice. Besides Cointreau, other orange-flavored liqueurs that might be used include Grand Marnier (yielding the", "title": "Margarita" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Appletini\n\nAn apple martini (appletini for short) is a cocktail containing vodka and one or more of apple juice, apple cider, apple liqueur, or apple brandy.\n\nIt is not a true martini, but is one of many drinks that incorporate the term \"martini\" into their names. \n\nThis drink, originally called an Adam's Apple Martini because the bartender who created it was named Adam, was created in 1996 at Lola's West Hollywood restaurant.\n\nThe drink Adam's Apple was advertised by Smirnoff in the July 1972 issue of \"Playboy\" on the inside front cover. The recipe called for an ounce or so of Smirnoff added to apple juice in a tall glass of ice.", "title": "Appletini" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of cocktails\n\nA cocktail is a mixed drink typically made with a distilled liquor (such as arrack, brandy, cachaça, gin, rum, tequila, vodka, or whiskey) as its base ingredient that is then mixed with other ingredients or garnishments. Sweetened liqueurs, wine, or beer may also serve as the base or be added. If beer is one of the ingredients, the drink is called a beer cocktail.\n\nCocktails often also contain one or more types of juice, fruit, honey, milk or cream, spices, or other flavorings. Cocktails may vary in their ingredients from bartender to bartender, and from region to region. Two creations may have the same name but taste very different because of differences in how the drinks are prepared.\n\nThis article is organized by the primary type of alcohol (by volume) contained in the beverage. Cocktails marked with \"IBA\" are designated as IBA official cocktails by the International Bartenders Association, and are some of the most popular cocktails worldwide.", "title": "List of cocktails" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Joe Gilmore\n\nJoe Gilmore (19 May 1922 – 18 December 2015) was one of the longest running Head Barmen at The Savoy Hotel's American Bar. He was born in Belfast and moved to London in 1938. Gilmore started as a trainee barman at The American Bar in 1940 and was appointed Head Barman in 1955, a position he held until he retired in 1976. Over his years as Head Barman, Gilmore invented numerous cocktails to mark special events and important guests, a longstanding tradition at the American Bar. Gilmore invented cocktails in honour of various politicians, celebrities, and members of royalty, including Prince William, The Princess Royal, The Queen Mother, Prince Andrew, Sir Winston Churchill, and American Presidents Harry S. Truman and Richard Nixon. He also invented cocktails to commemorate the first walk on the moon in 1969 by Neil Armstrong, and the American and Russian link-up in space in 1975.\n\nIn addition to serving five generations of royals at private receptions and parties, Gilmore has also served Errol Flynn, Laurel and Hardy, Charlie Chaplin, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Grace Kelly, George Bernard Shaw, Ernest Hemingway, Noël Coward, Agatha Christie, Alice Faye, Ingrid Bergman, Julie Andrews, Laurence Olivier Joan Crawford, Judy Garland, Liza Minnelli, Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra.\n\nGilmore retired from the Savoy in 1976 and died in 2015.<ref name=\"obit\" />", "title": "Joe Gilmore" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Margarita\n\nA margarita is a cocktail consisting of Tequila, triple sec, and lime juice often served with salt on the rim of the glass. The drink is served shaken with ice (on the rocks), blended with ice (frozen margarita), or without ice (straight up). The drink is generally served in a stepped-diameter variant of a cocktail glass or champagne coupe called a margarita glass.", "title": "Margarita" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Long Island iced tea\n\nA Long Island iced tea or Long Island ice tea is a type of cocktail typically made with vodka, tequila, light rum, triple sec, gin, and a splash of cola, which gives the drink the same amber hue as iced tea.<ref name=\"iba\" />\n\nThe drink has a much higher alcohol concentration (approximately 22 percent) than most highball drinks due to the relatively small amount of mixer.", "title": "Long Island iced tea" }, { "id": "12802437", "score": "1.6100309", "text": "used in cocktails. Sourz Apple is an unusual shooter with an ABV of only 15% compared to the usual 30-50% found in most shooters. This is a Fruit Brandy as it is distilled from cherries. It is usually drunk chilled or over Ice. It has an ABV of around 24%. Apple-Kneel The Apple-Kneel is a cocktail. It consists of three shots, two Sourz Apple and one Cherry Brandy. Each shot is taken from an average shot glass which is around 1.5 ounces (roughly 45 ml). Firstly, you put two shots of Sourz Apple into a glass and then put in", "title": "Apple-Kneel" }, { "id": "9386510", "score": "1.6032982", "text": "temperature will not ignite easily, so it should be warmed up beforehand or topped with an additional layer of a dark overproof rum with 65-85% alcohol by volume. Such a preparation can be referred to as a \"B-52 On a Mission\". B-52 (cocktail) The B-52 (also B52 or Bifi or Bifty) cocktail is a layered shot composed of a coffee liqueur (Kahlúa), an Irish cream (Baileys Irish Cream), and a Grand Marnier (in later versions replaced with triple sec or Cointreau). When prepared properly, the ingredients separate into three distinctly visible layers (due to their relative densities). The name refers", "title": "B-52 (cocktail)" }, { "id": "16318476", "score": "1.5913184", "text": "cacao; the Pink Squirrel includes brandy, almond liquer and creme de cacao; Brandy Alexander features brandy and creme de cacao while the Brand Alexander with Chocolate Chips includes brandy, creme de cacao and chocolate chips. With a pure alcohol content range of 3.59 to 6.41 percent (8.22 to 14.67 alc/vol), each serving of SnöBar ice-pops and ice cream has the equivalent alcohol percentage of a full cocktail. SnoBar Cocktails SnoBar Cocktails is a line of alcohol infused ice cream and ice-pops that launched in Arizona on December 9, 2011 and are available in liquor stores, restaurants and in grocery stores", "title": "SnoBar Cocktails" }, { "id": "16318475", "score": "1.5866857", "text": "alcohol. In January 2012, the company announced plans to be available at pools in Las Vegas by the summer. SnöBar has three types of ice-pops, Margarita, Cosmopolitan, and Mojito. Each replicate the flavor of the traditional cocktails of the same name. The Margarita ice-pop is made with tequila, lime and triple sec and the Cosmopolitan ice-pop is made with vodka, triple sec and cranberry. The ice cream is available in the following flavors: Grasshopper, Pink Squirrel, Brandy Alexander and Brandy Alexander with Chocolate Chips. The Grasshopper includes all of the traditional ingredients of brandy, creme de menthe and creme de", "title": "SnoBar Cocktails" }, { "id": "4673636", "score": "1.5861866", "text": "Appletini An Apple martini (Appletini for short) is a cocktail containing vodka and one or more of apple juice, apple cider, apple liqueur, or apple brandy. This drink, originally called an Adam's Apple Martini because the bartender who created it was named Adam, was created in 1996 at Lola's West Hollywood restaurant. In its purest form, it would contain: Typically, the ingredients are shaken or stirred and then strained into a cocktail glass. A sweet and sour mix can also be added before shaking. Optionally, vermouth may be included, as in a regular martini. A common variation of the appletini", "title": "Appletini" }, { "id": "9386505", "score": "1.5831292", "text": "B-52 (cocktail) The B-52 (also B52 or Bifi or Bifty) cocktail is a layered shot composed of a coffee liqueur (Kahlúa), an Irish cream (Baileys Irish Cream), and a Grand Marnier (in later versions replaced with triple sec or Cointreau). When prepared properly, the ingredients separate into three distinctly visible layers (due to their relative densities). The name refers to the band The B-52s and not the US B-52 Stratofortress bomber. The B-52 is that was invented by Peter Fich, a head bartender at the Banff Springs Hotel in Banff, Alberta. He named all of his new drinks after favourite", "title": "B-52 (cocktail)" }, { "id": "93626", "score": "1.580743", "text": "such as soda or fruit juice, it is a highball. Many of the International Bartenders Association Official Cocktails are highballs. When a mixed drink contains only a distilled spirit and a liqueur, it is a duo, and when it adds a mixer, it is a trio. Additional ingredients may be sugar, honey, milk, cream, and various herbs. Mixed drinks without alcohol that resemble cocktails are known as \"mocktails\" or \"virgin cocktails\". The origin of the word cocktail is disputed. The first recorded use of cocktail not referring to a horse is found in \"The Morning Post and Gazetteer\" in London,", "title": "Cocktail" }, { "id": "10340749", "score": "1.578592", "text": "general types of the cocktail: The drink is built over ice in a highball glass and garnished with an orange slice. Sometimes they are mixed in smaller amounts and served as a shooter. Several variations are sometimes referred to by the same name: Some derivative variations have their own names: Sex on the Beach A Sex on the Beach is an alcoholic cocktail containing vodka, peach schnapps, orange juice and cranberry juice. The cocktail is usually consumed during summer months. It is an IBA Official Cocktail. There are several stories claiming to describe the origin of the Sex on the", "title": "Sex on the Beach" }, { "id": "12866551", "score": "1.5619726", "text": "Polar Bear (cocktail) A Polar Bear, After Eight or Peppermint Paddy (a play on Peppermint Patty) is a mint chocolate cocktail that tastes like a York Peppermint Pattie or an After Eight wafer. It is usually made from crème de cacao and peppermint schnapps, although crème de menthe is a popular substitute. Polar Bear is usually served cold in a shot glass. The typical ingredients are: One popular recipe involves shaking all ingredients with crushed ice and serving in a shot glass with a mint leaf as garnish. The drink can also be served in a shot glass without ice,", "title": "Polar Bear (cocktail)" }, { "id": "1922624", "score": "1.5576853", "text": "It is citrus-flavoured and made with alcohol (3.5% ABV) and spring water and is sold in 4-packs of 1-quart [947 ml] bottles. A line of 22 flavoured vodkas (based on the No.21 Red Label) with the \"Twist\" moniker appended on the end of the name have also been introduced. Flavours include Green Apple, Orange, Cranberry, Raspberry, Citrus (Lemon), Vanilla, Strawberry, Black Cherry, Watermelon, Lime, Blueberry, White Grape, Melon (Honeydew/Cantaloupe), Pomegranate, Passion Fruit, Pear, Peach, Pineapple, Mango, Coconut, and most recently Amaretto. Smirnoff trialed in the UK and Canada during 2004 a new blend of vodka entitled Smirnoff Penka. Marketing and", "title": "Smirnoff" }, { "id": "1922626", "score": "1.5574062", "text": "Smirnoff malt beverages (17.0%, 95% CI 12.9 to 21.1%). The latest addition is the Smirnoff Sours vodkas, introduced in 2014. Flavors available are Fruit Punch, Watermelon, Green Apple, and Berry Lemon. In 2016, Smirnoff introduced two new Smirnoff Ice flavors: Electric Mandarin and Electric Berry. Also in 2016 Smirnoff introduced the new Spiked line, available in Original, Screwdriver and Hurricane Punch, as well as their Sourced line of fruit juice vodka, available in Ruby Red Grapefruit, Pineapple and Cranberry Apple. Most Smirnoff products have an identifying number that is displayed on the label. Some of these numbers are: The basic", "title": "Smirnoff" }, { "id": "93629", "score": "1.5535322", "text": "publication of a bartenders' guide which included cocktail recipes was in 1862 – \"How to Mix Drinks; or, The Bon Vivant's Companion\", by \"Professor\" Jerry Thomas. In addition to recipes for punches, sours, slings, cobblers, shrubs, toddies, flips, and a variety of other mixed drinks were 10 recipes for \"cocktails\". A key ingredient differentiating cocktails from other drinks in this compendium was the use of bitters. Mixed drinks popular today that conform to this original meaning of \"cocktail\" include the Old Fashioned whiskey cocktail, the Sazerac cocktail, and the Manhattan cocktail. The ingredients listed (spirits, sugar, water, and bitters) match", "title": "Cocktail" }, { "id": "5237878", "score": "1.5467904", "text": "Vodka martini A vodka martini, also known as a vodkatini or kangaroo cocktail, is a cocktail made with vodka and vermouth, a variation of a martini. A vodka martini is made by combining vodka, dry vermouth and ice in a cocktail shaker or mixing glass. The ingredients are chilled, either by stirring or shaking, then strained and served \"straight up\" (without ice) in a chilled cocktail glass. The drink may be garnished with an olive, a \"twist\" (a strip of lemon peel squeezed or twisted), capers, or cocktail onions (with the onion garnish specifically yielding a vodka Gibson). The vodka", "title": "Vodka martini" }, { "id": "304693", "score": "1.5430398", "text": "bitters, a brown sugar cube and one part applejack and one part rye whiskey. As the name implies, each ingredient of this three-part cocktail represents one pillar of the Trilogy. Laird's Bonded Applejack Brandy is the first and oldest distilled spirit in America with American rye whiskey following soon after in the late 1700s. The third pillar of this cocktail is somewhat of a mystery but according to creator Richard Boccato, is often thought to be the orange bitters because of its American origins. The Old Fashioned is the cocktail of choice of Don Draper, the lead character on the", "title": "Old Fashioned" }, { "id": "1843296", "score": "1.5395377", "text": "which have been steeped for several weeks before being distilled. The different kinds of \"Obstler\" are similar to the varieties of \"Rakija\" found in the Balkans and Eastern Europe. Slivovitz is a popular schnapps made from Damson plums found throughout the region. \"Kräuterlikör\" (herbal liqueur) is another popular form of schnapps, often sweetened. Well known brands include Jägermeister, Underberg, Kuemmerling, Killepitsch and Wurzelpeter. An inexpensive heavily sweetened form of liqueur is made in America by mixing neutral grain spirit with fruit syrup, spices, or other flavors. Referred to as \"schnapps\", these are bottled with an alcohol content typically between 15%", "title": "Schnapps" } ]

[ "modern bird", "avians", "Avian reproduction", "avialian", "flying bird", "Birds", "Class aves", "class aves", "Avialan", "Modern bird", "birdness", "Avialians", "birds mating", "Avafauna", "pet bird", "avian proteins", "Aviala", "bird reproduction", "ornithes", "Chick (bird)", "Ornithes", "surviving dinosaurs", "Avifauna", "Living dinosaurs in Australasia", "roosting", "🐦", "living sauropods", "avialan", "avafauna", "Flying Bird", "Living sauropods", "Nestling", "Avian dinosaur", "living dinosaurs in australasia", "avian dinosaur", "birds", "🐤", "modern birds", "Roosting", "Baby birds", "avian reproduction", "chick guard stage", "bird", "Birds mating", "roost site", "Bird breeding", "neornithine", "living dinosaurs in oceania", "Chick guard stage", "Living sauropods in Africa", "🐣", "Birdness", "avialians", "modern dinosaurs", "Bird reproduction", "nestling", "Nestlings", "neornithes", "Aves", "living sauropods in africa", "aves", "Avians", "Neornithine", "Living dinosaurs in Oceania", "Surviving Dinosaurs", "Roost site", "Bird", "🐥", "Ornis", "Neornithes", "aviala", "avifauna", "Avian proteins", "Modern birds", "Modern Dinosaurs", "bird breeding", "Pet bird", "ornis", "nestlings", "chick bird", "baby birds", "Avialian" ]

[ { "id": "473530", "score": "1.5333308", "text": "most of the world's water bodies, both freshwater and marine. The rest of the vertebrate species are tetrapods, a single lineage that includes amphibians (with roughly 7,000 species); mammals (with approximately 5,500 species); and reptiles and birds (with about 20,000 species divided evenly between the two classes). Tetrapods comprise the dominant megafauna of most terrestrial environments and also include many partially or fully aquatic groups (e.g., sea snakes, penguins, cetaceans). There are several ways of classifying animals. Evolutionary systematics relies on anatomy, physiology and evolutionary history, which is determined through similarities in anatomy and, if possible, the genetics of organisms.", "title": "Vertebrate" }, { "id": "8284", "score": "1.5320008", "text": "but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline in amphibian populations for many species around the globe. The earliest amphibians evolved in the Devonian period from sarcopterygian fish with lungs and bony-limbed fins, features that were helpful in adapting to dry land. They diversified and became dominant during the Carboniferous and Permian periods, but were later displaced by reptiles and other vertebrates. Over time, amphibians shrank in", "title": "Amphibian" }, { "id": "341996", "score": "1.5307382", "text": "dromaeosaurids, tyrannosaurids, and abelisaurids, along with many Crocodyliformes, and squamates (e.g. mosasaurids). Modern non-avian reptiles inhabit all the continents except Antarctica, although some birds are found on the periphery of Antarctica. Several living subgroups are recognized: Testudines (turtles and tortoises), 350 species; Rhynchocephalia (tuatara from New Zealand), 1 species; Squamata (lizards, snakes, and worm lizards), over 10,200 species; Crocodilia (crocodiles, gavials, caimans, and alligators), 24 species; and Aves (birds), approximately 10,000 species. Reptiles are tetrapod vertebrates, creatures that either have four limbs or, like snakes, are descended from four-limbed ancestors. Unlike amphibians, reptiles do not have an aquatic larval stage.", "title": "Reptile" }, { "id": "5328328", "score": "1.5225027", "text": "fish also have a hard, bony plate covering their gills called an operculum, and can have distinct rays, or spines, in their fins. About 90% of the world's fish species are bony fish. Amphibians mostly require fresh water to reproduce. A few inhabit brackish water, but there are no true marine amphibians. There have been reports, however, of amphibians invading marine waters, such as a Black Sea invasion by the natural hybrid \"Pelophylax esculentus\" reported in 2010. Reptiles (Late Latin for \"creeping\" or \"crawling\") form a class Reptilia of tetrapods, vertebrates that have either four limbs or have four-limbed ancestors.", "title": "Marine life" }, { "id": "7228352", "score": "1.5204017", "text": "opposite, living in freshwater as adults but migrating to the ocean to spawn. Other vertebrate taxa that inhabit lotic systems include amphibians, such as salamanders, reptiles (e.g. snakes, turtles, crocodiles and alligators) various bird species, and mammals (e.g., otters, beavers, hippos, and river dolphins). With the exception of a few species, these vertebrates are not tied to water as fishes are, and spend part of their time in terrestrial habitats. Many fish species are important as consumers and as prey species to the larger vertebrates mentioned above. Energy sources can be autochthonous or allochthonous. Invertebrates can be organized into many", "title": "River ecosystem" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Transitional fossil\n\nA transitional fossil is any fossilized remains of a life form that exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendant group. This is especially important where the descendant group is sharply differentiated by gross anatomy and mode of living from the ancestral group. These fossils serve as a reminder that taxonomic divisions are human constructs that have been imposed in hindsight on a continuum of variation. Because of the incompleteness of the fossil record, there is usually no way to know exactly how close a transitional fossil is to the point of divergence. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that transitional fossils are direct ancestors of more recent groups, though they are frequently used as models for such ancestors.<ref name=Prothero/>\n\nIn 1859, when Charles Darwin's \"On the Origin of Species\" was first published, the fossil record was poorly known. Darwin described the perceived lack of transitional fossils as \"the most obvious and gravest objection which can be urged against my theory,\" but he explained it by relating it to the extreme imperfection of the geological record. He noted the limited collections available at the time but described the available information as showing patterns that followed from his theory of descent with modification through natural selection. Indeed, \"Archaeopteryx\" was discovered just two years later, in 1861, and represents a classic transitional form between earlier, non-avian dinosaurs and birds. Many more transitional fossils have been discovered since then, and there is now abundant evidence of how all classes of vertebrates are related, including many transitional fossils. Specific examples of class-level transitions are: tetrapods and fish, birds and dinosaurs, and mammals and \"mammal-like reptiles\".\n\nThe term \"missing link\" has been used extensively in popular writings on human evolution to refer to a perceived gap in the hominid evolutionary record. It is most commonly used to refer to any new transitional fossil finds. Scientists, however, do not use the term, as it refers to a pre-evolutionary view of nature.", "title": "Transitional fossil" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Holocene extinction" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Vertebrate\n\nVertebrates () comprise all animal taxa within the subphylum Vertebrata () (chordates with backbones), including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,963 species described. Vertebrates comprise such groups as the following:\n\n\nExtant vertebrates range in size from the frog species \"Paedophryne amauensis\", at as little as , to the blue whale, at up to . Vertebrates make up less than five percent of all described animal species; the rest are invertebrates, which lack vertebral columns.\n\nThe vertebrates traditionally include the hagfish, which do not have proper vertebrae due to their loss in evolution, though their closest living relatives, the lampreys, do. Hagfish do, however, possess a cranium. For this reason, the vertebrate subphylum is sometimes referred to as \"Craniata\" when discussing morphology. Molecular analysis since 1992 has suggested that hagfish are most closely related to lampreys, and so also are vertebrates in a monophyletic sense. Others consider them a sister group of vertebrates in the common taxon of craniata.", "title": "Vertebrate" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Megafauna\n\nIn terrestrial zoology, the megafauna (from Greek μέγας \"megas\" \"large\" and New Latin \"fauna\" \"animal life\") comprises the large or giant animals of an area, habitat, or geological period, extinct and/or extant. The most common thresholds used are weight over (i.e., having a mass comparable to or larger than a human) or over a tonne, (i.e., having a mass comparable to or larger than an ox). The first of these include many species not popularly thought of as overly large, and being the only few large animals left in a given range/area, such as white-tailed deer, Thomson's gazelle, and red kangaroo.\nIn practice, the most common usage encountered in academic and popular writing describes land mammals roughly larger than a human that are not (solely) domesticated. The term is especially associated with the Pleistocene megafauna – the land animals often larger than their extant counterparts that are considered archetypical of the last ice age, such as mammoths, the majority of which in northern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia became extinct within the last forty thousand years. Among living animals, the term megafauna is most commonly used for the largest extant terrestrial mammals, which includes (but is not limited to) elephants, giraffes, zebras, hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses, and large bovines. Of these five categories of large herbivores, only bovines are presently found outside of Africa and southern Asia, but all the others were formerly more wide-ranging, with their ranges and populations continually shrinking and decreasing over time. Wild equines are another example of megafauna, but their current ranges are largely restricted to the old world, specifically Africa and Asia. Megafaunal species may be categorized according to their dietary type: megaherbivores (e.g., elephants), megacarnivores (e.g., lions), and, more rarely, megaomnivores (e.g., bears). The megafauna is also categorized by the class of animals that it belongs to, which are mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates.\n\nOther common uses are for giant aquatic species, especially whales, as well as any of the larger wild or domesticated land animals such as larger antelope, deer, horse and cattle, as well as dinosaurs and other extinct giant reptilians.\n\nThe term megafauna is very rarely used to describe invertebrates, though it has occasionally been used for some species of invertebrates such as coconut crabs and Japanese spider crabs, as well as extinct invertebrates that were much larger than all similar invertebrate species alive today, for example the dragonflies of the Carboniferous period.", "title": "Megafauna" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Amphibian\n\nAmphibians are four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this.\n\nThe young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline in amphibian populations for many species around the globe.\n\nThe earliest amphibians evolved in the Devonian period from sarcopterygian fish with lungs and bony-limbed fins, features that were helpful in adapting to dry land. They diversified and became dominant during the Carboniferous and Permian periods, but were later displaced by reptiles and other vertebrates. The origin of modern amphibians belonging to Lissamphibia, which first appeared during the Early Triassic, around 250 million years ago, has long been contentious. However the emerging consensus is that they likely originated from temnospondyls, the most diverse group of prehistoric amphibians, during the Permian period.\n\nThe three modern orders of amphibians are Anura (the frogs), Urodela (the salamanders), and Apoda (the caecilians). A fourth group, the Albanerpetontidae, became extinct around 2 million years ago. The number of known amphibian species is approximately 8,000, of which nearly 90% are frogs. The smallest amphibian (and vertebrate) in the world is a frog from New Guinea (\"Paedophryne amauensis\") with a length of just . The largest living amphibian is the South China giant salamander (\"Andrias sligoi\"), but this is dwarfed by prehistoric temnospondyls such as \"Mastodonsaurus\" which could reach up to 6 metres in length. The study of amphibians is called batrachology, while the study of both reptiles and amphibians is called herpetology.", "title": "Amphibian" }, { "id": "8286", "score": "1.519072", "text": "the study of both reptiles and amphibians is called herpetology. The word \"amphibian\" is derived from the Ancient Greek term ἀμφίβιος (\"amphíbios\"), which means \"both kinds of life\", \"ἀμφί\" meaning \"of both kinds\" and \"βιος\" meaning \"life\". The term was initially used as a general adjective for animals that could live on land or in water, including seals and otters. Traditionally, the class Amphibia includes all tetrapod vertebrates that are not amniotes. Amphibia in its widest sense (\"sensu lato\") was divided into three subclasses, two of which are extinct: The actual number of species in each group depends on the", "title": "Amphibian" }, { "id": "4330885", "score": "1.4947528", "text": "the food habit studies. The most common amphibians recognized were frogs (\"Rana\" and \"Hyla\"). Specific species of reptiles and amphibians prey include: boreal chorus frogs (\"Pseudacris maculata\"); Canadian toads (\"Bufo hemiophrys\"); wood frogs (\"Rana sylvatica\"); bullfrogs (\"Rana catesbeiana\"); green frogs (\"Rana clamitans\"); northwestern salamanders (\"Ambystoma gracile\"); Pacific giant salamander (\"Dicamptodon ensatus\"); rough-skinned newt (\"Taricha granulosa\"); and garter snakes (\"Thamnophis\"). Amphibians and reptiles are more obtainable by the North American river otter during the spring and summer as a result of breeding activity, appropriate temperatures, and water supply for the prey. Waterfowl, rails, and some colonial nesting birds are preyed upon", "title": "North American river otter" }, { "id": "4867664", "score": "1.4879231", "text": "surveys conducted by group members showed that many were still around, albeit rare. These include banded leaf monkey (\"Presbytis femoralis\"), Sunda slow loris (\"Nycticebus coucang\"), Malayan porcupine (\"Hystrix brachura\"). leopard cat (\"Prionailurus bengalensis\") and five-banded flying dragon (\"Draco quinquefasciatus\"). Findings have now been compiled into a pocket guide under the editorship of Nick Baker and Kelvin Lim. \"A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes\" is fully illustrated with most of the images taken in or adjacent to the animals’ natural habitats. The guide also includes a checklist of freshwater fishes, amphibians, terrestrial reptiles and terrestrial mammals of", "title": "Nature Society (Singapore)" }, { "id": "558425", "score": "1.4826088", "text": "study by the World Wildlife Fund. The Living Planet Report 2014 claims that \"the number of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish across the globe is, on average, about half the size it was 40 years ago\". Of that number, 39% accounts for the terrestrial wildlife gone, 39% for the marine wildlife gone and 76% for the freshwater wildlife gone. Biodiversity took the biggest hit in Latin America, plummeting 83 percent. High-income countries showed a 10% increase in biodiversity, which was canceled out by a loss in low-income countries. This is despite the fact that high-income countries use five times", "title": "Biodiversity" }, { "id": "7517598", "score": "1.4777253", "text": "reconstructions derived from chironomid fossils, and palaeosalinity records inferred from diatoms. Freshwater macroinvertebrates (invertebrates that can be see by naked eye; > 0.25 mm) are a very diverse group of small animals present in rivers, streams, lakes and wetlands. These animals include crustaceans, insects, molluscs, annelids and arachnids. They comprise a functionally and taxonomically diverse group that plays an important role in linking the food web in the aquatic ecosystem. They serve as a main source of food for the fishes and they depend on different types of algae and bacteria for the food. Most aquatic macro-invertebrates are small while", "title": "Paleolimnology" }, { "id": "243951", "score": "1.4697279", "text": "of vertebrates and invertebrates respectively, and divided the blooded animals into five groups: viviparous quadrupeds (mammals), oviparous quadrupeds (reptiles and amphibians), birds, fishes and whales. The bloodless animals were also divided into five groups: cephalopods, crustaceans, insects (which included the spiders, scorpions, and centipedes, in addition to what we define as insects today), shelled animals (such as most molluscs and echinoderms), and \"zoophytes\" (animals that resemble plants). Though Aristotle's work in zoology was not without errors, it was the grandest biological synthesis of the time and remained the ultimate authority for many centuries after his death. The exploration of the", "title": "Life" }, { "id": "20185424", "score": "1.4649954", "text": "97 reptile species, including 35 from the \"Colubridae\" family and 26 from the \"Iguanidae\" family. Endangered reptiles include Dunn's spinytail lizard (\"Morunasaurus groi\") and Boulenger's least gecko (\"Sphaerodactylus scapularis\"). There are at least 127 amphibian species. Endangered amphibians include the elegant stubfoot toad (\"Atelopus elegans\"), El Tambo stubfoot toad (\"Atelopus longibrachius\"), Lynch's stubfoot toad (\"Atelopus lynchi\"), Costa Rican variable harlequin toad (\"Atelopus varius\"), horned marsupial frog (\"Gastrotheca cornuta\"), Lemur leaf frog (\"Hylomantis lemur\"), Lehmann's poison frog (\"Oophaga lehmanni\"), golden poison frog (\"Phyllobates terribilis\") and Myers' Surinam toad (Pipa myersi). The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF} gives the region the", "title": "Chocó-Darién moist forests" }, { "id": "1849402", "score": "1.4631878", "text": "by bog turtles, common water snakes, rat snakes and sand lizard. Bog turtles are found in all waters. Common water snakes live on the banks of canals. Rat snakes and sand lizards are few and inhabit relatively high areas of land. Two more reptiles, Caspian whipsnake and \"Coluber spinalis\", are extremely rare. Among amphibians common are lake frog and green frog. With an estimated 5,000 to 10,000 species, insects exceed all other animals of the region by diversity and biomass. Terrestrial and aquatic insects make up a significant proportion of the diet of birds. Many species are parasitic on birds", "title": "Ural River" }, { "id": "18663407", "score": "1.4627935", "text": "a field program in the Caribbean where he has studied the evolution and biogeography of amphibians and reptiles with genetic and genomic data and maintained a database of information on these species, CaribHerp. He discovered many new species in his work and has so far named 124 species of reptiles, amphibians, and butterflies He also described three of the smallest species of reptiles and amphibians, including the Monte Iberia dwarf frog (\"Eleutherodactylus iberia\") , Jaragua gecko (\"Sphaerodactylus ariasae\"), and the Barbados threadsnake (\"Tetracheilostoma carlae\"). His research has been described in 11 articles in the New York Times . Recent work", "title": "Stephen Blair Hedges" }, { "id": "200292", "score": "1.462369", "text": "described, which means that over 95% of the described animal species in the world are invertebrates. The trait that is common to all invertebrates is the absence of a vertebral column (backbone): this creates a distinction between invertebrates and vertebrates. The distinction is one of convenience only; it is not based on any clear biologically homologous trait, any more than the common trait of having wings functionally unites insects, bats, and birds, or than not having wings unites tortoises, snails and sponges. Being animals, invertebrates are heterotrophs, and require sustenance in the form of the consumption of other organisms. With", "title": "Invertebrate" }, { "id": "9488320", "score": "1.4622511", "text": "U.S. There are more than 800 species of bird and more than 100,000 known species of insects. There are 311 known reptiles, 295 amphibians and 1154 known fish species in the U.S. Known animals that exist in all of the lower 48 states include white-tailed deer, bobcat, raccoon, muskrat, striped skunk, barn owl, American mink, American beaver, North American river otter and red fox. The red-tailed hawk is one of the most widely distributed hawks not only in the U.S., but in the Americas. Huge parts of the country with the most distinctive indigenous wildlife are protected as national parks.", "title": "Fauna of the United States" }, { "id": "473517", "score": "1.4608881", "text": "Vertebrate Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fishes and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and ratfish) and the bony fishes. Other vertebrates are the tetrapods, which include a bony fish clade known as the lobe-finned fishes, as well as amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species \"Paedophryne amauensis\", at as little as , to the blue whale, at up to . Vertebrates", "title": "Vertebrate" }, { "id": "1601283", "score": "1.4590511", "text": "of freshwater and estuarine fish are represented, including sharks, rays, sturgeons, gars and others. The Judith River Group preserves the remains of many aquatic amphibians and reptiles, including frogs, salamanders, turtles, \"Champsosaurus\" and crocodilians. Terrestrial lizards, including whiptails, skinks, monitors and alligator lizards have also been discovered. Azhdarchid pterosaurs, and birds like \"Apatornis\" and \"Avisaurus\" flew overhead, while several varieties of mammals coexisted with \"Daspletosaurus\" and other types of dinosaurs in the various formations that make up the Judith River wedge. In the Oldman Formation (the geological equivalent of the Judith River formation), \"Daspletosaurus torosus\" could have preyed upon the", "title": "Daspletosaurus" }, { "id": "5328329", "score": "1.4585872", "text": "Some reptiles are more closely related to birds than other reptiles, and many scientists prefer to make Reptilia a monophyletic group which includes the birds. Extant non-avian reptiles which inhabit or frequent the sea include sea turtles, sea snakes, terrapins, the marine iguana, and the saltwater crocodile. Currently, of the approximately 12,000 extant reptile species and sub-species, only about 100 of are classed as marine reptiles. Unlike amphibians, reptiles do not have an aquatic larval stage. Most reptiles are oviparous, although several species of squamates are viviparous, as were some extinct aquatic clades — the fetus develops within the mother,", "title": "Marine life" }, { "id": "2105271", "score": "1.45538", "text": "(true seals, eared seals, and the walrus). The term \"aquatic mammal\" is also applied to four-footed mammals like the river otter (\"Lontra canadensis\") and beavers (family Castoridae), although these are technically amphibious or semiaquatic. Amphibians, like frogs (the order Anura), while requiring water, are separated into their own environmental classification. The majority of amphibians (class Amphibia) have an aquatic larval stage, like a tadpole, but then live as terrestrial adults, and may return to the water to mate. Certain fish also evolved to breathe air to survive oxygen-deprived water, such as \"Arapaima\" (family Osteoglossidae) and walking catfish. Most mollusks have", "title": "Aquatic animal" } ]

[ "Climate of Kansas", "KS, USA", "state of kansas", "geography of kansas", "34th State", "Sunflower State", "Thirty-fourth State", "cansas", "Geography of Kansas", "kans", "demographics of kansas", "sunflower state", "34th state", "ks usa", "religion in kansas", "economy of kansas", "Kans.", "Economy of Kansas", "Kansas (state)", "State of Kansas", "Sports in Kansas", "politics of kansas", "Kansas (State)", "kansas u s state", "Kansasanian Soviet Socialist Republic", "Brownbackistan", "kansas united states", "culture of kansas", "Kansas, United States", "transport in kansas", "Kan.", "The Sunflower State", "kan", "kansas", "Law of Kansas", "Demographics of Kansas", "Cansas", "Politics of Kansas", "brownbackistan", "law of kansas", "transportation in kansas", "Kansas (U.S. state)", "climate of kansas", "Culture of Kansas", "kansas state", "Transport in Kansas", "Thirty-Fourth State", "Religion in Kansas", "Transportation in Kansas", "thirty fourth state", "kansasanian soviet socialist republic", "Kansas", "sports in kansas" ]

[ { "id": "8893339", "score": "1.4317986", "text": "to KU or 574–473–7 according to K-State. Sunflower Showdown The Sunflower Showdown is the series of athletic contests between Kansas State University and the University of Kansas athletic programs, most notably football and men's basketball. The name is derived from the official nickname for the state of Kansas: the Sunflower State. The two schools compete each year for the Governor's Cup in football. The football series dates back to 1902, and has been played every year since 1911, making it the sixth-longest active series in NCAA college football. The University of Kansas built a large advantage in the series by", "title": "Sunflower Showdown" }, { "id": "8893306", "score": "1.4161696", "text": "Sunflower Showdown The Sunflower Showdown is the series of athletic contests between Kansas State University and the University of Kansas athletic programs, most notably football and men's basketball. The name is derived from the official nickname for the state of Kansas: the Sunflower State. The two schools compete each year for the Governor's Cup in football. The football series dates back to 1902, and has been played every year since 1911, making it the sixth-longest active series in NCAA college football. The University of Kansas built a large advantage in the series by 1923, and leads the overall series 64–47–5", "title": "Sunflower Showdown" }, { "id": "4077809", "score": "1.4064815", "text": "state in terms of elevation, is virtually indistinguishable from the surrounding terrain. Mount Sunflower Mount Sunflower, although not a true mountain, is the highest natural point in the state of Kansas. At , it is above the state's topographic low point in southeastern Kansas. Located in Wallace County, it is less than half a mile (0.8 km) from the Colorado state border and close to the lowest point in Colorado. Mount Sunflower is located on private land owned by Ed and Cindy Harold, who encourage visitors to the site. Amenities include a picnic table, a little free library, a sunflower", "title": "Mount Sunflower" }, { "id": "12267734", "score": "1.3994799", "text": "Helianthus schweinitzii Helianthus schweinitzii, known by the common name Schweinitz's sunflower, is a perennial wildflower endemic to the Piedmont physiographic province of North Carolina and South Carolina. It is classified in the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae). Nationwide it is one of the rarest species of sunflower in the United States, but within its range it is not uncommon along utility and highway rights-of-way in North Carolina and South Carolina. There are only about 90 known populations, many containing less than 40 plants each. It was listed as a federal endangered species on May 7, 1991. Schweinitz's Sunflower grows from tall, producing", "title": "Helianthus schweinitzii" }, { "id": "5344963", "score": "1.3923471", "text": "participated by the 8 clustered Barangays. Then, after, a showdown is held showcasing the history, legends, the beautiful Pasuquin, and the Traditional Salt Making. An American film, \"Sunflowers\" (1996), directed by Shawn Hainsworth, an Independent U.S. Film Director, has made the Sunflower Festival internationally known. The film garnered critics recognition in the 1997 Chicago Gay and Lesbian Film Festival and other Film festivals in North America. Sunflower members are also active in participation of the annual town fiesta in December, the Mayflower festivities and religious celebrations like Holy Week. Indeed, they may be gay but they are truly and undoubtedly", "title": "Pasuquin" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Kansas\n\nKansas () is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka, and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is a landlocked state bordered by Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named after the Kansas River, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native Americans who lived along its banks. The tribe's name (natively \"\") is often said to mean \"people of the (south) wind\" although this was probably not the term's original meaning. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison.\n\nThe first Euro-American settlement in Kansas occurred in 1827 at Fort Leavenworth. The pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery debate. When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854 with the Kansas–Nebraska Act, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. The abolitionists prevailed, and on January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a free state, hence the unofficial nickname \"The Free State\".\n\nBy 2015, Kansas was one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans. Kansas, which has an area of is the 15th-largest state by area and is the 36th most-populous of the 50 states, with a population of 2,940,865 according to the 2020 census. Residents of Kansas are called \"Kansans\". Mount Sunflower is Kansas's highest point at .", "title": "Kansas" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Sunflower State FC\n\nSunflower State FC is a semi-professional soccer team based in Overland Park, Kansas that competes in the National Premier Soccer League as a member of the Heartland Conference and in the Major Arena Soccer League 3 as a member of the Midwest Division. The club was founded in Northwest Arkansas as Ozark FC in 2017, before merging with Sunflower State FC and moving to the Kansas City, Kansas area in 2022. The team colors are yellow, black, and white.", "title": "Sunflower State FC" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Sunflower Showdown\n\nThe Sunflower Showdown is the series of athletic contests between Kansas State University and the University of Kansas athletic programs, most notably football and men's basketball. The name is derived from the official nickname for the state of Kansas: the Sunflower State.\n\nThe two schools compete each year for the Governor's Cup in football. The football series dates back to 1902, and has been played every year since 1911, making it the fourth-longest active series in NCAA college football. The University of Kansas built a large advantage in the series by 1923, and leads the overall series 64–50–5 or 65–49–5 (depending on whether a 1980 forfeit by KU is counted) as of the end of the 2021 season.\n\nThe men's basketball series dates back to 1907, and is the most-played series in either school's history, and the sixth-most-played in NCAA history. Kansas has dominated the all-time series and leads the men's basketball series 203–94 following the most recent game on February 22, 2022. This is the most victories by one school over another in NCAA Division I men's basketball. Kansas has led in the all-time series since 1922, and since 1984, Kansas leads the series 85–12.\n\nIn 2010, Dillons bought the naming rights and the series was re-branded \"The Dillon’s Sunflower Showdown\".", "title": "Sunflower Showdown" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of U.S. state and territory nicknames\n\nThe following is a table of U.S. state, federal district and territory nicknames, including officially adopted nicknames and other traditional nicknames for the 50 U.S. states, the U.S. federal district, as well as five U.S. territories.", "title": "List of U.S. state and territory nicknames" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Kansas state symbols\n\nThe following is a list of symbols of the U.S. state of Kansas.\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of Kansas state symbols" }, { "id": "10903064", "score": "1.3887573", "text": "Geraea canescens Geraea canescens, commonly known as desert sunflower, hairy desert sunflower, or desert gold, is an annual plant in the family Asteraceae. \"Geraea\" in its scientific name comes from the Greek \"geraios\" (\"old man\"), referring to the white hairs on the fruits. \"Geraea canescens\" bears yellow sunflower-like flowers on slender, hairy stems. It grows high. The leaves are gray-green and grow to long. It flowers February through May after sufficient rainfall. \"Geraea canescens\" is native to western North America, specifically Arizona, Nevada, California, and Utah. A drought-resistant annual plant, it can be found in the California, Mojave, and Sonoran", "title": "Geraea canescens" }, { "id": "18884416", "score": "1.3825607", "text": "disc florets. The species grows in sunny locations in open forests or along the edges of forests. Helianthus hirsutus Helianthus hirsutus is a North American species of sunflower known by the common name hairy sunflower. It is widespread across south-central Canada, the eastern and central United States, and northeastern Mexico. It ranges from Ontario south to Florida, Coahuila, and Nuevo León, and west as far as Minnesota, Nebraska, and Texas. \"Helianthus hirsutus\" is a perennial sometimes as much as 200 cm (almost 7 feet) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Leaves and stems are covered with stiff hairs. One", "title": "Helianthus hirsutus" }, { "id": "681729", "score": "1.3793613", "text": "used the sunflower as the symbol of their solar deity, including the Aztecs and the Otomi of Mexico and the Incas in South America. In 1510 early Spanish explorers encountered the sunflower in the Americas and carried its seeds back to Europe. Of the four plants known to have been domesticated in what is now the eastern continental United States and to have become important agricultural commodities, the sunflower is currently the most economically important. During the 18th century, the use of sunflower oil became very popular in Russia, particularly with members of the Russian Orthodox Church, because sunflower oil", "title": "Helianthus annuus" }, { "id": "3482902", "score": "1.3688962", "text": "to their tendency to spread rapidly and become invasive. The whorled sunflower, \"H. verticillatus\", was listed as an endangered species in 2014 when the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service issued a final rule protecting it under the Endangered Species Act. The primary threats are industrial forestry and pine plantations in Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. They grow to and are primarily found in woodlands, adjacent to creeks and moist, prairie-like areas. Sunflowers are usually tall annual or perennial plants that in some species can grow to a height of or more. They bear one or more wide, terminal capitula (flower heads),", "title": "Helianthus" }, { "id": "13693542", "score": "1.3627105", "text": "florets. The word \"occidentalis\" means \"western\" in Latin. The plant was first described in 1836, when the Great Lakes Region was considered the western part of the United States. Helianthus occidentalis Helianthus occidentalis (fewleaf sunflower or western sunflower) is a species of sunflower native to the Eastern and Central United States. It grows mostly in the Great Lakes Region and in the Ozarks, with additional populations scattered as far as Massachusetts, Texas, and the Florida Panhandle. \"H. occidentalis\" differs from other, similar species by its sparse leaves, most of which are crowded around the lower part of the stem. This", "title": "Helianthus occidentalis" }, { "id": "4077807", "score": "1.3594065", "text": "Mount Sunflower Mount Sunflower, although not a true mountain, is the highest natural point in the state of Kansas. At , it is above the state's topographic low point in southeastern Kansas. Located in Wallace County, it is less than half a mile (0.8 km) from the Colorado state border and close to the lowest point in Colorado. Mount Sunflower is located on private land owned by Ed and Cindy Harold, who encourage visitors to the site. Amenities include a picnic table, a little free library, a sunflower sculpture made from railroad spikes, and a plaque on the site stating,", "title": "Mount Sunflower" }, { "id": "4534245", "score": "1.3591495", "text": "lobed leaves. Flowers are yellow and composite, looking much like true sunflowers, and sometimes grow to 2 inches (5 cm) wide. Both the ray and disk flowers are yellow, with one flower head on each flowering stalk. It blooms from May to August, Varieties include: Eriophyllum lanatum </small> Eriophyllum lanatum, with the common names common woolly sunflower and Oregon sunshine, is a common, widespread, North American plant in the sunflower family. The Lewis and Clark Expedition reportedly saw this plant growing above their camp on the Clearwater River (near present-day Kamiah, Idaho), and collected two specimens of the then scientifically", "title": "Eriophyllum lanatum" }, { "id": "2575373", "score": "1.358026", "text": "Orleans, Orlando, Palm Springs, Phoenix, and San Diego support a tourist industry all year. The Sun Belt comprises the southern tier of the United States, including the states of Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, South Carolina, Texas, roughly two-thirds of California (up to Greater Sacramento), and parts of Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Nevada, and Utah. Five of the states—Arizona, California, Florida, Nevada, and Texas—are sometimes collectively called the Sand States because of their abundance of beaches or deserts. First employed by political analyst Kevin Phillips in his 1969 book \"The Emerging Republican Majority\", the term", "title": "Sun Belt" }, { "id": "3165922", "score": "1.3578153", "text": "Sunflower River The Sunflower River (also known as the Big Sunflower River) is one of the main tributaries of the Yazoo River in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is navigable by barge for 50 miles. It rises in De Soto County, Mississippi near the Tennessee border and flows south for 100 miles to the Yazoo River. At Clarksdale on its banks, the annual Sunflower River Blues and Gospel festival is held. The United States Army Corps of Engineers maintains a navigation channel, thirty miles in length. Built in 1976, the channel is used by barges and pleasure craft. According", "title": "Sunflower River" }, { "id": "10831219", "score": "1.3572614", "text": "this nickname. The state song is \"Washington, My Home\", the state bird is the American goldfinch, the state fruit is the apple, and the state vegetable is the Walla Walla sweet onion. The state dance, adopted in 1979, is the square dance. The state tree is the western hemlock. The state flower is the coast rhododendron. The state fish is the steelhead. The state folk song is \"Roll On, Columbia, Roll On\" by Woody Guthrie. The unofficial, but popularly accepted, state rock song is Louie Louie. The state grass is bluebunch wheatgrass. The state insect is the green darner dragonfly.", "title": "Washington (state)" }, { "id": "13017309", "score": "1.3543465", "text": "technology is being considered by the state to be a 'key component' for a 'new push' in high-performance buildings. Sunflower Corporation has been active in supporting various public organizations in Colorado. The company has donated a number of Sundolier units to local schools, including a unit given to Longmont High School in Longmont, CO. Additionally a unit was donated to the Phillip S. Miller Library in Douglas County, Colorado. Sunflower Corporation Sunflower Corporation (Daylighting) is a start-up company founded in 2004 and based in Boulder Colorado, USA. Sunflower develops natural daylighting technology for use in commercial spaces. The company focuses", "title": "Sunflower Corporation" }, { "id": "18885374", "score": "1.3528693", "text": "teeth along the edges. One plant produces 1-15 flower heads containing 17-22 yellow ray florets surrounding 75 or more yellow disc florets. Helianthus mollis Helianthus mollis is a species of sunflower known by the common names ashy sunflower. It is widespread across much of the United States and Canada, primarily the Great Lakes region from Ontario south to Texas and Alabama. Additional populations are found in the states of the Atlantic Coast from Maine to Georgia, but these appear to be introduced. \"Helianthus mollis\" grows on prairies and roadsides. It is a perennial herb up to 150 cm (5 feet)", "title": "Helianthus mollis" }, { "id": "681714", "score": "1.3519695", "text": "Helianthus annuus Helianthus annuus, the common sunflower, is a large annual forb of the genus \"Helianthus\" grown as a crop for its edible oil and edible fruits. This sunflower species is also used as wild bird food, as livestock forage (as a meal or a silage plant), in some industrial applications, and as an ornamental in domestic gardens. The plant was first domesticated in the Americas. Wild \"Helianthus annuus\" is a widely branched annual plant with many flower heads. The domestic sunflower, however, often possesses only a single large inflorescence (flower head) atop an unbranched stem. The name \"sunflower\" may", "title": "Helianthus annuus" }, { "id": "1120013", "score": "1.3482764", "text": "or over. The Town of Sunflower is served by the Sunflower County Consolidated School District (formerly Sunflower County School District). Sunflower is also home to the Sunflower County Freedom Project, an independent non-profit after school program for middle and high school students, based in the context of the Civil Rights Movement and the Freedom Schools of the 1960s. Sunflower, Mississippi Sunflower is a town in Sunflower County, Mississippi. The population was 696 at the 2000 census. As of the census of 2000, there were 696 people, 229 households, and 166 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,719.3", "title": "Sunflower, Mississippi" }, { "id": "13903244", "score": "1.3476486", "text": "Phoebanthus Phoebanthus, called the false sunflower, is a genus of North American plants in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family. \"Phoebanthus\" includes two species of herbaceous perennials that are both native to the southeastern United States The genus is a close relative of \"Helianthus\", the genus of the common sunflower, and the plants have the general appearance of a sunflower. \"Phoebanthus\" is characterized by having a pappus of short scales that are usually persistent (don't fall off) compared to the pappus of two deciduous awns (and sometimes a few scales) in \"Helianthus\", and \"Phoebanthus\" is also characterized by a", "title": "Phoebanthus" } ]

[ "cleveland junior", "Brown Family", "brown family", "Cleveland Orenthal Brown", "Cleveland's Deli", "cleveland s deli", "Cleveland Brown, Sr.", "Cleveland, Junior", "Cleveland, Jr", "cleveland brown", "Cleveland Brown", "cleveland family guy", "Cleveland (Family Guy)", "Cleveland, Sr.", "cleveland sr", "cleveland orenthal brown", "cleveland brown sr", "cleveland jr" ]

[ { "id": "13685919", "score": "1.7255578", "text": "way to their destination, they decide to stop in Cleveland's hometown of Stoolbend, Virginia. While there, Cleveland reconnects with an old crush he had in high school, named Donna Tubbs, and immediately finds love, and eventually a new family. Cleveland and Donna ultimately decide to get married, and the two families begin to accept each other into their new lives. The series is a spin-off of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\", which was created by executive producer Seth MacFarlane in 1999. Cleveland Brown, voiced by Mike Henry, was a recurring character on \"Family Guy\", and served as a neighbor", "title": "Pilot (The Cleveland Show)" }, { "id": "1565267", "score": "1.6886711", "text": "Peter's ancestor, Griffin Peterson. MacFarlane resided in Providence during his time as a student at Rhode Island School of Design, and the show contains distinct Rhode Island landmarks similar to real-world locations. MacFarlane often borrows the names of Rhode Island locations and icons such as Pawtucket and Buddy Cianci for use in the show. MacFarlane, in an interview with a news program on WNAC-TV, Channel 64 in Providence, stated that the town is modeled after Cranston, Rhode Island. MacFarlane initially conceived \"Family Guy\" in 1995 while studying animation at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD). During college, he created", "title": "Family Guy" }, { "id": "1091552", "score": "1.6653898", "text": "A character named New Bedford appeared on a \"Family Guy\" episode (in 2006) as a friend of another girl named Dakota. The fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island is \"situated\" near New Bedford. Family Guy episode \"Lottery Fever\" Peter mentions New Bedford while looking at a whale painting Quinn Sullivan (born March 26, 1999) is a blues guitarist from New Bedford. Quinn has performed on stage with Buddy Guy and B.B. King and has played in venues such as the Beacon Theatre in New York City, the Orpheum Theatre in Boston, Buddy Guy's Legends in Chicago, and on The Oprah", "title": "New Bedford, Massachusetts" }, { "id": "3592566", "score": "1.663558", "text": "Griffin. Peter and his family live in the fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island, which is modeled after Providence, Rhode Island. Peter primarily worked as a safety inspector at the Happy-Go-Lucky Toy Factory, until his boss Jonathan Weed choked to death on a dinner roll; he then became a fisherman on his own boat, known as the \"S.S. More Powerful than Superman, Batman, Spider-Man, and The Incredible Hulk Put Together,\" with the help of two Portuguese immigrants, Santos and Pasqual, until his boat was destroyed. He now works in the shipping department of the Pawtucket Patriot brewery. Peter is also", "title": "Peter Griffin" }, { "id": "12102978", "score": "1.6524042", "text": "the case. Herbert has received mixed reviews from critics, who have expressed varying opinions on the pedophilia-related humor involving the character. Herbert has appeared in various \"Family Guy\" merchandise and has made several crossover appearances in \"The Cleveland Show\", a \"Family Guy\" spin-off. Herbert lives in the fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island, which is modeled after Cranston, Rhode Island. He is an elderly man who dresses in a baby blue robe and requires a walking frame; his dog Jesse is similarly decrepit. In his first appearance, \"To Love and Die in Dixie\" (season 3, 2001), Herbert tries to get", "title": "Herbert (Family Guy)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cleveland Brown\n\nCleveland Orenthal Brown Sr. is a fictional character from the animated television series \"Family Guy\", and its spin-off series \"The Cleveland Show\".<ref name=\"deadlinehollywooddaily.com\" /><ref name=\"variety.com\" /> He is a neighbor and friend of the Griffin family and is best known for his mild-mannered deadpan delivery. His established profession was that of a deli owner, before he switched over to being a postal worker after his return to \"Family Guy\".\n\nIn the earlier seasons of \"Family Guy\", Cleveland frequently appeared alongside his wife Loretta Brown (voiced by Alex Borstein), until their divorce was portrayed in the \"Family Guy\" season 4 episode \"The Cleveland–Loretta Quagmire\". The pilot episode of \"The Cleveland Show\" depicts Cleveland's farewell to the familiar characters and settings of \"Family Guy\". \"The Cleveland Show\" establishes its setting of Stoolbend, Virginia as Cleveland's childhood home town, and introduces a new family and set of characters supporting Cleveland as lead. Following \"The Cleveland Show\"'s cancellation in 2013, Cleveland returned to \"Family Guy\" the following year.", "title": "Cleveland Brown" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of characters in the Family Guy franchise" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cleveland Brown Jr.\n\nCleveland Orenthal Brown Jr. is a fictional character in the animated television series \"Family Guy\" and its spin-off series \"The Cleveland Show\". He is the son of Cleveland Brown and his late ex-wife Loretta. On \"Family Guy\", he was depicted as slim and hyperactive; however, on \"The Cleveland Show\" he is shown to have undergone a marked transformation, both in terms of a significant increase in weight and a newly subdued personality. He was voiced by Mike Henry in \"Family Guy\" and by Kevin Michael Richardson in \"The Cleveland Show\" and on the character's return to the former show.\n\nAt 14 years old, Junior is the only child of Cleveland, the stepson of Donna Tubbs, and the stepbrother of Roberta and Rallo Tubbs. Upon his parents' divorce, Loretta gave custody of Cleveland Jr. to Cleveland and forced him to move. The two left for California. However, en route, they decided to live in Stoolbend, Virginia, instead, where Cleveland married Donna Tubbs, and Rallo and Roberta became his step-siblings. Junior's most prominent character traits are his laziness, obesity, and low social intelligence (although there are occasional references to him being academically bright).", "title": "Cleveland Brown Jr." }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Splendid Source\n\n\"The Splendid Source\" is the 19th episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\". Directed by Brian Iles and written by Mark Hentemann, the episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on May 16, 2010. The episode follows Peter, Joe and Quagmire as they set out on a journey to find the ultimate source of all the world's dirty jokes. Along the way, the group is reunited with their old friend, Cleveland Brown, while traveling through Stoolbend, Virginia. Their journey becomes much more difficult than expected when they are kidnapped and taken to a remote island. There, they discover a secret society of the world's greatest geniuses at the center of all the world's dirty jokes. The plot is based on a short story of the same name written by Richard Matheson and first published in the May 1956 edition of \"Playboy\" magazine.\n\nThe episode was a follow-up to the departure of main character Cleveland Brown, who was removed from \"Family Guy\" to become the center of the spin-off \"The Cleveland Show\". Former series writer and cast member Mike Henry returned to the series to provide the voice of Cleveland. The episode also featured the first official crossover between \"Family Guy\" and \"The Cleveland Show\", and included cameo appearances by several of \"The Cleveland Show\"s main characters. The episode was first announced at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con International.\n\nCritical response to the episode was favorable. Reviewers praised the episode for the originality of its premise and its under-reliance on cultural references, but criticized the episode's plot. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 7.59 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Marc Alaimo, Gary Cole, Ioan Gruffudd, Sanaa Lathan, David Lynch, Kevin Michael Richardson and Wally Wingert, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. \"The Splendid Source\" was released on DVD along with ten other episodes from the season on December 13, 2011.", "title": "The Splendid Source" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pilot (The Cleveland Show)\n\n\"Pilot\" is the first episode of the first season of the animated comedy series \"The Cleveland Show\". Directed by Anthony Lioi and written by series creators Seth MacFarlane, Mike Henry and Richard Appel, the episode originally aired on Fox in the United States on September 27, 2009, along with the season 8 premiere of \"Family Guy\". The episode follows Cleveland Brown, and his son, Cleveland, Jr., as they begin their journey across the country, with a final destination of California. The two give a final farewell to their friends in Quahog, Rhode Island, but along the way to their destination, they decide to stop in Cleveland's hometown of Stoolbend, Virginia. While there, Cleveland reconnects with an old crush he had in high school, named Donna Tubbs, and immediately finds love, and eventually a new family. Cleveland and Donna ultimately decide to get married, and the two families begin to accept each other into their new lives.\n\nThe series is a spin-off of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\", which was created by executive producer Seth MacFarlane in 1999. Cleveland Brown, voiced by Mike Henry, was a recurring character on \"Family Guy\", and served as a neighbor to the Griffin family in Quahog. Prior to the pilot of \"The Cleveland Show\", Cleveland last appeared in the seventh season \"Family Guy\" episode \"Peter's Progress\"; he made infrequent guest appearances during the run of the show.\n\nCritical responses to the episode were mixed; critics praised its storyline and numerous cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 9.42 million viewers in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Alex Borstein, Stacy Ferguson, Seth Green, Mila Kunis, Jennifer Tilly and Patrick Warburton, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. \"Pilot\" was released on DVD along with all twenty other episodes from the first season on September 28, 2010.", "title": "Pilot (The Cleveland Show)" }, { "id": "5810370", "score": "1.6473037", "text": "Brown (voiced by Alex Borstein), until their divorce was portrayed in the \"Family Guy\" season 4 episode \"The Cleveland–Loretta Quagmire\". The pilot episode of \"The Cleveland Show\" depicts Cleveland's farewell to the familiar characters and settings of \"Family Guy\". \"The Cleveland Show\" establishes its setting of Stoolbend, Virginia as Cleveland's childhood home town, and introduces a new family and set of characters supporting Cleveland as lead. Following \"The Cleveland Show\"'s cancellation in 2013, Cleveland returned to \"Family Guy\". Cleveland is usually depicted as exceedingly peaceful, patient, and sweet, and only on rare occasions has he been known to lose his", "title": "Cleveland Brown" }, { "id": "16261826", "score": "1.6350021", "text": "Family Guy (season 12) \"Family Guy\" twelfth season began airing on Fox on September 29, 2013, and ended on May 18, 2014. The series follows the Griffin family, a dysfunctional family consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. During this season, Peter gets a vestigial twin (\"Vestigial Peter\"); the Griffins travel to Italy (\"Boopa-dee Bappa-dee\"); Quagmire and Peter form a folk band (\"Into Harmony's Way\"); and, as confirmed by series creator Seth MacFarlane, Cleveland moves back to Quahog along with his family, since", "title": "Family Guy (season 12)" }, { "id": "3592567", "score": "1.6315913", "text": "shown in various jobs for single episodes and cutaway gags. In one episode Peter played for the New England Patriots until his behavior resulted in him being kicked off the team. In a running gag, storylines are randomly interrupted by extremely long, unexpected fights between Peter and Ernie the Giant Chicken, an anthropomorphic chicken who serves as an arch-enemy to Peter. These battles parody the action film genre, with explosions, high-speed chases, and immense devastation to the town of Quahog. MacFarlane initially conceived \"Family Guy\" in 1995 while studying animation at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD). During college,", "title": "Peter Griffin" }, { "id": "16063602", "score": "1.620956", "text": "stay being extended indefinitely, and return to Quahog. The episode served as a follow-up to the exit of the main character Cleveland Brown, who left \"Family Guy\" in order to star in his own Fox spin-off, entitled \"The Cleveland Show\". Main cast member and former series writer Mike Henry returned to the series to provide the voice of Cleveland. The episode also featured a crossover between \"Family Guy\" and \"The Cleveland Show\", both of which were created by executive producer Seth MacFarlane, and included cameo appearances by two of \"The Cleveland Show\"s main characters. First announced at the 2011 San", "title": "Cool Hand Peter" }, { "id": "1565266", "score": "1.6117475", "text": "owner Cleveland and his wife Loretta (later Donna); paraplegic police officer Joe, his wife Bonnie, their son Kevin and their baby daughter Susie; neurotic Jewish pharmacist Mort, his wife Muriel, and their geeky and annoying son Neil; and elderly child molester Herbert. TV news anchors Tom Tucker and Diane Simmons, Asian reporter Tricia Takanawa, and \"Blaccu-Weather\" meteorologist Ollie Williams also make frequent appearances. Actors Adam West and James Woods guest star as themselves in various episodes. The primary setting of \"Family Guy\" is Quahog ( [pron. ko-hog or kwo-hog]), a fictional district of Providence, Rhode Island that was founded by", "title": "Family Guy" }, { "id": "14786411", "score": "1.6096659", "text": "created by \"Family Guy\" alumnus Dan Povenmire) made her first official appearance on \"Family Guy\" as James Woods's girlfriend, Priscilla; and voice actor H. Jon Benjamin reprised his role as Quahog Market owner Carl. Additionally, actors Max Burkholder, Colin Ford and Patrick Stewart also guest starred in the episode in minor roles. Recurring guest voice actors Lori Alan, John G. Brennan, Nicole Sullivan, Jennifer Tilly, and John Viener reprised their roles as news reporter Diane Simmons, Quahog pharmacist Mort Goldman, Muriel Goldman, Griffin family neighbor Bonnie Swanson, and Jillian's husband, Derek Wilcox, respectively. A minor appearance was also made by", "title": "And Then There Were Fewer" }, { "id": "5348754", "score": "1.6073579", "text": "North by North Quahog \"North by North Quahog\" is the first episode of the fourth season of \"Family Guy\", following the revival of the series three years after its cancellation in 2002. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 1, 2005, though it had premiered three days earlier at a special screening at the University of Vermont, Burlington. In the episode, Peter and Lois go on a second honeymoon to spice up their marriage, but are chased by Mel Gibson after Peter steals the sequel to \"The Passion of the Christ\" from Gibson's private", "title": "North by North Quahog" }, { "id": "3619326", "score": "1.5994405", "text": "survivor who concealed her Judaism, though she was raised a Protestant. Lois and the rest of the Griffins live in the fictional city of Quahog, Rhode Island, which is modeled after Cranston, Rhode Island. Lois primarily works as a housewife throughout the series, though she did give piano lessons in early episodes. Lois has also had various jobs in single episodes such as in \"FOX-y Lady\", where she becomes the new reporter for Fox News Channel, in \"It Takes a Village Idiot, and I Married One\", Lois is elected the mayor of Quahog, and in \"Call Girl\" Lois gets a", "title": "Lois Griffin" }, { "id": "12774826", "score": "1.5991497", "text": "network also began production of a film based on the show. \"North by North Quahog\" was the first episode to be broadcast after the show's cancellation. It was written by Seth MacFarlane and directed by Peter Shin. MacFarlane believed the show's three-year hiatus was beneficial because animated shows do not normally have hiatuses, and towards the end of their seasons \"... you see a lot more sex jokes and (bodily function) jokes and signs of a fatigued staff that their brains are just fried\". With \"North by North Quahog\", the writing staff tried to keep the show \"... exactly as", "title": "Family Guy (season 4)" }, { "id": "5348762", "score": "1.588874", "text": "dog feces, leading to a chase on the face of the mountain. While being chased, Lois slips but hangs on to George Washington's lips. Peter grabs her and, while being held at gunpoint, he tells Gibson that the film \"is in President Rushmore's mouth\" and points to the other side of the monument. Gibson follows Peter's direction and falls off the edge as Peter pulls Lois to safety. Upon climbing back to the top of the mountain, the two have sexual intercourse there, improving their marriage. In 2002, \"Family Guy\" was canceled after three seasons due to low ratings. The", "title": "North by North Quahog" }, { "id": "5348782", "score": "1.5880047", "text": "in an Animated Television Production. Fellow \"Family Guy\" director Dan Povenmire, was nominated for the same award for directing \"PTV\". North by North Quahog \"North by North Quahog\" is the first episode of the fourth season of \"Family Guy\", following the revival of the series three years after its cancellation in 2002. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 1, 2005, though it had premiered three days earlier at a special screening at the University of Vermont, Burlington. In the episode, Peter and Lois go on a second honeymoon to spice up their marriage,", "title": "North by North Quahog" }, { "id": "5240375", "score": "1.5782914", "text": "FCC to close PTV as she is concerned over the issue of how children will be influenced by Peter's programming. Not only do the FCC close down the network, but they also start censoring the citizens of Quahog, so the Griffin family travels to Washington, D.C. and convince the Congress to have the FCC's rules reversed. The episode was written by Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild and was directed by Dan Povenmire. The episode is a response to the FCC's measures to the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy. Show creator Seth MacFarlane commented that the episode's plot was inspired", "title": "PTV (Family Guy)" }, { "id": "14377460", "score": "1.5737013", "text": "listed \"April in Quahog\" as being \"full of the lowest of the lowest-common-denominator 'jokes', with heavy reliance on toilet humor and the characteristic cutaway gags that have steadily gotten more random and less funny.\" April in Quahog \"April in Quahog\" is the 16th episode of the eighth season of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\". It originally aired on Fox in the United States on April 11, 2010. The episode features the Griffin family as they attempt to live out their last day on Earth, after hearing an announcement on the local news about a black hole that is sucking", "title": "April in Quahog" }, { "id": "14782959", "score": "1.5715418", "text": "and \"Movin' Out (Brian's Song)\". Road to ... (Family Guy) The Road to... episodes, also known as the \"Family Guy Road\" shows, are a series of episodes in the animated series \"Family Guy\". They are a parody of the seven \"Road to...\" comedy films, starring Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, and Dorothy Lamour. These episodes revolve around Stewie Griffin and Brian on a road trip in a foreign, supernatural or science fiction setting not familiar to the show's normal location in Quahog, Rhode Island. The first, titled \"Road to Rhode Island\", aired on May 30, 2000, as a part of the", "title": "Road to ... (Family Guy)" }, { "id": "5812502", "score": "1.5714518", "text": "a car because their credit card was rejected. To get home, Stewie and Brian masquerade as crop dusters to steal a plane, which they immediately destroy. As the pair continue hitchhiking back to Quahog, they pass by a puppy mill near Austin, Texas, Brian's birthplace. Upon arrival, they discover that Brian's mother died one year prior to their arrival, was taxidermied and turned into a table by the puppy mill owners as a memorial. With Stewie's reluctant help, Brian gives his mother a proper burial. The pair eventually complete their journey home by riding in an open boxcar, where Brian", "title": "Road to Rhode Island" } ]

[ "", "40 seconds", "forty time", "40 time", "forty time", "time:seconds", "40" ]

[ { "id": "4512591", "score": "1.5862275", "text": "the clock by executing repeated quarterback kneels until the clock runs out. In the NFL and college football, up to 40 seconds can be taken off the clock between plays. The NFL also has a built-in two-minute warning that stops the clock after the play that occurs when the clock hits two minutes ends. In order to successfully run out the clock by kneeling, there must be less than 40 seconds on the clock if the opponent has two time-outs, 1 minute 20 seconds if the opponent has one time-out, or 2 minutes if the defense has no time-outs remaining,", "title": "Clock management" }, { "id": "6683956", "score": "1.5824864", "text": "or not functioning, game officials on the field will use a stopwatch or other similar device to enforce the rule. In all levels of Canadian football, the offensive team must run a play within 20 seconds of the referee whistling the play in; in amateur American football, teams have 25 seconds from the time the ball is declared ready for play. In the NFL, teams have 40 seconds timed from the end of the previous down. Before 2008, in college football, the play clock was 25 seconds after the ball was set, but the clock was not stopped for the", "title": "Play clock" }, { "id": "4427373", "score": "1.58222", "text": "penalty for delay of game (see below). This clock is typically 25 seconds from when the referee marks the ball ready for play. The NFL and NCAA use a 40-second play clock that starts immediately after the previous play ends, though for certain delays, such as penalty enforcement, the offense has 25 seconds from when the ball is marked ready. The purpose of the play clock is to ensure that the game progresses at a consistent pace, preventing unnecessary delays. Overall, clock management is a significant part of the game; teams leading toward the end of the game will often", "title": "American football rules" }, { "id": "6448724", "score": "1.5681729", "text": "is needed to earn a first down and maintain possession. In both professional and college football, the offense has 40 seconds (in the Alliance of American Football, 30) from the end of the previous play to run the next play. A team running out the clock will allow the play clock (which records the time remaining until a play must be run) to drain as much as possible before running its next play. In the NFL, this is particularly noteworthy due to the existence of the two-minute warning. If the trailing team has no timeouts remaining and the leading team", "title": "Running out the clock" }, { "id": "6683957", "score": "1.560718", "text": "ball to be set unless the previous play resulted in a stoppage of the clock. Now, the same intervals as the NFL are used, with minor differences for the final two minutes of each half. Various professional leagues have used their own standards; the XFL, for instance, used a 35-second play clock to encourage faster play. Arena football uses a 32-second play clock. Also in the Canadian Football League, a \"time count\" is enforced differently at certain points of the game. If the time count occurs before the three-minute mark of a half, the penalty is five yards and the", "title": "Play clock" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Quarterback kneel" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Play clock" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Clock management\n\nIn gridiron football, clock management is an aspect of game strategy that focuses on the game clock and/or play clock to achieve a desired result, typically near the end of a match. Depending on the game situation, clock management may entail playing in a manner that either slows or quickens the time elapsed from the game clock, to either extend the match or hasten its end. When the desired outcome is to end the match quicker, it is analogous to \"running out the clock\" (and associated counter-tactics) seen in many sports. Clock management strategies are a significant part of American football, where an elaborate set of rules dictates when the game clock stops between downs, and when it continues to run.", "title": "Clock management" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "American football rules\n\nGameplay in American football consists of a series of \"downs\", individual plays of short duration, outside of which the ball is \"dead\" or not in play. These can be plays from scrimmage – passes, runs, punts, or field goal attempts (from either a place kick or a drop kick) – or free kicks such as kickoffs and fair catch kicks. Substitutions can be made between downs, which allows for a great deal of specialization as coaches choose the players best suited for each particular situation. During a play, each team should have no more than 11 players on the field, and each of them has specific tasks assigned for that specific play.", "title": "American football rules" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Two-minute warning\n\nIn most levels of professional American football, the two-minute warning is a suspension of play that occurs when two minutes remain on the game clock in each half of a game, i.e., near the end of the second and fourth quarters, and overtime. Its effect on play is similar to that of a timeout: the game clock stops and the teams gather to discuss strategy. The suspension of play is two minutes long, the same as the short two-minute intermissions between quarters within each half. Its name reflects its origins as a point in the game where the officials would inform the teams that the half was nearly over, as the official game clock was not displayed in the stadium at the time the two-minute warning was created.\n\nWith the official game clock being displayed prominently in the stadium in modern times, the original purpose of the two-minute warning is no longer necessary, but it has nevertheless evolved into an important reference point in a game. A number of rules change at the two-minute warning, including several relating to the game clock. The two-minute warning is often an important factor in a team's clock management strategy.\n\nAn additional rationale for retaining the two minute warning is related to the value of television airtime at that point in the game. Television networks invariably run commercials as soon the two minute warning is called, with those slots being among the most lucrative of any in a major football telecast.\n\nThe two-minute warning is called when the clock reaches exactly 2:00 if the ball is dead at that time. If the ball is in play when the clock reaches 2:00, the play is allowed to come to its normal end and the two-minute warning is called when the play ends. Therefore, it is not uncommon for the two-minute warning to be called with less than two minutes on the clock, for example 1:55.\n\nRegardless of when it is invoked, the clock is always stopped for the two-minute warning even if the situation would otherwise call for the clock to run. Furthermore, in dead ball situations, regardless of how much time remains on the play clock when the two minute warning comes into effect, that clock is always reset in the same manner it normally would be after a clock-stopping play. The game clock starts again when the ball is snapped for the following play. \n\nThere is an additional two-minute warning in the rare event only two minutes remain in an overtime period, which lasts a maximum of ten minutes in the regular season (prior to , the extra period ran fifteen minutes). However, in the postseason, where games continue indefinitely until there is a score, the usual timing rules for a half apply in overtime. Thus, there is no two-minute warning in the first overtime, but if in the second overtime, and any subsequent even overtime period, a game were to be still tied with two minutes remaining, there would be a two-minute warning. As of , no NFL playoff game has ever reached the two minute warning in overtime.", "title": "Two-minute warning" }, { "id": "1773996", "score": "1.5531013", "text": "game, as in the NFL; to do so, they must throw the red flag before the next play. If the play stands as called after the play is reviewed they lose a timeout; however, if the play is reversed they keep their timeouts. If a team wins two straight challenges they are granted a third. All challenges are automatic in the final minute of each half and all overtime periods, as they are on all scoring plays and turnovers. A game has four 15-minute quarters with a 15-minute halftime (ArenaBowl has a 30-minute interval). Teams are allowed three timeouts per", "title": "Arena football" }, { "id": "9893040", "score": "1.5483236", "text": "fails to put the ball in play by either snap or free kick before the play clock expires. This time limit varies by league, and is often 25 seconds from the time the referee signals the ball ready for play. In the National Football League, it can also be 40 seconds from the end of the previous down, depending on the circumstances at the time. Also, the defensive team can be given the same penalty if, after a play has ended, they fail to quickly yield the ball to officials, prevent a player on the offense from getting up, or", "title": "Delay of game" }, { "id": "4427376", "score": "1.5398977", "text": "team is decided by a coin toss (see below). In the NFL, an automatic timeout is called by the officials when there are two minutes left in both the second and the fourth quarters, and overtime; this is most commonly referred to as the \"two-minute warning.\" No such warning is normally given in amateur football, though if there is no visible stadium clock, the referee will give a two-minute warning (four minutes in high school). If a game is tied at the end of four quarters, \"overtime\" is played. In overtime, the coin is tossed to determine which team will", "title": "American football rules" }, { "id": "4031377", "score": "1.5386009", "text": "game clock and play clock to begin in the last minutes of a half; whereas in the National Football League the clock remains running while the officials set the ball (dependent upon the result of the previous play—penalty, incomplete pass, out-of-bounds, or tackle inbounds in both leagues) while the play clock of 40 seconds runs down. The game clock only begins again when the play is whistled in, for an inbounds tackle, or at the snap of the ball for the other outcomes in the CFL. A team that is ahead has one fewer opportunity to kill clock time in", "title": "Comparison of American and Canadian football" }, { "id": "4512589", "score": "1.537328", "text": "play and restarts at the next snap unless otherwise provided: If the clock runs out during a play, the current play is allowed to continue to its conclusion. If the clock runs out between downs, the period ends in American football, but in Canadian football the offense is allowed one last down. Each team is given three timeouts per half which they can use to stop the clock from running after a play. In the NFL, teams get two timeouts in a preseason or regular season overtime period, or three in a postseason overtime half. On a fair-catch punt, the", "title": "Clock management" }, { "id": "4031328", "score": "1.5336219", "text": "In American football, the offensive team must run a play within 25 seconds of the referee whistling the play in – except in the NCAA (college) and the NFL where teams have 40 seconds from the end of the previous play, or 25 seconds following a penalty or timeout. In Canadian football, teams have 20 seconds regardless of the preceding situation. American football rules allow each team to have three timeouts in each half, and the NFL stops play for a \"two-minute warning\". However, NCAA football has no two-minute warning, but the clock stops on a first down until the", "title": "Comparison of American and Canadian football" }, { "id": "12363112", "score": "1.5206687", "text": "option to receive, kick, or select a goal to defend to begin the second half. Most teams choose to receive or defer, because choosing to kick the ball to start the game would allow the other team to choose which goal to defend. Teams switch goals following the first and third quarters. If a down is in progress when a quarter ends, play continues until the down is completed. Games last longer than their defined length due to play stoppages – the average NFL game lasts slightly over three hours. Time in a football game is measured by the game", "title": "American football" }, { "id": "4212197", "score": "1.520278", "text": "for the Bills, 18–17. Another common practice, particularly in high school, college and the NFL, is for a team that, with its defense on the field, is trailing the opposing team near the end of the regulation by a touchdown or less to use their time outs when the winning team is using the victory formation to run out the clock. Since winning teams using the quarterback kneel can run off the last 90 seconds to 2 minutes of a game (depending on the level) with three successive kneels, the losing team will call a time out to stop the", "title": "Time-out (sport)" }, { "id": "20436483", "score": "1.5201628", "text": "American football, the player's team must score more points than the opponent's team within the time limit of the game. The game consists of four quarters, each a simulated 15 minutes in length, and takes place on a horizontally scrolling 100-yard simulated football field. Player 1 always starts the game on offense and receives the opening kick-off from Player 2; at the start of the second half, Player 2 will receive the kick-off from Player 1. \"NFL Football\" is played in the same basic manner as a regulation game of football, with the offense being given four downs to advance", "title": "NFL Football (video game)" }, { "id": "6448725", "score": "1.5031604", "text": "is in possession of the ball with a first down at the two-minute warning, they can effectively run out the clock and win the game without running another positive play. With two minutes to go (120 seconds), the offense can take three \"knees\", one each on 1st, 2nd, and 3rd down (using all 40 seconds from the play clock on each), and allow the game clock to expire before having to run a play for fourth down. A similar situation can be had by also achieving a first down inside the two-minute warning. This practice is commonly known as the", "title": "Running out the clock" }, { "id": "5625116", "score": "1.5003932", "text": "the September 11 attacks, since the San Diego Chargers had their bye week during the week following 9/11 and the league nearly outright canceled that week’s slate of games. The league also introduced a new eight-year scheduling rotation designed so that all teams will play each other at least twice during those eight years, and play in every other team’s stadium at least once. Under scheduling formulas in use from 1978 to 2001, two teams in different divisions might never play each other for over fifteen seasons. Under the new scheduling formula, only two of a team’s games each season", "title": "2002 NFL season" }, { "id": "12363113", "score": "1.489912", "text": "clock. An operator is responsible for starting, stopping and operating the game clock based on the direction of the appropriate official. A separate clock, the play clock, is used to determine if a delay of game infraction has been committed. If the play clock expires before the ball has been snapped or free-kicked, a delay of game foul is called on the offense. The play clock is set to 40 seconds in professional and college football and to 25 seconds in high school play or following certain administrative stoppages in the former levels of play. There are two main ways", "title": "American football" }, { "id": "6448721", "score": "1.4894545", "text": "clock. In American football, each quarter of a game is measured with a 15-minute game clock, or 12-minute clock in many high school football codes and the German Football League. A team in possession of the lead and the ball will attempt to use up as much of the game clock as possible in order to bring the game to an end more quickly, thus denying the opposition another chance on offense. Typically, the leading team will execute a series of simple rushing plays (the clock does not stop moving at the conclusion of a rushing play unless the rusher", "title": "Running out the clock" }, { "id": "4031372", "score": "1.4889665", "text": "or more are common in American football but rare in Canadian. In theory, an NFL team taking possession on their own one-yard line, using three downs for each first-down conversion and the full 40 second clock could run 27 plays and consume a full 18 minutes of clock time covering the 99 yards. A CFL team doing something similar (two plays per conversion, 20 second clock, average 10 seconds of clock time while the officials reset the ball between plays, 109 yards) would run 24 plays and consume 12 minutes of clock at the most. Typical drive lengths in practice", "title": "Comparison of American and Canadian football" }, { "id": "6923303", "score": "1.4864719", "text": "but if the second overtime, or any subsequent even overtime, is still tied with two minutes remaining (which has never happened), there will be a two-minute warning. If the football is in play when the clock reaches 2:00, the two-minute warning is called immediately after the play concludes, when the ball is declared dead. The two-minute warning stops the game clock in all cases. The origins are from the early years in the NFL when the official game time was kept by a member of the officiating crew, with the stadium clock being unofficial. Its purpose was a checkpoint to", "title": "Two-minute warning" } ]

[ "wicked witch of west", "The Witch of the West", "witch of west", "Witch of the West", "Wicked witch", "The Wicked Witch", "Wicked Witch of the West", "The Wicked Witch of the West", "Wicked witch of the west", "Wicked Witch", "The Wizard of Oz/Wicked Witch of the West", "wicked witch", "wizard of oz wicked witch of west" ]

[ { "id": "15020804", "score": "1.6915619", "text": "says he will grant the group their wishes if they do something for him first. He demands: \"Bring Me the Broomstick\" of the Wicked Witch of the West. In a forest on the way to the castle of the Wicked Witch of the West, the group try to figure out how to steal the broomstick (\"We Went to See the Wizard\"). They hide from a group of the Witch’s Winkies (\"March of the Winkies\"). Meanwhile, in her castle, the Witch sends her flying monkeys to capture Dorothy and Toto and bring them to the castle (\"Red Shoes Blues\"). She imprisons", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (2011 musical)" }, { "id": "654686", "score": "1.6615009", "text": "while the Scarecrow's straw hides the other three. She sends her Winkie soldiers to attack them, but the Cowardly Lion stands firm to repel them. Finally, she uses the power of the Golden Cap to send the winged monkeys to capture Dorothy, Toto, and the Cowardly Lion, unstuff the Scarecrow, and dent the Tin Woodman. Dorothy is forced to become the Wicked Witch's personal slave, while the witch schemes to steal Dorothy's Silver Shoes. The Wicked Witch successfully tricks Dorothy out of one of her Silver Shoes. Angered, Dorothy throws a bucket of water at her and is shocked to", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "16032684", "score": "1.6600884", "text": "Witch sets the Scarecrow on fire. Dorothy, with Tom and Jerry's help, puts out the fire with the water, destroying the Witch, who melts when Dorothy accidentally splashes her. The soldiers celebrate the Witch's death and allow Dorothy to take the broom. They return to the Emerald City and present the broom to the Wizard, but he still refuses to grant their wishes until tomorrow. Although the Wizard turns out to be an ordinary man behind an illusion, he nevertheless promises to grant their wishes and take Dorothy, Tom, Jerry, and Toto back to Kansas in his hot air balloon.", "title": "Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "17932994", "score": "1.6510432", "text": "are quickly defeated. Ozzy decides to break the broom in order to remove Evilene's powers for good, and tells the rest of the winged monkeys that they obey Evilene due to their dumb and cowardly mindset. The Monkeys rebel against Evilene who discovers there is some power left in the broom and tries to defeat Ozzy who escapes with a part of the broom. A chase through the streets of Emerald City ends with a crash in the fountain dedicated to Dorothy Gale, and the wicked witch is melted for good. As the story ends, Glinda breaks Evilene's spell on", "title": "Guardians of Oz" }, { "id": "17932991", "score": "1.643267", "text": "Witch, conspires with her Flying Monkeys to retrieve her broom. However, a friendly little monkey named Ozzy forgets to close the gate of the castle and a battle ensues between the flying monkeys and the 'Bums of Oz.' Evilene retrieves her broom and repels the Champions of Oz from the castle. She then punishes Ozzy's father, transforming him into a chicken. Angered by the witch's spell on his father, Ozzy steals the broom from Evilene and runs away from the palace. Ozzy reaches Glinda to find she has been paralyzed by accidentally drinking a magic potion created by her niece", "title": "Guardians of Oz" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)\n\nThe Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). An adaptation of L. Frank Baum's 1900 children's fantasy novel \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", the film was primarily directed by Victor Fleming (who left the production to take over the troubled \"Gone with the Wind\"), and stars Judy Garland, Frank Morgan, Ray Bolger, Bert Lahr, Jack Haley, Billie Burke, and Margaret Hamilton. Noel Langley, Florence Ryerson, and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay, while others made uncredited contributions. The music was composed by Harold Arlen and adapted by Herbert Stothart, with lyrics by Edgar \"Yip\" Harburg.\n\nCharacterized by its use of Technicolor, fantasy storytelling, musical score, and memorable characters, \"The Wizard of Oz\" was considered a critical success and was nominated for six Academy Awards including Best Picture, ultimately winning Best Original Song for \"Over the Rainbow\" and Best Original Score for Stothart. While the film was sufficiently popular at the box office, it failed to make a profit for MGM until its 1949 re-release, earning only $3 million on a $2.7 million budget, which made it MGM's most expensive production at that time.\n\nThe 1956 television broadcast premiere of the film on CBS reintroduced the film to the public; according to the U.S. Library of Congress, it is the most seen film in movie history. In 1989, it was selected by the Library of Congress as one of the first 25 films for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"; it is also one of few films on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The film was ranked second in \"Variety\"s inaugural 100 Greatest Movies of All Time list published in 2022. It was among the top ten in the 2005 BFI (British Film Institute) list of \"50 films to be seen by the age of 14\", and is on the BFI's updated list of \"50 films to be seen by the age of 15\" released in May 2020. \"The Wizard of Oz\" has become the source of many quotes referenced in contemporary popular culture. The film frequently ranks on critics' lists of the greatest films of all time, and is the most commercially successful adaptation of L. Frank Baum's work.", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Oz characters (created by Baum)\n\nThis is a list of characters in the original Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum. The majority of characters listed here unless noted otherwise have appeared in multiple books under various plotlines. \"Oz\" is made up of four divisions that surround the \"Emerald City\" in the center. The country as a whole was originally enchanted by a character named Queen Lurline, who is described in the Oz backstory. Additional characters were added in regions surrounding \"The Land of Oz\" (beyond the deserts) as the series progressed.\n\nAside from the immigrant humans and Dorothy's and Betsy's pets, the characters here are each listed under what division they are most associated with in the storyline or storylines. \nSection::::Immigrant humans and pets.\nSection::::Aunt Em and Uncle Henry.\nAunt Em and Uncle Henry appear in \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\". They are Dorothy Gale's guardian aunt and uncle. They live a joyless and gray life on a small farm on the prairies of Kansas. Neither of them believe their niece when she tells them she has been to the Land of Oz; they consider her a mere dreamer, as her dead mother had been. This changes when the two later face foreclosure on their farm. Dorothy arranges with Princess Ozma to bring them to Oz, so that they can escape their bleak fates and be safe and finally content. Eventually, in \"The Emerald City of Oz\", they move permanently to Oz and take up jobs there.", "title": "List of Oz characters (created by Baum)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Wicked Witch of the East\n\nThe Wicked Witch of the East is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum. She is a crucial \ncharacter but appears only briefly in Baum's classic children's series of \"Oz\" novels, most notably \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\" (1900).\n\nThe Wicked Witch was a middle-aged, malevolent woman who conquered and tyrannized the Munchkin Country in Oz's eastern quadrant, forcing the native Munchkins to slave for her night and day. Her charmed Silver Shoes (famously changed to magic ruby slippers in the 1939 film musical) held many mysterious powers and were her most precious and prized possession. The Witch met her demise when Dorothy Gale's farmhouse landed on her after being swept into the sky by a cyclone. Her old and withered body turned to dust, leaving behind the magical shoes that were passed to Dorothy as their new owner.", "title": "Wicked Witch of the East" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Super Bowl commercials\n\nDuring the annual television broadcast of the National Football League Super Bowl championship, the commercials that are aired draw considerable attention. In 2010, Nielsen reported that 51% of viewers prefer the commercials to the game itself. This article does not list advertisements for a local region or station (e.g. promoting local news shows), pre-kickoff and post-game commercials/sponsors, or in-game advertising sponsors and television bumpers.", "title": "List of Super Bowl commercials" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Evil Queen (Disney)\n\nThe Evil Queen, also known as the Wicked Queen, Queen Grimhilde, or just the Queen, is a fictional character who appears as the main antagonist in Walt Disney Productions' first animated feature film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937) and remains a villain character in their extended \"Snow White\" franchise. She is based on the Evil Queen character from the 1812 German fairy tale \"Snow White\".\n\nIn the film, similar to the Brothers Grimm story it is based on, the Evil Queen is cold, sadistic, cruel, and extremely vain, owning a magic mirror, and obsessively desiring to remain the \"fairest in the land\". She becomes madly envious over the beauty of her stepdaughter, Princess Snow White, as well as the attentions of the Prince from another land; such love triangle element is one of Disney's changes to the story. This leads her to plot the death of Snow White and ultimately on the path to her own demise, which in the film is indirectly caused by the Seven Dwarfs. The film's version of the Queen character uses her dark magic powers to actually transform herself into an old woman instead of just taking a disguise like in the Grimms' story; this appearance of hers is commonly referred to as the Wicked Witch or alternatively as the Old Hag or just the Witch in the stepmother's disguised form. The Queen dies in the film, but lives on in a variety of non-canonical Disney works.\n\nThe film's version of the Queen was created by Walt Disney and Joe Grant, and originally animated by Art Babbitt and voiced by Lucille La Verne. Inspiration for her design came from the characters of Queen Hash-a-Motep from \"She\" and Princess Kriemhild from \"Die Nibelungen\". The Queen has since been voiced by Eleanor Audley, June Foray, Janet Waldo, Eda Reiss Merin, Louise Chamis and Susanne Blakeslee, and was portrayed live by Anne Francine (musical), Jane Curtin (50th anniversary TV special), Olivia Wilde (\"Disney Dream Portraits\"), and Kathy Najimy (\"Descendants\").\n\nThis version of the fairy tale character has been very well received by film critics and the public, and is considered one of Disney's most iconic and menacing villains. Besides in the film, the Evil Queen has made numerous appearances in Disney attractions and productions, including not only these directly related to the tale of Snow White, such as \"Fantasmic!\", \"The Kingdom Keepers\" and \"Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep\", sometimes appearing in them alongside Maleficent from \"Sleeping Beauty\". The film's version of the Queen has also become a popular archetype that influenced a number of artists and non-Disney works.", "title": "Evil Queen (Disney)" }, { "id": "7139617", "score": "1.6414332", "text": "tree which enables the group to cross the opening of the canyon. After escaping the Kalidahs, the Scarecrow gets caught in the middle of a river on a pole which cuts them off from the Yellow Brick Road, but luckily Mrs. Crane (an actual crane) saves him. A deadly field of poppies puts Dorothy, Toto and the Lion to sleep, but they manage to escape with the help of the Mouse Queen, and her subjects, whom the Tin Man rescued from a wildcat. They arrive at the Emerald City the next day, and thanks to the Good Witch of the", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)" }, { "id": "2316743", "score": "1.6409676", "text": "boat who doff their hats to her as well as miscellaneous debris flying by them. Finally, Dorothy saw Miss Almira Gulch, who was going to abduct Toto to the sheriff, fly on her bicycle outside the window, becoming a witch on a broom. As one of the first movies to be filmed in Technicolor, the director had the color of the famous magic slippers changed from silver to red because the Ruby slippers were more visually appealing on film. She is reunited with Aunt Em, Uncle Henry, their three farm workers (Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion's alter egos), and", "title": "Dorothy Gale" }, { "id": "12306805", "score": "1.6320977", "text": "escape and help the Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion to find her. They disguise themselves in Winkie uniforms and sneak into the castle. They find her, but the Wicked Witch foils their escape. She attacks the Scarecrow with fire, and Dorothy throws a bucket of water at him, accidentally dousing the witch. She screams, steams, and melts into nothing (\"Ding Dong! The Witch Is Dead\" - Reprise). The friends take her broom back to the Emerald City. The Wizard is again reluctant to meet Dorothy and friends. Toto pulls aside the curtain behind which the Wizard is revealed as an", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)" }, { "id": "16032681", "score": "1.6139419", "text": "Toto, meeting the Scarecrow who has no brain, the Tin Man who has no heart and the Cowardly Lion who has no courage. They make it to the Emerald City to meet the Wizard, who decides to grant their wishes on the condition they kill the Witch and bring back her broomstick. While walking through the haunted forest to get to the Witch's castle, Dorothy and Toto are captured by the Witch's flying monkeys, but are pursued by Tom, Jerry and the others. At the Witch's castle, the Witch puts Toto in a basket and threatens to drown him in", "title": "Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "12306801", "score": "1.6000613", "text": "Out\"; \"Ding Dong! The Witch Is Dead\"). The Wicked Witch of the West (who resembles Miss Gulch) arrives to claim her sister's magic ruby slippers and vows to avenge her death. Glinda has already put the slippers on Dorothy's feet, further infuriating the witch. Dorothy wants to go home to Kansas. The Munchkins tell her that the Wizard of Oz will know what to do (\"Follow the Yellow Brick Road\"). She starts off towards the Emerald City. Dorothy and Toto meet three strange traveling companions, each of whom needs help: The Scarecrow's head is full of straw (\"If I Only", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1987 musical)" }, { "id": "16032680", "score": "1.5856036", "text": "Glinda, gave the witch's Ruby slippers to Dorothy, but the Wicked Witch of the West appeared and swore to claim the slippers for herself. Glinda sent down Dorothy the Yellow Brick Road to reach the Emerald City and find the famed Wizard of Oz in order to get back home. Tuffy advises them not to follow, but Tom and Jerry keep their promise to protect her and insist on following her. Tuffy wishes to be taller, so he decides to accompany them as he wants to see the Wizard as well. Tom, Jerry, and Tuffy soon reunite with Dorothy and", "title": "Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "2888756", "score": "1.5824594", "text": "and surround them. When the Witch sets fire to the Scarecrow, Dorothy tosses a bucket of water at him; water also splashes the Witch, who melts away. The guards rejoice and give Dorothy the broomstick. Back in the Emerald City, as the Wizard stalls in fulfilling his promises Toto pulls back a curtain and exposes the \"Wizard\" as a middle-aged man speaking through a microphone. He denies Dorothy's accusation that he is a bad man, but admits to being a humbug. He then gives the Scarecrow a diploma, the Lion a medal, and the Tin Man a ticking heart-shaped watch,", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "2888755", "score": "1.5811626", "text": "large ghostly head surrounded by fire and smoke. He agrees to grant their wishes if they prove their worth by bringing him the Witch's broomstick. As the four (plus Toto) make their way to the Witch's castle, the Witch sends her winged monkeys to capture Dorothy and Toto. At the castle, the Witch realizes that Dorothy must be dead before the ruby slippers can be removed. Toto escapes and leads her three friends to the castle. They ambush three guards, don the guards' uniforms, and march inside to locate Dorothy. The Witch and her guards chase them through the castle", "title": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)" }, { "id": "4588199", "score": "1.5809007", "text": "the Emerald City and meeting the Wizard, Dorothy and her friends are sent to retrieve the Wicked Witch of the West's magic eye, a tool she uses to see anything she desires in the Land of Oz. The group assumes that completing this task will result in the granting of their wishes. The Wicked Witch of the West (Miss Piggy) sees them coming and consults with her pet Foo-Foo and her henchman Johnny Fiama. When the Wicked Witch of the West plans to have either her pack of 40 great man-eating wolves, a flock of 40 crows of despair, a", "title": "The Muppets' Wizard of Oz" }, { "id": "19514130", "score": "1.5794988", "text": "surface, and the Wizard arrives shortly thereafter, having managed to tame the flying monkeys that got glued to his balloon with one of his magic potions that made giant bananas for them. With Oz safe once more, the Wizard returns to a formal position in the Emerald City while still leaving the Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Lion in charge, and after Dorothy asks about the ruby slippers, only to learn from Glinda that she's earned the right to keep them permanently, along with the Wizard adding on that she'll need them to visit them in Oz again often, Dorothy takes", "title": "Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz" }, { "id": "19514124", "score": "1.5762287", "text": "has kept him underground, Dorothy and her friends journey to Topeka to get the Wizard to return to Oz and set everything straight. After using some of Glinda's magic potion to bring the Gale farm tractor to life to take them to the Kansas State Fair, they are able to gain entry when they present the carnie at the gate with emeralds from the Emerald City to cover their entrance fee. Once they find the Wizard, he's grown tired of his magic shows and agrees to take them back to Oz in his hot air balloon, but needs the aid", "title": "Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz" }, { "id": "2895661", "score": "1.5752923", "text": "exchange promises to grant her request to be sent home. Surprisingly, Dorothy \"destroys\" the Witch by throwing a pail of water on her, causing her to melt. Defeated, the Wizard reveals to the group that he is in fact not a real wizard and has no magical powers, but he promises to grant Dorothy's wish and take her home himself in his balloon. He leaves the Scarecrow in his place to rule Oz. Finally, it is discovered that the wizard had given the daughter of the last king of Oz, Princess Ozma, to the old witch Mombi to have her", "title": "Land of Oz" }, { "id": "7139621", "score": "1.5701096", "text": "and keep her as her personal cook upon seeing she has the magic shoes and tries various tricks to get them off her feet, to no avail. Dorothy eventually tips a large water jar upon the Witch, and all her evil work dies with her as she melts away. The grateful Winkies then help Dorothy find her friends and restore them. Soon the friends are together again, and Dorothy discovers the Wicked Witch's Golden Cap. Her friends make her promise that she will not use the cap to summon the Winged Monkeys, as the idea terrifies them. As the group", "title": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986 TV series)" }, { "id": "3476298", "score": "1.5656471", "text": "cardboard box that also contains a small green frog called Cyril, the animal whom Ethel had used in her demonstration. Cyril escapes and hops to Mildred's room. Cyril tells Mildred that Drusilla hid Einstein in the hollow pine tree outside the school gates and that he overheard several conversations about stealing projects and turning pots into snakes. After releasing Cyril into the woods, Mildred gets on her broomstick and, during a violent thunderstorm, finds and rescues Einstein. On landing she is confronted by Miss Hardbroom, who takes Mildred and Einstein inside and, after hearing part of the incidents from Mildred,", "title": "The Worst Witch" }, { "id": "3655724", "score": "1.5576181", "text": "with her broom as proof, in exchange for granting the wishes of Dorothy and her companions. Unlike Baum's original depiction, the Wicked Witch sends the Winged Monkeys as the first wave of attack. The Golden Cap is not mentioned but, after the failure of her poppy spell, the Witch does hold and then angrily cast away a costume piece that could be considered the cap (It greatly resembles the Cap in depicted in W. W. Denslow's original illustrations for \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\") and was mentioned as her \"wishing cap\" in the original shooting script. She is killed when", "title": "Wicked Witch of the West" } ]

[ "Nose Candy", "ATCvet code QR02AD03", "Cocaine hydrochloride", "Columbian marching powder", "Synthetic cocaine", "crack heads", "ATC code R02AD03", "Freebase cocaine", "Cocaine HCl", "Ye yo", "cocaine hydrochloride", "gaggas", "crack overdose", "atc code s01ha01", "Benzoylmethylecgonine", "ATC code S01HA01", "atcvet code qn01bc01", "Gaggas", "ye yo", "cocoaine", "cocaine", "Crack overdose", "atcvet code qr02ad03", "Cocaine-related disorders", "Farlopa", "coke drug", "ATCvet code QS02DA02", "Coke (drug)", "Effects of cocaine", "cocaine related disorders", "methyl benzoylecgonine", "Prohibition of cocaine in the United States", "yeyo", "ATCvet code QN01BC01", "Bolivian marching powder", "crackpipe", "erythroxyline", "Crack heads", "Erythroxyline", "atcvet code qs01ha01", "effects of cocaine", "farlopa", "ATCvet code QS01HA01", "atc code r02ad03", "ATC code N01BC01", "atc code s02da02", "cocaine abuse", "Cocaine", "nose candy", "Methylbenzoylecgonine", "Cocain", "Crackpipe", "cocaine trafficking", "crack cocaine", "Yeyo", "synthetic cocaine", "Cocoaine", "Cocaine hydro-chloride", "prohibition of cocaine in united states", "methylbenzoylecgonine", "bolivian marching powder", "kilogram of cocaine", "Cocaine trafficking", "cocaine hydro chloride", "cocaine hcl", "Powdered cocaine", "Nose candy", "freebase cocaine", "cocaine trade", "columbian marching powder", "atc code n01bc01", "ATC code S02DA02", "Crack+cocaine", "powdered cocaine", "cocain", "Kilogram of cocaine", "Benzoyl methyl ecgonine", "Llello", "Cocaine Abuse", "atcvet code qs02da02", "benzoylmethylecgonine", "Cocaine trade", "benzoyl methyl ecgonine", "Methyl benzoylecgonine", "llello" ]

[ { "id": "374484", "score": "2.0384486", "text": "he injects in a seven-percent solution with a syringe kept in a Morocco leather case. Although Holmes also dabbles in morphine, he expresses strong disapproval when he visits an opium den; both drugs were legal in 19th-century England. As a physician, Watson strongly disapproves of his friend's cocaine habit, describing it as the detective's \"only vice\", and concerned about its effect on Holmes's mental health and intellect. In \"The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter\", Watson says that although he has \"weaned\" Holmes from drugs, the detective remains an addict whose habit is \"not dead, but merely sleeping\". Watson and Holmes", "title": "Sherlock Holmes" }, { "id": "2911062", "score": "1.9459238", "text": "to claim that he had been killed, and thus the famed \"Great Hiatus\" is more or less preserved. It is during these travels that the events of Meyer's sequel \"The Canary Trainer\" occur. Holmes's addiction to cocaine is developed out of the opening scene of Conan Doyle's \"The Sign of Four\". In that scene, Holmes describes the cocaine with which he is injecting himself as \"a seven-per-cent solution.\" In his Introduction, Meyer's Watson declares that \"The Lion's Mane\", \"The Mazarin Stone\", \"The Creeping Man\" and \"The Three Gables\" (all Arthur Conan Doyle-written adventures from 1927's \"The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes\")", "title": "The Seven-Per-Cent Solution" }, { "id": "5277963", "score": "1.8742311", "text": "life forbidden such a notion\". Sherlock Holmes' use of cocaine is also similar to Brother William's use of a mysterious herb. The book explains that Brother William used to collect some herb that has a mentally stimulating effect, but it does not seem narcotic. \"He sometimes stopped at the edge of a meadow, at the entrance to a forest, to gather some herb [...] and he would then chew it with an absorbed look. He kept some of it with him, and ate it in the moments of great tension\". William of Baskerville William of Baskerville (Italian: \"Guglielmo da Baskerville\")", "title": "William of Baskerville" }, { "id": "18452498", "score": "1.8375919", "text": "were administered to infants and women with menstrual cramps, and included in food and beverages such as Coca-Cola. Literary characters such as Sherlock Holmes were portrayed using morphine and cocaine. Holmes is described as having a particular penchant for overt injections of a 7% solution of cocaine - though only when lacking adequate mental stimulation. The period ended with a series of laws regulating narcotic drugs in various countries and internationally. The International Opium Convention, signed in the Hague in 1912 by 11 countries and entering into force in 1915, was the first stab at a comprehensive drug control treaty", "title": "The Great Binge" }, { "id": "374485", "score": "1.8312978", "text": "both use tobacco, smoking cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. Although his chronicler does not consider Holmes's smoking a vice \"per se\", Watson—a physician—occasionally criticises the detective for creating a \"poisonous atmosphere\" in their confined quarters. The detective is known to charge clients for his expenses and claim any reward offered for a problem's solution, such as in \"The Adventure of the Speckled Band\", \"The Red-Headed League\", and \"The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet\". In \"The Problem of Thor Bridge\", the detective says, \"My professional charges are upon a fixed scale. I do not vary them, save when I remit them altogether\".", "title": "Sherlock Holmes" }, { "id": "2911059", "score": "1.8259883", "text": "tragedy\" in Holmes' childhood, but refuses to explain further when pressed by Watson. The heart of the novel consists of an account of Holmes' recovery from his addiction. Knowing that Sherlock would never willingly see a doctor about his addiction and mental problems, Watson and Holmes' brother Mycroft induce Holmes to travel to Vienna, where Watson introduces him to Dr. Freud. Using a treatment consisting largely of hypnosis, Freud helps Holmes shake off his addiction and his delusions about Moriarty, but neither he nor Watson can revive Holmes' dejected spirit. What finally does the job is a whiff of mystery:", "title": "The Seven-Per-Cent Solution" }, { "id": "94706", "score": "1.7712181", "text": "coward brave, the silent eloquent and render the sufferer insensitive to pain.\" By the late Victorian era, cocaine use had appeared as a vice in literature. For example, it was injected by Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional Sherlock Holmes, generally to offset the boredom he felt when he was not working on a case. In early 20th-century Memphis, Tennessee, cocaine was sold in neighborhood drugstores on Beale Street, costing five or ten cents for a small boxful. Stevedores along the Mississippi River used the drug as a stimulant, and white employers encouraged its use by black laborers. In 1909, Ernest Shackleton", "title": "Cocaine" }, { "id": "374483", "score": "1.7544011", "text": "much with the men of my year\". The detective is similarly described in \"A Study in Scarlet\". As shooting practice during a period of boredom, Holmes decorates the wall of his Baker Street lodgings with a \"patriotic\" \"VR\" (\"Victoria Regina\") in \"bullet-pocks\" from his revolver. Holmes relaxes with music in \"The Red-Headed League\", taking the evening off from a case to listen to Pablo de Sarasate play violin. His enjoyment of vocal music, particularly Wagner, is evident in \"The Adventure of the Red Circle\". Holmes occasionally uses addictive drugs, especially in the absence of stimulating cases. He uses cocaine, which", "title": "Sherlock Holmes" }, { "id": "2911061", "score": "1.7477304", "text": "and his brother of their deaths, and his tutor then became a dark and malignant figure in his subconscious. Freud and Watson conclude that Holmes, consciously unable to face the emotional ramifications of this event, has pushed them deep into his unconscious while finding outlets in fighting evil, pursuing justice, and many of his famous eccentricities, including his cocaine habit. However, they decide not to discuss these subjects with Holmes, believing that he would not accept them, and that it would needlessly complicate his recovery. Watson returns to London, but Holmes decides to travel alone for a while, advising Watson", "title": "The Seven-Per-Cent Solution" }, { "id": "5277962", "score": "1.7441611", "text": "led me to reject the thought\". Dr. Watson characterizes Sherlock Holmes' behavior by saying \"Nothing could exceed his energy when the working fit was upon him; but now and again a reaction would seize him, and for days on end he would lie upon the sofa in the sitting room, hardly uttering a word or moving a muscle from morning to night. On these occasions I have noticed such a dreamy, vacant expression in his eyes, that I might have suspected him of being addicted to the use of some narcotic, had not the temperance and cleanliness of his whole", "title": "William of Baskerville" }, { "id": "374522", "score": "1.7410927", "text": "the setting of H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos in Neil Gaiman's \"A Study in Emerald\" (which won the 2004 Hugo Award for Best Short Story). An especially influential pastiche was Nicholas Meyer's \"The Seven-Per-Cent Solution\", a 1974 \"New York Times\" bestselling novel in which Holmes's cocaine addiction has progressed to the point of endangering his career. It was made into a film of the same name in 1976 and popularised the pastiche-writing trend of incorporating clearly identified and contemporaneous historical figures (such as Oscar Wilde, Aleister Crowley, or Jack the Ripper) into tales featuring Holmes, something Conan Doyle himself never", "title": "Sherlock Holmes" }, { "id": "18507208", "score": "1.7204854", "text": "table, he sees a syringe in the half open drawer of the table and thinks that Holmes has indulged in a dose of Morphine or Cocaine, but Holmes corrects him saying that his true stimulant in a letter that he has received by the morning post. Dr. Watson notices that the letter is undated, unsigned and unaddressed. The letter states that a gentleman wants to consult Holmes on a matter of importance. They deduce from the letter that the writing is that of a man and that the paper is of German origin. From the grammar of the letter they", "title": "A Scandal in Bohemia (Sherlock Holmes episode)" }, { "id": "4690530", "score": "1.6630344", "text": "picture of the opium experience that was too positive and too enticing to readers. As early as 1823, an anonymous response, \"Advice to Opium Eaters\", was published \"to warn others from copying De Quincey.\" The fear of reckless imitation was not groundless: several English writers — Francis Thompson, James Thomson, William Blair, and perhaps Branwell Brontë — were led to opium use and addiction by De Quincey's literary example. Charles Baudelaire's 1860 translation and adaptation, \"Les paradis artificiels\", spread the work's influence further. One of the characters of the Sherlock Holmes story, \"The Man with the Twisted Lip\" (1891), is", "title": "Confessions of an English Opium-Eater" }, { "id": "4496287", "score": "1.6557629", "text": "he took a teaspoonful of morphine in a glass of whisky every day — and while he persisted in doing that it was only time & strength thrown away...” His writing focus, as well as the focus of his life, turned to the problem of opium addiction. He described this as “one of my life’s ruling passions — a very agony of seeking to find — any means of bringing the habituated opium-eater out of his horrible bondage, without, or comparatively without, pain.” His essay \"What Shall They Do to be Saved\" from \"Harper’s\" was included in the 1868 book", "title": "Fitz Hugh Ludlow" }, { "id": "2911058", "score": "1.6518357", "text": "all. \"The Seven-Per-Cent Solution\"'s Watson explains that they were published to conceal the truth concerning Holmes' \"Great Hiatus\". The novel begins in 1891, when Holmes first informs Watson of his belief that Professor James Moriarty is a \"Napoleon of Crime\". The novel presents this view as nothing more than the fevered imagining of Holmes' cocaine-sodden mind and further asserts that Moriarty was the childhood mathematics tutor of Sherlock and his brother Mycroft. Watson meets Moriarty, who denies that he is a criminal and reluctantly threatens to pursue legal action unless the latter's accusations cease. Moriarty also refers to a \"great", "title": "The Seven-Per-Cent Solution" }, { "id": "4355204", "score": "1.6498752", "text": "Edith's bedroom window, and sees that the only possible way for someone to climb up there is by using the creeper, rather unlikely for a 61-year-old man. Holmes has formed a theory that every nine days, Professor Presbury takes some kind of drug which causes the odd behaviour. Holmes believed that he became addicted in Prague, and is now supplied by this Dorak in London. Holmes has told Mr. Bennett that he and Watson will be in Camford once again on the next Tuesday. As is usual with Holmes, he does not explain why. He and Watson show up on", "title": "The Adventure of the Creeping Man" }, { "id": "6601267", "score": "1.6491601", "text": "in \"The Complete Casebook of Herlock Sholmes\" (Hawk Books 1989). Douglas Fairbanks played a cocaine-addicted Holmes spoof named \"Coke Enneday\" in \"The Mystery of the Leaping Fish\" (1916). Many of this \"scientific\" detective's possessions are checkered in the Holmes manner, including his detective hat, jacket, and even his car, and whenever he feels momentarily dejected, he nonchalantly extracts yet another syringe from a bandolier on his chest and quickly injects himself with cocaine, laughing in merriment as an immediate result. In 1924, comedian Buster Keaton made \"Sherlock, Jr.\", about a film projectionist who dreams of becoming a great detective. The", "title": "Sherlock Holmes pastiches" }, { "id": "8587177", "score": "1.648489", "text": "Jack was arrested and placed in Bedlam Hospital under the orders of Sir Nigel Gull, who feared Jack's investigations were going to uncover the Seven. Jack was always kept straitjacketed, and was regularly injected with cocaine to keep him docile and dependant until he escaped after a month. He is still trying to get over the effects of the drugs through self-medication. This story is set when Arthur Conan Doyle was just beginning his career as a writer, he is a young man (26 years old) whose medical practice is not very successful and is somewhat lacking in confidence. In", "title": "The List of Seven" }, { "id": "14387770", "score": "1.6410587", "text": "The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (film) The Seven-Per-Cent Solution is a 1976 Universal Studios Sherlock Holmes film directed by Herbert Ross and written by Nicholas Meyer. It is based on Meyer's 1974 novel of the same name and stars Nicol Williamson, Robert Duvall, Alan Arkin and Laurence Olivier. Dr. John H. Watson (Robert Duvall) becomes convinced that his friend Sherlock Holmes (Nicol Williamson) is delusional—particularly in his belief that Professor James Moriarty (Laurence Olivier) is a criminal mastermind—as a result of his addiction to cocaine. Moriarty visits Watson to complain about being harassed by Holmes. Watson enlists the aid of Sherlock's brother,", "title": "The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (film)" }, { "id": "10574387", "score": "1.6390178", "text": "smoking literary figures of all, Sherlock Holmes. Other than being a frequent part of short stories and novels, smoking has spawned endless eulogies, praising its qualities and affirming the author's identity as a devoted smoker. Especially during the late 19th century and early 20th century, a panoply of books with titles like \"Tobacco: Its History and associations\" (1876), \"Cigarettes in Fact and Fancy\" (1906) and \"Pipe and Pouch: The Smokers Own Book of Poetry\" (1905) were written in the UK and the US. The titles were written by men for other men and contained general tidbits and poetic musings about", "title": "Smoking" } ]

[ "Chlorophylls", "Chlorophyllose", "C35H30O5N4Mg", "Chlorophyl", "c35h28o5n4mg", "cholorophyll", "C54H70O6N4Mg", "chlorophyllous", "chlorafil", "Clorofill", "Chlorafil", "chlorophyl", "leaf green", "C55H70O6N4Mg", "leafgreen", "Leaf-green", "Leaf green", "Chlorophil", "chlorophylls", "cholorophyl", "clorophyl", "clorofill", "c55h70o6n4mg", "Cholorophyll", "e140 e number", "chlorophyll", "C35H28O5N4Mg", "c55h72o5n4mg", "c54h70o6n4mg", "chorophyll", "E140 (E number)", "Cholorophyl", "chlorophil", "Chorophyll", "chlorophyllose", "Chlorophyllous", "Chlorophyll", "Leafgreen", "C55H72O5N4Mg", "Clorophyl", "c35h30o5n4mg" ]

[ { "id": "5009779", "score": "1.8179657", "text": "the predominance of chlorophyll is autumn, when chlorophyll is degraded (because it contains N and Mg) but the accessory pigments are not (because they only contain C, H and O) and remain in the leaf producing red, yellow and orange leaves. In land plants, leaves absorb mostly red and blue light in the first layer of photosynthetic cells because of Chlorophyll absorbance. Green light, however, penetrates deeper into the leaf interior and can drive photosynthesis more efficiently than red light. Because green and yellow wavelengths can transmit through chlorophyll and the entire leaf itself, they play a crucial role in", "title": "Photosynthetically active radiation" }, { "id": "331487", "score": "1.7985977", "text": "integral and peripheral membrane protein complexes of the photosynthetic system. Plants absorb light primarily using the pigment chlorophyll. The green part of the light spectrum is not absorbed but is reflected which is the reason that most plants have a green color. Besides chlorophyll, plants also use pigments such as carotenes and xanthophylls. Algae also use chlorophyll, but various other pigments are present, such as phycocyanin, carotenes, and xanthophylls in green algae, phycoerythrin in red algae (rhodophytes) and fucoxanthin in brown algae and diatoms resulting in a wide variety of colors. These pigments are embedded in plants and algae in", "title": "Photosynthesis" }, { "id": "3085668", "score": "1.7718844", "text": "different kinds of molecules, including porphyrins, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. All biological pigments selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others. The light that is absorbed may be used by the plant to power chemical reactions, while the reflected wavelengths of light determine the color the pigment appears to the eye. Chlorophyll is the primary pigment in plants; it is a porphyrin that absorbs red and blue wavelengths of light while reflecting green. It is the presence and relative abundance of chlorophyll that gives plants their green color. All land plants and green algae possess two forms of this pigment:", "title": "Plant physiology" }, { "id": "331491", "score": "1.7602937", "text": "pigments present. For example, in green plants, the action spectrum resembles the absorption spectrum for chlorophylls and carotenoids with absorption peaks in violet-blue and red light. In red algae, the action spectrum is blue-green light, which allows these algae to use the blue end of the spectrum to grow in the deeper waters that filter out the longer wavelengths (red light) used by above ground green plants. The non-absorbed part of the light spectrum is what gives photosynthetic organisms their color (e.g., green plants, red algae, purple bacteria) and is the least effective for photosynthesis in the respective organisms. In", "title": "Photosynthesis" }, { "id": "465336", "score": "1.741919", "text": "a wavelength of 550 nm and has a bandwidth of 20–30 nm. Autumn leaves, yellow flowers, bananas, oranges and other yellow fruits all contain carotenoids, yellow and red organic pigments that are found in the chloroplasts and chromoplasts of plants and some other photosynthetic organisms like algae, some bacteria and some fungi. They serve two key roles in plants and algae: they absorb light energy for use in photosynthesis, and they protect the green chlorophyll from photodamage. In late summer, as daylight hours shorten and temperatures cool, the veins that carry fluids into and out of the leaf are gradually", "title": "Yellow" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Chlorophyll\n\nChlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words , (\"pale green\") and , (\"leaf\"). Chlorophyll allow plants to absorb energy from light.\n\nChlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum. Hence chlorophyll-containing tissues appear green because green light, diffusively reflected by structures like cell walls, is less absorbed.<ref name=JBE/> Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants: chlorophyll \"a\" and \"b\".<ref>\n</ref>", "title": "Chlorophyll" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Anthocyanin\n\nAnthocyanins (), also called anthocyans, are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, blue, or black. In 1835, the German pharmacist Ludwig Clamor Marquart gave the name Anthokyan to a chemical compound that gives flowers a blue color for the first time in his treatise \"\"Die Farben der Blüthen\"\". Food plants rich in anthocyanins include the blueberry, raspberry, black rice, and black soybean, among many others that are red, blue, purple, or black. Some of the colors of autumn leaves are derived from anthocyanins.<ref name=\"davies2004\" /><ref name=\"archetti2011\" />\n\nAnthocyanins belong to a parent class of molecules called flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway. They occur in all tissues of higher plants, including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits. Anthocyanins are derived from anthocyanidins by adding sugars. They are odorless and moderately astringent.\n\nAlthough approved as food and beverage colorant in the European Union, anthocyanins are not approved for use as a food additive because they have not been verified as safe when used as food or supplement ingredients. There is no conclusive evidence that anthocyanins have any effect on human biology or diseases.", "title": "Anthocyanin" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Photosynthesis" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Biological pigment\n\nBiological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. Biological pigments include plant pigments and flower pigments. Many biological structures, such as skin, eyes, feathers, fur and hair contain pigments such as melanin in specialized cells called chromatophores. In some species, pigments accrue over very long periods during an individual's lifespan.\n\nPigment color differs from structural color in that it is the same for all viewing angles, whereas structural color is the result of selective reflection or iridescence, usually because of multilayer structures. For example, butterfly wings typically contain structural color, although many butterflies have cells that contain pigment as well.", "title": "Biological pigment" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Chromophore\n\nA chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its color.\nThe color that is seen by our eyes is the one not absorbed by the reflecting object within a certain wavelength spectrum of visible light. The chromophore is a region in the molecule where the energy difference between two separate molecular orbitals falls within the range of the visible spectrum. Visible light that hits the chromophore can thus be absorbed by exciting an electron from its ground state into an excited state. In biological molecules that serve to capture or detect light energy, the chromophore is the moiety that causes a conformational change in the molecule when hit by light.", "title": "Chromophore" }, { "id": "6516566", "score": "1.7290573", "text": "center molecules step-by-step down the molecular energy ladder. The effectiveness of photons of different wavelengths depends on the absorption spectra of the photosynthetic pigments in the organism. Chlorophylls absorb light in the violet-blue and red parts of the spectrum, while accessory pigments capture other wavelengths as well. The phycobilins of red algae absorb blue-green light which penetrates deeper into water than red light, enabling them to photosynthesize in deep waters. Each absorbed photon causes the formation of an exciton (an electron excited to a higher energy state) in the pigment molecule. The energy of the exciton is transferred to a", "title": "Photodissociation" }, { "id": "5097214", "score": "1.717828", "text": "other accessory pigments is sometimes referred to as a \"pigment bed\". The different chlorophyll and non-chlorophyll pigments associated with the photosystems all have different absorption spectra, either because the spectra of the different chlorophyll pigments are modified by their local protein environment or because the accessory pigments have intrinsic structural differences. The result is that, in vivo, a composite absorption spectrum of all these pigments is broadened and flattened such that a wider range of visible and infrared radiation is absorbed by plants and algae. Most photosynthetic organisms do not absorb green light well, thus most remaining light under leaf", "title": "Accessory pigment" }, { "id": "49621", "score": "1.709297", "text": "light that we see as the characteristic colour of these organisms. The energy in the red and blue light that these pigments absorb is used by chloroplasts to make energy-rich carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water by oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that generates molecular oxygen (O) as a by-product. The light energy captured by chlorophyll \"a\" is initially in the form of electrons (and later a proton gradient) that's used to make molecules of ATP and NADPH which temporarily store and transport energy. Their energy is used in the light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle by the enzyme rubisco", "title": "Botany" }, { "id": "5009778", "score": "1.7011694", "text": "such as cyanobacteria, purple bacteria, and heliobacteria, can exploit solar light in slightly extended spectral regions, such as the near-infrared. These bacteria live in environments such as the bottom of stagnant ponds, sediment and ocean depths. Because of their pigments, they form colorful mats of green, red and purple. Chlorophyll, the most abundant plant pigment, is most efficient in capturing red and blue light. Accessory pigments such as carotenes and xanthophylls harvest some green light and pass it on to the photosynthetic process, but enough of the green wavelengths are reflected to give leaves their characteristic color. An exception to", "title": "Photosynthetically active radiation" }, { "id": "158262", "score": "1.6990874", "text": "efficiently than the wavelengths that appear green to the human eye, so light reflected by plants is enriched in green. Chlorophyll absorbs green light poorly because it first arose in organisms living in oceans where purple halobacteria were already exploiting photosynthesis. Their purple color arose because they extracted energy in the green portion of the spectrum using bacteriorhodopsin. The new organisms that then later came to dominate the extraction of light were selected to exploit those portions of the spectrum not used by the halobacteria. Animals typically use the color green as camouflage, blending in with the chlorophyll green of", "title": "Green" }, { "id": "5097215", "score": "1.6878895", "text": "canopies in forests or under water with abundant plankton is green, a spectral effect called the \"green window\". Organisms such as some cyanobacteria and red algae contain accessory phycobiliproteins that absorb green light reaching these habitats. In aquatic ecosystems, it is likely that the absorption spectrum of water, along with gilvin and tripton (dissolved and particulate organic matter, respectively), determines phototrophic niche differentiation. The six shoulders in the light absorption of water between wavelengths 400 and 1100 nm correspond to troughs in the collective absorption of at least twenty diverse species of phototrophic bacteria. Another effect is due to the", "title": "Accessory pigment" }, { "id": "3124086", "score": "1.6857897", "text": "indicating that it absorbs red light particularly strongly. The absorbance maximum is a sharp peak 650–670 nm, so concentrated phytochrome solutions look turquoise-blue to the human eye. But once a red photon has been absorbed, the pigment undergoes a rapid conformational change to form the P state. Here indicates that now not red but far-red (also called \"near infra-red\"; 705–740 nm) is preferentially absorbed. This shift in absorbance is apparent to the human eye as a slightly more greenish colour. When P absorbs far-red light it is converted back to P. Hence, red light makes P, far-red light makes P.", "title": "Phytochrome" }, { "id": "789856", "score": "1.6849369", "text": "and absorb mostly greenish-blue light. (See also shades of orange). Other orange pigments include: The orange colour of carrots, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, oranges, and many other fruits and vegetables comes from carotenes, a type of photosynthetic pigment. These pigments convert the light energy that the plants absorb from the sun into chemical energy for the plants' growth. The carotenes themselves take their name from the carrot. Autumn leaves also get their orange colour from carotenes. When the weather turns cold and production of green chlorophyll stops, the orange colour remains. Before the 18th century, carrots from Asia were usually purple,", "title": "Orange (colour)" }, { "id": "4011837", "score": "1.683316", "text": "chlorophyll biosynthesis. Chlorophyll \"a\" absorbs light within the violet, blue and red wavelengths while mainly reflecting green. This reflectance gives chlorophyll its green appearance. Accessory photosynthetic pigments broaden the spectrum of light absorbed, increasing the range of wavelengths that can be used in photosynthesis. The addition of chlorophyll \"b\" next to chlorophyll \"a\" extends the absorption spectrum. In low light conditions, plants produce a greater ratio of chlorophyll \"b\" to chlorophyll \"a\" molecules, increasing photosynthetic yield. Absorption of light by photosynthetic pigments converts photons into chemical energy. Light energy radiating onto the chloroplast strikes the pigments in the thylakoid membrane", "title": "Chlorophyll a" }, { "id": "4011832", "score": "1.6682684", "text": "Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll \"a\" is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis. It absorbs most energy from wavelengths of violet-blue and orange-red light. It also reflects green-yellow light, and as such contributes to the observed green color of most plants. This photosynthetic pigment is essential for photosynthesis in eukaryotes, cyanobacteria and prochlorophytes because of its role as primary electron donor in the electron transport chain. Chlorophyll \"a\" also transfers resonance energy in the antenna complex, ending in the reaction center where specific chlorophylls P680 and P700 are located. Chlorophyll \"a\" is essential for most photosynthetic organisms to release", "title": "Chlorophyll a" }, { "id": "87958", "score": "1.665907", "text": "Chlorophyll Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words , (\"green\") and , (\"leaf\"). Chlorophyll is essential in photosynthesis, allowing plants to absorb energy from light. Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of green and near-green portions of the spectrum, which it reflects, producing the green color of chlorophyll-containing tissues. Two types of chlorophyll exist in the photosystems of green plants:", "title": "Chlorophyll" }, { "id": "8986510", "score": "1.662466", "text": "made in all of plant morphology, since it provides a common basis for understanding the life cycle of all plants. The primary function of pigments in plants is photosynthesis, which uses the green pigment chlorophyll along with several red and yellow pigments that help to capture as much light energy as possible. Pigments are also an important factor in attracting insects to flowers to encourage pollination. Plant pigments include a variety of different kinds of molecule, including porphyrins, carotenoids, anthocyanins and betalains. All biological pigments selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others. The light that is absorbed may", "title": "Plant morphology" }, { "id": "87974", "score": "1.6618953", "text": "herbs included in its production. Chlorophyll is not soluble in water, and it is first mixed with a small quantity of vegetable oil to obtain the desired solution. Chlorophyll Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words , (\"green\") and , (\"leaf\"). Chlorophyll is essential in photosynthesis, allowing plants to absorb energy from light. Chlorophylls absorb light most strongly in the blue portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as well as the red portion. Conversely, it is a poor absorber of", "title": "Chlorophyll" }, { "id": "49620", "score": "1.6549485", "text": "crassulacean acid metabolism. Others make specialised materials like the cellulose and lignin used to build their bodies, and secondary products like resins and aroma compounds. Plants and various other groups of photosynthetic eukaryotes collectively known as \"algae\" have unique organelles known as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are thought to be descended from cyanobacteria that formed endosymbiotic relationships with ancient plant and algal ancestors. Chloroplasts and cyanobacteria contain the blue-green pigment chlorophyll \"a\". Chlorophyll \"a\" (as well as its plant and green algal-specific cousin chlorophyll \"b\") absorbs light in the blue-violet and orange/red parts of the spectrum while reflecting and transmitting the green", "title": "Botany" }, { "id": "331616", "score": "1.6437364", "text": "Photosynthetic pigment A photosynthetic pigment (accessory pigment; chloroplast pigment; antenna pigment) is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis. Plants pigments (in order of increasing polarity): Chlorophyll a is the most common of the six, present in every plant that performs photosynthesis. The reason that there are so many pigments is that each absorbs light more efficiently in a different part of the electromagnetic spectrum. well at a wavelength of about 400-450 nm and at 650-700 nm; chlorophyll b at 450-500 nm and at 600-650 nm. Xanthophyll absorbs well", "title": "Photosynthetic pigment" } ]

[ "Diafram", "Diapragm", "Diafragm", "Diaphram", "diaphragm disambiguation", "diaphragm", "Diaphragm (disambiguation)", "diaphram", "Diaphragm", "diafram", "diapragm", "diafragm" ]

[ { "id": "5992349", "score": "1.8535824", "text": "be confused with the American skirt steak. In French it is known as the \"onglet\", in Italian the \"lombatello\", in Flanders the \"longhaas\", and in Spanish the \"solomillo de pulmón\". Its U.S. meat-cutting classification is NAMP 140. Hanger steak A hanger steak, also known as butcher's steak, is a cut of beef steak prized for its flavor. Derived from the diaphragm of a steer or heifer, it typically weighs about . This cut is taken from the plate, which is the lower belly of the animal. In the past it was sometimes known as \"butcher's steak\", because butchers would often", "title": "Hanger steak" }, { "id": "5992347", "score": "1.8345888", "text": "hanger steak is usually the tenderest cut on an animal. Anatomically speaking, the hanger steak is the crura, or legs, of the diaphragm. The steak is said to \"hang\" from the diaphragm of the heifer or steer. The diaphragm is one muscle, commonly cut into two separate cuts of meat: the hanger steak, traditionally considered more flavorful, and the outer skirt steak, composed of tougher muscle from the dome of the diaphragm. The hanger is attached to the last rib and to the front of several of the lumbar vertebrae. The right side is larger and stronger than the left.", "title": "Hanger steak" }, { "id": "5992346", "score": "1.8228176", "text": "Hanger steak A hanger steak, also known as butcher's steak, is a cut of beef steak prized for its flavor. Derived from the diaphragm of a steer or heifer, it typically weighs about . This cut is taken from the plate, which is the lower belly of the animal. In the past it was sometimes known as \"butcher's steak\", because butchers would often keep it for themselves rather than offer it for sale. Hanger steak resembles flank steak in texture and flavor. It is a vaguely V-shaped pair of muscles with a long, inedible membrane running down the middle. The", "title": "Hanger steak" }, { "id": "5992348", "score": "1.7697148", "text": "Occasionally seen on menus as a \"bistro steak\", hanger steak is also very traditional in Mexican cuisine, particularly in the north where it is known as \"arrachera\", and is generally marinated, grilled and served with a squeeze of lime juice, guacamole, salsa, scallions and tortillas to roll tacos. In South Texas this cut of beef is known as \"fajitas arracheras\". It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as flap steak or flap meat, which is a distinctly different cut. The hanger steak has historically been more popular in Europe. In Britain it is referred to as \"skirt\", which is not to", "title": "Hanger steak" }, { "id": "474879", "score": "1.6172613", "text": "sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut. The term \"primal cut\" is quite different from \"prime cut\", used to characterize cuts considered to be of higher quality. Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do the most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from \"hoof and horn\" increases. Different countries and cuisines have different cuts and names, and sometimes use the same name for a different cut; for example, the cut described as \"brisket\" in the United States is from a significantly different part of the carcass than British brisket. Some certifications", "title": "Beef" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Hanger steak\n\nA hanger steak, also known as butcher's steak or hanging tenderloin, is a cut of beef steak prized for its flavor. This cut is taken from the plate, which is the upper belly of the animal. In the past it was among several cuts of beef sometimes known as \"butcher's steak\", because butchers would often keep it for themselves rather than offer it for sale. This is because the general populace believed this to be a crude cut of meat, although it is actually one of the most tender. \n\nHanger steak resembles flank steak in texture and flavor. It is a vaguely V-shaped pair of muscles with a long, inedible membrane running down the middle. The hanger steak is usually the most tender cut on an animal, aside from the tenderloin, which has no fat.\n\nIt is also sometimes incorrectly referred to as flap steak or flap meat, which is a distinctly different cut from the bottom sirloin in the rear quarter of the animal.", "title": "Hanger steak" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Skirt steak\n\nSkirt steak is a cut of beef steak from the plate. It is long, flat, and prized for its flavor rather than tenderness. It is not to be confused with hanger steak, a generally similar adjacent cut also from the plate.\n\nThough it is from a different part of the animal, its general characteristics and uses cause it to be confused with both flank steak, taken from the flank behind the plate and the flap meat from the bottom sirloin behind the flank and above the rear quarter.", "title": "Skirt steak" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Beefsteak\n\nA beefsteak, often called just steak, is a flat cut of beef with parallel faces, usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers. In common restaurant service a single serving has a raw mass ranging from . Beef steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled. The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole. Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"cf.\" cube steak).", "title": "Beefsteak" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Flap steak\n\nFlap steak, or flap meat (IMPS/NAMP 1185A, UNECE 2203) is a beef steak cut from the obliquus internus abdominis muscle of the bottom sirloin. It is generally very thin, fibrous and chewy, but flavorful, and often confused with both skirt steak and hanger steak.\n\nFlap steak is popular in Mexican cuisine, where it is made into \"carne asada\". It is typically marinated in citrus juice and Mexican spices then grilled hot till charred on the outside, then diced or sliced thin and used in tacos, tortas, fajitas, and other dishes calling for thin beef steak.", "title": "Flap steak" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Flank steak\n\nFlank steak is a cut of beef steak taken from the abdominal muscles of the cow, located just behind the plate and in front of the rear quarter. It is a long, flat cut with a significant grain, and is known for its bold flavor and chewiness.", "title": "Flank steak" }, { "id": "7981239", "score": "1.6100416", "text": "Cut of beef Cuts of beef are first divided into primal cuts, pieces of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering. These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut. The term \"primal cut\" is quite different from \"prime cut\", used to characterize cuts considered to be of higher quality. Since the animal's legs and neck muscles do the most work, they are the toughest; the meat becomes more tender as distance from \"hoof and horn\" increases. Different countries and cuisines have different cuts and names, and sometimes use the same name for a different cut;", "title": "Cut of beef" }, { "id": "719855", "score": "1.5788376", "text": "referred to as \"black and blue\" (black or \"sooty\" on the outside, and blue rare on the inside). Several other foods are called \"steak\" without actually being steaks: Beefsteak A beef steak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2\" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g). Beef steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled. The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole. Less tender cuts from", "title": "Beefsteak" }, { "id": "7981240", "score": "1.5628219", "text": "e.g., the cut described as \"brisket\" in the US is from a significantly different part of the carcass than British brisket. \"Cut\" often refers narrowly to skeletal muscle (sometimes attached to bones), but can also include other edible flesh, such as offal (organ meat) or bones without significant muscles attached. The following is a list of the American primal cuts, and cuts derived from them. Beef carcasses are split along the axis of symmetry into \"halves\", then across into front and back \"quarters\" (forequarters and hindquarters). Canada uses identical cut names (and numbering) as the U.S, with the exception of", "title": "Cut of beef" }, { "id": "8366439", "score": "1.5612173", "text": "Beef plate In U.S. butchery, the plate of beef (also known as the short plate) is a forequarter cut from the belly of the cow, just below the rib cut. It is typically a cheap, tough, and fatty meat. In U.K. butchery, this cut is considered part of the brisket. It is used for two kinds of steak: skirt steak, used for fajitas, and hanger steak. It may also be cured, smoked, and thinly sliced to make beef bacon. The beef navel is the ventral part of the plate, and it is commonly used to make pastrami. The remainder is", "title": "Beef plate" }, { "id": "8366440", "score": "1.5608735", "text": "usually used for ground beef. Beef plate In U.S. butchery, the plate of beef (also known as the short plate) is a forequarter cut from the belly of the cow, just below the rib cut. It is typically a cheap, tough, and fatty meat. In U.K. butchery, this cut is considered part of the brisket. It is used for two kinds of steak: skirt steak, used for fajitas, and hanger steak. It may also be cured, smoked, and thinly sliced to make beef bacon. The beef navel is the ventral part of the plate, and it is commonly used to", "title": "Beef plate" }, { "id": "7568993", "score": "1.5567431", "text": "the meat and maintain moisture. The cut is often sliced thin, then dried or smoked at low temperature to make jerky. Rump cover, with its thick layer of accompanying fat, is considered one of the best (and most flavorful) beef cuts in many South American countries, particularly Brazil and Argentina. This specific cut does not tend to be found elsewhere, however. British cuts topside and silverside together are roughly equivalent to the American Round cut. New Zealand cuts also use these terms (or sometimes \"Outside Round\" for silverside). Round steak A round steak is a beef steak from the \"round\",", "title": "Round steak" }, { "id": "719846", "score": "1.5432761", "text": "Beefsteak A beef steak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2\" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g). Beef steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled. The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole. Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"cf.\" cube steak). In Australia, beef steak is referred to as just 'steak' and can", "title": "Beefsteak" }, { "id": "16334811", "score": "1.5384214", "text": "or pudding; especially a piece cut from the hind-quarters of the animal.\" Subsequent parts of the entry, however, refer to \"steak fish\", which referred to \"cod of a size suitable for cutting into steaks\", and also \"steak-raid\", which was a custom among Scottish Highlanders of giving some cattle being driven through a gentleman's land to the owner. An early written usage of the word \"stekys\" comes from a 15th-century cookbook, and makes reference to both beef or venison steaks. Livestock for meat to be used as steak cuts may be raised on a farm or ranch. The meat from various", "title": "Steak" }, { "id": "474870", "score": "1.534317", "text": "Beef Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle. Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times. Beef is a source of high-quality protein and nutrients. Beef skeletal muscle meat can be used as is by merely cutting into certain parts roasts, short ribs or steak (filet mignon, sirloin steak, rump steak, rib steak, rib eye steak, hanger steak, etc.), while other cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky). Trimmings, on the other hand, are usually mixed with meat from older, leaner (therefore tougher) cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages. The blood is", "title": "Beef" }, { "id": "7981241", "score": "1.5256705", "text": "the \"round\" which is called the \"hip\". The most important cuts of beef in the Argentine cuisine are: The most important cuts of beef in the Brazilian cuisine are: The UNECE standard offer for the first time internationally agreed specifications written in a consistent, detailed and accurate manner using anatomical names to identify cutting lines Cut of beef Cuts of beef are first divided into primal cuts, pieces of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering. These are basic sections from which steaks and other subdivisions are cut. The term \"primal cut\" is quite different from \"prime cut\", used", "title": "Cut of beef" }, { "id": "8017867", "score": "1.5096377", "text": "thinly sliced for minute steak or beef olives, or split in two to produce a salmon-cut. In South Africa, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, silverside is the cut of choice for making corned beef, so much so that the name \"silverside\" is often used to refer to \"corned beef\" rather than any other form of the cut. In most parts of the U.S., this cut is known as outside or bottom round, as traditionally, a hindquarter is laid on the cutting table with the outside down or to the bottom, as opposed to the inside being on top. In the", "title": "Silverside (beef)" }, { "id": "3512562", "score": "1.4985404", "text": "suitable for portion-controlled steaks, as the diameter of the eye remains relatively consistent. The center-cut can yield the traditional filet mignon or tenderloin steak, as well as the Chateaubriand steak and beef Wellington. The tail, which is generally unsuitable for steaks due to size inconsistency, can be used in recipes where small pieces of a tender cut are called for, such as beef Stroganoff. Beef tenderloin A beef tenderloin, known as an eye fillet in Australasia, filet in France, and fillet in the United Kingdom and South Africa, is cut from the loin of beef. As with all quadrupeds, the", "title": "Beef tenderloin" }, { "id": "16334812", "score": "1.4965616", "text": "wild game may also be used for steak cuts. Countries with enough suitable land for grazing animals, in particular cattle, have a history of production and culinary use of steak. Such countries include Argentina, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, the United States and the United Kingdom. In Asian countries, such as China and South Korea, steak is traditionally sliced and stir-fried and served in smaller amounts as part of a mixed dish. In Argentina, beef represents a large portion of the country's export market. A total of 11.8 million animals were harvested in 2010. The country has one of", "title": "Steak" }, { "id": "8619473", "score": "1.4903742", "text": "is excellent when grilled, broiled, or pan-fried if it is marinated first and if it is not overcooked. Ranch steak The Ranch steak comes from the chuck cut of a cow, namely the shoulder. Technically it is called a \"boneless chuck shoulder center cut steak\", but supermarkets usually use the shorter and more memorable term: \"Ranch steak\". A ranch steak is usually cut no thicker than one inch, weighs 10 ounces or less, and is usually trimmed of all excess fat. Ranch steak is generally flavorful, but a bit tough. The best results are achieved if the steak is not", "title": "Ranch steak" }, { "id": "5727496", "score": "1.4901649", "text": "in the United Kingdom, where the term \"cube steak\" is little known. Cube steak Cube steak is a cut of beef, usually top round or top sirloin, tenderized and flattened by pounding with a meat tenderizer, or by using an electric tenderizer. The name refers to the shape of the indentations left by that process (called \"cubing\"). This is the most common cut of meat used for the American dish chicken fried steak. In Ireland, Canada, Australia, and some parts of the United States, cube steak may be called a minute steak, because it can be cooked quickly. Minute steak", "title": "Cube steak" } ]

[ "toxophily", "Archer (comics)", "Villavar Tamils", "archery", "Bowmen", "archers", "Primitive Archery", "The archer", "The Archer", "bowmanship", "butt shooting", "Primitive archery", "toxopholite", "Toxophilite", "Paralympic archery", "Toxopholite", "archer", "The Archers (disambiguation)", "Archery range", "Paralympic Archery", "endong", "archer comics", "paralympic archery", "Archery", "bowmen", "archers disambiguation", "Archer", "National archery in the schools program", "Para-archery", "Butt shooting", "Archers", "indoor archery", "Archerie", "primitive archery", "archery range", "Archeress", "archeress", "toxophilite", "villavar tamils", "Toxophily", "Anchor Point (archery)", "National Archery in the Schools Program", "Endong", "Indoor archery", "para archery", "national archery in schools program", "anchor point archery", "Bowmanship", "archerie" ]

[ { "id": "18825492", "score": "1.6720204", "text": "Staff said that recruiting from the Middle East was made difficult by the name, and that people searching for their website may be put at risk. In 2016, the Association for Information Systems (AIS) changed the pronunciation of its premier conference ICIS, International Conference on Information Systems, to \"I See IS\". The FX animated series \"Archer\", first aired in 2009, revolves around the fictional International Secret Intelligence Service (ISIS). In 2014, the sixth season of the show began with the characters being told that they now work for the CIA. Merchandise based on the fictional ISIS was withdrawn. A French", "title": "Name changes due to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" }, { "id": "18461141", "score": "1.6675327", "text": "the current role of ISIL in the real world. The show's main character, Sterling Archer, works for the International Secret Intelligence Service, which is referred to strictly by the acronym \"ISIS\" throughout the first five seasons of the show. However, creators of the show have decided to change the acronym in the upcoming sixth season because of the portrayal of the militant group by the same name. As executive producer Matt Thompson said in an interview with the \"Boston Herald\", ISIS is \"just the most awful thing, and we didn't want to have anything to do with it.\" Much of", "title": "Portrayal of ISIL in American media" }, { "id": "13632047", "score": "1.6211624", "text": "New York-based intelligence agency. They are Sterling Archer, the show's narcissistic, womanizing protagonist; Malory Archer, the retired agent-turned-ISIS director and Sterling's snarky, emotionally distant mother; Lana Kane, Sterling's love interest and mother of his infant daughter, and by far the most professional field agent at ISIS; Ray Gillette, the agency's openly gay bomb specialist; Pam Poovey, the head of the agency's Human Resources department who is often ridiculed by her peers; Cyril Figgis, a mild-mannered accountant-turned-agent; Cheryl Tunt, Malory's delusional, psychotic personal assistant; and Dr. Algernop Krieger, a bizarre, morally bankrupt scientist with little regard for the well-being of his", "title": "Archer (2009 TV series)" }, { "id": "16556665", "score": "1.6176788", "text": "commander of the station, has urged ISIS to assist the crew in controlling the situation. A reluctant Lana Kane (Aisha Tyler) is the first one to voice concern over the issue, as none of them have undergone training in preparation for a flight. Despite these concerns, Malory Archer (Jessica Walter) is quick to take the job for financial gain. The field agents of ISIS—except Sterling Archer (H. Jon Benjamin), who is being evaluated by Doctor Algernop Krieger (Lucky Yates) for medical purposes—are subjected to basic astronaut regimens in anticipation for the flight, including a flight simulator (which Archer makes Cyril", "title": "Space Race (Archer)" }, { "id": "6456208", "score": "1.6167233", "text": "school students who found themselves in danger due to unwise choices. A notable exception was the two-part series finale, \"Now You See It...\", and, \"...Now You Don't\", which had an espionage-related plotline revealing that Rick Mason has been working secretly for the U.S. government on a weather-making machine. This two-parter introduced a trio of crime-fighting teens dubbed \"The Super-Sleuths;\" the double episode was intended as a backdoor pilot for a \"Super-Sleuths\" series, which never materialized. \"The Secrets of Isis\" often \"broke the fourth wall,\" with Isis/Andrea winking at the camera or otherwise acknowledging the audience, at pertinent moments in a", "title": "The Secrets of Isis" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Archer (2009 TV series)\n\nArcher is an American adult animated sitcom created by Adam Reed for FX which premiered on September 17, 2009. The show follows the exploits of a dysfunctional intelligence agency, centered on Sterling Archer (voiced by H. Jon Benjamin) and seven of his colleagues—his mother/boss Malory Archer (Jessica Walter), Lana Kane (Aisha Tyler), Cyril Figgis (Chris Parnell), Cheryl Tunt (Judy Greer), Pam Poovey (Amber Nash), Ray Gillette (Adam Reed) and Dr. Algernop Krieger (Lucky Yates). The show is set in an anachronistic, Cold War-esque universe and parodies espionage, culture and society, and the human condition. \"Archer\" is distinguished by artistic reinvention in contemporary episodes, foregoing the standard setup of a workplace sitcom for self-contained anthologies. It returned to its spy parody roots post-tenth season.\n\nReed conceived \"Archer\" shortly after the cancellation of his Adult Swim comedy \"Frisky Dingo\". His experience vacationing in Spain with the influence of media franchises such as the \"James Bond\" series shaped his vision of the show. Some of the hallmarks include pop culture reference-heavy humor, rapid-fire dialogue, and meta-comedy. \"Archer\" is produced in a limited animation style that draws visually from mid-twentieth century comic art. Actors record their lines individually, and the show regularly employs a recurring cast for supporting roles. \"Archer\" moved to FX's sibling network FXX in 2017, and the thirteenth season premiered on August 24, 2022.\n\n\"Archer\" has received positive reviews from critics and won awards, including four Primetime Emmy Awards and four Critics Choice Awards. It has also received 15 Annie Award nominations, among others, for outstanding achievement in animation, writing, direction, and voice acting. Various forms of licensed media have been spawned or proposed as a result of the show's sustained success.", "title": "Archer (2009 TV series)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Language learning centre/Word list" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:WikiProject LGBT studies/Recognized content" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates/February 2015" }, { "id": "20068969", "score": "1.6147487", "text": "prompting Archer to sacrifice his scuba gear and drown so that they could escape. Other characters Lana Kane Lana Anthony Kane, known simply as Lana, is a character in the American animated comedy series \"Archer\". For the first four seasons, she is the top female special agent of the intelligence agency ISIS (International Secret Intelligence Service), working at the agency's main headquarters in New York City, at a time when the Soviets still rule Russia. After ISIS is shut down by the FBI, Lana takes on new roles as an unlicensed P.I., and later is imagined as a nightclub singer/undercover", "title": "Lana Kane" }, { "id": "6456215", "score": "1.6034837", "text": "later went out of print; in 2010, Classic Media released the first seven episodes as a one-disc set titled \"The Secrets of Isis\". A film version is reportedly in the works. The Secrets of Isis The Secrets of Isis, originally broadcast as Isis, is an American live-action superhero television series produced by Filmation from 1975 to 1977 for CBS's Saturday morning lineup. The series was renamed to \"The Secrets of Isis\" in syndication. The program was the first weekly, American, live-action television series with a female superhero lead character (debuting September 6, 1975, predating the \"weekly\" debuts of both \"The", "title": "The Secrets of Isis" }, { "id": "6456204", "score": "1.5952322", "text": "The Secrets of Isis The Secrets of Isis, originally broadcast as Isis, is an American live-action superhero television series produced by Filmation from 1975 to 1977 for CBS's Saturday morning lineup. The series was renamed to \"The Secrets of Isis\" in syndication. The program was the first weekly, American, live-action television series with a female superhero lead character (debuting September 6, 1975, predating the \"weekly\" debuts of both \"The Bionic Woman\" (January 14, 1976), and, \"Wonder Woman\" (April 21, 1976)). In the series, Isis (Joanna Cameron) is the alter ego of Andrea Thomas, a seemingly normal schoolteacher, who transforms into", "title": "The Secrets of Isis" }, { "id": "5463515", "score": "1.5873816", "text": "has been depicted within the \"Wonder Woman\" comic book. The superhero version of Isis originated in the live-action Saturday morning program \"The Secrets of Isis\". More recent live-action programs have introduced characters inspired by Isis. The 2000s television show \"Smallville\" depicted Isis as a superhero form taken on by Lois Lane (Erica Durance) when possessed by the Amulet of Isis in one episode, while Erica Cerra portrayed an Egyptologist named Adrianna Tomaz. The 2010s superhero show \"Legends of Tomorrow\" introduced a version of Isis named Zari Adrianna Tomaz (portrayed by Tala Ashe). This version is portrayed as a wise-cracking Muslim-American", "title": "Isis (DC Comics)" }, { "id": "20068960", "score": "1.5835574", "text": "Lana Kane Lana Anthony Kane, known simply as Lana, is a character in the American animated comedy series \"Archer\". For the first four seasons, she is the top female special agent of the intelligence agency ISIS (International Secret Intelligence Service), working at the agency's main headquarters in New York City, at a time when the Soviets still rule Russia. After ISIS is shut down by the FBI, Lana takes on new roles as an unlicensed P.I., and later is imagined as a nightclub singer/undercover treasury agent by Archer while he is comatose. Lana has aspirations for advancement as a master", "title": "Lana Kane" }, { "id": "16563110", "score": "1.5835068", "text": "pirate fortress. FBI agents shut down ISIS as it turns out it was not sanctioned by the U.S. government to perform acts of espionage whatsoever. Throughout the fifth season, Archer and the rest of ISIS are selling the ton of cocaine they have stored in order to make enough money for early retirements, which they fail throughout the season. In the season finale, Malory succeeds in having ISIS reinstated as an official agency by cutting an affiliation deal with the CIA. At the same time, it is revealed that Archer is the father of Lana Kane's newborn daughter, conceived through", "title": "Sterling Archer" }, { "id": "20254853", "score": "1.5809133", "text": "warned that it would be a \"recruiting sergeant\" for ISIS, a view prominently reported by several tabloid newspapers. However, the idea that the drama made ISIS glamorous or attractive was rejected by most reviewers. Most reviewers found the drama powerful, immersive, and compelling, with both its direction and acting widely praised. However, many questioned the portrayal of the protagonists' apparent initial ignorance and naivety, and of their subsequent antipathy to brutality and hatred, and doubted that either were representative of real jihadis. Although a few references were made to IS's online engagement and misinformation, the decision not to present detailed", "title": "The State (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "5463516", "score": "1.5778468", "text": "hacker from the future with wind powers from an amulet and no superhero codename. Like the main character of the first half of the program, Captain Marvel, Isis had roots in ancient Egyptian mythology. \"The Secrets of Isis\" starred Joanna Cameron as Andrea Thomas, a high school science teacher who gains the ability to call upon the powers of the goddess Isis after finding an Egyptian amulet during an archeological dig in Egypt (this is revealed during the opening credits only; no \"origin episode\" was ever produced). Fifteen episodes of \"The Secrets of Isis\" were produced for \"The Shazam! Isis", "title": "Isis (DC Comics)" }, { "id": "20254852", "score": "1.5640064", "text": "officer Jay Hunt, the channel needs to cross-subsidise such dramas with more populist programmes such as \"Great British Bake Off\". The figure increased to 2.33 million taking into account catch-up viewing over the next seven days, and 2.49 million after a month. The series was widely praised by viewers and critics. \"The Guardian\" wrote that \"this Isis drama is ... gripping and genuinely enlightening\", and \"The Telegraph\" noted that \"viewers on Twitter praised its stars and creators for 'capturing how barbaric and evil ISIS are'.\" Before the drama aired, Richard Kemp, a former advisor to the UK government on counter-terrorism,", "title": "The State (2017 TV series)" }, { "id": "16563099", "score": "1.5480698", "text": "early seasons of \"Archer\" as the narcissistic, womanizing secret agent of the International Secret Intelligence Service (ISIS), a fictional New York-based intelligence service headed by his mother Malory (Jessica Walter). His narcissism, sharp sense of humor and complex relationships with his peers serve as important aspects of his character. \"Archer\" subsequent years see Sterling take on different occupations and personae as the show experiments with new ideas, character arcs and self-contained narratives. \"Archer\" characterization of Sterling, and Benjamin's performance of the character, have been well received by the media. Benjamin has received numerous accolades, including a Primetime Emmy nomination and", "title": "Sterling Archer" }, { "id": "20068963", "score": "1.5294818", "text": "Lana is a competent and deadly agent but is constantly frustrated that she is treated as the number two ISIS field agent because Archer's mother runs the agency. Like Archer, Lana is an expert in Krav Maga, in which all ISIS agents undergo training, and is usually seen carrying two Tec-9 submachine guns in shoulder holsters (she is so proficient with these that she can write letters in cursive with one magazine). She drives a purple car that resembles a \"Living Daylights\"-era Aston Martin V8 Vantage. Lana also has incredibly large and strong hands, which have been (usually mockingly) likened", "title": "Lana Kane" }, { "id": "12121574", "score": "1.5217528", "text": "invasion of the Earth. Isis is the Syndicate's sexy and ruthless leader. During a series of robberies for parts to build the portal, Isis becomes determined to destroy Rykker. Fifteen-year-old Julie's family was killed when a truck carrying materials for the portal was hijacked. Left alone in the world, she plots to avenge her family. Julie and Rykker hook up, though he tries to leave her behind for her own safety. But she keeps showing up, even saving Rykker's life one time. They go on a cross country journey, with Isis and her army in pursuit. The final showdown inside", "title": "Alien Agent" }, { "id": "6456213", "score": "1.5197818", "text": "Isis becomes the wife of Captain Marvel's nemesis Black Adam, attempting to reform him before her death and resurrection later drive both Adam and Isis into villainy. Grammnet, actor/producer Kelsey Grammer's production company, has reportedly obtained the rights to produce a movie based on the character, to be called \"The Legend of Isis.\" Isis appeared in the season 10 episode \"Isis\" of the CW Network's Superman-based drama series, \"Smallville\". Portrayed by \"Smallville\" actress Erica Durance, this version saw the amulet take over the body of Lois Lane. However, there were nods to \"The Shazam!/Isis Hour\" and the modern character in", "title": "The Secrets of Isis" }, { "id": "5463528", "score": "1.5192273", "text": "Marvel Family. Isis coaxes Black Adam into joining them in a public unmasking of their secret identities and a public declaration of their good intentions for the future. The Black Marvels defeat the demon, Sabbac, at Halloween when he tries to sacrifice children to Neron, further increasing their popularity. During a charity dinner with Mrs. Sivana, Osiris befriends a humanoid crocodile that escaped from Sivana's lab. Amanda Waller is not convinced of the Black Marvels' good intentions, and she forms a new Suicide Squad. She sends the Persuader to attack Isis with his radioactive axe. Osiris rushes to help her,", "title": "Isis (DC Comics)" }, { "id": "17421786", "score": "1.510143", "text": "Syrian Army and the militias fighting against ISIS. In April 2016, it was revealed that MI6 teams with members of the Special Reconnaissance Regiment seconded to them had been deployed to Yemen to train Yemeni forces fighting AQAP, as well as identifying targets for drone strikes. In November 2016, the \"Independent\" reported that MI6, MI5 and GCHQ supplied the SAS and other British special forces- as part of a multinational special forces operation- a list (compiled from intelligence) of 200 British jihadist to kill or capture before they attempt to return to the UK. The 200 male and female jihadists", "title": "Secret Intelligence Service" } ]

[ "blinky", "Blinky (disambiguation)", "Blinky", "blinky disambiguation" ]

[ { "id": "8215920", "score": "1.400759", "text": "Thorn and Watt in an apartment, having split up but them missing each other. It also features Thorn walking around Balham and Clapham South. Missing (Everything but the Girl song) \"Missing\" is a song by British popular music duo Everything but the Girl, taken from their eighth studio album \"Amplified Heart\" (1994). It was written by the two band members, Tracey Thorn and Ben Watt, and was produced by Watt. It was taken as the second single off the album on 8 August 1994 by Atlantic Records and Blanco Y Negro Records. It initially did not achieve much success. It", "title": "Missing (Everything but the Girl song)" }, { "id": "11216730", "score": "1.3869388", "text": "Shimmy,' 'Heaven and Hell' (one of John Entwistle's better tunes), the 45 version of 'Mary Anne with the Shaky Hand,' the obscure Roger Daltrey tune 'Here for More.' Other cuts are pretty peripheral, like the '65 R&B version of 'Lubie (Come Back Home),' or the live version of 'Bargain.'\" The album cover design is by Richard Evans and is an acknowledgement of Peter Blake's \"Got a Girl\" (1960–61). Who's Missing (album) Who's Missing is a compilation of rare and previously unreleased songs by The Who. Its second part \"Two's Missing\" was released on 11 April 1987. The CD was reissued", "title": "Who's Missing (album)" }, { "id": "5365109", "score": "1.3610468", "text": "of the old characters remained in the show, such as Vera Vixen (who often hatches schemes to try to get rid of the two pigs) and Morton Frog (who works in the production control room, usually running the end titles [or in \"Cartoon Mash-Up\", cueing the end music] at the end of an episode.). Alongside them, there were a host of new characters, such as K.T. the studio manager cat, Wilberforce the tortoise security guard (who comes up with impractical ideas for new acts or games for the show), and a pair of poodle receptionists called Tara and Tamara (who,", "title": "Pinky and Perky" }, { "id": "16933318", "score": "1.3601928", "text": "he jumps ahead of Pac-Man as Pinky would. He might even wander off like Clyde on occasion. In the \"Pac-Man\" cartoon, Inky (voiced by Barry Gordon) is depicted as dim and loony. In \"Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures\", Inky (voiced by Lee Tockar in the TV series and by Bryce Papenbrook in the video game) is the youngest member. Though the smartest, he lacks focus most of the time. In \"Pac-Man\", Inky likes to appear in front of Pac-Man's face. Clyde, whose original name is listed as \"Pokey\", is an orange ghost who, in the original arcade game, acts stupid.", "title": "Ghosts (Pac-Man)" }, { "id": "16933317", "score": "1.3597648", "text": "arcade game, positions in front of Pac-Man. In the \"Pac-Man\" cartoon, Pinky (voiced by Chuck McCann) is depicted as male dimwitted shape shifter. In recent games, and \"Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures\", Pinky (voiced by Ashleigh Ball in the TV series and by Julia Kliewer in the video game and sequel) is depicted as a female with a crush on Pac-Man, which often puts her at odds with Cylindria. \"Bashful\", or, Inky is a baby blue ghost who, in the original arcade game, has a fickle mood. He can be unpredictable. Sometimes he chases Pac-Man aggressively like Blinky; other times", "title": "Ghosts (Pac-Man)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pac-Man\n\nGame development began in early 1979, directed by Toru Iwatani with a nine-man team. Iwatani wanted to create a game that could appeal to women as well as men, because most video games of the time had themes of war or sports. Although the inspiration for the Pac-Man character was the image of a pizza with a slice removed, Iwatani has said he also rounded out the Japanese character for mouth, kuchi (). The in-game characters were made to be cute and colorful to appeal to younger players. The original Japanese title of \"Puck Man\" was derived from the titular character's hockey puck–like shape; the title was changed for the North American release to mitigate vandalism.\n\n\"Pac-Man\" was a widespread critical and commercial success, leading to several sequels, merchandise, and two television series, as well as a hit single by Buckner & Garcia. The character of Pac-Man is now the mascot and flagship icon of Bandai Namco Entertainment. The game remains one of the highest-grossing and best-selling games, generating more than $14 billion in revenue () and 43 million units in sales combined, and has an enduring commercial and cultural legacy, commonly listed as one of the greatest video games of all time.", "title": "Pac-Man" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures episodes\n\nThis is a list of episodes for the Disney XD animated series \"Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures\".", "title": "List of Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures episodes" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pac-Man (TV series)\n\nPac-Man is a 30-minute Saturday morning American animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions based on the Namco video game franchise of the same title. It premiered on ABC and ran for 44 episodes over two seasons from September 25, 1982, to November 5, 1983. It was the first cartoon based on a video game.\n\nIt was the highest-rated Saturday morning cartoon show in the US during late 1982. Upon its debut, it was watched by an audience of over children in the US, in addition to adults.", "title": "Pac-Man (TV series)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures\n\nPac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures, also known in Japan as is a computer-animated television series produced by 41 Entertainment, Arad Productions, a partnership between Sprite Animation Studios and OLM, Inc., and Bandai Namco Entertainment for Tokyo MX (stereo version), BS11 (stereo version) and Disney XD (bilingual version). Based on Bandai Namco's Pac-Man video game franchise, it is the second animated series to be based upon the game franchise, following the 1982 TV series. The show aired from June 15, 2013 to May 25, 2015, running for two seasons and 52 episodes.\n\nVarious games and merchandise were produced based on the series, including two video games and several mobile apps.", "title": "Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Pac-Land\n\n\"Pac-Land\" was created by Namco Research and Development 1 programmer Yoshihiro Kishimoto, who was tasked with creating an arcade game based on the American \"Pac-Man\" cartoon television series by Hanna-Barbera. The backgrounds were made to be vibrant and colorful, and the characters to be detailed and move smoothly to match the show's animation style. The control scheme was inspired by Konami's \"Track & Field\" (1983), using buttons instead of a traditional joystick to make it stand out among other games at the time. A new Namco Pac-Land arcade system was created to make it easier to develop the game and was used for several later Namco games, including \"Baraduke\" (1985) and \"Metro-Cross\" (1985).\n\n\"Pac-Land\" was a commercial success in arcades, becoming one of the top five highest-grossing arcade games of 1985 in the United States. It was well-received by critics for its colorful graphics, stage designs, and soundtrack, although was often criticized for its difficulty. It is cited as an important and influential game in the platform genre, paving the way for many games to follow such as \"Super Mario Bros.\", \"Ghosts'n Goblins\", \"Alex Kidd\" and \"Wonder Boy\". It was ported to several home consoles and computers, including the Family Computer, PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16, Commodore 64 and Atari Lynx. It is the first platform game in the \"Pac-Man\" series, and was followed by \"\" (1994).", "title": "Pac-Land" }, { "id": "17144268", "score": "1.3500328", "text": "Lost Girls Lost Girls is a graphic novel written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Melinda Gebbie, depicting the sexually explicit adventures of three female fictional characters of the late 19th and early 20th century: Alice from Lewis Carroll's \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\" and \"Through the Looking-Glass\", Dorothy Gale from L. Frank Baum's \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", and Wendy Darling from J. M. Barrie's \"Peter and Wendy\". They meet as adults in 1913 and describe and share some of their erotic adventures with each other. Alice from \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\" and \"Through the Looking-Glass\" (now grey-haired, and called", "title": "Lost Girls" }, { "id": "20081991", "score": "1.3407816", "text": "in Chapter 4 and 5 as a heroic version of Alice, referred to as \"Allison Angel\". Throughout the game, Henry encounters numerous staff members, transformed into monsters made from ink, or resembling the studio's animated characters. A number of these appear in Chapter 4, referred to as the \"Lost Ones\", but show no hostility towards the player, though turn antagonistic in Chapter 5 after Sammy's death. The stock enemy in the game are the \"Searchers\", though other variants appear in boss battles. The studio has created several in-universe cartoon characters who starred in silent animated shorts. The titular character is", "title": "Bendy and the Ink Machine" }, { "id": "12824907", "score": "1.3394308", "text": "and had never thought much of it until he began receiving strange letters sent to his house. When Jonah's friend Chip, who received the same letters, learns that he is also adopted, Jonah, Chip and Jonah's sister, Katherine, set out to find out the truth about their origins. They end up in the middle of FBI investigation, people appearing and disappearing, and a strange tale from a woman named Angela DuPre, who saw a plane appear (and later disappear) from nowhere, and discovered 36 babies on board, minus pilot and copilot. The three come to realize that Jonah and Chip", "title": "The Missing (novel series)" }, { "id": "7437824", "score": "1.3387794", "text": "Ginger. But then suddenly, Ginger disappeared! Later on Thanksgiving Day, the dog went missing. Jerry and his sister Rachel tried to find Ginger, but could not. They go all around Cranbury and ask neighbors to help, and later find out that Ginger had been tied up in a shed. They then discover the identity of the thief: Wally Bullwinkle. The book closes with Ginger home safe to a happy family. Pinky Pye is a 1958 book by Eleanor Estes, the sequel to Ginger Pye. In this book, the eponymous black kitten is adopted by the Pyes during their summer vacation", "title": "Ginger Pye" }, { "id": "12824933", "score": "1.3260139", "text": "and Kevin are then joined by Jonah, Katherine, Chip, JB, Angela and his parents. Everybody is frozen by Mr. Rathbone but he is killed by Kevin's Elucidator. In the epilogue, Kevin is adopted by the Skidmore's, and babies Gary and Hodge by Hadley Correo and Angela, bringing them up to 4 adopted kids (including Maria and Leonid from \"Risked\" . JB reveals to them that the time agency is sealing off time travel to prevent any more near-disasters, but secretly gives them an emergency Elucidator. \"Redeemed\" was released on September 8, 2015. The Missing (novel series) \"The Missing\" is a", "title": "The Missing (novel series)" }, { "id": "10431339", "score": "1.324918", "text": "of 3 at Long Mile Beach where she was playing hide-and-seek with her mother. Sonia later sold her to the Matthews. Sonia changes her appearance all the time; she has many different looks. Girl, Missing Girl, Missing is an English-language thriller novel by Sophie McKenzie, published in 2006. It won the 2007 Bolton Children's Book Award, the 2008 Manchester Book Award and the 2007 Red House Children's Book Award for Older Readers, as well as being longlisted for the Carnegie Medal. It was also one of the books picked for the Richard & Judy Children's Book Club. The main character", "title": "Girl, Missing" }, { "id": "5154929", "score": "1.3233038", "text": "of the Universe. David \"Pinky\" Perkins and Akrid Snell were the lead characters in a set of detective novels and both worked as JurisFiction agents. Perkins headed up the Grammasite Research facility, in a land appropriated from an unpublished fantasy novel (\"The Sword of the Zenobians\"), which is populated by many fictional creatures who were unable to live safely within their own novels. He was slain when the Minotaur, held captive within the fantasy, was deliberately released to kill him. Snell worked as the lawyer for JurisFiction. He is the first to contact Thursday by Footnoterphone in \"Lost in a", "title": "Characters in the Thursday Next series" }, { "id": "5365103", "score": "1.3142109", "text": "Pinky and Perky Pinky and Perky is a children's television series first broadcast by BBC TV in 1957, and revived in 2008 as a computer-animated adaptation. The title characters are a pair of anthropomorphic puppet pigs, named Pinky and Perky, who were originally going to be named Pinky and Porky but there was a problem registering Porky as a character name. This was solved by Margaret Potter, the wife of their producer, Trevor Hill, who also discovered them, when she woke him up one night announcing \"I've got it! Pinky and Perky!\" They were created by Czechoslovakian immigrants Jan and", "title": "Pinky and Perky" }, { "id": "6284935", "score": "1.3138218", "text": "The Inkwell The Inkwell is a 1994 romantic comedy/drama film, directed by Matty Rich. The film stars Larenz Tate, Joe Morton, Suzzanne Douglass, Glynn Turman, Jada Pinkett and Vanessa Bell Calloway. Set in the summer of 1976, the film follows the adventures of Drew Tate (Larenz Tate), a shy 16-year-old from upstate New York, when he and his family spend two weeks with affluent relatives on Martha's Vineyard. Drew's parents, Kenny (Joe Morton) and Brenda (Suzzanne Douglass), worry that their son is emotionally disturbed. His favorite companion is a doll, in which he names Iago (after the character in the", "title": "The Inkwell" }, { "id": "5365111", "score": "1.3130445", "text": "stated: Pinky and Perky Pinky and Perky is a children's television series first broadcast by BBC TV in 1957, and revived in 2008 as a computer-animated adaptation. The title characters are a pair of anthropomorphic puppet pigs, named Pinky and Perky, who were originally going to be named Pinky and Porky but there was a problem registering Porky as a character name. This was solved by Margaret Potter, the wife of their producer, Trevor Hill, who also discovered them, when she woke him up one night announcing \"I've got it! Pinky and Perky!\" They were created by Czechoslovakian immigrants Jan", "title": "Pinky and Perky" }, { "id": "9878887", "score": "1.3120439", "text": "and the audience are killers in cages. Miss Jones is brought by Mr Jacob to view three babies in a cage, although the cage is referred to as a playpen by Jacob. The babies, named Pinkie, Yellow and Bluey, are clearly fully grown and quite different from each other, yet Jacob insists that they are just babies and are identical triplets. The fact that they do not look identical is one of the points of interest of the babies. Jacob also reveals that the babies parents were killed, one being stabbed and the other shot. After Jacob has left Miss", "title": "People in Cages" }, { "id": "1648413", "score": "1.3119311", "text": "Inki Inki is the lead character in an animated cartoon series of Warner Bros. \"Looney Tunes\" and \"Merrie Melodies\" short films by animator Chuck Jones. Inki, created for Warner Bros.' \"Merrie Melodies\" series of theatrical animated shorts, is a little African boy who usually dresses in a simple loincloth, armband, legband, earrings, and a bone through his hair. He never speaks. The character's pickaninny look was designed by Disney veteran Charlie Thorson. The plot of the cartoon focuses on little Inki hunting, oblivious to the fact that he himself is being hunted by a hungry lion. Also central to the", "title": "Inki" }, { "id": "2418138", "score": "1.3114336", "text": "plans to return North. Dicey asks her to stay temporarily to care for her ailing, elderly white friend and neighbor, Miss Em (Ethel Barrymore). Pinky has always disliked Miss Em and lumps her in with the other bigots in the area. Pinky relents and agrees to tend Miss Em after learning that she personally cared for Dicey when she had pneumonia. Pinky nurses the strong-willed Miss Em, but does not hide her resentment. As they spend time together, however, she grows to like and respect her patient. Miss Em bequeaths Pinky her stately house and property when she dies, but", "title": "Pinky (film)" }, { "id": "13566918", "score": "1.3024685", "text": "well by critics. Emily, disguised as her twin sister Katie, arrives at college to take Katie's history exam. In reality, Katie is at home, with nine stitches to the head after being hit with a rock by their friend Effy Stonem, who has disappeared. Katie is embarrassed about how her injuries look, and miserable over the loss of her boyfriend Freddie Mclair (Luke Pasqualino), who only dated her to spite Effy, his real love interest. She begins to take notice of all the hints in front of her, and realises that she can no longer hide from herself the fact", "title": "Katie and Emily" }, { "id": "11103190", "score": "1.3024113", "text": "Among the Missing (novel) Among the Missing is a splatterpunk crime novel by American author Richard Laymon. It was first published in 1999 by Headline Publishing. The novel takes place in Sierra County, California, primarily around the Silver Lake area. The story begins with a man and woman visiting a section of the Silver River referred to as 'the Bend', apparently with the intention of engaging in a romantic tryst. The next day, the woman's decapitated body is discovered by a young couple, Bass and his girlfriend Faye. Sheriff Rusty Hodges and his daughter-in-law, Deputy Mary \"Pac\" Hodges, are called", "title": "Among the Missing (novel)" } ]

[ "In this style 10/6", "hatter", "Why is a raven like a writing desk%3F", "10 6", "madhatter", "The Hatter", "Mad Hatter", "mad hatter", "The Mad Hatter", "MadHatter", "hatter alice s adventures in wonderland", "Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)", "10/6", "why is raven like writing desk 3f", "in this style 10 6" ]

[ { "id": "1902421", "score": "1.9242296", "text": "a lot of his lines came from improvisation. March Hare The March Hare (called Haigha in \"Through the Looking-Glass\") is a character most famous for appearing in the tea party scene in Lewis Carroll's \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\". The main character, Alice, hypothesizes, \"Mad as a March hare\" is a common British English phrase, both now and in Carroll's time, and appears in John Heywood's collection of proverbs published in 1546. It is reported in \"The Annotated Alice\" by Martin Gardner that this proverb is based on popular belief about hares' behaviour at the beginning of the long breeding season,", "title": "March Hare" }, { "id": "633581", "score": "1.8673043", "text": "Mad Tea-Party: Alice becomes a guest at a \"mad\" tea party along with the March Hare, the Hatter, and a very tired Dormouse who falls asleep frequently, only to be violently awakened moments later by the March Hare and the Hatter. The characters give Alice many riddles and stories, including the famous 'Why is a raven like a writing desk?'. The Hatter reveals that they have tea all day because Time has punished him by eternally standing still at 6 pm (tea time). Alice becomes insulted and tired of being bombarded with riddles and she leaves claiming that it was", "title": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" }, { "id": "1902412", "score": "1.858396", "text": "March Hare The March Hare (called Haigha in \"Through the Looking-Glass\") is a character most famous for appearing in the tea party scene in Lewis Carroll's \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\". The main character, Alice, hypothesizes, \"Mad as a March hare\" is a common British English phrase, both now and in Carroll's time, and appears in John Heywood's collection of proverbs published in 1546. It is reported in \"The Annotated Alice\" by Martin Gardner that this proverb is based on popular belief about hares' behaviour at the beginning of the long breeding season, which lasts from February to September in Britain.", "title": "March Hare" }, { "id": "1902417", "score": "1.8286617", "text": "insane.The character Reim himself is also similar to March Hare as his friend Break has the chain Mad hatter mirrors the friendship of the Hatter and the Hare's. Disney's \"Alice in Wonderland\", an animated film, depicted the March Hare at the tea party as being deliriously confused. He repeatedly offers Alice a cup of tea, but distractedly pulls the cup out of her reach or takes it from her hands just as she is about to drink. He was voiced by Jerry Colonna, after whom his appearance and personality were modelled. He was animated by Ward Kimball. Kimball also led", "title": "March Hare" }, { "id": "1508883", "score": "1.7931516", "text": "In it, the Hatter explains to Alice that he and the March Hare are always having tea because when he tried to sing for the foul-tempered Queen of Hearts, she sentenced him to death for \"murdering the time\", but he escapes decapitation. In retaliation, time (referred to as a \"he\" in the novel) halts himself in respect to the Hatter, keeping him and the March Hare stuck at 18:00 (or 6:00 pm) forever. When Alice arrives at the tea party, the Hatter is characterised by switching places on the table at any given time, making short, personal remarks, asking unanswerable", "title": "Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Mad Hatter (DC Comics)\n\nThe Mad Hatter (Jervis Tetch) is a supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. He is modeled after the Hatter from Lewis Carroll's novel \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", a character often called the \"Mad Hatter\" in adaptations of Carroll. He is also a scientist who invents and uses technological mind control devices to influence and manipulate the minds of his victims. He is one of Batman's most enduring enemies and belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up Batman's rogues gallery.\n\nThe Mad Hatter has been substantially adapted from the comics into various forms of media, including feature films, television series, and video games. He has been voiced by Roddy McDowall in the DC animated universe, Peter MacNicol in the \"\" video game series, and Griffin Newman in \"Harley Quinn\". He has also been portrayed in live-action by David Wayne in the 1960s \"Batman\" series, and Benedict Samuel in the Fox series \"Gotham\". A variation of the character named Liam Crandle appeared in the third season premiere of the Arrowverse series \"Batwoman\", portrayed by Amitai Marmorstein.", "title": "Mad Hatter (DC Comics)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Talk:Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "John Ruskin\n\nJohn Ruskin (8 February 1819 20 January 1900) was an English writer, philosopher, art critic and polymath of the Victorian era. He wrote on subjects as varied as geology, architecture, myth, ornithology, literature, education, botany and political economy.\n\nRuskin's writing styles and literary forms were equally varied. He wrote essays and treatises, poetry and lectures, travel guides and manuals, letters and even a fairy tale. He also made detailed sketches and paintings of rocks, plants, birds, landscapes, architectural structures and ornamentation. The elaborate style that characterised his earliest writing on art gave way in time to plainer language designed to communicate his ideas more effectively. In all of his writing, he emphasised the connections between nature, art and society. \n\nRuskin was hugely influential in the latter half of the 19th century and up to the First World War. After a period of relative decline, his reputation has steadily improved since the 1960s with the publication of numerous academic studies of his work. Today, his ideas and concerns are widely recognised as having anticipated interest in environmentalism, sustainability and craft.\n\nRuskin first came to widespread attention with the first volume of \"Modern Painters\" (1843), an extended essay in defence of the work of J. M. W. Turner in which he argued that the principal role of the artist is \"truth to nature\". From the 1850s, he championed the Pre-Raphaelites, who were influenced by his ideas. His work increasingly focused on social and political issues. \"Unto This Last\" (1860, 1862) marked the shift in emphasis. In 1869, Ruskin became the first Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Oxford, where he established the Ruskin School of Drawing. In 1871, he began his monthly \"letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain\", published under the title \"Fors Clavigera\" (1871–1884). In the course of this complex and deeply personal work, he developed the principles underlying his ideal society. As a result, he founded the Guild of St George, an organisation that endures today.", "title": "John Ruskin" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Archive 221" }, { "id": "20086723", "score": "1.7270718", "text": "March Hare delights in confusing her and the Hatter asks an impossible riddle with no answer. Taking out his watch the hatter complains that the March Hare has tampered with it by putting butter in it. It turns out that time itself has stopped at the tea party as a result of the Hatter's quarrel with time itself. Because of a bad recitation at the Queen of Hearts's concert, the savage Queen claimed he was murdering the time. Time and the Hatter fell out and as a punishment its always six o clock for the Hatter now. The Hatter laments", "title": "Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass (2001 Adrian Mitchell stage adaptation)" }, { "id": "14181981", "score": "1.7241908", "text": "between the Duchess and the Cook, revealing that the pig-babies raised by the Duchess are bred as food for the Queen's banquets. The most pivotal departure from Carroll's original text comes in the 7th verse, \"The Tea Party Resumes\", where it is first hinted at (by a sleep-talking Dormouse) that the Knave of Hearts may not in fact be responsible for the theft of the Queen's tarts. Through rapid wordplay and cunning juxtaposition, both the Mad Hatter and March Hare attempt to muddy the facts and confuse Alice — though, the astute reader will glean much from the Dormouse's revelation", "title": "Alice in Verse: The Lost Rhymes of Wonderland" }, { "id": "20086722", "score": "1.7067977", "text": "want to be among mad people and the cat remarks that everyone in Wonderland is mad, even her. It justifies why its mad and disappears leaving only a grin. Faced with an unenviable decision, Alice decides to visit the March Hare as she's seen hatters before. Coming across a tea-table in front of a house where the roof is shaped like ears, Alice sees the March Hare along with a Hatter and a Dormouse taking tea. Joining them, they angrily tell her there's no room at the table, even though there is. Irritated, Alice decides to sit down anyway. The", "title": "Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass (2001 Adrian Mitchell stage adaptation)" }, { "id": "633582", "score": "1.7040851", "text": "the stupidest tea party that she had ever been to. Chapter Eight – The Queen's Croquet Ground: Alice leaves the tea party and enters the garden where she comes upon three living playing cards painting the white roses on a rose tree red because The Queen of Hearts hates white roses. A procession of more cards, kings and queens and even the White Rabbit enters the garden. Alice then meets the King and Queen. The Queen, a figure difficult to please, introduces her trademark phrase \"Off with his head!\" which she utters at the slightest dissatisfaction with a subject. Alice", "title": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" }, { "id": "7039814", "score": "1.6925159", "text": "Dodgson (Ian Holm) in their room, and then, later, the Mad Hatter (voiced by Tony Haygarth) and the March Hare (voiced by Ken Campbell). Joining them for their insane tea party, she is berated for being so old and forgetful. She remembers also the lazy boating party of 4 July 1862, when the young Reverend Charles Dodgson, (Lecturer in Mathematics at Christ Church, Oxford, where her father was the Dean), had attempted to entertain her and her sisters by spinning the nonsense tale that grew to be \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\". Via flashbacks, it is insinuated that Dodgson had an", "title": "Dreamchild" }, { "id": "1902420", "score": "1.6860306", "text": "whenever his emotions are strained. He is first seen in the \"Tea Party\" scene, which takes place at his \"Hare House\" windmill. Thackery hosts a tea party, which he shares with Tarrant Hightopp the Mad Hatter, Mallymkun the Dormouse, and Chess the Cheshire Cat. He appears a second time in the White Queen's kitchen, frantically cooking and throwing dishes. His third appearance is at the Frabjous Day scene, in which he stands with the other characters wielding a ladle as his weapon, nervous and somewhat ready to go to battle. Burton stated that because Whitehouse is a great comedic actor,", "title": "March Hare" }, { "id": "1508887", "score": "1.6784636", "text": "and other amusements, such asylums also held tea-parties. The Hatter introduced in Carroll's \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\" wears a large top hat with a hatband reading \"In this style 10/6\". This is the hat's price tag, indicative of The Hatter's trade, and giving the price in pre-decimal British money as ten shillings and six pence (or half a guinea). The Hatter and his tea party friend, the March Hare, are initially referred to as \"both mad\" by the distinctive Cheshire Cat. The first mention of both characters occurs in the sixth chapter of Carroll's \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\", titled \"Pig", "title": "Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)" }, { "id": "11073659", "score": "1.6654837", "text": "the \"hard-boiled\" criminal egg, Humphrey Dumpty. And Hedda Hatter (a new character who pops into the Mad Tea Party at the behest of the Mad Hatter) is voiced by gossip columnist Hedda Hopper. It would be her last \"public appearance\"; she died two months prior to the film's initial broadcast. In the book, Alice goes through a looking glass; in this version, she goes through a TV screen. In the book, Alice has a cat named Dinah, while in this version, she has a dog named Fluff. Rexall and Coca-Cola sponsored this feature, and characters from the movie appeared in", "title": "Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This?" }, { "id": "1902419", "score": "1.664772", "text": "2010 Disney film \"Alice in Wonderland\", voiced by Paul Whitehouse. His full name is Thackery Earwicket; this, however, is not mentioned in the film. In the movie, the March Hare behaves as if constantly nerve-wracked and completely delirious. He is a cook in the film, and the way he eccentrically throws dishes and pots suggests he is an amalgam of both the March Hare and the cook from Lewis Carroll's original book. The March Hare has a strong Scottish accent in this movie, while his friend the Mad Hatter (played by Johnny Depp) switches into a Scottish accent as well", "title": "March Hare" }, { "id": "1684709", "score": "1.6603296", "text": "mad. Alice finds the Mad Hatter, March Hare, and the Dormouse having an outdoor tea party, and sits down to join them. As tea time entertainment the Mad Hatter, who doesn't like her version of twinkle, twinkle little star, sings Alice a song of his own (\"Laugh\"). Upset by the rudeness of the Mad Tea Party, Alice runs off back on her quest for the White Rabbit, and meets a baby fawn in the forest, the only normal thing she's seen so far (\"Why Do People Act as If They're Crazy?\"). Alice stumbles upon a doorway that leads to the", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (1985 film)" }, { "id": "10316689", "score": "1.6588907", "text": "second time at Thackery Earwicket, the March Hare's tea party having tea with the March Hare and the Mad Hatter. She is seen a third time rescuing the Hatter from the Red Queen. She is seen a fourth time at the end, fighting the Red Queen's forces. She also appears in the movie's 2016 sequel in the beginning when Alice returns to wonderland, and later when Time travels back to the past and encounters her, the Hatter and the March Hare having a tea party, which he curses to last forever after he realizes they are stalling him. The Dormouse", "title": "The Dormouse" }, { "id": "1902415", "score": "1.6498536", "text": "failing to serve tea with the evidence (the tarts). In this Japanese manga, \"Alice in the Country of Hearts\", the March Hare is Elliot March. Elliot is Blood Dupre (the Hatter)'s right-hand man. He is basically human with the exception of two brown rabbit ears. When called a rabbit, he often becomes insulted and rants about how his ears are 'just bigger than average'. He isn't specifically crazy or mad, but he is a bit violent in the beginning. He almost kills Alice with his long-barrelled gun before Blood stopped him. But, as the story progresses, it is shown that", "title": "March Hare" }, { "id": "2372600", "score": "1.6436908", "text": "Queen calls the March Hare, the Dormouse, and the Mad Hatter to witness, who hold an unbirthday party for her and cheer her up considerably. During the party, the Cheshire Cat reappears and upsets the Dormouse. The frightened Dormouse runs all over, and in an attempt to crush the Dormouse, the King of Hearts accidentally hits the Queen on the head with the gavel, which is hastily passed into the March Hare's hands, then the Hatter's, and finally Alice's. The Queen, of course, blames Alice for it, and is going to have her beheaded. But Alice eats mushrooms she had", "title": "Queen of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)" }, { "id": "3364865", "score": "1.6392701", "text": "encounters both, along with the Dormouse, at the Hare's house having a mad tea party and celebrating their \"unbirthday\". They celebrate her unbirthday too, but she becomes frustrated at being interrupting every time she tries to speak. As she is about to leave, the Rabbit appears, continuing to exclaim that he is late; the Hatter examines his pocket watch and says it is \"two days slow\", and attempts to \"fix\" it by filling it with food and tea but ends up having to destroy it after it goes \"mad\". The Rabbit laments that his watch was an \"unbirthday present\", and", "title": "Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)" }, { "id": "7981476", "score": "1.6346695", "text": "of the Castle, for children to go down without the stairs, but it was removed due to safety reasons during the park's opening year. Close to this maze is a recreation of the Tea Party of the March Hare and the Hatter. Known as March Hare Refreshments, guests can have drinks near the Hare's house. Like in Walt Disney World and in Tokyo Disneyland, the Dormouse can be seen popping his head out of a large teapot and the March Hare, although absent, can be seen on the sign of the doorway. The attraction Mad Hatter's Tea Cups is located", "title": "Alice's Curious Labyrinth" } ]

[ "georgewbush", "George W. Bush Street", "george w bussh", "George w. bush", "George w.", "Bush (43)", "President George W Bush", "Dubya", "43rd President of the United States", "George Bush (43rd U.S. President)", "george bush junior", "junior bush", "President George Walker Bush", "GeorgeWBush", "george bush 43", "george bush 2000", "Bush Junior", "gorge w bush", "George Walker Bush", "dubya", "george w bush painter", "president george walker bush", "George Bush Jr", "former president george w bush", "George W. bush", "g w b", "George W.", "george w buah", "George Bush, Jr.", "George W. Bussh", "goerge w bush", "43rd president of united states", "George W. Budh", "g walker bush", "Gorge w bush", "US President George W. Bush", "George Bush Junior", "gw bush", "bush jr", "43rd Pesident of the United States", "George w", "GW Bush", "George Bush (43)", "bush junior", "george bush ii", "George Dubya Bush", "W. bush", "President Bush (2000)", "Bush II", "GEORGE W. BUSH", "president george w bush", "Gw bush", "Jorge W. Bush", "Gorge W. Bush", "George W. Bush, 43rd President of the United States", "bush younger", "George Wаlker Bush", "George W", "Bushists", "Bush the younger", "G. Walker Bush", "George w bush", "Religious faith of George W. Bush", "2004 republican presidential nominee", "G. Dub", "Bush Jr.", "george w bush", "George Bush Jr.", "Bush the Younger", "george walker bush", "george dubya bush", "Junior Bush", "president bush 2000", "2000 Republican Presidential Nominee", "religious faith of george w bush", "Dubya Bush", "bushists", "Goerge W. Bush", "Former President George W. Bush", "George W Bush Jr", "g w bush", "Bush-43", "george w bush jr", "George Bush II", "bush 43", "george bush 43rd u s president", "Bush 43", "george w bush street", "bushian", "President Bush (43)", "baby bush", "W bush", "W Bush", "George W.Bush", "george w", "international perception of george w bush", "George W. Bush", "George Bush 2", "george younger", "George the Younger", "bush ii", "g dub", "Bush, George W.", "jorge w bush", "Bushian", "george bush jr", "43rd pesident of united states", "George W. Bush (painter)", "geroge w bush", "george bush 2", "International perception of george W. Bush", "George W Bush", "George bush 43", "Baby Bush", "2000 republican presidential nominee", "G. W. B.", "G.w.bush", "w bush", "george w bush 43rd president of united states", "Geroge W Bush", "george w budh", "G W Bush", "dubyuh", "president bush 43", "dubya bush", "George Bush (2000)", "us president george w bush", "G. W. Bush", "Dubyuh", "George W bush", "G.W. Bush", "george wаlker bush", "W. Bush", "G Dub", "bush george w", "George w Bush", "George Bush jr.", "George W. Buah", "2004 Republican Presidential Nominee" ]

[ { "id": "14507941", "score": "1.9485228", "text": "Decision Points Decision Points is a memoir by former U.S. President George W. Bush. It was released on November 9, 2010, and the release was accompanied by national television appearances and a national tour. The book surpassed sales of two million copies less than two months after its release, breaking the record previously held by former President Bill Clinton's memoir \"My Life\". \"Decision Points\" also opened at #1 on the \"New York Times\" bestseller list. Bush's 481-page memoir is broken up into 14 chapters. The first two chapters are about his life before the presidency. The first chapter is about", "title": "Decision Points" }, { "id": "14507953", "score": "1.883683", "text": "should have stayed in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and deployed active-duty troops quickly in order to assist Hurricane Katrina victims as well as Bush's admission that he failed to see the \"house of cards\" in America's financial sector. Decision Points Decision Points is a memoir by former U.S. President George W. Bush. It was released on November 9, 2010, and the release was accompanied by national television appearances and a national tour. The book surpassed sales of two million copies less than two months after its release, breaking the record previously held by former President Bill Clinton's memoir \"My Life\". \"Decision", "title": "Decision Points" }, { "id": "6666718", "score": "1.6713998", "text": "paid an undisclosed visit to the survivors and victims' families the day following the shooting, having contacted the base commander requesting that the visit be private and not involve press coverage. Bush released his memoirs, \"Decision Points\", on November 9, 2010. During a pre-release appearance promoting the book, Bush said he considered his biggest accomplishment to be keeping \"the country safe amid a real danger\", and his greatest failure to be his inability to secure the passage of Social Security reform. He also made news defending his administration's enhanced interrogation techniques, specifically the waterboarding of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, saying, \"I'd", "title": "George W. Bush" }, { "id": "18098419", "score": "1.6118298", "text": "turning her head and smiling slightly, while dressed in a blue, collared shirt and wearing bold silver earrings. Hard Choices Hard Choices is a memoir of former United States Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, published by Simon & Schuster in 2014, giving her account of her tenure in that position from 2009-2013. It also discusses some personal aspects of her life and career, including her feelings towards President Barack Obama following her 2008 presidential campaign loss to him. It is generally supportive of decisions made by the Obama administration. The book was promoted partly in light of the possibility", "title": "Hard Choices" }, { "id": "18528135", "score": "1.5733048", "text": "Decision (novel) Decision is a 1983 political novel by Allen Drury which follows a newly appointed Supreme Court Justice as he is faced with the most difficult decision of his life. It is a standalone work set in a different fictional timeline from Drury's 1959 novel \"Advise and Consent\", which earned him a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. The novel was out of print for several years until WordFire Press reissued it in paperback and e-book formats in 2014. Tay Barbour has just achieved his ultimate goal—a seat on the US Supreme Court—when his marriage crumbles and a terrorist bombing puts", "title": "Decision (novel)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "A Promised Land\n\nA Promised Land is a memoir by Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. Published on November 17, 2020, it is the first of a planned two-volume series. Remaining focused on his political career, the presidential memoir documents Obama's life from his early years through to the events surrounding the killing of Osama bin Laden in May 2011. The book is 768 pages long and available in digital, paperback, and hardcover formats and has been translated into two dozen languages. There is also a 28-hour audiobook edition that is read by Obama himself.\n\nThe book has received many reviews and was put on end-of-year best of lists by \"The New York Times\", \"The Washington Post\", and \"The Guardian\". Commercially, it has been extremely successful and, as of the February 7, 2021 issue, the book has been the \"New York Times\" best-seller in non-fiction for ten consecutive weeks. The book was highly anticipated and, two months before its release, \"The New York Times\" remarked that it was \"virtually guaranteed\" to be the year's top seller, despite its mid-November release date.", "title": "A Promised Land" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Criticism of Amazon\n\nAmazon.com has drawn criticism from multiple sources, where the ethics of certain business practices and policies have been drawn into question. Amazon has faced numerous allegations of anti-competitive or monopolistic behavior, as well as criticisms of their treatment of workers and consumers. Concerns have frequently been raised regarding the availability or unavailability of products and services on Amazon platforms, as Amazon is considered a monopoly due to its size.", "title": "Criticism of Amazon" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Stephanie Miller\n\nStephanie Catherine Miller (born September 29, 1961) is an American political commentator, comedian, and host of \"The Stephanie Miller Show\", a Progressive talk radio program produced in Los Angeles, California, by WYD Media Management and syndicated nationally by Westwood One. In 2017, \"Talkers Magazine\" ranked her the 23rd-most important radio talk show host in the U.S. Miller has leveraged her talk show via various platforms including online, as well as via her \"Sexy Liberal Tour\" live comedy show.", "title": "Stephanie Miller" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Maus\n\nMaus is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Art Spiegelman, serialized from 1980 to 1991. It depicts Spiegelman interviewing his father about his experiences as a Polish Jew and Holocaust survivor. The work employs postmodern techniques, and represents Jews as mice and other Germans and Poles as cats and pigs. Critics have classified \"Maus\" as memoir, biography, history, fiction, autobiography, or a mix of genres. In 1992 it became the first graphic novel to win a Pulitzer Prize.\n\nIn the frame-tale timeline in the narrative present that begins in 1978 in New York City, Spiegelman talks with his father Vladek about his Holocaust experiences, gathering material and information for the \"Maus\" project he is preparing. In the narrative past, Spiegelman depicts these experiences, from the years leading up to World War II to his parents' liberation from the Nazi concentration camps. Much of the story revolves around Spiegelman's troubled relationship with his father and the absence of his mother, who died by suicide when he was 20. Her grief-stricken husband destroyed her written accounts of Auschwitz. The book uses a minimalist drawing style and displays innovation in its pacing, structure, and page layouts.\n\nA three-page strip also called \"Maus\" that he made in 1972 gave Spiegelman an opportunity to interview his father about his life during World War II. The recorded interviews became the basis for the book, which Spiegelman began in 1978. He serialized \"Maus\" from 1980 until 1991 as an insert in \"Raw\", an avant-garde comics and graphics magazine published by Spiegelman and his wife, Françoise Mouly, who also appears in \"Maus\". A collected volume of the first six chapters that appeared in 1986 brought the book mainstream attention; a second volume collected the remaining chapters in 1991. \"Maus\" was one of the first books in graphic novel format to receive significant academic attention in the English-speaking world.", "title": "Maus" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Stephen King\n\nStephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, crime, science-fiction, and fantasy novels. Described as the \"King of Horror\", a play on his surname and a reference to his high standing in pop culture, his books have sold more than 350 million copies, and many have been adapted into films, television series, miniseries, and comic books. King has published 64 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman, and five non-fiction books. He has also written approximately 200 short stories, most of which have been published in book collections.\n\nKing has received Bram Stoker Awards, World Fantasy Awards, and British Fantasy Society Awards. In 2003, the National Book Foundation awarded him the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. He has also received awards for his contribution to literature for his entire bibliography, such as the 2004 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement and the 2007 Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America. In 2015, he was awarded with a National Medal of Arts from the U.S. National Endowment for the Arts for his contributions to literature.", "title": "Stephen King" }, { "id": "18098416", "score": "1.5719457", "text": "2016 Republican presidential candidates, her sales were well short of Ben Carson's \"One Nation: What We Can All Do To Save America's Future\", but were well ahead of those of any of the others, with only the combined sales of a pair of books by Donald Trump coming close. By late November 2015, counting both print and e-books, \"Time\" magazine said \"Hard Choices\" had sold a little over 340,000 units. Simon & Schuster viewed international and foreign language sales as key to the book's potential for success. On its initial release date of June 10, it was published in Canada,", "title": "Hard Choices" }, { "id": "15083278", "score": "1.5635229", "text": "copies. However, the novel's Giller Prize win pushed sales demand for the novel well beyond the 1,000 copies per week that Gaspereau could produce on its own, with the result that the book was virtually unavailable in stores. Chapters-Indigo, Canada's primary bookstore chain, did not have a single copy of the book in stock anywhere in Canada in the entire week of the Giller announcement. However, the paper book's unavailability resulted in a significant increase in ebook sales; the ebook version of the novel quickly became the top-selling title for Kobo devices, outselling even George W. Bush's memoir \"Decision Points\".", "title": "The Sentimentalists (novel)" }, { "id": "9381625", "score": "1.562773", "text": "The Decision (novel) The Decision is the 18th book in the Animorphs series, written by K.A. Applegate. It is narrated by Ax. The inside front cover quote is, \"Ax is about to bug out...\" The front cover quote is, \"Change a little. Change a lot. Just change...\" Thanks to intel from their friend and ally, Erek the Chee, the Animorphs discover that a high-ranking member of the Secret Service, Hewlett Aldershot III, has been intentionally injured by the Yeerks and is being kept secretly in a hospital where he is heavily guarded. Since he cannot be infested while in a", "title": "The Decision (novel)" }, { "id": "3177986", "score": "1.5545396", "text": "Bush at the White House dinner for Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall on November 2, 2005. President Bill Clinton told \"People\" in December 1997 that the first audiobook he ever listened to was \"Taking Charge\" by Michael Beschloss. In Bob Woodward's \"Plan of Attack\", President George W. Bush is quoted as telling the author Elie Wiesel in February 2003, \"I read your views on Auschwitz in Michael Beschloss' book\", referring to \"The Conquerors\". Bush also refers to Beschloss' book \"Presidential Courage\" in his 2010 memoir \"Decision Points\". John Frankenheimer's last film, \"Path to War\" (HBO, 2002),", "title": "Michael Beschloss" }, { "id": "18098394", "score": "1.5536816", "text": "Hard Choices Hard Choices is a memoir of former United States Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, published by Simon & Schuster in 2014, giving her account of her tenure in that position from 2009-2013. It also discusses some personal aspects of her life and career, including her feelings towards President Barack Obama following her 2008 presidential campaign loss to him. It is generally supportive of decisions made by the Obama administration. The book was promoted partly in light of the possibility of a Clinton bid in the 2016 presidential election (in which, two years after the release of the", "title": "Hard Choices" }, { "id": "14507947", "score": "1.5521748", "text": "an economic depression was not worth taking. Bush expressed his views of the 2008 election. He stated that he was disappointed that 2008 U.S. Republican presidential candidate John McCain was reluctant to accept his endorsement and he believed that he could have helped McCain's campaign. He referenced Barack Obama several times, but positively and without criticism. He wrote about his backward-looking last days in office, Bush has stated that he began writing the book the day after he left office. He was paid $7 million for the first 1.5 million copies. In tandem with book-publication appearances, Bush hosted a November", "title": "Decision Points" }, { "id": "12350239", "score": "1.5504757", "text": "Bestseller in 2007. Karl Rove sold his memoirs, \"Courage and Consequence: My Life as a Conservative in the Fight\", to Threshold in 2007 after an auction with nine bidders, including another one of Simon & Schuster's imprints, Free Press. Rove, who received a seven-figure deal, stated that he chose the imprint as he was a longtime friend of Mary Matalin. While sales of hardcovers were down for Simon & Schuster in 2009 and early 2010, Threshold Editions had the biggest hits for the company. By 2014, Threshold was not only publishing memoirs and political commentary, but also young adult and", "title": "Threshold Editions" }, { "id": "14507949", "score": "1.5473715", "text": "earliest release, even a sneak peek at a draft, as reported by Tim Dowling of \"The Guardian\" in April 2010, six months before its publication. Quotations from the draft were published without comment, except for proposed cover pictures for the book. \"The New York Times\" Peter Baker, who was given an advance copy of the book, assessed Bush's political standing as the book release rolled out in appearances with Oprah Winfrey, Matt Lauer, and Candy Crowley. At the same time as Baker, on the \"Times\" opinion pages columnist Maureen Dowd focused unfavorably on repeated instances in the book of Bush", "title": "Decision Points" }, { "id": "9196471", "score": "1.5403001", "text": "the six business owners from Minnesota, came forward and told Fox News that one of the reasons why they did it was they thought it was a hilarious message, and the image they used was found online. Journalists from several media sources opined that the publication of Bush's memoir \"Decision Points\" in November 2010 was intended to or would have the effect of improving his post presidential image. After he left office, George W. Bush has been ranked between 31st (by USPC ) and 39th (by Siena Research Institute) out of 44 presidents in the history of the US. However,", "title": "Public image of George W. Bush" }, { "id": "13853263", "score": "1.538321", "text": "Going Rogue Going Rogue: An American Life (2009) is a personal and political memoir by politician Sarah Palin, former governor of Alaska and 2008 Republican candidate for U.S. Vice President on the ticket with Senator John McCain. She wrote it with Lynn Vincent. The book became a \"New York Times\" #1 bestseller in its first week of release, and remained there for six weeks. It is one of four political memoirs published since the 1990s to sell more than two million copies. The book deal was announced in May 2009 when Palin was still Governor of Alaska. She said that", "title": "Going Rogue" }, { "id": "18098412", "score": "1.5270882", "text": "Clinton seems to have a bigger prize in mind.\" By the time of the book's publication, it was said to have already received one million pre-orders. In actuality, Simon & Schuster said that it during its first week on sale, it sold over 100,000 copies, a figure supported by extrapolation of the underlying Nielsen BookScan data. It debuted at first on the \"New York Times\" Best Seller list for hardcover nonfiction. During its second and third weeks of availability, sales of \"Hard Choices\" declined markedly, but were still enough to keep it atop the \"Times\" Best Sellers list. In the", "title": "Hard Choices" }, { "id": "12638427", "score": "1.5227063", "text": "core and the conscience of the family and of the book. The Valley of Decision (novel) The Valley of Decision is an historical novel by the American writer Marcia Davenport (1903–1996). It was a national bestseller in the 1940s and adapted into a film, \"The Valley of Decision\", in 1945. During the late 1930s Davenport, best known for her biography of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, spent several years in Pittsburgh, her imagination caught by the drama of American industry. In 1942, Charles Scribner's Sons published her Pittsburgh novel, \"The Valley of Decision\". It was an instant success, and its story of", "title": "The Valley of Decision (novel)" }, { "id": "12332727", "score": "1.5211712", "text": "and a political reporter for Robert Novak's \"Evans-Novak Political Report\". The first press run of the book totaled nearly 300,000 copies, and it appeared on the August 24, 2008 New York Times Bestseller List for hardcover nonfiction at No. 5 (the list reflected sales for the week ending August 9, 2008; the \"Times\" stated that some book stores reported receiving bulk orders). Publicity for the book is handled by the conservative public relations firm Creative Response Concepts, headed by former Republican political official Greg Mueller. Creative Response Concepts also organized publicity for \"Unfit for Command\" by John O'Neill and Jerome", "title": "The Case Against Barack Obama" }, { "id": "18098414", "score": "1.5175006", "text": "book were living up to expectations, or indicated a lack of public interest in hearing from Clinton, became an immediate subject for public relations and political spin from interested parties. Its sales were better than those of memoirs by other former members of the Obama administration, but were considerably less than they had been in the comparable period for Clinton's first memoir \"Living History\". The publisher explained this as partly due to the differing contents of the two memoirs and partly due to the declining market for physical, nonfiction books over the decade between the two. In any case, Simon", "title": "Hard Choices" }, { "id": "5454095", "score": "1.5023966", "text": "Associated Press on April 19 and published the next day. On December 9th, 2018, he said that Democrats \"have to win\" against Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election. Macmillan Publishers' Flatiron Books announced in August 2017 that it had acquired the rights to Comey's first book, \"A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies and Leadership\", in which he discusses ethics, leadership, and his experience in government. Several publishers had submitted bids in an auction conducted by literary agency Javelin. The release date was moved up from May 1, 2018 to April 17, 2018, because of scrutiny faced by the FBI during", "title": "James Comey" } ]

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[ { "id": "1288181", "score": "2.0337324", "text": "Joe Biden Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who served as the 47th Vice President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented Delaware in the U.S. Senate from 1973 to 2009. Biden was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, in 1942, and lived there for ten years before moving with his family to Delaware. He became an attorney in 1969 and was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970. He was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 1972, when he became the sixth-youngest", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": "1288310", "score": "1.9088631", "text": "their School of Public Policy and Administration after Biden, naming it the Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration, which also houses the Biden Institute U.S. Senators are popularly elected and take office January 3 for a six-year term (except when appointed to fill existing vacancies). Footnotes Books Joe Biden Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who served as the 47th Vice President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented Delaware in the U.S. Senate from 1973 to 2009. Biden was", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": "1288200", "score": "1.8359437", "text": "family and were never substantiated by the police. Biden was sworn into office on January 5, 1973 by Francis R. Valeo, the Secretary of the Senate in a small chapel at the Delaware Division of the Wilmington Medical Center. Beau was wheeled in with his leg still in traction; Hunter, who had already been released, was also there, as were other members of the extended family. Witnesses and television cameras were also present and the event received national attention. At age 30 (the minimum age required to hold the office), Biden became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history, and one", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": "1288186", "score": "1.7616518", "text": "presidential run, and a CNN poll placed him as the most popular potential Democratic presidential candidate. Biden was born on November 20, 1942, at St. Mary's Hospital in Scranton, Pennsylvania, to Catherine Eugenia Biden (née Finnegan) and Joseph Robinette Biden Sr. He was the first of four siblings in a Catholic family, with a sister and two brothers. His mother was of Irish descent, with roots variously attributed to County Louth or County Londonderry. His paternal grandparents, Mary Elizabeth (Robinette) and Joseph Harry Biden, an oil businessman from Baltimore, Maryland, were of English, French, and Irish ancestry. His paternal great-great-great", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": "12354995", "score": "1.7450352", "text": "Electoral history of Joe Biden Electoral history of Joe Biden, 47th Vice President of the United States (2009–2017), United States Senator from Delaware (1973–2009). To date Joe Biden has not lost an election. New Castle Council, 1970: Delaware United States Senate election, 1972: Delaware United States Senate election, 1978: Delaware United States Senate election, 1984: Delaware United States Senate election, 1990: Delaware United States Senate election, 1996: Delaware United States Senate election, 2002: Delaware United States Senate election, 2008: 1984 Democratic National Convention (Presidential tally): 1988 Democratic National Convention (Presidential tally): 2008 New Hampshire Democratic Vice Presidential primary: 2008 Democratic", "title": "Electoral history of Joe Biden" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Joe Biden\n\nJoseph Robinette Biden Jr. ( ; born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who is the 46th and current president of the United States. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 47th vice president from 2009 to 2017 under President Barack Obama, and represented Delaware in the United States Senate from 1973 to 2009.\n\nBorn in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Biden moved with his family to Delaware in 1953. He studied at the University of Delaware before earning his law degree from Syracuse University. He was elected to the New Castle County Council in 1970 and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history after he was elected to the United States Senate from Delaware in 1972, at age 29. Biden was the chair or ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for 12 years. He chaired the Senate Judiciary Committee from 1987 to 1995; led the effort to pass the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and the Violence Against Women Act; and oversaw six U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings, including the contentious hearings for Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas.\n\nBiden ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988 and 2008, before becoming Obama's vice president after they won the 2008 presidential election. During his two terms as vice president, Biden frequently represented the administration in negotiations with congressional Republicans and was a close counselor to Obama. \n\nBiden and his running mate, Kamala Harris, defeated incumbent Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election. He became the oldest president in U.S. history and the first to have a female vice president. Biden signed the American Rescue Plan Act to address the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recession; the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act; the Inflation Reduction Act covering deficit reduction, climate change, healthcare, and tax reform; and the Respect for Marriage Act, which codified protections for interracial and same-sex marriages. Biden appointed Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court. In foreign policy, he restored America's membership in the Paris Agreement on climate change. He completed the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan, during which the Afghan government collapsed and the Taliban seized control. He responded to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine by imposing sanctions on Russia and authorizing foreign aid and weapons shipments to Ukraine.", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Early life and career of Joe Biden\n\nJoseph Robinette Biden Jr., the 46th president of the United States, was born November 20, 1942, at St. Mary's Hospital in Scranton, Pennsylvania, to Catherine Eugenia \"Jean\" Biden (née Finnegan) and Joseph Robinette Biden Sr. The oldest child in a Catholic family, Biden has a sister, Valerie, and two brothers, Francis and James. \n\nBiden's father had once led an affluent life, but suffered financial setbacks soon after Biden was born, and for several years the family lived with Biden's maternal grandparents. Beginning in 1953, the family lived in an apartment in Claymont, Delaware, before moving to a house in Wilmington, Delaware. Biden's father later became a successful used-car salesman, maintaining the family in a middle-class lifestyle. At Archmere Academy, Biden himself was class president in his junior and senior years. He graduated from Archmere in 1961. At the University of Delaware, Biden earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965 with a double major in history and political science, and a minor in English.\n\nIn 1966, Biden married Neilia Hunter, a student at Syracuse University. They had three children: Beau, Robert Hunter, and Naomi Christina \"Amy\". In 1968, Biden earned a Juris Doctor degree from the university's College of Law, ranked him 76th in his class of 85 students. He was admitted to the Delaware bar in 1969 and practiced as a lawyer before running for political office. In 1972, Biden's wife and daughter died in a car crash, just seven days before Christmas. Biden came close to resigning from the Senate, to which he had recently been elected for the first time that year. Five years later, Biden married Jill Jacobs—they have one daughter together, Ashley Blazer.", "title": "Early life and career of Joe Biden" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Family of Joe Biden\n\nJoe Biden, the 46th and current president of the United States, has family members who are prominent in law, education, activism and politics. Biden's immediate family became the first family of the United States on his inauguration on January 20, 2021. His immediate family circle was also the second family of the United States from 2009 to 2017, when Biden was vice president. The Biden family is of Irish, English, and French descent.<ref name=\"witcover\"/>\n\nOf Joe Biden's sixteen great-great grandparents, ten were born in Ireland. He is descended from the Blewitts of County Mayo and the Finnegans of County Louth. One of Biden's great-great-great grandfathers was born in Sussex, England, and emigrated to Maryland in the United States in or before 1822.", "title": "Family of Joe Biden" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Spiro Agnew\n\nSpiro Theodore Agnew (November 9, 1918 – September 17, 1996) was the 39th vice president of the United States, serving from 1969 until his resignation in 1973. He is the second vice president to resign the position, the other being John C. Calhoun in 1832.\n\nAgnew was born in Baltimore to a Greek immigrant father and an American mother. He attended Johns Hopkins University and graduated from the University of Baltimore School of Law. He worked as an aide to U.S. Representative James Devereux before he was appointed to the Baltimore County Board of Zoning Appeals in 1957. In 1962, he was elected Baltimore County Executive. In 1966, Agnew was elected Governor of Maryland, defeating his Democratic opponent George P. Mahoney and independent candidate Hyman A. Pressman.\n\nAt the 1968 Republican National Convention, Richard Nixon asked Agnew to place his name in nomination, and named him as running mate. Agnew's centrist reputation interested Nixon; the law and order stance he had taken in the wake of civil unrest that year appealed to aides such as Pat Buchanan. Agnew made a number of gaffes during the campaign, but his rhetoric pleased many Republicans, and he may have made the difference in several key states. Nixon and Agnew defeated the Democratic ticket of incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey and his running mate, Senator Edmund Muskie. As vice president, Agnew was often called upon to attack the administration's enemies. In the years of his vice presidency, Agnew moved to the right, appealing to conservatives who were suspicious of moderate stances taken by Nixon. In the presidential election of 1972, Nixon and Agnew were re-elected for a second term, defeating Senator George McGovern and his running mate Sargent Shriver in one of the largest landslides in American history.\n\nIn 1973, Agnew was investigated by the United States Attorney for the District of Maryland on suspicion of criminal conspiracy, bribery, extortion and tax fraud. Agnew took kickbacks from contractors during his time as Baltimore County Executive and Governor of Maryland. The payments had continued into his time as vice president; they had nothing to do with the Watergate scandal, in which he was not implicated. After months of maintaining his innocence, Agnew pleaded no contest to a single felony charge of tax evasion and resigned from office. Nixon replaced him with House Republican leader Gerald Ford. Agnew spent the remainder of his life quietly, rarely making public appearances. He wrote a novel and a memoir; both defended his actions. Agnew died at home in 1996 at age 77 of undiagnosed acute leukemia.", "title": "Spiro Agnew" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Hillary Clinton" }, { "id": "1288238", "score": "1.7425644", "text": "1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, usually getting about 60 percent of the vote. He did not face strong opposition; Pete du Pont, then governor, chose not to run against him in 1984. Biden spent 28 years as a junior senator due to the two-year seniority of his Republican colleague William V. Roth Jr. After Roth was defeated for re-election by Tom Carper in 2000, Biden became Delaware's senior senator. He then became the longest-serving senator in Delaware history and, , was the 18th longest serving senator in the history of the United States. In May 1999, Biden became the", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": "1288287", "score": "1.7398512", "text": "assault; he also introduced Lady Gaga. On December 8, 2016, Biden went to Ottawa to meet with the Prime Minister of Canada, Justin Trudeau. During his two full terms, Joe Biden never cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate, making him the longest serving Vice President with this distinction. On May 30, 2015, Biden's son, Beau Biden, died at age 46 after having battled brain cancer for several years. In a statement, the Vice President's office said, \"The entire Biden family is saddened beyond words.\" The nature and seriousness of the illness had not been previously disclosed to the public,", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": "1288189", "score": "1.7362212", "text": "was elected class president during his junior and senior years. He graduated in 1961. He earned his BA in 1965 from the University of Delaware, with a double major in history and political science, graduating with a class rank of 506 out of 688. His classmates were impressed by his cramming abilities, and he played halfback with the Blue Hens freshman football team. In 1964, while on spring break in the Bahamas, he met and began dating Neilia Hunter, who was from an affluent background in Skaneateles, New York, and attended Syracuse University. He told her that he aimed to", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": "12518942", "score": "1.7314004", "text": "campaign finance report filed by the campaign's Treasurer Timothy Kock on January 29, 2009. Following the 2008 election, Joe Biden resigned his Senate seat to become Vice President of the United States, and the Governor of Delaware appointed Biden's chief of staff, Ted Kaufman, to serve out the first two years of Biden's six year Senate term. A special election would be held coincident with the 2010 general elections to choose who would fill the Senate seat for the remaining four years. O'Donnell quickly announced that she would be running in that election on her campaign website in December 2008,", "title": "Christine O'Donnell" }, { "id": "1288187", "score": "1.7298434", "text": "grandfather, William Biden, was born in Sussex, England, and immigrated to the United States. His maternal great-grandfather, Edward Francis Blewitt, was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate. Biden's father had been very well off earlier in his life but suffered several business reversals by the time his son was born. For several years the family had to live with Biden's maternal grandparents, the Finnegans. When the Scranton area went into economic decline during the 1950s, Biden's father could not find enough work. In 1953, the Biden family moved to an apartment in Claymont, Delaware, where they lived for a", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": "10631257", "score": "1.716202", "text": "Political positions of Joe Biden Joe Biden served as the Vice President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He served in the Senate from 1973 until 2009 and made his second run for President of the United States in the 2008 presidential election as a Democrat. Biden was announced as Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama's running mate on August 23, 2008, and was elected Vice President on November 4, 2008. Biden has supported campaign finance reform including the McCain-Feingold Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act and banning contributions of issue ads and gifts; capital punishment as his 1994 Violent Crime", "title": "Political positions of Joe Biden" }, { "id": "12648077", "score": "1.7155911", "text": "he was sworn in as Vice President on January 20, 2009. Although he was sworn in for a seventh Senate term in early January 2009, he resigned from the seat on January 15, 2009, having served just over 36 years in the body. On November 24, 2008, Delaware Gov. Ruth Ann Minner announced that Ted Kaufman would serve as Biden's appointed replacement. Kaufman was sworn in on January 16, 2009. A special election was held in November 2010, which elected Democratic candidate Chris Coons. During his abbreviated final term in the Senate, Biden went on a diplomatic fact-finding trip to", "title": "Presidential transition of Barack Obama" }, { "id": "1288263", "score": "1.714284", "text": "with the leadership of those countries. Biden became the 47th Vice President of the United States on January 20, 2009, when he was inaugurated alongside President Barack Obama. Biden is the first United States Vice President from Delaware and the first Roman Catholic to attain that office. Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens administered the oath of office to Biden. In the early months of the Obama administration, Biden assumed the role of an important behind-the-scenes counselor. One role was to adjudicate disputes between Obama's \"team of rivals\". The president compared Biden's efforts to a basketball player \"who does a", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": "12377614", "score": "1.713388", "text": "here today. ... Whoever you are, know this, if you can walk across this stage, you can do anything.\" In May 2014, she gave the commencement address and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate at Villanova University, one of her alma maters. Jill Biden Jill Tracy Biden (, previously Stevenson; born June 3, 1951) is an American educator who is married to the 47th Vice President of the United States, Joe Biden. She served as Second Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She was born in Hammonton, New Jersey, and grew up in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. She married", "title": "Jill Biden" }, { "id": "12725405", "score": "1.6993792", "text": "to become Vice President of the United States in January 2009. Prior to becoming a U.S. Senator, Kaufman had been an adviser to Biden for much of his political career. Kaufman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Helen (née Carroll), a teacher, and Manuel Kaufman, a social worker. His father was of Russian Jewish ancestry and his mother was of Irish descent. He was raised in his mother's Catholic religion. Kaufman earned a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from Duke University and a Master of Business Administration degree from the Wharton School of the University of", "title": "Ted Kaufman" }, { "id": "1288190", "score": "1.6918039", "text": "become a senator by the age of 30 and then President. He dropped a junior year plan to play for the varsity football team as a defensive back, enabling him to spend more time visiting out of state with her. He then entered Syracuse University College of Law, receiving a half scholarship based on financial need with some additional assistance based on academics. By his own description, he found law school to be \"the biggest bore in the world\" and pulled many all-nighters to get by. During his first year there, he was accused of having plagiarized 5 of 15", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": "16926248", "score": "1.6814494", "text": "re-elected to a seventh term in 2008, defeating Republican political commentator Christine O'Donnell by 65% to 35%. At the same time, he was elected Vice President of the United States and resigned his Senate seat to be sworn-in as Vice President in January 2009. Delaware Governor Ruth Ann Minner appointed Biden's longtime aide Ted Kaufman to the seat until a special election was held in November 2010. In the election, Christine O'Donnell ran again and upset U.S. Representative and former Governor Mike Castle in the Republican primary to face Democrat Chris Coons, who had run unopposed for his party's nomination.", "title": "2014 United States Senate election in Delaware" }, { "id": "1288259", "score": "1.6794574", "text": "and had a 53–46 percent edge in the nationwide popular vote. Biden had continued to run for his Senate seat as well as for Vice President, as permitted by Delaware law. On November 4, Biden was also re-elected as senator, defeating Republican Christine O'Donnell. Having won both races, Biden made a point of holding off his resignation from the Senate so that he could be sworn in for his seventh term on January 6, 2009. He became the youngest senator ever to start a seventh full term, and said, \"In all my life, the greatest honor bestowed upon me has", "title": "Joe Biden" }, { "id": "18438685", "score": "1.67856", "text": "1940s. Thomas McCreesh Thomas P. McCreesh (March 2, 1928 – February 19, 2016) was a Democratic member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, serving from 1959 to 1974. He succeeded his father in the senate upon his retirement in 1968. He was born in Philadelphia in 1928, the son of John J. and Susan (née McCabe) McCreesh. He was a real estate broker and appraiser. He attended Saint Joseph's University and, in 1950, graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in political science. In 1963, he married Rita McTamney. He also served as a page in the Pennsylvania State senate in", "title": "Thomas McCreesh" }, { "id": "12377591", "score": "1.6778148", "text": "was Vice President. She is the founder of the Biden Breast Health Initiative non-profit organization, co-founder of the Book Buddies program, co-founder of the Biden Foundation, is active in Delaware Boots on the Ground, and is co-founder of Joining Forces with Michelle Obama. Jill Tracy Jacobs was born on June 3, 1951 in Hammonton, New Jersey. Moving several times while very young, she and her four younger sisters spent the majority of their childhood in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. Her father, Donald C. Jacobs (1927–1999), was a bank teller who became head of a savings and loan in the Chestnut Hill", "title": "Jill Biden" } ]

[ "Address of Gettysburg", "lincoln s address", "Gettysberg Address", "Gettysburg adress", "Lincoln address", "Lincoln's Address", "Lincoln's address", "four score and seven years ago", "lincoln s gettysburg address", "Lincoln's Gettysburg Address", "Gettysberg address", "Gettysburg Oration", "President Lincolns Gettysburg address", "president lincolns gettysburg address", "gettysburg oration", "The Gettysburg Address", "Four score and seven years ago", "four score and seven", "gettysburg adress", "address of gettysburg", "gettysburg speech", "gettysburg address", "The gettysburg adress", "Four score and seven", "Of the people, by the people, for the people", "Gettysburg Speech", "gettysberg address", "Gettysburg Address", "lincoln address", "of people by people for people", "Gettysburg address" ]

[ { "id": "160404", "score": "1.8894114", "text": "the now iconic phrase \"Four score and seven years ago,\"‍ referring to the signing of the Declaration of Independence eighty-seven years earlier‍, Lincoln described the USA as a nation \"conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal,\" and represented the Civil War as a test that would decide whether such a nation, the Union sundered by the secession crisis, could endure. He extolled the sacrifices of those who died at Gettysburg in defense of those principles, and exhorted his listeners to resolve Despite the speech's prominent place in the history and popular culture of", "title": "Gettysburg Address" }, { "id": "434539", "score": "1.8496952", "text": "nation's founding principles. He famously expressed this belief in the opening sentence of his 1863 Gettysburg Address: \"Four score and seven years ago [i.e. in 1776] our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.\" Lincoln's view of the Declaration became influential, seeing it as a moral guide to interpreting the Constitution. \"For most people now,\" wrote Garry Wills in 1992, \"the Declaration means what Lincoln told us it means, as a way of correcting the Constitution itself without overthrowing it.\" Admirers of Lincoln such", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": "2167007", "score": "1.7075516", "text": "was heavily influenced by French philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment, such as Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu. In their often censored writings, those philosophers advocated that men were born free and equal. This later led to the French Revolution of 1789 and the concept of Human Rights (Droits de l'Homme in French). At the age of 33, Jefferson may have also borrowed the expression from an Italian friend and neighbor, Philip Mazzei, as noted by Joint Resolution 175 of the 103rd Congress as well as by John F. Kennedy in \"A Nation of Immigrants\". In 1776 the Second Continental Congress", "title": "All men are created equal" }, { "id": "2167006", "score": "1.6538527", "text": "All men are created equal The quotation \"All men are created equal\" has been called an \"immortal declaration,\" and \"perhaps [the] single phrase\" of the American Revolutionary period with the greatest \"continuing importance.\" Thomas Jefferson first used the phrase in the U.S. Declaration of Independence, which he penned in 1776 during the beginning of the American Revolution. It was thereafter quoted and incorporated into speeches by a wide array of substantial figures in American political and social life in the United States. The final form of the phrase was stylized by Benjamin Franklin. Thomas Jefferson, through his friendship with Lafayette,", "title": "All men are created equal" }, { "id": "408465", "score": "1.6443467", "text": "On July 4, 1776, the Congress ratified the Declaration, and delegates signed it on August 2; in doing so, they were committing an act of treason against the Crown. Jefferson's preamble is regarded as an enduring statement of human rights, and the phrase \"all men are created equal\" has been called \"one of the best-known sentences in the English language\" containing \"the most potent and consequential words in American history\". At the start of the Revolution, Jefferson was a Colonel and was named commander of the Albemarle County Militia on September 26, 1775. He was then elected to the Virginia", "title": "Thomas Jefferson" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Gettysburg Address\n\nThe Gettysburg Address is a speech that U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered during the American Civil War at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery, now known as Gettysburg National Cemetery, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on the afternoon of November 19, 1863, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated Confederate forces in the Battle of Gettysburg, the Civil War's deadliest battle. It remains one of the best known speeches in American history.\n\nLincoln's carefully crafted but brief address, which was not even scheduled as the day's primary speech, came to be seen as one of the greatest and most influential statements on the American national purpose. In just 271 words, beginning with the now famous phrase \"Four score and seven years ago,\"‍ referring to the signing of the Declaration of Independence 87 years earlier, Lincoln described the U.S. as a nation \"conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal,\" and represented the Civil War as a test that would determine whether such a nation could endure. Lincoln extolled the sacrifices of those who died at Gettysburg in defense of those principles, and then urged that the nation ensure:\n\nDespite the prominent place of the speech in the history and popular culture of the United States, its exact wording is disputed. The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address in Lincoln's hand differ in a number of details, and also differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech. Nor is it precisely clear where, on the grounds of the Gettysburg cemetery, Lincoln delivered the address. Modern scholarship locates the speakers' platform at least away from the traditional site in Soldiers' National Cemetery at the Soldiers' National Monument, such that it stood entirely within the private, adjacent Evergreen Cemetery. A 2022 interpretation of photographs of the day, using 3D modeling software, has argued for a slightly different locationstraddling the current fence around Evergreen Cemetery.", "title": "Gettysburg Address" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "1863 in the United States\n\nEvents from the year 1863 in the United States.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "1863 in the United States" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Alliteration\n\nAlliteration is the conspicuous repetition of initial consonant sounds of nearby words in a phrase, often used as a literary device. A familiar example is \"Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers\". Alliteration is used poetically in various languages around the world, including Arabic, Irish, German, Mongolian, Hungarian, American Sign Language, Somali, Finnish, Icelandic.", "title": "Alliteration" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Presidency of Abraham Lincoln" }, { "id": "15124908", "score": "1.6299372", "text": "all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. This has been called \"one of the best-known sentences in the English language\", containing \"the most potent and consequential words in American history\". The passage came to represent a moral standard to which the United States should strive. This view was notably promoted by Abraham Lincoln, who based his philosophy on it, and argued for the Declaration as a statement of principles through which the United States Constitution should be interpreted. Intended also", "title": "Early life and career of Thomas Jefferson" }, { "id": "2167013", "score": "1.623524", "text": "independence, written in 1945, uses the phrase \"all men are created equal\" and mentions the U.S. Declaration of Independence in it as well. The Rhodesian declaration of independence, ratified in November 1965, is based on the American one, however, it omits the phrase \"all men are created equal\", along with \"the consent of the governed\". All men are created equal The quotation \"All men are created equal\" has been called an \"immortal declaration,\" and \"perhaps [the] single phrase\" of the American Revolutionary period with the greatest \"continuing importance.\" Thomas Jefferson first used the phrase in the U.S. Declaration of Independence,", "title": "All men are created equal" }, { "id": "15371", "score": "1.6116683", "text": "was in a strong position to redefine the war effort, despite the New York City draft riots. The stage was set for his address at the Gettysburg battlefield cemetery on November 19, 1863. Defying Lincoln's prediction that \"the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here\", the Address became the most quoted speech in American history. In 272 words, and three minutes, Lincoln asserted the nation was born not in 1789, but in 1776, \"conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal\". He defined the war as an effort dedicated to", "title": "Abraham Lincoln" }, { "id": "11718447", "score": "1.6012273", "text": "would have trusted its sentiments. Obama's speech began by quoting the preamble to the United States Constitution: \"We the people, in order to form a more perfect union ...\". Noting his proximity to Independence Hall, Obama highlighted the tension between the ideals of equal citizenship and freedom expressed in the Constitution and America's history of slavery, and connected the American Civil War and civil rights movement with the goals of his own campaign, \"to continue the long march of those who came before us, a march for a more just, more equal, more free, more caring and more prosperous America.\"", "title": "A More Perfect Union (speech)" }, { "id": "2336979", "score": "1.588639", "text": "On the panel of the southwest interior wall are excerpts from the Declaration of Independence, written in 1776: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, that to secure these rights governments are instituted among men. We ... solemnly publish and declare, that these colonies are and of right ought to be free and independent states ... And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine providence,", "title": "Jefferson Memorial" }, { "id": "4259467", "score": "1.579864", "text": "in Douglas' appeal to popular sovereignty. Jaffa also believed that Lincoln challenged Douglas' argument with an Aristotelian or classical philosophical position derived from the Declaration of Independence and its contention that \"all men are created equal.\" \"A New Birth of Freedom\" was to be the first of a projected two-volume commentary on the Gettysburg Address. The first volume focuses on Lincoln's First Inaugural Address and his July 4, 1861, address to Congress. Jaffa argues that the Gettysburg Address is not a self-contained work but \"a speech within a drama. It can no more be interpreted apart from the drama than,", "title": "Harry V. Jaffa" }, { "id": "2167012", "score": "1.5773455", "text": "In 1776, abolitionist Thomas Day wrote: If there be an object truly ridiculous in nature, it is an American patriot, signing resolutions of independency with the one hand, and with the other brandishing a whip over his affrighted slaves. The phrase \"all men are created equal\" has received criticism from elitists and traditional conservatives. For instance, Richard M. Weaver writing in one of the cornerstone works of traditional conservatism, \"Ideas Have Consequences\" (1948), paraphrased a 19th-century writer in writing that \"no man was ever created free and no two men [were] ever created equal\". He continues: The Vietnamese proclamation of", "title": "All men are created equal" }, { "id": "5912543", "score": "1.576685", "text": "Dr. Lemuel Bernard, Aaron Root, Major John Fellows, Philip Callender, Capt. William Day, Deacon Ebenezer Smith, Capt. Daniel Austin, Capt. Stephen Dewey, and Theodore Sedgwick, who wrote the text. The Declaration's was that \"Mankind in a state of nature are equal, free, and independent of each other, and have a right to the undisturbed enjoyment of their lives, their liberty and property,\" These words are echoed in the most famous line of Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence three years later: \"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator", "title": "Sheffield Declaration" }, { "id": "19515457", "score": "1.5765636", "text": "seamen and stood together \"arm in arm in prayer\" as the ship went down. A 1948 postage stamp commemorated their heroism with the words: \"interfaith in action.\" In December 1952 President Dwight Eisenhower, speaking extemporaneously a month before his inauguration, said, in what may be the first direct public reference by a U.S. President to the Judeo-Christian concept: [The Founding Fathers said] 'we hold that all men are endowed by their Creator ... ' In other words, our form of government has no sense unless it is founded in a deeply felt religious faith, and I don't care what it", "title": "Judeo-Christian ethics" }, { "id": "7309080", "score": "1.5706944", "text": "dream of ending slavery, exhibited in the wartime Emancipation Proclamation, was carried out by his Republican Party, which outlawed slavery, granted blacks equality and black males voting rights via constitutional amendments. However, although the abolishment of slavery would not be challenged, equal treatment for blacks would be. The Gettysburg Address, Lincoln's most famous speech and one of the most quoted political speeches in United States history, was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on 19 November 1863, during the Civil War, four and a half months after the Battle of Gettysburg. Describing America as", "title": "History of Western civilization" }, { "id": "18621932", "score": "1.5686045", "text": "Shafer called \"the first presidential campaign speech in history\", speaking to a small crowd of supporters, and defending his record against what he deemed personal attacks. In his Fort Meigs speech, Harrison told the crowd, \"See that the Government does not acquire too much power. Keep check upon your rulers. Do this, and liberty is safe.\" Harrison had planned additional speeches, but his swing was cut short when news arrived of the death of his son Benjamin from tuberculosis. He returned home to take care of his wife, and did not make another speech until July 28. Lines had been", "title": "William Henry Harrison presidential campaign, 1840" }, { "id": "3396286", "score": "1.5659621", "text": "the platform, as drafted by the Platform Committee chaired by Judge William Jessup of Pennsylvania, was received with stormy applause and an immediate move followed to adopt the document unanimously and without amendments. An effort followed to amend the platform after adoption with insertion of famous language from the Declaration of Independence that \"All men are created equal; and they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights...\" This Amendment was initially rejected by the convention, prompting a walkout by its proposer, long time Ohio Congressman Joshua Reed Giddings. The matter was hastily reconsidered by the Convention, and with", "title": "1860 Republican National Convention" }, { "id": "160418", "score": "1.5624835", "text": "are granted by them, and are to be exercised directly on them, and for their benefit.\" Lincoln, a lawyer and President engaged in the greatest struggle of federalism, was (more eloquently) echoing the preeminent case that had solidified federal power over the States. Wills observed Lincoln's usage of the imagery of birth, life, and death in reference to a nation \"brought forth\", \"conceived\", and that shall not \"perish\". Others, including Allen C. Guelzo, the director of Civil War Era studies at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania, suggested that Lincoln's formulation \"four score and seven\" was an allusion to the King James", "title": "Gettysburg Address" }, { "id": "2167009", "score": "1.5622491", "text": "Convention on June 12, 1776, contains the wording: George Mason was an elder-planter who had originally stated John Locke's theory of natural rights: Mason's draft was accepted by a small committee and then rejected by the Virginia Convention. Thomas Jefferson, a competent Virginia lawyer, saw this as a problem in legal writing and chose words that were more acceptable to the Second Continental Congress. The Massachusetts Constitution, chiefly authored by John Adams in 1780, contains in its the wording: The plaintiffs in the cases of \"Brom and Bett v. John Ashley\" and \"Commonwealth v. Nathaniel Jennison\" argued that this provision", "title": "All men are created equal" }, { "id": "13639213", "score": "1.5604513", "text": "of 1887 and the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924. Following the 2008 presidential election, Barack Obama was sworn in as the first African-American president of the United States on January 20, 2009. In his Inaugural Address, President Obama stated \"A man whose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath ... So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled\". The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the", "title": "Human rights in the United States" } ]

[ "brown", "Orangeblacks", "Blackorange", "Brownish", "Pale Sandy Brown", "Brownness", "Orangish-black", "black oranges", "Brown (color)", "Brown (colour)", "reddish brown", "Orangish blacks", "Blackish-orange", "Orangish black", "Blackish oranges", "brownness", "black orange", "orangeish blacks", "pale sandy brown", "Brownishness", "Blackishorange", "pullman brown", "Orangeishblack", "Orangeblack", "Orangeish black", "Brown", "Brownest", "Orangishblack", "Orangeish-black", "Pullman brown", "Blackish-oranges", "blackoranges", "brown color", "orangish black", "Orangeishblacks", "dark brown", "blackish orange", "Orange-blacks", "brown colour", "orange blacks", "Pullman Brown", "Blackish orange", "Orangeish-blacks", "Reddish brown", "orangeblack", "list of terms associated with color brown", "Black orange", "orangeishblack", "Dark brown", "blackishoranges", "orangeish black", "brownishness", "brownishly", "Orange blacks", "brownish", "Brownly", "blackish oranges", "Orange black", "Light brown", "orangish blacks", "orangishblacks", "Orangish-blacks", "Blackishoranges", "brownly", "blackishorange", "blackorange", "Orangishblacks", "Orangeish blacks", "orangeblacks", "orangishblack", "light brown", "Black-oranges", "Brownishly", "Black oranges", "List of terms associated with the color brown", "orangeishblacks", "Black-orange", "Orange-black", "orange black", "brownest", "Blackoranges" ]

[ { "id": "11017179", "score": "1.6924318", "text": "the tractor and gray for the upper color. All new vehicles purchased by UPS Freight LTL come painted in these colors as the older Overnite equipment is replaced, while the new tractors for the truckload division (Former Overnite Transportation – Special Services Division) are solid white with the UPS shield on the roof fairing. UPS Freight is based in Richmond, Virginia. Prior to the buyout of Overnite, FedEx had recently purchased LTL companies American Freightways (on the east coast) and Viking Freight (on the west coast), creating FedEx Freight. UPS spokesman Norman Black told industry news outlet FleetOwner the LTL", "title": "UPS Freight" }, { "id": "1653352", "score": "1.5905714", "text": "part in the potential profitability of package delivery companies. UPS commonly refers to its ground package tractor-trailers as \"feeders\"; these vehicles are distinct from the UPS Freight fleet. In line with its delivery vehicles, nearly all UPS tractor units are painted in a Pullman brown livery. Prior to the 1990s, many tractors were of cabover configuration; as trailer-length laws were revised in the United States, the company transitioned towards the use of conventional-style semitractor. As of 2018, nearly the entire UPS semitractor fleet consists of conventional-cab trucks. In North America, UPS utilizes a fleet of trucks from several manufacturers, including", "title": "United Parcel Service" }, { "id": "1653354", "score": "1.5824759", "text": "by White Motors) for deliveries in Manhattan, NYC. There were only a few hundred of them, but they were notable for their \"spooky silence\" when running. Painted a light gray, company-owned semitrailers are distinguished by a large UPS emblem on the forward portion of the trailer sides; newer trailers are distinguished by the fitment of trailer skirts. Designed in several configurations, UPS uses several lengths of trailers (28, 45, 48, and 53 feet). Along with standard flat-bottom van trailers, there are drop-frame trailers (largely phased out of the fleet) and trailer-on-flatcar trailers (TOFC); the latter are trailers designed for transport", "title": "United Parcel Service" }, { "id": "1653356", "score": "1.5525827", "text": "territories worldwide. Based out of Louisville, Kentucky (home to Worldport, its worldwide air hub), UPS Airlines operates several major hubs throughout the United States. In addition to Worldport, the largest UPS hubs in the United States are located in Rockford, Illinois (Chicago) and Philadelphia. Outside of North America, a hub in Cologne, Germany services Europe; in Asia, UPS Airlines operates a facility in Hong Kong and two hubs in mainland China. The brown color that UPS uses on its vehicles and uniforms is called \"Pullman Brown\". Company founder James E. Casey originally wanted company vehicles to use a yellow paint", "title": "United Parcel Service" }, { "id": "1653350", "score": "1.5348786", "text": "road for internal use; package cars (repainted white) are used for various purposes (typically at large hubs); older semitractors sometimes see use as terminal tractors. UPS refers to its delivery van as a \"package car\". Several designs and sizes are used by the company, dependent on routes and package volume. The rounded-nose design of fiberglass hood of the UPS package car was patented by the company in 1965; during the 2000s, hoods with flat sides were phased in. During the 2010s, automotive-sourced composite headlight units faired into the hood began to replace the long-running round sealed-beam headlights. Morgan Olson (Grumman", "title": "United Parcel Service" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "United Parcel Service\n\nUnited Parcel Service (UPS, stylized as ups) is an American multinational shipping & receiving and supply chain management company founded in 1907. and one of the world's largest shipping couriers. UPS today is primarily known for its ground shipping services as well as the UPS Store, a retail chain which assists UPS shipments and provides tools for small businesses. In addition, UPS offers air shipping on an overnight or two-day basis and delivers to post office boxes through UPS SurePost, a subsidiary that passes on packages to the United States Postal Service for last-mile delivery.\n\nUPS is the largest courier company in the world by revenue, with annual revenues around US$85 billion in 2020, ahead of competitors DHL and FedEx. UPS' main international hub, UPS Worldport in Louisville, Kentucky, is the fifth busiest airport in the world by cargo traffic based on preliminary statistics from ACI, and the third busiest in the U.S. behind FedEx's Memphis Superhub and Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport.", "title": "United Parcel Service" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Brown\n\nBrown is a color. It can be considered a composite color, but it is mainly a darker shade of orange. In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is usually made by combining the colors orange and black. In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown combines red and green.\n\nThe color brown is seen widely in nature, wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation. Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil. According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; it is often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty. More positive associations include baking, warmth, wildlife, and the autumn.", "title": "Brown" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "TForce Freight\n\nTForce Freight, a subsidiary of TFI International, is an American less than truckload (LTL) freight carrier based in Richmond, Virginia. The company was founded in 1935 as Overnite Transportation, the name it used until 2006 when it was rebranded UPS Freight by new owner UPS. Its name changed to TForce Freight in 2021 when UPS sold the company to TFI.", "title": "TForce Freight" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Vitesse Models\n\nVitesse was founded in 1982 as a Portuguese company making diecast cars mostly in 1:43 scale. It was founded in the city of Oporto and is a brand name of Cinerius, Ltd.", "title": "Vitesse Models" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Emergency vehicle lighting\n\nEmergency vehicle lighting, also known as simply emergency lighting or emergency lights, is a type of vehicle lighting used to visually announce a vehicle's presence to other road users. A sub-type of emergency vehicle equipment, emergency vehicle lighting is generally used by emergency vehicles and other authorized vehicles in a variety of colors.\n\nEmergency vehicle lighting is often used to convey the urgency of the vehicle's journey, provide additional warning of a hazard, or, in the case of law enforcement, as a means of signaling another motorist that a traffic stop is being initiated. These lights may be dedicated emergency lights, such as a beacon or a lightbar, or modified stock lighting, such as a wig-wag or hideaway light, and are additional to any standard lighting on the car such as hazard lights. They are often used along with a siren system to increase their effectiveness and provide audible warnings alongside the visual warnings produced by the lights.\n\nIn many jurisdictions, the use of emergency lights may afford the user specific legal powers, and may place requirements on other road users to behave differently, such as compelling them to pull to the side of the road and yield right-of-way in traffic so the vehicle may proceed through unimpeded. Laws regarding and restricting the use of these lights vary widely among jurisdictions, and in some areas non-emergency vehicles such as school buses, and semi-emergency vehicles such as tow trucks, may be permitted to use similar lights.", "title": "Emergency vehicle lighting" }, { "id": "9781719", "score": "1.5191889", "text": "MD-11, and 747 fleet were converted passenger aircraft, this was done to further cover up the passenger windows. On the forward third of the fuselage above the cheatline was painted: \"\"United Parcel Service\"\". In 2003, to commemorate the official name change of United Parcel Service to UPS, the company logo was given a redesign along with a redesign of the UPS Airlines livery. With nearly the entire fuselage painted white, the brown portion of the tail was changed to sweep above the rear fuselage, coming to a point near the front of the wing; the white and brown portions of", "title": "UPS Airlines" }, { "id": "11017178", "score": "1.4968694", "text": "UPS Freight UPS Freight is the Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) trucking division of UPS. UPS acquired on August 8, 2005, Overnite Transportation Company (and its subsidiary Motor Cargo) from the Union Pacific Corporation (parent company of the Union Pacific Railroad) for $1.25 billion. On April 28, 2006, Overnite Transportation officially became UPS Ground Freight, Inc. The logos on the doors of the Overnite tractors were covered with signs showing the operator as UPS Freight. UPS Freight soon changed the color scheme of the tractors from blue and grey to UPS brown on the bottom, with a gold line near the center of", "title": "UPS Freight" }, { "id": "1653357", "score": "1.4944901", "text": "scheme, but one of his partners, Charlie Soderstrom, stated that a yellow vehicle would be hard to keep clean and that Pullman railroad cars were brown for just that reason. During the 2000s, the company used the familiarity of its color scheme in an advertising slogan: \"\"What can Brown do for you?\"\" UPS commissioned brand consultancy FutureBrand to develop its own font, \"UPS Sans\", for use in marketing and communication material. \"UPS Sans\" was created by slightly altering certain parts of FSI FontShop International's font \"FF Dax\" without permission. This has resulted in an agreement between FSI FontShop International and", "title": "United Parcel Service" }, { "id": "9781718", "score": "1.4746504", "text": "has been reduced to a secondary color on UPS Airlines aircraft. During its existence, the airline has used two liveries on its aircraft fleet. In line with the long-running UPS tradition of not displaying vehicle branding, UPS Airlines aircraft do not have any markings indicating aircraft type. From its 1988 formation to 2003, UPS Airlines used a bi-color brown and white livery on its aircraft. Most of the fuselage was painted white with the vertical stabilizer painted the same Pullman Brown as its delivery vehicles. On the centerline of the fuselage, a brown cheatline was applied; as its 727, DC-8,", "title": "UPS Airlines" }, { "id": "9781721", "score": "1.458467", "text": "from the fuselage. The UPS emblem and gold body stripe painted brighter, with the gradient shading removed from the emblem. Along with aircraft entering service, the livery was phased into the airline fleet as aircraft underwent repainting for maintenance, with Dean Baldwin Painting in Peru, Indiana (a 40-minute flight from Worldport) updating the exteriors. As a safeguard against failure of service resulting from weather, mechanical failure, or any unexpected reasons, for most of its existence, UPS Airlines operates a \"hot-spare\" contingency program. By design, the program is intended to scramble an empty UPS jet freighter, requiring it to leave for", "title": "UPS Airlines" }, { "id": "4302898", "score": "1.4475527", "text": "with extra porthole style windows. The units were painted in Union Pacific's Armour Yellow with Leaf Brown roofs and undersides, the same colors as UP's previous streamliners (the M-10000 etc.). Color photographs indicate that UP modified their color scheme with slate gray roofs around mid-1941. There was extensive stainless steel on the noses, upon which were displayed the owning railroads' heralds in color. The bulbous nose and stainless steel ornamentation of the E2 evoked the nose design of the UP's M-10003 to M-10006 streamliner locomotives, which were also bulbous, featuring a large stainless steel grille and pilot ornamentation. UP's advertising", "title": "EMC E2" }, { "id": "1653353", "score": "1.4336243", "text": "Mack Trucks (Pinnacle and Vision) and Navistar (International ProStar+ and 9900i), along with PACCAR vehicles (Kenworth T800, T660 and T680). Older vehicles in the fleet include Ford/Sterling tractors (Aeromax/A-Line), Freightliner (Argosy, the final cabover truck used by UPS); Mack CH and International 8100 tractors are in the process of being phased out. Previous trucks used by UPS include the Ford L9000, Ford Aeromax, International 8100/8200, International 9670, GMC Astro, Peterbilt 362, Ford L9000, Ford Aeromax, WhiteGMC High Cabover/Road Commander II, Mack CH, Mack MH UltraLiner, Mack F, and Diamond T/Diamond Reo cabovers. At one time, UPS used electric-powered trucks (made", "title": "United Parcel Service" }, { "id": "1431505", "score": "1.4244728", "text": "in the same basic black color scheme as the earlier freight locomotives. The grey passenger cars were repainted in the yellow scheme. Until 2017, UP operated a (relatively) large number of locomotives still in the former railroads' paint. In addition, many locomotives were \"patched\" and renumbered by UP, varying in the degree of the previous railroads' logos being eradicated, but always with a yellow patch applied over the locomotive's former number and a new UP number applied on the cab. This allowed UP to number locomotives into its roster without spending the time and money necessary to perform a complete", "title": "Union Pacific Railroad" }, { "id": "1431508", "score": "1.410911", "text": "ES44AC locomotive commemorating the centennial of the Boy Scouts of America. Although it retains the standard Armour Yellow and Harbor Mist colors, the unit has a large BSA 2010 logo on each side of the long hood, and the scouting logo low on the side of the cab. On September 28, 2010, UP dedicated a specially painted GE ES44AC locomotive, as a tribute to Susan G. Komen for the Cure. The unit is standard UP Armour Yellow and Harbor Mist colors, but has a large pink ribbon, the symbol for breast cancer awareness, on each side of the long hood.", "title": "Union Pacific Railroad" }, { "id": "1431501", "score": "1.3929915", "text": "roof above that point. \"Signal Red\" is also painted at the bottom of the locomotive body, but this color has gradually become yellow as new Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) regulations for reflectorized tape came into effect in 2005; the trucks, underframe, fuel tanks and everything else beneath that line are also \"Harbor Mist Gray\". The trucks at one point were painted in an aluminum color, though due to high costs and high maintenance, this was also changed to harbor mist gray, right after the merger with WP and MP. Lettering and numbering are in \"Signal Red\", with black outlines. Some", "title": "Union Pacific Railroad" }, { "id": "9781720", "score": "1.3705744", "text": "the fuselage were separated by a gold stripe. In place of the \"\"United Parcel Service\"\" was painted in two lines\": \"Worldwide Services: Synchronizing the world of commerce\".\" The only aircraft in the UPS Airlines fleet that did not adopt the \"Worldwide Services\" livery were the Boeing 747-100, Boeing 747-200, along with the majority of the Boeing 727 fleet, as these aircraft were in the process of being phased out in the mid-2000s. In 2014, in line with UPS delivery vehicles, UPS Airlines phased in a revised version of its \"\"Worldwide Services\"\" livery, removing the \"\"Synchronizing the world of commerce\"\" phrase", "title": "UPS Airlines" }, { "id": "7601598", "score": "1.3698627", "text": "highway safety by determining the vehicle color that would be the most visible on the nation's highways. After the review was completed, it was determined that the color of the Swamp Holly Orange would be most visible from the greatest distance. Swamp Holly Orange became the color used on all company tractors. YRC Worldwide YRC Worldwide Inc. is an American holding company of freight shipping brands YRC Freight, YRC Reimer, New Penn, Holland and Reddaway. YRC Worldwide has a comprehensive network in North America, and offers shipping of industrial, commercial and retail goods. The company is headquartered in Overland Park,", "title": "YRC Worldwide" }, { "id": "832088", "score": "1.3638594", "text": "right-pointing arrow in the negative space between the \"E\" and the \"X\", which was achieved by designing a proprietary font, based on Univers and Futura, to emphasize the arrow shape. In August 2016, FedEx announced that all operating units will switch over to the purple and orange color logo over the next 5 years. FedEx SameDay City allows a between: Standard, providing pickup by noon and delivery by the end of the day, or Priority, providing delivery within 2 hours. FedEx SameDay City is currently expanding in all major cities across the country and is planning on becoming its own", "title": "FedEx" }, { "id": "6294577", "score": "1.3467296", "text": "front end. An employee riding in the nose section was killed in the accident, as was the driver of the dump truck. After the damage was repaired, a winged UP shield logo was applied to the front. The locomotive was also repainted in the current Lightning Bolt paint scheme and had a rooftop air conditioning unit installed. In 2007, the locomotive collided with another UP train near DuPont, Washington. There were no injuries. Union Pacific 6936 Union Pacific 6936 is an EMD DDA40X locomotive owned by Union Pacific Railroad (UP). It is the sole example of the \"Centennial\" type that", "title": "Union Pacific 6936" }, { "id": "1653349", "score": "1.3409885", "text": "vehicle enters service (whenever possible). The typical lifespan of a UPS ground vehicle is 20–25 years (or more), lasting until the structural integrity is compromised. The company does not re-sell any of its ground vehicles, so retired vehicles are almost always stripped of reusable parts before being sent to be crushed/broken up. Prior to scrapping, UPS trucks and trailers have all company branding painted over and are assigned an ADA (Automotive Destruction Authorization) number and must be crushed under supervision of UPS Automotive personnel, which records the vehicle's destruction. The only exception to this policy are vehicles taken off the", "title": "United Parcel Service" } ]

[ "", "one hundred and one", "101" ]

[ { "id": "3678876", "score": "1.5896461", "text": "in Spokane at Joe Albi Stadium (Memorial Stadium until 1962). The Cougars won three of these fifteen games (1958, 1968, 1972). In 1910, the WSU home game in Spokane was played at Recreation Park The first game in 1900 resulted in a 5–5 tie. The series has been played continuously since 1945, when there were two games, one in Seattle and one in Pullman. Overtime was introduced for Division I-A (FBS) in 1996 and has been used four times in the Apple Cup, all in Pullman.Each team has two overtime victories: UW in 1996 and 2002, WSU in 2008 and", "title": "Apple Cup" }, { "id": "11267709", "score": "1.5722215", "text": "women's basketball, WSU leads at ; the most recent meeting was in December 2008, a Cougar win in Moscow. In soccer, Idaho began its program in 1998 and the teams first met in 1999. They have played twelve times, most recently in 2015, and the Cougars have won eleven straight; the sole Vandal victory came In volleyball, Washington State leads the series through 2017. The series started in 1976, and they often met multiple times per season in the first decade. In recent years, the series has been played as part of invitational tournaments hosted by the schools: Since 2000,", "title": "Battle of the Palouse" }, { "id": "4673918", "score": "1.5279148", "text": "program had rejoined in 2014. Washington State and Idaho renewed their dormant football rivalry in 1998, and matched up annually in the Battle of the Palouse for a decade. The game was played at Martin Stadium in September, although the 2003 game was curiously played far from the Palouse, west at year-old Seahawks Stadium, now known as CenturyLink Field, in Seattle. After a ten-year renewal, the Vandal head coach Robb Akey, a former WSU defensive coordinator, stated that he preferred the game not be played every year. The regular series ceased again after 2007; they met in 2013 and 2016,", "title": "Martin Stadium" }, { "id": "12602988", "score": "1.5036983", "text": "mid-season in October, alternating between Roos Field and Washington–Grizzly Stadium. In the 1980s and from 1998 to 2002, EWU hosted the Montana game at Spokane's Joe Albi Stadium. Montana leads in the overall rivalry with 27 wins, 17 losses, and a tie. The first seven meetings were held before 1951; Montana was a member of the Pacific Coast Conference through the 1949 season. Of the first seven games, two were played in eastern Washington, both at night: the 1947 game was in Spokane at Gonzaga Stadium, which was soon deemed unsafe, and the 1950 game was in Cheney. The 1948", "title": "EWU–UM Governors Cup" }, { "id": "436114", "score": "1.5003092", "text": "teams were unbeaten in 64 consecutive games, an NCAA record. Tailgating by boat has been a Husky Stadium tradition since 1920 when the stadium was first built on the shores of Lake Washington. The Apple Cup game is an annual game against cross-state rival Washington State University that was first contested in 1900 with UW leading the all-time series, 65 wins to 31 losses and 6 ties. College Football Hall of Fame member Don James is a former head coach. The men's basketball team has been moderately successful, though recently the team has enjoyed a resurgence under coach Lorenzo Romar.", "title": "University of Washington" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Martin Stadium\n\nMartin Stadium is an outdoor athletic stadium in the northwest United States, on the campus of Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. It is the home field of the Washington State Cougars of the Pac-12 Conference.\n\nIts full name is Gesa Field at Martin Stadium due to Richland-based Gesa Credit Union signing a 10-year sponsorship deal in 2021 for the playing surface; it has used artificial turf since its inception in 1972, with infilled FieldTurf used since 2000.", "title": "Martin Stadium" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Washington Huskies football\n\nThe Washington Huskies football team represents the University of Washington in college football. Washington competes in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Husky Stadium, located on campus, has served as the home field for Washington since 1920.\n\nWashington has won 17 conference championships, seven Rose Bowls, and claims two national championships recognized by NCAA-designated major selectors. Of these however, Washington's only consensus national championship was in 1991, when the team finished No. 1 in the Coaches' Poll.\nThe school's all-time record ranks 20th by win percentage and 19th by total victories among FBS schools as of 2018.<ref name=\"ncaa-rec-book\"/> Washington holds the FBS record for the longest unbeaten streak at 64 consecutive games, as well as the second-longest winning streak at 40 wins in a row.<ref name=\"ncaa-rec-book\"/> There have been a total of 12 unbeaten seasons in school history, including seven perfect seasons.<ref name=\"ncaa-rec-book\"/>\n\nWashington is one of four charter members of what became the Pac-12 Conference and, along with California, is one of only two schools with uninterrupted membership. From 1977 through 2003, Washington had 27 consecutive non-losing seasons—the most of any team in the Pac-12 and the 14th longest streak by an NCAA Division I-A team.<ref name=\"ncaa-rec-book\"/> Through the 2017 season, its 390 conference victories rank second in conference history.<ref name=\"PacHistory\"/>\n\nWashington is often referred to as one of the top Quarterback U's due to the long history of quarterbacks playing in the National Football League (NFL), including the second-most QB starts in NFL history. Dating back to Warren Moon in 1976, 14 of the last 19 quarterbacks who have led the team in passing for at least one season have gone on to play in the NFL.", "title": "Washington Huskies football" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Oregon–Washington football rivalry\n\nThe Oregon–Washington football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Oregon Ducks and Washington Huskies of the Pac-12 Conference. The respective campuses in Eugene and Seattle are apart, via Interstate 5.\n\nIt is one of the most played rivalries in NCAA Division I FBS history, and has been played regularly ", "title": "Oregon–Washington football rivalry" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Battle of the Palouse\n\nThe Battle of the Palouse refers to an athletic rivalry in the northwest United States, between the Vandals of the University of Idaho and Cougars of Washington State University.\n\nThe two land-grant universities are less than apart on the rural Palouse in the Inland Northwest; Idaho's campus in Moscow is nearly on the Idaho–Washington border, and Washington State's campus is directly west in Pullman, linked by Washington State Route 270 and the Bill Chipman Palouse Trail. The two schools' most prominent rivalry was in football, but in later years it has shifted to men's basketball.", "title": "Battle of the Palouse" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "University of Washington\n\nThe University of Washington (UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington.\n\nFounded in 1861, Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast; it was established in Seattle approximately a decade after the city's founding. The university has a 703 acre main campus located in the city's University District, as well as campuses in Tacoma and Bothell. Overall, UW encompasses over 500 buildings and over 20 million gross square footage of space, including one of the largest library systems in the world with more than 26 university libraries, art centers, museums, laboratories, lecture halls, and stadiums. The university offers degrees through 140 departments, and functions on a quarter system.\n\nWashington is the flagship institution of the six public universities in Washington state. It is known for its medical, engineering, and scientific research. Washington is a member of the Association of American Universities. According to the National Science Foundation, UW spent $1.41 billion on research and development in 2018, ranking it 5th in the nation. The university has been affiliated with many notable alumni and faculty, including 21 Nobel Prize laureates and numerous Pulitzer Prize winners, Fulbright Scholars, Rhodes Scholars and Marshall Scholars, as well as members of other distinguished institutions. \n\nAdditionally, Washington continues to benefit from its deep historic ties and major collaborations with numerous technology giants in the region, such as Amazon, Boeing, Nintendo, and particularly Microsoft. Paul G. Allen, Bill Gates and others spent significant time at Washington computer labs for a startup venture before founding Microsoft and other ventures.\n\nWashington's 22 varsity sports teams are also highly competitive, competing as the Huskies in the Pac-12 Conference of the NCAA Division I, representing the United States at the Olympic Games, and other major competitions.", "title": "University of Washington" }, { "id": "1750864", "score": "1.4777107", "text": "a fellow land-grant school only east of Pullman across the state line in Moscow. Conference rivals until 1959, their rivalry football game, the \"Battle of the Palouse\", was played on an annual basis from 1901 until 1978 when the NCAA Division I split. After Idaho returned to Division I-A, a renewed series lasted a decade, from 1998 until 2007. The renewed series was dropped from the schedule due to the Cougars' continued dominance of the Vandals in the series, and each school's ability to generate more revenue by playing other opponents. Vandal head coach Robb Akey, a former WSU defensive", "title": "Washington State University" }, { "id": "1659076", "score": "1.4737332", "text": "2010 that would be a fundraiser for Seattle Children's Hospital. Lower division NCAA teams have played at the stadium throughout the years. From 2003 to 2008, the Division II football teams from Western Washington University and Central Washington University met each year in a rivalry game called \"The Battle in Seattle\". Central won all but the 2004 game, and each meeting attracted more than 11,000 people. Western discontinued its football program after the 2008 season, but Central came to an agreement to continue the series with Western Oregon University for games in 2009 and 2010. \"Battle in Seattle VII\" saw", "title": "CenturyLink Field" }, { "id": "11267703", "score": "1.4706119", "text": "the first in the rivalry played on AstroTurf, which was new to Joe Albi that season. In 1978, the NCAA split Division I football in two: I-A (now FBS) and I-AA (now FCS). Washington State was in Division I-A as part of the Pac-10 Conference and Idaho downgraded to I-AA as part of the Big Sky Conference, whose other football members moved up from Division II. In the late 1970s, I-A football programs were allowed 50% more scholarships and twice as many assistant coaches as I-AA teams. During the years they were in different divisions, the schools met only twice", "title": "Battle of the Palouse" }, { "id": "17145498", "score": "1.4680295", "text": "have only played once on September 20, 1980, and the Cougars won 3–28 in Madison. Wisconsin started the game with the ball. The Badgers put together an 11–play drive that ended with Wisconsin striking first with a 4-yard touchdown run by RB James White. The next two drives (one by each team) would all result in three–and–outs. The Badgers would get the ball back after an interception by quarterback turned safety Tanner McEvoy. BYU would take over after a catch and fumble by WR Kenzel Doe. BYU then put together their own nice 13–play drive but they would have to", "title": "2013 Wisconsin Badgers football team" }, { "id": "11267704", "score": "1.464289", "text": "(1982 in Spokane and 1989 in Pullman). In 1996, Idaho moved back up to Division I-A in the Big West Conference, and Idaho and WSU rekindled their century-old rivalry. Since the rivalry was reinstated in 1998, every game has been played at Martin Stadium in Pullman, except for the matchup in 2003, which was played at Seattle's Seahawks Stadium. The last game played on the Idaho side of the border was in 1966, a come-from-behind Cougar victory on a very muddy field to prevent a Vandal three-peat. After ten years of the renewed rivalry, Vandal head coach Robb Akey, previously", "title": "Battle of the Palouse" }, { "id": "6716383", "score": "1.4592206", "text": "of November. As the two main public universities in the state, WSU and UW have a geographic rivalry. Rivalries also exist between WSU and the other Pac-12 teams of the Pacific Northwest: the Oregon Ducks and Oregon State Beavers. Competition between the schools in football has been very competitive over the years, as the Cougars hold a 47-44-3 advantage in the series against OSU and trail UO by a tally of 38-42-7. WSU’s closest geographic rival is the University of Idaho, another land-grant school only eight miles (13 km) east in Moscow. The Battle of the Palouse, the annual football", "title": "Washington State Cougars" }, { "id": "8411312", "score": "1.458619", "text": "his team participated in. Updated on: December 30, 2017 The UW-U of M series is the nation’s most-played rivalry in Division I football and has been played continuously since 1907. Much prestige was always associated with the game, and the significance was emphasized with its place on the schedule. Between 1933 and 1982, the Wisconsin-Minnesota game was always the final regular-season contest for each school. The series took an added twist in 1948 when more than state bragging rights were on the line. After a 16-0 setback that season, the Wisconsin lettermen's group, the National 'W' Club, presented Minnesota with", "title": "Wisconsin Badgers football" }, { "id": "1659077", "score": "1.4483962", "text": "Central make a comeback to win 23–21 in front of 5,374. On October 31, 2009, the Division I FCS Eastern Washington University Eagles played a home game in Seattle for the first time. Along with the goal of drawing alumni from the metropolitan area, the athletic directors from both Eastern Washington and Washington State had expressed the importance of connecting with alumni at receptions and other events on the western side of the state. Billed as the \"Showdown on the Sound\", the game was a 47–10 victory over the Portland State Vikings. According to Eastern's athletic director, Qwest Field's rental", "title": "CenturyLink Field" }, { "id": "11267706", "score": "1.4459833", "text": "FCS and the Big Sky in 2018. Since 1919 Although the Battle of the Palouse in football waned by the 1980s, Idaho and Washington State men's basketball teams have played each other annually since 1906 in a series that continues. From 1922 through the season, both were members of the Pacific Coast Conference, and both were independents for the next several years after it disbanded. Four games per season were played in these years, sometimes five; during the Gus Johnson season of 1962–63, Idaho won four of five. Washington State has a lead in the series through the December 2018", "title": "Battle of the Palouse" }, { "id": "10871161", "score": "1.4449991", "text": "in front of 15,100 fans. UNA and the University of West Alabama (UWA) first played in 1949 and have played every year since. UNA leads the series 52–18–1. UWA won the first two meetings in 1949 (14–13) and 1950 (19–0), but UNA followed that with a thirteen-game winning streak (1951–1963). The longest winning streak in the series is held by UNA at fourteen games (1988–2001). The current winning streak is held by UWA at one game. The most recent match-up was played on September 23, 2017 resulting in a 38–17 victory for UWA. Unfortunately, the 2017 meeting was likely the", "title": "North Alabama Lions football" }, { "id": "10829387", "score": "1.4431834", "text": "road win before 16,500. The 1966 game was the last UI-WSU contest in Neale Stadium and the last in the state of Idaho. All 24 games with WSU since 1967 have been played in Washington, with twenty in Pullman, three in Spokane, and one in Seattle. The wooden grandstands of Neale Stadium were condemned for safety reasons during the summer of 1969, due to soil erosion underneath the Idaho used WSU's Rogers Field, in nearby Pullman, Washington, for their limited home schedule in 1969 (three Palouse home games), and was planning to do the same in 1970, with four home", "title": "Neale Stadium" }, { "id": "9072982", "score": "1.4393702", "text": "games). During the ten-game schedules of the late 1960s, the WSU football team split its usual allotment of four home games equally between Spokane and Pullman (two games each). A suspicious fire in 1970 significantly damaged the south grandstand and press box of Rogers Field late on Saturday, April 4, the first day of spring break. A definitive cause of the blaze was not determined, but was widely believed to have been arson. A track & field meet with Oregon State had been held at the stadium earlier in the day. Idaho's idle (and condemned) Neale Stadium had burned less", "title": "Rogers Field (Washington)" }, { "id": "11191234", "score": "1.4387764", "text": "State has a lead in the series against the Bulldogs; the series began in 1907 and has most recently been played annually since 2001. The game in December 2007 marked the first time the two met as ranked teams. Visiting Washington State was ranked #6 in the AP Poll and won over #19 Gonzaga at the McCarthey Athletic Center. A non-conference series since 1959, Washington State has played the Idaho Vandals of neighboring Moscow annually since 1906 in a rivalry dubbed the Battle of the Palouse; the U of I is less than east of Pullman. They often met four", "title": "Washington State Cougars men's basketball" }, { "id": "11267702", "score": "1.4375367", "text": "from Washington State College made the trek east from Pullman to Moscow after the Cougars lost to Idaho for the first time in 29 years. In a span of less than five months, from November 1969 to April 1970, both schools' aged wooden stadiums (Idaho's Neale Stadium and WSU's Rogers Field) burned down due to suspected arson. The WSU–Idaho game in 1970 was dubbed the Displaced Bowl, which was held in Joe Albi Stadium in Spokane on September 19. The Cougars won the game (their only win that season), as well as the next ten against the Vandals. This was", "title": "Battle of the Palouse" }, { "id": "8270192", "score": "1.4323164", "text": "was the first football contest between the two schools. During the 1991 season, both teams finished the year with identical 12–0 records and both teams were crowned National Champions by different polls. The teams were unable to settle the championship on the field, as both teams were locked into their respective bowl games (Washington in the Rose and Miami in the Orange). As a result, both schools agreed to schedule the other for a series of games. Entering the game, Miami had an NCAA record home winning streak of 58 games and was ranked 5th in the nation with a", "title": "Washington Huskies football" } ]

[ "Neptune the blue ocean planet", "magnetosphere of neptune", "astronomy neptune", "Le Verrier's planet", "neptune s", "neptune planet", "Planet Neptune", "The planet exterior to Uranus", "planet exterior to uranus", "Neptune (planet)", "sol iix", "neptuno planet", "Sol 8", "Astronomy Neptune", "Neptunus (planet)", "le verrier s planet", "Neptuno (planet)", "Neptune's weather", "neptune astronomy", "atmosphere of neptune", "Neptune planet", "Neptune's", "Magnetosphere of Neptune", "neptune s atmosphere", "sol viii", "The Scooter (Neptune)", "Sol IIX", "planet neptune", "Neptune (Planet)", "Atmosphere of Neptune", "Weather of Neptune", "neptune s weather", "Neptune (astronomy)", "neptune", "neptunus planet", "Eighth planet", "8th planet", "♆", "Neptune's Atmosphere", "weather of neptune", "sun i", "Sun i", "sol 8", "Sol VIII", "eighth planet", "neptune blue ocean planet", "scooter neptune", "Sol-8", "Neptune's atmosphere", "Neptune" ]

[ { "id": "370817", "score": "1.4490333", "text": "the orbit of the next nearer object to the Sun. For example, Venus is approximately 0.33 AU farther out from the Sun than Mercury, whereas Saturn is 4.3 AU out from Jupiter, and Neptune lies 10.5 AU out from Uranus. Attempts have been made to determine a relationship between these orbital distances (for example, the Titius–Bode law), but no such theory has been accepted. The images at the beginning of this section show the orbits of the various constituents of the Solar System on different scales. Some Solar System models attempt to convey the relative scales involved in the Solar", "title": "Solar System" }, { "id": "12090738", "score": "1.4420205", "text": "40307 than is the planet Mercury is to the Sun. The outermost planet orbits at a distance similar to the distance of Venus to the Sun and is situated well in the system's liquid water habitable zone. The minimum masses of the planets in the system ranges from three to ten times the mass of the Earth, placing them somewhere between Earth and gas giants like Uranus and Neptune. Dynamical analysis of the innermost planets suggests that planet b is unstable at its age unless it is an ice giant, having migrated from further away. That implies similar for the", "title": "HD 40307" }, { "id": "20598293", "score": "1.422023", "text": "It is by far the most distant and eccentric known asteroid orbiting the Sun, varying in its distance from the Sun over its orbit by 99.89% from slightly within the orbit of Jupiter, to more than 7,000 times Earth's distance to the Sun. While its orbit extends to the inner Oort cloud, it may not be a member of it, as it approaches very near to Saturn, implying Saturn has either captured a past Oort Cloud object onto this orbit, or it was a centaur ejected by Saturn from a much smaller orbit. However, it would be impossible to project", "title": "2017 MB7" }, { "id": "370858", "score": "1.4219594", "text": "about 4.4 light-years away. Alpha Centauri A and B are a closely tied pair of Sun-like stars, whereas the small red dwarf, Proxima Centauri, orbits the pair at a distance of 0.2 light-year. In 2016, a potentially habitable exoplanet was confirmed to be orbiting Proxima Centauri, called Proxima Centauri b, the closest confirmed exoplanet to the Sun. The stars next closest to the Sun are the red dwarfs Barnard's Star (at 5.9 ly), Wolf 359 (7.8 ly), and Lalande 21185 (8.3 ly). The largest nearby star is Sirius, a bright main-sequence star roughly 8.6 light-years away and roughly twice the", "title": "Solar System" }, { "id": "20948661", "score": "1.4207528", "text": "closest is in an equivalent orbit to Mercury, whilst the furthest has an orbit three times that of Neptune. The two outer planets are similar masses to the sun. She demonstrated that proximity to nearby stars impacts the lifetime of protoplanetary discs. She serves as editor of the Elsevier Journal, \"New Astronomy Reviews\". She is a member of the International Astronomical Union. Clarke's other research interests include self-gravity in disc evolution and formation of brown dwarfs in unstable multiple systems. In 2017, Clarke was awarded the Eddington Medal by the Royal Astronomical Society; she is the first woman to win", "title": "Cathie Clarke" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun\n\nThese Solar System minor planets are the furthest from the Sun . The objects have been categorized by their approximate current distance from the Sun, and not by the calculated aphelion of their orbit. The list changes over time because the objects are moving. Some objects are inbound and some are outbound. It would be difficult to detect long-distance comets if it were not for their comas, which become visible when heated by the Sun. Distances are measured in astronomical units (AU, Sun–Earth distances). The distances are not the minimum (perihelion) or the maximum (aphelion) that may be achieved by these objects in the future.\n\nThis list does not include near-parabolic comets of which many are known to be currently more than from the Sun, but are currently too far away to be observed by telescope. Trans-Neptunian objects are typically announced publicly months or years after their discovery, so as to make sure the orbit is correct before announcing it. Due to their greater distance from the Sun and slow movement across the sky, trans-Neptunian objects with observation arcs less than several years often have poorly constrained orbits. Particularly distant objects take several years of observations to establish a crude orbit solution before being announced. For instance, the most distant known trans-Neptunian object was discovered by Scott Sheppard in January 2018 but was announced three years later in February 2021.", "title": "List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Earth's orbit\n\nEarth orbits the Sun at an average distance of 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi) in a counterclockwise direction as viewed from above the Northern Hemisphere. One complete orbit takes  days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi). Ignoring the influence of other Solar System bodies, Earth's orbit is an ellipse with the Earth-Sun barycenter as one focus and a current eccentricity of 0.0167. Since this value is close to zero, the center of the orbit is relatively close to the center of the Sun (relative to the size of the orbit).\n\nAs seen from Earth, the planet's orbital prograde motion makes the Sun appear to move with respect to other stars at a rate of about 1° eastward per solar day (or a Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours). Earth's orbital speed averages 29.78 km/s (107,208 km/h; 66,616 mph), which is fast enough to cover the planet's diameter in 7 minutes and the distance to the Moon in 4 hours.\n\nFrom a vantage point above the north pole of either the Sun or Earth, Earth would appear to revolve in a counterclockwise direction around the Sun. From the same vantage point, both the Earth and the Sun would appear to rotate also in a counterclockwise direction about their respective axes.", "title": "Earth's orbit" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Apsis\n\nAn apsis (; ) is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body. For example, the apsides of the Sun are called the aphelion and perihelion.", "title": "Apsis" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Elongation (astronomy)\n\nIn astronomy, a planet's elongation is the angular separation between the Sun and the planet, with Earth as the reference point. The greatest elongation of a given inferior planet occurs when this planet's position, in its orbital path around the Sun, is at tangent to the observer on Earth. Since an inferior planet is well within the area of Earth's orbit around the Sun, observation of its elongation should not pose that much a challenge (compared to deep-sky objects, for example). When a planet is at its greatest elongation, it appears farthest from the Sun as viewed from Earth, so its apparition is also best at that point.\n\nWhen an inferior planet is visible after sunset, it is near its greatest eastern elongation. When an inferior planet is visible before sunrise, it is near its greatest western elongation. The angle of the maximum elongation (east or west) for Mercury is between 18° and 28°, while that for Venus is between 45° and 47°. These values vary because the planetary orbits are elliptical rather than perfectly circular. Another factor contributing to this inconsistency is orbital inclination, in which each planet's orbital plane is slightly tilted relative to a reference plane, like the ecliptic and invariable planes.\n\nAstronomical tables and websites, such as Heavens-Above, forecast when and where the planets reach their next maximum elongations.", "title": "Elongation (astronomy)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Trans-Neptunian object\n\nA trans-Neptunian object (TNO), also written transneptunian object, is any minor planet in the Solar System that orbits the Sun at a greater average distance than Neptune, which has a semi-major axis of 30.1 astronomical units (au).\n\nTypically, TNOs are further divided into the classical and resonant objects of the Kuiper belt, the scattered disc and detached objects with the sednoids being the most distant ones. As of October 2020, the catalog of minor planets contains 678 numbered and more than 2,000 unnumbered TNOs.<ref name=\"MPC-List-TNOs\"/><ref name=\"MPC-List-Cen-and-SDO\"/><ref name=\"TNO-list-Johnstons\"/><ref name=\"JPL-TNO-query-I\"/><ref name=\"JPL-TNO-query-II\"/>\n\nThe first trans-Neptunian object to be discovered was Pluto in 1930. It took until 1992 to discover a second trans-Neptunian object orbiting the Sun directly, 15760 Albion. The most massive TNO known is Eris, followed by Pluto, , , and . More than 80 satellites have been discovered in orbit of trans-Neptunian objects. TNOs vary in color and are either grey-blue (BB) or very red (RR). They are thought to be composed of mixtures of rock, amorphous carbon and volatile ices such as water and methane, coated with tholins and other organic compounds.\n\nTwelve minor planets with a semi-major axis greater than 150 au and perihelion greater than 30 au are known, which are called extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs).", "title": "Trans-Neptunian object" }, { "id": "361684", "score": "1.4047468", "text": "travels relative to other nearby stars. This motion is towards a point in the constellation Hercules, near the star Vega. Of the 50 nearest stellar systems within 17 light-years from Earth (the closest being the red dwarf Proxima Centauri at approximately 4.2 light-years), the Sun ranks fourth in mass. The Sun orbits the center of the Milky Way, and it is presently moving in the direction of the constellation of Cygnus. A simple model of the motion of a star in the galaxy gives the galactic coordinates , , and as: where , , and are the respective velocities with", "title": "Sun" }, { "id": "449575", "score": "1.4019283", "text": "varying from crescent to gibbous to full and vice versa. When Venus is furthest from the Sun in the sky, it shows a half-lit phase, and when it is closest to the Sun in the sky, it shows as a crescent or full phase. This could be possible only if Venus orbited the Sun, and this was among the first observations to clearly contradict the Ptolemaic geocentric model that the Solar System was concentric and centred on Earth. The 1639 transit of Venus was accurately predicted by Jeremiah Horrocks and observed by him and his friend, William Crabtree, at each", "title": "Venus" }, { "id": "19622556", "score": "1.4011831", "text": "orbit is at 30 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.58 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic. \" is among the most distant known Solar System objects. As of 2018, it is 63 AU from the Sun. It will make its closest approach to the Sun in 2093, when it will reach an apparent magnitude of 21.2. Additional precovery astrometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Pan-STARRS1 survey shows that \"\" is a resonant trans-Neptunian object, securely trapped in a 2:9 mean motion resonance with Neptune, meaning that this minor planet orbits the", "title": "(523794) 2015 RR245" }, { "id": "10121587", "score": "1.4007204", "text": "July 2015, Astronomy & Astrophysics said they found a planetary system with three super-Earths orbiting a bright, dwarf star. The four-planet system, dubbed HD 219134, had been found 21 light years from Earth in the M-shaped northern hemisphere of constellation Cassiopeia, but it is not in the habitable zone of its star. The planet with the shortest orbit is HD 219134 b, and is Earth's closest known rocky, and transiting, exoplanet. In February 2016, it was announced that NASA Hubble Space Telescope had detected hydrogen and helium (and suggestions of hydrogen cyanide), but no water vapor, in the atmosphere of", "title": "Super-Earth" }, { "id": "14051365", "score": "1.4002438", "text": "0.995 AU (or 700,000 km) closer to the star than Earth to the Sun, but its orbital eccentricity is much higher compared to Earth. At periastron, the planet’s closest distance to the star is 0.708 AU, which is slightly closer to the star than Venus to the Sun. At apastron, the planet’s farthest distance to the star is 1.283 AU, which is more than halfway between the orbits of Earth and Mars. 30 Arietis Bb 30 Arietis Bb (sometimes abbreviated 30 Ari Bb) is an extrasolar planet which orbits the F-type main sequence star 30 Arietis B, located in a", "title": "30 Arietis Bb" }, { "id": "2991259", "score": "1.3921399", "text": "arcminutes across, but it would never be fainter than first magnitude, and at its closest would rival Canopus. A trans-Neptunian object is any minor planet in the Solar System that orbits the Sun at a greater average distance (semi-major axis) than Neptune, 30 astronomical units (AU). Pluto, accompanied by its largest moon Charon, orbits the Sun at a distance usually outside the orbit of Neptune except for a twenty-year period in each orbit. From Pluto, the Sun is point-like to human eyes, but still very bright, giving roughly 150 to 450 times the light of the full Moon from Earth", "title": "Extraterrestrial skies" }, { "id": "370853", "score": "1.3904567", "text": "unmapped. There are also ongoing studies of the region between Mercury and the Sun. Objects may yet be discovered in the Solar System's uncharted regions. Currently, the furthest known objects, such as Comet West, have aphelia around 70,000 AU from the Sun, but as the Oort cloud becomes better known, this may change. The Solar System is located in the Milky Way, a barred spiral galaxy with a diameter of about 100,000 light-years containing about 100 billion stars. The Sun resides in one of the Milky Way's outer spiral arms, known as the Orion–Cygnus Arm or Local Spur. The Sun", "title": "Solar System" }, { "id": "19281763", "score": "1.3895333", "text": "close as to the Sun at its perihelion and take it as far away as at its aphelion. The aphelion, or farthest point from the Sun, would be in the general direction of the constellation of Taurus, whereas the perihelion, the nearest point to the Sun, would be in the general direction of the southerly areas of Serpens (Caput), Ophiuchus, and Libra. Brown thinks that if Planet Nine is confirmed to exist, a probe could fly by it in as little as 20 years with a powered slingshot around the Sun. The planet is estimated to have 10 times the", "title": "Planet Nine" }, { "id": "20084628", "score": "1.3887322", "text": "M3V (a red dwarf) about twenty light years away from Earth in the Libra constellation. Its estimated mass is about a third of that of the Sun, and it is the 89th closest known star to the Sun. Gliese 581 is one of the oldest, least active M dwarfs, its low stellar activity bodes better than most for its planets retaining significant atmospheres and from the sterilising impact stellar flares. Ongoing analysis of the system has produced several models for the orbitral arrangement of the system. There is no current consensus and 3-planet, 4-planet, 5-planet and 6-planet models have been", "title": "Gliese 581 planetary system" }, { "id": "449558", "score": "1.3837537", "text": "Venus's orbit is the closest to circular, with an eccentricity of less than 0.01. When Venus lies between Earth and the Sun in inferior conjunction, it makes the closest approach to Earth of any planet at an average distance of . The planet reaches inferior conjunction every 584 days, on average. Because of the decreasing eccentricity of Earth's orbit, the minimum distances will become greater over tens of thousands of years. From the year 1 to 5383, there are 526 approaches less than 40 million km; then there are none for about 60,158 years. All the planets in the Solar", "title": "Venus" }, { "id": "17402612", "score": "1.3795872", "text": "its star) of Kepler-61b may play a key in preventing it and the hypothetical moon from being habitable. The eccentricity of the planet is 0.25, which means it has an elliptical orbit. Kepler-61b's orbit takes it slightly beyond the inner edge of the habitable zone and then out to the middle of it, which would result in the planet experiencing temperatures of up to at is closest point in its orbit, and as low as at its farthest point. These temperatures may vary if Kepler-61b has an intense greenhouse effect, resulting in the planet being too hot to support liquid", "title": "Kepler-61b" }, { "id": "15302790", "score": "1.3768287", "text": "the solar wind has reduced their atmospheres to a thin layer. The planets accreted such atmospheres because they formed within the first few million years of the system's existence, when a protoplanetary disk was still present. Kepler-11f Kepler-11f is an exoplanet (extrasolar planet) discovered in the orbit of the sun-like star Kepler-11 by NASA's Kepler spacecraft, which searches for planets that transit (cross in front of) their host stars. Kepler-11f is the fifth planet from its star, orbiting one quarter of the distance (.25 AU) of the Earth from the Sun every 47 days. It is the furthest of the", "title": "Kepler-11f" }, { "id": "307225", "score": "1.3765814", "text": "the Drake equation, which estimates the number of intelligent, communicating civilizations that exist in the Milky Way. There are exoplanets that are much closer to their parent star than any planet in the Solar System is to the Sun, and there are also exoplanets that are much farther from their star. Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun at 0.4 AU, takes 88 days for an orbit, but the shortest known orbits for exoplanets take only a few hours, e.g. Kepler-70b. The Kepler-11 system has five of its planets in shorter orbits than Mercury's, all of them much more massive", "title": "Planet" }, { "id": "370816", "score": "1.3744535", "text": "to as \"volatiles\". The distance from Earth to the Sun is . For comparison, the radius of the Sun is . Thus, the Sun occupies 0.00001% (10 %) of the volume of a sphere with a radius the size of Earth's orbit, whereas Earth's volume is roughly one millionth (10) that of the Sun. Jupiter, the largest planet, is from the Sun and has a radius of , whereas the most distant planet, Neptune, is from the Sun. With a few exceptions, the farther a planet or belt is from the Sun, the larger the distance between its orbit and", "title": "Solar System" }, { "id": "15138776", "score": "1.3716257", "text": "lying just between the orbits of Saturn and Uranus in the Solar System. The planet is still glowing red hot. HR 8799 e is the innermost known planet as it orbits closer to its star than the other three known planets in this planetary system. This planet orbits at an estimated distance of 14.5 AU based on the relationship between angular separation measured by direct imaging observations and the star's distance from Earth. The estimated period of this planet if the orbit is face-on is about 50 years. A team of researchers led by Christian Marois at the National Research", "title": "HR 8799 e" } ]

[ "Winchester, Oliver Fisher", "Oliver F. Winchester", "oliver winchester", "oliver f winchester", "Oliver Winchester", "Oliver F Winchester", "Oliver Fisher Winchester", "winchester oliver fisher", "oliver fisher winchester" ]

[ { "id": "5051952", "score": "1.5983431", "text": "a key role in developing manufacture with interchangeable parts. Simeon North Simeon North (July 13, 1765 – August 25, 1852) was a Middletown, Connecticut, gun manufacturer, who developed one of America's first milling machines (possibly the very first) in 1818 and played an important role in the development of interchangeable parts manufacturing. North was born in Berlin, Connecticut, into a prosperous family able to provide all six sons with farms of their own. North was given a farm in Berlin, a gift that enabled him to marry Lucy Savage when he was only twenty-one years old; the couple would have", "title": "Simeon North" }, { "id": "12706143", "score": "1.5561106", "text": "April 11, 1821. However, there was no evidence these lawsuits influenced Shaw. Shaw went to Philadelphia in 1817 and filed for a patent on June 19, 1822 and surrendered it the Patent Office in 1829 to obtain a revised patent reissued on May 7, 1829. His patent was overturned by Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York in October 1829 and upheld in by the U.S. Supreme Court in January 1833. At some point prior to 1823 the U.S. Ordnance Department converted one of John Hall's breech-loading rifles to test Shaw's percussion caps and based on this, despite", "title": "Joshua Shaw" }, { "id": "7321050", "score": "1.5560167", "text": "John H. Hall (gunsmith) John Hancock Hall (January 4, 1781 – February 26, 1841) was the inventor of the M1819 Hall breech-loading rifle and a mass production innovator. Hall was born in 1781 in Portland, Maine. He worked in his father's tannery until setting up his own woodworking and boat building shop in 1810 where he tinkered with guns in his spare time. He had taken an interest in firearms during militia service and focused on increasing the rapidity of loading. On May 21, 1811, Hall patented a single shot, breech-loading rifle in collusion with Washington, D.C. architect Dr. William", "title": "John H. Hall (gunsmith)" }, { "id": "5835820", "score": "1.5555813", "text": "regarded centerfire target and hunting rifle until 1890. Edward Maynard Edward Maynard (April 26, 1813 – May 4, 1891) was an American firearms inventor, most famous for his breechloading rifle design. Edward Maynard was born in Madison, New York, on April 26, 1813. In 1831 he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point but resigned after only a semester due to ill health and became a dentist in 1835. Maynard continued to practice dentistry for the rest of his life, becoming one of the most prominent dentists in the United States. Practicing in Baltimore and Washington, D.C. his", "title": "Edward Maynard" }, { "id": "7653604", "score": "1.5490289", "text": "Side in Friendsville, PA, on June 2, 2012. The 4th Annual Uncle Dan Cup will be held at the Spring 2013 Southern Side By Side in Sanford, NC. April 26–27, 2013. Daniel Myron LeFever Daniel Myron Lefever (August 27, 1835 – October 29, 1906) was an American gun maker, popularly known as \"Uncle Dan Lefever\". He is best known as the inventor of the hammerless shotgun, first introduced in 1878. Born in Hopewell, New York, Uncle Dan Lefever's gunmaking career began as an apprentice in Canandaigua, New York in the early 1850s. He married Sarah Stead on June 10, 1857,", "title": "Daniel Myron LeFever" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Robert Fulton\n\nRobert Fulton (November 14, 1765 – February 24, 1815) was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing the world's first commercially successful steamboat, the (also known as \"Clermont\"). In 1807, that steamboat traveled on the Hudson River with passengers from New York City to Albany and back again, a round trip of , in 62 hours. The success of his steamboat changed river traffic and trade on major American rivers.\n\nIn 1800, Fulton had been commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte, leader of France, to attempt to design a submarine; he produced , the first practical submarine in history. Fulton is also credited with inventing some of the world's earliest naval torpedoes for use by the Royal Navy.\n\nFulton became interested in steam engines and the idea of steamboats in 1777 when he was around age 12 and visited state delegate William Henry of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who was interested in this topic. Henry had learned about inventor James Watt and his Watt steam engine on an earlier visit to England.", "title": "Robert Fulton" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890)\n\nThe United States provided many inventions in the time from the Colonial Period to the Gilded Age, which were achieved by inventors who were either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States. Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the \"original\" invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution, which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress:\nIn 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt. On April 10, 1790, President George Washington signed the Patent Act of 1790 (1 Stat. 109) into law proclaiming that patents were to be authorized for \"any useful art, manufacture, engine, machine, or device, or any improvement therein not before known or used\". On July 31, 1790, Samuel Hopkins of Pittsford, Vermont became the first person in the United States to file and to be granted a patent for an improved method of \"Making Pot and Pearl Ashes\". The Patent Act of 1836 (Ch. 357, 5 Stat. 117) further clarified United States patent law to the extent of establishing a patent office where patent applications are filed, processed, and granted, contingent upon the language and scope of the claimant's invention, for a patent term of 14 years with an extension of up to an additional 7 years. The modern-day provisions of the law applied to inventions are laid out in Title 35 of the United States Code (Ch. 950, sec. 1, 66 Stat. 792).\n\nFrom 1836 to 2011, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has granted a total of 7,861,317 patents relating to several well-known inventions appearing throughout the timeline below.\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945)\n\nA timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Progressive Era to the end of World War II, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States. Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the \"original\" invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress:\nIn 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt. On April 10, 1790, President George Washington signed the Patent Act of 1790 (1 Stat. 109) into law which proclaimed that patents were to be authorized for \"any useful art, manufacture, engine, machine, or device, or any improvement therein not before known or used.\" On July 31, 1790, Samuel Hopkins of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, became the first person in the United States to file and to be granted a patent under the new U.S. patent statute. The Patent Act of 1836 (Ch. 357, 5 Stat. 117) further clarified United States patent law to the extent of establishing a patent office where patent applications are filed, processed, and granted, contingent upon the language and scope of the claimant's invention, for a patent term of 14 years with an extension of up to an additional seven years.<ref name=\"Chapter 4: An Overview of Patents\"/>\n\nFrom 1836 to 2011, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has granted a total of 7,861,317 patents relating to several well-known inventions appearing throughout the timeline below. Some examples of patented inventions between the years 1890 and 1945 include John Froelich's tractor (1892), Ransom Eli Olds' assembly line (1901), Willis Carrier's air-conditioning (1902), and Robert H. Goddard's liquid-fuel rocket (1926).<ref name=\"NASA\"/>", "title": "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Industrial Revolution" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "James Watt\n\nJames Watt (; 30 January 1736 – 25 August 1819)<ref name=deathdate/> was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.\n\nWhile working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually, he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion, greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.\n\nWatt attempted to commercialise his invention, but experienced great financial difficulties until he entered a partnership with Matthew Boulton in 1775. The new firm of Boulton and Watt was eventually highly successful and Watt became a wealthy man. In his retirement, Watt continued to develop new inventions though none was as significant as his steam engine work.\n\nAs Watt developed the concept of horsepower, the SI unit of power, the watt, was named after him.", "title": "James Watt" }, { "id": "3550603", "score": "1.5296419", "text": "in 1871 the two operated the company under their own names: Forehand & Wadsworth, until Forehand reorganized the company in 1890 as the Forehand Arms Company after Wadsworth's retirement. Ethan Allen's companies made a vast variety of firearms. Most recognized are the Allen & Thurber Pepper-box revolving pistol—known as the \"Gun that won the East\". This pistol was actually much more common that the early Patterson Arms revolvers made by Colt. Few records survive, so much is derived from the physical weapons still in existence and by extrapolating from advertisements, patent dates, etc. Pocket Rifle Allen's first firearm was the", "title": "Ethan Allen (armsmaker)" }, { "id": "16222175", "score": "1.5264583", "text": "time, and his numerous patents of improved processes show continued advance in the art practised by him. The first gun ever rifled in America was made at his works in 1834, and the first perfect bronze cannon was made at his foundry for the U. S. ordnance department, The mortar “Columbiad,” the largest gun of cast iron that had then been made in the United States, was cast under his personal supervision. Alger also devised numerous improvements in the construction of time fuses for bomb shells and grenades. In 1811 he patented a method of making cast-iron chilled rolls, and", "title": "Cyrus Alger" }, { "id": "12727653", "score": "1.5256009", "text": "(The J. Stevens Company, founded by former Wesson & Leavitt employee Stevens, was ultimately sold to New England Westinghouse Company in 1915 to produce military arms for World War I). The early inventor, although eventually crushed by the legal team of arms magnate Samuel Colt, had helped spur competition and drive technological improvements in the design of American pistols – guns later used in the Old West, the American Civil War and elsewhere, and the envy of the world's firearm manufacturers. Leavitt himself served in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia in 1847 as Captain of Company F, 10th Regiment, 6th Brigade", "title": "Daniel Leavitt" }, { "id": "4305190", "score": "1.5213914", "text": "publications between then and 1824. The gun used six barrels that were fed by hoppers and was said to achieve a firing rate of about 180 rounds per minute. In 1818 he built a Steamship to run on the Danube. Philippe de Girard Philippe Henri de Girard (February 1, 1775 – August 26, 1845) was a French engineer and inventor of the first flax spinning frame in 1810, as well as the name-sake for the town of Żyrardów in Poland. He was also the uncredited inventor of food preservation using tin cans. Girard was born in the village of Lourmarin", "title": "Philippe de Girard" }, { "id": "17154553", "score": "1.5209162", "text": "furnished the first batteries of cast-steel rifled guns made in the United States. He made other improvements in projectiles in 1861/2, and in 1864/5 built a shop for the manufacture of ordnance, but the close of the wars in the United States and South America caused it to be turned to other uses. He took out patents on dividers and calipers in 1867, a steam-generator in 1868, a sole sewing-machine in 1876, and a centering watchmaker's lathe on July 10, 1882. He subsequently engaged in the manufacture of watchmakers' tools, but soon retired from business, and took much interest in", "title": "Sylvanus Sawyer" }, { "id": "6867993", "score": "1.5198488", "text": "went on to establish major firms of gunmakers, which continue to this day.The details are correct at the time of editing. Joseph Manton Joseph Manton (6 April 1766 – 29 June 1835) was a British gunsmith who innovated sport shooting, improved the quality of weapons, and paved the way for the modern artillery shell. Manton was also a sport shooter in his own right and a friend of Colonel Peter Hawker. Between 1780-1789, Manton was first apprenticed to a gunmaker in Grantham, Newton, before working under his elder brother John from 1781 onward, at 6 Dover Street, London. also a", "title": "Joseph Manton" }, { "id": "12727655", "score": "1.5195312", "text": "his firearm patents. Leavitt died at Chicopee, Massachusetts on July 27, 1859. Daniel Leavitt Daniel Leavitt (November 16, 1813 – July 27, 1859) was an early American inventor who, with his partner Edwin Wesson, patented the first revolver after Samuel Colt's, and subsequently manufactured one of the first American revolving pistols. The innovative design was manufactured only briefly before a patent suit by Colt forced the company to stop producing the Leavitt & Wesson Dragoon revolver. But Leavitt's early patents, and those of his partner Wesson, stoked competition and helped drive the technological and manufacturing boom that produced the modern", "title": "Daniel Leavitt" }, { "id": "4439854", "score": "1.5193241", "text": "the age of 19 in 1907 \"he became the only American to win both the US National High Power Rifle and Pistol championships in the same year.\" In 1914 during the Veracruz campaign in Mexico he drew the fire of three enemy snipers, thereby exposing their positions and then shot them at long range. He understood the powerful guns of a battleship as an extension of the law of ballistics and adapted his expertise to the new age of technology. When Admiral Lee engaged the Japanese Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondō's battleship on the evening of 14 November 1942 in the", "title": "Willis Augustus Lee" }, { "id": "5051946", "score": "1.5173842", "text": "Simeon North Simeon North (July 13, 1765 – August 25, 1852) was a Middletown, Connecticut, gun manufacturer, who developed one of America's first milling machines (possibly the very first) in 1818 and played an important role in the development of interchangeable parts manufacturing. North was born in Berlin, Connecticut, into a prosperous family able to provide all six sons with farms of their own. North was given a farm in Berlin, a gift that enabled him to marry Lucy Savage when he was only twenty-one years old; the couple would have five sons and three daughters. In 1795 the Norths", "title": "Simeon North" }, { "id": "641549", "score": "1.517212", "text": "Louis Gathmann Louis Gathmann (August 11, 1843 – June 3, 1917) was a German American engineer and an inventor who is best remembered as the inventor of the Gathmann gun, a large howitzer. Gathmann was born in Hanover. His father was a school teacher, and instilled in his son a lifelong love of astronomy. He moved to the United States in 1864, and eventually moved to Chicago where he lived until the end of the 19th century, when he moved to Washington, D.C. He started his career designing equipment for mills and farms, and held numerous patents. By the 1880s,", "title": "Louis Gathmann" }, { "id": "10805756", "score": "1.5170853", "text": "Mont Storm (b. August 2, 1826), became an inventor whose first invention was patented on Feb. 4, 1851 for an \"Improved method of obtaining motive power\". He had at least 33 patents to his name, with most in firearms, but many other devices as well. In 1832, Jane's father ventured into land speculation, and was one of the founders of the Galveston Bay and Texas Land Company, and Jane and her brother Robert traveled to Texas, which was then still part of Mexico, to buy land. The next year, Jane, her father, her brother Robert and a company of German", "title": "Jane Cazneau" }, { "id": "13710389", "score": "1.51398", "text": "such as the incursion by British frigate HMS \"Phaeton\" in 1808. Through the process of \"rangaku\" (the studying of Western science through the Dutch), airguns were developed by Kunitomo Ikkansai c. 1820–1830. From 1828, experiments were made with flintlock mechanisms. The Nagasaki samurai Takashima Shūhan (高島秋帆) started to import flintlock guns from the Netherlands known as \"Gewehr\" from the 1840s. He made the first modern Western military demonstration for the Tokugawa shogunate, in Tokumarugahara (north of Edo) on 27 June 1841. With the arrival of Commodore Perry in 1854 and the inescapable opening of the country to trade, rapid efforts", "title": "Firearms of Japan" }, { "id": "12727640", "score": "1.5125244", "text": "Daniel Leavitt Daniel Leavitt (November 16, 1813 – July 27, 1859) was an early American inventor who, with his partner Edwin Wesson, patented the first revolver after Samuel Colt's, and subsequently manufactured one of the first American revolving pistols. The innovative design was manufactured only briefly before a patent suit by Colt forced the company to stop producing the Leavitt & Wesson Dragoon revolver. But Leavitt's early patents, and those of his partner Wesson, stoked competition and helped drive the technological and manufacturing boom that produced the modern firearms industry. Leavitt was born November 16, 1813, at Rye, New Hampshire,", "title": "Daniel Leavitt" }, { "id": "9379007", "score": "1.5115016", "text": "legal difficulties. Although the Model 1892 made its debut after the closing of the American frontier, and the true \"Guns that Won the West\" were the earlier Models 1866 and 1873, nonetheless the '92 became an indelible icon of Western mythology through its use in hundreds of motion pictures and television shows, standing in for its older siblings. John Wayne famously carried Model 92s in dozens of films and owned several personally, some with the distinctive oversized \"loop\" lever. Other notable screen 92s were those of Chuck Connors in \"The Rifleman\" and Steve McQueen in \"Wanted: Dead or Alive. The", "title": "Winchester Model 1892" }, { "id": "3550600", "score": "1.5102813", "text": "Ethan Allen (armsmaker) Ethan Allen (September 2, 1808 – January 7, 1871) was a major American arms maker from Massachusetts. He is unrelated to the revolutionary Ethan Allen. His first firearm, the \"Pocket Rifle\" was developed in 1836, and his first patent was granted in 1837. Allen began his career as a cutlery maker in Milford, Massachusetts in 1831. He gained the knowledge of metalworking and manufacturing processes by producing knives and shoemaking tools before moving his business to Grafton. While working on a cane gun for a doctor, Allen came up with the idea for an underhammer pocket rifle", "title": "Ethan Allen (armsmaker)" } ]

[ "Ligne Maginot", "Maginot", "Armoured cloche", "Maginot Line", "armoured cloche", "ligne maginot", "Magniot line", "Maginot line", "magniot line", "maginot", "maginot line" ]

[ { "id": "17293172", "score": "1.7909935", "text": "of a 125-strong auxiliary unit. German military maneuvers and river traffic made the population increasingly nervous, so in the spring of 1940 fortifications were erected along the borders with Germany and France. The so-called Schuster Line, named after its chief constructor, consisted of 41 sets of concrete blocks and iron gates; 18 bridgeblocks on the German border, 18 roadblocks on the German border, and five roadblocks on the French border. Since the \"Corps des Gendarmes et Volontaires\" had no pioneer unit, construction fell to the responsibility of civilian engineers, while technical advice was sought from the French, who took great", "title": "German invasion of Luxembourg" }, { "id": "277829", "score": "1.7487555", "text": "Line along the Italian border, which \"demonstrated the effectiveness of the fortifications ... when properly employed.\" Footnotes Books Journals Maginot Line The Maginot Line (, ), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, and Luxembourg, the line did not extend to the English Channel due to French strategy that envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a", "title": "Maginot Line" }, { "id": "6534059", "score": "1.731124", "text": "naval artillery developed the turret – a moving cannon platform – land fortifications started to use this method as well. Between the World Wars, France built an \"impregnable\" underground steel and concrete fortification that ran the length of the German-French border. This Maginot Line failed to stop German tanks in 1940: they bypassed the fortifications by invading through neighboring Belgium. Temporary fortifications. As artillery and rifles allowed the killing of enemy personnel at a longer effective range, soldiers started to dig into temporary fortifications. These included massive trenches as used in WWI, and individual soldier-sized \"fox holes\" which became more", "title": "Industrial warfare" }, { "id": "277786", "score": "1.7089658", "text": "counter Germany. The French assumption was always that Germany would not go to war without conscription, which would allow the German Army to take advantage of the \"Reich\"'s numerical superiority. Without the natural defensive barrier provided by the Rhine river, French generals argued that France needed a new defensive barrier made of concrete and steel to replace it. The power of properly dug-in defensive trenches had been amply demonstrated during World War I, when a few soldiers manning a single machine gun post could kill hundreds of the enemy in the open and therefore building a massive defensive line with", "title": "Maginot Line" }, { "id": "3798883", "score": "1.6787752", "text": "along France's border with Germany that would include a combination of field positions and permanent concrete forts. He was influenced in this decision by his observations of successful fortifications employed at Verdun in World War I. He was also probably influenced by the destruction of his home in Revigny-sur-Ornain, which made him determined to prevent Lorraine from ever being invaded again. In 1926 Maginot was successful in getting the government to allocate money to build several experimental sections of the defensive line. During a debate concerning the budget in 1926, André Maginot lobbied heavily for the money needed to construct", "title": "André Maginot" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Maginot Line\n\nThe Maginot Line (, ), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. \n\nThe Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack. In consequence, the Germans invaded through the Low Countries in 1940, passing it to the north. The line, which was supposed to be fully extended further towards the west to avoid such an occurrence, was finally scaled back in response to demands from Belgium. Indeed, Belgium feared it would be sacrificed in the event of another German invasion. The line has since become a metaphor for expensive efforts that offer a false sense of security.\n\nConstructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium, the line did not extend to the English Channel. French strategy therefore envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault. Based on France's experience with trench warfare during World War I, the massive Maginot Line was built in the run-up to World War II, after the Locarno Conference in 1925 gave rise to a fanciful and optimistic \"Locarno spirit\". French military experts extolled the line as a work of genius that would deter German aggression, because it would slow an invasion force long enough for French forces to mobilise and counterattack.\n\nThe Maginot Line was indeed invulnerable to aerial bombings and tank fire; it featured underground railways as a backup. It also had state-of-the-art living conditions for garrisoned troops, supplying air conditioning and eating areas for their comfort. French and British officers had anticipated the geographical limits of the Maginot Line; when Germany invaded the Netherlands and Belgium, they carried out plans to form an aggressive front that cut across Belgium and connected to the Maginot Line.\n\nHowever, the French line was weak near the Ardennes Forest. General Maurice Gamelin, when drafting the Dyle Plan, believed this region, with its rough terrain, would be an unlikely invasion route of German forces; if it were traversed, it would be done at a slow rate that would allow the French time to bring up reserves and counterattacks. The German Army, having reformulated their plans from a repeat of the First World War-era plan, became aware of and exploited this weak point in the French defensive front. A rapid advance through the forest and across the River Meuse encircled much of the Allied forces, resulting in a sizeable force having to be evacuated at Dunkirk leaving the forces to the south unable to mount an effective resistance to the German invasion of France.", "title": "Maginot Line" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Trench warfare\n\nTrench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. Trench warfare became archetypically associated with World War I (1914–1918), when the Race to the Sea rapidly expanded trench use on the Western Front starting in September 1914.\n\nTrench warfare proliferated when a revolution in firepower was not matched by similar advances in mobility, resulting in a grueling form of warfare in which the defender held the advantage. On the Western Front in 1914–1918, both sides constructed elaborate trench, underground, and dugout systems opposing each other along a front, protected from assault by barbed wire. The area between opposing trench lines (known as \"no man's land\") was fully exposed to artillery fire from both sides. Attacks, even if successful, often sustained severe casualties.\n\nThe development of armoured warfare and combined arms tactics permitted static lines to be bypassed and defeated, leading to the decline of trench warfare after the war. Following World War I, \"trench warfare\" became a byword for stalemate, attrition, sieges, and futility in conflict.", "title": "Trench warfare" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "History of Austria" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of established military terms\n\nThis is a list of established military terms which have been in use for at least 50 years. Since technology and doctrine have changed over time, not all of them are in current use, or they may have been superseded by more modern terms. However, they are still in current use in articles about previous military periods. Some of them like \"camouflet\" have been adapted to describe modern versions of old techniques.\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of established military terms" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "City\n\nA city is a human settlement of notable size. It can be defined as a permanent and densely settled place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organisations and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving efficiency of goods and service distribution.\n\nHistorically, city-dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapid urbanization, more than half of the world population now lives in cities, which has had profound consequences for global sustainability. Present-day cities usually form the core of larger metropolitan areas and urban areas—creating numerous commuters traveling towards city centres for employment, entertainment, and education. However, in a world of intensifying globalization, all cities are to varying degrees also connected globally beyond these regions. This increased influence means that cities also have significant influences on global issues, such as sustainable development, global warming, and global health. Because of these major influences on global issues, the international community has prioritized investment in sustainable cities through Sustainable Development Goal 11. Due to the efficiency of transportation and the smaller land consumption, dense cities hold the potential to have a smaller ecological footprint per inhabitant than more sparsely populated areas. Therefore, compact cities are often referred to as a crucial element of fighting climate change. However, this concentration can also have significant negative consequences, such as forming urban heat islands, concentrating pollution, and stressing water supplies and other resources.\n\nOther important traits of cities besides population include the capital status and relative continued occupation of the city. For example, country capitals such as Beijing, London, Mexico City, Moscow, Nairobi, New Delhi, Paris, Rome, Athens, Seoul, Singapore, Tokyo, Manila, and Washington, D.C. reflect the identity and apex of their respective nations. Some historic capitals, such as Kyoto and Xi'an, maintain their reflection of cultural identity even without modern capital status. Religious holy sites offer another example of capital status within a religion, Jerusalem, Mecca, Varanasi, Ayodhya, Haridwar and Prayagraj each hold significance.", "title": "City" }, { "id": "12579956", "score": "1.6720313", "text": "but with very little response. The only significant fighting was at sea. Britain despatched an expeditionary force to France, which took up positions on the northernmost portion of the French border with Belgium. A line of fortifications, known as the Maginot Line, helped to defend France's border with Germany, and much of the allies' effort went into extending those defences to the north. Trenches were dug, barbed wire was stretched out and pillboxes were built, but hardly a shot was fired in anger. This period became known as the Phoney War. To the British and French public, this was a", "title": "Cultivator No. 6" }, { "id": "20056458", "score": "1.6700828", "text": "elaborate system of static border defences called the Maginot Line, designed to fight off any German attack. The Maginot Line did not extend into Belgium, where Germany attacked in 1940 and went around the French defenses. Military alliances were signed with weak powers in 1920–21, called the \"Little Entente\". Appeasement was increasingly adopted as Germany grew stronger after 1933, for France suffered a stagnant economy, unrest in its colonies, and bitter internal political fighting. Appeasement say Martin Thomas was not a coherent diplomatic strategy nor a copying of the British. France appeased Italy on the Ethiopia question because it could", "title": "International relations (1919–1939)" }, { "id": "1747380", "score": "1.6694071", "text": "technological capabilities of these small allies, and they remained weak and divided among themselves. In the end, the alliances proved worthless. France also constructed a powerful defensive wall in the form of a network of fortresses along its German border. It was called the Maginot Line and was trusted to compensate for the heavy manpower losses of the First World War. The main goal of foreign policy was the diplomatic response to the demands of the French army in the 1920s and 1930s to form alliances against the German threat, especially with Britain and with smaller countries in central Europe.", "title": "French Third Republic" }, { "id": "19162721", "score": "1.6661367", "text": "Empire. From 1899, the Schlieffen plan of the German General Staff designed the fortifications of the \"Moselstellung as \"like a lock for blocking any advance of French troops in case of conflict. This concept of a fortified line on the Moselle was a significant innovation compared to the Système Séré de Rivières developed by the French. It later inspired the engineers of the Maginot Line. The Group Fortifications of Aisne had to protect the Seille valley, not far from Verny. This mission was to be facilitated by a defensive flood, thus locking the entire southern front of Metz. Built between", "title": "Group Fortifications of Aisne" }, { "id": "277769", "score": "1.6643102", "text": "Maginot Line The Maginot Line (, ), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, and Luxembourg, the line did not extend to the English Channel due to French strategy that envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault. Based on France's experience with trench warfare during World War I, the massive Maginot Line was built", "title": "Maginot Line" }, { "id": "13923483", "score": "1.6625966", "text": "were Czech hedgehogs (\"Panzersperre\") or \"cheval de frise\" (\"Stahligel\" or \"steel hedgehogs\"). These anti-vehicle devices were constructed from three or four pairs of rails welded together to form a steel obstacle weighing over – heavy enough to stop a motor vehicle from pushing them aside. Distributed at intervals narrow enough to prevent even the smallest East German vehicle, such as Trabants, from passing between them, they became a common sight along the entire inner German border and the Berlin Wall. Rows of anti-vehicle ditches, or \"Kraftfahrzeug Sperrgraben\" (\"KFZ-Sperrgraben\"), were built during the era of the \"modern frontier\". These lined of", "title": "Fortifications of the inner German border" }, { "id": "20954592", "score": "1.655312", "text": "1931, and all were finally resolved in 1951. In the 1920s, France built the Maginot Line, an elaborate system of static border defences, designed to stop any German invasion. The Maginot Line did not extend into Belgium, where Germany attacked in 1940 and went around the French defenses. Military alliances were signed with weak powers in 1920–21, called the \"Little Entente\". The Republican-Radical and Radical-Socialist Party, usually called the Radical Party, (1901-1940) was the 20th century version of the radical political movement founded by Leon Gambetta in the 1870s. It attracted 20-25% of the deputies elected in the interwar years", "title": "Interwar France" }, { "id": "1748655", "score": "1.6544895", "text": "south-east and the Vichy regime retained the unoccupied territory in the south, known as the \"zone libre\". The Germans occupied the zone under \"Fall Anton\" in November 1942, until the Allied liberation in the summer of 1944. During the 1930s, the French had built the Maginot Line, fortifications along the border with Germany. The line was intended to deter a German invasion across the Franco-German border and funnel an attack into Belgium, which could then be met by the best divisions of the French Army. A war would take place outside of French territory avoiding a repeat of the First", "title": "Battle of France" }, { "id": "357609", "score": "1.651865", "text": "1942, Hitler had ordered the construction of fortifications he called the Atlantic Wall all along the Atlantic coast, from Spain to Norway, to protect against an expected Allied invasion. Concrete gun emplacements were constructed at strategic points along the coast, and wooden stakes, metal tripods, mines, and large anti-tank obstacles were placed on the beaches to delay the approach of landing craft and impede the movement of tanks. In addition to several static infantry divisions, eleven panzer and \"Panzergrenadier\" divisions were deployed nearby. Four of these formations were Waffen-SS divisions. In addition, the \"SS-Das Reich\" was located in Southern France,", "title": "Schutzstaffel" }, { "id": "9148172", "score": "1.647758", "text": "Czechoslovak border fortifications The Czechoslovak government built a system of border fortifications as well as some fortified defensive lines inland, from 1935 to 1938 as a defensive countermeasure against the rising threat of Nazi Germany. The objective of the fortifications was to prevent the taking of key areas by an enemy—not only Germany but also Hungary and Poland—by means of a sudden attack before the mobilization of the Czechoslovak Army could be completed, and to enable effective defense until allies—Britain and France, and possibly the Soviet Union—could help. With the rise of Hitler and his demands for unification of German", "title": "Czechoslovak border fortifications" }, { "id": "182712", "score": "1.6459873", "text": "of ensuring repayments from Germany. The intervention was a failure, and France accepted the American solution to the reparations issues, as expressed in the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan. In the 1920s, France established an elaborate system of border defences called the Maginot Line, designed to fight off any German attack. (Unfortunately, the Maginot Line did not extend into Belgium, where Germany attacked in 1940.) Military alliances were signed with weak powers in 1920–21, called the \"Little Entente\". The crisis affected France a bit later than other countries, hitting around 1931. While the GDP in the 1920s grew at", "title": "History of France" }, { "id": "7757755", "score": "1.6455803", "text": "fixed to heavy concrete pillars that were fixed into the ground to allow local traffic passage. In May 1940 however, due to a relocation programme, the elements did not form a continuous line and thus were easily bypassed by the 3rd and 4th Panzer Divisions. After the German victory in Belgium on 28 May 1940, the Belgian Gates were reallocated across Europe to serve as German barricade elements on roads, bridges and beaches. The Germans gave it the name \"C-element\". Large numbers of gates were brought to Normandy during the construction of the \"Atlantikwall\" to be used with the other", "title": "Cointet-element" }, { "id": "12437809", "score": "1.6441156", "text": "underground and made of concrete with guns mounted in armoured, rotating casemates. Combining rings and barriers, France created a vast fortified zone on their border with Germany. Meanwhile, Belgium began construction of the National Redoubt in 1888. The German Empire also fortified its borders, but Chief of the General Staff Helmuth von Moltke the Elder desired to break through Franco-Belgian fortifications. Although German artillery had been effective during the Franco-Prussian War, by the 1880s the diameter of the German Army's most powerful gun, , had become the standard thickness for fortress concrete. Moltke began requesting more powerful guns that same", "title": "42 cm Gamma Mörser" }, { "id": "11528014", "score": "1.6403608", "text": "neighbouring fortifications, foreshadowing the connected systems of the Maginot Line. The so-called \"travaux de 17\" (built in 1917) foreshadowed this advance as well. Séré de Rivières system The Séré de Rivières system was named after Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières, its originator. The system was an ensemble of fortifications built from 1874 along the frontiers and coasts of France. The fortresses were obsolescent by 1914 but were still used during the First World War. Following the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, France found itself seriously weakened and isolated from the rest of Europe, menaced by Germany and stung by the loss", "title": "Séré de Rivières system" }, { "id": "7756316", "score": "1.6361783", "text": "by steel cables, railway tracks drilled partly into swampy areas, concrete ditches filled with water or other steel constructions that could hold off armoured vehicle attacks. In 2009, an inventory of surviving emplacements was begun. In October 1936, Belgium abandoned its previous military alliance with France, fearful that after the German Remilitarization of the Rhineland, bringing German forces to its borders, it would get involved in a Franco-German war. It was recognised that a policy of neutrality could only be viable if Belgium possessed strong defences. Existing defence plans were therefore pursued more vigorously. A strong defence line was created", "title": "K-W Line" } ]

[ "sieur de baudrier", "Jonathon Swift", "m b drapier", "swiftian", "T. H. Philomath", "t h philomath", "Tom Ashe", "T. Tinker", "M Flor O'Squarr", "Jonathan Swift", "jonathin swift", "Dean Swift", "Johnathan Swift", "T. N. Philomath", "M. Flor O'Squarr", "Johathan Swift", "Simon Wagstaff, Esq.", "Sieur de Baudrier", "tom ashe", "An Enemy of the Peace", "Gregory Misosarum", "m flor o squarr", "s p m", "Jonathan swift", "gregory miso sarum", "t n philomath", "dean swift", "Student of Astrology", "M. B. Drapier", "Swiftian", "S.P.A.M", "verses on death of dr swift", "johathan swift", "gregory misosarum", "jonathan swift", "S.P.A.M.", "dr andrew tripe", "cadenus", "S. P. A. M", "jonathon swift", "student of astrology", "Gregory Miso-Sarum", "S. P. A. M.", "johnathan swift", "t tinker", "Jonathin swift", "simon wagstaff esq", "Johnathon swift", "Dr. Andrew Tripe", "Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift", "enemy of peace", "johnathon swift", "Cadenus" ]

[ { "id": "9219", "score": "1.9861557", "text": "columnist Alexandra Petri. A Modest Proposal A Modest Proposal For preventing the Children of Poor People From being a Burthen to Their Parents or Country, and For making them Beneficial to the Publick, commonly referred to as A Modest Proposal, is a Juvenalian satirical essay written and published anonymously by Jonathan Swift in 1729. The essay suggests that the impoverished Irish might ease their economic troubles by selling their children as food for rich gentlemen and ladies. This satirical hyperbole mocked heartless attitudes towards the poor, as well as British policy toward the Irish in general. The primary target of", "title": "A Modest Proposal" }, { "id": "9193", "score": "1.9604285", "text": "A Modest Proposal A Modest Proposal For preventing the Children of Poor People From being a Burthen to Their Parents or Country, and For making them Beneficial to the Publick, commonly referred to as A Modest Proposal, is a Juvenalian satirical essay written and published anonymously by Jonathan Swift in 1729. The essay suggests that the impoverished Irish might ease their economic troubles by selling their children as food for rich gentlemen and ladies. This satirical hyperbole mocked heartless attitudes towards the poor, as well as British policy toward the Irish in general. The primary target of Swift's satire was", "title": "A Modest Proposal" }, { "id": "211782", "score": "1.9506085", "text": "the shortcomings of Enlightenment thought. In 1729, Swift published \"A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland Being a Burden on Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Publick\", a satire in which the narrator, with intentionally grotesque arguments, recommends that Ireland's poor escape their poverty by selling their children as food to the rich: \"I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food...\" Following the satirical form,", "title": "Jonathan Swift" }, { "id": "335038", "score": "1.9005315", "text": "upon images of filth and disease. His bawdy style was adopted by Greek dramatist-comedian Menander, whose early play, \"Drunkenness\", contains an attack on the politician, Callimedon. Jonathan Swift's \"A Modest Proposal\" (1729) is an 18th-century Juvenalian satirical essay in which he suggests that the impoverished Irish might ease their economic troubles by selling their children as food for rich gentlemen and ladies. The satirical hyperbole mocks heartless attitudes towards the poor, as well as British policy toward the Irish in general. George Orwell's \"Animal Farm\" (1945) is an allegorical and dystopian novella which satirises the Russian Revolution of 1917 and", "title": "Political fiction" }, { "id": "6818447", "score": "1.8141618", "text": "encyclopedias to be produced in English and was the main model for Diderot's \"Encyclopédie\" (published in France between 1751 and 1766). In 1729, Jonathan Swift published \"A Modest Proposal\", a satirical suggestion that Irish families should sell their children as food. Swift was, at this time, fully involved in political campaigning for the Irish. In 1731, George Lillo's play \"The London Merchant\" was a success at the Theatre-Royal in Drury Lane. It was a new kind of play, a domestic tragedy, which approximates to what later came to be called a melodrama. In 1738, \"London\", a poem in imitation of", "title": "18th century in literature" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:Village pump (policy)/Archive 59" }, { "id": "7945530", "score": "1.7975073", "text": "in China, who had tried to smuggle them into South Korea and consume the capsules themselves or distribute them to other ethnic Korean citizens of China living in South Korea. Jonathan Swift's 1729 satiric article \"A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public\" proposed the utilization of an economic system based on poor people selling their children to be eaten, claiming that this would benefit the economy, family values, and general happiness of Ireland. The target of Swift's satire", "title": "Child cannibalism" }, { "id": "9203", "score": "1.7804062", "text": "way that both authors imply an ironic \"justification by ownership\" over the subject of sacrificing children—Tertullian while attacking pagan parents, and Swift while attacking the English mistreatment of the Irish poor. It has also been argued that \"A Modest Proposal\" was, at least in part, a response to the 1728 essay \"The Generous Projector or, A Friendly Proposal to Prevent Murder and Other Enormous Abuses, By Erecting an Hospital for Foundlings and Bastard Children\" by Swift's rival Daniel Defoe. Bernard Mandeville's \"Modest Defence of Publick Stews\" asked to introduce public and state controlled bordellos. The 1726 paper acknowledges women's interests", "title": "A Modest Proposal" }, { "id": "9195", "score": "1.758343", "text": "solution when he states: \"A young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee, or a ragout.\" Swift goes to great lengths to support his argument, including a list of possible preparation styles for the children, and calculations showing the financial benefits of his suggestion. He uses methods of argument throughout his essay which lampoon the then-influential William Petty and the social engineering popular among followers of Francis Bacon. These lampoons include appealing", "title": "A Modest Proposal" }, { "id": "3200399", "score": "1.7410035", "text": "Jews were plotting against their country. Though written and self-published by a non-notable author, the book received considerable attention. \"Time\" magazine published a review in its 24 March issue that compared the book to Jonathan Swift's 1729 satirical essay \"A Modest Proposal\", which proposed reducing the population pressure in Ireland by the cannibalistic consumption of poor Irish children. However, the \"Time\" essay recognized that Kaufman's work was not satirical; it described the book as the \"enshrinement of a single sensational idea\". \"Since Germans are the perennial disturbers of the world's peace, says the book, they must be dealt with like", "title": "Germany Must Perish!" }, { "id": "9204", "score": "1.6757337", "text": "andwhile not being a complete satirical texthas also been discussed as an inspiration for Jonathan Swift's title. Mandeville had by 1705 already become famous for the Fable of The Bees and deliberations on private vices and public benefits. Locke commented: \"Be it then as Sir Robert says, that Anciently, it was usual for Men to sell and Castrate their Children. Let it be, that they exposed them; Add to it, if you please, for this is still greater Power, \"that they begat them for their Tables to fat and eat them\": If this proves a right to do so, we", "title": "A Modest Proposal" }, { "id": "364171", "score": "1.6669997", "text": "first to practise modern journalistic satire. For instance, In his \"A Modest Proposal\" Swift suggests that Irish peasants be encouraged to sell their own children as food for the rich, as a solution to the \"problem\" of poverty. His purpose is of course to attack indifference to the plight of the desperately poor. In his book \"Gulliver's Travels\" he writes about the flaws in human society in general and English society in particular. John Dryden wrote an influential essay entitled \"A Discourse Concerning the Original and Progress of Satire\" that helped fix the definition of satire in the literary world.", "title": "Satire" }, { "id": "2107158", "score": "1.6651158", "text": "Swift (1667–1745), the author of \"Gulliver's Travels\", employed the term in his satirical essay \"A Modest Proposal\", in which he proposed selling Irish babies to be eaten by wealthy English landlords. Daniel Defoe wrote in the popular \"Robinson Crusoe\" (1719), near the end of the novel: \"... I began to regret having professed myself a Papist, and thought it might not be the best religion to die with.\" Similar terms, such as the traditional \"popery\" and the more recent \"papalism\", are sometimes used, as in the Popery Act 1698 and the Irish Popery Act. The Seventh-day Adventist prophetess Ellen G.", "title": "Papist" }, { "id": "9214", "score": "1.6627964", "text": "poor here as you are there. I believe, indeed, we shall carry it farther, and not confine our luxury only to the eating of children; for I happened to peep the other day into a large assembly [Parliament] not far from Westminster-hall, and I found them roasting a great fat fellow, [Walpole again] For my own part, I had not the least inclination to a slice of him; but, if I guessed right, four or five of the company had a devilish mind to be at him. Well, adieu, you begin now to wish I had ended, when I might", "title": "A Modest Proposal" }, { "id": "9194", "score": "1.6270896", "text": "the rationalism of modern economics, and the growth of rationalistic modes of thinking in modern life at the expense of more traditional human values. In English writing, the phrase \"a modest proposal\" is now conventionally an allusion to this style of straight-faced satire. This essay is widely held to be one of the greatest examples of sustained irony in the history of the English language. Much of its shock value derives from the fact that the first portion of the essay describes the plight of starving beggars in Ireland, so that the reader is unprepared for the surprise of Swift's", "title": "A Modest Proposal" }, { "id": "9196", "score": "1.6252878", "text": "to the authority of \"a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London\" and \"the famous Psalmanazar, a native of the island Formosa\" (who had already confessed to \"not\" being from Formosa in 1706). In the tradition of Roman satire, Swift introduces the reforms he is actually suggesting by paralipsis: George Wittkowsky argued that Swift's main target in \"A Modest Proposal\" was not the conditions in Ireland, but rather the can-do spirit of the times that led people to devise a number of illogical schemes that would purportedly solve social and economic ills. Swift was especially attacking projects that tried", "title": "A Modest Proposal" }, { "id": "9218", "score": "1.6174855", "text": "a letter to a local Aspen newspaper informing them that, on Christmas Eve, he was going to use napalm to burn a number of dogs and hopefully any humans they find. The letter protests against the burning of Vietnamese people occurring overseas. The 2012 film \"Butcher Boys,\" written by Kim Henkel, is said to be loosely based on Jonathan Swift's \"A Modest Proposal.\" The film's opening scene takes place in a restaurant named \"J. Swift's\". On November 30, 2017, Jonathan Swift's 350th birthday, The Washington Post published a column entitled 'Why Alabamians should consider eating Democrats' babies\", by the humorous", "title": "A Modest Proposal" }, { "id": "9207", "score": "1.5821466", "text": "time. Wittowsky argues that not enough critics have taken the time to focus directly on the mercantilism and theories of labour in 18th century England. \"[I]f one regards the \"Modest Proposal\" simply as a criticism of condition, about all one can say is that conditions were bad and that Swift's irony brilliantly underscored this fact\". At the start of a new industrial age in the 18th century, it was believed that \"people are the riches of the nation\", and there was a general faith in an economy that paid its workers low wages because high wages meant workers would work", "title": "A Modest Proposal" }, { "id": "15156261", "score": "1.5800111", "text": "But it met with small financial support, and in December 1781 it was closed. In 1767, Armstrong published an \"Essay on the Diseases most Fatal to Infants\"; a second edition appeared in 1771, and a third edition, dedicated to Queen Charlotte, in 1777. An enlarged edition appeared in 1808, edited by A. P. Buchan, M.D. To the third edition was appended \"A General Account of the Dispensary for the Infant Poor\", which had been printed, in a shorter form, in 1772. Armstrong stated that children were received \"without any letters of admission, provided the parents are really indigent, the case", "title": "George Armstrong (physician)" }, { "id": "5437932", "score": "1.5791216", "text": "have no interest in the outcome, and then offering a solution before enumerating the profits of the plan. Swift does the same, but the proposed solution (cannibalism) is immoral. There is very little \"logically\" wrong with the proposal, but it is unquestionably \"morally\" abhorrent, and it can only be acceptable if one regards the Irish as kine. The parody of an enemy is note-perfect, and the satire comes not from grotesque exaggerations of style, but in the extra-literary realm of morality and ethics. Jonathan Swift's first major satire was \"A Tale of a Tub\" (1703–1705). That satire introduced an ancients/moderns", "title": "Augustan prose" }, { "id": "9211", "score": "1.5716616", "text": "within the community after its publication. The work was aimed at the aristocracy, and they responded in turn. Several members of society wrote to Swift regarding the work. Lord Bathurst's letter intimated that he certainly understood the message, and interpreted it as a work of comedy: February 12, 1729-30:\"I did immediately propose it to Lady Bathurst, as your advice, particularly for her last boy, which was born the plumpest, finest thing, that could be seen; but she fell in a passion, and bid me send you word, that she would not follow your direction, but that she would breed him", "title": "A Modest Proposal" } ]

[ "Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana", "liberia guinea mali burkina faso ghana" ]

[ { "id": "65502", "score": "1.6727293", "text": "Geography of Ivory Coast Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) is a sub-Saharan nation in southern West Africa located at 8 00°N, 5 00°W. The country is approximately square in shape. Its southern border is a coastline on the Gulf of Guinea on the north Atlantic Ocean. On the other three sides it borders five other African nations for a total of : Liberia to the southwest for , Guinea to the northwest for , Mali to the north-northwest for , Burkina Faso to the north-northeast for , and Ghana to the east for . Ivory Coast comprises , of which is", "title": "Geography of Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "65510", "score": "1.6689017", "text": "torrential flooding is a danger. Extreme points are the geographic points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location in the country. Geography of Ivory Coast Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) is a sub-Saharan nation in southern West Africa located at 8 00°N, 5 00°W. The country is approximately square in shape. Its southern border is a coastline on the Gulf of Guinea on the north Atlantic Ocean. On the other three sides it borders five other African nations for a total of : Liberia to the southwest for , Guinea to the northwest for , Mali", "title": "Geography of Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "680362", "score": "1.6516503", "text": "Ivory Coast Ivory Coast or Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country located in West Africa. Ivory Coast's political capital is Yamoussoukro, while its economic capital and largest city is the port city of Abidjan. It borders Guinea and Liberia to the west, Burkina Faso and Mali to the north, Ghana to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) to the south. Prior to its colonization by Europeans, Ivory Coast was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the Kong Empire, and Baoulé. The area became a protectorate of France in 1843 and was consolidated", "title": "Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "680367", "score": "1.5914626", "text": "Nicolas Villault de Bellefond, for example, although Antoine François Prévost used \"Côte d'Ivoire\". In the 19th century, usage switched to \"Côte d'Ivoire\". The coastline of the modern state is not quite coterminous with what the 15th- and 16th-century merchants knew as the \"Teeth\" or \"Ivory\" coast, which was considered to stretch from Cape Palmas to Cape Three Points and which is thus now divided between the modern states of Ghana and Ivory Coast (with a minute portion of Liberia). It retained the name through French rule and independence in 1960. The name had long since been translated literally into other", "title": "Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "7451317", "score": "1.5798824", "text": "Cocody, Abidjan. The United States Department of State uses the name Republic of Côte d'Ivoire when referring to Ivory Coast in international settings and diplomatic matters. They also use the francophone demonym \"Ivoirian\" in official communications. The Embassy of Ivory Coast in Washington, D.C. is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Ivory Coast to the United States. It is located in the Embassy Row neighborhood. The Ambassador is Yao Charles Koffi. Ivory Coast–United States relations US–Ivorian relations are bilateral international relations between the United States and Ivory Coast. Ivory Coast is one of the most pro-American nations in Africa", "title": "Ivory Coast–United States relations" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Ivory Coast\n\nIvory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital is Yamoussoukro, in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is the port city of Abidjan. It borders Guinea to the northwest, Liberia to the west, Mali to the northwest, Burkina Faso to the northeast, Ghana to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) to the south. Its official language is French, and indigenous languages are also widely used, including Bété, Baoulé, Dioula, Dan, Anyin, and Cebaara Senufo. In total, there are around 78 different languages spoken in Ivory Coast. The country has a religiously diverse population, including numerous followers of Christianity, Islam, and indigenous faiths.\n\nBefore its colonization by Europeans, Ivory Coast was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the Kong Empire, and Baoulé. The area became a protectorate of France in 1843 and was consolidated as a French colony in 1893 amid the European Scramble for Africa. It achieved independence in 1960, led by Félix Houphouët-Boigny, who ruled the country until 1993. Relatively stable by regional standards, Ivory Coast established close political-economic ties with its West African neighbours while maintaining close relations with the West, especially France. Its stability was diminished by a coup d'état in 1999, then two civil wars—first between 2002 and 2007 and again during 2010–2011. It adopted a new constitution in 2016.\n\nIvory Coast is a republic with strong executive power vested in its president. Through the production of coffee and cocoa, it was an economic powerhouse in West Africa during the 1960s and 1970s, then experienced an economic crisis in the 1980s, contributing to a period of political and social turmoil that extended until 2011. Ivory Coast has experienced again high economic growth since the return of peace and political stability in 2011. From 2012 to 2021, the economy grew by an average of 7.4% per year in real terms, the second-fasted rate of economic growth in Africa and fourth-fastest rate in the world. In 2020 Ivory Coast was the world's largest exporter of cocoa beans and had high levels of income for its region. In the 21st century, the economy still relies heavily on agriculture, with smallholder cash-crop production predominating.<ref name=CIA/>", "title": "Ivory Coast" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Geography of Ivory Coast\n\nIvory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) is a sub-Saharan nation in southern West Africa located at 8 00°N, 5 00°W. The country is approximately square in shape. Its southern border is a coastline on the Gulf of Guinea on the north Atlantic Ocean. On the other three sides it borders five other African nations for a total of : Liberia to the southwest for , Guinea to the northwest for , Mali to the north-northwest for , Burkina Faso to the north-northeast for , and Ghana to the east for .\n\nIvory Coast comprises , of which is land and is water, which makes the country about the size of Germany.", "title": "Geography of Ivory Coast" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Abidjan\n\nAbidjan ( , ; N’ko: ߊߓߌߖߊ߲߬) is the economic capital of the Ivory Coast. As of the 2021 census, Abidjan's population was 6.3 million,<ref name=census_2021 /> which is 21.5 percent of overall population of the country, making it the sixth most populous city proper in Africa, after Lagos, Cairo, Kinshasa, Dar es Salaam, and Johannesburg. A cultural crossroads of West Africa, Abidjan is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation. It also is one of the most populous French-speaking cities in Africa.\n\nThe city expanded quickly after the construction of a new wharf in 1931, followed by its designation as the capital city of the then-French colony in 1933. The completion of the Vridi Canal in 1951 enabled Abidjan to become an important sea port. Abidjan remained the capital of the Ivory Coast after its independence from France in 1960. In 1983, the city of Yamoussoukro was designated as the official political capital of Ivory Coast.\n\nHowever, Abidjan has officially been designated as the \"economic capital\" of the country, because it is the largest city in the country and the centre of its economic activity. Also almost all political institutions and foreign embassies continue to be located in Abidjan. The Abidjan Autonomous District, which encompasses the city and some of its suburbs, is one of the 14 districts of Ivory Coast.", "title": "Abidjan" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of countries by length of coastline\n\nThis article contains a list of countries by length of coastline, in kilometers. A coastline of zero indicates that the country is landlocked.", "title": "List of countries by length of coastline" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "West Africa\n\nWest Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territory). The population of West Africa is estimated at about /1e6 round 0 million people as of , and at 381,981,000 as of 2017, of which 189,672,000 are female and 192,309,000 male. and economically one of the fastest growing on the African continent.\n\nEarly history in West Africa included a number of prominent regional powers that dominated different parts of both the coastal and internal trade networks, such as the Mali and Gao Empires. West Africa sat at the intersection of trade routes between Arab-dominated North Africa and specialized goods from further south on the continent, including gold, advanced iron-working, and ivory. After European exploration encountered rich local economies and kingdoms, the European slave trade exploited already existing slave systems to provide labor for colonies in the Americas. After the end of the slave trade in the early 19th century, European nations, especially France and Britain, continued to exploit the region through colonial relationships. For example, they continued exporting a number of extractive goods, including labor-intensive agricultural crops like cocoa and coffee, forestry products like tropical timber, and mineral resources like gold. Since independence, many West African countries, like Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal, have played important roles in the regional and global economies.\n\nWest Africa has a rich ecology, with strong biodiversity and several distinct regions. The area's climate and ecology are heavily influenced by the dry Sahara to the North and East, which provides dry winds during the Harmattan, as well as the Atlantic Ocean to the South and West, which provides seasonal monsoons. This mixture of climates gives West Africa a rich array of biomes, from biodiversity-rich tropical forests to drylands supporting rare and endangered fauna such as pangolins, rhinoceros, and elephants. Because of the pressure for economic development, many of these ecologies are threatened by processes like deforestation, biodiversity loss, overfishing, pollution from mining, plastics and other industries, and extreme changes resulting from climate change in West Africa.", "title": "West Africa" }, { "id": "680413", "score": "1.57968", "text": "of the leading improved countries in most categories covered by IMF reports. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/IMF002/23423-9781475574562/23423-9781475574562/23423-9781475574562.xml?redirect=true Ivory Coast is a country of western sub-Saharan Africa. It borders Liberia and Guinea in the west, Mali and Burkina Faso in the north, Ghana in the east, and the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) in the south. The country lies between latitudes 4° and 11°N, and longitudes 2° and 9°W. Around 64.8% of the land is agricultural land; arable land amounted to 9.1%, permanent pasture 41.5%, and permanent crops 14.2%. Water pollution is amongst one of the biggest issues that the country is currently facing. Since", "title": "Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "65557", "score": "1.5671023", "text": "extrajudicial killings and unlawful detention. Armed Forces of the Republic of Ivory Coast The Republican Forces of Côte d'Ivoire (; \"FRCI\") is the current name of the armed forces of Ivory Coast. The Ivorian military has its roots in the colonial armed forces of French West Africa, which were headquartered in Dakar, Senegal but possessed bases in several distinct military regions. Most Ivorian recruits who joined the colonial army were assigned to Senegalese units during this period. They served with distinction during both world wars, with 20,000 Ivorian soldiers fighting for the French during World War I and another 30,000", "title": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "680417", "score": "1.5448853", "text": "against former Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara. On 2 December, the Electoral Commission declared that Ouattara had won the election by a margin of 54% to 46%. In response, the Gbagbo-aligned Constitutional Council rejected the declaration, and the government announced that country's borders had been sealed. An Ivorian military spokesman said, \"The air, land, and sea border of the country are closed to all movement of people and goods.\" In Africa, Ivorian diplomacy favors step-by-step economic and political cooperation. In 1959, Ivory Coast formed the Council of the Entente with Dahomey (Benin), Upper Volta (Burkina Faso), Niger and Togo; in 1965,", "title": "Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "13303570", "score": "1.5429626", "text": "Environment of Ivory Coast Environment of Côte d'Ivoire The Ivory Coast has more than 1,200 animal species—223 mammal, 702 bird, 125 reptile, 38 amphibian, and 111 fish species—and 4,700 plant species. It is the most biodiverse counrtry in West Africa, but unlike other countries there, its diversity isn't concentrated along the coast, but rather in the rugged interior. Côte d'Ivoire is party to the following treaties: The 2006 Côte d'Ivoire toxic waste dump was a health crisis in which Trafigura illegally dumped toxic waste in up to 12 sites around Abidjan in August 2006. Palm oil is one of the", "title": "Environment of Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "680438", "score": "1.5394031", "text": "palm wine. Ivorians have a particular kind of small, open-air restaurant called a \"maquis\", which is unique to the region. A \"maquis\" normally features braised chicken and fish covered in onions and tomatoes, served with \"attiéké\" or \"kedjenou\". Ivory Coast Ivory Coast or Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country located in West Africa. Ivory Coast's political capital is Yamoussoukro, while its economic capital and largest city is the port city of Abidjan. It borders Guinea and Liberia to the west, Burkina Faso and Mali to the north, Ghana to the east, and the Gulf of", "title": "Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "13623903", "score": "1.5343657", "text": "Ivory Coast–Soviet Union relations Côte d'Ivoire–Soviet relations were the bilateral relations between Côte d'Ivoire and Soviet Union. Overall, the Ivorian-Soviet relations were sporadic and frosty as the Ivorian president Félix Houphouët-Boigny mistrusted the Soviet Union and had a negative view of the Soviet role in Africa. The Soviet Union had declared its recognition of the independence of Côte d'Ivoire and offered the new state diplomatic relations in a telegram issued on August 6, 1960 (one day before independence of Côte d'Ivoire was declared). The Soviet Union had begun to import cocoa beans from Côte d'Ivoire in 1959, but this trade", "title": "Ivory Coast–Soviet Union relations" }, { "id": "11614463", "score": "1.5340221", "text": "Ghana did not violate Côte d’Ivoire’s maritime boundary in anyway. The Chamber also rejected Côte d’Ivoire’s legal argument that Ghana’s coastal lines were unstable. At the same time, none of the oil exploration areas indicated in the maps submitted by Ghana were also not compromised in laying the provisional maritime equidistance boundary. Generally, the final boundary, which is an equidistant line, is in favor of Ghana and loses little from their original claim. The Chamber also found that Ghana’s oil and gas exploration activities in the disputed basin did not violate Côte d’Ivoire’s sovereign rights. Ghana–Ivory Coast relations Ghana–Ivory Coast", "title": "Ghana–Ivory Coast relations" }, { "id": "10393415", "score": "1.5336468", "text": "a region including the administrative districts of Séguéla and Vavoua. The zone 5 is supervised by Ouattara Issiaka, called \"Wattao\", in addition Chief of staff's assistant in the \"Forces Nouvelles\"s armed forces. This zone, which supervise the \"Anaconda\" unit, is an ancient par of the \"Société Omnisports de l'Armée\" (SOA), the \"Forces armées nationales de Côte d'Ivoire\"'s (English: \"Armed forces of Côte d'Ivoire\") sportive team. The Man's zone covers the 18 mountains region (\"Région des 18 Montagnes\"), a zone reckoned to be difficult owing to its border position with Guinea and Liberia. The zone is supervised by Losseni Fofana, called", "title": "Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire" }, { "id": "13262376", "score": "1.52679", "text": "Subdivisions of Ivory Coast Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) is a relatively decentralised state. The country divided into 14 districts, of which two are cities organised as autonomous districts. The 12 non-autonomous districts are subdivided into 31 second-level regions. The autonomous districts and the regions are divided into 108 third-level departments. The departments are divided into 510 fourth-level sub-prefectures. Sub-prefectures contain villages and, in some instances, several villages are combined into fifth-level communes. There are 197 communes. Independent Ivory Coast was first divided into administrative subdivisions in 1961, when four departments were created. In 1963, two additional departments were created, and", "title": "Subdivisions of Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "680368", "score": "1.5206063", "text": "languages, which the post-independence government considered increasingly troublesome whenever its international dealings extended beyond the Francophone sphere. Therefore, in April 1986, the government declared that Côte d'Ivoire (or, more fully, République de Côte d'Ivoire) would be its formal name for the purposes of diplomatic protocol, and since then officially refuses to recognize or accept any translation from French to another language in its international dealings. Despite the Ivorian government's request, the English translation \"Ivory Coast\" (often \"\"the\" Ivory Coast\") is still frequently used in English by various media outlets and publications. The first human presence in Ivory Coast has been", "title": "Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "680365", "score": "1.519912", "text": "Christians (primarily Roman Catholics) and various indigenous religions. Originally, Portuguese and French merchant-explorers in the 15th and 16th centuries divided the west coast of Africa, very roughly, into four \"coasts\" reflecting local economies. The coast that the French named the \"Côte d'Ivoire\" and the Portuguese named the \"Costa Do Marfim\"—both, literally, mean \"Coast of Ivory\"—lay between what was known as the \"Guiné de Cabo Verde\", so-called \"Upper Guinea\" at Cap-Vert, and Lower Guinea. There was also a Pepper Coast, also known as the \"Grain Coast\", a \"Gold Coast\", and a \"Slave Coast\". Like those, the name \"Ivory Coast\" reflected the", "title": "Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "65538", "score": "1.5192771", "text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Ivory Coast The Republican Forces of Côte d'Ivoire (; \"FRCI\") is the current name of the armed forces of Ivory Coast. The Ivorian military has its roots in the colonial armed forces of French West Africa, which were headquartered in Dakar, Senegal but possessed bases in several distinct military regions. Most Ivorian recruits who joined the colonial army were assigned to Senegalese units during this period. They served with distinction during both world wars, with 20,000 Ivorian soldiers fighting for the French during World War I and another 30,000 during World War II. In", "title": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "13303571", "score": "1.5161889", "text": "commodities exported by Côte d'Ivoire and the plantations have an environmental impact. Palmci, the main palm oil company, said that environmentalists had caused it to abandon plans for a palm oil plantation in the Tanoe forest wetlands. Environment of Ivory Coast Environment of Côte d'Ivoire The Ivory Coast has more than 1,200 animal species—223 mammal, 702 bird, 125 reptile, 38 amphibian, and 111 fish species—and 4,700 plant species. It is the most biodiverse counrtry in West Africa, but unlike other countries there, its diversity isn't concentrated along the coast, but rather in the rugged interior. Côte d'Ivoire is party to", "title": "Environment of Ivory Coast" }, { "id": "17413270", "score": "1.5077503", "text": "are approximately 174 Chinese official development finance projects in Côte d'Ivoire. Of these 174 official development finance projects, 112 are approximately 12 billion euros. The most expensive project is the urban center in Abidjan (8.9 billion euros). In addition, infrastructure accounted for 86% of the Chinese public assistance. The majority of Chinese aid is granted during the Ivorian political crisis between 2002 and 2010. Under Laurent Gbagbo, 69% of aid is thus assigned. In Abidjan, Chinese nationals are about 2500. They mainly occur in the trade, Adjamé, or restoration, Cocody. They created about 100 companies. China–Ivory Coast relations China–Ivory Coast", "title": "China–Ivory Coast relations" }, { "id": "65527", "score": "1.5021245", "text": "Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases, and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit to the number of members. For administrative purposes, Ivory Coast is divided into 58 departments, each headed by a prefect appointed by the central government. There are 196 communes, each headed by an elected mayor, plus the city of Abidjan with ten mayors. The 58 departments (\"départements\", singular - \"département\") are listed in the article Departments of Ivory Coast. ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol,", "title": "Politics of Ivory Coast" } ]

[ "marathon snickers", "snickers bar", "marathon brand", "snickers", "snickers song", "Snickers bar", "substantialiscious", "Snickers", "Snickers song", "Snicker's", "Marathon Snickers", "Snickers Marathon", "snickers marathon", "Marathon brand", "Snickers Almond Bar", "Substantialiscious", "snickers almond bar", "snicker s" ]

[ { "id": "17821", "score": "1.6153448", "text": "learning that they had possibly been manufactured with Salmonella-contaminated ingredients from Peanut Corporation of America. The company indicated that it had not received any reports of illness in connection with the products. In 2012, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), accused Amway of making unsubstantiated and illegal claims about Nutrilite Fruits & Vegetables 2GO Twist Tubes and threatened to launch a class action lawsuit against the company unless it took remedial action. Amway responded that the claims made about the products were properly substantiated and that they did not plan to change the product's labeling but nevertheless", "title": "Amway" }, { "id": "6420387", "score": "1.5763185", "text": "the FDA tracked the peanut butter salmonella outbreak to a Peanut Corporation of America plant, a vendor Amway had used on occasion. Nutrilite Nutrilite is a brand of mineral, vitamin, and dietary supplements developed in 1934 by Carl F. Rehnborg. Nutrilite products are currently manufactured by Access Business Group, a subsidiary of Alticor whose products are sold via Amway worldwide. The Nutrilite brand is known as Nutriway in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Turkey, Australia and New Zealand. Carl F. Rehnborg developed his vitamin products in the 1930s. His time in China between roughly 1917 and 1927 exposed him to experiences", "title": "Nutrilite" }, { "id": "15183229", "score": "1.5428616", "text": "in store, in order to receive one of 44 free mini grocery items. The grocery items were identical, miniature replicas of actual products found within the supermarket. The brands of the products in which were represented in the campaign had paid Foodstaffs to be included. In taking this approach, Foodstaffs created an opportunity for its suppliers to also take advantage of brand encounters targeting consumers who may not have necessarily been aware of their products. The use of persuasive communication techniques, i.e, television and radio advertisements created positive attitude changes amongst shoppers who may not have necessarily been loyal to", "title": "Premium (marketing)" }, { "id": "12966432", "score": "1.5417688", "text": "January 1, 2007, as well as everything ever produced at the Plainview, Texas plant. Products supplied for some school lunches were pulled, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) even recalled emergency meals sent after a massive ice storm. (Since the storm left many without power, the United States Postal Service went door-to-door in Kentucky to warn residents and hand out 600,000 flyers from FEMA.) Food banks nationwide had to discard thousands of pounds of food in time of high demand from millions of U.S. families in need. The recall did not involve major-brand peanut butters, since PCA primarily served", "title": "Peanut Corporation of America" }, { "id": "5540615", "score": "1.534045", "text": "until 2002 for the name of the format Franklins had used which is best known for selling dry groceries and frozen perishables only. Originally, the No Frills brand was only used for its peanut butter, honey and potato chips but has since expanded its range to more than 800 products in packaged groceries and perishables. In late 2003, the \"No Frills\" generic product range and the brand itself had been revamped and was promoted by its new mascot, \"Red Sock\". Sold with a money-back guarantee, in many cases they’re market leaders in their categories. The No Frills logo was also", "title": "Franklins" }, { "id": "8056465", "score": "1.5274968", "text": "the tendency to consume greater quantities of an item or service deemed morally superior, such as a putatively healthier cookie, or more energy-efficient lighting. SnackWells were developed by Nabisco's principal food scientist, Sam Porcello. SnackWell's branded products are now made by Back to Nature Foods in Naples, Florida. In Canada, SnackWell's potato chips and crackers are available. In August 2017, it was reported that B&G Foods Inc. had agreed to buy SnackWells cookies and Back to Nature granola for $162.5 million. SnackWell's SnackWell's is a United States food brand. Introduced in 1992, its products include fat-free cookies of a variety", "title": "SnackWell's" }, { "id": "659843", "score": "1.5270338", "text": "peanut products annually, spending a total of $2 billion in peanut retail purchases. Peanuts are used to help fight malnutrition. Plumpy Nut, MANA Nutrition, and Medika Mamba are high-protein, high-energy, and high-nutrient peanut-based pastes developed to be used as a therapeutic food to aid in famine relief. The World Health Organization, UNICEF, Project Peanut Butter, and Doctors Without Borders have used these products to help save malnourished children in developing countries. Peanuts can be used like other legumes and grains to make a lactose-free, milk-like beverage, peanut milk, which is promoted in Africa as a way to reduce malnutrition among", "title": "Peanut" }, { "id": "9121234", "score": "1.5240142", "text": "Fresh brands. Originally, the No Frills brand was only used for its peanut butter, honey and potato chips but expanded its range to more than 800 products in packaged groceries and perishables. First Choice was another generic range of products Woolworths New Zealand Supermarket Group had sold. Launched in 1998, it was developed to provide an alternative to the leading brands and have products with quality equal to or better than the leading brands. The products didn't just have the quality but also had prices that were anywhere between 10-15% cheaper than the national brands. First Choice had over 600", "title": "Big Fresh" }, { "id": "12966459", "score": "1.5213274", "text": "them, some of which are on the recall list, some of which are probably contaminated. It seems like from what we've read you were willing to send out that peanut base that went into these ingredients. I just wonder, would either of you be willing to take the lid off and eat any of these products now like the people on the panel ahead of you, their relatives, their loved ones did?\" Walden revealed an e-mail from Parnell, who, referring to products that had tested positive for Salmonella, wrote: \"Let's turn them loose.\" In 2015, Food Republic produced and aired", "title": "Peanut Corporation of America" }, { "id": "9057757", "score": "1.5200268", "text": "Las Pinas City. Create-Your-Own allows customers to experiment with the assorted cereal brands with either dry or low-fat milk topped off by a variety of toppings such as nuts, fruits, cookies, and candies. Cerealicious offers a drink made of cereals called \"Cerealicious Smoothies\". These are shakes that are mixed with cereals to give them a crunchy texture. They are branded as \"cereal meal<nowiki>[s]</nowiki> on the go\". Cerealicious offers Cereal Blockbusters, which are set combinations of cereals, milk slush, and toppings. Each is named after a hit movie. Available Blockbusters include: Cerealicious Cerealicious is a fast-food restaurant chain based in the", "title": "Cerealicious" }, { "id": "1815032", "score": "1.5190911", "text": "million. Kraft Foods was spun off from Altria, taking its Nabisco subsidiary with it, in 2007. In January 2007 Cream of Wheat was sold to B&G Foods. In 1997, the National Advertising Division of the Council of Better Business Bureaus became concerned with an ad campaign for Planters Deluxe Mixed Nuts. The initial commercial featured a man and monkey deserted on an island. They discover a crate of Planters peanuts and rejoice in the peanuts' positive health facts. Nabisco made a detailed statement describing how their peanuts were healthier than most other snack products, going as far as comparing the", "title": "Nabisco" }, { "id": "12966421", "score": "1.5173736", "text": "Stewart Parnell via a private sale. Over this history, PCA came to operate processing facilities in Blakely, Georgia, Suffolk, Virginia, and Plainview, Texas, providing peanut and peanut butter products primarily to the \"institutional food\" market (schools, prisons and nursing homes), to food manufacturers for use in cookies, snacks, ice cream, and dog treats, and to other low-end markets. PCA permanently halted its operations after it was found to be the source of a massive \"Salmonella\" outbreak in the U.S., during late 2008 and early 2009. By 2007, prior to closing its doors, PCA had grown to 90 employees and was", "title": "Peanut Corporation of America" }, { "id": "19742776", "score": "1.5063013", "text": "(PCA), and urged people to postpone eating commercially prepared or manufactured peanut butter-containing products and institutionally served peanut butter. \"Salmonella\" was reported to be found in 46 states in the United States in at least 3,862 peanut butter-based products, such as crackers, energy bars, and peanut butter cookies from at least 343 food companies. Dog treats were affected, as well. At least 691 people in more than 46 states became sick, and the \"Salmonella\" claimed at least 9 lives as of March 25. Peanut butter and peanut paste manufactured by PCA were distributed to hundreds of firms for use as", "title": "Salmonellosis in the United States" }, { "id": "13974834", "score": "1.4940219", "text": "and attractive packaging to promote themselves. Branded with ‘distinctive names’ like “Peanut Spread” and “Salad Bouquet,” they sold a weak product (like a low ratio of peanuts, or weak vinegar) as high-quality substitutes. Similar deceptive labeling in canned foods prompted the McNary-Mapes Amendment in 1930 which “authorized standards of quality, condition, and/or fill-of-containers.” If a product was sub-standard, it had to display a ‘crepe label’ which read ‘below US standard, low quality, but not illegal’. Aided by Eleanor Roosevelt, the \"American Chamber of Horrors\" helped illuminate the deficiencies in the old 1906 Act. Launched in 1933 with the book \"100,000,000", "title": "Early history of food regulation in the United States" }, { "id": "1920175", "score": "1.4935179", "text": "as a marketing tool. Words such as “healthy”, “low-fat”, and “natural” have contributed to what is called the health-halo effect, which is when consumers overestimate the healthfulness of an item based on claims on the packaging. Food companies may incorporate whole grain and higher fiber levels into their products in order to advertise these advantages. However, there is no regulated amount of grain needed in a certain product to be able to advertise this benefit, and the product may not be as nutritious as advertised. Other studies have shown that marketing for food products has demonstrated an effect on consumers’", "title": "Health claim" }, { "id": "5291703", "score": "1.493506", "text": "a range of Peanuts and Cashews that delivers straightforward satisfaction with a distinctive sense of humour.\" British advertising featured musician Noddy Holder, frustrated that pub-goers misheard the brand name for himself. The advert was only shown after the 9pm watershedthe \"adult\" part of the programming daydue to its risque humour. In 2016, advertisers Lash Creative were hired by PepsiCo Australia to improve the social media presence of Nobby's. In 2011, a man in Townsville, Queensland was arrested for stealing a $3.95 bag of Nobby's Nuts by hiding them in his pants. Police spent over $1,000 attempting to track down the", "title": "Nobby's" }, { "id": "19883929", "score": "1.4919834", "text": "in home shopping sites or flight and hotel sites, and it stimulates customers’ interests. “The time limit for this product,” or “Only 10 items left” is the case that companies try to attract people’s attention as well. This time limitation strategy is often used with special discounts strategies such as “Only today, up to 50%.” In fact, by limiting the time of offering their products, they make consumers have feeling like “I am allowed to buy this product only this time!” Special discounts is the strongest technique of hunger marketing. Special discounts also have huge impact people’s consumption. People have", "title": "Hunger marketing" }, { "id": "31041", "score": "1.4873242", "text": "sufficiently balanced with proper nutritional education to help children understand the consequences of their food choices. Additionally, children may not understand that they are being sold something, and are therefore more impressionable. Michelle Obama has criticized large food companies for advertising unhealthy foods largely towards children and has requested that food companies either limit their advertising to children or advertise foods that are more in line with dietary guidelines. The other criticisms include the change that are brought by those advertisements on the society and also the deceiving ads that are aired and published by the corporations. Cosmetic and health", "title": "Advertising" }, { "id": "1807154", "score": "1.4844344", "text": "the Alberto VO5 brand in the United States and Puerto Rico, and the Rave brand globally, to Brynwood Partners VI L.P. In October 2011, it was announced that Unilever had agreed to acquire 82% of the Russia-based beauty company Kalina. In December 2012, it was announced that Unilever would phase out the use of microplastics in the form of microbeads in their personal care products by 2015. In January 2013, Unilever agreed to sell the Skippy peanut butter brand, together with related manufacturing facilities in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States and Weifang, Shandong, China, to Hormel Foods for approximately $700", "title": "Unilever" }, { "id": "3655355", "score": "1.4821839", "text": "cereal binder and usually contains some combination of flours and oatmeal. Some products may have a large container where most of the space is empty, leading the consumer to believe that the total amount of food is greater than it actually is. The words “Diet, low fat, sugar-free, healthy and good for you” are labels they may see every day and they associate these labels with products that will aid a healthy lifestyle. It seems advertisers are aware of their needs to live longer and live well so they are adapting their products in accordance with this. It is suggested", "title": "False advertising" } ]

[ "Winchester, Oliver Fisher", "Oliver F. Winchester", "oliver winchester", "oliver f winchester", "Oliver Winchester", "Oliver F Winchester", "Oliver Fisher Winchester", "winchester oliver fisher", "oliver fisher winchester" ]

[ { "id": "5051952", "score": "1.6026142", "text": "a key role in developing manufacture with interchangeable parts. Simeon North Simeon North (July 13, 1765 – August 25, 1852) was a Middletown, Connecticut, gun manufacturer, who developed one of America's first milling machines (possibly the very first) in 1818 and played an important role in the development of interchangeable parts manufacturing. North was born in Berlin, Connecticut, into a prosperous family able to provide all six sons with farms of their own. North was given a farm in Berlin, a gift that enabled him to marry Lucy Savage when he was only twenty-one years old; the couple would have", "title": "Simeon North" }, { "id": "12706143", "score": "1.5665184", "text": "April 11, 1821. However, there was no evidence these lawsuits influenced Shaw. Shaw went to Philadelphia in 1817 and filed for a patent on June 19, 1822 and surrendered it the Patent Office in 1829 to obtain a revised patent reissued on May 7, 1829. His patent was overturned by Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York in October 1829 and upheld in by the U.S. Supreme Court in January 1833. At some point prior to 1823 the U.S. Ordnance Department converted one of John Hall's breech-loading rifles to test Shaw's percussion caps and based on this, despite", "title": "Joshua Shaw" }, { "id": "9379007", "score": "1.5581661", "text": "legal difficulties. Although the Model 1892 made its debut after the closing of the American frontier, and the true \"Guns that Won the West\" were the earlier Models 1866 and 1873, nonetheless the '92 became an indelible icon of Western mythology through its use in hundreds of motion pictures and television shows, standing in for its older siblings. John Wayne famously carried Model 92s in dozens of films and owned several personally, some with the distinctive oversized \"loop\" lever. Other notable screen 92s were those of Chuck Connors in \"The Rifleman\" and Steve McQueen in \"Wanted: Dead or Alive. The", "title": "Winchester Model 1892" }, { "id": "3550603", "score": "1.5547363", "text": "in 1871 the two operated the company under their own names: Forehand & Wadsworth, until Forehand reorganized the company in 1890 as the Forehand Arms Company after Wadsworth's retirement. Ethan Allen's companies made a vast variety of firearms. Most recognized are the Allen & Thurber Pepper-box revolving pistol—known as the \"Gun that won the East\". This pistol was actually much more common that the early Patterson Arms revolvers made by Colt. Few records survive, so much is derived from the physical weapons still in existence and by extrapolating from advertisements, patent dates, etc. Pocket Rifle Allen's first firearm was the", "title": "Ethan Allen (armsmaker)" }, { "id": "12727653", "score": "1.5508683", "text": "(The J. Stevens Company, founded by former Wesson & Leavitt employee Stevens, was ultimately sold to New England Westinghouse Company in 1915 to produce military arms for World War I). The early inventor, although eventually crushed by the legal team of arms magnate Samuel Colt, had helped spur competition and drive technological improvements in the design of American pistols – guns later used in the Old West, the American Civil War and elsewhere, and the envy of the world's firearm manufacturers. Leavitt himself served in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia in 1847 as Captain of Company F, 10th Regiment, 6th Brigade", "title": "Daniel Leavitt" }, { "id": "7321050", "score": "1.5476339", "text": "John H. Hall (gunsmith) John Hancock Hall (January 4, 1781 – February 26, 1841) was the inventor of the M1819 Hall breech-loading rifle and a mass production innovator. Hall was born in 1781 in Portland, Maine. He worked in his father's tannery until setting up his own woodworking and boat building shop in 1810 where he tinkered with guns in his spare time. He had taken an interest in firearms during militia service and focused on increasing the rapidity of loading. On May 21, 1811, Hall patented a single shot, breech-loading rifle in collusion with Washington, D.C. architect Dr. William", "title": "John H. Hall (gunsmith)" }, { "id": "7653604", "score": "1.5466808", "text": "Side in Friendsville, PA, on June 2, 2012. The 4th Annual Uncle Dan Cup will be held at the Spring 2013 Southern Side By Side in Sanford, NC. April 26–27, 2013. Daniel Myron LeFever Daniel Myron Lefever (August 27, 1835 – October 29, 1906) was an American gun maker, popularly known as \"Uncle Dan Lefever\". He is best known as the inventor of the hammerless shotgun, first introduced in 1878. Born in Hopewell, New York, Uncle Dan Lefever's gunmaking career began as an apprentice in Canandaigua, New York in the early 1850s. He married Sarah Stead on June 10, 1857,", "title": "Daniel Myron LeFever" }, { "id": "10805756", "score": "1.5417213", "text": "Mont Storm (b. August 2, 1826), became an inventor whose first invention was patented on Feb. 4, 1851 for an \"Improved method of obtaining motive power\". He had at least 33 patents to his name, with most in firearms, but many other devices as well. In 1832, Jane's father ventured into land speculation, and was one of the founders of the Galveston Bay and Texas Land Company, and Jane and her brother Robert traveled to Texas, which was then still part of Mexico, to buy land. The next year, Jane, her father, her brother Robert and a company of German", "title": "Jane Cazneau" }, { "id": "5835820", "score": "1.5342166", "text": "regarded centerfire target and hunting rifle until 1890. Edward Maynard Edward Maynard (April 26, 1813 – May 4, 1891) was an American firearms inventor, most famous for his breechloading rifle design. Edward Maynard was born in Madison, New York, on April 26, 1813. In 1831 he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point but resigned after only a semester due to ill health and became a dentist in 1835. Maynard continued to practice dentistry for the rest of his life, becoming one of the most prominent dentists in the United States. Practicing in Baltimore and Washington, D.C. his", "title": "Edward Maynard" }, { "id": "4439854", "score": "1.5333514", "text": "the age of 19 in 1907 \"he became the only American to win both the US National High Power Rifle and Pistol championships in the same year.\" In 1914 during the Veracruz campaign in Mexico he drew the fire of three enemy snipers, thereby exposing their positions and then shot them at long range. He understood the powerful guns of a battleship as an extension of the law of ballistics and adapted his expertise to the new age of technology. When Admiral Lee engaged the Japanese Vice Admiral Nobutake Kondō's battleship on the evening of 14 November 1942 in the", "title": "Willis Augustus Lee" }, { "id": "17154553", "score": "1.529887", "text": "furnished the first batteries of cast-steel rifled guns made in the United States. He made other improvements in projectiles in 1861/2, and in 1864/5 built a shop for the manufacture of ordnance, but the close of the wars in the United States and South America caused it to be turned to other uses. He took out patents on dividers and calipers in 1867, a steam-generator in 1868, a sole sewing-machine in 1876, and a centering watchmaker's lathe on July 10, 1882. He subsequently engaged in the manufacture of watchmakers' tools, but soon retired from business, and took much interest in", "title": "Sylvanus Sawyer" }, { "id": "1001508", "score": "1.5283003", "text": "Stockton carefully avoided letting outsiders know that Ericsson was the primary inventor. Stockton attempted to claim as much credit for himself as possible, even designing a second gun to be mounted in \"Princeton\". Unfortunately, not understanding the design of the first gun (originally named \"The Orator\", renamed \"The Oregon\" by Stockton), the second gun was fatally flawed. When launched, \"Princeton\" was an enormous success. On October 20, 1843, she won a speed trial against the paddle steamer , until then considered the fastest steamer afloat. Unfortunately, during a firing demonstration of Stockton's gun, the breech ruptured, killing Secretary of State", "title": "John Ericsson" }, { "id": "16222175", "score": "1.5248909", "text": "time, and his numerous patents of improved processes show continued advance in the art practised by him. The first gun ever rifled in America was made at his works in 1834, and the first perfect bronze cannon was made at his foundry for the U. S. ordnance department, The mortar “Columbiad,” the largest gun of cast iron that had then been made in the United States, was cast under his personal supervision. Alger also devised numerous improvements in the construction of time fuses for bomb shells and grenades. In 1811 he patented a method of making cast-iron chilled rolls, and", "title": "Cyrus Alger" }, { "id": "13710389", "score": "1.5235789", "text": "such as the incursion by British frigate HMS \"Phaeton\" in 1808. Through the process of \"rangaku\" (the studying of Western science through the Dutch), airguns were developed by Kunitomo Ikkansai c. 1820–1830. From 1828, experiments were made with flintlock mechanisms. The Nagasaki samurai Takashima Shūhan (高島秋帆) started to import flintlock guns from the Netherlands known as \"Gewehr\" from the 1840s. He made the first modern Western military demonstration for the Tokugawa shogunate, in Tokumarugahara (north of Edo) on 27 June 1841. With the arrival of Commodore Perry in 1854 and the inescapable opening of the country to trade, rapid efforts", "title": "Firearms of Japan" }, { "id": "5051946", "score": "1.5226791", "text": "Simeon North Simeon North (July 13, 1765 – August 25, 1852) was a Middletown, Connecticut, gun manufacturer, who developed one of America's first milling machines (possibly the very first) in 1818 and played an important role in the development of interchangeable parts manufacturing. North was born in Berlin, Connecticut, into a prosperous family able to provide all six sons with farms of their own. North was given a farm in Berlin, a gift that enabled him to marry Lucy Savage when he was only twenty-one years old; the couple would have five sons and three daughters. In 1795 the Norths", "title": "Simeon North" }, { "id": "3550600", "score": "1.5194014", "text": "Ethan Allen (armsmaker) Ethan Allen (September 2, 1808 – January 7, 1871) was a major American arms maker from Massachusetts. He is unrelated to the revolutionary Ethan Allen. His first firearm, the \"Pocket Rifle\" was developed in 1836, and his first patent was granted in 1837. Allen began his career as a cutlery maker in Milford, Massachusetts in 1831. He gained the knowledge of metalworking and manufacturing processes by producing knives and shoemaking tools before moving his business to Grafton. While working on a cane gun for a doctor, Allen came up with the idea for an underhammer pocket rifle", "title": "Ethan Allen (armsmaker)" }, { "id": "9306888", "score": "1.5176094", "text": "the War of 1812, westward expansion of the American Frontier, and the American Civil War. William Henry opened his first gun factory in Lancaster in 1750. During the French and Indian war he was an armorer for the Braddock Campaign of 1755 and the Forbes Expedition of 1758. His son William Henry II established a small gunmaking shop in Christian Springs in 1778. He moved his operation to Jacobsburg in 1792. Soon he built an iron forge to provide the needed iron to manufacture the Henry Rifle at Jacobsburg. The War of 1812 lead to a greater need for the", "title": "Jacobsburg Environmental Education Center" }, { "id": "12727655", "score": "1.5133225", "text": "his firearm patents. Leavitt died at Chicopee, Massachusetts on July 27, 1859. Daniel Leavitt Daniel Leavitt (November 16, 1813 – July 27, 1859) was an early American inventor who, with his partner Edwin Wesson, patented the first revolver after Samuel Colt's, and subsequently manufactured one of the first American revolving pistols. The innovative design was manufactured only briefly before a patent suit by Colt forced the company to stop producing the Leavitt & Wesson Dragoon revolver. But Leavitt's early patents, and those of his partner Wesson, stoked competition and helped drive the technological and manufacturing boom that produced the modern", "title": "Daniel Leavitt" }, { "id": "8014374", "score": "1.5091217", "text": "In 1865, control of the gunsmith company was inherited by Westley Richards, who was the eldest son of the founder. Richards carried on in a similar vein to his father, innovating various guns and registering patents. In 1862, he was responsible for the innovation of the fastening system used on some rifles. His innovations with rifles continued for the next decade, creating the falling block rifle in 1868 and a solid drawn metallic cartridge case. John Deeley took over the commercial side of the company, with the aim to expand the business from 1871 onwards. These expansions were mainly focused", "title": "Westley Richards" }, { "id": "1315617", "score": "1.5080298", "text": "John Browning John Moses Browning (January 23, 1855 – November 26, 1926) , native of Ogden, Utah, was an American firearms designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms many of which are still in use around the world. He made his first firearm at age 10 in his father's gun shop, and was awarded the first of his 128 firearm patents on October 7, 1879, at the age of 24. He is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 19th and 20th centuries, and pioneered the development of modern", "title": "John Browning" } ]

[ "Antarctic Desert, Arctic, Sahara, Arabian, Gobi", "antarctic desert arctic sahara arabian gobi" ]

[ { "id": "12367887", "score": "1.8177183", "text": "Desert A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life. The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation. About one-third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid. This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or \"cold deserts\". Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls, by the temperature that prevails, by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location.", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": "12367895", "score": "1.8077278", "text": "by water from outside the area. Deserts generally receive less than of precipitation each year. The potential evapotranspiration may be large but (in the absence of available water) the actual evapotranspiration may be close to zero. Semideserts are regions which receive between and when clad in grass, these are known as steppes. Deserts have been defined and classified in a number of ways, generally combining total precipitation, number of days on which this falls, temperature, and humidity, and sometimes additional factors. For example, Phoenix, Arizona, receives less than of precipitation per year, and is immediately recognized as being located in", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": "12367905", "score": "1.8052199", "text": "Sahara. In 1961, Peveril Meigs divided desert regions on Earth into three categories according to the amount of precipitation they received. In this now widely accepted system, extremely arid lands have at least twelve consecutive months without precipitation, arid lands have less than 250 mm (10 in) of annual precipitation, and semiarid lands have a mean annual precipitation of between 250 and 500 mm (10–20 in). Both extremely arid and arid lands are considered to be deserts while semiarid lands are generally referred to as steppes when they are grasslands. Deserts are also classified, according to their geographical location and", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": "12381895", "score": "1.8013508", "text": "Deserts are defined as areas with an average annual precipitation of less than per year, or as areas where more water is lost by evapotranspiration than falls as precipitation. The northern half of Africa is occupied by the world's most extensive hot, dry region, the Sahara Desert. Some deserts are also occupying much of southern Africa : the Namib and the Kalahari. Across Asia, a large annual rainfall minimum, composed primarily of deserts, stretches from the Gobi Desert in Mongolia west-southwest through western Pakistan (Balochistan) and Iran into the Arabian Desert in Saudi Arabia. Most of Australia is semi-arid or", "title": "Rain" }, { "id": "12367896", "score": "1.7613876", "text": "a desert because of its aridity-adapted plants. The North Slope of Alaska's Brooks Range also receives less than of precipitation per year and is often classified as a cold desert. Other regions of the world have cold deserts, including areas of the Himalayas and other high-altitude areas in other parts of the world. Polar deserts cover much of the ice-free areas of the Arctic and Antarctic. A non-technical definition is that deserts are those parts of the Earth's surface that have insufficient vegetation cover to support a human population. Potential evapotranspiration supplements the measurement of precipitation in providing a scientific", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Sahara\n\nThe Sahara (, ) is a desert on the African continent. With an area of , it is the largest hot desert in the world and the third-largest desert overall, smaller only than the deserts of Antarctica and the northern Arctic.\n\nThe name \"Sahara\" is derived from the Arabic word for \"desert\" in the feminine irregular form, the singular ( ), plural ( ), (), (), ().\n\nThe desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and the Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan region of sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions, including the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.\n\nFor several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 20,000-year cycle caused by the precession of Earth's axis as it rotates around the Sun, which changes the location of the North African monsoon.", "title": "Sahara" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Atacama Desert\n\nThe Atacama Desert () is a desert plateau in South America covering a 1,600 km (990 mi) strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes Mountains. The Atacama Desert is the driest nonpolar desert in the world, and the second driest overall, just behind some very specific spots within the McMurdo Dry Valleys as well as the only hot true desert to receive less precipitation than the polar deserts, and the largest fog desert in the world. Both regions have been used as experimentation sites on Earth for Mars expedition simulations. The Atacama Desert occupies , or if the barren lower slopes of the Andes are included. Most of the desert is composed of stony terrain, salt lakes (\"salares\"), sand, and felsic lava that flows towards the Andes.\n\nThe desert owes its extreme aridity to a constant temperature inversion due to the cool north-flowing Humboldt ocean current and to the presence of the strong Pacific anticyclone. The most arid region of the Atacama Desert is situated between two mountain chains (the Andes and the Chilean Coast Range) of sufficient height to prevent moisture advection from either the Pacific or the Atlantic Ocean, a two-sided rain shadow.\n\nDespite modern views of the Atacama Desert as fully devoid of vegetation, in pre-Columbian and colonial times a large flatland area there known as Pampa del Tamarugal was a woodland, but demand for firewood associated with silver and saltpeter mining in the 18th and 19th centuries resulted in widespread deforestation.", "title": "Atacama Desert" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Deserts of Australia\n\nThe deserts of Australia or the Australian deserts cover about , or 18% of the Australian mainland, but about 35% of the Australian continent receives so little rain, it is practically desert. Collectively known as the Great Australian desert, they are primarily distributed throughout the Western Plateau and interior lowlands of the country, covering areas from South West Queensland, Far West region of New South Wales, Sunraysia in Victoria and Spencer Gulf in South Australia to the Barkly Tableland in Northern Territory and the Kimberley region in Western Australia. \n\nBy international standards, the Great Australian desert receives relatively high rates of rainfall or around on average, but due to the high evapotranspiration it would be correspondingly arid. No weather station situated in an arid region records less than of average annual rainfall. The deserts in the interior and south lack any significant summer rains. The desert in western Australia is well explained by the little evaporation of the cold sea current of the West Australian Current, of polar origin, which prevents significant rainfall in the interior of the continent. with the least fertile soils. \n\nIn addition to being mostly uninhabited, the Great Australian Desert is diverse, where it consists of semi-desert grassy or mountainous landscapes, xeric shrubs, salt pans, gibber (stony) deserts, red sand dunes, sandstone mesas, rocky plains, open tree savannahs and bushland with a few rivers and salt lakes, which are mostly seasonally dry and often have no outflow in the east. The 3 million km² desert is among the least modified in the world. The Australian desert has the largest population of feral camels in the world.", "title": "Deserts of Australia" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Rain shadow\n\nA rain shadow is an area of significantly reduced rainfall behind a mountainous region, on the side facing away from prevailing winds, known as its leeward side.\n\nEvaporated moisture from water bodies (such as oceans and large lakes) is carried by the prevailing onshore breezes towards the drier and hotter inland areas. When encountering elevated landforms, the moist air is driven upslope towards the peak, where it expands, cools, and its moisture condenses and starts to precipitate. If the landforms are tall and wide enough, most of the humidity will be lost to precipitation over the windward side (also known as the \"rainward\" side) before ever making it past the top. As the air descends the leeward side of the landforms, it is compressed and heated, producing foehn winds that \"absorb\" moisture downslope and cast a broad \"shadow\" of dry climate region behind the mountain crests. This climate typically takes the form of shrub–steppe, xeric shrublands or even deserts.\n\nThe condition exists because warm moist air rises by orographic lifting to the top of a mountain range. As atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude, the air has expanded and adiabatically cooled to the point that the air reaches its adiabatic dew point (which is not the same as its constant pressure dew point commonly reported in weather forecasts). At the adiabatic dew point, moisture condenses onto the mountain and it precipitates on the top and windward sides of the mountain. The air descends on the leeward side, but due to the precipitation it has lost much of its moisture. Typically, descending air also gets warmer because of adiabatic compression (as with foehn winds) down the leeward side of the mountain, which increases the amount of moisture that it can absorb and creates an arid region.", "title": "Rain shadow" }, { "id": "3541845", "score": "1.7433268", "text": "largely closed canopy, provide extensive and nearly continuous shade are referred to as forest. Savanna is a grassland ecosystem characterized by the trees being sufficiently small or widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of C4 grasses. Desert is a landscape or region that receives an extremely low amount of precipitation, defined as areas with an average annual precipitation of less than per year, or as areas where more water is lost by evapotranspiration than falls as precipitation. In the", "title": "Rangeland" }, { "id": "74818", "score": "1.7417253", "text": "desert is a landscape form or region that receives very little precipitation. Deserts usually have a large diurnal and seasonal temperature range, with high or low, depending on location daytime temperatures (in summer up to ), and low nighttime temperatures (in winter down to ) due to extremely low humidity. Many deserts are formed by rain shadows, as mountains block the path of moisture and precipitation to the desert. Devised by the American climatologist and geographer C. W. Thornthwaite, this climate classification method monitors the soil water budget using evapotranspiration. It monitors the portion of total precipitation used to nourish", "title": "Climate" }, { "id": "12367898", "score": "1.6949881", "text": "eight times more water could evaporate from the region than actually falls as rain. Rates of evapotranspiration in cold regions such as Alaska are much lower because of the lack of heat to aid in the evaporation process. Deserts are sometimes classified as \"hot\" or \"cold\", \"semiarid\" or \"coastal\". The characteristics of hot deserts include high temperatures in summer; greater evaporation than precipitation usually exacerbated by high temperatures, strong winds and lack of cloud cover; considerable variation in the occurrence of precipitation, its intensity and distribution; and low humidity. Winter temperatures vary considerably between different deserts and are often related", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": "12367894", "score": "1.6907735", "text": "to aridity; but today the word is most often used in its climate-science sense (an area of low precipitation). Phrases such as \"desert island\" and \"Great American Desert\", or Shakespeare's \"deserts of Bohemia\" (\"The Winter's Tale\") in previous centuries did not necessarily imply sand or aridity; their focus was the sparse population. A desert is a region of land that is very dry because it receives low amounts of precipitation (usually in the form of rain, but it may be snow, mist or fog), often has little coverage by plants, and in which streams dry up unless they are supplied", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": "12367920", "score": "1.6898748", "text": "be salt-covered flats. Eolian processes are major factors in shaping desert landscapes. Polar deserts (also seen as \"cold deserts\") have similar features, except the main form of precipitation is snow rather than rain. Antarctica is the world's largest cold desert (composed of about 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren rock). Some of the barren rock is to be found in the so-called Dry Valleys of Antarctica that almost never get snow, which can have ice-encrusted saline lakes that suggest evaporation far greater than the rare snowfall due to the strong katabatic winds that even evaporate ice. Deserts, both", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": "12367901", "score": "1.6864038", "text": "on some major peninsulas. Based on precipitation alone, hyperarid deserts receive less than of rainfall a year; they have no annual seasonal cycle of precipitation and experience twelve-month periods with no rainfall at all. Arid deserts receive between in a year and semiarid deserts between . However, such factors as the temperature, humidity, rate of evaporation and evapotranspiration, and the moisture storage capacity of the ground have a marked effect on the degree of aridity and the plant and animal life that can be sustained. Rain falling in the cold season may be more effective at promoting plant growth, and", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": "12454385", "score": "1.6849248", "text": "drying effect is responsible for creating the Great Basin Desert. The desert region of California is characterized by low rainfall, caused by the rain shadow of mountain ranges to the west of the desert region. The Mojave Desert receives between of rain per year, while the Colorado Desert receives between . The driest spot in California is Death Valley, which averages of precipitation per year. The soils of California deserts also tends to be alkaline, which adds to the stress of drought on plants. The Mojave Desert is considered a high desert, because elevations can range up to . The", "title": "Deserts of California" }, { "id": "5065483", "score": "1.6804146", "text": "10 °C to 38 °C. Coastal deserts are cooler than hot and semiarid deserts, with average summer temperatures between 13 °C and 24 °C. They also feature higher total rainfall values. Cold deserts are similar in temperature to coastal deserts, however they receive more annual precipitation, which much of it in the form of snow. Deserts are most notable for their dry climates resulting from rain-blocking mountain ranges and remoteness from oceanic moisture. Deserts occupy one-fifth of the Earth's land surface and occur in two belts: between 15° and 35° latitude in both the southern and northern hemispheres. These bands", "title": "Desert ecology" }, { "id": "12370275", "score": "1.6743594", "text": "Africa. It rains irregularly between August and October, with frequent brief heavy downpours. A \"desert\" is usually defined as terrain that receives less than of annual rainfall. Sal's total of () confirms this classification. Most of the year's rain falls in September. Sal, Boa Vista and Maio have a flat landscape and arid climate, the remaining ones are generally rockier and have more vegetation. Because of the infrequent occurrence of rainfall the landscape is arid. The archipelago can be divided into four broad ecological zones — arid, semiarid, subhumid and humid, according to altitude and average annual rainfall ranging from", "title": "Cape Verde" }, { "id": "1458797", "score": "1.6608938", "text": "Desert climate The desert climate (in the Köppen climate classification \"BWh\" and \"BWk\"), also known as an arid climate, is a climate in which there is a excess of evaporation over precipitation. The often bald, rocky or sandsurfaces of arid climates evaporate the scanty precipitation, so that water is too low to sustain little, if any vegetation at all. No part of Earth is known for certain to be absolutely rainless, although in Arica in northern Chile, the average annual rainfall over a period of 17 years was only 5 mm (0.2 in.). Some locations in the Sahara Desert such", "title": "Desert climate" }, { "id": "1622048", "score": "1.6568314", "text": "Deserts and xeric shrublands Deserts and xeric shrublands are a habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature.. Deserts and xeric shrublands form the largest terrestrial biome, covering 19% of Earth's land surface area. Ecoregions in this habitat type vary greatly in the amount of annual rainfall they receive, usually less than annually. Generally evaporation exceeds rainfall in these ecoregions. Temperature variability is also extremely diverse in these remarkable lands. Many deserts, such as the Sahara, are hot year-round but others, such as Asia's Gobi, become quite cold in winter. Temperature extremes are a characteristic of most deserts.", "title": "Deserts and xeric shrublands" }, { "id": "12367899", "score": "1.6420308", "text": "to the location of the desert on the continental landmass and the latitude. Daily variations in temperature can be as great as or more, with heat loss by radiation at night being increased by the clear skies. Cold deserts, sometimes known as temperate deserts, occur at higher latitudes than hot deserts, and the aridity is caused by the dryness of the air. Some cold deserts are far from the ocean and others are separated by mountain ranges from the sea, and in both cases, there is insufficient moisture in the air to cause much precipitation. The largest of these deserts", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": "1458798", "score": "1.6350775", "text": "as Kufra, Libya record only .86 mm (0.03 inches) of rainfall annually. The official weather station in Death Valley, United States reports only 60 mm (2.3 inches) annually, and in one period between 1931 and 1934 (40 months) only 16 mm (0.64 inches) of rainfall was measured. Most desert and arid climates receive between 25 and 200 mm (1 to 8 inches) of rainfall annually. and in some years experience no precipitation at all. There are two variations of a desert climate: a hot desert climate (\"BWh\"), and a cold desert climate (\"BWk\"). Furthermore, to delineate \"hot desert climates\" from", "title": "Desert climate" }, { "id": "12367921", "score": "1.6313751", "text": "hot and cold, play a part in moderating the Earth's temperature. This is because they reflect more of the incoming light and their albedo is higher than that of forests or the sea. Many people think of deserts as consisting of extensive areas of billowing sand dunes because that is the way they are often depicted on TV and in films, but deserts do not always look like this. Across the world, around 20% of desert is sand, varying from only 2% in North America to 30% in Australia and over 45% in Central Asia. Where sand does occur, it", "title": "Desert" }, { "id": "12454384", "score": "1.6282139", "text": "Sonoran/Colorado Desert in California includes the colloquially-defined Low Desert region. The Great Basin Desert is the only \"cold\" desert in the country, where most precipitation falls in the form of snow. The Great Basin Desert exists because of the \"rainshadow effect\" created by the Sierra Nevada of eastern California. When prevailing winds from the Pacific Ocean rise to go over the Sierra, the air cools and loses most of its moisture as rain. By the time the winds cross over the mountains and sweep down the far side, they are very dry and absorb moisture from the surrounding area. This", "title": "Deserts of California" } ]

[ "roaming gnome", "easy sabre", "Eaasy SABRE", "Travelocity Business", "Travelocity", "Easy Sabre", "Travelocity.com", "travelocity business", "Easy Saabre", "Easy SAABRE", "travelocity", "Easy SABRE", "AllHotels", "eaasy sabre", "travelosity", "allhotels", "Travelosity", "saabre", "travelocity com", "The roaming gnome", "easy saabre", "Eaasy Sabre", "Saabre", "SAABRE" ]

[ { "id": "2826127", "score": "1.892098", "text": "has become the \"de facto\" mascot of Travelocity. In 2005 the campaign won a Gold Effie Award for marketing. In order to leverage the then new social media trend, Travelocity created an official page for the Roaming Gnome on MySpace in 2007 and later on Chatroulette, Twitter and Instagram. After TV advertisements voiced by Harry Enfield were screened nationally on United States networks, and on a Web site \"whereismygnome.com\", many readers considered it to be a prank of the Garden Gnome Liberation Front. As the series progressed, new commercials were aired with updated tag lines, You’ll Never Roam Alone, Go", "title": "Where Is My Gnome?" }, { "id": "2826128", "score": "1.8876642", "text": "and Smell the Roses and Wander Wisely. For the Wander Wisely campaign, Travelocity hired a new advertising agency, Campbell-Ewald, to feature the company as a trusted travel source. The gnome remains in the commercials; however, he is no longer held against his will, but now works as \"The Roaming Gnome: Denouncer of Travel Myths.\" In these commercials he discusses two myths, one where the gnome states that Travelocity's services are able to denounce the myth, and the other where the gnome ends up causing a mess. In one such commercial, he visits the Bermuda Triangle to see if things really", "title": "Where Is My Gnome?" }, { "id": "2826126", "score": "1.7056358", "text": "Where Is My Gnome? Where is my Gnome? was a series of viral marketing advertisements used by Travelocity in early 2004 created by the creative agency McKinney. Its mascot, a two foot tall bearded gnome wearing a blue coat, black boots and a red conical hat, is known as \"the Roaming Gnome\". The advertisements consisted of a man named Bill looking for his garden gnome. On January 3, the \"Boston Herald\" and the \"Boston Globe\" had these advertisements on their publication. The advertisements were inspired by the travelling gnome prank. Since the initiation of the advertising campaign, the Roaming Gnome", "title": "Where Is My Gnome?" }, { "id": "2052357", "score": "1.6707292", "text": "appointed to senior management positions at Travelocity including Jeffrey Glueck (Chief Marketing Officer), Tracey Weber (President, North America), Josh Hartmann (Chief Technology Officer) and Jonathan Perkel (Senior Vice President and General Counsel). In 2004, Travelocity introduced an advertising campaign known as \"Where Is My Gnome?\". In 2005, Travelocity acquired lastminute.com for £577 million. The acquisition included allhotels.com, which was founded in 1997 by Richard Irwin, acquired by Online Travel Corporation (OTC) in 2002 for £1.4 million, and later acquired by lastminute.com in 2004. In January 2009, CEO Michelle Peluso announced her resignation and was replaced by Sabre executive Hugh Jones.", "title": "Travelocity" }, { "id": "2052360", "score": "1.5953009", "text": "December 2015, Travelocity relaunched its Travel for Good program that offers a $5,000 grant for a selected volunteer to participate in volunteer travel programs with various nonprofit organizations, including Habitat for Humanity, Globe Aware, and the American Hiking Society. In February 2016, Travelocity launched its new Wander Wisely advertising campaign featuring the Roaming Gnome and the Travelocity Customer First Guarantee. The tagline was also changed from \"Go and Smell the Roses\" to \"Wander Wisely.\" In July 2012, the U.S. Department of Transportation fined Travelocity $180,000 after discovering that Travelocity's “flexible dates tool” did not always include fuel surcharges that were", "title": "Travelocity" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Where Is My Gnome?\n\nWhere is my Gnome? was a type of viral marketing advertising used by Travelocity in early 2004 created by creative agency McKinney. Its mascot, a two foot tall bearded gnome wearing a blue coat, black boots and a red conical hat, is known as \"the Roaming Gnome\".", "title": "Where Is My Gnome?" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "The Amazing Race (American TV series)\n\nThe Amazing Race is an American adventure reality game show in which 11 or 12 teams of two race around the world (except the Family edition which featured 10 teams of four and was contested entirely within North and Central America). The race is split into legs, with each leg requiring teams to deduce clues, navigate themselves in foreign areas, interact with locals, perform physical and mental challenges, and travel by airplane, boat, taxi, and other public transportation options on a limited budget provided by the show. Teams are progressively eliminated at the end of most legs, while the first team to arrive at the end of the final leg wins the grand prize of . As the original version of the \"Amazing Race\" franchise, the CBS program has been running since September 5, 2001. Numerous international versions have been developed following the same core structure, while the American version is also broadcast to several other countries.\n\nThe show was created by Elise Doganieri and Bertram van Munster, who, along with Jonathan Littman, serve as executive producers. The show is produced by Earthview Inc. (headed by Doganieri and van Munster), Jerry Bruckheimer Television for CBS Studios and ABC Signature (divisions of Paramount Global and The Walt Disney Company, respectively). The series has been hosted by veteran New Zealand television personality Phil Keoghan since its inception.\n\nSince the inception of the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program in 2003, \"The Amazing Race\" has won it ten out of nineteen times; the show has also won other awards and commendations. Although it has moved around several prime time slots since its inception, the program has averaged about 10 million viewers per season.\n\nIn March 2022, the series was renewed for a 34th season which premiered on September 21, 2022.", "title": "The Amazing Race (American TV series)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Amélie" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of American advertising characters\n\nThis is a list of notable nationally exposed mascots and characters created specifically for advertising purposes, listed alphabetically by the product they represent.\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of American advertising characters" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "George Harrison" }, { "id": "2826130", "score": "1.5598631", "text": "lawn gnome has gone missing. In the mail, he receives pictures of the gnome in exotic landmark locations. The original campaign was invented by Lisa Shimotakahara and Philip Marchington of McKinney & Silver, an advertising agency in Durham, North Carolina. The tagline, \"You'll never roam alone\", was written by John Guynn, a copywriter at the same agency. Avant Garde Studio, with lead artists, Amy Medford and Leonid Siveriver, worked with Philip Marchington to design and create the unique look of the Roaming Gnome. Avant Garde Studio is also responsible for sculpting and painting the original 3D sculpture prototypes. Where Is", "title": "Where Is My Gnome?" }, { "id": "6891123", "score": "1.5433776", "text": "Travelling gnome The travelling gnome (also known as the roaming gnome or gnoming) is when someone brings a garden gnome lawn ornament on a trip and takes pictures of it in front of famous landmarks. Some instances became national and international news stories, where people have stolen a garden gnome from a garden, and then sent the owner photos of the gnome for a period of time as a practical joke, before returning it. The Garden Gnome Liberation Front in France is a community that considers gnoming to be stealing garden gnomes from other people's property, without the intention of", "title": "Travelling gnome" }, { "id": "12415545", "score": "1.5083721", "text": "as a part of the larger Seattle Geek Week event. Commercial sponsors included American Public Media, Atlas Networks, Banyan Branch, the Bellevue Business Journal, BlogWorld, Deploy Day, EventBrite, GirlsInTech, GoDaddy, Griffin Technologies, Hotel Max, Hover, IAmEastSide, the Issaquah Press, Jones Soda Company, Mashable, Microsoft, the Modern Media Man Summit, Parallels Holdings, PCC Natural Markets, Pipeline Deals, Pooper Trooper, PopChips, Privacy Identity Innovation, the Public Insight Network, RaceVision, RealNetworks, ReveNews, Seagate, Seattle Net Tuesday, SeattleWineGal, SmartCup, Social Media Club Seattle, SuperAntiSpyware, Swedish Medical Center, UStream.TV, Washington Technology Industry Association, WeatherBug, Yelp and Zing Bars. The tenth Gnomedex conference had a similar", "title": "Gnomedex" }, { "id": "17276048", "score": "1.5004557", "text": "branded content,native advertising,and an interactive game-changing, digital InteracTV. This links major brands with consumers directly through their own digital outlets. Citybuzz became the first in-hotel TV network, which grew to include mobile Wi-fi screens in subways, taxis, in-flight and online and traditional broadcast radio and TV, as a home for branded content. In addition, her firm creates video solutions for clients including Disney, Johnson & Johnson, AARP, LVMH, Donna Karan, Nintendo and General Motors. VIDICOM's website, [videopump.tv] is a video market place for bloggers and journalists to download branded videos to fulfill their editorial needs. She has been sued repeatedly", "title": "Christy Ferer" }, { "id": "6891133", "score": "1.4984509", "text": "photographs that they can share with friends. Travelling gnome The travelling gnome (also known as the roaming gnome or gnoming) is when someone brings a garden gnome lawn ornament on a trip and takes pictures of it in front of famous landmarks. Some instances became national and international news stories, where people have stolen a garden gnome from a garden, and then sent the owner photos of the gnome for a period of time as a practical joke, before returning it. The Garden Gnome Liberation Front in France is a community that considers gnoming to be stealing garden gnomes from", "title": "Travelling gnome" }, { "id": "2826129", "score": "1.4912308", "text": "do disappear there, denouncing the myth even as objects disappear behind him until he also vanishes mid-sentence. In 2006, a major promotion involved 20 Travelocity gnomes carefully hidden throughout the atrium of Gaylord Palms Resort & Convention Center in Kissimmee, Florida. During the resort's Best of Florida Christmas promotion, guests were encouraged to find the gnomes to win a cruise to Alaska. The concept of the roaming gnome and his international escapades dates back to the traveling gnome prank that began in the 1980s, later reflected in the 2001 French film \"Amélie\". In the film, Amelie's father finds that his", "title": "Where Is My Gnome?" }, { "id": "6891131", "score": "1.4850985", "text": "France. The travelling gnome prank was popularized by the film \"Amélie\" (2001) in which the main character persuaded her father to follow his dream of touring the world by stealing his garden gnome and having an air hostess friend send pictures of it from all over the world. The traveling gnome theme later became the basis for Travelocity's \"Where is my Gnome?\" advertising campaign. The short fantasy story \"The Garden Gnome Freedom Front\" (2005) by Laura Frankos, published in \"\", deals with the supernatural aspect of this custom. The travelling gnome has appeared in several video games. For example, it", "title": "Travelling gnome" }, { "id": "10838808", "score": "1.4838009", "text": "Sky Gnome The Sky Gnome was a device from British Sky Broadcasting launched under their Sky Digital brand. It allowed users to listen to radio channels and digital television from around the house. The Sky Gnome was released in September 2005 and was available until mid-2007 with a retail price of GBP 75. Although Sky no longer markets the 'Gnome', it is still possible to use existing units. Until recent times, the website was available to use, but now it shows the message: \"I'm Gone,\", as well as the manufacturer's website (though that is covered with a simple domain holding", "title": "Sky Gnome" }, { "id": "19755820", "score": "1.4581212", "text": "that stream online and via Roku and AppleTV devices. 495 Communications 495 Communications is an advertising and content marketing company based in New York City and Santa Monica. The New York-based editorial team produces original travel-related editorial and video content under the company's Travel Savvy brand, which was formerly a newsstand magazine title owned by Sidney Frank. The company's West Coast division manages programmatic digital and video advertising. 495 Communications also owns and operates an HTML5 video player named SavvyGo and a Quality Exchange platform, 495 Qex. Founded as a print magazine by Adam Rodriguez and Jake Porter in September", "title": "495 Communications" }, { "id": "15098697", "score": "1.4528115", "text": "top 50 online influencers in travel. In 2008, leaving behind a corporate career in the software industry, Hayes launched the first \"travel lifestyle magazine\" called Sharing Travel Experiences. At the same time he launched a travel marketing consultancy, Travel Online Partners. There he co-authored a book with Kelly Erickson called \"Why Your Website Sucks\", currently the only guide to usability testing available for tourism organizations. In the fall of 2009, he published the print guide, Historic Walking to Guide to Edinburgh. which was later released in a mobile format onto the iPhone. Hayes now runs a network of businesses under", "title": "Andy Hayes" }, { "id": "12415544", "score": "1.45022", "text": "held from Friday, August 21, 2009 to Saturday, August 22, 2009. Commercial sponsors included Amazon.Com, BlogWorld, C-K Graphics, Comcast, CNN.COM, Digital River, ESET, Griffin, Hawaiian Airlines, Hewlett-Packard, ICanHasCheezBurger, Ipswitch Software, Jinx, Leatherback Printing, Mashable, Microsoft, nPost, PC Pitstop, PCC Natural Markets, PhotoJoJo, Picnik, Ping.fm, ReadWriteWeb, RealNetworks, Seesmic, Shozu, Starbucks, ThrowBoy, Ustream.TV and WeatherBug. Organizational sponsors included BBJ, BrighterPlanet, the Greater Seattle Chamber of Commerce, Heifer International, Puget Sound Blood Center and Social Media Club Seattle. Speakers: Gnomedex 10 was held August 19 through August 21, 2010, in Seattle, Washington at the Bell Harbor Conference Center and shared registration with pii2010", "title": "Gnomedex" }, { "id": "18132503", "score": "1.4495916", "text": "(RT's documentary channel), CYRT Cyprus, Euronews, Airirang TV in South Korea, Aeroflot's long haul in flight service and the Sapsan train networks. As a travel, culture and social issue expert, Andrews is used by press and media all over the world. He has appeared as a panel member on various TV shows, compared business conferences, appeared as a guest speaker at numerous travel events, presented hotel corporate videos, voiced documentaries, idents and adverts and has been master of ceremonies at dozens of live corporate and private events. As a print journalist he has had dozens of articles published featuring freelance", "title": "Martyn Andrews" }, { "id": "6891126", "score": "1.4427032", "text": "took a garden gnome, dubbed \"Gnome Severson\" in news, from a property in Redmond, Washington, U.S. and brought it on a roadtrip to California and Nevada. Gnome Severson became a national news story after the group ran into socialite Paris Hilton at a gas station, who posed for a picture with the gnome that was printed in \"People\" magazine. At the end of the week-long trip, the friends anonymously returned the gnome to its owner's front porch with a photo album titled \"Gnome’s Spring Break 2005\", which included the issue of \"People\" and other pictures of the gnome around Hollywood,", "title": "Travelling gnome" }, { "id": "12415541", "score": "1.4391346", "text": "live broadcast of the Gillmor Gang syndicated technology radio show. Sponsors included Microsoft, PayPal, Google, AMD, Yahoo! Search, DecisionCast, and ZDNet. IT Conversations produced podcasts of the sessions, which are still available online. The podcast of Steve Wozniak's keynote address is one of the all-time most popular audio programs in IT Conversations history. The published schedule was as follows: Gnomedex 5.0 was the first of the series to be held in Seattle, Washington at the Bell Harbor Convention Center. The conference took place from June 23–25, 2005. Notable presentations and activities included: Scheduled speakers and panels were: A sold-out crowd", "title": "Gnomedex" }, { "id": "6891132", "score": "1.4390979", "text": "has been used as a recurring Easter egg in \"The Sims\" computer game series, such as \"Sim City 3\" (1999) where different varieties of garden gnomes appear and move or change position daily and in \"Sim City 4\" (2004), in which gnomes reveals themselves in the game's buildable landmarks. In the video game, \"\" (2007), players receive a special achievement award for launching a garden gnome into outer space in a rocket after carrying it throughout most of the game. \"Gnonstop Gnomes\", a mobile app for Android and iOS devices, lets users attach clipart of virtual gnomes to their travel", "title": "Travelling gnome" } ]

[ "Cartilago", "Soft bone", "cartilage or cartilages", "cartilage diseases", "cartilege", "cartilage", "fibro cartilage", "Cartilage", "Chondric", "articular cartilage", "cartillage", "chondric", "cartilaginous", "Articular Cartilage", "Cartilege", "cartilago", "cartilage disorders", "cartilages", "Cartilage diseases", "soft bone", "chondral", "Fibro-cartilage", "elastic fibrocartilage", "Cartilaginous", "Cartilages", "Cartillage", "Chondral", "Cartilage disorders", "Elastic fibrocartilage", "Cartilage or Cartilages" ]

[ { "id": "9060895", "score": "1.6385384", "text": "Fibrous joint Fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen. These are fixed joints where bones are united by a layer of white fibrous tissue of varying thickness. In the skull the joints between the bones are called sutures. Such immovable joints are also referred to as synarthroses. Most fibrous joints are also called \"fixed\" or \"immovable\". These joints have no joint cavity and are connected via fibrous connective tissue. The skull bones are connected by fibrous joints called sutures. In fetal skulls the sutures are wide to allow slight movement during birth. They later become", "title": "Fibrous joint" }, { "id": "8912690", "score": "1.61063", "text": "Synchondrosis Where the connecting medium is hyaline cartilage, a cartilaginous joint is termed a synchondrosis. An example of a synchondrosis joint is the first sternocostal joint (where the first rib meets the manubrium). In this example, the rib articulates with the manubrium via the costal cartilage. (The rest of the sternocostal joints are synovial plane joints.) Sometimes, this is a temporary form of joint called epiphyseal growth plate, where the cartilage is converted into bone before adult life. Such joints are found between the epiphyses and diaphyses of long bones, between the occipital and the sphenoid, and for some years", "title": "Synchondrosis" }, { "id": "1755223", "score": "1.5838184", "text": "Connective tissue Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops from the mesoderm. Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system. In the central nervous system, the three outer membranes (the meninges) that envelop the brain and spinal cord are composed of connective tissue. They support and protect the body. All connective tissue consists of three main components: fibers (elastic and collagenous fibers), ground substance and cells. Not all authorities include blood or lymph as connective", "title": "Connective tissue" }, { "id": "3125352", "score": "1.5580573", "text": "to bones. The extra-cellular connective tissue between muscle fibers binds to tendons at the distal and proximal ends, and the tendon binds to the periosteum of individual bones at the muscle's origin and insertion. As muscles contract, tendons transmit the forces to the relatively rigid bones, pulling on them and causing movement. Tendons can stretch substantially, allowing them to function as springs during locomotion, thereby saving energy. Joints are structures that connect individual bones and may allow bones to move against each other to cause movement. There are three divisions of joints, diarthroses which allow extensive mobility between two or", "title": "Human musculoskeletal system" }, { "id": "9060903", "score": "1.544776", "text": "the tissue linking the structures is ligamentous. A gomphosis is a specialized fibrous joint in which a conical process or peg of one bone fits into a hole or socket in another bone. (gomphos is a Greek word meaning bolt). Small quantity of fibrous tissue holds the bones together. No movement is possible at such peg-and-socket joints. Fibrous joint Fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen. These are fixed joints where bones are united by a layer of white fibrous tissue of varying thickness. In the skull the joints between the bones are called sutures.", "title": "Fibrous joint" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Bone\n\nA bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility. Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have complex internal and external structures. They are lightweight yet strong and hard and serve multiple functions.\n\nBone tissue (osseous tissue), which is also called bone in the uncountable sense of that word, is hard tissue, a type of specialized connective tissue. It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity. Bone tissue is made up of different types of bone cells. Osteoblasts and osteocytes are involved in the formation and mineralization of bone; osteoclasts are involved in the resorption of bone tissue. Modified (flattened) osteoblasts become the lining cells that form a protective layer on the bone surface. The mineralized matrix of bone tissue has an organic component of mainly collagen called \"ossein\" and an inorganic component of bone mineral made up of various salts. Bone tissue is mineralized tissue of two types, cortical bone and cancellous bone. Other types of tissue found in bones include bone marrow, endosteum, periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage.\n\nIn the human body at birth, there are approximately 300 bones present; many of these fuse together during development, leaving a total of 206 separate bones in the adult, not counting numerous small sesamoid bones. The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone, and the smallest is the stapes in the middle ear.\n\nThe Greek word for bone is ὀστέον (\"osteon\"), hence the many terms that use it as a prefix—such as osteopathy. In anatomical terminology, including the Terminologia Anatomica international standard, the word for a bone is \"os\" (for example, os breve, os longum, os sesamoideum).", "title": "Bone" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cartilage\n\nCartilage is a resilient and smooth type of connective tissue. In tetrapods, it covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints as articular cartilage, and is a structural component of many body parts including the rib cage, the neck and the bronchial tubes, and the intervertebral discs. In other taxa, such as chondrichthyans, but also in cyclostomes, it may constitute a much greater proportion of the skeleton. It is not as hard and rigid as bone, but it is much stiffer and much less flexible than muscle. The matrix of cartilage is made up of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, collagen fibers and, sometimes, elastin.\n\nBecause of its rigidity, cartilage often serves the purpose of holding tubes open in the body. Examples include the rings of the trachea, such as the cricoid cartilage and carina.\n\nCartilage is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a large amount of collagenous extracellular matrix, abundant ground substance that is rich in proteoglycan and elastin fibers. Cartilage is classified in three types, \"elastic cartilage\", \"hyaline cartilage\" and \"fibrocartilage\", which differ in relative amounts of collagen and proteoglycan.\n\nCartilage does not contain blood vessels or nerves. Some fibrocartilage such as the meniscus of the knee does however have blood supply in part. Nutrition is supplied to the chondrocytes by diffusion. The compression of the articular cartilage or flexion of the elastic cartilage generates fluid flow, which assists the diffusion of nutrients to the chondrocytes. Compared to other connective tissues, cartilage has a very slow turnover of its extracellular matrix and is documented to repair at only a very slow rate relative to other tissues.", "title": "Cartilage" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Human musculoskeletal system\n\nThe human musculoskeletal system (also known as the human locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body.\nIt is made up of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal system's primary functions include supporting the body, allowing motion, and protecting vital organs. The skeletal portion of the system serves as the main storage system for calcium and phosphorus and contains critical components of the hematopoietic system.<ref name=merkvetpage/>\n\nThis system describes how bones are connected to other bones and muscle fibers via connective tissue such as tendons and ligaments. The bones provide stability to the body. Muscles keep bones in place and also play a role in the movement of bones. To allow motion, different bones are connected by joints. Cartilage prevents the bone ends from rubbing directly onto each other. Muscles contract to move the bone attached at the joint.\n\nThere are, however, diseases and disorders that may adversely affect the function and overall effectiveness of the system. These diseases can be difficult to diagnose due to the close relation of the musculoskeletal system to other internal systems. The musculoskeletal system refers to the system having its muscles attached to an internal skeletal system and is necessary for humans to move to a more favorable position. Complex issues and injuries involving the musculoskeletal system are usually handled by a physiatrist (specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation) or an orthopaedic surgeon.", "title": "Human musculoskeletal system" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Ehlers–Danlos syndromes\n\nEhlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of 13 genetic connective-tissue disorders in the current classification, with the latest type discovered in 2018. Complications may include aortic dissection, joint dislocations, scoliosis, chronic pain, or early osteoarthritis.<ref name=NIHGHR2016/><ref name=Law2005/>\nEDS occurs due to variations of more than 19 genes that are present at birth.<ref name=NIHGHR2016/> The specific gene affected determines the type of EDS.<ref name=NIHGHR2016/> Some cases result from a new variation occurring during early development, while others are inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive manner.<ref name=NIHGHR2016/> Typically, these variations result in defects in the structure or processing of the protein collagen.<ref name=NIHGHR2016/>\nDiagnosis is often based on symptoms and confirmed by genetic testing or skin biopsy,<ref name=Law2005/> but people may initially be misdiagnosed with hypochondriasis, depression, or chronic fatigue syndrome.<ref name=Law2005/>\nA cure is not yet known and treatment is supportive in nature. Some forms of EDS result in a normal life expectancy, but those that affect blood vessels generally decrease it.<ref name=Fer2016/>\nThe hypermobile type of EDS (hEDS) affects at least one in 5,000 people globally; other types occur at lower frequencies. The syndromes are named after two physicians, Edvard Ehlers and Henri-Alexandre Danlos, who described them at the turn of the 20th century.\nSection::::Types.\nIn 2017, 13 subtypes of EDS were classified using specific diagnostic criteria.", "title": "Ehlers–Danlos syndromes" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Hypermobility (joints)\n\nHypermobility, also known as double-jointedness, describes joints that stretch farther than normal. For example, some hypermobile people can bend their thumbs backwards to their wrists, bend their knee joints backwards, put their leg behind the head or perform other contortionist \"tricks\". It can affect one or more joints throughout the body.\n\nHypermobile joints are common and occur in about 10 to 25% of the population, but in a minority of people, pain and other symptoms are present. This may be a sign of what is known as joint hypermobility syndrome (JMS) or, more recently, hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD). Hypermobile joints are a feature of genetic connective tissue disorders such as hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) or Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS). Until new diagnostic criteria were introduced, hypermobility syndrome was sometimes considered identical to hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS), formerly called EDS Type 3. As no genetic test can distinguish the two conditions and because of the similarity of the diagnostic criteria and recommended treatments, many experts recommend they be recognized as the same condition until further research is undertaken.\n\nIn 2016 the diagnostic criteria for hEDS were re-written to be more restrictive, with the intent of narrowing the pool of hEDS patients in the hope of making it easier to identify a common genetic mutation, hEDS being the only EDS variant without a diagnostic DNA test. At the same time hypermobility spectrum disorder was renamed as hypermobility spectrum disorder and redefined as a hypermobility disorder that does not meet the diagnostic criteria for hEDS, other types of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, or other heritable Connective Tissue Disorder (such as Marfan's, Loeys-Dietz, or osteogenesis imperfecta).", "title": "Hypermobility (joints)" }, { "id": "236704", "score": "1.5291561", "text": "are periodontal ligament stem cells located near the periodontal ligament which are involved in the adult regeneration of periodontal ligament. The study of ligaments is known as (from Greek , \"desmos\", \"bond\"; and , \"-logia\"). \"Ligament\" most commonly refers to a band of dense regular connective tissue bundles made of collagenous fibers, with bundles protected by dense irregular connective tissue sheaths. Ligaments connect bones to other bones to form joints, while tendons connect bone to muscle. Some ligaments limit the mobility of articulations or prevent certain movements altogether. Capsular ligaments are part of the articular capsule that surrounds synovial joints.", "title": "Ligament" }, { "id": "11073088", "score": "1.5215267", "text": "Cartilaginous joint Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage (fibrocartilage or hyaline). Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. Cartilaginous joints also forms the growth regions of immature long bones and the intervertebral discs of the spinal column. Known as \"synchondrosis\". These bones are connected by hyaline cartilage and sometimes occur between ossification centers. This cartilage may ossify with age. Examples in humans are the \"growth plates\" between ossification centers in long bones. These joints here allow for only a little movement, such as in the spine or", "title": "Cartilaginous joint" }, { "id": "4178095", "score": "1.5173867", "text": "Endomysium The endomysium, meaning \"within the muscle\", is a wispy layer of areolar connective tissue that ensheaths each individual myocyte (muscle fiber, or muscle cell). It also contains capillaries and nerves. It overlies the muscle fiber's cell membrane: the sarcolemma. Endomysium is the deepest and smallest component of muscle connective tissue. This thin layer helps provide an appropriate chemical environment for the exchange of calcium, sodium, and potassium, which is essential for the excitation and subsequent contraction of a muscle fiber. Endomysium combines with perimysium and epimysium to create the collagen fibers of tendons, providing the tissue connection between muscles", "title": "Endomysium" }, { "id": "6248177", "score": "1.5157512", "text": "arranged in sheets. It is classified as either dense regular connective tissue or dense irregular connective tissue. Dense connective tissue Dense connective tissue, also called dense fibrous tissue, is a type of connective tissue with fibers as its main matrix element. The fibers are mainly composed of type I collagen. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that generate the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than", "title": "Dense connective tissue" }, { "id": "9060896", "score": "1.5088242", "text": "rigid (synarthrodial). Some of the long bones in the body such as the radius and ulna in the forearm are joined by a syndesmosis (along the interosseous membrane). Syndemoses are slightly moveable (amphiarthrodial). The distal tibiofibular joint is another example. A gomphosis is a joint between the root of a tooth and the socket in the maxilla or mandible (jawbones). A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull. The bones are bound together by Sharpey's fibres. A tiny amount of movement is permitted at sutures, which contributes to the compliance and elasticity of", "title": "Fibrous joint" }, { "id": "1292645", "score": "1.5058224", "text": "ornithischian dinosaurs, ossified axial muscle tendons form a latticework along the neural and haemal spines on the tail, presumably for support. Tendon A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. Tendons are similar to ligaments; both are made of collagen. Ligaments join one bone to bone, while tendons connect muscle to bone for a proper functioning of the body. Histologically, tendons consist of dense regular connective tissue fascicles encased in dense irregular connective tissue sheaths. Normal healthy tendons are composed mostly of parallel arrays", "title": "Tendon" }, { "id": "4146758", "score": "1.4966309", "text": "skin. It is also found in the mesentery which is surrounding the intestine. Loose connective tissue is named based on the \"weave\" and type of its constituent fibers. There are three main types: Areolar tissue ( or ) is a common type of loose connective tissue (and the most widely distributed type of connective tissue in vertebrates). It is so named because its fibers are far enough apart to leave ample open space for interstitial fluid in between (\"areola\" is Latin for a \"little open space\"). It is strong enough to bind different tissue types together, yet soft enough to", "title": "Loose connective tissue" }, { "id": "1755225", "score": "1.4956872", "text": "by the ratio of ground substance to fibrous tissue. Loose connective tissue has much more ground substance and a relative lack of fibrous tissue, while the reverse is true of dense connective tissue. Dense regular connective tissue, found in structures such as tendons and ligaments, is characterized by collagen fibers arranged in an orderly parallel fashion, giving it tensile strength in one direction. Dense irregular connective tissue provides strength in multiple directions by its dense bundles of fibers arranged in all directions. Special connective tissue consists of reticular connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood. Other kinds of connective", "title": "Connective tissue" }, { "id": "8912691", "score": "1.4953656", "text": "after birth, between the petrous portion of the temporal and the jugular process of the occipital bone. Synchondrosis Where the connecting medium is hyaline cartilage, a cartilaginous joint is termed a synchondrosis. An example of a synchondrosis joint is the first sternocostal joint (where the first rib meets the manubrium). In this example, the rib articulates with the manubrium via the costal cartilage. (The rest of the sternocostal joints are synovial plane joints.) Sometimes, this is a temporary form of joint called epiphyseal growth plate, where the cartilage is converted into bone before adult life. Such joints are found between", "title": "Synchondrosis" }, { "id": "1755229", "score": "1.4948643", "text": "cartilage and bone. Cells of the immune system, such as macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells and eosinophils are found scattered in loose connective tissue, providing the ground for starting inflammatory and immune responses upon the detection of antigens. There are many types of connective tissue disorders, such as: For microscopic viewing, most of the connective tissue staining-techniques, colour tissue fibers in contrasting shades. Collagen may be differentially stained by any of the following: Connective tissue Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. It develops from", "title": "Connective tissue" }, { "id": "236703", "score": "1.4943265", "text": "Ligament A ligament is the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones. It is also known as \"articular ligament\", \"articular larua\", \"fibrous ligament\", or \"true ligament\". Other ligaments in the body include the: Ligaments are similar to tendons and fasciae as they are all made of connective tissue. The differences in them are in the connections that they make: ligaments connect one bone to another bone, tendons connect muscle to bone, and fasciae connect muscles to other muscles. These are all found in the skeletal system of the human body. Ligaments cannot usually be regenerated naturally; however, there", "title": "Ligament" }, { "id": "17673351", "score": "1.4938834", "text": "the skeleton. Together, these fibrous layers, along with tendons and ligaments, constitute the deep fascia of the body. Movement is not limited to only synovial joints, although they allow for most freedom. Muscles also run over symphysis, which allow for movement in for example the vertebral column by compression of the intervertebral discs. Additionally, synovial joints can be divided into different types, depending on their axis of movement. A serous membrane (also referred to as a serosa) is a thin membrane that covers the walls of organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The serous membranes have two layers; \"parietal\"", "title": "Anatomical terminology" }, { "id": "1438870", "score": "1.4929352", "text": "Cartilage Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components. It is not as hard and rigid as bone, but it is much stiffer and much less flexible than muscle.The matrix of cartilage is made up of chondrin. Because of its rigidity, cartilage often serves the purpose of holding tubes open in the body. Examples include the rings of the trachea, such", "title": "Cartilage" }, { "id": "8980111", "score": "1.492034", "text": "Endosteum The endosteum (plural endostea) is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones. This endosteal surface is usually resorbed during long periods of malnutrition, resulting in less cortical thickness. The outer surface of a bone is lined by a thin layer of connective tissue that is very similar in morphology and function to endosteum. It is called the periosteum, or the periosteal surface. During bone growth, the width of the bone increases as osteoblasts lay new bone tissue at the periosteum. To prevent", "title": "Endosteum" }, { "id": "6248176", "score": "1.491853", "text": "Dense connective tissue Dense connective tissue, also called dense fibrous tissue, is a type of connective tissue with fibers as its main matrix element. The fibers are mainly composed of type I collagen. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that generate the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is", "title": "Dense connective tissue" } ]

[ "atlas book", "atlas cartography", "Atlas (book)", "Atlas the book", "Atlas", "atlas", "Atlases", "atlas geography", "atlases", "Atlas (geography)", "Atlas (cartography)", "The Atlases" ]

[ { "id": "714370", "score": "1.8006527", "text": "... greatly respected for his wide erudition, particularly in theology, and famous on account of his piety and respectability in life.\" In addition, on the base of the memorial, there is an epigram: \"To the reader: whoever you are, your fears that this small clod of earth lies heavily on the buried Mercator are groundless; the whole Earth is no burden for a man who had the whole weight of her lands on his shoulders and carried her as an Atlas.\" Following Mercator's death his family prepared the Atlas for publication—in four months. It was, after all, a hoped for", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": "714368", "score": "1.7962093", "text": "covering Italy, Greece and the Balkans. This volume has a noteworthy preface for it includes mention of Atlas as a mythical king of Mauretania. \"I have set this man Atlas,\" explained Mercator, \"so notable for his erudition, humaneness, and wisdom as a model for my imitation.\" A year later, Mercator had a stroke which left him greatly incapacitated. He struggled with the assistance of his family trying to complete the remaining maps, the ongoing theological publications and a new treatise on the Creation of the World. This last work, which he did succeed in finishing, was the climax of his", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": "714312", "score": "1.7788727", "text": "interests in theology, philosophy, history, mathematics and geomagnetism as well as being an accomplished engraver, calligrapher and maker of globes and scientific instruments. Unlike other great scholars of the age he travelled little and his knowledge of geography came from his library of over one thousand books and maps, from his visitors and from his vast correspondence (in six languages) with other scholars, statesmen, travellers, merchants and seamen. Mercator's early maps were in large formats suitable for wall mounting but in the second half of his life he produced over 100 new regional maps in a smaller format suitable for", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": "820082", "score": "1.7435684", "text": "He also put forth the idea of an earth-centered universe, an idea widely believed until the 1500s when Copernicus began to suggest that the earth and other planets in the solar system actually revolve around the sun (called the \"heliocentric\" (Sun-centered) theory). Gerardus Mercator, originally name Gerard De Cremer or simply Kremer(?) (born on March 5, 1512 in Rupelmonde, Flanders [now in Belgium]; died on December 2, 1594 in Duisburg, Duchy of Cleve [now in Germany]) was a cartographer famous for creating a heart-shaped representation of the earth (also called the \"Mercator projection\" of the earth) in response to a", "title": "Geographer" }, { "id": "714381", "score": "1.740185", "text": "The definitive work is \"Globi neerlandici: the production of globes in the Low Countries\" by Peter van der Krogt. Gerardus Mercator Gerardus Mercator (; 5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) was a 16th-century German-Flemish cartographer, geographer and cosmographer. He was renowned for creating the 1569 world map based on a new projection which represented sailing courses of constant bearing (rhumb lines) as straight lines—an innovation that is still employed in nautical charts. Mercator was one of the founders of the Netherlandish school of cartography and is widely considered as the most notable figure of the school in its golden", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Atlas (mythology)\n\nIn Greek mythology, Atlas (; , \"Átlas\") is a Titan condemned to hold up the heavens or sky for eternity after the Titanomachy. Atlas also plays a role in the myths of two of the greatest Greek heroes: Heracles (Hercules in Roman mythology) and Perseus. According to the ancient Greek poet Hesiod, Atlas stood at the ends of the earth in extreme west. Atlas was said to have been skilled in philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy. In antiquity, he was credited with inventing the first celestial sphere. In some texts, he is even credited with the invention of astronomy itself.<ref name=\"Diodorus\"/>\n\nAtlas was the son of the Titan Iapetus and the Oceanid Asia He had many children, mostly daughters, the Hesperides, the Hyades, the Pleiades, and the nymph Calypso who lived on the island Ogygia.<ref name=\"Daughter\"/>\n\nThe term Atlas has been used to describe a collection of maps since the 16th century when Flemish geographer Gerardus Mercator published his work in honour of the mythological Titan.\n\nThe \"Atlantic Ocean\" is derived from \"Sea of Atlas\". The name of Atlantis mentioned in Plato's Timaeus' dialogue derives from \"Atlantis nesos\" (), literally meaning \"Atlas's Island\".", "title": "Atlas (mythology)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Atlas\n\nAn atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of maps of Earth or of a region of Earth.\n\nAtlases have traditionally been bound into book form, but today many atlases are in multimedia formats. In addition to presenting geographic features and political boundaries, many atlases often feature geopolitical, social, religious and economic statistics. They also have information about the map and places in it.", "title": "Atlas" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Talk:Atlas (mythology)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of Dutch inventions and innovations\n\nThe Netherlands and its people have made numerous contributions to the world's civilization in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine and agriculture. The following list is composed of objects, ideas, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques and styles that were discovered or invented by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch). Until the fall of Antwerp (1585), the Dutch and Flemish were generally seen as one people.", "title": "List of Dutch inventions and innovations" }, { "id": "714333", "score": "1.723872", "text": "Land was dedicated to who sat on the Great Council of Mechelen, the map of Flanders was dedicated to the Emperor himself and the globe was dedicated to Nicholas Perrenot, the emperor's chief advisor. The dedicatee of the world map was more surprising: Johannes Drosius, a fellow student who, as an unorthodox priest, may well have been suspected of Lutheran heresy. Given that the symbolism of the Orbis Imago map also reflected a Lutheran view point, Mercator was exposing himself to criticism by the hardline theologians of Leuven . In between these works he found time to write \"Literarum latinarum\",", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": "714375", "score": "1.7218069", "text": "an insight into Mercator's intellectual studies but the mathematics books are the only ones to have been subjected to scholarly analysis: they cover arithmetic, geometry, trigonometry, surveying, architecture, fortification, astronomy, astrology, time measurement, calendar calculation, scientific instruments, cartography and applications. Only one of his own copies has been found—a first edition of Copernicus's \"De revolutionibus orbium coelestium\" annotated in Mercator's hand: this is held by Glasgow University. The sale catalogue doesn't mention any maps but it is known that the family sold the copper plates to Jodocus Hondius in 1604. He transformed the atlas. Almost 40 extra maps were added", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": "714311", "score": "1.7199931", "text": "Gerardus Mercator Gerardus Mercator (; 5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) was a 16th-century German-Flemish cartographer, geographer and cosmographer. He was renowned for creating the 1569 world map based on a new projection which represented sailing courses of constant bearing (rhumb lines) as straight lines—an innovation that is still employed in nautical charts. Mercator was one of the founders of the Netherlandish school of cartography and is widely considered as the most notable figure of the school in its golden age (approximately 1570s–1670s). In his own day he was the world's most famous geographer but, in addition, he had", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": "714313", "score": "1.7141783", "text": "binding into his Atlas of 1595. This was the first appearance of the word Atlas in a geographical context but Mercator used it as a neologism for a treatise (\"Cosmologia\") on the creation, history and description of the universe, not simply a collection of maps. He chose the word as a commemoration of the Titan Atlas, \"King of Mauretania\", whom he considered to be the first great geographer. A large part of Mercator's income came from the sales of his terrestrial and celestial globes. For sixty years they were considered to be the finest in the world, and they were", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": "714314", "score": "1.7045248", "text": "sold in such great numbers that there are many surviving examples. This was a substantial enterprise involving making the spheres, printing the gores, building substantial stands, packing and distributing all over Europe. He was also renowned for his scientific instruments, particularly his astrolabes and astronomical rings used to study the geometry of astronomy and astrology. Mercator wrote on geography, philosophy, chronology and theology. All of the wall maps were engraved with copious text on the region concerned. As an example the famous world map of 1569 is inscribed with over 5000 words in fifteen legends. The 1595 Atlas has about", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": "8090049", "score": "1.6914222", "text": "Although his work was dedicated to the story of long struggle of the Greeks with the Persian Empire, Herodotus also included everything he knew about the geography, history, and peoples of the world. Thus, his work provides a detailed picture of the known world of the 5th century BC. Herodotus rejected the prevailing view of most 5th-century BC maps that the earth is a circular plate surrounded by Ocean. In his work he describes the earth as an irregular shape with oceans surrounding only Asia and Africa. He introduces names such as the Atlantic Sea and the Erythrean Sea. He", "title": "History of cartography" }, { "id": "714327", "score": "1.6816902", "text": "his map collection and the famous globe that he had prepared for Jean Carondelet, the principal advisor of Charles V. The globe was constructed by the Leuven goldsmith Gaspar van der Heyden (Gaspar a Myrica c1496–c1549) with whom Mercator would be apprenticed. These encounters may well have provided the stimulus to put aside his problems with theology and commit himself to geography. Later he would say, \"\"Since my youth, geography has been for me the primary subject of study. I liked not only the description of the Earth but the structure of the whole machinery of the world.\"\" Towards the", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": "6194621", "score": "1.6665063", "text": "the spherical nature of the earth. Posidonius (or Poseidonius) of Apameia (c. 135–51 BCE), was a Greek Stoic philosopher who traveled throughout the Roman world and beyond and was a celebrated polymath throughout the Greco-Roman world, like Aristotle and Eratosthenes. His work \"about the ocean and the adjacent areas\" was a general geographical discussion, showing how all the forces had an effect on each other and applied also to human life. He measured the Earth's circumference by reference to the position of the star Canopus. His measure of 240,000 stadia translates to , close to the actual circumference of .", "title": "Early world maps" }, { "id": "714366", "score": "1.6650059", "text": "at the same time, he was planning very different modern maps and other mapmakers, such as his friend Abraham Ortelius, had forsaken Ptolemy completely. It was essentially an act of reverence by one scholar for another, a final epitaph for the Ptolemy who had inspired Mercator's love of geography early in his life. He compared the great many editions of the Ptolemy's written Geographia, which described his two projections and listed the latitude and longitude of some 8000 places, as well as the many different versions of the printed maps which had appeared over the previous one hundred years, all", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": "581736", "score": "1.6624812", "text": "of them (including Menoetius) were confined to Tartarus, but Zeus condemned Atlas to stand at the western edge of Gaia (the Earth) and hold up the sky on his shoulders. Thus, he was \"Atlas Telamon\", \"enduring Atlas,\" and became a doublet of Coeus, the embodiment of the celestial axis around which the heavens revolve. A common misconception today is that Atlas was forced to hold the Earth on his shoulders, but Classical art shows Atlas holding the celestial spheres, not a globe; the solidity of the marble globe borne by the renowned Farnese Atlas may have aided the conflation, reinforced", "title": "Atlas (mythology)" }, { "id": "8090043", "score": "1.6549447", "text": "BC) produced another map fifty years later that he claimed was an improved version of the map of his illustrious predecessor. Hecatæus's map describes the earth as a circular plate with an encircling Ocean and Greece in the centre of the world. This was a very popular contemporary Greek worldview, derived originally from the Homeric poems. Also, similar to many other early maps in antiquity his map has no scale. As units of measurements, this map used \"days of sailing\" on the sea and \"days of marching\" on dry land. The purpose of this map was to accompany Hecatæus's geographical", "title": "History of cartography" }, { "id": "8090052", "score": "1.6483467", "text": "one of the coldest inhabited lands in the world. Similar to his predecessors, Herodotus also made mistakes. He accepted a clear distinction between the civilized Greeks in the centre of the earth and the barbarians on the world's edges. In his \"Histories\" we can see very clearly that he believed that the world became stranger and stranger when one traveled away from Greece, until one reached the ends of the earth, where humans behaved as savages. Whereas a number of previous Greek philosophers presumed the earth to be spherical, Aristotle (384–322 BC) is the one to be credited with proving", "title": "History of cartography" }, { "id": "17639078", "score": "1.6482797", "text": "for his qualities as an engraver and as surveyor. In turn Mercator respected Ortelius for his knowledge of classical Greek and Roman literature, for his enormous linguistic and language knowledge, having mastered next to his native languages of French and Dutch by self-study also Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and German. When Ortelius decided to become his own publisher for his atlases, this brought him wealth, whereas Mercator had life-long diffeculties to make ends meet, but Ortelius and Mercator also deeply respected one another for the knowledge and talents of the other. No wonder that the Dutch atlas maker Willem", "title": "Marcel van den Broecke" }, { "id": "714332", "score": "1.6478708", "text": "He put his newly learned talents to work in a burst of productivity. In 1537, aged only 25, he established his reputation with a map of the Holy Land which was researched, engraved, printed and partly published by himself. A year later, in 1538, he produced his first map of the world, usually referred to as \"Orbis Imago\". In 1539/40 he made a map of Flanders and in 1541 a terrestrial globe. All four works were received with acclaim and they sold in large numbers. The dedications of three of these works witness Mercator's access to influential patrons: the Holy", "title": "Gerardus Mercator" }, { "id": "8090044", "score": "1.6426904", "text": "work that was called \"Periodos Ges\", or \" Journey Round the World\". \"Periodos Ges\" was divided into two books, \"Europe\" and \"Asia\", with the latter including Libya, the name of which was an ancient term for all of the known Africa. The work follows the assumption of the author that the world was divided into two continents, Asia and Europe. He depicts the line between the Pillars of Hercules through the Bosporus, and the Don River as a boundary between the two. Hecatæus is the first known writer who thought that the Caspian flows into the circumference ocean—an idea that", "title": "History of cartography" } ]

[ "an even break", "An Even Break", "even break" ]

[ { "id": "7161436", "score": "1.4870279", "text": "Never Give a Sucker an Even Break Never Give a Sucker an Even Break is a 1941 Universal Pictures comedy film starring W. C. Fields. Fields also wrote the original story, under the pseudonym \"Otis Criblecoblis\". Fields plays himself, searching for a chance to promote a surreal screenplay he has written, whose several framed sequences form the film's center. The title is derived from lines from two earlier films. In \"Poppy\" (1936), he tells his daughter, \"If we should ever separate, my little plum, I want to give you just one bit of fatherly advice: Never give a sucker an", "title": "Never Give a Sucker an Even Break" }, { "id": "7161450", "score": "1.4777575", "text": "will find incomprehensibly silly. Probably you also will laugh your head off.\" Never Give a Sucker an Even Break Never Give a Sucker an Even Break is a 1941 Universal Pictures comedy film starring W. C. Fields. Fields also wrote the original story, under the pseudonym \"Otis Criblecoblis\". Fields plays himself, searching for a chance to promote a surreal screenplay he has written, whose several framed sequences form the film's center. The title is derived from lines from two earlier films. In \"Poppy\" (1936), he tells his daughter, \"If we should ever separate, my little plum, I want to give", "title": "Never Give a Sucker an Even Break" }, { "id": "4731916", "score": "1.4242903", "text": "mighty hard times with the most of them; in the season they make a bit on base ball, or on the races, and then, you know, ‘there’s a sucker born every minute,’ and rigid city legislation drives the hard-up gambler, who would be a decent one of the kind, to turn skin-dealer and sure-thing player.” The use of quotation marks indicates that it must already have been an established catch-phrase. The phrase appears in print in the 1885 biography of confidence man Hungry Joe, \"The Life of Hungry Joe, King of the Bunco Men\". In a slightly different form, the", "title": "There's a sucker born every minute" }, { "id": "7727235", "score": "1.3747613", "text": "Sucker punch A sucker punch (American English) (also known as a coward punch, king hit or one-punch attack (Australian English); or cold-cock (American English)) is a punch made without warning or while the recipient is distracted, allowing no time for preparation or defense on the part of the recipient. It is often thrown from behind—such as in the 'knockout game'—although striking from behind is not a prerequisite for a sucker punch. The term is generally used in situations where the way in which the punch has been delivered is considered unfair or unethical, and is done using deception or distraction,", "title": "Sucker punch" }, { "id": "7069875", "score": "1.370396", "text": "Sucker bet A sucker bet is a gambling wager in which the expected return does not reflect the odds of winning, and is significantly lower. For example, the chances of correctly guessing the order of the final three cards in a game of Faro is usually 1 in 6, yet the bet only pays 4:1 or 5:1. The complexity of the game can disguise the nature of the odds, so that the player does not realise that they are taking a sucker bet. The name originates in that sucker bets are often created to lure inexperienced players into betting against", "title": "Sucker bet" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Never Give a Sucker an Even Break\n\nNever Give a Sucker an Even Break (known in some international releases as What a Man!) is a 1941 Universal Pictures comedy film starring W. C. Fields. Fields also wrote the original story, under the pseudonym \"Otis Criblecoblis.\" Fields plays himself, promoting an extravagant screenplay he has written. As he describes the script to a skeptical producer, the often surreal scenes are shown.\n\nThe title is derived from lines from two earlier films. In \"Poppy\" (1936), he tells his daughter, \"If we should ever separate, my little plum, I want to give you just one bit of fatherly advice: Never give a sucker an even break!\" In \"You Can't Cheat an Honest Man\" (1939), he tells a customer that his grandfather's last words, \"just before they sprung the trap\", were, \"You can't cheat an honest man; never give a sucker an even break, or smarten up a chump.\"\n\nFields fought with studio producers, directors, and writers over the content of his films. He was determined to make a movie his way, with his own script and staging, and his choice of supporting players. Universal finally gave him the chance, and \"Never Give a Sucker an Even Break\" was the result. Fields hand-picked most of the supporting cast. He chose Universal's young singing star Gloria Jean to play his niece, and hired two of his favorite comedians, Leon Errol and Franklin Pangborn, to play supporting roles. Margaret Dumont, best known as the Marx Brothers' matronly foil, was cast as the haughty \"Mrs. Hemogloben.\" Fields was paid $125,000 for his performance, and $25,000 for his original story.", "title": "Never Give a Sucker an Even Break" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of proverbial phrases\n\nBelow is an alphabetical list of widely used and repeated proverbial phrases. Whenever known, the origin of the phrase or proverb is noted.\n\nA proverbial phrase or a proverbial expression is a type of conventional saying similar to proverbs and transmitted by oral tradition. The difference is that a proverb is a fixed expression, while a proverbial phrase permits alterations to fit the grammar of the context.\n\nIn 1768, John Ray defined a proverbial phrase as:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "List of proverbial phrases" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "You Can't Cheat an Honest Man\n\nYou Can't Cheat an Honest Man is a 1939 American comedy film directed by George Marshall and Edward F. Cline and starring W. C. Fields. Fields also wrote the story on which the film is based under the name Charles Bogle.", "title": "You Can't Cheat an Honest Man" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "There's a sucker born every minute\n\n\"There's a sucker born every minute\" is a phrase closely associated with P. T. Barnum, an American showman of the mid-19th century, although there is no evidence that he actually said it. Early examples of its use are found among gamblers and confidence tricksters.", "title": "There's a sucker born every minute" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Golden Rule\n\nThe Golden Rule is the principle of treating others as one wants to be treated. Various expressions of this rule can be found in the tenets of most religions and creeds through the ages. It can be considered an ethic of reciprocity in some religions, although different religions treat it differently.\n\nThe maxim may appear as a positive or negative injunction governing conduct:\n\nThe idea dates at least to the early Confucian times (551–479 BCE), according to Rushworth Kidder, who identifies the concept appearing prominently in Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Taoism, Zoroastrianism, and \"the rest of the world's major religions\". As part of the 1993 \"Declaration Toward a Global Ethic\", 143 leaders of the world's major faiths endorsed the Golden Rule. According to Greg M. Epstein, it is \"a concept that essentially no religion misses entirely\", but belief in God is not necessary to endorse it. Simon Blackburn also states that the Golden Rule can be \"found in some form in almost every ethical tradition\".", "title": "Golden Rule" }, { "id": "7069876", "score": "1.3614674", "text": "large odds, blinded by the offer of \"fast money\". Variants include: Taking insurance in blackjack is also often considered a sucker bet. Sucker bet A sucker bet is a gambling wager in which the expected return does not reflect the odds of winning, and is significantly lower. For example, the chances of correctly guessing the order of the final three cards in a game of Faro is usually 1 in 6, yet the bet only pays 4:1 or 5:1. The complexity of the game can disguise the nature of the odds, so that the player does not realise that they", "title": "Sucker bet" }, { "id": "7161431", "score": "1.352114", "text": "his grandfather Litvak's last words, spoken \"just before they sprung the trap\", were: \"You can't cheat an honest man; never give a sucker an even break, or smarten up a chump.\" The line expands on his character's comment to his daughter in the musical \"Poppy\" (1923): \"Let me give you just one bit of fatherly advice: \"Never give a sucker an even break.\"\" (This is the title of a subsequent Fields film, made in 1941.) The character name is obviously a play on \"larceny\", a point which Fields reinforces at one point when someone calls him \"Larceny Whipsnake\". The film", "title": "You Can't Cheat an Honest Man" }, { "id": "8936303", "score": "1.329926", "text": "considered invaluable because dishonest promoters know that consumers who have been tricked once are likely to be tricked again via the \"reloading\". As a result, these persons became flooded with letters, e-mails and phone calls with various lottery wins, investment plans, get-rich-quick schemes and work from home offers. The consequences for the victims may be devastating, ranging from further loss of their money and/or assets, and at worst, being forced to change their identity and even commit suicide. Yet another usage was described in the movie \"Sucker List\", a part of the 1941 United States series \"Crime Does Not Pay\".", "title": "Sucker list" }, { "id": "4731918", "score": "1.3286822", "text": "that there is no shortage of new victims, nor of con men, nor of honest men. In the 1930 John Dos Passos novel \"The 42nd Parallel\", the quotation is attributed to Mark Twain. There's a sucker born every minute \"There's a sucker born every minute\" is a phrase closely associated with P. T. Barnum, an American showman of the mid-19th century, although there is no evidence that he actually said it. Early examples of its use are found among gamblers and confidence men. Barnum's biographer Arthur H. Saxon tried to track down when Barnum had uttered this phrase but was", "title": "There's a sucker born every minute" }, { "id": "6364724", "score": "1.3244125", "text": "agrees with this second interpretation, and believes that bears it out. Lewis takes a third approach, arguing the proverb is a metaphor for secrecy, and that it was earlier used as such by the Stoics. By this interpretation the left hand not knowing what the right is doing is a metaphor for how covert the proper donor should be. Harrington believes that the verse is based on an ancient proverb whose exact meaning is not known. His guess is that it referred to close friendship, and that this verse implies that friends that are even as close as one's left", "title": "Matthew 6:3" }, { "id": "7494389", "score": "1.3086218", "text": "So Long Sucker So Long Sucker is a board game invented in 1950 by John Forbes Nash, Mel Hausner, Lloyd S. Shapley and Martin Shubik. It is a four-person bargaining/economic strategy game. Each player begins the game with 7 chips, and in the course of play, attempts to acquire all the other players' chips. This requires making agreements with the other players which are ultimately unenforceable. To win, players must eventually go back on such agreements. The game takes approximately 60 minutes to play. The rules are as follows: Nash's original name for the game, before it was published as", "title": "So Long Sucker" }, { "id": "7727240", "score": "1.3047111", "text": "tend to be done after employing distraction tactics such as pretending to notice something to trick the victim into looking also, having an accomplice to distract the victim, looking away to get the victim's guard down, or pretending to walk away only to turn around and deliver the strike. As sucker punches rely on deception they can often be anticipated using methods such as: Sucker punches are commonly performed using either a hook-type punch, or a haymaker-type punch, as these are more damaging than straight shots due to the increased distance traveled thus enabling more time for acceleration. Because sucker", "title": "Sucker punch" }, { "id": "7885588", "score": "1.3028972", "text": "Sucker Bait \"Sucker Bait\" is a science fiction novella by American writer Isaac Asimov. It was first serialized in the February and March 1954 issues of \"Astounding Science Fiction\", and reprinted in the 1955 collection \"The Martian Way and Other Stories\". It has also been adapted as an episode of the BBC anthology television series \"Out of the Unknown\". Asimov was approached in 1953 by the editor Fletcher Pratt, of Twayne Press, with a story proposal: a scientist would create a world, and then Asimov, Poul Anderson, and Virginia Kidd (although Anderson stated that the third writer was Kidd's husband,", "title": "Sucker Bait" }, { "id": "7727241", "score": "1.3003426", "text": "punches come unexpectedly, people at risk of such blows must be alert to the proximity of potential opponents. Sucker punch A sucker punch (American English) (also known as a coward punch, king hit or one-punch attack (Australian English); or cold-cock (American English)) is a punch made without warning or while the recipient is distracted, allowing no time for preparation or defense on the part of the recipient. It is often thrown from behind—such as in the 'knockout game'—although striking from behind is not a prerequisite for a sucker punch. The term is generally used in situations where the way in", "title": "Sucker punch" }, { "id": "7161446", "score": "1.2993264", "text": "that \"Never Give a Sucker an Even Break\" would not fit on theater marquees, and it would be abbreviated to \"W. C. Fields - Sucker\". Fields' first version of the script was only 12 pages long, so the studio told him to expand it, which Fields' did, to 96 pages. This was still not enough, so Fields hired John T. Neville and Prescott Chaplin to expand it. This version came in at 156 pages. This was the version of the script which was rejected in April 1941 by the Hays Office because it was \"filled with vulgar and suggestive scenes", "title": "Never Give a Sucker an Even Break" }, { "id": "7568071", "score": "1.2919931", "text": "Don't Be a Sucker Don't Be a Sucker is a short film produced by the United States Department of War released in 1943, and adapted as a slightly shorter version in 1947. It has anti-racist and anti-fascist themes, and was made to educate viewers about prejudice and discrimination. The film was also made to make the case for the desegregation of the United States armed forces. It is held for preservation by the U.S. National Archives. An American who has been listening to a racist and bigoted rabble-rouser, who is preaching hate speech against ethnic and religious minorities and immigrants,", "title": "Don't Be a Sucker" }, { "id": "8936304", "score": "1.2916057", "text": "The subject of the movie are fraudulent racetrack touts, who, in particular, used to call people known to be in deep debt and give them false tips. Sucker list A sucker list is a list of people who have previously been successfully solicited for something. The major areas of sucker lists are solicitation of donations and fraud. An early example of sucker lists made public is given in the November 18, 1929 issue of \"Time Magazine\" in an article about the United States Senate probing into one lobbyist. People who become victims of, for example, a telemarketing fraud, often are", "title": "Sucker list" }, { "id": "4731915", "score": "1.2812645", "text": "the originator of the aphorism. According to the book \"Gem of the Prairie: Chicago Underworld\" (1940) by Herbert Asbury, McDonald was equipping his gambling house known as \"The Store\" when his partner expressed concern over the large number of roulette wheels and faro tables being installed and their ability to get enough players. McDonald then allegedly said, \"Don't worry about that, there's a sucker born every minute.\" Early uses of the phrase refer to it as a catch-phrase among gamblers. In an 1879 discussion of gambling in Chicago, an \"old-timer\" is quoted as saying, “[G]oodness knows how they live, it’s", "title": "There's a sucker born every minute" }, { "id": "13112255", "score": "1.2811949", "text": "The High Roller explains that he and Babydoll are supposed to \"screw\", but that he has no intention of simply taking her. Instead, he is looking for a moment of truth in a fake world, which can only be provided by someone who is not a faker, which is why he needs Babydoll - he says he wants to see in her eyes a simple truth: that she would give herself to him willingly, not because she has to, but because she wants to. At first, Babydoll seems reluctant as the High Roller becomes more intimate, but soon starts warming", "title": "Sucker Punch (2011 film)" }, { "id": "4731917", "score": "1.2800801", "text": "phrase shows up in the January 1806 \"European Magazine\": \"It was the observation of one of the tribe of Levi, to whom some person had expressed his astonishment at his being able to sell his damaged and worthless commodities, 'That there vash von fool born every minute.'\" According to David W. Maurer, writing in \"The Big Con\" (1940), there was a similar saying amongst con men: \"There's a mark born every minute, and one to trim 'em and one to knock 'em.\" Here \"trim\" means to steal from, and \"knock\" means to persuade away from a scam. The meaning is", "title": "There's a sucker born every minute" } ]

[ "miami puerto rico and bermuda", "miami, puerto rico, and bermuda" ]

[ { "id": "57935", "score": "2.4505987", "text": "involving another ship, , which disappeared at roughly the same time. Just hours later, an unknown steamer sailed near the lightship along the track of \"Deering\", and ignored all signals from the lightship. It is speculated that \"Hewitt\" may have been this mystery ship, and possibly involved in \"Deering\"s crew disappearance. Flight 19 was a training flight of five TBM Avenger torpedo bombers that disappeared on December 5, 1945, while over the Atlantic. The squadron's flight plan was scheduled to take them due east from Fort Lauderdale for , north for , and then back over a final leg to", "title": "Bermuda Triangle" }, { "id": "3079992", "score": "2.363586", "text": "Flight 19 Flight 19 was the designation of a group of five Grumman TBM Avenger torpedo bombers that disappeared over the Bermuda Triangle on December 5, 1945, after losing contact during a United States Navy overwater navigation training flight from Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale, Florida. All 14 airmen on the flight were lost, as were all 13 crew members of a Martin PBM Mariner flying boat that subsequently launched from Naval Air Station Banana River to search for Flight 19. The PBM aircraft was known to accumulate flammable gasoline vapors in its bilges, and professional investigators have assumed that", "title": "Flight 19" }, { "id": "3699636", "score": "2.3600948", "text": "facts. Kusche originally included a long chapter is his Bermuda Triangle book about Flight 19, five Navy Avenger torpedo airplanes on a training mission out of Fort Lauderdale Naval Air Station that disappeared in the Atlantic ocean on December 5, 1945. Kusche later expanded this chapter into a book, \"The Disappearance of Flight 19.\" He studied the Navy's report of the investigation, interviewed many of the Navy personnel who were involved at the time, and flew the likely route of the missing aircraft himself. At the time, the lost flight of five torpedo bombers was said to be a victim", "title": "Larry Kusche" }, { "id": "3080015", "score": "2.188015", "text": "in 2013, the names are still not known because the Navy does not have enough information to identify the bodies. In fact this was a post World War II Avenger wreck in which the pilot was killed. The flight leader, Lieutenant Charles Carroll Taylor (born October 25, 1917), graduated from Naval Air Station Corpus Christi in February 1942 and became a flight instructor in October of that year. Flight 19 Flight 19 was the designation of a group of five Grumman TBM Avenger torpedo bombers that disappeared over the Bermuda Triangle on December 5, 1945, after losing contact during a", "title": "Flight 19" }, { "id": "2753690", "score": "2.1549416", "text": "hoped to be accepted for pilot training, but did not qualify because he was color blind. Newman was on board the escort carrier roughly from Japan when the Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. The Avenger was the type of torpedo bomber used during the sinking of the two Japanese \"super battleships\": and . The postwar disappearance on 5 December 1945 of a flight of five American Avengers, known as Flight 19, was later added to the Bermuda Triangle legend, first written about in a 16 September 1950 Associated Press article published in \"The Miami Herald\" by", "title": "Grumman TBF Avenger" }, { "id": "57915", "score": "2.1141012", "text": "the Irish coast.\" Consequently, the determination of which accidents occurred inside the triangle depends on which writer reported them. The earliest suggestion of unusual disappearances in the Bermuda area appeared in a September 17, 1950, article published in \"The Miami Herald\" (Associated Press) by Edward Van Winkle Jones. Two years later, \"Fate\" magazine published \"Sea Mystery at Our Back Door\", a short article by George X. Sand covering the loss of several planes and ships, including the loss of Flight 19, a group of five US Navy Grumman TBM Avenger torpedo bombers on a training mission. Sand's article was the", "title": "Bermuda Triangle" }, { "id": "57937", "score": "2.0854003", "text": "fuel, as it might have been for a potentially long search-and-rescue operation. G-AHNP \"Star Tiger\" disappeared on January 30, 1948, on a flight from the Azores to Bermuda; G-AGRE \"Star Ariel\" disappeared on January 17, 1949, on a flight from Bermuda to Kingston, Jamaica. Both were Avro Tudor IV passenger aircraft operated by British South American Airways. Both planes were operating at the very limits of their range and the slightest error or fault in the equipment could keep them from reaching the small island. On December 28, 1948, a Douglas DC-3 aircraft, number NC16002, disappeared while on a flight", "title": "Bermuda Triangle" }, { "id": "2753701", "score": "2.062326", "text": "members to ride in the aircraft for a Living History Flight Experience . A famous incident involving the TBM / TBF Avenger aircraft was the disappearance of Flight 19, a training flight of five Avengers that originated from Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale and was lost in December 1945 over the Bermuda Triangle. Grumman TBF Avenger The Grumman TBF Avenger (designated TBM for aircraft manufactured by General Motors) is an American torpedo bomber developed initially for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, and eventually used by several air and naval aviation services around the world. The Avenger entered U.S.", "title": "Grumman TBF Avenger" }, { "id": "57936", "score": "2.0545936", "text": "complete the exercise. The flight never returned to base. The disappearance is attributed by Navy investigators to navigational error leading to the aircraft running out of fuel. One of the search and rescue aircraft deployed to look for them, a PBM Mariner with a 13-man crew, also disappeared. A tanker off the coast of Florida reported seeing an explosion and observing a widespread oil slick when fruitlessly searching for survivors. The weather was becoming stormy by the end of the incident. According to contemporaneous sources the Mariner had a history of explosions due to vapour leaks when heavily loaded with", "title": "Bermuda Triangle" }, { "id": "5653486", "score": "2.046523", "text": "19, a formation of five TBM Avenger torpedo bombers, which had departed NAS Fort Lauderdale, Florida on a routine over-water training mission. When the flight failed to return to home station, a search and rescue operation was undertaken by multiple air and naval units. After sunset on 5 December, two PBM Mariner seaplanes from NAS Banana River, originally scheduled for their own training flights were diverted to perform square pattern searches in the area west of 29°N 79°W/29, -79. One of these aircraft, a PBM-5, Bureau Number (BuNo) 59225, took off at 19:27 Eastern Time from NAS Banana River, called", "title": "Patrick Air Force Base" }, { "id": "57942", "score": "2.0267427", "text": "\"Cyclops\" (AC-4) Carroll A. Deering Wreckers S.S. \"Suduffco\" Star Tiger\" and \"Star Ariel DC-3 Airliner NC16002 disappearance Harvey Conover and \"Revonoc\" KC-135 Stratotankers B-52 Bomber (\"Pogo 22\") Charter vessel \"Sno'Boy\" SS \"Marine Sulphur Queen\" SS \"Sylvia L. Ossa\" The following websites have either online material that supports the popular version of the Bermuda Triangle, or documents published from official sources as part of hearings or inquiries, such as those conducted by the United States Navy or United States Coast Guard. Copies of some inquiries are not online and may have to be ordered; for example, the losses of Flight 19", "title": "Bermuda Triangle" }, { "id": "57938", "score": "1.995606", "text": "from San Juan, Puerto Rico, to Miami. No trace of the aircraft, or the 32 people on board, was ever found. A Civil Aeronautics Board investigation found there was insufficient information available on which to determine probable cause of the disappearance. A pleasure yacht was found adrift in the Atlantic south of Bermuda on September 26, 1955; it is usually stated in the stories (Berlitz, Winer) that the crew vanished while the yacht survived being at sea during three hurricanes. The 1955 Atlantic hurricane season shows Hurricane Ione passing nearby between 14 and 18 September, with Bermuda being affected by", "title": "Bermuda Triangle" }, { "id": "57940", "score": "1.9603546", "text": "\"Connemara IV\" observed that she had disappeared. An investigation revealed that she had dragged her moorings and gone to sea. On August 28, 1963, a pair of US Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft collided and crashed into the Atlantic. The Triangle version (Winer, Berlitz, Gaddis) of this story states that while the two aircraft did collide and crash, there were two distinct crash sites, separated by over of water. However, Kusche's research showed that the unclassified version of the Air Force investigation report stated that the debris field defining the second \"crash site\" was examined by a search and rescue", "title": "Bermuda Triangle" }, { "id": "3079994", "score": "1.9569402", "text": "in the Avenger. Taylor had completed a combat tour in the Pacific theatre as torpedo bomber pilot on the aircraft carrier and had recently arrived from NAS Miami where he had also been a VTB instructor. The student pilots had recently completed other training missions in the area where the flight was to take place. They were U.S. Marine Captains Edward Joseph Powers and George William Stivers, U.S. Marine Second Lieutenant Forrest James Gerber and USN Ensign Joseph Tipton Bossi; their callsigns started with 'Fox Tare'. The aircraft were four TBM-1Cs, BuNo 45714, 'FT3', BuNo 46094, 'FT36', BuNo 46325, 'FT81',", "title": "Flight 19" }, { "id": "57916", "score": "1.9316797", "text": "first to lay out the now-familiar triangular area where the losses took place. Flight 19 alone would be covered again in the April 1962 issue of \"American Legion\" magazine. In it, author Allan W. Eckert wrote that the flight leader had been heard saying, \"We are entering white water, nothing seems right. We don't know where we are, the water is green, no white.\" He also wrote that officials at the Navy board of inquiry stated that the planes \"flew off to Mars.\" Sand's article was the first to suggest a supernatural element to the Flight 19 incident. In the", "title": "Bermuda Triangle" }, { "id": "57917", "score": "1.9271473", "text": "February 1964 issue of \"Argosy\", Vincent Gaddis' article \"The Deadly Bermuda Triangle\" argued that Flight 19 and other disappearances were part of a pattern of strange events in the region. The next year, Gaddis expanded this article into a book, \"Invisible Horizons\". Others would follow with their own works, elaborating on Gaddis' ideas: John Wallace Spencer (\"Limbo of the Lost\", 1969, repr. 1973); Charles Berlitz (\"The Bermuda Triangle\", 1974); Richard Winer (\"The Devil's Triangle\", 1974), and many others, all keeping to some of the same supernatural elements outlined by Eckert. Lawrence David Kusche, author of \"The Bermuda Triangle Mystery: Solved\"", "title": "Bermuda Triangle" }, { "id": "8565022", "score": "1.8997793", "text": "termed the Bermuda Triangle. A plane similar to the DC-3 has been found by divers in the Bermuda Triangle. It is possible that this is the aircraft that was lost, however it is impossible without certain parts and registrations to be certain. In a report released 15 July 1949, the board convening the investigation filed several factors about the aircraft: As far as human error, the report cited several occurrences: Because of a lack of wreckage and other information, probable cause for the loss of the aircraft could not be determined. 1948 Airborne Transport DC-3 (DST) disappearance The disappearance of", "title": "1948 Airborne Transport DC-3 (DST) disappearance" }, { "id": "13968725", "score": "1.8990178", "text": "overnight. Flight 19 was the infamous training flight of five TBMs that vanished without trace after taking off from Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on 5 December 1945. One of the TBMs featured in the scene was the TBM-3E (BuNo \"53503\") now owned and flown by the Rocky Mountain Wing of the Commemorative Air Force (CAF). A Grumman G-44 Widgeon opened each week's episode of the 1978–1984 television series \"Fantasy Island\". The Transformers Autobot named Dogfight disguises himself as a Grumman X-29. In Kaoru Shintani's manga series \"Area 88\", main character Shin Kazama pilots an X-29 during the final battles. The Bollywood", "title": "Aircraft in fiction" }, { "id": "3080012", "score": "1.8928726", "text": "floor in 1990. He mistakenly believed it was one of the missing planes. In 1991, a treasure-hunting expedition led by Graham Hawkes announced that the wreckage of five Avengers had been discovered off the coast of Florida, but that tail numbers revealed they were not Flight 19. In 2004 a BBC documentary showed Hawkes returning with a new submersible 12 years later and identifying one of the planes by its bureau number (a clearly readable 23990) as a flight lost at sea on 9 October 1943, over two years before Flight 19 (its crew all survived), but he was unable", "title": "Flight 19" }, { "id": "3039486", "score": "1.8885317", "text": "led to the creation of the Bermuda Triangle myth. Star Tiger On 30 January 1948, \"Star Tiger\" was flying from England to Bermuda. It stopped for fuel in the Azores. Early on 31 January the captain asked for a bearing for Bermuda. The request was routine, and there was no cause for alarm. He then gave an estimated arrival at 05:00. That was the last contact. Azores to Bermuda is 2,230 miles (3,588 km). At 05:00 a search was launched from Bermuda but the aircraft was not found. Star Ariel \"Star Ariel\" G-AGRE left Bermuda for Kingston, Jamaica on 17", "title": "British South American Airways" } ]

[ "James Carter, Jr.", "james earl 22jimmie 22 carter jr", "jimmie carter junior", "Carter, Jimmie", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter, Jr", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter", "Why not the best", "James Earl Carter, Jr.", "Jimmy Earl Carter", "Jimmie Carter", "james e carter jr", "Jimmie Carter, Junior", "James E. Carter", "james earl 22jimmy 22 carter junior", "Jimi Carter", "james 22jimmy 22 carter", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter Junior", "Jimmy Carter Junior", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter, Junior", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter Jr.", "james earl 22jimmy 22 carter", "president carter", "39th president of united states", "Jimmie Carter Jr.", "Carter, James Earl", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter, Jr", "James Earl (Jimmy) Carter", "James Earl Carter Jr", "Jimmy Carter", "James Earle Carter", "James Earl Carter Junior", "Jimmy Carter, Jr.", "Jimmy Carter Jr.", "carter james earl 22jimmie 22", "carter jimmy", "Carter, James Earl %22Jimmie%22", "carter james earl", "Carter, James Earl %22Jimmy%22", "james earl carter", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter, Jr.", "James Earl Carter, Jr", "james earl 22jimmy 22 carter jr", "James E. Carter, Jr.", "jimmy carter jr", "jimmy e carter", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter Junior", "why not best", "jimi carter", "jimmie carter jr", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter Jr", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter, Jr.", "james earl carter jr", "Jimmy carter", "Jimmy Carter, Junior", "James Earl Carter", "James Earl %22Jimmie%22 Carter Jr.", "Carter, Jimmy", "carter james earl 22jimmy 22", "james earl carter junior", "jimmy carter", "james earle carter", "james e carter", "James Carter, Jr", "Jimmie Carter, Jr", "President Carter", "President carter", "Why Not the Best", "jimmie carter", "jimmy earl carter", "james earl jimmy carter", "james carter jr", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter, Junior", "39th President of the United States", "President Jimmy Carter", "James E. Carter Jr.", "president jimmy carter", "james earl 22jimmie 22 carter junior", "Jimmie Carter Junior", "James Earl %22Jimmy%22 Carter Jr", "James Earl Carter Jr.", "James Earl Carter, Junior", "Jimmie Carter, Jr.", "jimmy carter junior", "Jimmy Carter Jr", "Jimmie Carter Jr", "James %22Jimmy%22 Carter", "carter jimmie", "Jimmy E. Carter", "Jimmy Carter, Jr" ]

[ { "id": "205599", "score": "1.6840253", "text": "that struck down limits on campaign spending by corporations and unions, going so far as to saying that the U.S. is \"no longer a functioning democracy\" and now has a system of \"unlimited political bribery\". Carter and his wife Rosalynn are well known for their work as volunteers with Habitat for Humanity, a Georgia-based philanthropy that helps low-income working people around the world to build and buy their own homes and access clean water. Carter's hobbies include painting, fly-fishing, woodworking, cycling, tennis, and skiing. He also has an interest in poetry, particularly the works of Dylan Thomas. During a state", "title": "Jimmy Carter" }, { "id": "7302060", "score": "1.6779666", "text": "worked with Fuller to develop a program similar to that in Zaire, using volunteer labor to construct affordable, safe houses for needy families in San Antonio's slums. Soon the idea took hold in Appalachia, and by 1981, just five years from its inception, Habitat for Humanity had affiliates in fourteen states and seven foreign countries. In early 1984, Millard courted the man who would become Habitat's most famous volunteer, President Jimmy Carter. A native of Plains, Georgia, just a few miles from Habitat's headquarters in Americus, Georgia, Carter gave not only his name and reputation to the new non-profit, but", "title": "Millard Fuller" }, { "id": "2589147", "score": "1.630059", "text": "and has since become its highest profile proponent. He has been involved in fund-raising and publicity as well as actual homebuilding, taking part in the annual Jimmy Carter Work Project \"blitz build\". In 2008, Habitat for Humanity celebrated the 25th annual building project with the Carters and renamed it to include Mrs. Carter. The Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project focused on supporting the Gulf Coast community seeking to rebuild after hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Despite periodic downpours, volunteers got most of the work done during one week in June to finish building and fixing 60 houses and frame 48", "title": "Habitat for Humanity" }, { "id": "20399966", "score": "1.5992064", "text": "to the expansion of Habitat for Humanity, to build affordable housing. Since early September 2012, Carter has been alive longer after leaving the White House than any other U.S. President. Carter has been involved in a variety of national and international public policy, conflict resolution, human rights and charitable causes. In 1982, he established the Carter Center in Atlanta to advance human rights and alleviate human suffering. The non-profit, nongovernmental Center promotes democracy, mediates and prevents conflicts, and monitors the electoral process in support of free and fair elections. It also works to improve global health through the control and", "title": "Post-presidency of Jimmy Carter" }, { "id": "7486563", "score": "1.5892143", "text": "a difference on both local and global projects. In 2010, Brent Pope (rugby analyst) set up the Brent Pope Rugby Legends Foundation in partnership Habitat for Humanity Ireland. Brent has visited Zambia twice with the foundation, being accompanied by rugby legend Malcolm O'Kelly in June 2011 and by Liam Toland, Paddy Johns and Angus McKeen in June 2012. In September 2013 Brent and Paddy Johns traveled to Argentina with rugby fans and supporters. Former US President Jimmy Carter became involved with Habitat for Humanity International in 1984 and has since become its most high-profile proponent. He has been involved in", "title": "Habitat for Humanity Ireland" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Jimmy Carter" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Democratic Republic of the Congo" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "List of organisms named after famous people (born 1950–present ..." }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Church of God in Christ\n\nThe Church of God in Christ (COGIC) is a Holiness–Pentecostal Christian denomination, and the largest Pentecostal denomination in the United States. Although an international and multi-ethnic religious organization, it has a predominantly African-American membership based within the United States. The international headquarters is in Memphis, Tennessee. The current Presiding Bishop is Bishop John Drew Sheard Sr., who is the Senior Pastor of the Greater Emmanuel Institutional Church of God in Christ of Detroit, Michigan. He was elected as the denomination's leader on March 27, 2021.", "title": "Church of God in Christ" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Burundi" }, { "id": "7302053", "score": "1.5886996", "text": "Millard Fuller Millard Dean Fuller (January 3, 1935 – February 3, 2009) was the founder and former president of Habitat for Humanity International, a nonprofit organization known globally for building houses for those in need, and the founder and former president of The Fuller Center for Housing. Fuller was widely regarded as the leader of the modern-day movement for affordable housing and had been honored for his work in the United States and abroad. Fuller was born in Lanett, Alabama, on January 3, 1935, to Render and Estin Cook Fuller. Render was employed by Lanett Bleachery and Dye Works and", "title": "Millard Fuller" }, { "id": "10050247", "score": "1.552812", "text": "Donald Mosley Donald Mosley is a co-founder of the Habitat for Humanity organization. Mosley was a Peace Corps volunteer in Malaysia and a regional director in South Korea. With a background in history, math, engineering and anthropology, he helped launch Habitat for Humanity in the 1970s. He has been on the international board of directors since 1995. In 1984, as national chairman for the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR), he helped lead a delegation to Nicaragua during the war there between the Sandinistas and the Contras. That experience impacted him to lead many such groups on dozens of trips to conflict", "title": "Donald Mosley" }, { "id": "727911", "score": "1.5357375", "text": "the international nonprofit organization's new advocacy outreach initiative. Jon Bon Jovi has been raising awareness with Habitat for Humanity since 2005 when he provided the funds to build six homes in Philadelphia and built the homes alongside the homeowner families, as well as with members of his Philadelphia Soul Arena football team. The construction site also served as the video shoot location for his band's single \"Who Says You Can't Go Home\". In 2006, he made a $1 million donation to build 28 Habitat homes in Louisiana in partnership with low-income families on the hurricane-stricken coast. In July 2007, Bon", "title": "Jon Bon Jovi" }, { "id": "11438417", "score": "1.5318757", "text": "Oregon Housing and Community Services Department under governors Neil Goldschmidt and Barbara Roberts. Ramsey then worked for the Enterprise Community Partners, first as senior vice president and later became president. Ramsey served two terms on the Habitat for Humanity International board of directors, elected as vice-chairman in 2001 and then as chairman in 2003. During his chairmanship, the board fired Habitat founder Millard Fuller. Ramsey is currently on the board of the Local Initiatives Support Corporation and the Washington Jesuit Academy. Ramsey has been a proponent of the Portland citywide wireless initiative. Rey Ramsey Rey Ramsey is an American social", "title": "Rey Ramsey" }, { "id": "12392690", "score": "1.5318727", "text": "contribute to federal housing policy. Terwilliger's largest philanthropic efforts have gone towards helping Habitat for Humanity International. He has served on the board of directors for Habitat for Humanity since October 2000, currently serving as Chairman Emeritus. Terwilliger made a $100 million legacy gift, making it the largest donation from and individual in Habitat for Humanity's history. His donation will help an estimated 60,000 low-income families around the world to improve their housing. He has also established and funded the J. Ronald Terwilliger Leveraged Impact Fund, which makes annual distributions to help support affordable-housing efforts. Terwilliger's other philanthropic contributions include", "title": "Ron Terwilliger" }, { "id": "14693684", "score": "1.5263822", "text": "his Foundation have been a strong supporter of Habitat for Humanity, helping to build Gordon's House in honor of Rev. Gordon Yeaton, an Episcopal priest and Habitat for Humanity board member who died in 2007. The Foundation has also supported Habitat's Homes for Heroes, a neighborhood in San Juan Capistrano for disabled veterans and surviving families of veterans who gave their lives in service. Nicholas established the first-ever American Heritage Bowl Game for Historically Black Colleges, co-sponsored by the Navy and Marine Corps. It was held in August 2007 at the stadium at Cal State Fullerton and broadcast worldwide on", "title": "Henry Nicholas" }, { "id": "7302063", "score": "1.5187509", "text": "has built 26 houses for Habitat for Humanity and donated more than $500,000 to the organization, who was on the board in 1990-91, said this: \"Our conclusion was that Millard was a hugger and was misinterpreted, and some people went out of their way to make something big out of something that wasn't really that big\". Fuller continued his work in the housing movement with the establishment of the Fuller Center for Housing in April 2005. He expanded on the foundation of Habitat by encouraging communities to create \"collaborative and innovative partnerships\" to address the housing needs of the most", "title": "Millard Fuller" }, { "id": "11668225", "score": "1.5089362", "text": "to the program; their employees & members volunteer in the actual building. Companies include JEA, Jacksonville Jaguars, Stein Mart, Everbank, Northeast Florida Builders Association, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Florida, Swisher International Group and Fidelity National Financial. Faith-based sponsors include coalitions from Episcopal, Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Lutheran and Catholic churches. Even U.S. Navy Sailors volunteer one day each week while their ship is in port. The \"Jimmy Carter Work Project\" constructed the Fairway Oaks community of 85 single-family homes in 17 days. The former President and his wife, Roselyn were joined by former Housing Secretary Jack Kemp, Habitat founders", "title": "HabiJax" }, { "id": "15778699", "score": "1.4984572", "text": "an Irish nonprofit. On Sunday morning, President Carter held Sunday school in the mess tent for the volunteers, just as he has for years in Plains. At the worksite, many volunteers from 2011 had tearful reunions with Haitian homeowners they had worked with. Habitat and Haven together built 155 new homes in Haiti during the 2012 project. Oakland and San Jose, California; Denver, Colorado; New York, New York; and Union Beach, New Jersey: For their 30th project, the Carters worked coast to coast, winding up where it all started, at the Mascot Flats apartment building on the Lower East Side", "title": "Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project" }, { "id": "15778695", "score": "1.4981041", "text": "new home construction, the Carter Work Project, like Habitat, has embraced new ways of helping people and of mobilizing against poverty housing. In 2007, volunteers repaired 35 Los Angeles homes as part of Habitat's A Brush With Kindness program, in addition to building 30 townhomes and condos. U.S. Gulf Coast: During the 25th annual build, nearly 20 Habitat affiliates along the Gulf Coast built new housing in areas that had been hit by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. More than 2,000 volunteers helped build houses with 250 families. The project was officially renamed the Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project. \"That's", "title": "Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project" }, { "id": "18053861", "score": "1.4934711", "text": "the American Civil Liberties Union of Arizona, where he served as vice-president for nominating and governance, vice-president for personnel, and chaired the Bylaws Committee. A Habitat for Humanity (HFH) volunteer since 1998, he has been a construction house/block co-leader for 38 builds with HFH Central Arizona, Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter HFH Work Projects, and Blitz Home Builders. He has participated in dozens of other HFH projects, including a Global Village build in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Beginning in 2002, he worked with HFH International founding president Millard Fuller to found HFH Macedonia, an award-winning affiliate that to date has helped more", "title": "Jere T. Humphreys" }, { "id": "205478", "score": "1.4909666", "text": "is considered a key figure in the Habitat for Humanity charity. He has written over 30 books ranging from memoirs and politics to poetry and inspiration. He has criticized some of Israel's actions and policies in regards to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and has advocated for a two-state solution. James Earl Carter Jr. was born on October 1, 1924, at the Wise Sanitarium (now the Lillian G. Carter Nursing Center) in Plains, Georgia, a hospital where his mother was employed as a registered nurse. Carter was the first U.S. president to be born in a hospital. He was the eldest son", "title": "Jimmy Carter" }, { "id": "7486557", "score": "1.4891295", "text": "many supporters in Ireland are such corporations as Bank of America, Whirlpool Corporation, EBS Building Society, Wells Fargo, Salesforce.com and Citigroup. High-profile supporters include Brent Pope, Bobby Kerr and TV personality Baz Ashmawy. Habitat for Humanity has also partnered with local bodies and organisations, through its \"A Brush With Kindness\" programme, such as Don Bosco Teenage Care, Dublin City Council, and St. Michael's House. Since 2004 Habitat for Humanity Ireland has sent 2,300 volunteers abroad through its \"Global Village\" programme. Volunteers today build with Habitat affiliates in many locations on Global Village Trips. After having gone through training, trip leaders", "title": "Habitat for Humanity Ireland" }, { "id": "15778678", "score": "1.4823172", "text": "Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project The Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project - formerly the Jimmy Carter Work Project (JCWP) - is an annual home building blitz organized by Habitat for Humanity International and its affiliates. It generally takes place in the United States one year, and an international location the next. President Jimmy Carter and Rosalynn Carter helped Habitat volunteers renovate the 19-unit building, and media coverage brought attention to Habitat, which had been founded in 1976 in Americus, Georgia, a short distance from Carter's hometown of Plains, Georgia. Even though President Carter has said repeatedly he never", "title": "Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project" }, { "id": "1814043", "score": "1.4814851", "text": "build homes on the North and West sides of Chicago. The two were accompanied by members of the Habitat for Humanity as they wielded hammers and saws while working for a week to construct homes in a vacant lot. The Carters removed themselves and the Carter Center in 1991, from direct involvement in the Middle East at the time that President George H. W. Bush and Secretary of State James Baker became more active. However, they did monitor the Oslo peace agreement of 1993, which sprung from the President and Secretary of State's bringing Palestinians and other parties involved in", "title": "Rosalynn Carter" } ]

[ "Computer virus/worm", "computer virus worm" ]

[ { "id": "2033435", "score": "1.560461", "text": "legendary examples include Lilith, Mohini, the Sirens, the Sphinx, Scylla, Aphrodite, Circe, Medea, Clytemnestra, Lesbia, Helen of Troy, and Visha Kanyas. Historical examples from Classical times include Cleopatra and Messalina, as well as the Biblical figures Delilah, Jezebel, and Salome. An example from Chinese literature and traditional history is Daji. The \"femme fatale\" was a common figure in the European Middle Ages, often portraying the dangers of unbridled female sexuality. The pre-medieval inherited Biblical figure of Eve offers an example, as does the wicked, seductive enchantress typified in Morgan le Fay. The Queen of the Night in Mozart's The Magic", "title": "Femme fatale" }, { "id": "16532918", "score": "1.554878", "text": "on the web, about Neen, an art movement that claims that \"websites are the art of our day\", showing websites of Angelo Plessas, Rafael Rozendaal, Andreas Angelidakis, Mai Ueda, or Nikola Tosic, and she also gives Wj-s performances about psychogeography a situationist concept, emotional mapping and data visualization. Because she believes that machinima are a new artform and a new way of expression, she gives workshops to students and teenagers in Machinima, movies created with videogames and also workshops of WJ-S and how to use this software to create performances using the web as a giant hard disk. The purpose", "title": "Isabelle Arvers" }, { "id": "13455540", "score": "1.5343026", "text": "but launches a viral Visual Basic Script that forwards itself to everybody in the Microsoft Outlook address book of the victim. OnTheFly created Anna Kournikova using a simple and online available Visual Basic Worm Generator program by an Argentinian programmer called [K]Alamar. While similar to the ILOVEYOU worm that struck a year earlier in 2000, the Anna Kournikova worm did not corrupt data on the infected computer. Still, it affected millions of people and caused problems in email servers around the world. Apparently, the author created the worm in a matter of hours. \"The young man had downloaded a program", "title": "Anna Kournikova (computer virus)" }, { "id": "17607740", "score": "1.5312679", "text": "(mainly women) who kept the machines running and, in some cases, wrote programs for them. In particular, she addresses the technological control of women's bodies through, for example, cosmetic surgery or the medicalization of pregnancy. Balsamo advocates for educational initiatives that expand access to the spheres in which future technologies are imagined and defined; along these lines, she and Alexandra Juhasz co-founded FemTechNet, a network of scholars and artists who work on issues related to technology and gender. John Seely Brown, former chief scientist of Xerox Corporation and Director of Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) argues that Balsamo \"portrays", "title": "Anne Balsamo" }, { "id": "1530855", "score": "1.5099062", "text": "Thomas Pynchon, and J. D. Salinger who seem to want to avoid the \"limelight\" of popularity, simply want to live private lives. This would appear to be the case with De Onbekende Beeldhouwer (Anonymous Sculptor), whose exhibited work in Amsterdam attracted strong attention in the 1980s and 1990s. Some others include avant-garde ensemble The Residents, costumed comedy rock band The Radioactive Chicken Heads, and until 2004, musician Jandek. This is frequently applied in fiction, from The Lone Ranger, Superman, and Batman, where a hidden identity is assumed. Suppose that only Alice, Bob, and Carol have keys to a bank safe", "title": "Anonymity" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Timeline of computer viruses and worms\n\nThis timeline of computer viruses and worms presents a chronological timeline of noteworthy computer viruses, computer worms, Trojan horses, similar malware, related research and events.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n", "title": "Timeline of computer viruses and worms" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Cybersecurity information technology list\n\nThis is a list of cybersecurity information technology. Cybersecurity is security as it is applied to information technology. This includes all technology that stores, manipulates, or moves data, such as computers, data networks, and all devices connected to or included in networks, such as routers and switches. All information technology devices and facilities need to be secured against intrusion, unauthorized use, and vandalism. Additionally, the users of information technology should be protected from theft of assets, extortion, identity theft, loss of privacy and confidentiality of personal information, malicious mischief, damage to equipment, business process compromise, and the general activity of cybercriminals. The public should be protected against acts of cyberterrorism, such as the compromise or loss of the electric power grid.\n\nCybersecurity is a major endeavor of the IT industry. There are a number of professional certifications given for cybersecurity training and expertise. Although billions of dollars are spent annually on cybersecurity, no computer or network is immune from attacks or can be considered completely secure. The single most expensive loss due to a cybersecurity exploit was the ILOVEYOU or Love Bug email worm of 2000, which cost an estimated 8.7 billion American dollars.\n\nThis article attempts to list all the important Wikipedia articles about cybersecurity. There are a number of minor articles that can be reached by means of links in the listed articles.", "title": "Cybersecurity information technology list" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "Comparison of computer viruses\n\nThe compilation of a unified list of computer viruses is made difficult because of naming. To aid the fight against computer viruses and other types of malicious software, many security advisory organizations and developers of anti-virus software compile and publish lists of viruses. When a new virus appears, the rush begins to identify and understand it as well as develop appropriate counter-measures to stop its propagation. Along the way, a name is attached to the virus. As the developers of anti-virus software compete partly based on how quickly they react to the new threat, they usually study and name the viruses independently. By the time the virus is identified, many names denote the same virus.\n\nAnother source of ambiguity in names is that sometimes a virus initially identified as a completely new virus is found to be a variation of an earlier known virus, in which cases, it is often renamed. For example, the second variation of the Sobig worm was initially called \"Palyh\" but later renamed \"Sobig.b\". Again, depending on how quickly this happens, the old name may persist.", "title": "Comparison of computer viruses" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "", "title": "Wikipedia:WikiProject Computing/Recognized content" }, { "id": "2218881", "score": "1.4937395", "text": "Text Speak, Cyberpunk, and various others. Following trends in fashion and Text Speak, New Media also makes way for \"trendy\" social change. The Ice Bucket Challenge is a recent example of this. All in the name of raising money for ALS (the lethal neurodegenerative disorder also known as Lou Gehrig's disease), participants are nominated by friends via Facebook, Twitter and ownmirror to dump a bucket of ice water on themselves, or donate to the ALS Foundation. This became a huge trend through Facebook's tagging tool, allowing nominees to be tagged in the post. The videos appeared on more people's feeds,", "title": "New media" }, { "id": "2424554", "score": "1.4848411", "text": "as domestic servants and sexual slaves, as seen in the film \"Westworld\", Paul J. McAuley's novel \"Fairyland\" (1995), and Lester del Rey's short story \"Helen O'Loy\" (1938), and sometimes as warriors, killers, or laborers. The character of Annalee Call in \"Alien Resurrection\" is a rare example of a non-sexualized gynoid. A long tradition exists in literature of the construction of an artificial embodiment of a certain type of ideal woman, and fictional gynoids have been seen as an extension of this theme. Examples include Hephaestus in the Iliad who created female servants of metal, and Ilmarinen in the Kalevala who", "title": "Gynoid" }, { "id": "17729652", "score": "1.4839969", "text": "founder of the company who fights for animal rights by making millions of dollars selling a grain-derived meat substitute. And while people who sell their wares on Etsy may not seem like they have much to do with mad priders, Quart's point is that all are examples of \"counterpublics\" who crucially re-form what is considered acceptable, allowing further diversity of options. She ends with a powerful example of Occupy Bank Working Group, or an offshoot of Occupy Wall Street headed by an ex-banker whose goals include to make a nonpredatory credit card for the needy. In addition to the starred", "title": "Alissa Quart" }, { "id": "14027478", "score": "1.4740499", "text": "social networking and video chat website Chatroulette to exhibit Franco Mattes staging a false suicide (hanging) in part of the screen and people's responses to it in other parts of the screen. Another example of their work, where the audience is the subject, is \"Emily's video\" (2012) where they invited volunteers to watch what they called \"the worst video ever,\" combined of clips from the Darknet. The viewers were filmed whilst watching it and the original video was destroyed. What remains are the reactions of the viewers, recorded on webcams. When displayed in a gallery setting the monitor is positioned", "title": "Eva and Franco Mattes" }, { "id": "12541641", "score": "1.4719554", "text": "companies as McCann Erickson, Lonsdale Saatchi and Saatchi and its group of companies. She has had several successful art exhibitions, and is known throughout the art world for her interesting uses of art to mirror deities and real life situations with a style that is uniquely her own. This style gained her a spot on the Absolut Vodka, Absolut Connections art tour through the Caribbean and Latin America Currently she is a freelance copy writer, professional artist, freelance curator, and entrepreneur. Nicole was the first performer at One Voice @ Vino and is the current curator for its art program.", "title": "Nicole Craig" }, { "id": "6553486", "score": "1.4647627", "text": "who are women also include Magdalena Abakanowicz, Marina Abramović, Jaroslava Brychtova, Lynda Benglis, Lee Bul, Sophie Calle, Janet Cardiff, Li Chevalier, Marlene Dumas, Marisol Escobar, Jenny Holzer, Runa Islam, Chantal Joffe, Yayoi Kusama, Karen Kilimnik, Sarah Lucas, Yoko Ono, Jenny Saville, Carolee Schneeman, Cindy Sherman, Shazia Sikander, Lorna Simpson, Lisa Steele, Stella Vine, Kara Walker, Rebecca Warren, Bettina Werner and Susan Dorothea White. Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama's paintings, collages, soft sculptures, performance art and environmental installations all share an obsession with repetition, pattern, and accumulation. Her work shows some attributes of feminism, minimalism, surrealism, Art Brut, pop art, and abstract", "title": "Women artists" }, { "id": "17936725", "score": "1.450496", "text": "and sound effects in real time while computers process the images and deliver them to the audio-visual system with custom software developed in Max/MSP/Jitter. Examples of such work include ¨I.C You¨ (2006), a cinematic thriller based on a script by poet Tom Sleigh ¨about an ice delivery man whose job is to keep America cold,¨ and ¨Sheepwoman,¨ (2009) a live film inspired by Haruki Murakami's novels \"A Wild Sheep Chase\" and \"Dance, Dance, Dance.\" She has also made collaborative works with sound artist Paul DeMarinis, electronic music composer David Wessel, and choreographer Molissa Fenley. In 2013, a new work ‘’", "title": "Laetitia Sonami" }, { "id": "2230929", "score": "1.4494936", "text": "contain the complete personality of the individual and allow it to learn, grow and act independently. The final plot line follows Angela Mitchell, famous simstim star and the girl from the second Sprawl novel \"Count Zero\". Angie, thanks to brain manipulations by her father when she was a child, has always had the ability to access cyberspace directly (without a cyberspace deck), but drugs provided by her production company Sense/Net have severely impeded this ability. The plot culminates when Angie and Bobby \"upload\" their consciousness into the Aleph; Mona takes Angie's place as simstim star following forced cosmetic surgery to", "title": "Mona Lisa Overdrive" }, { "id": "13455545", "score": "1.4479904", "text": "ZDNet Latin America in an interview. In the \"Friends\" episode \"The One in Barbados, Part One\", Ross Geller's laptop was infected by the Kournikova worm when Chandler Bing checked his email on it. The version of the worm in the episode was more malicious than the real thing, as it deleted Ross' entire hard drive, including his speech on paleontology, when it was opened. Moreover, the computer was a PowerBook G4, with which Windows-targeting malware would not be compatible. Anna Kournikova (computer virus) Anna Kournikova (named by its author as \"Vbs.OnTheFly Created By OnTheFly\") was a computer worm written by", "title": "Anna Kournikova (computer virus)" }, { "id": "17729651", "score": "1.4467652", "text": "self-advocacy among people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other mental illnesses that are usually treated with drugs. Instead of allowing doctors to define them, these people espouse “mad pride” and create online communities where peer counseling replaces institutionalization. She also covers transgender feminism, the neurodiverse movement and amateur musicians, chefs, filmmakers, crafters who are appropriating the tools of entrepreneurialism to reinvent themselves, culture, and make some money in the process. She reports on musician Amanda Palmer, who famously raised over $1 million on Kickstarter so she could make an album independently. There is also the example of a vegetarian crusader,", "title": "Alissa Quart" }, { "id": "3208131", "score": "1.4455175", "text": "is flashing in front of our eyes: people, news, goods, theories, images...\" and they are invited to utilize their \"specially developed, tested, non- aggressive, refreshing, meditative flow of flashing\" in the form of various .gifs. Shulgin's blends data curation with poetry in his three sites which he lists at the end of easylife.com. These sites that he describes as \"domain name (kind of) poetry\", are \"Link X\", \"ABC\", and \"IBM\"(desk.nl/~you/linkx/, desk.nl/~you/abc/, desk.nl/~you/ibm/). By visiting any one of these pages, the viewer is presented with a list or collection of words or letters, such as \"bookmark\" or \"abc\", respectively, in the", "title": "Alexei Shulgin" }, { "id": "18632122", "score": "1.4447601", "text": "are influenced by existential concepts. Awards that she received include: Melissanthi Melissanthi () was the pen name used by Eve Chougia-Skandalaki (; April 8, 1910 – November 9, 1991), a Greek educator, journalist and writer. Some sources say that she died in 1990. Her first name also appears as Ivi or Hebe; her surname also appears as Koúyia or Koughia. She was born Eve Chougia in Athens and studied music, drawing, ballet and classical dance. From 1923 to 1924, she was in a Swiss sanitarium recovering from tuberculosis. She studied French, German and English at institutes in Athens. She went", "title": "Melissanthi" }, { "id": "5601677", "score": "1.4422724", "text": "animations loaded onto diskettes that anyone with a Mac could access. Later, she renamed the zine to \"Electronic Hollywood.\" Billy Idol commissioned Levy to create a disk for his album, \"Cyberpunk\". She was hired to be the creative director of the online magazine, \"Word\", in 1995. Cyberfeminists, VNS Matrix, made up of Josephine Starrs, Juliane Pierce, Francesca da Rimini and Virginia Barratt, created art in the early 1990s linking computer technology and women's bodies. In 1997, there was a gathering of cyberfeminists in Kassel, called the First Cyberfeminist International. In China, Hu Qiheng, was the leader of the team who", "title": "Women in computing" }, { "id": "377957", "score": "1.4394971", "text": "typography on screen), \"The Exorcist\", \"Hell House\", and Dan Curtis's \"House of Dark Shadows\". Alice's name, like the names of her two friends Julie and Reika, came from a previous production from Konaka, \"Alice in Cyberland\", which in turn was largely influenced by \"Alice in Wonderland\". As the series developed, Konaka was \"surprised\" by how close Alice's character became to the original \"Wonderland\" character. Vannevar Bush (and memex), John C. Lilly, Timothy Leary and his eight-circuit model of consciousness, Ted Nelson and Project Xanadu are cited as precursors to the Wired. Douglas Rushkoff and his book \"Cyberia\" were originally to", "title": "Serial Experiments Lain" }, { "id": "20269638", "score": "1.4379344", "text": "non-profit also called Educate!, supporting young Ugandan scholars, and founded by two Amherst students. Her second was iPort, intended to help models organize their career portfolio digitally. Scott says she developed it because it was something she personally needed, as her paper portfolio books were heavy and falling apart. Her third, in 2014, was The Matchmaker, a social network that would alert a user physically near another user compatible in love, friendship or business. Code Made Cool, released in conjunction with Scott's 2014 appearance on the cover of \"Asos\" magazine, was an iPhone app that taught girls programming via drag", "title": "Lyndsey Scott" } ]

[ "kcmu", "kcmu fm", "KBTC-FM", "KEXP-FM", "KCMU", "KEXP", "kbtc fm", "KCMU-FM", "kexp fm", "kexp" ]

[ { "id": "11596635", "score": "1.5756478", "text": "and 3:00PM. These shows play music from a certain genre or time period and each DJ has the opportunity to do one specialty show a week in addition to their regularly scheduled radio show. WIRQ WIRQ (90.9 FM) is a non-profit radio station broadcasting an Alternative genre. The station is licensed to Rochester, New York, United States, and is owned by West Irondequoit Central School District. WIRQ began broadcasting on January 7,1960. Originally at 90.9 MHz, the station moved to 93.3 MHz in 1981, then in the early 1990s moved to 94.3 MHz for several years before moving again to", "title": "WIRQ" }, { "id": "1953296", "score": "1.5438321", "text": "the FM band between 90.2 and 92.6 MHz, on DAB Digital Radio, the digital television services Freeview, Freesat, Sky, Virgin Media, TalkTalk TV and Virgin Media Ireland. Radio 3 programmes can be listened to live on the Radio 3 Website through the RadioPlayer and BBC iPlayer services; the iPlayer also allows Radio 3 programmes to be heard for 30 days after broadcast. On its FM frequencies, the station uses less dynamic range compression of the volume of music than rival station Classic FM. On DAB it uses dynamic range control (DRC) which allows compression to be defined by the user.", "title": "BBC Radio 3" }, { "id": "19319142", "score": "1.5428131", "text": "Radio Sarajevo 90,2 Radio Sarajevo 90,2 is a Bosnian commercial radio station, broadcasting from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The program is currently broadcast at one frequency (Sarajevo ), estimated number of potential listeners is around 443,685.<ref name=\"Broadcasting / technical requirements for radio stations\"></ref> It focuses on Urban music and entertainment talk shows. Former Radio Zid - Sarajevo (89.9 FM MHz) changed its name to current Radio Sarajevo 90,2 on 1 April 2004. The new name of the portal and the radio station reminds on the history of the former national public radio station in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1945-1992, called Radio", "title": "Radio Sarajevo 90,2" }, { "id": "12266211", "score": "1.5393233", "text": "station in nearby Crown Point, Indiana, resulted in a loss of their place on the radio dial. After a long appeal to the FCC, WPUM was transferred temporarily to 93.3 FM until another frequency became available in the non-commercial range on the FM dial. WPUM has been at 93.3 since the fall of 2008. When WPUM changed frequency, it also formally changed its format to include more of a variety rather than straight rock that the station had featured since its launch in 1977. As a result, 90.5 Puma Rock became 93.3 The Joe. WPUM Radio broadcast its last radio", "title": "WPUM" }, { "id": "11500952", "score": "1.5373677", "text": "these broadcast times the station was simply off the air, 1XX continued to operate their usual programme on 1242AM and were not allowed to broadcast their programme on this FM frequency. 1XX did not obtain their own permanent FM licence until 1988. FM 90.7 also made a return to the air during the following summer of 1982/83. FM 90.7 (New Zealand) FM 90.7 was a short term summer station in Whakatane New Zealand which operated between 5 January 1982 and 31 January 1982. This station is notably the very first FM station in New Zealand. FM 90.7 was operated as", "title": "FM 90.7 (New Zealand)" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "KEXP-FM\n\nKEXP-FM (90.3 MHz) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to Seattle, Washington, United States, specializing in alternative and indie rock programmed by its disc jockeys for the Seattle metropolitan area. The station is owned by the non-profit Friends of KEXP. KEXP hosts weekly programs dedicated to other musical genres, such as rockabilly, blues, world music, hip hop, electronica, punk, and alternative country. Live, in-studio performances by artists are also regularly scheduled. KEXP's studios are located at Seattle Center, while the transmitter is in the city's Capitol Hill neighborhood. In addition to a standard analog transmission, KEXP is available online.\n\nKEXP was started as KCMU, the student-run station of the University of Washington (UW), in 1972. It became recognized for its significant impact on the regional music scene, including being the first station to play Nirvana and Soundgarden in the late 1980s. In the 1990s, it went through several significant changes, including a multi-year standoff between management and some DJs over programming policies. After partnering with the Experience Music Project, now the Museum of Pop Culture, in 2001, the station began to grow into one with an international listener base thanks to an early investment in internet streaming and its website. UW transferred the license to Friends of KEXP in 2014; as part of the agreement, KEXP is still considered an affiliate of the university.", "title": "KEXP-FM" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "WCLV\n\nWCLV (90.3 FM) is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to Cleveland, Ohio, carrying a combined fine art/classical music and jazz format. Owned by Ideastream Public Media, the station serves both Greater Cleveland and Northeast Ohio as the home station for the Cleveland Orchestra and an affiliate of the BBC World Service.\n\nThis station traditionally has dated its start to September 8, 1984, when regular operations began under its current broadcast license. However, other accounts trace its history to the station it supplanted, WBOE. Under the auspices of the Cleveland Board of Education, WBOE signed on in 1938 as the first formally recognized educational radio station in the United States on the Apex band. In 1941, the station converted to the FM band, becoming not only the first educational FM station, but also the first licensed FM station in Cleveland and one of the first FM stations in Ohio. Featuring in-school instructional programming throughout the majority of its existence, WBOE joined National Public Radio (NPR) in 1977 but shut down the following year due to extreme fiscal distress within the Cleveland Public Schools; this resulted in the absence of public radio in Cleveland proper until successor station WCPN's launch in 1984. Originally one of two NPR member stations in the Northeast Ohio region alongside Kent–licensed WKSU, this station assumed the format and calls of WCLV from on March 28, 2022, following a programming merger between WCPN and WKSU.\n\nWCLV's studios are located at Playhouse Square in Downtown Cleveland with the transmitter residing in the Cleveland suburb of Parma. In addition to a standard analog transmission, WCLV broadcasts over two HD Radio channels, is partially simulcast over WKSU's third HD subchannel, relayed over WVIZ's 25.8 audio-only subchannel, and is available online.", "title": "WCLV" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "CKMP-FM\n\nCKMP-FM is a Canadian radio station serving Calgary, Alberta broadcasting at 90.3 FM. Owned by Stingray Group, it broadcasts a Top 40/CHR format branded as \"90.3 Amp Radio\". The station first signed on the air in 2007 as an alternative rock station branded as \"Fuel 90.3\" with its original call letters CFUL-FM, before adopting its current format in 2009. CKMP's studios are located on Centre Street in Eau Claire, while its transmitter is located on Old Banff Coach Road.\n\nAs of Winter 2020, CKMP is the 13th-most-listened-to radio station in the Calgary market according to a PPM data report released by Numeris.", "title": "CKMP-FM" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of radio stations in Michigan\n\nThe following is a list of FCC-licensed radio stations in the U.S. state of Michigan, which can be sorted by their call signs, frequencies, cities of license, licensees, and programming formats.\n\n", "title": "List of radio stations in Michigan" }, { "id": null, "score": null, "text": "List of radio stations in Wisconsin\n\nThe following is a list of FCC-licensed radio stations in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, which can be sorted by their call signs, frequencies, cities of license, licensees, and programming formats.\n\n\n", "title": "List of radio stations in Wisconsin" }, { "id": "15081841", "score": "1.528379", "text": "industry awards. On 30 September 1984 the station radically retooled, changing frequency from 1395 kHz to 900AM and callsign to 'Radio 90' to reflect the dial repositioning. The station returned to the original callsign by way of a transitional presentation 'Radio 90 2LT' in 1989, with full restoration of the 2LT moniker by late 1990. From 1997 the Main Street Lithgow facility has also housed a supplementary FM station, which began life as KISS 95.3. In August 2002 2LT and the FM supplementary licence changed hands and then went into administration. In 2005, KISS would change frequency to 107.9 FM", "title": "2LT (AM)" }, { "id": "11596633", "score": "1.5039723", "text": "WIRQ WIRQ (90.9 FM) is a non-profit radio station broadcasting an Alternative genre. The station is licensed to Rochester, New York, United States, and is owned by West Irondequoit Central School District. WIRQ began broadcasting on January 7,1960. Originally at 90.9 MHz, the station moved to 93.3 MHz in 1981, then in the early 1990s moved to 94.3 MHz for several years before moving again to 104.7 MHz. In mid February 2011 the station moved frequency yet again, back to its original 90.9 MHz. March 1983 marked the beginnings of the station's Alternative format. Before then, the station had been", "title": "WIRQ" }, { "id": "5252346", "score": "1.4995582", "text": "1995. On Tuesday 23 January 2007, the station switched to a new frequency of 90.3 MHz and was renamed \"Near90fm\". In 2012, the station reverted to using its former \"Near FM\" name. Near Media Co-op also runs a community television project – Near TV Productions – and an IT project called Near Online. The station also runs an internet cafe in the Northside Civic Centre, Coolock, where the project is based, as well as the Near Drama, Near Records, and Near Choice projects. Near fm is a founding member of CRAOL, The Community Radio Forum of Ireland. In the 1980s", "title": "Near FM" }, { "id": "5922176", "score": "1.4970905", "text": "plans to sell the 90.3 FM frequency to the Classical Public Radio Network, which is owned by the University of Southern California. In addition, USC announced that it had reached an agreement with Entercom Communications to take over the intellectual property of local classical outlet KDFC (102.1 FM), and moved the station's programming to the 90.3 FM frequency. The KUSF intellectual property remained with USF, which launched an upgraded online-only station.. The KUSF call sign now belongs to a radio station (91.3 FM) licensed to serve Glendale, Oregon, United States. Upon announcement of the sale, KUSF locked its doors, shut", "title": "KUSF (University of San Francisco)" }, { "id": "3068023", "score": "1.4957497", "text": "allotted 90.4 MHz in a given license area, then the next available frequency is 91.2 MHz. Further, once a radio station is allotted a frequency by the WPC, that particular frequency is blocked for a radius of 100 kilometers. Activists and community workers from across the country have banded together under the aegis of the Community Radio Forum of India to coordinate training and support for community radio stations, and to work for a more proactive community radio policy. The Community Radio Forum, India, was registered as a Society and Trust on 26 February 2008. Members from the Community Radio", "title": "Community radio" }, { "id": "5252345", "score": "1.493271", "text": "Near FM Near FM (North East Access Radio) 90.3 FM is a BAI-licensed, communally owned, and not-for-profit community media project. The project is operated by a democratic co-operative, Near Media Co-op, and is open to all organisations and individuals in Dublin North-East, Ireland. The station provides a wide range of specialist music programmes (blues, punk, ska etc.) as well as a variety of talk programming, incorporating a positive emphasis on facilitating and supporting community development and providing a platform to a wide range of local groups. Previously known as \"Near fm 101.6\", the station first went on air in August", "title": "Near FM" }, { "id": "19319143", "score": "1.4932283", "text": "Sarajevo. Today, its legal successor is national public broadcasting service, BHRT via BH Radio 1. Radio Sarajevo 90,2 Radio Sarajevo 90,2 is a Bosnian commercial radio station, broadcasting from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The program is currently broadcast at one frequency (Sarajevo ), estimated number of potential listeners is around 443,685.<ref name=\"Broadcasting / technical requirements for radio stations\"></ref> It focuses on Urban music and entertainment talk shows. Former Radio Zid - Sarajevo (89.9 FM MHz) changed its name to current Radio Sarajevo 90,2 on 1 April 2004. The new name of the portal and the radio station reminds on the", "title": "Radio Sarajevo 90,2" }, { "id": "18828017", "score": "1.4928112", "text": "AM band in New Zealand was changed from 10 kHz spacing to 9 kHz spacing the New Plymouth station moved to 1053AM and the Hawera station moved to 1557AM. Around 1992, the station began simulcasting on 90.0FM which was previously occupied by its sister station 'Q90FM', at this point the station became known as '90FM Radio Taranaki.' In 1993 Radio New Zealand rebranded many of their heritage stations as Classic Hits. For Radio Taranaki the station became known as Classic Hits 90FM. In the early nineties Radio New Zealand began rolling Newstalk ZB out across the country, in Taranaki the", "title": "Radio Taranaki" }, { "id": "8736389", "score": "1.4916476", "text": "to 91.9FM with a reduced broadcast power of 3 kW down from 56 kW On 27 August 2009, the ACMA announced that the station would be able to keeps its frequency with ABC Local Radio having to find another location to broadcast to the region. This followed widespread support from listeners and Local Government for The Pulse. 94.7 The Pulse 94.7 The Pulse (callsign: 3PLS), is a community radio station which broadcasts to the Geelong, Victoria region in Australia. \"The Pulse\" had been previously known as 3YYR, broadcasting on 100.3 MHz FM before becoming known as \"Geelong Community Radio\" on", "title": "94.7 The Pulse" }, { "id": "6228626", "score": "1.49044", "text": "JOY 94.9. In addition to the major players in Melbourne, there are many smaller radio stations catering to particular community interests. 3CR caters to a diverse range of community groups and community languages, 3XY 1422AM provides Greek language programming, 1593AM (Rete Italia) presents 24 hr/day Italian, 3CW 1341AM Chinese, and Pacific Islanders are now catered to on 3XX 1611AM which is better known for its 80s and 90s music during the day, and 3KND presents indigenous community programming. The FM band also features smaller suburban stations, and low powered services in various suburbs featuring programming ranging from dance music to", "title": "Media in Melbourne" }, { "id": "10656564", "score": "1.488719", "text": "2010, Vega 95.3 ceased transmission after just five years on air and the station was replaced with Classic Rock 95.3, which included (appropriately enough) a classic rock format. At exactly 7:00am in 21 May 2012, the station was relaunched as smoothfm 95.3 by Michael Bublé as the first on-air announcer. In August 2015, smoothfm 95.3 was crowned the number 1 FM station for the first time with an 8.2 share. Smooth 95.3 Smooth 95.3 (call sign: 2PTV) is a commercial radio station based in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The station is owned by NOVA Entertainment along with sister station,", "title": "Smooth 95.3" }, { "id": "11694572", "score": "1.487901", "text": "the AM dial at 1400 kHz to the FM dial. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission approved Newcap's application on February 22, 2012 and the new station will operate at 93.3 MHz. In 2012, CKSQ moved from 1400 kHz AM to 93.3 MHz FM and began testing in September. The official launch on FM was set for October 15, 2012. Formerly branded as Q14 Country, the station is now known as Q93.3 On November 7, 2016, CKSQ rebranded under the \"Real Country\" brand, as with other Newcap-owned country stations in Alberta. CKSQ-FM CKSQ-FM is a Canadian radio station that broadcasts", "title": "CKSQ-FM" }, { "id": "16684390", "score": "1.4841268", "text": "Radio 3 (Spanish radio station) Radio 3 is RTVE's third radio station that attracts half a million listeners per week. Its output mostly centres on indie, alternative, hip hop and dance music. Additionally, Radio 3 airs other music-themed programs such as Spanish folk music, flamenco, hip hop, jazz, country, blues, Brazilian music, heavy metal, country and new-age music. Besides music, Radio 3 also features serialised radio drama and collects news from different cultural expressions: literature, film, theater and visual arts, always highlighting and supporting the most innovative and restless in each discipline. Radio 3's programming is split roughly 70% specialist", "title": "Radio 3 (Spanish radio station)" }, { "id": "8736386", "score": "1.4837127", "text": "94.7 The Pulse 94.7 The Pulse (callsign: 3PLS), is a community radio station which broadcasts to the Geelong, Victoria region in Australia. \"The Pulse\" had been previously known as 3YYR, broadcasting on 100.3 MHz FM before becoming known as \"Geelong Community Radio\" on the same frequency. In 2001, frequency 100.3Mhz was issued to then new commercial station Nova 100 in Melbourne and the station was moved to its current frequency of 94.7 MHz FM and changed names to \"94.7 The Pulse\". Its studios which are based in 68-70 Lt Ryrie St, Geelong at the \"Geelong Media Education Centre\" is also", "title": "94.7 The Pulse" }, { "id": "4561299", "score": "1.4830315", "text": "transmitter power is 9.5KW which gives a 56 kw ERP. Nova 100 Nova 100 (call sign: 3MEL) is a commercial radio station in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, broadcasting on 100.3 MHz. The station is owned by NOVA Entertainment along with sister station, smoothfm 91.5. Nova 100 commenced on the Melbourne airwaves at 7 am Australian Eastern Daylight Time on Monday 3 December 2001, and was the first new commercial radio station in Melbourne for 21 years. Breakfast presenter Kate Langbroek was the first voice heard on the station, with The Avalanches song \"Frontier Psychiatrist\" being the first song played on the", "title": "Nova 100" } ]