Dataset Viewer
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22.1k
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4.35k
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid
|
Abnormality in which vertebral region is important in the Bertolotti's syndrome?
|
['lumbosacral']
|
[
"lumbosacral",
"lumbosacral region",
"lumbosacral plexus",
"lumbosacral spine",
"lumbosacral junction"
] |
Lumbosacral vertebral region is implicated in the Bertolotti's syndrome. Lumbosacral transitional vertebra is an anatomical variation of the fifth lumbar vertebra in which an enlarged transverse process can form a joint or fusion with the sacrum or ilium. Patients often complain of intractable sciatica that arises from impingement of the nerve root extraforaminally by compression caused by the enlarged transverse process.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24156003",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511940",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19830065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19646556",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19547821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19037900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596536",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16943469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11154546",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8457417",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2533403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23969004",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23096483"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24156003",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Bertolotti's syndrome (BS), a form of lumbago in lumbosacral transitional vertebrae, is an important cause of low back pain in young patients. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24156003",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 728,
"offsetInEndSection": 850,
"text": " Common causes of back pain were the ipsilateral L5-S1 facet joint, neoarticulation, the SI joint, and disc degeneration. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511940",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Patients with Bertolotti's syndrome have characteristic lumbosacral anomalies and often have severe sciatica. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511940",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 296,
"offsetInEndSection": 475,
"text": "We suggest that the intractable sciatica in this syndrome could arise from impingement of the nerve root extraforaminally by compression caused by the enlarged transverse process."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624239",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Radiofrequency sensory ablation as a treatment for symptomatic unilateral lumbosacral junction pseudarticulation (Bertolotti's syndrome): a case report."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624239",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 410,
"offsetInEndSection": 534,
"text": "She was found to have an elongated right L5 transverse process that articulated with the sacral ala (Bertolotti's syndrome)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19830065",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 348,
"text": "Lumbosacral transitional vertebra is an anatomical variation of the fifth lumbar vertebra in which an enlarged transverse process can form a joint or fusion with the sacrum or ilium. The association of that variant with low back pain and the change in the biomechanical properties of the lumbar spine is called Bertolotti's syndrome. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19830065",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 517,
"offsetInEndSection": 703,
"text": "Radiographic investigation revealed an anomalous enlargement of the left transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra forming a pseudarthrosis with the infrajacent ala of the sacrum. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19547821",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Transitional lumbosacral vertebrae and low back pain: diagnostic pitfalls and management of Bertolotti's syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19547821",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 10,
"offsetInEndSection": 227,
"text": " Bertolotti's syndrome is a spine disorder characterized by the occurrence of a congenital lumbar transverse mega-apophysis in a transitional vertebral body that usually articulates with the sacrum or the iliac bone. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596536",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 327,
"offsetInEndSection": 488,
"text": "It is characterized by an enlarged transverse process at the most caudal lumbar vertebra with a pseudoarticulation of the transverse process and the sacral ala. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16943469",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 221,
"text": "Bertolotti's syndrome is characterised by anomalous enlargement of the transverse process(es) of the most caudal lumbar vertebra which may articulate or fuse with the sacrum or ilium and cause isolated L4/5 disc disease. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11154546",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 184,
"text": "Case report of surgically treated mechanical low back pain from the facet joint contralateral to a unilateral anomalous lumbosacral articulation (Bertolotti's syndrome). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11154546",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 530,
"offsetInEndSection": 624,
"text": "Bertolotti's syndrome is mechanical low back pain associated with these transitional segments."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11154546",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 944,
"offsetInEndSection": 1087,
"text": "Repeated fluoroscopically guided injections implicated a symptomatic L6-S1 facet joint contralateral to an anomalous lumbosacral articulation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8457417",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 157,
"text": "We surgically treated 16 patients with Bertolotti's syndrome (chronic, persistent low back pain and radiographically diagnosed transitional lumbar vertebra)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2533403",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 33,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "Transitional vertebrae of the lumbar spine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2533403",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Bertolotti's syndrome refers to the association of back pain with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae. "
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013131",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] |
[
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/13767955"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/14432659"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/13716899"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/13700654"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/13305927"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/14445302"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/13580681"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/14902269"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/13642924"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/20254848"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/13574281"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/LUMBOSACRAL+REGION%2Fabnormalities",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/14493837"
}
] |
5313058de3eabad02100000e
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Can the Micro-C XL method achieve mononucleosome resolution?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. Micro-C XL is an improved method for analysis of chromosome folding at mononucleosome resolution.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27723753"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27723753",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "We present Micro-C XL, an improved method for analysis of chromosome folding at mononucleosome resolution"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27723753",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "We present Micro-C XL, an improved method for analysis of chromosome folding at mononucleosome resolution."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27723753",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 86,
"text": "Micro-C XL: assaying chromosome conformation from the nucleosome to the entire genome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27723753",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 413,
"offsetInEndSection": 538,
"text": "Micro-C XL provides a single assay to interrogate chromosome folding at length scales from the nucleosome to the full genome."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
| null | null |
587dfde9ae05ffb474000001
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What is commotio cordis?
|
['blunt thoracic impact causing sudden death']
|
[
"blunt thoracic impact causing sudden death",
"blunt chest trauma leading to sudden death",
"blunt chest impact resulting in sudden death",
"blunt thoracic trauma causing sudden death",
"blunt force trauma to the chest leading to sudden death"
] |
Commotio cordis is a term used to describe cases of blunt thoracic impact causing sudden death without structural damage of the heart
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22816548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14646469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11879111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10894918",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703576",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6496438",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17957272",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23107651",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22869311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22027166",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21699851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20086611",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18691236",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19749607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17229310",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15744544",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15331287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11555799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11334832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11208236",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11048776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10392228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10338239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9930916"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22816548",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 181,
"text": "Commotio cordis is a rare type of blunt cardiac injury in which low impact chest trauma causes sudden cardiac arrest, usually occurs from being struck by a projectile during sports."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14646469",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 323,
"text": "Commotio cordis due to blunt trauma to the precordium is a rare cause of death in young athletes, occurring less frequently than all of the other athletics-related deaths. Commotio cordis is a term used to describe cases of blunt thoracic impact causing fatality without structural damage of the heart and internal organs. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11879111",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 223,
"text": "Although blunt, nonpenetrating chest blows causing sudden cardiac death (commotio cordis) are often associated with competitive sports, dangers implicit in such blows can extend into many other life activities. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10894918",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 126,
"text": "Sudden death following blunt chest trauma is a frightening occurrence known as 'commotio cordis' or 'concussion of the heart'."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10498299",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 169,
"text": "Commotio cordis is a term used to describe cases of blunt thoracic impact causing fatality without gross structural damage of the heart and internal organs. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703576",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 303,
"text": "Cardiac concussion, previously known as commotio cordis, occurs in structurally normal hearts without gross or microscopic injury to the myocardium, cardiac valves, or coronary arteries, as opposed to other sports-related deaths known to occur more frequently in structural or congenital heart disease. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6496438",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "Nonpenetrating cardiac injuries due to direct precordial blunt impacts are a commonly encountered phenomenon in medicolegal offices."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6496438",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 279,
"offsetInEndSection": 472,
"text": "less commonly occurring manifestation of nonpenetrating injury is a concussion of the heart (commotio cordis), often with dramatic physiological consequences but no morphologic cardiac injury. "
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056104"
] |
[] |
53035d7c2059c6d71c000085
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the incidence of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy?
|
['1:8000 to 1:20000']
|
[
"1:8000 to 1:20000",
"1:8000-1:20000",
"1:8000-20000",
"1:8000 to 20000",
"1:8000 - 1:20000"
] |
['Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy has and incidence of 1:8000 to 1:20000.', 'The incidence of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) is approximately 1 in 8000 individuals.', 'The incidence of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy is approximately 1 in 8,000.', 'The incidence of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy is approximately 1 in 8000 people.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34315378",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21496633"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34315378",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) is in the top three list of all dystrophies with an approximate 1:8000 incidence."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21496633",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 171,
"offsetInEndSection": 322,
"text": "It is present worldwide, with a prevalence of around 4 per 100000 and an incidence of about 1 in 20000. Overall lifespan is not affected significantly."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
64425ce357b1c7a315000059
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which disease was studied in the CADISS trial?
|
['carotid and vertebral artery dissection']
|
[
"carotid and vertebral artery dissection",
"CVA dissection",
"carotid artery dissection",
"vertebral artery dissection",
"cervical artery dissection",
"cervical artery dissection syndrome",
"carotid and vertebral artery injury"
] |
['CADISS was a prospective multicentre randomised-controlled trial in acute (within 7 days of onset) carotid and vertebral artery dissection.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705933",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22110554",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19386884",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30801621",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684164"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087823",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "Prognosis of carotid dissecting aneurysms: Results from CADISS and a systematic review."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087823",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 262,
"offsetInEndSection": 497,
"text": "METHODS: We included 264 patients with extracranial cervical artery dissection (CAD) from the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS), a multicenter prospective study that compared antiplatelet with anticoagulation therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087823",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1451,
"offsetInEndSection": 1602,
"text": "CONCLUSIONS: The results of CADISS provide evidence suggesting that DAs may have benign prognosis and therefore medical treatment should be considered."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684164",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 123,
"text": "Antiplatelet treatment compared with anticoagulation treatment for cervical artery dissection (CADISS): a randomised trial."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684164",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 379,
"offsetInEndSection": 540,
"text": "We compared their efficacy in the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS), with the additional aim of establishing the true risk of recurrent stroke."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855862",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 365,
"text": "OBJECTIVE: To present the results of the nonrandomized arm of the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS-NR) trial, comparing anticoagulation and antiplatelets for prevention of recurrent stroke after carotid and vertebral dissection, and perform a meta-analysis of these results with previously published studies comparing the 2 therapeutic strategies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19386884",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 555,
"offsetInEndSection": 823,
"text": "Although optimal treatment for VAD is unknown, the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS) is an ongoing randomised multicentre prospective study comparing antiplatelet therapy with anticoagulation for patients with both carotid artery dissection and VAD. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22110554",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 620,
"offsetInEndSection": 720,
"text": "We use dual antiplatelets for the management of cervical dissections as a part of the CADISS trial. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705933",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "Antiplatelet therapy vs. anticoagulation in cervical artery dissection: rationale and design of the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705933",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 535,
"offsetInEndSection": 679,
"text": "AIMS: CADISS is a prospective multicentre randomised-controlled trial in acute (within 7 days of onset) carotid and vertebral artery dissection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705933",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 537,
"offsetInEndSection": 681,
"text": "AIMS\n\nCADISS is a prospective multicentre randomised-controlled trial in acute (within 7 days of onset) carotid and vertebral artery dissection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22110554",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 620,
"offsetInEndSection": 719,
"text": "We use dual antiplatelets for the management of cervical dissections as a part of the CADISS trial."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705933",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 535,
"offsetInEndSection": 678,
"text": "AIMS CADISS is a prospective multicentre randomised-controlled trial in acute (within 7 days of onset) carotid and vertebral artery dissection."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30801621",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 178,
"text": "Antiplatelet Therapy vs Anticoagulation Therapy in Cervical Artery Dissection: The Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study ( CADISS ) Randomized Clinical Trial Final Results ."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705933",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Antiplatelet therapy vs. anticoagulation in cervical artery dissection: rationale and design of the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study ( CADISS ) ."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684164",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 369,
"offsetInEndSection": 533,
"text": "We compared their efficacy in the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study ( CADISS) , with the additional aim of establishing the true risk of recurrent stroke ."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684164",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 378,
"offsetInEndSection": 540,
"text": "We compared their efficacy in the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS), with the additional aim of establishing the true risk of recurrent stroke."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855862",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 365,
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nTo present the results of the nonrandomized arm of the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS-NR) trial, comparing anticoagulation and antiplatelets for prevention of recurrent stroke after carotid and vertebral dissection, and perform a meta-analysis of these results with previously published studies comparing the 2 therapeutic strategies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22110554",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 620,
"offsetInEndSection": 720,
"text": "We use dual antiplatelets for the management of cervical dissections as a part of the CADISS trial."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705933",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 537,
"offsetInEndSection": 681,
"text": "AIMS\nCADISS is a prospective multicentre randomised-controlled trial in acute (within 7 days of onset) carotid and vertebral artery dissection."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705933",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 25,
"offsetInEndSection": 152,
"text": "anticoagulation in cervical artery dissection: rationale and design of the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30801621",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 175,
"text": "Antiplatelet Therapy vs Anticoagulation Therapy in Cervical Artery Dissection: The Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS) Randomized Clinical Trial Final Results."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19386884",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 555,
"offsetInEndSection": 822,
"text": "Although optimal treatment for VAD is unknown, the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS) is an ongoing randomised multicentre prospective study comparing antiplatelet therapy with anticoagulation for patients with both carotid artery dissection and VAD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705933",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 525,
"offsetInEndSection": 663,
"text": "CADISS is a prospective multicentre randomised-controlled trial in acute (within 7 days of onset) carotid and vertebral artery dissection."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22855862",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 354,
"text": "To present the results of the nonrandomized arm of the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS-NR) trial, comparing anticoagulation and antiplatelets for prevention of recurrent stroke after carotid and vertebral dissection, and perform a meta-analysis of these results with previously published studies comparing the 2 therapeutic strategies."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684164",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 367,
"offsetInEndSection": 528,
"text": "We compared their efficacy in the Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS), with the additional aim of establishing the true risk of recurrent stroke."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e4604d83f54159529000003
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Does an interferon (IFN) signature exist for SLE patients?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Interferon type I (IFN-I) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of SLE. An IFN-I score (positive or negative), as a measure of IFN-I activation, is assessed using the expression values of IFN-I signature genes (IFI44, IFI44L, IFIT1, Ly6e, MxA, IFITM1) in CD14+ monocytes of cSLE patients and healthy controls (HCs).']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29850618",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21576205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29321042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28830352"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21576205",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 69,
"offsetInEndSection": 167,
"text": "Interferon regulatory factor 7 activation correlates with the IFN signature and recurrent disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21576205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 801,
"offsetInEndSection": 941,
"text": "In SLE post-transplant, recurrent disease activity and induction of IRF7 protein expression correlated with activation of the IFN signature."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28830352",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "JAK inhibitor has the amelioration effect in lupus-prone mice: the involvement of IFN signature gene downregulation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28830352",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1068,
"offsetInEndSection": 1329,
"text": "We also detected decreased expression of several IFN-signature genes Ifit3 and Isg15 in CD4+ from SLE-prone mice following TOFA and DEXA treatment, and IFIT3 in CD3+ T cells from human patients following immunosuppressant therapy including steroid, respectively"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29850618",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 748,
"offsetInEndSection": 992,
"text": "We found that cDCs from prediseased TCSle male mice express the IFN signature as female TCSle cDCs do. Estrogens are necessary but not sufficient to express this IFN signature, but high doses of E2 can compensate for other steroidal components."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29850618",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 167,
"text": "Conventional DCs from Male and Female Lupus-Prone B6.NZM Sle1/Sle2/Sle3 Mice Express an IFN Signature and Have a Higher Immunometabolism That Are Enhanced by Estrogen."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29321042",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 68,
"text": "Type I IFN signature in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29321042",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 114,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": " Interferon type I (IFN-I) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of SLE. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29321042",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 401,
"offsetInEndSection": 677,
"text": "The IFN-I score (positive or negative), as a measure of IFN-I activation, was assessed using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) expression values of IFN-I signature genes (IFI44, IFI44L, IFIT1, Ly6e, MxA, IFITM1) in CD14+ monocytes of cSLE patients and healthy controls (HCs)"
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c7019557c78d6947100005f
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Are variants in FHF2 (also known as FGF13) associated with encephalopathy?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. FHF2 (also known as FGF13) variants are a cause of infantile-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33245860"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33245860",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "Missense variants in the N-terminal domain of the A isoform of FHF2/FGF13 cause an X-linked developmental and epileptic encephalopathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33245860",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 390,
"offsetInEndSection": 1418,
"text": "Whole-exome sequencing identified hemi- and heterozygous variants in the N-terminal domain of the A isoform of FHF2 (FHF2A). The X-linked FHF2 gene (also known as FGF13) has alternative first exons which produce multiple protein isoforms that differ in their N-terminal sequence. The variants were located at highly conserved residues in the FHF2A inactivation particle that competes with the intrinsic fast inactivation mechanism of Nav channels. Functional characterization of mutant FHF2A co-expressed with wild-type Nav1.6 (SCN8A) revealed that mutant FHF2A proteins lost the ability to induce rapid-onset, long-term blockade of the channel while retaining pro-excitatory properties. These gain-of-function effects are likely to increase neuronal excitability consistent with the epileptic potential of FHF2 variants. Our findings demonstrate that FHF2 variants are a cause of infantile-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and underline the critical role of the FHF2A isoform in regulating Nav channel function."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
61f9605f882a024a1000004f
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Is overexpression of LY6K associated with better prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer patients?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['No, LY6K overexpression is associated with poor prognosis for patients with NSCLC.', 'No, overexpression of LY6K has been found to be associated with poor prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer patients.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18089789"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18089789",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 570,
"text": "Gene expression profile analyses of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) revealed that lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus K (LY6K) was specifically expressed in testis and transactivated in a majority of NSCLCs and ESCCs. Immunohistochemical staining using 406 NSCLC and 265 ESCC specimens confirmed that LY6K overexpression was associated with poor prognosis for patients with NSCLC (P = 0.0003), as well as ESCC (P = 0.0278), and multivariate analysis confirmed its independent prognostic value for NSCLC (P = 0.0035). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18089789",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 271,
"offsetInEndSection": 569,
"text": "Immunohistochemical staining using 406 NSCLC and 265 ESCC specimens confirmed that LY6K overexpression was associated with poor prognosis for patients with NSCLC (P = 0.0003), as well as ESCC (P = 0.0278), and multivariate analysis confirmed its independent prognostic value for NSCLC (P = 0.0035)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18089789",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 271,
"offsetInEndSection": 570,
"text": "Immunohistochemical staining using 406 NSCLC and 265 ESCC specimens confirmed that LY6K overexpression was associated with poor prognosis for patients with NSCLC (P = 0.0003), as well as ESCC (P = 0.0278), and multivariate analysis confirmed its independent prognostic value for NSCLC (P = 0.0035)."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e49c5336d0a277941000011
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Are there randomised controlled trials on sevoflurane?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes. There are < 10 studies reported, answering questions like : how to improve speed of recovery, relationship to dreaming and anesthetic experience, effect on cardiac troponin release, effect on myocardial injury, postoperative delirium, haemodynamics & emergence and recovery characteristics of total intravenous anaesthesia, costs of postoperative nausea and vomiting, pediatric conscious sedation for dental procedures']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23452265",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22577917",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22103571",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21733178",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21675061",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20683334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16867087",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310345",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12693995",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11966554"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23452265",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 459,
"offsetInEndSection": 641,
"text": "After Ethics Review Board approval, 44 ASA I-III patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgery were randomised after surgery to either hypercapnic hyperpnoea or control groups."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23452265",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1471,
"offsetInEndSection": 1617,
"text": "Hypercapnic hyperpnoea in spontaneously breathing patients halves the time of recovery from sevoflurane-induced anaesthesia in the operating room."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22577917",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 329,
"offsetInEndSection": 569,
"text": "A total of 200 women undergoing first trimester abortion (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I) participated in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either sevoflurane or propofol for short-term sedation."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22577917",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 650,
"offsetInEndSection": 841,
"text": "The results showed the incidence of dreaming was significantly different between anaesthesia groups with 60% (60/100) of the sevoflurane group and 33% (33/100) of the propofol group (P=0.000)"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22577917",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1269,
"offsetInEndSection": 1569,
"text": "Anaesthesia administered had no effect on patient satisfaction. The results suggest that the incidence of dreaming was not affected by recovery time. Patient satisfaction was not influenced by choice of sedative and/or by the occurrence of dreaming during sevoflurane or propofol short-term sedation."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22577917",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Prior reports suggest that dreaming during anaesthesia is dependent on recovery time. Dreaming during sedation may impact patient satisfaction"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22103571",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "Sevoflurane vs. propofol in patients with coronary disease undergoing mitral surgery: a randomised study."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22103571",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 197,
"offsetInEndSection": 373,
"text": "We therefore performed a randomised controlled trial (sevoflurane vs. propofol) to compare cardiac troponin release in patients with coronary disease undergoing mitral surgery."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21675061",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "Myocardial injury in remifentanil-based anaesthesia for off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: an equipotent dose of sevoflurane versus propofol"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21675061",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 340,
"text": "This randomised controlled trial compared the effect of equipotent anaesthetic doses of sevoflurane (S group) versus propofol (P group), during remifentanil-based anaesthesia for off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, on myocardial injury. Either sevoflurane or propofol was titrated to maintain bispectral index values between 40 and 50."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20683334",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 365,
"offsetInEndSection": 545,
"text": "This randomised, multicentre, parallel-group trial included 98 adult patients. Patients received intravenous propofol for induction followed by sevoflurane maintenance anaesthesia."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20683334",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 654,
"offsetInEndSection": 747,
"text": "Patients were randomly allocated to receive sugammadex 2.0 mg kg(-1) or neostigmine 50 microg"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16867087",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 269,
"text": "We compared the haemodynamics, emergence and recovery characteristics of total intravenous anaesthesia using propofol/remifentanil with sevoflurane/remifentanil anaesthesia, under bispectral index guidance, in 103 patients undergoing surgical procedures lasting > 3.5 h"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310345",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 176,
"text": "A randomised controlled trial of paediatric conscious sedation for dental treatment using intravenous midazolam combined with inhaled nitrous oxide or nitrous oxide/sevoflurane"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310345",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1403,
"offsetInEndSection": 1643,
"text": "Intravenous midazolam, especially in combination with inhaled nitrous oxide or sevoflurane and nitrous oxide, are effective techniques, with the combination of midazolam and sevoflurane the one most likely to result in successful treatment."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12693995",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 114,
"offsetInEndSection": 244,
"text": "We randomly assigned 1063 adult and 322 paediatric elective patients to one of four (adult) or two (paediatric) anaesthesia groups"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12693995",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 842,
"offsetInEndSection": 1174,
"text": "In both studies, there was no difference in postdischarge outcomes at Day 7. Sevoflurane/sevoflurane was more costly with higher PONV rates in both studies. In adults, the cost per extra episode of PONV avoided was pound 296 (propofol/propofol vs. propofol/ sevoflurane) and pound 333 (propofol/sevoflurane vs. propofol/isoflurane)."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11966554",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 178,
"text": "Comparison of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide mixture with nitrous oxide alone for inhalation conscious sedation in children having dental treatment: a randomised controlled trial."
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11966554",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "We studied 411 children aged 3-10 years who were referred for dental treatment. They were randomly allocated to have inhalation conscious sedation with either sevoflurane/nitrous oxide mixture or nitrous oxide alone"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4252326"
] | null |
515d9e5c298dcd4e5100000e
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Has ivosidenib been FDA approved for use against acute myeloid leukemia?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['The FDA approved ivosidenib for patients with IDH1-mutant relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30093505"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30093505",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "The FDA approved ivosidenib for patients with IDH1-mutant relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. "
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c65495be842deac67000021
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Is ocrelizumab effective for primary progressive multiple sclerosis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, ocrelizumab is effective and approved for primary progressive multiple sclerosis.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35583174",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35590041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35192158"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35192158",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 232,
"text": "Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus®) is an intravenously administered, humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS) or primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35590041",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2194,
"offsetInEndSection": 2363,
"text": "When using the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies ocrelizumab and ofatumumab in the treatment of MS, it is not necessary to test for NAbs as these occur very infrequently. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35583174",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 35,
"text": "Ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35583174",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 318,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Ocrelizumab is a humanised anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2017 for using in adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
6404199d201352f04a000019
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What does the gene symbol EREG stand for?
|
['epiregulin']
|
[
"epiregulin",
"EREG",
"epiregulin precursor",
"epiregulin protein",
"epiregulin isoform"
] |
['The gene symbol EREG stands for the gene epiregulin.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34667080"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34667080",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 268,
"offsetInEndSection": 569,
"text": "We found that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-deficient cells exhibited lower basal ERK activity than the cells deficient in heparin-binding EGF (HBEGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) or epiregulin (EREG), but all cell lines deficient in a single EGFR ligand retained the ERK activation waves."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
6237a5513a8413c6530000b0
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Do brown fat cells produce heat?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, brown fat cells produce heat.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23834768",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26910308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22796012",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21196229",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818608",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6148836",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3083882",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26496384",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26322018",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15058310",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6819159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21982742",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24567786",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27528872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8042786",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25642708",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/962510",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27528697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552974",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1550210",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25068090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2039657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21123942",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9277366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5262992",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24046370",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6315457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/541897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25466254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16594742",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26749900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654830",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19641492"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24567786",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 271,
"offsetInEndSection": 512,
"text": "WAT and BAT are both involved in energy balance. WAT is mainly involved in the storage and mobilization of energy in the form of triglycerides, whereas BAT specializes in dissipating energy as heat during cold- or diet-induced thermogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25466254",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 76,
"offsetInEndSection": 288,
"text": "Because brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy in the form of heat, increasing energy expenditure by augmenting BAT-mediated thermogenesis may represent an approach to counter obesity and its complications."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818608",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 254,
"text": "Classic brown fat and inducible beige fat both dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat through the actions of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1. This nonshivering thermogenesis is crucial for mammals as a defense against cold and obesity/diabetes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654830",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 105,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 in brown fat cells produces heat by dissipating the energy generated by fatty acid and glucose oxidation."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21196229",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 36,
"text": "Brown fat biology and thermogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21196229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 75,
"text": "Brown fat (brown adipose tissue, BAT) primary function is to produce heat. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/962510",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 165,
"offsetInEndSection": 353,
"text": "Brown fat cells were classified into 6 types: Type 1 cells are fat-depleted cells filled with granular cytoplasm and are believed to be produced after oxidation of fat for heat production."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9277366",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1226,
"offsetInEndSection": 1487,
"text": "Calorimetric measurements from cell suspensions showed that ATP increased basal heat production of isolated brown fat cells by approximately 40% but had no effect on the greater than fivefold increase in heat production seen with maximal adrenergic stimulation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818608",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "Classic brown fat and inducible beige fat both dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat through the actions of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21982742",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 182,
"text": "Brown adipocytes oxidize fatty acids to produce heat in response to cold or to excessive energy intake; stimulation of brown fat development and function may thus counteract obesity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/962510",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1032,
"offsetInEndSection": 1285,
"text": "The occurrence of Types 1 and/or 6 cells that has been revealed in 65 out of the total 180 samples (36%), suggests that the oxidation of fat for the thermogenesis proceeds in the brown fat tissue and that brown fat cells partially undergo fat depletion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/962510",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 166,
"offsetInEndSection": 354,
"text": "Brown fat cells were classified into 6 types: Type 1 cells are fat-depleted cells filled with granular cytoplasm and are believed to be produced after oxidation of fat for heat production."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26322018",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 126,
"offsetInEndSection": 333,
"text": "In response to cold, both classical brown fat and the newly identified \"beige\" or \"brite\" cells are activated by β-adrenergic signaling and catabolize stored lipids and carbohydrates to produce heat via UCP1"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26496384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "The ability of brown adipocytes (fat cells) to dissipate energy as heat shows great promise for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24046370",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "Inappropriate heat dissipation ignites brown fat thermogenesis in mice with a mutant thyroid hormone receptor α1"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25068090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "Brown fat and vascular heat dissipation: The new cautionary tail"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21123942",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 255,
"offsetInEndSection": 458,
"text": "Brown adipose produces heat as a defense against hypothermia and obesity, and the appearance of brown-like adipocytes within white adipose tissue depots is associated with improved metabolic phenotypes. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/962510",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1764,
"offsetInEndSection": 1902,
"text": "In the same manner, marked ability to produce a considerable amount of heat was evidenced in brown fat tissue of children and teenagers. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/962510",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 166,
"offsetInEndSection": 355,
"text": "Brown fat cells were classified into 6 types: Type 1 cells are fat-depleted cells filled with granular cytoplasm and are believed to be produced after oxidation of fat for heat production. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8042786",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1616,
"offsetInEndSection": 1739,
"text": "It is inferred that brown-adipose-tissue heat production is reduced during (and probably also some time after) anesthesia. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3083882",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Parallel measurements of heat production and thermogenin content in brown fat cells during cold acclimation of rats."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27528872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 39,
"offsetInEndSection": 287,
"text": "The classical white adipose tissue builds up energy in the form of triglycerides and is useful for preventing fatigue during periods of low caloric intake and the brown adipose tissue instead of inducing fat accumulation can produce energy as heat."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26322018",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 126,
"offsetInEndSection": 334,
"text": "In response to cold, both classical brown fat and the newly identified \"beige\" or \"brite\" cells are activated by β-adrenergic signaling and catabolize stored lipids and carbohydrates to produce heat via UCP1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23834768",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 103,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "White adipose tissue stores energy reserves as fat, whereas the metabolic function of brown adipose tissue is lipid oxidation to produce heat."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6148836",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "The main function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is to produce heat in response to cold."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24129212",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Brown adipocytes oxidize fatty acids to produce heat in response to cold or caloric overfeeding."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21196229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 74,
"text": "Brown fat (brown adipose tissue, BAT) primary function is to produce heat."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15058310",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 293,
"text": "Adipose tissue plays an active role in energy balance because it is not only a lipid storing and mobilizing tissue but consists of functionally specialized tissues able to produce heat (in brown adipose tissue) and to produce or release a vast number of so called adipokines or adipocytokines."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25642708",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a specialized fat that dissipates energy to produce heat, plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19641492",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "Brown adipose cells are specialized to dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat, as a physiological defence against cold and obesity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/962510",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1286,
"offsetInEndSection": 1430,
"text": "In the present study, the thermogenesis of human brown fat tissue was suggested chiefly with regard to the occurrence of Types 1 and/or 6 cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/962510",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1764,
"offsetInEndSection": 1901,
"text": "In the same manner, marked ability to produce a considerable amount of heat was evidenced in brown fat tissue of children and teenagers."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26749900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "Adult humans have heat-producing and energy-consuming brown adipose tissue in the clavicular region of the neck."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552974",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "Brown and beige adipocytes expend chemical energy to produce heat and are therefore important in regulating body temperature and body weight."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2039657",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2005,
"offsetInEndSection": 2203,
"text": "In human perirenal brown fat tissue, darkly stained fat-depleted cells (D) occupy, with other cell types (CR, CR'), an important part in the reversible heat production cycle of the brown fat tissue."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912151",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 91,
"text": "Brown fat is a specialized fat depot that can increase energy expenditure and produce heat."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
|
[
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002477",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002001",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D052437",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006359",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005223"
] |
[
{
"o": "Heat",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0018837"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0066521",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0018837"
},
{
"o": "Heat",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0066521"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18591807",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0018837"
},
{
"o": "heat",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18591807"
}
] |
58ca906a02b8c6095300002e
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Is OXLUMO (lumasiran) used for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Yes, OXLUMO (lumasiran) is approved for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) in adults and children aged 6 years and older.', 'Yes, OXLUMO (lumasiran) is used for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria.', 'OXLUMO (lumasiran) for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria', 'Lumasiran (Oxlumo™) is a subcutaneously administered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the mRNA for hydroxyacid oxidase 1 gene (HAO1; encodes glycolate oxidase) and was developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1).', 'Lumasiran (Oxlumo) is a subcutaneously administered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the mRNA for hydroxyacid oxidase 1 gene (HAO1; encodes glycolate oxidase) and was developed by Alnylam Ph', 'Is OXLUMO (lumasiran) used for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria ']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33789010",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34154993",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34022071",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33985991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35237473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35747094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33497125",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34906487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35731461",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33513899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35843439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33405070",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35015123"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33405070",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 268,
"text": "Lumasiran (Oxlumo™) is a subcutaneously administered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the mRNA for hydroxyacid oxidase 1 gene (HAO1; encodes glycolate oxidase) and was developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34154993",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 326,
"offsetInEndSection": 388,
"text": "OXLUMO (lumasiran) for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34154993",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 506,
"text": "Conjugation of oligonucleotide therapeutics, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or antisense oligonucleotides, to N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligands has become the primary strategy for hepatocyte-targeted delivery, and with the recent approvals of GIVLAARI (givosiran) for the treatment of acute hepatic porphyria, OXLUMO (lumasiran) for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria, and Leqvio (inclisiran) for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, the technology has been well validated clinically."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34022071",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 901,
"offsetInEndSection": 1240,
"text": "In this context we discuss nedosiran (Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and lumasiran (Alnylam Pharmaceuticals), which are both novel RNAi therapies for primary hyperoxaluria that selectively reduce hepatic expression of lactate dehydrogenase and glycolate oxidase respectively, reducing hepatic oxalate production and urinary oxalate levels."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33405070",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 622,
"offsetInEndSection": 737,
"text": "On 23 November 2020, lumasiran was approved in the USA for the treatment of adult and paediatric patients with PH1."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33789010",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "Lumasiran, an RNAi Therapeutic for Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33405070",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 502,
"offsetInEndSection": 621,
"text": "On 19 November 2020, lumasiran received its first global approval in the EU for the treatment of PH1 in all age groups."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33513899",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 507,
"offsetInEndSection": 712,
"text": "Efforts made to develop pharmacological treatments succeeded with the biotechnological agent lumasiran, a siRNA product against glycolate oxidase, which has become the first effective therapy to treat PH1."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34906487",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Phase 3 trial of lumasiran for primary hyperoxaluria type 1: A new RNAi therapeutic in infants and young children."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33497125",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 246,
"text": "Several new drugs have been approved to treat rare genetic disorders: setmelanotide for certain conditions causing obesity; lumasiran for primary hyperoxaluria type 1, a kidney disorder; and lonafarnib for two diseases that cause premature aging."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35747094",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "Lumasiran in the Management of Patients with Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1: From Bench to Bedside."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35015123",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 82,
"text": "The effect of lumasiran therapy for primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in small infants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35731461",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 956,
"offsetInEndSection": 1079,
"text": " Lumasiran was recently approved in the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and nedosiran is in the approval process."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33985991",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1919,
"offsetInEndSection": 2084,
"text": "SIONS: Lumasiran had an acceptable safety profile and reduced urinary oxalate excretion in all patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 to near-normal levels.CLINI"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35237473",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 315,
"offsetInEndSection": 472,
"text": "Lumasiran is an RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic agent that reduces hepatic oxalate production, which has been recently approved for the treatment of PH1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35843439",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 291,
"text": "RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Lumasiran reduces urinary and plasma oxalate (POx) in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) and relatively preserved kidney function. ILLUMINATE-C evaluates the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of lumasiran in patients with PH1 and a"
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
64281a47690f196b5100004f
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Is Mycobacterium avium less susceptible to antibiotics than Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['Mycobacterium avium causes disseminated infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. M tuberculosis disease is preventable and curable and yet communicable, physicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion for tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults. In comparison, the goal of treating M avium complex in patients with advanced HIV disease is to reduce constitutional symptoms and improve survival. Patients who were suspected to have disseminated mycobacterial infection, presenting fever and (preferably) a CD4 T cell count<100.0 cell/mL were investigated. Twelve (15%) of the 80 blood cultures were positive for mycobacteria, with Mycobacterium avium being identified in 7 (8.8%) samples and M. tuberculosis in 5 (6.2%). The antimycobacterial activities of RS-112997, RS-124922 and RS-118641, three capuramycin analogues that inhibit phospho-N-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide translocase, were tested against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. The MIC50/90 (mg/L) results for RS-118641 were: M. tuberculosis, 1/2; multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis, 0.5/2; M. avium, 4/8; and M. intracellulare, 0.06/0.5']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21258569",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410940",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15347635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12355367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10988097",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1441463",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15328105",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119013",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17897062",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17548640"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21258569",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1447,
"offsetInEndSection": 1550,
"text": "The prevalence of MAC lung infection in two inner city hospitals was four times higher than that of TB."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21258569",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1792,
"offsetInEndSection": 1908,
"text": "Most patients with combined infection were clinically consistent with MTB and responded to anti MTB treatment alone."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302308",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1719,
"offsetInEndSection": 1868,
"text": "The triplex PCR developed by us could be used to detect and differentiate M. tuberculosis, M. avium and other mycobacteria in a single reaction tube."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410940",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 402,
"offsetInEndSection": 567,
"text": "Twelve (15%) of the 80 blood cultures were positive for mycobacteria, with Mycobacterium avium being identified in 7 (8.8%) samples and M. tuberculosis in 5 (6.2%). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15347635",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 296,
"text": "The antimycobacterial activities of RS-112997, RS-124922 and RS-118641, three capuramycin analogues that inhibit phospho-N-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide translocase, were tested against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15347635",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 461,
"offsetInEndSection": 627,
"text": "The MIC50/90 (mg/L) results for RS-118641 were: M. tuberculosis, 1/2; multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis, 0.5/2; M. avium, 4/8; and M. intracellulare, 0.06/0.5"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15347635",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1456,
"offsetInEndSection": 1692,
"text": "These results suggest that capuramycin analogues exhibit strong antimycobacterial potential and should be considered for further evaluation in the treatment of M. tuberculosis and M. avium-M. intracellulare complex infections in humans."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12355367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "Mycobacterium avium causes disseminated infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10988097",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 421,
"offsetInEndSection": 694,
"text": "Overall incidences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) were 0.8 and 1.4 cases/100 person-years of follow-up (PYF), decreasing from 1.8 (TB) and 3.5 cases/100 PYF (MAC) before September 1995 to 0.3 and 0.2 cases/100 PYF after March 1997."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1441463",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 427,
"offsetInEndSection": 750,
"text": "Because M tuberculosis disease is preventable and curable and yet communicable, physicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion for tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults. In comparison, the goal of treating M avium complex in patients with advanced HIV disease is to reduce constitutional symptoms and improve survival."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19956964",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1210,
"offsetInEndSection": 1385,
"text": "MAC pulmonary disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of SPNs, even when encountered in geographic regions with a high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410940",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 186,
"offsetInEndSection": 400,
"text": "From April 2001 to February 2002, 80 blood samples from patients who were suspected to have disseminated mycobacterial infection, presenting fever and (preferably) a CD4 T cell count<100.0 cell/mL were investigated"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17548640",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "IL-10 underlies distinct susceptibility of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice to Mycobacterium avium infection and influences efficacy of antibiotic therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "Clinical utility of rifabutin 1 (RBT), a potent antibiotic used in multidrug regimens for tuberculosis (TB) as well as for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), has been hampered due to dose-limiting toxicity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "Clinical utility of rifabutin 1 (RBT), a potent antibiotic used in multidrug regimens for tuberculosis (TB) as well as for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), has been hampered due to dose-limiting toxicity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12355367",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 214,
"offsetInEndSection": 364,
"text": "Effective therapeutic regimens exist that are limited by the emergence of drug resistance and the inability of antibiotics to kill dormant organisms. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17548640",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "IL-10 underlies distinct susceptibility of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice to Mycobacterium avium infection and influences efficacy of antibiotic therapy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "Clinical utility of rifabutin 1 (RBT), a potent antibiotic used in multidrug regimens for tuberculosis (TB) as well as for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), has been hampered due to dose-limiting toxicity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "Clinical utility of rifabutin 1 (RBT), a potent antibiotic used in multidrug regimens for tuberculosis (TB) as well as for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), has been hampered due to dose-limiting toxicity. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 226,
"text": "Clinical utility of rifabutin 1 (RBT), a potent antibiotic used in multidrug regimens for tuberculosis (TB) as well as for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), has been hampered due to dose-limiting toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 40,
"offsetInEndSection": 179,
"text": "a potent antibiotic used in multidrug regimens for tuberculosis (TB) as well as for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC),"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "Clinical utility of rifabutin 1 (RBT), a potent antibiotic used in multidrug regimens for tuberculosis (TB) as well as for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), has been hampered due to dose-limiting toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "Clinical utility of rifabutin 1 (RBT), a potent antibiotic used in multidrug regimens for tuberculosis (TB) as well as for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), has been hampered due to dose-limiting toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "Clinical utility of rifabutin 1 (RBT), a potent antibiotic used in multidrug regimens for tuberculosis (TB) as well as for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), has been hampered due to dose-limiting toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 228,
"text": "Clinical utility of rifabutin 1 (RBT), a potent antibiotic used in multidrug regimens for tuberculosis (TB) as well as for infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), has been hampered due to dose-limiting toxicity."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15328105",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1048,
"offsetInEndSection": 1214,
"text": "tuberculosis appear to have different genetic mechanisms for resisting the effects of these antibiotics, with pks12 playing a relatively more significant role in MAC."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
5710a650cf1c32585100002b
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Is there a relationship between thyroid hormone altered metabolism and coronary artery disease?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
The major part of the studies and metaanalysis data show that hypothyroidism, both primary and secondary forms, is associated with higher incidence and severity of coronary artery disease.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23470525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22877896",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22724581",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21745107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19650571",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497453",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17434631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14677810",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16649727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16524858",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16507804",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21789282",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17614771",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9117915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9709915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23086805",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/732079"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23470525",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1516,
"offsetInEndSection": 1747,
"text": "The results showed that higher levels of TSH within the reference range were independently associated with the presence of CAD only among subjects less than or equal to 65 years old, suggesting age might influence the relationship."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22877896",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1594,
"offsetInEndSection": 1829,
"text": "FT3 levels within the normal range were inversely correlated with the presence and severity of CAD. Moreover, lower FT3 concentrations were correlated with the Gensini score and independently predicted the presence and severity of CAD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22724581",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 922,
"offsetInEndSection": 1221,
"text": "High TSH within the reference range was associated with increased risk of coronary death in women (P(trend) 0·005), but not in men. The risk of coronary death was also increased among women with subclinical hypothyroidism or subclinical hyperthyroidism, compared to women with TSH of 0·50-1·4 mU/l. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21745107",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1110,
"offsetInEndSection": 1186,
"text": " Prevalence of CHD was more common in hypothyroid and moderate SCH patients."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19650571",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1657,
"offsetInEndSection": 2003,
"text": "The angiographic results were as follows: significant coronary disease (SH 28.1% vs. non-SH 43.8%; p=0.087); three-vessel disease (9.4% vs. 9.9%; p=0.919); two-vessel disease (12.5% vs. 13.4%; p=0.892); single-vessel disease (6.3% vs. 29.5%; p=0.051); minimal lesions (9.4% vs. 10.9%; p=0.794); and no coronary disease (62.4% vs, 45.3%; p=0.064)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19609889",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 687,
"offsetInEndSection": 962,
"text": "Lower fT3 levels were predictive of both single-vessel (p = 0.012) and multivessel (p = 0.009) CAD. Through a multivariate logistic regression analysis, fT3 was still linked to the presence of CAD (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-0.68, p < 0.001)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497453",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1556,
"offsetInEndSection": 1766,
"text": "Our study showed that FT(4) levels were associated with the presence and the severity of CAD. Also, this study suggests that elevated serum FT(4) levels even within normal range could be a risk factor for CAD. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17434631",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2114,
"offsetInEndSection": 2263,
"text": "The present meta-analysis indicates that sub-clinical hypothyroidism is associated with both, a significant risk of CHD at baseline and at follow-up."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222925",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 916,
"offsetInEndSection": 1398,
"text": "The incidence of multi-vessel disease was higher in patients with high TSH level (p=0.026). TSH level showed a significant correlation with age (r=0.109, p=0.044) and Gensini's score (r=0.117, p=0.045). The multivariate analysis revealed that age (OR 2.39, p=0.001), diabetes (OR 3.74, p=0.001), creatinine (OR 2.06, p=0.008), and smoking (OR 1.85, p=0.045) were independent predictors for significant coronary artery disease, but TSH level did not predict coronary artery stenosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14677810",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2580,
"offsetInEndSection": 2784,
"text": "These data in patients referred for coronary angiography suggest that variation of thyroid function within the statistical normal range may influence the presence and severity of coronary atherosclerosis."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003324",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023921",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003331",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3393",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013959",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013974",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014284"
] |
[] |
531d1279b166e2b806000042
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Is poly (ADP- ribosylation) involved in transcriptional control?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
Yes, poly (ADP- ribosylation) plays a role in the maintenance of transcriptional fidelity.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18851700",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18396434",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17286852",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158748",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790974",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1828533"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18851700",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 336,
"offsetInEndSection": 547,
"text": "Histone phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, SUMOylation and poly-ADP-ribosylation, as well as ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes, play equally pivotal roles in the maintenance of transcriptional fidelity"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18396434",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 188,
"text": "oly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1; EC 2.4.2.30) is an abundant nuclear protein that is involved in DNA repair, cell cycle control, programmed cell death and transcriptional regulation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17286852",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 213,
"text": "Many lines of evidence suggest that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (Parp-1) is involved in transcriptional regulation of various genes as a coactivator or a corepressor by modulating chromatin structure"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17286852",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1631,
"offsetInEndSection": 1765,
"text": "These results suggest that Parp-1 is required to maintain transcriptional regulation of a wide variety of genes on a genome-wide scale"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158748",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 480,
"offsetInEndSection": 602,
"text": "PARP-1 was identified as a part of the mH2A1.1 nucleosome complex and was found to be associated with the Hsp70.1 promoter"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158748",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1020,
"offsetInEndSection": 1174,
"text": "Upon heat shock, the Hsp70.1 promoter-bound PARP-1 is released to activate transcription through ADP-ribosylation of other Hsp70.1 promoter-bound proteins"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9790974",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1028,
"offsetInEndSection": 1409,
"text": "Cycloheximide-induced cells were treated with two chemical inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. 3-Aminobenzamide inhibited 75% of PAP gene induction and 4-hydroxyquinazolone, the highly specific inhibitor of the enzyme, blocked almost completely PAP expression, suggesting that ADP-ribosylation was indeed required for the upregulation of PAP gene expression by cycloheximide"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1828533",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 471,
"offsetInEndSection": 589,
"text": " inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase suppressed UV-induced HIV-1 gene expression but not tat-mediated expression"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1828533",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "oly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors suppress UV-induced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0070212",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006351",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020727"
] |
[] |
53380000d6d3ac6a34000059
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
What is molecular radiotherapy?
|
['Molecular radiotherapy is working through tumor-targeted radionuclides.']
|
[
"Molecular radiotherapy",
"Tumor-targeted radionuclides",
"Targeted radionuclide therapy",
"Radionuclide therapy",
"Radioimmunotherapy",
"Radionuclide-based therapy",
"Targeted molecular therapy"
] |
['Molecular radiotherapy is working through tumor-targeted radionuclides.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28747518",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29043399"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28747518",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 311,
"offsetInEndSection": 405,
"text": "Molecular radiotherapy with tumor-targeted radionuclides may overcome some of these challenges"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29043399",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 437,
"text": "Neuroblastoma may be treated with molecular radiotherapy, 131I meta-Iodobenzylguanidine and 177Lu Lutetium DOTATATE, directed at distinct molecular targets: Noradrenaline Transporter Molecule (NAT) and Somatostatin Receptor (SSTR2), respectively. This study used immunohistochemistry to evaluate target expression in archival neuroblastoma tissue, to determine whether it might facilitate clinical use of molecular radiotherapy."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e499c636d0a27794100000a
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which is the target of the drug Denosumab?
|
[['receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand', 'RANKL']]
|
[
"receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand",
"RANKL",
"RANK ligand",
"receptor activator of NF-kB ligand",
"TNFSF11",
"OPGL",
"osteoprotegerin ligand"
] |
['Denosumab (Dmab) is a fully human monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL).']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26029270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26203221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26504466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26508890"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26029270",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody which specifically blocks receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and is a very potent antiresorptive drug. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26203221",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 560,
"offsetInEndSection": 606,
"text": "denosumab, a monoclonal antibody against RANKL"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26504466",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 140,
"text": "Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with a high risk of fractures. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26508890",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 466,
"offsetInEndSection": 776,
"text": "Denosumab (Dmab) is a fully human monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which, through the prevention of the RANKL/RANK interaction, inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and significantly reduces the risk of vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures. "
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
56e6ec49edfc094c1f000005
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which transcription factor binding site is contained in Alu repeats?
|
['The NF-κB-binding site']
|
[
"NF-kappa B binding site",
"NF-κB binding site",
"Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells binding site",
"NF-kB binding site",
"NFκB-binding site",
"NF-kappaB binding site",
"The NF-κB-binding site"
] |
['A novel abundant NF-κB-binding site resides in specialized Alu-repetitive elements having the potential for long range transcription regulation, thus suggesting that in addition to its known role, NF-κB has a primate-specific function and a role in human evolution.', 'Remarkably, we identified a novel abundant NF-κB-binding site residing in specialized Alu-repetitive elements having the potential for long range transcription regulation, thus suggesting that in addition to its known role, NF-κB has a primate-specific function and a role in human evolution.', 'Remarkably, we identified a novel abundant NF-κB-binding site residing in specialized Alu-repetitive elements having the potential for long range transcription regulation, thus suggesting that in addition to its known role, NF-κB has a primate-specific function and a role in human evolution. A de novo motif enrichment analysis uncovers secondary TFBSs (AP1, SP1) at characteristic distances from NF-κB/RelA TFBSs.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23771139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896491"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896491",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 502,
"offsetInEndSection": 794,
"text": "Remarkably, we identified a novel abundant NF-κB-binding site residing in specialized Alu-repetitive elements having the potential for long range transcription regulation, thus suggesting that in addition to its known role, NF-κB has a primate-specific function and a role in human evolution."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23771139",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 429,
"offsetInEndSection": 551,
"text": "A de novo motif enrichment analysis uncovers secondary TFBSs (AP1, SP1) at characteristic distances from NF-κB/RelA TFBSs."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5c74111f7c78d694710000a1
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
The small molecule SEA0400 is an inhibitor of which ion antiporter/exchanger?
|
[['Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger', 'NCX']]
|
[
"Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger",
"NCX",
"sodium/calcium exchanger",
"sodium calcium exchanger",
"Na+/Ca2+ exchanger",
"Na+/Ca2+ antiporter",
"Na+/Ca2+ exchange protein"
] |
['SEA0400 is a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger having equal potencies to suppress both the forward and reverse mode operation of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. SEA0400 (2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methoxy] phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline), is a selective NCX inhibitor in vivo.', 'The effects of SEA0400, a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), on Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) uptake and catecholamine (CA) release were examined in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells that were loaded with Na(+) by treatment with ouabain and veratridine. SEA0400 inhibited Na(+)-dependent (45)Ca(2+) uptake and CA release, with the IC(50) values of 40 and 100 nM, respectively. ', 'The effects of SEA0400, a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), on Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) uptake and catecholamine (CA) release were examined in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells that were loaded with Na(+) by treatment with ouabain and veratridine. SEA0400 inhibited Na(+)-dependent (45)Ca(2+) uptake and CA release, with the IC(50) values of 40 and 100 nM, respectively. ', 'The effects of SEA0400, a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), on Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) uptake and catecholamine (CA) release were examined in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells that were loaded with Na(+) by treatment with ouabain and veratridine. SEA0400 inhibited Na(+)-dependent (45)Ca(2+) uptake and CA release, with the IC(50) values of 40 and 100 nM, respectively. ', 'The effects of SEA0400, a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), on Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) uptake and catecholamine (CA) release were examined in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells that were loaded with Na(+) by treatment with ouabain and veratridine. SEA0400 inhibited Na(+)-dependent (45)Ca(2+) uptake and CA release, with the IC(50) values of 40 and 100 nM, respectively. ', 'The effects of SEA0400, a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), on Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) uptake and catecholamine (CA) release were examined in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells that were loaded with Na(+) by treatment with ouabain and veratridine. SEA0400 inhibited Na(+)-dependent (45)Ca(2+) uptake and CA release, with the IC(50) values of 40 and 100 nM, respectively. ']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23441899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22119380",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22075452",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21672583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19593760",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423954",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18855935",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17727839",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17310075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16960421",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15878358",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16495765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16842776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15703202",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15678087",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15556149",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15231867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11877314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408549"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23441899",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 341,
"text": "The plasma membrane Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) is a bidirectional ion transporter that couples the translocation of Na(+) in one direction with that of Ca(2+) in the opposite direction. This system contributes to the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration via the forward mode (Ca(2+) efflux) or the reverse mode (Ca(2+) influx)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23441899",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 891,
"offsetInEndSection": 1161,
"text": "Concerning the role of NCX in NO cytotoxicity, we have found, using the specific inhibitor of NCX 2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methoxy]phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline (SEA0400), that NCX is involved in NO-induced cytotoxicity in cultured microglia, astrocytes, and neuronal cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22119380",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 496,
"text": "The Na(+)/Ca(2+)exchanger (NCX) principal function is taking 1 Ca(2+) out of the cytoplasm and introducing 3 Na(+). The increase of cytoplasmic Na(+) concentration induces the NCX reverse mode (NCX(REV)), favoring Ca(2+) influx. NCX(REV) can be inhibited by: KB-R7943 a non-specific compound that blocks voltage-dependent and store-operated Ca(2+) channels; SEA0400 that appears to be selective for NCX(REV), but difficult to obtain and SN-6, which efficacy has been shown only in cardiomyocytes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22075452",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1050,
"offsetInEndSection": 1187,
"text": "SEA0400 (1 μM), a pharmacological inhibitor of NCX, significantly shortened the MAP duration (P < .01) and reduced dispersion (P < .05). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903118",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 575,
"text": "We have recently shown that the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) is involved in nitric oxide (NO)-induced cytotoxicity in cultured astrocytes and neurons. However, there is no in vivo evidence suggesting the role of NCX in neurodegenerative disorders associated with NO. NO is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease. This study examined the effect of SEA0400, the specific NCX inhibitor, on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity, a model of Parkinson's disease, in C57BL/6J mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21672583",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 626,
"text": "The Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) plays a role in the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) levels, and nitric oxide (NO) is involved in many pathological conditions including neurodegenerative disorders. We have previously found that sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, causes apoptotic-like cell death in cultured glial cells via NCX-mediated pathways and the mechanism for NO-induced cytotoxicity is cell type-dependent. The present study examined using the specific NCX inhibitor 2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methoxy]phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline (SEA0400) whether NCX is involved in NO-induced injury in cultured neuronal cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447431",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 396,
"offsetInEndSection": 690,
"text": "In view of the previous observation that NO stimulates the activity of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), this study examines the involvement of NCX in cytotoxicity. The specific NCX inhibitor SEA0400 blocked SNP-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK, and decrease in cell viability. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19593760",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 533,
"text": "The sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) is one of the transporters contributing to the control of intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration by normally mediating net Ca(2+) efflux. However, the reverse mode of the NCX can cause intracellular Ca(2+) concentration overload, which exacerbates the myocardial tissue injury resulting from ischemia. Although the NCX inhibitor SEA0400 has been shown to therapeutically reduce myocardial injury, no in vivo technique exists to monitor intracellular Ca(2+) fluctuations produced by this drug."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423954",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "We examined the involvement of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger in the automaticity of the pulmonary vein myocardium with a specific inhibitor, SEA0400."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18855935",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 276,
"text": "We investigated the expression of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) and the functional role of NCX in retinal damage by using NCX1-heterozygous deficient mice (NCX1(+/-)) and SEA0400 (2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methoxy] phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline), a selective NCX inhibitor in vivo. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17727839",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 172,
"text": "SEA0400 is a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger having equal potencies to suppress both the forward and reverse mode operation of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17310075",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "Involvement of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in ouabain-induced inotropy and arrhythmogenesis was examined with a specific inhibitor, SEA0400."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17310075",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 136,
"offsetInEndSection": 431,
"text": "In right ventricular papillary muscle isolated from guinea-pig ventricle, 1 microM SEA0400, which specifically inhibits the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger by 80%, reduced the ouabain (1 microM)-induced positive inotropy by 40%, but had no effect on the inotropy induced by 100 microM isobutyl methylxantine."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16960421",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 389,
"text": "The effects of SEA0400, a selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), on Na(+)-dependent Ca(2+) uptake and catecholamine (CA) release were examined in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells that were loaded with Na(+) by treatment with ouabain and veratridine. SEA0400 inhibited Na(+)-dependent (45)Ca(2+) uptake and CA release, with the IC(50) values of 40 and 100 nM, respectively."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497099",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 482,
"text": "Given the potential clinical benefit of inhibiting Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) activity during myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R), pharmacological approaches have been pursued to both inhibit and clarify the importance of this exchanger. SEA0400 was reported to have a potent NCX selectivity. Thus, we examined the effect of SEA0400 on NCX currents and I/R induced intracellular Ca2+ overload in mouse ventricular myocytes using patch clamp techniques and fluorescence measurements."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497099",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1207,
"offsetInEndSection": 1349,
"text": "The results suggested that SEA0400 is a potent NCX inhibitor, which can protect mouse cardiac myocytes from Ca2+ overload during I/R injuries."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15878358",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 233,
"text": "The effect of SEA0400, a novel Na+-Ca2+ exchanger inhibitor, on mechanical and electrophysiological parameters of coronary-perfused guinea-pig right ventricular tissue preparation was examined during no-flow ischemia and reperfusion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16495765",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 286,
"text": "The Ca2+ overload by Ca2+ influx via Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is a critical mechanism in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. We investigated protective effects of a novel selective inhibitor of NCX, SEA0400, on cardiac function and energy metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16842776",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 163,
"text": "The cardioprotective effects of SEA0400, a novel Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger inhibitor, were examined in isolated guinea pig myocardial tissue and ventricular myocytes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15703202",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 403,
"text": "The effects of a new, potent, and selective inhibitor of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange, SEA-0400 (SEA), on steady-state outward (forward exchange), inward (reverse exchange), and Ca(2+)/Ca(2+) transport exchange modes were studied in internally dialyzed squid giant axons from both the extra- and intracellular sides. Inhibition by SEA takes place preferentially from the intracellular side of the membrane."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15678087",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 3,
"offsetInEndSection": 256,
"text": "Using SEA0400, a potent and selective inhibitor of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), we examined whether NCX is involved in nitric oxide (NO)-induced disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ homeostasis followed by apoptosis in cultured rat microglia."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15556149",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 327,
"text": "Activation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger may contribute to Ca2+ overload during reperfusion after transient ischemia. We examined the effects of 2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl) methoxy]phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline (SEA0400), a selective inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchange, on a canine model of ischemia/reperfusion injury (myocardial stunning)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15231867",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 392,
"text": "SEA0400 (2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methoxy]phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline) has recently been described as a potent and selective inhibitor of Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange in cardiac, neuronal, and renal preparations. The inhibitory effects of SEA0400 were investigated on the cloned cardiac Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger, NCX1.1, expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes to gain insight into its inhibitory mechanism."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11877314",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 780,
"text": "The effects of 2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl) methoxy]phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline (SEA0400), a newly synthesized Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) inhibitor, on the NCX current and other membrane currents were examined in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes and compared with those of 2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy) phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea (KB-R7943). SEA0400 concentration-dependently inhibited the NCX current with a 10 fold higher potency than that of KB-R7943; 1 microM SEA0400 and 10 microM KB-R7943 inhibited the NCX current by more than 80%. KB-R7943, at 10 microM, inhibited the sodium current, L-type calcium current, delayed rectifier potassium current and inwardly rectifying potassium current by more than 50%, but SEA0400 (1 microM) had no significant effect on these currents."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11877314",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 781,
"offsetInEndSection": 997,
"text": "These results indicate that SEA0400 is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of NCX, and would be a powerful tool for further studies on the role of NCX in the heart and the therapeutic potential of its inhibition."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408549",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 254,
"text": "The effect of the newly synthesized compound 2-[4-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)methoxy]phenoxy]-5-ethoxyaniline (SEA0400) on the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) was investigated and compared against that of 2-[2-[4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea (KB-R7943)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408549",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 255,
"offsetInEndSection": 850,
"text": "In addition, the effects of SEA0400 on reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo were examined. SEA0400 was extremely more potent than KB-R7943 in inhibiting Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake in cultured neurons, astrocytes, and microglia: IC50s of SEA0400 and KB-R7943 were 5 to 33 nM and 2 to 4 microM, respectively. SEA0400 at the concentration range that inhibited NCX exhibited negligible affinities for the Ca2+ channels, Na+ channels, K+ channels, norepinephrine transporter, and 14 receptors, and did not affect the activities of the Na+/H+ exchanger, Na+,K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and five enzymes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408549",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1340,
"offsetInEndSection": 1515,
"text": "These results indicate that SEA0400 is the most potent and selective inhibitor of NCX, and suggest that the compound may exert protective effects on postischemic brain damage."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
5506c3e38e1671127b00000a
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the prevalence of intellectual developmental disorders in Becker Muscular Dystrophy?
|
['8%']
|
[
"8 percent",
"eight percent",
"0.08",
"0.08 fraction",
"8/100"
] |
['The global prevalence of intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) is 8% in Becker muscular dystrophy.', 'The global prevalence of intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) in Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is 8%.', 'The prevalence of intellectual developmental disorders in Becker Muscular Dystrophy is 8%.', 'The global prevalence of intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) was 8% in Becker muscular dystrophy.', 'The global prevalence of intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) in Becker muscular dystrophy is 8%.', 'The prevalence of intellectual developmental disorders in Becker Muscular Dystrophy is 8%', 'The prevalence of intellectual developmental disorders in Becker Muscular Dystrophy is estimated to be 8.3%.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36440509"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36440509",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1369,
"offsetInEndSection": 1471,
"text": "The global prevalence of intellectual developmental disorder (IDD) was 8% in Becker muscular dystrophy"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36440509",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 655,
"offsetInEndSection": 727,
"text": "dies were included. The prevalence of IDD in BMD was 8.0% (95% confidenc"
}
] | 13 |
BioASQ-training13b
| null | null |
66300d3e187cba990d00001b
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which deficiency is the cause of restless leg syndrome?
|
['iron']
|
[
"iron",
"ferrous",
"ferric",
"Fe",
"element 26",
"iron metal"
] |
It has been well-documented that iron deficiency is the cause of restless leg syndrome. Magnesium and ferritin were also associated with restless leg syndrome.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940258",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22486183",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21358851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21211209",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20814842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20598107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19935988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19467991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18360657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039990",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17804903",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16982219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16828857",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12530992",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11863398",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11310286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21779527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24101430",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23257652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22377249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22258033",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21398376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20303704",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14643912",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096645",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24267148"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940258",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 438,
"offsetInEndSection": 775,
"text": "We describe a unique case of a 23-yr-old female patient affected by a homozygous loss of function mutation in the L-ferritin gene, idiopathic generalized seizures, and atypical restless leg syndrome (RLS). We show that L chain ferritin is undetectable in primary fibroblasts from the patient, and thus ferritin consists only of H chains."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940258",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1136,
"offsetInEndSection": 1369,
"text": "Our results demonstrate for the first time the pathophysiological consequences of L-ferritin deficiency in a human and help to define the concept for a new disease entity hallmarked by idiopathic generalized seizure and atypical RLS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21358851",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1332,
"offsetInEndSection": 1562,
"text": "These results when viewed along with prior RLS SPECT and autopsy studies of DAT, and cell culture studies with iron deficiency and DAT, suggest that membrane-bound striatal DAT, but not total cellular DAT, may be decreased in RLS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21211209",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 690,
"offsetInEndSection": 860,
"text": " Compared with the PD or healthy group, the level of serum ferritin and the H-reflex latency of tibial nerve were significantly decreased in PD with RLS group (P < 0.05)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21211209",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 913,
"offsetInEndSection": 1031,
"text": "Deficiency of iron and decreased inhibition function of spinal cord may lead to the occurrence of RLS in PD patients. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20814842",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 538,
"offsetInEndSection": 691,
"text": "Association of iron deficiency with febrile seizures, pica, breath holding spells, restless leg syndrome and thrombosis is increasingly being recognized."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20598107",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 714,
"offsetInEndSection": 857,
"text": " Iron status was generally poor among regular blood donors, especially in women, with a high incidence of iron depletion (>20%) and RLS (18%). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20598107",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1217,
"offsetInEndSection": 1350,
"text": "Iron status is poor in regular blood donors, restless legs syndrome is common, and the routine iron supplementation is insufficient. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19935988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1240,
"offsetInEndSection": 1366,
"text": "Furthermore, there appears to be an association between iron deficiency and those suffering from Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19935988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1491,
"offsetInEndSection": 1784,
"text": "The authors propose that PPIs, such as omeprazole, may interfere with iron absorption in certain patients and that a subpopulation of patients who develop significant iron deficiency characterized by low serum ferritin levels while on PPIs may also develop RLS-like symptoms (including RLSAP)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19467991",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 56,
"offsetInEndSection": 211,
"text": "Clinical studies have implicated the dopaminergic system in RLS, while others have suggested that it is associated with insufficient levels of brain iron. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19467991",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1674,
"offsetInEndSection": 1877,
"text": "The results are consistent with the hypothesis that a primary iron insufficiency produces a dopaminergic abnormality characterized as an overly activated dopaminergic system as part of the RLS pathology."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18360657",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 466,
"offsetInEndSection": 608,
"text": "RLS may also be secondary to a number of conditions including iron deficiency, pregnancy and end-stage renal failure and, perhaps, neuropathy."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18360657",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 692,
"offsetInEndSection": 860,
"text": "The pathogenesis of RLS probably involves the interplay of systemic or brain iron deficiency and impaired dopaminergic neurotransmission in the subcortex of the brain. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039990",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 861,
"offsetInEndSection": 958,
"text": "All patients showed low levels of ferritin and iron supplementation was effective in five cases. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17804903",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 432,
"offsetInEndSection": 724,
"text": "Clinical and animal studies that support the benefits of iron supplementation, independent of increasing hemoglobin, such as those on immune function, physical performance, thermoregulation, cognition, and restless leg syndrome and aluminum absorption is the subject of this narrative review."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16982219",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 454,
"text": "Restless leg syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) are considered to be a continuum of a neurological sleep disorder associated with abnormal iron metabolism or deficiency. I describe a case of RLS and PLMD in a cystic fibrosis patient with iron deficiency from chronic hemoptysis. This is the first case that reports RLS and PLMD manifesting from iron deficiency caused by chronic hemoptysis in advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16982219",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "Restless leg syndrome manifested by iron deficiency from chronic hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16828857",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 203,
"text": "Diurnal effects on motor control are evident in the human disease of Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), which is purported to be linked to brain iron deficiency as well as alterations in dopaminergic systems. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12530992",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 755,
"offsetInEndSection": 974,
"text": "Iron deficiency in the central nervous system is known to cause motor impairment and cognitive deficits; more recently, it has been suggested that it may play a role in the pathophysiology of the restless leg syndrome. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799409",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 276,
"offsetInEndSection": 412,
"text": "Restless leg syndrome (RLS), aging, pregnancy, uraemia, iron deficiency, polyneuropathy are some of the common causes of secondary PLMD."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11310286",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 479,
"offsetInEndSection": 662,
"text": "The syndrome is increasingly often diagnosed, particularly in association with iron deficiency, during pregnancy, in chronic renal failure and in patients with peripheral neuropathy. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8363978",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "Clinical, EEG, electromyographic and polysomnographic studies in restless legs syndrome caused by magnesium deficiency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22486183",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1191,
"offsetInEndSection": 1373,
"text": "A frequent polymorphism in BTBD9 was significantly associated with serum ferritin. This polymorphism has previously been associated with RLS, but not low iron stores in blood donors."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012148",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003677",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050425"
] |
[] |
530cefaaad0bf1360c000012
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is the role of DNA Repair Cofactors ATMIN and NBS1?
|
['Suppresion of T Cell Activation.']
|
[
"Suppression of T Cell Activation",
"T Cell Activation Suppression",
"Inhibition of T Cell Activation",
"T Cell Suppression",
"T Cell Inhibition"
] |
['The DNA double-strand break signaling kinase ATM and its cofactor NBS1 are required during T cell development and for the maintenance of genomic stability. The role of a second ATM cofactor, ATMIN (also known as ASCIZ) in T cells is much less clear, and whether ATMIN and NBS1 function in synergy in T cells is unknown.', 'The DNA Repair Cofactors ATMIN and NBS1 are required to suppress T Cell activation. Loss of NBS1 led to a developmental block at the double-positive stage of T cell development, as well as reduced TCRα recombination, that was unexpectedly neither exacerbated nor alleviated by concomitant loss of ATMIN. In contrast, loss of both ATMIN and NBS1 enhanced DNA damage that drove spontaneous peripheral T cell hyperactivation, proliferation as well as excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, leading to a highly inflammatory environment. Intriguingly, the disease causing T cells were largely proficient for both ATMIN and NBS1. In vivo this resulted in severe intestinal inflammation, colitis and premature death.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "DNA Repair Cofactors ATMIN and NBS1 Are Required to Suppress T Cell Activation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 452,
"offsetInEndSection": 1366,
"text": "Here, we investigate the roles of ATMIN and NBS1, either alone or in combination, using murine models. We show loss of NBS1 led to a developmental block at the double-positive stage of T cell development, as well as reduced TCRα recombination, that was unexpectedly neither exacerbated nor alleviated by concomitant loss of ATMIN. In contrast, loss of both ATMIN and NBS1 enhanced DNA damage that drove spontaneous peripheral T cell hyperactivation, proliferation as well as excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, leading to a highly inflammatory environment. Intriguingly, the disease causing T cells were largely proficient for both ATMIN and NBS1. In vivo this resulted in severe intestinal inflammation, colitis and premature death. Our findings reveal a novel model for an intestinal bowel disease phenotype that occurs upon combined loss of the DNA repair cofactors ATMIN and NBS1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1208,
"offsetInEndSection": 1358,
"text": "Our findings reveal a novel model for an intestinal bowel disease phenotype that occurs upon combined loss of the DNA repair cofactors ATMIN and NBS1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 778,
"offsetInEndSection": 1033,
"text": "In contrast, loss of both ATMIN and NBS1 enhanced DNA damage that drove spontaneous peripheral T cell hyperactivation, proliferation as well as excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, leading to a highly inflammatory environment."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "DNA Repair Cofactors ATMIN and NBS1 Are Required to Suppress T Cell Activation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1216,
"offsetInEndSection": 1365,
"text": "Our findings reveal a novel model for an intestinal bowel disease phenotype that occurs upon combined loss of the DNA repair cofactors ATMIN and NBS1"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1216,
"offsetInEndSection": 1366,
"text": "Our findings reveal a novel model for an intestinal bowel disease phenotype that occurs upon combined loss of the DNA repair cofactors ATMIN and NBS1."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 783,
"offsetInEndSection": 1038,
"text": "In contrast, loss of both ATMIN and NBS1 enhanced DNA damage that drove spontaneous peripheral T cell hyperactivation, proliferation as well as excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, leading to a highly inflammatory environment."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 555,
"offsetInEndSection": 782,
"text": "We show loss of NBS1 led to a developmental block at the double-positive stage of T cell development, as well as reduced TCRα recombination, that was unexpectedly neither exacerbated nor alleviated by concomitant loss of ATMIN."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 80,
"text": "DNA Repair Cofactors ATMIN and NBS1 Are Required to Suppress T Cell Activation."
}
] | 6 |
BioASQ-training6b
|
[
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NBS1_SCHPO",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004260",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D045643",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053843",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NBS1_ARATH"
] |
[
{
"o": "DNA repair",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0012899"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18609617",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0012899"
},
{
"o": "dna repair",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18609617"
},
{
"o": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43070",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43070"
},
{
"o": "nbs1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/intact/EBI-2125045"
},
{
"o": "nbs1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_4F34333037300013"
},
{
"o": "NBS1_SCHPO",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43070"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_4F34333037300013",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/encodedBy",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43070"
}
] |
58853c56e56acf5176000018
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Which company produces Eligard?
|
['Astellas Pharma GmbH']
|
[
"Astellas Pharma GmbH",
"Astellas Pharma",
"Astellas",
"Astellas Pharma Inc.",
"Astellas Pharma Limited"
] |
['Eligard is produced by Astellas Pharma GmbH.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197875"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197875",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 242,
"text": "We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 3- and 6-month leuprorelin acetate (LA) depot formulations (Eligard®, Astellas Pharma GmbH) in patients with advanced prostate cancer treated in routine clinical practice in Germany."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e776443835f4e4777000008
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
What is Apretude used for?
|
['HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis']
|
[
"HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis",
"PrEP",
"HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis",
"HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis medication",
"HIV prevention pill"
] |
['Cabotegravir extended-release (ER) injectable suspension (Apretude™) is the first long-acting injectable option to be approved for HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36255686"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36255686",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "Cabotegravir Extended-Release Injectable Suspension: A Review in HIV-1 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36255686",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 170,
"text": "Cabotegravir extended-release (ER) injectable suspension (Apretude™) is the first long-acting injectable option to be approved for HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36255686",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 465,
"offsetInEndSection": 694,
"text": "Cabotegravir ER injectable suspension is indicated in the USA for PrEP to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection in at-risk adults and adolescents weighing ≥ 35 kg who have a negative HIV-1 test prior to initiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36255686",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1086,
"offsetInEndSection": 1312,
"text": "With its convenient, less-frequent dosing schedule and its long-acting formulation enabling intramuscular administration, cabotegravir ER injectable suspension represents a novel and efficacious alternative to daily oral PrEP."
}
] | 12 |
BioASQ-training12b
| null | null |
6440420857b1c7a315000050
|
bioasq_factoid
|
factoid
|
Where are the orexigenic peptides synthesized?
|
[['The orexigenic peptides are sythesized in the hypothalamus.']]
|
[
"orexigenic peptides",
"appetite-stimulating peptides",
"hunger-inducing peptides",
"hypothalamic peptides",
"peptides synthesized in the hypothalamus",
"orexigenic neuropeptides"
] |
['The orexigenic peptides are sythesized in the hypothalamus.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502749",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25039297",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991043",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25241055",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25017744",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25047666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23707377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22771813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22325091",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22922128",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21574955"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25502749",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 84,
"text": "Orexin A and B, orexigenic peptides produced primarily by the lateral hypothalamus t"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258168",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1409,
"offsetInEndSection": 1528,
"text": "Telmisartin reduced hypothalamic mRNA levels of the orexigenic peptides melanin-concentrating hormone and prepro-orexin"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25039297",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1517,
"offsetInEndSection": 1636,
"text": "expression of the orexigenic peptides, enkephalin (ENK) and galanin (GAL), in developing embryonic hypothalamic neurons"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991043",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1503,
"offsetInEndSection": 1536,
"text": "hypothalamic orexigenic peptides,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25241055",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 264,
"offsetInEndSection": 418,
"text": " Such mechanisms may involve orexigenic peptides known to stimulate alcohol intake through their actions in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25017744",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1264,
"offsetInEndSection": 1296,
"text": "hypothalamus orexigenic peptides"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25047666",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 518,
"offsetInEndSection": 585,
"text": " the hypothalamic mRNA expression of endogenous orexigenic peptides"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23707377",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 239,
"offsetInEndSection": 329,
"text": "The hypothalamus integrates peripheral and central signals to generate satiety or hunger. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22771813",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 950,
"offsetInEndSection": 1054,
"text": "increase in mRNA expression of hypothalamic orexigenic peptides and a decrease of anorexigenic peptides;"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903140",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 605,
"offsetInEndSection": 772,
"text": "expression of the orexigenic peptides, galanin (GAL) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and orexin (OX) in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PFLH)."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22325091",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 642,
"offsetInEndSection": 883,
"text": "Expression of orexigenic peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) decreased in the hypothalamus of metformin-treated diabetic rats, though anorexigenic peptides pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) did not change significantly."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22922128",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 38,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "hypothalamic orexigenic peptides "
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[] |
[] |
56e47e0051531f7e3300001c
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Are Spinal Intradural Primary Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors(MPNST) rare in neurofibromatosis patients?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['Spinal intradural primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are rare in patients without neurofibromatosis.', 'No, Spinal Intradural Primary Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors(MPNST) rare in patients without neurofibromatosis.', 'yes, Primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are extremely rare in patients without a history of neurofibromatosis; only 18 cases have been reported in the English-language literature to this point.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27593814",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926928"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27593814",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "Spinal intradural primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are rare in patients without neurofibromatosis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926928",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 211,
"text": "Primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are extremely rare in patients without a history of neurofibromatosis; only 18 cases have been reported in the English-language literature to this point."
}
] | 11 |
BioASQ-training11b
| null | null |
5e67bc121af46fc13000001c
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Is JTV519 (K201) a potential drug for the prevention of arrhythmias?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
Yes, JTV519 has antiarrhythmic properties.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22563249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001562",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21291389",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20581784",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20080988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17994112",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17644079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16672364",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16185151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15584870",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890053",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11090108"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 330,
"offsetInEndSection": 636,
"text": "We compared the suppressive effect of K201 (JTV519), a multiple-channel blocker and cardiac ryanodine receptor-calcium release channel (RyR2) stabilizer, with that of diltiazem, a Ca(2+ )channel blocker, in 2 studies of isoproterenol-induced (n = 30) and ischemic-reperfusion-induced VAs (n = 38) in rats. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1055,
"offsetInEndSection": 1584,
"text": "After administration of isoproterenol under Ca(2+) loading, fatal VA frequently occurred in the vehicle (9 of 10 animals, 90%) and diltiazem (8 of 10, 80%) groups, and K201 significantly suppressed the incidences of arrhythmia and mortality (2 of 10, 20%). In the reperfusion study, the incidence and the time until occurrence of reperfusion-induced VA and mortality were significantly suppressed in the K201 (2 of 15 animals, 13%) and diltiazem (1 of 9 animals, 11%) groups compared to the vehicle group (8 of 14 animals, 57%). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1707,
"offsetInEndSection": 1860,
"text": "K201 markedly suppressed both the isoproterenol-induced and the reperfusion-induced VAs, whereas diltiazem did not suppress the isoproterenol-induced VA."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22563249",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1614,
"offsetInEndSection": 1876,
"text": "JTV519 (K201) is a newly developed 1,4-benzothiazepine drug with antiarrhythmic and cardioprotective properties. It appears to be very effective in not only preventing but also in reversing the characteristic myocardial changes and preventing lethal arrhythmias."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001562",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 389,
"text": "The novel antiarrhythmic drug K201 (4-[3-{1-(4-benzyl)piperidinyl}propionyl]-7-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzothiazepine monohydrochloride) is currently in development for treatment of atrial fibrillation. K201 not only controls intracellular calcium release by the ryanodine receptors, but also possesses a ventricular action that might predispose to torsade de pointes arrhythmias. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21291389",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 969,
"offsetInEndSection": 1152,
"text": "The RyR is currently used as a therapeutic target in malignant hyperthermia where dantrolene is effective and to relieve ventricular arrhythmia, with the use of JTV519 and flecainide."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20581784",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1200,
"offsetInEndSection": 1372,
"text": "Finally, KN-3 and JTV519, two compounds that stabilize RyR2 in the closed state, prevent the induction of triggered activity and suppress the inducibility of sustained AF. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20080988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1639,
"offsetInEndSection": 1718,
"text": "JTV-519 greatly reduced the frequency of ouabain-induced arrhythmogenic events."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20080988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1914,
"offsetInEndSection": 1995,
"text": "Stabilization of RyR2 by JTV-519 effectively reduces these triggered arrhythmias."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17994112",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1473,
"offsetInEndSection": 1537,
"text": "These findings may reveal the anti-arrhythmic potential of K201."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17994112",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 225,
"offsetInEndSection": 340,
"text": "The preferential ryanodine receptor stabilizer (K201) possesses antiarrhythmic effects through calcium regulation. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17644079",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 153,
"text": "The drug K201 (JTV-519) increases inotropy and suppresses arrhythmias in failing hearts, but the effects of K201 on normal hearts is unknown. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1510,
"offsetInEndSection": 1616,
"text": "K201 fails to prevent DADs in RyR2(R4496C+/-) myocytes and ventricular arrhythmias in RyR2(R4496C+/-) mice"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825580",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1071,
"offsetInEndSection": 1198,
"text": "In vivo administration of K201 failed to prevent induction of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in RyR2(R4496C+/-) mice."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16672364",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 893,
"offsetInEndSection": 1089,
"text": "The 1,4-benzothiazepine JTV519, which increases the binding affinity of calstabin-2 for RyR2, inhibited the diastolic SR Ca2+ leak, monophasic action potential alternans and triggered arrhythmias."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16185151",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 499,
"offsetInEndSection": 720,
"text": "In arrhythmias, the calstabin2 stabiliser JTV519 did not prevent arrhythmias in calstabin2-/- mice, but reduced the arrhythmias in calstabin2+/- mice, illustrating the antiarrhythmic potential of stabilising calstablin2. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15584870",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 412,
"offsetInEndSection": 652,
"text": "In three models of arrhythmias, the calstabin2 stabiliser JTV519 did not prevent arrhythmias in calstabin2(-/-) mice, but reduced the arrhythmias in calstabin2(+/-) mice, illustrating the antiarrhythmic potential of stabilising calstabin2. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073377",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 456,
"offsetInEndSection": 645,
"text": "A derivative of 1,4-benzothiazepine (JTV519) increased the affinity of calstabin2 for RyR2, which stabilized the closed state of RyR2 and prevented the Ca2+ leak that triggers arrhythmias. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890053",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1480,
"offsetInEndSection": 1732,
"text": "JTV-519 had significant protective effects on atrial fibrillation in the canine sterile pericarditis model, mainly by increasing effective refractory period, suggesting that it may have potential as a novel antiarrhythmic agent for atrial fibrillation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890053",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 871,
"offsetInEndSection": 1002,
"text": "JTV-519 significantly decreased the mean number of sustained atrial fibrillation episodes (from 4.2 +/- 2.9 to 0 +/- 0, P < 0.01). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11090108",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1652,
"offsetInEndSection": 1851,
"text": "We conclude that JTV-519 can exert antiarrhythmic effects against AF by inhibiting repolarizing K(+) currents. The drug may be useful for the treatment of AF in patients with ischaemic heart disease."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000889"
] |
[
{
"o": "C109183",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906"
},
{
"o": "JTV-519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV 519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "C109183",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235"
},
{
"o": "JTV-519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV 519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "C109183",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511"
},
{
"o": "JTV-519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV 519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "MeSH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906"
},
{
"o": "JTV-519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV 519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "MeSH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235"
},
{
"o": "JTV-519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV 519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "MeSH",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511"
},
{
"o": "JTV-519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV 519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0668089",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#broader",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "K-201",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A1334561"
},
{
"o": "JTV-519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17004235",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "JTV 519",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A16995906"
},
{
"o": "K201 compound",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A1362694"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7798511",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/prefMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0754680",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#narrower",
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] |
52b2f1724003448f5500000b
|
bioasq_yesno
|
yesno
|
Does the 3D structure of the genome remain stable during cell differentiation?
|
['no']
|
[
"no"
] |
['Many studies have suggested a link between the spatial organization of genomes and fundamental biological processes such as genome reprogramming, gene expression, and differentiation. The open chromatin of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) condenses into repressive heterochromatin as cells exit the pluripotent state. The relation between alterations in chromatin structure and changes in gene expression during cell differentiation has served as a paradigm to understand the link between genome organization and function. Insulators are involved in 3D genome organization at multiple spatial scales and are important for dynamic reorganization of chromatin structure during reprogramming and differentiation. Architectural proteins orchestrate higher-order chromatin organization through the establishment of interactions between regulatory elements across multiple spatial scales. The regulation of these proteins, their interaction with DNA, and their co-occurrence in the genome, may be responsible for the plasticity of 3D chromatin architecture that dictates cell and time-specific blueprints of gene expression.', "Chromatin insulators have emerged as one of the central components of the genome organization tool-kit across species. We identify large, megabase-sized local chromatin interaction domains, which we term 'topological domains', as a pervasive structural feature of the genome organization. Many studies have suggested a link between the spatial organization of genomes and fundamental biological processes such as genome reprogramming, gene expression, and differentiation. Thus, p63 and its direct target Brg1 play an essential role in remodelling the higher-order chromatin structure of the EDC and in the specific positioning of this locus within the landscape of the 3D nuclear space, as required for the efficient expression of EDC genes in epidermal progenitor cells during skin development."]
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495300",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26340639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25218583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346698",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24305663",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479748",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905166",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199754",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25693564"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495300",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 940,
"offsetInEndSection": 1109,
"text": "We identify large, megabase-sized local chromatin interaction domains, which we term 'topological domains', as a pervasive structural feature of the genome organization."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495300",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1207,
"offsetInEndSection": 1376,
"text": "The domains are stable across different cell types and highly conserved across species, indicating that topological domains are an inherent property of mammalian genomes"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26340639",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 547,
"offsetInEndSection": 733,
"text": "Insulators are involved in 3D genome organization at multiple spatial scales and are important for dynamic reorganization of chromatin structure during reprogramming and differentiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25218583",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 204,
"text": "The relation between alterations in chromatin structure and changes in gene expression during cell differentiation has served as a paradigm to understand the link between genome organization and function."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25218583",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 521,
"offsetInEndSection": 929,
"text": "Architectural proteins orchestrate higher-order chromatin organization through the establishment of interactions between regulatory elements across multiple spatial scales. The regulation of these proteins, their interaction with DNA, and their co-occurrence in the genome, may be responsible for the plasticity of 3D chromatin architecture that dictates cell and time-specific blueprints of gene expression."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346698",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 198,
"offsetInEndSection": 430,
"text": "The role of 3D genome organisation in the control and execution of lineage-specific transcription programmes during the development and differentiation of multipotent stem cells into specialised cell types remains poorly understood."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346698",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 196,
"text": "Chromatin structural states and their remodelling, including higher-order chromatin folding and three-dimensional (3D) genome organisation, play an important role in the control of gene expression"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24346698",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 431,
"offsetInEndSection": 666,
"text": "Here, we show that substantial remodelling of the higher-order chromatin structure of the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), a keratinocyte lineage-specific gene locus on mouse chromosome 3, occurs during epidermal morphogenesis."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24305663",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 183,
"text": "Many studies have suggested a link between the spatial organization of genomes and fundamental biological processes such as genome reprogramming, gene expression, and differentiation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479748",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 717,
"offsetInEndSection": 908,
"text": "Moreover, we reveal that formation of such highly condensed, transcriptionally repressed heterochromatin promotes transcriptional activation of differentiation genes and loss of pluripotency."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479748",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 128,
"text": "The open chromatin of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) condenses into repressive heterochromatin as cells exit the pluripotent state."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479748",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 551,
"offsetInEndSection": 715,
"text": "we find that localized heterochromatin condensation of ribosomal RNA genes initiates establishment of highly condensed chromatin structures outside of the nucleolus"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905166",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 522,
"offsetInEndSection": 676,
"text": "We focus on the emerging relationship between genome organization and lineage-specific transcriptional regulation, which we argue are inextricably linked."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199754",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 408,
"text": "Cells face the challenge of storing two meters of DNA in the three-dimensional (3D) space of the nucleus that spans only a few microns. The nuclear organization that is required to overcome this challenge must allow for the accessibility of the gene regulatory machinery to the DNA and, in the case of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), for the transcriptional and epigenetic changes that accompany differentiation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199754",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 715,
"offsetInEndSection": 1076,
"text": "In this review we summarize some of the recent findings illuminating the 3D structure of the eukaryotic genome, as well as the relationship between genome topology and function from the level of whole chromosomes to enhancer-promoter loops with a focus on features affecting genome organization in ESCs and changes in nuclear organization during differentiation"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25693564",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 481,
"offsetInEndSection": 742,
"text": "We observe that although self-associating chromatin domains are stable during differentiation, chromatin interactions both within and between domains change in a striking manner, altering 36% of active and inactive chromosomal compartments throughout the genome"
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002454",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030154",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678"
] |
[] |
56ebfac12ac5ed1459000001
|
bioasq_yesno
|
factoid
|
Inhibition of which transporter is the mechanism of action of drug Canagliflozin?
|
['sodium glucose co-transporter 2']
|
[
"sodium glucose co-transporter 2",
"SGLT2",
"Sodium-glucose transport protein 2",
"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2",
"Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2"
] |
Inhibition of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is the major mechanism of action of canagliflozin. Canagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved in the USA for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and is under regulatory review in the EU. Other SGLT2 inhibitors include dapagliflozin and empagliflozin.
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257692",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040872",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23895803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729000",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23590413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23563279",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23412078",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326927",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23042029",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23087012",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10481836"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257692",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 303,
"offsetInEndSection": 436,
"text": "During the past year, two SGLT2 inhibitors, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin, have been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 680,
"offsetInEndSection": 955,
"text": "Currently dapagliflozin, one of the three most advanced SGLT2 inhibitors in the development (along with canagliflozin and empagliflozin), is already in the market in few European countries and canagliflozin has been approved from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in US."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025022",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition with canagliflozin in type 2 diabetes mellitus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025022",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 429,
"offsetInEndSection": 636,
"text": "This report reviews the potentially beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus, specifically focusing on canagliflozin, the only SGLT2 inhibitor approved for use in the United States."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23895803",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 109,
"offsetInEndSection": 290,
"text": "The sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin lowered blood glucose, blood pressure, and body weight, with increased risk of urogenital infections in Phase 2 studies. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 266,
"text": "Canagliflozin (Invokana™), an oral selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is under global development with Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729000",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 669,
"offsetInEndSection": 780,
"text": "Canagliflozin is the first SGLT2 inhibitor to be approved in the USA and is under regulatory review in the EU. "
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23590413",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Canagliflozin , an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23590413",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "Canagliflozin is an orally administered sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor proposed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23563279",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 471,
"offsetInEndSection": 665,
"text": "In this review, we summarize recent animal and human studies on ipragliflozin and other SGLT2 inhibitors including dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, tofogliflozin, and luseogliflozin."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23412078",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor, is also a low-potency SGLT1 inhibitor. "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23412078",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1665,
"offsetInEndSection": 1834,
"text": "Canagliflozin reduces postprandial plasma glucose and insulin by increasing UGE (via renal SGLT2 inhibition) and delaying RaO, likely due to intestinal SGLT1 inhibition."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002352",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051051",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0032410",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004364",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D045504"
] |
[] |
5335c7f2d6d3ac6a34000051
|
bioasq_factoid
|
yesno
|
Are immune cells affected in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
|
['yes']
|
[
"yes"
] |
['In ALS T-cell deficiency increases neuronal loss, while boosting T cell levels reduces it.', 'Therapeutic immunization of mSOD1 mice with a myelin-derived peptide led to CP activation, and was followed by the accumulation of immunoregulatory cells, including IL-10-producing monocyte-derived macrophages and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, and elevation of the neurotrophic factors IGF-1 and GDNF in the diseased spinal cord parenchyma', 'Therapeutic immunization of mSOD1 mice with a myelin-derived peptide led to CP activation, and was followed by the accumulation of immunoregulatory cells, including IL-10-producing monocyte-derived macrophages and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, and elevation of the neurotrophic factors IGF-1 and GDNF in the diseased spinal cord parenchyma', 'Therapeutic immunization of mSOD1 mice with a myelin-derived peptide led to CP activation, and was followed by the accumulation of immunoregulatory cells, including IL-10-producing monocyte-derived macrophages and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, and elevation of the neurotrophic factors IGF-1 and GDNF in the diseased spinal cord parenchyma', 'Therapeutic immunization of mSOD1 mice with a myelin-derived peptide led to CP activation, and was followed by the accumulation of immunoregulatory cells, including IL-10-producing monocyte-derived macrophages and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, and elevation of the neurotrophic factors IGF-1 and GDNF in the diseased spinal cord parenchyma', 'Therapeutic immunization of mSOD1 mice with a myelin-derived peptide led to CP activation, and was followed by the accumulation of immunoregulatory cells, including IL-10-producing monocyte-derived macrophages and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, and elevation of the neurotrophic factors IGF-1 and GDNF in the diseased spinal cord parenchyma', 'The intrathymic injection of donor spleen cells into antilymphocyte serum (ALS)-treated mice induces significant prolongation of donor skin grafts. To elucidate possible mechanisms involved in the induction of unresponsiveness in ALS-treated mice after intrathymic injection of donor spleen cells, we have analysed the reactivity of lymphoid cells from unresponsive mice in various ways. Here, we show that in the mutant superoxide dismutase 1 G93A (mSOD1) mouse model of ALS, the levels of natural killer T (NKT) cells increased dramatically, and T-cell distribution was altered both in lymphoid organs and in the spinal cord relative to wild-type mice. Therapeutic immunization of mSOD1 mice with a myelin-derived peptide led to CP activation, and was followed by the accumulation of immunoregulatory cells, including IL-10-producing monocyte-derived macrophages and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, and elevation of the neurotrophic factors IGF-1 and GDNF in the diseased spinal cord parenchyma.']
|
[
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25904790",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21829620",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7551976",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7595631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23881705",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17852013",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20406178",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24995608",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25199710"
] |
[
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25904790",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 787,
"offsetInEndSection": 1125,
"text": "Therapeutic immunization of mSOD1 mice with a myelin-derived peptide led to CP activation, and was followed by the accumulation of immunoregulatory cells, including IL-10-producing monocyte-derived macrophages and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, and elevation of the neurotrophic factors IGF-1 and GDNF in the diseased spinal cord parenchyma"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25904790",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 192,
"text": "Immunization with a Myelin-Derived Antigen Activates the Brain's Choroid Plexus for Recruitment of Immunoregulatory Cells to the CNS and Attenuates Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of ALS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21829620",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 220,
"text": "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective death of motor neurons (MN) in the spinal cord, and is associated with local neuroinflammation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21829620",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 403,
"offsetInEndSection": 486,
"text": "T-cell deficiency increases neuronal loss, while boosting T cell levels reduces it."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23881705",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 625,
"offsetInEndSection": 1022,
"text": "As disease accelerates, a shift occurs from beneficial immune responses (involving M2 microglia and regulatory T-cells) to deleterious immune responses (involving M1 microglia and Th1 cells). In this review, we underscore the importance of immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ALS and discuss the alterations and distinct phenotypes of immune cells at the different stages of disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17852013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": " Immunological disturbances have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Chemokines are involved in the recruitment of immune cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20406178",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 316,
"text": "The immune system has been found to be involved with positive and negative effects in the nervous system of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. In general, T cells, B cells, NK cells, mast cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, microglia, antibodies, complement and cytokines participate in limiting damage."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23881705",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 625,
"offsetInEndSection": 1022,
"text": "As disease accelerates, a shift occurs from beneficial immune responses (involving M2 microglia and regulatory T-cells) to deleterious immune responses (involving M1 microglia and Th1 cells). In this review, we underscore the importance of immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ALS and discuss the alterations and distinct phenotypes of immune cells at the different stages of disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17852013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "Immunological disturbances have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Chemokines are involved in the recruitment of immune cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20406178",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 316,
"text": "The immune system has been found to be involved with positive and negative effects in the nervous system of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. In general, T cells, B cells, NK cells, mast cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, microglia, antibodies, complement and cytokines participate in limiting damage."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24995608",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2147,
"offsetInEndSection": 2458,
"text": "We propose the following mechanism for the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) administered intrathecally in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): MSCs increase infiltration of peripheral immune cells into CNS and skew the infiltrated immune cells toward regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg ) and Th2 lymphocytes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23881705",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 625,
"offsetInEndSection": 1022,
"text": "As disease accelerates, a shift occurs from beneficial immune responses (involving M2 microglia and regulatory T-cells) to deleterious immune responses (involving M1 microglia and Th1 cells). In this review, we underscore the importance of immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ALS and discuss the alterations and distinct phenotypes of immune cells at the different stages of disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23881705",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 625,
"offsetInEndSection": 1022,
"text": "As disease accelerates, a shift occurs from beneficial immune responses (involving M2 microglia and regulatory T-cells) to deleterious immune responses (involving M1 microglia and Th1 cells). In this review, we underscore the importance of immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ALS and discuss the alterations and distinct phenotypes of immune cells at the different stages of disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17852013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": " Immunological disturbances have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Chemokines are involved in the recruitment of immune cells."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20406178",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 316,
"text": "The immune system has been found to be involved with positive and negative effects in the nervous system of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. In general, T cells, B cells, NK cells, mast cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, microglia, antibodies, complement and cytokines participate in limiting damage."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24995608",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2147,
"offsetInEndSection": 2458,
"text": "We propose the following mechanism for the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) administered intrathecally in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): MSCs increase infiltration of peripheral immune cells into CNS and skew the infiltrated immune cells toward regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg ) and Th2 lymphocytes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23881705",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 625,
"offsetInEndSection": 1022,
"text": "As disease accelerates, a shift occurs from beneficial immune responses (involving M2 microglia and regulatory T-cells) to deleterious immune responses (involving M1 microglia and Th1 cells). In this review, we underscore the importance of immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ALS and discuss the alterations and distinct phenotypes of immune cells at the different stages of disease."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25199710",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 271,
"text": "Immune cell infiltration to the brain's territory was considered for decades to reflect a pathological process in which immune cells attack the central nervous system (CNS); such a process is observed in the inflammatory autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis (MS)."
}
] | 5 |
BioASQ-training5b
|
[
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002477",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000690",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012598",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:230"
] |
[] |
56cae51f5795f9a73e000025
|
bioasq_yesno
|
End of preview. Expand
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