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4.35k
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid
|
What disease can be treated with Glofitamab?
|
['DLBCL']
|
[
"DLBCL",
"Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma",
"Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma",
"DLBCL lymphoma",
"Large B-cell lymphoma"
] |
['Glofitamab is being tested for treatment of DLBCL after CAR T-Cell Therapy']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35626120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34941996",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36198538"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35626120",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "Glofitamab Treatment in Relapsed or Refractory DLBCL after CAR T-Cell Therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35626120",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 361,
"offsetInEndSection": 624,
"text": "In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a monotherapy with the bispecific CD20xCD3 antibody glofitamab in patients who progressed after CAR T treatment. We report nine consecutive patients with progressive DLBCL after preceding CAR T-cell therapy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35626120",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1106,
"offsetInEndSection": 1284,
"text": "Our data suggest that glofitamab treatment is well tolerated and effective in patients with DLBCL relapsing after CAR T-cell therapy and can enhance residual CAR T-cell activity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36198538",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 674,
"offsetInEndSection": 976,
"text": "Bispecific antibodies such as epcoritamab, mosunetuzumab, and glofitamab, anti-CD19 antibody drug tafasitamab combined with lenalidomide, CD19 antibody drug conjugate loncastuximab tesirine, oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export selinexor, and several new agents have been investigated for DLBCL. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34941996",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 200,
"text": "Glofitamab, a novel CD20xCD3, T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody, exhibited single-agent activity in Study NP30179, a first-in-human, phase 1 trial in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
63eeeb70f36125a426000005
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Does metformin interfere thyroxine absorption?
|
['No']
|
[
"No"
] |
['There are not reported data indicating that metformin interferes with thyroxine absorption']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23554450",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23264396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23244059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23154888",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23072197",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21748540",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21633823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21468525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21041167"
] |
[] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008687",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013974",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000042"
] | null |
51406e6223fec90375000009
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Is there a relation between ANP and transcapillary albumin escape?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
A possible role of ANP gene in conferring protection from nephropathy and microvascular damage in type 1 diabetes is present.
ANP infusion in healthy subjects caused a shift of plasma water and electrolytes from the circulation, with albumin escape as a secondary phenomenon
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405209",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7579054",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8432776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9815090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9338510",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8065837",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9702472",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2956451",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2148091",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23927843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092997",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1837999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1320716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2142858",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15481764",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12087555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2958207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8853382",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2526450",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2148510",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2952859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2210073",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17070433"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405209",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2008,
"offsetInEndSection": 2257,
"text": "Thus, in a large ethnically homogeneous cohort of diabetic subjects, our data show: (1) a significant association of C708/T polymorphism with microalbuminuria in long-term diabetes and with both lower plasma ANP levels and widespread albumin leakage"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405209",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2376,
"offsetInEndSection": 2511,
"text": "hese results suggest a possible role of PND gene in conferring protection from nephropathy and microvascular damage in type 1 diabetes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7579054",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1247,
"offsetInEndSection": 1462,
"text": "Moreover, the increased susceptibility of the glomerular capillaries in diabetics to ANP seems to be part of a more generalized capillary abnormality, because ANP also increases the transcapillary escape of albumin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8432776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1263,
"offsetInEndSection": 1433,
"text": "In summary, low dose ANP infusion in healthy subjects caused a shift of plasma water and electrolytes from the circulation, with albumin escape as a secondary phenomenon."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009320",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000418",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017461",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012709",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013668"
] |
[] |
5321b8a39b2d7acc7e000009
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Has dupilumab been FDA approved for atopic dermatitis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, dupilumab has been approved by FDA for atopic dermatitis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31603635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32439390",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31364023",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30785362"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31364023",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 315,
"offsetInEndSection": 575,
"text": "Recent advances and understanding of the pathogenesis of AD have resulted in new therapies that target specific pathways with increased efficacy and the potential for less systemic side effects. New FDA-approved therapies for AD are crisaborole and dupilumab. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30785362",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 225,
"offsetInEndSection": 510,
"text": "In March of 2017, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved dupilumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults that is uncontrolled with topical medications, becoming the first biologic agent approved to treat this chronic skin condition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32439390",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 83,
"text": "Dupilumab is the first US FDA approved biologic for treatment of atopic dermatitis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32344789",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Dupilumab is the first biological treatment approved for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD)."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
606b718994d57fd87900006b
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Does Rad9 interact with Aft1 in S.cerevisiae?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. Rad9 functions together with Aft1 on DNA damage-prone chromatin to facilitate genome surveillance, thereby ensuring rapid and effective response to possible DNA damage events.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Rad9 interacts with Aft1 to facilitate genome surveillance in fragile genomic sites under non-DNA damage-inducing conditions in S. cerevisiae."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 186,
"offsetInEndSection": 1376,
"text": "Here we show that Rad9 checkpoint protein, known to mediate the damage signal from upstream to downstream essential kinases, interacts with Aft1 transcription factor in the budding yeast. Aft1 regulates iron homeostasis and is also involved in genome integrity having additional iron-independent functions. Using genome-wide expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches, we found Rad9 to be recruited to 16% of the yeast genes, often related to cellular growth and metabolism, while affecting the transcription of ∼2% of the coding genome in the absence of exogenously induced DNA damage. Importantly, Rad9 is recruited to fragile genomic regions (transcriptionally active, GC rich, centromeres, meiotic recombination hotspots and retrotransposons) non-randomly and in an Aft1-dependent manner. Further analyses revealed substantial genome-wide parallels between Rad9 binding patterns to the genome and major activating histone marks, such as H3K36me, H3K79me and H3K4me. Thus, our findings suggest that Rad9 functions together with Aft1 on DNA damage-prone chromatin to facilitate genome surveillance, thereby ensuring rapid and effective response to possible DNA damage events."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 186,
"offsetInEndSection": 372,
"text": "Here we show that Rad9 checkpoint protein, known to mediate the damage signal from upstream to downstream essential kinases, interacts with Aft1 transcription factor in the budding yeast"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "Rad9 interacts with Aft1 to facilitate genome surveillance in fragile genomic sites under non-DNA damage-inducing conditions in S. cerevisiae"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Rad9 interacts with Aft1 to facilitate genome surveillance in fragile genomic sites under non-DNA damage-inducing conditions in S. cerevisiae."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 186,
"offsetInEndSection": 786,
"text": "Here we show that Rad9 checkpoint protein, known to mediate the damage signal from upstream to downstream essential kinases, interacts with Aft1 transcription factor in the budding yeast. Aft1 regulates iron homeostasis and is also involved in genome integrity having additional iron-independent functions. Using genome-wide expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches, we found Rad9 to be recruited to 16% of the yeast genes, often related to cellular growth and metabolism, while affecting the transcription of ?2% of the coding genome in the absence of exogenously induced DNA damage. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 786,
"offsetInEndSection": 1376,
"text": "Importantly, Rad9 is recruited to fragile genomic regions (transcriptionally active, GC rich, centromeres, meiotic recombination hotspots and retrotransposons) non-randomly and in an Aft1-dependent manner. Further analyses revealed substantial genome-wide parallels between Rad9 binding patterns to the genome and major activating histone marks, such as H3K36me, H3K79me and H3K4me. Thus, our findings suggest that Rad9 functions together with Aft1 on DNA damage-prone chromatin to facilitate genome surveillance, thereby ensuring rapid and effective response to possible DNA damage events."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Rad9 interacts with Aft1 to facilitate genome surveillance in fragile genomic sites under non-DNA damage-inducing conditions in S. cerevisiae."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Rad9 interacts with Aft1 to facilitate genome surveillance in fragile genomic sites under non-DNA damage-inducing conditions in S. cerevisiae."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Rad9 interacts with Aft1 to facilitate genome surveillance in fragile genomic sites under non-DNA damage-inducing conditions in S. cerevisiae."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Rad9 interacts with Aft1 to facilitate genome surveillance in fragile genomic sites under non-DNA damage-inducing conditions in S. cerevisiae."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25300486",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Rad9 interacts with Aft1 to facilitate genome surveillance in fragile genomic sites under non-DNA damage-inducing conditions in S. cerevisiae."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAD9_SCHPO",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAD9B_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAD9B_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAD9B_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAD9A_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAD9A_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAD9B_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RHNO1_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RHNO1_HUMAN",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012441",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4263227",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D029701",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAD9_SCHOT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RAD9_YEAST",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NPBL_COPC7"
] |
[] |
56b9c937ac7ad10019000001
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What is the effect of carbamazepine on CYP3A4?
|
['Induces', 'inducer', 'induction']
|
[
"Induces",
"inducer",
"induction"
] |
['Carbamazepine is an inducer of CYP3A4.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31650711"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31650711",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 274,
"offsetInEndSection": 379,
"text": "Carbamazepine, a UGT and cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer, is a first-line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
606ab57394d57fd87900004f
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Do archaeal genomes contain one or multiple origins of replication?
|
['mostly multiple']
|
[
"mostly multiple",
"multiple",
"mostly",
"primarily multiple",
"largely multiple"
] |
Some archaea replicate from single origins but most archaea and all eukaryotes replicate using multiple origins.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15197606",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12646230",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12237132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24185008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23375370",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22978470",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22942672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22812406",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978102",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20667100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922777",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17511521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17392430",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16249118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15876567",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11521661"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15197606",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1056,
"offsetInEndSection": 1407,
"text": "Therefore, these lines of evidence strongly suggest that the identified region is a replication origin, which is designated as oriC1. The analysis of the y component of the Z curve, i.e., MK disparity curve, suggests the presence of another replication origin corresponding to one of the peaks in the MK disparity curve at around 1,388 kb of the genom"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12237132",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 927,
"offsetInEndSection": 1039,
"text": "Our results strongly suggest that the single replication origin of M. mazei is situated at the intergenic region"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24185008",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 294,
"offsetInEndSection": 424,
"text": "Bacteria and some archaea replicate from single origins, whereas most archaea and all eukaryotes replicate using multiple origins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23375370",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 17,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "multiple DNA replication origins are a hallmark of Eukaryotes and some Archaea"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22978470",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 403,
"offsetInEndSection": 509,
"text": "Multiple orc/cdc6-associated replication origins were predicted in all of the analyzed haloarchaeal genome"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22942672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 717,
"offsetInEndSection": 822,
"text": "different replication origins in some archaeal genomes leave quite different patterns of strand asymmetry"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22812406",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 218,
"offsetInEndSection": 301,
"text": "the single chromosome of Pyrobaculum calidifontis contains four replication origins"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978102",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 469,
"offsetInEndSection": 569,
"text": "six archaeal genomes from the genus Sulfolobus containing three origins of replication were selected"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20667100",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 641,
"offsetInEndSection": 835,
"text": "The strong replication-biased structuring of the Sulfolobus chromosome implies that the multiple replication origins serve purposes other than simply shortening the time required for replication"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18922777",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 237,
"offsetInEndSection": 295,
"text": "The 3 DNA replication origins of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17511521",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 459,
"offsetInEndSection": 665,
"text": "We have used a combination of genetic, biochemical, and bioinformatic approaches to map DNA replication origins in H. volcanii. Five autonomously replicating sequences were found adjacent to cdc6/orc1 genes"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17392430",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 325,
"offsetInEndSection": 427,
"text": "the multiple replication origin paradigm has also been demonstrated within the archaeal domain of life"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16249118",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 17,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "multiple chromosome replication origins in Sulfolobus species has added yet another eukaryotic trait to the archaea"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15876567",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 197,
"offsetInEndSection": 434,
"text": "We employed Z-curve analysis to identify one replication origin in the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii genome, two replication origins in the Halobacterium species NRC-1 genome and one replication origin in the Methanosarcina mazei genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11521661",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 104,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "Archaea seem to replicate using a single origin (as do eubacteria) even though archaeal replication factors are more like those of eukaryotes"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12646230",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 739,
"offsetInEndSection": 877,
"text": "Based on the above analysis, a model of replication of Halobacterium NRC-1 with two replication origins and two termini has been proposed."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12646230",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1132,
"offsetInEndSection": 1285,
"text": "In addition, the potential multiple replication origins of the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus are suggested by the analysis based on the Z curve method"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22978470",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 140,
"text": "While multiple replication origins have been observed in archaea, considerably less is known about their evolutionary processes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22978470",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1608,
"offsetInEndSection": 1680,
"text": "multiple orc/cdc6-associated replication origins in haloarchaeal genomes"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018741",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020745"
] |
[] |
52fe58f82059c6d71c00007a
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What disease can be treated with Trofinetide?
|
['Rett syndrome']
|
[
"Rett syndrome",
"Rett's syndrome",
"Rett disorder",
"Rett's disorder",
"MECP2-related disorder",
"MECP2 syndrome"
] |
['Trofinetide is approved for Rett syndrome.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28964591",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37714122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38017349",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37568516",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37291210",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35622206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38035006",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37635789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35149233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30918097",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37191913"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37291210",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 75,
"text": "Trofinetide for the treatment of Rett syndrome: a randomized phase 3 study."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37291210",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1209,
"offsetInEndSection": 1414,
"text": "Significant improvement for trofinetide compared with placebo was observed for the coprimary efficacy endpoints, suggesting that trofinetide provides benefit in treating the core symptoms of Rett syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37191913",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 317,
"offsetInEndSection": 459,
"text": "Trofinetide was approved in March 2023 in the USA for the treatment of Rett syndrome in adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37635789",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 964,
"offsetInEndSection": 1188,
"text": "In LAVENDER, the FDA-approved drug trofinetide significantly improved the RSBQ total score over placebo in girls and women with RTT and change from baseline for all RSBQ subscores were directionally in favor of trofinetide. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37568516",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 276,
"offsetInEndSection": 369,
"text": " Recently, Trofinetide was approved by the USFDA on 10 March 2023 as the first RTT treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37568516",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1678,
"offsetInEndSection": 1873,
"text": "Trofinetide is one of the important milestones for RTT therapy and is the beginning of a new era for the therapy of RTT, FXS, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), brain injury, stroke, and other NDDs."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38035006",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 55,
"text": "Trofinetide-a new chapter in rett syndrome's treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38035006",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 480,
"text": "Trofinetide is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat Rett Syndrome in children aged 2 years or above. The drug significantly improved Rett syndrome behavioral scores Rett syndrome behavioral questionnaire in clinical studies. Although further research is needed to assess potential adverse events, Trofinetide's notable efficacy signifies a significant advancement in Rett syndrome treatment, offering a new therapeutic avenue with the potential to ameliorate the condition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38035006",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 231,
"text": "Trofinetide is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat Rett Syndrome in children aged 2 years or above. The drug significantly improved Rett syndrome behavioral scores Rett syndrome behavioral questionnaire in clinical studies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38035006",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "Trofinetide is the first drug approved by the FDA to treat Rett Syndrome in children aged 2 years or above."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38035006",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 108,
"offsetInEndSection": 480,
"text": "The drug significantly improved Rett syndrome behavioral scores Rett syndrome behavioral questionnaire in clinical studies. Although further research is needed to assess potential adverse events, Trofinetide's notable efficacy signifies a significant advancement in Rett syndrome treatment, offering a new therapeutic avenue with the potential to ameliorate the condition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38035006",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 232,
"offsetInEndSection": 480,
"text": "Although further research is needed to assess potential adverse events, Trofinetide's notable efficacy signifies a significant advancement in Rett syndrome treatment, offering a new therapeutic avenue with the potential to ameliorate the condition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28964591",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1237,
"offsetInEndSection": 1586,
"text": "SION: Trofinetide was well tolerated in adolescent and adult females with Rett syndrome. Although this study had a relatively short duration in a small number of subjects with an advanced stage of disease, consistent efficacy trends at the higher dose were observed in several outcome measures that assess important dimensions of Rett syndrome. Thes"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35622206",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 246,
"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Trofinetide, a synthetic analog of tripeptide glycine-proline-glutamate, is an investigational agent for the treatment of Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder with affected individuals requiring lifelong support."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38017349",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Trofinetide is the first drug to be approved for the treatment of Rett syndrome, a ne"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37568516",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 369,
"text": "Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare disability causing female-oriented pediatric neurodevelopmental unmet medical need. RTT was recognized in 1966. However, over the past 56 years, the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has authorized no effective treatment for RTT. Recently, Trofinetide was approved by the USFDA on 10 March 2023 as the first RTT treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35622206",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Trofinetide, a synthetic analog of tripeptide glycine-proline-glutamate, is an investigational agent for the treatment of Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder with affected individuals r"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30918097",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 269,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: To determine safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of trofinetide and evaluate its efficacy in female children/adolescents with Rett syndrome (RTT), a debilitating neurodevelopmental condition for which no pharmacotherapies directed at core features are"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28964591",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 274,
"text": "BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the safety and tolerability of trofinetide and to evaluate efficacy measures in adolescent and adult females with Rett syndrome, a serious and debilitating neurodevelopmental condition for which no therapies are available for its co"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37714122",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 997,
"offsetInEndSection": 1230,
"text": "There are drugs in the research phase such as oxytocin, vasopressin and even some developed for specific entities related to autism such as arbaclofen in Fragile X and Trofinetide that has just been approved for use in Rett syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37191913",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 460,
"text": "Trofinetide (DAYBUE™), an oral, small molecule, synthetic analog of glycine-proline-glutamate [GPE; the N-terminal tripeptide derivative of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)], is being developed by Neuren Pharmaceuticals and Acadia Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of rare childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Trofinetide was approved in March 2023 in the USA for the treatment of Rett syndrome in adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35149233",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 844,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder with no approved treatments. Trofinetide is a synthetic analog of glycine-proline-glutamate, the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor 1. In a phase 2, placebo-controlled trial in 82 females with RTT aged 5-15 years, a significant (p ≤ 0.042) improvement over placebo was observed with the highest trofinetide dose (200 mg/kg twice daily [BID]) on three measures: Rett Syndrome Behaviour Questionnaire (RSBQ), Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I), and RTT-Clinician Domain Specific Concerns-Visual Analog Scale (RTT-DSC-VAS). Trofinetide was well tolerated at all doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BID). A phase 3 trial utilizing disease-specific and novel scales was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of trofinetide in girls and "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38017349",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 22,
"offsetInEndSection": 172,
"text": "VE: Trofinetide is the first drug to be approved for the treatment of Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder. The purpose of the study is to ful"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37714122",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1165,
"offsetInEndSection": 1230,
"text": "Trofinetide that has just been approved for use in Rett syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35622206",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Trofinetide, a synthetic analog of tripeptide glycine-proline-glutamate, is an investigational agent for the treatment of Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder with affected individuals requiring lifelong support"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38017349",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Trofinetide is the first drug to be approved for the treatment of Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30918097",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 279,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: To determine safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of trofinetide and evaluate its efficacy in female children/adolescents with Rett syndrome (RTT), a debilitating neurodevelopmental condition for which no pharmacotherapies directed at core features are available"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28964591",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 285,
"text": "BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the safety and tolerability of trofinetide and to evaluate efficacy measures in adolescent and adult females with Rett syndrome, a serious and debilitating neurodevelopmental condition for which no therapies are available for its core features"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37191913",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 582,
"text": "Trofinetide (DAYBUE™), an oral, small molecule, synthetic analog of glycine-proline-glutamate [GPE; the N-terminal tripeptide derivative of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)], is being developed by Neuren Pharmaceuticals and Acadia Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of rare childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Trofinetide was approved in March 2023 in the USA for the treatment of Rett syndrome in adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of trofinetide leading to this first approval for Rett syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37191913",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 459,
"text": "Trofinetide (DAYBUE™), an oral, small molecule, synthetic analog of glycine-proline-glutamate [GPE; the N-terminal tripeptide derivative of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)], is being developed by Neuren Pharmaceuticals and Acadia Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of rare childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Trofinetide was approved in March 2023 in the USA for the treatment of Rett syndrome in adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37191913",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 317,
"offsetInEndSection": 582,
"text": "Trofinetide was approved in March 2023 in the USA for the treatment of Rett syndrome in adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of trofinetide leading to this first approval for Rett syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38017349",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 249,
"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Trofinetide is the first drug to be approved for the treatment of Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder. The purpose of the study is to fully characterize the metabolic and excretion profiles of trofinetide in humans"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37291210",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 62,
"offsetInEndSection": 271,
"text": "Trofinetide is a synthetic analog of glycine-proline-glutamate, the N-terminal tripeptide of the insulin-like growth factor 1 protein, and has demonstrated clinical benefit in phase 2 studies in Rett syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28964591",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study of Trofinetide in the Treatment of Rett Syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37291210",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 271,
"text": "Rett syndrome is a rare, genetic neurodevelopmental disorder. Trofinetide is a synthetic analog of glycine-proline-glutamate, the N-terminal tripeptide of the insulin-like growth factor 1 protein, and has demonstrated clinical benefit in phase 2 studies in Rett syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30918097",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of trofinetide in pediatric Rett syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35149233",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 217,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Rett syndrome (RTT) is a debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder with no approved treatments. Trofinetide is a synthetic analog of glycine-proline-glutamate, the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like gr"
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
65d134bd1930410b13000037
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which species of bacteria did the mitochondria originate from?
|
[['Biologists agree that the ancestor of mitochondria was an alpha-proteobacterium.']]
|
[
"alpha-proteobacterium",
"α-proteobacterium",
"alpha proteobacteria",
"alpha proteobacterium",
"alphaproteobacteria",
"alphaproteobacterium",
"alpha proteobacterium ancestor",
"ancestor of mitochondria"
] |
['Biologists agree that the ancestor of mitochondria was an alpha-proteobacterium. Although the Alphaproteobacteria are thought to be the closest relatives of the mitochondrial progenitor, there is dispute as to what its particular sister group is. Accumulating evolutionary data point to a monophyletic origin of mitochondria from the order Rickettsiales. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that R. prowazekii is more closely related to mitochondria than is any other microbe studied so far.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21300273",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17251118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16822756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11508688",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10376009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823893",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9711305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16157484",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16381962"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21300273",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 412,
"text": "Recently, α-proteobacteria have been shown to possess virus-like gene transfer agents that facilitate high frequency gene transfer in natural environments between distantly related lineages. This system could have driven the genomic integration of the mitochondrial progenitor and its proto-eukaryote host and contributed to the evolutionary mosaic of genes seen in modern-day prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217797",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 80,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "Although the Alphaproteobacteria are thought to be the closest relatives of the mitochondrial progenitor, there is dispute as to what its particular sister group is."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217797",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1172,
"offsetInEndSection": 1440,
"text": "More detailed phylogenetic analyses with additional Alphaproteobacteria and including genes from the mitochondria of Reclinomonas americana found matches of mitochondrial genes to those of members of the Rickettsiaceae, Anaplasmataceae, and Rhodospirillaceae families."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17251118",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 80,
"text": "Biologists agree that the ancestor of mitochondria was an alpha-proteobacterium."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16822756",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 80,
"text": "Mitochondria originated by permanent enslavement of purple non-sulphur bacteria."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 192,
"offsetInEndSection": 339,
"text": "Phylogenetic analyses based on genes located in the mitochondrial genome indicate that these genes originated from within the alpha-proteobacteria."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12594925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1133,
"offsetInEndSection": 1393,
"text": "The strong relationship with alpha-proteobacterial genes observed for some mitochondrial genes, combined with the lack of such a relationship for others, indicates that the modern mitochondrial proteome is the product of both reductive and expansive processes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11508688",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "Accumulating evolutionary data point to a monophyletic origin of mitochondria from the order Rickettsiales."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10376009",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 338,
"offsetInEndSection": 511,
"text": "Evolutionary analyses of proteins encoded in the genome contain the strongest phylogenetic evidence to date for the view that mitochondria descend from alpha-proteobacteria."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823893",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 218,
"offsetInEndSection": 551,
"text": "The functional profiles of these genes show similarities to those of mitochondrial genes: no genes required for anaerobic glycolysis are found in either R. prowazekii or mitochondrial genomes, but a complete set of genes encoding components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory-chain complex is found in R. prowazekii."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823893",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1119,
"offsetInEndSection": 1250,
"text": "Phylogenetic analyses indicate that R. prowazekii is more closely related to mitochondria than is any other microbe studied so far."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9711305",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 175,
"offsetInEndSection": 464,
"text": "The phylogenetic analysis supports the hypothesis that mitochondria are derived from the alpha-proteobacteria and more specifically from within the Rickettsiaceae. We have estimated that the common ancestor of mitochondria and Rickettsiaceae dates back to more than 1500 million years ago."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16381962",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 434,
"offsetInEndSection": 665,
"text": "GOBASE also includes a fully reannotated genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii, one of the closest bacterial relatives of mitochondria, and will shortly expand to contain more data from bacteria from which organelles originated."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823893",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823893",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823893",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823893",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823893",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "The genome sequence of Rickettsia prowazekii and the origin of mitochondria."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16157484",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "Although mitochondria derive from alpha-proteobacteria, many proteins acting in this organelle did not originate from bacteria."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001419",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005739",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008928"
] |
[] |
56c58f1b5795f9a73e000001
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the enzymatic activity of PARL?
|
['PARL are serine proteases']
|
[
"PARL",
"Presenilin-associated rhomboid-like protein",
"Presenilin-associated rhomboid-like",
"PARL serine protease"
] |
['the mitochondrial protease presenilin-associated rhomboid-like (PARL). Rhomboids are a recently discovered family of widely distributed intramembrane serine proteases.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17938163",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415861",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21355049",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19859837"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21355049",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 743,
"offsetInEndSection": 970,
"text": "Here we demonstrate that the mitochondrial protease presenilin-associated rhomboid-like (PARL) can affect the proteolytic processing of PINK1 and that normal PINK1 localization and stability requires PARL's catalytic activity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415861",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 210,
"text": "The mitochondrial rhomboid protease Parl governs apoptosis, morphology, metabolism and might be implicated in Parkinson's disease, but the structural basis of its activity and complex regulation remain unknown."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19859837",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 43,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": ". In this study, we evaluated the mRNA levels of presenilins-associated rhomboid-like protein (PARL) and mitochondrial content and enzyme activity from skeletal muscle isolated from insulin-resistant rats."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17938163",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Rhomboids are a recently discovered family of widely distributed intramembrane serine proteases. "
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
| null | null |
58dfe6b56fddd3e83e000004
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
ZF2001 is used for which disease?
|
['COVID-19']
|
[
"COVID-19",
"Coronavirus Disease 2019",
"SARS-CoV-2 infection",
"2019-nCoV",
"Novel Coronavirus",
"Wuhan Coronavirus",
"COVID",
"Coronavirus"
] |
['ZF2001 is used for COVID-19.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35617368",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35568034",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35634276",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35596222"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35617368",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 217,
"text": "Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boost immunization with an adenovirus type-5-vectored and protein-subunit-based COVID-19 vaccine (Convidecia/ZF2001): A randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35617368",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 134,
"offsetInEndSection": 420,
"text": "We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of heterologous immunization with a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine (Convidecia, hereafter referred to as CV) and a protein-subunit-based COVID-19 vaccine (ZF2001, hereafter referred to as ZF)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35617368",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 3124,
"offsetInEndSection": 3314,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Heterologous boosting with ZF2001 following primary vaccination with Convidecia is more immunogenic than a single dose of Convidecia and is not associated with safety concerns. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35634276",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1434,
"offsetInEndSection": 1539,
"text": "Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (CoronaVac, BBIBP-CorV, and ZF2001) are safe in thyroid cancer patients. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35596222",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Effective protection of ZF2001 against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in lethal K18-hACE2 mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35596222",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 260,
"text": "To investigate the protective efficacy and mechanism of ZF2001 (a protein subunit vaccine with conditional approval in China) to SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant-induced severe pneumonia, the lethal challenge model of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice was used in this study. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35568034",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 97,
"offsetInEndSection": 233,
"text": "Previously, we developed the protein subunit vaccine ZF2001 based on the dimeric receptor-binding domain (RBD) of prototype SARS-CoV-2. "
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
63f03c47f36125a42600001e
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which plant does oleuropein originate from?
|
['Olive tree']
|
[
"Olive tree",
"Olea europaea",
"European olive",
"Olive",
"Olive plant"
] |
['Oleuropein originates from olive trees, and is specifically found in olive leaf extracts.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099642"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099642",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Oleuropein Is Responsible for the Major Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Olive Leaf Extract."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099642",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 745,
"offsetInEndSection": 854,
"text": "Oleuropein is the only OLE component that has shown anti-inflammatory effects at a concentration of 20 μg/mL."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099642",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1015,
"offsetInEndSection": 1242,
"text": "Downregulation of TNFα secretion in PMNCs culture in response to OLE treatment indicates that this polyphenol-rich extract has an anti-inflammatory effect, and oleuropein is the major OLE component responsible for this effect. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c890ad575a4a5d21900000d
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
In which breast cancer patients can palbociclib be used?
|
[['hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative']]
|
[
"hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative",
"HR-positive, HER2-negative",
"hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative",
"HR+/HER2-",
"estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative",
"ER-positive, HER2-negative"
] |
['Palbociclib is useful for women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26236140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25524798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792301"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26236140",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "Women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- negative breast cancer-the most common subtype-have new options as palbociclib and similar drugs debut. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25524798",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 441,
"offsetInEndSection": 637,
"text": "We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of palbociclib in combination with letrozole as first-line treatment of patients with advanced, oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001943",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1612"
] |
[] |
56d06e043975bb303a000011
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
With which cancers has the loss of SMARCB1 been associated?
|
['chordomas', 'childhood chordomas', 'infantile chordomas', 'CCs']
|
[
"chordomas",
"childhood chordomas",
"infantile chordomas",
"CCs",
"chordoma"
] |
['Genotyping cancer-associated genes in chordoma identifies mutations in oncogenes and areas of chromosomal loss involving CDKN2A, PTEN, and SMARCB1 Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas (CCs)', 'We therefore sought to identify novel mutations to better understand chordoma biology and to potentially identify therapeutic targets Genotyping cancer-associated genes in chordoma identifies mutations in oncogenes and areas of chromosomal loss involving CDKN2A, PTEN, and SMARCB1', 'The diagnosis is all the more challenging that other poorly differentiated cancers lose SMARCB1 expression, such as epithelioid sarcomas (ES), renal medullary carcinomas (RMC) or undifferentiated chordomas (UC) Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas (CCs)', 'Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas (CCs).', 'Genotyping cancer-associated genes in chordoma identifies mutations in oncogenes and areas of chromosomal loss involving CDKN2A, PTEN, and SMARCB1. Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas . The diagnosis is all the more challenging that other poorly differentiated cancers lose SMARCB1 expression, such as epithelioid sarcomas . ']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825187",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28427232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27635948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24983247",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28812319"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24983247",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 71,
"offsetInEndSection": 204,
"text": "We therefore sought to identify novel mutations to better understand chordoma biology and to potentially identify therapeutic targets"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24983247",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "Genotyping cancer-associated genes in chordoma identifies mutations in oncogenes and areas of chromosomal loss involving CDKN2A, PTEN, and SMARCB1"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24983247",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1520,
"offsetInEndSection": 1884,
"text": "When this data is paired with the studies showing 18 of 21 chordoma samples displaying copy loss at the locus for CDKN2A, 17 of 21 chordoma samples displaying copy loss at PTEN, and 3 of 4 chordoma samples displaying deletion at the SMARCB1 locus, we can infer that a loss of heterozygosity at these three loci may play a significant role in chordoma pathogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27635948",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 46,
"text": "SMARCB1/INI1 Involvement in Pediatric Chordoma"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27635948",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1011,
"offsetInEndSection": 1170,
"text": "All 8 cases were positive for brachyury, whereas there was no nuclear SMARCB1/INI1 expression in 4 of the 8 cases, including the poorly differentiated chordoma"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27635948",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 536,
"offsetInEndSection": 722,
"text": " In this study, we considered immunohistochemistry and SMARCB1/INI1 mutational status to examine SMARCB1 status in a series of pediatric chordomas (7 classic and 1 poorly differentiated)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27635948",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1643,
"offsetInEndSection": 1703,
"text": "pathogenic involvement of SMARCB1/INI1 in childhood chordoma"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28427232",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 170,
"offsetInEndSection": 380,
"text": "The diagnosis is all the more challenging that other poorly differentiated cancers lose SMARCB1 expression, such as epithelioid sarcomas (ES), renal medullary carcinomas (RMC) or undifferentiated chordomas (UC)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825187",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas (CCs)"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28812319",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "Poorly differentiated chordoma with loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression in pediatric patients"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28812319",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 346,
"text": "Identification of loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression in poorly differentiated (PD) chordoma in pediatric patients suggests that PD chordoma is an entity molecularly distinct from conventional chordoma or atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, which is also characterized by loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression by inactivating mutation of the SMARCB1/INI gene"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28812319",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 348,
"offsetInEndSection": 452,
"text": "So far, around 20 cases of pediatric PD chordoma with loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression have been reported"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28812319",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 454,
"offsetInEndSection": 596,
"text": "Here, we report two cases of pediatric PD chordoma with loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression, which is very rare among the pediatric chordoma types"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28812319",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1128,
"offsetInEndSection": 1336,
"text": "Based on the clival location and histologic findings along with the loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression and positivity for nuclear brachyury staining, the final pathologic diagnosis for both cases was PD chordoma"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825187",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas (CCs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28427232",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 170,
"offsetInEndSection": 381,
"text": "The diagnosis is all the more challenging that other poorly differentiated cancers lose SMARCB1 expression, such as epithelioid sarcomas (ES), renal medullary carcinomas (RMC) or undifferentiated chordomas (UC)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825187",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 801,
"text": "loss of smarcb1 ini1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas ccs although mutation loss of 22q has strongly established the loss of smarcb1 ini1 in cancers the cause in ccs remains elusive recent studies suggest role of mirnas in regulation of smarcb1 ini1 expressions we examined 5 reported target predicted mirnas to smarcb1 ini1 in smarcb1 ini1 immunonegative and immunopositive cases and found upregulation of mir 671 5p and mir 193a 5p in smarcb1 ini1 immunonegative cases notably these two mirnas were significantly predicted to target tgf β signaling suggestive of dysregulation of developmental and osteoblast regulation pathway in ccs overall we suggest mir 671 5p and mir 193a 5p mediated epigenetic mode of smarcb1 ini1 loss and downregulated tgf β pathway in ccs."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27635948",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "smarcb1 ini1 involvement in pediatric chordoma a mutational and immunohistochemical analysis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27635948",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1725,
"text": "chordomas arise in the skull base and spine and usually occur in adults and are rare in the pediatric population cases of chordoma in pediatric age are often poorly differentiated showing cytologic atypia increased cellularity and mitosis and their aggressive behavior is associated with a high incidence of metastatic spread and a short patient survival recent studies have described loss of smarcb1 ini1 protein in poorly differentiated chordomas associated not with point mutations but with smarcb1 ini1 gene deletions instead in this study we considered immunohistochemistry and smarcb1 ini1 mutational status to examine smarcb1 status in a series of pediatric chordomas 7 classic and 1 poorly differentiated we performed immunohistochemical tests for ini1 brachyury s100 and cytokeratins and conducted a genetic analysis on the smarcb1 coding sequence nm 003073 using the sanger method and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification to detect abnormal copy numbers of the gene locus all 8 cases were positive for brachyury whereas there was no nuclear smarcb1 ini1 expression in 4 of the 8 cases including the poorly differentiated chordoma genetic analysis identified a missense mutation in 2 cases and a nonsense mutation associated with loss of smarcb1 ini1 protein and features of poorly differentiated tumor in 1 these mutations were novel variants occurring in heterozygosity and they were judged to be pathogenic by 3 different bioinformatic tools in 7 of 8 cases we performed multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification and 3 cases showed deletions at the smarcb1 locus our results confirm the pathogenic involvement of smarcb1 ini1 in childhood chordoma we also describe 3 novel pathogenic mutations."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5a86f074faa1ab7d2e00003a
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the tradename of apixaban?
|
['Eliquis']
|
[
"Eliquis",
"Apixaban",
"Bristol-Myers Squibb",
"Eliquis (apixaban)"
] |
['The tradename of apixaban is Eliquis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23677804"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23677804",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "The direct factor Xa inhibitor apixaban (Eliquis(®)) has predictable pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics and does not require routine anticoagulation monitoring. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c920fc3ecadf2e73f000011
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which receptor tyrosine kinase is commonly mutated or amplified in pediatric glioma cases?
|
['PDGFRA', 'Platelet derived growth factor-alpha', 'Platelet derived growth factor-alpha (PDGFRA)']
|
[
"PDGFRA",
"Platelet derived growth factor-alpha",
"Platelet derived growth factor-alpha (PDGFRA)",
"Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha",
"PDGF receptor alpha",
"PDGF receptor alpha chain",
"PDGF alpha receptor"
] |
['Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG), including both diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and non-midline tumors, continues to be one of the deadliest oncologic diagnoses. Targeted therapy options aimed at key oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) drivers using small-molecule RTK inhibitors have been extensively studied, but the absence of proper in vivo modeling that recapitulates pHGG biology has historically been a research challenge. Over 20% of pHGG have been found in sequencing studies to have alterations in platelet derived growth factor-alpha (PDGFRA), making growth factor modeling and inhibition via targeted tyrosine kinases a promising research direction.', 'Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) alterations are commonly found in pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG), including diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and non-midline tumors. Sequencing studies have revealed that over 20% of pHGG cases have alterations in platelet derived growth factor-alpha (PDGFRA). This has made growth factor modeling and inhibition via targeted tyrosine kinases a significant area of interest in pHGG research. The challenge in this field has been the lack of proper in vivo modeling that accurately represents pHGG biology.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26727948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27582545",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35978801",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970477",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744350",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20479398",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438035"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35978801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG), including both diffuse midline glioma (DMG) and non-midline tumors, continues to be one of the deadliest oncologic diagnoses"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35978801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 201,
"offsetInEndSection": 473,
"text": " Targeted therapy options aimed at key oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) drivers using small-molecule RTK inhibitors has been extensively studied, but the absence of proper in vivo modeling that recapitulate pHGG biology has historically been a research challenge. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35978801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 710,
"offsetInEndSection": 934,
"text": "Over 20% of pHGG have been found in sequencing studies to have alterations in platelet derived growth factor-alpha (PDGFRA), making growth factor modeling and inhibition via targeted tyrosine kinases a rich vein of interest."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438035",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 693,
"offsetInEndSection": 773,
"text": "PDGFRA amplification was frequent in pediatric (29.3%) and adult (20.9%) tumors."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970477",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 244,
"offsetInEndSection": 450,
"text": "Genome-wide analyses of copy number imbalances previously showed that platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) is the most frequent target of focal amplification in pediatric HGGs, including DIPGs"
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
6630390b187cba990d000035
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Are PDXK mutations linked to polyneuropathy?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, PDXK mutations are linked to polyneuropathy.', 'Yes, PDXK mutations are associated with autosomal recessive polyneuropathy.', "Yes. PDXK mutations cause polyneuropathy responsive to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate supplementation.", 'Yes, PDXK mutations are associated with delayed polyneuropathy.', 'Yes, point mutations in PDXK gene may be associated with peripheral neuropathy.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31187503",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32522499"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31187503",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "PDXK mutations cause polyneuropathy responsive to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate supplementation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31187503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 1971,
"text": "To identify disease-causing variants in autosomal recessive axonal polyneuropathy with optic atrophy and provide targeted replacement therapy.METHODS: We performed genome-wide sequencing, homozygosity mapping, and segregation analysis for novel disease-causing gene discovery. We used circular dichroism to show secondary structure changes and isothermal titration calorimetry to investigate the impact of variants on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding. Pathogenicity was further supported by enzymatic assays and mass spectroscopy on recombinant protein, patient-derived fibroblasts, plasma, and erythrocytes. Response to supplementation was measured with clinical validated rating scales, electrophysiology, and biochemical quantification.RESULTS: We identified biallelic mutations in PDXK in 5 individuals from 2 unrelated families with primary axonal polyneuropathy and optic atrophy. The natural history of this disorder suggests that untreated, affected individuals become wheelchair-bound and blind. We identified conformational rearrangement in the mutant enzyme around the ATP-binding pocket. Low PDXK ATP binding resulted in decreased erythrocyte PDXK activity and low pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations. We rescued the clinical and biochemical profile with PLP supplementation in 1 family, improvement in power, pain, and fatigue contributing to patients regaining their ability to walk independently during the first year of PLP normalization.INTERPRETATION: We show that mutations in PDXK cause autosomal recessive axonal peripheral polyneuropathy leading to disease via reduced PDXK enzymatic activity and low PLP. We show that the biochemical profile can be rescued with PLP supplementation associated with clinical improvement. As B6 is a cofactor in diverse essential biological pathways, our findings may have direct implications for neuropathies of unknown etiology characterized by reduced PLP levels. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:225-240."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31187503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1483,
"offsetInEndSection": 1656,
"text": "RETATION: We show that mutations in PDXK cause autosomal recessive axonal peripheral polyneuropathy leading to disease via reduced PDXK enzymatic activity and low PLP. We sh"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31187503",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "PDXK mutations cause polyneuropathy responsive to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate supplementation"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32522499",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Hereditary polyneuropathy with optic atrophy due to PDXK variant leading to impaired Vitamin B6 metabolism"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31187503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1477,
"offsetInEndSection": 1650,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: We show that mutations in PDXK cause autosomal recessive axonal peripheral polyneuropathy leading to disease via reduced PDXK enzymatic activity and low PLP."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31187503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 754,
"offsetInEndSection": 901,
"text": "RESULTS: We identified biallelic mutations in PDXK in 5 individuals from 2 unrelated families with primary axonal polyneuropathy and optic atrophy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31187503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1496,
"offsetInEndSection": 1653,
"text": "show that mutations in PDXK cause autosomal recessive axonal peripheral polyneuropathy leading to disease via reduced PDXK enzymatic activity and low PLP. We"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6031002d1cb411341a000129
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
Which is the literature-based database of phenotypes?
|
['PheneBank']
|
[
"PheneBank",
"PhenomeBank",
"Phene Bank"
] |
['PheneBank is a Web-portal for retrieving human phenotype-disease associations that have been text-mined from the whole of Medline. This approach exploits state-of-the-art machine learning for concept identification by utilising an expert annotated rare disease corpus from the PMC Text Mining subset. Evaluation of the system for entities is conducted on a gold-standard corpus of rare disease sentences and for associations against the Monarch initiative data.', 'PheneBank is a Web-portal for retrieving human phenotype-disease associations that have been text-mined from the whole of Medline.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34788791"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34788791",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 53,
"text": "PheneBank: a literature-based database of phenotypes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34788791",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 312,
"offsetInEndSection": 772,
"text": "PheneBank is a Web-portal for retrieving human phenotype-disease associations that have been text-mined from the whole of Medline. Our approach exploits state-of-the-art machine learning for concept identification by utilising an expert annotated rare disease corpus from the PMC Text Mining subset. Evaluation of the system for entities is conducted on a gold-standard corpus of rare disease sentences and for associations against the Monarch initiative data."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
621e63a43a8413c653000051
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the mode of inheritance of Acromicric dysplasia?
|
['autosomal dominant']
|
[
"autosomal dominant",
"AD",
"autosomal dominant inheritance",
"dominant inheritance",
"dominant trait"
] |
Acromicric dysplasia has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694546"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791552",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 696,
"offsetInEndSection": 840,
"text": "AD has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, distinct facial and skeleton features (a hoarse voice and internal notch of the femoral head)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396027",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 616,
"offsetInEndSection": 830,
"text": "Finally, WMS is transmitted either by an autosomal dominant or an autosomal recessive (AR) mode of inheritance, GD by an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and AD by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694546",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1332,
"offsetInEndSection": 1507,
"text": "The condition appeared to be sporadic in 16 cases but the observation of vertical transmission in three families was consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001848"
] |
[] |
53318685d6d3ac6a3400003d
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, Pck1 is a rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzyme, where its deficiency or mutation contributes to serious clinical situations as neonatal hypoglycemia and liver failure.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31883179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31911238",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32004540",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32001301",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32058049"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31911238",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a metabolic enzyme in the gluconeogenesis pathway,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32001301",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 972,
"offsetInEndSection": 1112,
"text": "PEPCK, a key enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis associated with a decrease in the expression of master genes involved in the VLDL synthesis "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32004540",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 590,
"offsetInEndSection": 905,
"text": "Transcriptome analysis of rate-limiting enzymes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis revealed that moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin at a concentration of 1000 μM did not affect the expression of key gluconeogenic enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose 6-phosphatase, and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31883179",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 115,
"offsetInEndSection": 280,
"text": "Pck1 is a rate-limiting gluconeogenic enzyme, where its deficiency or mutation contributes to serious clinical situations as neonatal hypoglycemia and liver failure."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32058049",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 498,
"offsetInEndSection": 572,
"text": "the gluconeogenesis key enzymes PEPCK (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6033f5541cb411341a00014c
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What bacteria is associated with Gastric cancer and peptic ulcers?
|
['helicobacter pylori']
|
[
"Helicobacter pylori",
"H. pylori",
"Campylobacter pylori",
"Campylobacter mustelae",
"Helicobacter heilmannii"
] |
['Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterial pathogen that colonizes the stomachs of more than half of all humans, is linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer.', 'Peptic ulcer and gastric cancer are caused by the same bacteria, Helicobacter pylori.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7886456",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29764950",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432909",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15610081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25539656",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16583309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29446491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8341988"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432909",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacteria infecting numerous people all over the world. It has been established that H. pylori play an important role in pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29446491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 210,
"text": "Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterial pathogen that colonizes the stomachs of more than half of all humans, is linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29764950",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 65,
"text": "Strains of Helicobacter pylori that cause ulcer or gastric cancer"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25539656",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori chronic infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15610081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "Helicobacter pylori has been linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7886456",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8341988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 415,
"offsetInEndSection": 572,
"text": "The pathogenesis of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer is closely associated with H. pylori gastritis and its subsequent atrophic sequelae (atrophic gastritis)."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e3c6c9eb5b409ea53000022
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the reason for the narcolepsy cases developed after H1N1 influenza vaccination?
|
['The proposed mechanism for postvaccination narcolepsy is one in which an environmental trigger causes or enhances an antibody-mediated autoimmune response in patients with a preexisting genetic susceptibility.']
|
[
"postvaccination narcolepsy",
"vaccination-induced narcolepsy",
"narcolepsy following vaccination",
"narcolepsy due to vaccination",
"autoimmune narcolepsy",
"antibody-mediated narcolepsy",
"genetic susceptibility narcolepsy",
"post-vaccination narcolepsy"
] |
The proposed mechanism for postvaccination narcolepsy is one in which an environmental trigger causes or enhances an antibody-mediated autoimmune response in patients with a preexisting genetic susceptibility.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24048081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23884811",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23486871",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22530521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22213222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21963829",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21866560",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21676420"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24048081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 747,
"offsetInEndSection": 957,
"text": "The proposed mechanism for postvaccination narcolepsy is one in which an environmental trigger causes or enhances an antibody-mediated autoimmune response in patients with a preexisting genetic susceptibility. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21963829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 224,
"text": "The loss of hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin (hcrt) producing neurons causes narcolepsy with cataplexy. An autoimmune basis for the disease has long been suspected and recent results have greatly strengthened this hypothesis. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21963829",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 663,
"offsetInEndSection": 776,
"text": "pointing towards processes such as molecular mimicry or bystander activation as crucial for disease development. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21676420",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 581,
"offsetInEndSection": 840,
"text": "Although no formal link can be established, the unusual characteristics of the reported cases and the striking temporal relationship suggests that narcolepsy may be the result of an autoimmune reaction triggered by H1N1 vaccination in susceptible individuals."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23486871",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1141,
"offsetInEndSection": 1251,
"text": "Pandemrix vaccination is a precipitating factor for narcolepsy, especially in combination with HLA-DQB1*0602. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22213222",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 363,
"offsetInEndSection": 524,
"text": "Recently identified autoantibodies to Tribbles homologue 2 in some patients, as well as cases associated with H1N1 vaccination, support an autoimmune mechanism. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21866560",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1367,
"offsetInEndSection": 1701,
"text": "n China, narcolepsy onset is highly correlated with seasonal and annual patterns of upper airway infections, including H1N1 influenza. In 2010, the peak seasonal onset of narcolepsy was phase delayed by 6 months relative to winter H1N1 infections, and the correlation was independent of H1N1 vaccination in the majority of the sample."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23884811",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2016,
"offsetInEndSection": 2141,
"text": "H1N1 vaccination was strongly associated with an increased risk of narcolepsy-cataplexy in both children and adults in France"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009290",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053118",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014612",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014611",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:8986"
] |
[] |
530cf54dab4de4de0c000009
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the prognostic role of thyroid hormone in patients with heart failure?
|
['There is a relationship between altered thyroid profile and mortality in patients with heart failure']
|
[
"thyroid profile",
"thyroid function tests",
"thyroid hormone levels",
"altered thyroid profile",
"thyroid panel",
"thyroid tests",
"thyroid assessment",
"thyroid evaluation"
] |
Altered thyroid profile, particularly sick euthyroid syndrome, is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure, adding prognostic information to conventional clinical and functional cardiac parameters.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22870736",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19181292",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19006851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15694896",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15642542",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12963854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2358611",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17315395",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23555069",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19110971",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18221125",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16499159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8333797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23369135",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19917524",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23435988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8960429",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2189307",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17893267",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17966446",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9489964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15259379",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12165115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17923583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20024637"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20978564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1115,
"offsetInEndSection": 1429,
"text": " Cumulative survival was significantly lower among patients with free triiodothyronine < 2.12 pg/mL and among patients with brain natriuretic peptide > 686 pg/mL. In multivariate analysis, the significant independent predictors of major cardiac events were age, free triiodothyronine, and brain natriuretic peptide"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22870736",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1261,
"offsetInEndSection": 1430,
"text": "The T3 was more meaningful than the BNP in the prognosis of CHF. The BNP and T3 combination detection was more valuable in determining the severity of CHF and prognosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19181292",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1611,
"offsetInEndSection": 1679,
"text": "fT3 and BNP hold an independent and additive prognostic value in HF."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19006851",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 808,
"offsetInEndSection": 1177,
"text": "Univariate regression analysis showed that TSH (p<0.0001), fT3 (p<0.0001), fT4 (p=0.016) and fT3/fT4 (p<0.0001) were associated with heart failure progression but multivariate analysis showed that only TSH considered as a continuous variable (p = 0.001) as well as subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH > 5.5 mUI/l; p=0.014) remained significantly associated with the events."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15694896",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1816,
"offsetInEndSection": 2003,
"text": "Low T(3) levels are an independent predictor of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure, adding prognostic information to conventional clinical and functional cardiac parameters."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15642542",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1010,
"offsetInEndSection": 1181,
"text": "Sixteen patients (14%) died during the follow-up period; their fT3/fT4 ratio was significantly lower than the patients who survived (1.31+/-0.37 vs. 2.01+/-0.72, p<0.001)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12963854",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1549,
"offsetInEndSection": 1717,
"text": "The authors conclude that among elderly patients with heart failure, lower triiodothyronine concentrations are more prevalent and are associated with a worse prognosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2358611",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 976,
"offsetInEndSection": 1190,
"text": "A low free T3 index/reverse T3 ratio is associated with poor ventricular function and nutritional status and is the strongest predictor yet identified for short-term outcome in patients with advanced heart failure."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005067",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006333",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:6000",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9651",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054143",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006321",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011379"
] |
[] |
531b2fc3b166e2b80600003c
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which de novo mutation in FGFR cause achondroplasia?
|
['G380R']
|
[
"G380R",
"Gly380Arg",
"Glycine to Arginine at position 380",
"G380R mutation",
"G380R variant"
] |
['Recurrent missense mutations in a CpG doublet of the transmembrane domain of the FGFR3 protein (glycine substituted with arginine at residue 380, G380R).']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8078586"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8078586",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1476,
"text": "Achondroplasia, the most common cause of chondrodysplasia in man (1 in 15,000 live births), is a condition of unknown origin characterized by short-limbed dwarfism and macrocephaly. More than 90% of cases are sporadic and there is an increased paternal age at the time of conception of affected individuals, suggesting that de novo mutations are of paternal origin. Affected individuals are fertile and achondroplasia is transmitted as a fully penetrant autosomal dominant trait, accounting for rare familial forms of the disease (10%). In contrast, homozygous achondroplasia is usually lethal in the neonatal period and affects 25% of the offspring of matings between heterozygous achondroplasia parents. The gene responsible for achondroplasia has been mapped to chromosome 4p16.3 (refs 7, 8); the genetic interval encompassing the disease gene contains a member of the fibroblast-growth-factor receptor (FGFR3) family which is expressed in articular chondrocytes. Here we report the finding of recurrent missense mutations in a CpG doublet of the transmembrane domain of the FGFR3 protein (glycine substituted with arginine at residue 380, G380R) in 17 sporadic cases and 6 unrelated familial forms of achondroplasia. We show that the mutant genotype segregates with the disease in these families. Thus it appears that recurrent mutations of a single amino acid in the transmembrane domain of the FGFR3 protein account for all cases (23/23) of achondroplasia in our series."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e2e11a1fbd6abf43b000021
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the inheritance pattern of Apert syndrome?
|
['Autosomal dominant']
|
[
"Autosomal dominant",
"AD",
"autosomal dominant inheritance",
"dominant inheritance",
"dominant trait"
] |
The Apert syndrome is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19089249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16440883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16354263",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11057397",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8830082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2061407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3359672"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19089249",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 310,
"text": "The Apert syndrome is a rare disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance caused by mutations in the FGFR2 gene at locus 10q26; patients with this syndrome present severe syndactyly, exophthalmia, ocular hypertelorism and hypoplastic midface with Class III malocclusion, besides systemic alterations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16440883",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "The Apert syndrome is characterized by craniosynostosis and syndactyly of hands and feet. Although most cases are sporadic, an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance is well documented."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16354263",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 285,
"text": "Apert syndrome, or acrocephalosyndactyly, is characterized by craniosynostosis and early epiphyseal closure resulting in various deformities of the skull, hands, and feet. Typically a sporadic condition, autosomal dominant inheritance with complete penetrance has been known to occur. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8830082",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "We report two observations of antenatal diagnosis of Apert syndrome. This uncommon genetic disorder suggest an autosomal dominant inheritance, but almost all cases described are sporadic; the responsible gene is yet not located."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2061407",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 406,
"offsetInEndSection": 572,
"text": "The familial cases, the equal number of affected males and females, and the increased paternal age in sporadic cases strongly suggest autosomal dominant inheritance. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3359672",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 222,
"text": "This report presents the first example of male transmission of Apert acrocephalosyndactyly syndrome. Female transmission has been reported in the five previous well-documented cases of dominant inheritance of the syndrome."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000168",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014918",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12960",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] |
[
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{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
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},
{
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},
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},
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},
{
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347"
},
{
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11965023"
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293"
},
{
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121"
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7756211"
},
{
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},
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},
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},
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347"
},
{
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},
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8339679"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactylies, Type 1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18450784"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7756211",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4373747",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "MeSH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18450784"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "APERT SYNDROME",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347"
},
{
"o": "ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLY, TYPE I",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11965023"
},
{
"o": "ACS I",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12036491"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11965023",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Syndactylic Oxycephaly",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactyly [Apert]",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121"
},
{
"o": "Apert syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4373747"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8339679",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Apert Syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7756211"
},
{
"o": "Syndrome, Apert",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453859",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18450784",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12036491",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Syndactylic Oxycephalies",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453858"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11993847",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "ACS1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11993847"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453858",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactyly, Type 1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453859"
},
{
"o": "Apert's syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8339679"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactylies, Type 1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18450784"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7756211",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4373747",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "MeSH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453858"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "APERT SYNDROME",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347"
},
{
"o": "ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLY, TYPE I",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11965023"
},
{
"o": "ACS I",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12036491"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11965023",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Syndactylic Oxycephaly",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactyly [Apert]",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121"
},
{
"o": "Apert syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4373747"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8339679",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Apert Syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7756211"
},
{
"o": "Syndrome, Apert",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453859",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18450784",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12036491",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Syndactylic Oxycephalies",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453858"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11993847",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "ACS1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11993847"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453858",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactyly, Type 1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453859"
},
{
"o": "Apert's syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8339679"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactylies, Type 1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18450784"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7756211",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4373747",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "MeSH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453859"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "APERT SYNDROME",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347"
},
{
"o": "ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLY, TYPE I",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11965023"
},
{
"o": "ACS I",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12036491"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11965023",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Syndactylic Oxycephaly",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactyly [Apert]",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121"
},
{
"o": "Apert syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4373747"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8339679",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Apert Syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7756211"
},
{
"o": "Syndrome, Apert",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453859",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18450784",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12036491",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Syndactylic Oxycephalies",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453858"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11993847",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "ACS1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11993847"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453858",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactyly, Type 1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453859"
},
{
"o": "Apert's syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8339679"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactylies, Type 1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18450784"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7756211",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4373747",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "MeSH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "APERT SYNDROME",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347"
},
{
"o": "ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLY, TYPE I",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11965023"
},
{
"o": "ACS I",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12036491"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11965023",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Syndactylic Oxycephaly",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactyly [Apert]",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121"
},
{
"o": "Apert syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4373747"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8339679",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Apert Syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7756211"
},
{
"o": "Syndrome, Apert",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453859",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18450784",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
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},
{
"o": "ICD-10-CM",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "APERT SYNDROME",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11936347"
},
{
"o": "ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLY, TYPE I",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11965023"
},
{
"o": "ACS I",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12036491"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11965023",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Syndactylic Oxycephaly",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactyly [Apert]",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17816121"
},
{
"o": "Apert syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4373747"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8339679",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Apert Syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7756211"
},
{
"o": "Syndrome, Apert",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453859",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18450784",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469293",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12036491",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Syndactylic Oxycephalies",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453858"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11993847",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "ACS1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11993847"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453858",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactyly, Type 1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18453859"
},
{
"o": "Apert's syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A8339679"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "Acrocephalosyndactylies, Type 1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18450784"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7756211",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4373747",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193"
}
] |
52c7275103868f1b0600001c
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What causes Ocular Thelaziasis?
|
['Thelazia callipaeda']
|
[
"Thelazia callipaeda",
"Thelazia",
"Thelazia callipaeda (eyeworm)",
"Thelazia callipaeda (dog eyeworm)",
"Thelazia callipaeda (canine eyeworm)"
] |
['Ocular Thelaziasis is caused by Thelazia callipaeda.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30349847",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29087095",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24399399",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30672496",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28710682",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25116781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17211660"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30672496",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "Human ocular thelaziasis caused by gravid Thelazia callipaeda - A unique and rare case report."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30349847",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 180,
"offsetInEndSection": 542,
"text": "We report the first case of human ocular thelaziasis in Nepal in a 6-month-old child from a Rukum district, Nepal. The infant presented with conjunctivitis, and his visual acuity and dilated fundal examination were normal. A total of 6 worms were removed for identification. Collected nematodes were identified based on morphological keys as Thelazia callipaeda."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25116781",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 173,
"text": "Thelaziasis is an arthropod-born disease of the eye and adnexa caused by Thelazia callipaeda, a nematode parasite transmitted by drosophilid flies to carnivores and humans. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25116781",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 172,
"text": "Thelaziasis is an arthropod-born disease of the eye and adnexa caused by Thelazia callipaeda, a nematode parasite transmitted by drosophilid flies to carnivores and humans."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28710682",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Thelazia callipaeda is the main causative organism in thelaziasis, commonly infecting orbital cavities and associated tissues of carnivores."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29087095",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 86,
"offsetInEndSection": 225,
"text": "Thelaziasis is a zoonosis caused by\nnematodes of the genus Thelazia, parasites of the conjunctival bags or tear ducts of mammals and birds."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30672496",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 73,
"text": "Human ocular thelaziasis caused by gravid Thelazia callipaeda - A unique "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28710682",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 140,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Thelazia callipaeda is the main causative organism in thelaziasis, commonly infecting orbital cavities and associated tissues of"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17211660",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "Thelaziasis is an ocular infection of several mammals caused by nematodes of the genus Thelazia (Spirurida, Thelaziidae)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24399399",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "Human thelaziasis is a zoonotic eye disease caused by a nematode parasite called Thelazia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30349847",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "Thelaziasis is an ocular arthropod-borne, zoonotic disease of the eye infecting the conjunctival sac, lacrimal duct, and lacrimal gland caused by a nematode of the genus Thelazia."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
61f5fcb6882a024a1000001b
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which CYP gene polymorphism is a well-known predictor of efavirenz disposition?
|
['CYP2B6 G516T', 'rs3745274']
|
[
"CYP2B6 G516T",
"CYP2B6*6",
"CYP2B6*9",
"rs3745274",
"G516T",
"CYP2B6 variant G516T",
"CYP2B6 polymorphism G516T"
] |
['Cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP2B6 G516T (rs3745274) is a well-known predictor of efavirenz disposition.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31514420",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31628422"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31628422",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 125,
"offsetInEndSection": 223,
"text": "Cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP2B6 G516T (rs3745274) is a well-known predictor of efavirenz disposition."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
606b5ba794d57fd879000067
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Can doxycycline cause photosensitivity?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, one of the most important dermatologic side effects of doxycycline is photosensitivity. Clinical symptoms vary from light sunburn-like sensation (burning, erythema) to large-area photodermatitis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816569",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17315050",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17160610",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28291967",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29083100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10233667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15262663",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23182067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26299894",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26189561"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28291967",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "Phototoxicity of Doxycycline: A Systematic Review on Clinical Manifestations, Frequency, Cofactors, and Prevention."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28291967",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "BACKGROUND: One of the most important dermatologic side effects of doxycycline is photosensitivity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28291967",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 276,
"offsetInEndSection": 402,
"text": "While there are many publications on the phototoxicity of tetracyclines in general, only a few exist focusing on doxycycline. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28291967",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 803,
"offsetInEndSection": 911,
"text": "Clinical symptoms vary from light sunburn-like sensation (burning, erythema) to large-area photodermatitis. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28291967",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1233,
"offsetInEndSection": 1407,
"text": "CONCLUSION: Evidence base must be improved for giving advice on appropriate prevention measures to travelers taking doxycycline and having a risk of significant sun exposure."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29083100",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 5967,
"offsetInEndSection": 6364,
"text": "Based on the available evidence, our best estimates of absolute effect for mefloquine versus doxycyline were: 2% versus 2% for discontinuation, 12% versus 3% for insomnia, 31% versus 3% for abnormal dreams, 18% versus 1% for anxiety, 11% versus 1% for depressed mood, 4% versus 14% for dyspepsia, 2% versus 19% for photosensitivity, 1% versus 5% for vomiting, and 2% versus 16% for vaginal thrush."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816569",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 370,
"offsetInEndSection": 564,
"text": "Many drugs are responsible for this phototoxic reaction, especially tetracyclines, psoralens, chloramphenicol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, fluoroquinolones, and, rarely, doxycycline. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26299894",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "OBJECTIVES: Many patients undergoing long-term doxycycline treatment do not regularly take their treatment because of photosensitivity."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26189561",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Modulation of Melanogenesis and Antioxidant Status of Melanocytes in Response to Phototoxic Action of Doxycycline."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26189561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 236,
"text": "Doxycycline is a commonly used tetracycline antibiotic showing the broad spectrum of antibacterial action. However, the use of this antibiotic is often connected with the risk of phototoxic reactions that lead to various skin disorders."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26189561",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 840,
"offsetInEndSection": 1034,
"text": "The results obtained in vitro may explain the mechanisms of phototoxic reactions that occur in normal human epidermal melanocytes in vivo after exposure of skin to doxycycline and UVA radiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17160610",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1948,
"offsetInEndSection": 2119,
"text": "Treatment with doxycycline is cheap and relatively safe, but gastrointestinal symptoms and photosensitivity reactions can be expected more often than with ceftriaxone.<br>"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26299894",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "<b>OBJECTIVES</b>: Many patients undergoing long-term doxycycline treatment do not regularly take their treatment because of photosensitivity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17160610",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1417,
"offsetInEndSection": 1569,
"text": "Photosensitivity reactions and gastrointestinal symptoms were noted more often among patients receiving doxycycline than in those receiving ceftriaxone."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10233667",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 443,
"offsetInEndSection": 830,
"text": "Thus, the action spectra of the drug photosensitivity patients were plotted and compared with those of 12 nonphotosensitive control patients: 10 patients were found to be photosensitive in the UVA range; the implicated drugs included quinine, sparfloxacin, amiodarone, doxycycline, mefenamic acid, nalidixic acid, fenbrufen, diclofenac, enalapril, diltiazem and prochlorperazine maleate."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10233667",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 831,
"offsetInEndSection": 908,
"text": "One patient on doxycycline was photosensitive in both the UVA and UVB ranges."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17160610",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1913,
"offsetInEndSection": 2080,
"text": "Treatment with doxycycline is cheap and relatively safe, but gastrointestinal symptoms and photosensitivity reactions can be expected more often than with ceftriaxone."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17315050",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1381,
"offsetInEndSection": 1632,
"text": "Anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline should not be used by individuals with known hypersensitivity to tetracyclines or increased photosensitivity, or by pregnant or nursing women (anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline is a pregnancy category-D medication)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28291967",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "<b>BACKGROUND</b>: One of the most important dermatologic side effects of doxycycline is photosensitivity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28291967",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "One of the most important dermatologic side effects of doxycycline is photosensitivity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23182067",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1346,
"offsetInEndSection": 1434,
"text": "One patient experienced mild photosensitivity from doxycycline but continued to take it."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15262663",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1524,
"offsetInEndSection": 1616,
"text": "Participants in the doxycycline group had a higher incidence of nausea and photosensitivity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17160610",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1347,
"offsetInEndSection": 1499,
"text": "Photosensitivity reactions and gastrointestinal symptoms were noted more often among patients receiving doxycycline than in those receiving ceftriaxone."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
|
[
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4069681",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4272840",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004318"
] | null |
5a69031bb750ff445500001e
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
Which is the main abnormality that arises with Sox9 locus duplication?
|
['Autosomal XX sex reversal']
|
[
"Autosomal XX sex reversal",
"XX sex reversal",
"XX male syndrome",
"XX sex-determining syndrome",
"XX male phenotype",
"XX sex reversal syndrome"
] |
['The 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development (DSD), also known as 46,XX male syndrome, is a rare form of DSD and clinical phenotype shows complete sex reversal from female to male. A complex network of genes determines sex in mammals. Differentiation of testicular tissue in 46,XX individuals is seen either in XX males, the majority of them with SRY gene, or in individuals, usually SRY(-), with ovotesticular disorder of sex development (OT-DSD). SOX9 is one of the genes that play critical roles in male sexual differentiation.', 'Thus, SOX9 duplication is the most likely cause for the sex reversal in this case because it plays an important role in male sex determination and differentiation. The SRY-box 9 (SOX9) gene has several important functions during testis development and differentiation in males, and overexpression of SOX9 leads to the male development of 46,XX gonads in the absence of SRY.', 'Autosomal XX sex reversal caused by duplication of SOX9. Mutations of SOX9 leading to haploinsufficiency can cause campomelic dysplasia and XY sex reversal. We report here evidence supporting that SOX9 duplication can cause XX sex reversal. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a BAC clone containing the SOX9 gene demonstrated that the SOX9 gene is duplicated on the rearranged chromosome 17. SOX9 duplication linked to intersex in deer. ', 'SOX9 duplication can cause XX sex reversal. SOX9 duplication has been found to be a rare cause of 46,XX testicular DSD in humans.', 'Mutations of SOX9 leading to haploinsufficiency can cause campomelic dysplasia and XY sex reversal. In addition, SOX9 duplication has been found to be a rare cause of 46,XX testicular DSD in humans.', 'Autosomal XX sex reversal caused by duplication of SOX9']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18391513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22678921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25010117",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077096",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18056774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11420125"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588843",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 55,
"text": "Autosomal XX sex reversal caused by duplication of SOX9"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588843",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 82,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "Mutations of SOX9 leading to haploinsufficiency can cause campomelic dysplasia and XY sex reversal"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588843",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 182,
"offsetInEndSection": 264,
"text": "We report here evidence supporting that SOX9 duplication can cause XX sex reversal"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588843",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 531,
"offsetInEndSection": 691,
"text": "Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a BAC clone containing the SOX9 gene demonstrated that the SOX9 gene is duplicated on the rearranged chromosome 17"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040047",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 43,
"text": "SOX9 duplication linked to intersex in deer"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040047",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 193,
"offsetInEndSection": 358,
"text": "Whole genome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed a triple dose of the SOX9 gene, allowing insights into a new genetic defect in a wild animal"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077096",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 575,
"offsetInEndSection": 672,
"text": "In addition, SOX9 duplication has been found to be a rare cause of 46,XX testicular DSD in humans"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18391513",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "Extended pedigree with multiple cases of XX sex reversal in the absence of SRY and of a mutation at the SOX9 locus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18391513",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1152,
"offsetInEndSection": 1307,
"text": "Together, these findings implicate a mutation at a sex-determining locus other than SRY and SOX9 as the cause for the XX sex reversal trait in this family."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588843",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 56,
"text": "Autosomal XX sex reversal caused by duplication of SOX9."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25010117",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "Sox9 duplications are a relevant cause of Sry-negative XX sex reversal dogs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588843",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 182,
"offsetInEndSection": 265,
"text": "We report here evidence supporting that SOX9 duplication can cause XX sex reversal."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588843",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 82,
"offsetInEndSection": 181,
"text": "Mutations of SOX9 leading to haploinsufficiency can cause campomelic dysplasia and XY sex reversal."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11420125",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 916,
"offsetInEndSection": 1081,
"text": "Duplications of the locus DSS can lead to a failure of testicular development and a duplication of the region containing SOX9 has been implicated in XX sex reversal."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18391513",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Extended pedigree with multiple cases of XX sex reversal in the absence of SRY and of a mutation at the SOX9 locus."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22678921",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "XX male sex reversal with genital abnormalities associated with a de novo SOX3 gene duplication."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
| null | null |
58af1cb3717cd3f655000003
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What are DMARDs?
|
['Disease Modifying anti-rheumatic drugs']
|
[
"Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs",
"DMARDs",
"Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs"
] |
['To determine the utility of ultrasonography in guiding modification of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) and steroid therapy for inflammatory arthritis (IA)', 'DMARDs are Disease Modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD).', 'Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) was 61% (claims data)', 'Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)', 'Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) was 61% (claims data) and']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22420649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20681888",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27604908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28324149",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25603037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25630309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27538766",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244345",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25943001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25943002",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22298075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129128",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23961667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824833",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448932",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24470443",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23959574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9608316",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28679392",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12468815",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23716132"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27538766",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "To determine the utility of ultrasonography in guiding modification of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) and steroid therapy for inflammatory arthritis (IA)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27604908",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 216,
"offsetInEndSection": 262,
"text": "disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28324149",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1290,
"offsetInEndSection": 1352,
"text": "Treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23961667",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 49,
"text": "[DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs)]."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23961667",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 145,
"text": "Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have largely contributed to recent paradigm shift of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment strategy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28679392",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nBiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are increasingly used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25630309",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 224,
"text": "Tocilizumab (TCZ) and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) are recommended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with inadequate response (IR) to prior disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25943001",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 308,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disorder of joints that is associated with high health care costs, yet guidance is lacking on how early to initiate biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), a class of medications that is the major cost driver in RA management."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12468815",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nTherapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is typically characterized by the sequential use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 222,
"text": "There are only six DMARDs (disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) available in the clinical practice, such as gold sodium thiomalate, D-penicillamine, bucillamine, auranofin, salazosulphapyridine, and lobenzarit disodium."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23716132",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Tofacitinib (Xeljanz(®)) is the first approved drug in a new class of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24470443",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nDisease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the standard of care for rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, studies have found that many patients do not receive them."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23959574",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the cornerstone of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pharmacotherapy and should be initiated promptly after RA diagnosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129128",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nWhen rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have achieved sustained good clinical responses can their disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) be reduced or discontinued?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25943002",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 302,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nGiven the availability of a number of alternative biologic treatment options and other novel disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), clinicians are faced with an increasingly challenging choice regarding optimal treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22420649",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nTreatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may improve outcomes compared to conventional therapy (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-articular corticosteroids)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244345",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 195,
"text": "Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is a category of drugs which is used as medication in various arthritic conditions to arrest the progression of disease along with relief from pain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22298075",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 156,
"offsetInEndSection": 330,
"text": "For this purpose, all patients with the diagnosis of RA should be treated by disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) including biologic DMARDs and non-biologic DMARDs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448932",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 327,
"offsetInEndSection": 408,
"text": "(2) What is the search volume for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824833",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 234,
"text": "<b>OBJECTIVES</b>: Patients and rheumatologists have a number of options to consider for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including biologic response modifier (BRM) therapy and diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504789",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "To explore what considerations patients have when deciding about disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and what information patients need to participate in the decision-making process."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9608316",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 186,
"text": "Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy is now clearly accepted as the primary treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, with an increasing emphasis on use of combination therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448932",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 304,
"offsetInEndSection": 385,
"text": "(2) What is the search volume for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20681888",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "The efficacy of the biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) shown in clinical trials may be jeopardized due to prevalent poor patient adherence."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25603037",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 169,
"offsetInEndSection": 496,
"text": "Although methotrexate has retained its place as the first-line agent, there has been great interest in comparing biologicals to conventional Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) over the past few years with the updated guidelines from both the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c960f21ecadf2e73f000020
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Does deletion of cohesin change gene expression?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
[' The conditional deletion of cohesin from noncycling thymocytes preserved enhancer position, H3K27ac, H4K4me1, and enhancer transcription, but weakened interactions between enhancers. Interestingly, ~ 50% of deregulated genes reside in the vicinity of enhancer elements, suggesting that cohesin regulates gene expression through spatial clustering of enhancer elements.', 'Yes. Deletion of cohesin inhibits gene expression at multiple points within the genome and in different genomic regions.', 'The conditional deletion of cohesin from noncycling thymocytes preserved enhancer position, H3K27ac, H4K4me1, and enhancer transcription, but weakened interactions between enhancers. 50% of deregulated genes reside in the vicinity of enhancer elements, suggesting that cohesin regulates gene expression through spatial clustering of enhancer elements.', 'We propose a model for cohesin-dependent gene regulation in which spatial clustering of enhancer elements acts as a unified mechanism for both enhancer-promoter "connections" and "insulation.". The conditional deletion of cohesin from noncycling thymocytes preserved enhancer position, H3K27ac, H4K4me1, and enhancer transcription, but weakened interactions between enhancers. Interestingly, ~ 50% of deregulated genes reside in the vicinity of enhancer elements, suggesting that cohesin regulates gene expression through spatial clustering of enhancer elements.', 'Interestingly, ~ 50% of deregulated genes reside in the vicinity of enhancer elements, suggesting that cohesin regulates gene expression through spatial clustering of enhancer elements. We propose a model for cohesin-dependent gene regulation in which spatial clustering of enhancer elements acts as a unified mechanism for both enhancer-promoter "connections" and "insulation."', 'Yes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that deletion of cohesin reduces gene expression at multiple points within the genome.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25677180"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25677180",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 932,
"offsetInEndSection": 1115,
"text": " The conditional deletion of cohesin from noncycling thymocytes preserved enhancer position, H3K27ac, H4K4me1, and enhancer transcription, but weakened interactions between enhancers."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25677180",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1116,
"offsetInEndSection": 1301,
"text": "Interestingly, ∼ 50% of deregulated genes reside in the vicinity of enhancer elements, suggesting that cohesin regulates gene expression through spatial clustering of enhancer elements."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25677180",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1302,
"offsetInEndSection": 1494,
"text": "We propose a model for cohesin-dependent gene regulation in which spatial clustering of enhancer elements acts as a unified mechanism for both enhancer-promoter \"connections\" and \"insulation.\""
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d35b9ecb3a6380763000004
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
Which diagnostic test is approved for coronavirus infection screening?
|
['real-time reverse transcription-PCR']
|
[
"real-time reverse transcription-PCR",
"quantitative reverse transcription-PCR",
"qRT-PCR",
"real-time RT-PCR",
"real-time quantitative PCR",
"quantitative PCR",
"RT-qPCR"
] |
['Real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) is mostly used as the lab test for screening coronaviral infection.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14707219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191331",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14522060"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191331",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 447,
"offsetInEndSection": 845,
"text": ": In this study, we present two real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays for in-house rapid and sensitive diagnostic testing of MERS-CoV, detecting the regions upstream of the envelope gene (upE) and open reading frame (ORF) 1b, respectively, for initial screening and final confirmation of MERS-CoV infection, as recommended by the world health organization (WHO)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153118",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 148,
"offsetInEndSection": 473,
"text": " In response, we developed two real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) assays targeting the MERS-CoV nucleocapsid (N) gene and evaluated these assays as a panel with a previously published assay targeting the region upstream of the MERS-CoV envelope gene (upE) for the detection and confirmation of MERS-CoV infection. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14707219",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 953,
"offsetInEndSection": 1100,
"text": "SARS-CoV was detected by means of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in at least one specimen in 59 (54.1%) of 109 patients. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14522060",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 66,
"text": "Early diagnosis of SARS coronavirus infection by real time RT-PCR."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e5b8170b761aafe09000010
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which tissue secretes vaspin?
|
['Adipose Tissue']
|
[
"Adipose Tissue",
"Fat Tissue",
"Fat",
"Adipose",
"Adipocytes",
"White Adipose Tissue",
"Brown Adipose Tissue",
"Subcutaneous Fat",
"Visceral Fat"
] |
['Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin) is an adipocytokine that has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits apoptosis under diabetic conditions.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28756250",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29734265"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28756250",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 54,
"text": "Vaspin expression is increased in white adipose tissue"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29734265",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 191,
"text": "Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin) is an adipocytokine that has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits apoptosis under diabetic conditions."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c7d5ae9d774d04240000010
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
How many genes belong to the KRAB-ZNF family in the human genome?
|
['70']
|
[
"70",
"seventy"
] |
['The KRAB-ZNF family is a multisubunit protein family comprised of 70 co-regulated genes, denoted KLR1-ZNF15, that is represented by multigene families in the human genome.', 'There are 70 human KRAB-ZNFs.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19695231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23253430",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30444046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29198826",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20573777"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19695231",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 344,
"offsetInEndSection": 476,
"text": "By mammalian one- or two-hybrid experiments in HEK293 cells, we compared transcriptional repression activities of 61 human KRAB-ZNFs"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29198826",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 393,
"offsetInEndSection": 694,
"text": "Here, using a reporter system, we show that TRIM28/KRAB-ZNFs alter DNA methylation patterns in addition to H3K9me3 to cause stable gene repression during reprogramming. Using several expression datasets, we identified KRAB-ZNFs (ZNF114, ZNF483, ZNF589) in the human genome that maintain pluripotency. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038565",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 678,
"offsetInEndSection": 841,
"text": " High-resolution mapping on human chromosome 19 revealed that CBX1 coats large domains 0.1-4 Mb in size, which coincide with the position of KRAB-ZNF gene clusters"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20573777",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 331,
"offsetInEndSection": 513,
"text": "Here, we examine the structural and functional diversity of the 70 human KRAB-ZNF genes involved in the most recent primate SD events including genes that arose in the hominid lineag"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23253430",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 476,
"offsetInEndSection": 754,
"text": " Here, we discuss the main evolutionary and molecular features that make transcription factors (TFs), especially the family of zinc finger proteins with a Krüppel-associated box domain (KRAB-ZNF), strong candidates to play an important role in postzygotic reproductive isolation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30444046",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "The KRAB-ZNF (Krüppel-associated box domain zinc finger) gene family is composed of a large number of highly homologous genes, gene isoforms, and pseudogenes. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5d31b847b3a6380763000002
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is Contrave prescribed for?
|
['Obesity']
|
[
"Obesity",
"Excess body weight",
"Overweight",
"Adiposity",
"Corpulence",
"Fatness",
"Obese condition",
"Obesity disorder"
] |
['Contrave(?) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity', 'Contrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity', 'Contrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20673995",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22313529",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679384",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26105116",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222044",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26957883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20509712",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26313898",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951371",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26648466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19777400",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23408728"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "Contrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19777400",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 751,
"offsetInEndSection": 984,
"text": "Assuming that the results of the Contrave phase III clinical program reaffirm the efficacy and safety of the drug combination, this agent could be approved and launched to become a market leader in the anti-obesity therapeutic arena."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26313898",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 494,
"offsetInEndSection": 924,
"text": "Current antiobesity medications and pharmacological strategies will be reviewed.Two new antiobesity drugs - naltrexone/bupropion (Contrave) and liraglutide (Saxenda) - were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014 and join four other approved obesity medications, including phentermine/topiramate XR (Qsymia) and lorcaserin (Belviq), to form the largest number of medications available for the treatment of obesity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20673995",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 271,
"offsetInEndSection": 698,
"text": "The Contrave Obesity Research I (COR-I) study assessed the effect of such treatment on bodyweight in overweight and obese participants.Men and women aged 18-65 years who had a body-mass index (BMI) of 30-45 kg/m(2) and uncomplicated obesity or BMI 27-45 kg/m(2) with dyslipidaemia or hypertension were eligible for enrolment in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial undertaken at 34 sites in the USA."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19777400",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 241,
"text": "Contrave, under development by Orexigen Therapeutics Inc for the potential treatment of obesity, is an oral, sustained-release combination of the dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake antagonist bupropion and the opioid antagonist naltrexone."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 189,
"text": "Contrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity, and is used with lifestyle modification."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20509712",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 63,
"text": "Naltrexone/bupropion: Contrave(R); naltrexone SR/bupropion SR."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19777400",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Contrave, a bupropion and naltrexone combination therapy for the potential treatment of obesity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26957883",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Naltrexone/bupropion ER (Contrave): newly approved treatment option for chronic weight management in obese adults."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26648466",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 939,
"offsetInEndSection": 1110,
"text": " The use of synergies of anti-obesity drugs with different mechanisms of action is an effective approach for developing new combined pharmaceutical compositions (Contrave®"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26105116",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 448,
"text": "Oral naltrexone extended-release/bupropion extended-release (naltrexone ER/bupropion ER; Contrave(®), Mysimba(™)) is available as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity in adults with an initial body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m(2) (i.e. obese) or a BMI of ≥ 27 kg/m(2) (i.e. overweight) in the presence of at least one bodyweight-related comorbidity, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidaemia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222044",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 330,
"offsetInEndSection": 370,
"text": "naltrexone/bupropion (NB32 or Contrave®)"
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
|
[
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009271",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D055553",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4276121",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4249647",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016642"
] | null |
58a32edd60087bc10a000012
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the link between Nonidet-40 (NP-40) and biotinylation?
|
[['Reduction of contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins.']]
|
[
"biotinylated carboxylases",
"biotin tagged nuclear proteins",
"endogenous biotinylated carboxylases",
"biotinylated enzymes",
"biotinylated proteins",
"biotinylated carboxylase enzymes",
"biotinylated carboxylase proteins",
"carboxylases",
"nuclear proteins"
] |
['0.5% of the non-ionic detergent Nonidet-40 (NP-40) during cell lysis and nuclei isolation is sufficient to practically eliminate contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins.', 'NP-40 reduces contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins.', 'NP-40 reduces contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins.', 'NP-40 reduces contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins.', 'NP-40 reduces contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins.', 'NP-40 reduces contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "NP-40 reduces contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 345,
"offsetInEndSection": 630,
"text": "We show that the use of 0.5% of the non-ionic detergent Nonidet-40 (NP-40) during cell lysis and nuclei isolation is sufficient to practically eliminate contamination of nuclear extracts by carboxylases and to greatly reduce background signals in downstream mass spectrometric analyses"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "NP-40 reduces contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 631,
"text": "We describe here a simple procedure for greatly reducing contamination of nuclear extracts by naturally biotinylated cytoplasmic carboxylases, which represent a major source of non-specific background when employing BirA-mediated biotinylation tagging for the purification and characterization of nuclear protein complexes by mass spectrometry. We show that the use of 0.5% of the non-ionic detergent Nonidet-40 (NP-40) during cell lysis and nuclei isolation is sufficient to practically eliminate contamination of nuclear extracts by carboxylases and to greatly reduce background signals in downstream mass spectrometric analyses."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "NP-40 reduces contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 631,
"text": "We describe here a simple procedure for greatly reducing contamination of nuclear extracts by naturally biotinylated cytoplasmic carboxylases, which represent a major source of non-specific background when employing BirA-mediated biotinylation tagging for the purification and characterization of nuclear protein complexes by mass spectrometry. We show that the use of 0.5% of the non-ionic detergent Nonidet-40 (NP-40) during cell lysis and nuclei isolation is sufficient to practically eliminate contamination of nuclear extracts by carboxylases and to greatly reduce background signals in downstream mass spectrometric analyses."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "NP-40 reduces contamination by endogenous biotinylated carboxylases during purification of biotin tagged nuclear proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 632,
"text": " We describe here a simple procedure for greatly reducing contamination of nuclear extracts by naturally biotinylated cytoplasmic carboxylases, which represent a major source of non-specific background when employing BirA-mediated biotinylation tagging for the purification and characterization of nuclear protein complexes by mass spectrometry. We show that the use of 0.5% of the non-ionic detergent Nonidet-40 (NP-40) during cell lysis and nuclei isolation is sufficient to practically eliminate contamination of nuclear extracts by carboxylases and to greatly reduce background signals in downstream mass spectrometric analyses."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 632,
"text": " We describe here a simple procedure for greatly reducing contamination of nuclear extracts by naturally biotinylated cytoplasmic carboxylases, which represent a major source of non-specific background when employing BirA-mediated biotinylation tagging for the purification and characterization of nuclear protein complexes by mass spectrometry. We show that the use of 0.5% of the non-ionic detergent Nonidet-40 (NP-40) during cell lysis and nuclei isolation is sufficient to practically eliminate contamination of nuclear extracts by carboxylases and to greatly reduce background signals in downstream mass spectrometric analyses."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23500724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 632,
"text": " We describe here a simple procedure for greatly reducing contamination of nuclear extracts by naturally biotinylated cytoplasmic carboxylases, which represent a major source of non-specific background when employing BirA-mediated biotinylation tagging for the purification and characterization of nuclear protein complexes by mass spectrometry. We show that the use of 0.5% of the non-ionic detergent Nonidet-40 (NP-40) during cell lysis and nuclei isolation is sufficient to practically eliminate contamination of nuclear extracts by carboxylases and to greatly reduce background signals in downstream mass spectrometric analyses."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4252646"
] |
[] |
56a8d660a17756b72f000006
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the Daughterless gene?
|
['The daughterless (da) gene in Drosophila encodes a broadly expressed transcriptional regulator whose specific functions in the control of sex determination and neurogenesis have been extensively examined.']
|
[
"daughterless",
"da",
"daughterless gene",
"Drosophila daughterless",
"Drosophila da gene"
] |
['The daughterless (da) gene in Drosophila encodes a broadly expressed transcriptional regulator whose specific functions in the control of sex determination and neurogenesis have been extensively examined.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11731451",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8217842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8149916"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11731451",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 227,
"text": "As the only class I helix-loop-helix transcription factor in Drosophila, Daughterless (Da) has generally been regarded as a ubiquitously expressed binding partner for other developmentally regulated bHLH transcription factors. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8149916",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 205,
"text": "The daughterless (da) gene in Drosophila encodes a broadly expressed transcriptional regulator whose specific functions in the control of sex determination and neurogenesis have been extensively examined. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8217842",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 170,
"text": "The daughterless (da) gene in Drosophila functions in the regulation of at least three significant developmental pathways: sex determination, neurogenesis and oogenesis. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
622d1ed13a8413c6530000a3
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Where is the agouti-related peptide expressed?
|
['in the Hypothalamus']
|
[
"hypothalamus",
"hypothalamic region",
"hypothalamic nucleus",
"in the hypothalamus"
] |
['Function. Agouti-related protein is expressed primarily in the adrenal gland, subthalamic nucleus, and hypothalamus, with lower levels of expression in the testis, kidneys, and lungs.', 'The agouti-related peptide is expressed in neurons in the hypothalamus.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31974377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31557134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31995643",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31692367"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31974377",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "Activation of Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons promotes feeding and insulin resistance. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31995643",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 83,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "Within the ventral hypothalamus (VHT), the orexigenic neurons co-express Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31557134",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 203,
"text": "Arcuate nucleus agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons play a central role in feeding and are under complex regulation by both homeostatic hormonal and nutrient signals and hypothalamic neuronal pathways."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31692367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1061,
"offsetInEndSection": 1143,
"text": "hypothalamic neuropeptides [neuropeptide Y (npy), agouti-related protein 1 (agrp1)"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
60578f2894d57fd87900002c
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Is protein M3/6 a dual specificity phosphatase?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['M3/6 (DUSP8) is a dual-specificity phosphatase implicated in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of JNK and, to a lesser extent, p38 MAPKs.', 'The protein M3/6 (DUSP8) is a dual-specificity phosphatase implicated in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of JNK', 'Yes. Phosphatases play a particularly important role in this respect, by tightly controlling MAPK phosphorylation and activation. M3/6 (DUSP8) is a dual-specificity phosphatase implicated in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of JNK and, to a lesser extent, p38 MAPKs and is found in a complex with these kinases, along with other pathway components, held together by scaffold proteins.', 'The protein M3/6 (DUSP8) is a dual-specificity phosphatase implicated in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of JNK']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23679081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159405",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15888437",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915787",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12598532",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12524447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11948422"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23679081",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 144,
"text": "Involvement of the dual-specificity phosphatase M3/6 in c-Jun N-terminal kinase inactivation following cerebral ischemia in the rat hippocampus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23679081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 324,
"offsetInEndSection": 453,
"text": "The results revealed upregulation of dual-specificity phosphatase M3/6 (DUSP8) activity at 4 h of reperfusion in rat hippocampi. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23679081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 163,
"offsetInEndSection": 323,
"text": "This study examines the molecular mechanism underlying JNK dephosphorylation and inactivation evoked by dual-specificity phosphates following cerebral ischemia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159405",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 291,
"offsetInEndSection": 677,
"text": "Phosphatases play a particularly important role in this respect, by tightly controlling MAPK phosphorylation and activation. M3/6 (DUSP8) is a dual-specificity phosphatase implicated in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of JNK and, to a lesser extent, p38 MAPKs and is found in a complex with these kinases, along with other pathway components, held together by scaffold proteins. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 448,
"text": "Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) play a very important role in these events by modulating the extent of JNK phosphorylation and activation and thus regulating cellular responses to stress. M3/6 (DUSP8) is one of the dual-specificity protein phosphatases with distinct specificity towards JNK."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 637,
"offsetInEndSection": 702,
"text": "M3/6 is a dual-specificity phosphatase selective for JNK [7, 8]. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910287",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 253,
"offsetInEndSection": 555,
"text": "Here we describe two new dual specificity phosphatases of the CL100/MKP-1 family that are selective for inactivating ERK or JNK/SAPK and p38 MAP kinases when expressed in COS-7 cells. M3/6 is the first phosphatase of this family to display highly specific inactivation of JNK/SAPK and p38 MAP kinases. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15888437",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 137,
"offsetInEndSection": 319,
"text": "We previously demonstrated that the dual specificity phosphatases (DSPs) MKP7 and M3/6 bind the scaffold JNK-interacting protein-1 (JIP-1) and inactivate the bound subset of JNK (1)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23679081",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 15,
"offsetInEndSection": 52,
"text": "the dual-specificity phosphatase M3/6"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23679081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 360,
"offsetInEndSection": 402,
"text": " dual-specificity phosphatase M3/6 (DUSP8)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159405",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 416,
"offsetInEndSection": 523,
"text": "M3/6 (DUSP8) is a dual-specificity phosphatase implicated in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of JNK "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 19,
"offsetInEndSection": 56,
"text": "the M3/6 dual-specificity phosphatase"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 345,
"offsetInEndSection": 447,
"text": "M3/6 (DUSP8) is one of the dual-specificity protein phosphatases with distinct specificity towards JNK"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 637,
"offsetInEndSection": 693,
"text": "M3/6 is a dual-specificity phosphatase selective for JNK"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910287",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "The dual specificity phosphatases M3/6 and MKP-3 are highly selective for inactivation of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23679081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 324,
"offsetInEndSection": 453,
"text": "The results revealed upregulation of dual-specificity phosphatase M3/6 (DUSP8) activity at 4 h of reperfusion in rat hippocampi. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Phosphorylation of the M3/6 dual-specificity phosphatase enhances the activation of JNK by arsenite."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12598532",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 581,
"offsetInEndSection": 681,
"text": "Indeed, expanded polyglutamine impaired the solubility of the dual-specificity JNK phosphatase M3/6."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915787",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "Regulation of dual-specificity phosphatases M3/6 and hVH5 by phorbol esters."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 345,
"offsetInEndSection": 448,
"text": "M3/6 (DUSP8) is one of the dual-specificity protein phosphatases with distinct specificity towards JNK."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910287",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "The dual specificity phosphatases M3/6 and MKP-3 are highly selective for inactivation of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 636,
"offsetInEndSection": 699,
"text": "M3/6 is a dual-specificity phosphatase selective for JNK [7, 8]"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 344,
"offsetInEndSection": 446,
"text": "M3/6 (DUSP8) is one of the dual-specificity protein phosphatases with distinct specificity towards JNK"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11948422",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 262,
"offsetInEndSection": 429,
"text": "Here we describe how diverse cellular stresses affect differently the stability and activity of a JNK-inactivating dual-specificity threonine-tyrosine phosphatase M3/6"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 345,
"offsetInEndSection": 447,
"text": "M3/6 (DUSP8) is one of the dual-specificity protein phosphatases with distinct specificity towards JNK"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910287",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "The dual specificity phosphatases M3/6 and MKP-3 are highly selective for inactivation of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 637,
"offsetInEndSection": 700,
"text": "M3/6 is a dual-specificity phosphatase selective for JNK [7, 8]"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Phosphorylation of the M3/6 dual-specificity phosphatase enhances the activation of JNK by arsenite."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915787",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "Regulation of dual-specificity phosphatases M3/6 and hVH5 by phorbol esters. Analysis of a delta-like domain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 345,
"offsetInEndSection": 447,
"text": "M3/6 (DUSP8) is one of the dual-specificity protein phosphatases with distinct specificity towards JNK"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910287",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "The dual specificity phosphatases M3/6 and MKP-3 are highly selective for inactivation of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 637,
"offsetInEndSection": 700,
"text": "M3/6 is a dual-specificity phosphatase selective for JNK [7, 8]"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915787",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "Regulation of dual-specificity phosphatases M3/6 and hVH5 by phorbol esters. Analysis of a delta-like domain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 345,
"offsetInEndSection": 447,
"text": "M3/6 (DUSP8) is one of the dual-specificity protein phosphatases with distinct specificity towards JNK"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910287",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "The dual specificity phosphatases M3/6 and MKP-3 are highly selective for inactivation of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 637,
"offsetInEndSection": 700,
"text": "M3/6 is a dual-specificity phosphatase selective for JNK [7, 8]"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Phosphorylation of the M3/6 dual-specificity phosphatase enhances the activation of JNK by arsenite."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915787",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "Regulation of dual-specificity phosphatases M3/6 and hVH5 by phorbol esters. Analysis of a delta-like domain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23679081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 324,
"offsetInEndSection": 451,
"text": "The results revealed upregulation of dual-specificity phosphatase M3/6 (DUSP8) activity at 4 h of reperfusion in rat hippocampi"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 345,
"offsetInEndSection": 447,
"text": "M3/6 (DUSP8) is one of the dual-specificity protein phosphatases with distinct specificity towards JNK"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910287",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "The dual specificity phosphatases M3/6 and MKP-3 are highly selective for inactivation of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 637,
"offsetInEndSection": 700,
"text": "M3/6 is a dual-specificity phosphatase selective for JNK [7, 8]"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Phosphorylation of the M3/6 dual-specificity phosphatase enhances the activation of JNK by arsenite."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 345,
"offsetInEndSection": 447,
"text": "M3/6 (DUSP8) is one of the dual-specificity protein phosphatases with distinct specificity towards JNK"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8910287",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "The dual specificity phosphatases M3/6 and MKP-3 are highly selective for inactivation of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11566103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 637,
"offsetInEndSection": 700,
"text": "M3/6 is a dual-specificity phosphatase selective for JNK [7, 8]"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22100391",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "Phosphorylation of the M3/6 dual-specificity phosphatase enhances the activation of JNK by arsenite."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10915787",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "Regulation of dual-specificity phosphatases M3/6 and hVH5 by phorbol esters. Analysis of a delta-like domain."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23679081",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 324,
"offsetInEndSection": 451,
"text": "The results revealed upregulation of dual-specificity phosphatase M3/6 (DUSP8) activity at 4 h of reperfusion in rat hippocampi"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12598532",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 581,
"offsetInEndSection": 680,
"text": "Indeed, expanded polyglutamine impaired the solubility of the dual-specificity JNK phosphatase M3/6"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12524447",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 553,
"offsetInEndSection": 689,
"text": "Here we report that JIP-1 also binds the dual-specificity phosphatases MKP7 and M3/6 via a region independent of its JNK binding domain."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159405",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 49,
"text": "Differential regulation of M3/6 (DUSP8) signaling"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054637",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DUS8_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DUS8_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DUS1_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DUS3_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DUS2_MOUSE",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054638",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054641",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0008138",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0017017",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0004712",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0016791"
] |
[] |
5512cce26a8cde6b7200000c
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What is the function of a viral peplomer?
|
['attachment and fusion during viral entry as well as for the induction of cell to cell fusion.']
|
[
"attachment and fusion during viral entry",
"induction of cell to cell fusion",
"viral entry fusion",
"cell to cell fusion",
"viral attachment and fusion",
"viral entry and cell fusion"
] |
['The coronavirus peplomer protein S is responsible for attachment and fusion during viral entry as well as for the induction of cell to cell fusion.\nSince tissue affinities are a function of the viral peplomer-mediated attachment of virus to cells and are often directly related to pathogenicity,']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7679743",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9782260",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1402806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1658026"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9782260",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "The coronavirus peplomer protein S is responsible for attachment and fusion during viral entry as well as for the induction of cell to cell fusion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1658026",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 903,
"offsetInEndSection": 1050,
"text": "Since tissue affinities are a function of the viral peplomer-mediated attachment of virus to cells and are often directly related to pathogenicity,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1402806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1412,
"offsetInEndSection": 1627,
"text": "Thus, inhibition of the N-glycosylation of the S and HE structural proteins prevented their incorporation into progeny virions, an indication that they are dispensable for virion morphogenesis, unlike the M protein."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7679743",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "Numerous studies have demonstrated that the spike glycoprotein of coronaviruses bears major determinants of pathogenesis. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e5bafa01af46fc130000002
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Is OXLUMO (lumasiran) used for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, OXLUMO (lumasiran) is approved for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) in adults and children aged 6 years and older.', 'Yes, OXLUMO (lumasiran) is used for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria.', 'OXLUMO (lumasiran) for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria', 'Lumasiran (Oxlumo™) is a subcutaneously administered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the mRNA for hydroxyacid oxidase 1 gene (HAO1; encodes glycolate oxidase) and was developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1).', 'Lumasiran (Oxlumo) is a subcutaneously administered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the mRNA for hydroxyacid oxidase 1 gene (HAO1; encodes glycolate oxidase) and was developed by Alnylam Ph', 'Is OXLUMO (lumasiran) used for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria ']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33789010",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34154993",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34022071",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33985991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35237473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35747094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33497125",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34906487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35731461",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33513899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35843439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33405070",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35015123"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33405070",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 268,
"text": "Lumasiran (Oxlumo™) is a subcutaneously administered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the mRNA for hydroxyacid oxidase 1 gene (HAO1; encodes glycolate oxidase) and was developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34154993",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 326,
"offsetInEndSection": 388,
"text": "OXLUMO (lumasiran) for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34154993",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 506,
"text": "Conjugation of oligonucleotide therapeutics, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or antisense oligonucleotides, to N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligands has become the primary strategy for hepatocyte-targeted delivery, and with the recent approvals of GIVLAARI (givosiran) for the treatment of acute hepatic porphyria, OXLUMO (lumasiran) for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria, and Leqvio (inclisiran) for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, the technology has been well validated clinically."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34022071",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 901,
"offsetInEndSection": 1240,
"text": "In this context we discuss nedosiran (Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and lumasiran (Alnylam Pharmaceuticals), which are both novel RNAi therapies for primary hyperoxaluria that selectively reduce hepatic expression of lactate dehydrogenase and glycolate oxidase respectively, reducing hepatic oxalate production and urinary oxalate levels."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33405070",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 622,
"offsetInEndSection": 737,
"text": "On 23 November 2020, lumasiran was approved in the USA for the treatment of adult and paediatric patients with PH1."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33789010",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "Lumasiran, an RNAi Therapeutic for Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33405070",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 502,
"offsetInEndSection": 621,
"text": "On 19 November 2020, lumasiran received its first global approval in the EU for the treatment of PH1 in all age groups."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33513899",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 507,
"offsetInEndSection": 712,
"text": "Efforts made to develop pharmacological treatments succeeded with the biotechnological agent lumasiran, a siRNA product against glycolate oxidase, which has become the first effective therapy to treat PH1."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34906487",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Phase 3 trial of lumasiran for primary hyperoxaluria type 1: A new RNAi therapeutic in infants and young children."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33497125",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 246,
"text": "Several new drugs have been approved to treat rare genetic disorders: setmelanotide for certain conditions causing obesity; lumasiran for primary hyperoxaluria type 1, a kidney disorder; and lonafarnib for two diseases that cause premature aging."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35747094",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Lumasiran in the Management of Patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1: From Bench to Bedside."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35015123",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 82,
"text": "The effect of lumasiran therapy for primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in small infants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35731461",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 956,
"offsetInEndSection": 1079,
"text": " Lumasiran was recently approved in the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and nedosiran is in the approval process."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33985991",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1919,
"offsetInEndSection": 2084,
"text": "SIONS: Lumasiran had an acceptable safety profile and reduced urinary oxalate excretion in all patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 to near-normal levels.CLINI"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35237473",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 315,
"offsetInEndSection": 472,
"text": "Lumasiran is an RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic agent that reduces hepatic oxalate production, which has been recently approved for the treatment of PH1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35843439",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 291,
"text": "RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Lumasiran reduces urinary and plasma oxalate (POx) in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) and relatively preserved kidney function. ILLUMINATE-C evaluates the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of lumasiran in patients with PH1 and a"
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
64281a47690f196b5100004f
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What is the incidence of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
|
['1:5,000 live male births', '1 in 5076 live born males', '1:3500-1:5000', '1 per 3500-6000 males born', '1/3300', '1 in 3,500 to 5,000 male births']
|
[
"1:5,000 live male births",
"1 in 5076 live born males",
"1:3500-1:5000",
"1 per 3500-6000 males born",
"1/3300",
"1 in 3,500 to 5,000 male births"
] |
['The incidence of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is approximately 1:5,000 live male births', 'The overall incidence of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is 1:5,000 live male births.', 'The incidence of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is estimated to be 1 in 3,500 to 5,000 male births.', 'The incidence of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is estimated to be 1 in 3,500 to 5,000 male births worldwide.', 'The incidence of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is approximately 1 in 5,000 live male births.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16114258",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20080524",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35754057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36012442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28802771",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31603849",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1673177",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7334342",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29386334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8629099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18055393",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25996334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35562557",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7922631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7705851"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35562557",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD/Duchenne) is a progressive X-linked muscular disease with an overall incidence of 1:5,000 live male births."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35754057",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 966,
"offsetInEndSection": 1094,
"text": "The cumulative incidence of disease was 19.7 per 100,000 male live births and 1 in 5076 live born males were diagnosed with DMD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31603849",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 209,
"text": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetically determined disease, linked to the X chromosome, c haracterized clinically by producing progressive muscle weakness, with an incidence of 1 per 3500-6000 males born."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29386334",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 218,
"text": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive wasting disease of skeletal and cardiac muscles, representing one of the most common recessive fatal inherited genetic diseases with 1:3500-1:5000 in yearly incidence."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25996334",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common form of muscular dystrophy, with an incidence of 1/3300 male live births and a prevalence rate in the total population of 3/10000"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18055393",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 177,
"text": "Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy is a severe, recessive, X-linked neuromuscular disease with an incidence of 1/3500 (Duchenne type) and 1/30,000 (Becker type) in newborn boys."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20080524",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 283,
"offsetInEndSection": 474,
"text": "Statistics Canada data on annual male births in Nova Scotia were obtained for each year.The overall incidence of 1 per 4700 male births remained stable during the 30-year period of the study."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16114258",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 214,
"text": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern and occurs at an incidence of 1 in 3500 male births, which means that it is a so-called \"orphan\" or rare disease (frequency < 1/2000)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36012442",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 244,
"text": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common fatal muscle disease, with an estimated incidence of 1/3500-1/5000 male births, and it is associated with mutations in the X-linked DMD gene encoding dystrophin, the largest known human gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8629099",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common inherited disease with a worldwide incidence of 1 in 3,500 male births."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7705851",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most common and severe X-linked disorders with an incidence of approximately 1 in 3500 newborn males."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1673177",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 701,
"offsetInEndSection": 955,
"text": "The cumulative birth incidence of Becker muscular dystrophy (at least 1 in 18 450 male live births) was about one third that of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (1 in 5618 male live births), suggesting that the disorder is more common than previously thought."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28802771",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 57,
"offsetInEndSection": 207,
"text": "scular dystrophy in childhood, with a worldwide incidence of one in 5000 live male births. It is due to mutations in the dystrophin gene leading to ab"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25996334",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 203,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common form of muscular dystrophy, with an incidence of 1/3300 male live births and a prevalence rate in the total population of 3/100000 individuals"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7922631",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 577,
"offsetInEndSection": 727,
"text": "ur region too. The incidence of Duchenne muscular dystrophy was 1 in 4827 liveborn boys. The figure is in the range of the published data of the incid"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7334342",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 258,
"offsetInEndSection": 408,
"text": "ular dystrophies the authors estimate the incidence of DMD at 1/6500 living new born boys. The number of false positives (1,5 p. 1000) is little and, "
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
643f9eeb57b1c7a31500003c
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which is the "bonding hormone"?
|
['Oxytocin']
|
[
"Oxytocin",
"Pitocin",
"Syntocinon",
"Oxtocin",
"Oxytoxin"
] |
["Oxytocin is known as the 'bonding hormone' due its role in promoting mother-child and pair bonding."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24430853",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26025428",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27825953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26442453"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26442453",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 223,
"text": "The neurohypophysial hormone oxytocin (OXT) and its receptor (OXTR) have critical roles in the regulation of pro-social behaviors, including social recognition, pair bonding, parental behavior, and stress-related responses."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27825953",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 153,
"text": "Neuropeptide hormone oxytocin has roles in social bonding, energy metabolism, and wound healing contributing to good physical, mental and social health. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Oxytocin is known as the 'love hormone' due its role in promoting mother-child and pair bonding."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26025428",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "The oxytocin (OT) hormone pathway is involved in numerous physiological processes, and one of its receptor genes (OXTR) has been implicated in pair bonding behavior in mammalian lineages."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24430853",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 303,
"offsetInEndSection": 359,
"text": "oxytocin, a hormone involved in parent-offspring bonding"
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
| null | null |
58aa0c6f396a458e50000008
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which miRNA is targeted by SRY/Sox9?
|
['mir-138']
|
[
"mir-138",
"miR-138",
"microRNA-138",
"miRNA-138"
] |
['The testis-specific circRNA, sex-determining region Y (Sry), serves as a miR-138 sponge, suggesting that miRNA sponge effects achieved by circRNA formation are a general phenomenon', 'Does the linear Sry transcript function as a ceRNA for miR-138?. Recently, the sex determining region Y ( Sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 ( CDR1as) RNA transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory RNAs that behave as circular endogenous RNA sponges for the micro RNAs (miRNAs) miR-138 and miR-7, respectively. it is reasonable to think that the linear Sry sense transcript could additionally act as a miRNA sponge, or as an endogenous competing RNA for miR-138. Results indicated that miR-138 directly targeted SRY-related high mobility group box 4 (SOX4) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and overexpression of SOX4 and HIF-1 effectively reversed the miR-138-mediated suppression of cell invasion. We further show that the testis-specific circRNA, sex-determining region Y (Sry), serves as a miR-138 sponge, suggesting that miRNA sponge effects achieved by circRNA formation are a general phenomenon. ', ', the sex determining region y ( sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 ( cdr1as) rna transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory rnas that behave as circular endogenous rna sponges for the micro rnas (mirnas) mir-138 and mir-7 , respectively . ', 'Recently, the sex determining region Y ( Sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 ( CDR1as) RNA transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory RNAs that behave as circular endogenous RNA sponges for the micro RNAs (miRNAs) miR-138 and miR-7, respectively. it is reasonable to think that the linear Sry sense transcript could additionally act as a miRNA sponge, or as an endogenous competing RNA for miR-138.', 'Recently, the sex determining region Y ( Sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 ( CDR1as) RNA transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory RNAs that behave as circular endogenous RNA sponges for the micro RNAs (miRNAs) miR-138 and miR-7, respectively.', 'Does the linear Sry transcript function as a ceRNA for miR-138?. Results indicated that miR-138 directly targeted SRY-related high mobility group box 4 (SOX4) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and overexpression of SOX4 and HIF-1 effectively reversed the miR-138-mediated suppression of cell invasion. We further show that the testis-specific circRNA, sex-determining region Y (Sry), serves as a miR-138 sponge, suggesting that miRNA sponge effects achieved by circRNA formation are a general phenomenon. it is reasonable to think that the linear Sry sense transcript could additionally act as a miRNA sponge, or as an endogenous competing RNA for miR-138. Recently, the sex determining region Y ( Sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 ( CDR1as) RNA transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory RNAs that behave as circular endogenous RNA sponges for the micro RNAs (miRNAs) miR-138 and miR-7, respectively. ', 'recently, the sex determining region y ( sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 ( cdr1as) rna transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory rnas that behave as circular endogenous rna sponges for the micro rnas (mirnas) mir-138 and mir-7, respectively.', 'Recently, the sex determining region Y ( Sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 ( CDR1as) RNA transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory RNAs that behave as circular endogenous RNA sponges for the micro RNAs (miRNAs) miR-138 and miR-7, respectively. Metastasis is the major factor affecting patient survival in ovarian cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that act by direct base pairing to target sites within untranslated regions of messenger RNAs.', 'Results indicated that miR-138 directly targeted SRY-related high mobility group box 4 (SOX4) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and overexpression of SOX4 and HIF-1α effectively reversed the miR-138-mediated suppression of cell invasion. We further show that the testis-specific circRNA, sex-determining region Y (Sry), serves as a miR-138 sponge, suggesting that miRNA sponge effects achieved by circRNA formation are a general phenomenon.', 'Does the linear Sry transcript function as a ceRNA for miR-138? Recently, the sex determining region Y ( Sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 ( CDR1as) RNA transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory RNAs that behave as circular endogenous RNA sponges for the micro RNAs (miRNAs) miR-138 and miR-7, respectively.', 'Recently, the sex determining region Y ( Sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 ( CDR1as) RNA transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory RNAs that behave as circular endogenous RNA sponges for the micro RNAs (miRNAs) miR-138 and miR-7, respectively. Epidermal growth factor receptor acted as the downstream molecule of SOX4 by way of direct transcriptional control, whereas Slug was the downstream molecule of HIF-1α by way of proteasome-mediated degradation.', 'Results indicated that miR-138 directly targeted SRY-related high mobility group box 4 (SOX4) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and overexpression of SOX4 and HIF-1α effectively reversed the miR-138-mediated suppression of cell invasion. We further show that the testis-specific circRNA, sex-determining region Y (Sry), serves as a miR-138 sponge, suggesting that miRNA sponge effects achieved by circRNA formation are a general phenomenon. ']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23389731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580223"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580223",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 63,
"text": "Does the linear Sry transcript function as a ceRNA for miR-138?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580223",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 317,
"text": "Recently, the sex determining region Y ( Sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 ( CDR1as) RNA transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory RNAs that behave as circular endogenous RNA sponges for the micro RNAs (miRNAs) miR-138 and miR-7, respectively. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580223",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 682,
"offsetInEndSection": 834,
"text": " it is reasonable to think that the linear Sry sense transcript could additionally act as a miRNA sponge, or as an endogenous competing RNA for miR-138."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23389731",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 497,
"offsetInEndSection": 742,
"text": "Results indicated that miR-138 directly targeted SRY-related high mobility group box 4 (SOX4) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and overexpression of SOX4 and HIF-1α effectively reversed the miR-138-mediated suppression of cell invasion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446346",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1105,
"offsetInEndSection": 1308,
"text": "We further show that the testis-specific circRNA, sex-determining region Y (Sry), serves as a miR-138 sponge, suggesting that miRNA sponge effects achieved by circRNA formation are a general phenomenon. "
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
| null | null |
58de18e48acda3452900002a
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is MACE in the context of cardiotoxicity?
|
['Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events.']
|
[
"Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events",
"MACE",
"Major Adverse Cardiac Events",
"Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes"
] |
['MACE is an acronym for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events.', 'major adverse cardiac events (MACE)']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34396256",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32493217",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28544100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25075166",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32947416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34533592",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27451136",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33766256",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33966333",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30626381",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25212799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26071994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34075158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34396181",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31399624",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12076217"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33966333",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 400,
"offsetInEndSection": 442,
"text": "major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34533592",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 575,
"offsetInEndSection": 611,
"text": "major cardiac adverse events (MACEs)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32947416",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 240,
"offsetInEndSection": 275,
"text": "major adverse cardiac events (MACE)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33766256",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 645,
"offsetInEndSection": 687,
"text": "Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32493217",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1194,
"offsetInEndSection": 1276,
"text": "endpoint is defined as the occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE). The"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34396181",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 243,
"text": "Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared with non-ICI therapies in patients with lung cancer."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30626381",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 173,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Main adverse cardiac events (MACE) are essentially composite endpoints for assessing safety and efficacy of treatment processes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25075166",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 91,
"offsetInEndSection": 247,
"text": "Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) are common after renal transplant, especially in the perioperative period, leading to excess morbidity and mortality. Th"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34075158",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 82,
"offsetInEndSection": 286,
"text": "aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of soluble osteoclast-associated receptor (sOSCAR) level for the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurring within 30 days after ACS. From J"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25212799",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 482,
"offsetInEndSection": 699,
"text": "ciated with the occurrence of MACE, defined as a composite of cardiac death, congestive heart failure, and myocardial re-infarction (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.74; 95% confidence interval: 2.21 to 6.34). IS%LV ≥25% was "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31399624",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "The study aimed to determine whether high sensitivity C-reactive protein to prealbumin (hs-CRP/PAB) ratio could be used to predict in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34396256",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 220,
"offsetInEndSection": 489,
"text": "Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in ICI-treated lung cancer patients based in a rural setting and to assess the utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of iR"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27451136",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 245,
"offsetInEndSection": 397,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether LUTS severity can be considered as a significant risk factor of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in the male populatio"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27451136",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2568,
"offsetInEndSection": 2761,
"text": "PATIENT SUMMARY: We evaluated whether the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms could be considered as a significant risk factor for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in the male populatio"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12076217",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 261,
"text": "CONTEXT: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with excellent short-term improvements in ischemic symptoms, yet only three fifths of PCI patients at 5 years and one third of patients at 10 years remain free of major adverse cardiac events (MACE"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589442",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 687,
"offsetInEndSection": 996,
"text": "SES, n = 508; and PES, n = 576). Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization (TVR).RESULTS: The patients treated with EES were older, presented more frequently with acute myocardial infarction, and had more "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26071994",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 310,
"offsetInEndSection": 706,
"text": "Therefore, the objectives of the present study were twofold: (1) to characterize the occurrence of and risk factors for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs: symptomatic heart failure and cardiac death) in a large contemporaneous population of adult patients treated with anthracyclines and (2) to test the value of LVEF and LV dimensions obtained using echocardiography in the prediction of MACE."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28544100",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 526,
"offsetInEndSection": 674,
"text": " 7, 30, and 90 days. Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiac events (MACE; all-cause mortality, AMI, and revascularization) and the indivi"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34396181",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 291,
"text": "Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared with non-ICI therapies in patients with lung cancer.Background: ICIs activate the host immune system"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34396256",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 93,
"offsetInEndSection": 625,
"text": "n be fatal. There have been few reports of iRC from a rural cancer population and few data for iRC and inflammatory biomarkers.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in ICI-treated lung cancer patients based in a rural setting and to assess the utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of iRC.Methods: Patients with lung cancer treated with ICIs at Vidant Medical Center/East Carolina University (VMC/ECU) between 2015 and 2018"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
624d9492e764a53204000006
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What class of drugs have been given a black box warning for suicide?
|
['anti-depressants', 'selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors', 'SSRIs']
|
[
"anti-depressants",
"selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors",
"SSRIs",
"serotonin reuptake inhibitors",
"serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors",
"serotonin uptake inhibitors"
] |
['In 2004, the European and American authorities released a black-box warning on antidepressants indicating an association with an increased risk of suicidality (suicidal ideation and behavior) in young people', 'In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) controversially issued a black box warning that antidepressants were associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people aged under 18 years.', 'The U.S Food and Drug Administration issued a Black box warning in October 2004 after placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant medications found an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among children and adolescents taking antidepressant medications relative to placebo.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130881",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19488000",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26149466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24696870",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20222492",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23109125",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25345238",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20011576",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31136275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17074941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32116839",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19996040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32587531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903028",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17914327"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130881",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "The FDA \"Black Box\" Warning on Antidepressant Suicide Risk in Young Adults: More Harm Than Benefit"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130881",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 178,
"text": "The decision made in the year 2004 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to require a boxed warning on antidepressants regarding the risk of suicidality in young adults "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130881",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 312,
"offsetInEndSection": 609,
"text": " However, within the past decade, an increasing number of reports have questioned the actual validity of the FDA warning, especially considering a decline in the prescription of the antidepressant drugs associated with an increase in the rate of suicidal events among people with severe depression"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31136275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 58,
"offsetInEndSection": 267,
"text": ". In 2004, the European and American authorities released a black-box warning on antidepressants indicating an association with an increased risk of suicidality (suicidal ideation and behavior) in young people"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32587531",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 221,
"text": "In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) controversially issued a black box warning that antidepressants were associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in people aged under 18 years. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32116839",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 296,
"text": "The United States Food and Drug Administration issued a Black Box warning in October 2004 after placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant medications found an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among children and adolescents taking antidepressant medications relative to placebo."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32116839",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 297,
"offsetInEndSection": 534,
"text": "Subsequently, some researchers have concluded that the Black Box warning caused severe unintended consequences; specifically, they have argued that the warning led to reduced use of antidepressants among youth, which led to more suicides"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903028",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 209,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid), approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acne, carries a black box warning related to the risk of depression, suicide, and psychosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20011576",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1232,
"offsetInEndSection": 1407,
"text": "There has been a decrease in the use of antidepressant therapy in children and adolescents following the US Food and Drug Administration black box warning for risk of suicide."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20011576",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 191,
"text": "This study evaluates changes in use of antidepressants in children and adolescents after the US Food and Drug Administration black box warning for increased risk of suicide.Method."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32116839",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 297,
"offsetInEndSection": 535,
"text": "Subsequently, some researchers have concluded that the Black Box warning caused severe unintended consequences; specifically, they have argued that the warning led to reduced use of antidepressants among youth, which led to more suicides."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130881",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "The FDA \"Black Box\" Warning on Antidepressant Suicide Risk in Young Adults: More Harm Than Benefits?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19996040",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 184,
"offsetInEndSection": 424,
"text": "On July 10, 2008, a Food and Drug Administration scientific advisory committee voted that, yes, there was a significant positive association between AEDs and suicidality but voted against placing a black box warning on AEDs for suicidality."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32116839",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "Duty to Warn: Antidepressant Black Box Suicidality Warning Is Empirically Justified."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26149466",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 832,
"offsetInEndSection": 1166,
"text": "Food and Drug Administration has recently introduced the so-called \"black box\" on antidepressants' packages with the aim of gaining attention to the possible risk of suicide among adolescents who are treated with antidepressants, with a warning that the risk of suicide is higher when starting a therapy or while adjusting its dosage."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903028",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 205,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid), approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acne, carries a black box warning related to the risk of depression, suicide, and psycho"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25345238",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 96,
"offsetInEndSection": 376,
"text": "In 2004 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a \"black-box\" warning for antidepressants in children and adolescents, stating that these drugs may increase suicidality, a term encompassing both suicidal thoughts and behavior, especially in the first few weeks of treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19488000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 106,
"offsetInEndSection": 355,
"text": "The US FDA has required that antidepressants carry a black box warning that there may be a risk of suicidal ideations in depressed pediatric patients treated with these medications, and recently extended the warning to include individuals up age 24."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20222492",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 174,
"text": "OBJECTIVES: To study prescribing trends for antidepressants in Hawai'i following the FDA black box warning regarding the possible risk of suicide in children and adolescents."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17074941",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 472,
"offsetInEndSection": 772,
"text": "The FDA recently linked adverse event reports of suicidal ideation among children and adolescents in randomized controlled trials to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and consequently required a change in labeling that included a black box warning regarding SSRI use for all age groups."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24696870",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 901,
"offsetInEndSection": 1130,
"text": "Another hurdle faced by new drugs is the requirement that all antidepressants carry a black-box warning regarding the increased risk of suicide in children, adolescents and young adults, which limits their use in this population."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23109125",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 278,
"offsetInEndSection": 562,
"text": "The quality of studies regarding the psychopharmacological therapy of depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence has improved since the «black box» warning of the FDA concerning the occurrence of suicidality under treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130881",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 219,
"text": "The decision made in the year 2004 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to require a boxed warning on antidepressants regarding the risk of suicidality in young adults still represents a matter of controversy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20222492",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 174,
"text": "To study prescribing trends for antidepressants in Hawai'i following the FDA black box warning regarding the possible risk of suicide in children and adolescents."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17914327",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 313,
"text": "Regulatory agencies of different European countries and the United States have been critically examining the possible link between suicidality and antidepressant use in children and adults, which has resulted in an FDA directive to the manufacturers of all antidepressant medications to add a 'black box' warning."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903028",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid), approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acne, carries a black box warning related to the risk of depression, suicide, and"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
601eab7d1cb411341a000053
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which protein is found to be mutated in Friedreich's ataxia?
|
[['Frataxin']]
|
[
"Frataxin",
"FXN",
"Frataxin protein",
"Frataxin homolog",
"Frataxin-like protein"
] |
["It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, which mainly affects the brain, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, heart and in certain cases the pancreas.", "It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, which mainly affects the brain, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, heart and in certain cases the pancreas", "It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, which mainly affects the brain, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, heart and in certain cases the pancreas", "It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, which mainly affects the brain, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, heart and in certain cases the pancreas", "It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, which mainly affects the brain, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, heart and in certain cases the pancreas", "It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, which mainly affects the brain, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, heart and in certain cases the pancreas"]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25929520",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25597503",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430730",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12194387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16510442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18463734",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18206656",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23247094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12140189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24242291",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18537827",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823441",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12393810",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9700204",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16787388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20819074",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20674094"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25929520",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 272,
"text": "It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, which mainly affects the brain, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, heart and in certain cases the pancreas"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25597503",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "Friedreich's ataxia is a severe neurodegenerative disease caused by the decreased expression of frataxin, a mitochondrial protein that stimulates iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430730",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 226,
"text": "In eukaryotes, frataxin deficiency (FXN) causes severe phenotypes including loss of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster protein activity, accumulation of mitochondrial iron and leads to the neurodegenerative disease Friedreich's ataxia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23247094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 598,
"offsetInEndSection": 806,
"text": "Complete absence of frataxin, the mitochondrial protein defective in patients with Friedreich's ataxia, is lethal in C. elegans, while its partial deficiency extends animal lifespan in a p53 dependent manner."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24242291",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 134,
"text": "Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decreased expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18537827",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 139,
"text": "Friedreich's ataxia results from a deficiency in the mitochondrial protein frataxin, which carries single point mutations in some patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12140189",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), an autosomal recessive cardio- and neurodegenerative disease, is caused by low expression of frataxin, a small mitochondrial protein, encoded in the nucleus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12393810",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "The severe reduction in mRNA and protein levels of the mitochondrial protein frataxin, encoded by the X25 gene, causes Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), the most common form of recessive hereditary ataxia."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823441",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Assembly and iron-binding properties of human frataxin, the protein deficient in Friedreich ataxia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24242291",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 134,
"text": "Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decreased expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16510442",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 139,
"text": "Friedreich ataxia is a human neurodegenerative and myocardial disease caused by decreased expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18463734",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Friedreich ataxia, an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative and cardiac disease, is caused by abnormally low levels of frataxin, an essential mitochondrial protein."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823441",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 162,
"text": "Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive degenerative disease caused by a deficiency of frataxin, a conserved mitochondrial protein of unknown function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18206656",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1042,
"offsetInEndSection": 1234,
"text": "This review will focus on the progress of potential treatment strategies for Friedreich ataxia that target the GAA expanded gene and seek to increase the level of frataxin message and protein."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9700204",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 144,
"text": "Frataxin is a mitochondrial protein deficient in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) and which is associated with abnormal intramitochondrial iron handling"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16787388",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 279,
"text": "The neurodegenerative disorder FRDA (Friedreich's ataxia) results from a deficiency in frataxin, a putative iron chaperone, and is due to the presence of a high number of GAA repeats in the coding regions of both alleles of the frataxin gene, which impair protein expression"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20819074",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "The Friedreich's ataxia protein frataxin modulates DNA base excision repair in prokaryotes and mammals."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12194387",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 74,
"offsetInEndSection": 348,
"text": "It is caused by deficiency of frataxin, a highly conserved nuclear-encoded protein localized in mitochondria. The DNA abnormality found in 98% of Friedreich's ataxia chromosomes is the unstable hyperexpansion of a GAA triplet repeat in the first intron of the frataxin gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12194387",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 184,
"offsetInEndSection": 348,
"text": "The DNA abnormality found in 98% of Friedreich's ataxia chromosomes is the unstable hyperexpansion of a GAA triplet repeat in the first intron of the frataxin gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20674094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 552,
"offsetInEndSection": 771,
"text": "Interestingly, Drosophila frataxin (dfh), which causes Friedreich's ataxia if mutated in humans, displayed an interacting effect with Al, suggesting Friedreich's ataxia patients might be more susceptible to Al toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12194387",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 184,
"offsetInEndSection": 348,
"text": "The DNA abnormality found in 98% of Friedreich's ataxia chromosomes is the unstable hyperexpansion of a GAA triplet repeat in the first intron of the frataxin gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20674094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 552,
"offsetInEndSection": 771,
"text": "Interestingly, Drosophila frataxin (dfh), which causes Friedreich's ataxia if mutated in humans, displayed an interacting effect with Al, suggesting Friedreich's ataxia patients might be more susceptible to Al toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12194387",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 184,
"offsetInEndSection": 348,
"text": "The DNA abnormality found in 98% of Friedreich's ataxia chromosomes is the unstable hyperexpansion of a GAA triplet repeat in the first intron of the frataxin gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20674094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 552,
"offsetInEndSection": 771,
"text": "Interestingly, Drosophila frataxin (dfh), which causes Friedreich's ataxia if mutated in humans, displayed an interacting effect with Al, suggesting Friedreich's ataxia patients might be more susceptible to Al toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174969",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 425,
"offsetInEndSection": 625,
"text": "Although the Friedreich's ataxia phenotype results from decreased expression of a mitochondrially targeted protein, frataxin, mitochondrial myopathy has not been described as a feature of the disease."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
571f5c150fd6f91b68000009
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Do PPIs increase the risk of gastric cancer?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Proton pump inhibitors have been associated with a higher risk of gastric cancer.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37505975",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34226290"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34226290",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 36,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "users of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are at an increased risk of gastric cancer "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34226290",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1345,
"offsetInEndSection": 1415,
"text": "the use of PPIs is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37505975",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1419,
"offsetInEndSection": 1476,
"text": "Higher GC rate was associated with omeprazole chronic use"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37505975",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 166,
"offsetInEndSection": 224,
"text": "GC in elderly community-dwelling omeprazole chronic users "
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
6616a250fdcbea915f000059
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
The pathogen Fusarium graminearum affects what type of plant species?
|
['cereal crops']
|
[
"cereal crops",
"grains",
"cereal grains",
"cereal plants",
"cereal species",
"staple crops",
"food grains"
] |
['Fusarium graminearum is a broad host pathogen threatening cereal crops in temperate regions around the world.', 'Fusarium graminearum is a broad host pathogen threatening cereal crops in temperate regions around the world. ']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18179606",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26693688",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26585460",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22516221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26607286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305050",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17031651",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22028654",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21639892",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24779355",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12492838",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222149",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26198851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679010",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17555271"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26693688",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Fusarium graminearum is a broad host pathogen threatening cereal crops in temperate regions around the world. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679010",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 342,
"text": "Fusarium head blight (FHB) of small cereals is a disease of global importance with regard to economic losses and mycotoxin contamination harmful to human and animal health. In Germany, FHB is predominantly associated with wheat and F. graminearum is recognised as the major causal agent of the disease, but little is known about FHB of barley"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26607286",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 92,
"text": "Fusarium graminearum is a filamentous fungal pathogen that causes wheat Fusarium head blight"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305050",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "Disruption of the GABA shunt affects mitochondrial respiration and virulence in the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22028654",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen that causes head blight of major cereal crops"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17555271",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Fusarium graminearum is a ubiquitous pathogen of cereal crops, including wheat, barley, and maize"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305050",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "Disruption of the GABA shunt affects mitochondrial respiration and virulence in the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18179606",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "The Ascomycete pathogen Fusarium graminearum can infect all cereal species and lower grain yield, quality and safety."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12492838",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 113,
"text": "Arabidopsis is susceptible to the cereal ear blight fungal pathogens Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17031651",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of small grain cereal crops caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305050",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "The cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum threatens food and feed production worldwide."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222149",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": " necrotrophic fungal pathogen Fusarium that cause head blight and crown rot of cereals including wheat also infect a number of alternative host plants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21639892",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Fusarium species cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) and other important diseases of cereals"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24779355",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "usarium graminearum is a toxigenic fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot on cereal crops worldwide."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26882849",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "usarium graminearum is the fungal pathogen that causes globally important diseases of cereals "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26198851",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 223,
"offsetInEndSection": 344,
"text": "Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of head scab disease of small grain cereals which threatens global food security. "
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
|
[
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005670",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4053737",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010945"
] |
[
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18593376",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0032098"
},
{
"o": "plants",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18593376"
},
{
"o": "plant",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0032098"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0486695",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0032098"
},
{
"o": "plant",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0486695"
},
{
"o": "Pathogenic organism",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0450254"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18639324",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0450254"
},
{
"o": "pathogenic organism",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18639324"
}
] |
58f3ca5c70f9fc6f0f00000d
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which is the enzymatic activity of nardilysin?
|
['Nardilysin (N-arginine dibasic convertase; Nrdc) is a metalloendopeptidase of the M16 family that promotes ectodomain shedding of the precursor forms of various growth factors and cytokines by enhancing the protease activities of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteins.']
|
[
"Nardilysin",
"N-arginine dibasic convertase",
"Nrdc",
"metalloendopeptidase M16",
"metalloproteinase",
"ADAM proteins"
] |
['Nardilysin (N-arginine dibasic convertase; Nrdc) is a metalloendopeptidase of the M16 family that promotes ectodomain shedding of the precursor forms of various growth factors and cytokines by enhancing the protease activities of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteins.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27385158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230087"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230087",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 315,
"offsetInEndSection": 597,
"text": "Nardilysin (N-arginine dibasic convertase; Nrdc) is a metalloendopeptidase of the M16 family that promotes ectodomain shedding of the precursor forms of various growth factors and cytokines by enhancing the protease activities of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27385158",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 290,
"offsetInEndSection": 333,
"text": " nardilysin (N-arginine dibasic convertase;"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5ac138aa95d0062724000001
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which is the human selenoprotein that contains several Se-Cys residues?
|
['Selenoprotein P']
|
[
"Selenoprotein P",
"SeP",
"selenoprotein P",
"selenoprotein 15",
"selenoprotein P1"
] |
Selenoprotein P, that contains 10 selenocysteines.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20417644",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19345254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17000762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15777501",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15104205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11122377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10692426",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9288402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7637580"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20417644",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 453,
"offsetInEndSection": 547,
"text": "selenoprotein P and several other selenoproteins are known to contain multiple selenocysteines"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19345254",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 17,
"offsetInEndSection": 226,
"text": "Sepp1) is a secreted protein that is made up of 2 domains. The larger N-terminal domain contains 1 selenocysteine residue in a redox motif and the smaller C-terminal domain contains the other 9 selenocysteines"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17000762",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 382,
"offsetInEndSection": 447,
"text": "selenoprotein P genes encode multiple UGAs and two SECIS elements"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15777501",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "Human selenoprotein P (HSelP) is unique protein that contains 10 selenocysteines encoded by 10 inframe UGA"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15104205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 17,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "SeP) is an extracellular glycoprotein with 8-10 selenocysteines per molecule"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11122377",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 210,
"offsetInEndSection": 305,
"text": "human, bovine and rodent selenoprotein P genes encode proteins containing 10-12 selenocysteines"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10692426",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 117,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "Selenoprotein P is unique in that its mRNA encodes 10-12 selenocysteine residues"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9288402",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 476,
"offsetInEndSection": 561,
"text": "The deduced polypeptide sequence comprises 380 residues including ten selenocysteines"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9288402",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 132,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "selenoprotein-P"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7637580",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 44,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "selenoprotein P-like protein containing 12 selenocysteines "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7637580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 236,
"offsetInEndSection": 308,
"text": " rat and human selenoprotein P cDNA but contained 12 rather than 10 TGAs"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017279",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051140",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051149",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4275372"
] |
[] |
5343caffaeec6fbd07000002
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What does DMARD stand for?
|
['disease-modifying antirheumatic drug']
|
[
"disease-modifying antirheumatic drug",
"DMARD",
"disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug",
"disease modifying antirheumatic drug"
] |
['DMARD stands for disease-modifying antirheumatic drug.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30629813"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30629813",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "Cost-Effectiveness of Combination Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Versus Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pragmatic, Randomized, Multicenter Trial."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30629813",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 370,
"text": "To determine whether intensive combinations of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDS) achieve similar clinical benefits more cheaply than high-cost biologics such as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) whose illness has failed to respond to methotrexate and another DMARD."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
602593101cb411341a0000ab
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which method has been developed for assignment of enhancers to target genes?
|
['McEnhancer']
|
[
"McEnhancer",
"McEnhancer 1",
"McEnhancer 2",
"Methylated enhancer",
"Methylation enhancer"
] |
['While genomic assays can identify putative enhancers en masse, assigning target genes is a complex challenge. McEnhancer is a machine learning approach, which links target genes to putative enhancers via a semi-supervised learning algorithm that predicts gene expression patterns based on enriched sequence features. Predicted expression patterns were 73-98% accurate, predicted assignments showed strong Hi-C interaction enrichment, enhancer-associated histone modifications were evident, and known functional motifs were recovered.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29070071"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29070071",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "McEnhancer: predicting gene expression via semi-supervised assignment of enhancers to target genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29070071",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 68,
"offsetInEndSection": 752,
"text": "While genomic assays can identify putative enhancers en masse, assigning target genes is a complex challenge. We devised a machine learning approach, McEnhancer, which links target genes to putative enhancers via a semi-supervised learning algorithm that predicts gene expression patterns based on enriched sequence features. Predicted expression patterns were 73-98% accurate, predicted assignments showed strong Hi-C interaction enrichment, enhancer-associated histone modifications were evident, and known functional motifs were recovered. Our model provides a general framework to link globally identified enhancers to targets and contributes to deciphering the regulatory genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29070071",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 178,
"offsetInEndSection": 393,
"text": "We devised a machine learning approach, McEnhancer, which links target genes to putative enhancers via a semi-supervised learning algorithm that predicts gene expression patterns based on enriched sequence features."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29070071",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "McEnhancer: predicting gene expression via semi-supervised assignment of enhancers to target genes."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5a6fa31ab750ff445500005e
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which deep learning algorithm has been developed for variant calling?
|
['DeepVariant']
|
[
"DeepVariant",
"DeepVariant caller",
"DeepVariant software",
"DeepVariant algorithm"
] |
['A deep convolutional neural network can call genetic variation in aligned next-generation sequencing read data by learning statistical relationships between images of read pileups around putative variant and true genotype calls. The approach, called DeepVariant, outperforms existing state-of-the-art tools. The learned model generalizes across genome builds and mammalian species, allowing nonhuman sequencing projects to benefit from the wealth of human ground-truth data.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30247488"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30247488",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 978,
"text": "Despite rapid advances in sequencing technologies, accurately calling genetic variants present in an individual genome from billions of short, errorful sequence reads remains challenging. Here we show that a deep convolutional neural network can call genetic variation in aligned next-generation sequencing read data by learning statistical relationships between images of read pileups around putative variant and true genotype calls. The approach, called DeepVariant, outperforms existing state-of-the-art tools. The learned model generalizes across genome builds and mammalian species, allowing nonhuman sequencing projects to benefit from the wealth of human ground-truth data. We further show that DeepVariant can learn to call variants in a variety of sequencing technologies and experimental designs, including deep whole genomes from 10X Genomics and Ion Ampliseq exomes, highlighting the benefits of using more automated and generalizable techniques for variant calling."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c51fb7a07ef653866000006
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the generic name for Imfinzi?
|
['Durvalumab']
|
[
"Durvalumab",
"MEDI4736",
"Imfinzi"
] |
['Durvalumab (Imfinzi) is used to treat locally advanced or metastatic cancer.', 'the generic name for imfinzi is durvalumab.', 'The generic name for Imfinzi is durvalumab.', 'durvalumab (Imfinzi®)']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30917623",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727810",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34731446",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29571563",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28643244"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28643244",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "durvalumab (Imfinzi™; AstraZeneca) is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks programmed cell death ligand-1 binding to its receptors (PD-1 and CD80),"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29571563",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 369,
"offsetInEndSection": 403,
"text": "durvalumab (IMFINZI®, Astra-Zeneca"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30917623",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 375,
"offsetInEndSection": 396,
"text": "durvalumab (Imfinzi®)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28643244",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "Intravenous durvalumab (Imfinzi™; AstraZeneca) is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks programmed cell death ligand-1 binding to its receptors (PD-1 and CD80), resulting in enhanced T-cell responses against cancer cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34731446",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 286,
"text": "Durvalumab (IMFINZI®), a fully human monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), is approved for use in combination with etoposide and either carboplatin or cisplatin for the first-line treatment of patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30917623",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 211,
"offsetInEndSection": 608,
"text": "Since 2011, the FDA-approved antibody drugs ipilimumab (Yervoy®), nivolumab (Opdivo®), pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), cemiplimab (Libtayo®), atezolizumab (Tecentriq®), durvalumab (Imfinzi®), and avelumab (Bavencio®), which block the immune checkpoint proteins, have brought about a significant breakthrough in the treatment of a wide range of cancers, as they can induce durable therapeutic responses."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29571563",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 113,
"offsetInEndSection": 443,
"text": "Nevertheless, new therapies have emerged recently, among which PD1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), such as nivolumab (OPDIVO®, Bristol-Myers Squibb) and pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA®, Merck & Co), or PD-L1 ICI, such as atezolizumab (TECENTRIQ®, Genentech), durvalumab (IMFINZI®, Astra-Zeneca), and avelumab (BAVENCIO®, EMD Serono)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727810",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2406,
"offsetInEndSection": 2741,
"text": "titumor immunity. This unique mechanism of action in CD103+ DCs may contribute to clinical responses as AZD4635 is being evaluated in clinical trials with IMFINZI (durvalumab, αPD-L1) in patients with solid malignancies.CONCLUSION: We provide evidence implicating suppression of adaptive and innate immunity by adenosine as a mechanism"
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
640ddbe9201352f04a000027
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which database associates human noncoding SNPs with their three-dimensional interacting genes?
|
['3DSNP']
|
[
"3DSNP",
"3D SNP",
"3D Single Nucleotide Polymorphism",
"3D Single Nucleotide Variant"
] |
['3DSNP is a database for linking human noncoding SNPs to their three-dimensional interacting genes. It a valuable resource for the annotation of human noncoding genome sequence and investigating the impact of noncoding variants on clinical phenotypes.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27789693"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27789693",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "3DSNP: a database for linking human noncoding SNPs to their three-dimensional interacting genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27789693",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1041,
"offsetInEndSection": 1266,
"text": "3DSNP is a valuable resource for the annotation of human noncoding genome sequence and investigating the impact of noncoding variants on clinical phenotypes. The 3DSNP database is available at http://biotech.bmi.ac.cn/3dsnp/."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27789693",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 132,
"offsetInEndSection": 703,
"text": "Recent high-throughput chromosome conformation capture studies have outlined the principles of these elements interacting and regulating the expression of distal target genes through three-dimensional (3D) chromatin looping. Here we present 3DSNP, an integrated database for annotating human noncoding variants by exploring their roles in the distal interactions between genes and regulatory elements. 3DSNP integrates 3D chromatin interactions, local chromatin signatures in different cell types and linkage disequilibrium (LD) information from the 1000 Genomes Project."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27789693",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 357,
"offsetInEndSection": 533,
"text": "Here we present 3DSNP, an integrated database for annotating human noncoding variants by exploring their roles in the distal interactions between genes and regulatory elements."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27789693",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1041,
"offsetInEndSection": 1198,
"text": "3DSNP is a valuable resource for the annotation of human noncoding genome sequence and investigating the impact of noncoding variants on clinical phenotypes."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c532ad97e3cb0e23100001a
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is a mitosome?
|
['Simple and anaerobic mitochondria.']
|
[
"Simple and anaerobic mitochondria",
"Anaerobic mitochondria",
"Simple mitochondria",
"Anaerobic organelles"
] |
['Mitosomes are the simplest and the least well-studied type of anaerobic mitochondria. \tThe mitosomes have abandoned typical mitochondrial traits such as the mitochondrial genome and aerobic respiration and their single role known to date is the formation of iron-sulfur clusters']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30265292",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21984067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20382757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28372543"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30265292",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 93,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "Mitosomes are the simplest and the least well-studied type of anaerobic mitochondria. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28372543",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 301,
"offsetInEndSection": 492,
"text": "The mitosomes have abandoned typical mitochondrial traits such as the mitochondrial genome and aerobic respiration and their single role known to date is the formation of iron-sulfur clusters"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21984067",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 59,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "a mitosome, a relict mitochondrion with a greatly reduced metabolic capability."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20382757",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 226,
"offsetInEndSection": 421,
"text": "he highly divergent mitochondrion-related organelle, the mitosome, in the anaerobic/microaerophilic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica based on the potential mitochondrion-targeting signal."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c9a6693ecadf2e73f000031
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which properties of the mRNA does N6-methyladenosine (m6A) affect?
|
[['mRNA stability']]
|
[
"mRNA stability",
"messenger RNA stability",
"mRNA half-life",
"messenger RNA half-life",
"mRNA degradation resistance"
] |
['N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modified base in eukaryotic mRNA and has been linked to diverse effects on mRNA fate. m6A predominantly and directly reduces mRNA stability.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26121403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25569111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25475057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25452335",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430002",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981863",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22575960",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19180239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6592581",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3029112",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25412662",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26121403",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modified base in eukaryotic mRNA and has been linked to diverse effects on mRNA fate."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25569111",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 601,
"offsetInEndSection": 722,
"text": "m(6)A predominantly and directly reduces mRNA stability, including that of key naïve pluripotency-promoting transcripts. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430002",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": "Recent discoveries of reversible N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) methylation on messenger RNA (mRNA) and mapping of m(6)A methylomes in mammals and yeast have revealed potential regulatory functions of this RNA modification"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981863",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 319,
"offsetInEndSection": 764,
"text": "Monitoring m6A levels upon WTAP depletion allowed the definition of accurate and near single-nucleotide resolution methylation maps and their classification into WTAP-dependent and -independent sites. WTAP-dependent sites are located at internal positions in transcripts, topologically static across a variety of systems we surveyed, and inversely correlated with mRNA stability, consistent with a role in establishing \"basal\" degradation rates."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318439",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Methylations of adenosine residues (m6A) in pre-mRNA are important for formation of late simian virus 40 mRNAs"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318439",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1328,
"offsetInEndSection": 1493,
"text": "The data argues for a role of internal m6A moieties in modulating the processing-linked transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of nontransformed cells. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6592581",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 206,
"text": "N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) residues, which are found internally in viral and cellular mRNA populations at the sequences Apm6ApC and Gpm6ApC, have been proposed to play a role in mRNA processing and transport."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25412662",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 161,
"text": "The role of Fat Mass and Obesity-associated protein (FTO) and its substrate N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA processing and adipogenesis remains largely unknown."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6592581",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 206,
"text": "N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) residues, which are found internally in viral and cellular mRNA populations at the sequences Apm6ApC and Gpm6ApC, have been proposed to play a role in mRNA processing and transport."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981863",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 113,
"text": "N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common modification of mRNA with potential roles in fine-tuning the RNA life cycle."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25412662",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 161,
"text": "The role of Fat Mass and Obesity-associated protein (FTO) and its substrate N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA processing and adipogenesis remains largely unknown."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6592581",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 206,
"text": "N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) residues, which are found internally in viral and cellular mRNA populations at the sequences Apm6ApC and Gpm6ApC, have been proposed to play a role in mRNA processing and transport."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25412662",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 161,
"text": "The role of Fat Mass and Obesity-associated protein (FTO) and its substrate N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in mRNA processing and adipogenesis remains largely unknown."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3029112",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 109,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "The results of that study and of experiments using inhibitors of methylation suggest that m6A might be involved in mRNA processing events. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 150,
"offsetInEndSection": 300,
"text": "Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3029112",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 109,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "The results of that study and of experiments using inhibitors of methylation suggest that m6A might be involved in mRNA processing events. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 150,
"offsetInEndSection": 300,
"text": "Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3029112",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 109,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "The results of that study and of experiments using inhibitors of methylation suggest that m6A might be involved in mRNA processing events. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 150,
"offsetInEndSection": 300,
"text": "Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 300,
"text": " The methylation of internal adenosine residues in eukaryotic mRNA, forming N6-methyladenosine (m6A), is catalyzed by a complex multicomponent enzyme. Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 615,
"text": "Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known. As a step toward better understanding the mechanism and function of this ubiquitous posttranscriptional modification, we have shown that HeLa mRNA (N6-adenosine)-methyltransferase requires at least two separate protein factors, MT-A and MT-B, and MT-A contains the AdoMet binding site on a 70-kDa subunit (MT-A70)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 300,
"text": "The methylation of internal adenosine residues in eukaryotic mRNA, forming N6-methyladenosine (m6A), is catalyzed by a complex multicomponent enzyme. Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 615,
"text": "Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known. As a step toward better understanding the mechanism and function of this ubiquitous posttranscriptional modification, we have shown that HeLa mRNA (N6-adenosine)-methyltransferase requires at least two separate protein factors, MT-A and MT-B, and MT-A contains the AdoMet binding site on a 70-kDa subunit (MT-A70)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 300,
"text": "The methylation of internal adenosine residues in eukaryotic mRNA, forming N6-methyladenosine (m6A), is catalyzed by a complex multicomponent enzyme. Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 615,
"text": "Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known. As a step toward better understanding the mechanism and function of this ubiquitous posttranscriptional modification, we have shown that HeLa mRNA (N6-adenosine)-methyltransferase requires at least two separate protein factors, MT-A and MT-B, and MT-A contains the AdoMet binding site on a 70-kDa subunit (MT-A70)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 300,
"text": " The methylation of internal adenosine residues in eukaryotic mRNA, forming N6-methyladenosine (m6A), is catalyzed by a complex multicomponent enzyme. Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 615,
"text": "Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known. As a step toward better understanding the mechanism and function of this ubiquitous posttranscriptional modification, we have shown that HeLa mRNA (N6-adenosine)-methyltransferase requires at least two separate protein factors, MT-A and MT-B, and MT-A contains the AdoMet binding site on a 70-kDa subunit (MT-A70)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 300,
"text": " The methylation of internal adenosine residues in eukaryotic mRNA, forming N6-methyladenosine (m6A), is catalyzed by a complex multicomponent enzyme. Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9409616",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 615,
"text": "Previous studies suggested that m6A affects the efficiency of mRNA processing or transport, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not known. As a step toward better understanding the mechanism and function of this ubiquitous posttranscriptional modification, we have shown that HeLa mRNA (N6-adenosine)-methyltransferase requires at least two separate protein factors, MT-A and MT-B, and MT-A contains the AdoMet binding site on a 70-kDa subunit (MT-A70)."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012333",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4252558"
] |
[] |
56df03c751531f7e3300000a
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which medication should be administered when managing patients with suspected acute opioid overdose?
|
['naloxone']
|
[
"naloxone",
"Narcan",
"Evzio",
"opioid antagonist",
"N-allylnoroxymorphone"
] |
['Naloxone is opioid anagonist that should be administered for all patients with suspected acute opioid overdose. Intravenous naltrexone hydrochloride is usually administered, however, other formulations, including enteral methylnaltrexone, nebulized naloxone and subcutaneous naloxone, are under investigation and can be used under certain circumstances.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21044832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17849242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11130352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11015242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9562190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8907145",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1470965"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21044832",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 145,
"text": "Opioid overdose has a high mortality, but is often reversible with appropriate overdose management and naloxone (opioid antagonist). "
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21044832",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1691,
"offsetInEndSection": 1782,
"text": "Training clinicians how to manage an opioid overdose and administer naloxone was effective."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17849242",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2841,
"offsetInEndSection": 3085,
"text": "For patients who have ingested dextromethorphan and are sedated or comatose, naloxone, in the usual doses for treatment of opioid overdose, can be considered for prehospital administration, particularly if the patient has respiratory depression"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11130352",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 200,
"offsetInEndSection": 394,
"text": "Naloxone hydrochloride, an injectable opioid antagonist which reverses the respiratory depression, sedation and hypotension associated with opioids, has long been used to treat opioid overdose. "
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11130352",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 394,
"offsetInEndSection": 567,
"text": "Experts have suggested that, as part of a comprehensive overdose prevention strategy, naloxone should be provided to heroin users for peer administration after an overdose. "
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11015242",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 184,
"offsetInEndSection": 336,
"text": "Patients who received naloxone for known or presumed opioid overdose were formally evaluated one hour later for multiple potential predictor variables. "
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11015242",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 741,
"offsetInEndSection": 843,
"text": "Patients with presumed opioid overdose can be safely discharged one hour after naloxone administration"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9562190",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 202,
"text": "To determine whether naloxone administered i.v. to out-of-hospital patients with suspected opioid overdose would have a more rapid therapeutic onset than naloxone given subcutaneously (s.q.)."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9562190",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 540,
"offsetInEndSection": 677,
"text": "Subjects received either naloxone 0.4 mg i.v. (n = 74) or naloxone 0.8 mg s.q. (n = 122), for respiratory depression of <10 breaths/min. "
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9562190",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1143,
"offsetInEndSection": 1371,
"text": "There was no clinical difference in the time interval to respiratory rate > or =10 breaths/min between naloxone 0.8 mg s.q. and naloxone 0.4 mg i.v. for the out-of-hospital management of patients with suspected opioid overdose. "
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8907145",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 243,
"offsetInEndSection": 518,
"text": "To illustrate this problem, we report the case of a patient inappropriately treated with naloxone and the results of a retrospective review of the medical records of 15 consecutive patients with cancer treated with naloxone in the emergency department over a 5-month period. "
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1470965",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1150,
"offsetInEndSection": 1360,
"text": "Management of opioid overdose, whether illicit or iatrogenic, requires the prompt and skillful use of opioid overdose, whether illicit or iatrogenic, requires the prompt and skillful use of opioid antagonists. "
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21044832",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1431,
"offsetInEndSection": 1677,
"text": " The proportion of clinicians willing to use naloxone in an opioid overdose rose from 77% to 99% after training. Barriers to implementing training were clinician time and confidence, service resources, client willingness and naloxone formulation."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8907145",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 243,
"text": "Opioid overdose is rarely the primary cause of altered mental status in cancer patients receiving opioid therapy. The inappropriate administration of naloxone to reverse an abnormal mental status can cause severe withdrawal symptoms and pain. "
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000701",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009292",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D062787"
] | null |
5149f494d24251bc0500004c
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the typical rash associated with gluten ?
|
[['dermatitis herpetiformis']]
|
[
"dermatitis herpetiformis",
"Duhring's disease",
"herpetiform dermatitis",
"celiac disease dermatitis",
"gluten-sensitive dermatitis"
] |
['Dermatitis herpetiformis is a lifelong, gluten-sensitive, blistering skin disease with pathognomonic immunoglobulin (Ig)A deposits in the papillary dermis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547981",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21159258",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17340026",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15953332",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15489956",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15033190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14632800",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12485471",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459520",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11247893",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9824575",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9814827",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9407155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8881298",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8521118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6742871",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3804022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7947207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7549032",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4026376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/680606",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15981987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2438879"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 139,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmunity-driven inflammatory blistering dermatosis associated with a gluten-dependent enteropathy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21159258",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 126,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis is an autoimmune blistering disease that appears as a cutaneous manifestation of gluten intolerance. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21159258",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 627,
"offsetInEndSection": 845,
"text": "Treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis is based on a life-long, strict gluten-free diet, which improves all clinical aspects of gluten sensitivity, and dapsone, a drug that is only effective for the skin manifestations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17340026",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease are gluten-sensitive diseases that share immunopathological mechanisms."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15953332",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 271,
"offsetInEndSection": 491,
"text": "We report the unusual case of an 8-month-old child presenting to his general practitioner with pruritic skin lesions, subsequently proven to be dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) as the first sign of gluten-sensitive disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15489956",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is associated with gluten sensitivity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15033190",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 688,
"offsetInEndSection": 927,
"text": " These findings may relate to the fact, that dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with gluten sensitive enteropathy, coeliac disease, which is characterised by IgA type autoantibodies to a closely related enzyme, tissue transglutaminase."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15033190",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1175,
"offsetInEndSection": 1440,
"text": " There is growing evidence that dermatitis herpetiformis should be considered as the skin manifestation of gluten sensitivity developing in those patients with mild coeliac disease, who produce epidermal transglutaminase autoantibodies of high avidity and affinity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14632800",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 153,
"text": "BACKGROUND: A life-long gluten-free diet is the treatment of choice for dermatitis herpetiformis, which is considered to be coeliac disease of the skin. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14632800",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1434,
"offsetInEndSection": 1582,
"text": "We report long-term clinical and histological remissions in seven patients with dermatitis herpetiformis after the reintroduction of dietary gluten."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12485471",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Gluten sensitive enteropathy has various manifestations, of which the two major forms are classical coeliac disease (cCD) and dermatitis herpetiformis (DH)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459520",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 152,
"offsetInEndSection": 331,
"text": "The major significant advances in our understanding of DH have been the demonstration that DH patients also have coeliac diseases (CD) and that the rash is also gluten dependent. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459520",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 554,
"offsetInEndSection": 755,
"text": "Despite the fact that it has been known for over fifty years that gluten causes the enteropathy of CD, and for over thirty years the rash of DH, it is still not known how gluten produces these effects."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11247893",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 214,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a specific dermatological manifestation of coeliac disease and 80% of DH patients have gluten sensitive enteropathy manifested by crypt hyperplasia and villous atrophy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9824575",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 149,
"offsetInEndSection": 490,
"text": "The presence of a rash is also a sensitive indicator of gluten ingestion in dermatitis herpetiformis, and this was used to study whether patients with this disease could also tolerate oats. PATIENTS/METHODS: Eleven patients with dermatitis herpetiformis in remission on a gluten-free diet were challenged daily with 50 g oats for six months."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9814827",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a lifelong, gluten-sensitive, blistering skin disease with pathognomonic immunoglobulin (Ig)A deposits in the papillary dermis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9407155",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1460,
"offsetInEndSection": 1629,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dermatitis herpetiformis can include moderate amounts of oats in their gluten-free diets without deleterious effects to the skin or intestine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8881298",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic papulovesicular immune-mediated disorder associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8521118",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 283,
"text": "Serum IgA class antigliadin antibodies (IgA-AGA) are increased in untreated patients with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), and it has been suggested that salivary IgA-AGA measurements could be used as a non-invasive screening test for gluten-sensitive enteropathy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459520",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 549,
"offsetInEndSection": 751,
"text": "Despite the fact that it has been known for over fifty years that gluten causes the enteropathy of CD, and for over thirty years the rash of DH, it is still not known how gluten produces these effects."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6742871",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1318,
"offsetInEndSection": 1565,
"text": "The central role of gluten in childhood dermatitis herpetiformis is evidenced by the fact that a gluten free diet helps the damaged jejunal mucosa to recover and controls the rash even in those children who do not have an abnormal jejunal biopsy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459520",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 549,
"offsetInEndSection": 751,
"text": "Despite the fact that it has been known for over fifty years that gluten causes the enteropathy of CD, and for over thirty years the rash of DH, it is still not known how gluten produces these effects."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459520",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 150,
"offsetInEndSection": 329,
"text": "The major significant advances in our understanding of DH have been the demonstration that DH patients also have coeliac diseases (CD) and that the rash is also gluten dependent."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9824575",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1224,
"offsetInEndSection": 1415,
"text": "The results confirm the absence of oat toxicity on the gluten sensitive small bowel mucosa and suggest that the rash in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis is not activated by eating oats."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9824575",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 135,
"offsetInEndSection": 325,
"text": "The presence of a rash is also a sensitive indicator of gluten ingestion in dermatitis herpetiformis, and this was used to study whether patients with this disease could also tolerate oats."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459520",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 549,
"offsetInEndSection": 751,
"text": "Despite the fact that it has been known for over fifty years that gluten causes the enteropathy of CD, and for over thirty years the rash of DH, it is still not known how gluten produces these effects."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459520",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 150,
"offsetInEndSection": 329,
"text": "The major significant advances in our understanding of DH have been the demonstration that DH patients also have coeliac diseases (CD) and that the rash is also gluten dependent."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9824575",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1224,
"offsetInEndSection": 1415,
"text": "The results confirm the absence of oat toxicity on the gluten sensitive small bowel mucosa and suggest that the rash in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis is not activated by eating oats."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9824575",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 135,
"offsetInEndSection": 325,
"text": "The presence of a rash is also a sensitive indicator of gluten ingestion in dermatitis herpetiformis, and this was used to study whether patients with this disease could also tolerate oats."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459520",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 549,
"offsetInEndSection": 751,
"text": "Despite the fact that it has been known for over fifty years that gluten causes the enteropathy of CD, and for over thirty years the rash of DH, it is still not known how gluten produces these effects."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9824575",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1224,
"offsetInEndSection": 1415,
"text": "The results confirm the absence of oat toxicity on the gluten sensitive small bowel mucosa and suggest that the rash in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis is not activated by eating oats."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 139,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmunity-driven inflammatory blistering dermatosis associated with a gluten-dependent enteropathy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21159258",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 126,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis is an autoimmune blistering disease that appears as a cutaneous manifestation of gluten intolerance. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15489956",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is associated with gluten sensitivity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2438879",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 662,
"offsetInEndSection": 784,
"text": "This contrasts to the situation in dermatitis herpetiformis, where both the rash and the enteropathy are gluten dependent."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15489956",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is associated with gluten sensitivity"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15489956",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is associated with gluten sensitivity"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8881298",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic papulovesicular immune-mediated disorder associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15489956",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is associated with gluten sensitivity"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8881298",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic papulovesicular immune-mediated disorder associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15489956",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmune blistering skin disorder that is associated with gluten sensitivity"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8881298",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic papulovesicular immune-mediated disorder associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
55180ef46487737b43000006
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which R package is used for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities from microarray data?
|
['CAFE']
|
[
"CAFE",
"Café",
"Coffee shop",
"Cafeteria",
"Bistro",
"Coffeehouse",
"Tea house"
] |
['CAFE is an R package for the detection of gross chromosomal abnormalities from gene expression microarray data.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451624"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451624",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "CAFE: an R package for the detection of gross chromosomal abnormalities from gene expression microarray data"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451624",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 109,
"text": "CAFE: an R package for the detection of gross chromosomal abnormalities from gene expression microarray data."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451624",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 184,
"offsetInEndSection": 470,
"text": "It is implemented as an R package that analyzes Affymetrix *.CEL files and comes with flexible plotting functions, easing visualization of chromosomal abnormalities.CAFE is available from https://bitbucket.org/cob87icW6z/cafe/ as both source and compiled packages for Linux and Windows."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451624",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 512,
"text": "SUMMARY: The current methods available to detect chromosomal abnormalities from DNA microarray expression data are cumbersome and inflexible. CAFE has been developed to alleviate these issues. It is implemented as an R package that analyzes Affymetrix *.CEL files and comes with flexible plotting functions, easing visualization of chromosomal abnormalities.AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: CAFE is available from https://bitbucket.org/cob87icW6z/cafe/ as both source and compiled packages for Linux and Windows."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451624",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 192,
"text": "SUMMARY: The current methods available to detect chromosomal abnormalities from DNA microarray expression data are cumbersome and inflexible. CAFE has been developed to alleviate these issues."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451624",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "CAFE: an R package for the detection of gross chromosomal abnormalities from gene expression microarray data."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
|
[
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025063",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D043171",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002869",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012729",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0060388",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0080014"
] | null |
5880a8ec0a76a87357000001
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What does FBDD stand for?
|
['fragment-based drug discovery']
|
[
"fragment-based drug discovery",
"fragment-based lead discovery",
"fragment-based screening",
"fragment-based approach",
"fragment-based design"
] |
['FBDD stands for fragment-based drug discovery.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33226222"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33226222",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has grown and matured to a point where it is valuable to keep track of its extent and details of application. "
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
6415c0df690f196b51000010
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the prevalence of short QT syndrome?
|
['0.01% -0.1%']
|
[
"0.01% -0.1%",
"0.01 to 0.1 percent",
"0.01 to 0.1 percent concentration",
"0.01% to 0.1%",
"0.01% to 0.1% range"
] |
The prevalence of short QT syndrome is low and varies between 0.01% and 0.1%
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21855519",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18543308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18070308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17679619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19303371"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21855519",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 384,
"offsetInEndSection": 714,
"text": "We chose patients with a short Bazett QTc interval from a database consisting of 114,334 patients to determine the clinical characteristics and prognostic value of a short QT interval. RESULTS: A total of 427 patients (mean age 43.4 ± 22.4 years) had a short QT interval with about a 1.2 times higher male predominance (234 men). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18543308",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 965,
"offsetInEndSection": 1347,
"text": "Among 5,511 males, 69 subjects (1.25%) exhibited QTc < 354 msec(1/2) (2 standard deviations [SDs] below the mean in males), and among 5,473 females, 89 subjects (1.63%) exhibited QTc < 364 msec(1/2) (2 SDs below the mean in females). Only 3 subjects (0.03% in all subjects and 0.05% in males) exhibited QTc < 300 msec(1/2), however, none had clinical symptoms of short QT syndrome. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18070308",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 447,
"offsetInEndSection": 640,
"text": "Of the 19,153 subjects, two met the criteria of short QT interval and allowed for prevalence and incidence estimates for short QT interval as 0.01% and 0.39/100,000 person-years, respectively. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17679619",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 887,
"offsetInEndSection": 1065,
"text": "The prevalence of QT interval <320 ms based on QTc, QTfc, and QTnc was 0.10%, 0.08%, and 0.06%, and the prevalence of QT interval <340 ms was 0.4%, 0.3%, and 0.3%, respectively. "
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015995"
] |
[] |
52fb78572059c6d71c000067
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Is gabapentin effective for chronic pelvic pain?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['Based on data from multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (GaPP2), treatment with gabapentin did not result in significantly lower pain scores in women with chronic pelvic pain, and was associated with higher rates of side-effects than placebo.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32979978",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34193515"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32979978",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2014,
"offsetInEndSection": 2759,
"text": "There were no significant between-group differences in both worst and average numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores at 13-16 weeks after randomisation. The mean worst NRS pain score was 7·1 (standard deviation [SD] 2·6) in the gabapentin group and 7·4 (SD 2·2) in the placebo group. Mean change from baseline was -1·4 (SD 2·3) in the gabapentin group and -1·2 (SD 2·1) in the placebo group (adjusted mean difference -0·20 [97·5% CI -0·81 to 0·42]; p=0·47). The mean average NRS pain score was 4·3 (SD 2·3) in the gabapentin group and 4·5 (SD 2·2) in the placebo group. Mean change from baseline was -1·1 (SD 2·0) in the gabapentin group and -0·9 (SD 1·8) in the placebo group (adjusted mean difference -0·18 [97·5% CI -0·71 to 0·35]; p=0·45)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32979978",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 3036,
"offsetInEndSection": 3540,
"text": "INTERPRETATION: This study was adequately powered, but treatment with gabapentin did not result in significantly lower pain scores in women with chronic pelvic pain, and was associated with higher rates of side-effects than placebo. Given the increasing reports of abuse and evidence of potential harms associated with gabapentin use, it is important that clinicians consider alternative treatment options to off-label gabapentin for the management of chronic pelvic pain and no obvious pelvic pathology."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34193515",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 58,
"text": "Gabapentin not effective for chronic pelvic pain in women."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34193515",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 57,
"text": "Gabapentin not effective for chronic pelvic pain in women"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6027434c1cb411341a0000dc
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What is the most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients?
|
['1650 mg/m2', '1650 m(2)', '825 mg/m(2) twice-daily']
|
[
"1650 mg/m2",
"1650 m(2)",
"825 mg/m(2) twice-daily",
"1650 mg per square meter",
"825 mg per square meter twice-daily"
] |
['The most appropriate dose of capecitabine for concurrent treatment with radiotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is generally considered to be 1650 mg/m² per day, as this dosage has been used effectively in clinical trials and aligns with current guidelines.', 'capecitabine was administered daily at a dose of 1650 mg/m(2) during the entire course of radiation therapy.', 'The optimal dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer has been studied, and various doses have been used in clinical trials. However, there is no definitive consensus on the ideal dose due to differences in study designs, patient populations, and treatment regimens. In some studies, capecitabine was administered at a dose of 800 mg/m² orally twice daily during radiotherapy, while others have used doses ranging from 625 to 1,250 mg/m² per day. The choice of dose should be based on the balance between efficacy and toxicity, as well as individual patient factors such as performance status, comorbidities, and tolerance to treatment. Clinical judgment and guidelines from expert panels can provide guidance in selecting an appropriate capecitabine dose for each patient undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is typically around 825 mg/m² twice daily. This dose has been commonly used in various studies in combination with radiotherapy and other chemotherapy agents like oxaliplatin or irinotecan. The specific dosing regimen may vary slightly depending on the study protocol, but the dose range of capecitabine used in these treatments is generally consistent around 825 mg/m² twice daily.', 'In the study mentioned, the most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients was 1650 mg/m(2) administered daily during the entire course of radiation therapy.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine when used concurrently with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer is 1650 mg/m² daily throughout the entire course of radiation therapy', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1650 mg/m(2).', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 825 mg/m2 twice-daily. This dose is recommended in multiple studies and has been shown to be effective and well-tolerated in combination with radiotherapy and other chemotherapy agents.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1,600 mg/m2.', 'Based on the study, the most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer is 1650 mg/m2 daily during the entire course of radiation therapy. This dosage was used in a prospective Phase II trial and was found to have low toxicity while achieving encouraging rates of tumor downstaging and sphincter preservation. However, further studies may be needed to confirm these findings and establish this dose as the standard.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine for concurrent treatment with radiotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1650 mg/m² daily. This dosage is administered throughout the entire course of radiation therapy.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1650 mg/m(2) daily.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1650 mg/m(2) administered daily during the entire course of radiation therapy.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients has been studied in clinical trials. A phase I trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of capecitabine given twice daily during pelvic irradiation in patients with resectable rectal cancer. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was reached at a dose level of 2000 mg m(-2) day(-1), but dose escalation was ceased at 1800 mg m(-2) day(-1) after reaching MTD. A phase II trial evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent radiotherapy and capecitabine in rectal cancer patients. The recommended dose for further evaluation was established at capecitabine 825 mg/m(2) bid, administered without break during a conventional radiotherapy period of about ', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine for concurrent use with radiation in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer is 1650 mg/m(2) daily.', 'Capecitabine was administered daily at a dose of 1650 mg/m(2) during the entire course of radiation therapy.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients has not been definitively established. The standard dose of capecitabine used in clinical practice is 1650 mg/m(2) per day, which is the dose used in the landmark phase III trial that demonstrated the efficacy and safety of capecitabine in this setting. However, some studies have suggested that a lower dose of capecitabine (e.g., 1250 mg/m(2) per day) may be equally effective and less toxic. The choice of dose should be individualized based on patient factors, such as age, performance status, and comorbidities, as well as the radiation dose and fractionation scheme used.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine for concurrent treatment with radiotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1650 mg/m(2) daily.', 'capecitabine was administered daily at a dose of 1650 mg/m(2) during the entire course of radiation therapy', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1650 mg/m(2) daily for 14 days.', 'Based on the information provided, capecitabine was administered daily at a dose of 1650 mg/m(2) during the entire course of radiation therapy for neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer patients.', 'The appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients has not been definitively established. However, a phase I trial of capecitabine and weekly irinotecan in combination with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer found that the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of capecitabine was 625 mg/m(2) bid, given concurrently with weekly irinotecan and pelvic radiotherapy. The MTD was determined based on the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities, primarily diarrhea. However, larger phase II trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this dose and schedule.', 'Based on the information provided, the most commonly used dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 825 mg/m2 twice daily, administered continuously or on days 1-14 and 22-35 of radiotherapy. Some key findings:\n\n- Capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice daily for 7 days/week was found to be an effective and tolerable continuous dosing regimen. \n- Capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1-14 and 22-35 was used in combination with oxaliplatin and radiotherapy in one study.\n- Several studies used capecitabine at 825 mg/m2 twice daily concomitantly with radiotherapy.\n\nWhile some variations in dosing schedules exist, capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice daily, either continuously or on select days concurrent with radiotherapy, appears to be a standard neoadjuvant regimen for locally advanced rectal cancer based on the provided abstracts.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1650 mg/m2 daily during the entire course of radiation therapy.', '1650 mg/m(2) of capecitabine is the most appropriate dose for concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients.', 'Capecitabine was administered orally at a dose of 825 mg/m(2) twice-daily concomitantly every day during pelvic irradiation.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1650 mg/m² per day, administered orally during the entire course of radiation therapy. This dose has been shown to improve pathological complete response rates and decrease local recurrence rates in clinical trials. However, the specific dose and duration of capecitabine and radiotherapy may vary based on individual patient factors and the discretion of the treating healthcare provider. It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized treatment recommendations.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 825 mg/m^2^ bid, administered without break during a conventional radiotherapy period of about 6 weeks. This dosage was determined based on the results of a phase I trial that established the feasibility of concurrent radiotherapy and capecitabine and defined the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) in patients with rectal cancer. The recommended dose for further evaluation is capecitabine 825 mg/m^2^ bid, which showed acceptable toxicity and promising response rates in preoperative chemoradiation based on RT at 45 Gy in 25 daily fractions over 5 weeks with continuous daily oral capecitabine at 650 mg m^2^ b.i.d. days 1-35 and weekly IV irinotecan at', 'Preoperative concomitant radiation therapy with oral capecitabine for locally advanced rectal cancer is feasible and safe. It is well tolerated. The most suitable dose of capecitabine is 825 mg/m2 twice daily every day during the entire course of radiation therapy.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 825 mg/m² delivered orally twice daily for the duration of radiotherapy.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine for concurrent treatment with radiotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1650 mg/m(2) daily during the entire course of radiation therapy.', '825 mg/m2, twice daily, administered continuously, during radiotherapy, and until 1 week after the last fraction of radiotherapy.', '1650 mg/m(2) daily during the entire course of radiation therapy.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1650 mg/m² administered daily throughout the course of radiation therapy.', '1650 mg/m(2)', '1650 mg/m(2) is the most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 1250 mg/m2 per day for 2 weeks followed by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 400 mg/m2 per day for 5 days, with a total of 6 cycles.', '825 mg/m^2^ twice daily on days 1-38 of chemoradiotherapy for neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer patients.', 'The most suitable dose of capecitabine for concurrent use with radiotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer is either 825 mg/m(2) twice daily or 900 mg/m(2) twice daily, depending on the specific trial and patient tolerance.', '825 mg/m² twice daily during radiotherapy and at weekends is considered the most appropriate dose of capecitabine for concurrent treatment in neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 825 mg/m2 twice daily, given on the days of radiotherapy, with a maximum daily dose of 1650 mg/m2.', 'The recommended dose for phase II evaluation is capecitabine 825 mg/m(2) bid, administered without break during a conventional radiotherapy period of about 6 weeks.', 'The most appropriate dose of capecitabine in concurrent treatment with radiotherapy for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer patients is 825 mg.', '\nAnswer: 825 mg/m² twice daily on days 1-14 of radiotherapy, as recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for colorectal cancer. Alternatively, daily 1600 mg/m² (2 cycles, separated by a 7-day rest) as determined in a phase I study. Consult with a healthcare provider for personalized treatment recommendations.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17987042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855196",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25102935",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19508705",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17385825",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12243814",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17042060",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27757395",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19690550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27891147",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37547762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20920276",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20194850",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16282246",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36801007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35633559",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16979839",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15913913",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016023",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37533948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19464823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18292610"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15913913",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 587,
"offsetInEndSection": 694,
"text": "capecitabine was administered daily at a dose of 1650 mg/m(2) during the entire course of radiation therapy"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36801007",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 714,
"offsetInEndSection": 875,
"text": "All patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and 45 Gy external beam radiotherapy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks with concurrent oral capecitabine (825 mg/m"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20194850",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 76,
"offsetInEndSection": 374,
"text": " T3-4 M0 rectal cancer. In this situation, we compared neoadjuvant radiotherapy plus capecitabine with dose-intensified radiotherapy plus capecitabine and oxaliplatin.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We randomly assigned patients to receive 5 weeks of treatment with radiotherapy 45 Gy/25 fractions with concu"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20920276",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 508,
"text": "BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of preoperative chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine in patients with locally advanced resectable rectal cancer. This report summarizes the results of the phase II study together with long-term (5-year) follow-up.METHODS: Between June 2004 and January 2005, 57 patients with operable, clinical stage II-III adenocarcinoma of the rectum entered the study. Radiation dose was 45 Gy delivered as 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy. Concurrent chemotherapy with o"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19464823",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 287,
"offsetInEndSection": 522,
"text": "(n = 20) or T3N0 (n = 5) rectal cancer received neoadjuvant therapy with radiotherapy (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions over 5.5 weeks), bevacizumab every 2 weeks (3 doses of 5 mg/kg), and capecitabine (900 mg/m(2) orally twice daily only on da"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37547762",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 801,
"offsetInEndSection": 925,
"text": "Concurrent chronomodulated capecitabine (Brunch regimen) 1650 mg/m2/daily chemotherapy treatment was applied in both groups."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37533948",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 572,
"text": "Purpose: To analyse the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) with dose-escalated image-guided intensity modulated radiation therapy (IG-IMRT) in locally advanced (T3/4; T1-4N1-2) rectal cancers (LARCs).Materials and methods: Twenty patients with the diagnosis of LARC were recruited in this prospective interventional single-arm study treated by IG-IMRT with 45 Gray (Gy) in 25 fractions to elective nodal volumes and 55 Gy in 25 fractions to the gross primary and nodal disease with concurrent capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice daily on radiotherapy days."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278899",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 807,
"offsetInEndSection": 944,
"text": "atients received radiation therapy (total dose 5000 cGy) and concomitant capecitabine (850 mg/m2) twice daily for 14 days every 3 weeks.R"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12243814",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 592,
"offsetInEndSection": 807,
"text": "hemotherapy was administered concurrent with radiotherapy and consisted of 2 cycles of 14-day oral capecitabine (1650 mg/m(2)/day) and leucovorin (20 mg/m(2)/day), each of which was followed by a 7-day rest period. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19508705",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 756,
"offsetInEndSection": 982,
"text": " patients received preoperative concurrent chemoradiation (45 Gy/25 fractions over 5 weeks with oral capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice daily on radiotherapy days), followed after 4-6 weeks by total mesorectal excision technique.RES"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25102935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 348,
"offsetInEndSection": 571,
"text": "r were included. Patients received capecitabine (1,650 mg/m(2) per day; 60% dose at 8:00 AM and 40% dose at 12:00 noon) administered during pelvic radiation (total 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions, 1.8 Gy daily dose between 2:00 p.m"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621694",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 806,
"offsetInEndSection": 1067,
"text": "Phase I and II clinical trials showed that a regimen consisting of capecitabine 825mg/m(2) twice daily for 7 days/week continuous oral administration in combination with RT is an active and well tolerated regimen, thereby being the preferred concurrent regimen."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19508705",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 653,
"offsetInEndSection": 1161,
"text": "ith low lying (4-7 cm from anal verge) locally advanced rectal cancer, of which 33 were resectable. All patients received preoperative concurrent chemoradiation (45 Gy/25 fractions over 5 weeks with oral capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice daily on radiotherapy days), followed after 4-6 weeks by total mesorectal excision technique.RESULTS: Preoperative chemoradiation resulted in a complete pathologic response in 4 patients (9.3%; 95% CI 3-23.1) and an overall downstaging in 32 patients (74.4%; 95% CI 58.5-85)."
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
66099c01fdcbea915f000023
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Inhibition of which transporter is the mechanism of action of drug Canagliflozin?
|
['sodium glucose co-transporter 2']
|
[
"sodium glucose co-transporter 2",
"SGLT2",
"Sodium-glucose transport protein 2",
"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2",
"Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2"
] |
Inhibition of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is the major mechanism of action of canagliflozin. Canagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved in the USA for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and is under regulatory review in the EU. Other SGLT2 inhibitors include dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257692",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23895803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729000",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23590413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23563279",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23412078",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326927",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23042029",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23087012",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10481836"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257692",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 303,
"offsetInEndSection": 436,
"text": "During the past year, two SGLT2 inhibitors, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin, have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 680,
"offsetInEndSection": 955,
"text": "Currently dapagliflozin, one of the three most advanced SGLT2 inhibitors in the development (along with canagliflozin and empagliflozin), is already in the market in few European countries and canagliflozin has been approved from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in US."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025022",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition with canagliflozin in type 2 diabetes mellitus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 429,
"offsetInEndSection": 636,
"text": "This report reviews the potentially beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus, specifically focusing on canagliflozin, the only SGLT2 inhibitor approved for use in the United States."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23895803",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 109,
"offsetInEndSection": 290,
"text": "The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin lowered blood glucose, blood pressure, and body weight, with increased risk of urogenital infections in Phase 2 studies. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 266,
"text": "Canagliflozin (Invokana™), an oral selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is under global development with Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 669,
"offsetInEndSection": 780,
"text": "Canagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved in the USA and is under regulatory review in the EU. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23590413",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Canagliflozin , an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23590413",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "Canagliflozin is an orally administered sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor proposed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23563279",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 471,
"offsetInEndSection": 665,
"text": "In this review, we summarize recent animal and human studies on ipragliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors including dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, tofogliflozin, and luseogliflozin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23412078",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor, is also a low-potency SGLT1 inhibitor. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23412078",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1665,
"offsetInEndSection": 1834,
"text": "Canagliflozin reduces postprandial plasma glucose and insulin by increasing UGE (via renal SGLT2 inhibition) and delaying RaO, likely due to intestinal SGLT1 inhibition."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002352",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051051",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0032410",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004364",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D045504"
] |
[] |
5335c7f2d6d3ac6a34000051
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What type of sequences do enhancers evolve from?
|
['exaptation of ancestral DNA']
|
[
"exaptation of ancestral DNA",
"exaptation",
"pre-adaptation",
"co-option",
"evolutionary repurposing",
"functional shift",
"adaptive reuse"
] |
['Studies have identified enhancers that were pivotal for morphological divergence and highlighted how novel genetic networks shaping form emerged from pre-existing ones.Most of the recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral dna exaptation , rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements.', 'Recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral DNA exaptation, rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements.', 'Most of the recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral DNA exaptation, rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements. The sequences of some gene regulatory elements diverge considerably, even between closely related species. ', 'The trend is one of high divergence of cis-regulatory elements between species, possibly compensated by extensive creation and loss of regulatory elements and rewiring of their target genes. Most of the recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral DNA exaptation, rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24097306",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28527813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21783031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218638",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218635"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21783031",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "The sequences of some gene regulatory elements diverge considerably, even between closely related species. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218635",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 840,
"offsetInEndSection": 1031,
"text": "The trend is one of high divergence of cis-regulatory elements between species, possibly compensated by extensive creation and loss of regulatory elements and rewiring of their target genes. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28527813",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 681,
"offsetInEndSection": 855,
"text": "These studies have identified enhancers that were pivotal for morphological divergence and highlighted how novel genetic networks shaping form emerged from pre-existing ones."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635462",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 465,
"offsetInEndSection": 600,
"text": "Most of the recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral DNA exaptation, rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218638",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 738,
"offsetInEndSection": 804,
"text": "santomea enhancer activity evolved from a weak ancestral activity."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5ac37afc0340b9f058000002
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which key gene is involved in syndromic obesity phenotype of patients with 1p21.3 microdeletions?
|
['MIR137']
|
[
"MIR137",
"miR-137",
"microRNA 137",
"microRNA-137"
] |
['MIR137 is the key gene mediator of the syndromic obesity phenotype of patients with 1p21. 3 microdeletions.', 'MIR137 is the key gene mediator of the syndromic obesity phenotype of patients with 1p21.3 microdeletions.', 'The MIR137 gene. It is the one that is responsible for the obesity phenotype of patients with 1p21.3 microdeletions.', 'The MIR137 gene. It is the one that is responsible for the obesity phenotype of patients carrying 1p21.3 microdeletions.', 'Deletions in the long arm of chromosome 1 have been described in patients with a phenotype consisting primarily of obesity, intellectual disability and autism-spectrum disorder. MIR137 is suggested as the mediator of the obesity phenotype of patients carrying 1p21.3 microdeletions.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22003227"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 552,
"text": "Deletions in the long arm of chromosome 1 have been described in patients with a phenotype consisting primarily of obesity, intellectual disability and autism-spectrum disorder. The minimal region of overlap comprises two genes: DPYD and MIR137.CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a 10-year-old boy with syndromic obesity who carries a novel 1p21.3 deletion overlapping the critical region with the MIR137 gene only.CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that MIR137 is the mediator of the obesity phenotype of patients carrying 1p21.3 microdeletions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22003227",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1637,
"offsetInEndSection": 1838,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that dosage effects of MIR137 are associated with 1p21.3 microdeletions and may therefore contribute to the ID phenotype in patients with deletions harbouring this miRNA."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27822311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 277,
"offsetInEndSection": 425,
"text": "e describe a 10-year-old boy with syndromic obesity who carries a novel 1p21.3 deletion overlapping the critical region with the MIR137 gene only.CO"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22003227",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "Chromosome 1p21.3 microdeletions comprising DPYD and MIR137 are associated with intellectual disability."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6031270b1cb411341a00012c
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Does ESN364 activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No, the NK3R antagonist, ESN364, suppressed the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in healthy volunteers by selective modulation of gonadotropin secretion']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26653113"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26653113",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1798,
"offsetInEndSection": 2042,
"text": "Oral administration of the NK3R antagonist, ESN364, suppressed the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in healthy volunteers by selective modulation of gonadotropin secretion, leading to a restrained decrease in ovarian hormone levels in women."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e5508e2b761aafe09000006
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What type of enzyme is peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2)?
|
['antioxidant']
|
[
"antioxidant",
"free radical scavenger",
"oxidation inhibitor",
"redox agent",
"antioxidative agent"
] |
Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) is an antioxidant enzyme that uses cysteine residues to decompose peroxides.
Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), an enzyme reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides
Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) is a thiol-dependent peroxidase.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23889121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23749642",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22989627",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22916248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21902453",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21248284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20646000",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19969073",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812325",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19375361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18479207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18222042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17522089",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17105810",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12943237"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23889121",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX-2) is an antioxidant and chaperone-like protein critical for cell function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23749642",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 215,
"offsetInEndSection": 349,
"text": "We found that the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx2) inversely correlated with the metastatic capacity of human melanoma cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22989627",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 51,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "The aim of this study was to examine gonadotropin regulation of antioxidant enzyme sulfiredoxin (Srx) and peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) expressions and modification during the ovulatory process in rats. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22916248",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1167,
"offsetInEndSection": 1392,
"text": "The mRNA profiler array showed more than 2-fold differential expression of 32 oxidative stress-related genes in unstimulated moDCs, including peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), an enzyme reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21902453",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 159,
"offsetInEndSection": 254,
"text": "Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx-2) is an abundant mammalian enzyme that protects against oxidative stress."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21248284",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) has been known to act as an antioxidant enzyme whose main function is H(2)O(2) reduction in cells. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21083423",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1067,
"offsetInEndSection": 1347,
"text": "These data indicate that Srx1 activity protects mice from the lethality of endotoxic shock, adding this enzyme to other host factors, as NRF2 and peroxiredoxin 2, which by regulating cellular reactive oxygen species levels act as important modifiers in the pathogenesis of sepsis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20646000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 639,
"offsetInEndSection": 722,
"text": "One of the identified proteins was peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), an anti-oxidant enzyme. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19969073",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 185,
"text": "Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prdx2), a potent peroxide reductant, is the third most abundant protein in the erythrocyte and might be expected to play a major role in the cell's oxidative defenses. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812325",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 819,
"offsetInEndSection": 940,
"text": "Importantly, we also demonstrate the antioxidant enzyme Prx2 (peroxiredoxin 2) as a critical cytoplasmic target of cdk5. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19375361",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "Human erythrocyte peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) is a typical 2-cys cytosolic peroxiredoxin with thiol-dependent hydrogen peroxide scavenger activity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18479207",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) is an antioxidant enzyme that uses cysteine residues to decompose peroxides."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18222042",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 860,
"offsetInEndSection": 1077,
"text": "Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), an antioxidant enzyme, was the most upregulated while tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3), a pro-apoptotic protein, was the most downregulated, implying a beneficial effect of lithium on neuronal cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17522089",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 204,
"offsetInEndSection": 352,
"text": "After 5 Gy irradiation, the relative abundance of peroxiredoxin 2, an antioxidant enzyme, and latexin, an inhibitor of carboxypeptidase, increased. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17105810",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 175,
"text": "Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), a thiol-dependent peroxidase, is the third most abundant protein in the erythrocyte, and its absence in knock-out mice gives rise to hemolytic anemia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12943237",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 340,
"text": "Suppression subtractive hybridization performed on Down syndrome (DS) versus control fetal brains revealed differential expression of peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), mapped at 13q12. Peroxiredoxins are antioxidant enzymes involved in protein and lipid protection against oxidative injury and in cellular signalling pathways regulating apoptosis. T"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054464",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004798"
] |
[] |
52bf1f1303868f1b06000014
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Is there any genetic determinant of hair pigmentation that could be useful in forensic analyses?
|
[['Yes, there are at least 12 genes associated with human hair color variation such as: TYR, TYRP1, OCA2, SLC45A2, SLC24A5, MC1R, ASIP and KITLG.']]
|
[
"TYR",
"Tyrosinase",
"TYRP1",
"Tyrosinase-related protein 1",
"OCA2",
"Oculocutaneous albinism II",
"SLC45A2",
"Solute carrier family 45 member 2",
"SLC24A5",
"Solute carrier family 24 member 5",
"MC1R",
"Melanocortin 1 receptor",
"ASIP",
"Agouti signaling protein",
"KITLG",
"Kit ligand"
] |
['Yes, there are at least 12 genes associated with human hair color variation such as: TYR, TYRP1, OCA2, SLC45A2, SLC24A5, MC1R, ASIP and KITLG.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23703035",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22709892",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21197618",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20158590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19414162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19291462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19083738",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17316231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11672965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24098679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22670867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556244",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22464347",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19384953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19297406",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19208107"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23703035",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 661,
"offsetInEndSection": 769,
"text": "a recent paper has reported the genetic determination of eye and hair color in samples up to 800 years old. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21197618",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 434,
"offsetInEndSection": 542,
"text": " Here, we demonstrate that human hair color is predictable from DNA variants with similarly high accuracies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21197618",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 662,
"offsetInEndSection": 724,
"text": "12 genes previously associated with human hair color variation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19083738",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 162,
"offsetInEndSection": 470,
"text": " several key pigmentation genes have been characterised, in particular the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R). Here, the function and known mutations of MC1R and other human pigmentation genes including ASIP, MATP, SLC24A5, TYR, TYRP1 and OCA2 are outlined, and a forensic test based on MC1R SNPs presented."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17316231",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 119,
"offsetInEndSection": 278,
"text": "Recent studies have proved that there is a significant association between some genetic variants of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene and red hair color."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11672965",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 206,
"text": "We describe a minisequencing protocol for screening DNA samples for the presence of 12 mutations in the human melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R), eight of which are associated with the red hair phenotype. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19208107",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Interactions between HERC2, OCA2 and MC1R may influence human pigmentation phenotype."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19297406",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 592,
"offsetInEndSection": 859,
"text": "Several genome-wide association studies for pigmentation have now been conducted and identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in known, TYR, TYRP1, OCA2, SLC45A2, SLC24A5, MC1R, ASIP, KITLG and previously unknown SLC24A4, IRF4, TPCN2, candidate genes. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22464347",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 164,
"offsetInEndSection": 206,
"text": " five red hair colour (RHC) MC1R alleles, "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556244",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 268,
"text": "Naturally blond hair is rare in humans and found almost exclusively in Europe and Oceania. Here, we identify an arginine-to-cysteine change at a highly conserved residue in tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) as a major determinant of blond hair in Solomon Islanders."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006200",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005826",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006202",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003116",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006197",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005823"
] |
[] |
54f60ea05f206a0c06000009
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the gene mutated in the Gaucher disease?
|
['glucocerebrosidase']
|
[
"glucocerebrosidase",
"GBA",
"glucosylceramidase",
"glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase",
"cerebroside beta-glucosidase"
] |
The glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA)
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23936319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22230121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21704274",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21223590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20004604",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17427031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16039881",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14757438",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11479729",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10882637",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9295080",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9187679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9175735",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8986634",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8556817",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7857677",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7923859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8051940",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8213821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1899336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2117855",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2349952",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2464926"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21704274",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 127,
"offsetInEndSection": 242,
"text": "The glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA), located in a gene-rich region on chromosome 1q 21, is mutated in Gaucher disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23936319",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 16,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "(GD) is the most common of the lysosomal storage disorders and is caused by defects in the GBA gene encoding glucocerebrosidase"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22230121",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 18,
"offsetInEndSection": 91,
"text": "(GD) results from a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21223590",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "Gaucher disease is caused by defective glucocerebrosidase activity"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20004604",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 3,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Gaucher disease (GD), the inherited deficiency of glucocerebrosidase"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17427031",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 73,
"text": "utations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene cause Gaucher disease (GD)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16039881",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 554,
"offsetInEndSection": 596,
"text": "mutations in glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16039881",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 17,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "GD) is a disorder of glycosphinglipid metabolism caused by deficiency of lysosomal acid beta-glucosidase "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14757438",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 134,
"text": "Gaucher disease (GD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by an impaired activity of the lysosomal glucocerebrosidase."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11479729",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 232,
"offsetInEndSection": 276,
"text": "Mutations in GBA may lead to Gaucher disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10882637",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 20,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Gaucher's disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disease produced by mutations of the Glucocerebrosidase gene"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9733040",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "aucher disease results, in most patients, from mutations in the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9295080",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 293,
"offsetInEndSection": 333,
"text": "mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9295080",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 107,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "type I Gaucher disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9187679",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 264,
"offsetInEndSection": 394,
"text": "complete deletion of the beta-glucocerebrosidase gene was investigated in 25 unrelated non-Jewish patients with Gaucher's disease "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9175735",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "aucher disease is a heterogeneous disease characterized by impaired activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8986634",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "aucher disease, resulting from the decreased activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8556817",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "screening of the glucocerebrosidase gene by SSCP analysis revealed an abnormal pattern of exon 10 in two unrelated Italian Gaucher patients"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7857677",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 17,
"offsetInEndSection": 74,
"text": "GD) is an inherited deficiency of beta-glucocerebrosidase"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7923859",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 55,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "Gaucher disease is type 1. The N370S glucocerebrosidase gene mutation accounts for 63% of mutated alleles"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8051940",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 43,
"offsetInEndSection": 115,
"text": "mutated glucocerebrosidase alleles of Portuguese type 1 Gaucher patients"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8213821",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 32,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "mutated alleles known to occur in the glucocerebrosidase gene was determined in 247 Gaucher patients"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1899336",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 115,
"offsetInEndSection": 264,
"text": "Gaucher disease has marked phenotypic variation and molecular heterogeneity, and several simple and complex alleles of the acid beta-glucosidase gene"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2117855",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 49,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "Gaucher disease in 3 successive generations were tested for the presence of the 2 common mutations known to occur in the glucocerebrosidase gene"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2349952",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 115,
"offsetInEndSection": 262,
"text": "Gaucher disease has marked phenotypic variation and molecular heterogeneity, and seven point mutations in the acid beta-glucosidase (beta-Glc) gene"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2464926",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 8,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "cDNA clones containing the entire coding sequence of human glucocerebrosidase were isolated from libraries originated from Gaucher patients"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005776",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1926"
] |
[] |
532f55fed6d3ac6a34000036
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which is the database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins?
|
[['mpMoRFsDB']]
|
[
"mpMoRFsDB",
"Molecular recognition features database",
"mpMoRFs Database",
"mpMoRFsDB database"
] |
['mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins.', 'mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins', 'mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins ', 'mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins ', 'mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins ', 'mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins ', 'mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins ']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24093637",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23328413"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "mpMoRFsDB: a database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 950,
"offsetInEndSection": 1065,
"text": "mpMoRFsDB provides valuable information related to disorder-based protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "mpMoRFsDB: a database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "mpMoRFsDB: a database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "mpMoRFsDB: a database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "mpMoRFsDB: a database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "mpMoRFsDB: a database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "mpMoRFsDB: a database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "mpMoRFsDB: a database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23894139",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "mpMoRFsDB: a database of molecular recognition features in membrane proteins."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
554140ad182542114d000003
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Has the olive tree pollen proteome been studied?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes,\nOlive pollen is a major allergenic source worldwide due to its extensive cultivation. We have combined available genomics data with a comprehensive proteomics approach to get the annotated olive tree (Olea europaea L.) pollen proteome and define its complex allergenome.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31192604"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31192604",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 271,
"text": "Olive pollen is a major allergenic source worldwide due to its extensive cultivation. We have combined available genomics data with a comprehensive proteomics approach to get the annotated olive tree (Olea europaea L.) pollen proteome and define its complex allergenome. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
60570af094d57fd879000025
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Have apolipoprotein mimetics been used in clinical trials?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, apolipoprotein mimetics have entered clinical trials.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25157031"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25157031",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1230,
"offsetInEndSection": 1329,
"text": "One of these (AEM-28) has recently been given orphan drug status and is undergoing clinical trials."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c895cf0f9c2ba6b28000001
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What is the major sequence determinant for nucleosome positioning?
|
['G+C content', 'GC%']
|
[
"G+C content",
"GC%",
"GC content",
"G+C ratio",
"Guanine-Cytosine content",
"Guanine-Cytosine percentage"
] |
['G+C content is the primary determinant of MNase-derived nucleosome occupancy.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20232936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19620965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305225",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21206756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30113318"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19620965",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 252,
"offsetInEndSection": 410,
"text": "Many yeast promoter and terminator regions intrinsically disfavor nucleosome formation, and nucleosomes assembled in vitro show strong rotational positioning."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 481,
"offsetInEndSection": 686,
"text": "Sequence analysis of 284,091 putative nucleosome cores obtained in this manner from a mixed-stage population of C. elegans reveals a combined picture of flexibility and constraint in nucleosome positioning"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21551148",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 205,
"offsetInEndSection": 371,
"text": "Nucleosome positioning influences the overall rate of sequence evolution. However, its impacts on specific patterns of sequence evolution are still poorly understood."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21206756",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 411,
"offsetInEndSection": 528,
"text": "his strongly affects nucleosome positioning data and especially sequence-dependent models for nucleosome positioning."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22435808",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 329,
"offsetInEndSection": 589,
"text": "e argue that, in budding yeast, while DNA sequence-specified nucleosome positioning may contribute to positions flanking the regions lacking nucleosomes, DNA thermodynamic stability is a major component determinant of the genetic organization of this organism."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305225",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 791,
"offsetInEndSection": 906,
"text": "DNA sequence preferences are associated with heterogeneous chromatin organization around transcription start sites."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30113318",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 325,
"offsetInEndSection": 607,
"text": "This paper rigorously quantifies the contribution of hitherto-debated sequence features-including G+C content, 10.5 bp periodicity, and poly(dA:dT) tracts-to three distinct aspects of genome-wide nucleosome landscape: occupancy, translational positioning and rotational positioning."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30113318",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1163,
"offsetInEndSection": 1276,
"text": "We further show that the 10.5 bp nucleotide periodicity facilitates rotational but not translational positioning."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30113318",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 876,
"offsetInEndSection": 1161,
"text": "We find that although G+C content is the primary determinant of MNase-derived nucleosome occupancy, MNase digestion biases may substantially influence this GC dependence. By contrast, poly(dA:dT) tracts are seen to deter nucleosome formation, regardless of the experimental method used"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20232936",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 592,
"offsetInEndSection": 889,
"text": "we consider the anisotropic flexibility of pyrimidine-purine (YR) dimeric steps in the context of their neighbors (e.g., YYRR versus RYRY); (iii) we postulate that alternating AT-rich and GC-rich motifs reflect sequence-dependent interactions between histone arginines and DNA in the minor groove."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5fe3131ca43ad31278000048
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the indication for SLCO1B1 genotyping?
|
['Statin treatment']
|
[
"Statin treatment",
"Statin therapy",
"HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors",
"Statins"
] |
['HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, also display wide interindividual variability in plasma concentration, response and toxicity due in part to polymorphisms in transporter genes, including SLCO1B1 and ABCG2. The SLCO1B1*5 variant is a risk factor for statin side effects and exhibits statin-specific effects: highest with simvastatin/atorvastatin and lowest with pravastatin/rosuvastatin.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27595674",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25181036",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25150868",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563221"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27595674",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 264,
"offsetInEndSection": 509,
"text": "including the well-known genetic variant associated with statin-associated muscle symptoms-solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) rs4149056-also increase the risk of statin-associated muscle symptoms in FH patients"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27595674",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "Statin-associated muscle symptoms and SLCO1B1 rs4149056 genotype in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25181036",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1834,
"offsetInEndSection": 2075,
"text": "Similarly, HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, also display wide interindividual variability in plasma concentration, response and toxicity due in part to polymorphisms in transporter genes, including SLCO1B1 and ABCG2."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131212",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "Association of SLCO1B1 gene polymorphisms with toxicity response of high dose methotrexate chemotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25150868",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 610,
"offsetInEndSection": 775,
"text": " development of SLCO1B1 genotyping to avoid statin induced adverse drug reactions is discussed as a model case for transporter pharmacogenetics clinical development."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563221",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 306,
"text": "Statin adherence is often limited by side effects. The SLCO1B1*5 variant is a risk factor for statin side effects and exhibits statin-specific effects: highest with simvastatin/atorvastatin and lowest with pravastatin/rosuvastatin. The effects of SLCO1B1*5 genotype guided statin therapy (GGST) are unknown"
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
| null | null |
58bbc0fc22d300530900001c
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the percentage of responders to tetrabenazine treatment for dystonia in children?
|
['up to > 60%']
|
[
"up to > 60%",
"greater than 60%",
"more than 60%",
"over 60%",
"exceeding 60%"
] |
['Tetrabenazine is used empirically in the treatment of dystonia in children with variable success. Observational studies report improvement of up to > 60% of the patients.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19808991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18555882",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9549503",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9040721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6502174",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6128697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6889706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22515742",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12710012",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3400500",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2904118"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19808991",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "report a patient with dystonia secondary to bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19808991",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 494,
"offsetInEndSection": 635,
"text": "The patient's dystonia responded to Trihexyphenidyl and to tetrabenazine, but these medications needed to be stopped because of side effects."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18555882",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 239,
"offsetInEndSection": 375,
"text": "An 8-year-old girl received 53 grays radiotherapy after surgery for craniopharyngioma. One year later she developed generalized dystonia"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18555882",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 481,
"offsetInEndSection": 606,
"text": "Pharmacological treatment with tetrabenazine, clonazepam and trihexiphenydile allowed a very limited improvement of dystonia;"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9549503",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 167,
"offsetInEndSection": 249,
"text": "welve cases of status dystonicus, of various underlying aetiologies, are presented"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9549503",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1134,
"offsetInEndSection": 1237,
"text": "Drug therapy with benzhexol, tetrabenazine and pimozide or haloperidol may be beneficial in some cases."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9040721",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "Over the past 15 years we have treated 526 patients with severe hyperkinetic movement disorders with tetrabenazine (TBZ)"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9040721",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 502,
"offsetInEndSection": 799,
"text": "The global response rating of 1 (marked improvement) was recorded in 89.2% of 93 patients with tardive stereotypy, 83.3% of 12 with myoclonus, 82.8% of 29 with Huntington's disease, 80.5% of 82 with tardive dystonia, 79.3% of 29 with other movement disorders, 62.9% of 108 with idiopathic dystonia"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6502174",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 462,
"offsetInEndSection": 692,
"text": "Twelve adults with severe axial dystonia, and two children with life-threatening generalised dystonia were treated with a combination of a low constant dose of tetrabenazine to which were added pimozide and benzhexol as necessary."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6502174",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1341,
"offsetInEndSection": 1582,
"text": "When benzhexol treatment alone fails in adults with severe disabling axial dystonia, or in children with life-threatening generalised dystonia, combined therapy with tetrabenazine, pimozide and benzhexol may give valuable symptomatic relief."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6128697",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 330,
"offsetInEndSection": 424,
"text": "We present 42 patients with tardive dystonia. The age of onset of dystonia was 13 to 60 years."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6128697",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 682,
"offsetInEndSection": 804,
"text": "The most frequently helpful medications were tetrabenazine (68% of patients improved) and anticholinergics (39% improved)."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6889706",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 373,
"text": "8-year-old boy of non-Jewish, Mexican-American descent with autosomal-dominant dystonia musculorum deformans who developed rapidly progressive and severe generalized dystonia, hyperpyrexia, myoglobinuria, and renal failure"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6889706",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 402,
"offsetInEndSection": 468,
"text": "Transient improvement was achieved with tetrabenazine and baclofen"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013747",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004421",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:543",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:544",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020821",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014103",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:5159",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009069"
] | null |
515ddda6298dcd4e5100001f
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What body parts are also known as phalanges?
|
['bones of the digits, fingers or toes']
|
[
"phalanges",
"digital bones",
"bones of the digits",
"fingers",
"toes",
"finger bones",
"toe bones"
] |
['The anatomical structure of each finger is comprised of four phalanges (distal, middle, proximal, and metacarpal phalange). Toes are also known as phalages']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700363",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22250842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2187446",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24486016",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16965880"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24486016",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 57,
"text": "Metacarpal and phalangeal fractures of the long fingers a"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700363",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 733,
"offsetInEndSection": 857,
"text": " The anatomical structure of each finger is comprised of four phalanges (distal, middle, proximal, and metacarpal phalange)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16965880",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 360,
"offsetInEndSection": 488,
"text": "arious features of the toes, humps in the toe line, phalange marks, flatfoot condition, pits, cracks, corns, etc., were studied."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2187446",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 504,
"offsetInEndSection": 722,
"text": "802), in which physical injuries are listed, ranging from loss of single phalanges, differentiated between thumb, forefinger, small finger, and the other fingers, to death, is compared with modern grades of disability."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22250842",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 616,
"offsetInEndSection": 742,
"text": "They featured a prominent unpaired femur besides paired tibiotarsi, tarsometatarsi and species-specific phalanges of the toes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7366585",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 362,
"offsetInEndSection": 495,
"text": "The bone structure is rarefied at the distal metaphyses of the metacarpals and the proximal metaphyses of the finger basal phalanges."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
|
[
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050278",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050277"
] | null |
58f3c62970f9fc6f0f00000b
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Can vitamin B1 deficiency cause encephalopathy?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
["Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological syndrome caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and clinically characterized by the sudden onset of mental status changes, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia. It is commonly associated with heavy alcohol consumption. Other clinical associations are with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), starvation, and prolonged intravenous feeding.", "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological syndrome caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and clinically characterized by the sudden onset of mental status changes, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia", "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological syndrome caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and clinically characterized by the sudden onset of mental status changes, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia", "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological syndrome caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and clinically characterized by the sudden onset of mental status changes, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia", "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological syndrome caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and clinically characterized by the sudden onset of mental status changes, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia", "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological syndrome caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and clinically characterized by the sudden onset of mental status changes, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia"]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050351",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24701066",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515801",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22703872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935638",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279523",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11304071",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24620429",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217196",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25276464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24117525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24973622",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7695937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23715222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23278769",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23042832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2361826",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14644703"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050351",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological syndrome caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and clinically characterized by the sudden onset of mental status changes, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy (or Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy) is a rarely diagnosed neurological disorder, which is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24701066",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 139,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a potentially reversible yet serious neurological manifestation caused by vitamin B1(thiamine) deficiency"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 717,
"offsetInEndSection": 876,
"text": "Both the thyrotoxicosis and a catabolic state due to the hyperemesis were thought to have induced a vitamin B1 deficiency, causing the Wernicke encephalopathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy (or Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy) is a rarely diagnosed neurological disorder, which is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 70,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency characterized by vertigo, ataxia, and mental confusion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217196",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 157,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and most commonly found in individuals with chronic alcoholism and malnutrition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24620429",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurological disease resulting from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11304071",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 351,
"offsetInEndSection": 525,
"text": "Post-mortem findings demonstrate that thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency sufficient to cause irreversible brain damage is not diagnosed ante mortem in 80-90% of these patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy (or Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy) is a rarely diagnosed neurological disorder, which is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25276464",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric disorder, due to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 717,
"offsetInEndSection": 876,
"text": "Both the thyrotoxicosis and a catabolic state due to the hyperemesis were thought to have induced a vitamin B1 deficiency, causing the Wernicke encephalopathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050351",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 216,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological syndrome caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and clinically characterized by the sudden onset of mental status changes, ocular abnormalities, and ataxia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11304071",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 351,
"offsetInEndSection": 525,
"text": "Post-mortem findings demonstrate that thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency sufficient to cause irreversible brain damage is not diagnosed ante mortem in 80-90% of these patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 172,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy, a pathology caused by vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency, is often difficult to diagnose and can lead to severe cognitive sequels if left untreated."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24117525",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 176,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy-Korsakoff syndrome (WE-KS) is common in alcoholics, caused by thiamine deficiency (TD; vitamin B1) and associated with lesions to the thalamus (THAL)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 69,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy (or Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy) is a rarely diagnosed neurological disorder, which is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24973622",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 221,
"text": "Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, associated with a variety of conditions, including chronic alcoholism and bariatric surgery for morbid obesity, can result in the neurological disorder Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7695937",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is caused by thiamin deficiency and can be recognized by severe neurological symptoms that are occasionally accompanied by systemic signs. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Wernicke's encephalopathy, a pathology caused by vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency, is often difficult to diagnose and can lead to severe cognitive sequels if left untreated. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22703872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 297,
"offsetInEndSection": 518,
"text": "OBSERVATION: We report a case of encephalopathy due to dual vitamin deficiency of both thiamine (vitamin B1) and niacin (vitamin PP) in an 80-year-old women, hospitalized for severe sepsis caused by aspiration pneumonia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254404",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by profound vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency and commonly presents with the classic clinical triad of mental confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23715222",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "[Wernicke´s encephalopathy and polyneuropathy associated with vitamin B complex deficiency after a bariatric surgery]."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23278769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Thiamine deficiency in patients who abuse alcohol can cause Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7695937",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is caused by thiamin deficiency and can be recognized by severe neurological symptoms that are occasionally accompanied by systemic signs. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Wernicke's encephalopathy, a pathology caused by vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency, is often difficult to diagnose and can lead to severe cognitive sequels if left untreated. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22703872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 297,
"offsetInEndSection": 518,
"text": "OBSERVATION: We report a case of encephalopathy due to dual vitamin deficiency of both thiamine (vitamin B1) and niacin (vitamin PP) in an 80-year-old women, hospitalized for severe sepsis caused by aspiration pneumonia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254404",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by profound vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency and commonly presents with the classic clinical triad of mental confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23715222",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "[Wernicke´s encephalopathy and polyneuropathy associated with vitamin B complex deficiency after a bariatric surgery]."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23278769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Thiamine deficiency in patients who abuse alcohol can cause Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7695937",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is caused by thiamin deficiency and can be recognized by severe neurological symptoms that are occasionally accompanied by systemic signs. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Wernicke's encephalopathy, a pathology caused by vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency, is often difficult to diagnose and can lead to severe cognitive sequels if left untreated. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22703872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 297,
"offsetInEndSection": 518,
"text": "OBSERVATION: We report a case of encephalopathy due to dual vitamin deficiency of both thiamine (vitamin B1) and niacin (vitamin PP) in an 80-year-old women, hospitalized for severe sepsis caused by aspiration pneumonia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254404",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by profound vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency and commonly presents with the classic clinical triad of mental confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23715222",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "[Wernicke´s encephalopathy and polyneuropathy associated with vitamin B complex deficiency after a bariatric surgery]."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23278769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Thiamine deficiency in patients who abuse alcohol can cause Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23715222",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "[Wernicke´s encephalopathy and polyneuropathy associated with vitamin B complex deficiency after a bariatric surgery]."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23042832",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 134,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy--a debilitating acute or subacute neurological disorder-is caused by a deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B(1)). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23278769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Thiamine deficiency in patients who abuse alcohol can cause Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7695937",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is caused by thiamin deficiency and can be recognized by severe neurological symptoms that are occasionally accompanied by systemic signs. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 187,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Wernicke's encephalopathy, a pathology caused by vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency, is often difficult to diagnose and can lead to severe cognitive sequels if left untreated. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22703872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 297,
"offsetInEndSection": 518,
"text": "OBSERVATION: We report a case of encephalopathy due to dual vitamin deficiency of both thiamine (vitamin B1) and niacin (vitamin PP) in an 80-year-old women, hospitalized for severe sepsis caused by aspiration pneumonia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254404",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by profound vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency and commonly presents with the classic clinical triad of mental confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23715222",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "[Wernicke´s encephalopathy and polyneuropathy associated with vitamin B complex deficiency after a bariatric surgery]."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23278769",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Thiamine deficiency in patients who abuse alcohol can cause Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2361826",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 91,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is a serious neurological manifestation of vitamin B1 deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2361826",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 91,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is a serious neurological manifestation of vitamin B1 deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 564,
"offsetInEndSection": 723,
"text": "Both the thyrotoxicosis and a catabolic state due to the hyperemesis were thought to have induced a vitamin B1 deficiency, causing the Wernicke encephalopathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy (or Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy) is a rarely diagnosed neurological disorder, which is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency characterized by vertigo,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11304071",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 179,
"offsetInEndSection": 603,
"text": "Post-mortem findings demonstrate that thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency sufficient to cause irreversible brain damage is not diagnosed ante mortem in 80-90% of these patients. The causes of vitamin deficiency are reviewed with special attention to the inhibition of oral thiamine hydrochloride absorption in man caused by malnutrition present in alcoholic patients or by the direct effects of ethanol on intestinal transport."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14644703",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is a serious neurologic disorder caused by vitamin-B1 or thiamine deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935638",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 148,
"offsetInEndSection": 276,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy results from thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. Common causes include alcoholism and gastric disorders."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 564,
"offsetInEndSection": 723,
"text": "Both the thyrotoxicosis and a catabolic state due to the hyperemesis were thought to have induced a vitamin B1 deficiency, causing the Wernicke encephalopathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy (or Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy) is a rarely diagnosed neurological disorder, which is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency characterized by vertigo, ataxia, and mental confusion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217196",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 158,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and most commonly found in individuals with chronic alcoholism and malnutrition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11304071",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 179,
"offsetInEndSection": 353,
"text": "Post-mortem findings demonstrate that thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency sufficient to cause irreversible brain damage is not diagnosed ante mortem in 80-90% of these patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 564,
"offsetInEndSection": 723,
"text": "Both the thyrotoxicosis and a catabolic state due to the hyperemesis were thought to have induced a vitamin B1 deficiency, causing the Wernicke encephalopathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy (or Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy) is a rarely diagnosed neurological disorder, which is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency characterized by vertigo, ataxia, and mental confusion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217196",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 158,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and most commonly found in individuals with chronic alcoholism and malnutrition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11304071",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 179,
"offsetInEndSection": 353,
"text": "Post-mortem findings demonstrate that thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency sufficient to cause irreversible brain damage is not diagnosed ante mortem in 80-90% of these patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 564,
"offsetInEndSection": 723,
"text": "Both the thyrotoxicosis and a catabolic state due to the hyperemesis were thought to have induced a vitamin B1 deficiency, causing the Wernicke encephalopathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy (or Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy) is a rarely diagnosed neurological disorder, which is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency characterized by vertigo, ataxia, and mental confusion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217196",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 158,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and most commonly found in individuals with chronic alcoholism and malnutrition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11304071",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 179,
"offsetInEndSection": 353,
"text": "Post-mortem findings demonstrate that thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency sufficient to cause irreversible brain damage is not diagnosed ante mortem in 80-90% of these patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9279523",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 564,
"offsetInEndSection": 723,
"text": "Both the thyrotoxicosis and a catabolic state due to the hyperemesis were thought to have induced a vitamin B1 deficiency, causing the Wernicke encephalopathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515801",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379094",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Wernicke encephalopathy (or Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy) is a rarely diagnosed neurological disorder, which is caused by vitamin B1 deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14644703",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is a serious neurologic disorder caused by vitamin-B1 or thiamine deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23090806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological disorder caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency characterized by vertigo, ataxia, and mental confusion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217196",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 158,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and most commonly found in individuals with chronic alcoholism and malnutrition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943242",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 173,
"text": "Wernicke's encephalopathy, a pathology caused by vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency, is often difficult to diagnose and can lead to severe cognitive sequels if left untreated."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
572211540fd6f91b68000016
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
Sclerostin regulates what process?
|
['bone metabolism']
|
[
"bone metabolism",
"osseous metabolism",
"bone turnover",
"bone remodeling",
"skeletal metabolism"
] |
['Sclerostin plays a critical role in bone homeostasis and its deficiency or pharmacological neutralization increases bone formation']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20043874",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27342581",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25248363",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23737439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28571484",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24949665",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26826396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24151757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22206666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27742498",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27965160",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702725",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23233270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845326",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21991382",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28081119",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22082361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21890009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21312267"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27965160",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 82,
"offsetInEndSection": 326,
"text": " Sclerostin is a soluble antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling secreted primarily by osteocytes. Current evidence indicates that sclerostin likely functions as a local/paracrine regulator of bone metabolism rather than as an endocrine hormone. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27742498",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 354,
"text": "After discovering that lack of Sost/sclerostin expression is the cause of the high bone mass human syndromes Van Buchem disease and sclerosteosis, extensive animal experimentation and clinical studies demonstrated that sclerostin plays a critical role in bone homeostasis and that its deficiency or pharmacological neutralization increases bone formation"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21312267",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "Sclerostin is a locally acting regulator of late-osteoblast/preosteocyte differentiation and regulates mineralization through a MEPE-ASARM-dependent mechanism."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23737439",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "The osteocyte product sclerostin is emerging as an important paracrine regulator of bone mass."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21890009",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 111,
"text": "Sclerostin is a secreted inhibitor of Wnt signaling and plays an essential role in the regulation of bone mass."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28081119",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 87,
"offsetInEndSection": 172,
"text": "Sclerostin secreted by osteocytes is mechanosensory and important in bone remodeling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26826396",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 94,
"offsetInEndSection": 207,
"text": "Sclerostin negatively regulates Wnt signaling pathway and also has an important role in postmenopausal bone loss."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836717",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "Sclerostin regulates bone formation by inhibiting Wnt pathway signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22082361",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 195,
"text": "Sclerostin, an osteocyte-expressed negative regulator of bone formation, is one of the inhibitors of Wnt signaling that is a critical pathway in the correct process of osteoblast differentiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20043874",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 67,
"text": "Sclerostin, a secreted glycoprotein, regulates osteoblast function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845326",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 127,
"offsetInEndSection": 202,
"text": "Sclerostin regulates bone formation by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702725",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1016,
"offsetInEndSection": 1167,
"text": "We suggest that sclerostin negatively regulates the formation of bone by repressing the differentiation and/or function of osteoblasts induced by BMPs."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26826396",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 101,
"offsetInEndSection": 214,
"text": "Sclerostin negatively regulates Wnt signaling pathway and also has an important role in postmenopausal bone loss."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702725",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1168,
"offsetInEndSection": 1333,
"text": "Since sclerostin expression is confined to the bone-resorbing osteoclast, it provides a mechanism whereby bone apposition is inhibited in the vicinity of resorption."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845326",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 127,
"offsetInEndSection": 201,
"text": "Sclerostin regulates bone formation by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23737439",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Sclerostin regulates release of bone mineral by osteocytes by induction of carbonic anhydrase 2."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22206666",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "The secreted glycoprotein, sclerostin alters bone formation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24949665",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 69,
"offsetInEndSection": 182,
"text": "Sclerostin, encoded by the sost gene, and a product of the osteocyte, is a negative regulator of bone formation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25248363",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Sclerostin is a Wnt pathway antagonist regulating osteoblast activity and bone turnover, and it plays a role in cardiovascular calcification processes. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23233270",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 10,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": " Sclerostin plays a major role in regulating skeletal bone mass, but its effects in articular cartilage are not known."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24151757",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 33,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "Sclerostin is a key negative regulator of bone formation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21991382",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 145,
"text": "Sclerostin is a product of mature osteocytes embedded in mineralised bone and is a negative regulator of bone mass and osteoblast differentiation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28571484",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 145,
"text": "In humans, the SOST gene encodes sclerostin, an inhibitor of bone growth and remodeling, which also negatively regulates the bone repair process."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27342581",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 93,
"text": "The glycoprotein sclerostin (Scl; 22 kDa), which is involved in bone metabolism, "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
|
[
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SOST_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SOST_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SOST_CHLAE"
] | null |
5a9700adfcd1d6a10c00002c
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Does hypofractionated radiotherapy offers any benefit for DIPG?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No. Hypofractionated radiotherapy does not offers benefit when compared to conventional fractionated radiation therapy for DIPG.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31785177",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21327862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33080729",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31728883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24560760"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31785177",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1399,
"offsetInEndSection": 1631,
"text": "CONCLUSION: Hypofractionated RT for children with newly diagnosed DIPG is well tolerated and feasible from the viewpoint of reducing a patient's burden of treatment. Re-irradiation at first progression is suggested to be beneficial."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31785177",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 795,
"offsetInEndSection": 1070,
"text": "Median OS and time to progression were similar between conventionally fractionated and hypofractionated RT groups.(9.7 [95% confidence interval(CI): 7.1-11.2] versus 11.0[95% CI: 5.2-13.6] months, P = 0.60; 4.2[95% CI: 1.8-8.3] versus 7.1 [95% CI:4.5-8.7] months, P = 0.38). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31728883",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1020,
"offsetInEndSection": 1464,
"text": "The median overall survival (OS) was 11 months (95% CI - 7.5 to 14.5 months) in the conventional arm and 12 months (95% CI - 10.5 to 13.5 months) in the experimental arm (p = 0.208). 28% (n = 5) patients in the experimental arm developed grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicity.CONCLUSION: The above study shows that hypofractionated radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide does not improve OS and has higher hematological toxicity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33080729",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1157,
"offsetInEndSection": 1288,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that CFRT and HFRT provide similar survival outcomes for patients with DIPG."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24560760",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1131,
"offsetInEndSection": 1372,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated radiotherapy offers lesser burden on the patients, their families and the treating departments, with nearly comparable results to conventional fractionation, though not fulfilling the non-inferiority assumption."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21327862",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1239,
"offsetInEndSection": 1449,
"text": "xternal radiotherapy with a radical hypofractionated regimen is feasible and well tolerated in children with newly diagnosed DIPG. However, this regimen does not seem to change overall survival in this setting."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6025fa371cb411341a0000be
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
Which receptor is targeted by Erenumab?
|
['calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor']
|
[
"calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor",
"CGRP receptor",
"calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor type 1",
"CGRP-R",
"CGRP receptor type 1"
] |
['Erenumab is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, is being evaluated for migraine prevention.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29406534",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28835404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29263689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28736918",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30360965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29691490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28460892",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28644160",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29471679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29171821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29697153",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30409109",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29968151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29878340",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30086681"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28736918",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 258,
"text": "Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling are being explored as prophylactic treatments for migraine. Erenumab (AMG 334) is the first potent, selective, and competitive human mAb antagonist of the CGRP receptor. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29406534",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "Erratum: Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor as a novel target for the management of people with episodic migraine: current evidence and safety profile of erenumab [Corrigendum]."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29432219",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 289,
"text": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway have been developed for episodic and chronic migraine prevention, either through binding the CGRP ligand (eptinezumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab) or the CGRP receptor (erenumab). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29471679",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 96,
"offsetInEndSection": 237,
"text": "Erenumab, a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, is being evaluated for migraine prevention."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29697153",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1160,
"offsetInEndSection": 1379,
"text": "Currently, there is considerable excitement regarding monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (eptinezumab, galcanezumab, fremanezumab) and the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (erenumab). "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29263689",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor as a novel target for the management of people with episodic migraine: current evidence and safety profile of erenumab."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29263689",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 448,
"offsetInEndSection": 573,
"text": "Erenumab is the only mAb that targets the CGRP receptor instead of the ligand, with high specificity and affinity of binding."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29171821",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "BACKGROUND\nWe tested erenumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, for the prevention of episodic migraine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28460892",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 104,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "We assessed the efficacy and safety of erenumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against the CGRP receptor, in patients with chronic migraine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30360965",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 131,
"offsetInEndSection": 211,
"text": "Erenumab is a novel CGRP-receptor antibody with preventive efficacy in migraine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29697153",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1160,
"offsetInEndSection": 1378,
"text": "Currently, there is considerable excitement regarding monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (eptinezumab, galcanezumab, fremanezumab) and the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (erenumab)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28736918",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 148,
"offsetInEndSection": 257,
"text": "Erenumab (AMG 334) is the first potent, selective, and competitive human mAb antagonist of the CGRP receptor."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28835404",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nTo assess long-term safety and efficacy of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor erenumab in patients with episodic migraine (EM)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29691490",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 522,
"offsetInEndSection": 777,
"text": "CGRP receptor antagonists such as ubrogepant are effective for acute relief of migraine headache, whereas monoclonal antibodies against CGRP (eptinezumab, fremanezumab and galcanezumab) or the CGRP receptor (erenumab) effectively prevent migraine attacks."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28644160",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 279,
"offsetInEndSection": 499,
"text": "Currently, 4 monoclonal antibodies targeting either the CGRP ligand or receptor are being studied for migraine prevention: ALD403 (eptinezumab), AMG 334 (erenumab), LY2951742 (galcanezumab), and TEV-48125 (fremanezumab)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29968151",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "Amgen and Novartis are developing erenumab (AIMOVIG™, erenumab-aooe)-a fully human monoclonal antibody calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist-for the prevention of migraine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29878340",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 337,
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nTo determine the potential impact of erenumab, a human anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor monoclonal antibody, on total exercise time (TET), time to exercise-induced angina, and ST depression in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with stable angina due to documented coronary artery disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30086681",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 265,
"text": "Background We evaluated the effect of erenumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the canonical calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, on migraine-related disability, impact, and health-related quality of life among patients with episodic migraine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30409109",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 297,
"offsetInEndSection": 552,
"text": "METHODS\nThirteen migraine patients, previously enrolled in erenumab anti-CGRP receptor monoclonal antibody trials, received CGRP in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over design to investigate their susceptibility to migraine induction."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28644160",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 374,
"offsetInEndSection": 594,
"text": "Currently, 4 monoclonal antibodies targeting either the CGRP ligand or receptor are being studied for migraine prevention: ALD403 (eptinezumab), AMG 334 (erenumab), LY2951742 (galcanezumab), and TEV-48125 (fremanezumab). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29878340",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1593,
"offsetInEndSection": 1789,
"text": "Erenumab did not adversely affect exercise time in a high cardiovascular risk population of patients, supporting that inhibition of the canonical CGRP receptor does not worsen myocardial ischemia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29878340",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 327,
"text": "To determine the potential impact of erenumab, a human anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor monoclonal antibody, on total exercise time (TET), time to exercise-induced angina, and ST depression in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with stable angina due to documented coronary artery disease."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c73acef7c78d69471000088
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which infection can be prevented with Dapivirine?
|
['HIV']
|
[
"HIV",
"Human Immunodeficiency Virus",
"Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1",
"HIV-1",
"Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2",
"HIV-2",
"AIDS virus"
] |
['Vaginal ring containing Dapivirine is used for HIV prevention in women.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25845860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26900902",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24693866",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27398859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20854207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25880636",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24449442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14693562",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24901365",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19029331",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26732684",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24862093",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20574411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26837628",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22708075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26514157",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19623693",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25079391",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26963505",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18086845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19388819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23360246",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965226",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23177261",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109069",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19958831",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25089538"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26514157",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 519,
"text": "OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to comprehensively assess mRNA expression of 84 drug transporters in human colorectal biopsies and six representative cell lines, and to investigate the alteration of drug transporter gene expression after exposure to three candidate microbicidal antiretroviral (ARV) drugs (tenofovir, darunavir and dapivirine) in the colorectal epithelium. The outcome of the objectives informs development of optimal ARV-based microbicidal formulations for prevention of HIV-1 infection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26837628",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 225,
"text": "We evaluated the adherence and acceptability of a vaginal ring containing dapivirine, maraviroc, or both drugs for 28 days during a Phase I placebo-controlled trial in 48 HIV-negative sexually abstinent U.S. women aged 18-40."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26900902",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 74,
"text": "Use of a Vaginal Ring Containing Dapivirine for HIV-1 Prevention in Women."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26900902",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 423,
"offsetInEndSection": 1292,
"text": "Methods We conducted a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a monthly vaginal ring containing dapivirine, a non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, involving women between the ages of 18 and 45 years in Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Results Among the 2629 women who were enrolled, 168 HIV-1 infections occurred: 71 in the dapivirine group and 97 in the placebo group (incidence, 3.3 and 4.5 per 100 person-years, respectively). The incidence of HIV-1 infection in the dapivirine group was lower by 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1 to 46; P=0.05) than that in the placebo group. In an analysis that excluded data from two sites that had reduced rates of retention and adherence, the incidence of HIV-1 infection in the dapivirine group was lower by 37% (95% CI, 12 to 56; P=0.007) than that in the placebo group."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26900902",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1713,
"offsetInEndSection": 1902,
"text": "Conclusions A monthly vaginal ring containing dapivirine reduced the risk of HIV-1 infection among African women, with increased efficacy in subgroups with evidence of increased adherence. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26963505",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 442,
"text": "BACKGROUND: This was the first microbicide trial conducted in Africa to evaluate an antiretroviral-containing vaginal ring as an HIV prevention technology for women.OBJECTIVES: The trial assessed and compared the safety, acceptability and adherence to product use of a 4-weekly administered vaginal ring containing the antiretroviral microbicide, dapivirine, with a matching placebo ring among women from four countries in sub-Saharan Africa."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26963505",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1817,
"offsetInEndSection": 2046,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: The dapivirine vaginal ring has a favourable safety and acceptability profile. If proven safe and effective in large-scale trials, it will be an important component of combination HIV prevention approaches for women."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25079391",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 176,
"text": "PURPOSE: To develop polymeric films containing dual combinations of anti-HIV drug candidate tenofovir, maraviroc and dapivirine for vaginal application as topical microbicides."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25880636",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 332,
"offsetInEndSection": 532,
"text": "Efficacy trials with a dapivirine-containing vaginal ring for HIV prevention are ongoing and plans to develop multi-purpose vaginal rings for prevention of both HIV and pregnancy have been elaborated."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19029331",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by the candidate microbicide dapivirine, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26900902",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 900,
"offsetInEndSection": 1054,
"text": "The incidence of HIV-1 infection in the dapivirine group was lower by 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1 to 46; P=0.046) than that in the placebo group."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26900902",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1054,
"offsetInEndSection": 1287,
"text": "In an analysis that excluded data from two sites that had reduced rates of retention and adherence, the incidence of HIV-1 infection in the dapivirine group was lower by 37% (95% CI, 12 to 56; P=0.007) than that in the placebo group."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22708075",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 608,
"offsetInEndSection": 830,
"text": "Within this study the in vitro bioactivity of dapivirine as compared to the NNRTI UC781 was further established and a quick dissolve film was developed for vaginal application of dapivirine for prevention of HIV infection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20574411",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "Dapivirine, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is in development as a microbicide for the protection of women against HIV infection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18086845",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Dapivirine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor being developed as a topical microbicide for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19388819",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 705,
"offsetInEndSection": 960,
"text": "Dapivirine from both IVRs was successfully distributed throughout the lower genital tract at concentrations>1000x the EC(50) against wild-type HIV-1 (LAI) in MT4 cells suggesting that IVR delivery of microbicides is a viable option meriting further study."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14693562",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 272,
"text": "The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors UC-781 and TMC120-R147681 (Dapivirine) effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24449442",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 345,
"text": "To assess the potential of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to affect the genital distribution and local and systemic pharmacokinetics (PK) of the anti-HIV microbicide drug candidate dapivirine after vaginal delivery.Dapivirine-loaded, poly(ethylene oxide)-coated poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) NPs were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14693562",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 271,
"text": "The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors UC-781 and TMC120-R147681 (Dapivirine) effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18086845",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Dapivirine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor being developed as a topical microbicide for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23177261",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 972,
"offsetInEndSection": 1144,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates proof of concept for a dapivirine-releasing diaphragm with daily release quantities potentially capable of preventing HIV transmission. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061040",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 304,
"offsetInEndSection": 740,
"text": "Antiretroviral-containing vaginal microbicide rings, which release medication over a month or longer, may reduce these adherence challenges.ASPIRE (A Study to Prevent Infection with a Ring for Extended Use) is a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial testing the safety and effectiveness of a vaginal ring containing the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor dapivirine for prevention of HIV-1 infection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19029331",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 642,
"offsetInEndSection": 774,
"text": "Dapivirine demonstrated potent dose-dependent inhibitory effects against a broad panel of HIV type 1 isolates from different clades."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27398859",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 657,
"offsetInEndSection": 829,
"text": "Two large efficacy trials of a vaginal ring containing the investigational drug dapivirine demonstrated efficacy and safety in preventing HIV infections in women in Africa."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23965226",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 575,
"offsetInEndSection": 831,
"text": "In doing so, we discovered that dapivirine and maraviroc, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an entry inhibitor currently in development as microbicides for HIV PrEP, are differentially metabolized in colorectal tissue and vaginal tissue."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24901365",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1267,
"offsetInEndSection": 1611,
"text": "Plasma dapivirine concentrations were low (<1 ng/ml) and remained well below those observed at the maximum tolerated dose for oral treatment (mean Cmax of 2286 ng/ml).CONCLUSION: The dapivirine vaginal ring has a safety and pharmacokinetic profile that supports its use as a sustained-release topical microbicide for HIV-1 prevention in women."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061040",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 445,
"offsetInEndSection": 741,
"text": "ASPIRE (A Study to Prevent Infection with a Ring for Extended Use) is a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial testing the safety and effectiveness of a vaginal ring containing the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor dapivirine for prevention of HIV-1 infection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19958831",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "Dual segment polyurethane intravaginal rings (IVRs) were fabricated to enable sustained release of antiretroviral agents dapivirine and tenofovir to prevent the male to female sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23177261",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 937,
"offsetInEndSection": 1095,
"text": "The study demonstrates proof of concept for a dapivirine-releasing diaphragm with daily release quantities potentially capable of preventing HIV transmission."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
|
[
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4243195",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4243195",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007239",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017053"
] | null |
5880b812c872c95565000006
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
When is the drug Ivermectin used?
|
['Ivermectin is used to treat parasitic diseases']
|
[
"Ivermectin",
"IVM",
"Stromectol",
"Mectizan",
"Avermectin B1",
"Avermectin",
"Ivermectin (Stromectol)"
] |
['Ivermectin (IVM) has been well known for its role in the treatment of parasitic diseases, due to its effect on glutamate-gated chloride channels. These same channels are also present in the mosquito vector, and thus, research has focused on the insecticidal effects of this drug.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31786697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31808594"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31758387",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 403,
"text": "The aim of this study was to compare the economic revenue related to the use of low- or high-efficacy anthelmintic drugs within suppressive or strategic schemes of treatment in growing heifers. Heifers raised in a semi-intensive grazing system in southern Brazil were used. Levamisole and ivermectin were selected as the high- and the low-efficacy drugs, respectively, based on a previous efficacy test."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31786697",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 153,
"offsetInEndSection": 433,
"text": "Ivermectin (IVM) has been well known for its role in the treatment of parasitic diseases, due to its effect on glutamate-gated chloride channels. These same channels are also present in the mosquito vector, and thus, research has focused on the insecticidal effects of this drug. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31808594",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 161,
"text": "Ivermectin is safe and widely used for treating helminth infections. It also kills arthropods feeding on treated subjects, including malaria vectors. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6049173d1cb411341a00016b
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which calcium/calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase is involved in the activation of the family of NFAT transcription factors (Nuclear Factors of Activated T cells)?
|
[['Calcineurin', 'CaN', 'phosphatase 2b']]
|
[
"Calcineurin",
"CaN",
"phosphatase 2B",
"calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase",
"protein phosphatase 2B",
"PP2B"
] |
['The activity of NFAT proteins is tightly regulated by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin (CaN).Dephosphorylation of NFAT by CaN is required for NFAT nuclear localization.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18005668",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17572487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14729474",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11592964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11559828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374467",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10593895",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16260608",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17099778",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16229015"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17572487",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 692,
"offsetInEndSection": 1027,
"text": "Transcription downstream of Ca(2+) influx is in large part funneled through the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), a heavily phosphorylated protein that is cytoplasmic in resting cells, but that enters the nucleus when dephosphorylated by the calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14729474",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 611,
"text": "Calcineurin signaling has been implicated in a broad spectrum of developmental processes in a variety of organ systems. Calcineurin is a calmodulin-dependent, calcium-activated protein phosphatase composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits. The serine/threonine-specific phosphatase functions within a signal transduction pathway that regulates gene expression and biological responses in many developmentally important cell types. Calcineurin signaling was first defined in T lymphocytes as a regulator of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor nuclear translocation and activation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11592964",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 380,
"text": "NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cell) proteins are expressed in most immune system cells and regulate the transcription of cytokine genes critical for the immune response. The activity of NFAT proteins is tightly regulated by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin (CaN). Dephosphorylation of NFAT by CaN is required for NFAT nuclear localization. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18005668",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 405,
"text": "Calcium activated gene transcription through Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells, (NFAT) proteins, is emerging as a ubiquitous mechanism for the control of important physiological processes. Of the five mammalian NFAT isoforms, transcriptional activities of NFATs 1-4 are stimulated by a calcium driven association between the ubiquitous phosphatase calcineurin and the calcium-sensing protein calmodulin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11559828",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 503,
"text": "Transcription factors of the NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) family are expressed in most immune system cells and in a range of other cell types. Signaling through NFAT is implicated in the regulation of transcription for the immune response and other processes, including differentiation and apoptosis. NFAT normally resides in the cytoplasm, and a key aspect of the NFAT activation pathway is the regulation of its nuclear import by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374467",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 294,
"text": "The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) group of transcription factors is retained in the cytoplasm of quiescent cells. NFAT activation is mediated in part by induced nuclear import. This process requires calcium-dependent dephosphorylation of NFAT caused by the phosphatase calcineurin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16260608",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 258,
"text": "The calcium-regulated protein phosphatase calcineurin (PP2B) functions as a regulator of gene expression in diverse tissues through the dephosphorylation and activation of a family of transcription factors known as nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10593895",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 264,
"text": "Calcineurin, a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase, plays a key role in T-cell activation by regulating the activity of NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells), a family of transcription factors required for the synthesis of several cytokine genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17099778",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 280,
"offsetInEndSection": 545,
"text": "The calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, which signals to nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors, serves as a transducer of calcium signals and is sufficient and necessary for pathologic cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16229015",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1317,
"offsetInEndSection": 1560,
"text": "Upon activation, Cn directly binds to, and dephosphorylates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors within the cytoplasm allowing them to translocate to the nucleus and participate in the regulation of gene expression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14729474",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 611,
"text": "Calcineurin signaling has been implicated in a broad spectrum of developmental processes in a variety of organ systems. Calcineurin is a calmodulin-dependent, calcium-activated protein phosphatase composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits. The serine/threonine-specific phosphatase functions within a signal transduction pathway that regulates gene expression and biological responses in many developmentally important cell types. Calcineurin signaling was first defined in T lymphocytes as a regulator of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor nuclear translocation and activation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9727000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 185,
"offsetInEndSection": 305,
"text": "The functions of NFAT proteins are directly controlled by the calcium- and calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17572487",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 692,
"offsetInEndSection": 1026,
"text": "Transcription downstream of Ca(2+) influx is in large part funneled through the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), a heavily phosphorylated protein that is cytoplasmic in resting cells, but that enters the nucleus when dephosphorylated by the calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11592964",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 176,
"offsetInEndSection": 302,
"text": "The activity of NFAT proteins is tightly regulated by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin (CaN)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11592964",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 176,
"offsetInEndSection": 302,
"text": "The activity of NFAT proteins is tightly regulated by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin (CaN)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9727000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 185,
"offsetInEndSection": 304,
"text": "The functions of NFAT proteins are directly controlled by the calcium- and calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9727000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 185,
"offsetInEndSection": 304,
"text": "The functions of NFAT proteins are directly controlled by the calcium- and calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CALM_ELEEL",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050778"
] |
[] |
54f9c40ddd3fc62544000001
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the method FASP used for?
|
[['proteomic sample preparation']]
|
[
"proteomic sample preparation",
"protein sample preparation",
"proteomics sample preparation",
"sample preparation for proteomics",
"preparation of proteomic samples",
"preparation of protein samples"
] |
['Filter Aided Sample Preparation (FASP), a type of proteomic reactor, in which samples dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are digested in an ultrafiltration unit.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24309553",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24289162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288579",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24051509",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24022122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23784971",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23603217",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23436586",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23214492",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23126408",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22324799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22092713",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22949036"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24309553",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 197,
"offsetInEndSection": 236,
"text": "FASP (filter-aided sample preparation) "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24289162",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 593,
"offsetInEndSection": 684,
"text": "mouse brain tissue lysate was prepared using filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) method "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288579",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 897,
"offsetInEndSection": 1047,
"text": " an increased number of confident protein identifications are attained with a filter-aided digestion approach as compared to an in-solution digestion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24051509",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 859,
"offsetInEndSection": 897,
"text": "filter-aided sample preparation (FASP)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24022122",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 387,
"offsetInEndSection": 507,
"text": "In the second step the isolated cells are lysed and processed using 'filter aided sample preparation' (FASP) technique. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23784971",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 875,
"offsetInEndSection": 914,
"text": "filter-aided sample preparation (FASP),"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23603217",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1087,
"offsetInEndSection": 1135,
"text": "filter assisted sample preparation (FASP) method"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23436586",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 237,
"offsetInEndSection": 278,
"text": "d filter-aided sample preparation (FASP)-"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23214492",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 86,
"offsetInEndSection": 125,
"text": " filter-aided sample preparation (FASP)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23126408",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 400,
"offsetInEndSection": 438,
"text": "filter-aided sample preparation (FASP)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22324799",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 318,
"offsetInEndSection": 486,
"text": "Filter Aided Sample Preparation (FASP), a type of proteomic reactor, in which samples dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are digested in an ultrafiltration unit."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22092713",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 305,
"offsetInEndSection": 354,
"text": " filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) protocol "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22949036",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 427,
"offsetInEndSection": 482,
"text": "by combining a filter-aided sample preparation method a"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
5509f433c2af5d5b70000008
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which topoisomerase is essential in yeast?
|
['topoisomerase II', 'topo II']
|
[
"topoisomerase II",
"topo II",
"DNA topoisomerase II",
"topoisomerase 2",
"topo II alpha",
"topo II beta"
] |
['Eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase II is an abundant nuclear enzyme that is essential for cell proliferation. Yeast DNA topoisomerase II is encoded by a single-copy, essential gene.', 'Yeast DNA topoisomerase II is encoded by a single-copy, essential gene. Disruption of one copy of the gene in a diploid yeast creates a recessive lethal mutation, indicating that the single DNA topoisomerase II gene of yeast has an essential function.', 'Yeast DNA topoisomerase II is encoded by a single-copy, essential gene.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16651657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7932731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2840207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1332607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18570880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6090122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2842762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6323017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12888496",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1316274"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6323017",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Yeast DNA topoisomerase II is encoded by a single-copy, essential gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6323017",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 687,
"offsetInEndSection": 866,
"text": "Disruption of one copy of the gene in a diploid yeast creates a recessive lethal mutation, indicating that the single DNA topoisomerase II gene of yeast has an essential function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6090122",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1001,
"offsetInEndSection": 1278,
"text": "The type II topoisomerase may have an essential role in the compaction and/or segregation of chromosomes during the nuclear division but also complement the defect of the type I enzyme whose major function is the maintenance of chromatin organization throughout the cell cycle."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2842762",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 242,
"text": "Since DNA topoisomerase II (EC 5.99.1.3) is an essential enzyme in yeast, heterologous topoisomerase II gene expression in yeast cells can provide a system for analyzing the structure and function of topoisomerase II genes from other species."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7932731",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "Eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase II is an abundant nuclear enzyme that is essential for cell proliferation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12888496",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 306,
"text": "Topoisomerase II is a ubiquitous enzyme that removes knots and tangles from the genetic material by generating transient double-strand DNA breaks. While the enzyme cannot perform its essential cellular functions without cleaving DNA, this scission activity is inherently dangerous to chromosomal integrity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16651657",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 172,
"text": "Topoisomerase II (Topo II) performs topological modifications on double-stranded DNA molecules that are essential for chromosome condensation, resolution, and segregation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18570880",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Type II topoisomerases are essential for resolving topologically entwined double-stranded DNA. A"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767457",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 244,
"text": "DNA topoisomerases are specialized nuclear enzymes that perform topological modifications on double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and hence are essential for DNA metabolism such as replication, transcription, recombination, condensation and segregation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935120",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 140,
"text": "Eukaryotic topoisomerase II (topo II) is the essential decatenase of newly replicated chromosomes and the main relaxase of nucleosomal DNA. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1316274",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 0,
"text": "The decatenation activity of DNA topoisomerase II is essential for viability as eukaryotic cells traverse mitosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2840207",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 153,
"text": "Studies with yeast DNA topoisomerase mutants indicate that neither topoisomerase I nor II appears to be essential for transcription by RNA polymerase II."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1332607",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "The gene encoding topoisomerase II in yeast is unique and essential, required for both mitotic and meiotic proliferation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1316274",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "The decatenation activity of DNA topoisomerase II is essential for viability as eukaryotic cells traverse mitosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6323017",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "Yeast DNA topoisomerase II is encoded by a single-copy, essential gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6323017",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 687,
"offsetInEndSection": 867,
"text": "Disruption of one copy of the gene in a diploid yeast creates a recessive lethal mutation, indicating that the single DNA topoisomerase II gene of yeast has an essential function.."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5a4e50b242878bf97d000001
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Are the human bombesin receptors, GRPR and NMBR, frequently overexpressed G-protein-coupled-receptors by lung-cancers?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['The human bombesin receptors, GRPR and NMBR, are two of the most frequently overexpressed G-protein-coupled-receptors by lung-cancers', 'All 3 bombesin receptor subtypes (GRPR, NMBR, and BRS-3) were present on pulmonary and intestinal carcinoids by immunohistochemistry. ']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554218",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18975117",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20438784",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10545285",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21060250",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22828605"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18975117",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 189,
"text": "Members of the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) family and its analogs bombesin (BBN) have been implicated in the biology of several human cancers including prostate, breast, colon and lung."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21060250",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 842,
"offsetInEndSection": 974,
"text": "All 3 bombesin receptor subtypes (GRPR, NMBR, and BRS-3) were present on pulmonary and intestinal carcinoids by immunohistochemistry"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22828605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "There is increased interest in the Bn-receptor family because they are frequently over/ectopically expressed by tumors and thus useful as targets for imaging or receptor-targeted-cytotoxicity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25554218",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "ML-18 is a non-peptide bombesin receptor subtype-3 antagonist which inhibits lung cancer growth."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10545285",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 208,
"text": "Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a member of the bombesin family of peptides, has been shown to have mitogenic activity in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), and to be produced by SCLC in an autocrine fashion."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
|
[
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D018004",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D008175"
] | null |
5a8dc57ffcd1d6a10c000025
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
Which peptide plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization?
|
[['LQVVR']]
|
[
"LQVVR"
] |
["Human cystatin C (HCC) is a low molecular weight member of the cystatin family (type2). HCC consists of 120 amino acids. Normally it is an inhibitor of cysteine proteases, but in pathological conditions it forms amyloid fibrils in brain arteries of young adults. An 'aggregation-prone' pentapeptide ((47)LQVVR(51)) was located within the HCC sequence using AmylPred, an 'aggregation-prone' peptide prediction algorithm. This peptide was synthesized and self-assembled into amyloid-like fibrils in vitro, as electron microscopy, X-ray fiber diffraction, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy and Congo red staining studies reveal. Thus, the (47)LQVVR(51) peptide seems to have an important role in HCC fibrillization.", "Human cystatin C (HCC) is a low molecular weight member of the cystatin family (type2). HCC consists of 120 amino acids. Normally it is an inhibitor of cysteine proteases, but in pathological conditions it forms amyloid fibrils in brain arteries of young adults. An 'aggregation-prone' pentapeptide ((47)LQVVR(51)) was located within the HCC sequence using AmylPred, an 'aggregation-prone' peptide prediction algorithm developed in our lab. This peptide was synthesized and self-assembled into amyloid-like fibrils in vitro, as electron microscopy, X-ray fiber diffraction, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy and Congo red staining studies reveal. Thus, the (47)LQVVR(51) peptide seems to have an important role in HCC fibrillization.", "Human cystatin C (HCC) is a low molecular weight member of the cystatin family (type2). HCC consists of 120 amino acids. Normally it is an inhibitor of cysteine proteases, but in pathological conditions it forms amyloid fibrils in brain arteries of young adults. An 'aggregation-prone' pentapeptide ((47)LQVVR(51)) was located within the HCC sequence using AmylPred, an 'aggregation-prone' peptide prediction algorithm developed in our lab. This peptide was synthesized and self-assembled into amyloid-like fibrils in vitro, as electron microscopy, X-ray fiber diffraction, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy and Congo red staining studies reveal. Thus, the (47)LQVVR(51) peptide seems to have an important role in HCC fibrillization.", "Human cystatin C (HCC) is a low molecular weight member of the cystatin family (type2). HCC consists of 120 amino acids. Normally it is an inhibitor of cysteine proteases, but in pathological conditions it forms amyloid fibrils in brain arteries of young adults. An 'aggregation-prone' pentapeptide ((47)LQVVR(51)) was located within the HCC sequence using AmylPred, an 'aggregation-prone' peptide prediction algorithm developed in our lab. This peptide was synthesized and self-assembled into amyloid-like fibrils in vitro, as electron microscopy, X-ray fiber diffraction, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy and Congo red staining studies reveal. Thus, the (47)LQVVR(51) peptide seems to have an important role in HCC fibrillization."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 759,
"text": "Human cystatin C (HCC) is a low molecular weight member of the cystatin family (type2). HCC consists of 120 amino acids. Normally it is an inhibitor of cysteine proteases, but in pathological conditions it forms amyloid fibrils in brain arteries of young adults. An 'aggregation-prone' pentapeptide ((47)LQVVR(51)) was located within the HCC sequence using AmylPred, an 'aggregation-prone' peptide prediction algorithm developed in our lab. This peptide was synthesized and self-assembled into amyloid-like fibrils in vitro, as electron microscopy, X-ray fiber diffraction, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy and Congo red staining studies reveal. Thus, the (47)LQVVR(51) peptide seems to have an important role in HCC fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 700,
"offsetInEndSection": 780,
"text": "the (47)LQVVR(51) peptide seems to have an important role in HCC fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 694,
"offsetInEndSection": 780,
"text": "Thus, the (47)LQVVR(51) peptide seems to have an important role in HCC fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 694,
"offsetInEndSection": 780,
"text": "Thus, the (47)LQVVR(51) peptide seems to have an important role in HCC fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 694,
"offsetInEndSection": 780,
"text": "Thus, the (47)LQVVR(51) peptide seems to have an important role in HCC fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "The pentapeptide LQVVR plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 694,
"offsetInEndSection": 780,
"text": "Thus, the (47)LQVVR(51) peptide seems to have an important role in HCC fibrillization."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4262069",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D055316",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4262068",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015891",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYT_COTJA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYT_CHICK",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYT_CYPCA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYT_NAJKA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYT_MICIK"
] |
[] |
56b1f4300a360a5e4500001b
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which is the protein implicated in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3?
|
[['Ataxin-3']]
|
[
"Ataxin-3",
"ATXN3",
"Machado-Joseph disease protein",
"Ataxin-3 protein",
"Ataxin-3A",
"Ataxin-3B"
] |
['Ataxin-3 is a ubiquitously expressed deubiqutinating enzyme with important functions in the proteasomal protein degradation pathway and regulation of transcription. The C-terminus of the ataxin-3 protein contains a polyglutamine (PolyQ) region that, when mutationally expanded to over 52 glutamines, causes the neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3).', 'Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most frequent inherited cerebellar ataxia in Europe, the US and Japan, leading to disability and death through motor complications. Although the affected protein ataxin-3 is found ubiquitously in the brain, grey matter atrophy is predominant in the cerebellum and the brainstem', 'Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most frequent inherited cerebellar ataxia in Europe, the US and Japan, leading to disability and death through motor complications. Although the affected protein ataxin-3 is found ubiquitously in the brain, grey matter atrophy is predominant in the cerebellum and the brainstem', 'Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most frequent inherited cerebellar ataxia in Europe, the US and Japan, leading to disability and death through motor complications. Although the affected protein ataxin-3 is found ubiquitously in the brain, grey matter atrophy is predominant in the cerebellum and the brainstem', 'Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most frequent inherited cerebellar ataxia in Europe, the US and Japan, leading to disability and death through motor complications. Although the affected protein ataxin-3 is found ubiquitously in the brain, grey matter atrophy is predominant in the cerebellum and the brainstem', 'Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most frequent inherited cerebellar ataxia in Europe, the US and Japan, leading to disability and death through motor complications. Although the affected protein ataxin-3 is found ubiquitously in the brain, grey matter atrophy is predominant in the cerebellum and the brainstem']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24272589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23617879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24293103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007218",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653538",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23659897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943656",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20865150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24685680",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9292723",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21827905",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16389311"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24272589",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 321,
"text": "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most frequent inherited cerebellar ataxia in Europe, the US and Japan, leading to disability and death through motor complications. Although the affected protein ataxin-3 is found ubiquitously in the brain, grey matter atrophy is predominant in the cerebellum and the brainstem"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23617879",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 6,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an inherited spinocerebellar ataxia caused by the expansion of trinucleotide CAG repeats in the gene encoding ataxin-3"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24293103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 368,
"text": "Ataxin-3 is a ubiquitously expressed deubiqutinating enzyme with important functions in the proteasomal protein degradation pathway and regulation of transcription. The C-terminus of the ataxin-3 protein contains a polyglutamine (PolyQ) region that, when mutationally expanded to over 52 glutamines, causes the neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007218",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of the polyglutamine repeat region within the ataxin-3 protein."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23659897",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the ataxin-3 protein, resulting in gain of toxic function of the mutant protein."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007218",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of the polyglutamine repeat region within the ataxin-3 protein."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943656",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 153,
"offsetInEndSection": 411,
"text": "Here, we provide insight into the mechanism by which ubiquitination directly enhances the activity of ataxin-3, a DUb implicated in protein quality control and the disease protein in the polyglutamine neurodegenerative disorder, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20865150",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "Ataxin-3, the disease protein in the neurodegenerative disorder Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 or Machado Joseph disease, is a cysteine protease implicated in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24685680",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 203,
"text": "Ataxin-3 (AT3) is the protein that triggers the inherited neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 when its polyglutamine (polyQ) stretch close to the C-terminus exceeds a critical length"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9292723",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 139,
"offsetInEndSection": 383,
"text": "Here, in studies of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), we show that the disease protein ataxin-3 accumulates in ubiquitinated intranuclear inclusions selectively in neurons of affected brain regions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21827905",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 584,
"offsetInEndSection": 724,
"text": "This pathogenic repeat in MJD/SCA3 encodes an expanded tract of the amino acid glutamine in the disease protein, which is known as ataxin-3."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9292723",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 139,
"offsetInEndSection": 383,
"text": "Here, in studies of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), we show that the disease protein ataxin-3 accumulates in ubiquitinated intranuclear inclusions selectively in neurons of affected brain regions."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16389311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), also called spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, is caused by mutant ataxin-3 with a polyglutamine expansion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653538",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": " Mutant ataxin-3 is aberrantly folded and proteolytically cleaved in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. The C-terminal region of the protein includes a polyglutamine stretch that is expanded in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007218",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of the polyglutamine repeat region within the ataxin-3 protein."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007218",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of the polyglutamine repeat region within the ataxin-3 protein."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007218",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of the polyglutamine repeat region within the ataxin-3 protein."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
57138eb21174fb175500000a
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which is the defective protein causing the lysosomal storage disease Fabry?
|
['alpha-galactosidase A']
|
[
"alpha-galactosidase A",
"α-galactosidase A",
"GLA",
"alpha-galactosidase",
"alpha-galactosidase A enzyme"
] |
['Anderson-Fabry disease (referred to as Fabry disease) is an X-linked disorder characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A and the subsequent accumulation in various tissues of globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3)), the main substrate of the defective enzyme.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19202000",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19146893",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15702403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15533650",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9323559"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19202000",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 339,
"text": "The lysosomal storage disorder Fabry disease is characterized by excessive globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulation in major organs such as the heart and kidney. Defective lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A (Gla) is responsible for excessive Gb3 accumulation, and one cell sensitive to the effects of Gb3 accumulation is vascular endothelium."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15702403",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 282,
"text": "Anderson-Fabry disease (referred to as Fabry disease) is an X-linked disorder characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A and the subsequent accumulation in various tissues of globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3)), the main substrate of the defective enzyme."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9323559",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "Human alpha-galactosidase A (EC 3.2.1.22; alpha-Gal A) is the lysosomal exoglycosidase responsible for the hydrolysis of terminal alpha-galactosyl residues from glycoconjugates and is the defective enzyme causing Fabry disease (McKusick 301500)."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395081",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 174,
"text": "Transgenic mice expressing a human mutant alpha-galactosidase with an R301Q substitution, which was found in a patient with a variant form of Fabry disease, were established."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14499",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000795",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008247",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0005764",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3211",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016464"
] | null |
51405cd123fec90375000005
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What alternate indication has Vanoxerine been repositioned for?
|
['atrial fibrillation and flutter']
|
[
"atrial fibrillation",
"AF",
"atrial flutter",
"AFib",
"atrial fibrillation and flutter"
] |
["Vanoxerine's effects were strongly frequency-dependent and we repositioned it for treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter. Vanoxerine has been in clinical trials for Parkinsonism, depression and cocaine addiction but lacked efficacy.", "Vanoxerine has been in clinical trials for Parkinsonism, depression and cocaine addiction but lacked efficacy. Vanoxerine's effects were strongly frequency-dependent and we repositioned it for treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter. ", 'Vanoxerine has been in clinical trials for Parkinsonism, depression and cocaine addiction and can potential treat atrial fibrillation', "Vanoxerine has been in clinical trials for Parkinsonism, depression and cocaine addiction but lacked efficacy. Vanoxerine's effects were strongly frequency-dependent and we repositioned it for treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter.", "vanoxerine's effects were strongly frequency-dependent and we repositioned it for treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter.", "Vanoxerine 's effects were strongly frequency-dependent and we repositioned it for treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter.", "vanoxerine's were strongly frequency-dependent and repositioned it for treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter. . has been in clinical trials for parkinsonism , depression and cocaine addiction but lacked efficacy. . "]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21615815",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27108936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19817928",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19817929",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26616666"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26616666",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 272,
"offsetInEndSection": 399,
"text": "Vanoxerine's effects were strongly frequency-dependent and we repositioned it for treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19817928",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 55,
"text": "Vanoxerine: cellular mechanism of a new antiarrhythmic."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19817929",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 231,
"offsetInEndSection": 294,
"text": "Therefore, we proposed that vanoxerine might be antiarrhythmic."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21615815",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 68,
"text": "Vanoxerine is a promising, new, investigational antiarrhythmic drug."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21615815",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Oral vanoxerine prevents reinduction of atrial tachyarrhythmias: preliminary results."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26616666",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 269,
"offsetInEndSection": 396,
"text": "Vanoxerine's effects were strongly frequency-dependent and we repositioned it for treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19817929",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 245,
"offsetInEndSection": 308,
"text": "Therefore, we proposed that vanoxerine might be antiarrhythmic."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19817928",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1592,
"offsetInEndSection": 1674,
"text": "Vanoxerine has characteristics of a potentially effective and safe antiarrhythmic."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21615815",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 80,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Vanoxerine is a promising, new, investigational antiarrhythmic drug."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21615815",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "Oral vanoxerine prevents reinduction of atrial tachyarrhythmias: preliminary results."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19817929",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "Vanoxerine, a new drug for terminating atrial fibrillation and flutter."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27108936",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Vanoxerine is an oral, 1,4-dialkylpiperazine derivative antiarrhythmic drug being evaluated for pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684233",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1420,
"offsetInEndSection": 1535,
"text": "Oral vanoxerine converted AF/AFL to SR at a high rate, was well tolerated, and caused no ventricular proarrhythmia."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
|
[
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056687",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4001200",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4001200",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4258722",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4151584",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4258722",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4151584",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001145"
] |
[
{
"o": "vanoxerine",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0164200"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17685361",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0164200"
},
{
"o": "VANOXERINE",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17685361"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0294723",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0164200"
},
{
"o": "vanoxerine",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0294723"
},
{
"o": "repositioning",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0556030"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A15558315",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0556030"
},
{
"o": "Repositioned",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A15558315"
}
] |
58c9a8fe02b8c6095300002a
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What can Nothobranchius furzeri be used as a model system for?
|
['aging research']
|
[
"aging research",
"age-related research",
"gerontology research",
"research on aging",
"senescence research",
"aging studies",
"research into aging",
"studies on aging"
] |
N. furzeri an interesting model system to investigate the effects of experimental manipulations on longevity and age-related pathologies.
N. furzeri could represent a model system for studying the genetic control of life-history traits in natural populations.
N. furzeri could be a very useful model for comparative genomics of aging.
It can be employed to test the effects of experimental manipulation on aging and apharmacological research.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19052641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17049789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16687936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16164422"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302373",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 270,
"text": "The short-lived annual fish Nothobranchius furzeri shows extremely short captive life span and accelerated expression of age markers, making it an interesting model system to investigate the effects of experimental manipulations on longevity and age-related pathologies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19052641",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1339,
"offsetInEndSection": 1527,
"text": "Owing to large differences in aging phenotypes in different lines, N. furzeri could represent a model system for studying the genetic control of life-history traits in natural populations."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17049789",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1201,
"offsetInEndSection": 1362,
"text": "It is very close to the Japanese Medaka, and close to the pufferfishes and stickleback and might represent a very useful model for comparative genomics of aging."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17049789",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 991,
"offsetInEndSection": 1111,
"text": "In the last three years, N. furzeri has moved from biological curiosity to a promising model system for drug validation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16687936",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 645,
"offsetInEndSection": 1244,
"text": " This result identifies resveratrol as the first molecule which consistently retards aging in organisms as diverse as yeast, worm, fly and fish, but it also reveals the potential of this short-lived fish as an animal model for pharmacological research. Moreover, being related to stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) the \"pufferfishes\" Takifugu and Tetraodon, and even more closely related to medaka (Oryzias latipes), it can greatly beneficiate from the recent development of genomic resources for these fish models and in the future become a complete model system for the aging research community."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16164422",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1340,
"offsetInEndSection": 1610,
"text": "These fishes can become excellent models for aging studies. They can be employed to test the effects of experimental manipulation on aging at a pace comparable with that of Drosophila and to probe the effects of natural selection on the evolution of aging-related genes."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023421"
] |
[
{
"o": "105023",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A2174134"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A2174134",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1048677"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A2174134",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1048677"
},
{
"o": "Nothobranchius furzeri",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A2174134"
},
{
"o": "NCBI Taxonomy",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A2174134"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A2174134",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1048677"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A2174134",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1048677"
},
{
"o": "Nothobranchius furzeri",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A2174134"
}
] |
52bf217003868f1b0600001b
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Covid-19 is though to have arisen from what species?
|
['bats']
|
[
"bats",
"Chiroptera",
"flying mammals",
"microbats",
"megabats",
"fruit bats",
"vampire bats",
"insectivorous bats"
] |
['COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 most likely originated in bats and transmitted to humans through a possible intermediate host.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32369435",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34695342",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32760632",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34329631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33457109"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32760632",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 266,
"offsetInEndSection": 391,
"text": "COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 most likely originated in bats and transmitted to humans through a possible intermediate host. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33457109",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 322,
"offsetInEndSection": 569,
"text": "cent Findings: Based on high similarities in the genome sequences, the virus is thought to have arisen from SARS-like CoVs in bats but the lack of an intermediate species containing a CoV with even greater similarity has so far eluded discovery. T"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34329631",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 764,
"offsetInEndSection": 1069,
"text": "es of the conclusions of the different documents here assessed show that even considering the zoonotic hypothesis as the most likely, with bats and pangolins being possibly in the origin of the coronavirus, today's date the intermediate source species of SARS-CoV-2 has not been confirmed yet. On the othe"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34695342",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 214,
"offsetInEndSection": 357,
"text": "Transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the population is high, and the origin of this coronavirus appears to be related to some species of the bat."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32369435",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 585,
"offsetInEndSection": 745,
"text": "o other betacoronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 appears to have crossed the species barrier, most likely from bats, clearly reinforcing the One Health concept. Veterinary"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
601efe051cb411341a00006a
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Is ASF1 phopshorylated by the Tousled-like kinases?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes,\nAsf1, a key histone H3-H4 chaperone required for this process, is phosphorylated by Tousled-like kinases (TLKs).']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23946870",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24598821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23869254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20222959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755577"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24598821",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 118,
"offsetInEndSection": 231,
"text": "Asf1, a key histone H3-H4 chaperone required for this process, is phosphorylated by Tousled-like kinases (TLKs). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32755577",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "The Tousled-like kinases 1 and 2 (TLK1/2) control histone deposition through the ASF1 histone chaperone"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23946870",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 208,
"text": "The Tousled-like kinases (TLKs) are involved in chromatin assembly, DNA repair, and transcription. Two TLK genes exist in humans, and their expression is often dysregulated in cancer. TLKs phosphorylate Asf1 "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23869254",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 151,
"offsetInEndSection": 264,
"text": "TLKs interact specifically (and phosphorylate) with the chromatin assembly factor Asf1, a histone H3-H4 chaperone"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20222959",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 183,
"offsetInEndSection": 269,
"text": "TLK1 substrates were identified as the histone H3 and Asf1 (a histone H3/H4 chaperone)"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
622d0aa63a8413c6530000a0
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What is the risk of developing acute myelogenous leukemia in Fanconi anemia?
|
[['At least 15%, based on the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR)']]
|
[
"International Fanconi Anemia Registry",
"IFAR",
"Fanconi Anemia Registry"
] |
['A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia.', 'A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia ', 'A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia ', 'A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia ', 'A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia ', 'A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia ']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207444",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1548931",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8068955"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1440,
"offsetInEndSection": 1519,
"text": "Sixteen of the 59 FA-C patients (27%) have developed acute myelogenous leukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8068955",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 827,
"offsetInEndSection": 895,
"text": "Actuarial risk of MDS or AML was 52% (37% to 67%) by 40 years of age"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1548931",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1440,
"offsetInEndSection": 1519,
"text": "Sixteen of the 59 FA-C patients (27%) have developed acute myelogenous leukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8068955",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 827,
"offsetInEndSection": 895,
"text": "Actuarial risk of MDS or AML was 52% (37% to 67%) by 40 years of age"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1548931",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1440,
"offsetInEndSection": 1519,
"text": "Sixteen of the 59 FA-C patients (27%) have developed acute myelogenous leukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1440,
"offsetInEndSection": 1519,
"text": "Sixteen of the 59 FA-C patients (27%) have developed acute myelogenous leukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1548931",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1440,
"offsetInEndSection": 1519,
"text": "Sixteen of the 59 FA-C patients (27%) have developed acute myelogenous leukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1548931",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1440,
"offsetInEndSection": 1519,
"text": "Sixteen of the 59 FA-C patients (27%) have developed acute myelogenous leukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1548931",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9207444",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1440,
"offsetInEndSection": 1519,
"text": "Sixteen of the 59 FA-C patients (27%) have developed acute myelogenous leukemia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1548931",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 197,
"text": "A review of all of the cases of Fanconi anemia (FA) reported to the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) indicates that at least 15% manifest acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or preleukemia"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015470",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005199",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007951",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:8692",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13636",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051856"
] |
[] |
54ede76294afd61504000008
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Borden classification is used for which disease?
|
['cranial dural arteriovenous fistula', 'DAVF']
|
[
"cranial dural arteriovenous fistula",
"DAVF",
"dural arteriovenous fistula",
"cranial AV fistula",
"dural AV fistula",
"cerebral dural arteriovenous fistula",
"cerebral DAVF"
] |
['Borden classification systems is used for the prediction of clinical behavior of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22107858",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20678361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20678360",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22374275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20849795",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23570149",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479123",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23811958",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966056",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26120845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23582488",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516093",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25746311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25354667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15842944",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26246101",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8893721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176602",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16286391",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19408992"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25746311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 277,
"offsetInEndSection": 545,
"text": "The locations of DAVFs were the transverse-sigmoid sinus in 11, tentorium in 10, cranial vault in 9, and superior sagittal sinus, jugular bulb, foramen magnum, and middle cranial fossa in 1 each. Borden classification was type I in 7, type II in 3, and type III in 24."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25746311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1001,
"offsetInEndSection": 1236,
"text": "Transarterial glue embolization is highly effective for Borden type III DAVF with direct cortical venous drainage, but has limitations for Borden type I and II DAVFs in which the affected sinus is part of the normal venous circulation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25354667",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 949,
"offsetInEndSection": 1082,
"text": "The results of subtype (Borden and Cognard classification), venous reflux and fistula sites were also accurately exhibited in 4D-CTA."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516093",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 305,
"text": "The commonly used Borden and Cognard classification systems for the prediction of clinical behavior of cranial dural arteriovenous shunts focus on the venous drainage, particularly the presence of leptomeningeal venous drainage, and on the direction of flow, particularly the presence of retrograde flow. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479123",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 413,
"offsetInEndSection": 527,
"text": "The CS DAVFs and the NCS DAVFs were categorized using the Barrow and Borden classification systems, respectively. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22107858",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 194,
"offsetInEndSection": 388,
"text": "The two most commonly used and clinically accepted DAVF classifications are the Merland-Cognard classification and the Borden classification, both based on the morphology of the venous drainage."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8893721",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1153,
"offsetInEndSection": 1371,
"text": "When analyzed according to the Borden classification, none (0%) of 55 Type I intracranial dural AVFs, two (11%) of 18 Type II, and 14 (48%) of 29 Type III intracranial dural AVFs presented with hemorrhage (p < 0.0001)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8893721",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2651,
"offsetInEndSection": 2855,
"text": "The configuration of venous anatomy as reflected by both the Cognard and Borden classifications strongly predicts intracranial dural AVFs that will present with ICH or nonhemorrhagic neurological deficit."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22107858",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 195,
"offsetInEndSection": 388,
"text": "The two most commonly used and clinically accepted DAVF classifications are the Merland-Cognard classification and the Borden classification, both based on the morphology of the venous drainage"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516093",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 303,
"text": "The commonly used Borden and Cognard classification systems for the prediction of clinical behavior of cranial dural arteriovenous shunts focus on the venous drainage, particularly the presence of leptomeningeal venous drainage, and on the direction of flow, particularly the presence of retrograde flow"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8893721",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1163,
"offsetInEndSection": 1383,
"text": "When analyzed according to the Borden classification, none (0%) of 55 Type I intracranial dural AVFs, two (11%) of 18 Type II, and 14 (48%) of 29 Type III intracranial dural AVFs presented with hemorrhage (p < 0.0001)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22374275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 476,
"offsetInEndSection": 587,
"text": "Borden classification showed Type III in 1 and Type II in 10 ncsDAVFs, and Type II in 4 and Type I in 6 csDAVFs"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20678360",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 225,
"text": "The recently proposed classification scheme of Borden, Wu, and Shucart (Borden(*)) should have the ability to identify those intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (ICDAVF) which will continue to behave in a benign fashion"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22107858",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 195,
"offsetInEndSection": 389,
"text": "The two most commonly used and clinically accepted DAVF classifications are the Merland-Cognard classification and the Borden classification, both based on the morphology of the venous drainage."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479123",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 397,
"offsetInEndSection": 510,
"text": "The CS DAVFs and the NCS DAVFs were categorized using the Barrow and Borden classification systems, respectively."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26120845",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1432,
"offsetInEndSection": 1623,
"text": "A multivariate logistic regression model showed that intracranial hemorrhage in patients with DAVFs was correlated with higher Borden classification (OR 5.880; 95% CI, 3.370-10.257; p<0.001)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8893721",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2668,
"offsetInEndSection": 2873,
"text": "The configuration of venous anatomy as reflected by both the Cognard and Borden classifications strongly predicts intracranial dural AVFs that will present with ICH or nonhemorrhagic neurological deficit.."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22374275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 477,
"offsetInEndSection": 589,
"text": "Borden classification showed Type III in 1 and Type II in 10 ncsDAVFs, and Type II in 4 and Type I in 6 csDAVFs."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
|
[
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002965",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category"
] | null |
5890fde5621ea6ff7e000009
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Has MDMA(ecstasy) been successfully used to treat PTSD disorder?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been used effectively to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with Phase III clinical trial evidence.', 'MDMA (ecstasy) has been used in conjunction with psychotherapy to treat PTSD disorder and preliminary studies suggest that MDMA-assisted psychotherapy can be a safe and effective treatment approach for PTSD.', 'Yes, MDMA has been successfully used as an adjunct to psychotherapy for treating PTSD, showing promising results in clinical trials over the last two decades.', 'Yes MDMA, a compound belonging to the family of entactogens, has been demonstrated to be useful to treat post-traumatic stress disorders.', 'Yes, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy is effective for posttraumatic stress disorder.', '”Three patients with severe, treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were successfully treated with a single high-dose (300-mg) of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also known as ecstasy, in a controlled clinical trial"}', 'Yes, clinical trials have shown promising safety and efficacy for the use of MDMA (ecstasy) in conjunction with psychotherapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the mechanisms underlying this treatment form remain largely unestablished.', 'Yes, MDMA-assisted therapy has shown high efficacy in treating PTSD.', 'Yes, MDMA has been used successfully in conjunction with psychotherapy to treat PTSD. Clinical trials have shown promising results, although the exact mechanisms underlying this treatment are still being studied.', 'Yes, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as an adjunct to psychotherapy for the treatment of PTSD has been studied increasingly for the last two decades and has shown promising results through quantitative data.', 'Yes, MDMA-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) has been successfully used to treat PTSD disorder.', 'Yes, MDMA has been successfully used to treat PTSD disorder.', 'No, MDMA (ecstasy) has not been successfully used to treat PTSD disorder.', 'Yes, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has shown promising safety and efficacy in the treatment of PTSD.', 'Yes, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has shown promise in treating PTSD', 'Yes, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has shown promise in addressing PTSD disorder among female subgroups.', 'Yes, MDMA (ecstasy) has been successfully used to treat PTSD disorder. Clinical trials have shown promising safety and efficacy, but the mechanisms underlying this treatment form remain largely unestablished.', 'Yes, MDMA has been successfully used in treating PTSD.', 'Yes, MDMA has been successfully used to treat PTSD disorder in conjunction with psychotherapy. Clinical trials have shown promising safety and efficacy, but the mechanisms underlying this treatment form remain largely unestablished.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34150406",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36815187",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35272210",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36184377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30949077",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26579955",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29524515",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37484678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37709999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35230652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004320",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28635375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30632995",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24648791",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36713926",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36189781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26371762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30529341",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34465250",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33972795",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37611653",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37987270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35700643",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34855694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12691208",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28741031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36311515",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35915689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37404971"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37611653",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 336,
"text": "The application of MDMA in conjunction with psychotherapy has in recent years seen a resurgence of clinical, scientific, and public interest in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Clinical trials have shown promising safety and efficacy, but the mechanisms underlying this treatment form remain largely unestablished."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37611653",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: Growing evidence for memory effects mediating treatment efficacy"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37484678",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 381,
"text": "Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition that significantly impacts daily functioning in patients but lacks adequate treatment options. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as an adjunct to psychotherapy for the treatment of PTSD has been studied increasingly for the last two decades and has shown promising results through quantitative data."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36184377",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 301,
"text": "Psychedelics and related compounds have shown efficacy for the treatment of a variety of conditions that are prevalent among older adults, including mood disorders, the psychological distress associated with a serious medical illness, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and prolonged grief disorde"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004320",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 944,
"offsetInEndSection": 1112,
"text": "MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has emerged as an innovative approach to treating PTSD, leading to sustained reductions in symptoms and even promoting post-traumatic growth"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37987270",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 751,
"offsetInEndSection": 907,
"text": "MDMA can reduce PTSD symptoms even in treatment-resistant cases by increasing certain neurohormones, i.e., dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and oxytocin"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29524515",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 159,
"offsetInEndSection": 375,
"text": "MDMA used as an adjunct during psychotherapy sessions has demonstrated effectiveness and acceptable safety in reducing PTSD symptoms in Phase 2 trials, with durable remission of PTSD diagnosis in 68% of participants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26371762",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1437,
"offsetInEndSection": 1680,
"text": "These findings suggest that MDMA enhances fear memory extinction through a BDNF-dependent mechanism, and that MDMA may be a useful adjunct to exposure-based therapies for PTSD and other anxiety disorders characterized by altered fear learning."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29524515",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 158,
"text": "MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD has recently progressed to Phase 3 clinical trials and received Breakthrough Therapy designation by the FDA."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29524515",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1194,
"offsetInEndSection": 1464,
"text": "Based on the pharmacology of MDMA and the available translational literature of memory reconsolidation, fear learning, and PTSD, this review suggests a neurobiological rationale to explain, at least in part, the large effect sizes demonstrated for MDMA in treating PTSD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34465250",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "3,4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy has been recently found to be highly effective for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36713926",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1258,
"offsetInEndSection": 1721,
"text": "Finally, the amount of recovery from PTSD after MDMA-AT correlated with changes in four functional connections during autobiographical memory recall: the left amygdala-left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), left amygdala-right PCC, left amygdala-left insula, and left isthmus cingulate-left posterior hippocampus.Discussion: Amygdala-insular functional connectivity is reliably implicated in PTSD and anxiety, and both regions are impacted by MDMA administration."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29524515",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD: Are memory reconsolidation and fear extinction underlying mechanisms?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35915689",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 261,
"offsetInEndSection": 495,
"text": ". A series of six phase-II clinical trials studying MDMA-AT for treatment-resistant PTSD found that 54% of MDMA-AT full-dose participants no longer met the diagnosis of PTSD after two MDMA sessions, compared to 23% in the control grou"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37987270",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 751,
"offsetInEndSection": 908,
"text": "MDMA can reduce PTSD symptoms even in treatment-resistant cases by increasing certain neurohormones, i.e., dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and oxytocin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35230652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intensive psychotherapy assisted with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA-AT) was shown in Phase 3 clinical trials to substantially reduce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms compared to p"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33972795",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 142,
"offsetInEndSection": 552,
"text": "We report the findings of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-site phase 3 clinical trial (NCT03537014) to test the efficacy and safety of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy for the treatment of patients with severe PTSD, including those with common comorbidities such as dissociation, depression, a history of alcohol and substance use disorders, and childhood trauma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30949077",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 613,
"offsetInEndSection": 755,
"text": "MDMA therapy for PTSD is now entering the final Phase 3 stage of drug development, with a target set for licensing by the FDA and EMA in 2021."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36311515",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "A proposed mechanism for the MDMA-mediated extinction of traumatic memories in PTSD patients treated with MDMA-assisted therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36189781",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 192,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA/\"ecstasy\") is an empathogen that can give rise to increased pleasure and empathy and may effectively treat post-traumatic stress disorder."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30949077",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 187,
"offsetInEndSection": 324,
"text": "Most clinical MDMA research in patients to date has focused on MDMA-assisted psychotherapy to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36815187",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 193,
"offsetInEndSection": 403,
"text": "der (PTSD). A recent Phase 3 clinical trial reported high efficacy of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy for treating patients with severe PTSD compared to a therapy with placebo group (N"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30632995",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1255,
"offsetInEndSection": 1428,
"text": "3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, which activates 5-HT2A receptors, has been successful in the treatment of PTSD and has recently achieved status as a breakthrough therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12691208",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 374,
"text": "The FDA and the Spanish Ministry of Health have concluded that the risk/benefit ratio is favorable under certain circumstances for clinical studies investigating MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. Both agencies have approved pilot studies in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients who have failed to obtain relief from at least one course of conventional treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35272210",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 175,
"offsetInEndSection": 290,
"text": "nical trials, MDMA-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) has shown marked success in the treatment of PTSD and may be promisin"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37404971",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 142,
"offsetInEndSection": 552,
"text": "We report the findings of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-site phase 3 clinical trial (NCT03537014) to test the efficacy and safety of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy for the treatment of patients with severe PTSD, including those with common comorbidities such as dissociation, depression, a history of alcohol and substance use disorders, and childhood trauma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28741031",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "RATIONALE: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) persistently improves symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when combined with psy"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28635375",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 136,
"offsetInEndSection": 315,
"text": "Relevantly, enduring improvements in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms have been found in response to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37709999",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 284,
"text": "This multi-site, randomized, double-blind, confirmatory phase 3 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) versus placebo with identical therapy in participants with moderate to severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34855694",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 805,
"offsetInEndSection": 959,
"text": "o have anxiolytic effects, whereas 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been used effectively to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24648791",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2011,
"offsetInEndSection": 2242,
"text": "Finally, even though MDMA is listed as a Schedule I compound by the Drug Enforcement Agency, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for patients with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder is currently under investigation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26371762",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 55,
"offsetInEndSection": 212,
"text": "(MDMA, 'ecstasy') has been proposed to have long-term positive effects on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms when combined with psychotherapy. No"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26579955",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 726,
"offsetInEndSection": 1009,
"text": "has shown that MDMA, used as a catalyst in psychotherapy, is effective in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This review also examines the psychopharmacological basis for the efficacy of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. Specifically, the brain regions involved with both PTSD"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12691208",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 4,
"offsetInEndSection": 416,
"text": "FDA and the Spanish Ministry of Health have concluded that the risk/benefit ratio is favorable under certain circumstances for clinical studies investigating MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. Both agencies have approved pilot studies in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients who have failed to obtain relief from at least one course of conventional treatment. These studies, the only ones in the world"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34150406",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 1445,
"text": "Background: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), known recreationally as \"Molly\" or \"Ecstasy\", is a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor. MDMA specifically acts as a weak 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor agonist, targeting 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors. Its potential use for therapeutic purposes with these pharmacological profiles remains a controversial subject. Studies have shown the potential benefits in clinical trials for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A larger amount of data has been provided for the push in support of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in these patients. Objective: The aim of this article is to compute a meta-analysis and conduct a systematic review of the effects of MDMA on PTSD, discussing the potential benefits and adverse events relative to dosing and stability of treatment. Methods: Articles were collected and analyzed for systematic review: 16 articles were included in the systematic review that met the criteria for the use of MDMA in the treatment of PTSD as well as assessing the safety and efficacy of the drug in human participants. Ten studies were used for the meta-analysis, with a cumulative sample size of 168 patients. The significance of the findings on dosing and efficacy of MDMA in healthy human participants was quantified based on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) and PTSD symptom scores. Results: The disorders for which MDMA demonstrated a net positive o"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30529341",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1286,
"offsetInEndSection": 1511,
"text": "These findings are consistent with a general memory-disrupting effect of MDMA and suggest that MDMA could augment psychotherapy by modifying fear memories during reconsolidation without necessarily enhancing their extinction."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33972795",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1551,
"offsetInEndSection": 1785,
"text": "These data indicate that, compared with manualized therapy with inactive placebo, MDMA-assisted therapy is highly efficacious in individuals with severe PTSD, and treatment is safe and well-tolerated, even in those with comorbidities."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35700643",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 974,
"offsetInEndSection": 1124,
"text": "In recent human-subject studies MDMA-assisted therapy resulted in significant improvement in PTSD symptoms with a good safety and side effect profile."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30529341",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 249,
"text": "Clinical trials have demonstrated that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) paired with psychotherapy is more effective at reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy, alone or in combination."
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
65f490fac4010b4d78000010
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What is the 3D tomography imaging technique for diagnosis of eye disease?
|
['optical coherence tomography.']
|
[
"optical coherence tomography",
"OCT",
"optical coherence tomography imaging",
"optical coherence tomography angiography",
"optical coherence tomography (OCT)"
] |
['Currently, eye care professionals use optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to help diagnose eye conditions.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25606299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29111842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28782513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20542136",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29396390",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25570836",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28677229"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28782513",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 171,
"text": "To compare the effect of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) on retinal capillary filling in elderly vs adult rats using optical coherence tomography angiography "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28782513",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 352,
"offsetInEndSection": 504,
"text": "OCT data were captured using an optical microangiography (OMAG) scanning protocol and then post-processed to obtain both structural and vascular images."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28677229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": " Optical coherence tomography is used routinely in management of diabetic eye disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28677229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 193,
"offsetInEndSection": 324,
"text": "The study aims to evaluate the use of optical coherence tomography combined with a fundus camera compared with a fundus camera only"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29111842",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "To evaluate the ability of new Swept source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology to detect changes in retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with Parkinson's disease"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29111842",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "Retinal and Choroidal Changes in Patients with Parkinson's Disease Detected by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29111842",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1621,
"offsetInEndSection": 1763,
"text": "New SS technology for OCT devices detects retinal thinning in PD patients, providing increased depth analysis of the choroid in these patients"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29396390",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 130,
"text": "Diagnostic Function of 3D Optical Coherence Tomography Images in Diagnosis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease at Acute Uveitis Stage."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29396390",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 251,
"text": "This study analyzed the macular 3D-OCT images of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) in uveitis, explored the characteristics of 3D-OCT images of the macular region of VKH, and assessed which characteristics contribute most to VKH diagnosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29396390",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 273,
"offsetInEndSection": 395,
"text": "The 3D-OCT examination of 25 cases of VKH was performed on the macular area, and the image characteristics were analyzed. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20542136",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1211,
"offsetInEndSection": 1409,
"text": "The implications of new image analysis approaches include improved reproducibility of measurements garnered from 3D-OCT, which may then help improve disease discrimination and progression detection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25606299",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 553,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "3D spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), an optical imaging technique, has been commonly used to discriminate glaucomatous from healthy subjects."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25570836",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 414,
"offsetInEndSection": 576,
"text": "3D spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), an optical imaging technique, has been commonly used to discriminate glaucomatous from healthy subjects."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25606299",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 716,
"offsetInEndSection": 819,
"text": "In this paper, we present a new framework for detection of glaucoma progression using 3D SD-OCT images."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c5249077e3cb0e23100000b
|
bioasq_factoid
|
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